fkimkat3566. Geiriadur Saesneg a Chymraeg (Gwenhwyseg). ̄A Dictionary of English and Welsh (Gwentian dialect – the south-eastern dialect of Wales).

30-09-2024

..	Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia La Web de Catalunya i Gal·les Geiriadur Cymraeg (Gwenhwyseg) - Saesneg Welsh - English (Gwentian dialect) Dictionary C

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(delwedd J7476)


(delwedd J6256b)

http: //www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_0934k.htm Y Wenhwyseg - y prif dudalen
http: //www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_2184c.htm El dialecte güentià del gal·lès - la pàgina prinicipal
http: //www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_1004e.htm Gwentian dialect of Welsh – the main page

NOTE: # preceding a word = presumed word

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cä [kɛ:, ka:] (nm) field. Standard Welsh: cae [kai̯]
PLURAL cīa [ˡki·a]. Standard Welsh: caeau [ˡkei̯ai̯]. (pl) fields.
Standard ceuau [ˡkei̯ai̯] = southern ceue [ˡkei̯ɛ] ̄> Gwentian ceua [ˡkei̯a] > cĪa [ˡki·a]
ar y Cä Bäch on the Little Field
cä ffwtbol football field. Standard Welsh: cae pêl-droed

Pen-cä [pɛnˡkɛ:], (Standard) Pen-cae older name for Glynebwy / Ebbw Vale “(place at) (the) end (of) the field)”:
pen y cae > pen cae (omission of the linking definite article).

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cacamwci [kakaˡmʊkɪ] (nm) burdock (Arctium Lappa)
The standard name is cyngaf mawr [ˡkəŋgav ˡmaur]
topyn cacamwci bur, the prickly case containing the seeds of a burdock plant
glynu wth (rwpath) fel / ishta topyn cacamwci
(Adapted from ‘Gobeithio y glŷn yr enw wrthynt fel topyn cacamwci’ Y Darian 25 Rhagfyr 1919)


(delwedd 5669)

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(Standard Welsh) cadair (nf) chair. See Gwentian catar

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(Standard Welsh) cael [kai̯l] (v) get, obtain. See Gwentian cāl, cäl [ka:l, kɛ:l]

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(Standard Welsh) Caerffili [kaerˡfi·lɪ] (nf). See Gwentian: Carffili [karˡfi·lɪ].
Spelt as Caerphilly in English.

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(Standard Welsh) cafodd [ˡka·vɔð] (v) he / she / it got. See Gwentian cās, cäs [ka:s, kɛ:s]

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cāl, cäl [ka:l, kɛ:l] (v) get, obtain. Standard Welsh: cael [kai̯l]
CĀL > (central and eastern Gwentian) CÄL
cäl annwd catch a cold, get a cold. Standard Welsh: cael annwyd)

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calch [kalx] (nm) lime, chalk. Gwentian calch [kalx]
Also: cialch [kjalx]

otyn galch lime-kiln

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calon [ˡkalɔn] (nf) heart. Gwentian càlon [ˡkalɔn]
y^ch-chi'n gweud càlon y gwir you’re quite right (‘you’re saying the heart of the truth’)
gobītho o gàlon fod-a... I really hope that he.. (‘hope + from + heart’)

NOTE: à in the spelling because the vowel is short; before ‘l’ we might expect a half-long vowel, but historically the ‘l’ was a geminate, though there is no special letter in Welsh to show this (Catalan has l·l, for example))

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calondid, clondid [ˡkalɔndid, ˡklɔndid] (nm) encouragement. Standard Welsh: codiad càlon [ˡkɔdjad ˡkalɔn], calondid [ˡkalɔndid]

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cam [kam] (nm) an injustice, a wong. Standard Welsh: cam [kam]
cäl cam (gan) be wronged by, be done an injustice (by) (‘get injustice with’). Standard Welsh: cael cam gan [kaɪl ˡkam gan]

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camenwi [kamˡɛnwɪ] (v) misname, wrongly name. Standard Welsh: camenwi [kamˡɛnwɪ]
Camenwir Cwm Du -
Cwm gwyn yw’n cwm ni
(Rhyme from Llanfihangel Cwm Du, Brycheiniog / Breconshire.)
= Cwm Du (black valley) is wrongly named / our valley is a white valley (i.e. paradisaical) (“du” suggests sad; gloomy; evil, wicked) ̄



(delwedd J6499)

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camol [ˡkamɔl] (v) praise. Standard Welsh: canmol [ˡkanmɔl]
CANMOL > CAMMOL > CAMOL

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campus [ˡkampɪs] (adj) excellent. Standard Welsh: campus [ˡkampɪs]
“Campus!” mynta-fa “Excellent!” he said

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camsynad [kamˡsənad] (v) be mistaken, make a mistake. Standard Welsh: camsynied [kamˡsənjɛd]
NOTES: (1) typical of the south is the loss of the consonantal i at the beginning of a final syllable 
(2) In the south-east, a final e > a.
òs näg w-i’n camsynad ( = os nad wyf yn camsynied) if I’m not mistaken
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can [kan] (nm) flour. In standard Welsh blawd [blaud] = flour.

bara can wheaten bread; white bread

NOTES: Can is the southern word for flour, standard blawd. It is connected with the adjective cannaid ( = white, gleaming white). By Merthyrtudful there is a stream name Cannaid, and a village Abercannaid. 

The Latin word ‘candidus’ is related to the Welsh word; it appears in English derivatives as ‘candid’ ( = frank), ‘candidate’ (in Latin, candidatus = someone dressed in a white gown). 

Blawd ( = flour) is related to blodeuyn / blodyn ( = flower), just as in English “flour” and “flower” are in fact one and the same word, albeit with different spellings. 

In Catalan, ‘the best part of the flour, top-quality flour’ is la flor de la farina, and in French fleur de farine, which probably explains how of blawd- ( = flower) in Welsh and flower in English developed this new meaning: flower > the best part of the powder of milled grain > the powder of milled grain in general. 

In the south-west of Wales fflŵr [flu: r] is used - from the Middle English pronunciation of ‘flour’ [flu: r]

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cän, cân [kɛ:n, ka:n] (nf) song. Standard Welsh: cân [ka:n]

CÄN (central and eastern Gwentian)
PLURAL: caneuon, canïon [kaˡnəɪɔn, kaˡni·ɔn].

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can’ [kan] (numeral, nm) hundred < cant [kant] hundred
Used before a consonant. Sometimes as a quasi-prefix.
canpunt one hundred pounds

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canddo [ˡkanðɔ] (nm) fox. Standard Welsh: llwynog [ˡɬuɪnɔg]; cadno [ˡkadnɔ]
cenddi [ˡkɛnðɪ] (pl) foxes. Standard Welsh: llwynogod [ɬuɪˡnɔgɔd]; cadnöid [kadˡno·ɪd]

Metathesis of the southern form cadno > canddo
Also cynddo [ˡkənðɔ]

In New Inn, Pont-y-pŵl there is a wood called Coed y Canddo (‘(the) wood (of) the fox’)
(or, locally, it would be Cōd y Canddo / Cōd Canddo).

In Blaenafon there is Twyn Carn Canddo ( = twyn carn y canddo) (‘the) hill (of) “Carn y Canddo”, i.e (the) cairn (of) the fox’, fox-cairn).
The ‘intermediate definite article’ is often lost in place names.

Ond nawr mae'n llawn o bwlla
Fel twlla cenddi'r Fro
Dau Hen Bartner ar Ymweliad â Chwm Rhondda. Cymru. Cyfrol 72. 1 Ionawr 1927. t.175
But now it’s full of coalmines
Like the foxholes of the district


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cant [kant] (numeral, nm) hundred. Standard Welsh: cant [kant]
cannodd [ˡkanɔð] (pl) hundreds. Standard Welsh: cannoedd [ˡkanɔið]
deg y cant ten per cent

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capal [ˡkapal] (nm) chapel.
1/ Nonconformist place of worship)
2/ (formerly, in medieval Wales) chapel of ease of a parish church.
PLURAL: capeli [kaˡpe·lɪ] chapels. Standard Welsh: capeli ̄[kaˡpe·lɪ]



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carc [kark] (nm) care, caution. Standard Welsh: gofal [ˡgo·val]
NOTE: From an English word CARC ( = care), from Norman, from Latin CARCÂRE < CARRICÂRE ( = load, take charge of)

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Cardi [ˡkardɪ] (nf) 1/ somebody from Ceredigion / Cardiganshire; 2/ (in Rhondda, etc) somebody from rural western Wales in general. Standard Welsh: Cardi [ˡkardɪ]
PLURAL: Cardiz [ˡkardɪz] (pl). Standard Welsh: Cardis [ˡkardɪs]


(delwedd G3822)

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#caraj [ˡkaraʤ] (presumed form with final-syllable “a”) (nf) carriage. Standard Welsh: cerbyd [ˡkɛrbɪd]
PLURAL: cárejiz [ˡkarɛʤɪz] (pl). Standard Welsh: cerbydau [kɛrˡbədaɪ]
#caraj < carej < English CARREDGE. Standard English: carriage [ˡkarɪʤ] – (1) act of carrying; (2) a vehicle. From French.


(delwedd B0415)


(delwedd B0418)

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Carffili [karˡfi·lɪ] (nf) name of a town. Spelt as Caerphilly in English. Standard Welsh Caerffili [kaɪrˡfi·lɪ]
Also: Cyrffili [kərˡfi·lɪ]

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carn [karn] (nf) 1/ cairn 2/ great quantity of, loads of. Standard Welsh: carn [karn]
PLURAL: carna [ˡkarna] (pl). Standard Welsh: carnau [ˡkarnai]
carn o ddynon a great many people

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carrag [ˡkarag] (nf) stone. Standard Welsh: carreg [ˡkarɛg]
PLURAL: (Gwentian) cerrig [ˡkɛrɪg] stones. Standard Welsh: cerrig [ˡkɛrɪg].]
CARREG > CARRAG (final-syllable “e” > “a”)

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(Standard Welsh) carreg [ˡkarɛg] (nf) stone. See Gwentian carrag [ˡkarag].

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cas, cäs [ka:s, kɛ:s] (1) (adj) nasty, bad. Standard Welsh: cas [ka:s].

CAS > (central and eastern Gwentian) CƐS

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cas, cäs [ka:s, kɛ:s] (2) (nm) case = state of things. The standard word is achos [ˡa·xɔs]

CAS > (central and eastern Gwentian) CƐS
mwn llawar cäs in many cases

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cas, cäs [ka:s, kɛ:s] (3) (v) he / she / it got. Standard Welsh: cafodd [ˡka·vɔð]

CAS > (central and eastern Gwentian) CƐS

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cas [ka:s] (adj) nasty, bad. Gwentian cas [ka:s] > cäs [kɛ:s].

Peth cäs iawn yw clwad am dylwth yn ffruo da'u gilydd It’s not very nice (“a very nasty thing is hearing…”) to hear about a family arguing with each other…(Adapted from: “Peth cas iawn yw clywed am dylwyth yn ffraeo a'u gilydd”. Tarian y Gweithiwr 25-10-1894).

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cas, cäs [ka: s, kɛ:s (v) he / she / it got. Standard Welsh: cafodd [ˡka·vɔð]
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cän [kɛ: n] (nf). Standard Welsh: song) See cân [ka: n]
cɛs [kɛ:s] (1) (adj) nasty, bad. See (Gwentian) cas [ka:s] (1)

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cɛs [kɛ:s] (2) (nm) case. See (Gwentian) cas [ka:s] (2)

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cäs [kɛ:s] (3) (v) he / she / it got. See (Gwentian) cās [ka:s] (3)

cɛth [kɛ:θ] (nf) cat. See (Gwentian) cath [ka:θ]
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casag [ˡkasag] (nf) mare. Standard Welsh: caseg [ˡkasɛg]
PLURAL: cesyg (pl) [ˡkɛsɪg] mares. Standard Welsh: cesyg [ˡkɛsɪg]
Explanation: CASAG (“e” in a final syllable becomes “a”) < CASEG

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castall [ˡkastaɬ] (nf) castle. Standard Welsh: castell [ˡkastɛɬ]
PLURAL: (Gwentian) castella (pl) [kaˡstɛɬa] castles. Standard Welsh: cestyll [ˡkɛstɪɬ]
Explanation: CASTALL < CASTELL (“e” in a final syllable becomes “a”).
CASTELLA (“e” in a final syllable becomes “a”) < CASTELLE (“au” in a final syllable becomes “e”) < CASTELLAU

CASTELLAU is an alternative plural form (CASTELL + -plural suffix -AU), in standard Welsh CESTYLL.

Etymology: CASTELL < Brythonic < Latin castellum (= small camp, small fort), a diminutive form of castrum (= camp, fort)

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Castall-nedd [ˡkastaɬ ˡne:ð] the town of Neath (“(the) castle (of) (the lordship of) Neath”).

The Norman demesne lordship of Neath was carved out of the Welsh commote of Afan, and named after the river NEDD. Standard Welsh: Castell-nedd [ˡkastɛɬ ˡne: ð]. A short form of the name was Cas-nedd [ˡkas ˡne:ð], as in Cas-gwent (Chepstow) for Castell-gwent, and Casnewydd (Newport) for Castellnewydd, and also Casnewydd (Newcastle), part of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (Bridgend).

NEDD [ne:ð] was spelt NEATHE in English, probably representing at first [nɛ:ð] a close approximation of the Welsh pronunciation (the English digraph EA suggests an original long open “e” [ɛ:]; the use of [θ] instead of [ð] possibly a spelling pronunciation when NEATHE lost the final E in its spelling, as final TH in English words suggests [θ]. By usual sound changes in English [ɛ:] > [e:] > [i:], hence modern [ni:θ].

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catar [ˡka·tar] (nf) chair. Standard Welsh: cadair [ˡka·daɪr]
PLURAL: cadeira / cadira (pl) [kaˡdəɪra, kaˡdi·ra] chairs. Standard Welsh: cadeiriau [kaˡdəɪrjaɪ, -jɛ]
catar wellt cane chair pl. cadira gwellt Standard Welsh: cadair wellt [ˡka·daɪr ˡwɛɬt]

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catarn [ˡka·tarn] (adj) strong. Standard Welsh: cadarn [ˡka·darn]

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cäth [kɛ:θ, ka:θ] (nf) cat. Standard Welsh: cath [ka:θ]
PLURAL: (Gwentian) catha [ˡka·θa] cats. Standard Welsh: cathod [ˡka·θɔd]

Gwentian has the plural suffix “-AU” instead of “-OD”.
cathau [ˡka·θai̯] > cathe [ˡka·θɛ] > (Gwentian) catha [ˡka·θa]
fel cäth Jenni Shâms a’i phawan ym mopath ond yr un sydd isha iddo fod be interfering in everything and not attending to one’s own business (“like Jenny James’ cat with its paw in everything except the one that it needs to be”) (adapted from Y Darian 28 Chwefror 1889)

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catha [ˡka·θa] (pl) cats. See cath [ka:θ]

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catsh [ka·tarn] (adj) catch. Standard Welsh: person regarded worth haing a relationship with, as a desirable husband or wife) ̄(= gaffeiliad [kaˡfəɪljad])
dicyn o gatsh fydd-i she’ll be a bit of a catch

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catw [ˡka·tʊ] (v) keep. Standard Welsh: cadwr [ˡka·dʊ]
paid nghadw-i orwth yºº-ngwaith don’t keep me from my work (i.e. let me get back to my work)

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Catws [ˡkatʊs] (nf) Fond form of the name Catrin (= English Catherine).

(The Moses Family Website moses-family-llanwynno [].com/evan-iii-and-hendre-rhys-farm-1797-1881/ states that Evan Moses married Catherine “Catws” Miles in 1830, but states (quite errononeously) that “Incidentally Catherine’s nickname “Catws” was an amalgamation of her Christian name and the Welsh word for potato – “tatws”; hopefully a reference to the family’s staple diet rather than her physical appearance!”

It is ‘CAT’ and the diminutive suffix -WS, found in other forenames, both male and female – e.g. Pecws / Pegws (equivalent to English Peggy), Iantws (equivalent to English Johnnie).

‘CAT’ is in fact from Middle English ‘CATT’, a short form of Catherine (pronounced with a”t” [ˡkatərɪn], later with the spelling pronunciation in modern English with “th” [ˡka θ ərɪn])

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cawr [kau̯r] (nm) giant. Standard Welsh: cawr [kau̯r]
PLURAL: cewri [ˈkɛu̯ri] giants. Standard Welsh: cewri [ˈkɛu̯ri]

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cefan [ˡke·van] (nm) back. Standard Welsh: cefn [ˡke·vɛn]
PLURAL: cefna (pl) [ˡkɛvna] backs. Standard Welsh: cefnau [ˡkɛvnaɪ, nɛ]
Also cefna > cenfa (metathesis [vn] > [nv]

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Y Cefan [ə ˡke·van] (nm) short form for place names with ‘cefan’ as the first element. Standard Welsh: Y Cefn [ə ˡke·vɛn]
1/ Cefncoedycymer

ar y Cefan in Cefncoedycymer (Y Goleuad 16-01-1901)

2/ Cefncribwr (Gwentian: Cefancripwr [ˡke·van ˡkri·pʊr]

Y Cefan-coch [ə ˡke·van ˡko: x] (nm) place name in Mynyddislwyn (the red back / ridge). Standard Welsh: Y Cefn-coch [ə ˡke·vɛn ˡko: x]


(delwedd 5954)

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Cefancripwr [ˡke·van ˡkri·pʊr] (nm) village name; this former mining village is about a mile in length along the top of a ridge. Standard Welsh: Cefncribwr [ˡke·vɛn ˡkri·bʊr]
byw ar Gefancripwr ma-fa he lives in Cefncribwr (Tarian y Gweithiwr 10 Medi 1896: byw ar Gefan Cripwr)
Y Cefan short name for the village

The name as it stands today suggests that the underlying form is 'cefn y cribwr' i.e. '(the) hill (of) the woolcomber'.

In place names the 'linking definite article' (y) is often dropped, hence 'cefn cribwr'.

However, earlier forms have 'cribor' (1) which suggests that the second element is some derivative form of 'crib', meaning 'ridge'.

A popular interpretation of the name in the past was that it was 'Cefn Cribwr' '(the) ridge (of) Cribwr', Cribwr being the name of a giant. (2)

In the nineteenth-century the name was misspelt with a double 'b' in English (Cefn Cribbwr), as a single 'b' to English-speakers suggests that the first syllable should be pronounced as the English word 'cry'.

The correct Welsh spelling for the ridge itself is Cefn Cribwr, and for the village Cefncribwr. This is a useful spelling convention that has evolved in modern Welsh and was set out in “Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd: Gazetteer of Welsh Place-names” Elwyn Davies ̄(Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, 1967).... (3)

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ceffyl [ˡke·fɪl] (nm) horse. Standard Welsh: ceffyl [ˡke·fɪl]
PLURAL: (Gwentian) ceffyla [kɛˡfəla] (pl) horses. Standard Welsh: ceffylau [kɛˡfəlaɪ]
Also: cyffyla [kəˡfəla]

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(Standard Welsh) Cefn Cribwr / Cefncribwr [ˡke·vɛn ˡkri·bʊr]
The Gwentian name (i.e. the name in south-eastern Welsh, or the regional variety of Welsh spoken in Monmouthshire and Glamorganshire) was Cefan Cripwr / Cefancripwr [ke·van kri·pur] (qv)

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cefnocath [kɛvˡno·kaθ] (nf) support, backing. Standard Welsh: cefnogaeth [kɛvˈno·gaɪθ, kɛvˈno·gɛθ]
CEFNOGAETH > CEFNOGETH > CEFNOCETH > CEFNOCATH

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ceibir [ˡkəɪbɪr] (v) roof beam. Standard Welsh: ceibr [ˡkəɪbɪr]
#ceibra [ˡkəɪbra] (pl). Standard Welsh: ceibrau [ˡkəɪbraɪ]
The word is seen in the village name Penrwceibir. Standard Welsh: Pen-rhiw’r-ceibr / Pen-rhiw-ceibr.

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ceisho [ˡkəɪʃɔ] (v) try. Standard Welsh: ceisio [ˡkəɪʃɔ, ˡkəɪsjɔ]
Also cisho [ˡki·ʃɔ]

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celwdd [ˡkɛlʊð] (nm) lie, untruth. Standard Welsh: celwydd [ˈkɛlwɪð], originally [ˈkɛlʊi̯ð]
a ’eb weud gair o gelwdd without a word of a lie (“and without saying a word of a lie”) (Y Darian. 10 Gorffennaf 1919. Llith y Tramp: “ac heb weid gair o gelwdd” )

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cemist [ˡkɛmɪst] (nm) chemist. Standard Welsh: fferyllydd [fɛˡrəɬɪð], cemist [ˡkɛmɪst]
cemists [ˡkɛmɪsts] (pl) chemists. Standard Welsh: fferyllwyr [fɛˡrəɬwɪr], cemist [kɛˡmɪstjaɪd]

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cen- [kɛn] (-) a reduction of cefn (= back, hill) as a first element in certain in place names. See Cen-don.
(cen- is also the first - but unrelated - element in cefnder = cousin. See cendar.)

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cendar [ˡkɛndar] (nm) (male) cousin. Standard Welsh: cefnder [ˡkɛvndɛr]
CEFNDER > (loss of [v] > Gwentian CENDER > CENDAR

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cenddi [ˡkɛnðɪ] (pl) foxes. See canddo.

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Cendon [ˡkɛndɔn] (nm) place name. Standard Welsh: Cefndon [ˡkɛvndɔn]
(CEFN = ridge) + soft mutation + (TON = greensward, grassland) ‘ridge greensward, greensward on a ridge’


(delwedd 5951)

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(Gwentian) cenedleuthol, cenedluthol [kɛnɛdˈlei̯θɔl, kɛnɛdˈlei·θɔl] (adj) national. Standard Welsh: cenedlaethol [kɛnɛdˈlei̯θɔl]
(Alternatively, cenedleithol, cenedlithol).
Ar ddwarnod cyoeddi'r Steddfod Genedluthol on the day of the proclamation of the National Eisteddfod (Y Darian. 10 Gorffennaf 1919. Llith y Tramp: “ar ddwarnod cyhoeddi'r Steddfod Genedlithol”)
…..
cèra [ˡkɛra] (v) go (second person singular imperative). Standard Welsh: cer [kɛr]
cèra draw i’r shop go down to the shop, go up to the shop, go out to the shop

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cèrad [ˡkɛrad] (v) walk. Standard Welsh: cerdded [ˡkɛrðɛd]
NOTE: The basic southern spoken form of cerdded is cèred (loss of dd) and this is the usual form in south-west Wales. In the south east, final e > a, hence cèred > cèrad


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cesyg [ˡkɛsɪg] (pl) mares. See (Gwentian) casag [ˡkasag] mare

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cetyn [ˡkɛtɪn] (nm) 1/ fragment 2/ short while. Standard Welsh: tipyn [ˡtɪpɪn]
o getyn o ffordd not by a long chalk
nìd felny mān-nw’n gneud o getyn o ffordd
fe-fydd i%%sha iwso cetyn o sens it’ll be necessary to use a bit of (common) sense
ma%%-fa'n ddy^n â chetyn o oetran arno-fa'n awr he’s a man who’s a fair old age by now (“with a bit (of) (an) age on him”) (Y Darian. 1 Mai 1919. Llith y Tramp. “ma fa'n ddyn a cretyn [sic; = chetyn] o oetran arno fe'n awr”)
ÿs cetyn 1/ a while ago; 2/ for a while

(CAT = fragment) + (-YN diminutive suffix) > *CATYN > CETYN (vowel affection A > E)

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ceuad, cuad [ˡkəiad, ˡki·ad] (v) to close, to shut. Standard Welsh: cau [kai̯], caeed [ˡkəi̯ɛd]
cä dy ben! Shut your mouth! (PEN = head; mouth)
yngä [əˡŋɛ:] (adv) closed (= Standard Welsh ynghau [əˡŋhaɪ], ar gau [ar ˡgaɪ])
mā gwy^r y capeli am u-catw-nw yngä the chapel people want to keep them closed
(Y Darian. 18 Mai 1916. Hen Bartnar Dai. “ma gwyr y capeli am i catw nw ynge”)

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chà [xa] (v) bring. Standard Welsh: dewch â [deux ˡa: ]
DEWCH Â > DEWCHA > (loss of the first pretonic syllable in a phrase e.g. DEWCHA’R BARA... = CHÀ’R BARA)
Noted by T. Arwyn Watkins, The Accent in Cwm Tawe Welsh

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’chytig [ˡxətɪg] (nm) a little bit; very few people. Standard Welsh: ychydig [əˡxədɪg]
’chytig iawn o%%dd ar y cei very few people were on the quay
YCHYDIG > Gwentian YCHYTIG > (loss of pre-tonic syllable) CHYTIG


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ci [ki: ] (nm) dog. Standard Welsh: ci [ki: ]
cŵn [ku: n]. Standard Welsh: cŵn [ku: n]

ci sodlo (“dog (of) following hard on the heels”), underling
Mā-fa'n folon bod yn gi sodlo i bawb He is willing to be an underling to everybody.
Adapted from: Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd. “Ci Sodlo - An underling. “Mae e'n folon bod yn gi sodlo i bawb."

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ciad [ˡki·ad] (v) close > ceuad [ˡkəiad]

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cilo [ˡki·lɔ] (v) retreat. Standard Welsh: cilio [ˡkɪljɔ]
Mā’r glaw weti cilo the rain’s moved off

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cisho [ˡki·ʃɔ] (v) try. See ceisho [ˡkəɪʃɔ]

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citsho [ˡkɪʧɔ] (v) get hold of. Standard Welsh: cydio [ˡkədjɔ]
i-gitshas-i yn y ffon I got hold of the stick

citsha yn i-law-***i! hold her hand! (“get hold of her hand”) (Y Darian. 18 Medi 1919. “Citchwch yn ei llaw hi”)



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ciwad [ˡki·wad] (nf) rabble, mob, scum, lowlifes. Standard Welsh: ciwed [ˡki·wɛd]
Welsh < British < Latin CĪVITĀS (= citizenship; citizenry, community; Celtic tribe or subkingdom under Roman rule in Gaul and Britain)

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ciwt [kiut] (adj) cunning. Standard Welsh: cyfrwys [ˡkəvruɪs]
mā gwy^r y cwils mor giwt â’r gaffars bob tamad (11-06-1899 Tarian y Gweithiwr) The lawyers are every bit as cunning as the employers
English CUTE < ACUTE

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(Standard Welsh) ciw [kiu] (nm) queue. PLURAL ciwiau. See Standard Welsh: cynffon [ˡkənfɔn] (nf), PLURAL: cynffonau [kənˡfoˑnaɪ, -ɛ]

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clädd [klɛ:ð, kla:ð] (nm) hole in the ground, pit, trench: interment, burial; potato clamp. Standard Welsh: cladd [kla:ð]
dan glädd (adv) buried
clädd pytatws potato clamp

See also angladd (= burial, funeral).

Cf a similar concept in English: “Upton on Severn Words and Phrases.” Robert Lawson. English Dialect Society. 1884.
“BURY. n. A storage of roots covered with earth. Pronounced as berry. (Worcestershire)”

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claddu [ˡkla·ðɪ] (v) bury. Standard Welsh: claddu [ˡkla·ðɪ]

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clap [klap] (nm) gossip, tittle-tattle. Standard Welsh: straeon [ˡstrəɪɔn], clecs [klɛks]
’ên glap dwl stupid gossip, foolish gossipings

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clapo [ˡklapɔ] (v) clap, applaud. Standard Welsh: curo dwylo [ˡki·rɔ ˡduilɔ]
clapo mawr great applause
From English CLAP (CLAP) + (-IO verbal suffix) > CLAPIO > CLAPO

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clarc [klark] (nm) clerk. Standard Welsh: clerc [klɛrk]
From English CLERK [klark]. Standard Welsh retains an earlier English prounciation [klɛrk], before the change in Middle English <er> to <ar>

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clàs [klas] (nm) 1/ class = lesson 2/ class = group of people. Standard Welsh: dosbarth [ˡdɔsbarθ]

(Original spelling retained) Wàth fe all y beirdds shiffto ’eb docins yn well na dim un clàs arall, wàth mān-nw’n byw y rhan fwya o'u amsar ym myd yr ysbrytodd, lle nàg yw bara chaws ddim yn y ffashwn, a mān-nw’n gallu byw yn ’ên, ’ên, ar sgili Ceridwen; (Tarian y Gweithiwr. 27 Gorffennaf 1899. (Original spelling;) Wath fe all y beirdds shiffto heb docins yn well na dim un class arall, wath ma nhw yn byw y rhan fwya o'u hamsar yn myd yr ysbrydoedd, lle nag yw bara chaws ddim yn y ffashwn, a ma nhw yn gallu byw yn hen, hen, ar scili Ceridwen;

Because the poets can get by / can manage without money better than any other class [of people], because they live most of their time in the world of spirits, where bread and cheese is not in fashion, and they can live to be very old (to be old, old) on Ceridwen’s skilly ( = bread and water)

From English CLASS

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clasgu [ˡklasgɪ] (v) collect. Standard Welsh: casglu [ˡkasglɪ]
Metathesised form of CASGLU.
See kimkat0926e Nodweddion y Wenhwyseg / Features of Gwentian.

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clatshan [ˡklaʧan] (nf) 1/ blow. Standard Welsh: ergyd [ˡɛrgɪd] 2/ attractive female, stunner. Standard Welsh: merch aruthrol o hardd [ˡmɛrx aˡrɪθrɔl o: ˡharð]
clatshiz [klaʧɪz] (pl). Standard Welsh: ergydion [ɛrgədˡjɔn]

From English dialect CLATCH = a slap. Cf A Scots Dialect Dictionary, Comprising The Words In Use From The Latter Part Of The Seventeenth Century To The Present Day. Alexander Warrack, M.A. 1911. Clatch...a slap with the palm of the hand; the noise of the collision of soft bodies or of a heavy fall.

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clawd [klaud] (adj) poor. Standard Welsh: tlawd [tlaud]
Clawd a balch a byw mwn gopath = poor and pround and living in hope
(an answer to the question Shẁd y^-chi? = How are you?)

Cf 1/ the village nickname for Pons-an-woedh (Ponsanooth) in Cornwall: “Poor and Proud.”
2/ Said also to refer formerly to the inhabitants of County Laois in Ireland - “the poor and pround”.
3/ Also said of the village of Harborne in Staffordshire: “Hungry Harborne, poor and proud.”

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clean breast [kli: n ˡbrɛst] (-) (Englishism)
neud clean breast o make a clean breast of ( = confess everything you are guilty of)

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clec [klɛk] (nf)
1/ sharp sound, a cracking noise, a snapping noise. Standard Welsh: clec [klɛk];
2/ tittle-tattle, gossip, tales, chat. Standard Welsh: gwag-siarad [gwa: g ˡʃa·rad]
3/ gossipmonger, gossip ( = person engaging in gossip). Standard Welsh: clapgi [ˡklapgɪ] (nm), clapgast /clapiast [ˡklapgast, ˡklapjast] (nf)); and many synonyms of this meaning “a gossip”.
clecs [klɛks] (pl) tales. Standard Welsh: straeon [ˡstrəɪɔn]
pen y glec [pɛn ə ˡglɛk] "top (of) the chat" – a place (bridge, street corner, etc) where people come together to chat after work or after a chapel service (Source: GPC)
cario clecs tell tales (‘carry gossip’)

From English CLACK ( = a sharp sound; chatter). ̄(Southern English “a” probably heard as being an “e”).

NOTES: The West Somerset Word-Book; A Glossary Of Dialectal And Archaic Words And Phrases Used In The West Of Somerset And East Devon / Frederick Thomas Elworthy / 1886. “Clack = Chatter. [Oa·l dhee tlaa·k, wút] Stop thy chatter, wilt!”
(= Hold thy clack, wilt [thou]!)


(delwedd 5771)

CLACK. — A woman who is always chattering. A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialect Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’)

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clecian [ˡklɛkjan] (v) gossip. Standard Welsh: clepian [ˡklɛpjan]

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clecog [ˡklɛkɔg] (adj) gossiping. Standard Welsh: clecog [ˡklɛkɔg]
benywod clecog gossiping women

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clɛdd [klɛ:ð] (nm) hole in the ground, pit, trench: interment, burial; potato clamp. See cladd [kla:ð]

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clefyd [ˡkle·vɪd] (nm) illness, sickness. Standard Welsh: clefyd [ˡkle·vɪd]
clefyta [klɛˡvəta] (pl). Standard Welsh: clefydau [klɛˡvədaɪ]

CLEFYDAU > CLEFYDE > CLEFYTE > CLEFYTA

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clepar [ˡkle·par] (nm) talk, gossip; jabbering. Standard Welsh: mân-siarad [ˡma: n ˡʃa·rad], clebr [ˡkle·bɛr]
pwnc clepar a talking point, a subject of discussion
rẁ glepar di-ben-draw constant gossip (‘some interminable gossip’)
Taw â dy glepar! Shut up! (be-silent / with / your / jabbering). From the verb tewi = become silent; to silence; be silent.

From English GLEBBER (> Welsh CLEBER > Gwentian CLEPER > CLEPAR)).

The word occurs in modern Lowlandic or Scots. A Dictionary of the Scottish Language. John Jamieson. 1846. To glabber, glebber. To speak indistinctly 2 To chatter, to talk idly. Roxb[urghshire], Dumfr[iesshire].

Initial English G > Welsh C occurs in other loanwords – e.g.
1/ “cwter” (street gutter), though ‘gwter’ also occurs;
2/ in North-west Wales, in some districts Gwilym ( = William) might become “Cwilym”.

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Clitach [ˡkli·tax] (nf). Village name (standard Welsh: Clydach). See Clytach

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cloc [klɔk] (nm) clock. Standard Welsh: cloc [klɔk]
Plural: cloca [ˡklɔka] Standard Welsh: SW: cloc [ˡklɔkjaɪ, -jɛ]

Ma%%-fa’a tyngu ’eno nad o%%s neb yn yr ’ewl ’yn weti symud i-cloca mlän
He’s swearing tonight that no-one in this street has put his clock forward
(Y Darian. 1 Mehefin 1916.). Mae a yn tyngu heno nad os neb yn yr hewl hyn wedi symud i cloca mlan.


Cloc Tredecar the Tredegar clock (“(the) clock (of) Tredegar”)
Also: Cloc Mawr Tredecar the Tredegar clock (“(the) big clock (of) Tredegar”)

(Adapted from Wikipedia 13-09-2020:
“One of Tredegar's main attributes is the Town Clock, dominating the southern part of the town centre. The clock was made by J. B. Joyce & Co of Whitchurch, Shropshire and was the idea of Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Davies (born 1825), the wife of the R. P. (Richard Powell) Davies, the manager of Tredegar Ironworks, who had decided that she wanted to present the town with a "lofty illuminated clock” to be situated in the Market Square, now “The Circle”) (junction of Market Street, Castell Street, Iron Street, and Morgan Street) (these would be, translated into Welsh, Sgwâr y Farchnad, Y Cylch, Heol y Farchnad, Heol y Castell, Heol Haearn and Heol Morgan) (and in Gwentian Welsh, Sgwär y Farchnad, Y Cylch, ’Ewl y Farchnad, ’Ewl y Castall, ’Ewl yr ’Arn, and ’Ewl Morgan).

It was erected in 1858, one year after Mrs. Davies’s death.

An occasional column of news about Tredegar in the newspaper Tarian y Gweithiwr was named “O Ben 'Clock Mawr' Tredegar” (from the top of Tredegar Clock’) e.g. 2 May 1879



(delwedd J4974)

Welsh CLOC < English CLOCK

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cloch [klo: x] (nf) bell. Standard Welsh: cloch [klo: x]
#clycha [ˡkləxa] (pl). Standard Welsh: clychau [ˡkləxaɪ, -xɛ]

Mā cloch dan bob dant iddi she has a very loud voice (“there’s a bell under every tooth of hers”). See GPC, “cloch”.

codi cloch, #cwnnu cloch raise one’s voice in anger (“raise (a) bell”)
(western Gwentian) chodes-i ddim o ngloch nà dim wrtho-fe I didn’t raise my voice or anything with him (Papur Pawb. Priodi’r Plant. 19-02-1898) (“I-didn’t-lift + I + anything + of + my-bell + nor + anything + to-him + he”)

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clofersan [klɔˡvɛrsan] (nf) clover, a clover plant. Standard Welsh: meillionen [məɪɬˡjo·nɛn]
clofars [ˡklo·vars] (pl) clover, clover plants. Standard Welsh: meillion [ˡməɪɬjɔn]
bod yn yººch-clofars be in clover = be in comfort or luxury (‘be in your clovers’)
From English CLOVERS (+ singulative suffix -EN): clofersen > clofersan

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clòs [klɔs] (adj) close, near. Standard Welsh: agos [ˡa·gɔs]
yn glòs idd i-giddyl close to each other

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clowt [klout] (nm) clout, blow, smack. Standard Welsh: ergyd [ˡɛrgɪd]
clowts [klouts] (pl). Standard Welsh: ergydion [ˡɛrgətdjɔn]
roi cwpwl o glowts i... give a couple of clouts to...

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clust [klɪst] (nm) ear. Standard Welsh: clust [klɪst]
clusta [ˡklɪsta] (pl). Standard Welsh: clustiau [ˡklɪstjaɪ]

y clust the ear
A feminine noun in North Wales and in standard Welsh (y glust = the ear).

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clwad [ˡklu·ad] (v) hear. Standard Welsh: clywed [ˡkləwɛd]
chlwas-i ddim am... I heard nothing about.. I didn’t hear about.

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clwc [klʊk] (nm) cluck, sound of a hen when brooding. Standard Welsh: clwc [klʊk]
PLURAL: clwciadau [klʊkˡja·dai̯, -dɛ] clucks. Gwentian: ??clwciata (assumed form)
clwciadau > clwciade > clwciada > clwciata [klʊkˡja·ta]
giâr clwc broody hen
ishta giâr glwc yn īshta ar nythid o wia like a broody hen sitting on a nestful of eggs (= fussily making oneself comfortable when sitting down)
(Adapted from: Fel iar glwc yn eistedd ar nythaid o wyau. Tarian y Gweithiwr 25-10-1894).

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clwtyn [ˡklʊtɪn] (nm) cloth. Standard Welsh: cadach [ˡka·dax], clwtyn [ˡklʊtɪn]
#clwta [ˡklʊta] (assumed form) (pl). Standard Welsh: cadachau [kaˡdaxa], clytiau [ˡklətjaɪ]
clwtyn parth dishcloth

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(Standard Welsh) Clydach [ˡklətax] (nf). Village name. See Gwentian Clytach

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Clytach [ˡklətax] (nf) village name, Rhondda. Standard Welsh: Clydach [ˡklədax]
Also Clitach [ˡklɪtax]
yng ngwīlod Clytach at the lower end of Clydach (“in the bottom of”)
Cwm Clytach the Clydach valley
Cwmclytach Cwmclydach (English: Clydach Vale)

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cnac [knak] (nm) trick. Standard Welsh: cast [kast], tric [trik]
cnacs [knaks] (pl) 1 tricks. Standard Welsh: castiau [ˡkastjaɪ], clytiau [ˡtrikjaɪ]
2 ?rigmarole, incoherent talk

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(Gwentian) cnau [knaɪ] (v) to clean. Standard Welsh: glanháu [glanˡhaɪ]
Also clau. Cf North Wales llnau, nhau.

Tsharli Cnau Lavz (nickname) Charlie (of the) cleaning of toilets, Charlie who cleans toilets
‘Charlie C’nau Lavs’ Llysenwau Pontardawe a'r Cylch ( = nicknames of Pontardawe and the neighbouring area) http: //freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cwmgors/Llysenwauponty.html
ORIGIN: Variant of GLANHÁU ( = to clean).

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cnel [knɛl] (nm) canal. Standard Welsh: camlas [ˡkamlas]
A reduction of Welsh CANÉL, from Middle English CANÉL ( = channel), from a French form with initial c- CANÉL (Francien, the dialect which is the basis of standard French, has initial ch- [ʧ] where other dialects have initial c-; thus English has CHANNÉL from Francien, whence Welsh SIANEL); ultimately from Latin CANÂLIS (= pipe, groove).
ar bont y cnel on the canal bridge

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cnithdar [ˡknɪθdar] (nf) (female) cousin. Standard Welsh: cyfnither [kəvˡni·θɛr]
(the ‘d’ is intrusive = cnithar influenced by the final syllable of cendar (male cousin))
Twm Gŵr i Gnithdar ( = nickname for a man who married his cousin) (Tarian y Gweithiwr 23-06-1876: Twm Gwr ei Gnithder, Y Graigarw, Ystalyfera)
CYFNITHER > CYNITHER (loss of [v] > CNITHER (loss of first syllable) > Gwentian CNITHDER (intrusive [d], the influence of the final syllable of cender / cendar (male cousin)) > CNITHDAR

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cnou [knɔɪ] (mass noun) nuts, hazel nuts;. Standard Welsh: cnau [knaɪ]. See Gwentian cnouan

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cnouan [ˡknɔɪan] (nf) nut, hazel nut;. Standard Welsh: cneuan [ˡknəɪan]
cnou [knɔɪ] (pl) nuts, hazel nuts. Standard Welsh: cnau [knaɪ]

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cochi [ˡko·xɪ] (v) redden, turn red. Standard Welsh: cochi [ˡko·xɪ]

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cōd [ko: d] (nm) wood (group of trees). Woodland. Standard Welsh: coed [kɔɪd].
coed > (General Southern, including Gwentian) cōd [ko: d].
PLURAL: (Gwentian) coedydd [ˡkɔɪdɪð] woods. Standard Welsh: coedydd [ˡkɔɪdɪð]
yn y cōd in the wood

Common in place names in the south.
Pen-cōd, a village by Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr Standard Welsh: Pen-coed.
In the south, oe [ɔɪ] in a monosyllable becomes a long vowel o [o: ].
(From pen y coed, the end of / the edge of / the place above / the place below the wood or forest).

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Cōdygoras, Cōdgoras [ko: d ə ˡgo·ras, ko: d ˡgo·ras]. Standard Welsh: Coedygores [ˡkɔɪd ə ˡgo·rɛs]
Standard Welsh: the wood itself is Coed y Gores, and the farm Coedygores

A farm and now a housing estate (and name of a street) in Llanedern, Caer-dydd, on the land of the former farm.
A High Sheriff of Glamorgan in the 1700s was William Morgan of Coedygores (1722).
The present name in Llanedern is in standard Welsh but misspelt as “Coed-y-Gores” instead of “Coedygores”.

The local form has “goras” (in Gwentian a final syllable “e” becomes “a”. In place names with a linking “y” (the definite article), this “y” is often omitted. The first element “coed” is “cōd” in southern Welsh. The element goras [ˡgo·ras] (nm) is found in place names; = unenclosed land, waste land. Standard Welsh: gores [ˡgo·rɛs]

ORIGIN: (COED = wood) + (Y = definite article) + (GORES = unenclosed land, waste land) “(the) wood (by) the wasteland” ) possibly a landscape similar to this photo near Ranskill in Lincolnshire, England)

https: //commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Across_the_wasteland_to_the_wood_-_geograph.org.uk_-_560572.jpg

Standard Welsh GORES [ˡgo·rɛs], possibly the same word as GORES (= dwelling; land), which is cognate with Old Irish FORUS. (= basis, foundation; resting place, dwelling) and modern Irish FORAS (= basis; institution)

1776: mentioned in the text below both as Coed y Goras and Cod y Goras

“Blanch Williams of Coed y Goras, spinster, daughter of John Williams of Coed y Goras, gent., and only child and heir at law of Elizabeth Williams, deceased (late wife of the said John Williams, formerly Elizabeth Morgan, spinster,… All that capital messuage or mansion house called Cod y Goras situated in par. Llanedeyrn, co. Glam… 29 May 1776 (The Rickards Family of Usk Priory – Records. Gwent Archives)

1848: Coedgoras (the linking definite article “y” is often omitted in place names)



(delwedd G3825)

1888: Coedygoras ̄



(delwedd G3823)

1909: Coed-y-Goras



(delwedd G3824)

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Cōd-y-lai [ko: d ə ˡlaɪ] (nm) farm name; Englished as Coedely. Standard Welsh: Coedelái [kɔɪdɛˡlaɪ]
(“at Coed-y-Lai farm..”. Cadrawd, Cardiff Times, 22-08-1908).

The name Coedelái (coed + Elái) has been misunderstood by Welsh-speakers as (coed + y + Lai).
…..

coeca [ˡkɔɪka] (nm) hilltop sheepwalk. Standard Welsh: coetgae [ˡkɔɪtgaɪ]; spelt erroneously in place names (maps, street signs, etc) as Coedcae, or even transformed into Coed Cae, as if “coed y cae” the field of the wood).

Also cotga [ˡkɔtga]
Welsh COETGAE = field < land enclosed with wood or bushes < enclosure made with wood or bushes < hedgerow
(COED = wood) + (soft mutation C > G) + (CAE = field) > COEDGAE > COETGAE

PLACE NAMES:

Y Coeca [ə ˡkɔɪka] (nm). Standard Welsh: Y Coetgae [ə ˡkɔɪtgaɪ]

1/ As a field name in Llanddew, Brycheiniog: Coetca Cenol; Cotca

2/ “Coedcae” – name of a housing estate in Nant-y-glo (locally ??Coeca) i.e. Y Coeca (Gwentian) / Y Coetgae (correct standard Welsh spelling)

3/ “Coedcae” street name in Tir-phil, Tredegar Newydd / New Tredegar.

In the example below, the local pronunciation [ˡkɔɪka] “coeca” is reproduced in the English spelling of the name (coyca) [ˡkɔɪka]



(delwedd 5704)

1/ Pencoeca
2/ #Danycoeca (standard Welsh Danycoetgae; spelt erroneously locally as Dan y Coedcae) name of a road in Pont-y-pridd. Standard Welsh: dan y coetgae; (farm) below the upland grazing)
3/ ‘Coedcae Court’, a street in Twynyrodyn, Merthyrtudful, is mentioned thus in ‘The Commercial Gazette’ for June 22, 1876: “Williams William, 18 Coika-court, Twynyrodyn...”

The street name seems to represent an original Coeca-cwrt, Coeca’r-cwrt (the upland belonging to the farm called Y Cwrt).




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cof [ko: v] (nm) memory. Gwentian cof [ko: v]

PLURAL: cofion [ˡkɔvjɔn]. Gwentian: cofion [ˡkɔvjɔn]

Cofion fyrdd atoch Every best wish to you


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cofio [ˡkɔvjɔ] (v) remember. Standard Welsh: cofio [ˡkɔvjɔ]
cofia-di (imperative) remember, you must remember. Standard Welsh: cofia di)
mi gofia-i am ÿch promis-chi I’ll remember your promise

(Standard Welsh) coetgae [ˡkɔɪtgaɪ]. See Gwentian coeca [ˡkɔɪka].


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coino [ˡkɔɪnɔ] (v) to coin. Standard Welsh: bathu [ˡba·θɪ]
coino arian (‘coin money’) to make a mint, to make a lot of money, to coin it

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colad [ˡkɔlad] (nm) armful. Standard Welsh: coflaid [ˡkɔvlaɪd] (= embrace; armful)
PLURAL: coleti [kɔˡle·tɪ]. Also coeleti [kɪɔˡle·tɪ]. Standard Welsh: cofleidiau [kɔvˡleɪdjaɪ]

Aberdare Leader. 9 Mai 1914. Clywedion Dyffryn Dar “cario'r coeleti o stwff crysa” carrying the armfuls of shirt material, material for shirts

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colecshwn [kɔˡlɛkʃʊn] (nm) collection. Standard Welsh: casgliad [ˡkasgljad]
colecshwnz [kɔˡlɛkʃʊn z] (pl). Standard Welsh: casgliadau [kasgˡlja·daɪ, -dɛ]

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colli [ˡkɔɬɪ] (v)
1/ lose. Standard Welsh: colli [ˡkɔɬɪ]
2/ hang, execute. Standard Welsh: crogi [ˡkro·gɪ]
Cäs i-golli He was hanged

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collad [ˡkɔɬad] (nf) 1/ loss. Standard Welsh: colled [ˡkɔɬɛd] 2/ madness, insanity. Standard Welsh: gwallgofrwydd [gwaɬˡgɔvrʊið]
wyrthin fel sa collad arno laugh as though he was mad (‘as if there was a madness on him’)
hala / ala collad ar infuriate (‘send madness on’)

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consylteishwn [kɔnsəlˡtəɪʃʊn] (nm) consultation. Standard Welsh: ymgynghoriad [əmgəŋˡhɔrjad]
consylteishwnz [kɔnsəlˡtəɪʃʊnz] (pl). Standard Welsh: ymgynghoriadau [əmgəŋhɔrˡja·daɪ, -dɛ]

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copa [ˡkɔpa] (nf) 1/ top 2/ head. Standard Welsh: pen [pɛn]
pob copa walltog a diwallt everybody ( = every head with hair and without hair)

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copor [ˡkɔpɔr] (nm) copper. Standard Welsh: copr [ˡkɔpɔr]
gwaith copor copper works
From English COPPER

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copri [ˡkɔprɪ] (v) become cloudy, get cloudy, become overcast, get overcast, become dull, get dull. Standard Welsh: cymylu [kəˡməlɪ]
(COPOR = copper) + (-I verbal suffix)
Cf A tawny or coppery sky foretells wind. (Manual Of Navigation / Robert Assheton Napier, Lieut. R.N.R. / 1877.)

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corad [ˡko·rad] (nf) weir. Standard Welsh: cored [ˡko·rɛd]
Y Gorad-ddu Blackweir, Caer-dydd / Cardiff

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cornal [ˡkɔrnal] (nm) corner. Standard Welsh: cornel [ˡkɔrnɛl]
corneli [kɔrˡne·lɪ] (pl). Standard Welsh: corneli [kɔrˡne·lɪ]
ym mob twll a chornal in every nook and cranny, everywhere (‘in every hole and corner’)

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cornwd [ˡkɔrnʊd] (nm) boil. Standard Welsh: cornwyd [ˡkɔrnʊɪd]
#cornwdydd? = cornwydydd [kɔrˡnʊɪdɪð]

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corryn [ˡkɔrɪn] (nm) spider. Standard Welsh: pryf cop [ˡpri:v ˡkɔp]
weti llyncu corryn be pregnant (‘[be] after swallowing (a) spider’)

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cōs [ko: s] (nm) leg. Standard Welsh: coes [kɔɪs]
Plural: coesa [ˡkɔɪsa] legs. Standard Welsh: coesau [ˡkɔɪsaɪ]

tynnu dy-go%%s ̄pull your leg

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cosach [ˡkɔsax] (v) scratch. Standard Welsh: crafu [ˡkra·vɪ]
“Cosach - To scratch. Gosach i giddyl - Said of two persons who flatter each other.” Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October 1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.

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cot [kɔt] (nf) coat. Standard Welsh: côt [ko: t]
cota [ˡkɔta] (pl). Standard Welsh: cotiau [ˡkɔtjaɪ]
cot gwt fain tail coat

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cou [kɔɪ] (adj) hollow (in place names). Standard Welsh: cau [kaɪ]
Ynys-gou [ˡənɪs ˡgɔɪ] (Nantgarw) ( = hollow water meadow). Standard Welsh: Ynys-gau [ˡənɪs ˡgaɪ]

Also (in the rest of South Wales):

Dôl-gou [do:l ˡgɔɪ] (in the Tywi valley, Bethlehem, Sir Gaerfyrddin / Carmarthenshire) ( = hollow water meadow) Dôl-gau [ˡdo:l ˡgaɪ]

Waun-gou [ˡwaɪn ˡgɔɪ] (Allt-mawr, Sir Frycheiniog / Breconshire) (“hollow meadow”). Standard Welsh: Waun-gau [ˡwaɪn ˡgaɪ]


(delwedd J7473)
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coward [ˡkɔward] (nm) coward. Standard Welsh: llwfrgi [ˡɬʊvrgɪ]
Y Darian 20-03-1919 O, Shoni, goward! (Oh, Johnnie! You coward!)

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cownsil [ˡkɔunsɪl] (nm) council = local authority. Standard Welsh: cyngor [ˡkəŋɔr]
A Cymricisation of the English word ‘council’.

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cownt [kɔunt] (nm)

1/ count. Standard Welsh: rhifiad [ˡhri·vjad]

2/ account, report. Standard Welsh: adroddiad [aˡdrɔðjad]
ac yn ôl pob cownt y^n-ni weti gäl according to all accounts we’ve had
From English COUNT

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cownto [ˡkɔuntɔ] (v) count. Standard Welsh: rhifo [ˡhri·vɔ]

a chownto popath gyta’i-giddyl all in all (“counting everything together”)
English COUNT > (Welsh COWNT) + (-IO verbal suffix) > COWNTIO > Southern COWNTO

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cracan [ˡkra·gan] (nf) shell. Standard Welsh: cragen [ˡkra·gɛn]
PLURAL: cregyn [ˡkre·gɪn]. Gwentian: crecyn [ˡkre·kɪn] < cregyn [ˡkre·gɪn].
Gwentian: cracan [ˡkra·can] < cracen [ˡkra·cɛn] < cragen [ˡkra·gɛn] cracan gocs, crecyn cocs cockle shell, cockle shells

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crach [ˡkra·x] (pl) see crachan ( = scab)

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crachach [ˡkra·xax] (pl) petty gentry; said of people who are pompous, snooty, high-and-mighty, stuck-up. Standard Welsh: crachach [ˡkra·xax]
CRACH ( = scabs) + (-ACH = diminutive suffix; suggests contempt)

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crachan [ˡkra·xan] (pl) scab. Standard Welsh: crachen [ˡkra·xɛn]
PLURAL: cräch. Standard Welsh: crach [ˡkra: x]

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cramp [kramp] (nm) grip, hold, clutch. Standard Welsh: gafael [ˡga·vaɪl]
cäl cramp ar get hold of
English CRAMP = cramp iron, clamp, < Middle Low German or Middle Dutch. Cf German DIE KRAMPE = 1/ cramp iron (strip of metal with both ends bent at a right angle); clamp 2/ staple

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cratsh [kraʧ] (nm) manger crib (with fodder for cattle) (GPC: cratsh in Glamorgan, south-western cretsh). Standard Welsh: rhesel [ˡhrɛsɛl]
cratshyz [ˡkraʧɪz] (pl). Standard Welsh: rheseli [hrɛˡse·lɪ]
From English CRATCH = fodder rack

NOTE: (Herefordshire dialect) Cratch: farm rack or manger for hay
Hereford Times / 12 December 2015 / http: //www.herefordtimes.com/news/14140019.55_long_lost_Herefordshire_sayings_and_words/

Cratch: a rack for hay in a stable. A Glossary Of Provincial Words Used In Herefordshire And Some Of The Adjoining Counties. Sir George Cornewall Lewis. 1839.

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crefyddol [krɛˡvəðɔl] (adj) religious. Standard Welsh: crefyddol [krɛˡvəðɔl].
Also cryfyddol [krəˡvəðɔl]. See note 4.

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crecyn [ˡkre·kɪn] (nf pl) ̄shells. See cragen [ˡkra·gɛn] ( = shell).

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cretu [ˡkre·tɪ] (v) believe. Standard Welsh: credu [ˡkre·dɪ]
Also cetu [ˡke·tɪ] (loss of the “r”).
dw-i ddim yn cretu fod... I don’t believe that...
òs nàg ych-chi’n ’y-nghretu-i gofynnwch-chi i Mocyn if you don’t believe me ask Mocyn

os gallwch-chi gretu pob stori mā Risiard Huws yn we%%d (Y Darian. 09-09-1915) if you can believe every story (that) Rhisiard Huws/ Richard Hughes tells ( = os gellwch gredu pob stori y mae Rhisiard Huws yn eu ddweud)

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croci [ˡkro·kɪ] (v) hang. Standard Welsh: crogi [ˡkro·gɪ]
ma%% isha groci-fa he ought to be hanged, he deserves to be hanged ( = y mae eisiau ei grogi ef – “there is wanting of his hanging-(of)-him”)
paso sentans ar ddyn i gäl i-groci sentence a man to be hanged (“pass (a) sentence on (a) man to get his hanging”)

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cro%%s [kro: s] (nf) 1/ cross. Standard Welsh: croes [kroɪs] 2/ crossroads. Standard Welsh: croesffordd [ˡkroɪsfɔrð]
In Treforys the village crossroads is Y Cròs, i.e. a masculine noun and so without soft mutation; probably a borrowing from English “cross” rather than from Welsh “croes, cro%%s”. See below.

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cròs [krɔs] (nf) crossroads. Standard Welsh: croes [kroɪs]


(delwedd 5971)

2 Medi 1915. Y Darian. Trebannos a'r Cylch.
Mr. Gol., - Dyma fi yn trio fy llaw yr wthnos hyn eto, a chan fod Nansen yn newid aer, fe fentres inê speciwleto cinog a dime am ride fach yn y moto bus mor bell a Phontardawe. Odd yr hewl dipyn bach yn arw, a'r moto dipyn yn shigledig, nes odd yr hen eilode ma yn teimlo ychydig am fod y rhiwmatic yn eu blino. Wel cyrheiddwd y Cross yn saff, ac yn y fan hynny odd y bobis yn fishi iawn gyta ei keep movin oherwydd fod rhyw Em Pee ne Je Pee ne rwbeth weti achwin wth y Polis fod gormod yn sefill ar y Cros. Pob parch i'r rhai hynny; buont mor hyf a gofin i ble oent i'w danfon am odd opn spês na pharc ym Mhontardawe, ond yr ateb odd send them where you like but don't keep them in the Cross.

2 September 1915. Y Darian ( = the shield). Trebannos and Area.
Mr. Editor, Here I am trying my hand again this week again, and since Nansen (Ann) is having a change of air, I ventured to invest (‘speculate’) a penny halfpenny on a little ride on the motor bus as far off as Pontardawe. The road was a bit rough, and the bus was a bit shaky, until my old limbs begain to ache a bit because my rheumaism was affecting them. Wel, the Cròs was safely reached, and there the bobbies were very busy with their ‘keep moving’ because some MP or JP or something had complained that tow many people were standing at the Cròs. Every respect to them – they were daring enough to ask where they were to send them since there wasn’t an open space or park in Pontardawe, but the answer was to send them where you like but don’t keep them in the Cross.

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Cro%%s-pen-män [ˡkro: s pɛn ˡmɛ: n] (nf) name of village near Y Crymlyn / Crumlin. Standard Welsh: Croes-pen-maen [ˡkroɪs pɛn ˡmain]
Archifau Gwent: D298/23/1 Copy Court Roll Manor of Abercarn Surrender and Admittance 1.... “the highway leading from Cross Penmayne towards Aberbeeg... 17 Jun 1783”. (The English spelling Penmayne shows the Gwentian pronunciation)

(Other spellings: Croespenmaen, Croespenmain, Cross Penmain, Croes Pen Main)


(delwdd 5948)

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crotan [ˡkrɔtan] (nf) lass, girl. Standard Welsh: merch [ˡmɛrx]
crotesi [krɔˡtɛsɪ] (pl). Standard Welsh: merched [ˡmɛrxɛd]
(CROT = child) + (-EN feminine diminutive suffix) > CROTEN (> Gwentian CROTAN).

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crots [krɔts] (pl) lads. See crotyn

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crotyn [ˡkrɔtɪn] (nm) lad, boy. Standard Welsh: bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn] (nm))
crots [krɔts] (pl). Standard Welsh: bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɪn]
pan o%%n-i’n grotyn when I was a lad
CROT < CRWT < English dialect CRUT (occurs nowadays in the north of England and southern Scotland) = smallest pig in a litter, youngest bird in a brood, puny child.
(CROT) + (-YN diminutive suffix) > CROTYN.

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crowdo [ˡkrɔʊdɔ] (v) to crowd, to come in crowds. Standard Welsh: tyrru [ˡtərɪ]
Mā dynnon yn crowdo i ddarllin y pishys w-i'n sgryfennu (Darian 09-09-1915; adapted spelling)
People come in droves to read the pieces I write

From English (TO) CROWD [kraud] > Welsh (CROWD- [krɔʊd]) + (-IO) > CROWDIO > CROWDO

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crwt [krʊt] (nm) lad, boy. Standard Welsh: bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn] (nm))
crwts [krɔts] (pl). Standard Welsh: bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɛn]

From English dialect CRUT = smallest pig in a litter, youngest bird in a brood, puny child. “Crut” occurs nowadays in the north of England and southern Scotland.

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(delwedd 5896)
CRUT, a dwarf, or anything curbed in its growth.

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(delwedd 5897)

“CROOT, sb. [substantive] Sc. [Scotland] Also in form krute Rxb. [Roxburghshire]; crute (Jam.). [Jamieson 1808-1825] A puny, feeble child; the youngest bird of a brood; the smallest pig of a litter. See Crut, sb.1 [substantive 1]”. The English dialect dictionary, being the complete vocabulary of all dialect words still in use, or known to have been in use during the last two hundred years. Volume 6. Supplement, A-Y. Joseph Wright. 1905.

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(delwedd 5898)

CRUT, sb.1 [substantive 1] Sc. [Socotland]. Pem. [Pembrokeshire]. Also in form crot. 1 A short person. Ayr. [Ayrshire] WALLACE Schoolmaster (1899) 346. 2. A lad, not necessarily stunted. Pem. [Pembrokeshire]. (J.S.O.T.)

“The English dialect dictionary, being the complete vocabulary of all dialect words still in use, or known to have been in use during the last two hundred years. Volume 1. A-C. 1898.”
Joseph Wright. 1905.

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cryndod [ˡkrəndɔd] (nm) shaking, quiver, quivering. Standard Welsh: cryndod [ˡkrəndɔd]

gita cryndod yn i-laish in a shaky voice (“with shaking / quivering in his voice”)



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cuddo [ˡki·ðɔ] (v) hide. Standard Welsh: cuddio [ˡkɪðjɔ]

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cùs [kɪs] (nm) kiss. Standard Welsh: cusan [ˡkɪsan]
#cusa [ˡkɪsa] (pl). Standard Welsh: cusanau [ˡkɪsa·naɪ]
O’r lìli fäch ro gùs i mi (< o’r lili fach rho gus i mi) (Tarian y Gweithiwr 06-12-1888) (oh little lily give me a kiss)
From Old English CUSS ( = kiss).
Standard Welsh CUSAN is probably (CUS) + (-AN = diminutive suffix).
Cf German DER KUSS ( = kiss), Dutch DE KUS (nm) ( = kiss), Swiss German KÜSSLI / CHÜSSLI.

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cusan [ˡkɪsan] (nm) kiss. Standard Welsh: cusan [ˡkɪsan]
#cusana [ˡkɪsa·na] (pl). Standard Welsh: cusanau [ˡkɪsa·naɪ]
ro gusan eto (< rho gusan eto) (Tarian y Gweithiwr 06-12-1888) give me another kiss (‘give a kiss again’)
ORIGIN: See cùs

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cwáliti [ˡkwalɪtɪ] (nm) quality. Standard Welsh: ansawdd [ˡansaʊð]

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cwato [ˡkwatɔ] (v) hide. Standard Welsh: cuddio [ˡkɪðjɔ]

Cf
1/ Quat The shape made in the grass where a hare has rested (i.e. in standard English, a ‘form’)
Dialect Words from North Somerset 2015 Vince Russett
http: //www.ycccart.co.uk/index_htm_files/Dialect%20words%20in%20reports-2.pdf

2/ QUAT. — Used sometimes instead of “squat." A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialect Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’)
These are pronounced [kwot] in modern English, but would earlier have been [kwat], which was the pronunciation when the word was taken into Welsh.

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cwb [ku: b] (nm) coop (for hens, pigeons). Standard Welsh: cwt [kʊt] (nm))
From English COOB [ku: b].

Cf. 1/ COOB.— Coop. A hen-coop is a “hen-coob.” A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialect Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’)

2/ Also in USA. ...a poultry "coob". (coop). (Frontier Feud: 1819-20: How Two Officers Quarreled All the Way to the Site of Fort Snelling / Helen McCann White / Vol. 42, No. 3, Fall, 1970. pp. 99-114. Minnesota Historical Society Press.)

3/ Ireland (Luimneach / Limerick). Tales of My Neighbourhood, Volume 1. 1835. Gerald Griffin. ...and some chickens that were in a coob at the other end o’ the place.

4/ Irish cúb ( = hen coop) < English coob.

5/ COOB. A hen-coop. Wilts. ( = Wiltshire). A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs and Ancient Customs from the Fourteenth Century. Volume 1. 1846. James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps.

6/ Dictionary of the Welsh Language: Explained in English. William Owen Pughe. 1832. Cwb ieir, a hen pen; cwb ci, a dog kennel, or cote; cwb colomenod, a dove cote.

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cwar [kwar] (nm) quarry. Standard Welsh: chwarel [ˡxwa·rɛl]
Plural cwerydd [ˡkwɛrɪð], cwarra [ˡkwara]. Standard Welsh: chwarelau [xwaˡre·laɪ, xwaˡre·lɛ], chwareli [xwaˡre·lɪ]

Clos y Cwarra modern street name in Sain Ffagan / Saint Fagans, Caer-dydd / Cardiff ( = Close of “Y Cwarra”, or close of the quarries)


(delwedd 5963)

Y Cwarra Mawr place in Caerffili (apparently ‘greater Cwarra’, referring to a farm called Y Cwarra = the quarries)


(delwedd B0421)

cwerydd släts slate quarries (“quarries (of) slates”) Pentan Shon Ifan. Tarian y Gweithiwr. 11 Chwefror 1897 . cwerydd slats

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cwcw [ˡkʊkʊ] (nf) cuckoo. Standard Welsh: cog [co: g]
#cwcŵod [kʊˡkuɔd]. Standard Welsh: cog [ˡko·gaɪ]

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cwestshwn [ˡkwɛsʧʊn] (nm) question. Standard Welsh: cwestiwn [ˡkwɛstjʊn]
#cwestiyna [kwɛsˡʧəna]. Standard Welsh: cwestiynau [kwɛsˡtjənaɪ]

y cwestiwn yw shwººd ma%% u-catw-nw’n säff the question is how to keep them safe

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cwiddyl [ˡkwi·ðɪl] (nm) shame. Standard Welsh: darn mawr [ˡdarn ˡmaʊr] (“large piece”)See cywilydd
Ràg cwiddyl i ti! Shame on you! For shame! You ought to be ashamed of yourself!
Also as Ròg cwiddyl…
Rhag yººch-cwiddyl-chi! Shame on you! For shame!
’yt-ti’n ’ala cwiddyl arno-i you’re making me feel ashamed
CYWILYDD > C’WILYDD > (metathesis L-DD > DD-L) CWIDDYL


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cwlffyn [ˡkʊlfɪn] (nm) hunk (= large piece). Standard Welsh: darn mawr [ˡdarn ˡmaʊr] (“large piece”)
cwlffyn o fara chaws Carffili a lump of bread and Caerffili cheese
( = “darn mawr o fara â chaws Caerffili”)

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cwm [kʊm] (nm) valley. Standard Welsh: cwm [kʊm]
cymydd [ˡkəmɪð] (pl). Standard Welsh: cymoedd [ˡkəmɔɪð]
yn y cwm ’ma in this valley
yn yººn-cymydd-ni in our valleys

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cwmp [kʊmp] (nm) 1 fall; 2 rock-fall, fall of rock in a mine or quarry. Standard Welsh: cwymp [kuɪmp]
däth cwmp arno a rock fell on him, the roof fell on him (‘a rockfall came on him’)
dod i ddiwadd o dan gwmp (Standard Welsh: dod i’w diwedd) die in a rockfall (‘come to his end under a fall’)

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cwmpo [ˡkʊmpɔ] (v) fall. Standard Welsh: cwympo [ˡkuɪmpɔ]; syrthio [ˡsərθjɔ]
o%%dd-a bron â chwmpo he was almost falling over

Note 100: www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_geiriaduron/geiriadur-gwenhwyseg-nodiadau_100_wy-cwympo-cwmpo_0195e.htm

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cwmws [ˡkʊmʊs] 1/ (adj) exact, straight. Standard Welsh: cymwys [ˡkəruɪs] = appropriate, suitable; exact; straight) 2/ (adv) yn gwmws a) exactly b) directly, straight
felna’n gwmws exactly like that
yn gwmws exactly; 
mor gwmws â’r säth (mor gymwys â’r saeth) as straight as an arrow.
fe-etho'n gwmws i'r gynhatladd I went directly to the conference (Y Darian, 5 Mehefin 1919)

NOTES: 1/ Final -wy is usually reduced to w in Southern Welsh (Afon Ebwy > Afon Ebw).
2/ This w has influenced the y in the first syllable, thus cymws > cwmws.
Compare similar examples in standard Welsh, where

a/ cwmwl = cloud, which was historically cymwl, and

b/ cwmwd (a commote or administrative division) < cymwd.

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cwnnad [ˡkʊnad] (nm) 1/ increase 2/ rise. Standard Welsh: codiad [ˡko·djad]
mynd i gwnnad (land) slope upwards
In standard Welsh, this would be cychwyniad [kəˡxuinjad], though its meaning is different: ‘beginning’

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cwnnu [ˡkʊnɪ] (v); 1/ (vi) to get up, to rise, 2/ (vt) to raise, to pick up: 3/ to charge (a price). Standard Welsh: codi [ˡko·dɪ]
In standard Welsh, this would be cychwynnu [kəˡxuinɪ] but this form is not in use; another form of the word is in everday usage however, cychwyn, which has the meaning of ‘to begin’.

Sometimes in dialect writings it is spelt with an unetymological single n (cwnu).

cwnn lan! get up! (= out of bed)
cwnnwch lan! get up! (= out of bed)
gwnnws un i-lifir lan one of them picked up his book
cwnnu gormod o brish am charge too much for (“raise | too much | of | price | for”)

(Other forms and spellings: cwnnu, gwnnu, chwnnu, cwnu, cwni, gwnu, gwni, chwnu, chwni, cwnnwch, cwncwch, cwn)

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cynsytro [kənˡsətrɔ] (v) to consider. See ystyried [əˡstərɛjd]
Erbyn mod-i'n cynsytro pethach fel ’yn By the time I consider / take into consideration things like this
Llythyra’ Newydd. Tarian y Gweithiwr. 8 Awst 1895  Erbyn mod i'n cynsytro pethach fel hyn
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cwpla [ˡkʊpla] (v) to finish. Standard Welsh: cwblháu [kʊblˡhaɪ]
NOTE: This is not the typical devoicing of this dialect (an initial b in the final becomes p) - but rather the effect of the initial h- in the suffix for forming verbs -hau (cwbl-háu > cwpl-áu). 
In some words this stressed -au has been replaced by unstressed -a, and the stress has gone back onto the verb - 
cwbl > cwbl-hau > cwpl-áu > cwpla
cof > cof-háu > coff-áu > coffa
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cwpwl [ˡkʊpʊl] (nm) couple. Standard Welsh: pâr [pa: r], cwpl [ˡkʊpʊl]
am gwpwl o fishodd for a couple of months (= am gwpl o fisoedd)
From English COUPLE

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cwpwrt [ˡkʊpʊrt] (nm) cupboard. Standard Welsh: cwpwrdd [ˡkʊpʊrð]
cwpwrta [kʊˡpʊrta] (pl). Standard Welsh: cypyrddau [kəˡpərðaɪ]

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cwrw [ˡku·rʊ] (nm) beer. Standard Welsh: cwrw [ˡku·rʊ]

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cwrdd [kʊrð] (nm) 1/ meeting, gathering; 2/ religious service of Nonconformists. Standard Welsh: cwrdd [kʊrð]
cwrdda [ˡkʊrða] (pl) services. Standard Welsh: cyrddau [ˡkərðaɪ]
tŷ cwrdd chapel, meeting house (‘house (of) meeting’)

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cwrs [kʊrs] (nm) course. Standard Welsh: cwrs [kʊrs]
From English COURSE in its former pronunciation [kurs], nowadays [ko:s];

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cwrso [ˡkʊrsɔ] (v) chase. Standard Welsh: ymlid [ˡəmlɪd]; erlid [ˡɛrlɪd]
cwrso defid chase sheep
From English COURSE in its former pronunciation [kurs], nowadays [ko: s]; (CWRS) + (verbal suffix -IO) > CWRSIO > CWRSO

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cwsg [kʊsk] (nm) sleep. Standard Welsh: cwsg [kʊsk]

bod yn gwsg be numb

clapo nethon-ni sbo'n-dulo-ni'n gwsg we clapped till our hands were numb


(delwedd 0419)

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cwt [kʊt] (nf) queue.)
PLURAL #cwta [ˡkʊta].

1/ tail. Standard Welsh: cynffon [ˡkənfɔn] (nf), PLURAL: cynffonau [kənˡfoˑnaɪ, -ɛ]
cwt y gäth the cat’s tail, (the) tail (of) the cat; 
cwt y ci the dog’s tail, (the) tail (of) the dog; 

2/ queue. Standard Welsh: ciw [kiu] (nm) queue. PLURAL ciwiau
aros yn y gwt to wait in the queue

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cwtch [kʊtʃ] Incorrect spelling of cwtsh often used in English, especially by non-Welsh-speakers;

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cwtsh [kʊtʃ] (nm)

PLURAL: cwtshis

1/ cuddle, hug, embrace. Syandard Welsh: cofleidiad, anwesiad.

2/ dog’s kennel; also as a command to a dog to go to its kennel

3/ rabbit hutch, ‘rabbit’s cwtsh’

4/ cwtsh glo coal store, ‘coal cutch’

5/ cwtsh dan stär space under the stairs, small cupboard under the stairs (= cwtsh dan y stàr, ‘store under the staircase’)

ORIGIN: Welsh CWTSH [kʊtʃ] < English dialect COOCH [kʊtʃ], short-vowel form of COOCH [ku:tʃ] < French COUCH(ER), preserving the [ʧ] value of CH in older French. In modern French <ch> is now [ʃ].

NOTE: (Herefordshire dialect) Cooch: crouch down. Hereford Times / 12 December 2015 / www. herefordtimes.com/news/14140019.55_long_lost_Herefordshire_sayings_and_words/

See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cwtch



(delwedd B0422)

THE ABERDARE TIMES. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1857. CHARGE OF STEALING A FERRET. — William Evans was charged with stealing a ferret, the property of William Henry Bird, Mountain Ash. Prosecutor said he bad a white ferret, which he kept locked up it the coal-cutch in the back. Saw it safe about 5 o' clock on Sunday last, and about 8.30 he went to show it to a mun and it was gone, the cutch door being open and the staple taken out. The value of the ferret, which he produced, was 5s. and it was his property. Defendaut asserted that the ferret was his, and that he had purchased it from T. Harris, Sunderland, last spring. Prosecutor: I am certain of the ferret. 1 know it by a mark where a rat bit it on the head. Defendant: Rats very frequently bite ferrets on the head. P.C. Perkins gave evidence as to finding the ferret in a closet at the back of defendant house. On being charged with stealing it defendant said, “I did not break open the door or take the forret. It is my ferret. I have had it about two months." Defendant denied that he said anything about two months. He pleaded not guilty, and called as a witness William Rees, collier, 28, High Street, Mountain Ash, who stated that he had seen a white ferret in defendant's possession three or four months ago, but he had not seen it since. Defendant was committed for trial, but admitted to bail, himself in £10 and one surety in a similar amount.


(delwedd B0420)

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Y Cwtsh [ə ˡkʊtʃ] (nm)

1/ Name of a pit at Wattstown

2/ Wattstown. Standard Welsh: Tre-watt [trɛˡwat]
(Tre-watt is a translation, which was never in colloquial use, of the English name.)


(delwedd B0417)

Tarian y Gweithwr. 9 Medi 1909. Ar Ymweliad. Y dydd o'r blaen, aethum i fyny y Rhondda, ac wedi cyrhaedd y Porth, yr oedd yn rhaid cyfeirio ar y dde i gwm Rhondda fach. Yn wir, syr, mae yn rhaid cyfaddef, mae pethau yn gwella. Dyna handi mae y cars yma yn mynd a chi i'r ‘very spot' y byddwch am fyned. Wedi mynd i'r car yn y Porth ffwrdd yr aethom ac yn mhen ychydig yr oeddym yn Wattstown. Pe gofynech i mi am Gymreigeiddio y gair neu’r enw yma — dywedwn fel hyn — Tre Watt. Gwyddwn pa le oedd galw wedi cyrhaedd yr orsaf, yn herwydd y Cyfaill yn gyfarwydd a'r frawdoliaeth yn Calfaria.

Tarian y Gweithwr (The Workman’s Shield). 9 September 1909. On a visit. The other day I went up the Rhondda and having reached Y Porth I had to go to the right to Cwm Rhondda Fach (the valley of the Lesser Rhondda river). Indeed, sir, I must confess that things are improving. How handy the tramcars are taking you to the very spot you want to go to. Having got on the tram in Y Porth off we went and in no time at all we were in Wattstown. If you were to ask me how to put this word or name into Welsh I would say [it] like this - Tre Watt. I knew what place to call by at having reached the station because the Friend (= the name of the author of this piece, Cyfaill John, Friend John) was familiar with the brotherhood in Calfaria.
·····


(delwedd 5965)

Y Darian.13 Ionawr 1910. Well done, Wattstown. Y mae gweithwyr glofa Wattstown a thrigolion y lle wedi rhoddi ‘motor car' at wasanaeth Mr Edgar Jones, M.A., am dair wythnos, er mwyn iddo wneud y goreu o'i frwydr etholiadol yn Mwrdeisdrefi Merthyr ac Aberdar. Pa beth bynag fydd y draul, y maent hwy yn myned yn gyfrifol am dani. Bu Mr Edgar Jones o help mawr iddynt hwy yn nglyn a chael Institute newydd i'r lle, heblaw llu o gymwynasau ereill. Datganodd ddymuniadau y glowyr, eiriolodd drostynt, ac ymladdodd eu brwydrau y pryd hwnw mor ganmoladwy, fel y maent hwythau yn awr am ei gofio yntau. Son am anrhydedd i broffwyd yn ei wlad ei hun, dyna engraifft odidog o hono. Ac y mae golwg urddasol ar Edgar bach yn ‘motor car’ boys y Cwtch. Well done, yn wir!

Y Darian (The Shield). 13 January 1910. Well done, Wattstown. The workers at the Wattstown coalmine and the inhabitants of the place have placed (‘given’) a motor car at the service of Mr Edgar Jones, M.A., for three weeks, so that he can make the best of his election fight in the boroughs of Merthyr and Aber-dâ / Aberdare. Whatever the cost will be, they are taking responsibility for it (‘going reponsible for it’). Mr Edgar Jones was of great help to them in getting a new (Miners’) Institute newydd for the village, besides very many other kindly acts / good deeds. He expressed the wishes of the miners, he interceded for them, and he carried out their struggle at the time in a praiseworthy manner, and so they no wish to remember him. Talk about honour for a prophet in his own land, this is a splendid example of it. Son am anrhydedd i broffwyd yn ei wlad ei hun, dyna engraifft odidog o hono. And Edgar is a noble sight in the motor car of the boys of Y Cwtch. Well done, indeed!


·····
cwtsho [kʊtʃ] (v)
1/ (vt) cuddle, hug, embrace, give a cuddle / hug / embrace. Standard Welsh: cofleidio [kɔvˡləɪdjɔ]
2/ (vt) hide. Standard Welsh: cuddio [ˡkɪðjɔ]
3/ (vi) get comfortable (gwneud eich hun yn gysurus [ˡgwnəɪd əx ˡhi: n ən gəˡsi·rɪs] make yourself comfortable)

In South-east-Wales English as CUTCH (or in pseudo-Welsh spelling as CWTCH) (Also found sometimes in Welsh as CWTCH, though here it is an English spelling! since [ʧ], is “tsh” rather than “tch”.)

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cwtyn [ˡku·tɪn] (nm) bag. Standard Welsh: bàg [bag]
cwtyn y saint 1/ odds-and-ends bag (An expression, among certain others, that has surived from pre-Reformation Catholic Wales)

2/ fel cwtyn y saint = like the friar's purse (thus translated in Diarhebion Cymraeg / J. J. Evans / 1965) . All mixed up, in disorder, a complete mess; literally ‘like a reliquary bag’.

Literally ‘(the) bag (of) the saints’, i.e. a reliquary [ˈrɛlɪkwərɪ] bag / reliquary pouch / reliquary purse. Such bags were used in medieval times to keep supposed relics of saints, usually pieces of bone or cloth. They were either in the possession of individuals or of churches, in which case they were stored in small altars or in specially crafted wooden or stone reliquaries.

Cf Robert Morton Nance: Old Cornwall Journal, No.5 (April 1927).
When not in use in the field, the crowdy-crawn (from croder croghen in the Cornish language = skin sieve) was used to store odds and ends in homes: "In old country house-keeping in West Cornwall, things, all worth saving, but for which no special place on the wall, shelf, chimney board, or dresser was provided, were tidied away into the "crowdy-crawn"; a sieve-rind with a bottom of stretched sheep-skin, serving on occasion also as a tambourine for dancers, but originally meant as a corn-measure."

The Talk Tidy website (‘the online home of Wenglish’) http: //talktidy.com/c.html includes it as an expression used in South-eastern Wales English ‘”Look at the state of this place - it's like cwtyn y saint!"’.

CWTYN < CWDYN. From (CWD = bag) + (-YN dimiutive suffix). CWD is most likely a borrowing from an English word *CUD, a parallel form of COD (= (dialect) pod, husk; (obsolete) bag; scrotum)

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cyfadda [kəˡva·ða] (v) admit ̄(= cyfaddef [kəˡva·ðɛv, kəˡva·ðɛ])

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cyfansoddiad [kəvanˡsɔðjad] (nm) compostion. Standard Welsh: cyfansoddiad [kəvanˡsɔðjad]
pl. cyfansoddiata [kəvansɔðˡja·ta]. Standard Welsh: cyfansoddiad kəvansɔðˡja·daɪ, -dɛ]

Cyfansoddiata Steddfod Llan-lluwch (Y Darian 02-09-1915) the compositions of the Llan-lluwch eisteddfod

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cyfarfod [kəˡvarvɔd] (nm) meeting. Standard Welsh: cyfarfod [kəˡvarvɔd]
cyfarfotydd [kəvarvo·tɪð]. Standard Welsh: cyfarfodydd [kəvarvo·dɪð]

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Cyfarthfa [kəˡvarθva] (nf) place name. Standard Welsh: Cyfarthfa [kəˡvarθva]
Also Cyfartha [kəˡvarθa]


(delwedd 5775)

CYFARTHA, a chapelry in Merthyr-TydviI parish, Glamorgan; on the N verge of the county, 1 mile N of Merthyr-Tydvil town and r. station. It was constituted in 1846. ... Great iron-works here were begun, about 1765, by Mr. Anthony Bacon... Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales / John Marius Wilson / (1870-72)

In the novel ‘How Green was my Valley’ ‘Cyfartha’ is the name of a croney of boxer Dai Bando


(delwedd 5776)

Also: Y Gyfartha
Etto, y Parch. J. Howells, Incumbent Eglwys y Gyfartha, dydd Sadwrn, Awst 29, tarawyd ef mewn llewyg tra yn carfio i wledd cymdeithas ddyngarol ag oedd wedi bod yn pregethu iddi. Bu yn y llewyg hyd ddeg o'r gloch nos Sabbath, pan y bu farw. Y Dydd / 11 Medi 1868

= Similarly, the Reverend J Howells, incumbent of the church in Y Gyfartha, on Saturday August 29th [1868] collapssed unconscious / fell into a faint (‘was struck in a faint’) whilst carving [the meat] for the banquet of a benevolent society that he had been preaching to. He reamined unsconscious (‘in the faint’) until ten o’ clock on Sunday night, when he died.
...bydd atdyniad pobloedd i'r lle er clywed seindorf bres y Gyfartha. yn nghyd a'r professionals o Lundain...
= There will be an attraction of groups of people to the place to hear the Cyfarthfa brass band as well as professionals from London... Seren Cymru / 18 Awst 1871

Mae y fasnach lo yma lawer yn well nag y mae wedi bod, a'r Gyfartha yr un m’ yn y glo. Llawer o'r black pearl yn cael ei gludo yn wythnosol tua thref y mwg - prifddinas Ymerodraeth Prydain. Wrth ragolygon yr orwel fasnachol, yr ydym yn credu y bydd y gauaf dyfodol yn well i'r meistr a'r gweithiwr. Nid oes, hyd yn hyn, yr un cychwyniad gwirioneddol yn Ngweithfeydd Haiarn y Gyfartha. Y Gwladgarwr / 20 Medi 1878

= The market for coal here is a lot better than it has been, and Y Gyfartha similarly for coal [extraction]. Much of the ‘black pearl’ is being transpòrted each week to the town of the smoke - the capital of the British Empire [= London]. As for business forecasts (‘according to the forecasts of the trading horizon’), we believe that the coming winter will be better for the employers (‘for the master’) and the workers. Up until now, there has not been the same (‘the same true beginning’) real pick-up in business in the Gyfartha Ironworks.

NOTE: The alternative form of the name results from the simplification of the consonant cluster [θv] > [θ] Cyfarthfa > Cyfarth’a ( = Cyfartha)

·····
cyfla [ˡkəvla] (nm) opportunity, chance, occasion. Standard Welsh: cyfle [ˡkəvlɛ]
#cyfleodd [kəvˡle·ɔð] (pl). Standard Welsh: cyfleoedd [kəvˡle·ɔɪð]

·····
cyffretin [kəˡfre·tɪn] (adj) common, general. Standard Welsh: cyffredin [kəˡfre·dɪn]

·····
cyfordus [kəˡvɔrdɪs] (adj) comfortable. Standard Welsh: cyfforddus [kəˡfɔrðɪs]
Also cyfwrdus [kəˡvʊrdɪs] in Gwentian. In the rest of the south usually cyffyrddus [kəˡfərðɪs]
Source: GPC
Also cymffordus:
dotwch yººch-’unan yn gymffordus make yourself comfortable (“put yourself comfortable”) (Y Darian, 17 Ebrill 1919. Llith y Tramp. “dodwch ych hunan yn gymffordus”)

·····
cyfrath [ˡkəvraθ] (nf) law. Standard Welsh: cyfraith [ˡkəvraɪθ]
PLURAL: #cyfreitha, #cyfritha [kəvˡrəɪθa, kəvˡri·θa] laws. Standard Welsh: cyfreithiau [kəvˡrəɪθjɛ]
y gyfrath the law

·····
cym-po-(h)ir [kɪm po: ˡi: r] (adv) before long. Standard Welsh: cyn bo hir [kɪn bo: ˡhi: r]

·····
Cymraes [kəmˡraɪs] (nf) Welshwoman. Gwentian: Cymrigas [kəmˈri·gas] < Cymreigas [kəmˈrəɪgas < Cymreiges [kəmˈrəɪgɛs] (CYMREIG = Welsh) + (feminine suffix -ES).

PLURAL: Cymraesau [kəmˡrəɪsaɪ]. Gwentian Cymrigesa [kəmrɪˈgɛsa] < Cymreigesa [kəmrəɪˈgɛsa] < Cymreigese [kəmrəɪˈgɛsɛ] < Cymreigesau [kəmrəɪˈgɛsaɪ]

·····
Cymri%%gas [kəmˈri·gas] (nf) Welshwoman. See Cymraes [kəmˡraɪs]

·····
Cymreigas [kəmˈrəɪgas] (nf) Welshwoman. See Cymraes [kəmˡraɪs]

·····
Cymreiges [kəmˈrəɪgɛs] (nf) Welshwoman. See Cymraes [kəmˡraɪs]

·····
Cymro [ˡkəmrɔ] (nm) Welshman. Standard Welsh: Cymro [ˡkəmrɔ]
PLURAL: Cymry [ˡkəmrɪ] Welshmen; Welsh people. Standard Welsh: Cymry [ˡkəmrɪ]
Ma-fa’n Gymro o'r top i'r gwu%%lod, a ma%% ’ynny dicyn yn ryfadd mwn sgŵlmastar.
He’s a Welshman through and through, and that’s rather strange for a schoolmaster
(Y Darian. 1 Mehefin 1916.) Ma fa’n Gymro o'r top i'r gwaelod, a ma hynny dicyn yn rhyfadd mwn Scwlmastar.
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Cymru [ˡkəmrɪ] (nf) Wales. Gwentian: Cymru [ˡkəmrɪ]
Cymru am byth [ˡkəmrɪ am bɪθ] Wales for ever

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cymryd [ˡkəmrɪd] (v) take. Standard Welsh: cymryd [ˡkəmrɪd]
(Englishism) cymryd ffor grantid [ˡkəmrɪd fo: r ˡgrantid] take for granted. Standard Welsh: cymryd yn ganiataol [ˡkəmrɪd ˡən ganiaˡta·ɔl]
CYMRYD (= CYM’RYD) < CYMERYD
·····
cymydd [ˡkəmɪð] valleys. See cwm [kʊm]

·····
cyrradd [ˡkərað] (v) arrive (at a place), reach (a place). See cyrraedd [ˡkəraɪð]
rôl cyrradd Aber-där after arriving in Aber-dâr / Aberdare

·····
cythrwm [ˡkəθrʊm] (nm) devil. Standard Welsh: cythraul [ˡkəθraɪl], diafol [dɪˡa·vɔl], diawl [djaul]
(Alteration of the word cythraul)
Beth gythrwm...? What the devil...?
Myn cythrwm-i! [mən ˡkəθrʊm ˡɪ] Bloody hell!


·····
Y Cyw [ə ˡkiu] (nm) short name for Heol-y-cyw (qv)

·····


ALTERNATIVE SPELLINGS:

cwpwl < cwpl (= couple), Cymres, Cymrês, Cymrâs, Cymras < Cymraes (= Welshwoman)

xxxxx

Geiriadur Geiriau Cymraeg Camsillafedig (Sillafiadau Tafodieithol, Hynafol, Anarferol, Anghywir a Seisnegedig).
Geiriau Cymraeg nad yw yn y geiriaduron safonol - gellir gweld llawer ohonynt, ynglŷn â’u sillafiad safonol, yn y ddolen-gyswllt isod:

Dictionary of Misspelt Welsh Words (Dialectal, Archaic, Unusual, Incorrect and Anglicised Spellings).
Welsh words not listed in standard Welsh dictionaries - many might be found, along with their standard spelling, via the link below:

www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur-camsillafiadau_MORFIL_3525e.htm


(delwedd G4002b)

(Other forms and spellings: ciatw, gatw, giatw, chatw) > catw

(Other forms and spellings: getyn, cetin, getin, chetyn, chetin) > cetyn

(Other forms and spellings: citcho, citchas, gitchas, citshas, chitcho, gitshas, chitchas, chitshas, citchws, gitchws, citshws, gitshws, chitchws, chitshws, citchon, gitchon, citshon, gitshon, chitchon, chitshon) > citsho

Sumbolau:

a A / æ Æ / e E / ɛ Ɛ / i I / o O / u U / w W / y Y /
MACRONː ā Ā / ǣ Ǣ / ē Ē / ɛ̄ Ɛ̄/ ī Ī / ō Ō / ū Ū / w̄ W̄ / ȳ Ȳ /
MACRON + ACEN DDYRCHAFEDIGː Ā̀ ā̀ , Ḗ ḗ, Ī́ ī́ , Ṓ ṓ , Ū́ ū́, (w), Ȳ́ ȳ́
MACRON + ACEN DDISGYNEDIGː Ǟ ǟ , Ḕ ḕ, Ī̀ ī̀, Ṑ ṑ, Ū̀ ū̀, (w), Ȳ̀ ȳ̀
MACRON ISODː A̱ a̱ , E̱ e̱ , I̱ i̱ , O̱ o̱, U̱ u̱, (w), Y̱ y̱
BREFː ă Ă / ĕ Ĕ / ĭ Ĭ / ŏ Ŏ / ŭ Ŭ / B5236ː B5237ː
BREF GWRTHDRO ISODː i̯, u̯
CROMFACHAUː ⟨ ⟩ deiamwnt
A’I PHEN I LAWRː ∀, ә, ɐ (u+0250) httpsː //text-symbols.com/upside-down/
Y WENHWYSWEG: ɛ ɛ̄ ǣ æ

ˈ ɑ ɑˑ aˑ aː / æ æː / e eˑeː / ɛ ɛː / ɪ iˑ iː ɪ / ɔ oˑ oː / ʊ uˑ uː ʊ / ə / ʌ /
ẅ Ẅ / ẃ Ẃ / ẁ Ẁ / ŵ Ŵ /
ŷ Ŷ / ỳ Ỳ / ý Ý / ɥ
ˈ ð ɬ ŋ ʃ ʧ θ ʒ ʤ / aɪ ɔɪ əɪ uɪ ɪʊ aʊ ɛʊ ɔʊ əʊ / ai̯ £
ә ʌ ẃ ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ ẅ ẃ ẁ Ẁ ŵ ŷ ỳ Ỳ Hungarumlautː A̋ a̋

U+1EA0 Ạ U+1EA1 ạ
U+1EB8 Ẹ U+1EB9 ẹ
U+1ECA Ị U+1ECB ị
U+1ECC Ọ U+1ECD ọ
U+1EE4 Ụ U+1EE5 ụ
U+1E88 Ẉ U+1E89 ẉ
U+1EF4 Ỵ U+1EF5 ỵ
gyn aith δ δ £ gyn aith δ δ £ U+2020 †
« »

DAGGER
wikipedia, scriptsource. org
httpsː []//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ǣ

Hwngarwmlawtː A̋ a̋
gyn aith δ δ
…..
…..
ʌ ag acen ddyrchafedig / ʌ with acute accentː ʌ́

Ə́ ə́

Shwa ag acen ddyrchafedig / Schwa with acute

…..
…..
wikipedia,
scriptsource.[]org
httpsː//[ ]en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ǣ

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