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a Final-syllable
[a] corresponds to
1/ etymological E [ɛ] in the standard language: llygoden > llygōtan (= mouse)
2/
in other dialects, [ɛ] which is a reduction of the diphthong AI [ai] in
the standard language: cadair > cạtar
(= chair)
3/ in other dialects, [ɛ] which is a reduction of the diphthong AE [ai]
in the standard language: gafael >
gạfal (= to grasp)
4/ in other dialects, [ɛ] which is a reduction of the diphthong AU [ai]
in the standard language: darnau >
darna (= pieces)
à (pronoun) he
ōdd à īsha ī fi * fynd
ī’r shop newydd he wanted me to go to the new shop
A form of fà
à In standard Welsh and in ‘standardised Gwentian’,
this represents a short vowel [a] in an environment where the vowel would be
long. Usually these are words taken from Enlgish – bàg, pŵr dàb, etc.
1/ In this form of ‘standardised’ Gwentian, at least for the purposes of this
dictionary, the vowel in open syllables in monosyllables (i.e. no final
consonant or consonant cluster) is also marked in this way
à [a] he
àb [ab] (in patronymics) son
fà [va] he
chà [xa] bring (< dewch â)
ddà [ða] I shall (< ddà i < bydda i)
mà [ma] clipped form of yma = here
mà [ma] clipped form of dyma = here’s (literally: ‘here you
see’)
mà [ma] = mae there is, is
nà [na] clipped form of yna =
there
nà [na] clipped form of dyna = there’s (literally: ‘there you see’)
sà as if
wyrthin
fel sà collad arno laugh as though he was mad
(‘as if there was a madness on him’)
shà [ʃa]
to, towards
tà pīn however
tà prȳd
[ta ‘pri:d] whenever
2/
Also in words with an original long vowel but which is not usually emphasised
i.e. a vowel shortened in a pretonic syllable
àb [ab] son (in patronymics) < fāb [va:b] < māb [ma:b]
3/ And in common with standard Welsh spelling (though usually not adhered to
except in dictionaries) where an ‘a’ is short though the orthographical
pattern or orthographical environment suggests it should be long. Such words
are usually loans from English.
pw̄r
dàb
[pu:r ˡdab] poor creature, poor thing
ā [a:,
a] (conj) and (=
a, ac [a:, a:g])
In Gwentian, ‘a’
often used instead of standard ‘ac’ [a:g, ag] (i.e. before a vowel)
nawr ā yn y man now and then
àb [ab] (nm) son (=
ab) [ab]]
Origin: māb [ma:b] (= son) > àb
[ab] (son, in patronymics) (or ap [ap], an archaic spelling of àb).
àb Gwīlym (Son of Gwilym /
William)
Pseudonym of a bard who was the author of an English-language poem ‘A Song To
Mr David Davies. In commemoration of his Purchase of the Penydarren Iron
Works’. "We praise the gallant soldier who wins undying fame, We laud
the skilful statesman who preserves the British name;...” The Merthyr Telegraph and General Advertiser for the
Iron Districts of South Wales. 28th November 1863
ạber [ˡa·bɛr] (nm) 1/ confluence (where a minor
stream joins a larger stream) 2/ river mouth (where a river enters the sea) (= ambell [ [ˡambɛɬ]]
In place-names beginning with ‘aber’ in Gwentian the initial vowel,
which is unaccented, drops away (a very common phenomenon in spoken
Welsh)
(2) the vowel in the pretonic syllable drops away to give a consonant
cluster br- before a
vowel
Aberaman > Beraman
> Braman
Aberōgwr / Aberōcwr > Berōcwr > Brōcwr
Before a consonant, aber > ber >
byr
Byr-dɛ̄r for Aber-dɛ̄r
Abercannid
[abɛrˡkanɪd]
(nf) village name (= Abercannaid [abɛrˡkanaɪd])
Clipped form: Bercannid [bɛrˡkanɪd]
(Other
spellings: Abercanid, Bercanid)
-ach [ax] (suffix) diminutive; plural or collective; usually
added to plural forms
pēthach things, ‘little
things’ (?péthau + ach > pethéuach > péthach)
merchētach young women
acha
acha [ˡaxa] (prep) on, on top of (= ar [ar])
See: ar uchaf (on, on top of)
acha
pen ty =
on the top of a house
Used only with indefinite nouns. With definite nouns ar is
used.
Cf the preposition mewn = in (with indefinite nouns), yn (with
definite nouns) ar uchaf [ar-î-khav] (preposition)
From ar + uchaf = on + (the) topmost (part) (of)
achwn
ạchwn [ˡa·xʊn] (v) complain (= achwyn [ˡa·xuin])
Also achwin [ˡaxwɪn]
acor
ạcor [ˡa·kɔr] (v) open (= agor [ˡa·gɔr])
ạcor i llycid open her eyes,
open their eyes
(Other spellings and forms: acor, acoras)
acos
ạcos
[ˡa·kɔs] (adj) near (= agos [ˡa·gɔs]
(Other spellings and forms: acos)
acshwn
acshwn [ˡakʃʊn] (eg) action (= gweithrediad [gwəɪθˡrɛdjad])
acshwna [akˡʃʊna] (pl) (= gweithrediadau [gwəɪθrɛdˡja·daɪ])
dōd ī acshwn come into
action
From English ACTION
adfertismant
adfértismant [adˡvə·tismant] (nm) advertisement (= hysbyseb [həsˡbəsɛb])
adfértismants [adˡvə·tismants] (= hysbysebion [həsbəˡsɛbjɔn])
ai
ai [aɪ] in a final-syllable in standard Welsh is often i [ɪ] in Gwentian
Abercannaid > Abercannid / Bercannid
darllain (= darllen) > darllin
defaid > defid (= sheep, ovine animals)
enaid > enid (= soul)
mantais > montish (= advantage)
noswaith > noswith (= evening)
tamaid > tamid (= little bit)
Tonyrefail > Tonrefil (place name; greensward by the smithy)
unwaith > inwith (= once)
ala
’ala [ˡala] (v) spend (= gwario [ˡgwarjɔ]); send (= anfon [ˡanvɔn])
Origin: hala > ala; hala is a southern variant of hela, now generally
hel [hɛl] in the north = to hunt; to collect.
From ‘helgh-’ (= hunting, chasing), cognate with Irish sealg (= hunting)
’ala arian to spend money
’ala amsar to spend time
alan
’ạlan [ˡa·lan] (nm) salt (= halen [ˡha·lɛn])
Origin: hạlen > ’ạlan > ’ạlan
aliar
’aliar [ˡaljar] (nm) haulier; mineworker in charge of mine carts (or
mine tubs) and horses (= halier [ˡhaljɛr])
aliarz [ˡaljarz] (pl) hauliers (= haliers [ˡhaljɛrs])
From English HALLIER
1/
Gallier or hallier: one who keeps teams for hire. Glossary Of Provincial
Words Used In Herefordshire And Some Of The Adjoining Counties. Sir George
Cornewall Lewis. 1839.
2/ (Worcestershire): Upton on Severn Words and Phrases. Robert Lawson.
English Dialect Society. 1884. HĂLLIER, or ĂLLIER, n. One
who draws coal, timber, bricks, etc.
(delwedd B0440)
(Other spellings: halier, alier, haliar: English: hallier, allier, gallier)
alibalw
’alibalŵ [alɪbaˡlu:] (nf) hullabaloo (= cynnwrf [ˡkənʊrv])
From English HULLABALOO
alio
’alio [ˡaljɔ] (v) 1/ lead a horse in a coalmine 2/ haul, draw,
pull (= halio
[ˡhaljɔ])
alio glō haul coal
alio dramz haul coal trams / coal
carts / coal trucks / coal tubs
Origin: HALIO > ALIO.
From English HALE older pronunciation [ha:l], now [heɪl] (v) 1/ force, compel, oblige (sb)
to go (to a place); she was haled out of her cottage by the mob; he was haled
before a judge; he was haled to prison, etc 2/ haul, pull (especially in
nautical language). They haled the net full of fish onto the deck; to hale the ropes in
a ship. In English (HALEN) 1100+ < Middle French HALER < Germanic. Cf
Dutch HALEN (= bring, fetch, get), German HOLEN (= fetch), Old English
GEHOLIAN (= get, obtain). Modern French HALER (v) (= tow (e.g. a canal boat
with horses on a towpath); pull hard on a rope.
altro
altro [ˡaltrɔ] (v) alter, change (= newid [ˡne·wɪd])
English ALTER (older pronunciation [ˡaltər], now [ˡɔltə, ˡɔːltə]) (ALTER) + (-IO) > ÁLT’RIO > ALT’R’O /
ALTRO.
Also oltro [ˡɔltrɔ], showing the later (and present-day) English
pronunciation.
am
’am [am] (nm) ham (= ham [ham])
From
English HAM (= cut of meat from a pig’s hindquarters) < HAM (= back part
of the leg above the knee) < Old English HAMM (= bend of the knee, back of
the knee) < a Germanic root meaning ‘bent, crooked. Cf Welsh CAM (= crooked).
ama
ama [ˡama] (v) 1/ doubt 2/
suspect 3/ disbelieve, not accept as true (= amau [ˡamaɪ])
amal
amal [ˡamal] (adj) frequent (= aml [ˡamal])
amball
amball [ˡambaɬ] (adj) occasional (= ambell [ [ˡambɛɬ]]
amrantad
amrantad [amˡrantad] (nm) instant (=
amrantiad
[ [amˡrantjad])
Also: rantad [ˡrantad]
amrantad llycad blink of an eye
ORIGIN:
(= blink of an eyelid) (AMRANT = eyelid) + (-IAD suffix). See GPC:
amrentyn
amrentyn [amˡrɛntɪn] (nm) instant (=
eiliad
[ˡəiljad])
ORIGIN:
(= blink of an eyelid) (AMRANT = eyelid) + (vowel affection A > E) + (-YN
diminutive suffix). See GPC:
amsar
amsar
[ˡamsar] (nm) time (= amser [ˡamsɛr])
bōb amsar always (‘very
time’)
ar amsar fel ’yn at a time like
this
anas
’ạnas [ˡa·nas] (nf) story; history (= hanes [ˡha·nɛs])
nm in North Wales and standard Welsh
andlo
’andlo
[ˡandlɔ] (v) handle (= trafod [ˡtra·vɔd])
From English HANDLE (HANDL) + (-O) > HANDLO (> Gwentain ANDLO)
anesmwth
anesmwth [anˡɛsmʊθ] (adj) ill at ease, anxious (= anesmwyth [anˡɛsmʊiθ])
timlo’n anesmwth reit feel very
anxious
angal
angal [ˡaŋgal] (nm) angle (= angl [ˡaŋgal]
angladd
angladd [ˡaŋlað] (nm) angle (= angladd [ˡaŋlað], cynhebrwng,
claddedigaeth)
Also: angl’ [ˡaŋlað]
angladda [aŋˡla·ða] (pl) (= angladd [aŋˡla·ðaɪ])
annar
’annar [ˡanar] (nm) half (= hanner [ˡhanɛr])
HANNER (> Gwentian final ‘e’ > ‘a’ HANNAR > loss of initial ‘h’
ANNAR)
annepyg
annêpyg
[aˡne·pɪg] (adj) unlike (= annhebyg [aˡnhe·bɪg])
mōr annepyg â dŵr ā thɛ̄n as different as chalk and cheese (‘as different as water
and fire’)
Welsh (AN- = negative prefix) + (nasal mutation T > NH) + (TEBYG = like)
> ANNHEBYG (> Gwentian ANNHEPYG > ANNEPYG)
annipan
annîpan
[aˡni·pan] (adj) untidy, disordered, messy (= aflêr
[aˡvle:r], anniben [aˡni·bɛn])
Welsh (AN- = negative prefix) + (nasal mutation D > N) + (DIBEN = end,
conclusion) > ANNIBEN (> Gwentian ANNIPAN)
annwd
annwd [ˡanʊd] (nm) a cold (= annwyd [ˡanuɪd])
cɛ̄l annwd catch a cold, get a cold
annwl
annwl [ˡanʊl] (adj) dear (= annwyl [ˡanuɪl])
ap
ap [ap] (nm) son. See àb
apal
ạpal [ˡa·pal] (adj) able, having the ability to, capable (= abl [ˡa·bal])
aplach [ˡaplax] more able
ar
ar [ar] (prep) 1/on (= ar [ar]) 1/ on
2/ used with the names of certain places where standard Welsh would use yn (= in). This usage has sometimes
passed over into ‘Wenglish’ (the transition English dialect of the Gwentian
areas which retains features of Gwentian Welsh)
ar y Coica in Coica / Coetgae
(Wenglish ‘on the Coica’)
ar y
Bēdda in Y Beddau (Tarian y Gweithiwr / 20 Chwefror 1908: ar y
Beddau)
ar y Cēfan in Cefncoedycymer
/ in Cefncribwr
ar Donre·fil in Tonyrefail
ara
ạra [ˡa·ra] (adj) slow (= araf [ˡa·rav])
Yn ạra dēg mā mynd
ymhēll slowly does it (‘slowly and steadily there is going far’)
(literally: slow + fair)
arath
ạrath [ˡa·raθ] (nf) speech (= araith [ˡaraɪθ])
areitha#,
arîtha# [aˡrəɪθa, aˡrəi·θa] (pl) (= areithiau aˡrəɪθjaɪ])
traddōti ạrath give a
speech (= standard: traddodi araith)
ạrath nêt a fine speech
arfadd
arfadd
[ˡarvað] (nf) custom, usage (= arfer [ˡarvɛr])
arfar
arfar [ˡarvar] (nf) custom, usage (= arfer [ˡarvɛr])
Also: arfadd [ˡarvað]
argiwo
árgiwo [ˡargjuɔ] (v) argue = state your opinion (= ymresymu [əmrɛˡsəmɪ])
arian
arian [ˡarjan] (nm) money (= arian [ˡarjan])
ariod
ariōd [arˡjo:d] (adv) ever (= arian [ɛrˡjoɪd])
y pēth ryfēdda wēlas i
ariōd the strengest thing I ever saw
arlwdd
arlwdd [ˡarlʊð] (nm) sign (= arglwydd [ˡargluið])
arlwyddon# [arˡluɪðɔn])
(= arglwyddion
[arˡgluɪðjɔn])
Graig yr Arlwdd (= craig yr
arglwydd)
arn
’arn
[ˡarn] (nm) iron (= haearn [ˡhəɪarn])
Y Bont ’Arn the iron bridge (= Y Bont Haearn). This was a Merthyrtudful landmark It had been
designed and built by the principal engineer of the Cyfarthfa Iron Works,
Watkyn
George. It was completed in the year 1800. It was demolished after 164
years of existence by the town council in 1964.
From a southern form haern. Cf the
change aer > ar in
1/ Maerdy > Mardy (various places have this name),
2/ Llanilltud Faerdre > Llanilltud Fardra;
3/ Trahaearn / Trahaern > Trehaearn / Treháern > Trehárn > Treárn.
aros
ạros [ˡa·rɔs] (v) stay, wait (= aros [ˡa·rɔs])
fyswn ī’n leico ạros yno
I’d like to stay there
arswydus
arswydus
[arˡsuɪdɪs] (adj, adv) terrible, terribly (= arswydus
[arˡsuɪdɪs])
ōdd ī’n ōr arswydus
it was terribly cold
arwdd
arwdd [ˡa·rʊð] (nm) sign (= arwydd [ˡa·ruið])
arwýddon# [arˡwɪðɔn])
(= arwyddion
[arˡuɪðjɔn])
asgwrn
asgwrn [ˡasgʊrn] (nm) bone (= asgwrn [ˡasgʊrn])
esgyrn [ˡɛsgɪrn]) (= esgyrn [ˡɛsgɪrn])
(Other forms and spellings: ascwrn, escyrn)
ath
āth [a:θ]. See ɛ̄th [ɛ:θ]
arti
’arti
[ˡartɪ] (nm) hearty (= harti [ˡhartɪ])
atag
ạtag [ˡa·tag] (nf) time, occasion, period (= adeg
[ˡadɛg])
adēca [aˡde·ka] (pl) (= adegau [aˡde·gaɪ])
atryd
atryd [ˡatrɪd] undress tynnu eich dillad amdanoch,
ymddihatryd
(Source: GYA. S.E.: atryd)
Cf south-western matryd, matru, datryd
aw
aw [au]
In
Welsh in general, in a tonic syllable, it may be found as o [o·, ɔ]
holi (= to ask, question,
interrogate) < hawl (= a right)
bach
bāch [ba:x] small, little. See bɛ̄ch [bɛ:x]
bachan
bạchan [ˡba·xan] (nm) fellow (= bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn] = boy)
MEANING: (1) fellow; (2) used also in addressing somebody; (3) in
addressing somebody in disbelief at what has been asked or said, equivalent
to an English expression of surprise followed by ‘man’, ‘boy’, ‘my lad’, ‘my
friend’, etc – Good heavens, man!
NOTE: Typically south-eastern, though it is found in other areas of Wales
shẁd
ī chī, bạchan?
how are you, my friend?
-Bēth yw reina? –Bạchan! Ond tortha Ffrengig yw reina!
(-Beth yw y rheina? -Bachan! Ond torthau Ffrengig yw’r rheina!)
-What are those? Good heavens man! Can’t you see they’re French loaves? (“but
(it is) French loaves (that-are) thosē)
There is also a form of address with the soft mutation of b > f
fachan [ˡva·xan] Compare fechgyn! [ˡvɛxgɪn] (= boys, lads), ferch! [vɛrx] (= girl)
Also with the loss of this intial [v]
achan [ˡa·xan]
Compare mab [ma:b]
(= son) > ab [ab] (son, in patronymics) (or ap [ab], an archaic spelling of ab).
bachgan
bachgan
[ˡbaxgan] (nm) boy, lad (= bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn])
bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɪn] (pl) boys. (= bechgyn
[ˡbɛxgɪn])
bechgynach [bɛxˡgənax] lads (the plural diminutive suffix -ach suggests
disapproval, criticism)
bad
bād [ba:d]. See bɛ̄d [bɛ:d] (= boat)
bacad
bạcad [ˡba·kad] (nm) 1/ crowd
(= torf
[tɔrv]) 2/ large number (= nifer mawr [ˡni·vɛr ˡmaur])
Also bạgad [ˡba·gad]
bạcad ō ddinnon a crowd
of men
am fạgad ō resyma for a
host of reasons
balch
balch [balx] (adj) 1/ proud
2/ glad (= balch [balx])
ōdd à’n falch iawn ī ngweld ī, ā ōn īn falch
ī weld ynta èd he was very glad to see me, and I was very glad to
see him too
bambwzlo
bambŵzlo [bamˡbu·zlɔ] (v) bamboozle, deceive, trick (= twyllo
[ˡtuiɬɔ])
banc
banc [baŋk] (nm) 1/ bank = moneyhouse (= banc [baŋk]) 2/ side of a canal
banca [ˡbaŋkja]
(pl) (= banciau
[ˡbaŋkjaɪ])
banc y cnel the canal side
bap
bap [bap] (nm) large soft bread roll, South Wales English
‘bap’ (=
wicsen
gron [ˡwɪksɛn ˡgrɔn])
baps [baps] (pl) (= wicsen gron
[ˡwɪks ˡkrənjɔn])
bap brecwast breakfast bap
http://www.bbc.co.uk/cymru/deddwyrain/safle/eich_bro/pages/bwyta_allan.shtml
From south-eastern Wales English BAP < English BAP, first noted in English
in 1505.
bar-
bar- [ba] (n) a form of aber (= estuary) in some place
names. Also byr- [bər]
Bartīfi (= Aberteifi;
English: Cardigan). Also Byrtīfi
Bar-dɛ̄r (= Aber-dâr;
English: Aberdare). Also Byr-dɛ̄r
(Other possible forms or spellings: Bardêr, Bardare, Byrdêr, Byrdare, Bartifi,
Byrtifi, Barteifi, Barteifi)
bara
bạra [ˡba·ra] (nm) bread (= bara [ˡba·ra])
bạra brīth [ˡba·ra ˡbri: θ] currant bread (literally ‘speckled bread’)
bạra ’mēnyn bread and butter [ˡba·ra ˡme·nɪn] (literally ‘bread (of) butter’)
bạra lawr laver bread,
also known in English as ‘black butter’
bạra
llɛ̄th
[ˡba·ra
ˡɬɛ:θ]) bread and milk, or
bread and buttermilk
bạra
llechwan
[ˡba·ra
ˡɬɛxwan] griddle bread; bread baked on a
griddle or bakestone (either with yeast or unleavened)
barn
barn [barn] (nf) 1/ opinion 2/ verdict (= barn [ˡbarn])
barna [ˡbarna] (pl) (= barnau [ˡbarnaɪ])
This word is feminine in South Wales. (Cymraeg safonol / standard Welsh, and
northern Welsh: masculine)
(delwedd 3204b)
barnwr
barnwr [ˡbarnʊr] (nm) 1/ judge (= barnwr [ˡbarnʊr]) 2/ adjudicator in an eisteddfod (= beirniad [ˡbəɪrnjad])
barnwrz [ˡbarnʊrz] (pl) (= barnwyr [ˡbarnwɪr], beirniaid [ˡbəɪrnjaɪd])
barnwrz Steddfod Car-dydd the
adjudicators in the Caer-dydd / Cardiff Eisteddfod (barnwrs Steddfod Cardydd
– Tarian y Gweithiwr 27-07-1899)
basa
basa
[ˡbasa] (v) it would be (= buasai [bɪˡasaɪ])
Also bysa
Also in the reduced
form sà
basa fawr nā... I wish that, if only... (= buasai fawr na [bɪˡasaɪ ˡvaur na:])
Basa fawr nā nēlach chī rw̄path ī elpi =
I wish you’d do something to help
(Buasai fawr na wnelech chwi rywbeth i helpu)
(Source: Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, tudalen 2830)
becan
bẹcan [ˡbe·kan] (v) beg. See ymbil [ˡəmbɪl] = importune, cardota [karˡdɔta] = ask for money or food)
bẹcan ar rw*un ī
nīthir rw*path beg somebody to do something (= ymbil ar rywun i
wneud rhywbeth)
(“i fecan” yng nGPC: begiaf)
bech
bɛ̄ch [bɛ:x] (adj) little, small (= bach
[ba:x])
ticyn bɛ̄ch a
little bit
mbɛ̄ch a little bit
(ticyn b- > ticym b- ti’m b- > m b-)
(Other spellings: bach, bech, bêch, bâch, bæch, baech; mbech, mbach)
bechgyn
bechgyn
[ˡbɛxgɪn] (pl) boys. See bachgan [ˡbaxgan])
bed
bɛ̄d [bɛ:d] (nm) boat (= bad [ba:d]; cwch [ku:x])
bạta [ˡba·ta] (pl) (= badau [ˡba·daɪ]; cychod [ˡkəxɔd])
(Other
spellings: bad, bed, bêd, bâd, bæd, baed, bâta, bata)
beudy
beudy
[ˡbəɪdɪ] (nm) cowhouse, cowshed (= beudy [ˡbəɪdɪ])?
?Also
bûdy [ˡbi·dɪ]
beili
beili
[ˡbəɪlɪ] (nm) 1/ farmyard (= buarth [ˡbi·arθ]) 2/ yard, front yard, back yard (= cowrt [koʊrt], iard [jard], libart [ˡli·bart])
beilïa [bəɪˡli·a] (pl) (= cowrtiau [ˡkoʊrtjaɪ], ierdydd / iardiau [ˡjɛrdɪð, ˡjardjaɪ], libartiau [lɪˡbartjaɪ])
Y Beili-gles
Y Beili-glɛ̄s [ə ˡbəɪlɪ ˡglɛ:s] SO4708 (spelt as
Bailey Glace) (nearby is Beili-glâs Wood, in [almost] standard spelling (=
Beili-glas, without the circumflex). An eighteenth-century farmhouse in
Cwmcarfan, s.s.e of Llanddingad / Dingestow, Sir Fynwy / Monmouthshire.
Y Beili-glas, SO3010 s.s.e of
Llanelen, Sir Fynwy / Monmouthshire on the Ordnance Survey map, was
undoubtedly also Y Beili-glɛ̄s
Mynydd Beili-glas SN9202, (= Mynydd y Beili-glas) south of Y Ricos / Y
Rhigos, perpetuates the name of a lost farm (= upland of /
hillside grazing of Y Beili-glas farm’). This too was most undoubtedly Y Beili-glɛ̄s
ber-
ber- [bɛr] clipped form of
aber [aˡbɛr] in place names
Bercannid < Abercannid [bɛrˡkanɪd, abɛrˡkanɪd]. Standard: Abercannaid
[abɛrˡkanaɪd].
Ber-dɛ̄r < Aber-dɛ̄r [bɛrˡdɛ:r, abɛrˡdɛ:r]. Standard: Aber-dâr [abɛrˡda:r].
Ber-nant < Aber-nant [bɛrˡnant, abɛrˡnant]. Standard: Aber-dâr
[abɛrˡnant].
Shīr Berteifi < Sir Aberteifi
Before
a vowel loses the vowel to become the consonant cluster [br].
Aberafan > Berafan > Brafan
Aberaman > Beraman > Braman
Aberystwyth > Berystwyth > Brystwyth
Beronddu
Beronddu [bɛˡrɔnðɪ] (nf) town name; English =
Brecon (= Aberhonddu [abɛrˡhɔnðɪ])
(‘Beronddu’ Tarian y Gweithiwr 06-12-1888)
Bethlam
Bethlam
[ˡbɛθlam] (nmf) 1/ Bethlehem 2/ Bethlehem as a chapel name
(= Bethlehem
[ˡbɛθlɛhɛm])
bishi
[ˡbɪʃɪ] (adj) busy (= prysur
[ˡprəsɪr])
Rw̄ ī wēti bōd yn
sōbor ō fishi’n ddiwēddar I’ve been really busy recently
mà mà lē bishi iawn things
are very busy here (mà = mae = there is; mà = ymà = here; ‘there is a very
busy place here’)
mà’r ddoi dīcyn yn fishi jyst
nawr the two of them are a bit busy at the moment
From the English word BUSY [ˡbizi], pronounced as [ˡbisi] in Welsh
since [z] was not part of the Welsh sound-system at the time of the
borrowing. Palatalisation later in contact with [i] characteristic of
southern Welsh (bīsi > bīshi)
bisnesan
[bɪˡsnɛsan] (adj) go about one’s business (= ymbrysuro
[əmbrəˡsi·rɔ])
From Welsh (BUSNES = business) + (-AN verb suffix) > BUSNESAN (Gwentian
spelling BISNESAN)
blac, blacs
blac [blak] (nm) blakpat (= chwilen ddu [ˡxwi·lɛn ˡði:] = black beetle)
blacs [blaks] (pl)
See
also blacpatan below.
blacas
blacas [ˡblakas] (nf)
black woman
From
Welsh (BLAC = black) < English
BLACK, + (-ES noun suffix, in Gwentian -AS): blaces > blacas
blacpatan, blacpats
blacpatan
[blakˡpatan] (nm) blackpat, cockroach (= chwilen ddu [ˡxwi·lɛn ˡði:] = black beetle)
blacpats [ˡblakpats] (pl) (= chwilod duon [ˡxwi·lɔd ˡdi·ɔn] = black beetle)
See also: blac
yn ddu o flacpats covered in
blackpats, black with blackpats
(delwedd B0463b)
(delwedd B0443)
Duw a helpo pob eglwys sydd a'r "dyn croes" ynddi! "Pwt
y gynnen" y gelwir ef yn fwyaf cyffredin, ond darluniodd hen weinidog
profiadol ef fel hwyad yn y ffynnon, yn tryblu ac yn llygru dwfr tê y
cymdogion; neu fel "black patan"
mewn "tarten jam" fyddys yn ei chnoi yn y genau
(delwedd B0464)
Fe startas o dan y pwll gyta'r fireman
- bachan ifanc a mwstash coch; odd a yn wilia yn dawal right, a chap bach
crop ar i ben a. Ar y ffordd i weld y talcan, fe etho i trwy ryw lefydd
rhyfedd iawn gyta fa yn ddou ddwbwl, nes odd y nghefan i just a thori yn ddou
a amser on i'n mynd mlan rodd y wys yn dropan lawr fel pistyll oddiar y
nhrwyn i. O'r diwadd, fe welas y talcan odd i fod i fi. Talcan bach piwr yn
wir; ond fe geso i ofan gwitho ynddo - rodd y blackpats
bron a llanw'r lle, a'r colliars mor dduad a Zulus, ac yn gwitho heb i crysa.
Ma nhw yn dweyd fod...
Childhood memories
By Joan Rees, Cwmaman, Aberdare
I was born in 1938. My parents often told stories of how they lived through
the 1920s. Glanaman Road was virtually on the mountain, and yet almost in a
coal yard for Fforchaman Colliery (Brown's pit). Its trucks of coal and
stockpile of timber logs were on our doorstep.
We all bathed in turn in the same tin bath in front of the huge coal fire
using water boiled on our living room coal fire grate.
The blackleaded grate was the essential part of living. It heated the water,
cooked the food, toasted our bread, warmed our chilblained toes, dried the
sticks for next day's fire and aired the clothes. There was a darker side to
the comfort of our fireplace - at night the blackpats (beetles) invaded our
'territory'. ‘Coal House AT war’.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/coalhouse2/sites/memories/pages/119317148723868653933.shtml
...across the street wasa public bakehouse where cockroaches (we called them
blackpats) bred like flies and often sent out raiding parties across the road
to colonise us Knock 'Em Cold, Kid. Elaine Morgan. 2012
ORIGIN: From West-Midland English
BLACKBAT (BLACK) + (BAT?) > south-eastern-Wales English BLACKPAT >
Welsh BLACPAT-
(or else English BLACKBAT > Welsh BLACBAT > BLACPAT >
south-eastern-Wales English BLACKPAT.
BAT is a short form in English of the name Bartholomew; this might be the
origin of BAT in the insect name.
Cf ‘BLACK-BOB.— A black beetle’. A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases.
Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialect
Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard
spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’).
In the Berkshire name ‘Bob’ is presumably the short form of Robert.
Also, in Worcestershire, another beetle is referred to as a ‘bat’ – a
‘rainbat’ is a beetle which appears when it is about to rain.
(delwedd B0439a)
Why PAT istead of BAT?
Possibly this is the influence of Welsh consonant cluster [kp] which has
replaced [kb]
e.g. deg + punt > (degbunt / ten pounds [in money]) > decpunt,
deg + pwys > (degbwys / ten pounds [in weight]) > decpwys,
However [kb] is also current:
crog + pren (hang- + tree) has given crocbren (though in Cornish krokprenn,
and Middle Breton (in modern Breton spelling) 'kroukprenn'), and
crog + pris (hang- + price = extortionate price) is crocbris;
ffacbys (= lentils) from English vatch < vetch + Welsh pys = peas.
In English, PAT is also a fond form of MARTHA, though it seems unlikely to be
the final element in BLACPAT, since BLACKBAT seems to be the original form
(Also for Patrick, though this is only a current name in England in recent
times with massive immigration from Ireland especially from the 1840s
onwards).
(Other
spellings and forms: blac-pat, blac-pad, blacpaten, blacpaden, blacpadyn,
blac-pats, blac-pads, flacpat, flacpats, flacpaten, flacpatan, flacpadyn,
flac-pats, flac-pads, black patan; in English: blackpat, blackpats, black
pat, black pats, black pad, black pads, blackpad, blackpads)
(delwedd B0404)
▼
(delwedd B0403)
Tarian y Gweithiwr. 1
October 1908.
...ond nis gallai Wil siarad
gair. Yr oedd y cyfan megys breuddwyd; ond chwareu teg iddo, yr oedd yn medru
gweled os nad allai siarad, ac meddai wedi hyn, ar ol cyrhaedd terra firma, onid oedd pethau yn
edrych yn rhyfedd wrth edrych i lawr arnynt? Yr oedd y dynion yn y gwaelod yn
edrycb lawer yn llai na’r blackpats sydd yn
stabl ochr South, ac yn wir, Mr Go., mae yna egwyddor o wirionedd amlwg yn y
dywediad, un bach yw dyn pan edrychir i lawr arno; ac efallai fod ambell un
yn bur hoff o fanteisio ar fan priodol i gael good look down ar
rywun, neu rhywrai; ac, yn wir, dyma ei unig gyfle, tra ar bob adeg a safle
arall rhaid iddynt ymostwng i edrych i fyny.
But Wil couldn’t speak a word. It was all like a dream; but to give him his
due / fair play to him, he could see that if he couldn’t speak, and he said
this afterwards, after reaching terra
firma, didn’t things look strange looking down on them? The men at the
bottom looked a lot smaller than the blackpats
that are in the stable at the side of the South [shaft], and indeed, mr.
Editor, there is a principle of obvious truth in the saying, a man is small
when he is looked down upon; and maybe some people are very fond of taking
advantage of an appropiate place to have a ‘good look down’ on
someone, or some other people; and,
indeed, that is his only opportunity, as on every other occasion or in every
other position they must bend down / submit to look up.
▼
(delwedd 5827)
Words and Phrases Used in South-east Worcestershire. Jesse Sailisbury. 1893.
Blackbat,
(substantive). The blackbeetle, or cockroach. West Worcestershire, and
elsewhere.
A
memory of Sparkbrook in 1950 by Janet Devine. Colville Road, Sparkbrook
[Birmingham; formerly Worcestershire]. I was born at 4 Back, 34 Colville Road
in January 1950. These back houses were very small with a shared outside
toilet. We had all manner of creatures that lived there too, massive spiders,
blackbats and beetles that lived the coal
cupboard which was in the kitchen.... www.francisfrith.com
▼
(delwedd 5972)
Evening Express (Cardiff) 3 June 1898. “Ah!” said a summer visitor, who had
heard a great deal of the universality of music in Wales. "Ah!" he
said to his landlady at Penarth, “I should so like to see the country
cottages of your Welsh Valleys. with Mozart in the parlour and Beethoven in
the kitchen.” “Beetoving in the kitching?" cried his landlady with
disgust; "just let me ketch Beetovings in my kitching! I'd go for em
with shovel, I would. We calls ’em 'black pats' in
Wales, sir, the nasty things!”
▼
Sometimes
a minister, wishing to chide those who didn’t attend the morning service,
would facetiously refer to them as black pads, a colloquial name for a
species of cockroach which came out only at night... I think that perhaps my
parents fell into the black pad category of
chapelgoers when I was a child... (Childhood in a Welsh Mining Valley. Vivian Jones. 2017).
▼
birminghamhistory.co.uk
thanks very much mikjee . i didnt have it quite right so that helps and now i
know where it is. and i can see the vinegar factory [Westley Street,
Birmingham] where the blackbats (beetles) came
out from at night. (chinnychinn, Jul 8, 2009)
▼
birminghamhistory.co.uk
Our house was crawling with Blackbats, we had
Mice, the occasional Rat, silverfish, Nits and at least 4 million Spiders...I
actually went to Dudley Zoo to get AWAY from wildlife not see it. (Kandor,
Apr 14, 2004)
▼
birminghamforum.co.uk
Re: Old Brummie sayings got any?... check ya boot for blackbats. (Ray Harrison, January 03, 2014).
blagard
blagard [ˡblagard] (nm) villain, scoundrel, bully (= adyn
[ˡadɪn],
dihiryn [dɪˡhi·rɪn], blagard [ˡblagard])
blagardz# [ˡblagardz] (nm) villain, scoundrel, bully (= adynod
[aˡdənɔd],
blagardiaid [blaˡgardjaid])
Also blagiar (pl) blagiarz [ˡblagjar, ˡblagjarz]
Origin: English BLAGGARD < BLACKGUARD (BLACK + GUARD). Used originally of
kitchen workers in a large house, probably ironically in the sense of an army
of servants or workers. Later the sense developed to ‘person of the criminal
classes; low, contemptuous, vile individual’.
(Worcestershire):
Upton on Severn Words and Phrases. Robert Lawson. English Dialect Society.
1884. BLAGGERD, n. Pron. (pronunciation) of blackguard. One addicted to
swearing and low language.
blagardath
blagardath [blaˡgardaθ] (v) abuse, insulting language (= difrio
[dɪˡfri·ɔ],
blagardiaeth blaˡgardjaɪθ])
(Merthyr
Times 19-03-1896)
blagardo
blagardo
[blaˡgardɔ] (v) abuse, insult (= difrio [dɪˡfri·ɔ])
blagardo dȳn yn ī gēfan
insult somebody or talk disparaginly of somebody behind his back
(BLAGARD) + (verbal suffix -IO) > BLAGARDIO > BLAGARDO
blân
blān [bla:n]. See blɛ̄n [blɛ:n]
blasto
blasto [ˡblastɔ] (v) blast (= blastio [ˡblastjɔ])
From
the English word BLAST (+ verb suffix -IO) > BLASTIO > BLASTO
blecid
blēcid [ˡble·kɪd] (conj) because (= oherwydd [o: ˡhe·ruið])
blẹcid fel w* ī wẹti gweid ō’r ble**n because
as I’ve said before
bleuna
bleina [ˡbləɪna] (adj) first, foremost (= blaenaf [bləɪnav])
y ddwy lein fleina the first two
lines
bleuna
bleina [ˡbləɪna] (pl) See blaen
[blaɪn] top; source of a river
Y Bleuna
Y
Bleuna [ə ˡbləɪna] town in Gwent (Y Blaenau [ə ˡbləɪnaɪ])
Y Blīna might be expected; the spelling occurs but in English contexts,
and seems to represent an English pronunciation [blaɪnə]
Bleuna Morgannwg
Bleuna Morgannwg [ˡbləɪna mɔrˡganʊg] the uplands of Morgannwg (in contradistinction to
Brō Morgannwg (= the lowlands of Morgannwg, Englished as the ‘Vale of
Glamorgan’) (= Blaenau Morgannwg [ˡbləɪnaɪ mɔrˡganʊg])
blên
blɛ̄n [blɛ:n] (nm) top; source of a river (= blaen
[blaɪn])
bleina, blīna#
[ˡbləɪna,
ˡbli·na]
(= blaenau
[ˡbləɪnaɪ])
blina
blīna [ˡblīna]. See blaen
[blaɪn] = top; source of a river; Y Bleina (town in Gwent); bleina
(=
foremost, first)
blôc
blôc
[blo:k] (nm) bloke, fellow (= dyn [di:n])
blôcs [blo:ks] (pl) (= dynion [ˡdənjɔn])
From
the English word BLOKE
blongad
blongad [ˡblɔŋad] (v) belong (= perthyn [ˡpɛrθɪn])
popath sy*’n blongad ī nī
everything that belongs to us
blotyn
blōtyn
[ˡblo·tɪn] (nm) flower (= blodyn [ˡblo·dɪn], blodeuyn [blɔˡdəɪɪn])
blōta [ˡblo·ta] (pl) flowers (= blodau [ˡblo·daɪ])
blōtyn gwyn a white flower
blōta cawl marigolds
(‘flowers [of] broth’, ‘broth flowers’)
mà dīcon ō flōta’n yr ardd there are plenty more fish
in the sea
(delwedd
B0407)
Carmarthen Weekly Reporter. 18 Mai 1917. (Misprints corrected) We are apt to
think that a good many kinds of grain which have not been much used in this
country during the last thirty years are complete novelties. How many people
in this country have ever thought of millet being used as a human food? Yet
it has been used as human food in this country in the 18th century — at the
Bluecoat School at any rate. Charles Lamb, the famous essayist, was at the
Bluecoat School from 1783 until 1790. He speaks of "Monday's milk
porridge blue and tasteless" and of "Wednesday's mess of
millet." Nothing in the way of food appeared to be very acceptable to
him for he did not even like Thursday's fresh boiled beef because it had
"detestable marigolds floating in the pail to poison the broth."
There is something very homely to people in the rural districts of Wales
about the reference to marigolds. There is a peculiar variety of marigolds
which is used for broth and whose value is so recognised in this respect that
they are known as "Blodau Cawl"
(broth flowers) or even "Cawl" for short. There are marigolds of
course which are "florists' flowers" but any stranger who grows
them in a Welsh neighbourhood need not be hurt if his friends congratulate
him on the fine display and tell him that he can make beautiful broth out of
that lot. In Lamb's time marigold was recognised in England as a
"savoury"; it had not been ousted by Indian curries and other
foreign spices. In English gardens the marigold now rivals the aster; but in
Welsh country gardens it rivals the onion.
blynydda
blynydda
[bləˡnəða] (plural) years. See blwyddyn.
boi-sgowt
boi-sgówt
[bɔɪˡsgout] (nm) boy scout (= sgowt [sgout])
boi-sgówts [bɔɪˡsgouts] (pl) boy scouts (= sgowtiaid [ˡsgoutjaɪd])
boneddig
bonēddig [bɔˡne·ðɪg] (adj) gentlemanly,
gentlewomanly, noble (= bonheddig [bɔˡnhe·ðɪg])
Also bynēddig [bəˡne·ðɪg]
bola
bòla
[ˡbɔla] (nm) stomach (= bol [ˡbɔl])
cɛ̄l caws ō fòla
cī be impossible, to
futilely try to get back something which has been lost for ever (“get cheese
from (the) stomach (of) (a) dog” [once the dog has eaten it])
bopa
bopa
[ˡbɔpa] (nf) 1/ auntie (sister of a father or mother);
term of address 2/ auntie = wife of an uncle; term of address 3/ auntie =
term of address for a woman who is not a member of the family but is, for
example, a neighbour or friend of the parents (= modryb [ˡmɔdrɪb]) 4/ bopa /
ên bopa effeminate man
A word confined to the south-east; in origin, a child’s word for an aunt, evidently a form of modryb.
A possible explanation is:
(1) modryb / motryb probably reduced to mòb,
(2) with the addition of a diminutive -a; (moba).
(3) In Welsh initial b and m can interchange (boba).
(4) In the south-east, a b- at the beginning of a final
syllable is devoiced to p- (bopa).
bora
bōra [ˡbo·ra] (nm) morning (= bore [ˡbo·rɛ]])
borïa [bɔˡria] (= boreuau [bɔˡrəɪaɪ])
Also boreia# [bɔˡrəɪa]
bōra
dɛ̄ good morning
bōra dy* Sạtwn on
Saturrday morning
(Other spellings: bora, borua, boria, boreia, boreua)
bord
bord [bɔrd] (nf) table (= bwrdd [bʊrð], bord [bɔrd])
bordydd [ˡbɔrdɪð] (= byrddau [ˡbərðaɪ], bordydd [ˡbɔrdɪð])
botas
botas
[ˡbɔtas] (nf) boot (= botasen [bɔˡtasɛn])
botasa [bɔˡtasa] (pl) boot (= botasau [bɔˡtasaɪ])
Gwesty’r Fotas Boot Inn,
Merthyrtudful (Y Darian 25-06-1916)
brago
bràgo
[ˡbragɔ] (v) 1/ brag, boast (= ymffrostio [əmˡfrɔstjɔ]) 2/ extol the virtues of, talk about admiringly
(Other spellings: brago, braggo)
braich
braich
[braɪx] (nm) arm (= braich [braɪx])
breicha [ˡbrəɪxa] (pl) (arms) (= breichiau [ˡbrəɪxjaɪ])
Also brīcha [ˡbri·xa]
braith
braith
[braɪθ] (adj) feminine form of brīth [bri:θ])
Braman
Braman
[ˡbraman] (nf) place name (= Aberaman [aberˡaman])
Village in the Cynon valley (the confluence of Aman, place where the Aman
stream flows into the river Cynon;
aber = confluence (used with the name of a tributary) + Aman (river
name)
In Gwentian, Aberaman > Beraman > Braman
(1) the initial vowel, which is unaccented, drops away (a very common
phenomenon in spoken Welsh)
(2) the vowel in the pretonic syllable drops away to give a consonant
cluster br-
bratu
brạtu [ˡbra·tɪ] (v) to waste, to use needlessly (= afradu [aˡvra·di], gwastraffu [gwasˡtra·fi])
From afradu = to waste; af- =
negative prefix, rhad = grace, -u = suffix
to form verbs. Afradu > ‘fradu. Because f [v] is often a soft-mutated form
of b in some words there is a temptation to ‘restore’
this b, even where it is unjustified. Hence ’fradu >
bradu. In the south-east, a d- at the beginning of
a final syllable is devoiced to t- (bratu).
(Other
spellings: brati)
brawd
brawd [braud] (nm) 1/ brother = relative 2/ brother = comrade (=
brawd
[braud])
brōtyr [ˡbro·tɪr] (pl) (= brodyr [ˡbro·dɪr])
mà nẁ’n
ddou frawd
they’re brothers (‘they are two brothers’)
(Other spellings: brotyr, brotir)
breicha
breicha [ˡbrəɪxa] (pl) (arms). See braich (= arm)
brên
brɛ̄n [brɛ:n] (nf) crow (= brân [bra:n])
brain [braɪn] (pl) (= brain [braɪn])
swno fel brɛ̄n sound like a
crow
cạni fel brɛ̄n sing like a crow
brênz
brênz
[bre:nz] (nm) (Englishism) brains = intellectual capability
(= ymenydd
[əˡme·nɪð])
From English BRAINS
(Other
spellings: brêns)
brethyn
brēthyn [ˡbre·θɪn] (nm) cloth (= ybrethyn [ˡbre·θɪn])
(Other spellings: brethyn)
bricha
brīcha [ˡbri·xa] (pl) (arms) > braich (= arm)
(Other
spellings: bricha)
bricsan
bricsan [ˡbrɪksan] (nf) brick (= bricsen [ˡbrɪksɛn], priddfaen [ˡprɪðvaɪn])
brycs [brɪks] (pl) (= briciau [ˡbrɪkjaɪ], priddfeini [prɪðˡvəɪnɪ])
gwaith brics [gwaɪθ ˡbrɪks] brickworks
English BRICKS > Welsh BRICS. (BRICS) + (-EN sigulative suffix) >
BRICSEN (> BRICSAN)
Brigro
Brigro
[ˡbrɪgrɔ] (nm) Birchgrove Colliery, Llansamlet (1845-1932)
(= Llwynbedw
[ɬuɪnˡbe·dʊ])
bripsyn
bripsyn
[ˡbrɪpsɪn] (nm) piece, fragment, bit; tiny amount (= darn
[darn])
Also bripshin [ˡbrɪpʃɪn]
From Norman-French BRIBE (f) (= fragment, scrap). Plural BRIBES > Welsh
(BRIPS) + singulative suffix – YN) > BRIPSYN.
Modern French has the same word (BRIBE = fragment)
brith
brīth
[bri:θ] (adj)
Feminine form braith
[braɪθ], plural brithion [ˡbrɪθjɔn]
(1) speckled
(2) (bread) speckled with currants
bạra brīth currant bread (literally ‘speckled bread’)
(3) (person) shady, dubious, unsavoury, not to be trusted; bachan
brith = shady type, shady character.
broc
broc
[brɔk] (adj) dappled (= cymysgliw [kəˡməsglɪu])
casag froc a dappled mare
Probably from English BROCK = an inferior horse; if not Irish BROC [brok] =
speckled..
(delwedd
5904)
A Dictionary of the Kentish Dialect and Provincialisms in Use in the County
of Kent
by William Douglas Parish, William Francis Shaw and John White Masters. 1888.
BROK, BROCK [brok] sb. An inferior horse. The word is used by Chaucer,
Canterbury Tales, 7125
broc
broc
[brɔk] (nm) dappled horse (= ceffyl brith [ˡkɛfɪl bri:θ])
brocs [brɔks] (pl) (= ceffylau brithion [kɛˡfəlaɪ ˡbrɪθkjɔn])
(delwedd 5902)
Y Darian. 28 Hydref 1915. Brocs y Rhicos.—Yr oedd y Rhicos yn enwog un amser
am y “Merlynod Brocs," cymysg-liw, tywyll a goleu, a phan y byddai
ymryson rhwng pobol y cyffiniau, gelwid gwyr Rhicos yn ' 'Frocs," a
hynny mewn digofaint.
The
Rugos Brocks. Y Rugos was once famous for the “Brock Ponies”, of variegated
colours, dark and light, and when there was contention among people of the
vicinity the inhabitants of Y Rugos were called ‘Brocks’ in anger.
Brocwr
Brōcwr
[ˡbro·kʊr] (nf) place name (= Aberogwr [a·ber ˡo·gʊr])]
Name of the the village at the estuary of this river (called by the English
‘Ogmore on Sea’).
In Gwentian, Aberōgwr > Aberōcwr > Berōcwr >
Brōcwr
(1) In Gwentian, [b d g] as the initial syllable of the final syllable are
devoiced to give [p t k]
(2) the initial vowel, which is unaccented, drops away (a very common
phenomenon in spoken Welsh)
(3) the vowel in the pretonic syllable drops away to give a consonant cluster
br-
bron
bron (1) [brɔn] (nf) breast (= bron [brɔn])
bronna [ˡbrɔna] (pl) (= bronnau [ˡbrɔnaɪ])
bron
bron (2) [brɔn] (adv) almost (= bron [brɔn])
bron pawb almost everybody
bryn
bryn [brɪn] (nm) hill (= bryn [brɪn])
brynna [ˡbrəna] (pl) (= bryniau [ˡbrənjaɪ])
Y Brynna
Y Brynna [ə ˡbrəna] village name (the official name is the Gwentian form,
rather than the literary Welsh form which would be Y Bryniau [ə ˡbrənjaɪ])
budur
bûdur [ˡbi·dɪr] (adj) dirty; remarkable, splendid, wonderful (= budr, budur
[ˡbi·dɪr] = dirty)
bạchan bûdur a splendid
fellow, a wonderful man
own ī wēti blīno'n fûdur I was tired out
Though
one might expect [d] > [t]; bûtur
[ˡbi·tɪr] does not occur as the [d] is from an expanded
consonant cluster and in such cases provection does not occur.
(Other spellings: bidir, fidir, budur, budir, fudur, fudir)
bucal
bīcal
[ˡbi·kal] (nm) 1/ shepherd 2/
minister (= bugail
[ˡbi·gaɪl])
bigeilid (pl) [biˡgəɪlɪd]
(pl) (= bugeiliaid
[biˡgəɪljaɪd])
Also: bigilid# [biˡgi·lɪd]
bwa
[bu·a] (nm) 1/ bow 2/ arch (= bwa [bu·a])
bwa’r wibran rainbow (‘bow (of
the) sky’)
From Old English or Middle English
Cf Dialect Words from North Somerset
Bow = Hump-backed stone bridge over water-course
http://www.ycccart.co.uk/index_htm_files/Dialect%20words%20in%20reports-2.pdf
buta
buta [ˡbɪta] (v) eat (= bwyta
[ˡbuita])
bwcwth
bw̄cwth [ˡbu·kʊθ]
(v) threaten (= bygwth [ˡbəgəθjɔ], bygwth [ˡbəgʊθ])
bwl
bŵl [bu:l] (nm) bowl (in game of bowling) (= bŵl
[bu:l])
Ynys-y-bŵl apparently ‘meadow
of the bowl’, bowling field
Note the use of the singular for the plural in Gwlad y Sais (‘Land of the
Englishman’ = England),
Gwlad y Basg (‘Land of the Basque man’, the Basque Country).
bwm
bwm
[bʊm] (nm) county court bailiff (= bwmbeili [bʊmˡbəɪlɪ]) (Y Darian 25-06-1916)
bwms (pl) [bʊmz] (pl) bailiffs (= bwmbeiliaid [bʊmbəɪˡli·aɪd])
From English BUM, a short form for BAILIFF
(delwedd
5830)
Bum, or Bum-bailey, n. a broker’s man. ‘I heerd uz how jack ‘ud got the bums in ‘is ‘ouse for rent.’ A
Glossary of Words and Phrases used in S.E. Worcestershire / Jesse Salisbury /
1893.
bwriatu
bwriạtu [bʊrˡja·tɪ] (v) intend (= bwriadu [bʊrˡja·dɪ])
bwtshwr
bwtshwr [ˡbʊʧʊr], (nm) butcher (= cigydd
[ˡki·gɪð])
bwtshwrz [ˡbʊʧʊrz] (pl) (= cigyddion
[kɪˡgəðjɔn])
From English BUTCHER, with the Welsh agent suffix -WR.
byd
bȳd [bi:d] (nm) world (= byd [bi:d])
byneddig
bynēddig [bəˡne·ðɪg]. See boneddig
[bɔˡne·ðɪg]
Byr-
Byr- shortened form of aber in some place names
Byr-dɛ̄r for Aber-dɛ̄r
Byrtawa for Abertawa
bysa
bysa
[ˡbəsa] (v) it would be > basa [ˡbasa]
byth
bỳth [bɪθ] (adv) ever; (with
negative) never
fyswn ī bỳth yn... I’d never... (= ni fuaswn byth yn.... [ni: vɪˡa·sʊn
bɪθ ən..])
am bỳth for
ever
Cymri
am bỳth Wales
for ever
NOTE: the ỳ
indicates a short ‘i’ sound [ɪ] where normally in such a pattern (here a monosyllable
with vowel + final ‘th’) the vowel would be long. Cf nȳth [ni:θ] = a nest
bythewnos
bythewnos [bəˡθɛʊnɔs] (nm). Soft-mutated form p >
b. See the radical form pythewnos (= fortnight, two weeks)
byti
byti [ˡbətɪ] butty, buddy, friend, mate (= cyfaill [ˡkəvaɪɬ])
bytiz [ˡbətɪz] (pl) (= cyfeillion [kəˡvəɪɬjɔn])
Also bÿt
[bət] as
a term of address.
NOTE: byti, bÿt
are
recent forms in south-eastern Welsh from English butty, butt.
In the case of ‘byti’, the older expression was partnar [ˡpartnar] or pantnar
[ˡpantnar] (= partner).
Rather than ‘bÿt’
men
were addressed as ạchan of fạchan (= boy).
Also
used as a term of address was ‘brawd’
(without mutation, although the soft-mutated form ‘frawd’ might be expected’)
Byti is not listed in GPC (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru) but in GYA (Geiradur yr
Academi), under “buddy”, there is byti m[asculine noun] (bytis) S: F:
(= South Wales, Familiar / Colloquial)
1/ The word ‘butty’ was used by Forest of Dean
miners in Gloucestershire, in England, just over the Welsh border.
Keith Morgan / BBC Where I Live – Gloucestershire / 'Ow
bist thee awld butty?', the butty zyztem wuz a woy o' payment
in the pit wer the Butty Mon ould poy out a group o' miners workin' under
'im. But the word 'Butty' wuz alzo
uzed az a word ver yer vrend ar mate. (= How are you, old butty / old mate? – the butty
system was
a way of payment in the pit where the Butty Man would pay out a group of
miners working under him.
But the word ‘butty’ was also used as a word for your friend or mate.) http://www.bbc.co.uk/gloucestershire/voices2005/glossary.shtml
2/ (Worcestershire): Upton on Severn Words and
Phrases. Robert Lawson. English Dialect Society. 1884. BUTTY, n.
A mate, or fellow-workman. A butty gang is a gang of men who share equally.
(Et(ymological) Dict(ionary).
bywyd
bywyd
[ˡbəwɪd] (nm) life (= bywyd [ˡbəwɪd])
bywyta [bəˡwəta] (pl) lives (= bywydau [bəˡwədaɪ])
ca
cā
[ka:]. See cɛ̄ [kɛ:]
cacamwci
[kakaˡmʊkɪ] (nm) burdock (Arctium Lappa) (= cyngaf mawr
[ˡkəŋgav ˡmaur])
glyni wth (rwpath) ishta cacamwci
(Adapted from ‘Gobeithio y glŷn yr enw wrthynt fel topyn cacamwci’
Y Darian 25 Rhagfyr 1919)
(delwedd 5669)
câl
cāl [ka:l]. See cɛ̄l [kɛ:l] (= get)
calch
calch
[kalx] (nm) lime, chalk (= calch [kalx])
Also: cialch [kjalx]
calon
càlon
[ˡkalɔn] (nf) heart (= calon [ˡkalɔn])
ī chī'n gweyd càlon y
gwīr you’re quite right (‘you’re saying the heart of the truth’)
gobītho ō gàlon fōd a...
I really hope that he.. (‘hope + from + heart’)
NOTE: à in the spelling because the vowel is short; before ‘l’ we might
expect a half-long vowel, but historically the ‘l’ was a geminate, though
there is no special letter in Welsh to show this (Catalan has l·l, for
example))
cam
cam
[kam] (nm) an injustice, a wong (= cam [kam])
cɛ̄l cam (gan) be wronged by, be done an injustice (by) (‘get
injustice with’)
camol
camol
[ˡkamɔl] (v) praise (= canmol [ˡkanmɔl])
campus
campus
[ˡkampɪs] (adj) excellent (= campus [ˡkampɪs])
camsynad
camsynad
[kamˡsənad] (v) be mistaken, make a mistake (= camsynied
[kamˡsənjɛd]
NOTES: (1) typical of the south is the loss of the consonantal i at
the beginning of a final syllable
(2) In the south-east, a final e > a.
os
nɛ̄g w̄ ī’n camsynad ( = os nad wyf yn camsynied) if I’m not
mistaken
can
can [kan] (nm) flour (= blawd [blaud])
NOTES: Can is the southern word for flour, standard blawd.
It is connected with the adjective cannaid (= white, gleaming
white).
By Merthyrtudful there is a stream name Cannaid, and a
village Abercannaid.
The Latin word ‘candidus’ is related to the Welsh word; it appears in English
derivatives as ‘candid’ (= frank),
‘candidate’ (in Latin, candidatus = someone dressed in a white gown).
Blawd (= flour) is related to blodeuyn /
blodyn (= flower), just as in English “flour” and “flower”
are in fact one and the same word, albeit with different spellings.
In Catalan, ‘the best part of the flour, top-quality flour’ is la
flor de la farina, and in French fleur de farine,
which probably explains how of blawd- (= flower) in Welsh
and flower in English developed this new meaning:
flower > the best part of the powder of milled
grain > the powder of milled grain in general.
In the south-west of Wales fflŵr is used - from
the Middle English pronunciation of ‘flour’ [flu:r]
cân
cân [ka:n] > cɛ̄n [kɛ:n] (= song)
canddo
canddo
[ˡkanðɔ]
(nm) fox (= llwynog
[ˡɬuɪnɔg]; cadno [ˡkadnɔ])
cenddi [ˡkɛnðɪ]
(pl) foxes (= llwynogod
[ɬuɪˡnɔgɔd]; cadnöid [kadˡno·ɪd])
Metathesis
of the southern form cadno > canddo
Also
cynddo [ˡkənðɔ]
In New Inn, Pont-y-pŵl
there is a wood called Coed y Canddo (‘(the) wood (of) the fox’)
(or, locally, it would be Cōd y Canddo / Cōd Canddo).
In Blaenafon there is Twyn
Carn Canddo (= twyn carn y canddo) (‘the) hill (of) (the) cairn
(of) the fox’, fox-cairn hill).
The ‘intermediate definite article’ is often lost in place names.
can
can’ [ˡkanɔð] (numeral, nm) hundred < cant [kant] hundred
Used before a consonant. Sometimes as a quasi-prefix.
canpunt one hundred pounds
cant
cant
[kant] (numeral, nm) hundred (= cant [kant])
cannodd [ˡkanɔð] (pl) hundreds (= cannoedd [ˡkanɔið])
dēg y cant ten per cent
carc
carc [kark] (nm) care, caution
(= gofal [ˡgo·val])
NOTE: From an English word CARC
(= care), from Norman, from Latin CARCÂRE < CARRICÂRE (= load,
take charge of)
carej
carej [ˡkarɛʤ] (nf) carriage (= cerbyd [ˡkɛrbɪd])
cárejiz [ˡkarɛʤɪz] (pl) riage (= cerbydau [kɛrˡbədaɪ])
From English CARREDGE (=
carriage – (1) act of carrying; (2) a vehicle) < French
(delwedd B0415)
(delwedd B0418)
Carffili
Carffīli [karˡfi·lɪ] (nf) name of a town,
spelt as Caerphilly in English (= Caerffili [kaɪrˡfi·lɪ])
Also: Cyrffīli [kərˡfi·lɪ]
carn
carn
[karn] (nf) 1/ cairn 2/ great quantity of, loads of (= carn
[karn])
carna [ˡkarna] (pl) (= carnau [ˡkarnai])
carn ō ddynon a great many
people
carrag
carrag [ˡkarag]
(nf) stone (= carreg [ˡkarɛg])
cerrig
(pl) [ˡkɛrɪg]
stones (= cerrig [ˡkɛrɪg])
cas
cās [ka:s] > cɛ̄s [kɛ:s] (= nasty, bad)
cas
cās [ka:s] > cɛ̄s [kɛ:s] (= he / she / it got)
casag
casag [ˡkasag] (nf) mare (= caseg [ˡkasɛg])
cesyg (pl) [ˡkɛsɪg] mares (= cesyg [ˡkɛsɪg])
castall
castall [ˡkastaɬ]
(nf) castle (= castell [ˡkastɛɬ])
castella (pl) [kaˡstɛɬa]
castles (= cestyll [ˡkɛstɪɬ])
Castall-nedd Neath (“(the) castle (of) (the lordship of) Neath”)- The Norman
demesne lordship of Neath was
carved out of the Welsh commote of Afan
Latin CASTELLUM > Brythonic > Welsh CASTELL (> Gwentian Welsh
CASTALL)
cạtar [ˡka·tar] (nf) chair (= cadair [ˡka·daɪr])
cadeira (pl) [kaˡdɛrɪg] stones (= cerrig [ˡkɛrɪg])
cạtarn [ˡka·tarn] (adj) strong (= cadarn [ˡka·darn])
cāth [ka:θ] > cɛ̄th [kɛ:θ] (= cat)
cạtw [ˡka·tʊ] (v) keep (= cadw [ˡka·dʊ])
cạtw’ch gair keep your word,
do what you have promised to do
(Other forms and spellings: catw, ciatw, gatw, giatw, chatw)
cēfan [ˡke·van] (nm) back (= cefen [ˡke·vɛn])
cefna (pl) [ˡkɛvna] stones (= cerrig [ˡkɛrɪg])
See also cen-
cɛ̄ [kɛ:] (nm) field (= cae [kaɪ)]
cīa [ˡki·a] (pl) fields (= caeau [ˡkəɪaɪ])
Pen-cɛ̄ [pɛnˡkɛ:] older name for Glynebwy / Ebbw Vale (pen y
cae = (place at) (the) end (of) the field))
Y Cēfan [ə ˡke·van] (nm) short form for
place names with ‘cēfan’ as the first element (= Y Cefn [ə ˡke·vɛn])
1/ Cefncoedycymer 2/ Cefncribwr
ar y Cēfan in Cefncoedycymer
(Y Goleuad 16-01-1901)
Y Cēfan-cōch [ə ˡke·van ˡko:x] (nm) place name
(the red back / ridge) (= Y Cefn-coch [ə ˡke·vɛn
ˡko:x])
(delwedd 5954)
Cēfancrīpwr [ˡke·van ˡkri·pʊr] (nm) village name;
this former mining village is about a mile in length along the top of a ridge
(= Cefncribwr [ˡke·vɛn ˡkri·bʊr])
mā
fa’n byw ar Gēfancrīpwr
he lives in Cefncribwr (Tarian y Gweithiwr 10 Medi 1896: byw ar Gefan Cripwr)
Y Cēfan short name for the
village
The name as it stands today suggests that the underlying form is 'cefn y
cribwr' i.e. '(the) hill (of) the woolcomber'.
In place names the 'linking definite article' (y) is often dropped, hence
'cefn cribwr'.
However, earlier forms have 'cribor'(1) which suggests that the second
element is some derivative form of 'crib', meaning 'ridge'.
A popular interpretation of the name in the past was that it was 'Cefn
Cribwr' '(the) ridge (of) Cribwr', Cribwr being the name of a giant. (2)
In the nineteenth-century the name was misspelt with a double 'b' in English
(Cefn Cribbwr), as a single 'b' to English-speakers suggests that the first
syllable should be pronounced as the English word 'cry'.
The correct Welsh spelling for the ridge itself is Cefn Cribwr, and for the
village Cefncribwr. This is a useful spelling convention that has evolved in
modern Welsh and was set out in .... (3)
The Gwentian name (i.e. the name in south-eastern Welsh, or the regional
variety of Welsh spoken in Monmouthshire and Glamorganshire) was Cefan Cripwr
[ke·van kri·pur] (4)
cēffyl [ˡke·fɪl] (nm) horse (= ceffyl [ˡke·fɪl])
ceffyla [kɛˡfəla] (pl) horses (= ceffylau [kɛˡfəlaɪ])
Also: cyffyla [kəˡfəla]
cefnōcath [kɛvˡno·kaθ] (nf) support,
backing (= cefnogaeth [kɛvˡno·gaɪθ])
ceibir [ˡkəɪbɪr] (v) roof beam (= ceibr [ˡkəɪbɪr])
ceibra [ˡkəɪbra] (pl) (= ceibrau [ˡkəɪbraɪ])
The word is seen in the village name Penrwceibir (= Pen-rhiw’r-ceibr / Pen-rhiw-ceibr)
ceiad
[ˡkəɪad] (v) to close, to shut (= cau [kaɪ])
Also cīad [ˡki·ad]
ceisho [ˡkəɪʃɔ] (v) try (= ceisio [ˡkəɪʃɔ,
ˡkəɪsjɔ])
Also cīsho [ˡki·ʃɔ]
cɛ̄l [kɛ:l] (v) get (= cael [kaɪl])
cɛ̄l annwd catch a cold,
get a cold
cemist [ˡkɛmɪst] (nm) chemist (= fferyllydd [fɛˡrəɬɪð], cemist [ˡkɛmɪst])
cemists [ˡkɛmɪsts] (pl) chemists (= fferyllwyr [fɛˡrəɬwɪr], cemist [kɛˡmɪstjaɪd])
cen- [kɛn] (-) a reduction of
cefn (= back, hill) as a first element in certain in place names. See
Cen-don.
(cen- is also the first - but unrelated - element in cefnder = cousin. See cendar.)
cɛ̄n [kɛ:n] (nf) song (= cân [ka:n])
canīon [kaˡni·ɔn] (= caneuon [kaˡnəɪɔn])
Other spellings and forms:
canuon, canion
cendar [ˡkɛndar] (nm) (male)
cousin (= cefnder [ˡkɛvndɛr])
CEFNDER > (loss of [v]) > CENDER (> Gwentian CENDAR)
Cendon [ˡkɛndɔn] (nm) place name (= Cefndon [ˡkɛvndɔn])
(CEFN = ridge) + soft mutation + (TON = greensward, grassland) ‘ridge
greensward, greensward on a ridge’
(delwedd 5951)
cēra [ˡke·ra] (v) go (second person
singular imperative) (= cer [kɛr])
cēra draw i’r shop go down to
the shop, go up to the shop, go out to the shop
cèrad [ˡkɛrad] (v) walk (= cerdded [ˡkɛrðɛd])
NOTE: The basic southern spoken form of cerdded is cèred (loss
of dd) and this is the usual form in south-west Wales. In the south
east, final e > a, hence cèred > cèrad
cɛ̄s [kɛ:s] (adj) nasty, bad (= cas
[ka:s])
mwn llawar cɛ̄s in many
cases
cɛ̄s [kɛ:s] (v) he / she / it got (= caf’
[ˡkavɔð])
(Other spellings: cas, ces, cês, caes, ceâs)
cɛ̄th [kɛ:θ] (nf) cat (= cath [ka:θ])
cạtha [ˡka·θa] (pl) cats (= cathod [ˡka·θɔd])
fel
cɛ̄th Jenni Shâms
ā’i phawen ym mopath ond yr īn sȳdd īsha īddo
fōd be interfering in everything and not attending to one’s own
business (adapted from Y Darian 28 Chwefror
1889)
cetyn [ˡkɛtɪn] (nm) 1/
fragment 2/ short while (= tipyn [ˡtɪpɪn])
ÿs cetyn 1/ a while ago; 2/
for a while
(CAT = fragment) + (-YN diminutive suffix) > *CATYN > CETYN (vowel
affection A > E)
(Other forms and spellings: getyn, cetin, getin, chetyn, chetin)
chà [xa] (v) bring (= dewch â [deux ˡa:])
DEWCH
 > DEWCHA > (loss of the first pretonic syllable in a phrase e.g.
DEWCHA’R BARA... = CHÀ’R BARA)
Noted by T. Arwyn Watkins, The Accent in Cwm Tawe Welsh
chytig [ˡxətɪg] (nm) a little bit;
very few people (= ychydig [əˡxədɪg])
chytig
iawn ōdd ar y cei very
few people were on the quay
YCHYDIG > Gwentian
YCHYTIG > (loss of pre-tonic syllable) CHYTIG
ceisho [ˡkəɪʃɔ] (v) try (= ceisio [ˡkəɪʃɔ,
ˡkəɪsjɔ])
Also cīsho [ˡki·ʃɔ]
cī[ki:] (nm) dog (= ci [ki:])
cw^n
[ku:n]
(= cw^n [ku:n])
Ci Sodlo - An underling. “Mae e'n
folon bod yn gi sodlo i bawb." (He is willing to be un underling to
everybody).
Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions,
Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.
cīlo [ˡki·lɔ] (v) retreat (= cilio [ˡkɪljɔ])
Mà’r
glaw wēti cīlo
the rain’s moved off
cīs [ki:s] (nm) kiss (= cusan [ˡkɪsan])
cisa# [ˡkɪsa] (pl) (= cusanau [ˡkɪsa·naɪ])
From Old English CUSS (= kiss). Standard CUSAN is probably (CUS) + (-AN =
diminutive suffix). Cf German DER KUSS (= kiss), Dutch DE KUS (nm) (= kiss),
Swiss German KÜSSLI / CHÜSSLI.
Ō’r lìli fɛ̄ch rō
gīs ī mī (< o’r lili fach rho gus i mi) (Tarian y
Gweithiwr 06-12-1888)
cisan [ˡkɪsan] (nm) kiss (= cusan [ˡkɪsan])
cisạna# [ˡkɪsa·na] (pl) (= cusanau [ˡkɪsa·naɪ])
rō gisan eto (< rho gusan
eto) (Tarian y Gweithiwr 06-12-1888) give me another kiss (‘give a kiss
again’)
ORIGIN: See cīs
cīsho [ˡki·ʃɔ]. See ceisho
citsho [ˡkɪʧɔ] (v) get hold of (= cydio [ˡkədjɔ])
ī gitshas ī yn y ffon I
got hold of the stick
(Other forms and spellings: citcho, citchas, gitchas, citshas, chitcho,
gitshas, chitchas, chitshas, citchws, gitchws, citshws, gitshws, chitchws,
chitshws, citchon, gitchon, citshon, gitshon, chitchon, chitshon)
cīwaid [ˡki·waɪd] (nf) rabble, mob,
scum, lowlifes (= ciwed [ˡki·wɛd])
Welsh < British < Latin CĪVITĀS (=
citizenship; citizenry, community; Celtic tribe or subkingdom under Roman
rule in Gaul and Britain)
ciwt [kiut] (adj) cunniong (= cyfrwys [ˡkəvruɪs])
mà gwȳr y cwils
mōr giwt â’r gaffars bōb tamad (11-06-1899 Tarian y
Gweithiwr) The lawyers are every bit as cunning as the employers
English CUTE < ACUTE
clādd [kla:ð]. See clɛ̄dd [klɛ:ð]
clạddi [ˡkla·ðɪ] (v) bury (= claddu [ˡkla·ðɪ])
clapo [ˡklapɔ] (v) clap, applaud
(= curo dwylo [ˡki·rɔ ˡduilɔ])
clapo mawr great applause
From English CLAP (CLAP) + (-IO verbal suffix) > CLAPIO > CLAPO
clarc [klark] (nm) clerk (= clerc [klɛrk])
From English CLERK [klark]
clàs [klas] (nm) 1/ class = lesson
2/ class = group of people (= dosbarth [ˡdɔsbarθ])
Wath fe all y beirdds
shiffto heb docins yn well na dim un class arall, wath ma nhw yn byw y rhau
fwya o'u hamsar yn myd yr ysbrydoedd, lle nag yw bara chaws ddim yn y
ffashwn, a ma nhw yn gallu byw yn hen, hen, ar scili Ceridwen; (Tarian y
Gweithiwr. 27 Gorffennaf 1899)
Because the poets can get by / can manage without money better than any other
class [of people], because they live most of their time in the world of
spirits, where bread and cheese is not in fashion, and they can live to be
very old (to be old, old) on Ceridwen’s skilly (= bread and water)
From English CLASS
clasgi [ˡklasgɪ] (v) collect (= casglu [ˡkasglɪ])
Metathesised form of CLASGU.
See kimkat0926e Nodweddion y Wenhwyseg
/ Features of Gwentian.
clatshan [ˡklaʧan] (nf) 1/ blow (= ergyd
[ˡɛrgɪd])
2/ attractive female, stunner (= merch
aruthrol o hardd [ˡmɛrx aˡrɪθrɔl
o: ˡharð])
clatshiz [klaʧɪz] (pl) (= ergydion
[ɛrgədˡjɔn])
From English
dialect CLATCH = a slap. Cf A Scots Dialect Dictionary, Comprising The Words
In Use From The Latter Part Of The Seventeenth Century To The Present Day.
Alexander Warrack, M.A. 1911.Clatch...a slap with the palm of the hand; the
noise of the collision of soft bodies or
of a heavy fall.
clawd [klaud] (adj) poor (= tlawd [tlaud])
Clawd ā balch ā byw mwn gōpath = poor and pround and living in hope
(an answer to the question Shẁd ī chī?
= How are you?)
Cf 1/ the village nickname for Pons-an-woedh (Ponsanooth) in Cornwall: Poor
and Proud.
2/ Said also to refer formerly to the inhabitants of County Laois in Ireland-
‘the poor and pround’.
3/ Also said of the village of Harborne in Staffordshire: Hungry Harborne,
poor and proud.
clean breast [kli:n ˡbrɛst] (-) (Englishism)
neid clean breast ō make a clean breast of (= confess
everything you are guilty of)
clec [klɛk] (nf) 1/ sharp sound,
a cracking noise, a snapping noise (= clec [klɛk]); 2/ tittle-tattle,
gossip, tales, chat (= gwag-siarad [gwa:g ˡʃa·rad]) 3/ gossipmonger
clecs [klɛks] (pl) (= straeon
[ˡstrəɪɔn])
pen y glec [pɛn ə
ˡglɛk]) "top (of) the
chat" – a place (bridge, street corner, etc) where people come together
to chat after work or after a chapel service (Source: GPC)
cario clecs tell tales (‘carry
gossip’)
From English CLACK (= a sharp sound; chatter).
NOTES: The West Somerset Word-Book; A Glossary Of Dialectal And Archaic Words
And Phrases Used In The West Of Somerset And East Devon / Fredericf Thomas
Elworthy / 1886. “Clack = Chatter. [Oa·l dhee tlaa·k, wút] Stop thy chatter,
wilt!”
(= Hold thy clack, wilt [thou]!)
(delwedd 5771)
CLACK. — A woman who is always chattering. A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And
Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English
Dialect Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have
heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’)
clecian [ˡklɛkjan] (v) gossip (= clepian [ˡklɛpjan])
clɛ̄dd [klɛ:ð] (nm) interment,
burial; potato clamp (= cladd [kla:ð])
dan glɛ̄dd (adv) buried
clɛ̄dd pytatws potato
clamp
See also angladd (= burial,
funeral).
Cf a similar concept in English. BURY. n. A storage of roots covered with
earth. Pronounced as berry. (Worcestershire): Upton on Severn Words and
Phrases. Robert Lawson. English Dialect Society. 1884.
(Other forms and spellings: cledd, cladd)
clēfyd [ˡkle·vɪd] (nm) illness,
sickness (= clefyd [ˡkle·vɪd])
clefyta [klɛˡvəta] (pl) (= clefydau [klɛˡvədaɪ])
clēpar [ˡkle·par] (nm) talk, gossip (=
mân-siarad [ˡma:n ˡʃa·rad], clebr [ˡkle·bɛr])
pwnc clēpar a talking point,
a subject of discussion
rẁ glẹpar di-ben-draw constant
gossip (‘some interminable gossip’)
From English GLEBBER (> Welsh CLEBER (> Gwentian CLĒPAR). The word
occurs in modern Scottish Lowlandic. A Dictionary of the Scottish Language.
John Jamieson. 1846. To glabber, glebber. To speak indistinctly 2 To chatter,
to talk idly. Roxb[urghshire], Dumfr[iesshire]. Initial English G > Welsh
C occurs in other loanwords – ‘cwter’ (street gutter), though ‘gwter’ also
occurs.
clist [klɪst] (nm) ear (= clust [klɪst])
clista [ˡklɪsta] (pl) (= clustiau
[ˡklɪstjaɪ])
A feminine noun in North Wales and
in standard Welsh.
cloc [klɔk] (nm) clock (= clec [klɔk])
cloc Tredēcar the Tredegar
clock
English CLOCK
clofersan [klɔˡvɛrsan] (nf) clover, a
clover plant (= meillionen [məɪɬˡjo·nɛn])
clofars [ˡklo·vars] (pl)
clover, clover plants (= meillion [ˡməɪɬjɔn])
bōd yn ÿch clōfars be in clover = be in
comfort or luxury (‘be in your clovers’)
From English CLOVERS (+ singlative suffix -EN) clofersen > clofersan
clōs [klos] (adj) close, near
(= agos [ˡa·gɔs])
yn glōs īdd-i gīddyl
close to each other
clowt [klout] (nm) clout, blow,
smack (= ergyd [ˡɛrgɪd])
clowts [klouts] (pl) (= ergydion [ˡɛrgətdjɔn])
roi cw̄pwl ō glowts
ī... give a couple of clouts to...
clw̄ad [ˡklu·ad] (v) hear (= clywed [ˡkləwɛd])
chlwas i ddim am.. I heard nothing
about.. I didn’t hear about.
clwtyn [ˡklʊtɪn]
(nm) cloth (= cadach [ˡka·dax], clwtyn [ˡklʊtɪn])
clwta# [ˡklʊta]
(pl) (= cadachau [kaˡdaxa], clytiau [ˡklətjaɪ])
clwtyn parth dishcloth
Clytach [ˡklətax] (nf) village name,
Rhondda (= Clydach [ˡklədax])
Also Clitach [ˡklɪtax]
cnai [knaɪ] (v) to clean (= glanháu [glanˡhaɪ])
Also clai. Cf North Wales llnau, nhau.
Tsharli Cnai Lavz (nickname) Charlie (of the) cleaning of toilets,
Charlie who cleans toilets
‘Charlie C’nau Lavs’
Llysenwau Pontardawe a'r Cylch (= nicknames of Pontardawe and the
neighbouring area)
http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cwmgors/Llysenwauponty.html
ORIGIN: Variant of GLANHÁU (= to
clean).
cnel [knɛl] (nm) canal (= camlas [ˡkamlas])
A reduction of Welsh CANÉL, from Middle
English CANÉL (= channel), from a French form with initial c- CANÉL
(Francien, the dialect which is the basis of standard French, has initial ch-
where other dialects have initial c-; thus from Francien CHANNÉL); ultimately
from Latin CANÂLIS (= pipe, groove).
ar bont y cnel on the canal bridge
cnoian [ˡknɔɪan] (nf) nut, hazel nut;
(= cneuan [ˡknəɪan])
cnoi
[knɔɪ] (pl)
nuts, hazel nuts; (= cnau [knaɪ])
cnithdar [ˡknɪθdar] (nf) (female)
cousin (= cyfnither [kəvˡni·θɛr])
(the ‘d’ is intrusive = cnithar
influenced by the final syllable of cendar
(male cousin))
Twm Gŵr i Gnithdar (=
nickname for a man who married his cousin) (Tarian y Gweithiwr 23-06-1876:
Twm Gwr ei Gnithder, Y Graigarw, Ystalyfera)
CYFNITHER > (loss of [v]) CY’NITHER > C’NITHER > CNITHDAR (intrusive
[d]) > (Gwentian CNITHDAR)
cnoi [knɔɪ] (pl) nuts, hazel
nuts; (= cnau [knaɪ]) See cneian
cōd [ko:d] (nm) wood (group of trees). woodland (= coed [kɔɪd])
coidydd [ˡkɔɪdɪð]
(pl) woods (= coedydd [ˡkɔɪdɪð])
yn y cōd in the wood
Common in place names in the south – Pen-coed > Pen-cōd, a village by
Pen-y-bont ar Ōgwr
In the south, oe [ôi] in a monosyllable becomes a long
vowel ō [o:].
Cōd-y-lai [ko:d ə ˡlaɪ] (nm) farm name; Englished as
Coedely (= Coedelái [kɔɪdɛˡlaɪ])
(at Coed-y-Lai farm... Cadrawd, Cardiff Times, 22-08-1908).
cofio [ˡkɔvjɔ] (v) remember (= cofio [ˡkɔvjɔ])
cofia dī (imperative) remember, you must
remember (= cofia di)
mī gofia ī am ÿch promis
chī I’ll remember your promise
coi [kɔɪ] (adj) enclosed (in
place names) (= cau [kaɪ])
Dôl-goi [do:l ˡgɔɪ]) (in the Tywi valley,
Bethlehem, Sir Gaerfyrddin / Carmarthenshire) (= enclosed water meadow)
Ynys-goi [ˡənɪs ˡgɔɪ]
(Rhondda) (= enclosed water meadow)
(= Ynys-gau
[ˡənɪs ˡgaɪ])
coica [ˡkɔɪka]
(nm) hilltop sheepwalk (= coetgae [ˡkɔɪtgaɪ]; spelt erroneously
in place names as coedcae). See Y Coica, Pencoica.
Also cotga [ˡkɔtga]
Welsh COETGAE = field < land enclosed with wood or bushes < enclosure
made with wood or bushes
Y Coica [ə ˡkɔɪka]
(nm) (= Y Coetgae [ə ˡkɔɪtgaɪ]. Names of various places.
Wrongly spelt on maps as Coedcae, or even as Coed Cae; in the example below,
the local pronunciation (coica) is reproduced in the English spelling of the
name (coyca))
(delwedd 5704)
1/ Danycoica (standard Welsh
Danycoetgae; spelt erroneously locally as Dan y Coedcae) name of a road in
Pont-y-pridd (= dan y
coetgae; (farm) below the upland grazing)
2/ ‘Coedcae’ street name in Tir-phil, Tedegar Newydd / New Tredegar. i.e. Y Coica (Gwentian) / Y Coetgae (correct standard Welsh
spelling)
‘Coedcae Court’, a street in Twynyrodyn, Merthyrtudful, is mentioned thus in
‘The Commercial Gazette’ for June 22, 1876: Williams William, 18 Coika-court, Twynyrodyn... The street name
seems to represent an original Coica-cwrt,
Coica’r-cwrt (the upland of Y Cwrt).
coino [ˡkɔɪnɔ] (v) to coin (= bathu [ˡba·θɪ])
coino arian (‘coin money’) to make
a mint, to make a lot of money, to coin it
collad [ˡkɔɬad] (nf) 1/ loss (= colled [ˡkɔɬɛd]) 2/ madness,
insanity (= gwallgofrwydd [gwaɬˡgɔvrʊið])
wyrthin fel sa collad arno laugh
as though he was mad (‘as if there was a madness on him’)
’ạla collad ar
infuriate(‘send madness on’)
consyltashwn [kɔnsəlˡtaʃʊn] (nm) consultation
(= ymgynghoriad [əmgəŋˡhɔrjad])
consyltashwnz [kɔnsəlˡtaʃʊnz] (pl) (= ymgynghoriadau [əmgəŋhɔrˡja·daɪ])
copa [ˡkɔpa] (nf) 1/ top 2/ head
(= pen [pɛn])
pōb copa walltog a diwallt
everybody (= every head with hair and without hair)
copor [ˡkɔpɔr]
(nm) copper (= copr [ˡkɔpɔr])
gwaith copor copper works
From English COPPER
copri [ˡkɔprɪ]
(v) become cloudy, get cloudy,
become overcast, get overcast, become dull, get dull (= cymylu [kəˡməlɪ])
(COPOR = copper) + (-I verbal suffix)
Cf A tawny or coppery sky foretells wind. (Manual Of Navigation / Robert
Assheton Napier, Lieut. R.N.R. / 1877.)
cōrad [ˡko·rad] (nf) weir (= cored [ˡko·rɛd])
Y Gōrad-ddi* Blackweir,
Caer-dydd / Cardiff
cornal [ˡkɔrnal] (nm) corner (= cornel [ˡkɔrnɛl])
cornēli [kɔrˡne·lɪ] (pl) (= corneli [kɔrˡne·lɪ])
ym mōb tw̄ll ā chornal
in every nook and cranny, everywhere (‘in every hole and corner’)
cornwd [ˡkɔrnʊd] (nm) boil (= cornwyd [ˡkɔrnʊɪd])
cornwdydd? = cornwydydd [kɔrˡnʊɪdɪð]
corryn [ˡkɔrɪn] (nm) spider (= pryf cop [ˡpri:v ˡkɔp])
we·ti llynci corryn be pregnant
(‘[be] after swallowing (a) spider’)
cōs [ko:s] (nm) leg (= coes [kɔɪs])
coisa [ˡkɔɪsa]
legs (= coesau [ˡkɔɪsaɪ])
cosach [ˡkɔsax] (v) scratch (= crafu [ˡkra·vɪ])
Cosach - To scratch. Gosach i
giddyl - Said of two persons who flatter each other. Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref
/ October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan.
Cadrawd.
cot [kɔt] (nf) coat (= côt [ko:t])
cota [ˡkɔta] (pl) (= cotiau [ˡkɔtjaɪ])
cot gwt fain tail coat
cownsil [ˡkɔunsɪl]
(nm) council = local authority (= cyngor [ˡkəŋɔr])
A Cymricisation of the English word ‘council’.
cownt [kɔunt] (nm) 1/ count (= rhifiad [ˡhri·vjad]) 2/ account, report
(= adroddiad [aˡdrɔðjad])
āc yn ōl pōb cownt ī nī wēdi gɛ*l according to all accounts we’ve had
English COUNT
cownto [ˡkɔuntɔ]
(v) count (= rhifo [ˡhri·vɔ])
English COUNT > (Welsh COWNT) + (-IO verbal suffix) > COWNTIO >
COWNTO
crạcan [ˡkra·gan] (nf) shell (= cragen [ˡkra·gɛn])
crēcyn [ˡkre·kɪn] (pl) (= cregyn [ˡkre·gɪn])
crạcan gocs, crēcyn cocs
cockle shell
cramp [kramp] (nm) grip, hold,
clutch (= gafael [ˡga·vaɪl])
cɛ̄l cramp ar get hold
of
English CRAMP = cramp iron, clamp, < Middle Low German or Middle Dutch. Cf
German DIE KRAMPE = 1/ cramp iron (strip of metal with both ends bent at a
right angle); clamp 2/ staple
cratsh [kraʧ] (nm) manger crib (with
f’er for cattle) (GPC: cratsh in Glamorgan, south-western cretsh) (= rhesel [ˡhrɛsɛl])
cratshyz [ˡkraʧɪz] (pl) (= rheseli [hrɛˡse·lɪ])
From English CRATCH = fodder rack
NOTE: (Herefordshire dialect)
Cratch: farm rack or manger for hay
Hereford Times / 12
December 2015 / http://www.herefordtimes.com/news/14140019.55_long_lost_Herefordshire_sayings_and_words/
Cratch: a rack for hay in a stable. A Glossary Of Provincial Words Used In
Herefordshire And Some Of The Adjoining Counties. Sir George Cornewall Lewis.
1839.
crefyddol [krɛˡvəðɔl] (adj) religious (= crefyddol [krɛˡvəðɔl])
Also cryfyddol [krəˡvəðɔl]. See note 4.
crēcyn [ˡkre·kɪn] shells. See crạcan
crēti [ˡkre·tɪ] (v) believe (= credu [ˡkre·dɪ] = dirty)
dw̄ ī ddim
yn crēti fōd... I don’t believe
that...
òs nāg y*ch chī’n y nghrẹtu ī
gofynnwch chī ī Mōcyn if you don’t believe me ask Mocyn
Also cēti [ˡke·tɪ]
crōci [ˡkro·kɪ] (v) hang (= crogi [ˡkro·gɪ])
mà īsha grōci fa he ought to be hanged, he deserves to be hanged (= y mae eisiau ei
grogi ef)
paso sentans ar ddȳn ī gɛ̄l ī grōci sentence a man to be hanged
crōs [kro:s] (nf) 1/ cross (= croes [kroɪs]) 2/ crossroads (= croesffordd [ˡkroɪsfɔrð])
In Treforys the
village crossroads is Y Crôs, i.e. a masculine noun and so without soft
mutation
cròs [krɔs] (nf) crossroads (= croes [kroɪs])
(delwedd 5971)
2 Medi 1915. Y Darian. Trebannos a'r Cylch.
Mr. Gol., - Dyma fi yn trio fy Ilaw yr wthnos hyn eto, a chan fod Nansen yn
newid aer, fe fentres inê speciwleto cinog a dime am ride fach yn y moto bus
mor bell a Phontardawe. Odd yr hewl dipyn bach yn arw, a'r moto dipyn yn
shigledig, nes odd yr hen eilode ma yn teimlo ychydig am fod y rhiwmatic yn
eu blino. Wel cyrheiddwd y Cross yn saff, ac yn y fan hynny odd y bobis yn fishi
iawn gyta ei keep movin oherwydd fod rhyw Em Pee ne Je Pee ne rwbeth weti
achwin wth y Polis fod gormod y sefill ar y Cros. Pob parch i'r rhai hynny;
buont mor hyf a gofin i ble oent i 'w danfon am odd opn spês na pharc ym
Mhontardawe, ond yr ateb odd send them where you like but don't keep them in
the Cross.
2 September 1915. Y Darian (= the shield). Trebannos and Area.
Mr. Editor, Here I am trying my hand again this week again, and since Nansen
(Ann) is having a change of air, I ventured to invest (‘speculate’) a penny
halfpenny on a little ride on the motor bus as far off as Pontardawe. The
road was a bit rough, and the bus was a bit shaky, until my old limbs begain
to ache a bit because my rheumaism was affecting them. Wel, the Cròs was
safely reached, and there the bobbies were very busy with their ‘keep moving’
because some MP or JP or something had complained that tow many people were
standing at the Cròs. Every respect to them – they were daring enough to ask
where they were to send them since there wasn’t an open space or park in
Pontardawe, but the answer was to send them where you like but don’t keep
them in the Cross.
Crōs-pen-mɛ̄n [ˡkro:s pɛn ˡmɛ:n] (nf) name of
village near Y Crymlyn / Crumlin (= Croes-pen-maen [ˡkroɪs pɛn ˡmain])
Archifau Gwent: D298/23/1 Copy Court Roll Manor of Abercarn Surrender and
Admittance 1.... the highway leading from Cross Penmayne towards Aberbeeg...
17 Jun 1783. (The English spelling Penmayne shows the Gwentian pronunciation)
(Other spellings: Croespenmaen, Croespenmain, Cross Penmain, Croos Pen Main)
(delwdd 5948)
crotan [ˡkrɔtan] (nf) lass, girl (= merch [ˡmɛrx])
crotesi [krɔˡtɛsɪ] (pl) (= merched [ˡmɛrxɛd])
(CROT = child) + (-EN feminine
diminutive suffix) > CROTEN (> Gwentian CROTAN).
crots [krɔts] (pl) lads. See crotyn
crotyn [ˡkrɔtɪn] (nm) lad, boy (= bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn] (nm))
crots [krɔts] (pl) (= bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɪn])
pan ōn ī’n grotyn when I was a lad
CROT < CRWT < English dialect
CRUT (occurs nowadays in the north of England and southern Scotland) =
smallest pig in a litter, youngest bird in a brood, puny child.
(CROT) + (-YN diminutive suffix) > CROTYN.
crwt [krʊt] (nm) lad, boy (= bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn] (nm))
crwts [krɔts] (pl) (= bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɛn])
English dialect CRUT (occurs
nowadays in the north of England and southern Scotland) = smallest pig in a
litter, youngest bird in a brood, puny child.
.....
(delwedd 5896)
CRUT, a dwarf, or anything curbed
in its growth.
.....
(delwedd 5897)
CROOT, sb. [substantive] Sc. [Scotland] Also in form krute Rxb.
[Roxburghshire]; crute (Jam.). [Jamieson 1808-1825] A puny, feeble child; the
youngest bird of a brood; the smallest pig of a litter. See Crut, sb.1
[substantive 1]. The English dialect dictionary, being the complete
vocabulary of all dialect words still in use, or known to have been in use
during the last two hundred years. Volume 6. Supplement, A-Y. Joseph Wright.
1905.
.....
(delwedd 5898)
CRUT, sb.1 [substantive 1] Sc. [Socotland]. Pem. [Pembrokeshire]. Also in
form crot. 1 A short person. Ayr. [Ayrshire] WALLACE Schoolmaster (1899) 346.
2. A lad, not necessarily stunted. Pem. [Pembrokeshire]. (J.S.O.T.)
The English dialect dictionary, being the complete vocabulary of all dialect
words still in use, or known to have been in use during the last two hundred
years. Volume 1. A-C. 1898.
Joseph Wright. 1905.
.....
cryndod [ˡkrəndɔd] (nm) shaking,
quiver, quivering (= cryndod [ˡkrəndɔd])
gita cryndod yn ī laish in a shaky voice
cūddo [ˡki·ðɔ] (v) hide (= cuddio [ˡkɪðjɔ])
cwáliti [ˡkwalɪtɪ] (nm) quality (= ansawdd [ˡansauð])
cwato [ˡkwatɔ] (v) hide (= cuddio [ˡkɪðjɔ])
Cf
1/ Quat The shape made in the grass where a hare has rested (i.e. in standard
English, a ‘form’)
Dialect Words from North Somerset 2015 Vince Russett
http://www.ycccart.co.uk/index_htm_files/Dialect%20words%20in%20reports-2.pdf
2/ QUAT. — Used sometimes instead of “squat." A Glossary Of Berkshire
Words And Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For
The English Dialect Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now
submitted I have heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’)
These are pronounced [kwot] in modern English, but would earlier have been
[kwat], which was the pronunciation when the word was taken into Welsh.
cw̄b [ku:b] (nm) coop (for
hens, pigeons) (= cwt [kʊt] (nm))
From English COOB [ku:b].
Cf. 1/ COOB.—
Coop. A hen-coop is a “hen-coob.” A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases.
Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialect
Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard
spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’)
2/
Also in USA. ...a poultry "coob". (coop).
(Frontier Feud: 1819-20: How Two Officers Quarreled All the Way to the Site
of Fort Snelling / Helen McCann White / Vol. 42, No. 3, Fall, 1970. pp.
99-114. Minnesota Historical Society Press.)
3/ Ireland (Luimneach / Limerick). Tales of My
Neighbourhood, Volume 1. 1835.
Gerald Griffin. ...and
some chickens that were in a coob
at the other end o’ the place.
4/ Irish cúb (= hen coop) < English coob.
5/ COOB. A hen-coop. Wilts. (= Wiltshire). A Dictionary of Archaic and
Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs and Ancient Customs from the
Fourteenth Century. Volume 1. 1846. James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps.
6/ Dictionary of the Welsh Language: Explained in English. William Owen
Pughe. 1832. Cwb ieir, a hen pen; cwb ci, a dog kennel, or cote; cwb
colomenod, a dove cote.
cwar [kwar] (nm) quarry (= chwarel [ˡxwa·rɛl])
cwarra [ˡwara] (= chwareli [xwaˡre·lɪ])
Clōs y Cwarra modern street
name in Sain Ffagan / Saint Fagans, Caer-dydd / Cardiff (= Y Cwarra Close, or
close of the quarries)
(delwedd 5963)
Y Cwarra Mawr place in Caerffili
(apparently ‘greater Cwarra’, referring to a farm called Y Cwarra = the
quarries)
(delwedd B0421)
cwcw [ˡkʊkʊ]
(nf) cuckoo (= cog [co:g])
cwcŵod# [kʊˡkuɔd]
(= cog [ˡko·gaɪ])
cwiddyl [ˡkwi·ðɪl] (nm) shame (= cywilydd [ˡkəwi·lɪð])
rhāg cwīddyl ī tī! shame on you! for shame! you ought to
be ashamed of yourself!
CYWILYDD > C’WILYDD >
(metathesis L-DD > DD-L) CWIDDYL
cwlffyn [ˡxətɪg] (nm) a little bit;
very few people (= ychydig [əˡxədɪg])
cwlffyn o fara chaws Carffili a
lump of bread and Caerffili cheese
cwm [kʊm] (nm) valley (= cwm [kʊm])
cymydd [ˡkəmɪð] (pl) (= cymydd [ˡkəmɔɪð]
yn y cwm ma in this valley
yn yn cymydd nī in our
valleys
cwmp [kʊmp] (nm) rockfall, fall
of rock in a mine or quarry (= cwymp [kuɪmp])
dāth cwmp arno a rock fell on him, the roof fell on him (‘a rockfall
came on him’)
dōd ī ddiwadd o dan gwmp (= dod i’w
diwedd) die in a rockfall (‘come to his end
under a fall’)
cwmpo [ˡkʊmpɔ] (v) fall (= cwympo [ˡkuɪmpɔ]; syrthio [ˡsərθjɔ])
Note 100: www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_geiriaduron/geiriadur-gwenhwyseg-nodiadau_100_wy-cwympo-cwmpo_0195e.htm
cwmws [ˡkʊmʊs] 1/ (adj) exact,
straight (= cymwys [ˡkəruɪs] = appropriate,
suitable; exact; straight) 2/ (adv) yn
gwmws a) exactly b) directly, straight
felna’n gwmws exactly like that
yn gwmws =
exactly;
mōr gwmws â’r sɛ̄th (mor gymwys â’r saeth) as
straight as an arrow.
fē ētho'n gwmws ī'r gynhatladd I went directly to the conference (Y Darian, 5
Mehefin 1919)
NOTES: Final -wy is usually reduced to w in
Southern Welsh (Afon Ebwy > Afon Ebw).
This w has influenced the y in the first syllable. thus
cymws > cwmws.
Compare similar examples in standard Welsh, where cwmwl = cloud, but
historically was cymwl, and cwmwd (a commote or administrative division) <
cymwd.
cwnnad [ˡkʊnad] (nm) 1/
increase 2/ rise (= codiad [ˡko·djad])
mynd ī gwnnad (land) slope upwards
In standard Welsh, this would be cychwyniad
[kəˡxuinjad],
though its meaning is different: ‘beginning’
(Other forms and spellings: gwnnad,
chwnnad, cwnad, gwnad, chwnad)
cwnni [ˡkʊnɪ] (v); 1/ (vi) to get up, to rise,
2/ (vt) to raise, to pick up: 3/ to charge (a price) (= codi [ˡko·dɪ])
In standard Welsh, this would be cychwynnu
[kəˡxuinɪ]
but this form is not in use;
another form of the word is in everday usage however, cychwyn,
which has the meaning of ‘to begin’.
Sometimes in dialect
writings it is spelt with an unetymological single n (cwni).
cwnn lan! get up! (= out of bed)
cwnnwch lan! get up! (= out of
bed)
gwnnws īn ī līfir lan
one of them picked up his book
(Other forms and spellings: cwnnu,
gwnnu, chwnnu, cwnu, cwni, gwnu, gwni, chwnu, chwni, cwnnwch, cwncwch, cwn)
cwpla [ˡkʊpla] (v) to finish (= cwblháu [kʊblˡhaɪ])
NOTE: This is not the typical devoicing of this dialect (an initial b in the
final becomes p) - but rather the effect of the initial h- in the suffix for
forming verbs -hau (cwbl-háu > cwpl-áu).
In some words this stressed -au has been replaced by unstressed -a, and the
stress has gone back onto the verb -
cwbl > cwbl-hau > cwpl-áu > cwpla
cof > cof-háu > coff-áu > coffa
cwpwl [ˡkʊpʊl] (nm)
couple (= pâr [pa:r], cwpl [ˡkʊpʊl])
am gwpwl ō fish’
for a couple of months
From English COUPLE
(Other spellings: cwpl)
cwpwrt [ˡkʊpʊrt] (nm) cupboard (= cwpwrdd [ˡkʊpʊrð])
cwpwrta [kʊˡpʊrta] (pl) (= cypyrddau [kəˡpərðaɪ])
cw̄rw [ˡku·rʊ]
(nm) beer (= cwrw [ˡku·rʊ])
(Other spellings: cwrw)
cwrdd [kʊrð] (nm) 1/ meeting, gathering;
2/ religious service of Nonconformists (= cwrdd [kʊrð])
cwrdda [ˡkʊrða]
(pl) services (= cyrddau [ˡkərðaɪ])
tŷ cwrdd chapel, meeting
house (‘house (of) meeting’)
cwrs [kʊrs] (nm) course (= cwrs [kʊrs])
From English COURSE in its former
pronunciation [kurs], nowadays [ko:s];
cwrso [ˡkʊrsɔ] (v) chase
(= ymlid [ˡəmlɪd];
erlid [ˡɛrlɪd])
cwrso dēfid chase sheep
From English COURSE in its former
pronunciation [kurs], nowadays [ko:s]; (CWRS) + (verbal suffix -IO) >
CWRSIO > CWRSO
(delwedd 0419)
cwt [kʊt] (nf) 1/ tail ( = ciw [kiu]); 2/ queue (= cynffon [ˡkənfɔn])
cwt y gɛ̄th = the cat’s tail,
(the) tail (of) the cat;
cwt y cī = the dog’s tail, (the) tail (of) the dog;
ạros yn y gwt = to wait in the queue
cwtsh [kʊtʃ] (nm)
1/ cuddle, hug, embrace 2/ dog’s kennel; also as a command to a dog to go to
its kennel 3/ rabbit hutch, ‘rabbit’s cwtsh’ 4/ cwtsh glo coal store, ‘coal cutch’ 5/ cwtch dan stɛ̄r
space under the stairs, small cupboard under the stairs (= cwtsh dan y stàr, ‘store
under the staircase’)
ORIGIN: Welsh CWTSH < English dialect COOCH < French COUCH(ER),
preserving the [ʧ]
value of CH in older French, now [ʃ]
NOTE:
(Herefordshire dialect) Cooch: crouch down. Hereford Times / 12
December 2015 / www. herefordtimes.com/news/14140019.55_long_lost_Herefordshire_sayings_and_words/
(delwedd B0422)
THE
ABERDARE TIMES. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1857. CHARGE OF STEALING A FERRET. —
William Evans was charged with stealing a ferret, the property of William
Henry Bird, Mountain Ash. Prosecutor said he bad a white ferret, which he
kept locked up it the coal-cutch in the back. Saw it safe about 5 o' clock on
Sunday last, and about 8.30 he went to show it to a mun and it was gone, the
cutch door being open and the staple taken out. The value of the ferret,
which he produced, was 5s. and it was his property. Defendaut asserted that
the ferret was his, and that he had purchased it from T. Harris, Sunderland,
last spring. Prosecutor: I am certain of the ferret. 1 know it by a mark
where a rat bit it on the head. Defendant: Rats very frequently bite ferrets
on the head. P.C. Perkins gave evidence as to finding the ferret in a closet
at the back of defendant house. On being charged with stealing it defendant
said, “I did not break open the door or take the forret. It is my ferret. I
have had it about two months." Defendant denied that he said anything
about two months. He pleaded not guilty, and called as a witness William
Rees, collier, 28, High Street, Mountain Ash, who stated that he had seen a
white ferret in defendant's possession three or four months ago, but he had
not seen it since. Defendant was committed for trial, but admitted to bail,
himself in £10 and one surety in a similar amount.
(delwedd B0420)
Y Cwtsh [ə ˡkʊtʃ] (nm) 1/ Name of a pit
at Wattstown 2/ Wattstown (= Tre-watt [trɛˡwat])
(Tre-watt is a translation, which was never in colloquial use, of the English
name.)
(delwedd 5965)
Y
Darian.13 Ionawr 1910. Well done, Wattstown. Y mae gweithwyr glofa Wattstown
a thrigolion y lle wedi rhoddi ‘motor car' at wasanaeth Mr Edgar Jones, M.A.,
am dair wythnos, er mwyn iddo wneud y goreu o'i frwydr etholiadol yn
Mwrdeisdrefi Merthyr ac Aberdar. Pa beth bynag fydd y draul, y maent hwy yn
myned yn gyfrifol am dani. Bu Mr Edgar Jones o help mawr iddynt hwy yn nglyn
a chael Institute newydd i'r lle, heblaw llu o gymwynasau ereill. Datganodd
ddymuniadau y glowyr, eiriolodd drostynt, ac ymladdodd eu brwydrau y pryd
hwnw mor ganmoladwy, fel y maent hwythau yn awr am ei gofio yntau. Son am anrhydedd
i broffwyd yn ei wlad ei hun, dyna engraifft odidog o hono. Ac y mae golwg
urddasol ar Edgar bach yn ‘motor car’ boys y Cwtch. Well done, yn wir!
Y Darian
(The Shield). 13 January 1910. Well done, Wattstown. The workers at the
Wattstown coalmine and the inhabitants of the place have placed (‘given’) a
motor car at the service of Mr Edgar Jones, M.A., for three weeks, so that he
can make the best of his election fight in the boroughs of Merthyr and
Aber-dâ / Aberdare. Whatever the cost will be, they are taking responsibility
for it (‘going reponsible for it’). Mr Edgar Jones was of great help to them
in getting a new (Miners’) Institute newydd for the village, besides very
many other kindly acts / good deeds. He expressed the wishes of the miners, he
interceded for them, and he carried out their struggle at the time in a
praiseworthy manner, and so they no wish to remember him. Talk about honour
for a prophet in his own land, this is a splendid example of it. Son am
anrhydedd i broffwyd yn ei wlad ei hun, dyna engraifft odidog o hono. And
Edgar is a noble sight in the motor car of the boys of Y Cwtch. Well done,
indeed!
(delwedd B0417)
Tarian y
Gweithwr. 9 Medi 1909. Ar Ymweliad. Y dydd o'r blaen, aethum i fyny y
Rhondda, ac wedi cyrhaedd y Porth, yr oedd yn rhaid cyfeirio ar y dde i gwm
Rhondda fach. Yn wir, syr, mae yn rhaid cyfaddef, mae pethau yn gwella. Dyna
handi mae y cars yma yn mynd a chi i'r ‘very spot' y byddwch am fyned. Wedi
mynd i'r car yn y Porth ffwrdd yr aethom ac yn mhen ychydig yr oeddym yn
Wattstown. Pe gofynech i mi am Gymreigeiddio y gair neu’r enw yma — dywedwn
fel hyn — Tre watt. Gwyddwn pa le oedd galw wedi cyrhaedd yr orsaf, yn
herwydd y Cyfaill yn gyfarwydd a'r frawdoliaeth yn Calfaria.
Tarian y
Gweithwr (The Workman’s Shield). 9 September 1909. On a visit. The other day
I went up the Rhondda and having reache Y Porth I had to go to the right to
Cwm Rondda Fach (the valley of the Lesser Rhondda river). Indded, sir, I must
confess that things are improving. How handy the tramcars are taking you to
the very spot you want to go to. Having got on the tram in Y Porth ffwrdd off
we went and in no time at all we were in Wattstown. If you were to ask me how
to put tjhis word or name into Welsh I would say [it] like this - Tre watt. I
knew what place to call by at having reached the station because The Friend
(= the name of the author of this pice, Cyfaill John, Friend John) was
familiar with the brotherhood in Calfaria.
cwtsho [kʊtʃ] (v) 1/ (vt) cuddle,
hug, embrace, give a cuddle / hug / embrace to 2/ (vt) hide 3/ (vi) get
comfortable
In South-east-Wales English as
CUTCH (or in pseudo-Welsh spelling as CWTCH).
cw̄tyn [ˡkʊtɪn] (nm) cupboard (= cwpwrdd [ˡkʊpʊrð])
cw̄tyn y saint 1/ ‘s-and-ends
bag (An expression, among certain
others, that has surived from pre-Reformation Catholic Wales)
2/ fel cw̄tyn y saint like the friar's
purse (thus translated in Diarhebion Cymraeg / J. J. Evans / 1965) . All
mixed up, in disorder, a complete mess; literally ‘like a reliquary bag’
Literally ‘(the) bag (of) the saints’, i.e. a reliquary [ˈrɛlɪkwərɪ] bag / reliquary pouch
/ reliquary purse. Such bags were used in medieval times to keep supposed
relics of saints, usually pieces of bone or cloth. They were either in the
possession of individuals or of churches, in which case they were stored in
small altars or in specially crafted wooden or stone reliquaries.
Cf Robert Morton Nance: Old Cornwall Journal, No.5 (April 1927).
When not in use in the field, the crowdy-crawn (from croder croghen in the
Cornish language = skin sieve) was used to store ‘s and ends in homes:
"In old country house-keeping in West Cornwall, ‘ things, all worth
saving, but for which no special place on the wall, shelf, chimney board, or
dresser was provided, were tidied away into the "crowdy-crawn"; a
sieve-rind with a bottom of stretched sheep-skin, serving on occasion also as
a tambourine for dancers, but originally meant as a corn-measure."
The Talk Tidy website (‘the online home of Wenglish’) http://talktidy.com/c.html includes it as an
expression used in South-eastern Wales English ‘”Look at the state of
this place - it's like cwtyn y saint!"’.
From (CWD = bag) + (-YN dimiutive suffix). CWD is most likely a borrowing
from an English word *CUD, a parallel form of COD (= (dialect) pod, husk; (obsolete)
bag; scrotum)) such as BWRDD (= table) from *BURD (a varianrt of BOARD),
FWRDD (= road, in the expression I FWRDD = away) < *FURD (a variant form
of FORD)
cyfarfod [kəˡvarvɔd] (nm) meeting (= cyfarfod [kəˡvarvɔd])
cyfarfōtydd [kəvarvo·tɪð]) (= cyfarfodydd [kəvarvo·dɪð])
Cyfartha [kəˡvarθa] (nf) place name (= Cyfarthfa [kəˡvarθva])
Also Cyfarthfa
(delwedd 5775)
CYFARTHA, a chapelry in
Merthyr-TydviI parish, Glamorgan; on the N verge of the county, 1 mile N of
Merthyr-Tydvil town and r. station. It was constituted in 1846. ... Great
iron-works here were begun, about 1765, by Mr. Anthony Bacon... Imperial
Gazetteer of England and Wales / John Marius Wilson / (1870-72)
In the novel ‘How Green was my Valley’ ‘Cyfartha’
is the name of a croney of boxer Dai Bando
(delwedd 5776)
Also: Y Gyfartha
Etto, y Parch. J. Howells, Incumbent Eglwys y Gyfartha, dydd Sadwrn, Awst 29, tarawyd ef mewn llewyg tra yn carfio
i wledd cymdeithas ddyngarol ag oedd wedi bod yn pregethu iddi. Bu yn y llewyg hyd ddeg o'r gloch nos
Sabbath, pan y bu farw. Y Dydd / 11 Medi 1868
= Similarly, the Reverend J Howells, incumbent of the church in Y Gyfartha,
on Saturday August 29th [1868] collapssed unconscious / fell into a faint
(‘was struck in a faint’) whilst carving [the meat] for the banquet of a
benevolent society that he had been preaching to. He reamined unsconscious
(‘in the faint’) until ten o’ clock on Sunday night, when he died.
...bydd atdyniad pobloedd i'r lle er clywed seindorf bres y Gyfartha. yn nghyd a'r
professionals o Lundain...
= There will be an attraction of groups of people to the place to hear the
Cyfarthfa brass band as well as professionals from London... Seren Cymru / 18
Awst 1871
Mae y fasnach lo yma lawer yn well nag y mae wedi bod, a'r Gyfartha yr un m’ yn y glo. Llawer o'r black pearl yn cael ei gludo yn wythnosol tua thref y mwg -
prifddinas Ymerodraeth Prydain. Wrth ragolygon yr orwel fasnachol, yr ydym yn
credu y bydd y gauaf dyfodol yn well i'r meistr a'r gweithiwr. Nid oes, hyd
yn hyn, yr un cychwyniad gwirioneddol yn Ngweithfeydd Haiarn y Gyfartha. Y Gwladgarwr / 20 Medi 1878
= The market for coal here is a lot better than it has been, and Y Gyfartha
similarly for coal [extraction]. Much of the ‘black pearl’ is being
transpòrted each week to the town of the smoke - the capital of the British
Empire [= London]. As for business forecasts (‘according to the forecasts of
the trading horizon’), we believe that the coming winter will be better for
the employers (‘for the master’) and the workers. Up until now, there has not
been the same (‘the same true beginning’) real pick-up in business in the
Gyfartha Ironworks.
NOTE: The alternative form of the name results from the simplification of the
consonant cluster [θv] > [θ] Cyfarthfa >
Cyfarth’a (= Cyfartha)
cyffrẹtin [kəˡfre·tɪn] (adj) common,
general (= cyffredin [kəˡfre·dɪn])
(Other spellings and forms:
cyffretin)
cyfordis [kəˡvɔrdɪs] (adj)
comfortable (= cyfforddus [kəˡfɔrðɪs])
Also cyfwrdis [kəˡvʊrdɪs]
Source: GPC
(Other spellings: cyfordus, cyfwrdus)
cyfrath [ˡkəvraθ] (nf) law (= cyfraith [ˡkəvraɪθ])
cym-pō-īr [kɪm po: ˡi:r]
(adv) before long (= cyn bo hir [kɪn bo: ˡhi:r])
Cymrɛ̄s [kəmˡrɛ:s] (nf) Welshwoman (= Cymraes [kəmˡraɪs])
Cymreisa, Cymrīsa, [kəmˡrəɪsa, kəmˡri·sa]) (pl) (= Cymraesau [kəmˡrəɪsaɪ])
(Other forms and spellings: Cymrês, Cymrâs, Cymras)
Cymro [ˡkəmrɔ] (nm)
Welshman (= Cymro [ˡkəmrɔ])
Cymry [ˡkəmrɪ] (pl)
Welshmen; Welsh people (= Cymry [ˡkəmrɪ])
Cymri [ˡkəmrɪ] (nf) Wales (= Cymru [ˡkəmrɪ])
Cymri am byth [ˡkəmrɪ
am bɪθ] Wales for ever
cymryd [ˡkəmrɪd] (v) take (= cymryd [ˡkəmrɪd])
cymryd ffor grantid [ˡkəmrɪd
fo:r ˡgrantid] take for
granted (= cymryd yn ganiataol [ˡkəmrɪd ˡən ganiaˡta·ɔl])
Welsh CYMRYD (= CYM’RYD) < CYMERYD
cyrradd [ˡkərað] (v) arrive (at a
place), reach (a place) (= cymryd [[ˡkəraɪð])
rôl cyrradd Aber-dɛ̄r
after arriving in Aber-dâr / Aberdare
cythrwm [ˡkəθrʊm] (nm) devil (= cythraul [ˡkəθraɪl], diafol [dɪˡa·vɔl], diawl [djaul])
(Alteration of the word cythraul)
Bēth gythrwm...? What the
devil...?
Myn cythrwm ī ! [mən ˡkəθrʊm ˡi:] Bloody hell!
cymydd [ˡkəmɪð] valleys. See cwm [kʊm]
Y Cyw [ə ˡkiu]
(nm) short name for Heol-y-cyw / = Ewl-y-cyw#
byw
yn y Cyw live in Heol-y-cyw
dàb [dab] (nm) man (= dyn [di:n])
A
Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady:
to
which is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837:
DAB, s[ubstantive]. a chit, an insignificant person, a proficient in any feat
or exercise: also a slight blow
dạfad [ˡda·vad] (nf) sheep (= dafad [ˡda·vad])
dēfid
[ˡde·vɪd] (pl) (= defaid [ˡde·vaɪd])
pen dạfad sheep’s head; a dish formerly
common in south-east Wales
tạfod dạfad sheep’s
tongue; a dish formerly common in south-east Wales
Dạfydd [ˡda·vɪð] (nm) David (= Dafydd [ˡda·vɪð])
Short forms: Dai [daɪ], Dạfi [ˡda·vɪ]
Dai [daɪ] (nm) Dave, David (=
Dafydd [ˡda·vɪð])
dàla [ˡdala] (v) catch (= dal [dal])
ī-ddi dàla nw (= i’w dal hwy) to catch
them
(à
because the vowel is short; before ‘l’ we might expect a half-long vowel, but
the l was originally part of a consonant cluster (LGH) in ‘DALGH-’ from Old
Welsh DALG-)
dan [dan] (prep) under (= dan [dan])
dan y ddeiar / ddīar underground
danjar [ˡdanʤar] (nm) danger (= perygl [ˡpe·rɪg])
dannod [ˡd·nɔd] (v) tell off, reprimand
(= dannod [ˡdanɔd])
dannod dī ī fī òs
nā ddaw wnna yn rwin mawr (adapted from Aberdare Leader 28-02-
1914) tell me off if that (little lad) doesn’t become somebody great
dap
[dap] (nm?) plimsoll (south-eastern-Wales
English ‘dap’) (= esgid gynfas [ˡɛsgɪd ˡgənvas]]
daps [daps] (pl) (= esgidiau cynfas [ɛˡsgɪdjaɪ ˡkənvas])
ORIGIN: Welsh <
south-eastern-Wales English < south-western-England English DAP =
plimsoll; most likely from the south-western-England word DAP = to move
quickly; to bounce).
Forest of Dean (Gloucestershire): DAP = to bounce. http://www.forest-of-dean.net/fodmembers/index.php?mode=thread&id=12677#image
DAP.
vb. To bounce or bound. Used of hurried motion. [Hund. of Berk.] [S.W.]
A Glossary of Dialect & Archaic Words Used in the County of Gloucester. Edited
by Lord Moreton. 1890.
(delwedd
B0408)
Joseph Wright. English Dialect Dictionary. Voulume 6. 1905. (verb) (Ireland,
Yorkshire. Also Northamptonshire, Gloucestershire, Isle of Wight, Wiltshire,
Dorset, Somerset, Devon, Cornwall). 1 to move quickly and lightly. North
Yorkshire: He goes dapping along, as if he were on springs. 2/ to hop,
rebound, bounce,
dap
[dap] (adv) quickly,
suddenly, at once (= yn sydyn [ən ˡsədɪn], ar unwaith
ar ˡɪnwaɪθ]
ORIGIN: South-west-England English
DAP (= suddenly). From the noun DAP (= rebound of a ball), or the verb DAP (=
bounce; move quickly).
(delwedd
B0409)
Ī
īshteddws Dai yn īn pen, ā ī gysgws dap Dai
sat at one end and went to sleep at once
(= I
ishteddws Dai yn un pen, a i gysgws dap) See kimkat0928k /
Ni’n Doi / 1918 / page 57.
darllan [ˡdarɬan]
(v) read (= darllen [ˡdarɬɛn])
Also:
darllin [ˡdarɬɪn]
i ddyrllēnas [i: ˡðərɬe·nas])
I read [rɛd]
dd
In
certain words in Gwentian, it may replace f [v]. Examples of this are to be
found in other parts of Wales too.
rhofio (= to dig) > Gwentian roddio
Caer-dȳf > Car-dȳdd /
Cyr-dȳdd (Cardiff). The name in standard Welsh preserves its recent
Gwentian pronunciation; the English name indicates an older pronunciation
with [v], though in final position this has become [f] in English.
Pen-isha’r-plwydd locality in Gwent; = pen isaf y plwyf (lower end of the
parish)
dder
än dhen [ˡðɛr ən ˡðɛn] (adv) (Englishism)
there and then (= yn y man [ən ə ˡman])
ddī [ði:] (pronoun) she, her
= third-person singular feminine (= hi) [hi:]
ati ddi to her (= ati hi)
ddō [ðo:] (adv) yesterday (= ddoe) [ðoɪ]
dɛ̄
[dɛ:] (adj) good (= da [da])
bōra
dɛ̄ good morning
mynd yn ddɛ̄ digynnig (activity)
go very well, (person performing an activity) get on very well
dēcha
[ˡde·xa] (adj) 1/ well-made, well-wrought. of good quality, good, fine
(= graenus [ˡgrəɪnɪs], dehau [ˡde·haɪ]) 2/ fitting, appropriate, right, proper (= gweddus [ˡgwe·ðɪs], dehau [ˡde·haɪ])
pyrni
pɛ̄r
ō sgitsha decha buy a pair of good shoes
deiar
[ˡdəɪar] (nf) earth, ground
(= daear [ˡdəɪar])
Also dīar [ˡdi·ar]
dan
y ddeiar underground
mynd ī ffordd yr ōll ddeiar / ddīar
go the way of all things, die (‘go the way of the whole earth’)
deir [dəɪr] (adj) 1/ slow,
loitering 2/ tedious, tiresome. time.-consuming
Occurs in this riddle:
Shōni gō hīr / A
Shōni gō deir / Yn tynni’i gwt ato / Rhāg ōfan y gieir.
Abwydyn.
longish Johnnie / slowish Johnnie / drawing in his tail / out of fear of
the hens, out of fear for the hens, fearing the hens [Answer] (a) worm.
(Y Darian 21 05 1914)
Form of DYHIR (= very long)
(DI- intensifying prefix) + (HIR = long) > DIHIR > DYHIR
dēra
[ˡde·ra] (v) (second person singular imperative of dōd)
1 come! 2 bring (something) (= dera [ˡde·ra])
derwan
[ˡdɛrwan]
(nf) oak, oak tree (= derwen [ˡdɛrwɛn])
derw [ˡde·rʊ] (pl) (= derw [ˡde·rʊ])
dewch
[ˡdɛux] (v) leave (2nd
person plural of present-future of gatal
= leave) (= gadéwch [gaˡdɛux])
Dewch ÿch
mwstwr, boiz stop your
chatter, lads (‘leave your noise’)
dēwish [ˡde·wɪʃ] (v) choose (= dewis [ˡde·wɪs])
dīall [ˡdi·aɬ] (v) understand (= deall [ˡde·aɬ])
NOTE: In fact, dīall is
common in colloquial Welsh throughout Wales
Ffīli dīall bēth yw
reina w̄ ī (ffaelu deall beth yw y rheina yr
wyf) I can’t work out what those things there are
diarth [ˡdɪarθ] (adj) strange (= dieithr [dɪˡəɪθɪr])
NOTE:
(1) Colloquially there has been metathesis and a simplification of the
diphthong [ei > i] to give southern dierth.
(2) In the south-east, a final e > a.
dīar [ˡdi·ar] (nm) earth. See deiar.
diawl [ˡdɪaul] (nm) devil (= diafol [drˡa·vɔl])
diawlid
[ˡdɪaulɪd] (nm) devil (= diafoliaid [draˡvɔljaɪd])
Also: jawl
[ʤaul],
jawlid [ˡʤaulɪd]
(Other spellings: jiawl)
diawlētig [dɪauˡle·tɪg] (adj) devilish,
hellish (= dieflig [drˡɛvlɪg])
Also jawlētig
[ʤauˡle·tɪg]
wī’n falch ddiawletig bō
chi’n ... I’m really glad that you...
(Other spellings: jiawledig)
diawst [ˡdɪaust] (interjection) good
heavens (= esgyrn Dafydd, etc [ˡɛskɪrn ˡd·vɪð] = by the bones of
Saint David)
A euphemistic alteration of diawl
(= devil)
dīcon [ˡdi·kɔn] (nm) enough (= digon [ˡdi·gɔn])
dīcwdd [ˡdi·kʊð] (v) happen (= digwydd [ˡdigʊið])
didōrath [dɪˡdo·raθ] (adj) 1/ fickle,
feckless 2/ disorganised (= didoreth [dɪˡdo·rɛθ])
NOTE: Occurs in south-eastern Wales English (sometimes referred to as
‘Wenglish’) DIDORATH (= feckless, disorganised)
difạri [dɪˡva·rɪ] (v) regret (= edifaru [ɛdɪˡva·rɪ])
Also dyfạri [dəˡva·rɪ], tryfạri [trəˡva·rɪ]
ti dyfạri di ganwith you’ll
regret it a hundred times over
DYFẠRI < DIFẠRI < standard EDIFARU
digonshans [dɪˡgɔnʃans] (adv) unscrupulous
(= digydwybod [dɪgədˡuibɔd],
diegwyddor [dɪɛˡgwuiðɔr])
digynnig [dɪˡgənɪg] (adv)
outstandingly, extremely, very-very (= dros ben [drɔs ˡbɛn])
Also diginnyg [dɪˡgɪnɪg]
dɛ̄ digynnig very good indeed
bạchan piwr digynnig a
really fine fellow
dīlo [ˡdi·lɔ] (n) hands (= dwylo [ˡduilɔ]). See llaw (= hand).
The plural is literally ‘two hand’, i.e. two hands. (DWY = feminine form of
DAU = two) + soft mutation + (LLAW = hand) > DWYLAW > standard Welsh
DWYLO
dileio [dɪˡləɪɔ] (v) delay (= arafu [aˡra·vɪ])
cɛ̄l ticyn o’i ddileio ar y ffordd be delayed somewhat
on its way
From English DELAY [dɪˡləɪ]. (DILÉI) + (-IO
verbal suffix) > DILEI-IO > DILEIO
dim [dɪm] (eg) nothing (= dim [dɪm])
gwītho am y nesa pēth ī
ddim work for next to nothing
dim yw dim absolutely nothing
(‘nothing is nothing’)
dinīwad [dɪˡni·wad] (adj) innocent;
naïve (= diniwed [dɪˡniwɛd])
dinnon [ˡdɪnɔn] (pl) 1/ people; 2/ men. See dȳn (= man)
dīno [ˡdi·nɔ] wake up (=deffro [ˡdɛfrɔ], dihuno [dɪˡhi·nɔ])
DIHUNO > DIHINO > DI’INO > DĪNO.
(DI- = negative prefix) + (HUNO = sleep), literally ‘unsleep’.
dioclyd [dɪˡɔklɪd] (adj) lazy (=diog [ˡdi·ɔg], dioclyd [dɪˡɔklɪd])
diōdda [dɪˡo·ða] (v) suffer (=dioddef [dɪˡo·ðɛv])
di-rɛ̄n [dɪˡrɛ:n] (adj) in poor condition, shabby, in a shabby state; (food) off, past
its best, spoiled (= di-raen [dɪˡraɪn], gwael [gwaɪl])
NOTE: Occurs in south-eastern-Wales English (sometimes referred to as
‘Wenglish’) DI-RÊN or DI-RÂN (= feckless, disorganised)
Welsh DI-RAEN (DI- = negative prefix) + soft mutation + (GRAEN = grain; good
appearance, fine look). South Wales basic form DI-RÂN, south-east [a:] > [ɛ:] DI-Rɛ̄N
dishgwl [ˡdɪʃgʊl] (v) look (= gweld [gwɛld]; standard Welsh disgwyl [ˡdɪsguɪl] means ‘to wait’)
dishgyn [ˡdɪʃgɪn] (v) fall, come down
(= disgyn [ˡdɪsgɪn])
dīwadd [ˡdi·wað] (adj) innocent;
naïve (= diwedd [ˡdi·wɛð])
ō’r dīwadd finally, at last
doi [dɔɪ] (num m) two (= dau [daɪ])
nī’n doi
[ni:n ˡdɔɪ]) the two of us,
both of us, we two (= ni ein dau [ni: ən ˡdaɪ])
mā nw’n ddoi frawd they’re brothers (‘they are two brothers’)
dōpach [ˡdo·pax] (v) dub, dirty (=
make dirty) (= dodi [ˡdo·dɪ])
From English DAUB + (-verbal suffix -ACH) > DOBACH (> DOPACH)
See GPC DOBIAF (2)
dōs [do:s] (v) there is not (= nid oes [nɪd ˡɔɪs]; does [dɔɪs])
dōti [ˡdo·tɪ] (v) put (= dodi [ˡdo·dɪ])
dotws [ˡdo·tʊs] he / she / it put
downsan [ˡdounsan] (v) dance (= dawnsio [ˡdaunsjɔ])
dowto [ˡdoutɔ] (v) 1/ doubt 2/
suspect (= amau [ˡamaɪ])
draw mynno [draʊ ˡmənɔ] (adv) over there (=
draw man honno [draʊ man ˡhɔnɔ])
drecshwn [ˡdrɛkʃʊn] (nm) direction (= cyfeiriad [kəˡvəɪrjad])
Cymricisation of English d’rection
< direction
drūan
[ˡdri·an] (nm) (= druan [ˡdri·an])
soft-mutated form of
trūan (= wretch), used in the phrase
drūan â fē the poor
wretch, the poor thing
drw̄g [dru:g] (adj) bad (= drwg [dru:g])
drȳll [dri:] (nm) piece; gun (= dryll [drɪɬ])
drylla [ˡdrəɬa] (pl) (= dryllau [ˡdrəɬaɪ])
drȳll dŵr (GPC: ar lafar yn y De
/ used in the South) water pistol
dwarnod
[ˡduarnɔd] (nm) (= diwrnod [ˡdiurnɔd])
dwarnōta [duarˡno·ta] (pl) (= diwrnodau [diurˡno·dɪ])
īn ō’r dwarnōta nesa
in one of the next few days
dwplar
[ˡdʊplar] (nm) (= plât mawr [pla:t ˡmaur]; dwbler [ˡdʊblɛr])
dwpleri [dʊˡple·rɪ] (pl) (= plât mawr [ˡplatjaɪ ˡmaur]; dwbleri [dʊˡble·rɪ])
Origin: Middle English DOUBLER, DOBLER, DUBLER = a wooden plate, from Old French DUBLIER.
GPC (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru): p1104 Ar lafar
ym Morgannwg yn y ffurfiau dwpler, dwplar (fawr), lluosog dwpleri.
= In Glamorgan Welsh with the forms dwpler, dwplar (fawr),
plural dwpleri.
See kimkat0928k / Ni’n Doi / 1918 / page 54
NOTE 1:
(delwedd 5770)
The Unton Inventories Relating To Wadley And Faringdon, Co. Berks. In The
Years 1596 and 1620. From The Originals In The Possession Of Earl Ferrers.
Wirh A Memoir Of The Family Of Unton, By John Gough Nichols, Esq. F.S.A-.
[Published 1841]. Chargers of pewter, 12. A charger was a great platter or
large dish: grand plat. Palagrave.
An old glossary explains charger, dobler, or platter, lanx, latus discus. Horman says, “One swanne is ynoughe to fyll a
charger.” [One swan is enough to fill a charger]
NOTE 2: Doubler occurs as a surname in England, probably ‘maker of doublers,
(wooden) plate maker’.
dŵr [du:r] (nm) 1/ water 2/ urine (= dŵr [du:r])
dŵr y môr the seaside (‘(the)
water (of) the sea’)
yn nŵr y môr at the seaside
dwsan [ˡdʊsan] (nm) dozen (= dwsin [ˡdʊsɪn])
ddwsan ō wītha a dozen
times
Also: drwsan [ˡdrʊsan]
From English DOZEN; (taken into Welsh from Middle English (DOZEINE), from Old
French DOZAINE, based on DOZE = twelve, from Latin DUODECIM (= twelve),
literally ‘two-ten’ (DUO + DECEM)
dwst [dʊst] (nm) 1/ dust 2/
powder (= llwch [ɬu:x])
From Old English DÛST [du:st], or Middle English DUST [dust]
dwt [dʊt] (nm) small person
(= un bychan [i:n ˡbəxan])
dwt bɛ̄ch small person
Cf. dwt = a small
person (also dwtty) (25 English words and phrases you only hear in Wales /
Wales Online /
04-05-2014)
(GPC: Sir Gaerfyrddin /
Carmarthenshire (dwt bach). Morgannwg / Glamorgan: twtyn, twten)
dwy [dʊi] (numeral) 1/ two
(feminine form) (= dwy [dui]) 2/ = dwy gīnog tuppence; as a
qualifying phrase, tuppenny (= dwy geiniog [dui ˡgəɪnjɔg])
peint ō gw̄rw
dwy a tuppenny pint of beer, a pint of
beer that costs two pence
dwywath [ˡduiwaθ] (adv) twice (= dwywaith [ˡduiwaɪθ])
In nicknames, ddwywath [ˡðuiwaθ] (= ddwywaith [ˡðuiwaɪθ]) is used for individuals with the
forename the same as the surname, or patronymic.
e.g. Efan Efan / Evan Evans becomes Ianto
Ddwywath [ˡjantɔ ˡðuiwaθ]
(DWY = two – feminine
form) + soft mutation + (GWAITH = time) > DWYWAITH (> Gwentian DWYWATH)
dychra [ˡdəxra] (v) begin (=
dechrau [ˡdɛxraɪ])
dȳdd [di:ð] (nm) day (= dydd [di:ð])
y dȳdd ō’r blɛ̄n
the other day
dyfạri [dəˡva·rɪ] (v) regret. See difaru [dɪˡva·rɪ]
dyffryn
[ˡdəfrɪn] (nm) valley (=
dyffryn [ˡdəfrɪn])
dyffrynnodd [dəˡfrənɔð] (pl) (= dyffrynnoedd [dəˡfrənɔɪð])
Dyffryn Dɛ̄r the
Aberdare valley (‘(the) valley (of) (the) (river) Dâr’)
dyfndar [ˡdəvndar] (nm) depth (=
dyfnder [ˡdəvndɛr])
mynd tū hwnt ī-ddi ddyfndar
go out of his depth, go beyond his depth (‘go yonder side to his depth’)
dylanwạti [dəlanˡwa·tɪ] (v) influence (= dylanwadu [dəlanˡwa·dɪ])
dyma [ˡdəma] (v) here’s (literally: ‘here you see’) (= dyma [ˡdəma]
Also
mà [ma], a clipped form in common use.
Possible evolution: WELI DI ÝMA you-see / you / here i.e. ‘here you see’ >
WELI DI ’MÁ > WELDI ’MÁ > WEL DYMÁ > DYMÁ / DÝMA
(Other
spellings and forms: ma, ’ma)
dȳn [di:n] (nm) man (= dyn [di:n])
dynon [ˡdənɔn] (pl) men; people (= dynion [ˡdənjɔn])
dȳn dōd, (pl) dynon dōd
incomer, immigrant, foreigner
rẁ ddy*n mawr tew some big fat man
Also: dinnon [ˡdɪnɔn]
Dynon / dinnon has the sense of
‘people’ (i.e. men and woman) in the South generally.
NOTES: (1) In the south-east, in certain words
the obscure vowel y > i in the
penult.
(2) typical of the south is the loss of the consonantal i at
the beginning of a final syllable
–ion > -on
(Other forms and spellings:
dinon)
dyna [ˡdəna] (v) there’s (literally: ‘there you see’) (= dyna [ˡdəna])
Also
nà [na], a clipped forn in common use.
Possible evolution: WELI DI ÝNA you-see / you / there i.e. ‘there you see’
> WELI DI ’NÁ > WELDI ’NÁ > WEL DYNÁ > DYNÁ / DÝNA
(Other
spellings and forns: na, ’na)
dynon [ˡdənɔn] 1/ men; 2/ people. See dȳn (= man)
Also dinnon [ˡdi·nɔn]
dyrys [ˡdərɪs] 1/ unruly,
mischievous (= direidus
[dəˡrəɪdɪs]);
2/ (ox) vicious (= anhydrin
[anˡhədrɪn]);
īdon dyrys (= eidion dyrys) vicious ox
Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions,
Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd:
Da gwnaeth Duw,
Doeth a deallus,
Rhoi corn byr i'r eidion dyrus, -
A bach allu i'r drwg ei 'wyllys.
God did well ([it is] good that God did, wise and understanding, giving a
short horn to the vicious ox, and little ability tio the ill-willed.
|
B5237: 
yn 
aith
δ δ