kimkat0186e Wales And Her Language Considered From A Historical, Educational And Social Standpoint
John E. Southall. 149 Dock Street, Newport, Mon. 1892.
31-05-2017

 

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Wales And Her Language Considered From A Historical, Educational And Social Standpoint  With Remarks On Modern Welsh Literature And A Linguistic Map Of The Country.
John E. Southall. 149 Dock Street, Newport, Mon. 1892.

 


APPENDIX 385




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376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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APPENDIX.

A. Gavel Kind.

Was a Celtic custom, whereby if a man died without a will his real property was divided equally among his children.

Relics of this still survive in lient. Copyhold and freehold lands Monmouth, Usk and Trelleck, descend equally among Male descendants. Those of Archenfield, Herefordshire, among the Males and in default among the Females.— -See Stone's, Nonoay in June, p. 58.

(?) Does Gavel =GafEael.

B. Welsh Personal Names, pbincipally BBLONGiNa to the Eably Middle Ages.



JJAMES

 OP MEN.


 Aiddan

 Ceri

 Gwestl

 Xefydd

 Aneurin

 Cyfeiliog

 Gwytherin


 Alun

 Cadfan

 Gwyndaf

 Parain

 Arthur

 Cynan

 Gwyddno

 Padarn


 Coel

 Geraint

 Peris

 Bryneich

 Cynddylan

 Gwrthegon


 Buau

 Cadwallawn


 Rhystyd

 Baglan

 Caradoc

 Hyohan

 Rhun

 Beuno

 Cadwgan

 Hywel

 Rhufawr Rhidian

 Cybi

 Dyfau

 Hid

 Rhydderch

 Cynidr

 Doged

 Idris

 Rhys

 Cynog

 Derfel

 Illtyd


 Caredig

 Dyfrig

 Ithel

 Silin

 Ceitho


 Idloes

 Senor

 Cranog

 Bdeyrn

 Ifor

 Seisyllt

 Cynllo

 Eilian



 Cadoc

 Eurgrad

 Llywarch

 Twrog

 Cawrdaf

 Egwad

 Lliichaiarn

 Tyssilio

 Cenych

 BUyw

 Llywelj-n

 Tyfrydog

 Collin

 Einion


 Tyfaelog

 Crwst

 Bgryn

 Meugan

 Tegwy

 Cadwaladr

 Erbin

 Meurig

 Teilo

 Cedwyn


 Madoc

 Trillo

 Crallo

 Gwynlliw

 Mabon

 Tanawg

 Cynfant

 Gwalchmai

 Morien

 Tegid

 Cadivor

 Gwynio


 Taliesin


 NAMES 05

 ' WOMEN.


 Arianrod

 Eilineth

 Gwenhwyfar

 Nevyn

 Arianwen

 Eigen

 Gwenllian

 Nest

 Arddun

 Elian




 Brfyl

 Honn

 Onnen

(Continued p. 386.)


ccc

 

 

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386


APPENDIX.


Oathin

Ceindrych

Ceinwen


Burgain

Bnvail

Enid


Olweii


Rhuddlad Khiengar


Myllen

Macbes

Madrud

Morfudd

Denys* Gwladys Myfanwy

Gwen Tybie

Tydfil Most of the above are names of so-called Saints, many of them are to to be found in " Bonedd y Saint," I only give a, selection, more might be added.

C. "The Welsh Note."

The idea is that if you shut Welsh out of the schoolroom and the playground, you are in that way likely to teach English better. There is a plan by which if a boy is heard to speak a word of Welsh, a piece of stick or board, about a finger's length, is taken out of the master's desk, with the letters W.N. on it, meaning " Welsh Note." This is handed to the child, if he has it in his possession at the close of the school, is to be punished. This child is not now thinking of his lesson; he is very anxious to find somebody who speaks Welsh, in order to hand the W.N. on to him. — Dan. I. Davies' evidence before Education Commission, 1886, Newport Ed., p. 19.

[The custom is nearly, if not quite obsolete.— J. E. S.]

D. Teachers' Replies.

Tabulated Statement of Teacher's Replies, in 1885, to fthe question.— " Do you consider that advantage would result from the introduction of the Welsh language as a ' specific subject ' into the coiirse of elementary education in Wales?


County.

 Affiraiative.

 Negative.

 Neutral.

 Total.

 Anglesey

 20

 10

 3

 33

 Carnarvon

 38

 30

 2

 70

 Denbigh

 19

 18

 3

 40

 Flint

 8

 13

 1

 22

 Merioneth

 29

 12

 2

 43

 Montgomery . . .

 19

 17
36

 Cardigan

 33

 18

51

 Radnor

 4

 4

 1

 9

 Brecknock

 10

 10

 1

 21

 Pembroke

 18

 21

 6

 45

 Carmarthen

 34

 25

 3

 62

 Glamorgan

 77

 48

 7

 . 132

 Monmouth

 ... 27

 23

 3

 53

 Oswestry district

 1

 5

 3

 6

 Anonymous

 2

 3


 5

 Total

 ... 339

 .. 257

 . 32

 . 628

 Affirmi

 itive majority 82



• Dinas Powis— should be Denys Powis-Denys was a Princess of Powis. " The Llafar gwlad is right and the bookmen are wrong" says a Monmouthshire friend of mine.


APPENDIX.

 

 

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387


It must be borne in mind that some teachers -n-ere on the negative tide, evidently as a result of the system whereby the Government has ignored education in Welsh at the Training Colleges, and that they felt themselves incompetent to teach it.

E. Welsh in Monmouthshibb.

The following indieates the number of Meeting houses in Monmouthshire where Welsh is regularly preached, at least once a week. —

Baptist 52

Congregational ... 37

Calvinistic Methodist 37

Wesleyan ... ... 7

Episcopalian ... 5

In all probability there are more members and attendants in connection with these, the hindermost tail (yeoyraphically) of Welsh Ecclesiasticism than there are Quakers in all Great Britain. I may not be absolutely correct to one or two units, the real discrepancy, if any, is but small.


F. The Census

 OF 1891— Population of Welsh Cou

 NTIES.

 {Returns

 as to Lanyuage not yet puhluhed).


 Anglesey

 .50,379

 Glamorganshire

 687,147

 Brecknockshire

 57,031

 Merionethshire

 49,204

 Cardiganshire

 62.596

 Monmouthshire

 252,260

 Carmarth ensh ire

 130,574

 M ontgomery shire

 58,003

 Carnarvonshire

 118,226

 Pembrokeshire

 89,125

 Denbighshire

 117,950

 Radnorshire

 ,21,791

 Flintshire

 77,189




 Total ... 1,771,174


G. Welsh Ubban Sanitaey Disteicts, 1891.


Aberavon ...

 6,281

 Bridgend

 4,759

 Aberdare

 38,513

 Briton Ferry

 5,778

 Abergavenny

 7,640

 Brynmawr ...

 6,330

 Abergele and Peusarn

 1,981



 Abersychan

 15,296

 Caerleon

 1,411

 Abertillery

 9,138

 Cardiff

 128,849

 Aberystwitii

 6,696

 Cardigan

 3,447



 Carmarthen...

 10,338

 Bala

 1,622

 Carnarvon ...

 9,804

 Bangor

 9,892

 Chepstow ...

 3,378

 Barmouth ..

 2,045

 Colwyn Bay & Colwyn

 4,750

 Barry and Cadoxton . . .

 13,268

 Conway

 3,467

 Beaumaris ...

 2,202

 Cowbridge ...

 1,377

 Bethesda ...

 5,799

 Criccieth

 1,410

 Blaenavon ...

 11,454



 Brecknoek ...

 5,794

 Denbigh

 6,412


 

 

image1232

388

 APPENDIX.


 Ebbw Vale ...

 17,025

 Neath

 11,157



 Newport

 54,695

 l<'estiniog ...

 11,073

 New Quay ...

 1,284

 Flint

 5,247

 Newtown and Llanllwchaiarn ...

 6,610

 Haverfordwest

 6,179



 Hay

 1,830

 Oswestry (Salop)

 8,496

 Holyhead ...

 8,726

 Oystermouth

 3,698

 Holywell

 3,018





 . Panteg

 5,763

 Kidwelly

 2,732

 Pembroke ...

 14,978

 Knighton

 1,650

 Penarth

 12,422



 Penmaenmawr

 2,710

 Lampeter ...

 1,569

 Pontypool ...

 5,842

 Llandilo

 1,714

 Pontypridd...

 19,971

 Llandovery ...

 1,742

 Presteigne ...

 1,360

 Llandudno ...

 7,300

 Pwllheli

 3,232

 Llanelly

 23,937



 Llanfairfechan

 2,407

 Rhyl

 6,491

 Llanfrechfa, Upper ...

 2,780

 Khymney

 7,733

 Llanfyllin ...

 1,753

 Kisoa

 7,780

 Llangefni

 1,624

 Ruthin

 2,760

 Llangollen ...

 3,225



 Llanidloes ...

 2,574

 Swansea

 90,423

 Llantarnam...

 4,905





 Tenby

 4,542

 Maesteg

 9,417

 Towyn

 3,294

 Margam

 6,274

 Tredegar

 17,484

 Menai Bridge

 1,679

 Trefonen (Radnorshire)

 784

 Merthyr Tydfil

 58,080



 Milford

 4,070

 Usk

 1,417

 Mold

 4,457



 Monmouth ...

 5,470

 Welshpool ...

 6,489

 Montgomery

 1,098

 Wre.xham ...

 12,552

 Mountain Ash

 17,495





 Ynyscynhaiaru

 5,224

 Nantyglo and Blaina

 12,360

 Ystradyfodwg

 88,350


H. Pbopobtion of Vowels and Consonants in Welsh and English.— (.See p. 260) We judge that what makes Welsh Cynghanedd possible, is the near proportion between the number of consonants and vowels in the formationof the words, together with the fact, that their proper sound is given to both classes of letters. In English. lrish,aaelic and French, there are a great number of unsounded consonants * * But there is a notable proportion in Welsh, as may be seen from the following examples— Out of 657 Welsh letters contained in eighteen lines of a book opened at random, 331 were



 

 

image1233

APPENDIX. 389


vowels and 326 consonants, only a difference of Ave; out of the same number of English letters, 264 were vowels, 393 consonants, a difference of 129. Again in twelve lines of a Welsh Cyivydd, there were found 115 vowels, and 113 consonants, while in the English, out of the same number there were 95 vowels, and 133 consonants: under these conditions, [in the case of English], it is clear Cynghanedd is impossible. (Translated from Yr Adolygydd, Cyf. ii. t. 418.)

I. The "Columbia" (Ajiekican) on Welsh Litebatukb.

" Even in the Nineteenth Century,'' (so says a writer in the American journal Columhia) "Wales has produced poets who, in real poetic inspiration, in exalted imagination, in charming simplicity and beauty of style, are scarcely inferior to the world's master poets. The Welsh mind is original, and there is in her literature a wealth of literary treasure of which now the Welsh language is the sole repository. — From a Cardiff Paper.

J. " Echoes feom the Welsh Hills."

The inhabitants of Wales have clung so tenaciously to their language, that during the last fifty years they have formed a new literature in their own tongue. This, when we consider its youth, bears no mean comparison for insight, beauty and force with the religious literature— for the literature of Wales is essentially religious — of any modern nation.

The inconvenience consequent on the motley character of the English language, as it regards the education and instruction of the English language, is beyond belief to those who have carefully considered the matter.

* * * )t * *

It is a great advantage to have in common use a language that is self-included, and that cannot fail to be understood in any of its combinations and compounds, even to the full extent of modern discoveries, by the mass of the people. To revert to the word " Omniscience," is there a Welsh beggar-woman ninety years of age who could by any considerable possibility, misunderstand it? " Holhuybodaeth" —i\\w& it is patently and infallibly comprehended by all men of our nation. And so on, ad infinitum.— {Extracted from p.p. 179, 180, 183)

[It is surprising how few Welsh writers have realized this, it is in fact only to be realized by comparisons which many of them have not had full opportunities to make.]'^J. E. S.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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