kimkat3571. Geiriadur Saesneg a Chymraeg (Gwenhwyseg). A Dictionary of English and Welsh (Gwentian dialect – the south-eastern dialect of Wales).

21-09-2024

..	Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia La Web de Catalunya i Gal·les Geiriadur Cymraeg (Gwenhwyseg) - Saesneg Welsh - English (Gwentian dialect) Dictionary H

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(delwedd J7476)
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(delwedd J6256b)

http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_0934k.htm Y Wenhwyseg - y prif dudalen
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_2184c.htm El dialecte güentià del gal·lès - la pàgina prinicipal
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_1004e.htm Gwentian dialect of Welsh – the main page
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h [aɪʧ] (nf) aitch, name of the letter. Standard Welsh: h [aɪʧ]

1 In the south-east of Wales the ‘h’ is usually absent.

The existence of this trait in the Welsh of this region is probably the result of the influence of neighbouring English dialects where the ‘h’ was also absent. It is not a feature of other Welsh dialects.

This characterisitic in the English of south-east Wales is probably both a carry-over from south-eastern Welsh from a general bilingualism Welsh and English from the lte 1800s onwards (and eventually resulting in overwhelming monolingualism – English only – in the Welsh population) and the widespread use of West-Country English from the late 1800s as immigrants from the south-west of England came to work in Wales in agriculture and industry (though it should be noted that Somerset and parts of Dorset, Wiltshire and Gloucestershire are not ‘h’-dropping areas)

2 In general, the existence of the ‘h’ is ‘remembered’, and it reappears in cases of emphasis in the colloquial register, or when a speaker uses a more formal register of Welsh (though for some speakers there is a tendency to hypercorrect, and place an ‘h’ where it is not required - a trait also of the English of some speakers in the south-east of Wales – producing phrases such as “an ’eavy piece of hiron”.

As noted above, loss of ‘h’ is not usual in other varieties of Welsh. It is probably a feature of pronunciation copied from south-western English dialects.

In this dictionary, we include the “h” in Gwentian headwords, followed by the form with “h”-dropping.
(’wech = six, < hwech < chwech,)

See the wikipedia article on this phenomenon in English:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-dropping

NOTE: In the Forest of Dean, just over the Welsh border in England and contiguous with the Gwentian-speaking area of Wales, a commentator on the dialect of the forest has remarked:

The letter 'H' be zeldom uzed in Vorest - 'cept wer it zhouldn't be. The letter 'H' can be added to a werd - zpecialy wen a 'ooman da wun a zound 'posh':
Er 'ad a neck az ong az a hostrich.
Garge's dahter uzed ta zing in the Hopera.

(Keith Morgan / BBC Where I Live – Gloucestershire / http://www.bbc.co.uk/gloucestershire/voices2005/glossary.shtml ).

Standard English: The letter H is seldom used in the Forest [of Dean] – except where it shouldn’t be. The letter H can be added to a word – especially when a woman wants to sound posh.
She had a neck as long as a ‘hostrich’.
George’s daughter used to sing in the ‘hopera’.)


(delwedd )

In The Linguistic Atlas of England / Harold Orton, Stewart Sanderson, John Widdowson / 2013, it is. Stated that “the initial aspirate [is] typically lost in English regional speech... [it] is retained in three well-defined areas: [1] the extreme North [of England], [2] an area from East Anglia to north Sussex, and [3] a smaller enclave in the South West.”

That is, h-loss is a typical feature of English in England, apart from that part of the country bordering on Scotland, a zone in East Anglia, and one in Somerset, and parts of Gloucestershire, Dorset and Wiltshire are areas where ‘h’-dropping is not a feature of the local English dialects).


(delwedd J7765)

haf ( = summer) > ’af / ’äf,
halier ( = haulier, mineworker in charge of horses and drams) > ’aliar,
hanes ( = story, history) > ’anas,
Hendref ( = place name; winter farm) > ’Endra,
heol ( = street) > ’ewl,
hiraeth ( = longing) > ’irath
holo (make a hole) > ’olo,

Examples of hypercorrection with ‘h’ i.e. ‘h’ restored erroneously:
heidïa ( = eidïa – English: idea)
Mowntan Hash. Standard Welsh: Mountain Ash)
ffor ddes i’r Mowntan Hash (...how I came to Mountain Ash). Y Darian. 1 Mehefin 1916.

More examples of “h” where it is unwanted in: Llith y Tramp, Y Darian 9 Ionawr 1919.

ticyn bach o hofod. Standard Welsh: tipyn bach o ofod, a bit of space)
weti hacto'n hatroshws. Standard Welsh: wedi actio’n atrosiws, acted atrociously)
galw henwa cäs ar ddynon rispectabl. Standard Welsh: galw enwau cas ar ddynion parchus / respectabl, use nasty names for respectable men)
mor dalentog ag own i'n harfadd â bod. Standard Welsh: mor dalentog ag oeddwn i’n arfer bod) as talented as I used to be
un hatag. Standard Welsh: un adeg, at one time / on one occasion)

On the other hand the “h” is left out where is should be sounded:
ma'n ’ên bryd. Standard Welsh: mae’n hen bryd, it’s high time)
i-’annar-a. Standard Welsh: ei hanner ef, “its half”, half of it)

In the following review of entries to the 1914 Treorci Eisteddfod, the adjudicator
notes that the participant “Mab y Gloran” ( = son of “Y Gloran”, the rump, the nickname of a portion of Ystrad Dyfodwg parish corresponding to the Rhondda area) makes an erroneous use of “h”: Camleola yr ‘h’ yn fynych ( = He misplaces the ‘h’ frequently)


(delwedd J6518) (18-06-1914)

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hai diofal, ’ai diofal [ˡhaɪ dɪˡo·val, ˡaɪ dɪˡo·val] (adj) happy-go-lucky, easy-going, lackadaisical. Standard Welsh dibryder [dɪˡbrədɛr], didaro [dɪˡda·rɔ].
Un lled ‘ai diofal’ ōdd ’Ywal Llywelyn Hywel Llywelyn was fairly happy-go-lucky (Tarian y Gweithiwr 20-12-1900) “Un lled ‘hai diofal’ oedd Hywel Llywelyn”)

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hala, ’ala [ˡhala, ˡala] (v)
1/ spend (≡. Standard Welsh gwario [ˡgwarjɔ];
’ala arian to spend money
’ala amsar to spend time

2/ send (≡. Standard Welsh anfon [ˡanvɔn]
y llythyr ’alas i chi the letter that I sent you. (Standard Welsh: y llythyr a halais / a anfonais atoch chi)

Origin: hala > ala; hala is a southern variant of hela, now generally hel [hɛl] in the north (= to hunt; to collect, gather).
From ‘helgh-’ ( = hunting, chasing), cognate with Irish sealg = hunting)

Origin: hala is a southern variant of hela. Standard Welsh has hela [ˡhɛla] and hel [hɛl] (= to hunt; to collect). Generally hel [hɛl] in the north.
From Old Welsh HELGH- [hɛlx] (= hunting, chasing), cognate with Irish SEALG (obsolete; = hunting)

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halan / ’alan [ˡha·lan, ˡa·lan] (nm) salt. Standard Welsh halen [ˡha·lɛn]

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haliar, ’aliar [ˡhaljar, ˡaljar] (nm) haulier; mineworker in charge of mine carts (or mine tubs) and horses.
Standard Welsh: halier [ˡhaljɛr]
haliarz [ˡaljarz] (pl) hauliers. Standard Welsh haliers [ˡhaljɛrs]

From English HALLIER
1/ Gallier or hallier: one who keeps teams for hire. Glossary Of Provincial Words Used In Herefordshire And Some Of The Adjoining Counties. Sir George Cornewall Lewis. 1839.

2/ (Worcestershire): Upton on Severn Words and Phrases. Robert Lawson. English Dialect Society. 1884. HĂLLIER, or ĂLLIER, n. One
who draws coal, timber, bricks, etc.


(delwedd B0440)

(Other spellings: halier, alier, haliar: English: hallier, allier, gallier)
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halibalŵ, ’alibalŵ [halɪbaˡlu:, alɪbaˡlu:] (nf) hullabaloo. Standard Welsh has cynnwrf [ˡkənʊrv] = disturbance.
From English HULLABALOO

halio, ’alio [ˡhaljɔ, ˡaljɔ] (vt)
HALIO > (loss of “h”) ALIO.

1/ lead a horse in a coalmine, to hale
O%%dd Shoni yn ’alio ceffyl mawr gwyn Shoni was haling a big white horse “Yr oedd Shoni yn halio ceffyl mawr gwyn.”)
Ffraethebion Y Glowr Cymreig. Y Ddau Gasgliad Cyd-Fuddugol yn Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Treorci, 1928. Tudalen 14)

2/ haul, draw, pull
’alio glo haul coal
’alio dramz haul coal trams / coal carts / coal trucks / coal tubs
Standard Welsh: tynnu [ˡhaljɔ], halio [ˡhaljɔ]

From English HALE (older pronunciation [ha:l], now [heɪl]) (vt)
1/ force, compel, oblige (sb) to go (to a place);
She was haled out of her cottage by the mob; he was haled before a judge; he was haled to prison, etc
2/ haul, pull (especially in nautical language). They haled the net full of fish onto the deck; to hale the ropes in a ship.

In English (HALEN) 1100+ < Middle French HALER < Germanic. Cf Dutch HALEN ( = bring, fetch, get), German HOLEN ( = fetch), Old English GEHOLIAN ( = get, obtain).

Modern French HALER (v) ( = tow (e.g. a canal boat with horses on a towpath); pull hard on a rope.

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ham, ’am [ham, am] (nm) ham. Standard Welsh: ham [ham]
From English HAM ( = cut of meat from a pig’s hindquarters) < HAM ( = back part of the leg above the knee) < Old English HAMM ( = bend of the knee, back of the knee) < a Germanic root meaning ‘bent, crooked’. Cf Welsh CAM ( = crooked).

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hanas, ’anas [ˡha·nas, ˡa·nas] (nf) story; history. Standard Welsh: hanes [ˡha·nɛs]
’anas [ˡa·nas] < hanas [ˡha·nas] < hanes [ˡha·nɛs]
HANES is masculine in North Wales and Standard Welsh

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handlo, ’andlo [ˡhandlɔ, ˡandlɔ] (v) handle. Standard Welsh: trafod [ˡtra·vɔd]
From English HANDLE (HANDL) + (-O) > HANDLO (> Gwentian ’ANDLO)

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hannar, ’annar [ˡhanar, ˡanar] (nm) half. Standard Welsh: hanner [ˡhanɛr]
HANNER > HANNAR (in Gwentian final ‘e’ becomes ‘a’) > ANNAR (in Gwentian there is a loss of an initial ‘h’)
’annar awr ’nôl half an hour ago
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harn, ’arn [harn, arn] (nm) iron. Standard Welsh: haearn [ˡhəɪarn]
Y Bont ’Arn the iron bridge. Standard Welsh: Y Bont Haearn.

This was a Merthyrtudful landmark, designed and built by the principal engineer of the Cyfarthfa Iron Works, Watkyn George. It was completed in the year 1800, and demolished after 164 years of existence by the town council in 1964.

From a southern form haern for standard haeaern.

Cf the change aer > ar in
1/ Maerdy > Mardy (various places have this name),
2/ Llanilltud Faerdre > Llanilltud Fardra;
3/ Trahaearn / Trahaern > Trehaearn / Treháern > Trehárn > Treárn.

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harti, ’arti [ˡhartɪ, ˡartɪ] (nm) hearty. Standard Welsh: calonnog [kaˡlɔnɔg]

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hebrwn, ’ebrwn [ˡhɛbrʊn, ˡɛbrʊn] (v) Standard Welsh: hebrwng [ˡhɛbrʊŋ]
1 accompany
2 (courtship) go out with (old-fashioned: to court, to woo, to step out with)

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#heclan, ’eclan [ˡhɛklan, ˡɛklan] (# = presumed form) (v)
1/ haggle (over a price), bargain (haglan [ˡhaglan] North Wales; heglan [ˡhɛglan] South Wales;)
2/ wrangle; Standard Welsh: dadlau [ˡdadlaɪ]
From English HAGGLE / HEGGLE.

(Joseph Wright, English Dialect Dictionary 1903: HEGGLE (Somerset), HEIGLE (West Somerset).

English HEGGLE > Welsh (HEGL-) + -(AN verbal suffix) > HEGLAN > ??Gwentian ’ECLAN (this is the presumed Gwentian form – we have found no example as yet in dialect texts)

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hed, ’ed [hˡe·d, e·d] (adv) also, too, as well. Standard Welsh: hefyd [ˡhe·vɪd]

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heddi, ’eddi [ˡhe·ðɪ, ˡe·ðɪ] (adv) today. Standard Welsh: heddiw [ˡhe·ðɪʊ]

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heipo, ’eipo [ˡhəɪpɔ, ˡəɪpɔ]; hipo, ’ipo [ˡhi·pɔ, ˡi·pɔ] (adv) past.
Standard Welsh: heibio [ˡhəɪbjɔ].

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#helam, #’elam [ˡhe·lam, he·lam] (nf) corn stack. Standard Welsh: helm [hɛlm]
Plural: helma, ’elma. Standard Welsh: helmydd / helmi / helmau ˡhɛlmɪð, ˡhɛlmɪ, ˡhɛlmɛ / hɛlmaɪ].

(GPC: Ym Morgannwg sonir am 'elma o lafur') (= stacks of corn)
?HELAM < HELEM < HELM (= corn rick; helmet) < Middle English HELM (= helmet)

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helcyd, ’elcyd [ˡhɛlkɪd, ˡɛlkɪd] (v)
1/ hunt. Standard Welsh: hela [ˡhɛla];
2/ gather, collect. Standard Welsh: casglu [ˡkasglɪ]
Old Welsh “HELGH-“ (= to hunt) + CYD (= together) > *HELGH-GYD > HELCYD

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helpu, ’elpu [ˡhəɪpɪ, ˡəɪpɪ]; hipo, ’ipo [ˡhi·pɔ, ˡi·pɔ] (adv) past.
Standard Welsh: heibio [ˡhəɪbjɔ].

.....

hên, ’ên [he:n, e:n] (adj) old. Standard Welsh: hen [he:n]

Cf. A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialecl' Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’)

AWLD. — Awld is specially used as a term of familiarity, or even endearment. Thus a man would say of his wife, “My awld ’ooman ’ooll hev dinner jus' ready vor us.” [= My old woman will have dinner just ready for us]

Rw-i’n ddicon ’èn i fod yn dádcu iddo-fa. I’m old enough to be his grandfather (“old enough to be (a) grandfather to him”)
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hendra, ’endra [ˡhɛndra, ˡɛndra] (nf) main farm, winter farm. Standard Welsh: hendre [ˡhɛndrɛ]
Lirerally “old settlement” (HEN [he:n] = old) + (soft mutation T > D) + (TREF [tre:v] = homestead, farm) > HENDREF > HENDRE (loss of final [v])

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yr Hendra, yr ’Endra [ər ˡhɛndra, ər ˡɛndra]. Name of several farmhouses. Standard Welsh: Yr Hendre [ər ˡhɛndrɛ].
Also ’Rendra [ˡrɛndra].
yn ’Rendra in the Hendre

(The Moses Family Website moses-family-llanwynno [].com/evan-iii-and-hendre-rhys-farm-1797-1881 notes that Catherine Miles was buried in 1881 in Llanwynno “with her husband in a second family plot at St. Gwynno’s, where curiously the monumental mason has dropped the H from the farm’s address on the gravestone, spelling it “Endre Rees” – maybe it’s because he was a Londoner!”

It seems the writer (not a Welsh-speaker) was not aware that ‘h’ dropping was a usual feature of the Gwenhwyseg dialect of Welsh.

In the same website it is noted that Hendre-rhys is “spelt Hendra Rees in our Family Bible”.

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Hendraforgan, ’Endraforgan [hɛndraˡvɔrgan, ɛndraˡvɔrgan] SS9888. Farmhouse and housing estate in Gilfach-goch.
(“Endraforgan” in The Diary of William Herbert, 1886-87). Standard Welsh: Hendreforgan [hɛndrɛˡvɔrgan].
(HENDRE) + (soft mutation M > F) + (MORGAN = forename). In Older Welsh there was soft mutation of the initial of a personal name when in the genitive.

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heno, ’eno [ˡhe·nɔ, ˡe·nɔ] (adv) tonight. Standard Welsh: heno [ˡhe·nɔ]

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hetfan, ’etfan [ˡhɛtvan, ˡɛtvan] (v) fly. Standard Welsh: hedfan [ˡhɛdvan ]
‘etfan drw’r ywyr fly through the air. Standard Welsh: hedfan drwy’r awyr

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hewl, ’ewl [hɛʊl, ɛʊl] (f) street, road. Standard Welsh: heol [ˡhe·ɔl] (f) street.
Plural: hewlydd, ’ewlydd [ˡhɛʊlɪð, ˡɛʊlɪð]. Standard Welsh: heolydd [heˡo·lɪð]
HEOL [ˡhe·ɔl] > HEWL [hɛʊl] > ’EWL [ɛʊl];
HEOLYDD [heˡo·lɪð]> HEWLYDD [ˡhɛʊlɪð] > ’EWLYDD [ˡhɛʊlɪð].

ar yr ’ewl in the street, on the street

Pen-rewl [pɛnˡrɛʊl] (place name). Standard Welsh: Pen-yr-heol [pɛn ər ˡhe·ɔl] ( = top end of the road”)
Tyn-rewl [tɪnˡrɛʊl] (place name) (cf 1891 Census: ‘Tyn Rhewl’ (Cilybebyll). Standard Welsh: Tyn-yr-heol [tɪn ər ˡhe·ɔl] ( = smallholding by the road”)

’ewl läs [ˡɛʊl ˡlɛ:s] green way, green lane = ?a track bounded by trees and bushes or hedgerows. Standard Welsh: heol las [ˡhe·ɔl ˡla:s] (North Wales: ffordd las)

·····

Yr Hewl-las, Yr ’Ewl-läs [hɛʊl, ɛʊl]
Also ’Rewl-läs.

“Heol-las” is the name of various places (e.g.
1] Llwynfedw / Birchgrove, Abertawe;
2] farm near Llan-gan, Y Bont-faen / Cowbridge
3] farm in Creunant.

Broadway in Y Rhath / Roath, Caer-dydd / Cardiff was formerly “Green Lane” which might be the Englishing of
an original Welsh name Yr Heol Las / (Gwentian) Yr ’Ewl Läs

·····

#Hewl-y-cyw, ’Ewl-y-cyw [ˡhɛʊl ə ˡkɪʊ, ˡɛʊl ə ˡkɪʊ]. Village name. Standard Welsh Heol-y-cyw [ˡhe·ɔl ə ˡkɪʊ].
Short name: Y Cyw [ə ˡkiu]
Yn y Cyw ma%%-fa’n byw live in Heol-y-cyw

·····

Yr Hewl-ddu, Yr ’Ewl-ddu [ər hɛʊl ˡði:, ər ɛʊl ˡði:] (f) street ( = Yr Heol-ddu [ər he·ɔl ˡ ði:]
Also ’Rewl-ddu.
1846 Voters’ Register: “Ewlddu”


(delwedd 5950)

.
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hewlydd, ’ewlydd [ˡhɛʊlɪð, ˡɛʊlɪð] (pl) streets, roads. See hewl [ˡhɛʊl].
·····

hi, ’i [hi:, hɪ / i:, ɪ] (pronoun) she. Standard Welsh: hi [hi:, hɪ]
Also: ddi

Used in certain expressions with a verbnoun:
shapo-’i < i-shapo-’i (“her shaping of-her”; shaping it) get going
i-gwêd-’i’n hallt digynnig am.... give a real roasting to, lay into someone for (“her saying of-her very saltily...”, “its saying of-it very saltily...”; saying it)
yn clocsan-’i < yn i-chlocsan-’i walking in his / her / their etc clogs (“her clogging of-her”, “its-clogging of-it”; clogging it)

·····

hint, ’int [hɪnt, ɪnt] (nf) hint. Standard Welsh: awgrym [ˡaugrɪm], blaen gair [blaɪn ˡgaɪr]
hints [ɪnts, hɪnts] (pl) hints. Standard Welsh: awgrymiadau [augrəɪmˡja·daɪ]
From English HINT

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hinto, ’into [ˡhɪntɔ, ˡɪntɔ] (v) hint. Standard Welsh: awgrymu [auˡgrəmɪ]
(HINT = hint, suggestion) + (-O verb suffix) > HINTO > ’INTO

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hipo , ’ipo [ˡi·pɔ] (adv) past. Standard Welsh: heibio [ˡhəɪbjɔ]. See HEIPO

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hirath, ’irath [ˡhi·raθ, ˡi·raθ] (nm) longing, nostlagia. Standard Welsh: hiraeth [ˡhi·raɪθ]
cɛl pwl o irath feel a bout of nostalgia
HIRATH > ’IRATH

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Hirwan, ’Irwan [ˡhɪrwan, ˡɪrwan] (nf) village name. Standard Welsh: Hirwaun [ˡhɪrwaɪn, ˡhɪrwɛn]
ar Irwan in Hirwaun
Mi-ddigwyddas-i gwrdd ag a ar ’Irwan i happened to meet him in Hirwaun (Y Darian. 6 Mawrth 1914. Llythyrra [sic] Sion Sana. “Mi ddigwyddas i gwrdd ag a ar Hirwan”).

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Hirweuniad [hɪrˡwəɪnjad] (nf) inhabitant of Hirwaun. Standard Welsh: Hirweuniad [hɪrˡwəɪnjad]
Tarian y Gweithiwr. 6 Gorffennaf 1877. HIRWAUN - TRIOEDD. Tri pheth y mae yr Hirwauniaid yn methu eu deall: Y fasnach, tai tlawd, a'r Board of Guardians. Three things the people of Hirwaun don’t understand: the market / trade, poor houses, and the Board of Guardians.

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hito, ’ito [ˡhi·tɔ, ˡi·tɔ] (v) heed, worry. Standard Welsh: hidio [ˡhɪdjɔ]
on’ pi%%twch ’ito but don’t worry. Standard Welsh: ond peidiwch â hidio)

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hitshwr, ’itshwr [ˡhɪʧʊr, ˡɪʧʊr] (nm) mineworker who couples or uncouples coal trams. Standard Welsh: hitsiwr [ˡhɪʧʊr]
Dic yr ’Itshwr
(Adapted from Tarian y Gweithiwr. 2 Tachwedd 1905) Dic ( = Dick, Richard) the Hitcher – name of a mineworker)
From English HITCHER, with Welsh agent suffix -WR replacing English agent suffix -ER; HITSHWR > ITSHWR, if not HITSH- (stem of the verb HITSHO) + (-WR agent suffix)

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hocan, ’ocan [ˡho·kan, ˡo·kan] (v) haggle over a price. Standard Welsh: dadlau (ynghylch pris) [ˡdadlaɪ əˡŋhilx ˡpri:s]
English HAWK ( = to peddle) > (HOC-) + (-AN verbal suffix) > HOCAN > OCAN (loss of initial H)

hoi, ’oi [hɔɪ, ɔɪ] (interjection) Oy! Hey! = call to attract attention. Standard Welsh: hoi [hɔɪ]

(delwedd 5774)

Y diweddar Dr. Rees, ABERTAWE.

Siop y Seren, 4, Heol Fawr, Abertawe.

Hoi! Hoi! Hoi! Stoped pawb i ddarllen hwn!

DYMA'R Siop am fargen na welodd y byd erioed o'r blaen y fath beth o ddyddiau Adda Jones hyd ddyddiau Jumbo fawr ac Alice! Y mae Mr. P. Giles, o'r siop uchod, wedi trefnu i roddi cyfle i bawb o bobl y byd i gael darlun ardderchog o'r diweddar anfarwol Dr. Rees, Abertawe, cadeirydd Undeb Cynulleidfaol Cymru a Lloegr, trwy brynu
Un Pwys (1lb. only) o De 2s, 6c. YN Y SIOP UCHOD.

The late Dr. Rees, SWANSEA. The. Star Shop, 4, High Street, Swansea. Hey! Hey! Hey! Everyone stop to read this! This is the Shop for a bargain that the world has never seen before from the days of Adda Jones to the days of big Jumbo and Alice! Mr. P. Giles, of the above shop, has arranged to give all the people of the world the opportunity to get an excellent picture of the late immortal Dr. Rees, Swansea, chairman of the Congregational Union of England and Wales, by purchasing One Weight (1lb. Only) from South 2s, 6p. IN THE ABOVE SHOP.

See also Shoni-hoi / Shoni-’oi (qv) contemptuous term for a collier

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hôl, ’ôl [ho:l, o:l] (nf) hall. Standard Welsh: neuadd [ˡnəɪað]
English HALL > Welsh HÔL > (loss of initial H) > Gwentian ’ÔL.

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holi, ’oli [ho·lɪ, o·lɪ] (v) question, interrogate, ask. Standard Welsh: holi [ˡho·lɪ]
’oli a ’ela (rwun) interrogate. Standard Welsh: holi a hela (rhywun)) (“ask and hunt”)

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hongan, ’ongan [ˡhɔŋan, ˡɔŋan] < (v) hang. Standard Welsh: hongian [ˡhɔŋjan]
Also hongad, ’ongad [ˡhɔŋad, ˡɔŋad]
yn y gwely yn ’ongan rint byw a marw in bed hovering between life and death

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honna, ’onna [ˡhɔna, ˡɔna] (pronoun f.) that there, that thing there, that person there. Standard Welsh: honna [ˡhɔna]

·····

honno, ’onno [ˡhɔnɔ, ˡɔnɔ] (pronoun f.) the female or the object of feminine gender mentioned but not present. Standard Welsh: honno [ˡhɔnɔ]

·····

hôp, ’ôp [ho:p, o:p] ( (nm) hope. Standard Welsh: gobaith [ˡgo·baɪθ]
PLURAL: hôps, ’ôps [ho:ps, o:ps] (pl). Standard Welsh: gobeithion [ˡgɔbəɪθjɔn]
Englishism. HOPE > Welsh HÔP (> Gwentian ’ÔP)

·····

#Horab / #’Orab [ho·rab, o·rab] (nm) chapel name. Standard Welsh: Horeb [ˡho·rɛb]
(presumed pronunciation; no examples to hand as yet)

·····
horswn, ’orswn [ˡhɔrsʊn, ˡhɔrsʊn] scamp, rascal. Standard Welsh: dihiryn [dɪˡhi·rɪn]
PLURAL: horswns, ’orswns [ˡhɔrsʊns, ˡhɔrsʊns] (pl). Standard Welsh: dihirod [dɪˡhi·rɔd]
ORIGIN: < English whore-son or whore’s son
·····

houl, ’oul [hɔɪl, ɔɪl] (nm) sun. Standard Welsh: haul [haɪl]
wilia am bopath dan ’oul talk about everything under the sun
säth yr ’oul saeth yr haul (Sunbeams, also reflection from a bright surface. Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October 1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.) (“(the) arrow (of) the sun”)

·····

howld on, ’owld on [hould ˡɔn, ould ˡɔn] (phrase) (Englishism) hold on = wait. Standard Welsh: aros funud [ˡa·rɔs ˡvi·nɪd] = wait a moment)
From English HOLD ON
·····

hufan, ’ufan [ˡhi·van, ˡi·van] (nm) cream. Standard Welsh: hufen [ˡhi·vɛn].
Also hyfan, ’yfan [ˡhəvan, ˡəvan]

·····

hunan, ’unan [ˡhi·nan, ˡi·nan] (pronoun) self. Standard Welsh: hun, hunan [hi:n, ˡhi·nan].
Plural: hunin, ’unin [ˡhi·nɪn, ˡi·nɪn]

ma%% dynnon mor barod i jijo dynnon erill wthtyn-nw u-’unin people are only too willing to judge other people by their own standards (“men / people are so ready to judge other men / people compared-to themselves”)

Tarian y Gweithiwr. 11 Chwefror 1897. ma dynon mor barod i jidgo dynon erill wthti nhw'u hunin

·····

Huwco, ’Uwco [hˡiukɔ, ˡiukɔ] (nm) Hugh. Standard Welsh: Huwco [ˡhiukɔ]
(HUW = Hugh) + (-CO diminutive suffix) > HUWCO (Gwentian ’UWCO (loss of initial H).

Possibly in imitation of SHANCO, diminutive form of SHENCYN. (SHANC-) + (-O, diminutive suffix).
(SHANC it seems was regarded as being the root form of SHENCYN, as an “E” is usually the result of vowel affection cause by the following “Y”. Cf TRAMP, TREMPYN (= tramp); PAC, PECYN (= pack) etc.
·····

hurto, ’urto [ˡhɪrtɔ, ˡɪrtɔ] (v) confuse. Standard Welsh: drysu [ˡ drəsɪ], hurtio [ˡhirtjɔ]
(HURT = confused) + (verbal suffix -IO) > HURTIO > Gwentian HURTO > ’URTO

·····

hwär, ’wär [wɛ:r, wa:r; hwɛ:r, hwa:r] (nf) sister (= chwaer [xwaɪr]).
’wiorydd [wɪˡo·rɪð] (pl) (= chwiorydd [xwɪˡo·rɪð])
ma%%n-nẁ’n ddwy ***wär they’re sisters (‘they are two sisters’)
·····
hwara, ‘wara [ˡwa·ra, ˡwa·ra] Standard Welsh (= chwarae [ˡxwa·raɪ]).

1/ (v) to play

’wara carda to play cards

2/ (nm) playing, play
’wara teg [ˡwa·ra ˡte:g] (phrase) fair play (= chwarae teg [ˡxwa·raɪ ˡte:g])
’wara teg, achan! (= chwarae teg, fachgen) fair play, my friend! 
’wara teg i ti fair play to you (= I have to grant that what you did or said was right)

(1) In the south, chw is reduced to hw, and in the south-east, the ‘h’ disappears CHW > HW > W
(2) A final ae [ai] is colloquially e. Along a broad south-west to north-east axis, it remains as e, but in the south-east, a final e > a. 

cäl ’wara teg i get to (do something) (according to one’s wishes)

The corresponding English idiom (have fair play to (do something)) is seen in John Gill - Perfections of God, a Standing rule to Try all Doctrines and Experience – 1770.


(delwedd 5921)

Rowch ’wara teg iddyn-nw be fair to them, treat them fairly (‘give fair play to them’)
·····
hwch, ’wch [hu:x, u:x] (nf) 1/sow; 2/ (formerly) pig. Standard Welsh: hwch [hu:x]


(delwedd 5632)

Y Darian. 20 Ebrill 1916. “Cefn Onn”. ...yn gwybod dim am danynt. Mae Cwm yr Aber [Abertridwr] yn gyfoethog mewn hen enwau swynol y dylid gwneud pob ymdrech i'w cadw mewn cof. Ceir yma y “Gwlaw-nant," “Beidy'r Wch," “Garth," "Craig yr Hufen”, etc. Clywais...

Beudy’r ’Wch (i.e. in Gwentian Buty’r ’Wch) a shed for raising a pig (literarally “cowshed of the pig”). The expression (buty’r ’wch) is noted in Ceinwen Thomas’s study of Nantgarw Welsh.

·····
hwech, ’wech [hwe:x, we:x] (num) six (Standard Welsh: chwech [xwe:x]):
***wech ffenast six windows

Bu ’wech ar ucan o gapeli yn y dre ’slawar dydd there were twenty-six chapels in the town in the past
·····
hwerthin, ’werthin [ˡhwɛrθɪn, ˡwɛrθɪn] (v) laugh (= chwerthin [ˡxwɛrθɪn]).
Also ’wyrthin [ˡwərθɪn]
’werthin fel ffwl laugh uncontrollably (‘laugh like a fool’)
’wyrthin fel sà collad arno laugh as though he was mad (‘as if there was a madness on him’)

O%%ddan-nw’n ’werthin yn iawn amdano they had a good laugh at him (“they were laughing to-a-great-degree about-him”)
·····
hwerw, ’werw [ˡwe·rʊ] (adj) bitter. (= chwerw [ˡxwe·rʊ]).

·····
hwilbar, ’wilbar [ˡhwɪlbar, ˡwɪlbar] (nf) wheelbarrow (Standard Welsh: berfa [ˡbɛrva]).

Plural hwilberi, ’wilberi [hwɪlˡbe·rɪ, wɪlˡbe·rɪ] (Standard Welsh: berfâi [bɛrˡvaɪ]).

bod yn ’wilbar feddw be as drunk as a lord (“wheelbarrow drunk”, i.e. as unsteady as a wheelbarrow)
·····

hwilia, ’wilia [ˡwɪlja, hwilia] (v) talk. (Standard Welsh = siarad [ˡʃa·rad])
Ultimately from CHWEDLEUA ((= CHWEDLEU-, penult form of CHWEDLAU = stories) + (the verbal suffix -A)).
CHWEDLAU is the plural of CHWEDL (= story, news).
The southern form was in fact HWEDDLEUA (with “dd”) > WEDDLEUA > WELEUA > WELI%%A > WILi%%A [wɪlˡïa] > WÍLI%%A
Other forms from this are LOUA (Ceredigion) and GWLEUA (Caerfyrddin)

Beth ti’n ’wilia? What are you talking about? (i.e. what nonsense are you telling me?) (“Pa beth yr wyt ti yn ei chwedleua?” = “what thing ar you in its saying”)

O%%n-nw'n ’wilia Sisnag fel ’sa-nw weti ciäl u-cwnni yn Lloegar They were speaking English as if they had been brought up in England

Pentan Siôn Ifan. Tarian y Gweithiwr. 11 Chwerfror 1897. Oen nhw'n whilia Sisnag fel sa nhw wedi cial 'u cwni yn Lloegar 

…..
hwilo, ’wilo [ˡwi·lɔ] (v) look for, seek (Standard Welsh: chwilio [ˡxwɪljɔ]).
’wilo am i-grys to look for his shirt
CHWILIO > HWILIO (> (Gwentian) HWILO (provection of initial final-syllable consonant D > T)
·····
hwimlid, ’wimlid [ˡhwɪmlɪd, ˡwɪmlɪd] (v) move (= symud [ˡsəmɪd]).
In the North the equivalent verb is “chwimiad”. In the South the basic form is “chwimlo”, with an intrusive “l”. Colloquially it is ‘hwimled’ in the South-west.
·····
hwiorydd, ’wiorydd [hwɪˡo·rɪð, wɪˡo·rɪð] (pl) sisters < HWIORYDD. See HWÄR [hwa:r, wa:r]
·····
hwispran, ’wispran [ˡhwɪspran, ˡwɪspran] (v) whisper (Standard Welsh: sibrwd [ˡsɪbrʊd]).
·····
hwith, ’with [hwi:θ, wi:θ] (nm, adj) left (= chwith [xwi:θ])
ar yr ochor ’with on the left, on the left-hand side
·····
hwnna, ’wnna [ˡhʊna, ˡʊna] that there, that thing there, that person there. Standard Welsh: hwnna [ˡhʊna]
ORIGIN: hwn yna (this + there)
·····
hwnnw, ’wnnw [ˡhʊnʊ, ˡʊnʊ] (he - the male or the object of masculine gender mentioned but not present). Standard Welsh: hwnnw [ˡhʊnʊ]
·····
hwntw, ’wntw [ˡhʊntʊ, ˡʊntʊ] (nm) southerner ( = person from South Wales). Standard Welsh: deheuwr [dɛˡhəɪʊr], hwntw [ˡhʊntʊ]
PLURAL: hwntws, wntws [ˡhʊntʊs, ˡʊntʊs] (pl) southerners. Standard Welsh: deheuwyr [dɛˡhəɪwɪr], hwntws [ˡhʊntʊs]
·····
hwrnu, ’wrnu [ˡhʊrnɪ, ˡʊrnɪ] (v) snore. Standard Welsh: chwyrnu [ˡxwərnɪ]
·····
hŵtar, ’ŵtar [ˡu·tar, ˡhu·tar] (nm) hooter. Standard Welsh: hwter [ˡhu·tɛr]
#hwteri, wteri [hʊˡte·rɪ, ʊˡte·rɪ] (pl). Standard Welsh: hwteri [hʊˡte·rɪ]
·····
hŵyl, ’ŵyl [huɪl, uɪl] (nf) fun. Standard Welsh: hŵyl [huɪl]
cäl ŵyl ddisprad have great fun
·····
hyfryd, ’yfryd [ˡhəvrɪd, ˡəvrɪd] (adj) pleasant. (Standard Welsh) hyfryd [ˡhəvrɪd]
·····
hyfrytwch, ’yfrytwch [həˡvrətʊx, əˡvrətʊx] (nm) pleasure. Standard Welsh: hyfrydwch [əˡvrətʊx].
HYFRYDWCH > (Gwentian) HYFRYTWCH (provection of initial final-syllable consonant D > T) > YFRYTWCH [əˡvrətʊx] ] (with “h” dropping)
·····
hynotrwdd, ’ynotrwdd [həˡnɔtrʊð, əˡnɔtrʊð] (nm) 1/ unique quality; 2/ strangeness, eccentricity. Standard Welsh: hynodrwydd [həˡnɔdrʊið]
HYNODRWYDD > (Gwentian) HYNODRWDD (simplifaction of final-syllable diphthong WY > W) > HYNOTRWDD (provection of initial final-syllable consonant D > T) > ’YNOTRWDD [əˡnɔtrʊð] (with “h” dropping)

xxxxx
Geiriadur Geiriau Cymraeg Camsillafedig (Sillafiadau Tafodieithol, Hynafol, Anarferol, Anghywir a Seisnegedig).
Geiriau Cymraeg nad yw yn y geiriaduron safonol - gellir gweld llawer ohonynt, ynglŷn â’u sillafiad safonol, yn y ddolen-gyswllt isod:

Dictionary of Misspelt Welsh Words (Dialectal, Archaic, Unusual, Incorrect and Anglicised Spellings).
Welsh words not listed in. Standard Welsh dictionaries - many might be found, along with their. Standard spelling, via the link below:

www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur-camsillafiadau_MORFIL_3525e.htm


(delwedd G4002b)

(Other spellings: halier, alier, haliar: English: hallier, allier, gallier)

Sumbolau:

a A / æ Æ / e E / ɛ Ɛ / i I / o O / u U / w W / y Y /
MACRONː ā Ā / ǣ Ǣ / t Ē / ɛ̄ Ɛ̄ / ī Ī / ō Ō / ū Ū / w̄ W̄ / ȳ Ȳ /
MACRON + ACEN DDYRCHAFEDIGː Ā̀ ā̀ , Ḗ ḗ, Ī́ ī́ , Ṓ ṓ , Ū́ ū́, (w), Ȳ́ ȳ́
MACRON + ACEN DDISGYNEDIGː Ǟ ǟ , Ḕ ḕ, Ī̀ ī̀, Ṑ ṑ, Ū̀ ū̀, (w), Ȳ̀ ȳ̀
MACRON ISODː A̱ a̱ , E̱ e̱ , I̱ i̱ , O̱ o̱, U̱ u̱, (w), Y̱ y̱
BREFː ă Ă / ĕ Ĕ / ĭ Ĭ / ŏ Ŏ / ŭ Ŭ / B5236ː B5237ː
BREF GWRTHDRO ISODː i̯, u̯
CROMFACHAUː ⟨ ⟩ deiamwnt
A’I PHEN I LAWRː ∀, ә, ɐ (u+0250) httpsː //text-symbols.com/upside-down/
Y WENHWYSWEG: ɛ ɛ̄ ǣ æ

ˈ ɑ ɑˑ aˑ aː / æ æː / e eˑeː / ɛ ɛː / ɪ iˑ iː ɪ / ɔ oˑ oː / ʊ uˑ uː ʊ / ə / ʌ /
ẅ Ẅ / ẃ Ẃ / ẁ Ẁ / ŵ Ŵ /
ŷ Ŷ / ỳ Ỳ / ý Ý / ɥ
ˈ ð ɬ ŋ ʃ ʧ θ ʒ ʤ / aɪ ɔɪ əɪ uɪ ɪʊ aʊ ɛʊ ɔʊ əʊ / £
ә ʌ ẃ ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ ẅ ẃ ẁ Ẁ ŵ ŷ ỳ Ỳ Hungarumlautː A̋ a̋

U+1EA0 Ạ U+1EA1 ạ
U+1EB8 Ẹ U+1EB9 ẹ
U+1ECA Ị U+1ECB ị
U+1ECC Ọ U+1ECD ọ
U+1EE4 Ụ U+1EE5 ụ
U+1E88 Ẉ U+1E89 ẉ
U+1EF4 Ỵ U+1EF5 ỵ
gyn aith δ δ £ gyn aith δ δ £ U+2020 †
« »

DAGGER
wikipedia, scriptsource. org
httpsː []//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ǣ

Hwngarwmlawtː A̋ a̋
gyn aith δ δ
…..
…..
ʌ ag acen ddyrchafedig / ʌ with acute accentː ʌ́

Ə́ ə́

Shwa ag acen ddyrchafedig / Schwa with acute

…..
…..
wikipedia,
scriptsource.[]org
httpsː//[ ]en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ǣ

---------------------------------------
Y TUDALEN HWN /THIS PAGE / AQUESTA PÀGINA:
www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/geiriadur-gwenhwyseg-saesneg_BATHOR_h_3571.htm

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