kimkat0241e Geiriadur Cymraeg (Gwenhwyseg)-Saesneg / Welsh (Gwentian dialect) – English Dictionary.

16-02-2018

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Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia La Web de Catalunya i Gal·les Geiriadur Cymraeg (Gwenhwyseg) - Saesneg Welsh (Gwentian dialect) - English Dictionary s - z AR Y GWEILL GENNYM – Y MAE GWALLAU HEB EU CYWIRO UNDER CONSTRUCTION – THERE ARE UNCORRECTED ERRORS Y Llyfr Ymwelwyr / El Llibre de Visitants / The Guestbook: http://pub5.bravenet.com/guestbook/391211408/ Beth sy’n newydd yn y wefan hon? What’s new in this website? Què hi ha de nou en aquesta web?

(delwedd 7282)

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(delwedd 5781)
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The main purpose of this dictionary is to give an approximation of ‘Gwentian’ Welsh (the Welsh of the former counties of Sir Forgannwg / Glamorganshire and Sir Fynwy / Monmouthshire) which might serve to read texts written in the dialect.
Prif amcan y geiriadur hwn yw rhoi fraslun neu amlinelliad o’r Wenhwyseg (Cymraeg hen siroedd Morgannwg and Mynwy) a all fod o fudd wrth ddarllen ysgrifau yn y dafodiaith honno.

Here is a list of material in Gwentian or about Gwentian on this website : Dyma restr o ddeunydd yn y dafodiaith neu sydd yn ymwneud â hi:
kimkat1094e www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_llyfrau-yn-y-wefan-hon_mynegai_0194e.htm

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s [s] (conj) reduction of òs, ÿs (= if)
s galla-nw if they can

s [s] (verb) reduction of nìd oes / does / dōs
sfawr ō... there are not many...
(also spelt sfowr)

snēb there’s nobody...

sdim there isn’t any...

sà [ˡsa] (v) 1/ reduction of tysa = if it were (= pe buasai [pe: bɪˡasaɪ]); 2/ reduction of bysa = if would be

(= buasai [bɪˡasaɪ]);

sà ynny’n bosib if that were possible

sac [sak] (nm) sack = dismissal (= sac [sak])

cɛ̄l y sac get the sack, be sacked, be dismissed (from a job)

roi’r sac i (rw̄in) give the sack to, dismiss (someone) from a job, sack (someone) from a job

saco [ˡsakɔ] (v) 1/ thrust, shove (= gwthio [ˡgʊθjɔ]) 2/ sack = dismiss (from a job) (= diswyddo [dɪˡsʊɪðɔ])

English TO SACK (SAC) + (-IO verbal suffix) > SACIO > SACO

sàch [sax] (conj) although (= er [ɛr]) See serch

sāff [sāf] (adj) 1/ safe; 2/ certain, sure. See sɛ̄ff [sɛ:f]

Sais [saɪs] (nm) 1/ Englishman 2/ Welshman who speaks English, English-speaker (= Sais [saɪs])
Seison [ˡsəɪsɔn] (pl) (= Saeson [ˡsəɪsɔn])

Dyw a fawr o Sais he doesn’t speak much English (‘he’s not much of an English-speaker’)

sand [sand] (nm) sand (= tywod [ˡtəwɔd]).

Also swnd.

twmpyn sand a mound of sand

From English SAND.

SWND: In certain English words -an- > -on- in western (especially midland) England (man /mon, bank/bonk, etc). And in Welsh o > w in certain words from English e.g. FORD > ffordd/ffwrdd). Thus SAND > SOND > Welsh SOND > SWND.

sār [sa:r] > sɛ̄r [sɛ:r]

sarfo [ˡsarvɔ] (verb) serve (= gweini [ˡgwəɪnɪ])

From English SARVE [sarv], an ‘[ar]’ variant of SERVE [sɛrv], nowadays [sɜːv]

sarjant [ˡsarʤant] (nm) sergeant (= rhingyll [ˡhriŋɪɬ])

sarjants [ˡsarʤants] (pl) (nm) sergeant (= rhingylliaid [hriˡŋɪɬjaɪd])

Sasnag [ˡsasnag] (nf) English (= Saesneg [ˡsəɪsnɛg]). See Seisnag

sāth [sa:θ] > sɛ̄th [sɛ:θ]

sawdwl [ˡsaʊdʊl] (nf) heel (= sawdl [ˡsaʊdʊl] (nm))
sodla [ˡsɔdla] (pl) heels (= sodlau [ˡsɔdlaɪ])

sbɛ̄r [ˡsbɛ:r] (adj) spare (= sbàr [sba:r])

pè bysa gen i amsar yn sbɛ̄r if I had time to spare

sbarcyn [ˡsbarkɪn] (nm) lad, fellow (= bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn] (nm))

sbe*co [ˡsbe·kɔ] (v) order (goods from a shop) (= archebu [arˡxe·bɪ])

o*dd à we*ti spe*co rwm i* fi* yn y Pymp Hows yn Llandrindod he’d booked a room for me in the Pump House in Llandrindod

From an earlier pronunciation of English SPEAK [spe:k], now [spi:k]; cf Middle English SPĒKEN FOR (= ask for)

(Other forms and spellings: speco, spêco, sbeco, sbêco)

sbel [sbɛl] (nf) spell, short period of time (= ysbaid [ˡəsbaɪd], sbel [sbɛl])
am sbel fɛ̄ch for a short while
From English SPELL

sbèlo [ˡsbɛlɔ] (v) spell (= sillafu [srˡ ɬa·vɪ])

From English SPELL

(Other spellings: sbelo, spelo)

sbio [ˡsbi·ɔ] (v) look (= edrych [ˡɛdrɪx])

From an earlier pronunciation of English SPY [spi:], now [spai].

sbi*tsh [sbi:ʧ] (v) speech (= araith [ˡa·raɪθ])

sbi*tshiz [ˡsbi:ʧɪz] (= areithiau [aˡrəɪθjaɪ])

sbō [sbo:] (sentence substitute) I suppose (= mae’n debyg gennyf [xxx])
Also: sbō gin i..., ysbō

Reduction of SBŌSO (= [I] suppose), from the English verb S’POSE, i.e. SUPPOSE

(Other spellings: sbo, sbô, spo, spô)

sbonio [ˡsbɔnjɔ] (v) explain (= esbonio [ˡɛsbɔnjɔ])

sbràg [sbrag] (eg) (1) sprag = block of wood put through the spokes of a wheel of a coal tub to brake it; (2) sprag = pit prop (= sbrag [sbrag])
sbràgz, sbràca# [sbragz, ˡsbraka] (pl) sprags (= sbragiau [ˡsbragjaɪ])

(Other forms and spellings: sbrag, sprag, sprags, sbrags)

sbrìcan [ˡsbrɪkan] (nf) nail (= hoelen [ˡhoilɛn])
sbrìgz [ˡsbrɪgz] (= hoelion [ˡhoiljɔn])

secrat [ˡsɛkrat] (nm) secret (= cyfrinach [kəvˡri·nach])
secrats [ˡsɛkrats] (pl) secrets (= cyfrinachau [kəvrɪˡna·chaɪ])
gw̄pod y secrat to know the secret
From English SECRET

sdim [sdɪm] (v) there is not (= nìd oes dim [nɪd ɔɪs ˡdɪm])
NOTE: (1) The first syllable, which is unstressed, drops away in colloquial Welsh > does dim. Since in the South oes > ōs – that is, the diphthong [oi] in a monosyllable generally becomes a long vowel [o:] – we have dōs dim.
(2) There can be a further reduction with the loss of the second syllable, also unstressed. 
dōs dim > ōs dim > sdim
sdim īsha ī tī lēfan felna, bāchan! (nid oes [dim] eisiau iti lefain fel yna, bachan!)
there’s no need for you to cry like that, my lad!
Also s’im [sɪm]

(Other spellings: stim, sim)

sɛ̄ff [sɛ:f] (adj) 1/ safe (= diogel [dɪˡo·gɛl]); 2/ certain, sure (= sicr [ˡsɪkɪr]) 3/ ?certain of one’s facts

yn sɛ̄f ī tī take it from me; there’s no doubt about it at all (‘certainly to you’)

sɛ̄f! (after an assertion) there can be no doubt about it
fel óstritshiz yn cwato ī penna ā chrēti ī bōd nẁ’n sɛ̄ff. (from Y Twll Cloi, Glynfab, 1919. Page 39.: fel ostriches yn cwatto'u penna, a chretu i bod nẁ’n sâff.)

sēfyll [ˡsevɪɬ] (v) stand (= sefyll [ˡsevɪɬ])

sēfyll ÿch tīr stand your ground, refuse to yield, refuse to budge

segīra [sɛˡgi·ra] (v) loaf around, idle, hang about (= sefyllian [sɛˡvəɬjan], segura [sɛˡgi·ra])

(SEGUR = idle, unoocupies) + (-A verbal suffix) > SEGURA (> Gwentian SEGIRA)

seino [ˡsəɪnɔ] (v) to sign (= arwyddo [ˡarwi·ðɔ])

Also: sino [ˡsi·nɔ]

Seisnag [ˡsəɪsnag] 1/ (nf) English (= the English language) 2/ (adj) English (relating to the language) (= Saesneg [ˡsəɪsnɛg])

Also: 1/ Sisnag [ˡsɪsnag], 2/ Sysnag [ˡsəsnag], 3/ Sasnag [ˡsasnag]

wilia Sisnag speak English

Cewch chī wilia faint ā fynnoch ō’r ēn Sisnag ’na mɛ̄s ar yr ewl, ond rwng y ddou ddrws ’ma dōs dim ī fōd ond yr ēn Gymrɛ̄g (adapted from Y Darian 17 Mai 1917)

You can speak as much as you want of that bloody (‘that old’) English out on the street, but between these two doors (.ie. in this house, between the back door and the front door) there’s to be only the dear (‘the old’) Welsh language

Seisnas [ˡsəɪsnas] (nf) Englishwoman (= Saesnes [ˡsəɪsnɛs])
Seisnesa [səɪˡsnɛsa] (pl) (= Seisnesau [səɪˡsnɛsaɪ])

Also: Sisnas [ˡsɪsnas], Sisnesa# [sɪˡsnɛsa]

seitha [ˡsəɪθa] (pl) (= arrows). See sɛ̄th (= arrow)

sentans [ˡsɛntans] (nf) sentence (= decision by a judge) (= dedfryd [ˡdɛdvrɪd] (nf))

paso sentans ar ddȳn ī gɛ̄l ī grōci sentence a man to be hanged (‘pass (a) sentence on (a) man to get his hanging’)
From English SENTENCE

sɛ̄r [sɛ:r] (nm) carpenter (= saer [saɪr])
sīri [ˡsi:rɪ] (= seiri [ˡsəɪrɪ])

serch (conj) although (= er [ɛr])

Also sàch [sax], shàch [ʃax]

Sèth [sɛθ] (nm) male name (= Seth [sɛθ])

sɛ̄th [sɛ:θ] (nf) arrow (= saeth [saɪθ])
seitha [ˡsəɪθa] (pl) (= saethau [ˡsəɪθaɪ])
Also sītha [ˡsi·θa]

sɛ̄th yr oil. Saeth yr Haul - Sunbeams, also reflection from a bright surface. Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.
NOTES: 
(1) In the South ae [ai] > ā [a:] in monosyllables. 
(2) In the south-east ā [a:] > ɛ̄ [ɛ:]. 

sgalda*ni [sgalda*nɪ] (v) scald (= sgaldio [ˡsgaldjɔ])
English SCALD in its older pronunciation [skald], now [sko:ld]

sgant [ˡsgant] (adj) scarce (= prìn [prɪn])

bōd sgant yn... scarcely, hardly (+ verb)

ōn ī sgant yn ī nāpod ī I scarcely recognised her
mà arian yn sgant money’s scant

From English SCANT

sgêm [sge:m] (nf) scheme, plan (= cynllun [ˡkənɪn])
sgêma#, sgêmz [ske·ma, sge:mz] (pl) (= cynlluniau [əsgɪˡbɔrjaɪ])

sgentan [ˡsgɛntan] (v) spy, pry (= busnesa [ˡbɪsnɛsa])

sgentan bothti llē look around a place (and be up to no good), scout around a place, eye up a place, case a place, prowl around
Origin unknown

The word appears in the Cyneirlyfr by Edward Williams to define ‘Chwiwbigo’ and ‘Chwiwian’

(delwedd 5923)

Chwiwbigo, b. w. ysgenta neu ladrata

Chwiwan, b. w. ysgentan, rhodresa neu wylltio, neu grwydro am ladrad

Cyneirlyfr: neu, Eiriadur Cymraeg. Edward Williams (Bardd Glas Morganwg.) 1826

Chwiwbigo, b. w. prowl around or steal

Chwiwan, b. w. prowl around, flaunt or get angry, or wander around in order to steal

Cyneirlyfr (= etymological disctionary): neu, Eiriadur Cymraeg (= or a Welsh Dictionary). Edward Williams (Bardd Glas Morganwg.) (= the blue / blue-robed? / young? bard of Glamorgan) 1826

sgìli [ˡsgɪlɪ] (nm) skilly = bread and water (= sgili [ˡsgɪlɪ])

sgīpor [ˡsgi·pɔr] (nm) barn (= ysgubor [ˡsgi·bɔr])
sgiporia [skɪˡpo·rja] (pl) (= ysguboriau [əsgɪˡbɔrjaɪ])
Also sgypor [ˡsgəpɔr]

Sgīpor-wen# [ˡsgi·pɔr ˡwɛn] (probable local form of the name; subject to confirmation; the short name for the house would seem to suggest it). House name, Aber-dâr.

In 1850 the Ysgubor-wen coal level at Aber-dâr was opened by Samuel Thomas. He built Ysguborwen House between 1852 and 1885, and here his son David Alfred Thomas (later Viscount Rhondda) was born in 1856. In 1976 it became a short-lived hotel; today it is a nursing home.

Locally known in English as ‘the Skip’.

sgīthan [ˡsgi·θan] (nf) 1/ (old meaning) stock dove Columba oenas 2/ (modern meaning) wood pigeon Columba palumbus 3/ unpleasant woman (= ysguthan [əˡsgi·θan])
sgithanod [ˡsgɪθa·nɔd] (pl) (= ysguthanod [əˡsgɪθa·nɔd])
Also: sgythan [ˡsgəθan]

sgitsha [ˡsgɪʧa] (pl) (= shoes). See esgid (= shoe)
shop sgitsha shoe shop

A schematic explanation of the plural form (though this is not necessarily the precise evolution of the word): ESGIDIAU [ɛˡsgɪdjaɪ] > ESGIDIE [ɛˡsgɪdjɛ] (> YSGIDIE [əˡsgɪdjɛ]) > SGIDIE [ˡsgɪdjɛ] > SGIDJE [ˡsgɪʤɛ] > SGITSHE [ˡsgɪʧɛ] (> Gwentian SGITSHA [ˡsgɪʧa]). Bangor (WVBD Fines-Clinton) notes SGIDJA [ˡsgɪʤa].

NOTES: (1) The loss of a first syllable is a common phenomenon in spoken Welsh. Here, the e- drops away esgidiau > sgidiau.

(2) In the south an [y-] at the beginning of the final syllable drops away, and the plural suffix -iau becomes -e, and in the south east –a.
However, this is not exactly the case here - the -i is present, and causes the palatalisation of the preceding -d, so we have (d+y) > (j), with devoicing > (ch)

The only other word showing this development is cydio [yn rhywbeth] (= get hold [of something]) which becomes citsho [yn rw̄path]

(delwedd 5906)

Y Gwladgarwr. SADWRN, HYDREF 15, 1859. EISIAU, TRI CHRYDD, yn gallu gweithio ysgydiau menywod, ysgydiau cryfion, a chosacks. Cant pris [sic; = bris] da am eu gwaith. Bydd

yn ofynol iddynt fod yn ddynion sobr. Ymofynir a Mr. David Morgan, Boot & Shoe Maker,

Cardiff-street, Aberdare.

Y Gwladgarwr (= the patriot). Saturday, October 15, 1859. Wanted. Three shoemakers able to make women's shoes, stout shoes and cossacks. They will be paid well (‘will have a good price’) for their work. It will be required of them to be sober men. Enquiries to Mr. David Morgan, Boot & Shoe Maker, Cardiff Street, Aberdare.

(Other forms and spellings: skitsha, scitsha, scitshia, scitcha, Dimetian sgidshe)

sgrēcan# [ˡsgre·kan] (v) strangle, wring the neck of (e.g. a hen) (= llindagu [ɬɪnˡda·gɪ])
From English dialect TO SCRAG = throttle, strangle. (Ffynhonnell: GPC. sgregan, sgrego)
Also sgrēco# [ˡsgre·kɔ]

sgwār [sgwa:r]. See sgwɛ̄r [sgwɛ:r]

sgwɛ̄r [sgwɛ:r] (nf) square (= street) (= sgwâr [sgwa:r])
From English SQUARE [skwa:r], nowadays [skweə]

sgyrfenni [skərˡvɛnɪ] write (= ysgrifennu [əsˡkrəvɛnɪ]

(Other spellings: sgyrfennu)

sh
1/ corresponds to si- [ʃ] in standard Welsh spelling: shop (standard siop, English: shop), Shɛ̄n (= Siân; English: Jane)

2/ corresponds to s [s] in standard Welsh, before or after i [i, i:] mīsh (= mis; English: month), disgwyl > dishgwl (= see)

3/ sometimes with y

anishtwth

bripshyn

4/ sometimes with u

dy Shil (dy Shul)

5/ sometimes there is no apparent cause for the palatalisation of [s]

Llansawel > Llanshawal,

masgl > mashgal

shā [ʃa:] (prep) towards (= tua [ˡti·a]; the dialect word spelt in standard orthography appears as sia [ʃa:] in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary [of Welsh])
mynd shā thrē to go home

shàch [ʃax] (conj) although (= er [ɛr]) See serch

shàfo [ˡʃavɔ] (v) shave (= eillio [ˡəɪɬjɔ])
From English SHAVE [ˡʃa:v], now [ˡʃeiv]

shāg at [ʃa:g ˡat] (prep) towards (= tuag at [ˡti·ag ˡat])
cērad shāg ato nī to walk towards us

shain [ʃaɪn] (nf) chain. See tshain.

Shān [ʃa:n] > Shɛ̄n [ʃɛ:n]

Shanco [ˡʃaŋkɔ] (nm) fond form of the name Shencyn (= Siencyn [ˡʃɛŋkɪn]
The real name of Lewsyn yr Haliwr was Lewsyn Shanco Lewis (b. 1794, Blaencadlan, Penderyn, Sir Frycheiniog / Breconshire; d. apparently 1847, Macleay River, Australia) (= ‘Lewis the Haulier’) (erroneously and inexplicably cited in later accounts as ‘Lewsyn yr Heliwr’ = the hunter).
His father’s English name was Jenkin Lewis.

In earlier Welsh this would have been Lewsyn ab Shanco ab Lewis (Lewis son of Jenkin son of Lewis).

An account by a contemporary in Tarian y Gweithiwr 28-05-1875 calls him ‘Lewsyn yr Haliwr’. (We might expect ‘Lewsyn ’r Aliar’ as a Gwentian spoken form, but there is no record of this)

shapo [ˡʃapɔ] (v) shape (= llunio [ˡɬɪnjɔ])

shāro [ˡʃa·rɔ] (v) share (= rhannu [ˡhranɪ])

shāro popath sȳ gento share everything he has

sharp [ʃarp] (nf) sharp (= siarp [ʃarp])
From English SHARP

shars [ʃars] (eb) charge = duty to be performed (= gorchwyl [ˡgɔrxuil])
sharsa [ˡʃarsa] (pl) (= gorchwylion [gɔrˡxuɪljɔn])

sharsan [ˡʃarsan] (eb) blow, impact (= ergyd [ˡɛrgɪd])
sharsa [ˡʃarsa] (pl) (= ergydion [ɛrˡgɪdjɔn])
(Welsh SIARS) + (-EN diminutive suffix) > SIARSEN > (Gwentian SHARSAN)

sharso [ˡʃarsɔ] (v) tell = command, instruct (= gorchymyn [gorˡxəmɪn])
yn [= fy] sharso fī ī fynd ī’r shop to tell me to go to the shop

mā fa wēdi'n sharso ī nā wēda ī ddim gair wrth nēb he’s told me not to say a word to anybody
From the noun shars (= charge) < English CHARGE

shaw [ʃaʊ] (nf) 1/ a great many 2/ very many people, crowds (= llawer [ˡɬaʊɛr])

shaw o* e*n gofion a lot of old memories

From English show, via a variant of the word; cf English mow [mou], which has a dialect or archaic pronunciation [mau].

shawns [ʃaʊns] (nf) chance (= siawns [ʃaʊns])

shei [ʃəɪ] (adj) shy (= swìl [swɪl])

From English SHY [ʃaɪ]

shein [ʃəɪn] (nm) shine (= disgleirdeb [dɪsˡgləɪrdɛb])

o*s fawr o* shein ar y sgitsha nà dà ti* those shoes of yopurs aren’t very shiny

From English SHINE

Shemsyn [ˡʃɛmsɪn] (nm) fond form of Shâms; Jim, Jimmy / Jimmie (= Iago [rˡa·gɔ])
(Other spellings: Siemsyn, Siemsin, Shemsin)

Shɛ̄n [ʃɛ:n] (nf) Jane (= Siân [ʃa:n])

Shēnad [ˡʃe·nad] (nf) Jennet, Janet (= Sioned [ˡʃo·nɛd])

shifft [ʃɪft] (nf) shift (= twrn [tʊrn], stem [stɛm], sifft [ʃɪft])
shifft ddȳdd day shift
shifft ddwetydd afternoon shift
shifft nōs night shift

shiglo [ˡʃɪglɔ] (v) shake (= siglo [ˡsɪglɔ])
shiglo llaw â shake hands with

shilcotsyn [ʃɪlˡkɔtsɪn] (nm) minnow (= silgotyn [ʃɪlˡgɔtɪn])
shilcots [ˡʃɪlkɔts] (pl) (= silcod [ˡsɪlkɔd])

shimpil [ˡʃɪmpɪl] (adj) foolish, idiotic. stupid (= ffôl [fo:l])
(Other spellings: shimpyl, simpl)

shimplo [ˡʃɪmplɔ] (v) belittle, speak slightingly of (= bychanu [bəˡxa·nɪ])
NOTE: Not in use in standard Welsh;. The standard form would be simplio, and is thus found in dictionaries (as in GPC - Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru)
See kimkat0928k / Ni’n Doi / page 57 

shincyn [ˡʃɪŋkɪn] (nm) ‘shincyn’; bread or toast in a bowl onto which hot water ot tea is poured, and to which butter is then added, and sugar or salt or pepper or nutmeg. (= shincyn [ˡʃɪŋkɪn])
Also: siencyn [ˡʃɛŋkɪn], and in west Glamorgan shincyn esmwth [ˡʃɪŋkɪn ˡɛsmʊθ])

From the personal name SIENCYN < English JENKIN.

c.1500 SIENCYN [ˡsjɛŋkɪn] > SIINCYN [ˡsjɪŋkɪn] > SHINCYN [ˡʃɪŋkɪn].

Shīr Bembro [ʃi:r ˡbɛmbrɔ]) (nf) the county of Penfro, Pembrokeshire (= Sir Benfro [ʃi:r ˡbɛnvrɔ])
Also: Shir Bemro [ʃi:r ˡbɛmrɔ])

(delw 5966)

Y Gwladgarwr / 12 Gorffennaf 1862

BRYNTROEDGAM, GER CWMAFO0N.—Damwain angeuol. — Boreu dydd Mawrth diweddaf, am 8 o'r gloch,

dygwyddodd damwain alarus yn ngwaith Drysiog, trwy i ddarn o dir gwympo ar ddyn ieuanc o'r enw David Jones, 19 oed,

mab i Thomas Jones, a adnabyddir wrth yr enw ‘Twm sir Bemro,' a' i ladd yn y man. Dymunir hysbysu fod ei dad

wedi myned oddi yma nos Lun diweddaf, ac nis gwyddom i ba le; ond yr ydym wedi clywed ei helynt, ei fod wedi

myned tua chymydogaeth Aberdar. Dymunir ar y rhai ag sydd yn ei adnabod i ddweyd wrtho mor gynted ag gwelont ef, o herwydd nid oes un perthynas arall iddo yma. Afanwyson.

The Gwladgarwr (= the patriot) / July 12, 1862

BRYNTROEDGAM, NEAR CWMAFON.- A fatal accident. - Last Tuesday morning, at 8 o'clock, a terrible accident occurred in the Drysiog pit, from a piece of clay falling onto a young man named David Jones, 19 yeras old, and the son of Thomas Jones, known by the name 'Twm sir Bemro,' (= Tom from Sir Benfro / Pembrokeshire) and he was killed on the spot. We wish to inform that his father went from here last Monday, and we do not know where; but we have heard the way he went (‘heard his way / course’), that he has gone towards the vicinity of Aber-dâr. We wish those who know him tell him as soon as they see him, because he has no other relation here. Afanwyson. (= ‘one of the people of Afan’).

Shīr Frychīnog [ʃi:r vrəˡxi·nɔg] (nf) the county of Brecon, Breconshire (= Sir Frycheiniog [ʃi:r vrəˡxəɪnjɔg])
Also Shīr Frycheinog [ʃi:r vrəˡxəɪnɔg]

Shīr Gɛ̄r [ʃi:r ˡgɛ:r] (nf) the county of Caerfyrddin, Carmarthenshire (= Sir Gaer [ʃi:r ˡga:r], short form of Sir Gaerfyrddin [ʃi:r gaɪrˡvərðɪn])

Shirowi [ʃɪˡrɔwɪ] (nf) river name and name of a district of Tredegar (Gwentian: Tredecar) (= Sirhywi [sɪrˡhəwɪ])

(delwedd 5947)

Y Celt. 15 Ionawr 1905. Rhif 1218. Cyf. XXIII.

IN YR UNDEB IN TREDEGÅR.

GAN J. D. J.

Cododd y llanw yn uchel iawn dydd Iau yn yr holl gyleh. Ni chawsom ond dau gyfarfod — Elfed a'r Cenadon, - a tra

byw ar y ddaear bydd y cyfarfodydd hyn yn aros yn gysegredig gan ein calon. Clywsom fod y cyfarfod nos Iau

yn Shirowi wedi troi yn Bentecost, ac fod y dyrfa wedi tori allan i ganu a gweddio mewn mwy nag un addoldy yn

y Cwm. O fendigedig Undeb! Bydded y dylanwad yn fendith i filoedd o ddynion, yn ogoniant i Dduw.

Y Celt (= the Celk). 15 January 1905. Number 1218. Volume XXIII.

IN THE UNION IN TREDEGAR. BY J. D. J.

The tide rose very high on Thursday in all the area. We held only two meetings - Elfed and the Missionaries, - and these meetings will remain sacred in our hearts while we live on this earth. We heard that the meeting on Thursday night had turned into a Pentecost and that the congregation had broken out in song and prayer (‘crowd had broken out to sing and pray’) in more than one chapel in the Valley. O blessed Union! May the influence be a blessing to thousands of people and glory to God.

shonc [ʃɔŋk] (adj) lively (= sionc [ʃɔŋk])

Origin unknown

Shōn [ʃo:n] (nm) John (=Siôn [ʃo:n]; Ifan, Ieuan, Ioan)

From English JOHN [ʤo:n], now with a short vowel [ʤɔn]

Shōni [ˡʃo·nɪ] (nm) 1/ Johnnie (= Sioni; Siôn [ˡʃo·nɪ, ʃo:n]) 2/ (= Shōni-oi) collier (derogatory term)

NOTE: A pejorative term for the colliers from the Glamorgan uplands used (formerly) in the English of the south-east is a SHONNY [ˡʃɔnɪ], plural SHONNIES [ˡʃɔnɪz]. For people in Caer-dydd / Cardiff, the people from the Valleys coming into the city to shop or to visit the pubs at the weekend were the “Shonnies from the hills / the ’ills”. Interestingly, there is an example of this expression used to refer to North Wales people, but probably the only instance of this ever having occurred – in an email on rootsweb dated Thursday, 30 January 2003, a Liverpool-Welsh woman, married to a Welshman from Caer-dydd, states ‘the Welsh people used to arrive on certain days by coach in Liverpool for shopping - my Welsh mother in law always referred to these Northern invaders as "The Shonnies from the hills".

Shōni-oi [ˡʃo·nɪ ˡɔɪ] (nm) Shonny Hoy, collier (derogatory term) (= Sioni hoi [ˡʃo·nɪ ˡhɔɪ])
Shōni-oiz [ˡʃo·nɪ ˡɔɪz] (pl) (= Sioni hois [ˡʃo·nɪ ˡhɔɪs])

(delwedd 5772)
The Gwentian dialect is / was disparagingly referred to in English by its speakers as ‘Shonny Hoi Welsh’ (e.g. Robert Minhinnick in Writing on the Edge: Interviews with Writers and Editors of Wales / David T. Lloyd / 1997 mentions it as ‘shony hoi Welsh’). It lost prestige in the first half of the 1900s and was felt to be inferior to other forms of spoken Welsh (the rural south-western and north-western dialects in particular, and the spoken standard Welsh of radio and television).

Welsh as a spoken language was actively discouraged in the school system, although paradoxically there might be Welsh lessons in some schools based on the literary language. This discouragement and the study of Welsh as a formal written language was not helpful to the language’s continued use and survival.

shop [ʃɔp] (nf) shop (= siop [ʃɔp])
shopa [ˡʃɔpa] (pl) shops (= siopau [ˡʃɔpaɪ])
shop sgitsha shoe shop
shop gwmpni, (pl) shopa cwmpni company shop (under the truck system, at the beginning of industrialisation, workers were forced to accept wages in kind, as commodities, or else a money substitute such as vouchers or tokens was paid which could be used only in a company-owned shop where the prices were higher than usual, the system thus worked to the employer’s advantage and effectively reduced the value of the wages paid to the employee).

short [ʃɔrt] (nf) sort (= math [ma:θ])

rw̄ short ō wīn some sort of wine,a kind of wine

(Other spellings: siort)

shoto [ˡʃɔtɔ] (v) to throw; to throw away (= taflu [ˡtavlɪ])
Not in use in standard Welsh; the standard form would be siotio, and is thus found in GPC - (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru)
shoto’i frīcha throw his arms about (kimkat0928k / Ni’n Doi / page 55 shotto’i freecha)

ORIGIN: Dialect English “to shot” (= to throw). 1/ Cf Middlesborough, northern England: Shot - To throw. “Can you shot those things in a box please?” Shot ‘em out - Throw them out. www. lovemiddlesbrough.com/visitor-info/smogtionary-slang-dictionary

2/ Cf also colloqiial English ‘get shot of’ = ‘get rid of’

(Other forms and spellings: shotto, sioto)

showdwr [ˡʃɔudʊr] (nm) soldier (= milwr [ˡmi·lʊr])
showdwrs [ˡʃɔudʊrz] (pl) (= milwyr [ˡmɪlwɪr])

shẁd [ʃʊd] (adv) how (= sut [sɪt])
shẁd ī chī ēddi? how are you today?
ishta [ˡɪʃta] (prep) like < yr īn shẁd â (= the same form as)


(delwedd 5594)
(How are you today? I’ve got better by using Gwilym Evan’s Quinine Bitters)
(Other spellings: siwd. shwd. shwt, siwt)

sicir [ˡsɪkɪr] (adj) sure (= sicr [ˡsɪkɪr])
on’ maē īn pēth yn sicir but one thing’s certain

sìlw [ˡsɪlʊ] (nm) observation, comment, remark (= sylw [ˡsilʊ])

silwi [ˡsɪlwi] (v) notice, observe (= sylwi [ˡsɪlwi])

sīlwch observe, note (imperative – second person plural)

Sīsnag [ˡsi·snag] (nf) English (= Saesneg [ˡsəɪsnɛg]). See Seisnag

sītha [ˡsi·θa] (pl) (= arrows). Gweler sɛ̄th (= arrow)

slāfo [ˡsla·vɔ] (v) to slave = work like a slave (= llafurio [ɬaˡvɪrjɔ])
ā ninna’n gorffod slāfo trw̄’n bywyd... and we are forced to slave all our lives...

slant [slant] (nf) slant = inclined mine entry to a seam (= slant [slant])

sliman [ˡslɪman] (nf) slim woman (= un denau [i:n ˡde·naɪ])
sliman ō fenyw skinny woman (“[a] slim-one [of ] [a] woman”)

(English SLIM) + (-EN feminine noun suffix) > SLIMEN (> Gwentian SLIMAN)

slimyn [ˡslɪmɪn] (nm) slim man (= un tenau [i:n ˡte·naɪ])
slimyn main skinny man (“[a] thin slim-one”)
See kimkat0928k / Ni’n Doi / page 57 
(English SLIM) + (-YN masculine noun suffix) > SLIMYN

slow [slou] (adj) alow (= araf [ˡa·rav])

bōd yn slow iawn be very slow
From English SLOW

smāla [ˡsmala] (adj) funny (= digrif [ˡdɪgrɪv], ysmāla [əˡsmala])

smart [smart] (adj) (1) smart = attractive; (= deniadol, [dɛnˡja·dɔl], smart [smart]); (2) smart = clever (= craff [kra:f], smart [smart])
From English SMART

smatig [ˡsmatɪg] (adj) 1/ asthmatic = suffering from asthma 2/ (coal mine) causing asthma (= asthmatig [asˡθmatɪg])

From English SMATICK < ASMATICK (= ASTHMATIC)

smwddo [ˡsmu·ðɔ] (v) iron (= stilo [ˡsti·lɔ], smwddio [ˡsmʊðjɔ] 2/ stroke (a cat, etc) (= anwesu [anˡwɛsɪ])

English SMOOTH. ?Smooth a cat’ is heard in Somerset and Devon, and also in the English of south-east Wales.

snêc [sne:k] (nm) sneak, creep (= llechgi [ˡɬɛxgɪ])
Snêcs Āber-dɛ̄r / Snêcs Bar-dɛ̄r nickname for Aber-dâr / Aberdare people (‘(the) sneaks (of) Aber-dâr’).
y Snêcs the people of Aber-dâr / Aberdare
Trē’r Snêcs Aber-dâr / Aberdare (‘(the) town (of) the sneaks’)
Dīnas y Snêcs Aber-dâr / Aberdare (‘(the) city (of) the sneaks’)
Ffair y Snêcs = Ffair Aber-dâr / Aberdare Fair (‘(the) fair (of) the sneaks’).

From English SNEAK [sneik], a variant pronunciation of what is now SNEAK [sniik].

This pronunciation is still to be found in Irish English, and latterly in many English dialects, though it is a fast-disappearing feature. (In western and southern dialects of English especially many dialect words retain the original [ei] pronunciation that has become [i:] in modern standard English.)

In standard English, there are vestiges of EA [ei] in STEAK [steik] and BREAK [breik].

Cf ‘strame’ [streim] as the pronunciation of ‘stream’ in the Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire, bordering on the Gwentian-speaking area. Here too clean [kli:n] is clane [klein], speak [spi:k] is spake [speik].

Cf sneak-up = cringing villain, creeping rascal (c. 1597 Henry IV Part 1 / Act III Scene iii Line 84 [Falstaff to Hostess] The Prince is ... a sneak-up [Quarto: sneakeup; Folio: sneak-cup]

A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialect Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’) notes quane (= queen), spake (= speak), strame (= stream), wake-lin (= weakling), whate (= wheat), whale (= wheel i.e. a haze around the moon)

The explanation for this nickname for Aber-dâr people might be the one given in 1915 in the weekly newspaper Y Darian:

(delwedd 5903)

Y Darian. 28 Hydref 1915.

(3) Snecs Aberdar. — Gelwid felly am eu bod yn arfer segura ar hyd yr heolydd, a chario clecs o fan i fan, ac yn creu ymryson rhwng y cymdogion.

‘Aberdare Sneaks’. They were called this because they were in the habit of hanging around the streets doing nothing, and carrying gossip from place to place, and sowing discord between neighbours.

(Other forms or spellings: snec, snêc, snake)

snortan [ˡsnɔrtan] (v) snort (= make a snorting noise) (= ffroeni [ˡfrɔɪnɪ])

snw̄byn [ˡsnu·bɪn] (nm) 1/ lump = large person or thing (= talp [talp]) 2/ punch on the nose; punch, blow (= ergyd [ˡɛrgɪd]) 3/ snub = rebuff, rejection, act of treating coldly or with disdain; slighting comment (= sen [sɛn])
snw̄byn ō grotyn a great lump of a boy, a large lump of a boy

English SNUB (= rebuke, reprimand) < SNUB (v) (= rebuke, reprove, chide, scold) < Old Scandinavian SNUBBA (= chide, scold), perhaps originally with the sense of ‘cut off’.

snw̄ffach [ˡsnu·fax] (v) sniffle (have a runny nose from a cold) (= sniffian [ˡsnɪfjan])

sodlo [ˡsɔdlɔ] (v) 1/ tread the heels of sb; 2/ (dog) snap at or bite the heels of a cow, horse, etc; 3/ follow closely at the heels of sb, be subservient to sb. (= sodlo [ˡsɔdlɔ])

Ci Sodlo - An underling. “Mae e'n folon bod yn gi sodlo i bawb." (He is willing to be un underling to everybody).
Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.

sofft [sɔft] (adj) soft (= meddal [ˡme·ðal])

English SOFT

sōg [so:g] (nm) dregs, residue; pigswill (= soeg [sɔɪg])

sö long [sə ˡlɔŋ] so long, goodbye, bye-bye, bye (= hwyl [huɪl])

English SO LONG

sop [sɔp] (nm) 1/ sop, bread soaked in milk or tea (= sop [sɔp]); 2/ bowl of bread and milk or bread and buttermilk (= bara llaeth [ˡba·ra ˡɬaɪθ]) 3/ (adj) sopping-wet

gwallt sop sopping-wet hair

bōd yn sop difērol be sopping wet

English SOP

sopan [ˡsɔpan] (nf) 1/ hussy; term of abuse for a woman (= maeden [ˡməɪdɛn])
sopennod [ˡsɔpɛnɔd] (pl) (= maedenod [məɪˡde·nɔd])

Probably from sopen (= straw bundle, bundle of straw). SOPEN > Gwentian SOPAN;

if not sop (= sop, bread soaked in milk or tea; stupid person) (SOP) + (diminutive suffix -EN) > SOPEN > Gwentian SOPAN

sōpor [ˡso·pɔr] (adj) 1/ sober (= sobr [ˡso·bɔr]); 2/ serious (= difrifol [dɪˡvri·vɔl]); 3/ sōpor ō... very (= iawn [jaʊn])

rw̄ ī wēti bōd yn sōpor ō fishi’n ddiwēddar I’ve been very busy lately

nīthir gwimad mōr sōpor â phāb with a serious look on his face (‘making a face as serious as a pope’)

sopri [ˡsɔprɪ] (v) 1/ (vi) sober up, become sober (= sobri [ˡsɔbrɪ]) 2/ (vt) make sober (= sobri [ˡsɔbrɪ]) 3/ (vt) put in a serious mood (= callio [ˡkaɬjɔ]) 4/ (vi) quieten down (= tawelu [taˡwe·lɪ]) 5/ (vt) quieten down (= tawelu [taˡwe·lɪ])

sopyn [ˡsɔpɪn] (nm) 1/ bundle (= bwndel [ˡbʊndɛl]; 2/ a great many (= llawer iawn [ˡɬa·wɛr ˡjaʊn])
sopyn dychrynllyd a great amount of people
sopyn digynnig a great amount of people

söseiati [səˡsəɪətɪ] (nf?) society (= cymdeithas [kəmˡdəɪθas])

stac [stak] (nm) factory chimney, stack (= simnai [ˡʃɪmnaɪ])
staca [ˡstaka] (pl) (= simneiau [ʃɪmˡnəɪaɪ])
English STACK (= tall chimney)

Stalfe*ra [stalfe·ra] (nf) local form of Ystalyfera (= Ystalyfera [əstaləfe·ra])

staplo [ˡstaplɔ] (v) stable = put (a horse) in a stable (= stablo [ˡstablɔ])

From (STABAL = stable) + (-O verb suffix) > STABLO

(Source: GPC)

starto [ˡstartɔ] (v) start (= dechrau [ˡdɛxraɪ], cychwyn [kəxˡwɪn], startio [ˡstartjɔ])
From English START

stɛ̄l [stɛ:l] (adj) (bread) stale (= hen [he:n] = old, henbob [ˡhɛnbɔb] = old-baked)

bāra dīcon stɛ̄l yw à it’s bread that’s quite stale

From English STALE [sta:l], now [steil]; probably from the proto-Germanic root *STA- (= to stand), found in the English words 1/ STAND,

2/ STALL This is cognate with German STALL (= stable), Greek STELE (= slab of stone), Latin STOLIDUS (originally = unmovable; later = stupid, foolish).

The Germanic root word is cognate with Latin STÂRE (= to stand), from which (via French) comes English STABLE (adjective = immovable; noun = building for a horse or horses)

(Other spellings: stâl, stêl, stal, stel)

stico [ˡstɪkɔ] (v) 1/ to stick (= glynu [ˡglənɪ]) 2/ to hurry (= brysio [ˡbrəʃɔ])

stico (pētha) yn ī gīlydd stick things together
sticwch ī gwplo (GPC) (imperative form) hurry up and finish

From English STICK

stimōcis [stɪˡmo·kɪs] (adj) (food) appetising; (person) having a good appetite; (work) causing one to be hungry (= stumogus [stɪˡmo·gɪs] (GPC))

stitsh ˡstɪʧ] (nm?) stich = the least bit (= mymryn [stɔrm])

stitshyz [ˡstɪʧɪz] (pl) (= mymrynnach [məmˡrənax])

ne*la'r i*n oho*nyn nẁ ddim stitsh o* waith byth onibai i* bo*d nẁ’n gorffod neither of them would do a stitch of work unless they were forced to

stiwt [stɪut] (nm?) institute (= glynu [ˡglənɪ]) 2/ hurry (= brysio [ˡbrəʃɔ]) institute

Popular name for Sefydliad y Glowyr Coed-duon / Blackwood Miners’ Institute, and other South Wales Miners’ Institutes.

From the English name ‘(The) Stute’, a clipped form of ‘Institute’. The same name in used in Sir y Flint / Flintshire for the Miners’ Institute in Rhosllannerchrugog.

stôl [sto:l] (nf) stall (= stondin [ˡstɔndɪn])
stôlz [sto:lz] (pl) stalls (= stondinau [stɔnˡdi·naɪ])
stôl lyfra bookstall
From English STALL from the proto-Germanic root *STA- (= to stand)

stop [stɔp] (nm) stop (= stop [stɔp])

roi stop ar bētha fel ’yn to put a stop to things like this (‘give / put a stop on....’)

From English STOP

stopo [ˡstɔpɔ] (v) stop (= stopio [ˡstɔpjɔ]; atal [ˡatal])

cɛ̄l ých stopo i weyd ých barn be stopped from voicing your opinion
(STOP) + (-IO verb suffix) > STOPIO > STOPO

stōrom [ˡsto·rɔm] (nf) storm (= storm [stɔrm])

stormydd [ˡstɔrmɪð] (pl) (= stormydd [ˡstɔrmɪð])

Strafellta [stɪaˡvɛɬta] (nf) village name (= Ystradfellte [əstɪadˡvɛɬtɛ])

streic [strəɪk] (nf) strike (= streic [strəɪk])
From English STRIKE

stresol [ˡstrɛsɔl] (adj) busy (= prysur [ˡprəsɪr])

English STRESS (STRES) + (-OL adjectival suffix)

stwmp [stʊmp] (nm) 1/ tree stump; 2/ bewilderment, perplexity (= stwmp [stʊmp])
mynd i stwmp become nonplussed, become bewildered, become perplexed

stwmpyn [ˡstʊmpɪn] (nm) 1/ tree stump; 2/ (Morgannwg) works manager or offical (= stwmpyn [ˡstʊmpɪn]) (GPC)

swagro [ˡswagrɔ] (v) swagger (= rhodresa [hroˡdrɛsa], ymddwyn yn rhodresgar [ˡəmðuin ən hroˡdrɛsgar])
From English SWAGGER; (SWAGR) + (-O verbal suffix) > SWAGRO

swît [swi:t] (adj) sweet (= melys [ˡmɛlɪs])

Swît Bar-dɛ̄r

English SWEET

swllt [sʊɬt] (nm) shilling (a coin worth twelve pence which was abolished with the introduction of decimal coinage in the English state in 1971) (= swllt [sʊɬt])

syllta [ˡsəɬta] (= sylltau [ˡsəɬtaɪ])

(Pembrokeshire swllte; a Gwentian form swllta might also be supposed.)

doi swllt two shillings

Welsh < British SOL’D- < Latin SOL’D- < SOLIDUS (= minted coin).

swta [ˡsʊta] (adj) abrupt
apad yn swta answer abruptly, give a curt answer

swffro [ˡsʊfrɔ] (v) suffer (= dioddef [dɪˡo·ðɛv], syffro [ˡsəfrɔ])
From English SUFFER (SWFFR) + (-O verbal suffix) > SYFFRO (> Gwentian SWFFRO)

swmp [sʊmp] (nm) sump = pool at the bottom of a mine working where water collects (and is pumped out from) (= swmp [sʊmp])
swmpa# [ˡsʊmpa] (pl) (= sympiau [ˡsəmpjaɪ])

swmp [sʊmp] (nm) substance = a good thickness, a good weight (= sylwedd [ˡsəlwɛð])

English SUM > Welsh SWM > SWMP (= SWM + extraneous -P)

swmpo [ˡsʊmpɔ] (v) handle to get an idea of the weight or thickness of something (= trafod â’r llaw [ˡtra·vɔd a:r ɬau])
From SWMP + (-IO verbal suffix) > SWMPIO (> Gwentian SWMPO)

swno [ˡsʊnɔ] (v) sound (= swnio [ˡsʊnjɔ])
swno fel brɛ̄n sound like a crow

sylcan [ˡsəlkan] (v) sulk (= sorri [ˡsɔrɪ], pwdu [ˡpu·dɪ])
From English SULK

swrddan [ˡsʊrðan] (nf) chatterbox (= baldorddwraig [balˡdɔrðwraɪg]) (GPC)

swrddyn [ˡsʊrðɪn] (nm) chatterbox (= baldorddwr [balˡdɔrðʊr])

sybstanshal [səbˡstanʃal] (adj) substantial (= sylweddol [sɪlˡwe·ðɔl])
From English SUBSTANTIAL

sylfan [ˡsəlvan] (nm) foundations of a house (= sylfaen [ˡsəlvaɪn])
Also silfan [ˡsəlvɪn]

Fē allwch weld rhai ō'r silfan cò nawr you can still see some of the foundations there (‘you can see some-ones of the

foundation yonder now’)

Sýmyrsets [ˡsəmərsɛts] (pl) ‘Somersets’, immigrant workers from the English county of Somerset (= gwy^r Gwlad yr Haf [ˡgwi:r ˡgwla:d ər ˡhav])

(Other possible forms and spellings: Somersets, Summersetts, Swmersets)

Sysnag [ˡsəsnag] (nf) English (= Saesneg [ˡsəisnɛg]). See Seisnag.

systífficat [səˡstɪfɪkat] (nf?) certificate (= tystysgrif [təstˡəsgriv]).

sythi [ˡsəθɪ] (v) 1/ stiffen; 2/be freezing; die of cold (= sythu [ˡsəθɪ])
rw̄ ī bron sythu I’m almost dead from the cold, I’m frozen stiff


(delwedd 5748)
Who in Mountain Ash has not heard of John and Will Bron Sythu, men who as boys, used to go to Davies the shop, on Darran Las, where Thomas is now, clothed in shreds and tatters to enjoy the genial heat of the bakehouse?

’ta [ta] (prep) with (= â [a:])

Origin: Reduced form of gyta, gita [ˡgəta, ˡgɪta]) (= with)

wī wēti bōd yn wilia 'ta fa I’ve been talking to him (‘with him’)

tà
See: tà prȳd [ta ˡpri:d] (conj) whenever

tāci [ˡta·kɪ] (v) 1/ (vt) choke; throttle, strangle 2/ (vi) choke (= tagu [ˡta·gɪ])

tāfarn [ˡta·varn] (nm) tavern (= tafarn [ˡta·varn])
tafarna [taˡvarna] (pl) taverns (= tafarn [taˡvarnaɪ])
Also tafan [ˡta·van]. Cf the loss of [r] Sadwrn > Sadwn > Satwn (= Saturday)
Also tyfarna [təˡvarna]

From Latin TABERNA (hut, shed > shop, inn, wineshop, tavern) > Brythonic > Welsh TAFARN. It has been suggested that Latin TABERNA is a dissimulated form of TRABERNA, and if so it would be a derivative of TRABS (= beam, piece of timber). TRABS is possibly related to Welsh TREF (= farm; town), and in the Germanic languages German DORF (= village), and English THORP(E) (found in English place names; = village).

Y Tafarna-bɛ̄ch [ə taˡvarna ˡbɛ:x] (nm) name of a village (= y Tafarnau-bach [ə taˡvarnaɪ ˡba:x])

tāfod [ˡta·vɔd] (nm) tongue (= tafod [ˡta·vɔd])
tafōta [taˡvo·ta] (pl) (= tafodau [taˡvo·daɪ]

tāfod y Sais the English language (‘(the) tongue (of) the Englishman’)

(Other forms or spellings: tafod, tafota, dafod, dafota, thafod, thafota, nafod, nafota)

tai [taɪ] (pl) houses (= tai [taɪ])
tai’r gwaith the company houses

Y Tai-bɛ̄ch [ə taɪ ˡbɛ:x] (nm) name of a village (= y Tai-bach) (= the little houses, the small houses)

Taibach. — The name signifies “small houses," so called from the four small thatched houses that some time stood at the bottom of the present Water-street. Handbook Of The Origin Of Place-Names Of Wales And Monmouthshire. Rev. Thomas Morgan. 1911.

tair [taɪr] (num f) three (= tair [taɪr])

tamad [ˡtamad] (nm) bit (= tamaid [ˡtamaɪd])

Mà milgi Moc mōr gwic â milgi Llew bōb tamad Morgan’s greyhound is every bit as fast as Llew’s

Also tamid [ˡtamɪd])

tampo [ˡtampɔ] (v) 1/ bounce (= adlamu [adˡlamɪ], bownsio [ˡbɔunsjɔ] 2/ move quickly (= brysio [ˡbrəʃjɔ], rhuthro [ˡhriθrɔ] 3/ be in a furious rage (= bod yn wyllt ulw [bo:d ən wɪɬt ˡi·lʊ])
tampo mwn natir drw̄g be furious, (South Wales English ‘be tamping’)

tamping = furious (‘25 English words and phrases you only hear in Wales’ /
Wales Online / 04-05-2014)

Origin: from English TAMP

tanllwth [ˡtanɬʊθ] (nm) bonfire (= tanllwyth [ˡtanɬuiθ])

tāno [ˡta·nɔ] (vt) fire (a gun) = cause a gun to shoot; (vi) (person, gun) to fire a shot (tastio [ˡtanjɔ])

tapo

Cf. TAP. vb. To sole and heel old shoes. (A Glossary Of Dialect And Archaic Words Used In The County Of Gloucester. 1890. John Drummond Robertson. Born Cuileann Ros, Siorrachd Pheairt, Alba (= Culross, Perthshire, Scotland) 02-02-1857. Died (77) 10-10-1934, Torbay, England. Edited By Lord Moreton (Henry Haughton Reynolds-Moreton) Born London 04-03-1857. Died (63) London 28-02-1920.)

taplas

Cf. TAPLASH. sb. Bad, small beer. [Hundred of Berkley] [Forest of Dean].“If it be TAPLASH, as you call it, it is of your own brewing, and is both the first and last running of your brains." Bishop Parker, cit. Latham. (A Glossary Of Dialect And Archaic Words Used In The County Of Gloucester. 1890. John Drummond Robertson. Born Cuileann Ros, Siorrachd Pheairt, Alba (= Culross, Perthshire, Scotland) 02-02-1857. Died (77) 10-10-1934, Torbay, England. Edited By Lord Moreton (Henry Haughton Reynolds-Moreton) Born London 04-03-1857. Died (63) London 28-02-1920.)

tà prȳd [ta ˡpri:d] (conj) whenever (= pryd bynnag [pri:d ˡbənag])

tastis [ˡtastɪs] (adj) (1) tasty (2) tasteful (= blasus [ˡblasɪs], tastus [ˡtastɪs])

tasto [ˡtastɔ] (v) taste (= blasu [ˡblasɪ], profi [ˡpro·vɪ], tastio [ˡtastjɔ])
mā ’wn yn tasto’n wēll nā’r nāll this one tastes better than the other one

Tawa [ˡtaua] (nf) river name (= Tawe [ˡtauɛ])
Byrtawa [bərˡtauɛ] (= Abertawe / Swansea)

tawal [ˡtaual] (adj) tranquil, quiet, calm (= tawel [ˡtauɛl])
cysgi’n dawal sleep calmly, sleep untroubled

tēg [te:g] (adj) fair (= teg [te:g])
wāra tēg, āchan! (“chwarae teg, fachan”) fair play, my friend! 

Rowch wa*ra te*g i*ddyn nw* be fair to them, treat them fairly ‘give fair play to them’

teid [təid] (nm) tide (= llanw [ˡɬa·nʊ])
wēti ī’r teid droi after the tide turned

teidi [ˡtəidɪ] (adj) 1/ neat, tidy (= trefnus [ˡdrɛvnɪs]) 2/ decent, respectable (= parchus [ˡparxɪs]); 3/ substantial, numerous (= sylweddol [sɪlˡwe·ðɔl])
Also tīdi [ˡti·dɪ]

From south-western dialects in the modern English perid.

Cf TIDY. adj. Honest, decent, respectable; also tolerable. [Common.] "Er be a TIDY, dacent ooman." “Pretty TIDY," pretty well. “A TIDY few," a fair quantity. (A Glossary Of Dialect And Archaic Words Used In The County Of Gloucester. 1890. John Drummond Robertson. Born Cuileann Ros, Siorrachd Pheairt, Alba (= Culross, Perthshire, Scotland) 02-02-1857. Died (77) 10-10-1934, Torbay, England. Edited By Lord Moreton (Henry Haughton Reynolds-Moreton) Born London 04-03-1857. Died (63) London 28-02-1920.)

temprans [ˡtɛmprans] (nm) 1/ temperance = total abstinence from alcoholic drinks (= dirwest [ˡdɪrwɛst]) 2/ temperance hotel = hotel where no alcoholic drinks are served (= gwesty dirwest [ˡgwɛstɪ ˡdɪrwɛst])
yn y temprans in the temperance hotel

Temprans [ˡtɛmprans] (nf) Temperance occurs as a female forename in the late 1700s and 1800s

e.g. Temperance Evans (female) (born about 1803 Dindyrn (English: Tintern)

Temperance Evans (female) (born 1827, Cas-gwent (English: Chepstow)

Temperance Williams, aged 19, of the Crown public-house, Abersychan, most deeply regretted. (Hereford Times / 27 Sep 1851)

Temperance Williams (female) / born 1869 / Trefddyn (English: Trevethin),

Temperance Williams (female) / born 1877 /Aberpennar (English: Mountain Ash)

(delwedd 5824)

Merthyr Times / 3 Medi 1897 INTEMPERATE “TEMPERANCE "—HIGH LIFE IN PENYDARREN Temperance Jones was summoned for using obscene language in Tramroad-side, Penydarren. — P. C. Wood gave evidence. Complaint was made to him and he heard her applying opprobious epithets to several neighbours. She had also been guilty of an assault. Her husband, Thomas Jones, was also summoned for a similar offence. He accosted P.C. Wood and said, "Look here you b---r [= bugger], what have you summoned my wife for?” He then went on to allude to certain women as “bl--- wh--- [= bloody whores].” Temperance and a friend of hers, Margaret Miggan, were also summoned for assaulting Mrs. Lloyd. Margaret Pendry and another woman gave evidence for complainant. Defendant did not strike her, but spat in her face. Mrs. Shepherd gave evidence for the defendant. For using bad language Thomas and Temperance Jones were fined 5s. [= five shillings] and costs or seven days. --- Another woman was summoned for using bad language in Bethesda-street. She admitted having called P. C. Lamb “a cow." — The Stipendiary said that the filthy language used by some of the women in Merthyr was simply disgusting, and he fined the defendant 5s. and costs.

tɛ̄n [tɛ:n] (nm) fire (= tân [ta:n])

tāna [ˡta·na] (pl) (= tanau [ˡta·naɪ])

tendar [ˡtɛndar] (adj) (meat) tender (= brau [braɪ])

tēpot [ˡte·pɔt] (nm) teapot (= tebot [ˡte·bɔt])

(TE = tea) + soft mutation + (POT = pot) > TEBOT > TEPOT, if not directly from English TAY POT

tēpyg [ˡte·pɪg] (adj) likely (= tebyg [ˡte·bɪg])

thenciw [ˡθɛŋkɪʊ] (sentence substitute) thank you (= diolch [ˡdi·ɔlx])

tī [ti:] (nm) side (= tu [ti:])

ticat [ˡtɪkat] (nm) ticket (= tocyn [ˡtɔkɪn])

cwnni ticat buy a ticket (‘lift a ticket’)

tīchan [ˡti·xan] (v) groan (= ochneidio [ɔxˡnəidjɔ]; pant; grunt (= rhochian [ˡhrɔxjan])

Probablysome derivatiove form of uchenaid [ɪˡxe·naid] (= sigh, groan), nowadays ochenaid; tuchan (> Gwentian spelling tichian)

Also: tychan [ˡtəxan]

ti*cyn [ˡti·kɪn] (nm) a little bit (= tipyn [ˡtɪpɪn])

o* di*cyn (with comparative adjective) much more..., much -er, by far
sofftach o* di*cyn much softer

ticyn bɛ̄ch a little bit; mbɛ̄ch a little bit (ticyn b- > ticym b- ti’m b- > m b-)

tīdi [ˡti·dɪ] (adj) tidy. See teidi [ˡtəidɪ])

tī fɛ̄s ī [ti: ˡvɛ:s i:] (prep) outside

tila [ˡtɪla] > tyla

tīlwr [ˡti·lʊr] (nm) tailor (= teiliwr [ˡtəɪljʊr])

timlo [ˡtɪmlɔ] (v) feel (= teimlo [ˡtəɪmlɔ])

tīr [ti:r] (nm) land (= tir [ti:r])
tīrodd [ˡti·rɔð] (pl) (= tramiau [ˡti·rɔið])

sēfyll ÿch tīr stand your ground, refuse to yield, refuse to budge

tītha [ˡti·θa] (pn) you too, you for your part (= tithau [ˡti·θaɪ])

tī wnt [ti: ˡʊnt i:] (adv) (used to qualify adjectives; follows the adjective)

Heard in ‘Wenglish’ as ‘beyond’ – she’s beyond annoying. In standard English this would suggest she is impossible to annoy.

tī wnt ī [ti: ˡʊnt i:] (adv) beyond (= tu hwnt i [ti: ˡhʊnt i:])
mā’r cw̄bwl tī wnt i'm amgyffrad i it’s all beyond my comprehension
tī wnt ī bōb dishgwilad beyond all expectation

tòff [ˡtɔf] (nm) toff = rich upper-class person; one who imitates the style of an upper-class person (dress, manners, speech) (= un o’r dosbarth uchel [i:n o:r ˡdɔsbarθ ˡi·xɛl])
From English TOFF, first noted in English in 1851 as lower-class slang; probably from Oxford University slang TUFT for a nobleman. The tuft was a gold tassel on the cap of an undergraduate student whose father was a peer of the realm and had a seat in the House of Lords.
‘Griff. H. y Toff’ / Llysenwau Pontardawe a'r Cylch (= nicknames of Pontardawe and the neighbouring area) http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cwmgors/Llysenwauponty.html
The initial H, which could be either for a second forename (e.g. Howell) or a surname (e.g. Harris, Howells, etc) is presumably to be read as ‘Griff Aitsh’, if not as English ‘Eitsh’ or ‘Heitsh’.

toman [ˡtɔman] (nf) heap, tip, dump (= tomen [ˡtɔmɛn])
tomennydd [tɔˡmɛnið] (pl) (= tomennydd [tɔˡmɛnið]
toman lō slag heap (so-called in English though not formed of slag), coal tip; = large mound of spoil (loose rock and mining waste). In the English of the Forest of Dean “Spwoil Yup” (spoil heap).

Y Tonna [ə ˡtɔna] (-) village by Aberdulais (= the grasslands) (= y Tonnau [ə ˡtɔnaɪ])

torth [tɔrθ] (nf) loaf (= torth [tɔrθ])
torthau [ˡtɔrθa] (pl) loaves (= torthau [ˡtɔrθaɪ])
NOTE: A typical south-eastern feature is final au in a final syllable > a. Hence the plural form tortha

tōs [to:s] (nm) dough (= toes [tɔɪs])

tost [tɔst] (adj) sick, ill (= tost [tɔst]; sâl [sa:l])

towli [ˡtoulɪ] (v) 1/ throw (= taflu [ˡtavlɪ]) 2/ hint (= lledawgrymu [ɬɛdauˡgrəmɪ])

towlu’ch unan go to the trouble (of doing something) (‘throw yourself’)

An [f] can become [w] in Welsh. And in the South the diphthong ‘aw’ [au] can become ‘ow’ [ou]. Thus TAFLU > TAWLU > TOWLU (here spelt as TOWLI]

Also tawli

town In grandiose names in English for streets of worker’s housing built by collier companies by their by coalmines.

Some (most?) of these names were translated into Welsh by their Welsh-speaking inhabitants, and have survived as alternatives to the ‘offical’ English name. The first element of such ‘town’ names was often the name of a coalowner.

Butetown (Y Drenewydd, Rhymni).

Carnetown.

Griffithstown.

Elliotstown.

Hopkinstown. Welsh form: Trehopcyn (Tarian Y Gweithiwr, 26 11 1908)

Matthewstown

Morganstown.

Phillipstown. After Nehemiah Phillips (1845-1929), a colliery manager and part-owner of the Powell Duffryn Steam Coal Company Ltd, and also a county councillor and a Baptist preacher. There is a Welsh form of this name: Treffilip.

Robertstown, Aber-dâr.

Tylorstown.

Tyntetown (‘Tin Town’)

Wattstown.

Williamstown (Tonypandy). Welsh form: Trewiliam.

tramcar [ˡtramkar] (nm) tramcar (= tram [tram])
tramcarz [ˡtramkarz] (pl) (= tramiau [ˡtramjaɪ])

traws [traus] (adj) harsh (= dig [di:g], dicllon [dɪkɬɔn])
1 harsh
gīra traws (= geiriau traws) harsh words
2 peevish, cross, easily annoyed, quick to anger
(Source: Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, tudalen 3561)

Treālo [tre·ˡa·lɔ] (nf) village name (= Trealaw [tre·ˡa·laʊ])

trē [tre:] (nf) 1/ house, home 2/ town (= tref [tre:v])
Welsh TREF is possibly related to Lithuanian TROBÁ (= house) and in the Germanic languages German DORF (= village), English THORP(E) (in place names, = village).

Treárn [tre·ˡarn] (-) forename and surname (= Trahaearn [tra·ˡhəɪarn]).
ORIGIN: Trahaearn is (TRA = (prefix) very, extremely, most, exceedingly) + (HAEARN = iron). In Gwentian, the triphthong AEA is reduced to the diphthong AE, hence haearn > haern. Another instance is gaeaf / gaef (= winter).

The personal name has been misunderstood as a place name (probably because the first vowel might be reduced to schwa – hence TRYHAEARN – and this was spelt as if a place name beginning with TREF / TRE (a homestead, a farmstead, a settlement).

The standard Welsh spelling for this local form is Treharn (or more accurately Trehárn, to indicate the unusual accentuation). In Gwentian, the [h] is lost, and thus we have Treárn. It has been ‘Englished’ by adding a final ‘e’ – Treharne.

A note on genealogy.com (June 12, 2001 at 12:59:54) gives an interesting example of the name:

Trearn Trearn was born 8 July 1820 at Merthyr Tydfill, Glamorgan, Wales. He and his wife Elizabeth Arthur (married November 23, 1840 at the Parish Church of Aberdare, Wales) came to the U.S. Their ship arrived 17 July 1841.Once in the U.S. Trearn changed his name to Treharne Jones Sr. Treharne and Elizabeth died in Lucas County, Iowa and is buried there as well. I would like to find out of Treharne or Elizabeth had any brothers or sisters. I’m also looking for more information on Treharne’s father John Treharne. Elizabeth’s father was Thomas Arthur and was a mason but I have no further information.

Treharne and Elizabeth had 8 children.They are:Anna (1846-1936), John T. (1849-1936), Thomas J. (1851-1927), Elizabeth (1853-1921), Treharne Jr. (1858-1891), Jennett (1860-1936), William Ellsworth (1862-1931), and David Lincoln (1865-1935).

I am looking for information on any of these people and their ancestors/descendants.

http://www.genealogy.com/forum/regional/countries/topics/wales/5805/

(Interestingly, in the above account, we see a traditional family forename used with a surname that had originally been a patronymic ending up in a double name; other examples abound in Wales, such as Morgan Morgan, Llewellyn Llewellyn, Howell Howell, Leyshon Leyshon, etc; in a patronymic system it is unlikely (though not impossible) for such names as Morgan ab Morgan, Llywelyn ab Llywelyn, Hywel ab Hywel, Lleision ab Lleision. It is at least the grandfather’s name which is being passed on (hence Morgan ab Gwilym ab Morgan, for example). Treran Trearn Englished his name by using ‘Treharne’ and apparently his father’s forename John as a surname Jones.)

(Other spellings: Trahaearn, Trearn, Treharn, Treharne)

Tredēcar [trɛˡde·kar] (nf) town name (= Tredegar [trɛˡde·gar])

Transferred name from Tredegar by Casnewydd / Newport.

Also in the clipped form Dēcar [ˡde·kar].

The name of the town is a shortened form of ‘Tredegar Iron Works’, i.e. the Iron Works on land belonging to the Tredegar Estate by Casnewydd / Newport.

(delwedd 5962)

(TREF = settlement) + soft mutation + (TEGYR forename, ‘fair king’) > TREDEGYR > TREDEGER > (Gwentian TREDEGAR > TREDECAR)

treilo [ˡtrəilɔ]) (v) spend (= treulio [ˡtrəiljɔ])
Also trīlo [ˡtri·lɔ]

treio [ˡtrəiɔ]) (v) try (= ceisio [ˡkrəiʃɔ])
Also trīo [ˡtri·lɔ]

From English TRY [trai] > (TREI) + (-IO verbal suffix) > TREIO

treisho [ˡtrəiʃɔ]) (v) overwork (= gorweithio [gɔrˡwəiθjɔ]) (GPC)
Also trīsho [ˡtri·ʃɔ]

trīsho’ch īnan overwork yourself

Standard Welsh TREISIO [ˡtrəiʃɔ] (= oppress, conquer) > Gwentian TREISHO / TRISHO

Trē-lyn [tre·ˡlɪn] (nf) village name; English name Fleur-de-lys (French = lily flower), formerly Flower de luce, though it seems that Tre-lyn was a part of Flower de luce (= Tre-lyn [tre·ˡlɪn])

(Delwedd 5959)

trēni [ˡtre·nɪ] (nm) pìty (= trueni [trɪˡe·nɪ])

(Other spellings: treni)

trī [tri:] (num m) three (= tri [tri:])

nī ÿn trī, nī’n trī we three (= ni ein tri)

tric [trɪk] (nm) trick (= tric [trɪk], ystryw [ˡəstrɪʊ])
tricia [ˡtrɪkja], tricsis [ˡtrɪksɪs] (pl) tricks (= triciau [ˡtrɪkjaɪ], ystrywiau [əˡstrɪʊjaɪ])

trīco [ˡtri·kɔ]) (v) die (= trigo [ˡtri·gɔ])

Y Trīdwr [ə ˡtri·dʊr] (nm) apparently a short name for Abertridwr (confluence of the three
streams) (Y Darian 29-06-1916)
(although one might expect this to be Yr Āpar, ’Rāpar; or Trītwr. See quote below.)



(delwedd 5615)

Y Darian. 20 Ebrill 1916. “Cefn Onn”. Mae'r golygfeydd yn amrywiol o'r fangre hon, ac yn ddiddorol iawn. Gellir canfod trigle eich gohebydd, “Dewi Aur." Yr oeddem flynyddau yn ol yn lled gyfarwydd ag ef. Y mae wedi treulio llawer o'i hamser ynghymdog aeth can a llen, ac wedi bod yn eisteddfodwr pybyr. Da gennym ei fod yn parhau mor selog dros gadwraeth ein hen iaith annwyl, ac nad yw'r awen wedi distewi yn hollol, a'i fod yn anfon ambell i bishin pedair lein (sef yr enw sydd gan “Dafydd y Crydd" ar englyn) pan yn gohebu i'r "Darian." Ond paham y geilw Dewi y lle "Y Tridwr” yn hytrach na rhoi iddo i hen enw, “Abertridwr." I'm tyb i mae hwn yn swnio yn fwy barddonol. Trueni mawr yw gadael i'r hen enwau fyned ar goll. Ni fydd pobl yr oes nesaf yn gwybod dim am danynt. Mae Cwm yr Aber yn gyfoethog mewn hen enwau swynol y dylid gwneud pob ymdrech i'w cadw mewn cof. Ceir yma y “Gwlaw-nant," “Beidy'r Wch," “Garth," "Craig yr Hufen”, etc. Clywais... (But why does Dewi call the place “Y Tridwr”

trīlo [ˡtri·lɔ] (v) spend. See treilo [ˡtrəilɔ]

trimwth [ˡtrɪmʊθ] (nm) vivid imagination. (= trumwedd [ˡtrɪmwɛð] = appearance, from, outline; ridge, hill; (trum = ridge, gwedd = appearance))

Trimwth - Vivid imagination.
Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.

trīo [ˡtri·ɔ] (v) try. See treio [ˡtrəiɔ]

trīn [tri:n] (v) 1/ treat; 2/ handle; 3/ discuss; 4/ run down, criticise (= trin [tri:n])
trīn tīcyn ar y beirniad to criticise (somewhat) the (eisteddfod) adjudicator (‘treat + a bit + on)

trīn matar y streic discuss the matter of the strike

tri*n y mandral work as a collier (‘handle the mandrel / pick’)

trip [trɪp] (nm) 1/ steep hill, rise (= rhiw [hriu]) 2/ road going up a steep hill (= rhiw [hriu], heol [he·ɔl])

ōdd a’n byw ar y trip sȳdd rint yr eclws a'r Bryn he lived on the hill between the church and (the house / farm called) Y Bryn

dod i lawr i’r trip come down the hill

dringad lan ī ben y trip climb up to the summit of the road

trō [tro:] (nm) 1/ turn 2/ time (= tro [tro:])

rw̄ drō ēb fōd yn īr sometime soon (‘some time without being long’)

trōd [tro:d] (nf) foot (= troed [trɔɪd]) (Note: masculine in North Wales, and generally in standard Welsh)
trād [tra:d] (pl) feet (= traed [traɪd])

īn drōd one foot

ī drōd wīth his left foot

ī thrōd ddē her right foot

roi’ch trōd lawr put your foot down (= be firm, insist)

ar ých trād ā’ch dīlo on all fours, on your hands and knees (“on your feet and hands”)

trotnoth [ˡtrɔtnɔθ] (adj) barefoot (= troednoeth [ˡtrɔɪdnɔɪθ])
cērad yn drotnoth walk barefoot (GPC)

trwmpyn [ˡtrʊmpɪn] (nm) good friend, firm friend, loyal friend (= cyfaill da [ˡkəvaɪɬ ˡda:])

Feminine form: trwmpan [ˡtrʊmpan] (= cyfeilles dda [kəˡvəɪɬɛs ˡða:])

trwmps [trʊmps] good friends (= cyfeillion da [kəˡvəɪɬjɔn ˡda:])

mà fē, ā fī, yn ddoi drwmpyn him and me are the best of friends

bōd yn drwmps be good friends

English TRUMP (= a fine person) < TRUMP (= name of a card game; card which is designated as one that outranks other cards in a card game) < 1500+ variant of TRIUMPH

Merriam-Webster Dictionary gives one definition of trump as ‘a dependable and exemplary person’

(delwedd 5935)

Tarian y Gweithiwr

27 Awst 1896.

"Y TRWMPYN."

Y mae yn bleser genyf hysbysu darllenwyr y DARIAN am y llyfr uchod. Dyma lyfr newydd spon, gan awdwr poblogaidd, sef “Bachan Ifanc y DARIAN." Dyma'r Trwmpyn goreu yn y deyrnas. Od oes ar neb eisieu meddyginiaeth at wella anhwylderau megys Diffyg Treuliad, Iselder ysbryd, Poen yn y Cefn, salwch, Cur yn y Pen, a Phrudd-ddaragoniadau, &c., pryned y "Trwmpyn," pris tair ceiniog, ac fe geir rhywbeth a fydd o les mawr. Yn hwn, ceir gweled y Bachan Ifanc yn ei ddillad goreu, fel
arfer, fel efe ei hunan, yn difyru difyrwch. Os am bartnar piwr, pryner y “Trwmpyn," ac ni bydd neb yn edifar o'i blegyd. Y mae yn ddoniol wedi'r dydd gole.

Chwi ferched a bechgyn,
O! prynwch y 'Trwmpyn,'
Mae'n hynod ddifyrus;
Ceir ynddo bethau blasus,
I fyn'd yn mlaen yn hwylus,
Yn nghwni'r [sic; = nghwmni’r] ‘litl biwtis,’
A hyny yn gwmfforddus,
Doniol a champus.

‘O'r Gwyn ag e,' medd bechgyn,
Wrth ddarllen llyfr ‘Trwmpyn,'
Gan beri iddynt chwerthin
Am 'litl biwtis:’
Medd Wil, a Dai, a Shoni:
‘Wel, dyma hi yn deidy,
’Rwy'n foddlon myn'd i garu
Gan litl biwtis.'

Gobeithio yr ä wrth y canoedd. Dangoswn ein hunain yn drwmps i r "Trwmpyn.”

JOHN JUDGE.

Tarian y Gweithiwr (‘The Shield of the Workman’)

27 August 1896

"Y TRWMPYN." (the good friend)

I am delighted to inform readers of Y Darian about the aforementioned book. This is a brand new book, by a popular author, namely "Bachan Ifanc y Darian." (= the Y Darian columnist ‘Bachan Ifanc’ = young lad). This is the best Trwmpyn (good friend) in the kingdom. If anyone requires medication to cure their complaints like Indigestion, Low Spirits, Depression, Back Pain, Sickness, Headache, and ill forebodings, etc., let them buy the "Trwmpyn," price three pence, and they’ll have something that will be of great benefit . In it the Bachan Ifanc can be seen in his best clothes, as always, true to form (‘as he himself’), entertaining with amusement (‘entertaining amusement’). If you want a true companion, buy the "Trwmpyn," (‘good friend’) and no one will regret doing so (‘will be regretful because of it’. It's fun to read at the end of the day (‘it’s funny after daylight’).

Ye women and boys,

Oh! buy the 'Trwmpyn,'

It's really entertaining;

It contains enjoyable (‘tasty’) things,

To go ahead easily,

In the company of the ‘little beauties’

And it’s coinspiring / encouraging (‘comfortable’)

Funny and excellent.

Good old Gwyn (‘From the Gwyn with him’)

(the author is Myfyr Wyn, pen-name of William Williams, born Twyn-star, Tredegar 1849, died Aber-dâr 1900); Myfyr = saint’s name, as in Llanfyfyr (anglicised as Llanover) sas boys,

When reading the book 'Trwmpyn,'

Making them laugh

The ‘little beauties’.

Wil, Dai, and Shoni say:

'Well, it’s neatly explained (‘here it is tidy’),

'I'm ready to go courting

Little beauties. '

I hope goes (= sells) by the hundred. Let us show ourselves to be firm friends of the "Trwmpyn."

JOHN JUDGE.

trwnc [trʊŋk] (nm) urine, piss (= troeth [trɔɪθ], wrin [ˡu·rɪn], piso [ˡpɪsɔ])

esgyn i fynu idd y siambr, a dymchwelyd Ilestr yn llawn trwngc uwch ben ystafell Ile'r oedd Cryddion yn gweithiaw... / go up to the bedroom a pour a pot full of urine above the room where shoemakers were at work... Perllan Gwyno. 1832. Ieuan Ab Gwyno, Llanwyno (= Llanwynno), Gynt O Dòn-Yr-Efail (= o Donyrefail). (In this example, either a survival of this obsolete word in Gwentian, or a literary word – it is found in William Owen-Pughe’s Dictionary 1803)

Origin unknown; probably British > Welsh

trŵp [tru:p] (eg) 1/ large group, small crowd, crew (= torf [tɔrv]) 2/ flock, herd (= haid [haɪd])

trŵp ō ddynon a large group of men

From English TROOP

trwyn [truin] (nm) nose (= trwyn [truin])

trwyna [ˡtruina] (pl) (= trwynau [ˡtruinaɪ])

(Other forms and spellings: thrwyna, drwyna)

tryfāri [trəˡva·rɪ] (v) regret. See difaru [dɪˡva·rɪ]

tsh Welsh spelling of [ʧ]. Usually in words of English origin. The standard spelling often has ts [ts] at the end of a word, in fact representing an older (and nowadays obsolete) pronunciation.

pats / patsh; Gwentian patsh (= place where surface mineral ore is extracted)

mats / matsh; Gwentian matsh (= sports competition)

Initially, and medially, in standard Welsh spelling, as tsi. e.g. tseina [ˡʧəɪna] (= china, porcelain);

in representing colloquial bwtsiwr [ˡbʊʧʊr], standard cigydd [ˡki·gɪð]

tshain [ʧaɪn] (nf) chain. (= cadwyn [ˡkadwɪn])

tshainz [ʧaɪnz] (pl) (= cadwyni [kadˡkuɪnɪ])

Also shain [ʃaɪn]

tshain oir gold chain

From English CHAIN in its older pronunciation [ʧaɪn], now [ʧein].

(Other forms and spellings: tshaen, tsiaen, tsiain)

tsháriti [ˡʧarɪtɪ] (eg) charity (= society) (= elusen [ɛˡlɪsɛn])
tsháritiz [ˡʧarɪtɪz] (pl) (= elusennau [ɛlɪˡsɛnaɪ])
From English CHARITY

(Other spellings: chariti, tshariti)

tshopan [ˡʧɔpan] (nf) chop (= golwyth [ˡgɔluiθ])

tshops [ʧɔps] (pl) chops (= golwythau [gɔˡluiθaɪ])

tshopan ō gīg ōn a lamb chop
From English CHOP; (TSHOP = chop) + (-EN diminutive suffix) > TSHOPEN (> TSHOPAN)

(Other spellings: tsiopan, tsiopen)

tshêp [ʧe:p] (adj) cheap (= rhad [ˡhra:d])

Also siep [ʃɛp], siêp [ʃɛp], tshep [ʧɛp]

tshops [ʧɔps] (eg) chops = mouth (= ceg [ce:g])
From English CHOPS = jaws, mouth. Noted in GPC.

tshopsan [ˡʧɔpsan] (v) prattle (= clebran [ˡklɛbran])
(TSHOPS = mouth) + (verb suffix -AN, often indicating continuous activity)

Cf. chopsing = arguing (25 English words and phrases you only hear in Wales /
Wales Online / 04-05-2014)

tw̄ll [tu:ɬ] (nm) hole (= twll [tu:ɬ)]
tw̄ll ō lē hole = a shabby or unattractive place (a house or a village / town); dump
ō’n nī’n synni fōd a wēdi cɛ̄l ī ēni mwn shẁd dw̄ll ō lē we were surprised that he was born in such a hole

Twm [tʊm] (nm) Tom, Tommy (= Twm [tʊm])

From English TUM (= Thomas)

Twmi [ˡtʊmɪ] (nm) Tom, Tommy (= Twmi [ˡtʊmɪ])

(TWM) + (-I diminutive suffix)

twmp [tʊmp] (nm) 1/ hillock (= bryncyn [ˡbrəŋkɪn]; 2/ mound, pile (= pentwr [ˡpɛntʊr]); 3/ lump (= lwmp [lʊmp], lwmpyn [ˡlʊmpɪn])

twmpa [ˡtʊmpa] (pl) (= bryncynnau [brəŋˡkɪnaɪ]; (= pentyrrau [pɛnˡtəraɪ]; (= lympiau [ˡlɛmpjaɪ])
Y Twmp 1/ SO3518 name of a farm in Llangatwg Lingoed 2/ farm in Mynyddislwyn

NOTE: (Herefordshire dialect) Tump: heap of anything or small, round hill
Hereford Times / 12 December 2015 / http://www.herefordtimes.com/news/14140019.55_long_lost_Herefordshire_sayings_and_words/

Tump A mound (any size).
Dialect Words from North Somerset 2015 Vince Russett

http://www.ycccart.co.uk/index_htm_files/Dialect%20words%20in%20reports-2.pdf

ORIGIN: From English TUMP

(delwedd 5956)

twmpyn [ˡtʊmpɪn] (nm) 1/ mound, pile (= pentwr [ˡpɛntʊr]); (= bryncyn [ˡbrəŋkɪn]) 2/ lump (=lwmp [lʊmp], lwmpyn [ˡlʊmpɪn])

twmpyn sand a mound of sand

(TWMP = mound) + (-YN diminutive suffix) > TYMPYN (> Gwentian TWMPYN)

(Other forms and spellings: dwmpyn, thwmpyn, twmpin, dwmpin, thwmpin)

twrf [tʊrv] (nm) noise (= dwndwr [ˡdʊndʊr]), sŵn [su:n])
tyrfa [ˡtərva] (pl) noises; thunder (= noises: synau [ˡsənaɪ]; thunder: taranau [taˡranaɪ])

twt [tʊt] (adj) neat, tidy (= cymen [ˡkəmɛn], testlus [ˡtɛstlɪs])

twtan [ˡtʊtan] (nf) small woman (= benyw fechan [ˡbɛniu ˡvɛxan]) (GPC)

(TWT) + (-EN diminutive suffix) > *TYTEN > TWTEN > (> Gwentian TWTAN)

twtyn [ˡtʊtɪn] (nm) small man (= dyn bychan [di:n ˡbəxan]) (GPC)

(TWT) + (-YN diminutive suffix) > *TYTIN (> Gwentian TWTYN)

twyn [tuɪn] (nm) 1/ hillock, hill (now usually only in place names) (= bryncyn [ˡbrəŋkɪn]; bryn [brɪn])
twyni#, twyna# [ˡtuɪnɪ, ˡtuɪna] (pl) (= bryniau [ˡbrənjaɪ])

Twynrotyn# [tuɪnˡro·tɪn] (nm) village name (presumed form) (= Twynyrodyn [ˡtuɪn ər ˡo·dɪn]
The form below at least represents ‘Twynrodyn’: (‘rh’ through hypercorrection. Cf Rugos > Rhigos).

(delwedd 5777)

tŷ [ti:] (nm) house (= tŷ [ti:])
tai [taɪ] (pl) houses (= tai [taɪ])

tyfarna [təˡvarna] > tafarna > tafarn

tyla [ˡtəla] (nm) hill (= bryn [brɪn], tyle [ˡtəlɛ])
Tyla-glɛ̄s, farm by Gelli-gaer (c.1782: Tylla Glase)
Tylacēlyn Road, Pen-y-graig (this would be ‘Ewl Tylacēlyn’ in Gwentian)

Also: tila [ˡtɪla]
Cefntila Bɛ̄ch (on maps as Cefn Tilla Bach) rural dwelling house from 1616
(‘Centila’ might be expected as a local form, but no instance of it is as yet known)
Carn y Tila, Abertyswg (‘cairn of the hill / on the hill’)

tyrn [tərn] (nm) shift (= sifft [ʃɪft], twrn [tʊrn])
tyrnz [tərnz] (pl) (= sifftiau [ʃɪftjaɪ], tyrniau [ˡtərnjaɪ])

tyrnas [ˡtərnas] (nf) kingdom (= teyrnas [ˡtəɪrnas]
trw’r dyrnas throughout the kingdom

tysa [ˡtəsa] (v) if it were (= pe buasai [pe: bɪˡasaɪ]

Also in the reduced form sà

sà ynny’n bosib if that were possible

w In words borrowed from English, a final-syllable ‘o’ becomes w [ʊ] generally in Welsh
ACTION > acshwn

ẁ A short ‘w’ in a long-vowel environment.

1/ Usually in loanwords from English.

mẁd [mʊd] (nm) mud (= llaid [ɬaɪd])

2/ Sometimes in native words:

ẁth (reduced from wrth = by, near; while)

wāfo [ˡwa·vɔ] (v) 1/ to wave 2/ work hard (= chwarae [ˡxwa·raɪ])

wāfo’n fìdir work very hard

English WAVE (WAF-) + (-IO verbal suffix) > WAFIO > WAFO

wāra [ˡwa·ra] (v) play; (nm) play (= chwarae [ˡxwa·raɪ])
wāra tēg [ˡwa·ra ˡte:g] (phrase) fair play (= chwarae teg [ˡxwa·raɪ ˡte:g])
wāra tēg, āchan! (= chwarae teg, fachgen) fair play, my friend! 

wāra tēg ī tī fair play to you (= I have to grant that what you did or said was right)

(1) In the south, chw is reduced to hw, and in the south-east, the ‘h’ disappears
(2) A final ae [ai] is colloquially e. Along a broad south-west to north-east axis, it remains as e, but in the south-east, a final e > a. 

cɛ̄l wāra tēg ī get to do something (according to one’s wishes)

The English idiom is seen in John Gill - Perfections of God, a Standing rule to Try all Doctrines and Expereience – 1770.

(delwedd 5921)

Rowch wa*ra te*g i*ddyn nw* be fair to them, treat them fairly ‘give fair play to them’

wast [wast] (adj) waste (= gwastraff [ˡgwastraf])

papir wast waste paper

From English WAST [wast] (a variant of WASTE [waast], now [weist]). The English word is from Anglo-French WAST, of Germanic origin (Old Frankish). The German cognate is ‘die Wüste’ (wastland, desert); the Latin cognate is VASTUS (waste, desert).

wàth [waθ] (conj) because (= oherwydd [ɔˡhɛrwið])

From O WAITH (= because) < (O = comjunction; from, of) + soft mutation + (GWAITH = time, occasion), literally (‘ from + occasion’).

watsho [ˡwaʧɔ] (v) watch (= edrych ar [ˡɛdrɪx ar]

fel cɛ̄th yn watsho llygōtan like a cat watching a mouse
English WATCH [waʧ], an older pronunciation, now [wɔʧ].

(WATSH-) + (-IO verbal suffix) > WATSHIO > WATSHO

w̄ch [u:x] (nf) sow (= hwch [hu:x])


(delwedd 5632)

Y Darian. 20 Ebrill 1916. “Cefn Onn”. ...yn gwybod dim am danynt. Mae Cwm yr Aber yn gyfoethog mewn hen enwau swynol y dylid gwneud pob ymdrech i'w cadw mewn cof. Ceir yma y “Gwlaw-nant," “Beidy'r Wch," “Garth," "Craig yr Hufen”, etc. Clywais...

wēch [we:x] (num) six (= chwech [xwe:x])

weitan [ˡwəɪtan] (v) wait (= aros [ˡa·rɔs])

ca*tw pawb i* weitan keep everybody waiting

wejan [ˡwɛʤan] (nf) 1/ girl, woman (= merch [mɛrx]) 2/ girlfriend (= cariad [ˡkarjad] (nf))

wāra tēg ī’r wejan fɛ̄ch give the old girl her due (Y Darian 25 Ionawr 1917. Chwaraeteg i’r wedjen fach) (in refernce to the wife who has done something that her husband has requested of her though usually she ignores him).

wep [wɛp] (nf) face (= gwep [gwɛp], gwyneb [ɔˡhɛrwɪð])

wɛ̄r [wɛ:r] (nf) sister (= chwair [xwaɪr])
wiōrydd [wɪˡo·rɪð] (pl) (= chwiorydd [xwɪˡo·rɪð])

mā nẁ’n ddwy wɛ̄r they’re sisters (‘they are two sisters’)

werthin [ˡwɛrθɪn] (v) laugh (= chwerthin [ˡxwɛrθɪn])

Also wyrthin [ˡwərθɪn]

werthin fel ffw̄l laugh uncontrollably (‘laugh like a fool’)

wyrthin fel sà collad arno laugh as though he was mad (‘as if there was a madness on him’)

wɛ̄th pwy [ˡwɛ:θ ˡpuɪ] (phrase) it doesn’t matter who; (as a byname) anonymous (= ni waeth pwy [ˡni: ˡwaɪθ ˡpuɪ])

(NI = not) + soft mutation + (GWAETH = worse) + PWY (= who)

wērw [ˡwe·rʊ] (nf) bitter (= chwerw [ˡxwe·rʊ])

wet [wɛt] (nf) drink (= diod [ˡdi·ɔd])
From informal English WET (noun) (= a drink)
ī gɛ̄l wet fɛ̄ch cyn shapo i shà thrē (i gal whet fach cyn shapo i sha thre) (= to have a little drink before going off home) Aberdare Leader 15-11-1919)

wētyn [ˡwe·tɪn] (adv) afterwards (= wedyn [ˡwe·dɪn])

w̄ ī [ˡu: i:, u: ˡi:] (v) that I am (=wyf [uiv], wyf fī [uiv ˡvi:])
-Pwy wyt tī? – Isaac Lewis w̄ ī, syr (Isaac Lewis wyf, syr) 

w̄ī [ˡu: i:] (v) I am (=yr wyf [ər ˡuiv], yr wyf fī [ər uiv ˡvi:])

wī [ˡwi:] (nm) egg (= wy [uɪ])
wīa [wi·a] (pl) (= wyau [ˡuɪaɪ])
mashgal wī eggshell
wī shop illegitimate child (‘shop egg, egg [from a] shop, egg [bought at a] shop’)

(= plentyn siawns [ˡ plɛntɪn ˡʃauns] = chance child)
wīa ffrōcod frogspawn (‘eggs (of) frogs’) (= grifft llyffant [grɪft ˡɬəfant]) (= spawn (of) (a) frog’)

wīlo [ˡwi·lɔ] (v) look for, seek (= chwilio [ˡxwɪljɔ])
wīlo am i grȳs to look for his shirt

wilia [ˡwɪlja] (v) talk (= siarad [ˡʃa·rad])

Bēth tī’n wilia? What are you talking about? (i.e. what nonsense are you telling me?)

wimlid [ˡwɪmlɪd] (v) move (= symud [ˡsəmɪd])
In the North the equivalent verb is “chwimiad”. In the South the basic form is “chwimlo”, with an intrusive “l”. Colloquially it is ‘hwimled’ in the South-west.

winc [wɪŋk] (nf) wink (= amrantaid [amˡrantjad])

English WINK

wincad [ˡwɪŋkad] (nm) wink, the wink of an eye (= amrantiad [amˡrantjad])

miwn bothdi wincad in the wink of an eye, in an instant (in + about + (a) wink)

(WINC-, stem of WINCIO = to wink) + (-IAD noun suffix) > WINCIAD > WINCAD

winco [ˡwɪŋkɔ] (v) to wink (= amrantaid [amˡrantjad])

winco ar to wink at

(WINC) + (-IO verb suffix) > WINCIO > WINCO

winna [ˡwɪna] (v) I too have, (= yr wyf innau [ər uɪv ˡɪnaɪ])

wiōrydd [wɪˡo·rɪð] (pl) sisters. See wɛ̄r [wɛ:r]

wīr [wi:r] (adv) truly (= yn wir [ən ˡwi:r])

on wir ddyn but really mun

wishgi [ˡwɪʃgɪ] (nm) whiskey (= chwisgi [ˡxwɪsgɪ])

i*fad wishgi to drink whiskey

wīth [wi:θ] (nm, adj) left (= chwith [xwi:θ])
ar yr ōchor wīth on the left, on the left-hand side

wītha [ˡwi·θa] (adv) sometimes (= weithiau [ˡwəɪθjaɪ])

wnna [ˡʊna] that there, that thing there, that person there (= hwnna [ˡhʊna])
ORIGIN: hwn yna (this + there)

wnnw [ˡʊnʊ] (he - the male or the object of masculine gender mentioned but not present) (= hwnnw [ˡhʊnʊ]

wntw [ˡʊntʊ] (nm) southerner (= person from South Wales) (= deheuwr [dɛˡhəɪʊr], hwntw [ˡhʊntʊ])
wntws [ˡʊntʊs] (pl) southerners (= deheuwyr [dɛˡhəɪwɪr], hwntws [ˡhʊntʊs])

wopra [ˡwɔpra] (pl) soft-mutated form of gwopra (= prizes). See gwopor (= prize).

wrni [ˡʊrnɪ] (v) snore (= chwyrnu [ˡxwərnɪ]


ŵtar [ˡu·tar] (nm) hooter (= hwter [ˡhu·tɛr])
wteri# [ʊˡte·rɪ] (pl) (= hwteri [hʊˡte·rɪ])

wthnos [ˡʊθnɔs] (nf) week (= wythnos [ˡuɪθnɔs])
rwthnos ’yn this week

wyl [uɪl] (nf) fun (= hwyl [huɪl])
cɛ̄l wyl ddisprad have great fun

ŵyn [uin] lambs. See ōn [o:n]) = lamb

wynab [ˡwənab] (nm) face (= wyneb [ˡwɪnɛb])

wynepa [wəˡne·pa] (pl) (= wynebau [wɪˡne·baɪ])

Other forms and spellings: whynepa, wynepe

y [ə]
1 reduced form of a vowel in a tonic syllable
stymog < stumog (= stomach)
2 reduced form of a vowel in a pretonic syllable
cyffyla < ceffylau (= horses)
sgryfennu < sgrifennu < ysgrifennu

y [ə] (definite article)

1/ the (= y [ə])
pont, y bont bridge, the bridge
Before a vowel it is yr [ər] (= yr [ər])
ōchor, yr ōchor side, the side
gardd, yr ardd garden, the garden

2/ used in vocatives:

paid a*cor d’e*na, yr idiot don’t open your mouth, you idiot; don’t say a word, you idiot

ÿ [ə] In this dictionary the ÿ indicates a schwa where standard Welsh spelling would suggest a long or short i [i:, i].

Omost often, such words are from English.

Normally in standard Welsh this is indicated by ỳ, but since we use this to indicate a short vowel instead of long, we have resorted to ÿ.

bÿs [bəs] a bus

ffÿs [fəs] fuss

rÿn [rən] run

slÿm [sləm] slum

ÿch [əx] your

ÿn [ən] particle; preposition = in

ÿs [əs] as

ÿs [əs] reduced form of òs [ɔs] = if

ÿch [əx] your (= eich [əx], and very formally – but historically incorrectly – as [əɪx], which is in fact a spelling pronunciation)

ÿch promis chi* your promise

ycha [ˡəxa] (adj) upper, uppermost, highest, top (= uchaf [ˡu·xav]) See īcha

ychal [ˡəxal] (adj) high (= uchel [ˡu·xɛl]) See īchal

yfad

also īfad

yfad cw̄rw

yfryd [ˡ əvrɪd] (adj) pleasant (= hyfryd [ˡhəvrɪd])

yfrytwch [əˡvrətʊx] (nm) pleasure (= hyfrydwch [əˡvrətʊx])

’yn [ɪn] (pn, adj) this (= hyn [hɪn])
rwthnos ’yn this week
yn y pentra ’yn here in the village (= ‘in this village’)
(The missing h is indicated by an apostrophe in order to differentiate it from the preposition yn [ə)]. In other cases, the missing [h] is not indicated – ewl (= hewl, heol), annar (= hanner), etc)

yno [ˡənɔ] (adv) 1/ there = in the place mentioned (= yno [ˡənɔ])

Also ’no [nɔ] (loss of first syllable, although it is the tonic syllable)

ynotrwdd [əˡnɔtrʊð] (nm) 1/ unique quality; 2/ strangeness, eccentricity (= hynodrwydd [həˡnɔdrʊið])

ynys [ˡənɪs] (nf) 1/ island 2/ (place names) riverside meadow, water meadow (= ynys [ˡənɪs])

Ynys-y-bŵl [ˡənɪs ə ˡbu:l] village name (= Ynys-y-bŵl [ˡənɪs ə ˡbu:l])

Short name: Yr Ynys [ər ˡənɪs]

Handbook Of The Origin Of Place-Names Of Wales And Monmouthshire. Rev. Thomas Morgan. 1911.
Ynysybwl. — A corruption, perhaps, of Ynys-y-pwll, the island near the pit; or, perhaps, the suffix is pwl, unprofitable. We are inclined to think the right wording is Ynys-y-bêl, which signifies the ball-meadow. It was in olden times a famous rendezvous for ball-players.

NOTE: the actual etymology is (YNYS = water meadow) + (Y = definite article) + (BŴL = bowl for playing skittles – perhaps used in the sense of ‘game of bowls / game of skittles’)

ypar clàs [ˡəpar ˡklas] (nm) upper class (= dosbarth uchel [ˡdɔsbarθ ˡi·xɛl])

(Other spellings: upar clas)

yp tw dic [ˡəp tʊ ˡdɪk] (adv) upper class (= dosbarth uchel [ˡdɔsbarθ ˡi·xɛl])

(Other spellings: upar clas)

From EnglishUP TO DICK (Victorian slang; = not fooled, not taken in; wide-awake, artful)..

(Also spelt: up to dic, up to dick)

ypseto [əpˡsɛtɔ] (v) upset (= gofidio [gɔˡvɪdjɔ])

From English UPSÉT (YPSÉT) + (-IO verbal suffix) > YPSETIO > YPSETO

yr [ər] (definite article) the (= yr [ər])
Before a tonic syllable beginning with a vowel, yr may be reduced to [r] which acts as a proclitic
yn yr ysgol in the school, at school
yn rysgol in the school, at school

Cf south-west Wales place name (various places) Dan-yr-allt > Dan-rallt (‘below the wood’)
Also in North Wales (various places) Glan-yr-afon > Glanrafon (‘riverside’, ‘riverbank’)

ÿs [əs] (conj) if (= os [ɔs])
Reduced from òs [ɔs]

ÿs [əs] (conj) as (= fel [vɛl])

ÿs gwētws ‘as + did say, as + said’
mà pōb dīcyn bɛ̄ch yn elp, ÿs gwētws y dryw bɛ̄ch ẁth bisho yn y môr
every little bit helps, as the wren said as he pissed in the sea
ORIGIN: Probably the English conjunction as [az, əz] 

ysbryd [ˡəsbrɪd] (nm) 1/ spirit; 2/ ghost (= ysbryd [ˡəsbrɪd])
sprytion [əˡsbrətjɔn] (= ysbrydion [əˡsbrədjɔn])
mà’r e*n eclws yn llawn o* sprytion the old church is full of ghosts, is haunted

yscetyn [əˡskɛtɪn] (adv) some time ago (= ers cetyn [ers ˡskɛtɪn])

ysgol [ˡəsgɔl] (nf) school (= ysgol [ˡəsgɔl])
yn yr ysgol in the school, at school
yn rysgol in the school, at school

Yr Ystrad [ər ˡəstrad] (nm) short form for place names with ‘ystrad’ (broad valley) as a first elelment (= Yr Ystrad [ər ˡəstrad])

1/ Ystradgynlais

Note: An expected colloquial form is Rystrad, as in other parts of Wales.

z the letter symbol for zed. Said wrongly by some not to exist in Welsh (from a misconception that as it is not in the traditional Welsh alphabet and neither is it in the standard pronunciation it must have no place in Welsh), but it is well-established in the southern dialects and seems to have been introduced in the 1800s through English influence, if only recently in northern Welsh, the north-west having better resisted the imposition of English, through the incorporation of English words with [z]. Often as a plural suffix – tyrnz, etc

zèd [zɛd] (nf) zed, name of a letter (= zèd [zɛd])
zeta# [ˡzɛta] (pl) (= zediau [ˡzɛdjaɪ])

zw̄ [zu:] (nm) zoo (= sŵ [su:])
zw̄z # [ˡzu:z] (pl) zoo (= sŵau [ˡsu:aɪ])

....
Sumbolau:

a A / æ Æ / e E / ɛ Ɛ / i I / o O / u U / w W / y Y /
ā Ā / ǣ Ǣ / ē Ē / ɛ̄ Ɛ̄ / ī Ī / ō Ō / ū Ū / w̄ W̄ / ȳ Ȳ /
ă Ă / ĕ Ĕ / ĭ Ĭ / ŏ Ŏ / ŭ Ŭ /
ˡ ɑ ɑˑ aˑ a: / æ æ: / e eˑe: / ɛ ɛ: / ɪ iˑ i: / ɔ oˑ o: / ʊ uˑ u: / ə / ʌ /
ẅ Ẅ / ẃ Ẃ / ẁ Ẁ / ŵ Ŵ /
ŷ Ŷ / ỳ Ỳ / ý Ý / ɥ
ˡ ð ɬ ŋ ʃ ʧ θ ʒ ʤ / aɪ ɔɪ əɪ uɪ ɪʊ aʊ ɛʊ əʊ / £

ә ʌ ẃ ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ ẅ ẃ ẁ ŵ ŷ ỳ

Ә Ʌ Ẃ Ă Ĕ Ĭ Ŏ Ŭ Ẅ Ẃ Ẁ Ẁ Ŵ Ŷ Ỳ Ỳ

gyn aith δ δ
wikipedia, scriptsource. org
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Y TUDALEN HWN /THIS PAGE / AQUESTA PÀGINA:
www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_geiriaduron/geiriadur-gwenhwyseg-saesneg_S_0241e.htm
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Creuwyd / Created / Creada: 20-07-2017
Adolygiadau diweddaraf / Latest updates / Darreres actualitzacions: 20-07-2017
Delweddau / Imatges / Images:
Ffynhonnell / Font / Source:

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