Place-names.
Origin of the name Brunswick, a town in Missouri.
Enwau lloeoedd. Tarddiad enw Brunswick, tref yn nhalaith Missouri
_____________________________________
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Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia:
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(delwedd 7314)
Text
begins here:
BRUNSWICK,
MISSOURI
A circuitous journey to investigate the origin of the the town name BRUNSWICK,
Missouri.
1/ “Brunswick, England” (1)
2/ James Keyte
3/ “Brunswick, England” (2)
4/ What is Brunswick?
5/ Why Brunswick and not Braunschweig?
6/ Is there a Brunswick Terrace in Manchester?
7/ Why are streets called “Brunswick”? Brunswick Terrace
8/ Why is it “Brunswick Chapel?” Brunswick Wesleyans
9/ Brunswick Terrace Wesleyan Church, Pendleton
10/ Conclusion
1/ “Brunswick, England”
(1)
While researching the history of Welsh settlements or places with Welsh
communities in Missouri (1) I came across a repeated explanation for
the name Brunswick, which lies south of the Welsh settlements, and seeing an
obvious error, I decided to look into it.
(1) (these are listed as the following in an
1872 handbook for would-be Welsh emigrants to America : St. Louis, New Cambria, Bevier, Callao,
Macon City, Brookfield, Chillicothe, Utica, Dawn). Hanes Cymry America yn y
Gorllewin Pell yn Nhalaethau Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota,
Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, California, Oregon a’r Tiriogaethau; 1872; Y
Parch. R[obert] D[avid] Thomas, g. Llan-rŵst
The
map below shows southern Iowa and noerthern Missouri, with the Welsh
settlements in red, above Brunswick.
(delwedd 7815)
Many websites which give a history of Brunswick, Missouri, note that James
Keyte, a Methodist minister, founded the town in 1836. They then explain that
the reason for the name “Brunswick” is that he was a native of “Brunswick,
England”, – as one of these websites puts it, he named it “for his beloved
hometown Brunswick, England”.
Unfortunately this is inaccurate - there was no town or village called
Brunswick in England at that time.
Below are neighbourhoods or villages called Brunswick at the present day, noted
in wikipedia (12-03-2011).
(delwedd 7784)
However these are all fairly recent names – certainly from after the time that
James Keyte emigrated from England.
As we shall see, it is said that the Brunswick he came from was in Manchester.
Intriguingly, it would seem not to be the Brunswick in Manchester marked on
this map.
1 Brunswick Village (Map Reference: Ordnance Survey grid square NZ2732).
Near Newcastle on Tyne. Brunswick Village is a name which replaced the original
village name of Dinnington Colliery. The Colliery site is now Brunswick
Industrial Estate.
2 Brunswick (SJ8596) is an area around Brunswick Street in
Chorlton-on-Medlock in Central Manchester, south of Manchester Piccadilly railway
station. However as a district name it seems to be quite recent.
3 Brunswick (SO9995), Wednesbury. This seems to be used as a short form
of Brunswick Park to refer to the district around the park. The park was opened
to celebrate Queen Victoria’s Golden Jubilee in 1887. It was built on
4 Brunswick (SS6493) A district in the city of Abertawe in Wales
(Swansea in English) is (according to Wikipedia) called Brunswick (though as a
former resident of Abertawe, from Y Brynhyfryd / Mount Pleasant, next to this
supposed district, I never heard it so called. At best “ardal Heol Brunswick”
by careful Welsh speakers, and maybe
some call it “the Brunswick Street area” in English).
5 Brunswick Town, Hove, in the city of Brighton and Hove. Building began
in 1825. Here there are the street names Brunswick Terrace and Brunswick
Square.
2/ James Keyte
The following is known about the Rev. Keyte (from information garnered from
various websites):
He was born on 1 February
James Keyte left England around 1814 (that is, when he was 14 or 15); he was in
St. Louis in 1818 (when he was 18 or 19). On another website it is said he
arrived in the USA in 1819.
He came along with his mother Rebecca (or Rebeckah) Keyte, a sister called Sara
and a brother called William A.
They were Wesleyans; the mother had been converted to the faith in City Road
Chapel (2) in London through the
preaching of John Wesley.
(2) Opened in 1778. The chapel is still in use.
Also here is the Museum of Methodism and John Wesley’s House. (Source:
Wikipedia. Wesley’s House)
Sara and James had been converted to the Wesleyan faith through the
preaching of Dr. Adam Clarke (3).
(3) Adam Clarke, (1760 / 1762 – 1832)
Born in Maigh Beag Corr Liath in Ireland. Methodist theologian and Biblical
scholar, author of a famed Biblical Commentary.
In St. Louis James Keyte was involved in merchandising, with John O'Fallon, as
well as being a Methodist preacher.
In 1821 (at the age of 21 or 22) he was appointed to the Boonslick Circuit,
serving as a pastor to the scattered population of Chariton County, Howard
County, and part of Randolph and Boone Counties. He moved from St. Louis to
Chariton. As a circuit-riding preacher he came to know Chariton County well,
and he began to purchase land there in 1830 (at the age of 30 or 31).
(delwedd 7818)
The town of Chariton (now referred to as “Old Chariton” and no longer in
existence), the county seat, was sited at the mouth of the Chariton river where
it flows into the Missouri. It was too near the water’s edge, and repeated
flooding eventually led to its complete abandonment by 1840.
(delwedd 7814)
Keyte offered the county higher land for a new county seat. Here he founded
Keytesville in 1832 (at the age of 32 or 33), becoming its postmaster. In 1833
Keytesville was designated as the county seat of Chariton County.
(Historical, Pictorial and Biographical Record of Chariton County, Missouri.
Salisbury. Pictorial and Biographical Publishing Co., 1896) Keytesville, the
county seat of Chariton county, and a beautiful and substantial city of
enterprise, happy homes and cultured people, situated near the central part of
the county,
Four years later, in 1836 (at the age of 36 or 37), James Keyte founded
Brunswick. He gave over the Keytesville post office to his sister, and became
postmaster of Brunswick.
.
It seems that from 1828 (at the age of 28 or 29) onwards he had become more of
an entrepreneur and less of a preacher. He died of cholera in 1844 (at the age
of 44 or 45) when travelling by steamboat from St. Louis to back to Brunswick.
3/ “Brunswick, England”
(2)
Why is it said in modern publications or on websites that James Keyte is from a
town called Brunswick in England, although there is no town of this name?
The error can be traced to a book from 1883:
HISTORY OF HOWARD & CHARITON COUNTIES, MISSOURI, WRITTEN AND COMPILED FROM
THE MOST OFFICIAL AUTHENTIC AND PRIVATE SOURCES. NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMPANY.
1883
This town (= Brunswick) was laid out by James Keyte, in 1836, on the
northwestern quarter of section 11, township 53, range 20, which was at that
time one mile below the mouth of the Grand river. James Keyte was also the
founder of Keytesville, the county seat of Chariton county, for whom the town
was named. Brunswick, when originally laid out, was located in the bottom, on
the banks of the Missouri river, and about four hundred yards south of the
present site... Mr. Keyte, who was an Englishman, named the town after Brunswick
(Tennis), near Manchester, England. The first house built in Brunswick, was
a log house, erected by James Keyte, which was used as a store of general
merchandise.
It is repeated in a book from 1896:
HISTORICAL, PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD OF CHARITON COUNTY, MISSOURI.
1896 Part II, pp. 231;
Brunswick, the second town in Chariton county, in point of population an
age, was laid out in section 11, township 53, range
The meaningless “Brunswick (Tennis)”
seems to be a curious misreading of “Brunswick Terrace”.
An enquiry posted on the LANCSGEN genealogy website (1999-02 > 0919266319)
Wed, 17 Feb 1999 “Surname KEYTE in Manchester early 1800's” refers to
“Brunswick Terrace”.
Perhaps someone can put me on the right track to gain new information. What
I have is James KEYTE, born in Manchester, 1 February 1799. We know that he
went to the US with his mother and sister, got to Virginia and obtained a wife,
and was in St. Louis, Missouri, by 1818. The Keytes were Methodists. In
references to him a place called Brunswick,or Brunswick Terrace, in or near
Manchester, always appears.
4/ What is Brunswick?
As a mark of deference or respect to the English monarch, names alluding to
them were often given to buildings and streets in England, and the neighbouring
countries incorporated into the English state (Scotland, Wales, Cornwall,
Ireland). Monarchical names were also given to settlements and territories in
the English colonies.
Brunswick was used (along with Hanover and George) to honour English
monarchs who were of the German House of Hanover, especially George I,
George II and George III.
Georg Ludwig (1660-1727) was born in Osnabrück, in what today is
Germany, son of Ernst August, Duke of Braunschweig und Lüneburg. The
Duchy was so called from the names of the two largest towns within it.
On the death of Ernst August, in 1698, his son Georg Ludwig
became the new Duke of Braunschweig und Lüneberg, at the age of 38.
In 1714, Queen Anne of England, Scotland and Ireland died. She had been
brought up as a Protestant. England now regarded itself as a Protestant
country, and a successor who was not a Catholic was sought.
The Act of Settlement of 1701 prohibited Catholics from ascending to the
English throne, and so although there were over fifty Catholics who by their
blood relationship had more right to become King or Queen of England, Georg
Ludwig was the nearest in the line of succession who was a Protestant.
At the age of
This German family was known as the House of Hanover, and also House of
Brunswick, Hanover Line (the name has only one ‘n’ in English; in German it is
Hannover, with two ns).
For
one hundred and twenty-three years, from 1814-1837, the King of England was
also the King of Hanover
Six English monarchs were members of this German family:
George I (king 1714-1727)
George II (king 1727-1760)
George III (king 1760-1820)
George IV (king 1820-1830)
William III (king 1830-1837)
Victoria (queen 1837-1901)
Hanover is to be found as the name of a town or township in many
states of the USA – in Indiana, Illinois, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,
Maryland, Massachussetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia.,
and in the provinces of Ontario and Manitoba in Canada.
Many of these Hanovers are from the pre-Independence era and honour the figure
of the English King in what was at the time English territory.
After 1776 such names given to new settlements would seem to have been given by
German immigrants (As in Hanover, Minnesota – founded in 1877 by the Vollbrecht
brothers, named after their place of birth in what is now Germany). (Minnesota
place names / Warren Upham).
This display of loyalty to the English monarch is found in the names King
George County, Virginia, (from George I). Also Georgetown
in South Carolina, and the state of Georgia (1732),
both for George II of England.
In the same way, Brunswick was also used as the name for this
same royal house.
The
town of Brunswick in South Carolina was laid out by Maurice
Moore, the son of the governor James Moore, in 1725. He named it in honour of
King George I.
New Brunswick in New
Jersey was granted a Royal Charter in 1730 by King George II.
There
is also the province name of New Brunswick in Canada. The area
was previously part of the French territory of Acadie, and became an English
possession after the Seven Years’ War (1756-1763), during the reign of George
III.
In Australia, an inner northern suburb
of Melbourne, in the state of Victoria, is called Brunswick.
It seems that although this is also named after the same German royal house, in
this case it is Caroline of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, for the wronged wife
of George IV.
In 1839 the Australian government had the land surveyed and marked out, and
then put it up for sale. Speculators bought most of it.
Just one buyer settled on the land he had bought, and that was only
temporarily, in order to supervise its division into lots. James Simpson marked
out two streets, which he called after two Welsh towns : Carmarthen (the
Englished form of Caerfyrddin) and Llandillo (an Englished form of Llandeilo).
But his land was marshy and he was unable to sell the lots. A certain Thomas
Wilkinson bought part of this land (in 1840?) which had already been divided
into lots, and renamed the streets Victoria Street and Albert Street. Victoria
had become the Queen of England in 1837, and had married her German first cousin
Albert in 1840.
In 1841 the first church was opened on land donated by Thomas Wilkinson. It was
a Wesleyan Chapel.
The town was called Brunswick. (A plaque in Brunswick says, “Brunswick was
named in 1846 from a house built on this site, which was owned and occupied by
Thomas Wilkinson “Father of Brunswick” and named after Caroline Duchess of
Brunswick wife of King George IV of England.”)
A wikipedia article on the town states that Wilkinson had been an active
campaigner for the rights of Caroline of Brunswick and had named his estate in
her honour. Caroline (1768-1821) had been popular with the English public and
supported by them in her oppostion to her husband George IV, who was extremely
unpopular for his extravagant and dissolute way of life, his unreliablity and
lack of leadership, and for the contempt in which he held his wife.
5/ Why Brunswick and
not Braunschweig?
The modern German language is really a “Shriftsprache” (basically a common
written language with which it was possible to bridge the differences between
the many German dialects) which became a “Lautsprache” (it began to be used as
a spoken medium).
The present-day German language owes much to Martin Luther (1483 –
1546), the priest and theology professor who was the initiator of the
Protestant Reformation
The Catholic Church believed that the Bible could only be revealed to the
populace through its own officers, and that the language could be no other than
Latin.
The Protestant reformers believed that the Church had no right to prevent
ordinary people from reading the Bible themselves, and in their own language.
The Luther translation of the Bible (printed in 1534) created modern German.
Luther based the language which he intended to be accessible to all Germans
partly on his own speech – he was from Saxony, born in Eisleben (east of
Leipzig on the map below) and living in Wittenberg, and the language of the
area was east-central German. The language of the Bible was also partly based
on a form of this same Saxon dialect of German used by some adminstrations in
the German-speaking territories as a proto-standard or referential German (sächsische
Kanzleisprache, also known as Meissner-Deutsch, after the city of
Meissen – noeth-west of Dresden on the map).
As
such it formed a bridge between Upper German and Lower German.
(delwedd 7786)
Central German and Upper German could be considered as a unit in contrast to
Lower German, which was quite different.
(delwedd 7819)
The
language that Luther used in the Bible was not a kind of German that anybody
spoke at that time, but it has shaped modern German in its own image. Standard
German has replaced local German in the big cities, and in the Lower German
speech area (arguably a different language) standard German is quickly taking
the place of Lower German.
Lower German has lost prestige over the past couple of centuries and is rapidly
being abandoned as the usual spoken form. The exception is in the Netherlands
and Belgium, where this language is known as Nederlands, the language of
the “Lower Lands” or the Low Countries, or to us as Dutch.
Until a century or so ago, the population of this area of what is today Germany
would all have spoken Lower German, known also as Plattdüütsch (Flat German, or
German of the northen flatlands).
Place names of the area are nowadays written in Standard German, though
locally, in Lower German, they have a different form, or are pronounced
differently even though they might be spelt the same in Standard and in Lower
German e.g. Rostock.
(delwedd 7783)
Here is a list of the Lower German (or Lowland German) names which appear on
the map side by side with the Standard
German equivalent:
Brannenborg / Brandenburg
Bremen / Bremen
Bronswiek [ˡbrɔˑnsviːk] / Braunschweig
Hamburg / Hamborg
Hannober (also: Hannower) / Hannover
Kiel / Kiel
Lümborg / Lüneberg
Meideborg / Magdeburg
Mönster / Münster
Ossenbrügge / Osnabrück
Rostock / Rostock
Wulfenbüttel / Wolfenbüttel.
As the list shows, Braunschweig is Bronsweik locally (there are a couple of slight
variants of this); in Dutch, an eastern form of Lowland German, it is
Brunswijk.
Brunswick, the English name of today’s Braunschweig, is ultimately from a
Lowland German or Dutch form of the city’s name.
6/ Is there a Brunswick
Terrace in Manchester?
Although there is nowadays a district called Brunswick near Manchester
Piccadilly railway station, it refers really to the area around Brunswick
Street (that is, Brunswick Street is not so called because it is in a district
called Brunswick, but rather Brunswick referring to the area is a clipped form
of Brunswick Street. Whether or not the name is in general use as a district
name would need to be confirmed). This is not the origin of Brunswick,
Missouri, however. There was no Brunswick Terrace here.
Not far from here, though, in Pendleton, to the north-west of Manchester city
centre (top left in the map below), there was at one time a street with this
name.
(delwedd 7790)
Two miles from the centre is what was the village of Pendleton – until
Nowadays there is no Brunswick Terrace here, but such a street appears, for
example, in the 1871 Census, and the
name is also to be seen in trade directories of the time. It was part of Broad
Street (which still exists) at its junction with Strawberry Road (also still in
existence), though the old buildings have disappeared and the houses there are
all fairly new.
(delwedd 7816a)
7/Why are streets called “Brunswick”? Brunswick Terrace
Many streets in England from the late 1700s to the early 1800s have the element
Brunswick. Such are: Brunswick Street, Brunswick Road, Brunswick Square,
Brunswick Terrace, Brunswick Place, etc.
Examples of Brunswick Terrace
Examples of it are to be found in: Accrington, Bacup [Stacksteads], Bradford,
Cheltenham, Devonport, Doncaster, Hove, Hull [Springbank], Leamington, Leeds,
Liverpool [Kirkdale], London [Lambeth], Manchester [Pendleton], Norwich,
Plymouth, Scarborough,. Stafford, Torquay, Tunbridge, Uxbridge, Wednesbury, and
Weymouth. Also in Scotland: Edinburgh
(delwedd 7817)
“Terrace” was a common name for terraced streets (American: row-houses) built
for workers in the 1800s, and such streets were usually poorly set out and of
inferior construction. The examples of “Brunswick Terrace” above are probably
all from an earlier period – pre-1800 – when a terrace was altogether grander,
built in an elegant Georgian style, and for the well-off.
However, it seems that some streets may have been called after Wesleyan
Methodist Chapels, many of them being known as “Brunswick Chapel”.
And
it may be that Brunswick Terrace in Pendleton was built at the same time as the
Wesleyan Chapel that was there, and that it took its name from the chapel.
It
seems that in Bramley, Leeds, where the Brunswick Wesleyan Chapel was built in
1823, houses and chapels were constructed at the same time. Next to the chapel
is Wesley Terrace – this would be an example of the chapel being the origin of
surrounding street names.
The
Bramley terraces are for the lower classes, and are not the grand terraces of
the well-to-do.
8/ Why did the
Wesleyans call their churches “Brunswick Chapel?”
Searching here and there on the Internet a number of “Brunswick Wesleyan
Methodist Chapels” appear. In some cases the date of their founding is
mentioned.
1819: LONDON
Brunswick Methodist Chapel, Colt Road, Limehouse, London (1819—1965)
1823 LEEDS Brunswick Wesleyan Chapel, Upper Town Street (Bramley)
1826 LONDON
Brunswick Chapel in Upper Berkley Street, London.
1828 RUNCORN
Brunswick Wesleyan Methodist chapel opened
1861 OLDHAM
In 1861 the foundations where laid for one of the largest churches in
Oldham: Brunswick Wesleyan Methodist church which opened in 1862.
Other “Brunswick Wesleyan Methodist Chapels” are to be found in in Whitby,
Bristol, Birkenhead, Liverpool, Stockton on Tees, Sutton by Macclesfield,
Newcastle upon Tyne.
(delwedd
7817)
In the Welsh Wesleyan magazine Bathafarn (Journal of the Historical
Society of the Methodist Church in Wales; Cyfrol / Volume 3; 1948) there is a
paragraph that refers to this use of the name Brunswick.
Ond ynglŷn â'r mudiad i estyn y bleidlais, a symud ymlaen tua
democratiaeth yn y wlad hon, yr oedd arweinwyr Wesleaeth yn gadarn yn ei erbyn
o'r cychwyn. Pan fu farw John Wesley, yr oedd y Chwyldro yn Ffrainc newydd
ddechrau, a'r Llywodraeth yn erlid pob symudiad amheus, ac yr oedd y Wesleaid
yn bryderus iawn yn ceisio argyhoeddi y Llywodraeth fod yr enwad yn ffyddlon
i‘r brenin, ac nid yn dilyn y bobl wyllt hynny yn Ffrainc. Dyna paham y mae
gennych gymaint o Gapeli Brunswick yma a thraw o gwmpas y wlad, wedi eu henwi
ar enw'r teulu brenhinol,Brunswick. (Wesleaeth a Chymdeithas Hyd at 1848.David
Thomas, M.A. Bangor)
But as for the movement to extend the vote, and to move towards democracy in
this country, leaders of Wesleyism were strongly against it from the start.
When John Wesley died [1791], the French Revolution [1789-99] had just started , and the government clamped down on every
suspicious movement, and the Wesleyans were very worried trying to convince the
government that the denomination was loyal to the king, and didn’t follow those
wild people in France. That’s why you have so many Brunswick Chapels here and
there around the country, called after the name of the royal family, Brunswick.
9/ Brunswick Terrace
Wesleyan Church, Pendleton
This Pendleton chaoel is mentioned in a book entitled Manchester: its
political, social and commercial history, ancient and modern. James Wheeler (of
Prestwich) 1836, under the main heading of ”CHAPELS, &C., IN MANCHESTER AND
SALFORD”, and the sub-heading of “Wesleyan Methodists”.
The list of Wesleyan chapels is as follows:
Where Situate. / Sittings.
Oldham-street / 1700
Great Bridgewater-street / 800
Oldham-road / 800
Gatrix’s Gardens / -
Ancoats / 1000
Oxford-road / 1000
Grosvenor-street, Oxford-road / 1100
Irwell-street, Salford / 1000
Gravel-lane, d[itt]o / 1200
Brunswick-terrace,
Pendleton 600
Chancery-lane, Ardwick
Interestingly, there is a passage from the same book noting visits to Salford
by John Wesley himself, in 1747, and thrity-five years later in 1782, and in
Manchester yet again in 1783 and 1787, and on later occasions too. But this was
some time before Brunswick Chapel was built (in 1814).
About the year 1746-7 Methodism had its origin here, when some young men
“begun [sic] a society and took a room” near the Irwell river, on or near the
present site of Bateman’s Buildings. Wesley had previously visited the town on
several occasions. He had a friend in the Rev. J. Clayton, Chaplain and
afterwards Fellow of the Collegiate Church, whom he first met in 1732, and
induced to join a Methodist Society in Oxford, then having only about a dozen
members. He was also intimate with Mr. John Byrom, of Kersal Hall. In 1733 he
visited Manchester twice, and preached both at the Collegiate Church and at St.
Ann’s. In 1735, on the occasion of a visit to consult his friends on a
newly-formed project of going out a missionary to Georgia, he preached in
Salford Chapel. Whitfield also visited the town about the same time. Methodists
obtained several disciples in this county and Cheshire, but few persons joined
the society in Manchester; its members were in bad odour with the populace, who
suspected that they were emissaries of the Pretender (4)
. Wesley himself was indecorously treated by the multitude: preaching at
Salford Cross in 1747, he looked with great apprehension on the “unbroken
spirits” around him, one o whom threatened to “bring ou the engine” and play it
upon him. In April, 1782, we read of his again being in Manchester; in May,
1783, he preached in Oldham-street Chapel; in July 1787, he held his annual
conference in Manchester, which 150 preachers attended. A local print states
that “Mr. Wesley preached on Sunday last in the Meeting House, and waiving all
religious opinions, it was truly pleasing to see a clergyman at the great age
of eighty-five delivering a discourse without notes, clear and rational in
itself, with the strength of voice of a man thirty years younger; and what is
more extraordinary, he does not use glasses to assist his sight in reading.
Though so far advanced in life, he still continues his course of travelling,
and in all probability by the regularity which he has pursued so long his
health and faculties may be preserved for a number of years.” He paid
subsequent visits to Manchester and to neighbouring districts. In a sermon
which he preached at Bradford in 1788, he predicted the world would end in 1836!
(4) Charles Edward Stuart, “Bonnie Prince
Charlie”, (in Scottish Gaelic, Prionnsa Teàrlach Eideard Stìubhart, Prionnsa
Teàrlach Bòidheach) the would-be Charles III of England, Scotland and Ireland,
barred from becoming king because he was a Catholic
On the website “Churches - Lancashire OnLine Parish Clerk Project” There
appears the note (referring to this same chapel in Brunswick Terrace): Brunswick
Chapel, Broad Street, Pendleton, M6. Brunswick Chapel is located at
OS Grid Reference - SJ 813993. Founded in 1814. Closed in 1977.
10/ Conclusion.
The Wesleyan chapel in Brunswick Terrace, Pendleton, Manchester was built in
1814.
Was
the chapel built in a street already known by the name of Brunswick Terrace, in
honour of George III (king for sixty years from 1760-1820), and so took its
name from the street?
Or was the chapel a “Brunswick Wesleyan” chapel which conversely gave its name
to the street?
If, as it appears, Brunswick, Missouri, takes its name from Brunswick Terrace
in Pendleton, Manchester, it would seem to be for some connection with the
Wesleyan Methodist chapel. Possibly the family had attended it after its
inauguration, shortly before emigrating.
James Keyte is said to have been born in 1799, and to have emigrated to the USA
sometime around 1814 (according to one source) and 1819 (according to another),
and the chapel had been inaugurated in 1814. Inauguration and emigration dates
coincide if there is a connection to be made.
Might this in fact have been the place of worship that James and his sister
Sara, as adolescents, had attended after being converted to the Wesleyan faith
through the preaching of Dr. Adam Clarke (1760 / 1762 – 1832)?
It seems fair to assume that Brunswick, Missouri, has a link to the now
demolished Wesleyan chapel in the street called Brunswick Terrace, which no
longer exists either, in Pendleton, Manchester.
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Ble’r
wyf i? Yr ych chi’n ymwéld ag un o dudalennau’r Gwefan “CYMRU-CATALONIA”
On sóc? Esteu visitant una pàgina de la Web “CYMRU-CATALONIA” (= Gal·les-Catalunya)
Weə(r) àm ai? Yùu àa(r) vízïting ə peij fròm dhə
“CYMRU-CATALONIA” (= Weilz-Katəlóuniə) Wéb-sait
Where am I? You are visiting a page from the “CYMRU-CATALONIA” (=
Wales-Catalonia) Website
CYMRU-CATALONIA
diwedd / fi