kimkat0231e Geiriadur Cymraeg
(Gwenhwyseg)-Saesneg / Welsh (Gwentian dialect) – English Dictionary.
22-12-2017
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Gwefan
Cymru-Catalonia
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.....
Cliciwch
ar y delwedd uchod i fynd at brif dudalen “Tafodiaith Wenhwyseg y Gymraeg” (yn
Saesneg)
Clique
sobre l’imatge a dalt per anar a la pàgina principal (en anglès) del “Dialecte
güentià del gal·lès”
Click
on the image above to go the the main page (in English) of
“The Gwentian Dialect of Welsh”
....
(delwedd 5781f2)
...
The main
purpose of this dictionary is to give an approximation of ‘Gwentian’ Welsh (the
Welsh of the former counties of Sir Forgannwg / Glamorganshire and Sir Fynwy /
Monmouthshire) which might serve to read texts written in the dialect.
Prif amcan y geiriadur hwn yw rhoi
braslun neu amlinelliad o’r Wenhwyseg (Cymraeg hen siroedd Morgannwg and Mynwy)
a all fod o fudd wrth ddarllen ysgrifau
yn y dafodiaith honno.
Here is a list of material in Gwentian or about Gwentian on this website : Dyma restr o ddeunydd yn y dafodiaith neu
sydd yn ymwneud â hi:
kimkat1094e www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_llyfrau-yn-y-wefan-hon_mynegai_0194e.htm
....
mwn bri mawr in great favour, very much esteemed
yn y prentra 'yn
dynnon diarth
ni
Dici ni
oodar ma fa yn y ffactri
yn y colij
dod i fri yto regain its popularity
odd bri mawr ar steddfota very popular
torri i lawr yn i ddagra
a Final-syllable
[a] corresponds to
1/ etymological E [ɛ] in the standard language: llygoden > llygōtan (= mouse)
2/
in other dialects, [ɛ] which is a reduction of the diphthong AI [ai] in
the standard language: cadair >
cātar (= chair)
3/ in other dialects, [ɛ] which is a reduction of the diphthong AE [ai] in
the standard language: gafael >
gāfal (= to grasp)
4/ in other dialects, [ɛ] which is a reduction of the diphthong AU [ai] in
the standard language: darnau > darna
(= pieces)
à (pronoun) he
ōdd à īsha ī fi * fynd
ī’r shop newydd he wanted me to go to the new shop
A form of fà
à In standard Welsh and in ‘standardised Gwentian’, this
represents a short vowel [a] in an environment where the vowel would be long.
Usually these are words taken from Enlgish – bàg, pŵr dàb, etc.
1/ In this form of ‘standardised’ Gwentian, at least for the purposes of this
dictionary, the vowel in open syllables in monosyllables (i.e. no final
consonant or consonant cluster) is also marked in this way
à [a] he
àb [ab] (in patronymics) son
fà [va] he
chà [xa] bring (< dewch â)
ddà [ða] I shall (< ddà i < bydda i)
mà [ma] clipped form of yma = here
mà [ma] clipped form of dyma = here’s (literally: ‘here you
see’)
mà [ma] = mae there is, is
nà [na] clipped form of yna =
there
nà [na] clipped form of dyna = there’s (literally: ‘there you see’)
sà as if
wyrthin
fel sà collad arno laugh as though he was
mad (‘as if there was a madness on him’)
shà [ʃa] to,
towards
tà pīn however
tà prȳd
[ta ‘pri:d] whenever
2/
Also in words with an original long vowel but which is not usually emphasised
i.e. a vowel shortened in a pretonic syllable
àb [ab] son (in patronymics) < fāb [va:b] < māb [ma:b]
3/ And in common with standard Welsh spelling (though usually not adhered to
except in dictionaries) where an ‘a’ is short though the orthographical pattern
or orthographical environment suggests it should be long. Such words are
usually loans from English.
pw̄r
dàb [pu:r ˡdab] poor creature, poor
thing
ā [a:,
a] (conj) and (=
a, ac [a:, a:g])
In
Gwentian, ‘a’ often used instead of standard ‘ac’ [a:g, ag] (i.e. before a
vowel)
nawr ā yn y man now and then
àb [ab] (nm) son (= ab) [ab]]
Origin: māb [ma:b] (= son) > àb
[ab] (son, in patronymics)
(or ap [ap], an archaic spelling of àb).
àb Gwīlym (Son of Gwilym /
William)
Pseudonym of a bard who was the author of an English-language poem ‘A Song To
Mr David Davies. In commemoration of his Purchase of the Penydarren Iron Works’.
"We praise the gallant soldier who wins undying fame, We laud the skilful
statesman who preserves the British name;...” The Merthyr Telegraph and General Advertiser for the
Iron Districts of South Wales. 28th November 1863
āber [ˡa·bɛr] (nm) 1/ confluence
(where a minor stream joins a larger stream) 2/ river mouth (where a river
enters the sea) (=
ambell
[ [ˡambɛɬ]]
In place-names beginning with ‘aber’ in Gwentian the initial vowel,
which is unaccented, drops away (a very common phenomenon in spoken
Welsh)
(2) the vowel in the pretonic syllable drops away to give a consonant
cluster br- before a
vowel
Aberaman > Beraman
> Braman
Aberōgwr
/ Aberōcwr > Berōcwr
> Brōcwr
Before a consonant, aber > ber > byr
Byr-dɛ̄r for Aber-dɛ̄r
Abercannid [abɛrˡkanɪd] (nf) village name (= Abercannaid [abɛrˡkanaɪd])
Clipped
form: Bercannid [bɛrˡkanɪd]
-ach [ax]
(suffix) diminutive; plural or collective; usually added to plural forms
bechgynach
[bɛxˡgənax] lads (in this case the plural diminutive suffix -ach
suggests disapproval, criticism)
crāchach petty gentry; said of
people who are pompous, snooty, high-and-mighty, stuck-up
merchētach young women
pēthach things, ‘little things’
(?péthau + ach > pethéuach > péthach)
acha [ˡaxa] (prep) on, on top of (= ar [ar])
See: ar uchaf (on, on top of)
acha
pen ty =
on the top of a house
Used only with indefinite nouns. With definite nouns ar is
used.
Cf the preposition mewn = in (with indefinite nouns), yn (with
definite nouns) ar uchaf [ar-î-khav] (preposition)
From ar + uchaf = on + (the) topmost (part) (of)
āchwn [ˡa·xʊn] (v) complain (= achwyn [ˡa·xuin])
Also achwin [ˡaxwɪn]
ācor [ˡa·kɔr] (v) open (= agor [ˡa·gɔr])
ācor i llycid open her eyes,
open their eyes
(Other spellings and forms: acor, acoras)
ācos [ˡa·kɔs] (adj) near (= agos [ˡa·gɔs]
(Other spellings and forms: acos)
acshwn [ˡakʃʊn] (eg) action (= gweithrediad [gwəɪθˡrɛdjad])
acshwna [akˡʃʊna] (pl) (= gweithrediadau [gwəɪθrɛdˡja·daɪ])
dōd ī acshwn come into
action
From English ACTION
adfértismant [adˡvərtismant] (nm) advertisement (= hysbyseb [həsˡbəsɛb])
adfértismants [adˡvərtismants] (= hysbysebion [həsbəˡsɛbjɔn])
ai [aɪ]
in
a final-syllable in standard Welsh is often i [ɪ] in Gwentian
Abercannaid > Abercannid / Bercannid
darllain (= darllen) > darllin
defaid > defid (= sheep, ovine animals)
enaid > enid (= soul)
mantais > montish (= advantage)
noswaith > noswith (= evening)
tamaid > tamid (= little bit)
Tonyrefail > Tonrefil (place name; greensward by the smithy)
unwaith > inwith (= once)
ala / hala [ˡala,
ˡhala] (v) spend (= gwario [ˡgwarjɔ]); send (= anfon [ˡanvɔn])
Origin: hala > ala; hala is a southern variant of hela, now generally hel [hɛl] in the north = to hunt; to collect.
From ‘helgh-’ (= hunting, chasing), cognate with Irish sealg (= hunting)
’ala arian to spend money
’ala amsar to spend time
ālan / hālan [ˡa·lan,
ˡha·lan] (nm) salt (= halen [ˡha·lɛn])
Origin: hālen > ’ālan > ’ālan
aliar / haliar [ˡaljar,
ˡhaljar] (nm) haulier; mineworker in charge of mine carts (or
mine tubs) and horses (= halier [ˡhaljɛr])
aliarz [ˡaljarz] (pl) hauliers (= haliers [ˡhaljɛrs])
From English HALLIER
1/
Gallier or hallier: one who keeps teams for hire. Glossary Of Provincial Words
Used In Herefordshire And Some Of The Adjoining Counties. Sir George Cornewall
Lewis. 1839.
2/ (Worcestershire): Upton on Severn Words and Phrases. Robert Lawson. English
Dialect Society. 1884. HĂLLIER, or ĂLLIER, n. One
who draws coal, timber, bricks, etc.
(delwedd B0440)
(Other spellings: halier, alier, haliar: English: hallier, allier, gallier)
alibalŵ / halibalŵ [alɪbaˡlu:,
halɪbaˡlu:] (nf) hullabaloo (= cynnwrf [ˡkənʊrv])
From English HULLABALOO
alio / halio [ˡaljɔ,
ˡhaljɔ] (v) 1/ lead a horse in a coalmine 2/ haul, draw, pull
(= halio
[ˡhaljɔ])
alio glō haul coal
alio dramz haul coal trams / coal
carts / coal trucks / coal tubs
Origin: HALIO > ALIO.
From English HALE older pronunciation [ha:l], now [heɪl] (v) 1/ force,
compel, oblige (sb) to go (to a place); she was haled out of her cottage by the
mob; he was haled before a judge; he was haled to prison, etc 2/ haul, pull
(especially in nautical language). They haled the net full of fish onto the
deck; to hale the ropes in a ship. In
English (HALEN) 1100+ < Middle French HALER < Germanic. Cf Dutch HALEN (=
bring, fetch, get), German HOLEN (= fetch), Old English GEHOLIAN (= get,
obtain). Modern French HALER (v) (= tow (e.g. a canal boat with horses on a
towpath); pull hard on a rope.
altro [ˡaltrɔ] (v) alter, change (= newid [ˡne·wɪd])
English ALTER (older pronunciation [ˡaltər], now [ˡɔltə, ˡɔːltə]) (ALTER) + (-IO) > ÁLT’RIO > ALT’R’O / ALTRO.
Also oltro [ˡɔltrɔ], showing the later (and present-day) English
pronunciation.
alws [ˡa·lʊs] (pl) aloes (= alwys [ˡalʊɪs])
plastar o alws aloe plaster
am / ham [am, ham] (nm) ham (= ham [ham])
From English HAM (= cut of meat from a pig’s hindquarters) < HAM (= back
part of the leg above the knee) < Old English HAMM (= bend of the knee, back
of the knee) < a Germanic root meaning ‘bent, crooked. Cf Welsh CAM (=
crooked).
ama [ˡama]
(v) 1/ doubt 2/ suspect 3/ disbelieve, not accept as true (= amau [ˡamaɪ])
amal [ˡamal] (adj) frequent (= aml [ˡamal])
amball [ˡambaɬ] (adj) occasional (= ambell [ [ˡambɛɬ]]
amrantad [amˡrantad] (nm) instant (= amrantiad [ [amˡrantjad])
Also: rantad [ˡrantad]
amrantad llycad blink of an eye
ORIGIN:
(= blink of an eyelid) (AMRANT = eyelid) + (-IAD suffix). See GPC:
amrentyn [amˡrɛntɪn] (nm) instant (= eiliad [ˡəiljad])
ORIGIN:
(= blink of an eyelid) (AMRANT = eyelid) + (vowel affection A > E) + (-YN
diminutive suffix). See GPC:
amsar [ˡamsar] (nm) time (= amser [ˡamsɛr])
amsēra#
[amˡse·ra] (pl) (= amserau [anˡse·raɪ])
bōb amsar always (‘very time’)
ar amsar fel ’yn at a time like this
amsar dw^r y môr time to go to the spas in mid-Wales, spa season
ānas / hanas [ˡa·nas,
ˡha·nas]
(nf) story; history (= hanes [ˡha·nɛs])
nm in North Wales and standard Welsh
ancomon [anˡkɔmɔn] (adj) uncommon, extraodinary, exceptional (= hynod [ˡhənɔd]), anghyffredin [aŋhəˡfre·dɪn], anghomon [aˡŋhɔmɔn],)
dɛ̄ ancomon
exceptionally good
andlo / handlo [ˡandlɔ,
ˡhandlɔ]
(v) handle (= trafod
[ˡtra·vɔd])
From English HANDLE (HANDL) + (-O) > HANDLO (> Gwentian ANDLO)
andras
[ˡandras] (v) handle (= anras [ˡanras])
(an = negative prefix) + soft mutation + (gras =
grace) > anras (obsolete, = devil, demon) > andras
The inclusion
of a [d] in the cluster –nr- occurs colloquially in some other words in Welsh;
In modern Welsh, andros < andras is used in the North
(with a change in the final vowel), meaning ‘great’ (andros o ffwl =
great idiot) or intensifying an interrogative (pam andros...? = why
the hell...?)
ETYMOLOGY:
“misfortune; wickedness, evil”
anesmwth [anˡɛsmʊθ] (adj) ill at ease, anxious (= anesmwyth [anˡɛsmʊiθ])
timlo’n anesmwth reit feel very
anxious
angal [ˡaŋgal] (nm) angle (= angl [ˡaŋgal]
angladd [ˡaŋlað] (nm) funeral, burial (= angladd [ˡaŋlað], cynhebrwng,
claddedigaeth)
Also: angla’ [ˡaŋla]
PLURAL: angladda [aŋˡla·ða] (= angladdau [aŋˡla·ðaɪ])
cɛ̄l angladd lluosog have a well-attended funmeral
angyffre*tin [aŋəˡfre·tɪn] (adj) extraodinary, exceptional (= anghyffredin
[aŋhəˡfre·dɪn])
dɛ̄ angyffre*tin
exceptionally good
Also the synonym: ancomon
(= uncommon)
annar / hannar [ˡanar, ˡhanar] (nm) half (= hanner [ˡhanɛr])
HANNER > HANNAR (in Gwentian final ‘e’ becomes ‘a’) > ANNAR (in Gwentian
there is a loss of an initial ‘h’)
anne*pyg [aˡne·pɪg] (adj) unlike (= annhebyg [aˡnhe·bɪg])
mōr annēpyg â dŵr ā thɛ̄n as different as chalk and cheese (‘as different as water and fire’)
Welsh (AN- = negative prefix) + (nasal mutation T > NH) + (TEBYG = like)
> ANNHEBYG (> Gwentian ANNHEPYG > ANNEPYG)
annîpan [aˡni·pan] (adj) untidy, disordered, messy (= aflêr
[aˡvle:r], anniben [aˡni·bɛn])
Welsh (AN- = negative prefix) + (nasal mutation D > N) + (DIBEN = end,
conclusion) > ANNIBEN (> Gwentian ANNIPAN)
annwd [ˡanʊd] (nm) a cold (= annwyd [ˡanuɪd])
cɛ̄l annwd catch a cold, get a cold
annwl [ˡanʊl] (adj) dear (= annwyl [ˡanuɪl])
ap [ap] (nm) son. See àb
āpal [ˡa·pal] (adj) able, having the ability to, capable (= abl [ˡa·bal])
aplach [ˡaplax] more able
apla [ˡapla] the most able
ar [ar] (prep) 1/on (= ar [ar]) 1/ on
2/ used with the names of certain places where standard Welsh would use yn (= in). This usage has sometimes
passed over into ‘Wenglish’ (the transition English dialect of the Gwentian
areas which retains features of Gwentian Welsh)
ar y Coeca in Coeca / Coetgae
(Wenglish ‘on the Coica’)
ar y Bēdda
in Y Beddau (Tarian y Gweithiwr / 20 Chwefror 1908: ar y Beddau)
ar y Cēfan in Cefncoedycymer /
in Cefncribwr
ar Donre·fil in Tonyrefail
ar y Graig in the Graig (Pont-y-ty*-pridd)
āra [ˡa·ra] (adj) slow (= araf [ˡa·rav])
Yn āra dēg mā mynd
ymhēll slowly does it (‘slowly and steadily there is going far’)
(literally: slow + fair)
ārath [ˡa·raθ] (nf) speech (= araith [ˡaraɪθ])
areitha#,
arītha# [aˡrəɪθa, aˡrəi·θa] (pl) (= areithiau aˡrəɪθjaɪ])
traddōti ārath give a
speech (= standard: traddodi araith)
ārath nêt a fine speech
arfadd [ˡarvað] (nf) custom, usage (= arfer [ˡarvɛr])
ishtag arfadd as usual
ystyn ci*nog am y papur newydd ishtag arfadd to proffer a penny for the newspaper as usual
arfar [ˡarvar] (nf) custom, usage (= arfer [ˡarvɛr])
Also: arfadd [ˡarvað]
árgiwo [ˡargjuɔ] (v) argue = state your opinion (= ymresymu [əmrɛˡsəmɪ])
arian [ˡarjan] (nm) money (= arian [ˡarjan])
arian mawr a lot of money (”big money”)
ariōd [arˡjo:d] (adv) ever (= arian [ɛrˡjoɪd])
y pēth ryfēdda wēlas i
ariōd the strengest thing I ever saw
arlwdd [ˡarlʊð] (nm) sign (= arglwydd [ˡargluið])
arlwyddon# [arˡluɪðɔn])
(= arglwyddion
[arˡgluɪðjɔn])
Graig yr Arlwdd (= craig yr
arglwydd)
arn / harn [arn, harn] (nm) iron (= haearn [ˡhəɪarn])
Y Bont ’Arn the iron bridge (= Y Bont Haearn). This was a Merthyrtudful landmark It had been
designed and built by the principal engineer of the Cyfarthfa Iron Works,
Watkyn
George. It was completed in the year 1800. It was demolished after 164
years of existence by the town council in 1964.
From a southern form haern. Cf the
change aer > ar in
1/ Maerdy > Mardy (various places have this name),
2/ Llanilltud Faerdre > Llanilltud Fardra;
3/ Trahaearn / Trahaern > Trehaearn / Treháern > Trehárn > Treárn.
āros [ˡa·rɔs] (v) stay, wait (= aros [ˡa·rɔs])
fyswn-ī’n leico āros yno I’d
like to stay there
arswydus [arˡsuɪdɪs] (adj, adv) terrible, terribly (= arswydus [arˡsuɪdɪs])
ōdd-ī’n ōr arswydus
it was terribly cold
arti / harti [ˡartɪ, ˡhartɪ] (nm) hearty (= harti [ˡhartɪ])
arwdd [ˡa·rʊð] (nm) sign (= arwydd [ˡa·ruið])
arwýddon# [arˡwɪðɔn])
(= arwyddion
[arˡuɪðjɔn])
asgwrn [ˡasgʊrn] (nm) bone (= asgwrn [ˡasgʊrn])
esgyrn [ˡɛsgɪrn]) (= esgyrn [ˡɛsgɪrn])
(Other forms and spellings: ascwrn, escyrn)
ātag [ˡa·tag] (nf) time, occasion, period (= adeg [ˡadɛg])
adēca [aˡde·ka] (pl) (= adegau [aˡde·gaɪ])
āth [a:θ]. See ɛ̄th [wxyzθ]
atryd [ˡatrɪd] undress (= tynnu eich dillad
amdanoch, ymddihatryd)
(Source: GYA. S.E.:
atryd) Cf south-western matryd, matru, datryd
aw [au]
In
Welsh in general, in a tonic syllable, it may be found as o [o·, ɔ]
holi (= to ask, question,
interrogate) < hawl (= a right)
bāch [ba:x] (1) small, little. (2) hook. See bɛ̄ch [bwxyzx]
bāchan [ˡba·xan] (nm) fellow (= bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn] = boy)
MEANING: (1) fellow; (2) used also in addressing somebody; (3) in
addressing somebody in disbelief at what has been asked or said, equivalent to
an English expression of surprise followed by ‘man’, ‘boy’, ‘my lad’, ‘my
friend’, etc – Good heavens, man!
NOTE: Typically south-eastern, though it is found in other areas of Wales
Shẁd
ī-chī, bāchan? how
are you, my friend?
-Bēth yw reina? –Bāchan! Ond tortha Ffrengig yw reina!
(-Beth yw’r rheina? -Bachan! Ond
torthau Ffrengig yw’r rheina!)
-What are those? Good heavens man! Can’t you see they’re French loaves?
(“but (it is) French loaves (that-are) thosē)
There is also a form of address with the soft mutation of b > f
fachan [ˡva·xan] Compare fechgyn! [ˡvɛxgɪn] (= boys, lads), ferch! [vɛrx]
(= girl)
It also occurs with the loss of this intial [v]
achan [ˡa·xan]
Compare other words in Welsh with a dropped initial [v]:
mab [ma:b] (= son) > ab [ab] (son, in patronymics) (or ap [ab], an archaic spelling of ab)
Lleision ab Llywelyn
merch [mɛrx] (=
daughter; girl) > erch [ɛrx] (daughter, in patronymics) Gwenllian erch Morgan
bachgan [ˡbaxgan] (nm) boy, lad (= bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn])
bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɪn] (pl) boys. (= bechgyn
[ˡbɛxgɪn])
bechgynach [bɛxˡgənax] lads (the plural diminutive suffix -ach suggests
disapproval, criticism)
bād [ba:d].
See bɛ̄d [bwxyzd] (= boat)
bācad [ˡba·kad] (nm) 1/ crowd (= torf [tɔrv]) 2/ large number (= nifer mawr [ˡni·vɛr ˡmaur])
Also bāgad [ˡba·gad]
bācad ō ddinnon a crowd of
men
am fāgad ō resyma for a
host of reasons
bɛ̄ch [bwxyzx] (adj) little, small (= bach [ba:x])
ticyn bɛ̄ch a
little bit
mbɛ̄ch a little bit (ticyn
b- > ticym b- ti’m b- > m b-)
(Other spellings: bach, bech, bêch, bâch, bæch, baech; mbech, mbach)
bɛ̄ch [bwxyzx], plural bācha [ˡba·xa] (nm) hook (= bach [ba:x], plural bachau [ˡba·xaɪ])
ongad rwpath ar y bɛ̄ch hang something on the hook
bɛ̄d [bwxyzd] (nm) boat (= bad [ba:d]; cwch [ku:x])
bāta [ˡba·ta] (pl) (= badau [ˡba·daɪ]; cychod [ˡkəxɔd])
(Other
spellings: bad, bed, bêd, bâd, bæd, baed, bâta, bata)
balch [balx] (adj) 1/ proud 2/ glad (= balch [balx])
ōdd-à’n falch iawn ī ngweld ī, ā ōn-ī’n falch
ī weld ynta èd he was very glad to see me, and I was very glad to see
him too
bambŵzlo [bamˡbu·zlɔ] (v) bamboozle, deceive, trick (= twyllo [ˡtuiɬɔ])
banc [baŋk] (nm) 1/ bank = moneyhouse (= banc [baŋk]) 2/ side of a canal
banca [ˡbaŋka]
(pl) (= banciau
[ˡbaŋkjaɪ])
banc y cnel the canal side
bap [bap]
(nm) large soft bread roll, South Wales English ‘bap’ (≡ standard Welsh wicsen gron [ˡwɪksɛn
ˡgrɔn])
baps [baps] (pl) (≡ standard
Welsh wics
crynion [ˡwɪks ˡkrənjɔn])
bap brecwast breakfast bap
http://www.bbc.co.uk/cymru/deddwyrain/safle/eich_bro/pages/bwyta_allan.shtml
From south-eastern Wales English BAP < English BAP, first noted in English
in “1505-1515” according to some sources.
Wiktionary notes: A soft bread roll, originally from Scotland. Originally
Scottish English, of unknown origin.
Dictionar o the Scots Leid / Dictionary of the Scots Language:
“A
small thick roll of bread of varying size and shape (often diamond-shaped)
baked in the oven; a morning roll”. General Scots. 1762 first attestation.
bar- [ba] (n) a form of aber (= estuary) in some place names.
Also byr- [bər]
Bartīfi (= Aberteifi; English:
Cardigan). Also Byrtīfi
Bar-dɛ̄r (= Aber-dâr;
English: Aberdare). Also Byr-dɛ̄r
(Other possible forms or spellings: Bardêr, Bardare, Byrdêr, Byrdare, Bartifi,
Byrtifi, Barteifi, Barteifi)
bāra [ˡba·ra] (nm) bread (= bara [ˡba·ra])
bāra brīth [ˡba·ra ˡbri: θ] currant bread (literally ‘speckled bread’)
bāra ’mēnyn bread and butter [ˡba·ra ˡme·nɪn] (literally ‘bread (of) butter’)
bāra lawr laver bread, also known in English as ‘black
butter’
bāra
llɛ̄th
[ˡba·ra ˡɬwxyzθ])
bread and milk, or bread and buttermilk
bāra
llechwan
[ˡba·ra ˡɬɛxwan] griddle bread; bread baked on a
griddle or bakestone (either with yeast or unleavened) (also as llychwan)
barbwr [ˡbarbʊr] (nm) barber (= barbwr [ˡbarbʊr], barber /
barberiaid
[ˡbarbʊr, barˡbɛrjaɪd], dyn
/ dynion torri gwallt;
literary Welsh barfwr
[ˡbarbʊr], barfwyr
[ˡbarbwɪr])
barbwyr [ˡbarbwɪr] (pl) (= barbwyr [ˡbarbwɪr]). From Middle English BARBOUR [ˡbarbʊr] < [barˡbur]. The plural form as if -wr is the Welsh
agent suffix (= man).
barn [barn] (nf) 1/ opinion 2/ verdict (= barn [ˡbarn])
barna [ˡbarna] (pl) (= barnau [ˡbarnaɪ])
This word is feminine in South Wales. (Cymraeg safonol / standard Welsh, and
northern Welsh: masculine)
(delwedd 3204b)
barnwr [ˡbarnʊr] (nm) 1/ judge (= barnwr [ˡbarnʊr]) 2/ adjudicator in an eisteddfod (= beirniad [ˡbəɪrnjad])
barnwrz [ˡbarnʊrz] (pl) (= barnwyr [ˡbarnwɪr], beirniaid [ˡbəɪrnjaɪd])
barnwrz Steddfod Car-dy*dd the
adjudicators in the Caer-dydd / Cardiff Eisteddfod (barnwrs Steddfod Cardydd –
Tarian y Gweithiwr 27-07-1899)
basa [ˡbasa]
(v) it would be (= buasai [bɪˡasaɪ])
Also bysa
Also in the reduced form sà
basa fawr nā... I wish that, if only... (= buasai fawr na [bɪˡasaɪ ˡvaur na:])
Basa fawr nā nēlach-chì rw̄path ī elpu = I
wish you’d do something to help
(Buasai fawr na wnelech chwi rywbeth i helpu)
(Source: Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, tudalen 2830)
bēcan [ˡbe·kan] (v) beg. See ymbil [ˡəmbɪl] = importune, cardota [karˡdɔta] = ask for money or food)
bēcan ar rw*un ī nīthur
rw*path beg somebody to do something (= ymbil ar rywun i wneud rhywbeth)
(“i fecan” yng nGPC: begiaf)
bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɪn]
(pl) boys. See bachgan
[ˡbaxgan])
beudy [ˡbəɪdɪ] (nm) cowhouse, cowshed (= beudy [ˡbəɪdɪ])?
?Also
bi*dy [ˡbi·dɪ]
beili
[ˡbəɪlɪ] (nm) PLURAL: beilïa
[bəɪˡli·a]
1/ farmyard (= buarth [ˡbi·arθ], buarthau [bɪˡarθaɪ])
2/ yard, front yard, back yard (= cowrt [koʊrt], cowrtiau [ˡkoʊrtjaɪ]), (iard [jard], ierdydd / iardiau [ˡjɛrdɪð, ˡjardjaɪ]) (libart [ˡli·bart], libartiau [lɪˡbartjaɪ])
Y Beili-glɛ̄s [ə
ˡbəɪlɪ ˡglwxyzs] SO4708 (spelt as
Bailey Glace) (nearby is Beili-glâs Wood, in [almost] standard spelling (= Beili-glas,
without the circumflex). An eighteenth-century farmhouse in Cwmcarfan, s.s.e of
Llanddingad / Dingestow, Sir Fynwy / Monmouthshire.
Y Beili-glas, SO3010 s.s.e of
Llanelen, Sir Fynwy / Monmouthshire on the Ordnance Survey map, was undoubtedly
also Y Beili-glɛ̄s
Mynydd Beili-glas SN9202, (= Mynydd y Beili-glas) south of Y Ricos / Y
Rhigos, perpetuates the name of a lost farm (= upland of /
hillside grazing of Y Beili-glas farm’). This too was most undoubtedly Y Beili-glɛ̄s
ber-
ber- [bɛr]
clipped form of aber [aˡbɛr] in place names
Bercannid < Abercannid [bɛrˡkanɪd,
abɛrˡkanɪd]. Standard: Abercannaid
[abɛrˡkanaɪd].
Ber-dɛ̄r < Aber-dɛ̄r [bɛrˡdwxyzr,
abɛrˡdwxyzr]. Standard: Aber-dâr
[abɛrˡda:r].
Ber-nant < Aber-nant [bɛrˡnant, abɛrˡnant]. Standard: Aber-dâr
[abɛrˡnant].
Shīr Berteifi < Sir Aberteifi
Before
a vowel the element aber > ber- loses the vowel to become the consonant
cluster [br].
Aberafan > Berafan > Brafan
Aberaman > Beraman > Braman
Aberystwyth > Berystwyth > Brystwyth
bēra <BE.ra> [ˡbe·ra] feminine noun haystack
PLURAL: berāon, berâu <be-RAA-on, be-RAI> [bɛˡra·ɔn, bɛˡraɪ] (feminine noun)
bera wair haystack
Ystalyfera (ynys tâl y fera) “the
meadow in front of Y Fera (haystack; probably a hill name). Local form: Stalfera
[stalˡve·ra]
The word “bera” (haystack) is Celtic *berg-, cognate with Proto-Germanic *bergaz (from which German BERG (= mountain), Old English BEORG (= mountain, hill, mound, barrow, burial place), Modern English (dialect) BERGH (= hill), and (wiktionary 05-09-2020) Scots BURROW /ˈbʌɹoʊ/ (“mound, tumulus, barrow”), ….. West Frisian BERCH /bɛrx/ (“mountain”), Dutch BERG /bɛrx/ (“mountain”), Low German BARG /bɛrɣ/ [ba̝ɾ(ə)x] (“mountain”)… Danish BJERG : /bjɛrɣ/ (“mountain”), Swedish BERG /bɛrj/ (“mountain”), Norwegian Bokmål BERG /bɛrɡ/ (“rock, mountain, hillock, rock bottom”), Icelandic BERG /pɛrk/ (“mountain”), BJARG (“rock”), Polish BRZEG /bʐɛk/ (“bank, shore”), Russian БЕ́РЕГ (BÉREG, “bank, shore, land”).
Beronddu [bɛˡrɔnðɪ] (nf) town name; English =
Brecon (= Aberhonddu [abɛrˡhɔnðɪ])
(‘Beronddu’ Tarian y Gweithiwr 06-12-1888)
Bethlam [ˡbɛθlam] (nmf) 1/ Bethlehem 2/ Bethlehem as a chapel name (= Bethlehem
[ˡbɛθlɛhɛm])
bishi [ˡbɪʃɪ] (adj) busy (= prysur
[ˡprəsɪr])
Rw̄-ī wēti bōd yn
sōbor ō fishi’n ddiwēddar I’ve been really busy recently
mà mà lē bishi iawn things are
very busy here (mà = mae = there is; mà = ymà = here; ‘there is a very busy
place here’)
mà’r ddou dīcyn yn fishi jyst nawr
the two of them are a bit busy at the moment
From the English word BUSY [ˡbizi], pronounced as [ˡbisi] in Welsh
since [z] was not part of the Welsh sound-system at the time of the borrowing.
Palatalisation later in contact with [i] characteristic of southern Welsh
(bīsi > bīshi)
blac [blak]
(nm) blakpat (=
chwilen ddu
[ˡxwi·lɛn
ˡði:] = black beetle)
blacs [blaks] (pl)
See
also blacpatan below.
blacas [ˡblakas] (nf) black woman
From
Welsh (BLAC = black) < English BLACK, + (-ES noun suffix, in Gwentian -AS):
blaces > blacas
blacpatan [blakˡpatan] (nm) blackpat, cockroach (= chwilen ddu [ˡxwi·lɛn ˡði:] = black beetle)
blacpats [ˡblakpats] (pl) (= chwilod duon [ˡxwi·lɔd ˡdi·ɔn] = black beetle)
See also: blac (a short form of blacpat)
yn ddu o flacpats covered in
blackpats, black with blackpats
(delwedd B0463b)
(delwedd B0443)
Duw a helpo pob eglwys sydd a'r "dyn croes" ynddi! "Pwt y
gynnen" y gelwir ef yn fwyaf cyffredin, ond darluniodd hen weinidog
profiadol ef fel hwyad yn y ffynnon, yn tryblu ac yn llygru dwfr tê y
cymdogion; neu fel "black patan" mewn "tarten jam"
fyddys yn ei chnoi yn y genau
(delwedd B0464)
Fe startas o dan y pwll gyta'r fireman -
bachan ifanc a mwstash coch; odd a yn wilia yn dawal right, a chap bach crop ar
i ben a. Ar y ffordd i weld y talcan, fe etho i trwy ryw lefydd rhyfedd iawn
gyta fa yn ddou ddwbwl, nes odd y nghefan i just a thori yn ddou a amser on i'n
mynd mlan rodd y wys yn dropan lawr fel pistyll oddiar y nhrwyn i. O'r diwadd,
fe welas y talcan odd i fod i fi. Talcan bach piwr yn wir; ond fe geso i ofan
gwitho ynddo - rodd y blackpats
bron a llanw'r lle, a'r colliars mor dduad a Zulus, ac yn gwitho heb i crysa.
Ma nhw yn dweyd fod...
Childhood memories
By Joan Rees, Cwmaman, Aberdare
I was born in 1938. My parents often told stories of how they lived through the
1920s. Glanaman Road was virtually on the mountain, and yet almost in a coal
yard for Fforchaman Colliery (Brown's pit). Its trucks of coal and stockpile of
timber logs were on our doorstep.
We all bathed in turn in the same tin bath in front of the huge coal fire using
water boiled on our living room coal fire grate.
The blackleaded grate was the essential part of living. It heated the water,
cooked the food, toasted our bread, warmed our chilblained toes, dried the
sticks for next day's fire and aired the clothes. There was a darker side to
the comfort of our fireplace - at night the blackpats (beetles) invaded our
'territory'. ‘Coal House AT war’. http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/coalhouse2/sites/memories/pages/119317148723868653933.shtml
...across the street wasa public bakehouse where cockroaches (we called them
blackpats) bred like flies and often sent out raiding parties across the road
to colonise us Knock 'Em Cold, Kid. Elaine Morgan. 2012
ORIGIN: From West-Midland English BLACKBAT
(BLACK) + (BAT?) > south-eastern-Wales English BLACKPAT > Welsh BLACPAT-
(or
else English BLACKBAT > Welsh BLACBAT > BLACPAT > south-eastern-Wales
English BLACKPAT.
BAT is a short form in English of the name Bartholomew; this might be the
origin of BAT in the insect name.
Cf ‘BLACK-BOB.— A black beetle’. A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases.
Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialect
Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard
spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’).
In the Berkshire name ‘Bob’ is presumably the short form of Robert.
Also, in Worcestershire, another beetle is referred to as a ‘bat’ – a ‘rainbat’
is a beetle which appears when it is about to rain.
(delwedd B0439a)
Why PAT istead of BAT?
Possibly this is the influence of Welsh consonant cluster [kp] which has
replaced [kb]
e.g. deg + punt > (degbunt / ten pounds [in money]) > decpunt,
deg + pwys > (degbwys / ten pounds [in weight]) > decpwys,
However [kb] is also current:
crog + pren (hang- + tree) has given crocbren (though in Cornish krokprenn, and
Middle Breton (in modern Breton spelling) 'kroukprenn'), and
crog + pris (hang- + price = extortionate price) is crocbris;
ffacbys (= lentils) from English vatch < vetch + Welsh pys = peas.
In English, PAT is also a fond form of MARTHA, though it seems unlikely to be
the final element in BLACPAT, since BLACKBAT seems to be the original form
(Also for Patrick, though this is only a current name in England in recent
times with massive immigration from Ireland especially from the 1840s onwards).
(Other
spellings and forms: blac-pat, blac-pad, blacpaten, blacpaden, blacpadyn,
blac-pats, blac-pads, flacpat, flacpats, flacpaten, flacpatan, flacpadyn,
flac-pats, flac-pads, black patan; in English: blackpat, blackpats, black pat,
black pats, black pad, black pads, blackpad, blackpads)
(delwedd B0404)
▼
(delwedd B0403)
Tarian y
Gweithiwr. 1 October 1908.
...ond nis gallai
Wil siarad gair. Yr oedd y cyfan megys breuddwyd; ond chwareu teg iddo, yr oedd
yn medru gweled os nad allai siarad, ac meddai wedi hyn, ar ol cyrhaedd terra firma, onid oedd pethau yn edrych
yn rhyfedd wrth edrych i lawr arnynt? Yr oedd y dynion yn y gwaelod yn edrycb
lawer yn llai na’r blackpats sydd yn stabl ochr South, ac yn wir, Mr Go., mae yna egwyddor o wirionedd
amlwg yn y dywediad, un bach yw dyn pan edrychir i lawr arno; ac efallai fod
ambell un yn bur hoff o fanteisio ar fan priodol i gael good look down ar rywun,
neu rhywrai; ac, yn wir, dyma ei unig gyfle, tra ar bob adeg a safle arall
rhaid iddynt ymostwng i edrych i fyny.
But Wil couldn’t speak a word. It was all like a dream; but to give him his due
/ fair play to him, he could see that if he couldn’t speak, and he said this
afterwards, after reaching terra firma,
didn’t things look strange looking down on them? The men at the bottom looked a
lot smaller than the blackpats that are in the stable at the side of the South [shaft], and indeed, mr.
Editor, there is a principle of obvious truth in the saying, a man is small
when he is looked down upon; and maybe some people are very fond of taking
advantage of an appropiate place to have a ‘good
look down’ on someone, or some other people; and, indeed, that is
his only opportunity, as on every other occasion or in every other position
they must bend down / submit to look up.
▼
(delwedd 5827)
Words and Phrases Used in South-east Worcestershire. Jesse Sailisbury. 1893.
Blackbat, (substantive).
The blackbeetle, or cockroach. West Worcestershire, and elsewhere.
A
memory of Sparkbrook in 1950 by Janet Devine. Colville Road, Sparkbrook
[Birmingham; formerly Worcestershire]. I was born at 4 Back, 34 Colville Road
in January 1950. These back houses were very small with a shared outside
toilet. We had all manner of creatures that lived there too, massive spiders, blackbats and beetles that lived the coal cupboard which was in
the kitchen.... www.francisfrith.com
▼
(delwedd 5972)
Evening Express (Cardiff) 3 June 1898. “Ah!” said a summer visitor, who had
heard a great deal of the universality of music in Wales. "Ah!" he
said to his landlady at Penarth, “I should so like to see the country cottages
of your Welsh Valleys. with Mozart in the parlour and Beethoven in the
kitchen.” “Beetoving in the kitching?" cried his landlady with disgust;
"just let me ketch Beetovings in my kitching! I'd go for em with shovel, I
would. We calls ’em 'black pats' in
Wales, sir, the nasty things!”
▼
“Sometimes
a minister, wishing to chide those who didn’t attend the morning service, would
facetiously refer to them as black pads, a colloquial name for a species of
cockroach which came out only at night... I think that perhaps my parents fell
into the black pad category
of chapelgoers when I was a child...” (Childhood
in a Welsh Mining Valley. Vivian Jones. 2017).
▼
birminghamhistory.co.uk
“thanks very much mikjee . i didnt have it quite right so that helps and now i
know where it is. and i can see the vinegar factory [Westley Street,
Birmingham] where the blackbats
(beetles) came out from at night.” (chinnychinn, Jul 8, 2009)
▼
birminghamhistory.co.uk
“Our house was crawling with Blackbats, we had Mice, the occasional Rat, silverfish, Nits and
at least 4 million Spiders...I actually went to Dudley Zoo to get AWAY from
wildlife not see it.” (Kandor, Apr 14, 2004)
▼
birminghamforum.co.uk
“Re: Old Brummie sayings got any?... check ya boot for blackbats.” (Ray Harrison, January 03, 2014).
blɛ̄n [blwxyzn] (nm) top; source of a river (= blaen
[blaɪn])
bleuna, blīna#
[ˡbləɪna,
ˡbli·na]
(= blaenau
[ˡbləɪnaɪ])
blagard
[ˡblagard] (nm) villain, scoundrel, bully (= adyn [ˡadɪn], dihiryn
[dɪˡhi·rɪn],
blagard [ˡblagard])
blagardz# [ˡblagardz] (nm) villain, scoundrel, bully (= adynod [aˡdənɔd],
blagardiaid [blaˡgardjaid])
Also blagiar (pl) blagiarz [ˡblagjar, ˡblagjarz]
Origin: English BLAGGARD < BLACKGUARD (BLACK + GUARD). Used originally of
kitchen workers in a large house, probably ironically in the sense of an army
of servants or workers. Later the sense developed to ‘person of the criminal
classes; low, contemptuous, vile individual’.
(Worcestershire):
Upton on Severn Words and Phrases. Robert Lawson. English Dialect Society.
1884. BLAGGERD, n. Pron. (pronunciation) of blackguard. One addicted to
swearing and low language.
blagardath [blaˡgardaθ] (v) abuse, insulting language (= difrio [dɪˡfri·ɔ],
blagardiaeth blaˡgardjaɪθ])
(Merthyr
Times 19-03-1896) (Apparently
no provection blagardath > blacardath)
blagardo [blaˡgardɔ] (v) abuse, insult (= difrio [dɪˡfri·ɔ])
blagardo dȳn yn ī gēfan
insult somebody or talk disparaginly of somebody behind his back
(BLAGARD) + (verbal suffix -IO) > BLAGARDIO > BLAGARDO
(Apparently no provection blagardo > blacardo)
blān [bla:n]. See blɛ̄n [blwxyzn]
blasto [ˡblastɔ] (v) blast (= blastio [ˡblastjɔ])
From
the English word BLAST (+ verb suffix -IO) > BLASTIO > BLASTO
blēcid [ˡble·kɪd] (conj) because (= oherwydd [o: ˡhe·ruið])
blēcid fel w* ī wēti gweud ō’r blɛ̄n because
as I’ve said before
bleuna [ˡbləɪna] (adj) first, foremost (= blaenaf [bləɪnav])
y ddwy lein fleuna the first two
lines
bleuna [ˡbləɪna] (pl) top; source of a river (= blaenau [ˡbləɪnaɪ]) See blaen
[blaɪn]
Y Bleuna [ə
ˡbləɪna]
town in Gwent (Y
Blaenau [ə
ˡbləɪnaɪ])
Y Blīna might be expected; the spelling occurs but in English contexts,
and seems to represent an English pronunciation [blaɪnə]
Bleuna Morgannwg [ˡbləɪna
mɔrˡganʊg] the uplands of Morgannwg (in contradistinction to
Brō Morgannwg (= the lowlands of Morgannwg, Englished as the ‘Vale of
Glamorgan’) (= Blaenau
Morgannwg [ˡbləɪnaɪ
mɔrˡganʊg])
blīna [ˡblīna]. See blaen
[blaɪn] = top; source of a river; Y Bleina (town in Gwent); bleina
(=
foremost, first)
blôc
[blo:k] (nm) bloke, fellow (= dyn [di:n])
blôcs [blo:ks] (pl) (= dynion [ˡdənjɔn])
From
the English word BLOKE
blongad [ˡblɔŋad]
(v) belong (= perthyn
[ˡpɛrθɪn])
popath sy*’n blongad ī nī
everything that belongs to us
blōtyn [ˡblo·tɪn] (nm) flower (= blodyn [ˡblo·dɪn], blodeuyn [blɔˡdəɪɪn])
blōta [ˡblo·ta] (pl) flowers (= blodau [ˡblo·daɪ])
blōtyn gwyn a white flower
blōta cawl marigolds (‘flowers
[of] broth’, ‘broth flowers’)
mà dīcon ō flōta’n yr ardd there are plenty more fish in
the sea
(delwedd B0407)
|
Carmarthen
Weekly Reporter. 18 Mai 1917. (Misprints corrected) We are apt to think that
a good many kinds of grain which have not been much used in this country
during the last thirty
years are complete novelties. How many people in this country have ever
thought of millet being used as a human food? Yet it has been used as human
food in this country in the 18th century — at the Bluecoat School at any
rate. Charles Lamb, the famous essayist, was at the Bluecoat School from 1783
until 1790. He speaks of "Monday's milk porridge blue and
tasteless" and of "Wednesday's mess of millet." Nothing in the
way of food appeared to be very acceptable to him for he did not even like
Thursday's fresh boiled beef because it had "detestable marigolds
floating in the pail to poison the broth." There is something very
homely to people in the rural districts of Wales about the reference to
marigolds. There is a peculiar variety of marigolds which is used for broth
and whose value is so recognised in this respect that they are known as
"Blodau Cawl" (broth
flowers) or even "Cawl" for short. There are marigolds of course
which are "florists' flowers" but any stranger who grows them in a
Welsh neighbourhood need not be hurt if his friends congratulate him on the
fine display and tell him that he can make beautiful broth out of that lot.
In Lamb's time marigold was recognised in England as a "savoury";
it had not been ousted by Indian curries and other foreign spices. In English
gardens the marigold now rivals the aster; but in Welsh country gardens it
rivals the onion. |
blynydda [bləˡnəða] (plural) years. See blwyddyn.
boi-sgówt [bɔɪˡsgout] (nm) boy scout (= sgowt [sgout])
boi-sgówts [bɔɪˡsgouts] (pl) boy scouts (= sgowtiaid [ˡsgoutjaɪd])
bonēddig [bɔˡne·ðɪg]
(adj) gentlemanly, gentlewomanly, noble (= bonheddig
[bɔˡnhe·ðɪg])
Also bynēddig [bəˡne·ðɪg]
bòla [ˡbɔla] (nm) stomach (= bol [ˡbɔl])
cɛ̄l caws ō fòla cī
be impossible,
to futilely try to get back something which has been lost for ever (“get cheese
from (the) stomach (of) (a) dog” [once the dog has eaten it])
bopa [ˡbɔpa] (nf) 1/ auntie (sister of a father or mother); term
of address 2/ auntie = wife of an uncle; term of address 3/ auntie = term of
address for a woman who is not a member of the family but is, for example, a
neighbour or friend of the parents (= modryb [ˡmɔdrɪb]) 4/ bopa / ên
bopa effeminate man
A word confined to the south-east; in origin, a child’s word for an aunt, evidently a form of modryb.
A possible explanation is:
(1) modryb / motryb probably reduced to mòb,
(2) with the addition of a diminutive -a; (moba).
(3) In Welsh initial b and m can interchange (boba).
(4) In the south-east, a b- at the beginning of a final
syllable is devoiced to p- (bopa).
bōra [ˡbo·ra]
(nm) morning (= bore
[ˡbo·rɛ]])
borïa [bɔˡria]
(= boreuau
[bɔˡrəɪaɪ])
Also boreia# [bɔˡrəɪa]
bōra dɛ̄ good morning
bōra dy* Sātwn on
Saturrday morning
(Other spellings: bora, borua, boria, boreia, boreua)
bord [bɔrd]
(nf) table (= bwrdd
[bʊrð],
bord
[bɔrd])
bordydd [ˡbɔrdɪð] (= byrddau
[ˡbərðaɪ],
bordydd
[ˡbɔrdɪð])
botas [ˡbɔtas] (nf) boot (= botasen [bɔˡtasɛn])
botasa [bɔˡtasa] (pl) boot (= botasau [bɔˡtasaɪ])
Gwesty’r Fotas Boot Inn,
Merthyrtudful (Y Darian 25-06-1916)
Arwydd y Fotas (in Gwentian > *Arwdd y Fotas) Boot Inn,
Merthyrtudful
Eisteddfod
y Fotas
(in Gwentian > *Steddfod y Fotas)
(Material archived in Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru /
National Library of Wales under the title “Eisteddfod y Fottas” described as “Poetical compositions,
1824-1827, submitted for competition at 'Eisteddfod y Fottas' (the Boot
Eisteddfod), held by Cymdeithas Cadair Merthyr Tydfil at the Boot Inn (Arwydd y
Fottas), Merthyr Tydfil, together
with some adjudications”.)
brɛ̄n [brwxyzn] (nf) crow (= brân [bra:n])
brain [braɪn] (pl) (= brain [braɪn])
swno fel brɛ̄n sound like a
crow
cāni fel brɛ̄n sing like a crow
bràgo [ˡbragɔ] (v) 1/ brag, boast (= ymffrostio [əmˡfrɔstjɔ]) 2/ extol the virtues of, talk about admiringly
(Other spellings: brago, braggo)
braich [braɪx] (nm) arm (= braich [braɪx])
breicha [ˡbrəɪxa] (pl) (arms) (= breichiau [ˡbrəɪxjaɪ])
Also brīcha [ˡbri·xa]
braith [braɪθ] (adj) feminine form of brīth [bri:θ])
Braman [ˡbraman]
(nf) place name (= Aberaman [aberˡaman])
Village in the Cynon valley (the confluence of Aman, place where the Aman
stream flows into the river Cynon;
aber = confluence (used with the name of a tributary) + Aman (river
name)
In Gwentian, Aberaman > Beraman > Braman
(1) the initial vowel, which is unaccented, drops away (a very common
phenomenon in spoken Welsh)
(2) the vowel in the pretonic syllable drops away to give a consonant
cluster br-
brātu [ˡbra·tɪ] (v) to waste, to use needlessly (=
afradu
[aˡvra·di], gwastraffu [gwasˡtra·fi])
From afradu = to waste; af- = negative
prefix, rhad = grace, -u = suffix to form
verbs. Afradu > ‘fradu. Because f [v] is often a soft-mutated form of b in
some words there is a temptation to ‘restore’ this b, even where it
is unjustified. Hence ’fradu > bradu. In the south-east,
a d- at the beginning of a final syllable is devoiced to t-
(bratu).
(Other
spellings: brati)
brawd [braud] (nm) 1/ brother = relative 2/ brother = comrade (= brawd
[braud])
brōtyr [ˡbro·tɪr] (pl) (= brodyr [ˡbro·dɪr])
mà nẁ’n
ddou frawd
they’re brothers (‘they are two brothers’)
(Other spellings: brotyr, brotir)
breicha [ˡbrəɪxa] (pl) (arms). See braich (= arm)
brênz [bre:nz] (nm) (Englishism) brains = intellectual capability
(= ymenydd
[əˡme·nɪð])
From English BRAINS
(Other
spellings: brêns)
brēthyn [ˡbre·θɪn]
(nm) cloth (=
brethyn
[ˡbre·θɪn])
(Other spellings: brethyn)
briallyn
[brɪˡaɬɪn] (nm) primrose (= briallen [brɪˡaɬɛn])
PLURAL: brialla [brɪˡaɬa] (= briallu [brɪˡaɬɪ]
brīcha [ˡbri·xa] (pl) (arms) > braich (= arm)
(Other
spellings: bricha)
bricsan [ˡbrɪksan] (nf) brick (= bricsen [ˡbrɪksɛn], priddfaen [ˡprɪðvaɪn])
brycs [brɪks] (pl) (= briciau [ˡbrɪkjaɪ], priddfeini [prɪðˡvəɪnɪ])
gwaith brics [gwaɪθ ˡbrɪks] brickworks
English BRICKS > Welsh BRICS. (BRICS) + (-EN sigulative suffix) > BRICSEN
(> BRICSAN)
Brigro [ˡbrɪgrɔ] (nm) Birchgrove Colliery, Llansamlet (1845-1932) (= Llwynbedw [ɬuɪnˡbe·dʊ])
bripsyn [ˡbrɪpsɪn] (nm) piece, fragment, bit; tiny amount (= darn
[darn])
Also bripshin [ˡbrɪpʃɪn]
From Norman-French BRIBE (f) (= fragment, scrap). Plural BRIBES > Welsh
(BRIPS) + singulative suffix – YN) > BRIPSYN.
Modern French has the same word (BRIBE = fragment)
brīth [bri:θ] (adj)
Feminine form braith
[braɪθ], plural brithion
[ˡbrɪθjɔn]
(1) speckled
(2) (bread) speckled with currants
bāra brīth currant bread (literally ‘speckled bread’)
(3) (person) shady, dubious, unsavoury, not to be trusted; bachan brith =
shady type, shady character.
broc [brɔk] (adj) dappled (= cymysgliw [kəˡməsglɪu])
casag froc a dappled mare
Probably from English BROCK = an inferior horse; if not Irish BROC [brok] =
speckled..
(delwedd 5904)
A Dictionary of the Kentish Dialect and Provincialisms in Use in the County of
Kent
by William Douglas Parish, William Francis Shaw and John White Masters. 1888.
BROK, BROCK [brok] sb. An inferior horse. The word is used by Chaucer,
Canterbury Tales, 7125
broc [brɔk] (nm) dappled horse (= ceffyl brith [ˡkɛfɪl
bri:θ])
brocs [brɔks] (pl) (= ceffylau brithion [kɛˡfəlaɪ ˡbrɪθkjɔn])
(delwedd 5902)
Y Darian. 28 Hydref 1915. Brocs y Rhicos.—Yr oedd y Rhicos yn enwog un amser am
y “Merlynod Brocs," cymysg-liw, tywyll a goleu, a phan y byddai ymryson
rhwng pobol y cyffiniau, gelwid gwyr Rhicos yn ' 'Frocs," a hynny mewn
digofaint.
The Rugos Brocks. Y Rugos was once famous for the “Brock Ponies”, of variegated
colours, dark and light, and when there was contention among people of the
vicinity the inhabitants of Y Rugos were called ‘Brocks’ in anger.
Brōcwr [ˡbro·kʊr] (nf) place name (= Aberogwr [a·ber ˡo·gʊr])]
Name of the the village at the estuary of this river (called by the English
‘Ogmore on Sea’).
In Gwentian, Aberōgwr > Aberōcwr > Berōcwr >
Brōcwr
(1) In Gwentian, [b d g] as the initial syllable of the final syllable are
devoiced to give [p t k]
(2) the initial vowel, which is unaccented, drops away (a very common
phenomenon in spoken Welsh)
(3) the vowel in the pretonic syllable drops away to give a consonant cluster
br-
bron (1) [brɔn] (nf) breast (= bron [brɔn])
bronna [ˡbrɔna] (pl) (= bronnau [ˡbrɔnaɪ])
bron (2) [brɔn] (adv) almost (= bron [brɔn])
bron pawb almost everybody
bryn [brɪn] (nm) hill (= bryn [brɪn])
brynna [ˡbrəna] (pl) (= bryniau [ˡbrənjaɪ])
Y Brynna [ə ˡbrəna] village name (the official name is the Gwentian
form, rather than the literary Welsh form which would be Y Bryniau [ə ˡbrənjaɪ])
bŭcal [ˡbi·kal]
(nm) 1/ shepherd 2/ minister (= bugail [ˡbi·gaɪl])
bugeilid (pl) [biˡgəɪlɪd]
(pl) (= bugeiliaid
[biˡgəɪljaɪd])
Also: bugilid# [biˡgi·lɪd]
bŭdur [ˡbi·dɪr] (adj) dirty; remarkable, splendid, wonderful (= budr, budur
[ˡbi·dɪr]
= dirty)
bāchan bûdur a splendid fellow,
a wonderful man
own ī wēti blīno'n fûdur I was tired out
Though
one might expect [d] > [t]; bûtur
[ˡbi·tɪr] does not occur as the [d] is from an expanded
consonant cluster and in such cases provection does not occur.
(Other spellings: bidir, fidir, budur, budir, fudur, fudir)
busnesan [bɪˡsnɛsan] (adj) go about one’s business (= ymbrysuro
[əmbrəˡsi·rɔ])
From Welsh (BUSNES = business) + (-AN verb suffix) > BUSNESAN
buta [ˡbɪta] (v)
eat (= bwyta
[ˡbuita])
bwa [bu·a] (nm) 1/ bow 2/ arch (= bwa [bu·a])
bwa’r wibran rainbow (‘bow (of the)
sky’)
From Old English or Middle English
Cf Dialect Words from North Somerset
Bow = Hump-backed stone bridge over water-course
http://www.ycccart.co.uk/index_htm_files/Dialect%20words%20in%20reports-2.pdf
bw̄cwth [ˡbu·kʊθ] (v) threaten (= bygwth [ˡbəgəθjɔ], bygwth [ˡbəgʊθ])
bŵl [bu:l] (nm) bowl (in game of bowling) (= bŵl
[bu:l])
Ynys-y-bŵl apparently ‘meadow of
the bowl’, bowling field
Note the use of the singular for the plural in Gwlad y Sais (‘Land of the
Englishman’ = England),
Gwlad y Basg (‘Land of the Basque man’, the Basque Country).
bwm [bʊm] (nm) county court bailiff (= bwmbeili [bʊmˡbəɪlɪ]) (Y Darian 25-06-1916)
bwms (pl) [bʊmz] (pl) bailiffs (= bwmbeiliaid [bʊmbəɪˡli·aɪd])
From English BUM, a short form for BAILIFF
(delwedd 5830)
Bum, or Bum-bailey, n. a broker’s man. ‘I heerd uz how Jack ‘ud got the bums in ‘is ‘ouse for rent.’ A Glossary
of Words and Phrases used in S.E. Worcestershire / Jesse Salisbury / 1893. (= I
heard as how Jack had got the bums in his house for rent”, had got the bums in
his house to remove goods for non-payment of the rent)
bwndal [ˡbʊndal] (nm) 1/ bundle (= sypyn, paced)
bwndal o papyra a bundle of papers
GPC: bwndel, from English BUNDLE
bwriātu [bʊrˡja·tɪ] (v) intend (= bwriadu [bʊrˡja·dɪ])
bwtshwr [ˡbʊʧʊr], (nm) butcher (= cigydd
[ˡki·gɪð])
bwtshwrz [ˡbʊʧʊrz] (pl) (= cigyddion
[kɪˡgəðjɔn])
From English BUTCHER, with the Welsh agent suffix -WR.
bȳd [bi:d] (nm) world (= byd [bi:d])
bynēddig [bəˡne·ðɪg]. See boneddig [bɔˡne·ðɪg]
Byr- shortened
form of aber in some place names
Byr-dɛ̄r for Aber-dɛ̄r
Byrtawa for Abertawa
bysa [ˡbəsa]
(v) it would be > basa [ˡbasa]
bỳth [bɪθ]
(adv) ever; (with negative) never
fyswn ī bỳth yn... I’d
never...
(= ni fuaswn byth yn.... [ni:
vɪˡa·sʊn bɪθ ən..])
am bỳth for
ever
Cymru
am bỳth Wales
for ever
NOTE: the ỳ
indicates a short ‘i’ sound [ɪ] where
normally in such a pattern (here a monosyllable with vowel + final ‘th’) the
vowel would be long. Cf nȳth [ni:θ] = a nest
bythewnos [bəˡθɛʊnɔs] (nm). Soft-mutated form
p > b.
See the radical form pythewnos (= fortnight, two weeks)
byti [ˡbətɪ]
butty,
buddy, friend, mate (= cyfaill [ˡkəvaɪɬ])
bytiz [ˡbətɪz]
(pl) (=
cyfeillion [kəˡvəɪɬjɔn])
Also bÿt [bət]
as a term of address.
NOTE: byti, bÿt
are
recent forms in south-eastern Welsh from English butty, butt.
In the case of ‘byti’, the older expression was partnar [ˡpartnar]
or
pantnar [ˡpantnar]
(= partner).
Rather than ‘bÿt’
men
were addressed as āchan of fāchan (= boy).
Also
used as a term of address was ‘brawd’
(without mutation, although the soft-mutated form ‘frawd’ might be expected’)
Byti is not listed in GPC (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru) but in GYA (Geiradur yr
Academi), under “buddy”, there is byti m[asculine noun] (bytis) S: F: (=
South Wales, Familiar / Colloquial)
1/ The word ‘butty’ was used by Forest of Dean
miners in Gloucestershire, in England, just over the Welsh border.
Keith Morgan / BBC Where I Live – Gloucestershire / 'Ow
bist thee awld butty?', the butty zyztem wuz a woy o' payment
in the pit wer the Butty Mon ould poy out a group o' miners workin' under 'im.
But the word 'Butty' wuz alzo
uzed az a word ver yer vrend ar mate. (= How are you, old butty / old mate? – the butty
system was
a way of payment in the pit where the Butty Man would pay out a group of miners
working under him.
But the word ‘butty’ was also used as a word for your friend or mate.) http://www.bbc.co.uk/gloucestershire/voices2005/glossary.shtml
2/ (Worcestershire): Upton on Severn Words and
Phrases. Robert Lawson. English Dialect Society. 1884. BUTTY, n.
A mate, or fellow-workman. A butty gang is a gang of men who share equally.
(Et(ymological) Dict(ionary).
bywyd [ˡbəwɪd] (nm) life (= bywyd [ˡbəwɪd])
bywyta [bəˡwəta] (pl) lives (= bywydau [bəˡwədaɪ])
cā [ka:]. See cɛ̄ [kwxyz]
cacamwci [kakaˡmʊkɪ] (nm) burdock (Arctium Lappa) (= cyngaf mawr [ˡkəŋgav
ˡmaur])
glyni wth (rwpath) ishta cacamwci
(Adapted from ‘Gobeithio y glŷn yr enw wrthynt fel topyn cacamwci’
Y Darian 25 Rhagfyr 1919)
(delwedd 5669)
cɛ̄ [kwxyz] (nm) field (= cae [kaɪ)]
cīa [ˡki·a]
(pl)
fields (= caeau
[ˡkəɪaɪ])
Pen-cɛ̄ [pɛnˡkwxyz] older name for Glynebwy / Ebbw Vale (pen y cae
= (place at) (the) end (of) the field))
cɛ̄l [kwxyzl] (v) get (= cael [kaɪl])
cɛ̄l annwd catch a cold,
get a cold
cɛ̄n [kwxyzn] (nf) song (= cân [ka:n])
canīon [kaˡni·ɔn]
(=
caneuon
[kaˡnəɪɔn])
Other
spellings and forms: canuon, canion
cɛ̄s [kwxyzs] (adj) nasty, bad (= cas [ka:s])
mwn llawar cɛ̄s in many
cases
cɛ̄s [kwxyzs] (v) he / she / it got (= caf’
[ˡkavɔð])
(Other spellings: cas, ces, cês, caes, ceâs)
cɛ̄th [kwxyzθ]
(nf) cat (= cath
[ka:θ])
cātha [ˡka·θa]
(pl) cats (= cathod [ˡka·θɔd])
fel
cɛ̄th Jenni Shâms
ā’i phawan ym mopath ond yr u*n sȳdd īsha īddo fōd be interfering in everything and not
attending to one’s own business
(adapted
from Y Darian 28 Chwefror 1889)
cāl [ka:l]. See cɛ̄l [kwxyzl] (= get)
calch [kalx] (nm) lime, chalk (= calch [kalx])
Also: cialch [kjalx]
càlon [ˡkalɔn] (nf) heart (= calon [ˡkalɔn])
ī-chī'n gweyd càlon y
gwīr you’re quite right (‘you’re saying the heart of the truth’)
gobītho ō gàlon fōd-a...
I really hope that he.. (‘hope + from + heart’)
NOTE: à in the spelling because the vowel is short; before ‘l’ we might expect
a half-long vowel, but historically the ‘l’ was a geminate, though there is no
special letter in Welsh to show this (Catalan has l·l, for example))
cam [kam] (nm) an injustice, a wong (= cam [kam])
cɛ̄l cam (gan) be wronged by, be done an injustice (by) (‘get
injustice with’)
camenwi
[kamˡɛnwɪ] (v) misname, wrongly name (= camenwi [kamˡɛnwɪ])
Camenwir Cwm Du
Cwm gwyn yw’n cwm ni
Rhyme from Llanfihangel Cwm Du, Brycheiniog /
Breconshire.
Cwm Du (black valley) is wrongly named / our valley
is a white valley (i.e. paradisaical)
camol [ˡkamɔl] (v) praise (= canmol [ˡkanmɔl])
CANMOL > CAMMOL > CAMOL
campus [ˡkampɪs] (adj) excellent (= campus [ˡkampɪs])
camsynad [kamˡsənad] (v) be mistaken, make a mistake (= camsynied
[kamˡsənjɛd]
NOTES: (1) typical of the south is the loss of the consonantal i at
the beginning of a final syllable
(2) In the south-east, a final e > a.
os
nɛ̄g w̄-ī’n camsynad ( = os nad wyf yn camsynied) if I’m not
mistaken
can [kan]
(nm) flour (= blawd
[blaud])
NOTES: Can is the southern word for flour, standard blawd.
It is connected with the adjective cannaid (= white, gleaming
white).
By Merthyrtudful there is a stream name Cannaid, and a
village Abercannaid.
The Latin word ‘candidus’ is related to the Welsh word; it appears in English
derivatives as ‘candid’ (= frank),
‘candidate’ (in Latin, candidatus = someone dressed in a white gown).
Blawd (= flour) is related to blodeuyn / blodyn (=
flower), just as in English “flour” and “flower”
are in fact one and the same word, albeit with different spellings.
In Catalan, ‘the best part of the flour, top-quality flour’ is la flor
de la farina, and in French fleur de farine,
which probably explains how of blawd- (= flower) in Welsh
and flower in English developed this new meaning:
flower > the best part of the powder of milled
grain > the powder of milled grain in general.
In the south-west of Wales fflŵr is used - from the
Middle English pronunciation of ‘flour’ [flu:r]
cân [ka:n] (western Gwentian) = cɛ̄n [kwxyzn] (= song)
canddo [ˡkanðɔ] (nm) fox (= llwynog [ˡɬuɪnɔg];
cadno [ˡkadnɔ])
cenddi [ˡkɛnðɪ] (pl)
foxes (= llwynogod
[ɬuɪˡnɔgɔd]; cadnöid [kadˡno·ɪd])
Metathesis
of the southern form cadno > canddo
Also
cynddo [ˡkənðɔ]
In New Inn, Pont-y-pŵl
there is a wood called Coed y Canddo (‘(the) wood (of) the fox’)
(or, locally, it would be Cōd y Canddo / Cōd Canddo).
In Blaenafon there is Twyn
Carn Canddo (= twyn carn y canddo) (‘the) hill (of) (the) cairn
(of) the fox’, fox-cairn hill).
The ‘intermediate definite article’ is
often lost in place names.
can’ [ˡkanɔð] (numeral, nm) hundred < cant [kant] hundred
Used before a consonant. Sometimes as a quasi-prefix.
canpunt one hundred pounds
cant [kant] (numeral, nm) hundred (= cant [kant])
cannodd [ˡkanɔð] (pl) hundreds (= cannoedd [ˡkanɔið])
dēg y cant ten per cent
carc [kark]
(nm) care, caution (= gofal
[ˡgo·val])
NOTE: From an English word CARC (=
care), from Norman, from Latin CARCÂRE < CARRICÂRE (= load, take charge
of)
Cardi [ˡkardɪ]
(nf) 1/ somebody from Ceredigion / Cardiganshire; 2/ (in Rhondda, etc) somebody
from rural west Wales (= Cardi [ˡkardɪ])
Cardiz [ˡkardɪz]
(pl) (= Cardis [ˡkardɪs])
(delwedd G3822)
carej [ˡkarɛʤ]
(nf) carriage (= cerbyd
[ˡkɛrbɪd])
cárejiz [ˡkarɛʤɪz]
(pl) (= cerbydau
[kɛrˡbədaɪ])
From English CARREDGE (= carriage
– (1) act of carrying; (2) a vehicle) < French
(delwedd B0415)
(delwedd B0418)
Carffīli [karˡfi·lɪ]
(nf) name of a town, spelt
as Caerphilly in English (= Caerffili
[kaɪrˡfi·lɪ])
Also: Cyrffīli [kərˡfi·lɪ]
carn [karn] (nf) 1/ cairn 2/ great quantity of, loads of (= carn
[karn])
carna [ˡkarna] (pl) (= carnau [ˡkarnai])
carn ō ddynon a great many
people
carrag [ˡkarag]
(nf) stone (= carreg
[ˡkarɛg])
cerrig (pl) [ˡkɛrɪg]
stones (= cerrig
[ˡkɛrɪg])
cās [ka:s] > cɛ̄s [kwxyzs] (= nasty, bad)
cās [ka:s] > cɛ̄s [kwxyzs] (= he / she / it got)
casag [ˡkasag]
(nf) mare (= caseg
[ˡkasɛg])
cesyg (pl) [ˡkɛsɪg]
mares (= cesyg
[ˡkɛsɪg])
castall [ˡkastaɬ]
(nf) castle (= castell [ˡkastɛɬ])
castella (pl) [kaˡstɛɬa]
castles (= cestyll
[ˡkɛstɪɬ])
Castall-nedd Neath (“(the) castle (of) (the lordship of) Neath”) - The
Norman demesne lordship of Neath was carved out of the Welsh commote of Afan
Latin CASTELLUM > Brythonic > Welsh CASTELL (> Gwentian Welsh CASTALL)
cātar [ˡka·tar]
(nf) chair (= cadair
[ˡka·daɪr])
cadeira / cadīra (pl) [kaˡdəɪra,
kaˡdi·ra]
chairs (= cadeiriau
[ˡkɛrɪg])
cātarn [ˡka·tarn]
(adj) strong (= cadarn
[ˡka·darn])
cāth [ka:θ]
> cɛ̄th [kwxyzθ]
(= cat)
cātw [ˡka·tʊ]
(v) keep (= cadw [ˡka·dʊ])
cātw’ch gair keep your word, do
what you have promised to do
(Other forms and spellings: catw, ciatw, gatw, giatw, chatw)
cēfan [ˡke·van]
(nm) back (= cefen
[ˡke·vɛn])
cefna (pl) [ˡkɛvna]
stones (= cefnau
[ˡkɛvnaɪ])
Also cefna > cenfa (metathesis
[vn] > [nv])
Y Cēfan [ə
ˡke·van] (nm) short form for
place names with ‘cēfan’ as the first element (= Y Cefn
[ə ˡke·vɛn])
1/ Cefncoedycymer
ar y Cēfan in Cefncoedycymer (Y
Goleuad 16-01-1901)
2/
Cefncribwr (Gwentian: Gēfancrīpwr)
Y Cēfan-cōch [ə
ˡke·van ˡko:x] (nm) place name (the red
back / ridge) (= Y Cefn-coch
[ə ˡke·vɛn ˡko:x])
(delwedd 5954)
Cēfancrīpwr [ˡke·van
ˡkri·pʊr] (nm) village name; this
former mining village is about a mile in length along the top of a ridge (= Cefncribwr [ˡke·vɛn
ˡkri·bʊr])
mā-fà’n byw ar
Gēfancrīpwr he lives in Cefncribwr (Tarian y Gweithiwr 10 Medi
1896: byw ar Gefan Cripwr)
Y Cēfan short name for the
village
The name as it stands today suggests that the underlying form is 'cefn y
cribwr' i.e. '(the) hill (of) the woolcomber'.
In place names the 'linking definite article' (y) is often dropped, hence 'cefn
cribwr'.
However, earlier forms have 'cribor'(1) which suggests that the second element
is some derivative form of 'crib', meaning 'ridge'.
A popular interpretation of the name in the past was that it was 'Cefn Cribwr'
'(the) ridge (of) Cribwr', Cribwr being the name of a giant. (2)
In the nineteenth-century the name was misspelt with a double 'b' in English
(Cefn Cribbwr), as a single 'b' to English-speakers suggests that the first
syllable should be pronounced as the English word 'cry'.
The correct Welsh spelling for the ridge itself is Cefn Cribwr, and for the
village Cefncribwr. This is a useful spelling convention that has evolved in
modern Welsh and was set out in .... (3)
The Gwentian name (i.e. the name in south-eastern Welsh, or the regional
variety of Welsh spoken in Monmouthshire and Glamorganshire) was Cefan Cripwr
[ke·van kri·pur] (4)
cēffyl [ˡke·fɪl]
(nm) horse (= ceffyl [ˡke·fɪl])
ceffyla [kɛˡfəla]
(pl) horses (= ceffylau
[kɛˡfəlaɪ])
Also: cyffyla [kəˡfəla]
cefnōcath [kɛvˡno·kaθ]
(nf) support, backing (= cefnogaeth [kɛvˡno·gaɪθ])
ceibir [ˡkəɪbɪr]
(v) roof beam (= ceibr [ˡkəɪbɪr])
ceibra# [ˡkəɪbra]
(pl) (= ceibrau [ˡkəɪbraɪ])
The word is seen in the village name Penrwceibir (= Pen-rhiw’r-ceibr / Pen-rhiw-ceibr)
ceiad [ˡkəɪad] (v) to close, to shut (= cau [kaɪ])
Also cīad [ˡki·ad]
ceisho [ˡkəɪʃɔ]
(v) try (= ceisio [ˡkəɪʃɔ,
ˡkəɪsjɔ])
Also cīsho [ˡki·ʃɔ]
cemist [ˡkɛmɪst]
(nm) chemist (= fferyllydd
[fɛˡrəɬɪð],
cemist
[ˡkɛmɪst])
cemists [ˡkɛmɪsts]
(pl) chemists (= fferyllwyr
[fɛˡrəɬwɪr],
cemist
[kɛˡmɪstjaɪd])
cen- [kɛn]
(-) a reduction of cefn (= back, hill) as a first element in certain in place
names. See Cen-don.
(cen- is also the first - but unrelated - element in cefnder = cousin. See cendar.)
cendar
[ˡkɛndar] (nm) (male) cousin (= cefnder [ˡkɛvndɛr])
CEFNDER > (loss of [v]) > CENDER (> Gwentian CENDAR)
Cendon
[ˡkɛndɔn] (nm) place name (= Cefndon [ˡkɛvndɔn])
(CEFN = ridge) + soft mutation + (TON = greensward, grassland) ‘ridge
greensward, greensward on a ridge’
(delwedd 5951)
cēra
[ˡke·ra] (v) go (second person
singular imperative) (= cer [kɛr])
cēra draw i’r shop go down to
the shop, go up to the shop, go out to the shop
cèrad
[ˡkɛrad] (v) walk (= cerdded [ˡkɛrðɛd])
NOTE: The basic southern spoken form of cerdded is cèred (loss
of dd) and this is the usual form in south-west Wales. In the south east,
final e > a, hence cèred > cèrad
cetyn
[ˡkɛtɪn] (nm) 1/ fragment 2/
short while (= tipyn [ˡtɪpɪn])
o*
getyn *o ffordd not by a long chalk
nìd
felni ma* nw*’n gneud o* getyn o* ffordd
ÿs cetyn
1/ a while ago; 2/ for a while
(CAT = fragment) + (-YN diminutive suffix) > *CATYN > CETYN (vowel
affection A > E)
(Other forms and spellings: getyn, cetin, getin, chetyn, chetin)
chà [xa]
(v) bring (= dewch â [deux
ˡa:])
DEWCH
 > DEWCHA > (loss of the first pretonic syllable in a phrase e.g.
DEWCHA’R BARA... = CHÀ’R BARA)
Noted by T. Arwyn Watkins, The Accent in Cwm Tawe Welsh
chytig [ˡxətɪg]
(nm) a little bit; very few people (= ychydig [əˡxədɪg])
chytig iawn ōdd ar y cei very
few people were on the quay
YCHYDIG > Gwentian
YCHYTIG > (loss of pre-tonic syllable) CHYTIG
ceisho [ˡkəɪʃɔ]
(v) try (= ceisio [ˡkəɪʃɔ,
ˡkəɪsjɔ])
Also cīsho [ˡki·ʃɔ]
cī [ki:]
(nm) dog (= ci [ki:])
cw^n [ku:n]
(= cw^n [ku:n])
ci sodlo (“dog (of) following hard on the heels”) underling
“Ci
Sodlo - An underling. “Mae e'n folon bod yn gi sodlo i bawb." (He is
willing to be un underling to everybody).
Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar
to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.”
cīlo [ˡki·lɔ]
(v) retreat (= cilio [ˡkɪljɔ])
Mà’r glaw wēti cīlo the
rain’s moved off
cīsho [ˡki·ʃɔ].
See ceisho
citsho [ˡkɪʧɔ]
(v) get hold of (= cydio [ˡkədjɔ])
ī gitshas ī yn y ffon I
got hold of the stick
(Other forms and spellings: citcho, citchas, gitchas, citshas, chitcho,
gitshas, chitchas, chitshas, citchws, gitchws, citshws, gitshws, chitchws,
chitshws, citchon, gitchon, citshon, gitshon, chitchon, chitshon)
cīwaid [ˡki·waɪd]
(nf) rabble, mob, scum, lowlifes (= ciwed [ˡki·wɛd])
Welsh < British < Latin CĪVITĀS
(= citizenship; citizenry, community; Celtic tribe or subkingdom under Roman
rule in Gaul and Britain)
ciwt [kiut]
(adj) cunniong (= cyfrwys [ˡkəvruɪs])
mà
gwȳr y cwils mōr giwt â’r gaffars bōb tamad
(11-06-1899 Tarian y Gweithiwr) The lawyers are every bit as cunning as the
employers
English CUTE < ACUTE
clādd
[kla:ð].
See clɛ̄dd [klwxyzð]
clāddi [ˡkla·ðɪ]
(v) bury (= claddu [ˡkla·ðɪ])
clɛ̄dd [klwxyzð]
(nm) interment, burial; potato clamp (= cladd [kla:ð])
dan glɛ̄dd (adv) buried
clɛ̄dd pytatws potato
clamp
See also angladd (= burial,
funeral).
Cf a similar concept in English. BURY. n. A storage of roots covered with earth.
Pronounced as berry. (Worcestershire): Upton on Severn Words and Phrases.
Robert Lawson. English Dialect Society. 1884.
(Other forms and spellings: cledd, cladd)
clapo [ˡklapɔ]
(v) clap, applaud (= curo dwylo [ˡki·rɔ
ˡduilɔ])
clapo mawr great applause
From English CLAP (CLAP) + (-IO verbal suffix) > CLAPIO > CLAPO
clarc [klark]
(nm) clerk (= clerc [klɛrk])
From English CLERK [klark], Standard Welsh retains an earlier English
prounciation [klɛrk]),
before the change <er> to <ar>
clàs [klas]
(nm) 1/ class = lesson 2/ class = group of people (= dosbarth [ˡdɔsbarθ])
Wath fe all
y beirdds shiffto heb docins yn well na dim un class arall, wath ma nhw yn byw
y rhau fwya o'u hamsar yn myd yr ysbrydoedd, lle nag yw bara chaws ddim yn y
ffashwn, a ma nhw yn gallu byw yn hen, hen, ar scili Ceridwen; (Tarian y
Gweithiwr. 27 Gorffennaf 1899)
Because the poets can get by / can manage without money better than any other
class [of people], because they live most of their time in the world of
spirits, where bread and cheese is not in fashion, and they can live to be very
old (to be old, old) on Ceridwen’s skilly (= bread and water)
From English CLASS
clasgu [ˡklasgɪ]
(v) collect (= casglu [ˡkasglɪ])
Metathesised form of CLASGU.
See kimkat0926e Nodweddion y Wenhwyseg /
Features of Gwentian.
clatshan [ˡklaʧan] (nf) 1/ blow (= ergyd
[ˡɛrgɪd])
2/ attractive female, stunner (= merch
aruthrol o hardd [ˡmɛrx aˡrɪθrɔl
o: ˡharð])
clatshiz [klaʧɪz] (pl) (= ergydion
[ɛrgədˡjɔn])
From English dialect
CLATCH = a slap. Cf A Scots Dialect Dictionary, Comprising The Words In Use
From The Latter Part Of The Seventeenth Century To The Present Day. Alexander
Warrack, M.A. 1911.Clatch...a slap with the palm of the hand; the noise of the collision
of soft bodies or
of a heavy fall.
clawd [klaud]
(adj) poor (= tlawd [tlaud])
Clawd ā balch ā byw mwn gōpath = poor and pround and living in hope
(an answer to the question Shẁd ī chī?
= How are you?)
Cf 1/ the village nickname for Pons-an-woedh (Ponsanooth) in Cornwall: “Poor
and Proud.”
2/ Said also to refer formerly to the inhabitants of County Laois in Ireland -
“the poor and pround”.
3/ Also said of the village of Harborne in Staffordshire: “Hungry Harborne,
poor and proud.”
clean breast [kli:n ˡbrɛst]
(-) (Englishism)
neud clean
breast ō make a clean breast of (= confess everything you are
guilty of)
clec [klɛk]
(nf) 1/ sharp sound, a cracking noise, a snapping noise (= clec [klɛk]);
2/ tittle-tattle, gossip, tales, chat (= gwag-siarad
[gwa:g ˡʃa·rad])
3/ gossipmonger
clecs [klɛks]
(pl) (= straeon [ˡstrəɪɔn])
pen y glec [pɛn
ə ˡglɛk]) "top (of) the
chat" – a place (bridge, street corner, etc) where people come together to
chat after work or after a chapel service (Source: GPC)
cario clecs tell tales (‘carry
gossip’)
From English CLACK (= a sharp sound; chatter).
NOTES: The West Somerset Word-Book; A Glossary Of Dialectal And Archaic Words
And Phrases Used In The West Of Somerset And East Devon / Frederick Thomas
Elworthy / 1886. “Clack = Chatter. [Oa·l dhee tlaa·k, wút] Stop thy chatter,
wilt!”
(= Hold thy clack, wilt [thou]!)
(delwedd 5771)
CLACK.
— A woman who is always chattering. A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases.
Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialect
Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard
spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’)
clecian [ˡklɛkjan]
(v) gossip (= clepian [ˡklɛpjan])
cl*a*dd [klwxyzð]
(nm) alternative spelling of clɛ̄dd
[klwxyzð]
(nm) interment, burial; potato clamp
clēfyd [ˡkle·vɪd]
(nm) illness, sickness (= clefyd [ˡkle·vɪd])
clefyta [klɛˡvəta]
(pl) (= clefydau [klɛˡvədaɪ])
clēpar [ˡkle·par]
(nm) talk, gossip (= mân-siarad [ˡma:n
ˡʃa·rad],
clebr [ˡkle·bɛr])
pwnc clēpar a talking point, a
subject of discussion
rẁ glēpar di-ben-draw constant gossip (‘some
interminable gossip’)
From English GLEBBER (> Welsh CLEBER (> Gwentian CLĒPAR)).
The word occurs in modern Lowlandic
or Scots. A Dictionary of the Scottish Language. John Jamieson. 1846. To
glabber, glebber. To speak indistinctly 2 To chatter, to talk idly.
Roxb[urghshire], Dumfr[iesshire].
Initial English G > Welsh C occurs
in other loanwords – e.g. ‘cwter’ (street gutter), though ‘gwter’ also occurs;
in North-west Wales, in some districts Gwilym (= William) might become
“Cwilym”;
cloc [klɔk]
(nm) clock (= clec [klɔk])
cloc Tredēcar the Tredegar
clock (wikipedia 13-09-2020: “One of Tredegar's main
attributes is the Town Clock, dominating the southern part of the town centre.[21] The clock was made
by JB Joyce & Co of Whitchurch,
Shropshire and was the idea of Mrs. R. P. Davies, the wife of the Tredegar
Ironworks manager, who had decided that she wanted to present a "lofty
illuminated clock"….”
English CLOCK
clofersan [klɔˡvɛrsan]
(nf) clover, a clover plant (= meillionen [məɪɬˡjo·nɛn])
clofars [ˡklo·vars]
(pl) clover, clover plants (= meillion [ˡməɪɬjɔn])
bōd yn ÿch clōfarz be
in clover = be in comfort or luxury (‘be in your clovers’)
From English CLOVERS (+ singlative suffix -EN) clofersen > clofersan
clōs
[klos] (adj) close, near (= agos [ˡa·gɔs])
yn glōs īdd-i gīddyl
close to each other
clowt
[klout] (nm) clout, blow, smack
(= ergyd [ˡɛrgɪd])
clowts [klouts]
(pl) (= ergydion [ˡɛrgətdjɔn])
roi cw̄pwl ō glowts ī...
give a couple of clouts to...
clust
[klɪst] (nm) ear (= clust [klɪst])
clusta [ˡklɪsta] (pl) (= clustiau [ˡklɪstjaɪ])
A feminine noun in North Wales and in standard Welsh.
clw̄ad
[ˡklu·ad]
(v) hear (= clywed [ˡkləwɛd])
chlwas
i ddim am.. I heard nothing about.. I
didn’t hear about.
clwtyn [ˡklʊtɪn] (nm)
cloth (= cadach [ˡka·dax],
clwtyn [ˡklʊtɪn])
clwta# [ˡklʊta]
(pl) (= cadachau [kaˡdaxa],
clytiau [ˡklətjaɪ])
clwtyn
parth dishcloth
Clytach [ˡklətax]
(nf) village name, Rhondda (= Clydach
[ˡklədax])
Also Clitach [ˡklɪtax]
cnac [knak]
(nm) trick (= cast [kast],
tric [trik])
cnacs [knaks]
(pl) (= castiau [ˡkastjaɪ],
clytiau [ˡtrikjaɪ])
cnacs
?rigmarole, incoherent talk
cnau [knaɪ]
(v) to clean (= glanháu [glanˡhaɪ])
Also clau.
Cf North Wales llnau, nhau.
Tsharli Cnau Lavz (nickname) Charlie (of the) cleaning of toilets,
Charlie who cleans toilets
‘Charlie
C’nau Lavs’ Llysenwau Pontardawe a'r Cylch (= nicknames of Pontardawe and the
neighbouring area)
http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cwmgors/Llysenwauponty.html
ORIGIN: Variant of GLANHÁU
(= to clean).
cnel [knɛl]
(nm) canal (= camlas [ˡkamlas])
A reduction of Welsh CANÉL, from Middle English
CANÉL (= channel), from a French form with initial c- CANÉL (Francien, the
dialect which is the basis of standard French, has initial ch- where other
dialects have initial c-; thus from Francien CHANNÉL); ultimately from Latin
CANÂLIS (= pipe, groove).
ar bont y cnel on the canal bridge
cnoian [ˡknɔɪan]
(nf) nut, hazel nut; (= cneuan [ˡknəɪan])
cnoi [knɔɪ]
(pl) nuts, hazel nuts; (= cnau [knaɪ])
cnithdar [ˡknɪθdar]
(nf) (female) cousin (= cyfnither [kəvˡni·θɛr])
(the ‘d’ is intrusive = cnithar
influenced by the final syllable of cendar
(male cousin))
Twm Gŵr i Gnithdar (= nickname
for a man who married his cousin) (Tarian y Gweithiwr 23-06-1876: Twm Gwr ei
Gnithder, Y Graigarw, Ystalyfera)
CYFNITHER > (loss of [v]) CY’NITHER > C’NITHER > CNITHDAR (intrusive
[d]) > (Gwentian CNITHDAR)
cnoi [knɔɪ]
(pl) nuts, hazel nuts; (= cnau [knaɪ])
See cneian
cōd
[ko:d] (nm) wood (group of trees). woodland (= coed [kɔɪd])
coedydd
[ˡkɔɪdɪð]
(pl) woods (= coedydd [ˡkɔɪdɪð])
yn y cōd in the wood
Common in place names in the south – Pen-coed > Pen-cōd, a village by Pen-y-bont
ar Ōgwr
In the south, oe [ôi] in a monosyllable becomes a long
vowel ō [o:].
Cōdygōras, Cōdgōras
[ko:d ə ˡgo·ras, ko:d ˡgo·ras]
A
farm and now a housing estate (and name of a street) in Llanedern, Caer-dydd,
on the land of the former farm.
A
High Sheriff of Glamorgan in the 1700s was William Morgan of Coedygores (1722)
Standard
Welsh: the wood itself is Coed y Gores, and the farm Coedygores.
The
present name in Llanedern is in standard Welsh but misspelt as “Coed-y-Gores”
instead of “Coedygores”.
The
local form has “goras” (in Gwentian a final syllable “e” becomes “a”. In place
names with a linking “y” (the definite article), this “y”
is
often omitted. The first element “coed” is “cōd” in southern Welsh.
gōras [ˡgo·ras]
(nm) (place names) unenclosed land,
waste land (= gores [ˡgo·rɛs])
ORIGIN: (COED = wood) +
(Y definite article) + (GORES = unenclosed land, waste land) “(the) wood (by)
the wasteland” ) possibly a landscape similar to this photo near Ranskill in
Lincolnshire, England)
Standard Welsh GORES [ˡgo·rɛs],
possibly the same word as GORES = dwelling; land, which is cognate with Old
Irish FORUS (= basis, foudation; resting place, dwelling) and modern Irish
FORAS (= basis; institution)
1776: Coed y Goras / Cod y Goras
“Blanch Williams of Coed
y Goras, spinster, daughter of John Williams of Coed y Goras, gent., and
only child and heir at law of Elizabeth Williams, deceased (late wife of the
said John Williams, formerly Elizabeth Morgan, spinster,… All that capital
messuage or mansion house called Cod y Goras situated in par.
Llanedeyrn, co. Glam… 29 May 1776 (The Rickards Family of Usk Priory – Records.
Gwent Archives)
1848: Coedgoras
(delwedd G3825)
1888: Coedygoras
(delwedd G3823)
1909: Coed-y-Goras
(delwedd
G3824)
Cōd-y-lai
[ko:d ə ˡlaɪ]
(nm) farm name; Englished as Coedely (= Coedelái [kɔɪdɛˡlaɪ])
(at Coed-y-Lai farm... Cadrawd, Cardiff Times, 22-08-1908).
The name Coedelái (coed + Elái) has been misunderstood as coed + y + Lai.
cofio [ˡkɔvjɔ]
(v) remember (= cofio [ˡkɔvjɔ])
cofia-dī
(imperative) remember, you must
remember (= cofia di)
mī gofia-ī am ÿch
promis-chī I’ll remember your promise
coeca [ˡkɔɪka]
(nm) hilltop sheepwalk (= coetgae [ˡkɔɪtgaɪ];
spelt erroneously in place names as coedcae). See Y Coica, Pencoica.
Also cotga [ˡkɔtga]
Welsh COETGAE = field < land enclosed with wood or bushes < enclosure
made with wood or bushes
Y Coeca [ə
ˡkɔɪka] (nm) (= Y Coetgae [ə
ˡkɔɪtgaɪ].
Names of various places. Wrongly spelt on maps as Coedcae, or even as Coed Cae;
in the example below, the local pronunciation (coica) is reproduced in the
English spelling of the name (coyca))
(delwedd 5704)
1/ Danycoeca (standard Welsh
Danycoetgae; spelt erroneously locally as Dan y Coedcae) name of a road in
Pont-y-pridd (= dan y coetgae;
(farm) below the upland grazing)
2/ ‘Coedcae’ street name in Tir-phil, Tedegar Newydd / New Tredegar. i.e. Y Coeca (Gwentian) / Y Coetgae (correct standard Welsh
spelling)
‘Coedcae Court’, a street in Twynyrodyn, Merthyrtudful, is mentioned thus in
‘The Commercial Gazette’ for June 22, 1876: Williams
William, 18 Coika-court, Twynyrodyn... The street name seems to represent
an original Coeca-cwrt, Coeca’r-cwrt
(the upland of Y Cwrt).
coino
[ˡkɔɪnɔ]
(v) to coin (= bathu [ˡba·θɪ])
coino arian (‘coin money’) to make a mint,
to make a lot of money, to coin it
collad [ˡkɔɬad]
(nf) 1/ loss (= colled [ˡkɔɬɛd])
2/ madness, insanity (= gwallgofrwydd [gwaɬˡgɔvrʊið])
wyrthin fel sa collad arno laugh as though
he was mad (‘as if there was a madness on him’)
ala collad ar infuriate(‘send
madness on’)
consylteishwn [kɔnsəlˡtəɪʃʊn]
(nm) consultation (= ymgynghoriad [əmgəŋˡhɔrjad])
consylteishwnz [kɔnsəlˡtəɪʃʊnz]
(pl) (= ymgynghoriadau [əmgəŋhɔrˡja·daɪ])
copa [ˡkɔpa]
(nf) 1/ top 2/ head (= pen [pɛn])
pōb copa walltog a* diwallt
everybody (= every head with hair and without hair)
copor [ˡkɔpɔr]
(nm) copper (= copr [ˡkɔpɔr])
gwaith copor copper works
From English COPPER
copri [ˡkɔprɪ]
(v) become cloudy, get
cloudy, become overcast, get overcast, become dull, get dull (= cymylu [kəˡməlɪ])
(COPOR = copper) + (-I verbal suffix)
Cf A tawny or coppery sky foretells wind. (Manual Of Navigation / Robert
Assheton Napier, Lieut. R.N.R. / 1877.)
cōrad [ˡko·rad]
(nf) weir (= cored [ˡko·rɛd])
Y Gōrad-ddu Blackweir,
Caer-dydd / Cardiff
cornal [ˡkɔrnal]
(nm) corner (= cornel
[ˡkɔrnɛl])
cornēli [kɔrˡne·lɪ]
(pl) (= corneli
[kɔrˡne·lɪ])
ym mōb tw̄ll ā chornal
in every nook and cranny, everywhere (‘in every hole and corner’)
cornwd
[ˡkɔrnʊd]
(nm) boil (= cornwyd [ˡkɔrnʊɪd])
cornwdydd? = cornwydydd
[kɔrˡnʊɪdɪð]
corryn
[ˡkɔrɪn]
(nm) spider (= pryf cop [ˡpri:v
ˡkɔp])
we*ti llyncu corryn be pregnant (‘[be]
after swallowing (a) spider’)
cōs
[ko:s] (nm) leg (= coes [kɔɪs])
coesa [ˡkɔɪsa]
legs (= coesau [ˡkɔɪsaɪ])
tynnu
dy gōs-dì pull your leg
cosach [ˡkɔsax]
(v) scratch (= crafu [ˡkra·vɪ])
“Cosach - To scratch. Gosach i giddyl - Said of two
persons who flatter each other.” Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October1908.
Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.
cot
[kɔt]
(nf) coat (= côt [ko:t])
cota [ˡkɔta]
(pl) (= cotiau [ˡkɔtjaɪ])
cot gwt fain tail coat
cou [kɔɪ]
(adj) hollow (in place
names) (= cau [kaɪ])
Ynys-gou [ˡənɪs
ˡgɔɪ] (Rhondda) (= hollow water
meadow) (= Ynys-gau
[ˡənɪs
ˡgaɪ])
Also:
Dôl-gou
[do:l ˡgɔɪ])
(in the Tywi valley, Bethlehem, Sir Gaerfyrddin / Carmarthenshire) (= hollow
water meadow)
Waun-gou
[ˡwaɪn ˡgɔɪ]
(Allt-mawr, Sir Frycheiniog / Breconshire) (“hollow meadow”) (= Waun-gau [ˡwaɪn
ˡgaɪ])
cownsil [ˡkɔunsɪl]
(nm) council = local
authority (= cyngor [ˡkəŋɔr])
A Cymricisation of the English word ‘council’.
cownt [kɔunt]
(nm) 1/ count (= rhifiad [ˡhri·vjad])
2/ account, report (= adroddiad [aˡdrɔðjad])
āc yn ōl pōb cownt ī-nī wēdi g*a*l according to all accounts we’ve had
English COUNT
cownto [ˡkɔuntɔ]
(v) count (= rhifo [ˡhri·vɔ])
a
chownto popath gyta’ì gīddyl
all in all (“counting everything together”)
English COUNT > (Welsh COWNT) + (-IO verbal suffix) > COWNTIO > COWNTO
crācan [ˡkra·gan]
(nf) shell (= cragen
[ˡkra·gɛn])
crēcyn [ˡkre·kɪn]
(pl) (= cregyn
[ˡkre·gɪn])
crācan gocs, crēcyn cocs
cockle shell
crāch [ˡkra·x]
(pl) see crāchan (= scab)
crāchach [ˡkra·xax]
(pl) petty
gentry; said of people who are pompous, snooty, high-and-mighty, stuck-up (= crachach [ˡkra·xax])
CRĀCH (= scabs) + (-ACH = diminutive suffix; suggests contempt)
crāchan [ˡkra·xan]
(pl) scab (= crachen
[ˡkra·xɛn])
PLURAL: crɛ̄ch (=
crach
[ˡkra:x])
cramp [kramp]
(nm) grip, hold, clutch (= gafael [ˡga·vaɪl])
cɛ̄l cramp ar get hold of
English CRAMP = cramp iron, clamp, < Middle Low German or Middle Dutch. Cf
German DIE KRAMPE = 1/ cramp iron (strip of metal with both ends bent at a
right angle); clamp 2/ staple
cratsh [kraʧ]
(nm) manger crib (with
f’er for cattle) (GPC: cratsh in Glamorgan, south-western cretsh) (= rhesel [ˡhrɛsɛl])
cratshyz [ˡkraʧɪz] (pl) (=
rheseli [hrɛˡse·lɪ])
From English CRATCH = fodder rack
NOTE: (Herefordshire dialect) Cratch: farm
rack or manger for hay
Hereford Times / 12
December 2015 / http://www.herefordtimes.com/news/14140019.55_long_lost_Herefordshire_sayings_and_words/
Cratch: a rack for hay in a stable. A Glossary Of Provincial Words Used In
Herefordshire And Some Of The Adjoining Counties. Sir George Cornewall Lewis.
1839.
crefyddol [krɛˡvəðɔl]
(adj) religious (= crefyddol
[krɛˡvəðɔl])
Also cryfyddol [krəˡvəðɔl].
See note 4.
crēcyn [ˡkre·kɪn]
shells. See crācan
crētu [ˡkre·tɪ]
(v) believe (= credu [ˡkre·dɪ]
= dirty)
dw̄
ī ddim yn crētu fōd...
I don’t believe that...
òs nāg y*ch chī’n y nghrētu-ī
gofynnwch-chī ī Mōcyn if you don’t believe me ask Mocyn
Also cēti [ˡke·tɪ]
crōci [ˡkro·kɪ]
(v) hang (= crogi [ˡkro·gɪ])
mà īsha grōci-fa he
ought to be hanged, he deserves to be hanged (= y mae eisiau ei grogi ef –
“there is wanting of his hanging-(of)-him”)
paso sentans ar ddȳn ī gɛ̄l ī grōci
sentence a man to be hanged
crōs [kro:s]
(nf) 1/ cross (= croes [kroɪs]) 2/ crossroads (= croesffordd [ˡkroɪsfɔrð])
In
Treforys the village crossroads is Y Crôs, i.e. a masculine noun and so without
soft mutation
cròs [krɔs]
(nf) crossroads (= croes [kroɪs])
(delwedd 5971)
|
|
Crōs-pen-mɛ̄n [ˡkro:s pɛn
ˡmwxyzn]
(nf) name of village near Y Crymlyn / Crumlin (= Croes-pen-maen [ˡkroɪs
pɛn
ˡmain])
Archifau Gwent: D298/23/1 Copy Court Roll Manor of Abercarn Surrender and
Admittance 1.... “the highway leading from Cross Penmayne towards Aberbeeg...
17 Jun 1783”. (The English spelling Penmayne shows the Gwentian pronunciation)
(Other spellings: Croespenmaen, Croespenmain, Cross Penmain, Croos Pen Main)
(delwdd 5948)
crotan [ˡkrɔtan]
(nf) lass, girl (= merch [ˡmɛrx])
crotesi [krɔˡtɛsɪ]
(pl) (= merched [ˡmɛrxɛd])
(CROT = child) + (-EN
feminine diminutive suffix) > CROTEN (> Gwentian CROTAN).
crots [krɔts]
(pl) lads. See crotyn
crotyn [ˡkrɔtɪn]
(nm) lad, boy (= bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn] (nm))
crots [krɔts] (pl) (= bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɪn])
pan ōn ī’n grotyn when I was a lad
CROT < CRWT < English dialect CRUT (occurs nowadays in the north of
England and southern Scotland) = smallest pig in a litter, youngest bird in a
brood, puny child.
(CROT) + (-YN diminutive suffix) > CROTYN.
crwt [krʊt]
(nm) lad, boy (= bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn] (nm))
crwts [krɔts] (pl) (= bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɛn])
From
English dialect CRUT = smallest pig in a litter, youngest bird in a brood, puny
child. “Crut” occurs nowadays in the north of England and southern Scotland.
.....
(delwedd 5896)
CRUT, a dwarf, or anything curbed in
its growth.
.....
(delwedd 5897)
“CROOT, sb. [substantive] Sc. [Scotland] Also in form krute Rxb.
[Roxburghshire]; crute (Jam.). [Jamieson 1808-1825] A puny, feeble child; the
youngest bird of a brood; the smallest pig of a litter. See Crut, sb.1
[substantive 1]”. The English dialect dictionary, being the complete vocabulary
of all dialect words still in use, or known to have been in use during the last
two hundred years. Volume 6. Supplement, A-Y. Joseph Wright. 1905.
.....
(delwedd 5898)
CRUT, sb.1 [substantive 1] Sc. [Socotland]. Pem. [Pembrokeshire]. Also in form
crot. 1 A short person. Ayr. [Ayrshire] WALLACE Schoolmaster (1899) 346. 2. A
lad, not necessarily stunted. Pem. [Pembrokeshire]. (J.S.O.T.)
The English dialect dictionary, being the complete vocabulary of all dialect
words still in use, or known to have been in use during the last two hundred
years. Volume 1. A-C. 1898.
Joseph Wright. 1905.
.....
cryndod [ˡkrəndɔd]
(nm) shaking, quiver, quivering (= cryndod [ˡkrəndɔd])
gita
cryndod yn ī laish in a shaky voice (“with shaking /
quivering in his voice”)
cūddo [ˡki·ðɔ]
(v) hide (= cuddio [ˡkɪðjɔ])
cŭs [ki:s]
(nm) kiss (= cusan [ˡkɪsan])
cŭsa# [ˡkɪsa]
(pl) (= cusanau [ˡkɪsa·naɪ])
From Old English CUSS (= kiss). Standard CUSAN is probably (CUS) + (-AN =
diminutive suffix). Cf German DER KUSS (= kiss), Dutch DE KUS (nm) (= kiss),
Swiss German KÜSSLI / CHÜSSLI.
Ō’r lìli fɛ̄ch rō gŭs
ī mī (< o’r lili fach rho gus i mi) (Tarian y Gweithiwr
06-12-1888) (oh little lily give me a kiss)
cusan [ˡkɪsan]
(nm) kiss (= cusan [ˡkɪsan])
cusāna# [ˡkɪsa·na]
(pl) (= cusanau [ˡkɪsa·naɪ])
rō gusan eto (< rho gusan
eto) (Tarian y Gweithiwr 06-12-1888) give me another kiss (‘give a kiss again’)
ORIGIN: See cŭs
cwáliti
[ˡkwalɪtɪ]
(nm) quality (= ansawdd [ˡansauð])
cwato
[ˡkwatɔ]
(v) hide (= cuddio [ˡkɪðjɔ])
Cf
1/ Quat The shape made in the grass where a hare has rested (i.e. in standard
English, a ‘form’)
Dialect Words from North Somerset 2015 Vince Russett
http://www.ycccart.co.uk/index_htm_files/Dialect%20words%20in%20reports-2.pdf
2/ QUAT. — Used sometimes instead of “squat." A Glossary Of Berkshire
Words And Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The
English Dialect Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I
have heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’)
These are pronounced [kwot] in modern English, but would earlier have been
[kwat], which was the pronunciation when the word was taken into Welsh.
cw̄b [ku:b]
(nm) coop (for hens, pigeons) (= cwt [kʊt] (nm))
From English COOB [ku:b].
Cf. 1/ COOB.—
Coop. A hen-coop is a “hen-coob.” A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases. Major
B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialect Society.
1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard spoken in
Mid-Berkshire.’)
2/
Also in USA. ...a poultry "coob". (coop).
(Frontier Feud: 1819-20: How Two Officers Quarreled All the Way to the Site of
Fort Snelling / Helen McCann White / Vol. 42, No. 3, Fall, 1970. pp. 99-114.
Minnesota Historical Society Press.)
3/ Ireland (Luimneach / Limerick). Tales of My
Neighbourhood, Volume 1. 1835. Gerald Griffin. ...and some chickens that
were in a coob at the other end o’
the place.
4/ Irish cúb (= hen coop) < English coob.
5/ COOB. A hen-coop. Wilts. (= Wiltshire). A Dictionary of Archaic and
Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs and Ancient Customs from the
Fourteenth Century. Volume 1. 1846. James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps.
6/ Dictionary of the
Welsh Language: Explained in English. William Owen Pughe. 1832. Cwb ieir, a hen
pen; cwb ci, a dog kennel, or cote; cwb colomenod, a dove cote.
cwar [kwar] (nm) quarry (= chwarel
[ˡxwa·rɛl])
cwarra [ˡwara] (= chwareli
[xwaˡre·lɪ])
Clōs y Cwarra modern street name
in Sain Ffagan / Saint Fagans, Caer-dydd / Cardiff (= Y Cwarra Close, or close
of the quarries)
(delwedd 5963)
Y Cwarra Mawr place in Caerffili (apparently
‘greater Cwarra’, referring to a farm called Y Cwarra = the quarries)
(delwedd B0421)
cwcw [ˡkʊkʊ]
(nf) cuckoo (= cog [co:g])
cwcŵod# [kʊˡkuɔd]
(= cog [ˡko·gaɪ])
cwīddyl [ˡkwi·ðɪl]
(nm) shame (= cywilydd [ˡkəwi·lɪð])
rhāg cwīddyl ī tī! shame on you! for shame! you ought to be
ashamed of yourself!
CYWILYDD > C’WILYDD > (metathesis L-DD
> DD-L) CWIDDYL
cwlffyn [ˡxətɪg]
(nm) a little bit; very few people (= ychydig [əˡxədɪg])
cwlffyn o fara chaws Carffili a lump
of bread and Caerffili cheese
cwm
[kʊm]
(nm) valley (= cwm [kʊm])
cymydd [ˡkəmɪð] (pl) (=
cymydd [ˡkəmɔɪð]
yn
y cwm mà in this valley
yn yn cymydd nī in our valleys
cwmp
[kʊmp]
(nm) rockfall, fall of rock in a mine or quarry (= cwymp
[kuɪmp])
dāth cwmp arno a rock fell on him, the roof fell on him (‘a rockfall
came on him’)
dōd ī ddiwadd o dan
gwmp (= dod i’w diwedd) die in a rockfall (‘come
to his end under a fall’)
cwmpo [ˡkʊmpɔ]
(v) fall (= cwympo
[ˡkuɪmpɔ];
syrthio [ˡsərθjɔ])
Note 100: www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_geiriaduron/geiriadur-gwenhwyseg-nodiadau_100_wy-cwympo-cwmpo_0195e.htm
cwmws [ˡkʊmʊs]
1/ (adj) exact, straight (= cymwys
[ˡkəruɪs]
= appropriate, suitable; exact; straight) 2/ (adv) yn gwmws a) exactly b) directly, straight
felna’n gwmws exactly like that
yn gwmws =
exactly;
mōr gwmws â’r sɛ̄th (mor gymwys â’r saeth) as
straight as an arrow.
fē ētho'n gwmws ī'r gynhatladd I went directly to the conference (Y Darian, 5
Mehefin 1919)
NOTES: Final -wy is usually reduced to w in
Southern Welsh (Afon Ebwy > Afon Ebw).
This w has influenced the y in the first syllable. thus cymws
> cwmws.
Compare similar examples in standard Welsh, where cwmwl = cloud, but
historically was cymwl, and cwmwd (a commote or administrative division) <
cymwd.
cwnnad [ˡkʊnad]
(nm) 1/ increase 2/ rise (= codiad
[ˡko·djad])
mynd ī gwnnad (land) slope
upwards
In standard Welsh, this would be cychwyniad
[kəˡxuinjad],
though its meaning is different: ‘beginning’
(Other forms and
spellings: gwnnad, chwnnad, cwnad, gwnad, chwnad)
cwnnu [ˡkʊnɪ]
(v); 1/ (vi) to get up, to rise, 2/ (vt) to raise, to
pick up: 3/ to charge (a price) (=
codi
[ˡko·dɪ])
In standard Welsh, this would be cychwynnu
[kəˡxuinɪ]
but this form is not in use;
another form of the word is in everday usage however, cychwyn, which has
the meaning of ‘to begin’.
Sometimes in dialect
writings it is spelt with an unetymological single n (cwnu).
cwnn lan! get up! (= out of bed)
cwnnwch lan! get up! (= out of bed)
gwnnws ŭn ī līfir lan
one of them picked up his book
(Other forms and
spellings: cwnnu, gwnnu, chwnnu, cwnu, cwni, gwnu, gwni, chwnu, chwni, cwnnwch,
cwncwch, cwn)
cwpla [ˡkʊpla]
(v) to finish (= cwblháu
[kʊblˡhaɪ])
NOTE: This is not the typical devoicing of this dialect (an initial b in the
final becomes p) - but rather the effect of the initial h- in the suffix for
forming verbs -hau (cwbl-háu > cwpl-áu).
In some words this stressed -au has been replaced by unstressed -a, and the
stress has gone back onto the verb -
cwbl > cwbl-hau > cwpl-áu > cwpla
cof > cof-háu > coff-áu > coffa
cwpwl
[ˡkʊpʊl] (nm) couple (= pâr
[pa:r], cwpl
[ˡkʊpʊl])
am
gwpwl ō fishodd for a couple of months
From English COUPLE
(Other spellings: cwpl)
cwpwrt [ˡkʊpʊrt]
(nm) cupboard (= cwpwrdd
[ˡkʊpʊrð])
cwpwrta
[kʊˡpʊrta]
(pl) (=
cypyrddau
[kəˡpərðaɪ])
cw̄rw [ˡku·rʊ]
(nm) beer (= cwrw [ˡku·rʊ])
(Other spellings: cwrw)
cwrdd [kʊrð] (nm)
1/ meeting, gathering; 2/ religious service of Nonconformists (= cwrdd
[kʊrð])
cwrdda [ˡkʊrða]
(pl) services (= cyrddau
[ˡkərðaɪ])
tŷ cwrdd chapel, meeting house
(‘house (of) meeting’)
cwrs [kʊrs]
(nm) course (= cwrs [kʊrs])
From English COURSE in its
former pronunciation [kurs], nowadays [ko:s];
cwrso [ˡkʊrsɔ]
(v) chase (= ymlid [ˡəmlɪd];
erlid [ˡɛrlɪd])
cwrso
dēfid chase sheep
From English COURSE in its
former pronunciation [kurs], nowadays [ko:s]; (CWRS) + (verbal suffix -IO) >
CWRSIO > CWRSO
cwsg [kʊsk]
(nm) sleep (= cwsg [kʊsk])
bo*d yn gwsg
be numb
clapo ne*thon ni* spo*'n du*lo ni*'n gwsg we clapped till our hands were numb
(delwedd 0419)
cwt [kʊt] (nf)
1/ tail ( = ciw [kiu]);
2/ queue (= cynffon [ˡkənfɔn])
cwt y gɛ̄th = the cat’s tail, (the) tail (of) the
cat;
cwt y cī = the dog’s tail, (the) tail (of) the dog;
āros yn y gwt = to wait in the queue
cwtsh [kʊtʃ]
(nm) 1/ cuddle, hug,
embrace 2/ dog’s kennel; also as a command to a dog to go to its kennel 3/
rabbit hutch, ‘rabbit’s cwtsh’ 4/ cwtsh
glo coal store, ‘coal cutch’ 5/ cwtch
dan stɛ̄r
space under the stairs, small cupboard under the stairs (= cwtsh dan y stàr,
‘store under the staircase’)
ORIGIN: Welsh CWTSH < English dialect COOCH < French COUCH(ER), preserving
the [ʧ]
value of CH in older French, now [ʃ]
NOTE:
(Herefordshire dialect) Cooch: crouch down. Hereford Times / 12 December
2015 / www.
herefordtimes.com/news/14140019.55_long_lost_Herefordshire_sayings_and_words/
(delwedd B0422)
THE ABERDARE
TIMES. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1857. CHARGE OF STEALING A FERRET. — William
Evans was charged with stealing a ferret, the property of William Henry Bird,
Mountain Ash. Prosecutor said he bad a white ferret, which he kept locked up it
the coal-cutch in the back. Saw it safe about 5 o' clock on Sunday last, and
about 8.30 he went to show it to a mun and it was gone, the cutch door being
open and the staple taken out. The value of the ferret, which he produced, was
5s. and it was his property. Defendaut asserted that the ferret was his, and
that he had purchased it from T. Harris, Sunderland, last spring. Prosecutor: I
am certain of the ferret. 1 know it by a mark where a rat bit it on the head.
Defendant: Rats very frequently bite ferrets on the head. P.C. Perkins gave
evidence as to finding the ferret in a closet at the back of defendant house.
On being charged with stealing it defendant said, “I did not break open the
door or take the forret. It is my ferret. I have had it about two months."
Defendant denied that he said anything about two months. He pleaded not guilty,
and called as a witness William Rees, collier, 28, High Street, Mountain Ash,
who stated that he had seen a white ferret in defendant's possession three or
four months ago, but he had not seen it since. Defendant was committed for
trial, but admitted to bail, himself in £10 and one surety in a similar amount.
(delwedd B0420)
Y Cwtsh [ə ˡkʊtʃ]
(nm) 1/ Name of a pit at
Wattstown 2/ Wattstown (= Tre-watt [trɛˡwat])
(Tre-watt is a translation, which was never in colloquial use, of the English
name.)
(delwedd 5965)
Y Darian.13
Ionawr 1910. Well done, Wattstown. Y mae gweithwyr glofa Wattstown a thrigolion
y lle wedi rhoddi ‘motor car' at wasanaeth Mr Edgar Jones, M.A., am dair
wythnos, er mwyn iddo wneud y goreu o'i frwydr etholiadol yn Mwrdeisdrefi
Merthyr ac Aberdar. Pa beth bynag fydd y draul, y maent hwy yn myned yn
gyfrifol am dani. Bu Mr Edgar Jones o help mawr iddynt hwy yn nglyn a chael
Institute newydd i'r lle, heblaw llu o gymwynasau ereill. Datganodd ddymuniadau
y glowyr, eiriolodd drostynt, ac ymladdodd eu brwydrau y pryd hwnw mor
ganmoladwy, fel y maent hwythau yn awr am ei gofio yntau. Son am anrhydedd i
broffwyd yn ei wlad ei hun, dyna engraifft odidog o hono. Ac y mae golwg
urddasol ar Edgar bach yn ‘motor car’ boys y Cwtch. Well done, yn wir!
Y Darian
(The Shield). 13 January 1910. Well done, Wattstown. The workers at the Wattstown
coalmine and the inhabitants of the place have placed (‘given’) a motor car at
the service of Mr Edgar Jones, M.A., for three weeks, so that he can make the
best of his election fight in the boroughs of Merthyr and Aber-dâ / Aberdare.
Whatever the cost will be, they are taking responsibility for it (‘going
reponsible for it’). Mr Edgar Jones was of great help to them in getting a new
(Miners’) Institute newydd for the village, besides very many other kindly acts
/ good deeds. He expressed the wishes of the miners, he interceded for them,
and he carried out their struggle at the time in a praiseworthy manner, and so
they no wish to remember him. Talk about honour for a prophet in his own land,
this is a splendid example of it. Son am anrhydedd i broffwyd yn ei wlad ei
hun, dyna engraifft odidog o hono. And Edgar is a noble sight in the motor car
of the boys of Y Cwtch. Well done, indeed!
(delwedd B0417)
Tarian y
Gweithwr. 9 Medi 1909. Ar Ymweliad. Y dydd o'r blaen, aethum i fyny y Rhondda,
ac wedi cyrhaedd y Porth, yr oedd yn rhaid cyfeirio ar y dde i gwm Rhondda fach.
Yn wir, syr, mae yn rhaid cyfaddef, mae pethau yn gwella. Dyna handi mae y cars
yma yn mynd a chi i'r ‘very spot' y byddwch am fyned. Wedi mynd i'r car yn y
Porth ffwrdd yr aethom ac yn mhen ychydig yr oeddym yn Wattstown. Pe gofynech i
mi am Gymreigeiddio y gair neu’r enw yma — dywedwn fel hyn — Tre watt. Gwyddwn
pa le oedd galw wedi cyrhaedd yr orsaf, yn herwydd y Cyfaill yn gyfarwydd a'r
frawdoliaeth yn Calfaria.
Tarian y
Gweithwr (The Workman’s Shield). 9 September 1909. On a visit. The other day I went
up the Rhondda and having reached Y Porth I had to go to the right to Cwm
Rondda Fach (the valley of the Lesser Rhondda river). Indeed, sir, I must
confess that things are improving. How handy the tramcars are taking you to the
very spot you want to go to. Having got on the tram in Y Porth off we went and
in no time at all we were in Wattstown. If you were to ask me how to put this
word or name into Welsh I would say [it] like this - Tre watt. I knew what
place to call by at having reached the station because the Friend (= the name
of the author of this piece, Cyfaill John, Friend John) was familiar with the
brotherhood in Calfaria.
cwtsho [kʊtʃ]
(v) 1/ (vt) cuddle, hug,
embrace, give a cuddle / hug / embrace to 2/ (vt) hide 3/ (vi) get comfortable
In South-east-Wales
English as CUTCH (or in pseudo-Welsh spelling as CWTCH).
cw̄tyn
[ˡkʊtɪn] (nm) cupboard
(= cwpwrdd
[ˡkʊpʊrð])
cw̄tyn y saint 1/ ‘s-and-ends
bag (An expression, among certain others, that has
surived from pre-Reformation Catholic Wales)
2/ fel cw̄tyn y saint like the friar's purse
(thus translated in Diarhebion Cymraeg / J. J. Evans / 1965) . All mixed up, in
disorder, a complete mess; literally ‘like a reliquary bag’
Literally ‘(the) bag (of) the saints’, i.e. a reliquary [ˈrɛlɪkwərɪ] bag
/ reliquary pouch / reliquary purse. Such bags were used in medieval times to
keep supposed relics of saints, usually pieces of bone or cloth. They were
either in the possession of individuals or of churches, in which case they were
stored in small altars or in specially crafted wooden or stone reliquaries.
Cf Robert Morton Nance: Old Cornwall Journal, No.5 (April 1927).
When not in use in the field, the crowdy-crawn (from croder croghen in the
Cornish language = skin sieve) was used to store ‘s and ends in homes: "In
old country house-keeping in West Cornwall, ‘ things, all worth saving, but for
which no special place on the wall, shelf, chimney board, or dresser was
provided, were tidied away into the "crowdy-crawn"; a sieve-rind with
a bottom of stretched sheep-skin, serving on occasion also as a tambourine for
dancers, but originally meant as a corn-measure."
The Talk Tidy website (‘the online home of Wenglish’) http://talktidy.com/c.html
includes it as an expression used in South-eastern Wales English ‘”Look at the state of
this place - it's like cwtyn y saint!"’.
From (CWD = bag) + (-YN dimiutive suffix). CWD is most likely a borrowing from
an English word *CUD, a parallel form of COD (= (dialect)
pod, husk; (obsolete) bag; scrotum)) such as BWRDD (= table) from *BURD (a
varianrt of BOARD), FWRDD (= road, in the expression I FWRDD = away) < *FURD
(a variant form of FORD)
cyfarfod [kəˡvarvɔd]
(nm) meeting (= cyfarfod [kəˡvarvɔd])
cyfarfōtydd [kəvarvo·tɪð])
(= cyfarfodydd [kəvarvo·dɪð])
Cyfartha [kəˡvarθa]
(nf) place name (= Cyfarthfa [kəˡvarθva])
Also Cyfarthfa
(delwedd 5775)
CYFARTHA, a chapelry in
Merthyr-TydviI parish, Glamorgan; on the N verge of the county, 1 mile N of
Merthyr-Tydvil town and r. station. It was constituted in 1846. ... Great
iron-works here were begun, about 1765, by Mr. Anthony Bacon... Imperial
Gazetteer of England and Wales / John Marius Wilson / (1870-72)
In the novel ‘How Green was my Valley’ ‘Cyfartha’
is the name of a croney of boxer Dai Bando
(delwedd 5776)
Also: Y Gyfartha
Etto, y Parch. J. Howells, Incumbent Eglwys y Gyfartha, dydd Sadwrn, Awst 29, tarawyd ef mewn llewyg tra yn
carfio i wledd cymdeithas ddyngarol ag oedd wedi bod yn pregethu iddi. Bu yn y llewyg hyd ddeg
o'r gloch nos Sabbath, pan y bu farw. Y
Dydd / 11 Medi 1868
= Similarly, the Reverend J Howells, incumbent of the church in Y Gyfartha, on
Saturday August 29th [1868] collapssed unconscious / fell into a faint (‘was
struck in a faint’) whilst carving [the meat] for the banquet of a benevolent
society that he had been preaching to. He reamined unsconscious (‘in the
faint’) until ten o’ clock on Sunday night, when he died.
...bydd atdyniad pobloedd i'r lle er clywed seindorf bres y Gyfartha. yn nghyd a'r professionals o Lundain...
= There will be an attraction of groups of people to the place to hear the
Cyfarthfa brass band as well as professionals from London... Seren Cymru / 18
Awst 1871
Mae y fasnach lo yma lawer yn well nag y mae wedi bod, a'r Gyfartha yr un m’ yn y glo. Llawer o'r black pearl yn cael ei gludo yn wythnosol tua thref y mwg -
prifddinas Ymerodraeth Prydain. Wrth ragolygon yr orwel fasnachol, yr ydym yn
credu y bydd y gauaf dyfodol yn well i'r meistr a'r gweithiwr. Nid oes, hyd yn
hyn, yr un cychwyniad gwirioneddol yn Ngweithfeydd Haiarn y Gyfartha. Y Gwladgarwr / 20 Medi 1878
= The market for coal here is a lot better than it has been, and Y Gyfartha
similarly for coal [extraction]. Much of the ‘black pearl’ is being transpòrted
each week to the town of the smoke - the capital of the British Empire [=
London]. As for business forecasts (‘according to the forecasts of the trading
horizon’), we believe that the coming winter will be better for the employers
(‘for the master’) and the workers. Up until now, there has not been the same
(‘the same true beginning’) real pick-up in business in the Gyfartha Ironworks.
NOTE: The alternative form of the name results from the simplification of the
consonant cluster [θv] > [θ]
Cyfarthfa > Cyfarth’a (= Cyfartha)
cyffrētin [kəˡfre·tɪn]
(adj) common, general (= cyffredin [kəˡfre·dɪn])
(Other spellings and
forms: cyffretin)
cyfordis [kəˡvɔrdɪs]
(adj) comfortable (= cyfforddus [kəˡfɔrðɪs])
Also cyfwrdis [kəˡvʊrdɪs]
Source: GPC
(Other spellings: cyfordus, cyfwrdus)
cyfrath [ˡkəvraθ]
(nf) law (= cyfraith [ˡkəvraɪθ])
cym-pō-īr [kɪm
po: ˡi:r] (adv) before long (= cyn bo hir [kɪn
bo: ˡhi:r])
Cymrɛ̄s [kəmˡrwxyzs] (nf) Welshwoman (= Cymraes [kəmˡraɪs])
Cymreisa, Cymrīsa, [kəmˡrəɪsa, kəmˡri·sa]) (pl) (= Cymraesau [kəmˡrəɪsaɪ])
(Other forms and spellings: Cymrês, Cymrâs, Cymras)
Cymro [ˡkəmrɔ]
(nm) Welshman (= Cymro [ˡkəmrɔ])
Cymry [ˡkəmrɪ] (pl)
Welshmen; Welsh people (= Cymry
[ˡkəmrɪ])
Cymru [ˡkəmrɪ] (nf) Wales (= Cymru [ˡkəmrɪ])
Cymru am byth [ˡkəmrɪ
am bɪθ]
Wales for ever
cymryd [ˡkəmrɪd] (v) take (= cymryd [ˡkəmrɪd])
(Englishism) cymryd ffor grantid [ˡkəmrɪd fo:r ˡgrantid] take for granted (= cymryd yn ganiataol [ˡkəmrɪd ˡən ganiaˡta·ɔl])
Welsh CYMRYD (= CYM’RYD) < CYMERYD
cyrradd [ˡkərað]
(v) arrive (at a place), reach (a place) (= cymryd [[ˡkəraɪð])
rôl cyrradd Aber-dɛ̄r after
arriving in Aber-dâr / Aberdare
cythrwm [ˡkəθrʊm]
(nm) devil (= cythraul [ˡkəθraɪl], diafol [dɪˡa·vɔl], diawl [djaul])
(Alteration of the word cythraul)
Bēth gythrwm...? What the
devil...?
Myn cythrwm ī ! [mən
ˡkəθrʊm
ˡi:] Bloody
hell!
cymydd
[ˡkəmɪð] valleys. See cwm [kʊm]
Y Cyw [ə
ˡkiu] (nm) short name for Heol-y-cyw / =
Ewl-y-cyw#
byw
yn y Cyw live in Heol-y-cyw
dàb [dab]
(nm) man (= dyn
[di:n])
A
Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady:
to
which is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837:
DAB, s[ubstantive]. a chit, an insignificant person, a proficient in any feat
or exercise: also a slight blow
dāfad [ˡda·vad]
(nf) sheep (= dafad
[ˡda·vad])
dēfid
[ˡde·vɪd] (pl) (= defaid [ˡde·vaɪd])
pen dāfad sheep’s head; a dish
formerly common in south-east Wales
tāfod dāfad sheep’s
tongue; a dish formerly common in south-east Wales
Dāfydd [ˡda·vɪð]
(nm) David (= Dafydd
[ˡda·vɪð])
Short forms: Dai [daɪ],
Dāfi [ˡda·vɪ]
Dai [daɪ]
(nm) Dave, David (= Dafydd
[ˡda·vɪð])
dàla [ˡdala]
(v) catch (= dal
[dal])
ī-ddi dàla nw (= i’w dal hwy) to catch
them
(à
because the vowel is short; before ‘l’ we might expect a half-long vowel, but
the l was originally part of a consonant cluster (LGH) in ‘DALGH-’ from Old
Welsh DALG-)
damshal [ˡdamʃal]
(v) trample, crush, tread down (= damsang
[ˡdamʃaŋ])
Cf Ceredigion damsgan, damshgan
dan [dan]
(prep) under (= dan [dan])
dan y ddeiar / ddīar underground
danjar [ˡdanʤar]
(nm) danger (= perygl [ˡpe·rɪg])
dannod [ˡd·nɔd]
(v) tell off, reprimand (= dannod
[ˡdanɔd])
dannod-dī ī fī òs nā
ddaw wnna yn rw*un mawr (adapted from Aberdare Leader 28-02-1914)
tell
me off if that (little lad) doesn’t become somebody great
dap [dap]
(nm?) plimsoll (south-eastern-Wales English ‘dap’) (= esgid gynfas [ˡɛsgɪd
ˡgənvas]]
daps [daps]
(pl) (= esgidiau cynfas [ɛˡsgɪdjaɪ
ˡkənvas])
ORIGIN: Welsh < south-eastern-Wales English < south-western-England
English DAP = plimsoll; most likely from the south-western-England word DAP =
to move quickly; to bounce).
Forest of Dean (Gloucestershire): DAP = to bounce. http://www.forest-of-dean.net/fodmembers/index.php?mode=thread&id=12677#image
DAP.
vb. To bounce or bound. Used of hurried motion. [Hund. of Berk.] [S.W.]
A Glossary of Dialect & Archaic Words Used in the County of Gloucester.
Edited by Lord Moreton. 1890.
(delwedd B0408)
Joseph Wright. English Dialect Dictionary. Voulume 6. 1905. (verb) (Ireland,
Yorkshire. Also Northamptonshire, Gloucestershire, Isle of Wight, Wiltshire,
Dorset, Somerset, Devon, Cornwall). 1 to move quickly and lightly. North
Yorkshire: He goes dapping along, as if he were on springs. 2/ to hop, rebound,
bounce,
dap [dap]
(adv) quickly, suddenly, at once (= yn sydyn [ən ˡsədɪn],
ar
unwaith ar ˡɪnwaɪθ]
ORIGIN: South-west-England English
DAP (= suddenly). From the noun DAP (= rebound of a ball), or the verb DAP (=
bounce; move quickly).
(delwedd B0409)
Ī
īshteddws Dai yn īn pen, ā ī gysgws dap Dai
sat at one end and went to sleep at once
(= I ishteddws
Dai yn un pen, a i gysgws dap) See kimkat0928k / Ni’n
Doi / 1918 / page 57.
darllan [ˡdarɬan]
(v) read (= darllen [ˡdarɬɛn])
Also:
darllin [ˡdarɬɪn]
i ddyrllēnas [i: ˡðərɬe·nas])
I read [rɛd]
dd
In
certain words in Gwentian, it may replace f [v]. Examples of this are to be
found in other parts of Wales too.
rhofio (= to dig) > Gwentian roddio
Caer-dȳf > Car-dȳdd / Cyr-dȳdd
(Cardiff). The name in standard Welsh preserves its recent Gwentian pronunciation;
the English name indicates an older pronunciation with [v], though in final
position this has become [f] in English.
Pen-isha’r-plwydd locality in Gwent; = pen isaf y plwyf (lower end of the
parish)
dder än dhen [ˡðɛr
ən ˡðɛn]
(adv) (Englishism) there and then (= yn y man [ən
ə ˡman])
ddī [ði:]
(pronoun) she, her = third-person singular feminine (=
hi) [hi:]
ati ddi to her (= ati hi)
ddō [ðo:]
(adv) yesterday (= ddoe) [ðoɪ]
dɛ̄ [dwxyz] (adj) good (= da [da])
bōra dɛ̄ good morning
mynd yn ddɛ̄ digynnig
(activity) go very well, (person performing an activity) get on very well
dēcha [ˡde·xa]
(adj) 1/ well-made,
well-wrought. of good quality, good, fine (=
graenus [ˡgrəɪnɪs],
dehau [ˡde·haɪ]) 2/ fitting, appropriate, right, proper (=
gweddus [ˡgwe·ðɪs],
dehau [ˡde·haɪ])
pyrni pɛ̄r ō sgitsha decha buy
a pair of good shoes
deuar [ˡdəɪar]
(nf) earth, ground (= daear [ˡdəɪar])
Also dīar [ˡdi·ar]
dan y ddeuar underground
mynd ī ffordd yr ōll ddeuar / ddīar
go the way of all things, die (‘go the way of the whole earth’)
deir
[dəɪr] (adj)
1/ slow, loitering 2/ tedious, tiresome. time.-consuming
Occurs in this riddle:
Shōni gō hīr / A
Shōni gō deir / Yn tynni’i gwt ato / Rhāg ōfan y gieir.
Abwydyn.
longish Johnnie / slowish Johnnie / drawing in his tail / out of fear of
the hens, out of fear for the hens, fearing the hens [Answer] (a) worm.
(Y Darian 21 05 1914)
Form of DYHIR (= very long)
(DI- intensifying prefix) + (HIR = long) > DIHIR > DYHIR
dēra [ˡde·ra]
(v) (second
person singular imperative of dōd) 1
come! 2 bring (something) (= dera [ˡde·ra])
derwan [ˡdɛrwan]
(nf) oak, oak tree (= derwen [ˡdɛrwɛn])
derw [ˡde·rʊ] (pl) (= derw [ˡde·rʊ])
dewch [ˡdɛux]
(v) leave (2nd person plural of present-future of gatal = leave) (= gadéwch [gaˡdɛux])
Dewch ÿch mwstwr,
boiz stop your
chatter, lads (‘leave your noise’)
dēwish [ˡde·wɪʃ]
(v) choose (= dewis
[ˡde·wɪs])
dīall
[ˡdi·aɬ]
(v) understand (= deall [ˡde·aɬ])
NOTE: In fact, dīall is
common in colloquial Welsh throughout Wales
Ffīli dīall bēth yw reina w̄ ī (ffaelu
deall beth yw y rheina yr wyf) I can’t work out what those things there are
diarth [ˡdɪarθ]
(adj) strange (= dieithr [dɪˡəɪθɪr])
NOTE:
(1) Colloquially there has been metathesis and a simplification of the
diphthong [ei > i] to give southern dierth.
(2) In the south-east, a final e > a.
dīar [ˡdi·ar]
(nm) earth. See deiar.
diawl [ˡdɪaul]
(nm) devil (= diafol
[drˡa·vɔl])
diawlid [ˡdɪaulɪd]
(nm) devil (= diafoliaid
[draˡvɔljaɪd])
Also: jawl [ʤaul],
jawlid [ˡʤaulɪd]
(Other spellings: jiawl)
diawlētig [dɪauˡle·tɪg]
(adj) devilish, hellish (= dieflig
[drˡɛvlɪg])
Also jawlētig [ʤauˡle·tɪg]
wī’n falch ddiawletig bō chi’n
... I’m really glad that you...
(Other spellings: jiawledig)
diawst [ˡdɪaust]
(interjection) good heavens (= esgyrn
Dafydd, etc [ˡɛskɪrn
ˡd·vɪð]
= by the bones of Saint David)
A euphemistic alteration of diawl (=
devil)
dīcon [ˡdi·kɔn]
(nm) enough (= digon
[ˡdi·gɔn])
y gōra ō ddīcon the best by far
dīcwdd [ˡdi·kʊð]
(v) happen (= digwydd
[ˡdigʊið])
didōrath [dɪˡdo·raθ]
(adj) 1/ fickle, feckless 2/ disorganised (= didoreth [dɪˡdo·rɛθ])
NOTE: Occurs in south-eastern Wales English (sometimes referred to as
‘Wenglish’) DIDORATH (= feckless, disorganised)
difāru [dɪˡva·rɪ]
(v) regret (= edifaru [ɛdɪˡva·rɪ])
Also dyfāru [dəˡva·rɪ],
tryfāri [trəˡva·rɪ]
ti dyfāru-dì ganwith you’ll
regret it a hundred times over
DYFĀRI < DIFĀRI < standard EDIFARU
digonshans [dɪˡgɔnʃans]
(adv) unscrupulous (= digydwybod
[dɪgədˡuibɔd],
diegwyddor [dɪɛˡgwuiðɔr])
digynnig [dɪˡgənɪg]
(adv) outstandingly, extremely, very-very (= dros ben [drɔs
ˡbɛn])
Also diginnyg [dɪˡgɪnɪg]
dɛ̄ digynnig very good
indeed
bāchan piwr digynnig a really
fine fellow
dileio
[dɪˡləɪɔ]
(v) delay (= arafu [aˡra·vɪ])
cɛ̄l ticyn o’i ddileio ar y
ffordd be delayed somewhat on its way
From English DELAY [dɪˡləɪ].
(DILÉI) + (-IO verbal suffix) > DILEI-IO > DILEIO
dim [dɪm]
(eg) nothing (= dim
[dɪm])
gwītho am y nesa pēth ī
ddim work for next to nothing
dim yw dim absolutely nothing
(‘nothing is nothing’)
dinīwad
[dɪˡni·wad]
(adj) innocent; naïve (= diniwed [dɪˡniwɛd])
dinnon
[ˡdɪnɔn]
(pl) 1/ people; 2/ men. See dȳn
(= man)
dioclyd
[dɪˡɔklɪd]
(adj) lazy (=diog [ˡdi·ɔg],
dioclyd [dɪˡɔklɪd])
diōdda
[dɪˡo·ða]
(v) suffer (=dioddef [dɪˡo·ðɛv])
di-rɛ̄n [dɪˡrwxyzn]
(adj) in poor condition, shabby, in a
shabby state; (food) off, past its best, spoiled (= di-raen [dɪˡraɪn],
gwael [gwaɪl])
NOTE: Occurs in south-eastern-Wales English (sometimes referred to as
‘Wenglish’) DI-RÊN or DI-RÂN (= feckless, disorganised)
Welsh DI-RAEN (DI- = negative prefix) + soft mutation + (GRAEN = grain; good
appearance, fine look). South Wales basic form DI-RÂN, south-east [a:] > [wxyz] DI-Rɛ̄N
dishgwl [ˡdɪʃgʊl]
(v) look (= gweld [gwɛld];
standard Welsh disgwyl [ˡdɪsguɪl]
means ‘to wait’)
dishgyn
[ˡdɪʃgɪn]
(v) fall, come down (= disgyn [ˡdɪsgɪn])
dīwadd
[ˡdi·wað]
(adj) innocent; naïve (= diwedd [ˡdi·wɛð])
ō’r dīwadd
finally, at last
ō’r dechra
ī’r dīwadd
from beginning to end
dou [dɔɪ]
(num m) two (= dau [daɪ])
nī’n dou
[ni:n ˡdɔɪ])
the two of us, both of us, we two (= ni ein dau [ni:
ən ˡdaɪ])
mā-nw’n ddou frawd they’re brothers (‘they are two brothers’)
dōpach [ˡdo·pax]
(v) dub, dirty (= make dirty) (= dodi
[ˡdo·dɪ])
From English DAUB + (-verbal suffix -ACH) > DOBACH (> DOPACH)
See GPC DOBIAF (2)
dōs
[do:s] (v) there is not (= nid oes [nɪd
ˡɔɪs]; does [dɔɪs])
dōti [ˡdo·tɪ]
(v) put (= dodi
[ˡdo·dɪ])
dotws [ˡdo·tʊs]
he / she / it put
downsan [ˡdounsan]
(v) dance (= dawnsio [ˡdaunsjɔ])
dowto [ˡdoutɔ]
(v) 1/ doubt 2/ suspect (= amau [ˡamaɪ])
draw mynno
[draʊ ˡmənɔ]
(adv) over there (= draw man honno [draʊ
man ˡhɔnɔ])
drecshwn [ˡdrɛkʃʊn]
(nm) direction (= cyfeiriad [kəˡvəɪrjad])
Cymricisation of English d’rection <
direction
drūan [ˡdri·an]
(nm) (= druan [ˡdri·an])
soft-mutated
form of trūan (= wretch), used in the phrase
drūan â fē the poor
wretch, the poor thing
drw̄g [dru:g]
(adj) bad (= drwg [dru:g])
drȳll [dri:]
(nm) piece; gun (= dryll [drɪɬ])
drylla [ˡdrəɬa]
(pl) (= dryllau [ˡdrəɬaɪ])
drȳll
dŵr (GPC: ar lafar yn y De /
used in the South) water pistol
dŭlo [ˡdi·lɔ]
(n) hands (= dwylo [ˡduilɔ]).
See llaw (= hand).
The plural is literally ‘two hand’, i.e. two hands. (DWY = feminine form of DAU
= two) + soft mutation + (LLAW = hand) > DWYLAW > standard Welsh DWYLO
dŭno [ˡdi·nɔ]
wake up (=deffro [ˡdɛfrɔ],
dihuno [dɪˡhi·nɔ])
DIHUNO > DI’UNO > DUNO
(DI- = negative prefix) + (HUNO = sleep), literally ‘unsleep’.
dwarnod [ˡduarnɔd]
(nm) (= diwrnod [ˡdiurnɔd])
dwarnōta [duarˡno·ta]
(pl) (= diwrnodau [diurˡno·dɪ])
u*n ō’r dwarnōta nesa in
one of the next few days
dwplar [ˡdʊplar]
(nm) (= plât mawr [pla:t ˡmaur]; dwbler [ˡdʊblɛr])
dwple*ri [dʊˡple·rɪ]
(pl) (= plât mawr [ˡplatjaɪ ˡmaur]; dwbleri [dʊˡble·rɪ])
Origin: Middle English DOUBLER, DOBLER, DUBLER = a wooden plate, from Old French DUBLIER.
GPC (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru): p1104 Ar lafar
ym Morgannwg yn y ffurfiau dwpler, dwplar (fawr), lluosog dwpleri.
= In Glamorgan Welsh with the forms dwpler, dwplar (fawr),
plural dwple*ri.
See kimkat0928k / Ni’n Doi / 1918 / page 54
NOTE 1:
(delwedd 5770)
The Unton Inventories Relating To Wadley And Faringdon, Co. Berks. In The Years
1596 and 1620. From The Originals In The Possession Of Earl Ferrers. Wirh A
Memoir Of The Family Of Unton, By John Gough Nichols, Esq. F.S.A-. [Published
1841]. Chargers of pewter, 12. A charger was a great platter or large dish: grand plat. Palagrave. An old glossary
explains charger, dobler, or platter, lanx,
latus discus. Horman says, “One swanne is ynoughe to fyll a charger.” [One
swan is enough to fill a charger]
NOTE 2: Doubler occurs as a surname in England, probably ‘maker of doublers,
(wooden) plate maker’.
dŵr [du:r]
(nm) 1/ water 2/ urine (= dŵr [du:r])
dŵr y môr the seaside (‘(the)
water (of) the sea’)
yn nŵr y môr at the seaside
dwsan [ˡdʊsan]
(nm) dozen (= dwsin [ˡdʊsɪn])
ddwsan ō wītha a dozen
times
Also: drwsan [ˡdrʊsan]
From English DOZEN; (taken into Welsh from Middle English (DOZEINE), from Old
French DOZAINE, based on DOZE = twelve, from Latin DUODECIM (= twelve),
literally ‘two-ten’ (DUO + DECEM)
dwst [dʊst]
(nm) 1/ dust 2/ powder (= llwch [ɬu:x])
From Old English DÛST [du:st], or Middle English DUST [dust]
dwt [dʊt]
(nm) small person (= un bychan [i:n
ˡbəxan])
dwt bɛ̄ch small person
Cf. dwt = a small person (also dwtty) (25
English words and phrases you only hear in Wales /
Wales Online /
04-05-2014)
(GPC: Sir Gaerfyrddin /
Carmarthenshire (dwt bach). Morgannwg / Glamorgan: twtyn, twten)
dwy [dʊi]
(numeral) 1/ two (feminine form) (= dwy [dui])
2/ = dwy gīnog tuppence; as a
qualifying phrase, tuppenny (= dwy
geiniog [dui ˡgəɪnjɔg])
peint
ō gw̄rw dwy a tuppenny pint of beer,
a pint of beer that costs two pence
dwywath
[ˡduiwaθ] (adv) twice (= dwywaith [ˡduiwaɪθ])
In nicknames, ddwywath [ˡðuiwaθ] (= ddwywaith [ˡðuiwaɪθ]) is used for individuals
with the forename the same as the surname, or patronymic.
e.g. Efan Efan / Evan Evans becomes Ianto
Ddwywath [ˡjantɔ
ˡðuiwaθ]
(DWY
= two – feminine form) + soft mutation + (GWAITH = time) > DWYWAITH (>
Gwentian DWYWATH)
dychra [ˡdəxra]
(v) begin (= dechrau [ˡdɛxraɪ])
dyco [ˡdəkɔ]
(phrase) see yonder (=
dacw [ˡdak])
A WELI DI ÁCO (A = interrogative particle) + soft
mutation + (GWELI DI = you see) + (ACO = over there, yonder) i.e. ‘do you see
yonder’
> (possible evolution) WELI DI ’CÓ > WELDI ’CÓ > WEL DACÓ > WEL
DYCÓ (A > Y in imitation of DYMA = see here, DYNA = see there) > DÝCO
dȳdd [di:ð]
(nm) day (= dydd
[di:ð])
y dȳdd ō’r blɛ̄n
the other day
dyfāru [dəˡva·rɪ]
(v) regret. See difaru [dɪˡva·rɪ]
dyffryn [ˡdəfrɪn]
(nm) valley (= dyffryn [ˡdəfrɪn])
dyffrynnodd [dəˡfrənɔð]
(pl) (= dyffrynnoedd [dəˡfrənɔɪð])
Dyffryn Dɛ̄r the
Aberdare valley (‘(the) valley (of) (the) (river) Dâr’)
dyfndar [ˡdəvndar]
(nm) depth (= dyfnder [ˡdəvndɛr])
mynd tū hwnt ī ddi ddyfndar
go out of his depth, go beyond his depth (‘go yonder side to his depth’)
dylanwātu [dəlanˡwa·tɪ]
(v) influence (= dylanwadu [dəlanˡwa·dɪ])
dyma [ˡdəma]
(v) here’s
(literally: ‘here you see’) (= dyma [ˡdəma]
Also
mà [ma], a clipped form in common use.
A WELI DI ÝMA (A = interrogative particle) + soft
mutation + (GWELI DI = you see) + (YMA = here) i.e. ‘do you see here’
> (possible evolution) WELI DI ’MÁ > WELDI ’MÁ > WEL DYMÁ > WEL
DÝMA > DÝMA
(Other spellings and
forms: ma, ’ma)
dȳn [di:n]
(nm) man (= dyn
[di:n])
dynon [ˡdənɔn]
(pl) men; people (=
dynion [ˡdənjɔn])
dȳn dōd, (pl) dynon dōd incomer, immigrant,
foreigner
rẁ ddy*n mawr tew
some big fat man
Also: dinnon [ˡdɪnɔn]
Dynon / dinnon has the sense of
‘people’ (i.e. men and woman) in the South generally.
NOTES: (1) In the south-east, in certain words
the obscure vowel y > i in the
penult.
(2) typical of the south is the loss of the consonantal i at
the beginning of a final syllable
–ion > -on
(Other forms and spellings: dinon)
dyna [ˡdəna]
(v) there’s
(literally: ‘there you see’) (= dyna [ˡdəna])
Also
nà [na], a clipped forn in common use.
A WELI DI ÝNA (A = interrogative particle) + soft mutation + (GWELI DI = you see) +
(YNA = there) i.e. ‘do you see there’
> (possible evolution) WELI DI ’NÁ > WELDI ’NÁ > WEL DYNÁ > WEL
DÝNA > DÝNA
(Other
spellings and forms: na, ’na)
dynnon
[ˡdənɔn]
1/ men; 2/ people. See dȳn (=
man)
Also dinnon [ˡdi·nɔn]
dyrys
[ˡdərɪs] 1/ unruly, mischievous (=
direidus [dəˡrəɪdɪs]);
2/ (ox) vicious (= anhydrin [anˡhədrɪn]);
īdon dyrys (= eidion dyrys)
vicious ox
Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar
to Glamorgan. Cadrawd:
Da gwnaeth Duw,
Doeth a deallus,
Rhoi corn byr i'r eidion dyrus, -
A bach allu i'r drwg ei 'wyllys.
God did well ([it is] good that God did, wise and understanding, giving a short
horn to the vicious ox, and little ability tio the ill-willed.
Abercanid
> Abercannid (= Abercannaid), Bercanid > Abercannid (= Abercannaid)
....
Sumbolau:
a A / æ Æ / e E / ɛ Ɛ / i I / o O / u U / w W / y Y /
MACRON: ā Ā / ɛ̄ Ɛ̄ / ē Ē / ǟ Ǟ / ī Ī / ō Ō / ū Ū / w̄ W̄ / ȳ Ȳ /
MACRON: ā Ā / ɛ̄ Ɛ̄ / ē
Ē / ǟ Ǟ / ī Ī / ō Ō / ū Ū / w̄ W̄
/ ȳ Ȳ /
MACRON: ā Ā / ɛ̄
Ɛ̄ / ē Ē / ǟ Ǟ / ī Ī / ō
Ō / ū Ū / w̄ W̄ / ȳ Ȳ /
MACRON + ACEN DDYRCHAFEDIG: Ā̀
ā̀ , Ḗ ḗ, Ī́ ī́ , Ṓ ṓ ,
Ū́ ū́, (w), Ȳ́ ȳ́
MACRON + ACEN DDISGYNEDIG: Ǟ ǟ , Ḕ ḕ, Ī̀
ī̀, Ṑ ṑ, Ū̀ ū̀, (w), Ȳ̀ ȳ̀
MACRON ISOD: A̱ a̱ , E̱ e̱ , I̱ i̱ , O̱ o̱,
U̱ u̱, (w), Y̱ y̱
MACRON + DIDOLNOD Ǟ ǟ Ǟ ǟ yn lle Æ æ : y
glymlythyren Ladin AE
BREF: ă Ă /
ĕ Ĕ / ĭ Ĭ / ŏ Ŏ / ŭ Ŭ / B5236: 
B5237: 
BREF GWRTHDRO ISOD: i̯, u̯
CROMFACHAU: ⟨ ⟩ deiamwnt
ˡ ɑ ɑˑ aˑ a: / æ æ: / e eˑe: / ɛ wxyz / ɪ
iˑ i: / ɔ oˑ o: / ʊ uˑ u: / ə / ʌ /
ẅ Ẅ / ẃ Ẃ / ẁ Ẁ / ŵ Ŵ /
ŷ Ŷ / ỳ Ỳ / ý Ý / ɥ
ˡ ð ɬ ŋ ʃ ʧ θ ʒ ʤ / aɪ ɔɪ
əɪ uɪ ɪʊ aʊ ɛʊ əʊ / £
ә ʌ ẃ ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ ẅ ẃ ẁ Ẁ ŵ ŷ ỳ Ỳ
Hungarumlaut: A̋ a̋
sɛ̄th [swxyzθ]
U+1EA0 Ạ U+1EA1 ạ
U+1EB8 Ē U+1EB9 ē
U+1ECA Ị U+1ECB ị
U+1ECC Ọ U+1ECD ọ
U+1EE4 Ụ U+1EE5 ụ
U+1E88 Ẉ U+1E89 ẉ
U+1EF4 Ỵ U+1EF5 ỵ
g
yn 
aith
δ δ
wikipedia, scriptsource. org
wikipedia, scriptsource. org
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ɛ̄
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