kimkat3572.
Geiriadur Saesneg a Chymraeg (Gwenhwyseg). A Dictionary of English and Welsh
(Gwentian dialect – the south-eastern dialect of Wales).
30-09-2024
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…..
(delwedd 5781f)
.....
(delwedd J6256b)
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_0934k.htm Y Wenhwyseg - y prif dudalen
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_2184c.htm El dialecte güentià del gal·lès - la pàgina
prinicipal
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_1004e.htm Gwentian dialect of Welsh – the main page
Xxx
i [ɪ] in Gwentian in a final
syllable for ai [aɪ] in standard Welsh: e.g. defaid > dēfid, llygaid > llycid, ychain > ychin
·····
i Disambiguation
(1)
preposition = to (standard Welsh i);
(2) personal pronoun = she (standard Welsh hi); see ***i
(3) first-person singual pronoun “fi” used as a preverbal particle (standard
Welsh fe); see ***i
(4) from the verb bod ‘to be’
1 i chi = you are (plural; formal
singular) (standard Welsh yr ych chi, yr
ydych chi); i chi? = are you?
(standard Welsh a ych (chi)?, a ydych (chi)?); i chi ddim (standard Welsh nid ych (chi), nid ydych (chi)). Here as
y^ch-chi, y^ch-chi?, y^ch-chi ddim
2 i
ti = you are
(informal singular) (standard Welsh yr wyt (ti), yr ydwyt (ti)); i ti? = are you? (standard Welsh a wyt
(ti)?, a ydwyt (ti)?); i ti ddim
(standard Welsh nid wyt (ti) (ddim), nid ydwyt (ti) (ddim); Here as y^t-ti,
y^t-ti ?, y^t-ti ddim
Xxxxx
1/ i [i:]
(preposition) to (followed by soft mutation of p c t; bg b d; m ll (rh)
····
2/ ’i [i:]
(personal pronoun) she
As an empty pronoun. ( = one that has no apparent meaning but is a necessary part of a phrase)
bagla ’i o ’ma! get away from here!,
be off with you!, run away! (baglu = run away, dash off)’’
gwân ’i odd’ ’mà! get
away from here!, away with you!, clear off! (gwanu = stab, prick, penetrate;
rush, dash)
·····
3/ ’i [i:]
(preverbal particle). Standard Welsh: fe
[ve:] southern, mi [mi] northern.) These were originally
the personal pronoun before a verb.
Mi a welais ( = (it is) I who saw)
became mi welais i (empty particle +
I saw + I), and in the north was used for all persons (mi welodd o, instead of fe
welodd o).
In the south generally, fe ( = he)
became the empty particle.
In Gwentian, the use of ***i ( = I)
was common (a variant form of fi,
with the loss of the initial [v], also used with a first-person singular
meaning in other contexts).
***i gwnson they got up. Standard Welsh: fe godasant; the
Gwentian form is actually equivalent to
fe gychwynasant in standard Welsh which
means ‘they began, they set out’)
The Welsh Personal Pronoun / T. Arwyn Watkins / (1977) Word 28:1-2
Speaking of the use of preverbal particles in
Llansamlet, Watkins states about the southern particles FE [ve:] and I [i:] (text slightly amended for clarity):
“Both are generalized preverbal particles, and they seem to be in free
variation. The preverbal particle is in fact only found in the spontaneous
speech of the oldest generation, and then only very infrequently. It seems to
indicate emphatic verbal amffirmation:
i we-les i e "I DID see
him";
ve na·θ e ve "He DID do
it"....
The “i” could be either a first-person singular pronoun “fi” (= I, me) /vi/ >
/i/ with the loss of the initial /v/;
or a third-person
singular feminine pronoun “hi”.
Since the first
singular form “mi” does occur in many dialects as a generalized preverbal
particle, whereas the third pcrson singular feminine form “hi”, as far as is
known, does not, it has been taken for granted that the first equation is the
right one.”
·····
4/ i [i:] (preposition + personal pronoun
adjective)
Corresponding to standard i’w = to him, to
her, to their – in Gwentian the two elements merge as one: i’i > i) (Here i’i is retained)
Also in Gwentian as i-ddi (dd separates the
two elements)
dōd i’i ddiwadd o dan
gwmp ( = dod i’w diwedd) die in a rockfall (‘come to his end under a fall’)
5/ i as a reduction of ai in a final syllable
(instead of “a”)
Tonrefil < Tonyrefail
Also merchid (= girls) as if from
merchaid; standard merched
Berw Nant yr Ychin (= Ychain) – “(the) waterfall (of) Nant yr
Ychain; “(the) stream (of) the oxen”)
·····
ïa [ˡi·a] (adv) yes. Standard Welsh: ïe [ˡi·ɛ]
·····
iäch, iach [jɛ:x, ja:x] (adj) healthy. Standard Welsh: iach [ja:x]
·····
i-chi [i: ˡxi] (v) 1/ you are, that-you-are.
( = yr ych chi [ər i:x ˡxi:]
i-chi’n gweld (yr ych chi’n gweld) = you see (depending on style and context, etc, the
verb BOD may be dropped leaving only chi’n gweld.
See y^ch-chi [i: ˡxi]
·····
i-ddi [ˡi·ðɪ]
(prep + possessive determiner) 1/ to his (+ soft mutation) 2/ to her (+
aspirate mutation) 3/ to their (no mutation follows). Standard Welsh: i’w [iu]
i-ddi
blant to his children. Standard Welsh: i’w blant
i-ddi
phlant to her children. Standard Welsh: i’w phlant
i-ddi
plant to their children. Standard Welsh: i’w plant
i -ddi dàla nw. (Standard Welsh: i’w dal hwy) to catch them
See
also i (5)
·····
idiöt [ˡidjət]
(nm) idiot.
Standard Welsh: ynfytyn [ənˡvətɪn]
paid acor d’ena, yr idiöt don’t open your mouth, you idiot; don’t
say a word, you idiot
·····
iechyd [ˡje·xɪd] (nm) health. Standard Welsh: iechyd [ˡje·xɪd]
iechyd
dä cheers! (a toast = ‘(your) good health’)
colli’ch
iechyd lose your health
·····
Iefan [ˡje·van] (nm) John. Standard Welsh: Ifan [ˡi·van]
Also: Efan [ˡe·van]
(Other spellings: older Welsh Jefan)
·····
ifa [ˡi·va] (sentence substitute)
Also iafa
1/ isn’t that right? isn’t that so?.
Standard Welsh: ai ef [ˡaɪ e:v];
2/ (interrogative particle) isn’t it (x)
(which is / was, etc). Standard Welsh: ai [aɪ];
·····
ifad [ˡi·vad] (v) drink. Standard Welsh:
yfed [ˡəvɛd]
·····
Iforiad Ivorite
. Standard Welsh: Iforiad [ɪˡvɔrjad]
Eisteddfod
Iforiaid Aber-dâr / Ivorites’ Eisteddfod Aber-dâr. Held in 1876.
(probably in Gwentian #’Steddfod Iforid
Aber-där’)
·····
ígnörans [ˡɪgnərans] (nm) ignorance. Standard Welsh: anwybodaeth [anˡuibo·daɪθ]
·····
i gyd [i: ˡgi:d] (adv) all. Standard Welsh: i gyd [i:
ˡgi:d]
An example of its use in a nickname
(equivalent to Ddwywaith = twice) is
when a forename and surname are the same.
Thus Jenkin Jenkins, or Siencyn Siencyn as
his name would have been in Welsh, a well-known nineteenth-century minister,
was known as Siencyn i Gyd ( = all Siencyn).
“Mae arnaf fi dri enw, Syr; yr un a fynoch ai Jenkin Jenkins, Siencyn i
Gyd, neu Siencyn Ddwywaith.”
(= I have three names (‘there are on me three names’), whichever you
want – Jenkin Jenkins, All Siencyn or Siencyn Twice)
(1803 (Llangyfelach) – 1886) Hanes Unwaith Am Siencyn Ddwywaith; Sef Y Pethau Mwyaf Hynod Yn Ei Fywyd,
Yn Nghyda Rhai Traethodau, A Thalfyriadau O’i Bregethau, &c., &c.;
Hefyd Ychydig Awgrymiadau Am Minnesota, A’r Cymry A Wladychant Yno.. ( = a
one-time history of Siencyn Twice; namely the most remarkable things in his
life, and abridged versions of his sermons, etc etc; also descriptions of
Minnesota, and the Welsh people dwelling there). Jenkin Jenkins. 1873. Remsen,
Efrog Newydd.. ( = New York)
www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_testunau/sion_prys_087_Siencyn Ddwywaith_1872_090106_2667k.htm)
i%%lod [ˡi·lɔd] (nm) 1/ member 2/ member of a chapel
(= aelod [ˡəɪlɔd]).
See EULOD
i%%lota [ɪˡlo·ta])
(pl) members (= aelodau [əɪˡlɔdaɪ])
See EULOD
i%%lwd [ˡi·lʊd]
(nf) hearth. Standard Welsh aelwyd [ˈei̯lʊi̯d].
See Gwentian eulwd [ˈei̯lʊd]).
·····
***int [ɪnt] (nf) hint. Standard Welsh: awgrym [ˡaugrɪm].
See HINT
·····
***into [ˡɪntɔ] (v) hint. Standard Welsh: awgrymu
[auˡgrəmɪ]. See HINTO
·····
insylto [ˡɪnsəltɔ] (v) insult. Standard Welsh: sarhau [sarˡhaɪ]
English TO INSÚLT. (INSÝLT) + (-IO verbal
suffix) > INSYLTIO > INSYLTO
·····
Iou [jɔɪ] (nm) Thursday; Jupiter. Standard Welsh: Iau [jaɪ]
dydd
Iou Thursday
·····
ionc [jɔŋk] (nm) fool, idiot. Standard Welsh: ffŵl [fu:l]
Short form of ioncyn = fool, idiot. From the forename Ioncyn = little John
Cf in other dialects iolyn = fool,
idiot, also the diminutive form of a forename, in this case Iorwerth (IOLO >
IOL- + diminutive suffix -YN).
·····
Iorath [ˡjo·raθ] (nm) forename. See Iorwarth [ˡjɔrwɛrθ]
·····
Iorwarth [ˡjɔrwarθ] (nm) forename. Standard
Welsh: Iorwerth [ˡjɔrwɛrθ]
Anglicised as Edward, although there is no real
connection – only an apparent similarity in form.
As
a surname it is found as Iorath [ˡjo·raθ] (spelt Yorath in English)
(IÔR = lord) + soft mutation + (GWERTH =
value, worth)
·····
ipish [ˡɪpɪʃ] (adj)
wild, furious. Standard Welsh: cynddeiriog [kənˡðəɪrjɔg], ffyrnig [ˡfərnɪg], gwyllt [gwɪɬt]
Sometimes as impish. See GPC.
ala rywun yn ipish wyllt make somebody furious (“send someone in
furious wild”)
From
English IMPISH (= like an imp).
·····
****ipo [ˡi·pɔ] (adv) past. Standard Welsh:
heibio [ˡhəɪbjɔ].
See HEIPO
·····
is [i:s]
(prep) below
Also as dis [di:s]
(prep) below
According to GPC, “dis” is found in Morgannwg and Gwent, especially in field
names.
Llanfair Isgoed > *Llanfar Disgod (“Llanfair Discoed”)
·····
***irath [ˡi·raθ] (nm) longing, nostlagia. Standard Welsh: hiraeth [ˡhi·raɪθ]. See HIRATH
·····
isha [ˡɪʃa] (adj) 1/ (comparison
between three or more) lowest 2/ (comparison between two) lower. Standard
Welsh: isaf [ˡɪsav]
·····
isha [ˡi·ʃa]
(Standard Welsh eisiau [ˡəɪʃaɪ] 1/ (nm) need, necessity 2/ (as quasi-verb) want. See (Gwentian)
EISHA
·····
Ishlaw’r-cōd [ˡɪʃlaur ˡko:d] (-)
place name. Standard Welsh: Islaw’r-coed [ˡɪslaur ˡkɔɪd]
(‘below the wood: (islaw = below) + (yr =
the) + (coed = wood))
"BEDWELLTY,
a parish in the lower division of the hundred of Wentllooge, in the county of
Monmouth, 7 miles to the W. of Pont-y-pool. Newport is its post town. It is
situated in a hilly district between the river Rumney, on the W., and the
Sirhowey on the E., and contains the chapelries of Rhymney and Tredegar, the
latter being now a market town, and the hamlets of Ishlawrcoed, Mamhole, and Uwchlawrcoed. The district is rich in
iron and coal, and is the seat of an extensive iron manufacture, giving
employment to above 1,300 hands. Between 3,000 and 4,000 persons are engaged in
the great ironworks and collieries in the vicinity." The National
Gazetteer of Great Britain and Ireland (1868).
·····
***itshwr [ˡɪʧʊr]
(nm) mineworker who couples
or uncouples coal trams. See HITSHWR
·····
i%%shta [ˡɪʃta] (v) sit. Standard Welsh: eistedd [ˡəɪstɛð]. See EISHTA
·····
ishta [ˡɪʃta] (prep) like. Standard Welsh: fel [vɛl]
Before
a vowel: ishtag [ˡɪʃtag]
ma%%-fa'n gwmws ishta'i-frawd he’s just like his brother
ishtag wyt ti such as you are
’r ***ên declyn balch ishtag wyt ti you cheeky old thing (‘the old proud instrument
(derogatory term for a person) like you are’)
ORIGIN:
contraction of yr un shẁd â (Standard Welsh: yr un sut â) (“the
same sort as”)
·····
ishws [ˡɪʃʊs] (adv) already. Standard Welsh: eisoes [ˡˈei̯sɔi̯s]
ishws a chynt already, previously (“already and
before”)
ISHWS < EISHWS < EISWS [ˈei̯sʊs] <
EISWYS [ˈei̯sʊs], an
alternative form of EISOES.
iss [ɪs] 1/ (sentence substitute) (in speaking
English, ‘yes’ was pronounced in this way by speakers with a poor command of
the language) (in fact, this is a form of ‘yes’ found in the West Country of
England e.g. Devon) 2/ (verb) the pronunciation of ‘is’ fomerly by
Welsh-speakers with a poor command of English
·····
i%%tha [ˡi·θa] (adv) quite. Standard Welsh: eithaf [ˡəɪθav]. See EITHA
·····
***i%%to [ˡi·tɔ]
(v) heed, worry. See HITO
·····
Geiriadur Geiriau Cymraeg Camsillafedig (Sillafiadau
Tafodieithol, Hynafol, Anarferol, Anghywir a Seisnegedig).
Geiriau Cymraeg nad yw yn y geiriaduron safonol - gellir gweld llawer
ohonynt, ynglŷn â’u sillafiad safonol, yn y ddolen-gyswllt isod:
Dictionary of Misspelt Welsh Words (Dialectal, Archaic,
Unusual, Incorrect and Anglicised Spellings).
Welsh words not listed in standard Welsh dictionaries - many might be found,
along with their standard spelling, via the link below:
www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur-camsillafiadau_MORFIL_3525e.htm
(delwedd G4002b)
Sumbolau:
a A / æ Æ / e E / ɛ Ɛ
/ i I / o O / u U / w W / y Y /
MACRONː ā Ā / ǣ Ǣ /
t Ē / ä Ä /
ī Ī / ō Ō / ū Ū / w̄ W̄ / ȳ Ȳ
/
MACRON
+ ACEN DDYRCHAFEDIGː Ā̀ ā̀ , Ḗ ḗ,
Ī́ ī́ , Ṓ ṓ , Ū́ ū́, (w), Ȳ́
ȳ́
MACRON + ACEN DDISGYNEDIGː Ǟ ǟ , Ḕ ḕ, Ī̀
ī̀, Ṑ ṑ, Ū̀ ū̀, (w), Ȳ̀ ȳ̀
MACRON ISODː A̱ a̱ , E̱ e̱ , I̱ i̱ , O̱
o̱, U̱ u̱, (w), Y̱ y̱
BREFː ă Ă / ĕ Ĕ / ĭ Ĭ / ŏ Ŏ / ŭ
Ŭ / B5236ː 
B5237ː 
BREF GWRTHDRO ISODː i̯, u̯
CROMFACHAUː ⟨ ⟩ deiamwnt
A’I PHEN I LAWRː ∀, ә, ɐ (u+0250) httpsː
//text-symbols.com/upside-down/
Y WENHWYSWEG: ä ǣ æ
ˈ ɑ ɑˑ aˑ aː / æ æː / e eˑeː / ɛ
ɛː / ɪ iˑ iː ɪ / ɔ oˑ
oː / ʊ uˑ uː ʊ / ə / ʌ
/
ẅ
Ẅ / ẃ Ẃ / ẁ Ẁ / ŵ Ŵ /
ŷ
Ŷ / ỳ Ỳ / ý Ý / ɥ
ˈ ð ɬ ŋ ʃ ʧ θ ʒ ʤ
/ aɪ ɔɪ əɪ uɪ ɪʊ aʊ ɛʊ ɔʊ
əʊ / £
ә ʌ ẃ ă ĕ ĭ ŏ
ŭ ẅ ẃ ẁ Ẁ ŵ ŷ ỳ Ỳ
Hungarumlautː A̋ a̋
U+1EA0 Ạ U+1EA1 ạ
U+1EB8 Ẹ U+1EB9 ẹ
U+1ECA Ị U+1ECB ị
U+1ECC Ọ U+1ECD ọ
U+1EE4 Ụ U+1EE5 ụ
U+1E88 Ẉ U+1E89 ẉ
U+1EF4 Ỵ U+1EF5 ỵ
g
yn 
aith
δ δ £ gyn 
aith
δ δ £ U+2020 †
« »
DAGGER
wikipedia, scriptsource. org
httpsː
[]//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ǣ
Hwngarwmlawtː A̋ a̋
g
yn aith
δ δ
…..
…..
ʌ ag acen ddyrchafedig / ʌ with acute
accentː ʌ́
|
Shwa ag acen ddyrchafedig / Schwa with acute |
…..
…..
wikipedia,
scriptsource.[]org
httpsː//[
]en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ǣ
---------------------------------------
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