1287 How to say “too” (= excessive) in Welsh. Rhÿ olau = too light; rhÿ wan = too weak; rhÿ ddrud = too expensive, dear; rhÿ sÿch = too dry; rhÿ hen = too old
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Welsh Course
HOW TO SAY ‘TOO BIG, TOO SMALL, TOO LONG, etc”

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rhÿ = too

Pronunciaction: [hrii]

It causes soft mutation.

Remember that this mutation affects c-p-t-g-b-d-m-ll-rh

Recap of the soft mutation:

Nine consonants are affected.

The upper row shows the radical consonant; the lower row the soft-mutated consonants.

That is, “c” becomes “g”, and “p” becomes “b”, and so on

c [k]	p	t	g	b	d	m	ll	rh [hr]
g	b	d	-	f [v]	dd [dh]	f [v]	l	r

Here are some common adjectives followed by the soft-mutated forms:

coch, goch	red
glas, las	blue (or green if vegetation)
gwÿrdd, wÿrdd	green
llwÿd, lwÿd	grey
du, ddu	black
gwÿn, wÿn	white
brown, frown	brown
melÿn, felÿn	yellow
pinc, binc	pink
porffor, borffor	purple
bach, fach	small, little
mawr, fawr	big. large
trwm, drwm	heavy
ysgafn	light
bÿr, fÿr	short
hir	long
peryglus, beryglus	dangerous
diogel, ddiogel	safe
tywÿll, dywÿll	dark
golau, olau	light
rhyfedd, rÿfedd	strange
hen	old
ifanc	young
tew, dew	fat
tenau, denau	thin
crÿf, grÿf	strong
gwan, wan	weak
poeth, boeth	hot (North Wales)
twÿm, dwÿm	hot (South Wales)
oer	cold
llydan, lydan	wide
cul, gul	narrow
rhad, rad	cheap
drud, ddrud	expensive, dear
swnllÿd	noisy
rhydlÿd, rydlÿd	rusty
cyflÿm, gyflÿm	quick, fast
cysglÿd, gysglÿd	sleepy
ara’	slow
diog, ddiog	lazy
gwlÿb, wlÿb	wet
sÿch	dry

Pronunciation:
[KOOKH, GOOKH; GLAAS, LAAS; GWIRDH, WIRDH; LHUID, LUID; DII, DHII; GWIN, WIN; BROWN, VROWN; ME-lin, VE-lin; PINGK, BINGK; POR-for, BOR-for; BAAKH, VAAKH; MAUR, VAUR; TRUM, DRUM; Ø-sgavn; BIR, VIR; HIIR; pe-RØ-glis, be-RØ-gli; di-O-gel, dhi-O-gel; TØ-wilh, DØ-wilh; GO-le, O-le; HRØ-vedh, RØ-vedh, HEEN, I-vangk, TEU, DEU; TE-ne, DE-ne, KRIIV, GRIIV; GWAN, WAN; POITH, BOITH; TUIM, DUIM; OIR, LHØ-dan, LØ-dan; KIIL, GIIL, HRAAD, RAAD, SUN-lhid, HRØD-lid, RØD-lid; KØ-vlim, GØ-vlim; KØ-sklid, GØ-sklid; A-ra; DI-og, DHI-og, GWLIIB, WLIIB; SIIKH]

EXERCISE 1:
Translate into English

1 rhÿ goch
2 rhÿ fach
3 rhÿ ysgafn
4 rhÿ beryglus
5 rhÿ dywÿll
6 rhÿ olau
7 rhÿ wan
8 rhÿ ddrud
9 rhÿ sÿch
10 rhÿ hen

ANSWERS TO EXERCISE 1:
1 rhÿ goch :: too red
2 rhÿ fach :: too small, too little
3 rhÿ ysgafn :: too light
4 rhÿ beryglus :: too dangerous
5 rhÿ dywÿll :: too dark
6 rhÿ olau :: too light
7 rhÿ wan :: too weak
8 rhÿ ddrud :: too expensive, dear
9 rhÿ sÿch :: too dry
10 rhÿ hen :: too old

EXERCISE 2:
How do you say in Welsh:

1 too big
2 too yellow
3 too young
4 too fat
5 too small
6 too heavy
7 too white
8 too brown
9 too old
10 too weak
11 too grey
12 too cold
13 too hot
14 too black
15 too pink
16 too strange
17 too short
18 too long
19 too thin
20 too blue

ANSWERS TO EXERCISE 2:
1 too big – rhÿ fawr
2 too yellow – rhÿ felÿn
3 too young – rhÿ ifanc
4 too fat – rhÿ dew
5 too small – rhÿ fach
6 too heavy – rhÿ drwm
7 too white – rhÿ wÿn
8 too brown – rhÿ frown
9 too old – rhÿ hen
10 too weak – rhÿ wan
11 too grey – rhÿ lwÿd
12 too cold – rhÿ oer
13 too hot – rhÿ boeth / rhÿ dwÿm
14 too black – rhÿ ddu
15 too pink – rhÿ binc
16 too strange – rhÿ ryfedd
17 too short – rhÿ fÿr
18 too long – rhÿ hir
19 too thin – rhÿ denau
20 too blue – rhÿ las

Note: In south-east Wales a variant rw [ruu] is used in the traditional Welsh of this region.
rw fawr = too big
rw fÿr = too short

After the linker yn there is no soft mutation
Mae’r tÿ yn fawr = the house is big
Mae’r tÿ yn rhÿ fawr = the house is too big (not *Mae’r tÿ yn rÿ fawr)

EXERCISE 3:

Translate into English:

1 Mae’r adwÿ (= gap) yn gul
2 Mae’r ffoto yn dywÿll
3 Mae’r papur yn llwÿd
(Note: there is no soft mutation of LL or RH after the linker YN)
4 Mae’r bàg (= bag) yn drwm
5 Mae’r ferch yn dew
6 Mae’r twll (= hole) yn llydan
(Note: there is no soft mutation of LL or RH after the linker YN)
7 Mae’r tywÿdd yn oer
8 Mae’r shilff (= shelf) yn fÿr
9 Mae’r ffilm yn hir
10 Mae e’n ddiog
11 Mae’r cyllell yn rhydlÿd
(Note: there is no soft mutation of LL or RH after the linker YN)
12 Mae’r llong yn ara’
13 Mae’r tempo yn gyflÿm
14 Mae’r dÿn yn hen
15 Mae’r heol yn swnllÿd

Pronunciation:
[A-dui; BAG; TULH; SHILF]

ANSWERS TO EXERCISE 3:
1 Mae’r adwÿ yn rhÿ gul The gap is too narrow
2 Mae’r ffoto yn rhÿ dywÿll The photo is too dark
3 Mae’r papur yn rhÿ lwÿd The paper is too grey
4 Mae’r bàg yn rhÿ drwm The bag is too heavy
5 Mae’r ferch yn rhÿ dew The girl is too fat
6 Mae’r twll yn rhÿ lydan The hole is too wide
7 Mae’r tywÿdd yn rhÿ oer The weather is too cold
8 Mae’r shilff yn rhÿ fÿr The shelf is too short
9 Mae’r ffilm yn rhÿ hir The film is too long
10 Mae e’n rhÿ ddiog He’s too lazy
11 Mae’r cyllell yn rhÿ rydlÿd The knife is too rusty
12 Mae’r llong yn rhÿ ara’ The ship is too slow
13 Mae’r tempo yn rhÿ gyflÿm The tempo is too quick
14 Mae’r dÿn yn rhÿ hen The man is too old
15 Mae’r heol yn rhÿ swnllÿd The street is too noisy

EXERCISE 4:
Translate into Welsh:

1 The hat (“yr het”) is too big
2 The shoes (“yr esgidiau”) are too small
3 The box is too heavy
4 The book is too expensive
5 The drink (“y ddiod”) is too hot
6 The race (“y ras”) is too long
7 The rope (“y rhaff”) is too short
8 The ground (“y ddaear”) is too wet
9 The paper is too thin
10 The tea (“y te”) is too strong

Pronunciation:
[HET; e-SKID-ye; DHI-od; RAAS; HRAAF; DHEI-ar; TEE]

ANSWERS TO EXERCISE 4:
Translate into Welsh:
1 The hat is too big Mae’r het yn rhÿ fawr
2 The shoes are too small Mae’r esgidiau yn rhÿ fach
3 The box is too heavy Mae’r bocs yn rhÿ drwm
4 The book is too expensive Mae’r llÿfr yn rhÿ ddrud
5 The drink is too hot Mae’r ddiod yn rhÿ boeth / yn rhÿ dwÿm
6 The race is too long Mae’r ras yn rhÿ hir
7 The rope is too short Mae’r rhaff yn rhÿ fÿr
8 The ground is too wet Mae’r ddaear yn rhÿ wlÿb
9 The paper is too thin Mae’r papur yn rhÿ denau
10 The tea is too strong Mae’r te yn rhÿ grÿf

Diwedd y daflen waith hon / End of this worksheet

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