kimkat0231e Geiriadur Cymraeg (Gwenhwyseg)-Saesneg / Welsh (Gwentian dialect) – English Dictionary.

22-12-2017

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● ● kimkat1864e Gateway to this Website in English / Y Fynedfa Saesneg www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwefan/gwefan_arweinlen_2003e.htm
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● ● ● ● kimkat0934k Gwentian / Y Wenhwyseg www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_1004e.htm
● ● ● ● ● kimkat0193e Gwentian to English Dictionary - Main Page / Geiriadur Gwenhwyseg a Saesneg – Y Prif Dudalen www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/geiriadur-gwenhwyseg-saesneg-01_0193e.htm
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(delwedd 0003j) ..

Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia La Web de Catalunya i Gal·les Geiriadur Cymraeg (Gwenhwyseg) - Saesneg Welsh (Gwentian dialect) - English Dictionary A - D AR Y GWEILL GENNYM – Y MAE GWALLAU HEB EU CYWIRO UNDER CONSTRUCTION – THERE ARE UNCORRECTED ERRORS Y Llyfr Ymwelwyr / El Llibre de Visitants / The Guestbook: http://pub5.bravenet.com/guestbook/391211408/ Beth sy’n newydd yn y wefan hon? What’s new in this website? Què hi ha de nou en aquesta web?

(delwedd 7282)

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The main purpose of this dictionary is to give an approximation of ‘Gwentian’ Welsh (the Welsh of the former counties of Sir Forgannwg / Glamorganshire and Sir Fynwy / Monmouthshire) which might serve to read texts written in the dialect.
Prif amcan y geiriadur hwn yw rhoi fraslun neu amlinelliad o’r Wenhwyseg (Cymraeg hen siroedd Morgannwg and Mynwy) a all fod o fudd wrth ddarllen ysgrifau yn y dafodiaith honno.

Here is a list of material in Gwentian or about Gwentian on this website : Dyma restr o ddeunydd yn y dafodiaith neu sydd yn ymwneud â hi:
kimkat1094e www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_llyfrau-yn-y-wefan-hon_mynegai_0194e.htm

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mwn bri mawr in great favour, very much esteemed

yn y prentra 'yn

dynnon diarth

ni

Dici ni

oodar ma fa yn y ffactri

yn y colij

dod i fri yto regain its popularity

odd bri mawr ar steddfota very popular

torri i lawr yn i ddagra

a Final-syllable [a] corresponds to
1/ etymological E [ɛ] in the standard language: llygoden > llygōtan (= mouse)
2/ in other dialects, [ɛ] which is a reduction of the diphthong AI [ai] in the standard language: cadair > cạtar (= chair)
3/ in other dialects, [ɛ] which is a reduction of the diphthong AE [ai] in the standard language: gafael > gạfal (= to grasp)
4/ in other dialects, [ɛ] which is a reduction of the diphthong AU [ai] in the standard language: darnau > darna (= pieces)

à (pronoun) he

ōdd à īsha ī fi * fynd ī’r shop newydd he wanted me to go to the new shop

A form of fà

à In standard Welsh and in ‘standardised Gwentian’, this represents a short vowel [a] in an environment where the vowel would be long. Usually these are words taken from Enlgish – bàg, pŵr dàb, etc.

1/ In this form of ‘standardised’ Gwentian, at least for the purposes of this dictionary, the vowel in open syllables in monosyllables (i.e. no final consonant or consonant cluster) is also marked in this way

à [a] he

àb [ab] (in patronymics) son

fà [va] he

chà [xa] bring (< dewch â)

ddà [ða] I shall (< ddà i < bydda i)

mà [ma] clipped form of yma = here

mà [ma] clipped form of dyma = here’s (literally: ‘here you see’)

mà [ma] = mae there is, is

nà [na] clipped form of yna = there

nà [na] clipped form of dyna = there’s (literally: ‘there you see’)

sà as if

wyrthin fel sà collad arno laugh as though he was mad (‘as if there was a madness on him’)

shà [ʃa] to, towards

tà pīn however

tà prȳd [ta ‘pri:d] whenever

2/ Also in words with an original long vowel but which is not usually emphasised i.e. a vowel shortened in a pretonic syllable

àb [ab] son (in patronymics) < fāb [va:b] < māb [ma:b]

3/ And in common with standard Welsh spelling (though usually not adhered to except in dictionaries) where an ‘a’ is short though the orthographical pattern or orthographical environment suggests it should be long. Such words are usually loans from English.

pw̄r dàb [pu:r ˡdab] poor creature, poor thing

ā [a:] (conj) and (= a, ac [a:, a:g])

In Gwentian, ‘a’ often used instead of standard ‘ac’ [a:g] (i.e. before a vowel)

nawr ā yn y man now and then

àb [ab] (nm) son (= ab) [ab]]
Origin: māb [ma:b] (= son) > àb [ab] (son, in patronymics) (or ap [ap], an archaic spelling of àb).

àb Gwīlym (Son of Gwilym / William)
Pseudonym of a bard who was the author of an English-language poem ‘A Song To Mr David Davies. In commemoration of his Purchase of the Penydarren Iron Works’. "We praise the gallant soldier who wins undying fame, We laud the skilful statesman who preserves the British name;...” The Merthyr Telegraph and General Advertiser for the Iron Districts of South Wales. 28th November 1863

ạber [ˡa·bɛr] (nm) 1/ confluence (where a minor stream joins a larger stream) 2/ river mouth (where a river enters the sea) (= ambell [ [ˡambɛɬ]]
In place-names beginning with ‘aber’ in Gwentian the initial vowel, which is unaccented, drops away (a very common phenomenon in spoken Welsh) 

(2) the vowel in the pretonic syllable drops away to give a consonant cluster br- before a vowel
Aberaman > Beraman > Braman
Aberōgwr / Aberōcwr > Berōcwr > Brōcwr

Before a consonant, aber > ber > byr
Byr-dɛ̄r for Aber-dɛ̄r

Abercannid [abɛrˡkanɪd] (nf) village name (= Abercannaid [abɛrˡkanaɪd])

Clipped form: Bercannid [bɛrˡkanɪd]

(Other spellings: Abercanid, Bercanid)

-ach [ax] (suffix) diminutive; plural or collective; usually added to plural forms
pēthach things, ‘little things’ (?péthau + ach > pethéuach > péthach)
merchētach young women

acha [ˡa·xa] (prep) on, on top of (= ar [ar])
See: ar uchaf (on, on top of)
acha pen ty = on the top of a house
Used only with indefinite nouns. With definite nouns ar is used.
Cf the preposition mewn = in (with indefinite nouns), yn (with definite nouns) ar uchaf [ar-î-khav] (preposition)
From ar + uchaf = on + (the) topmost (part) (of)

ạchwn [ˡa·xʊn] (v) complain (= achwyn [ˡa·xuin])
Also achwin [ˡaxwɪn]

ạcor [ˡa·kɔr] (v) open (= agor [ˡa·gɔr])

ạcor i llycid open her eyes, open their eyes

(Other spellings and forms: acor, acoras)

ạcos [ˡa·kɔs] (adj) near (= agos [ˡa·gɔs]
(Other spellings and forms: acos)

acshwn [ˡakʃʊn] (eg) action (= gweithrediad [gwəɪθˡrɛdjad])

acshwna [akˡʃʊna] (pl) (= gweithrediadau [gwəɪθrɛdˡja·daɪ])
dōd ī acshwn come into action
From English ACTION

adfertismant [adˡvə·tismant] (nm) advertisement (= hysbyseb [həsˡbəsɛb])

adfertismants [adˡvə·tismants] (= hysbysebion [həsbəˡsɛbjɔn])

ai [aɪ] in a final-syllable in standard Welsh is often i [ɪ] in Gwentian

Abercannaid > Abercannid / Bercannid

darllain (= darllen) > darllin

defaid > defid (= sheep, ovine animals)

enaid > enid (= soul)

mantais > montish (= advantage)

noswaith > noswith (= evening)

tamaid > tamid (= little bit)

Tonyrefail > Tonrefil (place name; greensward by the smithy)

unwaith > inwith (= once)

’ala [ˡala] (v) spend (= gwario [ˡgwarjɔ]); send (= anfon [ˡanvɔn])

Origin: hala > ala; hala is a southern vairiant of hela, now generally hel [hɛl] in the north = to hunt; to collect.

From ‘helgh-’ (= hunting, chasing), cognate with Irish sealg (= hunting)
’ala arian to spend money

’ala amsar to spend time

’ạlan [ˡa·lan] (nm) salt (= halen [ˡha·lɛn])
Origin: hạlen > ’ạlan > ’ạlan

’aliar [ˡaljar] (nm) haulier; mineworker in charge of mine carts (or mine tubs) and horses (= halier [ˡhaljɛr])
aliarz [ˡaljarz] (pl) hauliers (= haliers [ˡhaljɛrs])

From English HALLIER

1/ Gallier or hallier: one who keeps teams for hire. Glossary Of Provincial Words Used In Herefordshire And Some Of The Adjoining Counties. Sir George Cornewall Lewis. 1839.

2/ (Worcestershire): Upton on Severn Words and Phrases. Robert Lawson. English Dialect Society. 1884. HĂLLIER, or ĂLLIER, n. One

who draws coal, timber, bricks, etc.

(delwedd B0440)

(Other spellings: halier, alier, haliar: English: hallier, allier, gallier)

’alibalŵ [alɪbaˡlu:] (nf) hullabaloo (= cynnwrf [ˡkənʊrv])

From English HULLABALOO

’alio [ˡaljɔ] (v) 1/ lead a horse in a coalmine 2/ haul, draw, pull (= halio [ˡhaljɔ])

alio glō haul coal
alio dramz haul coal trams / coal carts / coal trucks / coal tubs

Origin: HALIO > ALIO.

From English HALE older pronunciation [ha:l], now [heɪl] (v) 1/ force, compel, oblige (sb) to go (to a place); she was haled out of her cottage by the mob; he was haled before a judge; he was haled to prison, etc 2/ haul, pull (especially in nautical language). They haled the net full of fish onto the deck; to hale the ropes in a ship. In English (HALEN) 1100+ < Middle French HALER < Germanic. Cf Dutch HALEN (= bring, fetch, get), German HOLEN (= fetch), Old English GEHOLIAN (= get, obtain). Modern French HALER (v) (= tow (e.g. a canal boat with horses on a towpath); pull hard on a rope.

altro [ˡaltrɔ] (v) alter, change (= newid [ˡne·wɪd])

English ALTER (older pronunciation [ˡaltər], now [ˡɔltə, ˡɔːltə]) (ALTER) + (-IO) > ÁLT’RIO > ALT’R’O / ALTRO.

Also oltro [ˡɔltrɔ], showing the later (and present-day) English pronunciation.

’am [am] (nm) ham (= ham [ham])
From English HAM (= cut of meat from a pig’s hindquarters) < HAM (= back part of the leg above the knee) < Old English HAMM (= bend of the knee, back of the knee) < a Germanic root meaning ‘bent, crooked. Cf Welsh CAM (= crooked).

ama [ˡama] (v) 1/ doubt 2/ suspect 3/ disbelieve, not accept as true (= amau [ˡamaɪ])

amal [ˡamal] (adj) frequent (= aml [ˡamal])

amball [ˡambaɬ] (adj) occasional (= ambell [ [ˡambɛɬ]]

amrantad [amˡrantad] (nm) instant (= amrantiad [ [amˡrantjad])

Also: rantad [ˡrantad]

amrantad llycad blink of an eye

ORIGIN: (= blink of an eyelid) (AMRANT = eyelid) + (-IAD suffix). See GPC:

amrentyn [amˡrɛntɪn] (nm) instant (= eiliad [ˡəiljad])

ORIGIN: (= blink of an eyelid) (AMRANT = eyelid) + (vowel affection A > E) + (-YN diminutive suffix). See GPC:

amsar [ˡamsar] (nm) time (= amser [ˡamsɛr])

bōb amsar always (‘very time’)

ar amsar fel ’yn at a time like this

’ạnas [ˡa·nas] (nf) story; history (= hanes [ˡha·nɛs])
nm in North Wales and standard Welsh

’andlo [ˡandlɔ] (v) handle (= trafod [ˡtra·vɔd])

From English HANDLE (HANDL) + (-O) > HANDLO (> Gwentain ANDLO)

anesmwth [anˡɛsmʊθ] (adj) ill at ease, anxious (= anesmwyth [anˡɛsmʊiθ])
timlo’n anesmwth reit feel very anxious

angal [ˡaŋgal] (nm) angle (= angl [ˡaŋgal]

angladd [ˡaŋlað] (nm) angle (= angladd [ˡaŋlað], cynhebrwng, claddedigaeth)
Also: angl’ [ˡaŋlað]

angladda [aŋˡla·ða] (pl) (= angladd [aŋˡla·ðaɪ])

’annar [ˡanar] (nm) half (= hanner [ˡhanɛr])

HANNER (> Gwentian final ‘e’ > ‘a’ HANNAR > loss of initial ‘h’ ANNAR)

annepyg [aˡne·pɪg] (adj) unlike (= annhebyg [aˡnhe·bɪg])

mōr annepyg â dŵr ā thɛ̄n as different as chalk and cheese (‘as different as water and fire’)

Welsh (AN- = negative prefix) + (nasal mutation T > NH) + (TEBYG = like) > ANNHEBYG (> Gwentian ANNHEPYG > ANNEPYG)

annipan [aˡni·pan] (adj) untidy, disordered, messy (= aflêr [aˡvle:r], anniben [aˡni·bɛn])

Welsh (AN- = negative prefix) + (nasal mutation D > N) + (DIBEN = end, conclusion) > ANNIBEN (> Gwentian ANNIPAN)

annwd [ˡanʊd] (nm) a cold (= annwyd [ˡanuɪd])
cɛ̄l annwd catch a cold, get a cold

annwl [ˡanʊl] (adj) dear (= annwyl [ˡanuɪl])

ap [ap] (nm) son. See àb

ạpal [ˡa·pal] (adj) able, having the ability to, capable (= abl [ˡa·bal])
aplach [ˡaplax] more able

ar [ar] (prep) 1/on (= ar [ar]) 1/ on
2/ used with the names of certain places where standard Welsh would use yn (= in). This usage has sometimes passed over into ‘Wenglish’ (the transition English dialect of the Gwentian areas which retains features of Gwentian Welsh)
ar y Coica in Coica / Coetgae (Wenglish ‘on the Coica’)

ar y Bēdda in Y Beddau (Tarian y Gweithiwr / 20 Chwefror 1908: ar y Beddau)

ar y Cēfan in Cefncoedycymer / in Cefncribwr

ar Donre·fil in Tonyrefail

ạra [ˡa·ra] (adj) slow (= araf [ˡa·rav])

Yn ạra dēg mā mynd ymhēll slowly does it (‘slowly and steadily there is going far’) (literally: slow + fair)

ạrath [ˡa·raθ] (nf) speech (= araith [ˡaraɪθ])

areitha# [aˡrəɪθa] (pl) (= areithiau aˡrəɪθjaɪ])

traddōti ạrath give a speech (= standard: traddodi araith)

ạrath nêt a fine speech

arfadd [ˡarvað] (nf) custom, usage (= arfer [ˡarvɛr])

arfar [ˡarvar] (nf) custom, usage (= arfer [ˡarvɛr])
Also: arfadd [ˡarvað]

árgiwo [ˡargjuɔ] (v) argue = state your opinion (= ymresymu [əmrɛˡsəmɪ])

arian [ˡarjan] (nm) money (= arian [ˡarjan])

ariōd [arˡjo:d] (adv) ever (= arian [ɛrˡjoɪd])

y pēth ryfēdda wēlas i ariōd the strengest thing I ever saw

arlwdd [ˡarlʊð] (nm) sign (= arglwydd [ˡargluið])

arlwyddon# [arˡluɪðɔn]) (= arglwyddion [arˡgluɪðjɔn])

Graig yr Arlwdd (= craig yr arglwydd)

’arn [ˡarn] (nm) iron (= haearn [ˡhəɪarn])
Y Bont ’Arn the iron bridge (= Y Bont Haearn). This was a Merthyrtudful landmark It had been designed and built by the principal engineer of the Cyfarthfa Iron Works, Watkyn George. It was completed in the year 1800. It was demolished after 164 years of existence by the town council in 1964.
From a southern form haern. Cf the change aer > ar in 1/ Maerdy > Mardy (various places have this name), 2/ Llanilltud Faerdre > Llanilltud Fardra; 3/ Trahaearn / Trahaern > Trehaearn / Treháern > Trehárn > Treárn.

ạros [ˡa·rɔs] (v) stay, wait (= aros [ˡa·rɔs])

fyswn ī’n leico ạros yno I’d like to stay there

arswydis [arˡsuɪdɪs] (adj, adv) terrible, terribly (= arswydus [arˡsuɪdɪs])
ōdd ī’n ōr arswydis it was terribly cold

arwdd [ˡa·rʊð] (nm) sign (= arwydd [ˡa·ruið])

arwýddon# [arˡwɪðɔn]) (= arwyddion [arˡuɪðjɔn])

asgwrn [ˡasgʊrn] (nm) bone (= asgwrn [ˡasgʊrn])

esgyrn [ˡɛsgɪrn]) (= esgyrn [ˡɛsgɪrn])

(Other forms and spellings: ascwrn, escyrn)

āth [a:θ]. See ɛ̄th [ɛ:θ]

’arti [ˡartɪ] (nm) hearty (= harti [ˡhartɪ])

ạtag [ˡa·tag] (nf) time, occasion, period (= adeg [ˡadɛg])
adēca [aˡde·ka] (pl) (= adegau [aˡde·gaɪ])

atryd [ˡatrɪd] undress tynnu ‘i amdanoch, ymddihatryd
(Source: GYA. S.E.: atryd) Cf south-western matryd, matru, datryd

aw [au]
In Welsh in general, in a tonic syllable, it may be found as o [o·, ɔ]
holi (= to ask, question, interrogate) < hawl (= a right)

bāch [ba:x] small, little. See bɛ̄ch [bɛ:x]

bạchan [ˡba·xan] (nm) fellow (= bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn] = boy)
MEANING: (1) fellow; (2) used also in addressing somebody; (3) in addressing somebody in disbelief at what has been asked or said, equivalent to an English expression of surprise followed by ‘man’, ‘boy’, ‘my lad’, ‘my friend’, etc – Good heavens, man! 
NOTE: Typically south-eastern, though it is found in other areas of Wales

shẁd ī chī, bạchan? how are you, my friend?
-Bēth yw reina? –Bạchan! Ond tortha Ffrengig yw reina! 
(-Beth yw y rheina? -Bachan! Ond torthau Ffrengig yw’r rheina!) 
-What are those? Good heavens man! Can’t you see they’re French loaves? (“but (it is) French loaves (that-are) thosē)

There is also a form of address with the soft mutation of b > f
fachan [ˡva·xan] Compare fechgyn! [ˡvɛxgɪn] (= boys, lads), ferch! [vɛrx] (= girl)

Also with the loss of this intial [v]
achan [ˡa·xan]
Compare mab [ma:b] (= son) > ab [ab] (son, in patronymics) (or ap [ab], an archaic spelling of ab).

bachgan [ˡbaxgan] (nm) boy, lad (= bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn])
bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɪn] (pl) boys. (= bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɪn])

bechgynach [bɛxˡgənax] lads (the plural diminutive suffix -ach suggests disapproval, criticism)

bād [ba:d]. See bɛ̄d [bɛ:d] (= boat)

bạcad [ˡba·kad] (nm) 1/ crowd (= torf [tɔrv]) 2/ large number (= nifer mawr [ˡni·vɛr ˡmaur])

Also bạgad [ˡba·gad]

bạcad ō ddinnon a crowd of men

am fạgad ō resyma for a host of reasons

balch [balx] (adj) 1/ proud 2/ glad (= balch [balx])

ōdd à’n falch iawn ī ngweld ī, ā ōn īn falch ī weld ynta èd he was very glad to see me, and I was very glad to see him too

bambŵzlo [bamˡbu·zlɔ] (v) bamboozle, deceive, trick (= twyllo [ˡtuiɬɔ])

banc [baŋk] (nm) 1/ bank = moneyhouse (= banc [baŋk]) 2/ side of a canal

banca [ˡbaŋkja] (pl) (= banciau [ˡbaŋkjaɪ])

banc y cnel the canal side

bap [bap] (nm) large soft bread roll, South Wales English ‘bap’ (= wicsen gron [ˡwɪksɛn ˡgrɔn])

baps [baps] (pl) (= wicsen gron [ˡwɪks ˡkrənjɔn])

bap brecwast breakfast bap http://www.bbc.co.uk/cymru/deddwyrain/safle/eich_bro/pages/bwyta_allan.shtml

From south-eastern Wales English BAP < English BAP, first noted in English in 1505.

bar- [ba] (n) a form of aber (= estuary) in some place names. Also byr- [bər]

Bartīfi (= Aberteifi; English: Cardigan). Also Byrtīfi

Bar-dɛ̄r (= Aber-dâr; English: Aberdare). Also Byr-dɛ̄r

(Other possible forms or spellings: Bardêr, Bardare, Byrdêr, Byrdare, Bartifi, Byrtifi, Barteifi, Barteifi)

bạra [ˡba·ra] (nm) bread (= bara [ˡba·ra])
bạra brīth [ˡba·ra ˡbri: θ] currant bread (literally ‘speckled bread’)
bạra ’mēnyn bread and butter [ˡba·ra ˡme·nɪn] (literally ‘bread (of) butter’)

bạra lawr laver bread, also known in English as ‘black butter’

bạra llɛ̄th [ˡba·ra ˡɬɛ:θ]) bread and milk, or bread and buttermilk

bạra llechwan [ˡba·ra ˡɬɛxwan] griddle bread; bread baked on a griddle or bakestone (either with yeast or unleavened)

barn [barn] (nf) 1/ opinion 2/ verdict (= barn [ˡbarn])

barna [ˡbarna] (pl) (= barnau [ˡbarnaɪ])

This word is feminine in South Wales. (Cymraeg safonol / standard Welsh, and northern Welsh: masculine)

(delwedd 3204b)

barnwr [ˡbarnʊr] (nm) 1/ judge (= barnwr [ˡbarnʊr]) 2/ adjudicator in an eisteddfod (= beirniad [ˡbəɪrnjad])

barnwrz [ˡbarnʊrz] (pl) (= barnwyr [ˡbarnwɪr], beirniaid [ˡbəɪrnjaɪd])

barnwrz Steddfod Car-dydd the adjudicators in the Caer-dydd / Cardiff Eisteddfod (barnwrs Steddfod Cardydd – Tarian y Gweithiwr 27-07-1899)

basa [ˡbasa] (v) it would be (= buasai [bɪˡasaɪ])

Also bysa

Also in the reduced form sà

basa fawr nā... I wish that, if only... (= buasai fawr na [bɪˡasaɪ ˡvaur na:])
Basa fawr nā nēlach chī rw̄path ī elpi = I wish you’d do something to help
(Buasai fawr na wnelech chwi rywbeth i helpu) 
(Source: Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, tudalen 2830) 

bẹcan [ˡbe·kan] (v) beg. See ymbil [ˡəmbɪl] = importune, cardota [karˡdɔta] = ask for money or food)

bẹcan ar rw*in ī nīthir rw*path beg somebody to do something (= ymbil ar rywun i wneud rhywbeth)
(“i fecan” yng nGPC: begiaf)

bɛ̄ch [bɛ:x] (adj) little, small (= bach [ba:x])

ticyn bɛ̄ch a little bit

mbɛ̄ch a little bit (ticyn b- > ticym b- ti’m b- > m b-)

(Other spellings: bach, bech, bêch, bâch, bæch, baech; mbech, mbach)

bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɪn] (pl) boys. See bachgan [ˡbaxgan])

bɛ̄d [bɛ:d] (nm) boat (= bad [ba:d]; cwch [ku:x])
bạta [ˡba·ta] (pl) (= badau [ˡba·daɪ]; cychod [ˡkəxɔd])

(Other spellings: bad, bed, bêd, bâd, bæd, baed, bâta, bata)

beidy [ˡbəɪdɪ] (nm) cowhouse, cowshed (= beudy [ˡbəɪdɪ])

beili [ˡbəɪlɪ] (nm) 1/ farmyard (= buarth [ˡbi·arθ]) 2/ yard, front yard, back yard (= cowrt [koʊrt], iard [jard], libart [ˡli·bart])

beilïa [bəɪˡli·a] (pl) (= cowrtiau [ˡkoʊrtjaɪ], ierdydd / iardiau [ˡjɛrdɪð, ˡjardjaɪ], libartiau [lɪˡbartjaɪ])

Y Beili-glɛ̄s [ə ˡbəɪlɪ ˡglɛ:s] SO4708 (spelt as Bailey Glace) (nearby is Beili-glâs Wood, in [almost] standard spelling (= Beili-glas, without the circumflex). An eighteenth-century farmhouse in Cwmcarfan, s.s.e of Llanddingad / Dingestow, Sir Fynwy / Monmouthshire.

Y Beili-glas, SO3010 s.s.e of Llanelen, Sir Fynwy / Monmouthshire on the Ordnance Survey map, was undoubtedly also Y Beili-glɛ̄s

Mynydd Beili-glas SN9202, (= Mynydd y Beili-glas) south of Y Ricos / Y Rhigos, perpetuates the name of a lost farm (= upland of / hillside grazing of Y Beili-glas farm’). This too was most undoubtedly Y Beili-glɛ̄s

ber- [bɛr] clipped form of aber [aˡbɛr] in place names

Bercannid < Abercannid [bɛrˡkanɪd, abɛrˡkanɪd]. Standard: Abercannaid [abɛrˡkanaɪd].

Ber-dɛ̄r < Aber-dɛ̄r [bɛrˡdɛ:r, abɛrˡdɛ:r]. Standard: Aber-dâr [abɛrˡda:r].

Ber-nant < Aber-nant [bɛrˡnant, abɛrˡnant]. Standard: Aber-dâr [abɛrˡnant].

Shīr Berteifi < Sir Aberteifi

Before a vowel loses the vowel to become the consonant cluster [br].

Aberafan > Berafan > Brafan

Aberaman > Beraman > Braman

Beronddi [bɛˡrɔnðɪ] (nf) town name; English = Brecon (= Aberhonddu [abɛrˡhɔnðɪ])
(‘Beronddu’ Tarian y Gweithiwr 06-12-1888)

Bethlam [ˡbɛθlam] (nmf) 1/ Bethlehem 2/ Bethlehem as a chapel name (= Bethlehem [ˡbɛθlɛhɛm])

bīdir [ˡbi·dɪr] (adj) dirty; remarkable, splendid, wonderful (= budr, budur [ˡbi·dɪr] = dirty)

bạchan bidir a splendid fellow, a wonderful man

own ī wēti blīno'n fidir I was tired out

Though one might expect [d] > [t]; bītir [ˡbi·tɪr] does not occur as the [d] is from an expanded consonant cluster and in such cases provection does not occur.

(Other spellings: bidir, fidir, budur, budir, fudur, fudir)

bīcal [ˡbi·kal] (nm) 1/ shepherd 2/ minister (= bugail [ˡbi·gaɪl])
bigeilid (pl) [biˡgəɪlɪd] (pl) (= bugeiliaid [biˡgəɪljaɪd])

Also: bigilid# [biˡgi·lɪd]

bishi [ˡbɪʃɪ] (adj) busy (= prysur [ˡprəsɪr])
Rw̄ ī wēti bōd yn sōbor ō fishi’n ddiwēddar I’ve been really busy recently

mà mà lē bishi iawn things are very busy here (mà = mae = there is; mà = ymà = here; ‘there is a very busy place here’)

mà’r ddoi dīcyn yn fishi jyst nawr the two of them are a bit busy at the moment
From the English word BUSY [ˡbizi], pronounced as [ˡbisi] in Welsh since [z] was not part of the Welsh sound-system at the time of the borrowing. Palatalisation later in contact with [i] characteristic of southern Welsh (bīsi > bīshi)

bisnesan [bɪˡsnɛsan] (adj) go about one’s business (= ymbrysuro [əmbrəˡsi·rɔ])
From Welsh (BUSNES = business) + (-AN verb suffix) > BUSNESAN (Gwentian spelling BISNESAN)

bita [ˡbɪta] (v) eat (= bwyta [ˡbuita])

blac [blak] (nm) blakpat (= chwilen ddu [ˡxwi·lɛn ˡði:] = black beetle)

blacs [blaks] (pl)

See also blacpatan below.

blacas [ˡblakas] (nf) black woman

From Welsh (BLAC = black) < English BLACK, + (-ES noun suffix, in Gwentian -AS): blaces > blacas

blacpatan [blakˡpatan] (nm) blackpat, cockroach (= chwilen ddu [ˡxwi·lɛn ˡði:] = black beetle)
blacpats [ˡblakpats] (pl) (= chwilod duon [ˡxwi·lɔd ˡdi·ɔn] = black beetle)

See also: blac

yn ddu o flacpats covered in blackpats, black with blackpats

(delwedd B0463b)

(delwedd B0443)

Duw a helpo pob eglwys sydd a'r "dyn croes" ynddi! "Pwt y gynnen" y gelwir ef yn fwyaf cyffredin, ond darluniodd hen weinidog profiadol ef fel hwyad yn y ffynnon, yn tryblu ac yn llygru dwfr tê y cymdogion; neu fel "black patan" mewn "tarten jam" fyddys yn ei chnoi yn y genau

(delwedd B0464)

Fe startas o dan y pwll gyta'r fireman - bachan ifanc a mwstash coch; odd a yn wilia yn dawal right, a chap bach crop ar i ben a. Ar y ffordd i weld y talcan, fe etho i trwy ryw lefydd rhyfedd iawn gyta fa yn ddou ddwbwl, nes odd y nghefan i just a thori yn ddou a amser on i'n mynd mlan rodd y wys yn dropan lawr fel pistyll oddiar y nhrwyn i. O'r diwadd, fe welas y talcan odd i fod i fi. Talcan bach piwr yn wir; ond fe geso i ofan gwitho ynddo - rodd y blackpats bron a llanw'r lle, a'r colliars mor dduad a Zulus, ac yn gwitho heb i crysa. Ma nhw yn dweyd fod...

Childhood memories

By Joan Rees, Cwmaman, Aberdare

I was born in 1938. My parents often told stories of how they lived through the 1920s. Glanaman Road was virtually on the mountain, and yet almost in a coal yard for Fforchaman Colliery (Brown's pit). Its trucks of coal and stockpile of timber logs were on our doorstep.

We all bathed in turn in the same tin bath in front of the huge coal fire using water boiled on our living room coal fire grate.

The blackleaded grate was the essential part of living. It heated the water, cooked the food, toasted our bread, warmed our chilblained toes, dried the sticks for next day's fire and aired the clothes. There was a darker side to the comfort of our fireplace - at night the blackpats (beetles) invaded our 'territory'. ‘Coal House AT war’. http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/coalhouse2/sites/memories/pages/119317148723868653933.shtml

...across the street wasa public bakehouse where cockroaches (we called them blackpats) bred like flies and often sent out raiding parties across the road to colonise us Knock 'Em Cold, Kid. Elaine Morgan. 2012

ORIGIN: From West-Midland English BLACKBAT (BLACK) + (BAT?) > south-eastern-Wales English BLACKPAT > Welsh BLACPAT-

(or else English BLACKBAT > Welsh BLACBAT > BLACPAT > south-eastern-Wales English BLACKPAT.

BAT is a short form in English of the name Bartholomew; this might be the origin of BAT in the insect name.

Cf ‘BLACK-BOB.— A black beetle’. A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialect Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’).

In the Berkshire name ‘Bob’ is presumably the short form of Robert.

Also, in Worcestershire, another beetle is referred to as a ‘bat’ – a ‘rainbat’ is a beetle which appears when it is about to rain.

(delwedd B0439a)

Why PAT istead of BAT?

Possibly this is the influence of Welsh consonant cluster [kp] which has replaced [kb]

e.g. deg + punt > (degbunt / ten pounds [in money]) > decpunt,

deg + pwys > (degbwys / ten pounds [in weight]) > decpwys,

However [kb] is also current:

crog + pren (hang- + tree) has given crocbren (though in Cornish krokprenn, and Middle Breton (in modern Breton spelling) 'kroukprenn'), and

crog + pris (hang- + price = extortionate price) is crocbris;

ffacbys (= lentils) from English vatch < vetch + Welsh pys = peas.

In English, PAT is also a fond form of MARTHA, though it seems unlikely to be the final element in BLACPAT, since BLACKBAT seems to be the original form (Also for Patrick, though this is only a current name in England in recent times with massive immigration from Ireland especially from the 1840s onwards).

(Other spellings and forms: blac-pat, blac-pad, blacpaten, blacpaden, blacpadyn, blac-pats, blac-pads, flacpat, flacpats, flacpaten, flacpatan, flacpadyn, flac-pats, flac-pads, black patan; in English: blackpat, blackpats, black pat, black pats, black pad, black pads, blackpad, blackpads)

(delwedd B0404)

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(delwedd B0403)

Tarian y Gweithiwr. 1 October 1908.

...ond nis gallai Wil siarad gair. Yr oedd y cyfan megys breuddwyd; ond chwareu teg iddo, yr oedd yn medru gweled os nad allai siarad, ac meddai wedi hyn, ar ol cyrhaedd terra firma, onid oedd pethau yn edrych yn rhyfedd wrth edrych i lawr arnynt? Yr oedd y dynion yn y gwaelod yn edrycb lawer yn llai na’r blackpats sydd yn stabl ochr South, ac yn wir, Mr Go., mae yna egwyddor o wirionedd amlwg yn y dywediad, un bach yw dyn pan edrychir i lawr arno; ac efallai fod ambell un yn bur hoff o fanteisio ar fan priodol i gael good look down ar rywun, neu rhywrai; ac, yn wir, dyma ei unig gyfle, tra ar bob adeg a safle arall rhaid iddynt ymostwng i edrych i fyny.

But Wil couldn’t speak a word. It was all like a dream; but to give him his due / fair play to him, he could see that if he couldn’t speak, and he said this afterwards, after reaching terra firma, didn’t things look strange looking down on them? The men at the bottom looked a lot smaller than the blackpats that are in the stable at the side of the South [shaft], and indeed, mr. Editor, there is a principle of obvious truth in the saying, a man is small when he is looked down upon; and maybe some people are very fond of taking advantage of an appropiate place to have a ‘good look down’ on someone, or some other people; and, indeed, that is his only opportunity, as on every other occasion or in every other position they must bend down / submit to look up.

▼

(delwedd 5827)

Words and Phrases Used in South-east Worcestershire. Jesse Sailisbury. 1893.

Blackbat, (substantive). The blackbeetle, or cockroach. West Worcestershire, and elsewhere.

A memory of Sparkbrook in 1950 by Janet Devine. Colville Road, Sparkbrook [Birmingham; formerly Worcestershire]. I was born at 4 Back, 34 Colville Road in January 1950. These back houses were very small with a shared outside toilet. We had all manner of creatures that lived there too, massive spiders, blackbats and beetles that lived the coal cupboard which was in the kitchen.... www.francisfrith.com

▼

(delwedd 5972)

Evening Express (Cardiff) 3 June 1898. “Ah!” said a summer visitor, who had heard a great deal of the universality of music in Wales. "Ah!" he said to his landlady at Penarth, “I should so like to see the country cottages of your Welsh Valleys. with Mozart in the parlour and Beethoven in the kitchen.” “Beetoving in the kitching?" cried his landlady with disgust; "just let me ketch Beetovings in my kitching! I'd go for em with shovel, I would. We calls ’em 'black pats' in Wales, sir, the nasty things!”

▼

Sometimes a minister, wishing to chide those who didn’t attend the morning service, would facetiously refer to them as black pads, a colloquial name for a species of cockroach which came out only at night... I think that perhaps my parents fell into the black pad category of chapelgoers when I was a child... (Childhood in a Welsh Mining Valley. Vivian Jones. 2017).

▼

birminghamhistory.co.uk

thanks very much mikjee . i didnt have it quite right so that helps and now i know where it is. and i can see the vinegar factory [Westley Street, Birmingham] where the blackbats (beetles) came out from at night. (chinnychinn, Jul 8, 2009)

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birminghamhistory.co.uk

Our house was crawling with Blackbats, we had Mice, the occasional Rat, silverfish, Nits and at least 4 million Spiders...I actually went to Dudley Zoo to get AWAY from wildlife not see it. (Kandor, Apr 14, 2004)

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birminghamforum.co.uk

Re: Old Brummie sayings got any?... check ya boot for blackbats. (Ray Harrison, January 03, 2014).

blagard [ˡblagard] (nm) villain, scoundrel, bully (= adyn [ˡadɪn], dihiryn [dɪˡhi·rɪn], blagard [ˡblagard])

blagardz# [ˡblagardz] (nm) villain, scoundrel, bully (= adynod [aˡdənɔd], blagardiaid [blaˡgardjaid])

Also blagiar (pl) blagiarz [ˡblagjar, ˡblagjarz]

Origin: English BLAGGARD < BLACKGUARD (BLACK + GUARD). Used originally of kitchen workers in a large house, probably ironically in the sense of an army of servants or workers. Later the sense developed to ‘person of the criminal classes; low, contemptuous, vile individual’.

(Worcestershire): Upton on Severn Words and Phrases. Robert Lawson. English Dialect Society. 1884. BLAGGERD, n. Pron. (pronunciation) of blackguard. One addicted to swearing and low language.

blagardath [blaˡgardaθ] (v) abuse, insulting language (= difrio [dɪˡfri·ɔ], blagardiaeth blaˡgardjaɪθ])

(Merthyr Times 19-03-1896)

blagardo [blaˡgardɔ] (v) abuse, insult (= difrio [dɪˡfri·ɔ])

blagardo dȳn yn ī gēfan insult somebody or talk disparaginly of somebody behind his back

(BLAGARD) + (verbal suffix -IO) > BLAGARDIO > BLAGARDO

blān [bla:n. See blɛ̄n [blɛ:n]

blasto [ˡblastɔ] (v) blast (= blastio [ˡblastjɔ])
From the English word BLAST (+ verb suffix -IO) > BLASTIO > BLASTO

blēcid [ˡble·kɪd] (conj) because (= oherwydd [o: ˡhe·ruið])

blẹcid fel w* ī wẹti gweid ō’r ble**n because as I’ve said before

bleina [ˡbləɪna] (adj) first, foremost (= blaenaf [bləɪnav])

y ddwy lein fleina the first two lines

bleina [ˡbləɪna] (pl) See blaen [blaɪn] top; source of a river

Y Bleina [ə ˡbləɪna] town in Gwent (Y Blaenau [ə ˡbləɪnaɪ])

Y Blīna might be expected; the spelling occurs but in English contexts, and seems to represent an English pronunciation [blaɪnə]

Bleina Morgannwg [ˡbləɪna mɔrˡganʊg] the uplands of Morgannwg (in contradistinction to Brō Morgannwg (= the lowlands of Morgannwg, Englished as the ‘Vale of Glamorgan’) (= Blaenau Morgannwg [ˡbləɪnaɪ mɔrˡganʊg])

blɛ̄n [blɛ:n] (nm) top; source of a river (= blaen [blaɪn])
bleina, blīna# [ˡbləɪna, ˡbli·na] (= blaenau [ˡbləɪnaɪ])

blīna [ˡblīna]. See blaen [blaɪn] = top; source of a river; Y Bleina (town in Gwent); bleina (= foremost, first)

blôc [blo:k] (nm) bloke, fellow (= dyn [di:n])
blôcs [blo:ks] (pl) (= dynion [ˡdənjɔn])
From the English word BLOKE

blongad [ˡblɔŋad] (v) belong (= perthyn [ˡpɛrθɪn])

popath sy*’n blongad ī nī everything that belongs to us

blōtyn [ˡblo·tɪn] (nm) flower (= blodyn [ˡblo·dɪn], blodeuyn [blɔˡdəɪɪn])
blōta [ˡblo·ta] (pl) flowers (= blodau [ˡblo·daɪ])

blōtyn gwyn a white flower

blōta cawl marigolds (‘flowers [of] broth’, ‘broth flowers’)

mà dīcon ō flōta’n yr ardd there are plenty more fish in the sea

(delwedd B0407)

Carmarthen Weekly Reporter. 18 Mai 1917. (Misprints corrected) We are apt to think that a good many kinds of grain which have not been much used in this country during the last thirty years are complete novelties. How many people in this country have ever thought of millet being used as a human food? Yet it has been used as human food in this country in the 18th century — at the Bluecoat School at any rate. Charles Lamb, the famous essayist, was at the Bluecoat School from 1783 until 1790. He speaks of "Monday's milk porridge blue and tasteless" and of "Wednesday's mess of millet." Nothing in the way of food appeared to be very acceptable to him for he did not even like Thursday's fresh boiled beef because it had "detestable marigolds floating in the pail to poison the broth." There is something very homely to people in the rural districts of Wales about the reference to marigolds. There is a peculiar variety of marigolds which is used for broth and whose value is so recognised in this respect that they are known as "Blodau Cawl" (broth flowers) or even "Cawl" for short. There are marigolds of course which are "florists' flowers" but any stranger who grows them in a Welsh neighbourhood need not be hurt if his friends congratulate him on the fine display and tell him that he can make beautiful broth out of that lot. In Lamb's time marigold was recognised in England as a "savoury"; it had not been ousted by Indian curries and other foreign spices. In English gardens the marigold now rivals the aster; but in Welsh country gardens it rivals the onion.

blynydda [bləˡnəða] (years. See blwyddyn.

blynydda [bləˡnəða] (years. See blwyddyn.

boi-sgówt [bɔɪˡsgout] (nm) boy scout (= sgowt [sgout])
boi-sgówts [bɔɪˡsgouts] (pl) boy scouts (= sgowtiaid [ˡsgoutjaɪd])

bonēddig [bɔˡne·ðɪg] (adj) gentlemanly, gentlewomanly, noble (= bonheddig [bɔˡnhe·ðɪg])
Also bynēddig [bəˡne·ðɪg]

bòla [ˡbɔla] (nm) stomach (= bol [ˡbɔl])

cɛ̄l caws ō fòla cī be impossible, to futilely try to get back something which has been lost for ever (“get cheese from (the) stomach (of) (a) dog” [once the dog has eaten it])

bopa [ˡbɔpa] (nf) 1/ auntie (sister of a father or mother); term of address 2/ auntie = wife of an uncle; term of address 3/ auntie = term of address for a woman who is not a member of the family but is, for example, a neighbour or friend of the parents (= modryb [ˡmɔdrɪb]) 4/ bopa / ên bopa effeminate man

A word confined to the south-east; in origin, a child’s word for an aunt, evidently a form of modryb.
A possible explanation is: 
(1) modryb / motryb probably reduced to mòb, 
(2) with the addition of a diminutive -a; (moba). 
(3) In Welsh initial b and m can interchange (boba). 
(4) In the south-east, a b- at the beginning of a final syllable is devoiced to p- (bopa).

bōra [ˡbo·ra] (nm) morning (= bore [ˡbo·rɛ]])
borïa [bɔˡria] (= boreuau [bɔˡrəɪaɪ])

Also boreia# [bɔˡrəɪa]

bōra dɛ̄ good morning

bōra dy* Sạtwn on Saturrday morning

(Other spellings: bora, borua, boria, boreia, boreua)

bord [bɔrd] (nf) table (= bwrdd [bʊrð], bord [bɔrd])
bordydd [ˡbɔrdɪð] (= byrddau [ˡbərðaɪ], bordydd [ˡbɔrdɪð])

botas [ˡbɔtas] (nf) boot (= botasen [bɔˡtasɛn])
botasa [bɔˡtasa] (pl) boot (= botasau [bɔˡtasaɪ])
Gwesty’r Fotas Boot Inn, Merthyrtudful (Y Darian 25-06-1916)

bràgo [ˡbragɔ] (v) 1/ brag, boast (= ymffrostio [əmˡfrɔstjɔ]) 2/ extol the virtues of, talk about admiringly
(Other spellings: brago, braggo)

braich [braɪx] (nm) arm (= braich [braɪx])

breicha [ˡbrəɪxa] (pl) (arms) (= breichiau [ˡbrəɪxjaɪ])
Also brīcha [ˡbri·xa]

braith [braɪθ] (adj) feminine form of brīth [bri:θ])

Braman [ˡbraman] (nf) place name (= Aberaman [aberˡaman])
Village in the Cynon valley (the confluence of Aman, place where the Aman stream flows into the river Cynon; 
aber = confluence (used with the name of a tributary) + Aman (river name)
In Gwentian, Aberaman > Beraman > Braman
(1) the initial vowel, which is unaccented, drops away (a very common phenomenon in spoken Welsh) 
(2) the vowel in the pretonic syllable drops away to give a consonant cluster br-

brạti [ˡbra·tɪ] (v) to waste, to use needlessly (= afradu [aˡvra·di], gwastraffu [gwasˡtra·fi])
From afradu = to waste; af- = negative prefix, rhad = grace, -u = suffix to form verbs. Afradu > ‘fradu. Because f [v] is often a soft-mutated form of b in some words there is a temptation to ‘restore’ this b, even where it is unjustified. Hence ’fradu > bradu. In the south-east, a d- at the beginning of a final syllable is devoiced to t- (bratu). Here in this dictionary we use ‘i’ for ‘u’, thus brati.

(Other spellings: bratu)

brawd [braud] (nm) 1/ brother = relative 2/ brother = comrade (= brawd [braud])

brōtyr [ˡbro·tɪr] (pl) (= brodyr [ˡbro·dɪr])

mà nẁ’n ddoi frawd they’re brothers (‘they are two brothers’)

(Other spellings: brotyr, brotir)

breicha [ˡbrəɪxa] (pl) (arms). See braich (= arm)

brɛ̄n [brɛ:n] (nf) crow (= brân [bra:n])

brain [braɪn] (pl) (= brain [braɪn])

swno fel brɛ̄n sound like a crow

cạni fel brɛ̄n sing like a crow

brênz [bre:nz] (nm) brains = intellectual capability (= ymenydd [əˡme·nɪð])
From English BRAINS

(Other spellings: brêns)

brēthyn [ˡbre·θɪn] (nm) cloth (= ybrethyn [ˡbre·θɪn])

(Other spellings: brethyn)

brīcha [ˡbri·xa] (pl) (arms) > braich (= arm)

(Other spellings: bricha)

bricsan [ˡbrɪksan] (nf) brick (= bricsen [ˡbrɪksɛn], priddfaen [ˡprɪðvaɪn])
brycs [brɪks] (pl) (= briciau [ˡbrɪkjaɪ], priddfeini [prɪðˡvəɪnɪ])

gwaith brics [gwaɪθ ˡbrɪks] brickworks

English BRICKS > Welsh BRICS. (BRICS) + (-EN sigulative suffix) > BRICSEN (> BRICSAN)

Brigro [ˡbrɪgrɔ] (nm) Birchgrove Colliery, Llansamlet (1845-1932) (= Llwynbedw [ɬuɪnˡbe·dʊ])

bripsyn [ˡbrɪpsɪn] (nm) pice, fragment, bit; tiny amount (= darn [darn])

Also bripshin [ˡbrɪpʃɪn]

From Norman-French BRIBE (f) (= fragment, scrap). Plural BRIBES > Welsh (BRIPS) + singulative suffix – YN) > BRIPSYN.

Modern French has the same word (BRIBE = fragment)

brīth [bri:θ] (adj)
Feminine form braith [braɪθ], plural brithion [ˡbrɪθjɔn]
(1) speckled 
(2) (bread) speckled with currants
bạra brīth currant bread (literally ‘speckled bread’)
(3) (person) shady, dubious, unsavoury, not to be trusted; bachan brith = shady type, shady character.

broc [brɔk] (adj) dappled (= cymysgliw [kəˡməsglɪu])

casag froc a dappled mare

Probably from English BROCK = an inferior horse; if not Irish BROC [brok] = speckled..

(delwedd 5904)

A Dictionary of the Kentish Dialect and Provincialisms in Use in the County of Kent

by William Douglas Parish, William Francis Shaw and John White Masters. 1888.

BROK, BROCK [brok] sb. An inferior horse. The word is used by Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, 7125

broc [brɔk] (nm) dappled horse (= ceffyl brith [ˡkɛfɪl bri:θ])

brocs [brɔks] (pl) (= ceffylau brithion [kɛˡfəlaɪ ˡbrɪθkjɔn])

(delwedd 5902)

Y Darian. 28 Hydref 1915. Brocs y Rhicos.—Yr oedd y Rhicos yn enwog un amser am y “Merlynod Brocs," cymysg-liw, tywyll a goleu, a phan y byddai ymryson rhwng pobol y cyffiniau, gelwid gwyr Rhicos yn ' 'Frocs," a hynny mewn digofaint.

The Rugos Brocks. Y Rugos was once famous for the “Brock Ponies”, of variegated colours, dark and light, and when there was contention among people of the vicinity the inhabitants of Y Rugos were called ‘Brocks’ in anger.

Brōcwr [ˡbro·kʊr] (nf) place name (= Aberogwr [a·ber ˡo·gʊr])]
Name of the the village at the estuary of this river (called by the English ‘Ogmore on Sea’). 
In Gwentian, Aberōgwr > Aberōcwr > Berōcwr > Brōcwr
(1) In Gwentian, [b d g] as the initial syllable of the final syllable are devoiced to give [p t k] 
(2) the initial vowel, which is unaccented, drops away (a very common phenomenon in spoken Welsh)
(3) the vowel in the pretonic syllable drops away to give a consonant cluster br-

bron (1) [brɔn] (nf) breast (= bron [brɔn])
bronna [ˡbrɔna] (pl) (= bronnau [ˡbrɔnaɪ])

bron (2) [brɔn] (adv) almost (= bron [brɔn])
bron pawb almost everybody

bryn [brɪn] (nm) hill (= bryn [brɪn])
brynna [ˡbrəna] (pl) (= bryniau [ˡbrənjaɪ])

Y Brynna [ə ˡbrəna] village name (the official name is the Gwentian form, rather than the literary Welsh form which would be Y Bryniau [ə ˡbrənjaɪ])

bwa [bu·a] (nm) 1/ bow 2/ arch (= bwa [bu·a])

bwa’r wibran rainbow (‘bow (of the) sky’)

From Old English or Middle English

Cf Dialect Words from North Somerset

Bow = Hump-backed stone bridge over water-course

http://www.ycccart.co.uk/index_htm_files/Dialect%20words%20in%20reports-2.pdf

bw̄cwth [ˡbu·kʊθ] (v) threaten (= bygwth [ˡbəgəθjɔ], bygwth [ˡbəgʊθ])

bŵl [bu:l] (nm) bowl (in game of bowling) (= bŵl [bu:l])
Ynys-y-bŵl ‘meadow of the bowl’, bowling field
Note the use of the singular for the plural in Gwlad y Sais (‘Land of the Englishman’ = England), Gwlad y Basg (‘Land of the Basque man’, the Basque Country).

bwm [bʊm] (nm) county court bailiff (= bwmbeili [bʊmˡbəɪlɪ]) (Y Darian 25-06-1916)
bwms (pl) [bʊmz] (pl) bailiffs (= bwmbeiliaid [bʊmbəɪˡli·aɪd])
From English BUM, a short form for BAILIFF

(delwedd 5830)

Bum, or Bum-bailey, n. a broker’s man. ‘I heerd uz how jack ‘ud got the bums in ‘is ‘ouse for rent.’ A Glossary of Words and Phrases used in S.E. Worcestershire / Jesse Salisbury / 1893.

bwriạti [bʊrˡja·tɪ] (v) intend (= bwriadu [bʊrˡja·dɪ])

bwtshwr [ˡbʊʧʊr], (nm) butcher (= cigydd [ˡki·gɪð])

bwtshwrz [ˡbʊʧʊrz] (pl) (= cigyddion [kɪˡgəðjɔn])

From English BUTCHER, with the Welsh agent suffix -WR.

bȳd [bi:d] (nm) world (= byd [bi:d])

bynēddig [bəˡne·ðɪg]. See boneddig [bɔˡne·ðɪg]

Byr- shortened form of aber in some place names
Byr-dɛ̄r for Aber-dɛ̄r
Byrtawa for Abertawa

bysa [ˡbəsa] (v) it would be > basa [ˡbasa]

bỳth [bɪθ] (adv) ever; (with negative) never

fyswn ī bỳth yn... I’d never... (= ni fuaswn byth yn.... [ni: vɪˡa·sʊn bɪθ ən..])

am bỳth for ever

Cymri am bỳth Wales for ever

NOTE: the ỳ indicates a short ‘i’ sound [ɪ] where normally in such a pattern (here a monosyllable with vowel + final ‘th’) the vowel would be long. Cf nȳth [ni:θ] = a nest

bythewnos [bəˡθɛʊnɔs] (nm). Soft-mutated form p > b. See the radical form pythewnos (= fortnight, two weeks)

byti [ˡbətɪ] butty, buddy, friend, mate (= cyfaill [ˡkəvaɪɬ])
bytiz [ˡbətɪz] (pl) (= cyfeillion [kəˡvəɪɬjɔn])
Also bÿt [bət] as a term of address.

NOTE: byti, bÿt are recent forms in south-eastern Welsh from English butty, butt.
In the case of ‘byti’, the older expression was partnar [ˡpartnar] or pantnar [ˡpantnar] (= partner).
Rather than ‘bÿt’ men were addressed as ạchan of fạchan (= boy).

Also used as a term of address was ‘brawd’ (without mutation, although the soft-mutated form ‘frawd’ might be expected’)

Byti is not listed in GPC (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru) but in GYA (Geiradur yr Academi), under buddy, there is S: F: (= South Wales, Familiar / Colloquial) byti m[asculine noun] (bytis).

1/ The word ‘butty’ was used by Forest of Dean miners in Gloucestershire, in England, just over the Welsh border.

Keith Morgan / BBC Where I Live – Gloucestershire / 'Ow bist thee awld butty?', the butty zyztem wuz a woy o' payment in the pit wer the Butty Mon ould poy out a group o' miners workin' under 'im. But the word 'Butty' wuz alzo uzed az a word ver yer vrend ar mate. (= How are you, old butty / old mate? – the butty system was a way of payment in the pit where the Butty Man would pay out a group of miners working under him. But the word ‘butty’ was also used as a word for your friend or mate.) http://www.bbc.co.uk/gloucestershire/voices2005/glossary.shtml

2/ (Worcestershire): Upton on Severn Words and Phrases. Robert Lawson. English Dialect Society. 1884. BUTTY, n. A mate, or fellow-workman. A butty gang is a gang of men who share equally. (Et(ymological) Dict(ionary).

bywyd [ˡbəwɪd] (nm) life (= bywyd [ˡbəwɪd])
bywyta [bəˡwəta] (pl) lives (= bywydau [bəˡwədaɪ])

cā [ka:]. See cɛ̄ [kɛ:]

cacamwci [kakaˡmʊkɪ] (nm) burdock (Arctium Lappa) (= cyngaf mawr [ˡkəŋgav ˡmaur])
glyni wth (rwpath) ishta cacamwci
(Adapted from ‘Gobeithio y glŷn yr enw wrthynt fel topyn cacamwci’ Y Darian 25 Rhagfyr 1919)

(delwedd 5669)

cāl [ka:l]. See cɛ̄l [kɛ:l] (= get)

calch [kalx] (nm) lime, chalk (= calch [kalx])

Also: cialch [kjalx]

càlon [ˡkalɔn] (nf) heart (= calon [ˡkalɔn])
ī chī'n gweyd càlon y gwīr you’re quite right (‘you’re saying the heart of the truth’)

gobītho ō gàlon fōd a... I really hope that he.. (‘hope + from + heart’)

NOTE: à in the spelling because the vowel is short; before ‘l’ we might expect a half-long vowel, but historically the ‘l’ was a geminate, though there is no special letter in Welsh to show this (Catalan has l·l, for example))

cam [kam] (nm) an injustice, a wong (= cam [kam])
cɛ̄l cam (gan) be wronged by, be done an injustice (by) (‘get injustice with’)

camol [ˡkamɔl] (v) praise (= canmol [ˡkanmɔl])

campis [ˡkampɪs] (adj) excellent (= campus [ˡkampɪs])

camsynad [kamˡsənad] (v) be mistaken, make a mistake (= camsynied [kamˡsənjɛd]
NOTES: (1) typical of the south is the loss of the consonantal i at the beginning of a final syllable 
(2) In the south-east, a final e > a.
os nɛ̄g w̄ ī’n camsynad ( = os nad wyf yn camsynied) if I’m not mistaken

can [kan] (nm) flour (= blawd [blaud])
NOTES: Can is the southern word for flour, standard blawd.
It is connected with the adjective cannaid (= white, gleaming white). 
By Merthyrtudful there is a stream name Cannaid, and a village Abercannaid. 

The Latin word ‘candidus’ is related to the Welsh word; it appears in English derivatives as ‘candid’ (= frank), ‘candidate’ (in Latin, candidatus = someone dressed in a white gown). 

Blawd (= flour) is related to blodeuyn / blodyn (= flower), just as in English “flour” and “flower” are in fact one and the same word, albeit with different spellings. 

In Catalan, ‘the best part of the flour, top-quality flour’ is la flor de la farina, and in French fleur de farine, which probably explains how of blawd- (= flower) in Welsh and flower in English developed this new meaning: flower > the best part of the powder of milled grain > the powder of milled grain in general. 

In the south-west of Wales fflŵr is used - from the Middle English pronunciation of ‘flour’ [flu:r]

cân [ka:n] > cɛ̄n [kɛ:n] (= song)

canddo [ˡkanðɔ] (nm) fox (= llwynog [ˡɬuɪnɔg]; cadno [ˡkadnɔ])
cenddi [ˡkɛnðɪ] (pl) foxes (= llwynogod [ɬuɪˡnɔgɔd]; cadnöid [kadˡno·ɪd])
Metathesis of the southern form cadno > canddo
Also cynddo [ˡkənðɔ]

In New Inn, Pont-y-pŵl there is a wood called Coed y Canddo (‘(the) wood (of) the fox’) (or, locally, it would be Cōd y Canddo / Cōd Canddo).

In Blaenafon there is Twyn Carn Canddo (= twyn carn y canddo) (‘the) hill (of) (the) cairn (of) the fox’, fox-cairn hill). The ‘intermediate definite article’is often lost in place names.

can’ [ˡkanɔð] (pl) hundreds > cant [kant] hundred

cant [kant] (nm) hundred (= cant [kant])
cannodd [ˡkanɔð] (pl) hundreds (= cannoedd [ˡkanɔið])

dēg y cant ten per cent

carc [kark] (nm) care, caution (= gofal [ˡgo·val])
NOTE: From an English word CARC (= care), from Norman, from Latin CARCÂRE < CARRICÂRE (= load, take charge of)

carej [ˡkarɛʤ] (nf) carriage (= cerbyd [ˡkɛrbɪd])
cárejiz [ˡkarɛʤɪz] (pl) riage (= cerbydau [kɛrˡbədaɪ])

From English CARREDGE (= carriage – act of carrying, or a vehicle) < French

(delwedd B0415)

(delwedd B0418)

Carffīli [karˡfi·lɪ] (nf) name of a town, spelt as Caerphilly in English (= Caerffili [kaɪrˡfi·lɪ])

Also: Cyrffīli [kərˡfi·lɪ]

carn [karn] (nf) 1/ cairn 2/ great quantity of, loads of (= carn [karn])
carna [ˡkarna] (pl) (= carnau [ˡkarnai])

carn ō ddynon a great many people

carrag [ˡkarag] (nf) stone (= carreg [ˡkarɛg])
cerrig (pl) [ˡkɛrɪg] stones (= cerrig [ˡkɛrɪg])

cās [ka:s] > cɛ̄s [kɛ:s] (= nasty, bad)

cās [ka:s] > cɛ̄s [kɛ:s] (= he / she / it got)

casag [ˡkasag] (nf) mare (= caseg [ˡkasɛg])
cesyg (pl) [ˡkɛsɪg] mares (= cesyg [ˡkɛsɪg])

castall [ˡkastaɬ] (nf) castle (= castell [ˡkastɛɬ])
castella (pl) [kaˡstɛɬa] castles (= cestyll [ˡkɛstɪɬ])
Latin CASTELLUM > Brythonic > Welsh CASTELL (> Gwentian Welsh CASTALL)

cạtar [ˡka·tar] (nf) chair (= cadair [ˡka·daɪr])
cadeira (pl) [kaˡdɛrɪg] stones (= cerrig [ˡkɛrɪg])

cạtarn [ˡka·tarn] (adj) strong (= cadarn [ˡka·darn])

cāth [ka:θ] > cɛ̄th [kɛ:θ] (= cat)

cạtw [ˡka·tʊ] (v) keep (= cadw [ˡka·dʊ])

cạtw’ch gair keep your word, do what you have promised to do

(Other forms and spellings: catw, ciatw, gatw, giatw, chatw)

cēfan [ˡke·van] (nm) back (= cefen [ˡke·vɛn])
cefna (pl) [ˡkɛvna] stones (= cerrig [ˡkɛrɪg])

See also cen-

cɛ̄ [kɛ:] (nm) field (= cae [kaɪ)]
cīa [ˡki·a] (pl) fields (= caeau [ˡkəɪaɪ])
Pen-cɛ̄ [pɛnˡkɛ:] older name for Glynebwy / Ebbw Vale (pen y cae = (place at) (the) end (of) the field))

Y Cēfan [ə ˡke·van] (nm) short form for place names with ‘cēfan’ as the first element (= Y Cefn [ə ˡke·vɛn])

1/ Cefncoedycymer 2/ Cefncribwr

ar y Cēfan in Cefncoedycymer (Y Goleuad 16-01-1901)

Y Cēfan-cōch [ə ˡke·van ˡko:x] (nm) place name (the red back / ridge) (= Y Cefn-coch [ə ˡke·vɛn ˡko:x])

(delwedd 5954)

Cēfancrīpwr [ˡke·van ˡkri·pʊr] (nm) village name; this former mining village is about a mile in length along the top of a ridge (= Cefncribwr [ˡke·vɛn ˡkri·bʊr])

mā fa’n byw ar Gēfancrīpwr he lives in Cefncribwr (Tarian y Gweithiwr 10 Medi 1896: byw ar Gefan Cripwr)

Y Cēfan short name for the village

The name as it stands today suggests that the underlying form is 'cefn y cribwr' i.e. '(the) hill (of) the woolcomber'.

In place names the 'linking definite article' (y) is often dropped, hence 'cefn cribwr'.

However, earlier forms have 'cribor'(1) which suggests that the second element is some derivative form of 'crib', meaning 'ridge'.

A popular interpretation of the name in the past was that it was 'Cefn Cribwr' '(the) ridge (of) Cribwr', Cribwr being the name of a giant. (2)

In the nineteenth-century the name was misspelt with a double 'b' in English (Cefn Cribbwr), as a single 'b' to English-speakers suggests that the first syllable should be pronounced as the English word 'cry'.

The correct Welsh spelling for the ridge itself is Cefn Cribwr, and for the village Cefncribwr. This is a useful spelling convention that has evolved in modern Welsh and was set out in .... (3)

The Gwentian name (i.e. the name in south-eastern Welsh, or the regional variety of Welsh spoken in Monmouthshire and Glamorganshire) was Cefan Cripwr [ke·van kri·pur] (4)

cēffyl [ˡke·fɪl] (nm) horse (= ceffyl [ˡke·fɪl])
ceffyla [kɛˡfəla] (pl) horses (= ceffylau [kɛˡfəlaɪ])
Also: cyffyla [kəˡfəla]

cefnōcath [kɛvˡno·kaθ] (nf) support, backing (= cefnogaeth [kɛvˡno·gaɪθ])

ceibir [ˡkəɪbɪr] (v) roof beam (= ceibr [ˡkəɪbɪr])
ceibra [ˡkəɪbra] (pl) (= ceibrau [ˡkəɪbraɪ])
The word is seen in the village name Penrwceibir (= Pen-rhiw’r-ceibr / Pen-rhiw-ceibr)

ceiad [ˡkəɪad] (v) to close, to shut (= cau [kaɪ])
Also cīad [ˡki·ad]

ceisho [ˡkəɪʃɔ] (v) try (= ceisio [ˡkəɪʃɔ, ˡkəɪsjɔ])
Also cīsho [ˡki·ʃɔ]

cɛ̄l [kɛ:l] (v) get (= cael [kaɪl])
cɛ̄l annwd catch a cold, get a cold

cemist [ˡkɛmɪst] (nm) chemist (= fferyllydd [fɛˡrəɬɪð], cemist [ˡkɛmɪst])
cemists [ˡkɛmɪsts] (pl) chemists (= fferyllwyr [fɛˡrəɬwɪr], cemist [kɛˡmɪstjaɪd])

cen- [kɛn] (-) a reduction of cefn (= back, hill) as a first element in certain in place names. See Cen-don.

(cen- is also the first - but unrelated - element in cefnder = cousin. See cendar.)

cɛ̄n [kɛ:n] (nf) song (= cân [ka:n])

canīon [kaˡni·ɔn] (= caneuon [kaˡnəɪɔn])

Other spellings and forms: canuon, canion

cendar [ˡkɛndar] (nm) (male) cousin (= cefnder [ˡkɛvndɛr])

CEFNDER > (loss of [v]) > CENDER (> Gwentian CENDAR)

Cendon [ˡkɛndɔn] (nm) place name (= Cefndon [ˡkɛvndɔn])

(CEFN = ridge) + soft mutation + (TON = greensward, grassland) ‘ridge greensward, greensward on a ridge’

(delwedd 5951)

cēra [ˡke·ra] (v) go (second person singular imperative) (= cer [kɛr])

cēra draw i’r shop go down to the shop, go up to the shop, go out to the shop

cèrad [ˡkɛrad] (v) walk (= cerdded [ˡkɛrðɛd])
NOTE: The basic southern spoken form of cerdded is cèred (loss of dd) and this is the usual form in south-west Wales. In the south east, final e > a, hence cèred > cèrad

cɛ̄s [kɛ:s] (adj) nasty, bad (= cas [ka:s])

mwn llawar cɛ̄s in many cases

cɛ̄s [kɛ:s] (v) he / she / it got (= caf’ [ˡkavɔð])

(Other spellings: cas, ces, cês, caes, ceâs)

cɛ̄th [kɛ:θ] (nf) cat (= cath [ka:θ])
cạtha [ˡka·θa] (pl) cats (= cathod [ˡka·θɔd])
fel cɛ̄th Jenni Shâms ā’i phawen ym mopath ond yr īn sȳdd īsha īddo fōd be interfering in everything and not attending to one’s own business (adapted from Y Darian 28 Chwefror 1889)

cetyn [ˡkɛtɪn] (nm) 1/ fragment 2/ short while (= tipyn [ˡtɪpɪn])

ÿs cetyn 1/ a while ago; 2/ for a while

(CAT = fragment) + (-YN diminutive suffix) > *CATYN > CETYN (vowel affection A > E)

(Other forms and spellings: getyn, cetin, getin, chetyn, chetin)

chà [xa] (v) bring (= dewch â [deux ˡa:])

DEWCH Â > DEWCHA > (loss of the first pretonic syllable in a phrase e.g. DEWCHA’R BARA... = CHÀ’R BARA)

Noted by T. Arwyn Watkins, The Accent in Cwm Tawe Welsh

chytig [ˡxətɪg] (nm) a little bit; very few people (= ychydig [əˡxədɪg])
chytig iawn ōdd ar y cei very few people were on the quay

YCHYDIG > Gwentian YCHYTIG > (loss of pre-tonic syllable) CHYTIG

ceisho [ˡkəɪʃɔ] (v) try (= ceisio [ˡkəɪʃɔ, ˡkəɪsjɔ])
Also cīsho [ˡki·ʃɔ]

cī[ki:] (nm) dog (= ci [ki:])
cw^n [ku:n] (= cw^n [ku:n])

Ci Sodlo - An underling. “Mae e'n folon bod yn gi sodlo i bawb." (He is willing to be un underling to everybody).
Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.

cīlo [ˡki·lɔ] (v) retreat (= cilio [ˡkɪljɔ])

Mà’r glaw wēti cīlo the rain’s moved off

cīs [ki:s] (nm) kiss (= cusan [ˡkɪsan])
cisa# [ˡkɪsa] (pl) (= cusanau [ˡkɪsa·naɪ])
From Old English CUSS (= kiss). Standard CUSAN is probably (CUS) + (-AN = diminutive suffix). Cf German DER KUSS (= kiss), Dutch DE KUS (nm) (= kiss), Swiss German KÜSSLI / CHÜSSLI.
Ō’r lìli fɛ̄ch rō gīs ī mī (< o’r lili fach rho gus i mi) (Tarian y Gweithiwr 06-12-1888)

cisan [ˡkɪsan] (nm) kiss (= cusan [ˡkɪsan])
cisạna# [ˡkɪsa·na] (pl) (= cusanau [ˡkɪsa·naɪ])
rō gisan eto (< rho gusan eto) (Tarian y Gweithiwr 06-12-1888) give me another kiss (‘give a kiss again’)
ORIGIN: See cīs

cīsho [ˡki·ʃɔ]. See ceisho

citsho [ˡkɪʧɔ] (v) get hold of (= cydio [ˡkədjɔ])

ī gitshas ī yn y ffon I got hold of the stick

(Other forms and spellings: citcho, citchas, gitchas, citshas, chitcho, gitshas, chitchas, chitshas, citchws, gitchws, citshws, gitshws, chitchws, chitshws, citchon, gitchon, citshon, gitshon, chitchon, chitshon)

cīwaid [ˡki·waɪd] (nf) rabble, mob, scum, lowlifes (= ciwed [ˡki·wɛd])
Welsh < British < Latin CĪVITĀS (= citizenship; citizenry, community; Celtic tribe or subkingdom under Roman rule in Gaul and Britain)

ciwt [kiut] (adj) cunniong (= cyfrwys [ˡkəvruɪs])

mà gwȳr y cwils mōr giwt â’r gaffars bōb tamad (11-06-1899 Tarian y Gweithiwr) The lawyers are every bit as cunning as the employers

English CUTE < ACUTE

clādd [kla:ð]. See clɛ̄dd [klɛ:ð]

clạddi [ˡkla·ðɪ] (v) bury (= claddu [ˡkla·ðɪ])

clapo [ˡklapɔ] (v) clap, applaud (= curo dwylo [ˡki·rɔ ˡduilɔ])

clapo mawr great applause
From English CLAP (CLAP) + (-IO verbal suffix) > CLAPIO > CLAPO

clarc [klark] (nm) clerk (= clerc [klɛrk])
From English CLERK [klark]

clàs [klas] (nm) 1/ class = lesson 2/ class = group of people (= dosbarth [ˡdɔsbarθ])

Wath fe all y beirdds shiffto heb docins yn well na dim un class arall, wath ma nhw yn byw y rhau fwya o'u hamsar yn myd yr ysbrydoedd, lle nag yw bara chaws ddim yn y ffashwn, a ma nhw yn gallu byw yn hen, hen, ar scili Ceridwen; (Tarian y Gweithiwr. 27 Gorffennaf 1899)

Because the poets can get by / can manage without money better than any other class [of people], because they live most of their time in the world of spirits, where bread and cheese is not in fashion, and they can live to be very old (to be old, old) on Ceridwen’s skilly (= bread and water)
From English CLASS

clasgi [ˡklasgɪ] (v) collect (= casglu [ˡkasglɪ])
Metathesised form of CLASGU.
See kimkat0926e Nodweddion y Wenhwyseg / Features of Gwentian.

clatshan [ˡklaʧan] (nf) 1/ blow (= ergyd [ˡɛrgɪd]) 2/ attractive female, stunner (= merch aruthrol o hardd [ˡmɛrx aˡrɪθrɔl o: ˡharð])

clatshiz [klaʧɪz] (pl) (= ergydion [ɛrgədˡjɔn])

From English dialect CLATCH = a slap. Cf A Scots Dialect Dictionary, Comprising The Words In Use From The Latter Part Of The Seventeenth Century To The Present Day. Alexander Warrack, M.A. 1911.Clatch...a slap with the palm of the hand; the noise of the collision of soft bodies or

of a heavy fall.

clawd [klaud] (adj) poor (= tlawd [tlaud])
Clawd ā balch ā byw mwn gōpath = poor and pround and living in hope
(an answer to the question Shẁd ī chī? = How are you?)

Cf 1/ the village nickname for Pons-an-woedh (Ponsanooth) in Cornwall: Poor and Proud.
2/ Said also to refer formerly to the inhabitants of County Laois in Ireland- ‘the poor and pround’.
3/ Also said of the village of Harborne in Staffordshire: Hungry Harborne, poor and proud.

clean breast [kli:n ˡbrɛst] (-) (Englishism)

neid clean breast ō make a clean breast of (= confess everything you are guilty of)

clec [klɛk] (nf) 1/ sharp sound, a cracking noise, a snapping noise (= clec [klɛk]); 2/ tittle-tattle, gossip, tales, chat (= gwag-siarad [gwa:g ˡʃa·rad]) 3/ gossipmonger
clecs [klɛks] (pl) (= straeon [ˡstrəɪɔn])
pen y glec [pɛn ə ˡglɛk]) "top (of) the chat" – a place (bridge, street corner, etc) where people come together to chat after work or after a chapel service (Source: GPC)

cario clecs tell tales (‘carry gossip’)

From English CLACK (= a sharp sound; chatter).

NOTES: The West Somerset Word-Book; A Glossary Of Dialectal And Archaic Words And Phrases Used In The West Of Somerset And East Devon / Fredericf Thomas Elworthy / 1886. “Clack = Chatter. [Oa·l dhee tlaa·k, wút] Stop thy chatter, wilt!”

(= Hold thy clack, wilt [thou]!)

(delwedd 5771)

CLACK. — A woman who is always chattering. A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialect Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’)

clecian [ˡklɛkjan] (v) gossip (= clepian [ˡklɛpjan])

clɛ̄dd [klɛ:ð] (nm) interment, burial; potato clamp (= cladd [kla:ð])
dan glɛ̄dd (adv) buried
clɛ̄dd pytatws potato clamp

See also angladd (= burial, funeral).

Cf a similar concept in English. BURY. n. A storage of roots covered with earth. Pronounced as berry. (Worcestershire): Upton on Severn Words and Phrases. Robert Lawson. English Dialect Society. 1884.

(Other forms and spellings: cledd, cladd)

clēfyd [ˡkle·vɪd] (nm) illness, sickness (= clefyd [ˡkle·vɪd])

clefyta [klɛˡvəta] (pl) (= clefydau [klɛˡvədaɪ])

clēpar [ˡkle·par] (nm) talk, gossip (= mân-siarad [ˡma:n ˡʃa·rad], clebr [ˡkle·bɛr])

pwnc clēpar a talking point, a subject of discussion

rẁ glẹpar di-ben-draw constant gossip (‘some interminable gossip’)

From English GLEBBER (> Welsh CLEBER (> Gwentian CLĒPAR). The word occurs in modern Scottish Lowlandic. A Dictionary of the Scottish Language. John Jamieson. 1846. To glabber, glebber. To speak indistinctly 2 To chatter, to talk idly. Roxb[urghshire], Dumfr[iesshire]. Initial English G > Welsh C occurs in other loanwords – ‘cwter’ (street gutter), though ‘gwter’ also occurs.

clist [klɪst] (nm) ear (= clust [klɪst])

clista [ˡklɪsta] (pl) (= clustiau [ˡklɪstjaɪ])

A feminine noun in North Wales and in standard Welsh.

cloc [klɔk] (nm) clock (= clec [klɔk])

cloc Tredēcar the Tredegar clock

English CLOCK

clofersan [klɔˡvɛrsan] (nf) clover, a clover plant (= meillionen [məɪɬˡjo·nɛn])
clofars [ˡklo·vars] (pl) clover, clover plants (= meillion [ˡməɪɬjɔn])
bōd yn ÿch clōfars be in clover = be in comfort or luxury (‘be in your clovers’)
From English CLOVERS (+ singlative suffix -EN) clofersen > clofersan

clōs [klos] (adj) close, near (= agos [ˡa·gɔs])

yn glōs īdd-i gīddyl close to each other

clowt [klout] (nm) clout, blow, smack (= ergyd [ˡɛrgɪd])

clowts [klouts] (pl) (= ergydion [ˡɛrgətdjɔn])

roi cw̄pwl ō glowts ī... give a couple of clouts to...

clw̄ad [ˡklu·ad] (v) hear (= clywed [ˡkləwɛd])
chlwas i ddim am.. I heard nothing about.. I didn’t hear about.

clwtyn [ˡklʊtɪn] (nm) cloth (= cadach [ˡka·dax], clwtyn [ˡklʊtɪn])

clwta# [ˡklʊta] (pl) (= cadachau [kaˡdaxa], clytiau [ˡklətjaɪ])
clwtyn parth dishcloth

Clytach [ˡklətax] (nf) village name, Rhondda (= Clydach [ˡklədax])
Also Clitach [ˡklɪtax]

cnai [knaɪ] (v) to clean (= glanháu [glanˡhaɪ])

Also clai. Cf North Wales llnau, nhau.

Tsharli Cnai Lavz (nickname) Charlie (of the) cleaning of toilets, Charlie who cleans toilets

‘Charlie C’nau Lavs’ Llysenwau Pontardawe a'r Cylch (= nicknames of Pontardawe and the neighbouring area) http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cwmgors/Llysenwauponty.html

ORIGIN: Variant of GLANHÁU (= to clean).

cnel [knɛl] (nm) canal (= camlas [ˡkamlas])
A reduction of Welsh CANÉL, from Middle English CANÉL (= channel), from a French form with initial c- CANÉL (Francien, the dialect which is the basis of standard French, has initial ch- where other dialects have initial c-; thus from Francien CHANNÉL); ultimately from Latin CANÂLIS (= pipe, groove).
ar bont y cnel on the canal bridge

cnoian [ˡknɔɪan] (nf) nut, hazel nut; (= cneuan [ˡknəɪan])
cnoi [knɔɪ] (pl) nuts, hazel nuts; (= cnau [knaɪ])

cnithdar [ˡknɪθdar] (nf) (female) cousin (= cyfnither [kəvˡni·θɛr])
(the ‘d’ is intrusive = cnithar influenced by the final syllable of cendar (male cousin))
Twm Gŵr i Gnithdar (= nickname for a man who married his cousin) (Tarian y Gweithiwr 23-06-1876: Twm Gwr ei Gnithder, Y Graigarw, Ystalyfera)

CYFNITHER > (loss of [v]) CY’NITHER > C’NITHER > CNITHDAR (intrusive [d]) > (Gwentian CNITHDAR)

cnoi [knɔɪ] (pl) nuts, hazel nuts; (= cnau [knaɪ]) See cneian

cōd [ko:d] (nm) wood (group of trees). woodland (= coed [kɔɪd])
coidydd [ˡkɔɪdɪð] (pl) woods (= coedydd [ˡkɔɪdɪð])
yn y cōd in the wood
Common in place names in the south – Pen-coed > Pen-cōd, a village by Pen-y-bont ar Ōgwr
In the south, oe [ôi] in a monosyllable becomes a long vowel ō [o:].

Cōd-y-lai [ko:d ə ˡlaɪ] (nm) farm name; Englished as Coedely (= Coedelái [kɔɪdɛˡlaɪ])
(at Coed-y-Lai farm... Cadrawd, Cardiff Times, 22-08-1908).

cofio [ˡkɔvjɔ] (v) remember (= cofio [ˡkɔvjɔ])
cofia dī (imperative) remember, you must remember (= cofia di)

mī gofia ī am ÿch promis chī I’ll remember your promise

coi [kɔɪ] (adj) enclosed (in place names) (= cau [kaɪ])
Dôl-goi [do:l ˡgɔɪ]) (in the Tywi valley, Bethlehem, Sir Gaerfyrddin / Carmarthenshire) (= enclosed water meadow)
Ynys-goi [ˡənɪs ˡgɔɪ] (Rhondda) (= enclosed water meadow) (= Ynys-gau [ˡənɪs ˡgaɪ])

coica [ˡkɔɪka] (nm) hilltop sheepwalk (= coetgae [ˡkɔɪtgaɪ]; spelt erroneously in place names as coedcae). See Y Coica, Pencoica.

Also cotga [ˡkɔtga]
Welsh COETGAE = field < land enclosed with wood or bushes < enclosure made with wood or bushes

Y Coica [ə ˡkɔɪka] (nm) (= Y Coetgae [ə ˡkɔɪtgaɪ]. Names of various places. Wrongly spelt on maps as Coedcae, or even as Coed Cae; in the example below, the local pronunciation (coica) is reproduced in the English spelling of the name (coyca))



(delwedd 5704)

1/ Danycoica (standard Welsh Danycoetgae; spelt erroneously locally as Dan y Coedcae) name of a road in Pont-y-pridd (= dan y coetgae; (farm) below the upland grazing)

2/ ‘Coedcae’ street name in Tir-phil, Tedegar Newydd / New Tredegar. i.e. Y Coica (Gwentian) / Y Coetgae (correct standard Welsh spelling)

‘Coedcae Court’, a street in Twynyrodyn, Merthyrtudful, is mentioned thus in ‘The Commercial Gazette’ for June 22, 1876: Williams William, 18 Coika-court, Twynyrodyn... The street name seems to represent an original Coica-cwrt, Coica’r-cwrt (the upland of Y Cwrt).

coino [ˡkɔɪnɔ] (v) to coin (= bathu [ˡba·θɪ])
coino arian (‘coin money’) to make a mint, to make a lot of money, to coin it

collad [ˡkɔɬad] (nf) 1/ loss (= colled [ˡkɔɬɛd]) 2/ madness, insanity (= gwallgofrwydd [gwaɬˡgɔvrʊið])
wyrthin fel sa collad arno laugh as though he was mad (‘as if there was a madness on him’)

’ạla collad ar infuriate(‘send madness on’)

consyltashwn [kɔnsəlˡtaʃʊn] (nm) consultation (= ymgynghoriad [əmgəŋˡhɔrjad])

consyltashwnz [kɔnsəlˡtaʃʊnz] (pl) (= ymgynghoriadau [əmgəŋhɔrˡja·daɪ])

copa [ˡkɔpa] (nf) 1/ top 2/ head (= pen [pɛn])

pōb copa walltog a diwallt everybody (= every head with hair and without hair)

copor [ˡkɔpɔr] (nm) copper (= copr [ˡkɔpɔr])

gwaith copor copper works

From English COPPER

copri [ˡkɔprɪ] (v) become cloudy, get cloudy, become overcast, get overcast, become dull, get dull (= cymylu [kəˡməlɪ])

(COPOR = copper) + (-I verbal suffix)

Cf A tawny or coppery sky foretells wind. (Manual Of Navigation / Robert Assheton Napier, Lieut. R.N.R. / 1877.)

cōrad [ˡko·rad] (nf) weir (= cored [ˡko·rɛd])

Y Gōrad-ddi* Blackweir, Caer-dydd / Cardiff

cornal [ˡkɔrnal] (nm) corner (= cornel [ˡkɔrnɛl])
cornēli [kɔrˡne·lɪ] (pl) (= corneli [kɔrˡne·lɪ])

ym mōb tw̄ll ā chornal in every nook and cranny, everywhere (‘in every hole and corner’)

cornwd [ˡkɔrnʊd] (nm) boil (= cornwyd [ˡkɔrnʊɪd])
cornwdydd? = cornwydydd [kɔrˡnʊɪdɪð]

corryn [ˡkɔrɪn] (nm) spider (= pryf cop [ˡpri:v ˡkɔp])

we·ti llynci corryn be pregnant (‘[be] after swallowing (a) spider’)

cōs [ko:s] (nm) leg (= coes [kɔɪs])
coisa [ˡkɔɪsa] legs (= coesau [ˡkɔɪsaɪ])

cosach [ˡkɔsax] (v) scratch (= crafu [ˡkra·vɪ])

Cosach - To scratch. Gosach i giddyl - Said of two persons who flatter each other. Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.

cot [kɔt] (nf) coat (= côt [ko:t])

cota [ˡkɔta] (pl) (= cotiau [ˡkɔtjaɪ])

cot gwt fain tail coat

cownsil [ˡkɔunsɪl] (nm) council = local authority (= cyngor [ˡkəŋɔr])
A Cymricisation of the English word ‘council’.

cownt [kɔunt] (nm) 1/ count (= rhifiad [ˡhri·vjad]) 2/ account, report (= adroddiad [aˡdrɔðjad])

āc yn ōl pōb cownt ī nī wēdi gɛ*l according to all accounts we’ve had

English COUNT

cownto [ˡkɔuntɔ] (v) count (= rhifo [ˡhri·vɔ])
English COUNT > (Welsh COWNT) + (-IO verbal suffix) > COWNTIO > COWNTO

crạcan [ˡkra·gan] (nf) shell (= cragen [ˡkra·gɛn])
crēcyn [ˡkre·kɪn] (pl) (= cregyn [ˡkre·gɪn])
crạcan gocs, crēcyn cocs cockle shell

cramp [kramp] (nm) grip, hold, clutch (= gafael [ˡga·vaɪl])

cɛ̄l cramp ar get hold of

English CRAMP = cramp iron, clamp, < Middle Low German or Middle Dutch. Cf German DIE KRAMPE = 1/ cramp iron (strip of metal with both ends bent at a right angle); clamp 2/ staple

cratsh [kraʧ] (nm) manger crib (with f’er for cattle) (GPC: cratsh in Glamorgan, south-western cretsh) (= rhesel [ˡhrɛsɛl])
cratshyz [ˡkraʧɪz] (pl) (= rheseli [hrɛˡse·lɪ])
From English CRATCH = fodder rack

NOTE: (Herefordshire dialect) Cratch: farm rack or manger for hay
Hereford Times / 12 December 2015 / http://www.herefordtimes.com/news/14140019.55_long_lost_Herefordshire_sayings_and_words/

Cratch: a rack for hay in a stable. A Glossary Of Provincial Words Used In Herefordshire And Some Of The Adjoining Counties. Sir George Cornewall Lewis. 1839.

crefyddol [krɛˡvəðɔl] (adj) religious (= crefyddol [krɛˡvəðɔl])
Also cryfyddol [krəˡvəðɔl]. See note 4.

crēcyn [ˡkre·kɪn] shells. See crạcan

crēti [ˡkre·tɪ] (v) believe (= credu [ˡkre·dɪ] = dirty)

dw̄ ī ddim yn crēti fōd... I don’t believe that...

òs nāg y*ch chī’n y nghrẹtu ī gofynnwch chī ī Mōcyn if you don’t believe me ask Mocyn

Also cēti [ˡke·tɪ]

crōci [ˡkro·kɪ] (v) hang (= crogi [ˡkro·gɪ])
mà īsha grōci fa he ought to be hanged, he deserves to be hanged (= y mae eisiau ei grogi ef)

paso sentans ar ddȳn ī gɛ̄l ī grōci sentence a man to be hanged

crōs [kro:s] (nf) 1/ cross (= croes [kroɪs]) 2/ crossroads (= croesffordd [ˡkroɪsfɔrð])

In Treforys the village crossroads is Y Crôs, i.e. a masculine noun and so without soft mutation

cròs [krɔs] (nf) crossroads (= croes [kroɪs])

(delwedd 5971)

2 Medi 1915. Y Darian. Trebannos a'r Cylch.

Mr. Gol., - Dyma fi yn trio fy Ilaw yr wthnos hyn eto, a chan fod Nansen yn newid aer, fe fentres inê speciwleto cinog a dime am ride fach yn y moto bus mor bell a Phontardawe. Odd yr hewl dipyn bach yn arw, a'r moto dipyn yn shigledig, nes odd yr hen eilode ma yn teimlo ychydig am fod y rhiwmatic yn eu blino. Wel cyrheiddwd y Cross yn saff, ac yn y fan hynny odd y bobis yn fishi iawn gyta ei keep movin oherwydd fod rhyw Em Pee ne Je Pee ne rwbeth weti achwin wth y Polis fod gormod y sefill ar y Cros. Pob parch i'r rhai hynny; buont mor hyf a gofin i ble oent i 'w danfon am odd opn spês na pharc ym Mhontardawe, ond yr ateb odd send them where you like but don't keep them in the Cross.

2 September 1915. Y Darian (= the shield). Trebannos and Area.

Mr. Editor, Here I am trying my hand again this week again, and since Nansen (Ann) is having a change of air, I ventured to invest (‘speculate’) a penny halfpenny on a little ride on the motor bus as far off as Pontardawe. The road was a bit rough, and the bus was a bit shaky, until my old limbs begain to ache a bit because my rheumaism was affecting them. Wel, the Cròs was safely reached, and there the bobbies were very busy with their ‘keep moving’ because some MP or JP or something had complained that tow many people were standing at the Cròs. Every respect to them – they were daring enough to ask where they were to send them since there wasn’t an open space or park in Pontardawe, but the answer was to send them where you like but don’t keep them in the Cross.

Crōs-pen-mɛ̄n [ˡkro:s pɛn ˡmɛ:n] (nf) name of village near Y Crymlyn / Crumlin (= Croes-pen-maen [ˡkroɪs pɛn ˡmain])

Archifau Gwent: D298/23/1 Copy Court Roll Manor of Abercarn Surrender and Admittance 1.... the highway leading from Cross Penmayne towards Aberbeeg... 17 Jun 1783. (The English spelling Penmayne shows the Gwentian pronunciation)

(Other spellings: Croespenmaen, Croespenmain, Cross Penmain, Croos Pen Main)

(delwdd 5948)

crotan [ˡkrɔtan] (nf) lass, girl (= merch [ˡmɛrx])
crotesi [krɔˡtɛsɪ] (pl) (= merched [ˡmɛrxɛd])

(CROT = child) + (-EN feminine diminutive suffix) > CROTEN (> Gwentian CROTAN).

crots [krɔts] (pl) lads. See crotyn

crotyn [ˡkrɔtɪn] (nm) lad, boy (= bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn] (nm))
crots [krɔts] (pl) (= bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɪn])
pan ōn ī’n grotyn when I was a lad
CROT < CRWT < English dialect CRUT (occurs nowadays in the north of England and southern Scotland) = smallest pig in a litter, youngest bird in a brood, puny child.

(CROT) + (-YN diminutive suffix) > CROTYN.

crwt [krʊt] (nm) lad, boy (= bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn] (nm))

crwts [krɔts] (pl) (= bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɛn])

English dialect CRUT (occurs nowadays in the north of England and southern Scotland) = smallest pig in a litter, youngest bird in a brood, puny child.

.....

(delwedd 5896)

CRUT, a dwarf, or anything curbed in its growth.

.....

(delwedd 5897)

CROOT, sb. [substantive] Sc. [Scotland] Also in form krute Rxb. [Roxburghshire]; crute (Jam.). [Jamieson 1808-1825] A puny, feeble child; the youngest bird of a brood; the smallest pig of a litter. See Crut, sb.1 [substantive 1]. The English dialect dictionary, being the complete vocabulary of all dialect words still in use, or known to have been in use during the last two hundred years. Volume 6. Supplement, A-Y. Joseph Wright. 1905.

.....

(delwedd 5898)

CRUT, sb.1 [substantive 1] Sc. [Socotland]. Pem. [Pembrokeshire]. Also in form crot. 1 A short person. Ayr. [Ayrshire] WALLACE Schoolmaster (1899) 346. 2. A lad, not necessarily stunted. Pem. [Pembrokeshire]. (J.S.O.T.)

The English dialect dictionary, being the complete vocabulary of all dialect words still in use, or known to have been in use during the last two hundred years. Volume 1. A-C. 1898.

Joseph Wright. 1905.

.....

cryndod [ˡkrəndɔd] (nm) shaking, quiver, quivering (= cryndod [ˡkrəndɔd])

gita cryndod yn ī laish in a shaky voice

cūddo [ˡki·ðɔ] (v) hide (= cuddio [ˡkɪðjɔ])

cwáliti [ˡkwalɪtɪ] (nm) quality (= ansawdd [ˡansauð])

cwato [ˡkwatɔ] (v) hide (= cuddio [ˡkɪðjɔ])

Cf

1/ Quat The shape made in the grass where a hare has rested (i.e. in standard English, a ‘form’)

Dialect Words from North Somerset 2015 Vince Russett

http://www.ycccart.co.uk/index_htm_files/Dialect%20words%20in%20reports-2.pdf

2/ QUAT. — Used sometimes instead of “squat." A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialect Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’)

These are pronounced [kwot] in modern English, but would earlier have been [kwat], which was the pronunciation when the word was taken into Welsh.

cw̄b [ku:b] (nm) coop (for hens, pigeons) (= cwt [kʊt] (nm))

From English COOB [ku:b].

Cf. 1/ COOB.— Coop. A hen-coop is a “hen-coob.” A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialect Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’)

2/ Also in USA. ...a poultry "coob". (coop). (Frontier Feud: 1819-20: How Two Officers Quarreled All the Way to the Site of Fort Snelling / Helen McCann White / Vol. 42, No. 3, Fall, 1970. pp. 99-114. Minnesota Historical Society Press.)

3/ Ireland (Luimneach / Limerick). Tales of My Neighbourhood, Volume 1. 1835. Gerald Griffin. ...and some chickens that were in a coob at the other end o’ the place.

4/ Irish cúb (= hen coop) < English coob.

5/ COOB. A hen-coop. Wilts. (= Wiltshire). A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs and Ancient Customs from the Fourteenth Century. Volume 1. 1846. James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps.

6/ Dictionary of the Welsh Language: Explained in English. William Owen Pughe. 1832. Cwb ieir, a hen pen; cwb ci, a dog kennel, or cote; cwb colomenod, a dove cote.

cwar [kwar] (nm) quarry (= chwarel [ˡxwa·rɛl])

cwarra [ˡwara] (= chwareli [xwaˡre·lɪ])

Clōs y Cwarra modern street name in Sain Ffagan / Saint Fagans, Caer-dydd / Cardiff (= Y Cwarra Close, or close of the quarries)

(delwedd 5963)

Y Cwarra Mawr place in Caerffili (apparently ‘greater Cwarra’, referring to a farm called Y Cwarra = the quarries)

(delwedd B0421)

cwcw [ˡkʊkʊ] (nf) cuckoo (= cog [co:g])

cwcŵod# [kʊˡkuɔd] (= cog [ˡko·gaɪ])

cwiddyl [ˡkwi·ðɪl] (nm) shame (= cywilydd [ˡkəwi·lɪð])

rhāg cwīddyl ī tī! shame on you! for shame! you ought to be ashamed of yourself!
CYWILYDD > C’WILYDD > (metathesis L-DD > DD-L) CWIDDYL

cwlffyn [ˡxətɪg] (nm) a little bit; very few people (= ychydig [əˡxədɪg])

cwlffyn o fara chaws Carffili a lump of bread and Caerffili cheese

cwm [kʊm] (nm) valley (= cwm [kʊm])

cymydd [ˡkəmɪð] (pl) (= cymydd [ˡkəmɔɪð]

yn y cwm ma in this valley

yn yn cymydd nī in our valleys

cwmp [kʊmp] (nm) rockfall, fall of rock in a mine or quarry (= cwymp [kuɪmp])

dāth cwmp arno a rock fell on him, the roof fell on him (‘a rockfall came on him’)

dōd ī ddiwadd o dan gwmp (= dod i’w diwedd) die in a rockfall (‘come to his end under a fall’)

cwmpo [ˡkʊmpɔ] (v) fall (= cwympo [ˡkuɪmpɔ]; syrthio [ˡsərθjɔ])
Note 100: www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_geiriaduron/geiriadur-gwenhwyseg-nodiadau_100_wy-cwympo-cwmpo_0195e.htm

cwmws [ˡkʊmʊs] 1/ (adj) exact, straight (= cymwys [ˡkəruɪs] = appropriate, suitable; exact; straight) 2/ (adv) yn gwmws a) exactly b) directly, straight
felna’n gwmws exactly like that
yn gwmws = exactly; 
mōr gwmws â’r sɛ̄th (mor gymwys â’r saeth) as straight as an arrow.

fē ētho'n gwmws ī'r gynhatladd I went directly to the conference (Y Darian, 5 Mehefin 1919)

NOTES: Final -wy is usually reduced to w in Southern Welsh (Afon Ebwy > Afon Ebw).
This w has influenced the y in the first syllable. thus cymws > cwmws.
Compare similar examples in standard Welsh, where cwmwl = cloud, but historically was cymwl, and cwmwd (a commote or administrative division) < cymwd.

cwnnad [ˡkʊnad] (nm) 1/ increase 2/ rise (= codiad [ˡko·djad])
mynd ī gwnnad (land) slope upwards

In standard Welsh, this would be cychwyniad [kəˡxuinjad], though its meaning is different: ‘beginning’
(Other forms and spellings: gwnnad, chwnnad, cwnad, gwnad, chwnad)

cwnni [ˡkʊnɪ] (v); 1/ (vi) to get up, to rise, 2/ (vt) to raise, to pick up: 3/ to charge (a price) (= codi [ˡko·dɪ])
In standard Welsh, this would be cychwynnu [kəˡxuinɪ] but this form is not in use;
another form of the word is in everday usage however, cychwyn, which has the meaning of ‘to begin’.

Sometimes in dialect writings it is spelt with an unetymological single n (cwni). 

cwnn lan! get up! (= out of bed)

cwnnwch lan! get up! (= out of bed)

gwnnws īn ī līfir lan one of them picked up his book
(Other forms and spellings: cwnnu, gwnnu, chwnnu, cwnu, cwni, gwnu, gwni, chwnu, chwni, cwnnwch, cwncwch, cwn)

cwpla [ˡkʊpla] (v) to finish (= cwblháu [kʊblˡhaɪ])
NOTE: This is not the typical devoicing of this dialect (an initial b in the final becomes p) - but rather the effect of the initial h- in the suffix for forming verbs -hau (cwbl-háu > cwpl-áu). 
In some words this stressed -au has been replaced by unstressed -a, and the stress has gone back onto the verb - 
cwbl > cwbl-hau > cwpl-áu > cwpla
cof > cof-háu > coff-áu > coffa

cwpwl [ˡkʊpʊl] (nm) couple (= pâr [pa:r], cwpl [ˡkʊpʊl])

am gwpwl ō fish’ for a couple of months

From English COUPLE

(Other spellings: cwpl)

cwpwrt [ˡkʊpʊrt] (nm) cupboard (= cwpwrdd [ˡkʊpʊrð])
cwpwrta [kʊˡpʊrta] (pl) (= cypyrddau [kəˡpərðaɪ])

cw̄rw [ˡku·rʊ] (nm) beer (= cwrw [ˡku·rʊ])

(Other spellings: cwrw)

cwrdd [kʊrð] (nm) 1/ meeting, gathering; 2/ religious service of Nonconformists (= cwrdd [kʊrð])
cwrdda [ˡkʊrða] (pl) services (= cyrddau [ˡkərðaɪ])

tŷ cwrdd chapel, meeting house (‘house (of) meeting’)

cwrs [kʊrs] (nm) course (= cwrs [kʊrs])

From English COURSE in its former pronunciation [kurs], nowadays [ko:s];

cwrso [ˡkʊrsɔ] (v) chase (= ymlid [ˡəmlɪd]; erlid [ˡɛrlɪd])

cwrso dēfid chase sheep

From English COURSE in its former pronunciation [kurs], nowadays [ko:s]; (CWRS) + (verbal suffix -IO) > CWRSIO > CWRSO

(delwedd 0419)

cwt [kʊt] (nf) 1/ tail ( = ciw [kiu]); 2/ queue (= cynffon [ˡkənfɔn])
cwt y gɛ̄th = the cat’s tail, (the) tail (of) the cat; 
cwt y cī = the dog’s tail, (the) tail (of) the dog; 
ạros yn y gwt = to wait in the queue

cwtsh [kʊtʃ] (nm) 1/ cuddle, hug, embrace 2/ dog’s kennel; also as a command to a dog to go to its kennel 3/ rabbit hutch, ‘rabbit’s cwtsh’ 4/ cwtsh glo coal store, ‘coal cutch’ 5/ cwtch dan stɛ̄r space under the stairs, small cupboard under the stairs (= cwtsh dan y stàr, ‘store under the staircase’)

ORIGIN: Welsh CWTSH < English dialect COOCH < French COUCH(ER), preserving the [ʧ] value of CH in older French, now [ʃ]

NOTE: (Herefordshire dialect) Cooch: crouch down. Hereford Times / 12 December 2015 / www. herefordtimes.com/news/14140019.55_long_lost_Herefordshire_sayings_and_words/

(delwedd B0422)

THE ABERDARE TIMES. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1857. CHARGE OF STEALING A FERRET. — William Evans was charged with stealing a ferret, the property of William Henry Bird, Mountain Ash. Prosecutor said he bad a white ferret, which he kept locked up it the coal-cutch in the back. Saw it safe about 5 o' clock on Sunday last, and about 8.30 he went to show it to a mun and it was gone, the cutch door being open and the staple taken out. The value of the ferret, which he produced, was 5s. and it was his property. Defendaut asserted that the ferret was his, and that he had purchased it from T. Harris, Sunderland, last spring. Prosecutor: I am certain of the ferret. 1 know it by a mark where a rat bit it on the head. Defendant: Rats very frequently bite ferrets on the head. P.C. Perkins gave evidence as to finding the ferret in a closet at the back of defendant house. On being charged with stealing it defendant said, “I did not break open the door or take the forret. It is my ferret. I have had it about two months." Defendant denied that he said anything about two months. He pleaded not guilty, and called as a witness William Rees, collier, 28, High Street, Mountain Ash, who stated that he had seen a white ferret in defendant's possession three or four months ago, but he had not seen it since. Defendant was committed for trial, but admitted to bail, himself in £10 and one surety in a similar amount.

(delwedd B0420)

Y Cwtsh [ə ˡkʊtʃ] (nm) 1/ Name of a pit at Wattstown 2/ Wattstown (= Tre-watt [trɛˡwat])

(Tre-watt is a translation, which was never in colloquial use, of the English name.)

(delwedd 5965)

Y Darian.13 Ionawr 1910. Well done, Wattstown. Y mae gweithwyr glofa Wattstown a thrigolion y lle wedi rhoddi ‘motor car' at wasanaeth Mr Edgar Jones, M.A., am dair wythnos, er mwyn iddo wneud y goreu o'i frwydr etholiadol yn Mwrdeisdrefi Merthyr ac Aberdar. Pa beth bynag fydd y draul, y maent hwy yn myned yn gyfrifol am dani. Bu Mr Edgar Jones o help mawr iddynt hwy yn nglyn a chael Institute newydd i'r lle, heblaw llu o gymwynasau ereill. Datganodd ddymuniadau y glowyr, eiriolodd drostynt, ac ymladdodd eu brwydrau y pryd hwnw mor ganmoladwy, fel y maent hwythau yn awr am ei gofio yntau. Son am anrhydedd i broffwyd yn ei wlad ei hun, dyna engraifft odidog o hono. Ac y mae golwg urddasol ar Edgar bach yn ‘motor car’ boys y Cwtch. Well done, yn wir!

Y Darian (The Shield). 13 January 1910. Well done, Wattstown. The workers at the Wattstown coalmine and the inhabitants of the place have placed (‘given’) a motor car at the service of Mr Edgar Jones, M.A., for three weeks, so that he can make the best of his election fight in the boroughs of Merthyr and Aber-dâ / Aberdare. Whatever the cost will be, they are taking responsibility for it (‘going reponsible for it’). Mr Edgar Jones was of great help to them in getting a new (Miners’) Institute newydd for the village, besides very many other kindly acts / good deeds. He expressed the wishes of the miners, he interceded for them, and he carried out their struggle at the time in a praiseworthy manner, and so they no wish to remember him. Talk about honour for a prophet in his own land, this is a splendid example of it. Son am anrhydedd i broffwyd yn ei wlad ei hun, dyna engraifft odidog o hono. And Edgar is a noble sight in the motor car of the boys of Y Cwtch. Well done, indeed!

(delwedd B0417)

Tarian y Gweithwr. 9 Medi 1909. Ar Ymweliad. Y dydd o'r blaen, aethum i fyny y Rhondda, ac wedi cyrhaedd y Porth, yr oedd yn rhaid cyfeirio ar y dde i gwm Rhondda fach. Yn wir, syr, mae yn rhaid cyfaddef, mae pethau yn gwella. Dyna handi mae y cars yma yn mynd a chi i'r ‘very spot' y byddwch am fyned. Wedi mynd i'r car yn y Porth ffwrdd yr aethom ac yn mhen ychydig yr oeddym yn Wattstown. Pe gofynech i mi am Gymreigeiddio y gair neu’r enw yma — dywedwn fel hyn — Tre watt. Gwyddwn pa le oedd galw wedi cyrhaedd yr orsaf, yn herwydd y Cyfaill yn gyfarwydd a'r frawdoliaeth yn Calfaria.

Tarian y Gweithwr (The Workman’s Shield). 9 September 1909. On a visit. The other day I went up the Rhondda and having reache Y Porth I had to go to the right to Cwm Rondda Fach (the valley of the Lesser Rhondda river). Indded, sir, I must confess that things are improving. How handy the tramcars are taking you to the very spot you want to go to. Having got on the tram in Y Porth ffwrdd off we went and in no time at all we were in Wattstown. If you were to ask me how to put tjhis word or name into Welsh I would say [it] like this - Tre watt. I knew what place to call by at having reached the station because The Friend (= the name of the author of this pice, Cyfaill John, Friend John) was familiar with the brotherhood in Calfaria.

cwtsho [kʊtʃ] (v) 1/ (vt) cuddle, hug, embrace, give a cuddle / hug / embrace to 2/ (vt) hide 3/ (vi) get comfortable

In South-east-Wales English as CUTCH (or in pseudo-Welsh spelling as CWTCH).

cw̄tyn [ˡkʊtɪn] (nm) cupboard (= cwpwrdd [ˡkʊpʊrð])

cw̄tyn y saint 1/ ‘s-and-ends bag (An expression, among certain others, that has surived from pre-Reformation Catholic Wales)

2/ fel cw̄tyn y saint like the friar's purse (thus translated in Diarhebion Cymraeg / J. J. Evans / 1965) . All mixed up, in disorder, a complete mess; literally ‘like a reliquary bag’

Literally ‘(the) bag (of) the saints’, i.e. a reliquary [ˈrɛlɪkwərɪ] bag / reliquary pouch / reliquary purse. Such bags were used in medieval times to keep supposed relics of saints, usually pieces of bone or cloth. They were either in the possession of individuals or of churches, in which case they were stored in small altars or in specially crafted wooden or stone reliquaries.

Cf Robert Morton Nance: Old Cornwall Journal, No.5 (April 1927).

When not in use in the field, the crowdy-crawn (from croder croghen in the Cornish language = skin sieve) was used to store ‘s and ends in homes: "In old country house-keeping in West Cornwall, ‘ things, all worth saving, but for which no special place on the wall, shelf, chimney board, or dresser was provided, were tidied away into the "crowdy-crawn"; a sieve-rind with a bottom of stretched sheep-skin, serving on occasion also as a tambourine for dancers, but originally meant as a corn-measure."

The Talk Tidy website (‘the online home of Wenglish’) http://talktidy.com/c.html includes it as an expression used in South-eastern Wales English ‘”Look at the state of this place - it's like cwtyn y saint!"’.

From (CWD = bag) + (-YN dimiutive suffix). CWD is most likely a borrowing from an English word *CUD, a parallel form of COD (= (dialect) pod, husk; (obsolete) bag; scrotum)) such as BWRDD (= table) from *BURD (a varianrt of BOARD), FWRDD (= road, in the expression I FWRDD = away) < *FURD (a variant form of FORD)

cyfarfod [kəˡvarvɔd] (nm) meeting (= cyfarfod [kəˡvarvɔd])
cyfarfōtydd [kəvarvo·tɪð]) (= cyfarfodydd [kəvarvo·dɪð])

Cyfartha [kəˡvarθa] (nf) place name (= Cyfarthfa [kəˡvarθva])
Also Cyfarthfa

(delwedd 5775)

CYFARTHA, a chapelry in Merthyr-TydviI parish, Glamorgan; on the N verge of the county, 1 mile N of Merthyr-Tydvil town and r. station. It was constituted in 1846. ... Great iron-works here were begun, about 1765, by Mr. Anthony Bacon... Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales / John Marius Wilson / (1870-72)

In the novel ‘How Green was my Valley’ ‘Cyfartha’ is the name of a croney of boxer Dai Bando


(delwedd 5776)

Also: Y Gyfartha
Etto, y Parch. J. Howells, Incumbent Eglwys y Gyfartha, dydd Sadwrn, Awst 29, tarawyd ef mewn llewyg tra yn carfio i wledd cymdeithas ddyngarol ag oedd wedi bod yn pregethu iddi. Bu yn y llewyg hyd ddeg o'r gloch nos Sabbath, pan y bu farw. Y Dydd / 11 Medi 1868

= Similarly, the Reverend J Howells, incumbent of the church in Y Gyfartha, on Saturday August 29th [1868] collapssed unconscious / fell into a faint (‘was struck in a faint’) whilst carving [the meat] for the banquet of a benevolent society that he had been preaching to. He reamined unsconscious (‘in the faint’) until ten o’ clock on Sunday night, when he died.

...bydd atdyniad pobloedd i'r lle er clywed seindorf bres y Gyfartha. yn nghyd a'r professionals o Lundain...

= There will be an attraction of groups of people to the place to hear the Cyfarthfa brass band as well as professionals from London... Seren Cymru / 18 Awst 1871

Mae y fasnach lo yma lawer yn well nag y mae wedi bod, a'r Gyfartha yr un m’ yn y glo. Llawer o'r black pearl yn cael ei gludo yn wythnosol tua thref y mwg - prifddinas Ymerodraeth Prydain. Wrth ragolygon yr orwel fasnachol, yr ydym yn credu y bydd y gauaf dyfodol yn well i'r meistr a'r gweithiwr. Nid oes, hyd yn hyn, yr un cychwyniad gwirioneddol yn Ngweithfeydd Haiarn y Gyfartha. Y Gwladgarwr / 20 Medi 1878

= The market for coal here is a lot better than it has been, and Y Gyfartha similarly for coal [extraction]. Much of the ‘black pearl’ is being transpòrted each week to the town of the smoke - the capital of the British Empire [= London]. As for business forecasts (‘according to the forecasts of the trading horizon’), we believe that the coming winter will be better for the employers (‘for the master’) and the workers. Up until now, there has not been the same (‘the same true beginning’) real pick-up in business in the Gyfartha Ironworks.

NOTE: The alternative form of the name results from the simplification of the consonant cluster [θv] > [θ] Cyfarthfa > Cyfarth’a (= Cyfartha)

cyffrẹtin [kəˡfre·tɪn] (adj) common, general (= cyffredin [kəˡfre·dɪn])

(Other spellings and forms: cyffretin)

cyfordis [kəˡvɔrdɪs] (adj) comfortable (= cyfforddus [kəˡfɔrðɪs])

Also cyfwrdis [kəˡvʊrdɪs]

Source: GPC

(Other spellings: cyfordus, cyfwrdus)

cyfrath [ˡkəvraθ] (nf) law (= cyfraith [ˡkəvraɪθ])

cym-pō-īr [kɪm po: ˡi:r] (adv) before long (= cyn bo hir [kɪn bo: ˡhi:r])

Cymrɛ̄s [kəmˡrɛ:s] (nf) Welshwoman (= Cymraes [kəmˡraɪs])
Cymreisa, Cymrīsa, [kəmˡrəɪsa, kəmˡri·sa]) (pl) (= Cymraesau [kəmˡrəɪsaɪ])

(Other forms and spellings: Cymrês, Cymrâs, Cymras)

Cymro [ˡkəmrɔ] (nm) Welshman (= Cymro [ˡkəmrɔ])
Cymry [ˡkəmrɪ] (pl) Welshmen; Welsh people (= Cymry [ˡkəmrɪ])

Cymri [ˡkəmrɪ] (nf) Wales (= Cymru [ˡkəmrɪ])
Cymri am byth [ˡkəmrɪ am bɪθ] Wales for ever

cymryd [ˡkəmrɪd] (v) take (= cymryd [ˡkəmrɪd])
cymryd ffor grantid [ˡkəmrɪd fo:r ˡgrantid] take for granted (= cymryd yn ganiataol [ˡkəmrɪd ˡən ganiaˡta·ɔl])

Welsh CYMRYD (= CYM’RYD) < CYMERYD

cyrradd [ˡkərað] (v) arrive (at a place), reach (a place) (= cymryd [[ˡkəraɪð])
rôl cyrradd Aber-dɛ̄r after arriving in Aber-dâr / Aberdare

cythrwm [ˡkəθrʊm] (nm) devil (= cythraul [ˡkəθraɪl], diafol [dɪˡa·vɔl], diawl [djaul])
(Alteration of the word cythraul)
Bēth gythrwm...? What the devil...?
Myn cythrwm ī ! [mən ˡkəθrʊm ˡi:] Bloody hell!

cymydd [ˡkəmɪð] valleys. See cwm [kʊm]

Y Cyw [ə ˡkiu] (nm) short name for Heol-y-cyw / = Ewl-y-cyw#
byw yn y Cyw live in Heol-y-cyw

dàb [dab] (nm) man (= dyn [di:n])

A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady:

to which is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837:

DAB, s[ubstantive]. a chit, an insignificant person, a proficient in any feat or exercise: also a slight blow

dạfad [ˡda·vad] (nf) sheep (= dafad [ˡda·vad])

dēfid [ˡde·vɪd] (pl) (= defaid [ˡde·vaɪd])

pen dạfad sheep’s head; a dish formerly common in south-east Wales

tạfod dạfad sheep’s tongue; a dish formerly common in south-east Wales

Dạfydd [ˡda·vɪð] (nm) David (= Dafydd [ˡda·vɪð])
Short forms: Dai [daɪ], Dạfi [ˡda·vɪ]

Dai [daɪ] (nm) Dave, David (= Dafydd [ˡda·vɪð])

dàla [ˡdala] (v) catch (= dal [dal])

ī-ddi dàla nw (= i’w dal hwy) to catch them
(à because the vowel is short; before ‘l’ we might expect a half-long vowel, but the l was originally part of a consonant cluster (LGH) in ‘DALGH-’ from Old Welsh DALG-)

dan [dan] (prep) under (= dan [dan])
dan y ddeiar / ddīar underground

danjar [ˡdanʤar] (nm) danger (= perygl [ˡpe·rɪg])

dannod [ˡd·nɔd] (v) tell off, reprimand (= dannod [ˡdanɔd])

dannod dī ī fī òs nā ddaw wnna yn rwin mawr (adapted from Aberdare Leader 28-02-

1914) tell me off if that (little lad) doesn’t become somebody great

dap [dap] (nm?) plimsoll (south-eastern-Wales English ‘dap’) (= esgid gynfas [ˡɛsgɪd ˡgənvas]]
daps [daps] (pl) (= esgidiau cynfas [ɛˡsgɪdjaɪ ˡkənvas])

ORIGIN: Welsh < south-eastern-Wales English < south-western-England English DAP = plimsoll; most likely from the south-western-England word DAP = to move quickly; to bounce).

Forest of Dean (Gloucestershire): DAP = to bounce. http://www.forest-of-dean.net/fodmembers/index.php?mode=thread&id=12677#image

DAP. vb. To bounce or bound. Used of hurried motion. [Hund. of Berk.] [S.W.]

A Glossary of Dialect & Archaic Words Used in the County of Gloucester. Edited by Lord Moreton. 1890.

(delwedd B0408)

Joseph Wright. English Dialect Dictionary. Voulume 6. 1905. (verb) (Ireland, Yorkshire. Also Northamptonshire, Gloucestershire, Isle of Wight, Wiltshire, Dorset, Somerset, Devon, Cornwall). 1 to move quickly and lightly. North Yorkshire: He goes dapping along, as if he were on springs. 2/ to hop, rebound, bounce,

dap [dap] (adv) quickly, suddenly, at once (= yn sydyn [ən ˡsədɪn], ar unwaith ar ˡɪnwaɪθ]
ORIGIN: South-west-England English DAP (= suddenly). From the noun DAP (= rebound of a ball), or the verb DAP (= bounce; move quickly).

(delwedd B0409)

Ī īshteddws Dai yn īn pen, ā ī gysgws dap Dai sat at one end and went to sleep at once

(= I ishteddws Dai yn un pen, a i gysgws dap) See kimkat0928k / Ni’n Doi / 1918 / page 57. 

darllan [ˡdarɬan] (v) read (= darllen [ˡdarɬɛn])

Also: darllin [ˡdarɬɪn]

i ddyrllēnas [i: ˡðərɬe·nas]) I read [rɛd]

dd
In certain words in Gwentian, it may replace f [v]. Examples of this are to be found in other parts of Wales too.
rhofio (= to dig) > Gwentian roddio
Caer-dȳf > Car-dȳdd / Cyr-dȳdd (Cardiff). The name in standard Welsh preserves its recent Gwentian pronunciation; the English name indicates an older pronunciation with [v], though in final position this has become [f] in English.
Pen-isha’r-plwydd locality in Gwent; = pen isaf y plwyf (lower end of the parish)

dder än dhen [ˡðɛr ən ˡðɛn] (adv) (Englishism) there and then (= yn y man [ən ə ˡman])

ddī [ði:] (pronoun) she, her = third-person singular feminine (= hi) [hi:]
ati ddi to her (= ati hi)

ddō [ðo:] (adv) yesterday (= ddoe) [ðoɪ]

dɛ̄ [dɛ:] (adj) good (= da [da])

bōra dɛ̄ good morning

mynd yn ddɛ̄ digynnig (activity) go very well, (person performing an activity) get on very well

dēcha [ˡde·xa] (adj) 1/ well-made, well-wrought. of good quality, good, fine (= graenus [ˡgrəɪnɪs], dehau [ˡde·haɪ]) 2/ fitting, appropriate, right, proper (= gweddus [ˡgwe·ðɪs], dehau [ˡde·haɪ])

pyrni pɛ̄r ō sgitsha decha buy a pair of good shoes

deiar [ˡdəɪar] (nf) earth, ground (= daear [ˡdəɪar])

Also dīar [ˡdi·ar]
dan y ddeiar underground
mynd ī ffordd yr ōll ddeiar / ddīar go the way of all things, die (‘go the way of the whole earth’)

deir [dəɪr] (adj) 1/ slow, loitering 2/ tedious, tiresome. time.-consuming

Occurs in this riddle:

Shōni gō hīr / A Shōni gō deir / Yn tynni’i gwt ato / Rhāg ōfan y gieir. Abwydyn.

longish Johnnie / slowish Johnnie / drawing in his tail / out of fear of the hens, out of fear for the hens, fearing the hens [Answer] (a) worm.

(Y Darian 21 05 1914)

Form of DYHIR (= very long)

(DI- intensifying prefix) + (HIR = long) > DIHIR > DYHIR

dēra [ˡde·ra] (v) (second person singular imperative of dōd) 1 come! 2 bring (something) (= dera [ˡde·ra])

derwan [ˡdɛrwan] (nf) oak, oak tree (= derwen [ˡdɛrwɛn])
derw [ˡde·rʊ] (pl) (= derw [ˡde·rʊ])

dewch [ˡdɛux] (v) leave (2nd person plural of present-future of gatal = leave) (= gadéwch [gaˡdɛux])

Dewch ÿch mwstwr, boiz stop your chatter, lads (‘leave your noise’)

dēwish [ˡde·wɪʃ] (v) choose (= dewis [ˡde·wɪs])

dīall [ˡdi·aɬ] (v) understand (= deall [ˡde·aɬ])
NOTE: In fact, dīall is common in colloquial Welsh throughout Wales
Ffīli dīall bēth yw reina w̄ ī (ffaelu deall beth yw y rheina yr wyf) I can’t work out what those things there are

diarth [ˡdɪarθ] (adj) strange (= dieithr [dɪˡəɪθɪr])
NOTE: (1) Colloquially there has been metathesis and a simplification of the diphthong [ei > i] to give southern dierth. 
(2) In the south-east, a final e > a.

dīar [ˡdi·ar] (nm) earth. See deiar.

diawl [ˡdɪaul] (nm) devil (= diafol [drˡa·vɔl])

diawlid [ˡdɪaulɪd] (nm) devil (= diafoliaid [draˡvɔljaɪd])

Also: jawl [ʤaul], jawlid [ˡʤaulɪd]

(Other spellings: jiawl)

diawlētig [dɪauˡle·tɪg] (adj) devilish, hellish (= dieflig [drˡɛvlɪg])

Also jawlētig [ʤauˡle·tɪg]

wī’n falch ddiawletig bō chi’n ... I’m really glad that you...

(Other spellings: jiawledig)

diawst [ˡdɪaust] (interjection) good heavens (= esgyrn Dafydd, etc [ˡɛskɪrn ˡd·vɪð] = by the bones of Saint David)
A euphemistic alteration of diawl (= devil)

dīcon [ˡdi·kɔn] (nm) enough (= digon [ˡdi·gɔn])

dīcwdd [ˡdi·kʊð] (v) happen (= digwydd [ˡdigʊið])

didōrath [dɪˡdo·raθ] (adj) 1/ fickle, feckless 2/ disorganised (= didoreth [dɪˡdo·rɛθ])
NOTE: Occurs in south-eastern Wales English (sometimes referred to as ‘Wenglish’) DIDORATH (= feckless, disorganised)

difạri [dɪˡva·rɪ] (v) regret (= edifaru [ɛdɪˡva·rɪ])

Also dyfạri [dəˡva·rɪ], tryfạri [trəˡva·rɪ]

ti dyfạri di ganwith you’ll regret it a hundred times over

DYFẠRI < DIFẠRI < standard EDIFARU

digonshans [dɪˡgɔnʃans] (adv) unscrupulous (= digydwybod [dɪgədˡuibɔd], diegwyddor [dɪɛˡgwuiðɔr])

digynnig [dɪˡgənɪg] (adv) outstandingly, extremely, very-very (= dros ben [drɔs ˡbɛn])

Also diginnyg [dɪˡgɪnɪg]

dɛ̄ digynnig very good indeed

bạchan piwr digynnig a really fine fellow

dīlo [ˡdi·lɔ] (n) hands (= dwylo [ˡduilɔ]). See llaw (= hand).

The plural is literally ‘two hand’, i.e. two hands. (DWY = feminine form of DAU = two) + soft mutation + (LLAW = hand) > DWYLAW > standard Welsh DWYLO

dileio [dɪˡləɪɔ] (v) delay (= arafu [aˡra·vɪ])

cɛ̄l ticyn o’i ddileio ar y ffordd be delayed somewhat on its way

From English DELAY [dɪˡləɪ]. (DILÉI) + (-IO verbal suffix) > DILEI-IO > DILEIO

dim [dɪm] (eg) nothing (= dim [dɪm])

gwītho am y nesa pēth ī ddim work for next to nothing
dim yw dim absolutely nothing (‘nothing is nothing’)

dinīwad [dɪˡni·wad] (adj) innocent; naïve (= diniwed [dɪˡniwɛd])

dinnon [ˡdɪnɔn] (pl) 1/ people; 2/ men. See dȳn (= man)

dīno [ˡdi·nɔ] wake up (=deffro [ˡdɛfrɔ], dihuno [dɪˡhi·nɔ])

DIHUNO > DIHINO > DI’INO > DĪNO.

(DI- = negative prefix) + (HUNO = sleep), literally ‘unsleep’.

dioclyd [dɪˡɔklɪd] (adj) lazy (=diog [ˡdi·ɔg], dioclyd [dɪˡɔklɪd])

diōdda [dɪˡo·ða] (v) suffer (=dioddef [dɪˡo·ðɛv])

di-rɛ̄n [dɪˡrɛ:n] (adj) in poor condition, shabby, in a shabby state; (food) off, past its best, spoiled (= di-raen [dɪˡraɪn], gwael [gwaɪl])
NOTE: Occurs in south-eastern-Wales English (sometimes referred to as ‘Wenglish’) DI-RÊN or DI-RÂN (= feckless, disorganised)
Welsh DI-RAEN (DI- = negative prefix) + soft mutation + (GRAEN = grain; good appearance, fine look). South Wales basic form DI-RÂN, south-east [a:] > [ɛ:] DI-Rɛ̄N

dishgwl [ˡdɪʃgʊl] (v) look (= gweld [gwɛld]; standard Welsh disgwyl [ˡdɪsguɪl] means ‘to wait’)

dishgyn [ˡdɪʃgɪn] (v) fall, come down (= disgyn [ˡdɪsgɪn])

dīwadd [ˡdi·wað] (adj) innocent; naïve (= diwedd [ˡdi·wɛð])
ō’r dīwadd finally, at last

doi [dɔɪ] (num m) two (= dau [daɪ])
nī’n doi [ni:n ˡdɔɪ]) the two of us, both of us, we two (= ni ein dau [ni: ən ˡdaɪ])

mā nw’n ddoi frawd they’re brothers (‘they are two brothers’)

dōpach [ˡdo·pax] (v) dub, dirty (= make dirty) (= dodi [ˡdo·dɪ])
From English DAUB + (-verbal suffix -ACH) > DOBACH (> DOPACH)

See GPC DOBIAF (2)

dōs [do:s] (v) there is not (= nid oes [nɪd ˡɔɪs]; does [dɔɪs])

dōti [ˡdo·tɪ] (v) put (= dodi [ˡdo·dɪ])
dotws [ˡdo·tʊs] he / she / it put

downsan [ˡdounsan] (v) dance (= dawnsio [ˡdaunsjɔ])

dowto [ˡdoutɔ] (v) 1/ doubt 2/ suspect (= amau [ˡamaɪ])

draw mynno [draʊ ˡmənɔ] (adv) over there (= draw man honno [draʊ man ˡhɔnɔ])

drecshwn [ˡdrɛkʃʊn] (nm) direction (= cyfeiriad [kəˡvəɪrjad])
Cymricisation of English d’rection < direction

drūan [ˡdri·an] (nm) (= druan [ˡdri·an])

soft-mutated form of trūan (= wretch), used in the phrase

drūan â fē the poor wretch, the poor thing

drw̄g [dru:g] (adj) bad (= drwg [dru:g])

drȳll [dri:] (nm) piece; gun (= dryll [drɪɬ])
drylla [ˡdrəɬa] (pl) (= dryllau [ˡdrəɬaɪ])
drȳll dŵr (GPC: ar lafar yn y De / used in the South) water pistol

dwarnod [ˡduarnɔd] (nm) (= diwrnod [ˡdiurnɔd])
dwarnōta [duarˡno·ta] (pl) (= diwrnodau [diurˡno·dɪ])
īn ō’r dwarnōta nesa in one of the next few days

dwplar [ˡdʊplar] (nm) (= plât mawr [pla:t ˡmaur]; dwbler [ˡdʊblɛr])
dwpleri [dʊˡple·rɪ] (pl) (= plât mawr [ˡplatjaɪ ˡmaur]; dwbleri [dʊˡble·rɪ])
Origin: Middle English DOUBLER, DOBLER, DUBLER = a wooden plate, from Old French DUBLIER.

GPC (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru): p1104 Ar lafar ym Morgannwg yn y ffurfiau dwpler, dwplar (fawr), lluosog dwpleri. 
= In Glamorgan Welsh with the forms dwpler, dwplar (fawr), plural dwpleri.

See kimkat0928k / Ni’n Doi / 1918 / page 54 

NOTE 1:

(delwedd 5770)
The Unton Inventories Relating To Wadley And Faringdon, Co. Berks. In The Years 1596 and 1620. From The Originals In The Possession Of Earl Ferrers. Wirh A Memoir Of The Family Of Unton, By John Gough Nichols, Esq. F.S.A-. [Published 1841]. Chargers of pewter, 12. A charger was a great platter or large dish: grand plat. Palagrave. An old glossary explains charger, dobler, or platter, lanx, latus discus. Horman says, “One swanne is ynoughe to fyll a charger.” [One swan is enough to fill a charger]

NOTE 2: Doubler occurs as a surname in England, probably ‘maker of doublers, (wooden) plate maker’.

dŵr [du:r] (nm) 1/ water 2/ urine (= dŵr [du:r])
dŵr y môr the seaside (‘(the) water (of) the sea’)
yn nŵr y môr at the seaside

dwsan [ˡdʊsan] (nm) dozen (= dwsin [ˡdʊsɪn])

ddwsan ō wītha a dozen times

Also: drwsan [ˡdrʊsan]

From English DOZEN; (taken into Welsh from Middle English (DOZEINE), from Old French DOZAINE, based on DOZE = twelve, from Latin DUODECIM (= twelve), literally ‘two-ten’ (DUO + DECEM)

dwst [dʊst] (nm) 1/ dust 2/ powder (= llwch [ɬu:x])
From Old English DÛST [du:st], or Middle English DUST [dust]

dwt [dʊt] (nm) small person (= un bychan [i:n ˡbəxan])

dwt bɛ̄ch small person

Cf. dwt = a small person (also dwtty) (25 English words and phrases you only hear in Wales /

Wales Online / 04-05-2014)

(GPC: Sir Gaerfyrddin / Carmarthenshire (dwt bach). Morgannwg / Glamorgan: twtyn, twten)

dwy [dʊi] (numeral) 1/ two (feminine form) (= dwy [dui]) 2/ = dwy gīnog tuppence; as a qualifying phrase, tuppenny (= dwy geiniog [dui ˡgəɪnjɔg])

peint ō gw̄rw dwy a tuppenny pint of beer, a pint of beer that costs two pence

dwywath [ˡduiwaθ] (adv) twice (= dwywaith [ˡduiwaɪθ])
In nicknames, ddwywath [ˡðuiwaθ] (= ddwywaith [ˡðuiwaɪθ]) is used for individuals with the forename the same as the surname, or patronymic.
e.g. Efan Efan / Evan Evans becomes Ianto Ddwywath [ˡjantɔ ˡðuiwaθ]

(DWY = two – feminine form) + soft mutation + (GWAITH = time) > DWYWAITH (> Gwentian DWYWATH)

dychra [ˡdəxra] (v) begin (= dechrau [ˡdɛxraɪ])

dȳdd [di:ð] (nm) day (= dydd [di:ð])
y dȳdd ō’r blɛ̄n the other day

dyfạri [dəˡva·rɪ] (v) regret. See difaru [dɪˡva·rɪ]

dyffryn [ˡdəfrɪn] (nm) valley (= dyffryn [ˡdəfrɪn])

dyffrynnodd [dəˡfrənɔð] (pl) (= dyffrynnoedd [dəˡfrənɔɪð])

Dyffryn Dɛ̄r the Aberdare valley (‘(the) valley (of) (the) (river) Dâr’)

dyfndar [ˡdəvndar] (nm) depth (= dyfnder [ˡdəvndɛr])
mynd tū hwnt ī-ddi ddyfndar go out of his depth, go beyond his depth (‘go yonder side to his depth’)

dylanwạti [dəlanˡwa·tɪ] (v) influence (= dylanwadu [dəlanˡwa·dɪ])

dyma [ˡdəma] (v) here’s (literally: ‘here you see’) (= dyma [ˡdəma]

Also mà [ma], a clipped form in common use.

Possible evolution: WELI DI ÝMA you-see / you / here i.e. ‘here you see’ > WELI DI ’MÁ > WELDI ’MÁ > WEL DYMÁ > DYMÁ / DÝMA

(Other spellings and forms: ma, ’ma)

dȳn [di:n] (nm) man (= dyn [di:n])
dynon [ˡdənɔn] (pl) men; people (= dynion [ˡdənjɔn])

dȳn dōd, (pl) dynon dōd incomer, immigrant, foreigner

rẁ ddy*n mawr tew some big fat man

Also: dinnon [ˡdɪnɔn]

Dynon / dinnon has the sense of ‘people’ (i.e. men and woman) in the South generally.

NOTES: (1) In the south-east, in certain words the obscure vowel y > i in the penult. 
(2) typical of the south is the loss of the consonantal i at the beginning of a final syllable 
–ion > -on

(Other forms and spellings: dinon)

dyna [ˡdəna] (v) there’s (literally: ‘there you see’) (= dyna [ˡdəna])

Also nà [na], a clipped forn in common use.

Possible evolution: WELI DI ÝNA you-see / you / there i.e. ‘there you see’

> WELI DI ’NÁ > WELDI ’NÁ > WEL DYNÁ > DYNÁ / DÝNA

(Other spellings and forns: na, ’na)

dynon [ˡdənɔn] 1/ men; 2/ people. See dȳn (= man)

Also dinnon [ˡdi·nɔn]

dyrys [ˡdərɪs] 1/ unruly, mischievous (= direidus [dəˡrəɪdɪs]); 2/ (ox) vicious (= anhydrin [anˡhədrɪn]);

īdon dyrys (= eidion dyrys) vicious ox

Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd:

Da gwnaeth Duw,
Doeth a deallus,
Rhoi corn byr i'r eidion dyrus, -
A bach allu i'r drwg ei 'wyllys.

God did well ([it is] good that God did, wise and understanding, giving a short horn to the vicious ox, and little ability tio the ill-willed.

....

Divergent spellings:

(1) uncodified dialect spelling > Gwentian Dictionary spelling

annas > ānas (= hanes)
a’th > āth / ɛ̄th
bamboozlo > bambŵzlo (= twyllo; Saesneg bamboozle)
bech > bɛ̄ch (= bach)
ceesho > cīsho (= ceisio)
cel > cɛ̄l (= cael)
coeca > coica (= coetgae)
coyca > coica (= coetgae)
crocci > crōci (= crogi)
cuddo (= ciddo) (= cuddio)
cwni > cwnni
cwnnu > cwnni
cympohir > cym-pō-īr (= cyn bo hir)
clascu > clasci (= casglu)

cnau > cnai (= glanháu TO CLEAN)
c’nau > cnai (= glanháu TO CLEAN)

dduno / duno > dīno (= dihuno)
duno > dīno (= dihuno)
dyall > dīall (= deall)
de > dɛ̄ (= da)

ɛ̄th [ɛ:θ] (v) went (= aeth [aɪθ])

Sumbolau:

a A / æ Æ / e E / ɛ Ɛ / i I / o O / u U / w W / y Y /

MACRON: ā Ā / ǣ Ǣ / ē Ē / ɛ̄ Ɛ̄ / ī Ī / ō Ō / ū Ū / w̄ W̄ / ȳ Ȳ /


MACRON + ACEN DDYRCHAFEDIG: Ā̀ ā̀ , Ḗ ḗ, Ī́ ī́ , Ṓ ṓ , Ū́ ū́, (w), Ȳ́ ȳ́
MACRON + ACEN DDISGYNEDIG: Ǟ ǟ , Ḕ ḕ, Ī̀ ī̀, Ṑ ṑ, Ū̀ ū̀, (w), Ȳ̀ ȳ̀
MACRON ISOD: A̱ a̱ , E̱ e̱ , I̱ i̱ , O̱ o̱, U̱ u̱, (w), Y̱ y̱
BREF: ă Ă / ĕ Ĕ / ĭ Ĭ / ŏ Ŏ / ŭ Ŭ / B5236: B5237:
BREF GWRTHDRO ISOD: i̯, u̯
CROMFACHAU: ⟨ ⟩ deiamwnt

ˡ ɑ ɑˑ aˑ a: / æ æ: / e eˑe: / ɛ ɛ: / ɪ iˑ i: / ɔ oˑ o: / ʊ uˑ u: / ə / ʌ /
ẅ Ẅ / ẃ Ẃ / ẁ Ẁ / ŵ Ŵ /
ŷ Ŷ / ỳ Ỳ / ý Ý / ɥ
ˡ ð ɬ ŋ ʃ ʧ θ ʒ ʤ / aɪ ɔɪ əɪ uɪ ɪʊ aʊ ɛʊ əʊ / £
ә ʌ ẃ ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ ẅ ẃ ẁ Ẁ ŵ ŷ ỳ Ỳ
Hungarumlaut: A̋ a̋

U+1EA0 Ạ   U+1EA1 ạ
U+1EB8 Ẹ   U+1EB9 ẹ
U+1ECA Ị   U+1ECB ị
U+1ECC Ọ   U+1ECD ọ
U+1EE4 Ụ   U+1EE5 ụ
U+1E88 Ẉ   U+1E89 ẉ
U+1EF4 Ỵ   U+1EF5 ỵ

gyn aith δ δ
wikipedia, scriptsource. org

wikipedia, scriptsource. org
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ǣ

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