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ENWAU HEOLYDD
YN GERNYWEG
Dyma arwydd wrth y fynedfa i
ystâd o dai yn Eglos Heyl (Phillack), Cernyw.
Erbyn hyn, ers 2009, y mae
orgraff safonol (nad yw wrth fodd pawb, rhaid dweud) a’r ffurfiau ar yr
arwydd yn wahanol i’r hyn a geir heddiw yn swyddogol.
.....
(Wicipedia: Ffordd o
sillafu'r iaith Gernyweg yw'r Ffurf Ysgrifenedig Safonol (Cernyweg: Furv
Skrifys Savonek), a grëwyd er mwyn "darparu orgraff dderbyniol,
gynhwysol a niwtral i gyrff cyhoeddus a'r system addysg". Roedd hyn yn
ganlyniad i broses a gychwynnwyd drwy greu corff cyhoeddus o'r enw “The
Cornish Language Partnership” (Keskowethyans an Taves Kernewek / Partneriaeth
yr Iaith Gernyweg), a welai angen cytuno ar un dull sillafu safonol er mwyn
rhoi terfyn ar anghytundeb y gorffennol ynglŷn â'r orgraff, sicrhau
cyllid oddi wrth y llywodraeth a chynyddu defnydd y Gernyweg yng Nghernyw... Daeth y cytundeb i fodolaeth
wedi degawdau o drafod ar ba orgraff ddylid defnyddio ar gyfer yr iaith yn
sgîl adfywiad yr iaith yn yr 20g.
Cytunwyd ar y ffurf newydd
fis Mai 2008 ar ôl dwy flynedd o drafod ac roedd wedi'i dylanwadu gan y
systemau sillafau blaenorol. Roedd y bwrdd trafod yn cynnwys aelodau o bob
prif gymdeithas iaith Gernyweg: Kesva an Taves Kernewek (Bwrdd yr Iaith Gernyweg), Kowethas an Yeth
Kernewek (Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gernyweg), Agan Tavas (Ein Tafod) a Cussel an
Tavas Kernuak (Cyngor y Tafod Cernyweg), ac fe dderbyniodd fewnbwn gan
arbenigwyr ac academyddion o Ewrop a'r Unol Daleithiau. Golygai'r cytundeb
i'r Gernyweg gael ei derbyn a'i hariannu'n swyddogol, gyda chefnogaeth oddi
wrth llywodraeth y DU a'r Undeb Ewropeaidd.
Ym Mehefin 2009,
pleidleisiodd Gorsedd Cernyw â mwyafrif mawr dros dderbyn y Ffurf
Ysgrifenedig Safonol.)
Dyma’r enwau ar yr arwydd a’u
hystyron hyd y gwelaf innau: (Ffurfiau
gwneud yw’r mwyaf, mae’n debyg. Efallai fod un neu ddau yn rhai
traddodiadol).
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Amal an
Avon [ˡa·mal
ən ˡa·vɔn]. Cymraeg: Ymyl yr Afon (sef “Penpol Creek”)
.....
Forth an Ula (Safonol: Fordh
an Oula) [fɔrð ən ˡu·la]. Cymraeg: Ffordd y Dylluan
.....
Forth an Streth
(Safonol: Fordh an Stredh [fɔrð ən ˡstre:ð].).
Cymraeg: Ffordd y Nant. (O bosibl yr un gair ag “ystrad” yn
Gymraeg yn ôl
Ken George, An Gerlyver Meur, sef Y Geiriadur Mawr, 2020). Enw yn cyfeirio
eto at “Penpol Creek”, debyg iawn
......
Forth an Tewennow
(Safonol: Fordh an Tewennow [fɔrð ən teˡwɛn:ɔw]). Cymraeg: Ffordd y
Twyni Tywod / Tywodfryniau]. Cyfateb i'r Gymraeg *tywynau y mae
"tewennow". Gwelir y ffurf unigol “tywyn” mewn enwau lleoedd
yng Nghymru, megis Tywyn, Meirionnydd. (Mae lle yma o’r enw The Towans neu Phillack
Towans gerllaw, a dyna’r esboniad ar enw’r heol, yn debyg iawn).
.....
Forth an Tre (Y mae yma
gamgymeriad – y treiglad meddal yn eisiau) (Safonol: Fordh an
Dre [fɔrð ən ˡdre:]). Cymraeg: Ffordd y Dre.
.....
Gwel Tek [gwe:l ˡte:k]).
Cymraeg: Maes Teg / Llain Deg. Yn ôl Oliver Padell (Cymrawd Ymchwil
Anrhydeddus yn Adran Eingl-Sacsonaidd, Norseg a Cheltaidd Prifysgol
Caergrawnt ac Athro Gwadd Astudiaethau Celtaidd ym Mhrifysgol Gorllewin
Lloegr; awdur “Cornish Place Names” 1988) mae “gwel” yn cyfateb o bosibl i’r
Gymraeg “gwäell” (hynny yw ”gwäell, gwaell; (De Cymru) gwâll). = sgiwer;
llafn hirfain o fetel a ddefnyddir wrth rostio cig). “Llain cul o dir”
fyddai’r ystyr mewn enwau lleoedd ar y cychwyn.
.....
Chy an Dowr (Safonol: Chi an
Dowr neu Chi’n Dowr [ʧi: ən ˡdɔʊr,
ʧi:n ˡdɔʊr]). Cymraeg: Tŷ’r dŵr (hynny yw, wrth
“Penpol Creek”).
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Gwarth an Dre. Ni wn
yn union beth yw’r enw hwn ond yr wyf yn amau bod yma gamraniad a “Gwartha’n
Dre” sydd yma < Gwartha
an Dre < Gwarthav an Dre. Felly: (Safonol: Gwartha’n
Dre [gwarθan ˡdre:],
Cymraeg: Pen y Dre. Yn nhref Hellys / Helston y ceir yr un enw ar heol
yno hefyd, mewn
ffurf rannol Seisnigedig - Gwarth-an-Drea. “Lle
uchaf, pen, top” yw
gwartha / gwarthav; yr un gair yn Gymraeg
(gwartha / gwarthaf) a’r un
ystyr. Yn ôl GPC (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru) y mae yn Sir Fynwy, yn
Llan-gwm Isaf, le o’r enw Gwartha-cwm (Gwartha’r-cwm, a’r fannod
wedi ei gollwng?)
.....
Gweal Gollas (Safonol: Gwel
an Gollas / Gwel Gollas [gwe:l ən ˡgɔl:as, gwe:l ˡgɔl:as]).
Cymraeg: Maes y Llwyn Cyll / Llain y Llwyn Cyll. Y gair “gwel” mewn gwisg
Saesneg yw “gweal”.
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STREET NAMES IN CORNISH
This is a sign at the entrance to a housing estate in Eglos Heyl (Phillack),
Cornwall.
Since 2009, there has been a standard orthography (not to everyone's liking) and the spellings of the sign are different from what is the official spelling today.
.....
(Wikipedia: The Standard Written Form (Cornish: Furv Skrifys Savonek) is a
way of spelling the Cornish language, created to "provide an acceptable,
inclusive and neutral orthography for public bodies and the education
system". T
The Standard Written Form or SWF (Cornish: Furv Skrifys Savonek) of the
Cornish language is an orthography standard that is designed to "provide
public bodies and the educational system with a universally acceptable,
inclusive, and neutral orthography". It was the outcome of a process
initiated by the creation of the public body Cornish Language Partnership,
which identified a need to agree on a single standard orthography in order to
end previous orthographical disagreements, secure government funding, and
increase the use of Cornish in Cornwall... The agreement came into being after decades of debate on what
orthography should be used for the language in the wake of the revival of the
language in the 20th century.
The new format was agreed in May 2008 after two years of debate and was
influenced by the previous syllabus systems. The discussion board consisted
of members from all major Cornish language societies: Kesva an Taves Kernewek
(Cornish Language Board), Kowethas an Yeth Kernewek (Cornish Language
Society), Agan Tavas (Our Tongue) and Cussel an Tavas Kernuak (Council of the
Cornish tongue), and received input from experts and academics from Europe
and the United States. The agreement meant that Cornish was officially
accepted and funded, with support from the UK government and the European
Union.
In June 2009, the Gorsedd of Cornwall voted with a large majority to accept
the Standard Written Form.)
These are the names on the sign and their meanings are as far as I can see: (Most are invented
names. One or two may be
traditional).
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Amal the Avon [ˡa · mal ən ˡa · vɔn]. English: Riverside
(the
river is "Penpol
Creek")
.....
Forth an Ula (Standard: Fordh an Oula) [fɔrð ən ˡu · la].
English: Owl Road
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Forth an Streth (Standard: Fordh an Stredh [fɔrð ən ˡstre:
ð].). English: Stream Road, Brook Road. (Possibly the same word as
"Ystrad" in Welsh according to Ken George, An Gerlyver Meur, Y Geiriadur Mawr, 2020). This name too
refers to "Penpol
Creek", very probably.
......
Forth an Tewennow (Standard: Fordh an Tewennow [fɔrð ən teˡwɛn:
ɔw]). English: Sand Dunes Road]. "Tewennow"corresponds
to Welsh *tywynau. The singular form “tywyn” is found in Welsh place names
e.g. Tywyn, Meirionnydd. the name of a English equivalent * toes.
(There's a place here called The Towans or Phillack Towans nearby, and this most
likely accounts for the road name.
.....
Forth an Tre (There is a mistake here - the soft mutation is missing)
(Standard: Fordh an Dre [fɔrð ən ˡdre:]). English: Town Road.
.....
Gwel
Tek [gwe:l ˡte: k]). English: Fair Field. According to Oliver Padell (Honorary
Research Fellow in the Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic Department of Cambridge
University and Visiting Professor of Celtic Studies at the University of the
West of England; author of "Cornish Place Names" 1988) "gwel" probably corresponds to Welsh "gwäell / gwaell / (South
Wales) gwâll” = skewer; a long pin of metal used in roasting meat; a knitting
needle). In the first
instance, in place names it probably
menat "a narrow strip of
land".
.....
Chy an Dowr (Standard: Chi an Dowr or Chi an Dowr [ʧi: ən ˡdɔʊr, ʧi: n ˡdɔʊr]).
English: Waterhouse, House by the Water or the Brook (that is, by "Penpol Creek").
.....
Gwarth an Dre. I don't know exactly what this name is but I suspect there is false division here and it should be "Gwartha’n Dre" < Gwartha an Dre < Gwarthav an Dre. Thus: (Standard:
Gwartha'n Dre [gwarθan ˡdre:], English: Top of the Town. In the town of Hellys / Helston a road there also bears this same name, in a partly Anglicised form – “Gwarth-an-Drea.” Gwartha / gwarthav means “top, summit”.
There is the same word in Welsh (“gwartha / gwarthaf) with the same meaning. According to
Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / the University of Wales Dictionary in Llan-gwm
Isaf in Sir Fynwy / Monmouthshire there is a place callewd Gwartha-cwm (would this be Gwartha'r-cwm with the linking
definiie article dropped?) (= (the) top (of) the valley).
.....
Gweal
Gollas (Standard: Gwel an Gollas / Gwel Gollas
[gwe:l ən ˡgɔl:as, gwe:l ˡgɔl:as]). English: Hazel Grove Firld. The word "gweal" is “gwel” with an English
spelling.
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