kimkat0237e
Geiriadur Cymraeg (Gwenhwyseg) - Saesneg / Welsh (Gwentian dialect) – English
Dictionary.
19-02-2018
● kimkat0001 Yr Hafan www.kimkat.org
● ● kimkat1864e Gateway to this Website in English / Y
Fynedfa Saesneg www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwefan/gwefan_arweinlen_2003e.htm
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● ● ● ● ● ● kimkat0237e Y Tudalen Hwn
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Gwefan
Cymru-Catalonia E - M |
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(delwedd 5781)
...
The main purpose of this dictionary is to give an approximation of ‘Gwentian’
Welsh (the Welsh of the former counties of Sir Forgannwg / Glamorganshire and
Sir Fynwy / Monmouthshire) which might serve to read texts written in the
dialect.
Prif amcan y geiriadur hwn yw rhoi
fraslun neu amlinelliad o’r Wenhwyseg (Cymraeg hen siroedd Morgannwg and Mynwy)
a all fod o fudd wrth ddarllen ysgrifau
yn y dafodiaith honno.
Here is
a list of material in Gwentian or about Gwentian on this website : Dyma restr o ddeunydd yn y dafodiaith neu
sydd yn ymwneud â hi:
kimkat1094e www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_llyfrau-yn-y-wefan-hon_mynegai_0194e.htm
....
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eclan# [ˡɛklan] (v) 1/ haggle (over a price) 2/ wrangle,
bargain (= dadlau [ˡdadlaɪ]) From English HAGGLE / HEGGLE. (Joseph Wright, English Dialect Dictionary
1903: HEGGLE (Somerset), HEIGLE (West Somerset). HEGGLE > (HEGL-) + -(AN verbal suffix)
> HEGLAN > ??Gwentian ECLAN (this is the presumed Gwentian form – we
have found no example as yet in dialect texts) eclws [ˡɛklʊs] (nf) church (= eglwys
[ˡɛgluɪs]) Eclwshīlan [ɛklʊʃi·lan] (nf) village and parish (= Eglwysilan
[ɛgluɪsi·lan]) Y Darian. 5 Mehefin 1919. Wẹti dōd lawr ō Eclwshīlan (Weti dod lawr o Eclwshilan) having come down from Eglwysilan...
(delwedd 5964)
From English IDEA eithis [ˡəɪθɪs] (adj) terrible, dreadful, terrible (= aethus [ˡəɪθɪs]) yn
grȳf eithis
terribly strongly elcyd [ˡɛlkɪd] (v) 1/ hunt (= hela [ˡhɛla]); 2/ gather, collect (= casglu
[ˡkasglɪ]) Emwnt [ˡɛmʊnt] (nm) 1/ (forename) Edmund (= Emwnt
[ˡɛmʊnt]) 2/ (patronymic) son of Edmund (= ab
Emwnt [ab ˡɛmʊnt]) 3/ (surname) Edmund, Edmunds (= Emwnt
[ˡɛmʊnt])
Cf. A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And
Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English
Dialecl' Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have
heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’) AWLD. — Awld is specially used as a term of
familiarity, or even endearment. Thus a man would say of his wife, “My awld
’ooman ’ooll hev dinner jus' ready vor us.” [= My old woman will have dinner
just ready for us] énfilop [ˡɛnvɪlɔp] (nm) envelope (= amlen [ˡamlɛn]) énfilops [ˡɛnvɪlɔps] (pl) (= amlenni
[amˡlɛnɪ])
enwẹtig [ɛnˡwe·tɪg]
especial (= enwedig [ɛnˡwe·dɪg])
esmwth [ˡɛsmʊθ] (adj)
smooth (= esmwyth [ˡɛsmuiθ]) shincyn esmwth [ˡʃɪŋkɪn ˡɛsmʊθ]) (west Glamorgan ) bread or toast in a bowl onto which hot
water ot tea is poured, and to which butter is then added, and sugar or salt
or pepper or nutmeg; ‘shincyn’. Y Pẹtar
Estar
(the four rows / terraces / ranks) These were early nineteenth century
(c1810?) ironworkers' houses in Tredegar, called "The Four Rows" in
English. The "Ystrad Deri" housing estate was built on the site of
Y Pẹtar Estar.
(delwedd 5968) Tarian y Gweithiwr 11 Ebrill 1895 NODION O RYMNI. Bendith ar ben Cymry America am roddi
cofgolofn anrhydeddus ar fedd un o blant Rhymni, sef y diweddar gerddor
Gwilym Gwent. Nid yw pawb o ddarllenwyr y DARIAN yn gwybod mai yma y magwyd
ef, y mae yn bosibl. Beth bynag, yr ydym am roddi gwybod iddynt, ac hefyd yn
dymuno adgofio y rhai hyny sydd wedi anghofio fod yma rai o hyd yn ei gofio
yn hogyn bychan gyda’i dad a'i lysfam, yn un o dai y ‘Rhestr Fawr,’ ac yn el gofio tua deg oed, a’i gam byr,
a'i fox bwyd ar ei gefn yn myned i’r pwll glo, fel y rhelyw o blant Rhymni.
Yn y talcen glo drachefn, gwelid ar y rhaw a'r pyst coed ôl traed brain (ys
dywed yr hen bobl am notes y
cerddorion). Wedi dychwelyd o'r gwaith, byddai yn gwneud gwahanol offerynau
cerdd o goed, a hyny gyda’r gyllell boced yn unig, ac yn arwain plant y
gymydogaeth o gwmpas yr heolydd yn eu marching
order, i chwareu yr offerynau hyny. Y mae y gofgolofn yn werth rhyw ddau
cant o bunnau, ac nid ydym yn gwybod am neb o blant y gân sydd yn fwy
teilwng. Tarian y Gweithiwr (The Worker’s Shield) 11
April 1895 NOTES FROM RHYMNI. A blessing for the American Welsh for placing
an honouring memorial on the tomb of one of Rhymney's sons, namely the late
musician Gwilym Gwent. Possibly not all DARIAN readers know that he was
brought up here. Be that as it may, we are making this known to them, and
also we wish to remind those who have forgotten that there are still some
people here who remember him as a little lad with his father and his
stepmother, in one of the houses of the ‘Rhestr Fawr’ (= 'Great Row / Terrace’), and remember him at the age of about ten with his short step, and his food box on his
back, going to the colliery, like the rest of the children of Rhymney. Then
at the coal face, on the shovel and the wooden props one could see the
footprints of crows (as the old people would call the notes of musicians).
After returning from work, he would make different musical instruments out of
wood, (and that) with just a pocket knife, and lead the children of the
neighborhood around the streets in a march (‘in their their marching order’)
to play these instruments. The monument is worth about two hundred pounds,
and we do not know about any of the devotees of music (‘children of song’)
who are more deserving. Etwart [ˡɛtwart]) (nm) Edward (= Edward [ˡɛdward]) In the nineteenth century, in writers’
pseudonyms, an Edward might style himself Iorwerth. See Iōrath, the Gwentian form of Iorwerth. ar
yr ewl in
the street, on the street ewl
lɛ̄s
green way, green lane (North Wales: fford las) ?a track bounded by trees and
bushes or hedgerows. Name of various places (e.g. 1] Llwynfedw /
Birchgrove, Abertawe; 2] farm near in Llan-gan, Y Bont-faen / Cowbridge; 3]
farm in Creunant). Yr Ewl-ddī [ər ɛʊl ˡði:] (f) street (= Yr
Heol-ddu [ər he·ɔl ˡ
ði:])
(delwedd 5950) falla [ˡvaɬa] (adv) perhaps, maybe (= efallai [ɛˡvaɬaɪ], = hwyrach [ˡhuɪrax]) Also walla
[ˡwaɬa], with [f] > [w] falla bō chī’n ffīli
diall blẹ... maybe you are wondering where...
(‘failing to understand’) FALLA < EFALLAI
< EF A ALLAI (EF = it) + (A = which) + soft mutation + (GALLAI = might be) Y Fartag [ə ˡvartag] village name (= Y
Farteg [ə ˡvartɛg])
(delwedd 5819) fer [vɛr] (nf) fir tree (= ffynidwydden
[fənɪdwəðɛn]) pren fer fir tree cōd fer fir trees Other words in Welsh
are: ffir [fir] (from modern English fir), fyr /
pren fyr [fɪr, prɛn fɪr] (from Middle English vyrre = fir tree, or
modern south-western-English dialects). GPC notes (translated
from Welsh) “ferren – diminutive form. The forms in general use in Morgannwg
/ Glamorgan and Sir Gaerfyrddin / Carmarthenshire are ‘y fer, pren fer, coed
fer’ (with a short ‘e’). There is a place in Llansadwrn, Sir Gaerfyrddin /
Carmarthenshire called Pant-y-fer (= hollow of the fire tree).” Note: VEER. sb. Fir tree. [Kingscote.] (A Glossary Of Dialect And Archaic Words Used In The County Of Gloucester.
1890. John Drummond Robertson. Born Cuileann Ros, Siorrachd Pheairt, Alba (= Culross, Perthshire, Scotland)
02-02-1857. Died (77) 10-10-1934,
Torbay, England. Edited By Lord
Moreton (Henry Haughton Reynolds-Moreton)
Born London 04-03-1857. Died (63) London 28-02-1920.) ffact [fakt] (nf) fact (= ffaith
[faɪθ]) dyna bēth ffact ī chi and that’s a fact
(‘there is + a thing of a fact + to you’) ffecto [ˡfɛktɔ] (v) effect (= effeithio
ar [ɛˡfəɪθjɔ ar]) ffeilẹtig [fəɪˡle·tɪg] (adj)
(especially by old age) feeble, incapacitated, disabled, handicapped (= methedig [mɛˡθe·dɪg], ffaeledig [fəɪˡle·dɪg]) Also: ffilẹtig [fɪˡle·tɪg]
(delwedd
5905) Y
Gwladgarwr. 15 Hydref 1859. I’R CLAF NEU FFAELEDIG!
Y MAE MR. J. L. PRICHARD, PROFESSWR Y REMEDIAL FLUID, Llysieuydd Meddygol,
Medical Galvanist, Chemist, Druggist, Dentist, &c., GOGYFER Y BUSH INN, HEOL FAWR,
DOWLAIS, Yn dymuno tynu sylw y cyhoedd ei fod yn barhaus yn gwneuthur canoedd o cures, a' r
ddynion [sic; = ar ddynion] o pob [sic; = bob] cwr o’r wlad pan y mae y
Doctoriaid yr Infirmaries a'r Hospitals blaenaf yn y deyrnas yn
methu gwneud dim lles, daw unrhyw berson attaf, caiff berffaith foddlonrwydd
o’r canoedd gwelliadau hynod ac sydd wedi cael ei gwneuthur, ac yn cael eu
gwneud ar bob math o afiechyd a doluriau, trwy effeithiau Prichard's Patent
Restorative Apparatuses, ynghyd a thriniaeth meddygol arall. Cynghor yn ddigost.
Am dystiolaethau, gwel handbills. PILLS LLYSIEUOL PRICHARD... The Gwladgarwr (= the patriot).
October 15, 1859. For the sick and incapacitated.
MR. J. L. PRICHARD, The Remedial Fluid Professor, Medical Herbalist, Medical
Galvanist, Chemist, Druggist, Dentist, etc., opposite the Bush Inn, High
Street, Dowlais, wishes to draw the attention of the public [to the fact
that] that he is continually making hundreds of cures, and that people from
all parts of the country for people when the Doctors of the leading
infirmaries and hospitals in the kingdom are unable to give relief (= failing
to make any benefit’); any person [who] comes to me will get perfect
satisfaction from the hundreds of remarkable cures that have been effected
(‘hundreds of magnificent improvements which have been made’) and are eing
effected (‘made’) qith all types of illness and pain (‘on all kinds of
illness and pains’), through the effects of Prichard's Patent
RestorativeApparatuses, along with other medical treatment. Advice free of charge.
For testimonials, see handbills. PRICHARD’S HERBAL PILLS...
ffein [fəɪn] (adj)
(person) fine, splendid (= hynaws [ˡhənaus], = hawddgar [ˡhauðgar]) From English FINE
[fain] Also ffẹnas
(cf final st > s in Gwentian in brecwast / brecwas [ˡbrɛkwast /
ˡbrɛkwas] =
breakfast)
Other examples (here
using standard forms) are: ffit [fɪt] (adj) fitting (= addas [ˡa·ðas]) fē fysa'n ffitach fōd...
it’d be more fitting if... ffleio [fləɪɔ] (v) fly
(= hedfan [ˡhɛdfan]) Also fflio [fli·ɔ] ffliw [fliu] (v) flue = duct, passage for air, smoke, gas, etc (= ffliw [fliu]) Ffliw’r
Mynydd; Flliw’r Helyg (in Abercannaid Pit formerly) (Flue y Mynydd, Flue yr Helyg;
15-11-1888 Tarian y Gweithiwr) ffliwchan [ˡfliuxan] (v) (of light snow or rain falling) (= bwrw eira ysgafn, bwrw glaw ysgafn [ˡbu·rʊ i·ra / glau ˡesgavn]) ffliwchan
īra be
snowing with light snowflakes ffliwchan
glaw be
raining with fine drops (Other
forms and spellimngs: ffluwchan) ffop [fɔp] (nm) fop, dandy, coxcomb, swell; vain person with
exaggerated concern for clothes and appearance, and who affects elegant
manners (= coegyn [ˡkɔɪgɪn]) ‘Lewis y Ffop’ / Llysenwau Pontardawe a'r Cylch (= nicknames of Pontardawe and the neighbouring area) http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cwmgors/Llysenwauponty.html From English FOP, probably related to modern
German FOPPEN (= tease, pull the leg of, fool, make fun of, kid) ffor [fɔr] (adv) how
(= sit [sɪt]) Ffor ddāth ā ī w̄pod
am... how did he find out about.... how
did he get to know about... (The construction shows the influence of the
direct question A DDAETH...? did he come...? After an adverb the partice is Y, which does
nor cause soft mutation: PA FFORDD Y DAETH... Such particles are usually
dropped in spoken Welsh, though any mutation caused remains) ffôt [fo:t] (nf) fault = (geology) crack (= toriad [ˡtɔrjad]) ffôts [fo:ts] (pl) (=
toriadau
[tɔrˡja·daɪ])
kitchens
or brew.houses of farm houses. A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases.
Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialecl'
Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard
spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’) (Other
spellings: ffwrwm, ffwrm, ishta)
fyswn
ī bỳth yn... [ˡvəsʊn i: bɪθ ən..])] (phrase) I’d never... (= ni
fuaswn byth yn.... [ni:
vɪˡa·sʊn bɪθ ən..]) Also: swn ī bỳth yn... (i.e.
first syllable – the pretonic syllable - dropped)
(Other
spellings: gafal, gafel, gafael, afal, afel, afael, nhgafal, ngafel, ngafael) galifanto [galɪˡvantɔ] wander
about (seeking enjoyment or pleasure) English
GALLIVANT, from 1800+, perhaps some variant of GALLANT. GALLIVANT
1/ wander around looking for fun 2/ go about with someone of the opposite sex
Gallivant. To be
gadding about on a spree with a companion of the opposite sex (S.): to
run after the girls, or 'chaps,' as the case may be.--N. & S.W. A Glossary
Of Words Used In The County Of Wiltshire. George Edward Dartnell And The Rev.
Edward Hungerford Goddard, M.A. The English Dialect Society. 1893. (English GALLIVANT > GALIFANT) + (-IO verbal suffix)
> GALIFANTIO (= Gwentian GALIFANTO) gàffar [ˡgafar] (v)
gaffer, boss (= pennaeth [ˡpɛnaɪθ]) (other
spellings: gaffar, gaffer, gaffars, gaffers) gālw [ˡga·lʊ] (v) 1/
call (= summon) 2/ call (= give a name to) (= galw [ˡga·lʊ]) gālw rw̄in ar bōb ẹnw
drw̄g call somebody every name under the sun
(‘call somebody on every bad name’) Y Gār [ə ˡga:r]. See
Y Gɛ̄r [ə ˡgɛ:r]
(= place name; the fortress, camp, earthwork) gātal [ˡga·tal] (v) leave
(= gadael [ˡga·daɪl]) (other
forms and spellings: giatal)
From
English GAIN = to win, acquire (GEIN) +
(-IO verbal suffix) > GEINIO (> Gwentian GEINO) Gelli-gɛ̄r [ˡgɛɬɪ ˡgɛ:r]
(f) village name (= Gelli-gaer [ˡgɛɬɪ ˡgaɪr]). The name
ought to be (in standard Welsh) Celli’r-gaer / Celli-gaer ‘the
grove by the [Roman] fort’ (CELLI = grove) + (YR definite article) + soft
mutation + (CAER = fort), but the soft-mutated form (possibly because of its
frequency as such after prepositions – o Gelli-gaer (= from), i Gelli-gaer (=
to) , yn Gelli-gaer (standard yng Nghelli-gaer) (= in)) has come to be
regarded as the radical form. (Other
spellings; Gellygare)
(delwedd
5949)
(Other
spellings: Gaer, Gær, Gare) geso [gɛsɔ] (v)
guess (= dyfalu [dəˡva·lr]) English
GUESS; (GES) + (verbal suffix -IO) > GESIO (> Gwentian GESO) girfa# [ˡgɪrva] (nf)
vocabulary (= geirfa [ˡgəɪrva]) gita [ˡgɪta] (prep)
with (= â [a:], gyda [ˡgəda]) gita cryndod yn ī laish in a
shaky voice glan [glan]
(nf) river bank (= glan [glan]) byw ar lan yr āfon live
next to the river (‘on the river bank’)
glanwadd [ˡglanwað] (nm)
pretty (= glanwedd [ˡglanwɛð]) menyw lanwadd digynnig an extremely
attractive woman glaw [glau]
rain (= glaw
[glau]) There existed an
alternative (but erroneous) spelling gwlaw, which GPC notes as first
appearing
1/
Llangasty Tal-y-llyn, Brycheiniog (noted as Cae Gleishon); 2/
(outside the Gwentian area) a document dated 27 October 1770 held at the
Shropshire Records Office (SRO 2847/9/3) mentions the Cae glision in
Melverley, Shropshire, England just across the border between England and
Wales; 3/ a
field name in Rhondda (Cae Glishon; Rhondda Place Names, Rhondda Leader 2
September 1909).
Y Pant-glɛ̄s [ə pant ˡglɛ:s] (nm)
place name (= the green hollow) (= Y Pant-glas [ə pant ˡgla:s])
Gomorrah [gɔˡmɔra] (-) 1/
(Bible) (Genesis 19:24, 19:25) (= Gomorrah [gɔˡmɔra]) One of
two cities near the Dead Sea (Sodom was the other) destroyed by God because
of the wicked behaviour of their inhabitants. 2/ Sodom and Gomorrah – a
district of two streets so called in Pontlotyn - Chapel Street was Gomorrah
and Bute Terrace was Sodom. http://www.rootschat.com/forum/index.php?topic=535430.0 gōla [ˡgo·la] (nm) 1/
light; 2/ light (= electric light, etc) (= golau [ˡgo·laɪ]) roi’r gōla m**s turn off
the light gōlwg [ˡgo·lʊg] (nm) 1/
look, appearance (= golwg [ˡgo·lʊg]) 2/
great number wi’m līco gōlwg y bachān ’na I don’t
like the look of that man over there gōlwg ō bōpol very
many people Cf Devon
dialect (‘Sight: great quantity or number’. Rustic Sketches; being poems on
angling ... in the dialect of East Devon ... George Philip Rigney Pulman
1842) gomrod [ˡgɔmrɔd] (nm)
excess; (adv) too much (= gormod [ˡgɔmrɔd]) See gormodd gōnast [ˡgo·nast] (adj)
honest (= gonest [ˡgo·nɛst]) fɛ̄ wẹtas yn ōnast... I said
honestly... English
ONEST (i.e. HONEST); an itinial ‘g’ added since it was supposed that ‘onest’
was a soft-mutated form of ‘gonest’. Cf the word
in northern Welsh and standard Welsh ALLT (= hill) which is South Wales is
GALLT (= wooded hill).
gormodd [ˡgɔrmɔð] (nm)
excess; (adv) too much (= gormod [ˡgɔrmɔd]) Also gomrod [ˡgɔmrɔd] yn ormodd lawar (adv) far too much grīdd [gri:ð] (eb)
cheek (= grudd [gri:ð]) griddia [ˡgrɪðja] (pl) (=
gruddiau [ˡgrɪðjaɪ] Grìff [grɪf] (nm)
short form of the forename Griffidd (other
forms and spellings: Gruff, Griff) Griffidd [ˡgri·fɪð] (nm)
forename (= Gruffudd [ˡgri·fɪð]) (Other
spellings: Griffydd, Gruffydd) grīg [gri:g] (mass
noun ) heather (= grug [gri:g]) Also: gwrig [gwri:g] (See GPC under grug) grīcos [ˡgri·kɔs] small
heather clumps (= grugos [ˡgri·gɔs]) Hence Y Rīcos (place name). officially
(though incorrectly) as Y Rhigos grondo [ˡgrɔndɔ] (v) to
listen (= gwrando [ˡgwrandɔ]) rw̄ ī wẹti grondo arno fà lawar ō
wītha I’ve listened to him many times falla
grindiff à arno chī nawr maybe he’ll listen to you now Y Grōs-fɛ̄n [ə gro:s ˡvɛ:n]
(nf) village name; between Pen-tyrch and Llantrisant (= Y Groes-faen [ə grɔɪs ˡvaɪn]) Other
forms and spellings: Englished as Crossvane. Groesfan.
gwaith brics [gwaɪθ ˡbrɪks] brickworks gwaith glō
[gwaɪθ ˡglo:]
coal mine gwaith arn
[gwaɪθ ˡarn]
ironworks (= gwaith haearn
[gwaɪθ ˡhəɪarn]) gwaith copor
[gwaɪθ ˡkɔpɔr]
copperworks gwās [gwa:s]. See gwɛ̄s [gwɛ:s] (= farmhand, servant)
gw̄ddoch [ˡgu·ðɔx] (v) you
know See gw̄pod [ˡgu·pɔd] = to
know gwddw̄ca [gʊˡðu·ka] (pl)
necks, throats. See gwddf [gʊðv] = neck,
throat Also: gyddyca
[gəˡðəka]
nà fi'n gweid wrthoch chi nawr
I’m telling you, honestly I will (‘there’s me telling you now’) gweilod [ˡgwəɪlɔd] (nm)
bottom (= gwaelod
[ˡgwəɪlɔd]) Also gwīlod [ˡgwi·lɔd] mandral gwīlod [ˡgwi·lɔd] large
heavy pick (= mandrel
gwaelod [ˡmandrɛl
ˡgwəɪlɔd]) gweirwr [ˡgwəɪrʊr] (nm)
haymaker (= gweiriiwr [ˡgwəɪrjʊr]) Also gwīrwr# [ˡgwi·rʊr], gwīrwrz# [ˡgwi·θʊrz] gweitha [ˡgwəɪθa] (adj)
worst (= gwaethaf [ˡgwəɪθav]) gweithwr [ˡgwəɪθʊr] (nm)
worker (= gweithiwr [ˡgwəɪθjʊr]) Also gwīthwr [ˡgwi·θʊr], gwīthwrs [ˡgwi·θʊrs] gwɛ̄ll [gwe:ɬ] (adj)
better (= gwell [gwe:ɬ]) mà
rai yn wɛ̄ll nā’i gīddyl some are better than others
gwẹly [ˡgwe·lɪ] (nm)
bed (= gwely [ˡgwe·lɪ]) gwelȳa [gwɛˡɬi·a] (pl) (=
gwelyai [gwɛˡɬi·aɪ])
ORIGIN:
The town of Uenta (called by the Romans Uenta Silurum, that is, the Brittonic
name Uenta and the Latin genitive plural Siurum (= of the Silurian people, of
the Silurians) became, in early Welsh, Uent and later Gwent, and was applied
to the territory administered from Uenta. The name of the town itself in
Welsh became Caer-went. ORIGIN:
From GWENNWYS (= the people of Gwent) (GWENT) + (plural suffix indicating
inhabitants -WYS). Doubtless
it was pronounced as such when used by dialect speakers, but no evidence of
its use with this pronunciation has been noted by us as yet.
gwɛ̄s [gwɛ:s]
(nm) farm labourer (= gwas [gwa:s])
gwẹtws [ˡgwe·tʊs] (v) he
/ she / it said (= dywedodd [dəˡwe·dɔð]). See gweid [gwəɪd] = to
say gwīr [gwi:r]
(adj) true (= gwir
[gwi:r]) ītha gwīr
quite true
gwītw [ˡgwi·tʊ] (nf) widow (= gweddw [ˡgwe·ðʊ]) y wītw the
widow mà nò wlɛ̄d ō lō there’s an immense
amount of coal there Gwlɛ̄d Myrddin [gwlɛ:d
ˡmərðɪn] (nf) 1/
poetical name for Sir Gaerfyrddin / Carmarthenshire (= Gwlad Myrddin [gwla:d ˡmərðɪn] ɛ̄b yn gw̄pod ī fī without
my knowing; unintentionally (‘without a-knowing to me’) fel gw̄ddoch chī as you
know gwrīg [gwri:g]
(mass noun) heather (= grug [gri:g]) See grīg [gri:g] gyddyca [gəˡðəka] (pl)
see gwddf [gʊðv] = neck,
throat gyta with gytag a
with him Also gita The existence of this
trait in the Welsh of this region is probably the result of the influence of
neighbouring Engñsh dialects where the ‘h’ was also absent. It is not a
feature of other Welsh dialects.
Examples of ‘h’
restored erroneously: ffor ddes i’r Mowntan Hash (...how I came to
Mountain Ash). Y Darian. 1 Mehefin 1916. haf (= summer) > ɛ̄f, halier (= haulier,
mineworker in charge of horses and drams) > aliar, hanes (= story,
history) > ānas, Hendref (= place name;
winter farm) > Endra, heol (= stret) >
ewl, hiraeth (= longing)
> īrath hōlo (make a hole)
> ōlo, Examples of
hypercorrection with ‘h’: heidïa (= eidïa –
English: idea) Mowntan Hash (=
Mountain Ash)
gwân
i odd' mà! get away from here!, away with you!, clear off! (gwanu = stab,
prick, penetrate; rush, dash)
5/ ī [i:] (preposition + personal pronoun
adjective) Corresponding
to standard i’w = to him, to her, to their – in Gwentian the two elements
merge as one) Also in
Gwentian as ī-ddi (dd sepates the two elements) dōd
ī ddiwadd o dan gwmp (= dod i’w diwedd) die in a rockfall (‘come to his end under a fall’) ïā [ˡi·a] (adv)
yes (= ïe [ˡi·ɛ])
īcha [ˡi·xa] (adj)
upper, uppermost, top (= uchaf [ˡi·xav]) shà pen ycha'r cwm ’ma at
the top end of this valley
ī
-ddi dàla nw (=
i’w dal hwy) to catch them See also
ī (5) idiöt [ˡidjət] (nm)
idiot (= ynfytyn [ənˡvətɪn]) paid ācor d’ẹna, yr idiot don’t open
your mouth, you idiot; don’t say a word, you idiot
iẹchyd [ˡje·xɪd] (nm)
health (= iechyd [ˡje·xɪd]) iẹchyd dɛ̄ cheers!
(a toast = ‘(your) good health’) colli’ch iẹchyd lose
your health Iẹfan [ˡje·van] (nm)
John (= Ifan [ˡi·van]) Also: Ẹfan [ˡe·van] (Other
spellings: Iefan, Jefan) īfa [ˡi·va]
(sentence substitute) 1/ isn’t that right? isn’t that so? (= ai ef [ˡaɪ e:v]); 2/
(interrogative particle) isn’t it (x) (which is / was, etc) (= ai [aɪ]); Also iāfa (Other
spellings: ifa)
(Other
spellings: ifad) Iforiad Eisteddfod
Iforiaid Aber-dâr (probably in Gwentian ’Steddfod Ifori-id Aber-dɛ̄r’)
Held in 1876 ígnörans [ˡɪgnərans]
(nm) ignorance (= anwybodaeth
[anˡuibo·daɪθ) (Other
spellings: ignorans) ī gȳd [i: ˡgi:d] (adv)
all (= i gyd [i: ˡgi:d]) An example of its use
in a nickname (equivalent to Ddwywaith
= twice) is when a forename and surname are the same. Thus Jenkin Jenkins, or
Siencyn Siencyn as his name would have been in Welsh, a well-known
nineteenth-century minister, was known as Siencyn i Gyd (= all Siencyn). “Mae arnaf fi dri enw, Syr; yr un a fynoch ai Jenkin
Jenkins, Siencyn i Gyd, neu Siencyn Ddwywaith.” (= I have three names (‘there are on me three
names’), whichever you want – Jenkin Jenkins, All Siencyn or Siencyn Twice) (1803 (Llangyfelach) – 1886) Hanes
Unwaith Am Siencyn Ddwywaith; Sef Y Pethau Mwyaf Hynod Yn Ei Fywyd, Yn Nghyda
Rhai Traethodau, A Thalfyriadau O’i Bregethau, &c., &c.; Hefyd
Ychydig Awgrymiadau Am Minnesota, A’r Cymry A Wladychant Yno. (= a one-time
history of Siencyn Twice; namely the most remarkable things in his life, and
abridged versions of his sermons, etc etc; also descriptions of Minnesota,
and the Welsh people dwelling there). Jenkin Jenkins. 1873. Remsen, Efrog
Newydd. (= New York) www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_testunau/sion_prys_087_Siencyn
Ddwywaith_1872_090106_2667k.htm) (Other
spellings: i gyd, i_gyd) īlod [ˡi·lɔd] (nm) 1/
member 2/ member of a chapel (= aelod [ˡi·xɛl])
infrytol [ɪnˡvrətɔl] (adj)
unanimous (= unfrydol
[ɪnˡvrədɔl]) (BRYD =
mind), (UNFRYD = one mind) + (-OL adjectival suffix) > UNFRYDOL (>
Gwentian INFRYTOL) (Other
spellings: unfrytol, hunfrytol)
insylto [ˡɪnsəltɔ] (v)
insult (= sarhau
[sarˡhaɪ]) English
TO INSÚLT. (INSÝLT) + (-IO verbal suffix) > INSYLTIO > INSYLTO into [ˡɪntɔ] (v)
hint (= awgrymu [auˡgrəmɪ])
(Other
forms and spellings: Iou) Cf iolyn = fool, idiot, = a diminutive form of the forename Iorwerth (IOLO > IOL- + diminutive suffix -YN). Iōrath [ˡjo·raθ]
(nm) forename. See Iorwarth [ˡjɔrwɛrθ]) Iorwarth [ˡjɔrwarθ]
(nm) forename (= Iorwerth
[ˡjɔrwɛrθ]) As a
surname it is found as Iōrath [ˡjo·raθ]
(spelt Yorath in English) (IÔR =
lord) + soft mutation + (GWERTH = value, worth) īpo [ˡi·pɔ] (adv) past (= heibio [ˡhəɪbjɔ]) HĪRATH
> ĪRATH (HURT =
confused) + (verbal suffix -IO) > HURTIO > Gwentian HURTO > URTO
> IRTO Ishlaw’r-cōd [ˡɪʃlaur ˡko:d] (-) place
name (= Islaw’r-coed [ˡɪslaur ˡkɔɪd]) (‘below
the wood: (islaw = below) + (yr = the) + (coed = wood)) "BEDWELLTY, a parish in the lower division of
the hundred of Wentllooge, in the county of Monmouth, 7 miles to the W. of
Pont-y-pool. Newport is its post town. It is situated in a hilly district
between the river Rumney, on the W., and the Sirhowey on the E., and contains
the chapelries of Rhymney and Tredegar, the latter being now a market town,
and the hamlets of Ishlawrcoed,
Mamhole, and Uwchlawrcoed. The district is rich in iron and coal, and is the
seat of an extensive iron manufacture, giving employment to above 1,300
hands. Between 3,000 and 4,000 persons are engaged in the great ironworks and
collieries in the vicinity." The National Gazetteer of Great Britain and
Ireland (1868).
Before a
vowel: ishtag [ˡɪʃtag] mà
fa'n gwmws ishta'i frawd he’s just like his brother ishtag
wyt tī such as
you are ’r
ɛ̄n declyn balch ishtag wyt tī you cheeky old thing
(‘the old proud instrument / derogatory term for a person’)
Other
spellings: isht a, ishta (eithaf
does no cause soft mutation; i.e. adjectives in the superlative degree –
generally with -AF, and in this case as an adverb, before an adjective or
noun do not trigger any mutation) ītha dɛ̄
quite good ītha gwīr
quite true Iwco [ˡiukɔ] (nm)
Hugh (= Huwco [ˡhiukɔ]) (HUW =
Hugh) + (-CO diminutive suffix) > HUWCO (Gwentian UWCO (loss of initial H)
> IWCO = respelling with ‘i’ ) ond pīdwch īto
but don’t worry
bōb jac every one bōb jac ō nhw̄ every
single one of them 2/ (in nicknames for inhabitants of certain places) (= jac [ʤak])
jèlws [ˡjɛlʊs] (nm)
jealous (= cenfigennus
[kɛnvɪˡgɛnɪs] mà fà’n jèlws ẁtho chī he’s
jealous of you (Other
spellings: jelws) jist [jɪst] (adv)
almost (= bron
[brɔn] mà fà jist â mynd yn ry* ddiwiol ī
sgrifennu ī’r “Darian” he’s
almost become too godly to write for the “Darain” newspaper
(Other
spellings: jobyn) joino [ˡjoɪnɔ] (v)
join (= ymuno
â [əˡmi·nɔ a:]) l In standard Welsh there
is no symbol for a former ‘long l’ as doubling the ‘l’ gives ‘ll’ which
serves for another sound. In Catalan, a similar problem occurs – a gemiknated
‘l’ cannot be represented by ‘ll’ as the symbol ‘ll’ serves for another
sound. In Catalan the symbol ‘l·l’ is used to overcome this. In Welsh,
however, no symbol was devised as it only presents a probelm in southern
Welsh, where there exist half-long vowels in a penultimate syllable. In the
North such vowels are short. Here we
mark a vowel with a grave accent to show that the vowel is not half-long as
the ‘l’ was originally long. This: càlon
(= heart). Such
words might be native Welsh words, or borrowings from English. Native
words: càlon (= heart). From
English: jèlws [ˡjɛlʊs] From
English LAN’LORD < LANDLORD làf [lav] (nm)
lavatory, toilet (= toiled [ˡtɔɪlɛd]) Tsharli Cnai Lavz
(nickname) Charlie (of he) cleaning of toilets, Charlie who cleans toilets ‘Charlie
C’nau Lavs’ Llysenwau Pontardawe a'r Cylch (= nicknames of Pontardawe and the
neighbouring area)
http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cwmgors/Llysenwauponty.html ORIGIN:
English LAV, a shortening of LAVATORY (Other
spellings: laf) lẹdo [ˡle·dɔ] (v)
lead (= arwain [ˡarwaɪn]) (Other
spellings: ledo) leflan [ˡlevlan] (nf)
coal level (= lefel [ˡle·fɛl]) lefẹlydd# [lɛˡve·lɪð] (= lefelydd [lɛˡve·lɪð]) (Other
spellings: leflen) (Other
spellings: lladd) llaish [ɬaɪʃ] (nm)
voice (= llais [ɬaɪs]) PLURAL: lleisha / llisha [ˡɬəɪʃa, ˡɬi·ʃa] (= lleisiau [ˡɬəɪsja]) gita cryndod yn ī laish in a
shaky voice
(Other
spellings: llath) Llanfāchas [ɬanˡva·xas] (nf) place name (= Llanfaches [ɬanˡva·xɛs]) (in a a parish-register
entry for a marriage: 5 Nov 1745 Edward Morgan of ye parish of Lanvachas
[and] Elizth Morgan of ye parish of Lanishen) [though Llanishan with [a]
might be expected]
Llanfāpon [ɬanˡva·pɔn] (Other
spellings: Llanfigan) (Other
spellings: Llangatwg) Llanōfar [ɬanˡo·far] (f)
Gwentian form of Llanfyfyr [ɬanˡvəvɪr] (Other
spellings: Llansamlad, Llansamled) Llansamlat [ɬanˡsamlat] (f)
Gwentian form of Llansamlat [ɬanˡsamlɛt] (Other
spellings: Llanover, Llanovar, Llanofer) (Other
spellings: Llanshawal) Llantrisant [ɬanˡtrɪsant] (f) (= Llantrisant [ɬanˡtrɪsant); 1/
town in former Sir Forgannwg / Glamorganshire. Short name: Y Llan. 2/ village in former Sir
Fynwy / Monmouthshire. llaw [ɬau] (nf)
hand (= llaw [ɬau]) dīlo [ˡdi·lɔ] (pl) (=
dwylo [ˡduilɔ]) The plural is literally ‘two hand’, i.e. two
hands. (DWY = feminine form of DAU = two) + soft
mutation + (LLAW = hand) > DWYLAW > standard Welsh DWYLO. llawas [ˡɬauwas] (nf)
sleeve (= llawes [ˡɬauɛs]) llewys [ˡɬɛuɪs] (pl) (=
llewys [ˡɬɛuɪs]) a’i lewys weti torchi with his
sleeves rolled up (= wedi i torchi / standard: wedi eu torchi – after their
rolling) llechwan [ˡɬɛxwan] (nm)
bakestone, griddle; broad flat stone (= llechfaen [ˡɬɛxvan]) llechfeini# [ɬɛxˡvəɪnɪ] (pl) (=
llechfeini [ɬɛxˡvəɪnɪ]) bāra llechwan [ˡba·ra ˡɬɛxwan] griddle bread; bread baked on a griddle or bakestone (either with yeast or unleavened) (LLECH =
stone slab; bakestone; slte; writing-slate) + soft mutation + (MAEN = stone)
> LLECHFAEN > (Gwentian) LLECHFAN > LLECHWAN (showing the not
unusual change of v > w) llēd [ɬe:d] (adv)
fairly, quite (= lled [ˡɬe:d]) bōd yn llēd ddɛ̄ be
fairly good, be quite good llīti [ˡɬi·tɪ] (nm)
ash (= lludw [ˡɬi·dʊ]) (Other
forms and spellings: llutu, lludu) (Other
spellings: Lloegar, Loegar, Loigar, Lloeger, Loeger, Lloiger, Loiger) llygōtan [ɬəˡgo·tan]
(nf) mouse(= llygoden [ɬəˡgo·dɛn] llycod [ˡɬəkad] (m)
(= llygod [ˡɬəgɔd]) fel cɛ̄th yn watsho llygōtan like a
cat watching a mouse From
English LODGE lòlach [ˡlɔlax] (v) 1/
lounge around, loll about (= gorweddian [gɔrˡwɛðjan]) 2/ lòlach shà bother with, bother about
3/ (m) nonsense a rw lòlach felna a
nonsense like that (a rhyw lolach fel yna. The Cambrian 17-08-1900) From
English LOLL (LOL) + (verbal suffix -ACH) lowt [lout]
(nm) lout (= dihiryn
[dɪˡhi·rɪn]) lowts [louts]) (pl)
(= dihirod [dɪˡhi·rɔd] From
English LOUT lwc [ˡlʊk] (nf) luck (= lwc [ˡlʊk]) English LUCK [ˡlʊk], an older pronunciation
(and still current in Englih dialects), now [lʌk] (LWC =
luck) + (-US = adjectival suffix) > LWCUS (> Gwentian LWCIS)
(LWC = luck) + (-IO = verbal suffix) >
LWCIO (> Gwentian LWCO)
From
English LOOK-OUT (Other
spellings: lwc owt, lwc-owt, look-out)
emphatic: mɛ̄ [mɛ:] mà [ma] clipped form of dyma
= here’s (literally: ‘here you see’) (Other
spellings and forms: ma, ’ma) mà [ma] clipped form of yma
= here (Other
spellings and forms: ma, ‘ma)
mandral [ˡmandral] (nm)
miner’s pick (= mandrel [ˡmandrɛl]) mandral gwīlod [ˡgwi·lɔd] large
heavy pick (= mandrel
gwaelod [ˡmandrɛl
ˡgwəɪlɔd]) Māpon [ˡma:pɔn] (nm)
William Abraham (Cwmafan, 14 June 1842 – 14 May 1922), bardic name Gwilym
Mabon or Mabon – by this latter name he was universally known. Trade
unionist, Liberal/Labour politician, eisteddfodwr, tenor singer. Member of
Parliament (MP) for 35 years from 1885 to 1920. (= Mabon [ˡma·bɔn])
dy’ Mawrth wẹti’r Māpon (‘the
Tuesday after Mabon’s day’). (11 Ebrill 1895 / Tarian y Gweithiwr / ‘dydd
Mawrth wedi’r ‘Mabon’)
(delwedd
5944)
(delwedd
5970) Tarian y
Weithiwr. 8 Awst 1918. ...cwnad
prish. “Bachan, bachan, mynta Shoni, "ma'r hen goliars yna'n myn’d i gâl
cwnad prish yto. Fuo i yn u mitin nhw dydd Satwn dwetha yn Merthyr, a ma wedi
setlo fod dou swllt y bunt o gwnad i fod yto.” “A ma nhw'n siwr o'i gal a,”
mynta Wil, “oblecid mae Mapon gyta nhw yn y Parlament.” “Beth ti’n wilia,”
" medde Shoni, “beth sy gyta Mabon i neud yn y Parlament. Nid yno ma
nhw'n setlo pethach fel hyn. Ond wyt ti dim yn meddwl, Wil, fod yn llawn bryd
i ni gâl cwnad prish yn awr?" “Bryd! Oti'n.... Tarian y
Weithiwr. (= The Worker's Shield). 8 August 1918 ...pay
rise. "My friend, my friend,” said Shoni, "those bloomin’ colliers
are going to get another pay rise. I was in their meeting on Saturday in
Merthyr, and they’ve settled that a pay rise of two shillings in the pound is
due once more.” “And they're sure to get it,” said Will “because they have
Mapon / Mabon with them in the parliament.” “What are you talking about?”
said Shoni, "what's it got to do with Mabon in the Parlament?”That’s not
where things like that are settled. But don’t you think, Will, that it’s high
time for us to have a pay rise now?” “Time? yes...”
shà marca (‘tua
marcau’ = ‘towards the marks of’)
1/ (place) around 2/ (time) at around, at approximately
mashgal [ˡmaʃgal] (nm)
pod, shell (= masgl [ˡmasgal]) mashgla# [ˡmaʃgla] (pl) (=
masglau
[ˡmasglaɪ]) mashgal wī eggshell
From YMDDIHATRYD >
(YM’HATRYD) > YM’ATRYD > MATRYD. The standard form has the verbal
suffix -U; here the verbal suffix -YD is used. (YM- reflexive prefix = self)
+ soft mtuation + (DIHATRYD = undress). DIHATRYD is (DI- privative prefix) +
(HATRYD = to clothe, to attire). (HATR-) + (verbal suffix -YD). HATER is from
Middle English ATER (e.g. 1330 ‘with fair ater’ with fine clothing), equivalent to modern
English ATTIRE. From Norman French ATIRIER (= put in order; prepare, equip;
adorn, dress in fine clothes) (A- = Latin AD, preposition and prefix = to) +
(TIRE = order, row).
TIRE in modern English is TIER (= rank, level), probably from Old French
TIRER (= draw, pull). GPC notes MATRYD as a
south-western-Welsh form.
mɛ̄ [mɛ:]
(verb) is (= mae [maɪ]) (Other
forms and spellings: mæ,
mê) mɛ̄b [mɛ:b]
(nm) son (= mab [mab]) meibon [ˡməɪbɔn] (pl)
sons (= meibion [ˡməɪbɔn]) Also mībon [ˡmi·bɔn] = sons Llangātwg Fībon Āfal [ɬanˡga·tʊg ˡvi·bɔn ˡa·val]
village name (qv) (other spellings: meb, mêb, mibon, feibon,
fibon, vibon, veibon) mẹddw fawr steaming
drunk, stinking drunk, as drunk as a lord.
(delwedd
5791) David Edwards
(Feddw Mawr) was charged by P. C.
Melhuish with being drunk and riotous at Ynysgau. Fined 5s. and 2s. 6d.
costs, and allowed a week to pay. Daniel Murphy, charged with similar
offences by P. C. Cole, at Bute Terrace, Pontlottyn, Rhymney, was fined in a
similar amount and costs. meddwlwch
[mɛˡðu·lʊx],
fechgyn, am...
think, lads / my friends, about... (= meddwliwch [mɛˡðəljʊx]) meibon [ˡməɪbɔn] (pl)
sons (= meibion [ˡməɪbɔn]). See mA-Eb [mɛ:b]
= son (other spellings: mibon, feibon, fibon,
vibon, veibon) mẹlin [ˡme·lɪn] (nf)
mill (= melin
[ˡme·lɪn]) melīna [mɛˡli·na] (pl) (=
melinoedd
[mɛˡli·nɔɪð])
mɛ̄n [mɛ:n]
(adj) fine, small (= mân [ma:n]) mɛ̄n [mɛ:n]
(nm) 1/ stone 2/ standing stone (= maen [maɪn]) Rȳd-y-mɛ̄n [ˡri:d ə
ˡmain] (nf) place name (= Rhyd-y-maen [ˡhri:d ə ˡmain]) mɛ̄n [mɛ:n]
(adj) dine (0 in small particles) (= mân [ma:n]) torri’n fɛ̄n cut into small peices,
break into small pieces menta-nw [ˡmɛnta nʊ] they
say (= meddant
hwy [ˡme·ðant huɪ]) menyw [ˡmɛniu] (nf)
woman (= gwraig [gwraɪg]) menywod [mɛˡniuɔd] (pl)
(= gwragedd [ˡgwra·gɛð])) Also myniwod [məˡnɪwɔd]
roi’r gōla m**s turn off
the light
mībon [ˡmi·bɔn] (pl)
sons (= meibion [ˡməɪbɔn]). See mA-Eb [mɛ:b]
= son (other spellings: mibon, feibon, fibon,
vibon, veibon) mīl [mi:l] (nm)
thousand (= mil [mi:l]) mīlodd ar fīlodd ō....
thousands and thousands of..., thousands upon thousands of...
miwn bothtu fīnad a minute later (‘in about (a) minute’) (Other
spellings or forms: munad, muned, muneti, funad, funed, funeti, minad, finad,
mineti, fineti) mīnan [ˡmi·nan]
(pronoun) myself (= [fi] fy hun [ˡvi: və hi:n]) ī chī fel mīnan yn lico mynd
ī lan ī’r Star you like
me are fond of going up to teh Star (Inn) Also mwn
[m ] mōb [mlɛ:n]
(adv) forward (= ymlaen [əˡmlaɪn]) ym
mōb tw̄ll ā chornal in every nook and cranny, everywhere (‘in
every hole and corner’) (MOC, i.e.
English MOCK) + (verb suffix -AN, often indicating continuous activity)
(delwedd
5876) A Glossary
of Words and Phrases used in S. E. Worcestershire / Jesse Salisbury / 1893 Mock, v. to
imitate; to mimic mōdd [mo:ð] (m)
bald (= modd [mo:ð]) fel mā’r
gwītha’r mōdd
unfortunately (‘as is (the) worst (of) the manner / way / mode’)
montish [ˡmɔntɪʃ] (nm)
advantage (= mantais [ˡmantaɪs]) cymryd montish ar take
advantage of mōrwn [ˡmo·rʊn]) (nf) maid (= morwyn
[ˡmo·rʊin]) mosod [ˡmɔsɔd] (v)
attack (= ymosod [əˡmɔsɔd]) YMOSOD
(literally: ‘put oneself’) < (YM- reflexive prefix) + soft mutation +
(GOSOD = to put, place) mostwng [ˡmɔstʊŋ] (v)
submit (= ymostwng [əˡmɔstʊŋ]) YMOSTWNG
(literally: ‘lower oneself’) < (YM- reflexive prefix) + soft mutation +
(GOSTWNG = to lower)
(Other
spellings: moin, foin, foyn, mofyn, fofyn, mofin, fofin) YMOFYN
(literally: ‘ask oneself’) < (YM- reflexive prefix) + soft mutation +
(GOFYN = to ask). YMOFYN > MOFYN > MOYN (loss of medial [v]) mẁd
[mʊd] (nm)
mud (= llaid
[ɬaɪd]) From
English MUD mwstro [ˡmʊstrɔ] (v) 1/
get a move on, bestir oneself (= ymysgwyd [əˡməsgʊɪd]) Mwstrwch dīcyn! Get a
move on! Get a bit of a move on! (MWSTR) +
(-IO verbal sufix) > MWSTRIO > MWSTRO mwstwr [ˡmʊstʊr] (nm) 1/
noise; (= sŵn [su:n]) 2/
commotion, uproar (= cynnwrf [ˡkənʊrv]) Dewch ÿch mwstwr, boiz stop your
chatter, lads (‘leave your noise’) MWSTWR
< MWSTR< rom Middle English MUSTER, if not directly from Old French
MOUSTRE (= troop of soldiers < show of strength, exhibition) < the verb
MOSTRER (= to show) < Latin MŌNSTRĀRE (= to show), derived from
the noun MŌNSTRUM (= a portent; also the origin of the word MONSTER in
English). In the sense of ‘something shown, something exhibited’ the word has
passed into Dutch (MOUSIER) and German (MUSTER) meaning ‘sample, pattern’. mwyalch [ˡmuɪalx] (nf)
blackbird (Turdus merula) (= mwyalch [ˡmuɪalx], mwyalchen [muɪˡalxɛn]) mwyalchod [muɪˡalxɔd] (pl) (= mwyalchod [muɪˡalxɔd]) Llwynyfwyalch
place name, Llanilltud Faerdre ‘(the) grove (of) the blackbird’, blackbird
grove
|
.....
Sumbolau:
a A / æ Æ / e E / ɛ Ɛ / i I / o O / u U / w W / y Y /
MACRON: ā Ā / ǣ Ǣ /
ē Ē / ɛ̄ Ɛ̄ / ī
Ī /
ō Ō /
ū Ū /
w̄ W̄ / ȳ Ȳ /
MACRON + ACEN DDYRCHAFEDIG: Ā̀ ā̀ , Ḗ ḗ,
Ī́ ī́ , Ṓ ṓ , Ū́ ū́, (w),
Ȳ́ ȳ́
MACRON + ACEN DDISGYNEDIG: Ǟ ǟ , Ḕ ḕ, Ī̀
ī̀, Ṑ ṑ, Ū̀ ū̀, (w), Ȳ̀
ȳ̀
MACRON ISOD: A̱ a̱ , E̱ e̱ , I̱ i̱ , O̱
o̱, U̱ u̱, (w), Y̱ y̱
BREF:
ă Ă / ĕ Ĕ / ĭ Ĭ / ŏ Ŏ / ŭ Ŭ /
B5236: 
B5237: 
BREF GWRTHDRO ISOD: i̯,
u̯
CROMFACHAU: ⟨ ⟩
deiamwnt
ˡ ɑ ɑˑ aˑ a: / æ æ: / e eˑe: / ɛ ɛ: /
ɪ iˑ i: / ɔ oˑ o: / ʊ uˑ u: / ə / ʌ /
ẅ Ẅ / ẃ Ẃ / ẁ Ẁ / ŵ Ŵ /
ŷ Ŷ / ỳ Ỳ / ý Ý / ɥ
ˡ ð ɬ ŋ ʃ ʧ θ ʒ ʤ / aɪ ɔɪ
əɪ uɪ ɪʊ aʊ ɛʊ əʊ / £
ә ʌ ẃ ă ĕ ĭ
ŏ ŭ ẅ ẃ ẁ Ẁ ŵ ŷ ỳ
Ỳ
Hungarumlaut: A̋ a̋
U+1EA0 Ạ U+1EA1 ạ
U+1EB8 Ẹ U+1EB9 ẹ
U+1ECA Ị U+1ECB ị
U+1ECC Ọ U+1ECD ọ
U+1EE4 Ụ U+1EE5 ụ
U+1E88 Ẉ U+1E89 ẉ
U+1EF4 Ỵ U+1EF5 ỵ
g
yn 
aith
δ
δ
wikipedia, scriptsource. org
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Y TUDALEN HWN /THIS PAGE / AQUESTA PÀGINA:
www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/geiriadur-gwenhwyseg-saesneg_E_0237e.htm
---------------------------------------
Creuwyd / Created / Creada: 20-07-2017
Adolygiadau diweddaraf / Latest updates / Darreres actualitzacions: 07-10-2017
/ 20-07-2017
Delweddau / Imatges / Images:
Ffynhonnell
/ Font / Source:
|
Freefind. |
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