kimkat3565. Geiriadur Saesneg a Chymraeg (Gwenhwyseg). A Dictionary of English and Welsh (Gwentian dialect – the south-eastern dialect of Wales).

30-09-2024

..	Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia La Web de Catalunya i Gal·les Geiriadur Cymraeg (Gwenhwyseg) - Saesneg Welsh - English (Gwentian dialect) Dictionary B

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(delwedd J7476)

(delwedd J6256b)

http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_0934k.htm Y Wenhwyseg - y prif dudalen
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_2184c.htm El dialecte güentià del gal·lès - la pàgina prinicipal
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_1004e.htm Gwentian dialect of Welsh – the main page

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’ba [ba] (v) he / she / it said (= Standard Welsh ebe [ˡe·bɛ])
’ba fenta he (for his part) / she (for her part) / it (for its part) said
(= Standard Welsh ebe yntau [ˡe·bɛ ˡəntaɪ / ˡəntɛ])
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bäch (1) [bɛ:x, ba:x] (adj) small, little (= Standard Welsh bach [ba:x])
ticyn bäch a little bit
mbäch a little bit (ticyn b- > ticym b- ti’m b- > m b-)
(Other spellings: bach, bech, bêch, bâch, bæch, baech; mbech, mbach)
·····
bäch (2) [bɛ:x, ba:x] (nf) hook.
Plural bacha [ˡba·xa] (nm) hook (= Standard Welsh bach [ba:x], plural bachau [ˡba·xaɪ, ˡba·xɛ])
’ongad rwpath ar y fäch hang something on the hook
·····
bachan [ˡba·xan] (nm) fellow (= Standard Welsh bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn] = boy)
MEANING: (1) fellow; (2) used also in addressing somebody; (3) in addressing somebody in disbelief at what has been asked or said, equivalent to an English expression of surprise followed by ‘man’, ‘boy’, ‘my lad’, ‘my friend’, etc – Good heavens, man! 
NOTE: Typically south-eastern, though it is found in other areas of Wales

Shẁd ych-chi, bachan? How are you, my friend?

-Beth yw reina? –Bachan! Ond tortha Ffrengig yw reina! 
(-Beth yw’r rheina? -Bachgen! Ond torthau Ffrengig yw’r rheina!) 
-What are those? Good heavens man! Can’t you see they’re French loaves? (“but (it is) French loaves (that-are) thosē)

There is also a form of address with the soft mutation of b > f
fachan [ˡva·xan] Compare fechgyn! [ˡvɛxgɪn] (= boys, lads), ferch! [vɛrx] (= girl).

It also occurs with the loss of this intial [v]
achan [ˡa·xan]

Compare other words in Welsh with a dropped initial [v]:
mab [ma:b] (= son) > àb [ab] (son, in patronymics) (or ap [ab], an archaic spelling of àb) Lleision ab Llywelyn
merch [mɛrx] (= daughter; girl) > erch [ɛrx] (daughter, in patronymics) Gwenllian erch Morgan
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bachgan [ˡbaxgan] (nm) boy, lad (= Standard Welsh bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn])
bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɪn] (pl) boys. (= Standard Welsh bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɪn])
bechgynach [bɛxˡgənax] lads (the plural diminutive suffix -ach suggests disapproval, criticism)
·····
bäd [bɛ:d, ba:d] (nm) boat (= Standard Welsh cwch [ku:x]; (southern) bad [ba:d])
PLURAL: bata [ˡba·ta] (pl) (= Standard Welsh cychod [ˡkəxɔd]; (southern) badau [ˡba·daɪ, ˡba·dɛ])
·····
bacad [ˡba·kad] (nm)
1/ crowd (= Standard Welsh torf [tɔrv])
2/ large number (= Standard Welsh nifer mawr [ˡni·vɛr ˡmaur])
Also bagad [ˡba·gad]
bacad o ddinnon a crowd of men
am facad o resyma for a host of reasons
·····
baclog [ˡbaklɔg] (adj) long-leggged; on crutches (= Standard Welsh â choesau hir [a: ˡxɔɪsaɪ, ˡxɔɪsɛ ˡhi:r]; ar faglau [ar ˡvaglaɪ, ˡvaglɛ])
Y Darian. Llith Dafydd Gwr Nansen. 25 Mai 1916. “Llywelyn Faclog”.

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bai [baɪ] (nm) blame (= Standard Welsh bai [baɪ])
pl. beia, bīa [ˡbeɪa, ˡbi·a] (= Standard Welsh beiau [ˡbeɪaɪ, ˡbeɪɛ]
taro’r bai i gyd ar... put all the blame on... (“hit / put the blame all-of-it on...”)
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banalog [baˡnalɔg] (nf) broom patch, broomy place, broom clumps (= Standard Welsh banhadlog [baˡnhadlɔg])

In Cwm Syrhywi (Llwyncelyn / Hollybush) there is a “Banalog Terrace” (“Res y Fanalog” would be the Gwentian name; standard Welsh: Rhes y Fanhadlog).

“Banalog” < “Banhaddlog” < “Banhadlog” shows
1/ the loss of “h” /h/, typical in Gwentian;
2/ the development of the consonant cluster dl > ddl > (loss of dd) l
i.e. /dl > ðl > l/, found in other words in southern Welsh, e.g.
a/ boddlon (= content, satisfied) > (loss of dd) bolon
b/ (standard Welsh) cystal (= as good, as well), older Welsh cystaddl
·····
basgad [ˡbasgad] (nf) basket (= Standard Welsh basged [ˡbasgɛd])
Plural: basgeti [baˡsge·tɪ] (= Standard Welsh basgedi [baˡsge·dɪ])
basgad ddillad [ˡbasgad ˡðɪɬad] clothes basket (= Standard Welsh basged ddillad [ˡbasgɛd ˡðɪɬad])
·····

balch [balx] (adj) 1/ proud 2/ glad (= Standard Welsh balch [balx])
ōdd-a’n falch iawn i ngweld-i, a ōn-i’n falch i weld ynta ’èd he was very glad to see me, and I was very glad to see him too
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bambŵzlo [bamˡbu·zlɔ] (v) bamboozle, deceive, trick (= Standard Welsh twyllo [ˡtuiɬɔ])
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banc [baŋk] (nm)
banca [ˡbaŋka] (pl) (= Standard Welsh banciau [ˡbaŋkjaɪ, ˡbaŋkjɛ])
1/ bank = moneyhouse (= Standard Welsh banc [baŋk])
2/ side of a canal
banc y cnel the canal side
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banwan [ˡbanwan] See panwan
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bap [bap] (nm) large soft bread roll, South Wales English ‘bap’ (= standard Welsh wicsen gron [ˡwɪksɛn ˡgrɔn])
baps [baps] (pl) (≡ standard Welsh wics crynion [ˡwɪks ˡkrənjɔn])
bap brecwast breakfast bap
http://www.bbc.co.uk/cymru/deddwyrain/safle/eich_bro/pages/bwyta_allan.shtml

From south-eastern Cambrian English BAP < English BAP, first noted in English in “1505-1515” according to some sources.
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Wiktionary notes: A soft bread roll, originally from Scotland. Originally Scottish English, of unknown origin.
Dictionar o the Scots Leid / Dictionary of the Scots Language:
“A small thick roll of bread of varying size and shape (often diamond-shaped) baked in the oven; a morning roll”. General Scots. 1762 first attestation.
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(’Bar-) [bar] (n) a form of aber (= estuary) in some place names. Also ’Byr- [bər]
’Bartīfi (= Standard Welsh Aberteifi; English: Cardigan). Also ’Byrtīfi
’Bar-där (= Standard Welsh Aber-dâr; English: Aberdare). Also ’Byr-där
·····
bara [ˡba·ra] (nm) bread (= Standard Welsh bara [ˡba·ra])
bara brith [ˡba·ra ˡbri:θ] currant bread (literally ‘speckled bread’)
bara can wheaten bread: white bread (can = flour)
bara ’menyn bread and butter [ˡba·ra ˡme·nɪn] (literally ‘bread (of) butter’)
bara lawr laver bread, also known in English as ‘black butter’
bara lläth [ˡba·ra ˡɬɛ:θ]) bread and milk, or bread and buttermilk
bara llechwan [ˡba·ra ˡɬɛxwan] griddle bread; bread baked on a griddle or bakestone (either with yeast or unleavened) (also as llychwan)

gwario i-arian ar ’yn nid yw bara spend his money on drink (“on that which is not bread”)


(delwedd J4968)
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barbwr [ˡbarbʊr] (nm) barber (= Standard Welsh barbwr [ˡbarbʊr], barber / barberiaid [ˡbarbʊr, barˡbɛrjaɪd], dyn / dynion torri gwallt; literary Welsh barfwr [ˡbarbʊr], barfwyr [ˡbarbwɪr])
barbwyr [ˡbarbwɪr] (pl) (= Standard Welsh barbwyr [ˡbarbwɪr]).
From Middle English BARBOUR [ˡbarbʊr] < [barˡbur]. The plural form has the termination “-wyr”, as if “-wr” is the Welsh agent suffix (= man).
·····
barn [barn] (nf) 1/ opinion 2/ verdict (= Standard Welsh barn [ˡbarn])
barna [ˡbarna] (pl) (= Standard Welsh barnau [ ˡbarnaɪ, ˡbarnɛ])
gofyn iddo-fa i-farn ar y matar ask his opinion about the matter (“ask to him his opinion on the matter”)
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barnwr [ˡbarnʊr] (nm) 1/ judge (= Standard Welsh barnwr [ˡbarnʊr]) 2/ adjudicator in an eisteddfod (= Standard Welsh beirniad [ˡbei̯rnjad])
barnwrz [ˡbarnʊrz] (pl) (= Standard Welsh barnwyr [ˡbarnwɪr], beirniaid [ˡbei̯rnjaɪd])
barnwrz ’Steddfod Car-dydd the adjudicators in the Caer-dydd / Cardiff Eisteddfod (barnwrs Steddfod Cardydd – Tarian y Gweithiwr 27-07-1899)
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basa [ˡbasa] (v) it would be (= Standard Welsh buasai [bɪˡasaɪ, bɪˡasɛ])
Also bysa
Also in the reduced form sà

basa fawr nà... I wish that, if only... (= Standard Welsh buasai fawr na [bɪˡasaɪ ˡvaur na:])
Basa fawr nà nelach-chi rwpath i ’elpu = I wish you’d do something to help
(Buasai fawr na wnelech chwi rywbeth i helpu) 
(Source: Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, tudalen 2830) 
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becan [ˡbe·kan] (v) beg. (= Standard Welsh ymbil [ˡəmbɪl] = importune, cardota [karˡdɔta] = ask for money or food)
becan ar rwun i nīthur rwpath beg somebody to do something (= ymbil ar rywun i wneud rhywbeth)
(“i fecan” in GPC, under “begiaf”)
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bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɪn] (pl) boys. See bachgan [ˡbaxgan])
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bedd [be:ð] (nm) grave (= Standard Welsh bedd [be:ð])
PLURAL: bedda [ˡbe:ða] (= Standard Welsh beddau [ˡbe·ðaɪ, -ɛ]
mor ddishtaw â’r bedd as silent as the grave
’eb smoco o’i febyd i’w fedd without smoking all his life (“from his boyhood to his grave”)
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beudy [ˈbei̯di] (nm) cowhouse, cowshed (= Standard Welsh beudy [ˡbei̯dɪ])
?Also bīdy [ˡbi·dɪ]
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beili [ˡbei̯lɪ] (nm) PLURAL: beilïa [bei̯ˡli·a]
1/ farmyard (= Standard Welsh buarth [ˡbi·arθ], buarthau [bɪˡarθaɪ, -ɛ])
2/ yard, front yard, back yard (= Standard Welsh cowrt [koʊrt], cowrtiau [ˡkoʊrtjaɪ, ˡkoʊrtjɛ]), (iard [jard], ierdydd / iardiau [ˡjɛrdɪð, ˡjardjaɪ, ˡjardjɛ]) (libart [ˡli·bart], libartiau [lɪˡbartjaɪ, ˡlɪˡbartjɛ])
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Y Beili-gläs [ə ˡbei̯lɪ ˡglɛ:s]
1 SO4708 (on modern OS map spelt as Bailey Glace) (nearby is Beili-glâs Wood, in [almost] standard spelling (i.e. standard is Beili-glas [ˡbei̯lɪ ˡgla:s], without the circumflex).
An eighteenth-century farmhouse in Cwmcarfan, s.s.e of Llanddingad / Dingestow, Sir Fynwy / Monmouthshire.

2 SO3010 s.s.e of Llanelen, Sir Fynwy / Monmouthshire on the Ordnance Survey map as Beili-glas, is/ was undoubtedly also Beili-gläs / Y Beili-gläs

3 SN9202 Mynydd Beili-glas, (= Standard Welsh Mynydd y Beili-glas) south of Y Rucos / Y Rhugos, perpetuates the name of a lost farm (= upland of / hillside grazing of Y Beili-glas farm). This too is / was most likely Beili-gläs / Y Beili-gläs
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(ber-) [bɛr] clipped form of aber [aˡbɛr] in place names
’Bercannid < Abercannid [bɛrˡkanɪd, abɛrˡkanɪd]. Standard: Abercannaid [abɛrˡkanaɪd].
’Ber-där < Aber-där [bɛrˡdɛ:r, abɛrˡdɛ:r]. Standard: Aber-dâr [abɛrˡda:r].
’Ber-nant < Aber-nant [bɛrˡnant, abɛrˡnant]. Standard: Aber-dâr [abɛrˡnant].
Shir ’Berteifi < Sir Aberteifi

Before a vowel the element aber > ber- loses the vowel to become the consonant cluster [br].
Aberafan > ’Berafan > ’Brafan
Aberaman > ’Beraman > ’Braman
Aberystwyth > ’Berystwyth > ’Brystwyth
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bera [ˡbe·ra] feminine noun haystack
PLURAL: beraon, berâu <be-RAA-on, be-RAI> [bɛˡra·ɔn, bɛˡraɪ, -ɛ]
bera wair haystack
Ystalyfera (ynys tâl y fera) “the meadow in front of Y Fera” (haystack; probably a hill name). Local form: Stalfera [stalˡve·ra]

The word “bera” (haystack) is Celtic *berg-.
This is cognate with Proto-Germanic *bergaz (from which German BERG (= mountain), Old English BEORG (= mountain, hill, mound, barrow, burial place), Modern English (dialect) BERGH (= hill).

Also (wiktionary 05-09-2020) Scots BURROW /ˈbʌɹoʊ/ (“mound, tumulus, barrow”), ….. West Frisian BERCH /bɛrx/ (“mountain”), Dutch BERG /bɛrx/ (“mountain”), Low German BARG /bɛrɣ/ [ba̝ɾ(ə)x] (“mountain”)… Danish BJERG : /bjɛrɣ/ (“mountain”), Swedish BERG /bɛrj/ (“mountain”), Norwegian Bokmål BERG /bɛrɡ/ (“rock, mountain, hillock, rock bottom”), Icelandic BERG /pɛrk/ (“mountain”), BJARG (“rock”), Polish BRZEG /bʐɛk/ (“bank, shore”), Russian БЕ́РЕГ (BÉREG, “bank, shore, land”).
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’Ber-nant [bɛrˡnant] (nf) village name (= Standard Welsh Aber-nant [abɛrˡnant])
(‘Bernant’ Clywedion Dyffryn Dâr, Aberdare Leader, 30 Ionawr 1915)
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’Beronddu, ’Byronddu [bɛˡrɔnðɪ, bəˡrɔnðɪ] (nf) town name; English = Brecon (= Standard Welsh Aberhonddu [abɛrˡhɔnðɪ])
(‘Beronddu’ Tarian y Gweithiwr 06-12-1888)
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Bethlam [ˡbɛθlam] (nmf)
1/ Bethlehem
2/ Bethlehem as a chapel name (= Standard Welsh Bethlehem [ˡbɛθlɛhɛm]) (e.g. name of a chapel in Gwaelod-y-garth)
Bethlam < Bethlem < Bethlehem
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bishi [ˡbɪʃɪ] (adj) busy (= Standard Welsh prysur [ˡprəsɪr])
Rw-i weti bod yn sobor o fishi’n ddiweddar I’ve been really busy recently
Mā ’ma le bishi iawn things are very busy here (mà = mae = there is; mà = ymà = here; “here | there is | (a) very busy place”)
Mā’r ddou dicyn yn fishi jyst nawr the two of them are a bit busy at the moment

From the English word BUSY [ˡbizi], pronounced as [ˡbisi] in Welsh since [z] was not part of the Welsh sound-system at the time of the borrowing. Palatalisation later in contact with [i], characteristic of southern Welsh: (bisi > bishi)
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bishyn [ˡbɪʃɪn] (nm) piece; soft-mutated form of PISHYN
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bíwtiffwl [ˈbjutɪfʊl] (adj) beautiful (= Standard Welsh hardd [harð])
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blac [blak] (nm) blakpat (= Standard Welsh chwilen ddu [ˡxwi·lɛn ˡði:] = black beetle)
blacs [blaks] (pl)
See also blacpatan below.
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blacas [ˡblakas] (nf) black woman (= Standard Welsh gwraig ddu [ˡgwrai̯g ˡði:] = black woman)
From Welsh (BLAC = black) < English BLACK, + (-ES noun suffix, in Gwentian -AS): blaces > blacas
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blac-éi [blaˡkei̯] (nf) (Englishism) black eye (= Standard Welsh llygad du [ˡɬəgad] ˡdi:] = black eye)
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blacpatan [blakˡpatan] (nm) blackpat, cockroach (= Standard Welsh chwilen ddu [ˡxwi·lɛn ˡði:] = black beetle)
blacpats [ˡblakpats] (pl) (= Standard Welsh chwilod duon [ˡxwi·lɔd ˡdi·ɔn] = black beetle)

See also: blac (a short form of blacpat)

yn ddu o flacpats covered in blackpats, black with blackpats, swarming with blackpats (“(to be) black of blackpats”)


(delwedd B0463b)

(delwedd B0443)

Duw a helpo pob eglwys sydd a'r "dyn croes" ynddi! "Pwt y gynnen" y gelwir ef yn fwyaf cyffredin, ond darluniodd hen weinidog profiadol ef fel hwyad yn y ffynnon, yn tryblu ac yn llygru dwfr tê y cymdogion; neu fel "black patan" mewn "tarten jam" fyddys yn ei chnoi yn y genau!

God help every church that has a "cross man" in it! He is most commonly called “pwt y gynnen” (= the troublemaker; the bone of contention), but an experienced old minister described him as a duck in the well, muddying and polluting the neighbours' water for their tea (“tea water”); or like a blackpat in a jam tart that is chewed in the mouth!
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(delwedd B0464)

Fe startas o dan y pwll gyta'r fireman - bachan ifanc a mwstash coch; odd a yn wilia yn dawal right, a chap bach crop ar i ben a. Ar y ffordd i weld y talcan, fe etho i trwy ryw lefydd rhyfedd iawn gyta fa yn ddou ddwbwl, nes odd y nghefan i just a thori yn ddou a amser on i'n mynd mlan rodd y wys yn dropan lawr fel pistyll oddiar y nhrwyn i. O'r diwadd, fe welas y talcan odd i fod i fi. Talcan bach piwr yn wir; ond fe geso i ofan gwitho ynddo - rodd y blackpats bron a llanw'r lle, a'r colliars mor dduad a Zulus, ac yn gwitho heb i crysa. Ma nhw yn dweyd fod...

I started in the mine (“under the pit”) with the fireman - a young man with a red moustache; he spoke really softly (“quietly”), and [there was] a small cropped cap on his head. On the way to see the coalface, I went bent double through some very strange places with him until may back was on the point of braking into two; and when I was going forward the sweat dropped down like a waterspout from my nose. Eventually, I saw the coalface that was to be mine. A very small coalface indeed; but I became afraid working in it - the blackpats almost filled the place, and the colliers were as black as Zulus, and working without a shirt. They say that...

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(delwedd J7613)

Fod Twmi Shir Gar wedi gorffod mynd a bara treacle i'r gwaith yr wthnos ddwetha, a phan agorws a'r sanwich yr odd black pattan teidy wedi seto i hunan yn extra lunch iddo fa, ac ys gwetws un coliar, ni recws un haliar ariod, o Fon i Fynwy, yn wath na Twmi y tro hwnw.

[They say] that Twmi Shir Gâr (= Tommy from Carmarthen) had to take bread and treacle to work last week, and when opened the sandwich a nice old blackpat (“a tidy blackpat”) had got inside (“set itself”) as an extra lunch for him, and as one collier siad, no haulier ever swore, from Anglesey to Monmouth (= from one end of Wales to the other), worse than Tommy that time.
…..

Childhood memories
By Joan Rees, Cwmaman, Aberdare

I was born in 1938. My parents often told stories of how they lived through the 1920s. Glanaman Road was virtually on the mountain, and yet almost in a coal yard for Fforchaman Colliery (Brown's pit). Its trucks of coal and stockpile of timber logs were on our doorstep.
We all bathed in turn in the same tin bath in front of the huge coal fire using water boiled on our living room coal fire grate.

The blackleaded grate was the essential part of living. It heated the water, cooked the food, toasted our bread, warmed our chilblained toes, dried the sticks for next day's fire and aired the clothes. There was a darker side to the comfort of our fireplace - at night the blackpats (beetles) invaded our 'territory'. ‘Coal House AT war’.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/coalhouse2/sites/memories/pages/119317148723868653933.shtml

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...across the street was a public bakehouse where cockroaches (we called them blackpats) bred like flies and often sent out raiding parties across the road to colonise us Knock 'Em Cold, Kid. Elaine Morgan. 2012

…..

ORIGIN: From West-Midland English BLACKBAT (BLACK) + (BAT?) > south-eastern-Wales English BLACKPAT > Welsh BLACPAT-
(or else English BLACKBAT > Welsh BLACBAT > BLACPAT > south-eastern-Wales English BLACKPAT.

BAT is a short form in English of the name Bartholomew; this might be the origin of BAT in the insect name.

Cf ‘BLACK-BOB. — A black beetle’. A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialect Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’).


(delwedd B0439)

In the Berkshire name ‘Bob’ is presumably the short form of Robert.

…..


(delwedd B0404)


(delwedd B0403)

Tarian y Gweithiwr. 1 October 1908.
...ond nis gallai Wil siarad gair. Yr oedd y cyfan megys breuddwyd; ond chwareu teg iddo, yr oedd yn medru gweled os nad allai siarad, ac meddai wedi hyn, ar ol cyrhaedd terra firma, onid oedd pethau yn edrych yn rhyfedd wrth edrych i lawr arnynt? Yr oedd y dynion yn y gwaelod yn edrycb lawer yn llai na’r blackpats sydd yn stabl ochr South, ac yn wir, Mr Gol., mae yna egwyddor o wirionedd amlwg yn y dywediad, un bach yw dyn pan edrychir i lawr arno; ac efallai fod ambell un yn bur hoff o fanteisio ar fan priodol i gael good look down ar rywun, neu rhywrai; ac, yn wir, dyma ei unig gyfle, tra ar bob adeg a safle arall rhaid iddynt ymostwng i edrych i fyny.

But Wil couldn’t speak a word. It was all like a dream; but to give him his due / fair play to him, he could see that if he couldn’t speak, and he said this afterwards, after reaching terra firma, didn’t things look strange looking down on them? The men at the bottom looked a lot smaller than the blackpats that are in the stable at the side of the South [shaft], and indeed, mr. Editor, there is a principle of obvious truth in the saying, a man is small when he is looked down upon; and maybe some people are very fond of taking advantage of an appropiate place to have a ‘good look down’ on someone, or some other people; and, indeed, that is his only opportunity, as on every other occasion or in every other position they must bend down / submit to look up.
…..


(delwedd B0451) (11 Chwefror 1881)

Y Gwladgarwr. 11 Chwefror 1881.
COLEG Y GWEITHIWR. GAN AP CORWYNT. Nos Wener, Chwefror 4ydd.
Lewis Pilbo Jones. - Wel, mae Tomos Parnell, Patrick Sullivan, a John Flannigan, a'r holl Bats wedi myn'd, rwan, yn flac pats o'r carn i'r coryn, ac mor ddu a mwrstwrllyd, fel nad oes un dim a fedr Cymro Gwyllt, nac un Cymro Dof, ysgrifenu am danynt yn rhy ddrwg am y gethern hopranllyd. Y bredych anwyl! y maent wedi gwneyd Parliament John Bull yn waeth nag un tap-room yn y deyrnas, nes y mae yn destyn gwawd i Ewrop, America, a'r byd yn grwn. Y mae tap-room Pwll-y-broga Arms, ar ol ffair Pistill-moigan, yn sicr o fod yn mwy respectable lle na llawr Ty^ y Cyffredin yn y dyddie dwetha. ma. Ffor ma hi wedi bod yco'n ddiweddar ? Os rhai o chi'n gwbod?

THE WORKER'S COLLEGE. BY SON OF HURRICANE. Friday evening, February 4th.
Lewis Pilbo Jones. - Well, Tomos Parnell, Patrick Sullivan, and John Flannigan, and all the Pats [= Irishmen] are gone, now, black pats from head to toe, and so black and rowdy, that there is nothing that Cymro Gwyllt (Wild Welshman – name of a writer), or a Tame Welshman, can write about them too badly for the mouthy mob. Dear, dear! (= the dear terror)! They have made John Bull's Parliament worse than any tap-room in the kingdom, until it is a subject of ridicule for Europe, America, and the whole world. The Pwll-y-broga Arms tap-room, after the Pistill-moigan fair, is sure to be a more respectable place than the floor of the House of Commons the other day. How has it been there lately? Do some of you know?
…..

(delwedd B0449) (13 Tachwedd 1913)

Amman Valley Chronicle. 13 Tachwedd 1913. …sy'n mynychu'r lleoedd hyn. A ydyw dysgu y fath anfoesoldeb yna i blant yn myn'd i wella'r wlad, tybed ? Eto, dangoswyd i ni gan "Eilir" fod darluniau Beiblaidd yn cael argraff ddofn ar feddwl plentyn — onid yw'r darluniau cnawdol, diraddiol a phechadurus hefyd yn cael dylanwad yr un mor anniladwy arnynt? Rhyfedd y goleuni mae fy ffrynd wedi gael ar y Germ Life drwy gyfrwng y Cinema. Cefais ddyddordeb mawr wrth ddarllen am luniau'r germs sydd yn y diodydd a phethau folly, oherwydd yr oeddwn wedi clywed lawer gwaith o'r blaen am rai yn cael "Black-pads," " Morgrug," a "Moch-y-coed" mewn poteli diodydd o dafarndai. Pe bai’r brawd wedi cael y wybodaeth lawn ynghylch y germ life, efallai na fyddai wedy'n mor barod i eistedd yn nghanol tywyllwch y Picture Palace. Cymerwch er enghraifft y germs sydd yn achos o'r darfodedigaeth — y dolur ofnadwy hwnw sydd yn angeu i filoedd o ieuengctyd ein gwlad bob blwyddyn. Mae y rhai hyn…
…..

(delwedd B0444) (13 Mawrth 1869)

Y Gwladgarwr. 13 Mawrth 1869
LLITH YR HEN DEILIWR. Y mae Cynddelw wedi pechu yn anfaddeuol yn ein herbyn ni y Teilwriaid. Y mae wedi gwneud ei oreu i ddarostwng ein hurdd yn ngolwg y byd eto; rhaid addef fod rhai cymeriadau go ryfedd yn perthyn i'r urdd. Yr oedd teiliwr yn rhywle rhyw amser yn ol, nid wyf yn sicr beth oedd ei enw, na pha le y trigianai, nac yn wir yn mha oes yr oedd yn byw. Modd bynag, byddai yn hoff ryfeddol o ddywedyd celwydd ac yr oedd yn euog o'r bai bach hwnw sydd braidd yn hanfodol i'r grefft deilwraidd, sef dwyn darnau o frethyn oddiar hwn a'r llall. Gwnaeth hyn am flynyddau lawer, heb ddim euogrwydd yn blino ei gydwybod o'r herwydd. Ond un diwrnod cyhuddai ei gydwybod ef o wneud camwri a'i gwsmeriaid, ac yr oedd yn rhuo yn ofnadwy o'i fewn, yr hyn a wnaeth i'r hen frawd druan ofidio yn arw am yr hyn a fu. Bu wrthi yn galed yn myfyrio pa fodd i esgoi dywedyd celwydd heb ddigolledu ei hun. Yr oedd ganddo hen goffr yn ei feddiant, yr hwn oedd wedi bod am ugeiniau o flynyddau yn orsedd i'r pryf copyn, y cler, y blackpats, a'r llygod. Gwelodd yr hen deiliwr y llwybr am dani, a phenderfynodd fedyddio yr hen goffr, a'i alw yn domen, a bod hwnw i fod mwyach yn ystorfa i gadw yr holl glytiau y byddai llygaid y teiliwr yn eu hoffi ac yna, pan ofynai y cwsmeriaid am y clytiau, dywedai yntau yn eithaf diystyr eu bod wedi eu taflu i'r domen.

(English translation) THE LETTER OF THE OLD TAILOR. Cyndelw has sinned unforgivably against us the Tailors. He has done his best to humiliate our guild in the eyes of the world again; it must be admitted that some strange characters belong to the guild. There was a tailor somewhere some time ago, I am not sure what his name was, or where he lived, or indeed in what era he lived. However, he was incredibly fond of telling lies and he was guilty of that little fault which is rather essential to the tailor's craft, namely stealing pieces of cloth from this and that. He did this for many years, without any guilt bothering his conscience because of it. But one day his conscience accused him of doing wrong to his customers, and he was roaring terribly within him, which made the poor old brother deeply regret what had happened. He was thinking hard about how to avoid telling a lie without losing out. He had an old chest in his possession, which had been for twenty years a throne for the spider, the shrew, the blackpats, and the mice. The old tailor saw the way to do it, and decided to christen the old chest, and call it a rubbish dump, and that it should no longer be a storehouse to keep all the rags that the tailor's eyes liked and then, when the customers asked about the pieces of cloth, he said quite casually that they had been thrown into the rubbish dump.
…..


(delwedd 5827)

Words and Phrases Used in South-east Worcestershire. Jesse Sailisbury. 1893.
Blackbat, (substantive). The blackbeetle, or cockroach. West Worcestershire, and elsewhere.

…..

A memory of Sparkbrook in 1950 by Janet Devine. Colville Road, Sparkbrook [Birmingham; formerly Worcestershire]. I was born at 4 Back, 34 Colville Road in January 1950. These back houses were very small with a shared outside toilet. We had all manner of creatures that lived there too, massive spiders, blackbats and beetles that lived the coal cupboard which was in the kitchen.... www.francisfrith.com
.....


(delwedd 5972)

Evening Express (Cardiff) 3 June 1898. “Ah!” said a summer visitor, who had heard a great deal of the universality of music in Wales. "Ah!" he said to his landlady at Penarth, “I should so like to see the country cottages of your Welsh Valleys. with Mozart in the parlour and Beethoven in the kitchen.” “Beetoving in the kitching?" cried his landlady with disgust; "just let me ketch Beetovings in my kitching! I'd go for em with shovel, I would. We calls ’em 'black pats' in Wales, sir, the nasty things!”

…..
▼
“Sometimes a minister, wishing to chide those who didn’t attend the morning service, would facetiously refer to them as black pads, a colloquial name for a species of cockroach which came out only at night... I think that perhaps my parents fell into the black pad category of chapelgoers when I was a child...” (Childhood in a Welsh Mining Valley. Vivian Jones. 2017).

…..
▼
birminghamhistory.co.uk
“thanks very much mikjee. i didnt have it quite right so that helps and now i know where it is. and i can see the vinegar factory [Westley Street, Birmingham] where the blackbats (beetles) came out from at night.” (chinnychinn, Jul 8, 2009)

…..
▼
birminghamhistory.co.uk
“Our house was crawling with Blackbats, we had Mice, the occasional Rat, silverfish, Nits and at least 4 million Spiders...I actually went to Dudley Zoo to get AWAY from wildlife not see it.” (Kandor, Apr 14, 2004)
…..
▼
birminghamforum.co.uk
“Re: Old Brummie sayings got any?... check ya boot for blackbats.” (Ray Harrison, January 03, 2014).
…..

Apart from Blackbat, in Worcestershire another beetle is referred to as a ‘bat’ – a ‘rainbat’ is a beetle which appears when it is about to rain.

Why PAT istead of BAT?
Possibly this is the influence of Welsh consonant cluster [kp] which has replaced [kb]
e.g. deg + punt > (degbunt / ten pounds [in money]) > decpunt,
deg + pwys > (degbwys / ten pounds [in weight]) > decpwys,

However [kb] is also current:
crog + pren (hang- + tree) has given crocbren (though in Cornish krokprenn, and Middle Breton (in modern Breton spelling) 'kroukprenn'), and
crog + pris (hang- + price = extortionate price) is crocbris;
ffacbys (= lentils) from English vatch < vetch + Welsh pys = peas.

In English, PAT is also a fond form of MARTHA, though it seems unlikely to be the final element in BLACPAT, since BLACKBAT seems to be the original form (Also PAT is a short form for Patrick, though this is only a current name in England in recent times with massive immigration from Ireland especially from the 1840s onwards).

As stated above, probable BAT = BART, ‘BARTOLEMEW’ (though spelt with TH – BARTHOLEMEW). (Nowadays in English the spelling TH has been taken as representing /θ/ instead of /t/, as in Catherine; but unlike Thomas, Anthony where /t/ is still present (though in the USA there is a tendency for spelling pronunciation to occure, and Anthony has /θ/.)

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blagard [ˡblagard] (nm) villain, scoundrel, bully (= Standard Welsh adyn [ˡadɪn], dihiryn [dɪˡhi·rɪn], blagard [ˡblagard])
#blagardz [ˡblagardz] (nm) villain, scoundrel, bully (= Standard Welsh adynod [aˡdənɔd], blagardiaid [blaˡgardjaid])
Also blagiar (pl) blagiarz [ˡblagjar, ˡblagjarz]

Origin: English BLAGGARD < BLACKGUARD (BLACK + GUARD). Used originally of kitchen workers in a large house, probably ironically in the sense of an army of servants or workers. Later the sense developed to ‘person of the criminal classes; low, contemptuous, vile individual’.

(Worcestershire): Upton on Severn Words and Phrases. Robert Lawson. English Dialect Society. 1884. BLAGGERD, n. Pron. (pronunciation) of blackguard. One addicted to swearing and low language.
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blagardath [blaˡgardaθ] (v) abuse, insulting language (= Standard Welsh difrïo [dɪˡfri·ɔ], blagardiaeth blaˡgardjaɪθ])
(Merthyr Times 19-03-1896) (Apparently no provection blagardath > *blagartath)
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blagardo [blaˡgardɔ] (v) abuse, insult (= Standard Welsh difrio [dɪˡfri·ɔ])
blagardo dyn yn i-gefan insult somebody or talk disparaginly of somebody behind his back
(BLAGARD) + (verbal suffix -IO) > BLAGARDIO > BLAGARDO
(Apparently no provection blagardo > blagarto)
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blän [blɛ:n, bla:n] (nm) top; source of a river (= Standard Welsh blaen [blaɪn])
PLURAL: bleuna, blīna [ˡblei̯na, ˡbli·na] (= Standard Welsh blaenau [ˡblei̯naɪ, -ɛ])
Y Bleuna (town in Gwent);

(adj) front (= Standard Welsh blaen [blaɪn])
bleuna [ˡblei̯na, ˡbli·na] (= foremost, first) (Standard Welsh blaenaf)
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blän gair [blɛ:n ˡgaɪr, bla:n ˡgaɪr] hint, intimation (= Standard Welsh blaen gair [blaɪn ˡgaɪr])
Fe-glwas flän gair pwy ddiwarnod fod... I heard it said the other day that...
Fe-glwas flän gair taw dyna dröws y dafol I heard it said that it was that which tipped the balance (Dafydd y Crydd, Y Darian, 11 Chwefror 1915: “Fe glwas flan gair taw dyna drows y dafol”)
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blasto [ˡblastɔ] (v) blast (= Standard Welsh blastio [ˡblastjɔ])
From the English word BLAST (+ verb suffix -IO) > BLASTIO > BLASTO
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blawd [blaud] (nm) flour. In Gwentian generally can [kan] (qv) (nm) = flour.
e.g. bara can wheaten bred; white bread
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blecid [ˡble·kɪd] (conj) because (= Standard Welsh oherwydd [o: ˡhe·ruið], oblegid [o: ˡble·gɪd])
blecid fel w-i weti gweid o’r blän because as I’ve said before
BLECID < OBLECID < OBLEGID
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bleuna [ˡblei̯na] (adj) first, foremost (= Standard Welsh blaenaf [blei̯nav]). See blän above.
y ddwy lein fleuna the first two lines
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bleuna [ˡblei̯na] (pl) top; source of a river (= Standard Welsh blaenau [ˡblei̯naɪ, -ɛ]). See blän above.
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Y Bleuna [ə ˡblei̯na] town in Gwent (= Standard Welsh Y Blaenau [ə ˡblei̯naɪ, ə ˡblei̯nɛ])
Y Blīna might be expected. The spelling in English is Blaina [blaɪnə]. The final “-a” is the Gwentian pronunciation of “-au”, though this has become /ə/ in English.
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Bleuna Morgannwg [ˡblei̯na mɔrˡganʊg] the uplands of Morgannwg (in contradistinction to Bro Morgannwg (= the lowlands of Morgannwg, Englished as the ‘Vale of Glamorgan’) (= Standard Welsh Blaenau Morgannwg [ˡblei̯naɪ, -ɛ mɔrˡganʊg])
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bleunllaw, blīnllaw [ˡblei̯nɬau̯, ˡblɪnɬau̯] (adj) foremost, prominent. (= Standard Welsh blaenllaw [ˡblei̯nɬau̯])
cymryd ran mor flīnllaw yn y Gynhatladd take such a prominent part in the conference (Y Darian. 3 Gorffennaf 1919. Llith y Tramp. “cymryd rhan mor flinllaw yn y Gynhatledd”.)
(Other spellings: blinllaw, flinllaw)
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blīna [ˡblīna]. = bleuna / blaenau. See blān.
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blīnllaw [ˡblɪnɬau̯] (adj) foremost, prominent. See bleunllaw.
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blôc [blo:k] (nm) bloke, fellow (= Standard Welsh dyn [di:n])
blôcs [blo:ks] (pl) (= Standard Welsh dynion [ˡdənjɔn])
From the English word BLOKE, of obscure origin.
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blongad [ˡblɔŋad] (v) belong (= Standard Welsh perthyn [ˡpɛrθɪn])
popath sy’n blongad i ni everything that belongs to us
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blotyn [ˡblo·tɪn] (nm) flower (= Standard Welsh blodyn [ˡblo·dɪn], blodeuyn [blɔˡdei̯ɪn])
blota [ˡblo·ta] (pl) flowers (= Standard Welsh blodau [ˡblo·daɪ, -ɛ])
blotyn gwyn a white flower
blota cawl marigolds (‘flowers [of] broth’, ‘broth flowers’)
Mā dicon o flota’n yr ardd there are plenty more fish in the sea (“there are enough flowers in the garden”)

Carmarthen Weekly Reporter. 18 Mai 1917. (Misprints corrected) We are apt to think that a good many kinds of grain which have not been much used in this country during the last thirty years are complete novelties. How many people in this country have ever thought of millet being used as a human food? Yet it has been used as human food in this country in the 18th century — at the Bluecoat School at any rate. Charles Lamb, the famous essayist, was at the Bluecoat School from 1783 until 1790. He speaks of "Monday's milk porridge blue and tasteless" and of "Wednesday's mess of millet." Nothing in the way of food appeared to be very acceptable to him for he did not even like Thursday's fresh boiled beef because it had "detestable marigolds floating in the pail to poison the broth." There is something very homely to people in the rural districts of Wales about the reference to marigolds. There is a peculiar variety of marigolds which is used for broth and whose value is so recognised in this respect that they are known as "Blodau Cawl" (broth flowers) or even "Cawl" for short. There are marigolds of course which are "florists' flowers" but any stranger who grows them in a Welsh neighbourhood need not be hurt if his friends congratulate him on the fine display and tell him that he can make beautiful broth out of that lot. In Lamb's time marigold was recognised in England as a "savoury"; it had not been ousted by Indian curries and other foreign spices. In English gardens the marigold now rivals the aster; but in Welsh country gardens it rivals the onion.

(delwedd B0407)
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blwyddyn [ˈblʊi̯ðɪn] (nf) year. Standard Welsh blwyddyn [ˈblʊi̯ðɪn].
Plural: blynydda [bləˡnəða] years. Standard Welsh blynyddoedd; blynyddau [bləˡnəðɔi̯ð, bləˡnəðaɪ, -ɛ]).
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blynydda [bləˡnəða] (plural) years. Standard Welsh blynyddoedd; blynyddau. See blwyddyn.
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bocso [ˡbɔksɔ] (v) to box (= Standard Welsh bocsio [ˡbɔksjɔ])
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boi-sgówt [bɔɪˡsgout] (nm) boy scout (= Standard Welsh sgowt [sgout])
boi-sgówts [bɔɪˡsgouts] (pl) boy scouts (= Standard Welsh sgowtiaid [ˡsgoutjaɪd])
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boneddig [bɔˡne·ðɪg] (adj) gentlemanly, gentlewomanly, noble (= Standard Welsh bonheddig [bɔˡnhe·ðɪg])
Also byneddig [bəˡne·ðɪg]
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bòla [ˡbɔla] (nm) stomach (= Standard Welsh bol [ˡbɔl])
cäl caws o fòla ci do something impossible, to futilely try to get back something which has been lost for ever (“get cheese from (the) stomach (of) (a) dog” [once the dog has eaten it])
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bollt [bɔɬt] (nf) thunderbolt, lightning bolt (= Standard Welsh mellten [ˡmɛɬtɛn] = lightning flash)
Plural: #bollta [ˡbɔɬta] (= Standard Welsh mellt [mɛɬt] = lightning flashes)
Dyma Dafydd òff fel bollt Dafydd went off like a lightning bolt (“here-is Dafydd of like (a) bolt”)
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bopa [ˡbɔpa] (nf) (= Standard Welsh modryb [ˡmɔdrɪb])
1/ auntie (sister of a father or mother); term of address
2/ auntie = wife of an uncle; term of address
3/ auntie = term of address for a woman who is not a member of the family but is, for example, a neighbour or friend of the parents
4/ ’en bopa effeminate man (“an old auntie”)

A word confined to the south-east; in origin, a child’s word for an aunt, evidently a form of modryb.
A possible explanation is: 
(1) modryb / motryb probably reduced to mòb, 
(2) with the addition of a diminutive -a; (moba). 
(3) In Welsh initial b and m can interchange (boba). 
(4) In the south-east, a b- at the beginning of a final syllable is devoiced to p- (bopa).
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bora [ˡbo·ra] (nm) morning (= Standard Welsh bore [ˡbo·rɛ])
PLURAL: boreua, boria [bɔˡrei̯, bɔˡria] (= Standard Welsh boreuau [bɔˡrei̯aɪ, -ɛ])
bora dä good morning (= bore da)
bora dy’ Satwn on Saturday morning (= bore dydd Sadwrn)
bora ddō yesterday morning (= bore ddoe)
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bord [bɔrd] (nf) table (= Standard Welsh bwrdd [bʊrð], bord [bɔrd])
y ford the table
bordydd [ˡbɔrdɪð] (= Standard Welsh byrddau [ˡbərðaɪ, -ɛ], bordydd [ˡbɔrdɪð])
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botas [ˡbɔtas] (nf) boot (= Standard Welsh botasen [bɔˡtasɛn])
botasa [bɔˡtasa] (pl) boot (= Standard Welsh botasau [bɔˡtasaɪ, -ɛ])

Gwesty’r Fotas Boot Inn, Merthyrtudful (Y Darian 25-06-1916)
Arwydd y Fotas (in Gwentian > #Arwdd y Fotas (assumed form)) Boot Inn, Merthyrtudful
Eisteddfod y Fotas (in Gwentian > #’Steddfod y Fotas (assumed form))

(“Material archived in Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru / National Library of Wales under the title “Eisteddfod y Fottas” described as “Poetical compositions, 1824-1827, submitted for competition at 'Eisteddfod y Fottas' (the Boot Eisteddfod), held by Cymdeithas Cadair Merthyr Tydfil at the Boot Inn (Arwydd y Fottas), Merthyr Tydfil, together with some adjudications.”)
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brecad (?) [ˡbre·kad] (nm) army, throng (= Standard Welsh llu [ɬi:])
Most likely a variant of archaic Welsh bragad [ˡbra·gad] = army, throng: bragad > bregad > brecad
Clywad fod brecad o w^yr Cwmaman yn gorfod cerad milldirodd wrth ddychwelyd o'r ffair
I’ve heard that a throng of Cwmanan people had to walk miles returning from the fair
(Tarian y Gweithiwr. 20 Medi 1900. “Clywed fod breced o wyr Cwmaman yn gorfod cerdded milldiroedd wrth ddychwelyd o'r ffair”.)
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bràgo [ˡbragɔ] (v) 1/ brag, boast (= Standard Welsh ymffrostio [əmˡfrɔstjɔ]) 2/ extol the virtues of, talk about admiringly

rwpath felny yn werth i chi fràgo amdano
something like that is worth bragging about for you
Tarian y Gweithiwr 06-01-1898 Llythyra Newydd: rhwpath felni yn werth i chi frago am dano
(Other spellings: brago, braggo)
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braich [braɪx] (nm) arm (= Standard Welsh braich [braɪx])
PLURAL: breicha, brīcha [ˡbrei̯xa, ˡbri·xa] (pl) (arms) (= Standard Welsh breichiau [ˡbrei̯xjaɪ, -ɛ])
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braith [braɪθ] (adj) feminine form of brith [bri:θ]) (= speckled, variegated)
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’Braman [ˡbraman] (nf) place name (= Standard Welsh Aberaman [aberˡaman])
Village in the Cynon valley (the confluence of Aman, place where the Aman stream flows into the river Cynon; 

aber = confluence (used with the name of a tributary) + Aman (river name)

In Gwentian, Aberaman > ’Beraman > ’Braman
(1) the initial vowel, which is unaccented, drops away (a very common phenomenon in spoken Welsh) 
(2) the vowel in the pretonic syllable drops away to give a consonant cluster br-
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brän [brɛ:n] (nf) crow; raven (= Standard Welsh brân [bra:n])
brain [braɪn] (pl) (= Standard Welsh brain [braɪn])
swno fel brän sound like a crow
canu fel brän sing like a crow
Cwm-brän Cwm-brân. Though popularly supposed to be “valley of the crow” (which would in fact be “cwm y frân”, Gwentian “cwm y frän”, the form of the name shows it to be “the valley of (the stream called) Brân”, referring to the stream “Nant Brân” in this place.

1/ The stream name most likely refers to the colour of the water (with “brân” used as an adjective = “raven-black”) as in other watercourses of the same name.
2/ Another possibility is that it is the personal name Brân, hence “Brân’s stream”.
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bratu [ˡbra·tɪ] (v) to waste, to use needlessly (= Standard Welsh afradu [aˡvra·di], gwastraffu [gwasˡtra·fi])
From afradu = to waste; (af- = negative prefix) + (rhad = grace) + (-u = suffix to form verbs). Afradu > ‘fradu. Because f [v] is often a soft-mutated form of b in some words there is a temptation to ‘restore’ this b, even where it is unjustified.
Hence ’fradu > bradu. In the south-east, a d- at the beginning of a final syllable is devoiced to t- (bratu).
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brawd [braud] (nm) 1/ brother = relative 2/ brother = comrade (= Standard Welsh brawd [braud])
brotyr [ˡbro·tɪr] (pl) (= Standard Welsh brodyr [ˡbro·dɪr])
mā-nw’n ddou frawd they’re brothers (‘they are two brothers’)
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breicha [ˡbrei̯xa] (pl) arms. See braich (= arm)
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brênz [bre:nz] (nm) (Englishism) brains = intellectual capability (= Standard Welsh ymenydd [əˡme·nɪð])
From English BRAINS
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brethyn [ˡbre·θɪn] (nm) cloth (= Standard Welsh brethyn [ˡbre·θɪn])
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briallyn [brɪˡaɬɪn] (nm) primrose (= Standard Welsh briallen [brɪˡaɬɛn])
PLURAL: brialla [brɪˡaɬa] (= Standard Welsh briallu [brɪˡaɬɪ]
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brīcha [ˡbri·xa] (pl) arms. See braich (= arm)
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bricsan [ˡbrɪksan] (nf) brick (= Standard Welsh bricsen [ˡbrɪksɛn], priddfaen [ˡprɪðvaɪn])
PLURAL: brics [brɪks] (pl) (= Standard Welsh briciau [ˡbrɪkjaɪ, -ɛ], priddfeini [prɪðˡvei̯nɪ])
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gwaith brics [gwaɪθ ˡbrɪks] brickworks
English BRICKS > Welsh BRICS.
(BRICS = bricks) + (-EN singulative suffix) > BRICSEN (> BRICSAN)
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Brigro [ˡbrɪgrɔ] (nm) Birchgrove Colliery, Llansamlet (1845-1932). (= Standard Welsh Llwynbedw [ɬuɪnˡbe·dʊ])
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bripsyn [ˡbrɪpsɪn] (nm) piece, fragment, bit; tiny amount (= Standard Welsh darn [darn])
Also bripshin [ˡbrɪpʃɪn]
From Norman-French BRIBE /brib/ (f) (= fragment, scrap). Plural BRIBES /bribs/ > Welsh (BRIPS) + (singulative suffix – YN) > BRIPSYN.
Modern French has the same word (BRIBE /brib/ = fragment).
The English word BRIBE (n) (= money etc given to influence somebody), BRIBE (v) (= to give such money to somebody) is of the same French origin: BRIBE = fragment; piece of bread; piece of bread given to a beggar; later the meaning in English became that of money etc given to somebody to persuade that person to do something (often illegal).
·····
brith [bri:θ] (adj)
Feminine form braith [braɪθ], plural brithion [ˡbrɪθjɔn]
(1) speckled 
(2) (bread) speckled with currants
bara brith currant bread (literally ‘speckled bread’)
(3) (person) shady, dubious, unsavoury, not to be trusted; bachan brith = shady type, shady character.
·····
broc [brɔk] (adj) dappled (= Standard Welsh cymysgliw [kəˡməsglɪu])
casag froc a dappled mare
Probably from English BROCK = an inferior horse; if not Irish BROC [brok] = speckled..
·····
broc [brɔk] (nm)
1/ dappled horse (= Standard Welsh ceffyl brith [ˡkɛfɪl bri:θ])


(delwedd 5904)

A Dictionary of the Kentish Dialect and Provincialisms in Use in the County of Kent. William Douglas Parish, William Francis Shaw and John White Masters. 1888.
BROK, BROCK [brok] sb. An inferior horse. The word is used by Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, 7125

2/ Nickname for people from Y Rugos (Rhigos)
brocs [brɔks] (pl) (= Standard Welsh ceffylau brithion [kɛˡfəlaɪ ˡbrɪθkjɔn])


(delwedd 5902)

Y Darian. 28 Hydref 1915. Brocs y Rhicos.—Yr oedd y Rhicos yn enwog un amser am y “Merlynod Brocs," cymysg-liw, tywyll a goleu, a phan y byddai ymryson rhwng pobol y cyffiniau, gelwid gwyr Rhicos yn “Frocs," a hynny mewn digofaint.
ENGLISH TRANSLATION: The Rugos Brocks. Y Rugos was once famous for the “Brock Ponies”, of variegated colours, dark and light, and when there was contention among people of the vicinity the inhabitants of Y Rugos were called ‘Brocks’ in anger.


(delwedd J6519)
·····
’Brocwr [ˡbro·kʊr] (nf) place name (= Aberogwr [a·ber ˡo·gʊr])]
Name of the the village at the estuary of this river (called by the English ‘Ogmore on Sea’). 
In Gwentian, Aberogwr > Aberocwr > Berocwr > Brocwr
(1) In Gwentian, [b d g] as the initial syllable of the final syllable are devoiced to give [p t k]  (“provection”)
(2) the initial vowel, which is unaccented, drops away (a very common phenomenon in spoken Welsh)
(3) the vowel in the pretonic syllable drops away to give a consonant cluster br-
·····
Brocyn [ˡbrɔkɪn] (nm) (pseudonym of the writer of a report on Eisteddfod Gwyl Ddewi Hirwaun / the St David’s Day Eisteddfod yn Hirwaun, Y Darian. 24 Mai 1917, tudalen / page 8. (= Standard Welsh brocyn [ˡbrɔkɪn]). See BROC above.)

(BROC = inhabitant of Y Rugos) + (-YN diminutive suffix, or singulative suffix) > BROCYN = “an inhabitant of Y Rugos”, “one of the brocks”; literally “brock pony”.
·····
bron (1) [brɔn] (nf) breast (= Standard Welsh bron [brɔn])
bronna [ˡbrɔna] (pl) (= Standard Welsh bronnau [ˡbrɔnaɪ, -ɛ])
·····
bron (2) [brɔn] (adv) almost (= Standard Welsh bron [brɔn])
bron pawb almost everybody
·····
bryn [brɪn] (nm) hill (= Standard Welsh bryn [brɪn])
brynna [ˡbrəna] (pl) (= Standard Welsh bryniau [ˡbrənjaɪ, -ɛ])
·····
Y Brynna [ə ˡbrəna] village name (This Gwentian form is the official name of the place, rather than the literary Welsh form which would be Y Bryniau [ə ˡbrənjaɪ, -ɛ])
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bucal [ˡbi·kal] (nm) 1/ shepherd 2/ minister (= Standard Welsh bugail [ˡbi·gaɪl, bi·gɛl])
bugeilid (pl) [biˡgei̯lɪd] (pl) (= Standard Welsh bugeiliaid [biˡgei̯li̯aɪd, -i̯ɛd])
Also: bugīlid# [biˡgi·lɪd]
·····
budur [ˡbɪdɪr] (adj) dirty; remarkable, splendid, wonderful (= Standard Welsh budr, budur [ˡbɪdɪr] = dirty)
bachan budur a splendid fellow, a wonderful man
Own-i weti blino'n fudur I was tired out
Licwn-i wpod yn fudur pwy yw “Ap Perllannydd”…. I’d really like to know who “Ap Perllannydd” is….
Treni budur yw ’ynny That’s a great pity

Though one might expect [d] > [t]; butur [ˡbɪtɪr] does not occur as the [d] is from an expanded consonant cluster and in such cases provection does not occur.
·····
busnesan [bɪˡsnɛsan] (adj) go about one’s business (= Standard Welsh ymbrysuro [əmbrəˡsi·rɔ])
From Welsh (BUSNES = business) + (-AN verb suffix) > BUSNESAN
·····
buta [ˡbɪta] (v) eat (= Standard Welsh bwyta [ˡbuita])
Diawst a myto! Heavens above! (“may the devil eat me”). Cf Danish Fand(e)me, contraction of “fanden æde mig” (“may Satan devour me”).
·····
bwa [bu·a] (nm) 1/ bow
bwa’r wibran rainbow (‘bow (of the) sky’)
From Old English or Middle English

2/ arch of a bridge (= Standard Welsh bwa [bu·a])
Cf Dialect Words from North Somerset
Bow = Hump-backed stone bridge over water-course
http://www.ycccart.co.uk/index_htm_files/Dialect%20words%20in%20reports-2.pdf
·····
bwcwth [ˡbu·kʊθ] (v) threaten (= Standard Welsh bygythio [ˡbəgəθjɔ], bygwth [ˡbəgʊθ])
·····
bŵl [bu:l] (nm) bowl (in game of bowling) (= Standard Welsh bŵl [bu:l])

Ynys-y-bŵl apparently ‘meadow of the bowl’, bowling field

If this is the correct intepretation, note the use of the singular for the plural in Gwlad y Sais (‘Land of the Englishman’ = England),
Gwlad y Basg (‘Land of the Basque man’, the Basque Country).
·····
bwlch [bʊlx], (nm) 1/ gap, pass between hills (= Standard Welsh bwlch [bʊlx])
bwlcha [ˡbʊlxa] (pl) (= Standard Welsh bylchau [ˡbəlxaɪ, ˡbəlxɛ])
2/ Bydd bwlch mawr ar i-ôl He / she will be sorely missed (in lamenting a death)

Penbwlcha (ST 08884 97447). Farm name, Pont-y-gwaith, Merthyr Tudful.
(= pen y bylchau – (the) hill (of) the passes / gaps)
·····
bwm [bʊm] (nm) county court bailiff (= Standard Welsh bwmbeili [bʊmˡbei̯lɪ]) (Y Darian 25-06-1916)
bwms (pl) [bʊmz] (pl) bailiffs (= Standard Welsh bwmbeiliaid [bʊmbei̯ˡli·aɪd])
From English BUM, a short form for BAILIFF


(delwedd 5830)
Bum, or Bum-bailey, n. a broker’s man. ‘I heerd uz how Jack ‘ud got the bums in ‘is ‘ouse for rent.’ A Glossary of Words and Phrases used in S.E. Worcestershire / Jesse Salisbury / 1893. (= I heard as how Jack had got the bums in his house for rent”, had got the bums in his house to remove goods for non-payment of the rent)

·····
bwndal [ˡbʊndal] (nm) 1/ bundle (= Standard Welsh sypyn, paced)
bwndal o bapyra a bundle of papers
GPC: bwndel, from English BUNDLE
·····
bwriatu [bʊrˡja·tɪ] (v) intend (= Standard Welsh bwriadu [bʊrˡja·dɪ])
·····
bwtshwr [ˡbʊʧʊr], (nm) butcher (= Standard Welsh cigydd [ˡki·gɪð])
bwtshwrz [ˡbʊʧʊrz] (pl) (= Standard Welsh cigyddion [kɪˡgəðjɔn])
From English BUTCHER, with the Welsh agent suffix -WR.
·····
byd [bi:d] (nm) world (= Standard Welsh byd [bi:d])
Pl: bytodd [ˡbədɔð] (= Standard Welsh bydoedd [ˡbədɔi̯ð])
·····
bydd [bi:ð] (v – second person singular imperative) be (= Standard Welsh bydd [bi:ð])
Bydd yn dawal! Be quiet! Be silent!
·····
bylc [bəlk] (nm) bulk; the greater part (= Standard Welsh crynswth; bwlc [ˡkrənsʊθ, bʊlk])
bylc i-arian most of his money (Y Darian. 20 Chwefror 1919. Y Waunwaelod, Caerffili “bylc i arian”)
From English BULK, 1400s.
·····
byneddig [bəˡne·ðɪg]. See boneddig [bɔˡne·ðɪg]
·····
’Byr- shortened form of aber in some place names
’Byr-där for Aber-där
’Byrtawa for Abertawa
·····
bysa [ˡbəsa] (v) it would be > basa [ˡbasa]
·····
bỳth [bɪθ] (adv) ever; (with negative) never
fyswn i bỳth yn... I’d never... (= Standard Welsh ni fuaswn byth yn.... [ni: vɪˡa·sʊn bɪθ ən..])
am bỳth for ever
Cymru am bỳth Wales for ever

NOTE: in the spelling used in this dictionary, the ỳ indicates a short ‘i’ sound [ɪ] where normally in such a pattern (here a monosyllable with vowel + final ‘th’) the vowel would be long. Cf nyth [ni:θ] = a nest.
·····
bythewnos [bəˡθɛʊnɔs] (nm). Soft-mutated form p > b.
See the radical form pythewnos (= fortnight, two weeks)
·····
byti [ˡbətɪ] butty, buddy, friend, mate (= Standard Welsh cyfaill [ˡkəvaɪɬ])
bytiz [ˡbətɪz] (pl) (= Standard Welsh cyfeillion [kəˡvei̯ɬjɔn])
Also bÿt [bət] as a term of address.

NOTE: byti, bÿt are recent forms in south-eastern Welsh from English butty, butt.
In the case of ‘byti’, the older expression was partnar [ˡpartnar] or pantnar [ˡpantnar] (= partner).
Rather than ‘bÿt’ men were addressed as achan of fachan (= boy).
Also used as a term of address was ‘brawd’ (without mutation, although the soft-mutated form ‘frawd’ might be expected’)

Byti is not listed in GPC (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru) but in GYA (Geiradur yr Academi), under “buddy”, there is byti m[asculine noun] (bytis) S: F: (= South Wales, Familiar / Colloquial)

The word ‘butty’ was brought into Wales by English immigrant workers.

1/ (Gloucestershire) It was used by Forest of Dean miners in Gloucestershire, in England, just over the Welsh border.

BBC “Where I Live – Gloucestershire” / 'Ow bist thee awld butty?', the butty zyztem wuz a woy o' payment in the pit wer the Butty Mon ould poy out a group o' miners workin' under 'im. But the word 'Butty' wuz alzo uzed az a word ver yer vrend ar mate. (= How are you, old butty / old mate? – the butty system was a way of payment in the pit where the Butty Man would pay out a group of miners working under him. But the word ‘butty’ was also used as a word for your friend or mate.) (Contributed by Keith Morgan)
http://www.bbc.co.uk/gloucestershire/voices2005/glossary.shtml

2/ (Worcestershire): Upton on Severn Words and Phrases. Robert Lawson. English Dialect Society. 1884. BUTTY, n. A mate, or fellow-workman. A butty gang is a gang of men who share equally. (Et(ymological) Dict(ionary)).

3/ (Herefordshire) Butty, = a fellow workman. Butty-collier used elsewhere.*
NOTE *In some trades the butty is necessarily the inferior man, as with sawyers, &c. But practically some very good workmen prefer working in pairs, as in draining, timber falling, &c., the butty being the younger man.

Herefordshire Words & Phrases, Colloquial and Archaic, About 1300 In Number, Current In The County.
Francis T. Havergal, M.A. (1829-1890). 1887. Tudalen 9.
·····
bywyd [ˡbəwɪd] (nm) life (= Standard Welsh bywyd [ˡbəwɪd])
bywyta [bəˡwəta] (pl) lives (= Standard Welsh bywydau [bəˡwədaɪ, -ɛ])



NODIADAU
(Other spellings: bad, bed, bêd, bâd, bæd, baed, bâta, bata) blacpatyn. Variant and related forms and spellings: blac-pat, blac-pad, blacpaten, blacpaden, blacpadyn, blac-pats, blac-pads, flacpat, flacpats, flacpaten, flacpatan, flacpadyn, flac-pats, flac-pads, black patan; in English: blackpat, blackpats, black pat, black pats, black pad, black pads, blackpad, blackpads. Aber-dâr: Aberdâr, Bardêr, Bardare, Byrdêr, Byrdare, Bartifi, Byrtifi, Barteifi, Barteifi) (Other spellings of budr: bidir, fidir, budur, budir, fudur, fudir) bore: bora, borua, boria, borïa, boreia, boreua)

xxxxx

Geiriadur Geiriau Cymraeg Camsillafedig (Sillafiadau Tafodieithol, Hynafol, Anarferol, Anghywir a Seisnegedig).
Geiriau Cymraeg nad yw yn y geiriaduron safonol - gellir gweld llawer ohonynt, ynglŷn â’u sillafiad safonol, yn y ddolen-gyswllt isod:

Dictionary of Misspelt Welsh Words (Dialectal, Archaic, Unusual, Incorrect and Anglicised Spellings).
Welsh words not listed in standard Welsh dictionaries - many might be found, along with their standard spelling, via the link below:

www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur-camsillafiadau_MORFIL_3525e.htm


(delwedd G4002b)

Sumbolau:

a A / æ Æ / e E / ɛ Ɛ / i I / o O / u U / w W / y Y /
MACRONː ā Ā / ǣ Ǣ / ē Ē / ä Ä / ī Ī / ō Ō / ū Ū / w̄ W̄ / ȳ Ȳ /
MACRON + ACEN DDYRCHAFEDIGː Ā̀ ā̀ , Ḗ ḗ, Ī́ ī́ , Ṓ ṓ , Ū́ ū́, (w), Ȳ́ ȳ́
MACRON + ACEN DDISGYNEDIGː Ǟ ǟ , Ḕ ḕ, Ī̀ ī̀, Ṑ ṑ, Ū̀ ū̀, (w), Ȳ̀ ȳ̀
MACRON ISODː A̱ a̱ , E̱ e̱ , I̱ i̱ , O̱ o̱, U̱ u̱, (w), Y̱ y̱
BREFː ă Ă / ĕ Ĕ / ĭ Ĭ / ŏ Ŏ / ŭ Ŭ / B5236ː B5237ː
BREF GWRTHDRO ISODː i̯, u̯
CROMFACHAUː ⟨ ⟩ deiamwnt
A’I PHEN I LAWRː ∀, ә, ɐ (u+0250) httpsː //text-symbols.com/upside-down/
Y WENHWYSWEG: ɛ ä ǣ æ Ε̄ ε̄


ˈ ɑ ɑˑ aˑ aː / æ æː / e eˑeː / ɛ ɛː / ɪ iˑ iː ɪ / ɔ oˑ oː / ʊ uˑ uː ʊ / ə / ʌ /
ẅ Ẅ / ẃ Ẃ / ẁ Ẁ / ŵ Ŵ /
ŷ Ŷ / ỳ Ỳ / ý Ý / ɥ
ˈ ð ɬ ŋ ʃ ʧ θ ʒ ʤ / aɪ ei̯ uɪ ɪʊ aʊ ɛʊ ɔʊ əʊ / £
ә ʌ ẃ ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ ẅ ẃ ẁ Ẁ ŵ ŷ ỳ Ỳ ɥ Hungarumlautː A̋ a̋

U+1EA0 Ạ U+1EA1 ạ
U+1EB8 Ẹ U+1EB9 ẹ
U+1ECA Ị U+1ECB ị
U+1ECC Ọ U+1ECD ọ
U+1EE4 Ụ U+1EE5 ụ
U+1E88 Ẉ U+1E89 ẉ
U+1EF4 Ỵ U+1EF5 ỵ
gyn aith δ δ £ gyn aith δ δ £ U+2020 †
« »

DAGGER
wikipedia, scriptsource. org
httpsː []//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ǣ

Hwngarwmlawtː A̋ a̋
gyn aith δ δ
…..
…..
ʌ ag acen ddyrchafedig / ʌ with acute accentː ʌ́

Ə́ ə́

Shwa ag acen ddyrchafedig / Schwa with acute

…..
…..
wikipedia,
scriptsource.[]org
httpsː//[ ]en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ǣ

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