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(delwedd E6607) (tudalen 600)
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ñ6oO
XII. OF PROSODY. unnoticed. Shakspeare himself provides us with some very pretty
samples of alliteration. If what in rest you haue, in right you hold. King
John, iv. 2. 55. Fear'd by their breed, and famous for their birth. King
Richard II, ii. I. 52. One of the boldest poets in its use is Spenser, as — Much
daunted with that dint her sense was daz'd. Add faith unto your force, and be
not faint. Sober he seemde, and very sagely sad. The Faery Queene, i. 1. 18.
19, 29. In Blew Cap for Me, a ballad of the time of James I t is this sounding
alliterative line: — A haughty high German of Hamborough towne. Alliteration
is found in every poet: Yet held it more humane, more heavenly, first By
winning words to conquer willing hearts. John Milton, Paradise Regained, i.
221. The French came foremost, battailous and bold. Fairfax, Tasso, i. 37. Talk
with such toss and saunter with such swing. Crabbe, Parish Register, Part II.
The ploughman homeward plods his weary way. Gray, Elegy. Weel waled were his
wordies I ween. Joanna Baillie, Wood and Married and a. Now, tho' my lamp was
lighted late, there's One will let me in; — Alfred Tennyson, The May Queen.
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(delwedd E6608) (tudalen 601)
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ñ1.
SOUND AS AN ILLUSTRATIVE AGENCY. 6d A very good example, and one which, from
the coincidence of the emphasis with the alliteration, recalls the ancient
models, is this from Cowper's Garden: — He settles next upon the sloping
mount, Whose sharp declivity shoots oft' secure From the dash'd pane the
deluge as it falls. The Christian Year affords some very graceful examples: Ye
whose hearts are beating high With the pulse of Poesy. That thine angels'
harps may ne'er Fail to find fit echoing here. Palm Sunday. 628 a. The
ancient practice of alliteration has had some permanent effects on the stock
phraseology of the language. It is doubtless the old poetic sound that has
formed and guaranteed against the ravages of time such conventional O o O couplings
as these: — Cark and care. Fear nor favour. Kith and kin. Rhyme and reason. Safe
and sound. Sick nor sorry. Stocks and stones. True as touch. Faery Queene, i.
3. 2. Watch and ward. 490. Weal and woe. Weald and wold. Longfellow, Olqf,
xv. Wise and wary. Chaucer, Prologue, 1. 312. Wit and wisdom. ' Wind and
weather. The old word sooth survives in the compounds forsooth and
soothsayer, but not in its simple form, except in the
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(delwedd E6609) (tudalen 602)
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ñ6o2
XII. OF PROSODY. alliterative phrase sooth to say. In Saxon times the legal phraseology
was sometimes yoked together by alliteration, as in those famous formulae
which outlived their significance, sac and soc, toll and team. More recently
we see it in heraldic mottoes, as at Winchester in Manners makyth man; and at
Mells in Time irieth troth. A little attention might discover more instances,
shewing how dear to humanity is the very jingle of his speech, and how he
loves, even in his riper age, to keep up a sort of phantom of that harmony
which in his infancy blended sound and sense in one indistinguishable chime.
660 a. 629. The various kinds of by-play in poetry, such as alliteration,
rhyme, and assonance, seem all to harmonise with the accentuation. While
alliteration belongs naturally to a language which tends to throw its accent
as far back as possible towards the beginning of the word, rhyme and assonance
suit those which lean rather towards a terminal accentuation. Hence
alliteration is the domestic artifice of the Gothic poetry, as rhyme and
assonance are of the Romanesque. Rhyme has indeed won its way, not only in
England, but in nearly all the other seats of Gothic dialects; still it is in
the Romance literatures that we must observe it, if we would see it in the
full swing which it enjoys only in its native element. 630. Let us conclude
this section with an observation of a rhetorical kind in regard to the
illustrative energies of sound. A rich and various modulation is the
correlative of a richly variable collocation in matter of syntax. One
illustration of this may be gathered from the fact that all languages use
greater freedom of collocation in poetry than in prose; that is to say, in
the more highly modulated literature
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(delwedd E6610) (tudalen 603)
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ñI.
SOUND AS AN ILLUSTRATIVE AGENCY. 603 the freedom of displacement is greater.
Anything like the following would be simply impossible in English prose: — Who
meanes no guile be guiled soonest shall. The Faery Queene, iii. I. 54. Another
manifest illustration of the same lies in the fact that it is in the most
musical languages we meet with the extremest liberty of collocation. How
strangely variable was the collocation of the classical languages is pretty
well known to all of us, whose education consisted largely in 1 construing
Greek and Latin/ that is to say, in bringing together from the most distant
parts of the sentence the words that belonged to one another functionally. If
we have in English less of such violent and apparently arbitrary displacements,
it should be remembered that we also have less of musical animation to render
justice withal to the signification of such displacements. And further, if
the modern languages generally have less variation of arrangement than the
ancient classics had, it is supposed that even the most musical of the modern
languages are less musical than were the Greek and Latin. But in this sovereign
quality of music, a language is not doomed to be stationary. There is a
progress in this no less than in syntax. And as an argument that musical
progress has been made in English, we have only to reflect how modern is the
public sense of modulation, and the general demand that is made for ' good
reading.' All things are double over against one another; and the demand for
well-modulated reading is one indication that the power and range of modulation
is progressing. And with this modulatory progress there is certainly a
collocatory progress afoot. The proofs are not perhaps very conspicuous, but
they are visible to those who look for them, demonstrating that a
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(delwedd E6611) (tudalen 604)
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ñ604
XII, OF PROSODY. greater elasticity and freedom of displacement (so to speak)
are being acquired by the English language. 631. The following quotation
affords an example of the point and force that may be gained by displacement:
— by us. The sphere of our belief is much more extensive than the sphere of
our knowledge; and therefore, when I deny that the infinite can by us be known,
I am far from denying that by us it is, must, and ought to be, believed. —
Sir William Hamilton. In public speaking such a displacement would seem stilted,
and it would have a bad effect unless it were borne out by an extraordinarily
appropriate modulation. The illustrative utterance of the English language is
worthy of attention in the interest of national culture; for if all who have
something profitable to say were skilful modulators of their mother tongue,
they would find more docility in the ranks of the popular audience, and
better speed that moral improvement which lightens the cares and the expense of
government. 'The famous Bishop of Cloyne' seems to have been fully convinced
of this, when among his other queries, he put the following one: Q. Whether
half the learning of these kingdoms be not lost, for want of having a proper
delivery taught in our schools and colleges? 1 ' This query of Bishop
Berkeley's seems to imply that the modulation which makes the beauty of
Language ought always to accompany cultivated speech; — that such
accompaniment renders it more agreeable and more persuasive, more effective
also for the conveyance of meaning and the diffusion of knowledge; — that a
melodious command of the mother tongue is the natural and proper finish of a
high
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(delwedd E6612) (tudalen 605)
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ñ1
Thomas Sheridan, Lectures on the Art of Reading, third ed. London 1787; P- 1J
7
2. SOUND AS A FORMATIVE AGENCY. 605 education, and that something is wanting
to the humanizing instrumentality of Speech unless it have the support and illustrative
cooperation of Noble Sound.
2. Of Sound as a Formative Agency. 632. We now proceed to consider sound as a
power which affects the forms of words. The attention must be directed to the
accentuation and its consequences. 1. The simplest instance is where the
accent has a conservative effect upon the accented syllable, while the
unaccented syllable gradually shrinks or decays. Thus, in the word goodwife
the accented syllable was preserved in its entirety, while the second
syllable shrank up into such littleness as we are familiar with in the form
of goody. This is a plain example of a transformation conditioned by the incidence
of sound. In American literature the word grandsire has assumed the form of
grandsir from the same cause \ The accented syllable remains complete, while
the unaccented dwindles. The following quotation will be sufficient to establish
the fact: — Viewing their townsman in this aspect, the people revoked the
courteous doctorate with which they had hitherto decorated him, and now knew him
most familiarly as Grandsir Dolliver. . . . All the younger portion
1 I have to thank Mr. Charles E. Stratton, of Boston, U. S., for a useful observation.
He writes: ' The form grandsir is of common use only in the country districts
and among the farming class (and only in New England, I think), and would
never be used, except in quotation, by educated people.' That is to say, the
natural form has suffered restoration in America just as it has with us in
England. Already, so early as the fifteenth century, we find the form which
is now discarded on both sides of the Atlantic. In that treasury of English,
the Paston Letters, No. 225 (ed. Gairdner) it stands: 'she was maried to Sir
Hug' Fastolf, graunsir to this same Thomas.'
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(delwedd E6613) (tudalen 606)
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ñ6o6
XII. OF PROSODY. of the inhabitants unconsciously ascribed a sort of aged
immortality to Grandsir Dolliver's infirm and reverend presence. — Nathaniel
Hawthorne. The way in which the accent has wrought in determining the
transformation of words from Latin into French, has been briefly and
effectively shewn by M. Auguste Brachet, in his Historical Gra?nmar of the
French Tongue. The unaccented parts have often lost their distinct
syllabification, while the syllable accented in Latin has almost become the whole
word in French. Thus —
Latin. French. angelus ange computum compte debitum dette porticus porche
Mr. Kitchin's Translation, p. 33 seqq
A good example is afforded by the modern Greek negative. The negative in
modern Greek is ovV, and this is an abbreviation from the classical ovhiv. A
person who looked at ovdev might be inclined to say that the essential power of
that negative is stored up in the first syllable, while the second is a mere
expletive or appendage. From this point of view it would be inconceivable how
the first part should perish and the second remain. But if we consider that
the first is the elder part, and that the second was added for the sake of
emphasis, it is plain that the second part would carry the accent, as indeed
the traditional notation represents it. This effect of the accent must be
particularly attended to, as presenting, perhaps, the best of all keys for
explaining the transformations which take place in language. Were we to
disregard the influence of the laws of sound, and imagine that the sense only
was to be taken into consideration, we should often be at a loss to understand
why the most sense-bearing syllables have decayed, while the less
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(delwedd E6614) (tudalen 607)
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ñ2.
SOUND AS A FORMATIVE AGENCY. 6oj significant ones have retained their
integrity. The national and characteristic Scottish word unco is an instance.
It is composed of un and couth, the ancient participle of the verb cunnan, '
to know/ So that imcouth meant ' unknown/ 1 unheard-of,' and consequently '
strange/ In England the word has retained its original form, because the
accent is on the second syllable; but in Scotland, the accent having been
placed on the first, and the word having been mostly used in such a position
as to intensify the accent by emphasis, the second syllable has coiled up
into its present condition. 2. So far we have been considering the formative
effect of accent in its simplest instances, — those namely where the accented
syllable retains its integrity, while the unaccented seems to wither, as it
were, by neglect. We now proceed to a somewhat more complicated phenomenon.
The accent does not always prove so conservative in its operation. It is like
wind to fire; a moderate current of air will keep the fire steadily burning,
but if the air be applied in excess, it will depress the flame which it
nourished before. So with the accent; if it be highly intensified it will not
conserve, but rather work an alteration in the syllable to which it is
applied. A familiar instance of the effect of an accent in altering the form
of a syllable may be seen in the word woman. This word is compounded of wife
and man, and the change which has taken place in the first syllable exhibits
the altering effect of an intense accent 1 . The same thing may be observed
in the word gospel. The word is composed of good and spel; but the first 1
This is not the whole account of woman, because it does not explain the o;
perhaps the plural would have made a better example for this place in its
pronounced form wimmen.
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(delwedd E6615) (tudalen 608)
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ñ6~o8
XII. OF PROSODY. syllable has been reduced to its present proportion by '
correption,' if we may revive the very happy Latin term by which a shortened
syllable was said to be seized or snatched. Other familiar instances are
gossip God sib, shepherd, and the pronunciation of vineyard. In all these we
see the accented syllable has suffered alteration through its accentuation. When
we seek the cause why accent should have operated in manners so opposite, we
shall probably find that the diversity of result is due to a difference of
situation in the usual employment of the composite. A word, for instance, whose
lot it was to be often emphasized would naturally be the more liable to
correption of its accented syllable. 3. As we have seen that each of the
syllables of a disyllabic word may be in different manners affected by the accent,
so we may next observe that both of these changes may sometimes be found in
one and the same word. The word housewife is often pronounced huz'if and this
pronunciation is the traditional one. The full pronunciation of all the
letters in housewife is not produced by the natural action of the mother
tongue, but by literary education. Regarding huz'if then, as the natural and
spontaneous utterance of housewife, we see that both syllables have suffered
alteration. The attenuated condition of the second syllable is accounted for
by the absence of the accent; while the first syllable has suffered from an
opposite cause, namely, the intensification produced by the accent. And when,
through the beat of metre, the accent becomes emphasis, we find the first
syllable spelt with correption, even in literature: — The sampler, and to
teize the huswives wooll. John Milton, Cotmis, 751 (ed. Tonson, 1725).
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(delwedd E6616) (tudalen 609)
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ñ2.
SOUND AS A FORMATIVE AGENCY. 6og The name of Shakspeare, it is well known,
appears with many variations of orthography. The most curious perhaps of all
its forms is that of Shaxper \ which exhibits both sides of the double action
now described. In Shaxper we see that each of the two syllables is shrunken,
but from opposite causes. The first syllable is compressed by the
intensifying power of the accent, while the second syllable is impaired by
reason of the languor of a toneless position. 633. These changes, which thus
result from accentuation, sometimes run into curious phonetic distortions.
Standish is the name of a place in Gloucestershire, but it is better known as
a man's name in the poetry of Longfellow. The word is an altered form of
Stonehouse, or rather of Stanhus, which was its ancient shape. Here the
accented syllable has drawn a d on to it, and the languid syllable an h. The former
is but an instance of a well-known phonetic affinity which in various
languages has so often produced the combination nd. But that the hus should
have lapsed into ish is something more particularly English, and belongs to
the same class of tendencies by which that sound has often risen among us
both out of Saxon and out of French materials. 74. A great number of
transformations which are a stock item of astonishment with us, are only to
be accounted for by the consideration of accentual conditions. Such are Ciceter
for Cirencester, Yenton for Erdington, Ransom for Rampisham (Dorset), Posset
for Portishead: — and so the ancient Clatfordtun is now Claverton; Cunacaleah
is Conkwell. The scene of the following question is laid in the time of Queen
Anne: —
1 This form is found with the date of 1579. Shakespeareana Genealogica. compiled
by George Russell French. 1S69. r r
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(delwedd E6617) (tudalen 610)
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ñ6
JO XII. OF PROSODY. Candish, Chumley. Why should we say goold and write gold,
and call china chayny, and. Cavendish Candish, and Cholmondeley Chumley? —
W.M.Thackeray, Esmond, Bk. III. ch. iii. 634. The common formula Good bye has
come out of ' God be with ye/ This had been caused by the strong emphasis on
the first word. From a like cause springs that excess of clustering words
together in pronunciation which may be observed in English country places. I
often find it hard to understand the name of a rustic child, because the
child utters Christian and surname together as one word. One little girl I
well remember how she puzzled me by repeatedly telling me she was called '
Anook.' I had to make further enquiries before I learnt that this represented
Ann Hook. Here the accent was on the surname, and so I apprehend it was in
the instance following: — However, Miss Max had adopted Jameskennet (she
always said the name as one word), and he had been a great comfort to them
all. — L. Knatchbull-Hugessen, The Affirmative (Macmillan's Magazine, May, 1870).
The word hobgoblin owes its form to this habit. It means the goblin called
Rob or Hob, as the household elf was called Robin Goodfellow. It is to
smartness of accent that we must attribute that source of flexion, which has
developed out of Composition. 605. Such flexion is the result of the adhesion
of lowtoned words to those which are higher toned, to words rendered eminent
and attractive by a superiority of accent. Thus, if the word ibo resolves
itself into three words answering to the three letters of which the word is
now composed, and if these three words stood once free of each other in this
order — go will i, it was because of the accentual preeminence of go that the
other two words first of all began
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(delwedd E6618) (tudalen 611)
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ñ3.
SOUND AS AN OBJECT OF ATTRACTION. 6ll to lean enclitically on it, and at
length were absorbed into unity with it. 635. And as the action of sound is a
matter of great consequence in the shaping of words, so also we may detect a
like power working to effect transpositions in phraseology. Why do people
often say ' bred and born ' instead of ' born and bred/ except that they like
the sound of it better? There is in most newspapers a quarter which is thus
headed: — Births, Marriages, and Deaths. But in conversation it is hardly
ever quoted in this form. The established colloquial form of the phrase is
this: — Births, Deaths and Marriages. Now it is plain that the latter does
violence to the natural order which the printed formula observes. Whence then
has this inconsequence arisen? Solely, as it seems, from the fact that the
less reasonable order offers the more agreeable cadence to the ear. Enough
has been said to shew that the shaping of words and phrases is not always to
be accounted for upon grounds of reason, but often by reference to the
formative agency of Sound.
3. Of Sound as an Instinctive Object of Attraction. 636. Our path leads us
more and more away from the conscious action of man in the development of
speech, to mark how the sentient and instinctive tendencies of his nature claim
their part in the great result. There is observable a certain drawing towards
a fitness of sound; that is to say, the speaker of every stage and grade
strives after such an expression as shall erect his language into a sort of
music to his own ear. And this is reached when harmony is r r 2
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(delwedd E6619) (tudalen 612)
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ñ6
12 XII. OF PROSODY. established between the meaning and the sound; that is to
say, when the sound strikes the ear as a fit accompaniment to the thought. It
is a first necessity in language, that it should gratify the ear of the
speaker. 637. As the savage and the civilised man have different standards of
music, so have they different standards of what is harmonious in their
speech. Civilised nations are converging towards an agreement on both these
heads; but they will sooner be at one on the matter of music than they will
on the modulation of speech. Of these two, music is the simpler, and the more
amenable to scientific treatment. In the very elements of the melody of
language, namely the tones which are proper to the several vowels, there is an
hereditary difference which, though of the most delicate and subtle kind, yet
produces by combination wide divergencies in the modulation of speech. Each
separate nation has a musical pitch of its own. A slight variety of
pronunciation modifies the musical note of a vowel in such a manner that the
science of acoustics can measure the interval; and Helmholtz has suggested
that philologers should make use of these musical notes to define the vocalic
condition of languages and dialects. 638. In consonants the great difference
of national standards is manifest. The Gothic ear enjoys a precipitous consonantism,
while the Roman family prefers a smooth and gentle one. And as a natural
consequence of this difference, we, when we were most Gothic, could endure an
abruptness of consonants which now that we have been Frenchified in our
tastes, is displeasing to our national ear. Thus, we now count it vulgar to
say ax, and yet this sound was quite acceptable to the most cultivated Saxon.
We have transposed the consonants, and instead of As we say sk; instead of ax
we say ask; and we prefer tusks to
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(delwedd E6620) (tudalen 613)
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ñ3.
SOUND AS AN OBJECT OF ATTRACTION. 613 the Saxon iuxas. In like manner, we now
s&y grass, cress, where the old forms were gcers, ccers l . There is
observable at different eras in the language of a nation a certain revolution
of taste in regard to sounds; and this exhibits itself in modifications of
the vowel-system, and in conversions or transpositions of old-established
consonantisms. It is not possible (apparently) to reduce such cases to any
other principle than this, — that it has pleased the national ear it should
be so. 639. This national taste is inherited so early, and rooted so deep in
the individual, that it becomes part of his nature, and forms the
starting-point of all his judgments as to what is fitting or unfitting in the
harmony of sound with sense. The association between his words and his
thoughts is so intimate, that to his ear the words seem to give out a sound like
the thing signified; and that too even where it is an abstract idea or some
other creation of the mind. So that it becomes a difficult matter to say how
far certain words are really like certain natural sounds; or whether it is
only an inveterate mental association that makes us think so. That is a
difficulty which lies at the root of the onomatopoetic theory of the origin
of language. That theory appeals to a sense which we have of likeness between
many of our words and the natural sounds of the things signified. Authors have
given lists of words which, in their opinion, had an onomatopoetic origin.
That is to say, they were coined at a blow in imitation of audible sounds, or
they can at least be traced back to such a coinage. But such words are often
resoluble into earlier forms, which had meanings widely distinct from the
present meanings; and the onoma 1 Reversely, however, we say bird, third,
cart, in preference to the old forms brid, tkridde, creel. Possibly cart has
been touched by O. F. carrette. still used in Picardie (says Roquefort) for
charrette.
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(delwedd E6621) (tudalen 614)
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ñ6
14 XII. OF PROSODY. topoetic appearances are the results of that instinctive
attention to fitness of sound, which is one of the habitual accompaniments of
linguistic development. An onomatopoetic writer, says, — From pr, or prut,
indicating contempt or self-conceit, comes proud, pride, &c. From fie, we
have fiend, foe, feud, foul, Latin putris, Fr. puer, filth, fulsome, fear. From
smacking the lips we get yXvKvs, dulcis, lick, like. We shall all as
Englishmen be ready to acknowledge that proud and pride do sound like the
things signified. But how are we to reconcile the supposed onomatopoetic
origin of these words with the fact that they have an earlier history 1 , which
leads us far enough out of the track of the idea here assigned to pr. 640. It
is not too much to say that all the above examples rest upon the ground of a
superficial appearance, and that their onomatopoetic origin will not bear
inspection. The word like is here derived from the sound of smacking the lips.
It is in fact the Old Saxon word for ' body ' Lie, which' in German is to
this day Setcfy pronounced almost exactly as our like. Great as the distance
may seem between body and the liking of taste, it is measured at two strides.
There is but one middle term between these wide extremes. From substance to
similitude the transition is frequent and familiar; and so Lie ' body '
easily produced the adjective like. That likeness breeds liking is
proverbial. One of the words which has been thought to favour the onomatopoetic
theory is squirrel. If this word had been destitute of a pedigree, and had
been dashed off at a moment of happy invention, then its evidence might have
been in 1 They are traced either to Old French prude, moral, decorous; or to
the Latin prudent, providus, prudent, provident, looking forward. — Diez,
Lexicon Linguarum Romanarum.
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(delwedd E6622) (tudalen 615)
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ñ3.
SOUND AS AN OBJECT OF ATTRACTION. 615 voked in that direction. But when we
perceive that it has a long Greek antecedent, and that the idea upon which
the word was moulded was that of umbrella-tail, we can only marvel at the
sonorous fitness of the word to express the manners of the funny little
creature, after all traces of the signification of the word had been
forgotten; and we must allow that somewhere in the speech-making genius there
lives a faculty which concerns itself to seek the means of harmony between
sound and sense. 641. It would indeed be too much to say that the basis of this
harmony is not in any absolute relations between things and ideas on the one
hand, and sounds on the other. But this may be said, — that while such
absolute relations have been often maintained with a certain show of reason,
there has not as yet been any proof such as science can take cognisance of.
It seems rather as if each race had its own fundamental notions of harmony,
and as if the consonance of words were continually striving to adapt itself
to these with a sort of unconscious accommodation. Well as squirrel seems to
us to harmonise with its object, we cannot doubt that in the judgment of a
Red Indian it would sound very inappropriate, and that he would consider
Adjidaumo as much more to the point. Boys shall call you Adjidaumo, Tail in
air the boys shall call you. H. W. Longfellow, Song of Hiawatha. Lans:uag:e
is bevond all doubt imitative. The Hindus have a drum they call to??i-tom,
and this word is surely imitative. So much we may venture to assume without
any knowledge of their speech. But whether the word originated in imitation
is a very different question, and one which demands for its answer a close
examination of the Hindu and perhaps
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(delwedd E6623) (tudalen 616)
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ñ6l6
XII. OF PROSODY. other languages besides. Words may be imitative without having
originated in an act of imitation. A connection has too hastily been assumed
between imitation and initiation. On the fifth bell in Dunkerton Church,
Somersetshire, besides the record, 'Thomas Bilbee cast all wee, 1732/ are found
the lines: — Harke how the chiriping Treable sound so clear, While rowelling
Tom com tombeling in the reare. This is manifestly imitative; the sequence '
torn com tombeling ' has plainly a sonorous motive which makes it worthy to
be set beside the Indian tom-tom. Yet the imitation has nothing to say to the
origin of the words, whereof the first is Semitic, the second Gothic, and the
third Romanesque. 642. Our present interest in the onomatopoetic theory is rather
incidental \ It bears by its very existence a valuable testimony to that
principle which we are just now concerned to establish. There are men of
cultivated faculties who perceive throughout language such a harmony of the
sound of words with their sense, that they not only would rest satisfied with
an account of the origin of language which referred all to external sound,
but that it appears to them the most rational explanation. Those who reject
the theory itself need not discredit the phenomenon on which it relies. They may
admit that there is, running through a great part of human speech, a
remarkable chime of sound with sense, and yet doubt whether language was
founded upon imitation. The phenomenon itself may have been as primitive as
it is persistent, for the strongest examples are among the latest 1 If the
reader desires to enquire further into the onomatopoetic theory, he will find
all that can be said in its favour in the philological writings of Mr.
Hensleigh Wedgwood; and there is a criticism of onomatopoeia byProfessor M.ix
Miiller in the Ninth Lecture of his First Series.
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(delwedd E6624) (tudalen 617)
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ñ3.
SOUND AS AN OBJECT OF ATTRACTION. 6lJ efforts of the genius of speech.
Accompanying language at every stage, it comes out most avowedly in its
matures t forms. That the motion of poetry should keep pace with the thought
is an axiom: if the subject is toilsome, then The line too labours, and the
verse runs slow. And as with the whole, so with the subordinate members. At
every stage in the development of every word, there are a certain number of
possible variations, or alternative modes of utterance; and before a word
settles down into an established position, it must have been (unconsciously)
recognised as the best for that particular purpose of all those that were in
the field of choice; and among the qualifications and conditions of the
competition, the satisfaction of the ear has never been absent, though it may
have been little noticed. When we speak of the satisfaction of the ear, we of
course mean a mental gratification; namely, that which arises from a sense of
harmony between voice and meaning. There is a pleasure in this, and as there
is a pleasure in it, so there is naturally a preference for it, and, other
things being equal, the utterance which gives this pleasure will survive one
that gives it not. 643. Taking it then as certain, that there is in speech a striving
after this expressiveness of sound, we must next observe the varying ways it
has of displaying itself in the successive stages of the development of human
speech. It does not always occupy the same ground. The E?iglish language has
passed that stage in which words are palpably modified to meet the
requiremeiits of the ear. And accordingly, those who make lists of words in
support of the onomatopoetic theory, will be found to lean greatly to
old-fashioned and homely and colloquial words, in short to such words as
figure but
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(delwedd E6625) (tudalen 618)
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ñ6l8
XII. OF PROSODY. little in the forefront of modern English literature. They are
the offspring of a period when the chime of the word was more aimed at than
it now is. And we may in some ancient literatures find this so-called
onomatopoeia in greater vigour than in English. Most abounding in examples of
this kind is the Hebrew language, where we have a glorious literature that
was formed under the conditions now spoken of; that is to say, while the
language was still sensitive to the grouping of consonants in the chime of
its words. An illustration or two may serve. It is no mere illusion which
causes even a slightly imbued Hebrew scholar to feel that in the kindly,
soothing, ' nocturne ' sound of la'ilah, the Hebrew word for night, there is a
suggestion of that thought which some have supposed to be etymologically
expressed by the Greek evfypov-q, the thought which is thus rendered in
familiar lines from the Hebrew fountain: — And from the due returns of night Divine
instruction springs. 644. The Hebrew word for ' righteousness,' zeddkah, has a
melody which chimes admirably with the idea. Whatever beauty of thought is
embodied in the Themis and Dike and Astraea of the Greek personifications,
may all be heard in the sound of the Hebrew zeddkah. Nor is this mere fancy. That
the word spoke not to the mind alone through the ear as a mere channel, but
that the sound of the word had a musical eloquence for the mental ear of the
Hebrew, we have such evidence as the case admits of. We find it set against
the cry of the oppressed zeghdkah, where the dental has been exchanged for
the most rigid of gutturals, represented here by gh. In fact, there is a
stage in language when the musical appropriateness of the word is the chief
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(delwedd E6626) (tudalen 619)
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ñ3.
SOUND AS AN OBJECT OF ATTRACTION. 619 care. This is the stage of the Hebrew
antitheses and parallelisms. In the passage alluded to, not only is there the
contrast already described, but also that of mzshpat, 1 judgment/ with
mishpach, ' oppression/ and here also the gentle sound of the dental is
changed to the grating sound of a guttural, though milder than in the other
instance. He looked for judgment (mishpat), but behold oppression (mishpach);
for righteousness (zedakah), but behold a cry {zeghakah). — Isaiah v. 7. 645.
This class of cases has been sometimes inconsiderately treated as if they
approached in some sort to the nature of the paronomasia or pun. But no two
things could be more distinct. The pun rests on a duplicity of sense under
unity of sound, and it is essentially of a laughter-provoking nature, because
it is a wanton rebellion against the first motive of speech, whereby
diversity of sense induces diversity of sound, that the sound may be an echo to
the sense. A few years ago, in the time of spring, two men were riding
together across the fields, and observing how backward the season was.
Neither of them had seen the may-blossom yet. Presently one dashed ahead
towards something white in a distant hedge, but soon turned round again,
exclaiming to his companion: ' No, it is not the may, it is only the common
sloe/ whereupon the ready answer came: ' Then the may is uncommon slow! '
That is a pun, where the unity of sound between widely different words is
suddenly and surprisingly fitted into the sense of the conversation. Different,
but akin, is the Double-meaning, where the two senses of an identical word
are played upon. Mr. Wadge, in his speech of thanks on the occasion of a
presentation banquet in his honour, at the Albion, June 1, 1866, was dilating
on the interest he had taken from earliest youth in the study of mineral
deposits; how he found matter even in
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(delwedd E6627) (tudalen 620)
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ñ620
XII. OF PROSODY. his school-books to feed this enthusiasm; how he devoured Lucretius
De Rerwn Natura, but especially the passage about the discovery of metals.
This being delivered with some intenseness, was pleasantly relieved by the
ensuing remark, that only in one thing did the speaker differ from the poet.
Lucretius deplored that whereas in the good old time, brass was highly valued
and gold disregarded, now that was changed, — gold had dethroned brass, and
the harder metal was of no account by the side of the softer. I have nothing
to say against gold, which certainly now, as when the poet wrote, is in
summum honorem; but I must say something for brass. (^Laughter.) Whatever may
have been the case when Lucretius wrote, it cannot now be truly said nunc
jacet aes; for in my experience brass is, next to gold, the greatest power
that influences the world. (Great cheers and laughter.) Such are the
double-meaning and the pun. But these things are very wide of the feature now
under consideration. These are laughable from their eccentricity. They are
funny because they traverse the first law of language in a playful manner. As
an expression of wit they are perfectly legitimate only so long as the
rhetoric of the language turns on word-sound. Hence we may observe that the
mind of the scholar, that is to say, the mind which is imbued with the elder
conditions of language, is ever prone to punning. In English these forms of
wit are now but half-recognised, because the language has passed beyond that
stage of which they were a wanton inversion. 646. In contradistinction to all
this, the Hebrew antitheses arise out of the legitimate exercise of the
rhetorical properties of the language; and their very consonance with the present
condition of the language is an element of their solemnity. In every
successive stage of language there is a music proper to that stage; and if we
seek the focus of that music,
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(delwedd E6628) (tudalen 621)
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ñ3.
SOUND AS AN OBJECT OF ATTRACTION. 62 1 we must watch the action of the
language in its exalted moods. When we see that the poetry and the oratory of
a language avails itself largely of the contrast of word-sounds, we cannot
doubt that the national ear is most alive to that particular form of
speech-music which gives prominence to individual words. This is the case of
the Hebrew parallelisms; and it is the key also to alliteration in poetry, where
the echo of word to word is the sonorous organ of the poet. But a period
comes in the course of the higher development of language, when the
sonorousness of words gives place to the sentiment of modulation, whereby a musical
unity is given to the sentence like the unity of thought. It is to this that
the foremost languages of the world, and the English language for one, have
now attained. If we look at Saxon Literature, we see two widely different
eras of language living on side by side, the elder form in the poetry, and
the later one in the prose. The alliterative poetry belongs to an age in
which the word-sound was the prominent feature; the prose is already far gone
into that stage in which the sound of the word has fallen back and become
secondary to the rhythm of the sentence. The development of rhythm had
already become so full and ample by the time of the Conquest, that the
restraint of metre was needful, and it was readily accepted at the hands of
our French instructors. Rhyme also was adopted, not absolutely for the first
time, as rare examples occur before; but the general use of rhyme came in
with metre under French influence. 647. Rhyme is an attendant upon metre; its
office is to mark the ' verse ' or turn of the metre, where it begins again. Rhyme
is an insignificant thing in itself, as compared with alliteration: for
whereas this is, as we have before shown, an accentual reverberation, and
rests upon the most
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(delwedd E6629) (tudalen 622)
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ñ622
XII. OF PROSODY. vital part of words; rhyme is but a syllabic resonance, and rests
most frequently upon syllables which are of secondary consideration. It is,
however, otherwise important. Not only is it one among many evidences of a
fondness in man for a sonorous accompaniment to his language, but inasmuch as
the turn of the verse is necessarily at a rhythmical division, rhyme is
wedded to rhythm, and is rescued from being a mere external appendage
productive only of a sensual effect. The general acceptance of Rhyme
testifies to modern progress of Rhythm. Rhyme has developed its luxuriance in
its native regions, that is to say in the Romanesque dialects. The rhyming faculty
was not born with our speech, and it is still but imperfectly naturalised
among us. The English language is found to be poor in rhymes when it is put
to the proof, as in the essay of translating Dante in his own terza rima. Chaucer
pointed to the difficulties of rhyming in English, and said he could not keep
pace with the French rhymes: — Hit is a grete penaunce, Syth ryme in Englissh
hath such skarsete, To folowe worde by worde the curiostie Of Graunson,
floure of them that make in Fraunce. The Compleynt of Mars and Venus. The
German language has taken more kindly to this Romanesque ornament than
English has. This is largely due to their conservation of Flexion. Rhyme is
naturally easy in an inflected language. We may almost say that Flexion
invites to Rhyme: and in our earliest examples of Rhyme, namely the mediaeval
Latin hymns, the music of rhyme sometimes fails to please just because the
rhyming seems too cheap. 648. Metre and rhythm must move together, in order to
produce poetic harmony. The harmonious working of
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(delwedd E6630) (tudalen 623)
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ñ3.
SOUND AS AN OBJECT OF ATTRACTION. 623 metre with rhythm is best seen in the
Homeric poems. Metre is to rhythm what logic is to rhetoric; what the bone frame
of an animal is to its living form and movements. As the bony structure of a
beautiful animal is amply enveloped; as the logic of a good discourse is
there, but undisplayed, — so the metre of good poetry is lost to the view, while
the ear is entirely occupied with its rhythm. And as men use rhetoric before
logic, so, likewise, did they use rhythm before metre. Metre may be
artificially transplanted from one nation to another, as the French metre was
transplanted to our language. But rhythm is more deeply rooted in the race
and nation, and the individual writer can only within a limited range play
variations upon the natural rhythm of his mother tongue. Up to a certain
point we give a poet the credit of his rhythm, as we do to Milton; but the
elemental stuff out of which it is made is rather an inheritance than a
personal product. Every man inherits a certain national intonation. This is
that which is most ineradicable of all things which go to constitute
language. This is that which we call the brogue of the Irishman, the accent
of the Scotchman, or of the Welshman. By great care and early training it may
be disciplined out of an individual, but we have no experience of its wearing
out of a population. The people of Devon, who hardly retain two Welsh words
in their speech, have an intonation so peculiar, that it can only be
interpreted as a relic of the otherwise extinct West- Welsh language. Any
one, with an ear for the melody of language, and with a heart accessible to
romantic feelings, must be drawn towards the Irish people, if it were only
for the singular and mysterious air which constitutes the melody of their
speech. True, they speak Saxon now instead of Erse, but the rhythm is
unshaken. It runs up into, and is indistinguishable from,
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(delwedd E6631) (tudalen 624)
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ñ624
XII > °F PROSODY. that native music which is at once the surest exponent
of national character and its most tenacious product, overliving the
extinction of all other heirlooms. 649. The distinctiveness of all that which
we call brogue, accent, &c, is ultimately resoluble into a speciality of
modulation or rhythm. Here is the stronghold of Nature and the seat of
national and provincial peculiarity. The departure of the English language
from the music of the Saxon, is the greatest of all evidences how profound a change
was accomplished by the great French interval of the Transition. Had the new
language started with a provincial basis, instead of springing up as it did
in the Court, the result might have been different. As it was, we got a new
music, based on a new key-note, and one quite distinct from any of its
constituent elements. But while we acknowledge in rhythm something profounder
than metre, we must not deny to the latter a certain magisterial and
regulative function, which it obtains by its position and office. As the man
of formulas often directs, and sometimes practically determines the action of
his superior, so metre exercises a sort of judicature even over rhythm. Metre
acts as a stifFener to the rhythm. It has on the one hand a repressive, and
on the other a sustaining agency. It helps to sustain elevation, while it
controls the natural swell of enthusiastic rhythm. This constraint exercised
by metre over the rhythmical movement is least felt in blank verse, because
terminal rhymes are like so many studs or clasps, pinning down the metre from
point to point, and adding greatly to its stringency. 650. The relation of
verse to syntax is undetermined. The line may end with a grammatical pause,
or it may end in the middle of a phrase where the most lavish punctuationist
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(delwedd E6632) (tudalen 625)
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ñ3.
SOUND AS AN OBJECT OF ATTRACTION. 62$ could not bestow a comma. But it must
never mar the rhythm: the turn of a verse must coincide with a rhythmical subdivision,
and these are finer and more frequent than grammatical subdivisions. So thy
dark arches, London Bridge, bestride Indignant Thames, and part his angry
tide. The poetry of the Anti-Jacobin is a good repertory for varieties of
verse-making, because it contains lawless as well as lawful examples. In the
above couplet the reader will perceive that though there is not a grammatical
division between the lines, there is a rhymthical one, and that there is a
real gain to the effect by the voice being made to rest a perceptible time on
bestride: the modulation so obtained is a help to the picture on the
imagination. One of the commonest means for producing the effect of drollery
in verse, is by offending against this rule, and breaking the verse in spite
of rhythm. Weary Knife-grinder! little think the proud ones, Who in their
coaches roll along the turnpikeroad, what hard work 'tis crying all day '
Knives and Scissors to grind O I' In the old alliterative poetry, the turn of
the verse was decided solely by the vaguer sentiment of rhythm, but in modern
times it hinges on the more exact conditions of metre and rhyme. 651. Of all
the forms which the Romanesque metres have assumed in the English language
the blank verse is that which we have most completely nationalised and made
our own; and the probable explanation of this is, besides the scarcity of
rhymes in our language, that Rhyme is too confining for our native rhythm,
when it would put forth its full strength. On the other hand, Metre, though
it restrains, does unquestionably help to sustain the elevation, by s s
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(delwedd E6633) (tudalen 626)
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ñ626
XII. OF PROSODY. the way in which it brings out the subordinate pauses and finer
articulations in the rhythm. I woul'd ask the reader to consider the
following lines, lending his ear especially to the verse-endings which close
without punctuation: — A gracious spirit o'er this earth presides, And o'er
the heart of man: invisibly It comes, to works of unreproved delight, And
tendency benign, directing those Who care not, know not, think not what they
do. The tales that charm away the wakeful night In Araby, romances; legends
penned For solace by dim light of monkish lamps; Fictions, for ladies of
their love, devised By youthful squires; adventures endless, spun By the
dismantled warrior in old age, Out of the bowels of those very schemes In
which his youth did first extravagate; These spread like day, and something
in the shape Of these will live till man shall be no more. Dumb yearnings,
hidden appetites, are ours, And they must have their food. Our childhood
sits, Our simple childhood, sits upon a throne That hath more power than all
the elements. William Wordsworth, The Prelude, Bk. V. 652. Subject to the
established conditions of versification, each poet plays upon the rhythm of
his native tongue, and strives to produce a sound in harmony with his
thought. This is plainly perceived in the following lines from the opening of
Dryden's JEneid: — From hence the line of Alban fathers come, And the long
glories of majestic Rome. In Milton's description of the cock, the rhythm is
imitative: While the Cock with lively din Scatters the rear of darkness thin;
And to the stack, or the Barn-dore Stoutly struts his Dames before, — V
Allegro. All true poetry feels after, and grows towards, a responsive musical
accompaniment, which sounds to the ear of the
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(delwedd E6634) (tudalen 627)
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ñ3.
SOUND AS AN OBJECT OF ATTRACTION. 627 mind like the thing described, even
though it should be the process of nature, which marches in silence. The
following lines, from an unknown poet, who signs G. M., display this harmony
of the rhythm with the description: — On that opposing hill, as on the stage Of
rural theatre, or Virgil's page, I watch the shifting scenes of country life.
— Man's patient labour and his world-old strife. First, the stout team drags
on the biting plough; Thro' the hard clods it cuts and pierces slow; The
careful yeoman guides the furrow 'd way, The rook succeeds, and lives another
day. Then come the sowers, who with careless skill Scatter the grain and
every fissure fill; Then the light harrow the smooth soil restores, And soon
the field feels life in all her pores. Next some bright morning, as I mark
the scene, My fancy soothes me with a shade of green, Which after every
shower more vivid grows, Till em'rald brightly o'er the surface glows, Then
yellow clothes the scene, and soon, too soon, Red ears bow heavy to the
harvest moon. 653. In making a poetical translation, the first thing is to get
hold of a melody. The metre, and even in some measure the grammar, must be
secondary; else there can be no rhythm, and therefore no unity. Your verses
may parse, and they may scan, and be but doggerel after all. The master-principle,
then, is rhythm. In the following lines from Mr. Griffith's translation of
the Rdmaydna, we have not only words and phrases and metre, but we have also
a rhythm, which gives the whole a unity and an individuality, making it '
like something '; and we, who do not read Sanskrit, can enquire whether that
is a faithful rendering of the effect of the original: — Balmy cool the air
was breathing, welcome clouds were floating by, Humming bees with joyful
music swelled the glad wild peacock's cry. Their wing-feathers wet with
bathing, birds slow flying to the trees Rested in the topmost branches waving
to the western breeze. S S 2
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(delwedd E6635) (tudalen 628)
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ñ6i8
XII. OF PROSODY. But no English reader with a cultivated ear would be likely
to ask whether the following bore any resemblance to Horace; simply because,
through lack of rhythm, it is shapeless, and it leaves on the mind no
impression of having any likeness or similitude of its own: — Methinks Dame
Nature to discriminate What's just from what's unjust entirely fails; Though
doubtless fairly she can separate What 's good from what is bad, and aye
prevails What to avoid, what to desire, to state; And Reason cannot prove
that in the scales The man who broke another's cabbage-leaf Should weigh as
guilty as the sacrilegious thief. 654. It would lead us too far if we
attempted to exemplifyin detail the conclusion at which these latter pages
are pointed. It is this: — Our language has passed on beyond the stage at
which the chime of words is a care to the national ear, and it has adopted
instead thereof the pleasure of a musical rhythm, which pervades the sentence
and binds it into one. Ewald has happily described the perception of rhythm as
(Sinn furg ©cmge — a feeling or sentiment for the Whole. When the English
language is now used so as to display a sonorous aptness in the words, we
call it Word-painting. Modern languages have a continuity of development and a
flexibility of action, and growing out of these a power of following the
movements of the mind, such as was never attained by the classical languages.
If we take Demosthenes and Cicero as the maturest products of the Greek and
Latin languages, we feel that they do not attain to the range of the best
modern writers, or even to that of the fine passages in the prose writings of
Milton. Great elasticity, great plasticity, has been added to language by the
development of symbolism; great acquisitions have been made both in the
compass and in the rhythm of language. This of course displays itself chiefly
in the higher oratorical efforts.
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(delwedd E6636) (tudalen 629)
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ñ3.
SOUND AS AN OBJECT OF ATTRACTION. 629 The capacity of a language is seen best
in the masterly periods of great orators. In our day we have heard much praise
of short sentences; and that praise for the most part has been well bestowed.
The vast majority of writers are engaged in the diffusion of knowledge, in
popularising history or science; or else they write with the avowed purpose of
entertaining. Wherever the object is to make knowledge easy, or to make
reading easy, the short sentence is to be commended. But when the mind of an
original thinker burns with the conception of new thoughts, or the mind of
the orator is aflame with the enthusiasm of new combinations and newly
perceived conclusions, it is natural for them to overflow in long and
elaborately subordinated sentences, which tax the powers of the hearer or
reader to keep up with them. These are among the greatest efforts of mind,
and their best expression naturally constitutes the grandest exhibition of
the power of human speech; and this power has received great accessions by
the modern development of Symbolism and its companion Rhythm. 655. Short
sentences are prevalent in our language, as long ones are in the German. In
all things we incline to curtness and stuntness. Not that this gives the full
account of the matter. German literature has been far more engaged in the acquisition,
while English literature has been employed more in the diffusion, of
knowledge. This is probably the chief cause of our short and easy sentences.
But we can use the cumulate construction when needed, and there are places in
which force would be lost by dividing it into two or three successive and
seriatim sentences. The following affords a fair example of a cumulative
subject. It is all ' subject ' down to the words printed in capitals. The
houses of the grandmothers and great-grandmothers of this generalion, at
least the country houses, with front-door and back-door always
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(delwedd E6637) (tudalen 630)
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ñ63O
XII. OF PROSODY. standing open, winter and summer, and a thorough draught
always blowing through; with all the scrubbing and cleaning and polishing and
scouring which used to go on; the grandmothers and still more the
great-grandmothers always out of doors and never with a bonnet on except to
go to church; these things, when contrasted with our present 'civilized'
habits, entirely account for the fact so often seen of a great-grandmother
who was a tower of physical vigour, descending into a grandmother perhaps a little
less vigorous but still sound as a bell and healthy to the core, into a
mother languid and confined to her carriage and house, and lastly into a
daughter sickly and confined to her bed. — Florence Nightingale, Notes on Nursing.
656. He who hopes that his writings may be an agreeable accompaniment to tea
and bread-and-butter, may well adopt as his literary type the conversational
sentences of Addison, the father of popular English literature, and the
founder of easy writing for recreative study: — It is with much satisfaction
that I hear this great city enquiring day by day after these my papers, and
receiving my morning lectures with a becoming seriousness and attention. My
publisher tells me that there are already 3000 of them distributed every day;
so that if I allow twenty readers to every paper, which I look upon as a
modest computation, I may reckon about three score thousand disciples in
London and Westminster, who I hope will take care to distinguish themselves
from the thoughtless herd of their ignorant and inattentive brethren. Since I
have raised to myself so great an audience I shall spare no pains to make
their instruction agreeable and their diversion useful. For which reasons I
shall endeavour to enliven morality with wit, and to temper wit with
morality, that my readers may, if possible, both ways find their account in
the speculation of the day. And to the end that their virtue and discretion
may not be short, transient, intermittent starts of thought, I have resolved
to refresh their memories from day to day, till I have recovered them out of
their desperate state of vice and folly into which the age is fallen. The
mind that lies fallow for a single day sprouts up in follies that are only to
be killed by a constant and assiduous culture. It was said of Socrates that
he brought philosophy down from heaven to inhabit among men: and I shall be
ambitious to have it said of me, that I have brought philosophy out of
closets and libraries, schools and colleges, to dwell in clubs and
assemblies, at tea tables and in coffee houses. I would, therefore, in a very
particular manner, recommend these my speculations to all well-regulated
families, that set apart an hour in every morning for tea and
bread-and-butter: and would earnestly advise them for their good to order
this paper to be punctually served up, and to be looked upon as a part of the
tea equipage. — Spectator, No. 10. But he who wishes for periods that will
furnish a mental gymnastic, must read page after page of Milton's prose
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(delwedd E6638) (tudalen 631)
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ñ3.
SOUND AS AN OBJECT OF ATTRACTION. 63 1 works, or of Jeremy Taylor, where,
amidst much that is almost chaotic in its irregular massiveness, he may from time
to time fall in with such a piece of architecture as will reward his patient
quest. If the following piece from the close of Milton's Reformation in
England appears to the reader hardly to match this description, it will at
least serve to give a taste of what a really great sentence can be. Then,
amidst the Hymns, and Halleluiahs of Saints some one may perhaps bee heard
offering at high strains in new and lofty Measures to sing and celebrate thy
divine Mercies, and marvelous Judgements in this Land throughout all Ages;
whereby this great and Warlike Nation instructed and inur'd to the fervent
and continuall practice of Truth and Righieousnesse, and casting farre from
her the rags of her old vices, may presse on hard to that high and happy
emulation to be found the soberest, wisest, and most Christian People at that
day when thou the Eternall and shortly-expected King shalt open the Clouds to
judge the severall Kingdomes of the World, and distributing Nationall Honours
and Rewards to Religious and just Commonwealths, shalt put an end to all
Earthly Tyrannies, proclaiming thy universal and milde Monarchy through
Heaven and Earth. Where they undoubtedly that by their Labours, Counsels, and
Prayers, have been earnest for the Common good of Religion and their
Countrey, shall receive, above the inferiour Orders of the Blessed, the
Regall addition of Principalities, Legions, and Thrones into their glorious
Titles, and in supereminence of beatifick Vision, progressing the datelesse
and irrevoluble Circle of Eternity shall clasp inseparable Hands with joy,
and blisse in over-measure for ever. [4to edit. Loud. 1 641, p. 89.] 657. It
is a gain to our general literature that the long sentence is but rarely
used, for it is sorely out of place in ordinary writing, such as historical
narrative, or any other kind that is produced at a moderate temperature. It
is the defect of Clarendon's style that his sentences are too long for their energy.
Long sentences are intolerable without enthusiasm. It is only under the glow
of passion that the highest capabilities of a language are displayed. But the
resources of modern syntax for continuous and protracted structure are so
strong that to the beauty of the long sentence it is not necessary that the
passion be at all furious, but only that the feeling be strong enough to
sustain itself during the
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(delwedd E6639) (tudalen 632)
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ñ6
$2 XII. OF PROSODY. flight from one resting-place to another. The following four
stanzas from In Memoriam constitute but one period, which though quiet enough
is yet well sustained: — LXXXV. I past beside the reverend walls In which of
old I wore the gown; I roved at random through the town, And saw the tumult
of the halls; And heard once more in college fanes The storm their high-built
organs make, And thunder-music, rolling, shake The prophets blazon'd on the
panes; And caught once more the distant shout, The measured pulse of racing
oars Among the willows; paced the shores And many a bridge, and all about The
same gray fiats again, and felt The same, but not the same; and last Up that
long walk of limes I past To see the rooms in which he dwelt. If we ask, What
is this sustaining power, which bears along more than a hundred words in one
movement, with all the unity of an individual organism? the answer is, that it
is Rhythm. 658. If we want to see lengthiness of language carried out to an
extreme and exaggerated development, unsupported moreover and unbalanced by
rhythm, we have only to read a legal document, such as a marriage settlement,
or a release of trust. Often whole lines are mere strings of words, till the
reader's head swims with the fluctuations of the unstable element, and, like
a man at sea, or in a balloon, he longs to plant his feet on terra firma. And
also of from and against all and all manner of actions and suits cause and
causes of action and suit reckonings debts duties claims and demands
whatsoever both at Law and in Equity which they the said releasing and
covenanting parties or any or either of them their or any or either of
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(delwedd E6640) (tudalen 633)
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ñ3.
SOUND AS AN OBJECT OF ATTRACTION. 6$$ their heirs executors administrators or
assigns or any other person or persons whomsoever (sic) claiming or who shall
or may at any time hereafter claim by from through under or in trust for them
him or her or any or either of them may or can have claim challenge or demand
of from or against the said And so it goes floundering on, when it could
almost all be said by a mere passive verb — ' The trust is discharged/ 659.
We cannot define Rhythm, we can only say what it does. It combines and braces
language into a whole; it gives compactness, unity, beauty. It does more; it
gives a harmony of speech with things or thoughts. As feeling is kindled,
Language, spoken or written, is apt to chime in with the character of the
things described. Observe the closing words of this quotation, which is taken
from a report of the Thanksgiving Day: — As from time to time during the
service the assemblage stood up — the movement travelling over the level of
the dome area and rising as in waves round the great piers — one gained some
idea of the vast numbers. But it was when they sat down that they most impressed
one; for then, indeed, they had all the multitudinous aspect of a subsiding
sea. — The Times, Feb. 28. 1872. We have now gone to the limits and beyond
the limits of analysis. If Rhythm is irreducible, much more is eloquence, or
whatever we shall call that which is the life of literature. Literature in
its happiest moods has united more of the properties of the everlasting
harmonies than any other product of the human mind. Beyond all analysis of language,
beyond all historic and philologic interest, there is something in eloquence
for which we have no definite name, but which, when it is present in
literature, imparts to writings a perennial durability ensuring their
preservation and making men call them immortal. Or wherein again resides the
force of human eloquence in things human? Wherein lies that wondrous power,
which not only convinces the understanding, not only creates a passing
emotion, or dazzles the imagination.
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(delwedd E6641) (tudalen 634)
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ñ634
X* 1 - OF PROSODF. but sways the human will, even when it has determined
beforehand not to be swayed? It is not clearness of reasoning. Truth itself
will convince: it will not win. Man's free agency will look on unmoved. Still
less is it rich imagery, or power of thought, or loftiness of conception, or
beauty of diction, or measured rhythm, or any skill which human art can
analyse. These things have their delight, but ihey will not move. The ear
drinks in the cadence: the imagination admires: but the soul looks on
unwarmed, unreached, as at the cold unpiercing brilliancy of the summer
lightning. Only when the soul goes out of itself and speaks to the soul, can
man sway the will of man. Eloquence then is all soul, embodied, it may be, in
burning forceful words, but with a power above the power of words, an
electric force which pierces the soul addressed, transfuses into it another's
thoughts, makes it its own, by giving forth out of itself. Analyse eloquence!
Analyse the whirlwind or the lightning! Yes! these you may analyse, for they
are material: eloquence you can no more analyse than the soul itself, whose voice
it is in the simplicity of its immateriality. — E. B. Pusey, University Sermons,
1859-1872; Sermon I.
Conclusion — Concerning the Origin of Language. 660. There is an opinion that
the origin of language may be traced, that we may form a science of what has
been called Generative Philology, and that important data for such a science
might be drawn from the inceptive stages' of speech. The first dawn of
intelligence, the first smile of the infant on the mother, is in response to
the tones of her maternal encouragements: — « Incipe parve puer risu
cognoscere matrem. Vergil, Eclogue iv. 60. Smile then, dear child, and make
thy mother glad. Translation by H. D. Skrine, 1868. Before speech is attained
by the infant, he gets a set of notes or tones to express pleasure or
offence, assent or refusal. The first attempts to speak are mere chirruppings
and warblings; that is to say, it is the music of what is said that is caught
at first, while the child has as yet no ears for
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(delwedd E6642) (tudalen 635)
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ñ3.
SOUND AS AN OBJECT OF ATTRACTION. 6$$ ♦he harder sense. By a beautiful and true touch of
nature, and all the more noticeable because it is not a commonplace of
poetry, a poet of our own day has coupled the early speech of children with
the singing of birds: — I love the song of birds, And the children's early
words. Charles Mackay, A Plain Man's Philosophy. John Keble has justified the
teaching of divine truths to' children, on the ground that, if the sense is
beyond them, there is a certain musical path of communication: — Oh! say not,
dream not, heavenly notes To childish ears are vain, That the young mind at
random floats, And cannot reach the strain: Dim or unheard the words may
fall, And yet the heaven-taught mind May learn the sacred air, and all The
harmony unwind. So Mr. Edward Denison, speaking of his East-end lectures to
the dockyard labourers: — I indulge them largely with quotations from
Wordsworth, Tennyson, and even Pope, much of which it is of course impossible
they can understand, but which they delight to hear. I suppose the rhythm and
cadence tickles their ear, and somehow helps to lift their fancy to a higher
level. — Letters, &c. (Bentley and Son). 1872. 660 a. The general effect
of such observations is towards this: — That the sentient and emotional parts
of human nature have a greater share in the origins of language than the
intellectual faculty. The first awakener of language is Love. And the first
developer is Sound. This seems to be testified by the whole body of
nursery-rhyme literature. Nor do we entirely lose in manhood the power of
enjoying a fine sonorous composition apart from its sense. The nurseryrhyme
passion has its mature forms. 628.
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(delwedd E6643) (tudalen 636)
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ñ6
$6 XII. OF PROSODY. But what do you think of Coleridge? To me, when I cannot
follow him, there is always a fine ring, like bell-chimes, in his melody; not
unlike our best nursery rhymes, for it is curious the fine cadences we get in
the nursery. I like Coleridge's Kubla Khan for its exquisite cadence. That whole
passage beginning — ' In Xanadu did Kubla Khan A stately pleasure-dome decree:
Where Alph, the sacred river, ran Through caverns measureless to man Down to
a sunless sea ' — has a most fascinating melody. I don't know what it means,
but it 's very fine. — John Duncan, Colloquia Peripatetica, p. 53. I knew a
little orator, who, at the age of five years, would make speeches of
irresistible force, though he was more than usually backward in grammatical
sequence. It being one morning said in his presence that he had been found
half out of bed, and the cause surmised that his brother had elbowed him out,
he exclaimed, ' Yes, he elbowed me harder and harder — could be! 1 In
modulation this was a perfect utterance: the voice had risen very gradually
and plaintively so far as ' harder and harder ' — then a pause, as he was
feeling after a climax — and then broke out in an octave higher the decisive
words ' could be V It was the same boy who once said it was not his bed time
' this 'reckly,' a compromise between ' this minute ' and ' directly/ but
which, in the way it was delivered, very far surpassed either of these forms
of expression. 660 b. The fact is that children have a greater appreciation of
sound than of sense, and that accordingly their early words are in good
melody and bad grammar. Their judgment of the fitness of words for the office
they fill, will often be very distinctly pronounced. And this judgment rests,
as indeed it can rest, on nothing else than the chime of the sound with their
notion of the thing indicated. The judgment of children is often found so
firm and distinct on this matter, that we must conclude a great part of the
early exercise of
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(delwedd E6644) (tudalen 637)
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ñ3.
SOUND AS AN OBJECT OF ATTRACTION. 637 their wakening minds has been concerned
with the discrimination of Sound. A little watching might supply many illustrations
on this head; what is here produced is not the result of any careful
selection, but just what offered itself about the time this chapter was in
preparation. A father who took an interest in some pigeons that were kept for
the amusement of his children, had the whim to call them all by some fanciful
name; and as they multiplied it became harder to invent acceptable names. So
it happened that, after many familiar names, there came in some from
classical sources. Of these it was observed (months after) that one had fixed
itself in the memory of the children. They were chasing the kitten, and their
inward glee was venting itself in the name of Andromache, which they used as
a term of endearment. Some days later, when they were again at play, and
shouting ' Andromache/ their father asked them, ' Which is Andromache? ' The
younger answered with an exuberance of satisfaction: ' Johnnie's calling me Andromache!
' Their father replied, ' If Johnnie calls you Andromache, I'd call him
Polyhymnia! ' At this Johnnie (a boy of six years old) towered up like a
pillar of moral conviction, and in a tone of mingled disdain and deprecation,
said: 'Augh! Nobody couldn't be called that, I'm sure! ' 660 e. In the minds
of children and savages the word and the thing are absolutely identified. If
they are able to grasp the name, they seem to have a satisfaction analogous
to that which the mature mind tastes in description or analysis. I was
staying at the house of a friend, where the youngest child was a brave, bold,
golden-locked boy, under three years old. As I was dressing in the morning he
came into my room, and we had a long and varied conversation. One of the
topics was broached and disposed of somewhat in
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(delwedd E6645) (tudalen 638)
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ñ638
XIL OF PROSODY. the following manner: — ' Are Mabel and Trixey coming to-day?
' he asked. ' I'm sure I don't know. Who are Mabel and Trixey? ' Thereat he
took up a strong and confident attitude, and with a tone which at once
justified himself and refuted me, he said: ' They are Mabel and Trixey; that
's their names! ' — the last clause a perfect bar of remonstrative music; as
much as to say, ' There's nothing to be said after that! ' A boy of five
years old was asked, ' Do you know where your cousin Johnnie is at school? '
' No! I don't know; where is he? ' 'At Honiton.' ' At Hon-t-iton? Isn't that a
funny place? / call it! ' Here it will be observed the place is judged of by
the sound of its name; there is no distinction between the name and the
thing. The following most significant record of native talk in the Aru
Islands is from The Malay Archipelago, by Alfred Russell Wallace (1869):— Two
or three of them got round me, and begged me for the twentieth time to tell
them the name of my country. Then, as they could not pronounce it
satisfactorily, they insisted that I was deceiving them, and that it was a
name of my own invention. One funny old man, who bore a ludicrous resemblance
to a friend of mine at home, was almost indignant. 'Unglung!' said he, 'who
ever heard of such a name? — anglang, angerlang — that can't be the name of
your country; yon are playing with us.' Then he tried to give a convincing
illustration. ' My country is Wanumbai — anybody can say Wanumbai. I'm an
orang-Wanumbai; but N-glung! who ever heard of such a name? Do tell us the
real name of your country, and when you are gone we shall know how to talk
about you.' To this luminous argument and remonstrance I could oppose nothing
but assertion, and the whole party remained firmly convinced that I was for
some reason or other deceiving them. — ch. xxxi. All these are instances of
the inability of man, in the earlier stages of his career, to assume the
mastery over language. His mind is enthralled by it, and is led away after all
its suggestions. We are told by Professor Jowett that the Greek philosopher,
' the contemporary of Plato and Socrates, was incapable of resisting the
power of any ana
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(delwedd E6646) (tudalen 639)
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ñ3.
SOUND AS AN OBJECT OF ATTRACTION. 639 logy which occurred to him .... and he
was helpless against the influence of any word which had an equivocal or
double sense V It may be imagined that we, in our advanced condition of
modern civilisation, are now completely masters over our language, but an
investigation of the subject might produce an unexpected verdict. Philology
is one of the most instrumental of studies for investing man with the full
prerogative over- his speech, for its highest office is to enable him to
comprehend the relation of his words to the action of his mind, and thus to
render the mind superior to verbal illusions. 660 d. Those who think that the
sounds of nature first suggested language to man, hold a theory of language
which may be compared to that theory of music by which music is derived from
the cataract in the mountains, the wind in the trees, or the sound of the
ocean on the shore. It appears to me that there is nothing in inward or
outward experience to justify such a theory. As there are sounds in nature
that may give an occasional suggestion to the musician, but none that can be
acknowledged either as his model to work by or as the original source of his
art, so it is with speech. Music and language alike must have come from
within, from the greatest depths of our nature. Man's conscious work upon
language in fitting it to express his mind, is the least part of the matter.
The greater part is worked out unconsciously. And long eras pass after the
perfecting of its processes, before intellectual man awakes to perceive what
he himself has done. This only proves from what a depth within his own nature
this 1 The Dialogues of Plato, vol. ii. p. 505.
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(delwedd E6647) (tudalen 640)
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ñ64O
XII. OF PROSODY. power of speech is evolved; only proves what a mystery man
is to himself: and it casts a doubt over the prospect of our ever tracing a
philologic path up to those springs which fancy calls the Origin of Language.
For me the poet speaks most appropriately on this theme, because he speaks
most vaguely, most wonderingly, and most inquiringly: — Ye wandering
Utterances, has earth no scheme, No scale of moral music, to unite Powers
that survive but in the faintest dream Of memory? — O that ye might stoop to
bear Chains, such precious chains of sight As laboured minstrelsies through
ages wear! O for a balance fit the truth to tell Of the Unsubstantial,
pondered well! To make a path from the visible, ponderable, and corporeal, up
to that which is invisible, imponderable, and spiritual, with no other
building-material than vocal sound to erect a bridge from matter to mind, —
tempering it in the finest filtered harmonies that can be appreciated by the sentient,
emotional, and intellectual nature of man; — this' seems to be the task and
function of human speech. Of its origin we can only say, it is of the same
root with that poetic faculty whereby man makes nature echo his sentiments;
it is correlated to the invention of music, whereby dead things are made to
discourse of human emotions; it is a peculiar property of that nature whose other
chief and proper attributes are the power of Love, and the capacity for the
knowledge of God.
I.
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(delwedd E6648) (tudalen 641)
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ñINDEX
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
[Words of the central English vocabulary are printed in the ordinary Roman
type: current or recent Provincialisms in Italics (also a few foreign words
imperfectly naturalized): those in Spaced type are Scottish and Northern:
those in 23lacfc ILcttCT are mediaeval forms or else German: those in Thick
type are antiquated or legal or otherwise strange: — Small Capitals indicate
Anglosaxon, Oldsaxon, Moesogothic, and Sanskrit.]
A, the article, 483, 495, 498, 622. — the character, 229. — particle, 254,
606 b. — the prefix, 449. — the vowel, 100, 103, 108, 109, 121, 175. — (in
French), 175. — (in Saxon), no, III, 175. 34°a-clocke, 449. a = have. 241. a-,
606 a, c. aa (digraph), 191. ab-, 606 c. aback, 190, 606 b. abacus, 363. abaft,
606 b. abbacy, 350. ABBANDUN, 580 Z. abbess, 384. abbey, 190. abdicate, 309. abed,
449, 606 b. abet, 77. . abeyance, 1 90. abidden, 267, 268. abide, 267, 606 a.
Abingdon, 580 a. ablative, 190. -able, 40 1, 403.
aboard, 190, 606 b. aboard of, 529. abode, 267. a-body, 477. abominable, 75. about,
176, 522, 559, 584, 606 b. about coming home, 580 f. above, 190. abridge, 75.
abroad, 190, 254. abrogate, 606 c. abs-, 606 c. absent, 75. absolutism, 365. absolve,
190. abstain, 606 c. abstemious, 190. abstraction, 227. abundant, 75abusive,
190. abut, 82. abyss, 190, 364. academic, 420. academy, 364. accept, 75, 403.
acceptable, 403. acceptance, 403. accepted, 403. accessible, 403. T t
accident, 32, 75. accidental, 418. accomplishment, 331. accord, 75. according,
545. account, 234, 403. accountable, 403. accountant, 403. accounted, 403. accoutre,
190. accurate, 417. accusation, 3^8. ace, 56. ache, 190. aches, 174. achieve,
190. achromatic, 190. acknowledge, 139. acme, 369. acorn. 112. acoustic, 420.
accoustics, 368. acquaint, 75, 423. acquaintance, 355. acquiesce, 190. acquittal,
360. acre, 113, 190, 316. act and deed, 77. action, 358. active, 190. 412. acumen,
363.
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(delwedd E6649) (tudalen 642)
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ñ642
I. INDEX
-acy, 329, 350. -ad, 329, 352. ad-, 606 c. •ada, 352. adapt, 606 c. add,
J" 5. ■ati&c, 6l. addle, III. -ade, 301, 329, 352. adequate,
6c6 c. adherent, 606 c. adieus, 221. adit, 32, 363. adjourn, 190. admeasure,
190. admiral, 353. admiralty, 349. admiration, 32. admit, 606 c. -ado, 352. ado,
455. adolescent, 190. adown, 606 b. advance, 75. advancement, 333. advantage,
75. adventure, 75, 1 55, 344. adventuresome, 399. adventurous, 190. adverse,
75. adversity, 75. advert, 606 c. advertisement, 347. advertize, 310, 347. advice,
75, 260. advise, 260. advocate, 56, 75. advow^on, 332. adze, ill. .ecer, 316.
aedile, 190. zefen, 137. aegis, 369. iELFRED, 324. rcnglis, 49. aestuary, 32.
iETHELING, 318. iEfHELRED, 324. sesthetick, 139, 420. afar, 6c6 b.
affair, 455. affection, 75. affluence, 356. affright, 190. affront, 190. afield,
449, 606 b. afloat, 190, 606 b. afoot, 499, 606 b. a-forlorn, 449. African,
419. after, 112, 113, 527. after-, 606 a. after all, 517. after a sort, 517. aftermath,
317. afternoon, 606. afterthought, 606 a. afterward, 606 a. against, 38, 527.
-age, 329, 335, 336. -ager, 336. aggrandisement, 347. aggregative, 412. aggrieve,
190. aghast, 153, 190. ago, 606 a. agog, 449. a gone, 190. agony, 364. a-good,
449. agreeable, 403. aground, 606 b. ahead, 190, 606 b. a-high, 449. ai
(digraph), 190. aid and abet, 75. -aign, 329, 350. -aigue, 350. -ain.329.359,401,402.
air, 75, 187. air-balloon, 601. air-built, 190. air-tight, 190. aisy = easy,
184. ajar, 606 b. Akemauchester, 20. akin, 606 b. -al, 360, 401, 411, 418, 419.
alack, 201.
alas, 75, 201. a-laughter, 449. Albania, 329. albee, 544. albeit, 544. album,
363. alchemy, 190, 329, 353. alcohol, 353. alcove, 353. alder, 20, 1 11. alder-liefest,
138. alderman, 1 14. AiDORMEN, 603. Aldresse (Doncaster), 384. ale, 59, 187. ale-conner,
319. Alfred, 113. algebra, 353. algorism, 3:3. algorithm, 353. -alian, 411,
419. aliant, 405. alien, 405. alient, 405. alight, 190, 196, 560, 606 a. alike,
196. alkali, 353. all, 103, 114, 162, 187, 190,471,500, 606 a. all-, 606 a. alledge,
75. Alleluia, 209. allcr, 138. all hail! 208. ajliance, 56, 75. all of them,
591. allow, 303. allowed, 303. all-powerful, 606a, 607. all-sufficient, 606
a. all-to, 606 a. all-wise, 606 a. ally, 75, 620. almanac, 3^3. almighty, 606
a. alms, 112, 187. aloft, 606 b. alone, 606 a.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6650) (tudalen 643)
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ñ6
43
along, 254, 449, 606 b. along of, 529. along on, 529. alongside, 606 b. aloof,
606 b. aloud, 449, 606 b. a-low, 606 b. alphabet, 190. already, 606 a. also,
520, 532, 535. altar, 190. alternative, 412. -alty, 35° alumnus, 363. Alwalda,
25. alway, always, 1 90, 515. am, 187, 254, 281. amain, 606 b. amateur, 351. ambitious,
190. ambrosia, 369. ambuscade, 352. amen, 210. amend, 75. amendment, 333. amends,
82. American, 419. amiable, 75. amid, 38. among, 526. amphibious, 190. an
(numeral and article), 52, 38, 168, 226, 483, 495, 498, 512. an- (Greek
prefix), 510. an, 166. an- (Saxon), 606 a. -an (adj.), 411, 419. -ax (inf.),
305, 580 a. -an (plural form), 379. analysis, 369. analytic, 420. anarchic,
420. anathema, 369. anathematize, 310. anatomize, 310. -ance, 355. ancient,
218. ancienter, 422.
ancientry, 331. anchor, n 1, 190. - anc y> 355» 356. -and, 263. and, 111,
520, 532, 540. 544. 549» 55°and-, 606 a. andiron, 606 a. Andrew, 175. and
where, 540. and which, 540. and who, 540. anecdote, 510. angelic, 406. anger,
59. angle, 329. Angle, 23. Anglian, 17. anglfscc, 49. Anglo-Saxon, 17. anguish,
75, 329. animosity, 357. animus, 363. anis = once, 515. Annamese, 408. anneal,
190. anodyne, 510. anomaly, 510. anonymous, 510. another, 498. answer, 190,
606 a. answerable, 404. -ant, 401, 405. antagonistic, 420. antarctic, 420. ante-,
606 c. antecedent, 606 c. antechapel, 606 c. antediluvian. 6c6 c. anteroom,
606 c. anti-, 606 c, 606 d. anticipate, 606 c. anticlinal, 6c6 d. antidote,
606 d. antipathy. 6c6 d. antipodes, 606 d. antiquity, 349. antithesis, 369,
606 d. antitype, 606 d. anvil, in. T t 2
anxious, 190. an y> 187, 512. anything, 234. apathetic, 420. ape, in, 260.
aphorism, 190. apiece, 19c, 449. a P ish . 393apo-, 606 d. apocalypse, 606 d.
apocrypha, 606 d. apogee, 606 c. apologetic, 420. apologue, 190. apology, 606
d. apostolic, 406. apostrophe, 606 d. appall, 190. apparel, 75. appeal, 190,
371. a PP e ar, 75, 190. appease, 75, 190. appetite, 75. Appian, 419. apple,
20, in, 316. appreciable, 403. appreciative, 412. approach, 190. approachable,
403. approval, 360. approve, 190. aquatic, 406. - ar ' 329, 33S, 418, 419. a-right,
449. arabesque, 190. Arabic, 405. Araby, 329. arbiter, 363. arbitress, 384. arcana,
363. .archaeological, 418. archaeology, 190. archaic, 420. archaism, 365. archangel,
190. archbishop, 114. architect, 140, 190. architectress, 384. Arctic, 420.
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(delwedd E6651) (tudalen 644)
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ñ644
7. INDEX
ard, 329, 342. ardor, 359. ardour, 359. arduous, 190. are, 173, 190, 281, 578area,
363. arena, 363. argument, 75. -arian, 411, 419. aright, 449. arise, 267, 606
a. aristocracy, 350. arithmetic, 368. arize (Sp.), 34 6 ark, 112. arm, 105,
316. armada, 352. Armenia, 329. armlet, 334. arms of precision, 425. am, 282.
aromatic, 420. around, 254, 559. arouse, 190. array, 75. arrearage, 56. aTrow,
316. arrow-wounded, 607. arsenal, 353. arson, 332. art (verb), 281. art, 75. -art,
342. Artegall his, 572. article, 234. artificial, 75. artistic, 406. -ary,
411, 414. 4 J 9 as (Sanskrit), 252, 277, 280. as, 221, 471, 535>53 6 > 539
-as ^plural), no, 378. as . . . so, so, 536. ascend, 560. ascendant, 75. ascetick,
161. ash, 20, 112,315,617. ash-house, 617.
ashore, 606 b. as it were, 579. ask, in, 638. asleep, 606 b. -asm, 367. aspect,
155. aspen, 20. asphalt, 190. ass, III. assay, 75. assays, 181. assemble, 75.
assent, 75 assize, 75. associative, 412. -ASSUS, 320. -ast, 367. astern, 606
b. asthma, 369. -astic, 420. astir, 606 b. astony, 75. asumere, 254. asunder,
495. at, 103, 113, 226, 254, 521, 606 a. at all, 517. at best, 448. -A$(ofSaxonverb),263.
at intervals, 448. at large, 448. at last, 448. at least, 448. at leastwise,
518. at length, 448. at most, 448. at next, 517. at no liand, 518. at once,
517. at random, 448. at worst, 448. ate (preterite), 182, 267. -ate, 309,
361, 411, 417. atheism, 305. atheist, 366. athletic, 420. athwart, 606 b. -ation,
321, 358, 372.
Atlantic, 420. atmosphere, 1 90. atom, 364. atomic, 420. -ator, 359. -atory,
411, 41 5attain, 75. attainder, 330. atte, 254. attempted, 557. attempting,
580 g. alter cop, 372. Attila, 377. attitude, 362. au (diphthong), 175, 191. au
(French), 254.; auctioneer, 340. audible, 403. audience, 75« auditor, 75. aught,
168, 479. augrim, 353. august (adj.), IS7 August, 157. aulnagc, 33 6 aulnc,
33 6 aulncgcr, 33 6 aunt, 175, 3 2 9auntie, 377. auricular, 418. auspicious,
190. authentic, 75, 420. authoritative, 412. authority, 75. authorship, 327. auto-,
606 d. autobiography, 606 d. autocrat, 606 d. autograph, 190, 606 d. automatic,
606 d. autonomous, 606 d. autopsy, 606 d. autumn, 190. available, 403. avarice,
345. avaunt, 75. aventure, 155. average. 335. avert, 606 c.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6652) (tudalen 645)
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ñ645
Avon, 19. avowal, 360. awake, 606 a. away, 30, 183, 196, 606 b. awe, 315. awfully,
440. afomter, 254. awkwardness, 320. awl, in, 316. awn, 316. awork, 449. ax =
ask, 638. axe, ill. Axe, 19. ay, 102, 104, 179, 181, 182, 183, 184. aye, 202.
ayt, 182. -aze, 367. azimuth, 353. azure, 75, 191. azurn (Milton), 391.
B, the character, 229. B, consonant, 136, 137. bacchanalian, 419. bace ( =
base), 162. BACE = bake, 274. bacen, 274. bachelor, 75, 338. bad, 388, 422. bade,
267. badge, 112, 315. BJECERE, 3I9, 385. B^CISTRE, 385. baggage, 335. baile
and borowe, 77. bairn, 86. bake, 267, 617. bake-ed, 274. bakehouse, 617. baken,
267. baker, 112. balance, 75. balcony, 619. ball, 103. ballad, 352. balloon,
342.
balustrade, 352. band, 123. banish, 74, 75. baptise, 75. baptistery, 364. barbaresque,
407. barbaric, 420. bard, 20. Bardic, 405. bare, 267, 388. barm, 316. barn,
274. barn-door, 226. barony, 329. barren, 75. barricade, 352. barrier, 339. barrow,
316. Bartholomew, 175. basin, 343. basis, 369. basket, 20. bastard, 342. baste
— beast, 184. bat, 103, 260. bate, 267, 268. fjatc, 103. bath, 112, 113. bathos,
369. battery, 331. battle, 75, 329. battlement, 333. Bavaria, 329. Baxter,
385. be-, 306, 559, 606 a. be (verb), 5, 178, 255, 277, 278, 279, 281, 284,
291, 559, 578, 579' 5 § rbe off, 524. beacon, 316. beadledom, 323. beadsman,
607. beah, 267, 274. beah-gifa, 603. bealh, 267. beam, 20, 316. bean, 20. bear,
5, 11, 187, 267, 315.
beast, 75, 179. beat, beaten, 181, 267. beatify, 308. beating (Yarmouth), 8
2. beatitude, 362. Beauchamp, 184. beautify, 308. beauty, 75. bec, 381. because,
534,548,606. bechance, 306. become, 267, 306,559, 585, 606 a. bed, 12,315. bee,
104, 178, 315. beech, 5, 20. beef, 41. bee hive, 566. been, 267, 278, 281. befal,
306. befit, 306. before, 158, 220. befriend, 306. began, 124, 267, 296. beget,
267, 306. begin, 117, 124, 267, 3°6. . beginning, 32. begnaw, 306. begrime,
306. beguile, 306. begun, 124, 267. behalf, 234, 606 a. behave, 306. behead,
306. behest, 606 a. behold, 199, 267, 306. behoof, 606 a. behove, 306. behowl,
306. being, 280, 545, 580 e. beleeue, 146, 184. beleeued, 184. belgan, 267. belie,
306. belief, 606 a. belieffulness, 321. believe, 184, 262, 303, 306. believed,
303.
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(delwedd E6653) (tudalen 646)
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ñ6
4 6 believer, 319. believes, believest, 262. belike, 534. bell, 20. bellicose,
412. belong, 306, 606 a. belove, 306. bemad, 306. bemete, 306. bemoan, 306. bemock,
306. bemoil, 306. bend, 301. bended, 301. beneath, 606 a. beneficence, 356. benevolence,
356. benevolent, 416, 417. Bengalese, 408. benign, 75. benignity, 75,
349benison, 332. bent, 301. beon, 267. BEORHT, 132. bepaint, 306. bequeath,
306. berattle, 306. berct, 132. Bercta, 132. BERCTFR1D, I 32. BERCTGILS, 1
32. BERCTHUN, 1 32. BERCTRED, 1 32. BERCTUALD, I3 2 « bere, 20, 41, 104. bereave,
306. berhyme, 306. berry, 133beseech, 306. beseek, 306. beseem, 306. beset,
79, 306. beshrew, 306. besides, 527. beseige, 75, 79> 3W BESITTAN, 79, beslubber,
306. besmear, 306. besmirch, 306.
7. INDEX besom, 316. besort, 306. besot, 306. bespeak, 306. bespice, 306. best,
422, 431. bestain, 306. bestead, 306. bestill, 306. bestir, 306. bestow, 306.
bestraught, 306. bestrew, 306. bestride, 306, 650. betake, 306. beteem, 306. bethink,
306. Bethlehemite, 363. bethump, 306. betide, 306. betoken, 306. betoss, 306.
betray, 79, 306. betrim, 306. betroth, 306. better, 422. between, betwixt, 606
a. beuk, 267, 268. bewail, 306. beweep, 306. bewet, 306. bewitch, 306. bewray,
79, 306. BHU, 277. bible, 75, 329bid, bidden, 117, 159, 267, 268. bide, 159. bier,
315. big, 278. bight, 317. Bill = Will, 373. billowy-bosomed, 608. billy-goat,
384. bin, 267. bind, 105, 1.23, 267. binder, 319. birch, 20. bird, 638
(note).
BISCOPHAD, 326. bishopric, 328, 603. bissopes, 61. bit, 105, 267. bit bodie,
377. bite, bitten, 105, 267. black, in. blackbird, 606, 618. blade, 112. blain,
316. blame, 75. blanch, 75. blanc-mange, 75. blank, 400. blatant, 405. Blaunche,
175. bleed, bled, 288. blemish, 74. blessing, 318. BLETSUNG, 3 1 8. blew,
267. blight, 105, IIIblind, 117. blindness, 320. bliss, 315blood, 12. bloodthirsty,
604. bloody, 394. bloom, 20. bloomy, 395. blossom, 20. blow, blown, 267. board,
41. Board School, 565. boar-pig, 384. boast, 75, 187. boat, in, 3 J
5boatswain, 597, 601. Bob, 373. BOC, 274, 38I. BOCERAS, 319. bodie,
377bodkin, 317, 377body, 477, 640. BOGEN, 274. boisterous, 409. bold, 388. BOLGEN,
267. bombastic, 406. bond, 123.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS,
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(delwedd E6654) (tudalen 647)
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ñ$47
bondage, 335. bondsman, 572, 607. bone, in, 315. BONE, 88. bonnie, 88. bonny,
86, 88. book-Latin, 603. books, 381. boon, 172. boor, 41. boorish, 393. boot
(to-boot), 82. bore, 267. born, 267. borne, 267. borough, 153, 315. fafJVOrjje,
77. borrow, 316. bosom, 316. bote (noun), 82. bote, 267, 268. both, 12. bought,
288. bound, bounden, 267. bountihed, 326. bounty, 75. bouquet, 154, 334. bow,
267, 399. bowed, 274. bowel, 329. bower, 119, 316. bowln, 267, 268. bowne,
267, 268. bow-wow, 228. b °y. 187, 328. boyhood, 326. 'Boz,' 373. bracelet,
334. br^ed, 274. bb_3:gp, 274. ER^GEN, 316. braggart, 342. braided, 274. brain,
316. brake, 267. bramble, 20, 112. bran, 20. branchlet, 334. brand (fire-),
111. brast, 267.
bravado, 352. brave, 390, 400. ' bravery, 331. brazen, 391. BREAC, 274. bread,
12, 179, 315. bread-and-cheese, 599. breadloaf, 599. breadth, 317. break, 11,
181, 184, 267. breaking (inf.), 580 a. breaking up, 501. break-up, 501. break-water,
597. breast, 315. breath, 260. breathe, 252, 260, 280. BREC, 381. breeches,
20. bred, 288. BREDE, 274. breed, 288. BREGDE, 274. breeks, 381. brether,
380. brethren, 380. BRETWALDA, 25. brew, 617. brewhouse, 617. brick house,
425. bridal, 360. bride, 315. bridegoom = bridegroom, 187. bridge by bridge,
450. bridle, 117. brigade, 352. bright, 117, 132, 388. brighten, 305. BR1HT,
I32. Brihthelm, 132. Brihtnoth, 132. Brihtric, 132. Brihtwold, 132. Brihtwulf,
132. brinded, 389. brindle, 389. brindled, 389.
bring, 288. brisk, 431. Brittany, 329. brittle, 389. broad, 111. broaden,
305. broad-shouldered, 607. broc, 381. BROCEN, 274. BRODEN, 274. BROGDEN,
274. broided, 274. broke, 267. broken, 267. brooked, 274. brooklet, 377. broomstick,
612. brother, 5, 11, 316. brotherhood, 326. brought, 288/ brownie, 377. bruce,
274. bruze (Sp.), 346. BRYDLAC, 325. bubble, 316, 377. buccaneer, 340. buck,
119, 315. budget, 334. buds' nesens (Norfolk). 38o. buffoon, 342. buge, 274. build,
301. builded, 301. buildress, 384. built, 301. Bulgaria, 329. bull, 118, 191.
bullock, 317. bumpkin, 377. bumptious, 411. bundle, 316. buoyant, 405. burden,
316. burdie, 377. burgage, 335. burgess, 348. burgh, 153Burgundy, 329. burh,
153.
6+8 burial, 360. burly, 394. burned, 74, 274. BURNEN, 274. burst, 267. "bursten,
267. 'bus, 370. bush, 118. bushel, 316, 329. business, 83, 234. bustard, 342.
busy, 83. but, 119, I7 6 > 2I 9» 220, 226, 520, 522, 533. 549 BUT AN, I78,
2 20. butcher, 338. butt-end, 79. buttress, 82. buxom, 32, 399. buy, 228. buzzard,
342. by, 187, 226, 447, 521, 5 22 > 5 2 3> 5 2 5> 533- 559by-, 606
a. -by, 278. by all means, 448. by cantelmele, 447. by cause, 534. by chance,
448. byewts, 107. by-lane, 602 a. by my fey, 317. by-path, 606 a. by'r-leave,
206. byrne, 274. by-stander, 606 a. by turns, 448. by us, 631. by-way, 606 a.
by-word, 606 a. by-work, 606 a.
C (French) 134. C (Saxon) = tch, 147, 165. C convertible with S, 162.
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(delwedd E6655) (tudalen 648)
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ñI.
INDEX C, the consonant, 132, 139, 147, 148. J 49C = s, 162. cab, 370. cable,
216. caddie, 377. c.eg, 147. caitiff, 75, 394. calculate, 32. calf, 41,
3J5calisthenics, 368. call, 59, 103, 139callow, 388. came, 267. cameless,
384. campaign, 350, 402. campanile, 353. can, 32, 36, 168, 291, 294, 587. Canaanite,
363. canakin, 377. Candish, 633. candle, III, 329. cane, 187. canine, 413. cannonade,
352. canoe, 177. canon, 32, 369. cantata, 353. canteen, 343. canto, 353. cap,
260. cape, 75. Capital, 418. capon, 111, 342. captain, 402. captainess, 384. capting,
580 a. captivate, 309. captive and thrall, 75. capture, 344. caravan, 353. carbonate,
361. carcern, 18. Cardinal, 418. cards, 55. care, III. careless, 605. carelessness,
320. carf, 267, 269.
caricature, 344. cark and care, 628 a. Carlylese, 408. carnage, 335. carnal,
418. carpenter, 75, 338. carriage, 75, 335. carry, 75. cart, 113, 638 (note),
cart-horse, 601. carve, 267. carven, 267. cascade, 352. case, 75, 234, 543. cast,
59, 267. casten, 267, 269. castle, 41, 75, 329. casualty, 349. casuist, 366. casuistry,
366. cat, 103, in. catastrophe, 369. catastrophism, 365. catch, 288. cate,
103. catechism, 365. cathartic, 420. Cathedral, 418. catholick, 161. Catholicism,
365. catkin, 317. cat-o'-nine-tails, 61 1, cattle, 75, 329. cattle-disease,
565. caught, 288. cause, 75, 534. caustic, 420. cauterize, 310. cavalcade,
352. cavalry, 331. Cavendish, 633. -cayve, 1 84. CAZIEI, I34. cc (Saxon),
147. CEAFU, I47. cease, 75. CEASTER, l8, I47. CEAW, 274. cedarn (T.), 39 1
celestial, 75.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6656) (tudalen 649)
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ñ649
celestiall, 162. cement, 333. cemetery, 364. cempa, 139. CENE, I39, I47. censure,
344. census, 363. cent, 139, 147. center, 187. centre, 134. ceol, 147. ceorl,
1 4 7. ceosan, 147. CEOWE, 274. CEPAN, I39, 147. cere, 104. certain, 75, 402,
497. certainly, 32. certainty, 349. certes, 75. certitude, 362. cesser, 333. ch
(Italian), 140. ch (French) =sh, 134. ch, 134, 140, 147, 148, 149, 191. -ch,
393. chafer, in. chaff, 112, 147, 150, 374chaftare, 617. chagrin, 134. chain,
75. chaise, 134. Chaldee, 34 r. cham = I am, 255. chamber, 75. chamois, 134. champagne,
134. champion, 75,139,342. chance, 32, 56, 75. chancellor, 41. changed, 75,
140, 303. changeling, 318, 377. change's sake, 572. chanon, 147. chant, 147,
175. chanter, 337. chaos, 369. chapel, 329.
chaplain, 402. chapman, 147, 617, 618. chapmanhode, 326. chapelry, 331. chaplet,
334. character, 140, 369. characteristic, 420. charade, 134. charge, 75. charioteer,
340. charity, 56, 75, 349. charlatan, 134. Charlotte, 134, 140. charm, 75. chase,
75. chasm, 367. chast, 147. chaste, 75. chastise, 347. chastisement, 333,
347. chastity, 75. chattels, 56. chaunt, 175. chayt, 182. cheap, cheaper,
cheapest, 217. Cheapside= marketside, 617. cheer, 75. cheesen (Dorset), 380. chemist,
366. chemistry, 366. cherry, 381. Chester, 147. -Chester, 18. chestnut horse,
565. chewed, 274. cheyney, 175. Chezy, 134. chicanery, 134. chick, 381. chicken,
117, 316, 381. chickens, 381. chicking, 580 a. chid, chidden, 267. chide,
147, 267. chi ef, 75> 3^9chiefly, 441. chieftain, 402.
chiere and face, 77. chiefly, 441. child, 105, 117, 147, 428. childer, 380. childhood,
326, 605. childly, 398. children, 380. childring, 580 a. chill, 147. chill =
1 will, 255. chin, 117, 147, 315. China, 173. Chinese, 408. Chippenham, 617. Chipping
Norton, 617. Chipping Ongar, 617. chirurgeon, 134. chivalrous, 75. chivalry,
75, 134. chlorate, 361. chode, 267, 269. Cholmondeley, 633. chorus, 369. choose,
chosen, 147, 267. chough, 153. christen, 305, 391. Christendom, 323. christian,
391, 419. Christianity, 323. christianize, 310. chronicle, 140. chud — 1
would, 255. Chumley, 633. chump, 187. church, 140, 147, 148, 425. church-ale,
360. churl, 41, 55, 147,316. churlish, 393. Ciceter, 633. cidan, 147. CILD,
I47. Cingalese, 408. Cin, 147. cink, 56. ci P her > 353 CIRCE, I47. circuit,
75.
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(delwedd E6657) (tudalen 650)
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ñ650
circular, 418. circum-, 606 c. circumference, 356. circumlocution, 606 c. circumnavigate,
606 c. circumspect, 606 c. circumstance, 75, 234, 355> 6 ° 6 c -cism, 365.
city, 75. i34» 349citycism, 365. civil, 413. civility, 349. ck, 161. clad,
288. clamour, 331. class, 32, 363. classification, 227. clave, 267. Claverton,
633. clean, 179, 431. cleanliness, 322. cleanly, 398. clear, 75. cleave =
divide, 267. cleave = adhere, 267. clemency, 227, 356. clergy, 329. clerk,
169. clever, 375. clew, 139. climacterick, 16 1. climax, 369. climb, 137,
267. climbe, 274. climbed, 274. cling, 267. cloister, 75. clomb, 267. clomrjm,
267. closure, 344. cloth, ill, 315. clothe, 288. clothed, 288. clothier, 338.
clout, 20, 119. clove, cloven, 267. clover, 20, 316. CLUMBEN, 274. clung,
267.
7. INDEX cIuptC = call, 6l. CNAPA, I47. CNAWAN, I47. CNEDAN, I47. CNEOW, I47.
CNIHT, I47. co = with, 606 C. coal-layers, 598. coal-producing, 598. coast-line,
598. coat, 187. coat-of-arms, 609. coaxation, 358. cob, 139. cobweb, 372. Cockaigne,
35°» 4 02 cock-boat, 20. cock-chafer, 316. cockerel, 329. cockle, 20. cock-sparrow,
384. cod, 20. codify, 308. codling, 318. coeval, 606 c. cognizance, 355. cold,
388. collation, 75. colour, 84. colourable, 404. comb, in. come, 267, 585. come
by, 559. come down, 560. come in, 597. comelely, 438. comen, 267, 269. come
on, 584. comer, 339. comestibles, 218. come up, 501. comfort, 75. comfortable,
403, 404. comlgng, 3 l8 command, 75. commandant, 405. commandment, 75. commaundment,
333. commencing, 32. commend, 75.
commendatory, 415. comrneth, 146. commission, 75. common, 75, 400. commonwealth,
600. company, 75,329,606 c. comparative, 412. comparison, 332. compass, 75. compassement,
333. compassion, 32, 75' 358.. compassionate, 41 7compendium, 363. competence,
356. complain, 75. complete, 157. complexion, 75. composedness, 320. tompostrt-um(Ch.),77.
comprehend, 75. comrade, 352. con, 294. con-, 606 c. conceave, 184. conceit,
75. conceive, 184. concern, 234. conclude, 75. conclusion, 75. conclusive,
412. conculcation, 358. condign, 105. condition, 32, 75. conditional, 418. condone,
32. confessional, 418. confidence, 356. confound, 75. confusion, 75 conjecture,
75. conjoin, 75. Coiikwell, 633. conner, 319. connoisseur, 351. conquest, 75.
conscience, 75, 356. consciousness, 320. consciousnesses, 320. conscilt, 61.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6658) (tudalen 651)
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ñ651
consequence, 356. conserve, 75. consider, 75. considerate, 417. Consols, 371.
consonant, 606 c. conspiring, 580 c. constable, 75. constancy, 355, 356. constant,
405. constrain, 75. constitutionalize, 310. consular, 418. consulate, 361. contagion,
75. contemplate, 619. contemporary, 2 1 8.4 1 4, 606 c. contemptible, 403. content,
75. contentedness, 320. contest, 155. contra-, 606 c. contraband, 606. contractile,
413. contradict, 606 c. contrariwise, 518,605. contrary, 75, 156. rontric,
155. contrition, 358. contro-, 606 c. controversy, 606 c. contumacy, 350. convey,
75. cook, 75. coolnesses, 320. coost, 267, 269. cope, 75. Copenhagen,
216,617. coquette, 334. corage, 155. coral-paven, 391. cordial, 75, 401. CORFEN,
267. cormorant, 430. corn, 20, 315. Cornwall, 22. corny, 395. coronation, 75,
358. corpulent, 417.
correct, 75. cosmos, 369. cottage, 335 cou g h > 153couple, 329. could,
168, 187, 291, 294, 587. counsell, 75, 162. count, 32, 41. countenance, 75. counter,
339. counter-, 606 b. counteract, 606 b. counterfeit, 75, 606 b. countermove,
606 b. counter- reformation, 606 b. counter-revolution, 606 b. countess, 41,
75, 384. country, 75, 155. country-dance, 606 b. country-house, 612. courage,
75, 155. course, 75, 234. court > 75» 3 2 9 courteous, 75, 409. courtesy,
75, 78, 329. cousin, 75, 343. couth, 119, 168, 632. covenant, 75. cover, 75. cover-chief,
75. covetise, 345, 346. covetize (Sp.), 346. covetous, 409. cow (verb), 59. cow,
41, 1 19, 315. coward, 342. cowardice, 345, 347. cowslip, 119. crab, in. crack,
139. cradle, in, 316. craft, 315. craftsman, 607. crag, 20. crane, iit. crap,
267, 269. CRAWE, CRAWEN, 274.
CREAP, 274. creative, 412. creator, 75. creature, 75. credence, 75. creditor,
359. creed, 104. creep, 267, 274, 288. creeped, 304. creope, 274. CREOW, 274.
crept, 274, 288. crescive, 412. cress, 638. crew, 267. crib, 12. cricket,
334. crime, 75. criminatory, 415. crisis, 369. criterion, 369. criticism,
365. crochet, 334. crock, 20. cro P> 59- J 39crope, 267, 269. cropen, 267,
269, 274. cross-barred, 607. crouny (inf.), 61. crow, 267. crowed, 274. crown,
75. cruel, 75, 401. cruell, 162. cruelty, 75. cruppen, 267. crusade, 352. CU,
381. Cudbriht, 132. cudto, cudtono, 254. culture, 344. CUMAN, Il8. C UN NAN,
l68. cunningest, 422. cupola, 353. curate, 75, 361. curator, 363. cure, 75. curious,
75. curiosity, 357.
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(delwedd E6659) (tudalen 652)
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ñ652
I. INDEX
curtain, 343. utrtctsgc, 78. custom, 56, 75. cut, 139. cw = qu, 142. cvoi'8,
142. CWALM, I42. cweJ>an, 267. CWEN, I42. cwic, 142. CY, 381. -cy, 322. cygnet,
334. CY$, I49. CYLE, I47. CYN, I39, I49. CYNERIC, 328. CYNING (A. S.), 3l8. CYNG,
I39. CYPMAN, I47. Cyprian, 419. CYRICE, I47. D, the character, 229. D, the
consonant, 138, 149. daddie, 377. dafler — daughter, 153. dagas, no. dagger,
103. dainties, 75. dainty, 394. dale, 10. tialfe, 267. Dalmatia, 329. damage,
335. dame, 329. damn, 75« damsel, 329. Bait = dominus, 336. dance, 75. danger,
75, 336. Danish, 393. Dantesque, 407. dare, 240, 291. daresay, 240. darkling,
436. darknesses, 320. darksome, 399.
darling, 318. dart, 260. Dartmouth, 169. Darwinism, 365, 419. dastard, 342. date,
103. daughter, g, 10, 132, 153. 3i6. daunceress, 384. day, 10, 127, 179. day
by day, 433, 450. dayly, 433days, no, 378, 435. daysman, 607. days of yore,
425. de-, 606 c. dead, 179, 388. MED-BOT, 82. deaf, 10. DEAF, 274. deal, 10,
179, 234,288, 315. 479dealer, 319. DEALF, 274. deanery, 331. dear, 179, 181,
388. dearth, 317. death, 10, 179, 181. debate, 75. debonair, 75. deceave,
184. deceit, 75. deceive, 184. deceiued, 146, 184. decency, 322. decimate,
309. declare, 75. decree, 341. deed, 10, 315. deemster, 385. deep, 305, 430. deepen,
305. deep-throated, 607. deer, 5, 41, 104, 133, 3 X 5> 382. defence, 75,
356. defend, defended, 303. deficit, 363. degree, 32, 75, 341.. dehonestation,
358.
deify, 308. deject, 606 c. dejectedness, 320. delectable, 410. DELFE, I37,
274. delicacy, 350. delicate, 417. delight, 75. delightfullest, 422. delightsome,
399. delinition, 358. ticlttarjlc, 410. delt, 288. delve, 137, 267. delve-ed,
274. demand, 75. demise, 56. demurrer, 330. den, 20. denomination, 32. deodorize,
310, 606 c. depart, 75, 560. departure, 344. depend, 546. dependent, 416. depend
upon it, 545. deportment, 331. deposit, 363. depot, 329. Derby, 169. derive,
75. derogatory, 415. IBertcmoutfje, 169. Derwent, 19. descend, 75, 560, 606
c. describe, 75. description, 75, 358. desert, 75. deserve, 75. desirable,
403. desire, 75desolate, 417. despair, 75, 606 c. despise, 75. despite, 531. despite
of, 531. despotic, 420. destiny, 75. destruction, 75* desyre, 162.
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(delwedd E6660) (tudalen 653)
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ñOF
LETTERS AND WORDS.
t>53
detecting, 580 c. detective, 412. determinate, 75, 417. detriment, 333. detritus,
363. deuce, 56. devastation, 358. development, 333. developmental, 418. device,
260. devise, 56, 75, 260. devize, 346. devotee, 341. devotion, 75. devour,
75. dexterity, 349. dexterous, 409. dh, 191. diadem, 368. diagnosis, 369. diatonic,
420. dice, 55. Dick, 373. did, 285, 296, 298,586, 587 diet, 75. difference,
75» 35^. diffidence, 356. dig, 108, 125, 267. digestible, 75. dight, 105. dignify,
308. dignity, 75. diker, 117. dilemma, 369. dilettante, 353. diligence, 75. diligent,
75. diluent, 416. discern, 75. diocesan, 419. dip, 10, 105, 187. directly,
539, 541. di r tv > 394dis-, 606 c. disadvantage, 606 c. disastrous, 409. disc
= dish, 19. DISC-))EGN, 19.
disclaimer, 330. disclosure, 344. discount, 606 c. discord, 75. discover, 75.
discredit, 606 c. discreet, 75« discretion, 75. disdain, 75, 606 c. disese and
wo, 77* disguize (Sp.), 346. dish, 117. dislike, 606 c. dislodge, 75. dismissal,
360. dispite, 75. disport, 75. disposal, 360. disquietude, 362. dissent, 606
c. distinctive, 412. distress, 75. distributing, 580 c. disturb, 606 c. ditcher,
319. diurnal, 418. dive, 276. dive-ed, 274. divers, 75. divine, 157, 413. divinity,
75. division, 75. do, 187, 242, 285, 298, 453. 586, 587. docile, 413. doctor,
75. doctorship, 327. dofen, 274. dog, 328. dogge, 222. do gg ie .
377dog-kennel, 601. dogma, 369. dogmatist, 366. dog-wolf, 384. DOHTER, I32. DOLFEN,
274. dolven, 267. -dom, 315, 322, 323, 328.
domain, 56. dome, 41. domestic, 406. domestical, 418. Dominican, 419. done,
285, 298. done-up, 501. do not go, 586. doom, 315. door, 5, 10, 315. tlOStlt,
255. dotard, 342. doth, 66. double, 75. doubt, 75, 546. dough, 10, 153. doughty,
394. dove (noun), 176. dove (verb pret.), 276. dower, 339. down, 20. down (of
a peach), 315. downward, 400. dozen, 456. draftsman, 607. drag, 10. drag-net,
112. drama, 369. dramatic, 420. drank, 124, 267. drastic, 420. draught, 153. draw,
267. drawing, 580 c. drawn, 267. dream, 59. trrcrsfjctiti, 326. dress,
75drew, 267. drink,io, 124, 267,315. drink of water, 599. drive, driven, 10,
105, 267. drone, ill, 315. dropping, 580 c. drove, 267. drunk, 124, 267. drunkard,
342. drunken, 267,269, 391. du (French), 187.
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(delwedd E6661) (tudalen 654)
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ñ^54
/. INDEX
du (French), 187. duchess, 384. duckling, 377. due, 187. DUFE, 274. dug, 267.
duke, 41. dulcify, 308. dullard, 342. dungeon, 342. duration, 75. duresse,
348. during, 86. durst, 291. dust, 119. dusty, 394. Dutch, 393. dwarfish,
393. dwell, 59, 280. DYDE, 285. dynamic, 420. E, the vowel, 100, 103, 104,
120, 121. -e, final, 121, 148, 158, 159' I 9 I » 38o, 438. e-, = from, out
of, 606 c. ea, pronunciation of, 179, 181, 182, 183, 184. e = eh, 179. ea
(terminal), 181. each, 496. each one, 478Eadred, 324. eagan, 379. eager, 182.
eagle, 182. eagle-eyed, 607. eala, 201. ear, 133, 315. earl, 41, 59, 316. earlier,
502. early days, 573. earth, 12, 315. earthly, 398. earthy, 394. ease, 75,
181. easily, 75.
east, 315. eastwards, 435. easy, 75, 186. eat, eaten, 181, 182, 187, 267. eating,
185. ECGBRIHT, I32. echo, 369. eclecticism, 365. ecumenical, 418. -ed, 301,
388, 389, 39 6 edge, 12, 187, 315. edge-tool, 601. edifice, 345. edify, 308. educate,
educated, 303. Edward, 329. ee (sound), 184. ee (digraph), 191. -ee, 178,
341. eel, 187. een = eyne, eyes, 379. -eer, 329, 340. effect, 75. effeminacy,
322. effeminateness, 322. efficacy, 350. efficient, 416. eftsoones, 515. egg
(verb), 59. Cggclmps = edgewise, 435eggs, 380. egotist, 366. egress, 32. -eht,
or -iht, 397. ei (sound), 171, 184. eight, 458. eighty, 458. -eign, 350, 401,
402. eject, 606 c. -el, 329, 389, 40 r. elective, 412. electrify, 308. elegant,
405, 423. element, 75, 333. elementary, 624. elephantess, 384. eleven, 458.
elf, 227. elf-needled, 608. elixir, 353. ell, 187. elm, 20, 315. elmen, 391,
425. elm-tree, 425. eloquence, 75. eloquenter, 422. else, 226, 515. elude,
606 c. elves, 331. elvisch. 393. em-, 606 b. 'em = them, 489. -em, 368. embalm,
606 b. embarrass, 333. embarrassment, 333. embellish, 74. emblem, 368. embouchure,
32. embrace, 75. embrasure, 344. eminence, 356. eminent, 416. emperor, 75,
337. empress, 384. emprise, 75. emprize, 346. emptiness, 320. emulation, 358.
en-, 308, 606 b. -en, 66,305, 383, 391, 396, 401, 402, 580, 580 a. -en
(plural form), 379, 380. enact, 606 b. encamp, 606 b. enchantment, 75, 333. -ence,
356. encomium, 369. encroach, 308. encroachment, 333. -ency, 329, 356. ENDAS,
1 10. endeavour, 606 b. endeavour our: elves, 588.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6662) (tudalen 655)
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ñ^55
endite, 75. ends, no, 37S. endure, 75. ene=eyes, 379. enfranchise, 606 b. engagement,
331. engender, 75, 606 b. -enger, 329, 336. engine, 140. England, 17, 121. HEncrlis,
49Englisc, 25, 49. English, 17, 23, 26, 121, 393. enhance, 308. enigma, 369. enjoy,
606 b. enlighten, 606 b. enlist, 606 b. IZnngltsfj, ISnngliss, 49, 61. enough,
153, 606 a. enow, 606 a. enquire, 606 b. ensample. 75, 606 b. ensue, 606 b. -ent,
411, 416, 417. enterprize, 346. enthrall, 606 b. enthusiasm, 367. enthusiast,
367. enthusiastic, 420. entice, 606 b. enticing, 404. entire, 606 b. entrance.
32. enumerate, 32. envenom, 75. em? y> 75. 3-9eo, 177. -eous 401, 409. Ephraimite,
363. epi-, 606 d. epic, 420. epicycle, 606 d. epidemic, 606 d. epidermis. 606
d. epigram, 606 d. epilogue, 606 d. episcopacy, 350.
episcopalian, 419. episcopate, 361. epitaph, 606 d. epitome, 3^9, 606 d. epoch,
364. equality, 349. equilibrium, 363. equity, 75, 349. equivalent, 417. er
(sound of), 169. er (conjunction), 541. -er, 315, 319, 329,330, 337. 338,
339» 39 2 » 4 22 > 575eradicate, 309. -EBE, 3I9, 338. ere (conjunction),
541. errant, 75, 405. erroneous, 409. -ery, 329, 331, 366. -ery (Greek), 364.
-es (possessival), £72. -es (verbal), 66. -\ 57 2 escape, 75. eschew, 75. esculent,
417. escutcheon, 342. -ese, 408. Esk, 19. espionage, 335. esplanade, 352. espousals,
360. -esque. 401, 407. -ess, 348, 384. -esse, 329, 348. -est, 575. -ESTRE,
385. Esstx, 25. estate, 32, 75, 329. estimable, 403. estimate, 309, 361. -et,
3 2 9- 334. 377etch, 1S7. eternal, 75. 418. eternall, 162. CtfStlt. 254. -eth,
66, 596. ethic, 420. ethics, 368.
etiquette, 334. -ette, 329, 334, 377. eulogium, 363. euphemism, 365. evading,
580 a. evangelical, 418. evangelize, 310. even, 137, 316, 391. evenings, 434,
446. ever. 54 1. ever-each, 496. everlastingness, 320. every, 496. everybody,
477, 496. every one, 478. rrjrrgrfj, 496. everychon, 496. everything, 234,
479, 496. evidence, 356. evil, 316, 389. evolutionism, 365. ew (diphthong),
175. ewe, 107. ex-, 6c6 c. exactitude, 362. exalt, 142. excarnitication, 358.
excellence, 75, 356. excellences, 356. excellencies, 356. excellency, 356. except,
528. Ex-chancellor, 606 c. exchange, 75. exchange-stroke, 612. exchequer,
353. exclusive, 412. exculpate, 309. exculpatory, 415. excuse, 75. Exe, 19. execution,
75. executive, 412. exegesis, 369. exercize (Sp.), 346. exhaust, 142. exigence,
356. exist, 252. exit, 32, 363.
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(delwedd E6663) (tudalen 656)
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ñ6
5 6
I. INDEX
Ex-Mayor, 606 c. exodus, 369. exorbitant, 405. exotic, 142. expect, 606 c. expedient,
416. expence, 356. expenditure, 344. expense, 356. experience, 75, 356. expert,
75. expiatory, 415. expostulate, 309. expound, 75, 138. expression, 32. extraordinary,
431. extreme, 428. extremely, 428. rg, 380. -ey. 394 eye, 102, 260, 315. eyen,
379. eyne, 379, 380. rgrm, 3 8 ° F, the character, 229. F, the letter, 136,
137, 153*"=gh, 153f=«, 153. fable, 329. fabled graces, 457. fabledom,
323. fabricate, 309. fabulosity, 357. face, 75, 329. facet, 334. facile, 4 1
3. faculty, 75. fade, 187. fail, 75. failure, 344. fain, 391. fair, 388, 423.
fairer, 58. fairies, 331. fairy, 227, 331. fairy-cupped, 608. faith, 56, 75,
317.
faithfull (Sp.), 162. falcon, 342. fall, 103, 187, 267. fallacy, 350. fallen,
267. fallow, 112, 388. false, 75. falsehood, 326. fame, 75. familiar, 418. families
of note, 425. famine, 343. fan, in. fancy-free, 604. fani, 127. fantastic,
406. far, 187. far-fetched, 607. farrago, 363. farrier, 169. far-seeing, 607.
fare, III. farewells, 221. farm, 316. fashion, 332. fast, 112, 187, 305. -fast,
388, 400. fasten, 305. fastidious, 409, 424. fat, 103, 112, 187. fat, a
vessel, 315. fate, 103, 187. father, 4, 108, 109, no, 112, 187, 316. fathom,
112, 316. falling, 318. fatty, 394. fault, 168. faulty in the extreme, 42'8. favor,
187. favour, 176. fawn-skin-dappled, 608. fayt, 182. FEALDE, FEALDEN, 274. fealty,
56, 349. fear, 181. fear nor favour, 628 a. feast, 75. feat, 182.
feather, 316. feature, 182. feawa, 129. febrile, 413. feculent, 417. fed,
288. feeble, 401. feed, 4, 288. feel, 288. feet, 104, 128, 381. felicity, 75.
fell, 4, 267, 269. fellow, 59, 316. fellow-circuiteer, 340. fellowship, 327. felon,
342. felony, 75, 329. felt, 288. feminine, 413. fen, 127. feoffee, 341. feoh,
4. FEOLD, 274. fer dayes, 573. ferrier, 169. fertile, 413. fervour and
fervor, 359 fet, 288. fetch, 288. fether = feather, 187 feverfew, 175. few,
129, 479. few of us, 591. fey, 317. fickle, 389. fiddler, 319, 385. fiddleress,
385. fidelity, 349. fief, 56. field, 315. field-path, 566, 599. fierce,
75fifth, 117. fifty, 117, 458 fight, 105, 26 3I7 % ure > 7S> 303 figured,
303. filial, 187.
260, 26
h
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6664) (tudalen 657)
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ñ$57
fill, 117. filly, 4. filth, 317. filth y> 394 fin, 159. finch, 117. find,
105, 267. finding, 580 c. fine, 159, 423, 428. finesse, 348. finger, 117,
316. finish, 74. fir, 159. , fire, 4. fire-bote, 82. firmament, 75, 333. first,
460. firstling, 318. fish, 4, 315. fisher, 319. fishery, 33I. fishes, no. fishwife,
601. fissure, 344. fist, 4. fit, 105. five, 4, 105, 117, 263, 457> 45 8
fixas, no. flagstaff, 226. flail, 41. flang, 267. flannel, 20. flat, 59. flatling,
436. flatteress, 384. flatulent, 417flax, 4, 20, 112. flay, 59. flea, 181. FLEAT,
274. fled, 288. flee, 288. fleece, 117. flcrtg, 267. FLEOTE, 274. flesh, 315.
Fletcher, 338. flew, 267. flight, 317.
flighty, 394. fling, 267. flint, 117. flit, 59float-ed, 274. florJumel, 437 FLOTExV,
274. flood, 315. Florentine, 413. florin, 343. flourish, 74. flower, 75. floweret,
334. flowery, 394. flown, 267. fluent, 416. flung, 267. fly, 267, 315. flying,
580 g. foal, 4. foe, 58, 177, 315. foes, 380. foil, 177. foison, 332. FOLC,
254. FOLCLIC, 254. fold, in, 315. folded, 274. foliage, 335. folk, 477. folly,
75. fondling, 318. forte = foes, 380. food, 187. foody, 395. fool, 75. fool-hardise,
345. foolish, 393. fool's paradise, 425. foot, 4, 12, 187, 315, 381. foot-sore,
604. foppery, 331. for, 4, 58, 158, 220, 226, 520, 522, 533, 549for-, 606 a. forbid.
267, 606 a. forbode. 606 a. force, 75. U U
forcible, 403. fore, 4, 158. fore-, 606 a. foreclose, 606 a. forego, 606 a. forehead,
606. foreign, 402. forein, 187. fore-right, 606 a. fore-shorten, 606 a. forest,
75, 219. fore-stal, 606 a. forest wild, 428. forget, 606 a. forgetive, 412. forget-me-not,
59 7, 599. forget-me-nots, 599. forgive, 32, 267, 606 a. forlorn, 275, 606 a.
form, 75formal, 418. formula, 363. forsake, forsaken, 267. forsook, 267. forsooth,
628 a. forte, 353. fortitude, 362. forth-, 606 a. forth, 4. forthcoming, 606
a. for the sake of, 530. fortunate, 75. fortune, 75, 155. forty, 458. forward,
77, 606 a. foster, 59. fat, fought, 288, 289. Fotheringhay, 318. fought,
foughten, 267. 269. foul, 176. found. 267. ffluntjert, 267. foundling, 318,
377. fountain, 350, 402. four, 91, 457, 458. fourteen, 458. four times, 461. fowl,
41, 316. fowler, 319,
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(delwedd E6665) (tudalen 658)
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ñ6
5 8
I. INDEX
fox, 383. FRiET, 274. fragile, 413. frailty, 75. franchise, 345. Franciscan,
419. frank, 400. fraternity, 75. fraternize, 310. fraudulent, 417. Frederick,
1 61. frrtom, 7 8 free, 423. free and easy, 423. freedom, 78. freemen, 423. freeze,
191, 267. French, 393. JFrcnss, 61. fresco, 353. fresh, 388. fret-ed, 274. FRETE,
FRETEN, 274. friend, 2 2 2, 306. friendship, 327, 605. frighten, 305. fro-, 606
a. frog, 3 J 5 from, 4, 58, 226. Frome, 19. from hour to hour, 450. from
thence, 591. from whence, 517. frontlet, 334. frost, 315. froward, 400, 605, 606
a. froze, 267. frozen, 267. fruit, 75. fruitful, fruitless, 400. fruit-shaped,
608. -ft, 301. fudge, 207. -ful, 607. FUL, 178. full, 108, 118, 162, 187,
I9I, 388. -full, 388, 400, 607. full-blown, 604.
fullness, 320. fu »> 375fungi, 382. fungus, 363. funguses, 332. furnish,
74. furniture, 344. furrow, 119. further, 503. furze, 20, 315. furzen (Dorset),
380. Furzen Leaze, 391. fusillade, 352. fusty, 394. -fy, 308. fyre, 159.
G, the letter, 139, 141, 149. gablet, 377. Gaelic, 405. gain, 59, 187. gain-,
606 a. gainsay, 606 a. gain-giving, 606 a. gall, 103, 112. gallant, 405. Gallic,
405. gallow, III. gambado, 352. gan, 296. gander, 111. gang, 140. gang-way,
ill. gap, 103, 260. gape, 103, 260. garden, 260, 329, 343. gardener, 338. garden-flowers,
425. garden-herb, 566. gar ding, 580 a. garlands of delight, 425. garlic,
ill. garniture, 344. garrison, 332. gastric, 420. gat, 267, 299. gate, 140. gate
of heaven, 425.
gather, 1 11. gathering, 580 c. gauntlet, 334. gauze, 191. gave, 267. g a
y> 75 gagtc - goats, 381. GE = ye, 130. ge, GESE = yes, 503. ge-, 606 a. GEAR,
I30. gear, 181, 234. GEARD, I30. GEARO, I30. geat (yote), 274. GEBONED, 88. gecowen,
274. gecweden, 267. geese, 128, 381. gEtt = goats, 381. GELYFAN, 263. GEM^ECCA,
I47. General, 418. general, 75. generalize, 310. generalization, 227. genius,
363. Genoese, 408. gent, 370. gentile, 413. gentle, 75, 140, 2 2 2, 401, 423.
gentleman, 79gentrise, 345. gentry, 331. genus, 363. geometry, 75. Geordie,
377. Georgy, 377. GEORN, I30. GEOTE, 274. German, 393. Germany, 329. germinate,
-ed, 303. gese, 130, 503. get, 140 267, 299, 587. get down = to be, 279. ge])Rungen,
274. get off, 560. gewealden, 274.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6666) (tudalen 659)
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ñ6
59
GEWEORC, 602. GEWIS, 256. geyn, 431. 5^132,152,153,181, 191. g h = f > 153
g h= g> 153 gh = Prench gu, 153. ghastly, 153. gherk.n, 153, 377. gkess
(Sp.), 153. ghost, in, 153,315. giant, 140. giantess, 384. gibbet, 334. GIELD,
I30. GIFAN, 544. gift, II7, 317. gifted, 396. gift-horse, 601. giftie, 377. gigantesque,
407. gigantic, 406. gild = guild, 160. gild, gilded, or gilt, 301. GILPAN,
I30. rjiittf (Ch.), 395. gm, 1 40. ginger, 140. g'rd, 301. girded, 301. girdle,
316. girl, 328. girl-of-the-period, 425. g'rt, 301. git, 130. git = jacet,
141. give, 105, 140, 267. give me, 574. given, 267. giving, 580 c. glad, 274.
gladsome, 399. glass, 112, 315. gleam, 316. glen, 20. glide, 267. glide-ed,
274. GLIDEX, 274. glisten, 305.
globose, 412. glocl, 267, 270. glode, 267. glorious, 75, 409. gloriose, 412. glory,
329. Gloucester, 20. glutton, 342. gluttony, 56, 75. gnat, 112, 315. gnaw,
267. gnawn, 267, 270. gnew, 267, 270. go, 267, 285, 586. goad, in. goat,
goats, 315, 381. go away, 560. God > *h 315,383goddess, 384. godhead, 326.
godly, 398. godson, 603. god-son, 603. goe to, 584. going in for, 584. gold,
140, 173, 426. golden, 391, 426. golden-shafted, 607. gone, 267. good,
12,88,140, 218, 388, 422, 430, 617, 632. good-bye, 634. gOOtJdrjfjciJc, 326. good-like,
605. goodly, 398, 605. good man, 617. goodman, 617, 618. goodness, 83, 320. goose,
263, 315.381. goodwife, 632. goody, 632. gosling, 318, 377. gospel, 632. gossip,
632. gossiprrij, 324. gost (Sp.), 153. got, 267, 299, 587. goten, 274. Gothic,
405. U U 2
g° to, 584. gotten, 267, 299. go up, 560. gouty, 394. govern, 75. governance,
75. governess, 384. governor, 337, 359, 384. goivnd, 138. grace, 56, 75, 216,
329graceful, 605. gracious, 409. GRAF AN, GRAFEN, 267 274. graft, 217. graft,
217. grafting, 217. grand, 400. grandee, 341. grandiose, 412. grandsir, 632. grandsire,
632. g"nt, 75. grantor, 341. grantee, 341. graphic, 420. grass, 20, 112,
638. grass green, 566. grass ungreen, 566. Gratian, 419. gratitude, 362. gratuity,
349. gravamen, 363. grave-ed, 274. graven, 267, 270. gray, 388. great, 12,
140, 179. 181, 184, 388. green, 140, 388. greet, 104. Grrru = Greek, 175. grew,
267. grieve, 75. grim, 140, 390. grimalkin, 317. grind, 117, 267. grinder,
319. griple, 389.
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(delwedd E6667) (tudalen 660)
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ñ66o
I. INDEX
grist, 117. grocer, 338. GROF, 267, 274. grontl, 267. grotesque, 407. grotesquenesses,
320. ground, 267, 315. groundsel, 119. groveling, 436. grow, 267, 280. grown,
267. growth, 317. grunUnt, 267. g u, 160. guarantee, 341. guardian, 329. guardsman,
607. guerdon, 160. guess, 153, 160. guest, 11, 160, 315. guide, 75. guild,
160. guile, 75 guilt, [60. guilty, 395 guize (Sp.)i 34 6 gull, 140. gullet,
75. gultgf, 395gush, 140. gust, 59. GYDEN, 383. gymnastic, 420. gymnastics,
368.
H, the character, 229. H, the letter, 132, 139, 141, 151, 153habiliment, 333.
habitual, 418. habitude, 362. HAD, 32. -HAD, 326, 328. had, 61, 112, 101, 577had
better be, 583. ijauuxg fotste, 6ix. Hadrian, 419. ilegol, 316.
hail, 316. hail! 208. hair, 59. hale, 165, 388. half, 114. halidam, 323. hall,
41, 103, 112. Hallelujah, 209. hallow, in. hammer, 316. hand, III, 222, 234, 315.
hand-, 606 a. HANDGEWRIT, 603. handicap, 215, 606 a. handiron, 606 a. handiwork,
602, 603. handle, 316. handloom, 606 a. handsaw, 226. handsome, 399. handwriting,
603. handy, 602. hang, hanged, 267,270. hansel, 59. hap, 32, 59. happen,
happened, 303. happiness, 605. harbinger, 336. harbour, 75. hard, 112, 388. harden,
305. hardihood, 326. hardy, 394. hare, III. harness, 75* pjarofo, 200. harp,
112, 315. harper, 319. harpoon, 342. harrow, 316. Harry, 373fjasarUrg, 5 6 hassock,
317. hast, 61. haste, 75, SOShasten, 305. bastofo, 255. hat, 103. hatchet,
334.
hate, 12, 103. hater, 319. hath, 66. hatred, 324. haughty, 394. haunch, 1
75haunt, 75, 175. have, 61, 214, 241, 301. having, 580 e. have to be, 583. havoc,
12. haw, 20. hay, 179. hayt = heat, 181. hazard, hazarded, 56. hazel, 112. he,
104,187,226,464, 489. head, 181, 187, 306, 315. -head, 326. head and chief,
77. head and front, 75. headsman, 607. heady, 394. heap, 12, 32, 36, 315. hear,
133, 288. hear, hear! 203. heart, 12, 179, 3 I 5heart's desire, 572. heart-sick,
604. heart-whole, 604. hearth, 41. hearty, 394. he-ass, 384. heat, 12, 181. heath,
12. heathen, 391. heathendom, 323. heave, 267. heaven, 316. heaven's gate,
425. heave up, 560. heaviness, 320. HEAWE, HEAWEN, 274. Hebrew, 175. -hed,
-hedd, hede, 326. hedge, 149. hedge-flowers, 425.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6668) (tudalen 661)
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ñ66l
heed, 104. heel, 59. HEGE, I49. he-goat, 384. heigh-ho, 202. height, 305,
317. heighten, 305. he is it, 575. helas, 201. held, 267. helm, 316. helmsman,
607. help, 267. hempen, 391. hems, 221. hence, 515. hen-sparrow, 384. heow,
267, 274. her, 468, 469, 481, 574her (dative), 574. heraldry, 331. herb, 363.
herbage, 335. herbarium, 363. herb-garden, 566. herd, 288, 315. herdsman,
607. here, 104, 515. hereabout, 516. hereabouts, 515. hereafter, 516. hereat,
516. herebefore, 516. Hereberct, 132. hereby, 516. herefrom, 516. herein,
516. hereinbefore, 516. hereinto, 516. hereof, 516. hereon, 516. hereout,
516. hereto, 516. heretofore, 516. hereunder, 516. hereunto, 516. hereupon,
516. herewith, 516. herewithal, 516.
heritage, 75. hern, 484. heroic, 406. heron, 226. hers, 484, 485, 575. herself,
469. hew, 267. hew-ed, 274. hewn, 267. hi, 489. Hibernian, 419. hide, 117. high,
105, 388. highmindedness, 320. high-toned, 607. flight, 285. hill, 118, 315. hillock,
317. him, 464, 469, 574, 622. him (dative), 468, 489. himself, 469. hind, 41.
hind (cerva), 105, 1 1 7. hine, 255. hing, 267, 270. hire, 61, 468. hireling,
318. his, 61, 187, 256, 468, 481,484,572,575. Ijtse, 481. hisn, 484. hiss,
187. fjis tfjonte, 434. history, 371. hit, 59, 61, 105. hither, 515. hive, 105.
hive bee, $66. Hivite, 363. HLEAPE, HLEOP, HLEA PEN, 274. HLINC, 334. hoar,
in. hoarse, in. hoase, in. koaze, in. hobgoblin, 634. -hode, 326. hoe, 177.
hog, 20. hoised, 138. hold, 267. holden, 267, 271. hole, 165. hollow, 388. holp,
267, 270. holpen, 267. holt, 20. holy, ill. holy-water-sprinckle, 618. homage,
41, 56. home, 41, 61, ill, 166. home-enfolding, 609. homely, 398. homeward,
400, 603. homewards, 435. honest, honesty, 75. honey, 119. honey-coloured,
608. honour, honor, 75, 78, 154, 176, 187, 331, 359honourable, 154. honourablest,
422. honorable, 154. ijonure, 154. hood, 315. -hood, 315, 322, 326, 328. hoof,
315. hop, 159. hope, 159, 187, 301. hopefulness, 321. horizon, 363, 369. horrible,
75. horrify, 308. horse, 315, 423. horse chestnut, 565. horse-guards, 601. horse-race,
566, 599. rjOSClt, to housel, 61. hosen, 380. host, 75. hostelry, 331. hostile,
413. hot, 12, 133. hound, 119, 142, 315.
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(delwedd E6669) (tudalen 662)
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ñ66z
I. INDEX
hour, 75. house, 41, 119, I33» 260, 315, 617. housel, 61, 119. housen, 380. houses,
133. housewife, 632. hove, 267. how, 119, 226, 515, 538. howbeit, 579. how d'
ye do? 24.2. however, 551. HREOWE, HREAW, HROWEN, 274. HRYCG, I49. HU.ETBERCT,
I 32. hub, 372. huckster, 3S5. hue, 84. human, 157. humane, 157. humanity,
75, 349. humble, 75, 401. humiliation, 358. humility, 75. humour, 75. hundred,
119, 324, 458. hundred and twenty, 458. hung, 267, 270. Hungary, 3 ''9. hunger,
316. hunt, hunter, 1 19, 339 huntynge and venerye, 77. hurdle, 316. husband,
59. husbandry, 331. husk, 20. husting, 233. hustings, 59. huz'if=hc.usewife,632.
huswifry, 331. hw = wh, 151. HWA, I5I, 254. HW-EL, 151. HWJER, 151. HW.ES,
I5I.
HWiET, 151, 474. HW^TE, I5I. HW.ETSTAN, I 5 I. HWEOL, 151. HWI, 151. HW1L,
I5I. HW1LE, 437. HWILUM, 437. HWISPERUNG, I5I. HWISTLERE, I5I. HWIT, I5I. mnxc,
151, 254. hydraulic, 131. hypocrisy, 131. hypothesis, 1 31, 369. hyssop, 131.
I, the vowel, 100, 103, 109, 148. I, coi, sonant, 186. I, name and
pronunciation, 102, 105. I, affirmative, 202. I, the pronoun, 226, 246, 254, 462,
464, 466, 476. i- = GE, 606 a. I am it, 575. -ian, 411, 419. -ible, 401, 403.
ic, 105, 254. -ic, 401, 406, 420. -ical, 411, 418. -ice, 329, 344, 34 6 > 347'
34 8 ice, 105, 315Icelandic, 405. idj (German), 187. tcfjaije, 255. icicle,
117, 139iconoclasm, 367. -ics, 368. icy-pearled, 607. I dare say, 291. idle,
389. idol, 75, 364. idolism, 365. . idolist, 366. I do not wish, 586.
idyl, 364. ie (sound of), 184. -ie, 3 2 9' 377 -ien, 329. -ier, 319, 3 2 9'
33 8 » 339iest, 141. iewel, 141. if, 226, 549. if I did not go, 586. if I
went, 586. if required, 236. -i f . 395 -IHT Or -EHT, 397. He = I'll, 256. -ile,
-il. 411, 413ilk, 494, 496. ill, 59. l8 7> 219, 43 1 I'll, 256. ill-conditioned,
396. illiterate, 417. im-, 606 c. image, 75, 329. imagery, 331. imaginary,
414. imaginative, 412. imagine. 75. imbue, 606 c. immediate, 417* impetuosity,
357. implacable (Sp.), 404. imposture, 344. impound, 138. impoverish, 606 c. improve,
606 c. improvement, 333. -in, 329. in, 226, 525. in- (Latin), 510, 606 c. in-
(Saxen), 606 a. inadequacy, 350. in a fashion, 517. in a manner, 517. in a
sort of way, 517. in a way, 517* in despight, despite of, 5 2 9« 53iin
earnest, 448. in fact, 448. in good faith, 317, 44?.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6670) (tudalen 663)
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ñ66
3
in jest, 448. in lieu of, 529. in section, 448. in some sort, 517. in spight,
spite of, 529. in truth, 448. in vain, 448. incense, 75, 356. incident, 416. incipient,
32. incline, 75. incog, 370. income, 597, 606 a. increase, 75. indebtedness,
320, 321. indeed, 205, 222. indelible, 510. indenture, 344. in despite of,
531. index, 363. Index-learning, 597Indian, 419. indicate, 309. indolent,
417. -in, 343, 413. -ine, 329, 343, 411, 4I3inextinguishable, 510. infantile,
413. infernal, 75. infimus (Latin), 421. influence, 356. influential, 418. -ing
(nouns and adverbs), 315, 318, 377, 388, 436. -ing(verbs),58o,58oa, 580 b,
580 e, 580 f, 580 g, 580 h, 607. ingoing, 32. -inger, 336. ingress, 32. inhabitant,
405. iniquity, 75 inject, 606 c. injure, injured, 303. ink, 260. ink-horn,
601. inky, 394. inland, 606 a.
inmate, 606 a. innings, 318. innocence, 75innocent, 75, 416. inordinate, 417.
inquisitive, 412. inquisitorial, 418. inroad, 606 a. insert, 606 c. insight,
6o('> a. insolent, 416, 417* insolvent, 416. inspect, 606 c. instep, 606
a. instrument, 75, 333. integrity, 349. intellect, 75. intellectual, 418. intelligential,
418. intendiment, 333. intent, 75. intentional, 418. inter-, 606 c. intercede,
104. interest, 32, 363. interests, 382. international, 606 c. internecine,
413. intervene, 104. interview, 606 c. intimacy, 350. intolerable, 510. intrude,
606 c. intrudress, 384. invalid, 620. invalidate, 309. invective, 412. inveigle,
184. inventive, 412. investigation, 358. inveteracy, 350. invincible, 510. inward,
400, 606 a. inwards, 515. inwardness, 321. in which, 540. ioin, 141. iolly, 1
41. -ion, 3 2 9> 34 2 , 35 8 iourney, 141.
-ious, 401. ioust, 141. ioy, 141. Irish, 393. irk, 59. irksome, 399, irony,
364. irrationals, 218. irrepressible, 403. is, 253, 280, 281, 578. is being, 583.
-is (possessival), 572. -isc, 407. -ise, 311, 329, 344, 34 6 -ish, 74, 393,
395, 407. island, 191. isle, 191. islet, 334, 377. -ism, 364, 365, 366, 367. Israelite,
363. issue, 32. -ist, 366, 367. -istic, 420. is to be, 583. it, 12, 117, 226,
485, 516. it (with verbs), 588. Italian, 393. Italy, 329. it am 1, 575. it
behoveth, 292. -ite, 363. item, 363. items, 382. i' th, 254. -ition, 358. it
is he, 575. it is him, 575. it is me, 575. it is I, 575. it needs, 292. -itor,
359. its, 481, 484, 575. itself, 469. ;ity, 329, 349, 357it will rain, 291.
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(delwedd E6671) (tudalen 664)
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ñ664
1. INDEX
iudge, 141, 148. iustice, 141. -ive, 411, 412. ivory, 75. ivy, 117, 315. iw,
131, 141. iwis, 256. -ize, 310, 311, 34 6 > 347> 365, 3 6 7
J, the letter, 139, 141, 148, 186. Jack, 139, 373. ailor, 75. am, 141. angle,
53, 75. angler, 53, 141. ^angleress, 53. Japanese, 408. jape, 53, 103. japer,
53. japery, 53. japeworthy, 53. jaunty, 394. jealous, 141, 409. jealousy,
329. Jebusite, 363. jeer, 104. jelly-fish, 601. jeopardise, 347. jeopardy,
56, 75, 177. jest, 141. jeune, 187. Jew, 175. jewel, 75, 141, 329, 401. Jewry,
331. jeynt, 171. jocose, 157, 411. jocund, 75. John his book, 572. Johnny,
377. Johnsonese, 408. oin, 75, 141, 171. oint, 171. oke, joked, 303. "jolif,
394jolly, 75» 394 journal, 187.
journey, 75, 141. joust, 141. joviality, 349. joy, 75, 141. joyous, 409. jubilant,
405. judge, 75, 141, I4 6 judgment, 75, 333. juggter, 53July, 141. jump, 187,
503. juncture, 344. junket, 334. jury, 329. just, 431, 503. justice, 75, 141,
227, 329. 345» 347justifiable, 403. juvenile, 413. jweynte, l*Ji.
K, the letter, 132, 139, 147, 161. -k, 3 X 5> 3i7» 377keel, 147, 315. keen,
139, 147. keep, 104, 139, 147. 288. kelpie, 377. KEMPA, I39. -k-en, 317. ken,
5. kene, 139. Kent, 20, 139, 147. kept, 288. kernel, 377. kettle, 316. key,
147 kh, 191. kid, 59. -kie,377kilderkin, 317. kin, 5, 139, 147. -kin, 315, 3
T 7. 377kind, 5, 32, 105, 187. kindle, kindled, 303. kindly, 398. kindred,
324, 605. kine, 381.
king, 41, 117, I39> 318, 378. king-cup, 601. kingdom, 323, 605. kinglet,
334, 377-kinie, 377. kinsfolk, 607. kinsman, 572, 607. Kirk, 148, 425. kirtle,
316. kite, 105. kith and kin, 628 a. knave, 147, 315. knead, 147. knee, 5,
147, 3*5kneel, knelt, 288. knife, 59. knight, 105, 147, 260, 3*5. 4 3 5 knightess,
384. knighthood, 425. knocked-up, 501. knot, 315, know, 5, 147. knowledge,
139, 149, 325. knowleche, 325. konne, 294. kye, 381. kyth, 147.
-1 (adjectival form), 388. L, the letter, 135, 168. 1 (diminutival), 377. -1,
315. 3i 6 . 3 l8 > 388, 3 8 9la! 196, 197, 198, 199, 200. labour, 75, 155,
223, 33 1 laboure, 155 labouring, 580 g. -LAC, 325. lack, 139. lackadaysical,
201. lau, 288, 289. ladder, 1 1 2.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6672) (tudalen 665)
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ñ66
laddie, 377. lade, laden, 267. ladle, 316. ladkin, 317. ladyship, 327. LECCAN,
I47. laggard, 342. laid, 301. lain, 267. lake, to play, 325. lakefelloiv,
325. lakin = ladykin, 317. lamb, in, 137, 315, 380. lambie, 377. lambkin,
317, 377. Iambrert, 380. lambs, 380. lamentable, 403. lamp-oil, 601. lancet,
377. Iand,i03,ui, 260,315. landed, 396. landscape, 327. landsman, 607. langage,
155, 160. language, 75, 155, 160, 335 ] arge, 75. large-moulded, 607. largess,
75, 348. latch, 147. latchet, 334. late, 103, 388. lateward, 400. Latin, 413.
latitude, 75, 362. latitudinarian, 410. lattice, 112. laugh, 175,315. laughed,
303. laughter, 153. launch, 175. IaurOj, 175. laundress, 3S4. lavatory, 415. law,
32, 59/187. lawn, 175. larjontJ, 175. lawny, 395.
lay, 267, 301. laved = laid, 146. -Id, 301. " le > 377, 3§9> 4°ilea,
181. LEAC, 274. lead, 288. leaden, 391. leaf, 12, 315, 382. leafy, 394. league,
18, 187. LEAH, 274. lean, 288. leap, 12, 288. leap-ed, 274. leapt, pron.
lept, 288. learn, 181, 301. learned, 396. learnt or learned, 301. leas, 275. least,
lest, 422, 542. leather, 316. leave, 288. leaves, 382. leaving, 580 c. -le,
329. -Irrfjc, 3-5led, 288. -ledge, 315, 325. leek, 20, 187. leer, 104. leeward,
400. left, 288. le gacy, 35°legatee, 341. legend, 75. legibility , U 349. legislative,
412. legitimacy, 350. leisure, 75, 344. leisured, 396. lemonade, 352. lend,
301. length, 305, 317. lengthen, 305. lenient, 416. Lent, 315. lent, 288,
301. -lent, 411, 41 -. LEOF, I99.
LEOGE, 274. LEOSE, 275. lept, 288. list, 267. -less, 388, 400. less, 422. lessee,
341. lesser, 422. lesson, 332. lessor, 341. let, 297, 587. -let, 329, 334.
377. lethargic, 406. letter, 75, 378. letters patent, 563. letters patents,
420. levee, 341. Levite, 363. ley = lea, 181. leyloc, 175. lewth (Devon),
317. libertine, 343. liberty, 75. LIC, 254, 44I, 64O. •LIC, 398, 438. -LICE,
254, 438. lice, 381. licence, 162, 356. license, 162. licentiate, 75. licentious,
409. licht, 132. lidless-eyed, 608. lie (jacere), 267. lie-ed (mentiri), 274.
lief, 12, 388. liege, 56. lien or lain, 267, 271. lieutenant, 153. life, 12,
117/260, 315. life-long, 604. lif-ladu, 326. Itf4oUr, 326. lift, lifted, 301,
302. light, 105, 117, 132, 152, 187, 301, 317, 3SS. lighten, 305. light-o-love,
611. LIHT, 132, 152.
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(delwedd E6673) (tudalen 666)
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ñ666
I. INDEX
like, 105, 220, 338, 486, 493, 522, 640. -like, 398. likelihood, 326. likely,
398. likeness, 640. liketh you, 588. likewise = in like wise, 518. liking,
640. lilac, 173. lilly (Sp.), 154, I 62 %, 75limb, 137. limb-meal, 437lime,
20, 117^ linck, 334. lineage, 75, 335. linear, 418. linen, 391. -ling. 3 X 5«
3 l8 > 3 20 > 377. 43 6 Un\ 334. lion, 342. lioness, 384. liquidate,
309. listener, 319. lit, 301. Litany, 398. little, 117, 222, 422. live, 105,
252, 260. livelihood, 326. liver, 117, 137, 316. -11, 162. lo! 197, 198. load,
in. loaf, in. loaf-of-bread, 599. loam, in. loc, 197. locality, 32. locen,
274. LOCIAN", I97. lock-ed, 274. -lock, 315, 322, 325. loden, 267, 271. LOGEN,
274. logic, 368, 406. logical, 418. Lombardy, 329.
London, 20, 170. Londoner. 319. long, in, 187, 388, 433; 6 °7longitude, 362. long-legged,
607. long of, 529. long on, 529. longish, 393. look, 32, 197, 576. lookedst,
576. lord, 315. lording (substantive), 317. 377lording (inf.), 580 g. lordly,
398, 423. lordship, 327. lore, ill, 315. LOREN, 275. lorn, 267, 275. lose,
lost, 275, 288. lot, 12, 234. loud, 12. louse, 119, 315. love,i2, 137,
176,212, 3I5loyal, 401. loyalty, 56, 349. LUCE, 274. Lucian, 419. LUFIGE,
I3I. lunacy, 350. lunching, 580 a. Lunnon, 170. lus, 381. lust, 315. lusty,
394. luxation, 358. luxurious, 409. luxury, 75. -ly, 219, 254, 388, 394, 398,
432, 438. lynchet, 334. lys, 107, 381.
M, the letter, 135, 186. -m, 188, 315, 316, 368, 388, 390.
-m (adjectival form). 388. macadamize, 310. Macaulayesque, 407. machine, 134.
machinery, 331. macode, 301. Madam, 75. madden, 305. madder, 112. made,
maked, 301. ivlegen, 316. M«T, 274. magazine, 353. magic, 75>, 3 68
magnanimity, 75. magnate, 361. magnificence, 75, 356. magnitude, 362. maiden,
316. maidenhed, -hood, 326. maid-servant, 384. main ( = strength), 217, 316. mainspring,
601. majestic, 406. majesty, 75. major, 141. majority, 349. make, 103, 301. makyng
(inf.), 580. malady, 75male, 3. malevolent, 417. malice, 75, 345, 347, malign,
105. malison, 332. mallard, 342. mallow, in, 316. malt, 267. malt, 12, 103. Maltese,
40S. maltster, 385. mammy, 377. man, 32, 33, 103, III, 118, 260, 315, 381, 476,
632. man (pronoun), 475. manageable, 403. Manchester, 20.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6674) (tudalen 667)
|
ñ66y
man-child, 384. manger, 339. manhood, 326. Manichee, Manichean, 341mankind,
589, 597, 604. manner, 75, 234. marmrrs makoth. man, 628 a. mannie, mannikin,
377. mannish, 393. man-o'-war, 611. man-of-war, 599, 61 1. manor, 20, 56. man-servant,
384. mansion, 75, 332. mantle, 75, 329. manure, 260, 344. many, many a, 494. many
a one, 478. 494. many one, 478, 494. maple, 316. marble, 329. marchant, 169. marchioness,
384. Marcionite, 363. mariagc, 155. marine, 413. marionette, 334. mark, 315. marketable,
403. marksman, 607. marmalade, 352. marriage, 75, 155-335marriage settlements,
566. marrow, 316. marry, 214. martial, 418. martyr, 75. martyrdom, 323. marvel,
32. marvellous, 75, 409. masculine, 413. masquerade, 352. mass, 75. mast,
112. master, 75. masterpiece, 612.
match, 147. materialism, 365. math, 149, 317. mathematical, 418. mathematics,
368. matins, 343. matter, 75, 234. matters or* course, 425. maximum, 363. may,
240, 291, 293, 2 95- 5 8 7mayoralty, 349. me, 104, 178, 254, 466. me = man,
254. me (dative), 574. meadow, 316. meal, 179. -meal, 437, 447. mealy, 394. mean,
181, 2S8. meaned, 304. meanness, 320. meant, proncd. ment, 288. MEARN, 274. measure,
75, 181, 344. measurable, 75. meat, 75. mechanical, 418. mechanics, 368. mediate,
417. mediation, 75. medium, 363. meed, 104, 315. meek, 59. metk-eyed, 607. meet,
288. melodious, 409. melody, 75. melt, 267. memento, 363. memorandum, 363. memory,
75. men, 128, 381. menace, 75. men of business, 425. men of property, 425. men
of this generation, 4 2 5
metI0t = one does not know, 254. men-singers, 3^4. -ment, 329, 333, 347. mention,
-ed, 303. mercenary, 75. merchandise (subst.), 345merchandise (verb), mercnant,
75, 109. mercy, 56, 75. mere, 104, 187, 564. meres and bounds, 77 merit, 75. meritorious,
409. merry, 423. mesalliance, 606 a. mesmerist, 366. XttZ S£TuTiJ, 588. Mesopotamia,
329. message, 75, 335. messagrr, 336. messenger, 336. met, 187, 267, 275, 288.
metaphorical, 393. metaphysical, 393. metaphysics, 368. mete, 267. METE,
METEN, 275. mete-ed, 274. mctm, 267. meteor, 364. methinks, 574. method, 364,
368. methodical, 393, 418. methodist, 366. income, 56. mice, 123, 381. mickle,
389. mid, 38, 117. middle, 117, 389. Middlesex, 25. midge, 117. mien, 32. might,
105, 117, 152, 240, 291, 317,587. mighty, 240, 394.
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(delwedd E6675) (tudalen 668)
|
ñ668
I. INDEX
mignonette, 334. migratory, 415. MIHT, I52. MIL, l8, II7. mtke = MiLTSE, 134.
milch, 425. mild, 388. mile, 18, 105. military, 414. milk, 117, 425. milken-way,
391. milk y> 394miller, 319. millstone-grit, 598. mil-paSas, 18. mimetic,
420. mind, 105. mine, 105, 117, 481, 482, 484, 574. miniature, 344. minimum,
363. minister, 75, 363. ministerialist, 366. minnie, 377. minutely, 433. minutiae,
363. miracle, 75, 329. mirror, 75, 339. mirth, 317. mirth and jollity, 77. mis-,
606 a, 606 c. misadventure, 606 a. misbehave, 606 a. miscall, 606 a. miscarry,
606 a. mischief, 75, 606 a. mischievous, 409. miscreant, 606 a. misdeem, 606
a. misease, 181. misgiving, 606 a. misgovernment, 606 a. mislay, 606 a. mislead,
606 a. mislike, 606 a, 606 c. mismanagement, 606 a. misnomer, 330, 606 a. Miss,
370. missclmasse, 62. missent, 606 a.
missionanness, 321. missionary, 414. mist, 117, 315. mistake, 606 a. mistress,
75. mistrust, 606 a. misty, 394. misuse, 606 a. mitigate, 309. mixture, 344. •*
mnemonics, 368. moated, 396. mockery, 331. moderate, 417. modernism, 365. modicum,
363. modify, 308. moe, in. moeugng, 177. moiety, 56. moist, 75. moldiwarp,
371. mole (talpa), 371. molecular, 418. mollify, 308. molten, 267. moment,
333. momentum, 363. monarch, 140. monarchize, 310. monarchy, 329. money's
worth, 572, 607. -monger, 319. monied, 396. monk, 119. monk-hood, 603. mono-,
606 d. monogram, 606 d. monograph, 606 d. monologue, 606 d. Monophysite, 363.
monopolize, 310. monopoly, 606 d. monosyllable, 606 d. Monothelite, 363. monotony,
606 d. monster, 75. mood, 12, 315. moody, 394.
moon, 315. moral, 75, 401. morality, 349. more, III, 133, 187, 2 35> 4 2
i> 4 22 Mormonite, 363. morn, 316. MORNEN, 274. mornings, 434, 446. morrow,
316. morsel, 329. mortal, 75, 401. mortall (Sp.), 162. mortgagee, 341. mortgagor,
341. mortify, 308. moss, 20. most, 421, 422. moste, 291. mote, 291, 295. moth,
ill. mother, 316. mother earth, 565. motive, 412. mould, 168. mountain, 350,
402. mountaineer, 340. mourn-ed, 274. mouse, 119, 315. mousie, 377mouth, 32,
119, 263, 3 J 5move, 176. mover, 75. mow, 317. mowe, 293. much, 388, 422,
503. muleteer, 340. mulierosity, 357. multitude, 362. multitudinous, 409. munificence,
356. munificent, 416. munuc, 383. muriate, 361. muringer, 336. murky, 394. murne,
274. mus, 381. music, 368.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6676) (tudalen 669)
|
ñ669
must (verb), 214, 291, 295, 300. must (brewing), 119. musty, 394. mutton, 41,
342. my, 481, 483, 495. myewn, 107. mynchyn, 383. myrtle, 316. mys, 381. myself,
469. mystic, 420. myth, 364.
N, the letter, 135, 188, 5°4- ... -n (participial), 200. -n, 57, 66, 188,
262, 263, 282, 305, 315, 316, 388, 391. n, absorbed, 263. N, negative
particle, 510, 512. n = him, 255. narjtrij = I have not, 2 55nadir, 353. nail,
316. ltam = ne am, 25^. name, 75. nanny-goat, 3S4. nap, 103. nape, 103. napkin,
317. narcotic, 406. narrative, 412. narrow, 388. nasty, 394. nat = ne wat =
knows not, 254. NAT I, I27. nativity, 75, 349. natural, 75, 401. naturall,
162. nature, 75, 155, 344. nature and kind, 75. nature's diplomat, 572.
nature's music, 425. naught, 479. nafostu = ne havest pu, 254. nay, 179, 182.
-nd, 301. -ND-ADE, 30I. NE, 495, 503, 504, 506, 507, 508, 513. nea = na.y,
182. near, 527. neat (cattle), 181, 315. neat-handed, 607. necessary, 75 necessitous,
409. necessity, 75 necht (Anglian), 132. nectar, 369. Ned = Edward, 373. need,
104, 315. need-nots, 599. needs, 435. negligence, 356. neighbour, neighbor, 1
7 6 > 359neighbouress, 384. neighbourhood, 324. Nell = Ellen, 373. mlt =
ne wilt, 254. nemesis, 369. -ness, 83, 315, 320, 321, 322. nest, 315. nestling,
318. net, 12, 127, 187, 3I5 NETI, I27. nettle, 12, 316. never, 226, 504. nevertheless,
518, 541. new, 107, 187, 388. new-fangled, 389. next, 527. ng (digraph), 191.
nice, 424. nicety, 75, 349. nigardise, 345. niggard, 342. nigh, 187, 388, 522,
5 2 7.
night, 105, 117, 132, I5 2 » 6 43night-cap, 612. nightshade, 20, III. niht,
132, 152. nill = ne will, 255. nimble, 389. nine, 105, 458. ninety, 458. nip,
105. nipple, 316, 377. -N1S, 320. NITHING, 318. Nizzard, 342. no, 479, 483,
495, noble, 75, 401, 423. nobody, 477. no doubt, 545. noise, 615. noisy, 394.
Noll = Oliver, 373. nomenclature, 344. nominate, 309. nominee, 341. no more
than, 542. no one, 478. no one but, 522. non (Latin), 509. none, 479, 483,
495, 504, 514, 622. noontide solace, 565. nor, 187, 504, 506, 5o7. Normandy,
329. Norsk, 393. north, 315. Northerner, 319. northness, 321. northwards,
435. nose, 315. nostril, 597. U0t = ne wot, 254. not, 187, 226, 504, 507, 5 J
4not a bit, 512. not any, 512. not a scrap, 512. not at all, 512, 518. not in
the least, 512.
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(delwedd E6677) (tudalen 670)
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ñ670
7. INDEX
not one, 512. notable, 403. note, 75. nothing, 234,479, 503. nothing but,
522. no thynge, 503. notice, 345, 347. noticeable, 403. notify, 75. notoriously,
442. not proven, 276. not to have to do, 59 J. notwithstanding, 518, 551. nought,
479, 504,514. nourish, 74. nourishing, 75. novelist, 366. novelty, 349. now,
187, 235. now a dayes, 573. now-a-davs, 573. now therefore, 551. now whereas,
551. noxious, 409. nugatory, 415. nullify, 308. number, 32, 137, 260. nun,
119. nunnery, 331. nuptial, 418. nuptials, 360. nurse, 75. nurseling, 318,
377. nursery, 331. nurture, 344. nut, 119. nut-shell, 601. nymph, 364.
O! the interjection, 196. o\ 611. o, the vowel, 100, 103, ic6, 120, 121. oa
(digraph), 191. oak, 20, in, 315. oak-apple, 601. oar, III.
oasis, oases, 369, 382. oaten, 391. oath, 12, in, 315. oats, 41, 168, 169. ob-,
606 c. obedient, 416. obsisance, 355. obctsij, 74 obey, 32, 74, 75. object,
606 c. obleege, 175. oblidge, 151. obligatory, 415. oblige, 173. obloquy, 606
c. obscurity, 349observatory, 415. obstacle, 75, 606 c. obstinate, 75, 417. obstreperous,
409. obtaining, 580 c. obverse, 606 c. occupation, 358. ocean, 364. -ock,
317, 377. o'clock, 449. Odin, 169. odium, 363. OE (diphthong), 177. oecumenical,
406. of-, 606 a. of, 425, 446, 466, 4 68 » 5 2 3> 5 2 4< 5 2 9> 564,
589, 606 b, 611. of a child, 445. of a morning, 446. of a truth, 446. of an
evening, 446. of course, 517. of him, 468. of it, 516. of itself, 591. of me,
466, 481. 574. of my own, 591. of necessity, 446. of old, 446. of theirs,
59I. of to, 591. of us, 466.
of whom, 540. of yours, 591. off, 524. oft"-, 606 a. offal, 606 a. offence,
75, 356. offend, 75. offense, 356. office, 32, 75. officer, ^5. offscouring,
606 a. offset, 606 a. offshoot, 606 a. offspring, 606 a. often, 437. oh! 194,
196, 615. oh! oh! 194. 01 (diphthong), 171, 177, 191. " oil, oiled, 303.
oily, 394ointment, 331. old, 388, 609. old-friendishness, 609. olden, 391. oldster,
385. omen, 363. on, 32, 37, 166, 187/ 226, 524, 526, 606 b. -on, 329, 342. once,
461, 515. one, 33, 38, 91, 131, 166, 458, 478, 479, 495, 496, 498, 512, 514,
621, 622. one and the other, 168, 478. one another, 478. one of you, 591. only,
498, 564. onus, 363. 00 (digraph), 19 1. -0011, 329, 34 2 op-, 606 c. ope,
187. open, 391. open-hearted, 607. opera, 353. operate, 309.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6678) (tudalen 671)
|
ñ6jl
operose, 412. opiate, 361. opinion, 75. oppose, 606 c. oppress, 75. oppression,
75. optic, 420. optics, 368. opulence, 32, 356. opulent, 417. or > 5 2 o,
53 2 -° r > 329,337,338.339 359orange, 353 orator, 363. oratorio, 353. orb,
363. orbicular, 41S. orchestra, 353. ordain, 75. order, 32, 75, 260. ordinance,
75. or ere, 541. or ever, 541. or gan, 75 organizing, 580 c. original, 75. orison,
75, 332. ornament, 75, 333. -ose, 411. ■OMty, 329, 357, 358, 372. Ossian, 419. ostler, 75. ostracism,
365. other, 460. othergates, 515. otiose, 412. ov (diphthong), 176, 191. ought,
187, 289, 290, 300. 479, 514 our (pronoun), 481. -our, 187, 329, 331, 337, 359ourn,
484. ours, 484, 485, 575. ourselves, 469. -ous, 401, 409. Ouse, 19.
out > XI 9' 533out-, 606 a. outdo, 606 a. out-going, 32, 606 a. outlandish,
393. outlaw, 606 a. out of, 529. out of harm's way, 572. out of which to,
591. out-put, 606 a. outrage, 606 a. outrageous, 409. outrun, 606 a. outset,
606 a. outshine, 606 a. outstrip, 606 a. outward, 400, 606 a. outwards, ^15. outwork,
606 a. over, 226, 524. over-, 6c6 a. overbearing, 606 a. overcoat, 606 a. overcome,
606 a. overdrive, 6c6 a. overflow, 606 a. overlook, 606 a. overmuch, 606 a. overthwart,
606 a. overture, 344. overturn, 606 a. overwoik, 606 a. owe, owed, ought, 2
j.6 288, 289. 6 ' owl, 61, 119. own, 495. ownership, 327. ox , 41, 315oxen,
379. oyer and terminer, 330.
P, the letter, 136. pabulum, 363. pace, 75. paddock, 20. P a ,2: e , 329. Pain,
75paint, y 5 . pair, 75, 90, 260.
palace, 41. pale, 75, 4 oo. palette, 334. palisade, 2,^2. pall, 103. palliative,
412. palmistry, 331, 366. pamper, 75. pamphleteer, 340. pan, 103, in. pane, 103.
pantheist, 366. Papacy, 350. para-, 606 d. parade, 352. paradox, 6c6 d. paralysis,
369. paraphrase, 606 d. parasite, 606 d. parasol, 606 d. pardon, 32. pare,
90. parental, 418. parenthesis, 369. park, 20, 112. parlcmmt, 75 . 333 . parliamentarian,
419. parliamentary, 414. parochial, 75. parochialize, 310. parson, 169. Pa^,
75, 234. partial, 418. partialize (Sh.), 310. partisan, 620. P art y, 75>
234. Pass, 75. P assa g e > 335passenger, 336. passion, 75, 332. passionate,
417. passive, 412. pass through, 560. pastor, 363. pasture, 344. patched up,
501. paten, 343. patent, 75, 4I 6. patentee, 341. Path, 113, 136, 315.
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(delwedd E6679) (tudalen 672)
|
ñ672
7. INDEX
PATHAS, 1 10. path-field, 566, 599. pathos, 369. paths, no. patience, 75,
227. patient, 75, 416. patristic, 420. patron, 75. patronize, 310. paunch,
175. pavement, 333. pavilion, 342. payee, 341. payment, 333. pays = pease,
184. pea, 181, 381. peace, 56, 75, 179, 3 2 9peaceable, 403. peaceableness,
320. peal, 371. pear, 90, 18 1. pease, 186, 381. pease-cod, 20. peason,
peasen, 381. peat-bogs, 598. pedantic, 406. pedleress, 384. peep, 104. peeress,
384. peevish, 393. pen (verb), 301. penance, 75, 82. pension, 332. pensive,
412. pent, 301. pent-house, 345. pentice, 345. people, 75, 177, 329, 477pcrjle,
177. per-, 6c6 c. peradventure, 75, 534. perceave, 184. perceive, 184, 606 c.
perfect, 75. perhaps, 534. peri-, 606 d. perigee, 606 d. perihelion, 606 d.
peril, 329. period, 364. periphery, 606 d. periphrasis. 606 d. periphrast,
367. perish, 74. Perizzite, 363. permanent, 606 c. perpendicular, 418. perpetually,
75. perquisite, 606 c. perseverance, 75. persevere, 75. Persian, 419. person,
75, 169, 234, 477 personable, 404. personage, 335. personal, 418. personality,
349. personalty, 56, 349. persons of strong opinions, 425. persuasible, 404. persuasive,
404. perusal, 360. pervade, 560. perverse, 75. pestilence, 75. petitionary,
414. petulant, 405. ph, 191. Pharisee, 341. ' pharmacy, 364. phenomena, 382. phenomenon,
369. Philistine, 413. philosopher, 75. philosophize, 310. philosophy, 75,
329. physic, 406. physician, 75. piano, 353. Picardy, 329. picture, 344. picturesque,
407. piecemeal, 437. P»g. 3 28 > 3 82 pigeon, 342. P'ggery, 33!•
pight, 288. pioneer, 340. pious, 409. pipe, 105. pipkin, 317, 377. pippin =
pipping, 318. pitch, 288. piteous, 75. pith, 315. pittance, 75. pity, 32, 75,
187, 349place, 32, 75, 329. plain, 75. plaintive, 412. planet, 75. plank of
elm, 425. plant, 363. plashy, 395. plat, 267. platie, 377. play, 136. plea,
181. plead, 276. pleasance, 75 pleasant, 75, 405. plaise, 181. please, 75,
179, 183. pleasure, 181, 187. pled = pleaded, 276. plenteous, 75« plenty, 75.
pleonasm, 367. pleonastic, 420. plet, 267, 271. plight, 78. plough, 41, 153. plow-bote,
82. plumage, 335. plush-breeches, 612. Plutarchize, 310. pocket, 334 porrjle,
177. poesie, 33 1, poeterie, 331. poetic, 420. poetick, 161. poetics, 368. poetry,
331. poignant, 75.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS,
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(delwedd E6680) (tudalen 673)
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ñ$73
point, 75. point of honour, 612. point of view, 612. pointsman, 607. poison,
332. poisonous, 409. polar, 418. polemics, 368. policy, 329. Polish, 393. polite,
157. politick, 139, 161. politics, 368. pollard, 342. poly-, 606 d. polygamy,
606 d. polyglot, 606 d. polygon, 606 d. Polynesian, 419. polysyllabic, 606 d.
polytechnic, 420,606 d. polytheism, 365, 606 d. polytheist, 366. pommel, 329.
pomp, 75. pomposity, 357. pooh! 202. pooh-pooh, 221. poonish, 171. poor, 75,
400. Pope, 75poplar, 338. poppy-head, 612. popular, 418. populosity, 357. pork,
41. porringer, 336. PORT, l8, 75. port (Ch.), 75Portuguese, 408. position,
413. positive, 32, 412. Posset = Portishead, 6 33; possibility, 75. possible,
75. post, 187. post-, 606 c. posterity, 349. post-obit, 606.
post-office, 612. postpone, 606 c. postscript, 606 c. postulate, 309. posture,
344. potato disease, 565. potent, 416. potentate, 361. pottinger, 336. pouch,
75. poultry, 331. pound, 75, 119, 187. poundage, 335. pour (French), 187. pourtraiture,
75, 344. pourtray, 75. poverty-stricken, 272. power, 329. powder, 75. pr (V
root), 639. practicable, 403. practical, 418. practice, 162, 346. practise,
162. practiser, 75. practize (Sp.), 346. prae-, 606 c. pragmatic, 420. praise,
75. P r ay, 75prayer, 75, 339. pre-, 606 c. preach, 75. preachers, 3S4. precede,
6c6 c. precedent, 416. predestinate, 606 c. predicting (inf.), 580 c. preface,
75. prefect, 75. prefer, 606 c. preferable, 403. preference, 356. prejudice,
345, 606 c. prelating (inf.), 580 g. premature, 606 c. preparatory, 415. prerogative,
412. Presbyterianism, 365. presence, 75. X X
present, presented, 75> 260, 303. pressure, 344. prest = ready, 75. prest
antj rjourt, 77. pretence, 356. pretty, 423, 431. prevalent, 417. preventive,
218. pride, 75, 329, 639. prigdom, 323. primacy, 350. primogeniture, 344. prince,
41, 75. princess, 75, 384. principal, 75. prison, 75. privacy, 350. privateer,
340. privily, 75. privity, 75. Privy, 75prize, 75. prize ox, 601. pro-
(Latin), 606 c. pro- (Greek\ 606 d. probate, 361. problem, 368. procedure,
344. proceed, 75. process, 75. procrastination, 358. proctorship, 327. procurable,
403. prodigal, 418. procurti, 177. profession, 32. , proffer, 75. profit, 75.
profitable, 403. programme, 606 d. progression, 75. prolegomena, 606 d. prologue,
606 d. promenade, 352. prominent, 416. promise, 75. promontory, 606 c. pronounce,
606 c. propagandism, 365.
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(delwedd E6681) (tudalen 674)
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ñ674
I. INDEX
prophecy, prophesy, 162, 260. prophesy, 606 d. prophetess, 385. propitiatory,
415. proportion, 606 c. proposal, 360. prose, 216. prospectus, 363. prosperity,
75. protest, 606 c. Protestantism, 365. protoplasm, 367. protoplast, 367. proud,
400, 639. prove, 75, 176. proven, 276. prowess, 348. prudent, 75. Prussia,
329. psaltery, 364. pseudo-, 606 d. pseudo-erudition, 606 d. pseudo-martyr,
606 d. pseudo - philosophy, 606 d. psha! 202. Ptolemaic, 405. fub, 372. pubescence,
356. public, 406. publicist, 366. publish, 75. pull, 118. pullet, 41. pumpkin,
377. punish, 74, 118, 171. punster, 385. pupk, i77 pur-, 606 b. purchase, 75,
606 b. pure, 75. pure-eyed, 607. purge, 75Puritan, 419. purlieu, 606 b. purloin,
606 b. purport, 606 b. purpose, 75pursue, 606 b.
pursuit, 56. pursuivant, 56, 606 b. purtenance, 606 b. purvey, 75, 606 b. push,
118. puss, 118. put, 118. PYR1GE, l8. pyrotechnic, 420.
Q, the letter, 139, 142. qu, the sound, 142, 151. quadrant, 405. quadripartition,
358. quaint, 75, 423. quake, 142. qualify, 308. quality, 349, 425. qualm,
142, 316. quantity, 75. quarrel, 142. quarrelsome, 399. quarry, 142. quart,
56, 75, 142. quarter, 142. quarter nc, h 2 quay, 186. queen, 142. queer, 104.
quantise, 345 quell, 142. quern-stone, 601. question, 75, 234, 260, 3°3questionable,
403. questioned, 303. quha, 151. quhat, 151. quhen, 151. quhilk, 151. quho,
151. quick, 142, 305, 388, 43 1 quicken, 305. quire, 105, 142. quit, 75, I4 2
>> l8 7' 400.
Quixotic, 405. quoth, 267.
R, the letter, 135-r, 3I5> 3i6,383,39 2 racehorse, 566, 599. radical, 418.
radish, 20, 1 1 2. radius, 363. rs:can, 147. rafter, 112. rail-road, 612. rain,
316. rain-bow, 612. raise, 183. rake, III, 315 ram, III, 315 Ramistry, 366. rampant,
405. rampart, 417. ran, 125, 267. rancour, 75' rang, 267. range, 260, 329. rank,
32, 329, 425. ransack, 59. ransom, 75, 332
Ransom = Rampisham.' 633rapidity, 349.
rapine, 343. rapture, 344. rascaldom, 323. rascally, 398. rat, 103. rate, 103.
rathe, 388, 502. rather, 502. rathe-pipe, 604. ratify, 308. rational, 426. raught,
165, 2S8. raven, 54, 316. raveners, 54. ravenous, 54. razor, 339. -rd
(verbs), 301. re-, 606 c. Rea, 183.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6682) (tudalen 675)
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ñ$75
RE AC, 274. reach, 147, 165, 288. reached, 165. react, 606 c. read, 181, 288.
reader, 385. readiness, 166, 320. Reading, 318. ready, 179, 394. REAFLAC,
325. reagent, 606 c. reality, 349. realm, 41. realty, 56, 349. reason, 75,
155, 182, 33 2 reasonable, 403. reasons, 182. reave, 288. rebel, 157, 606 c. rebuke,
32. rebut, 606 c. recalcitrant, 405. recan, 165. receave, 184. receive, 75,
184, 606 c. recital, 360. reck, 165. reckless, 165. recklessness, 165. reckon,
32. recommend, 75. record, 75, 157, 260. red-, 606 c. -red. 315,322,324,328. red
(verb), 288, 289. red (adj.), 388. red-integrate, 606 c. redd, 288. red-start,
1 1 2. redress, 75. reducyn, 580. redundant, 606 c. red whot, 164. reed, 20,
104. reedify, 6c6 c. reedy, 394. reek-ed, 274. re-elect, 606 c. refer, 606 c.
referee, 341. reflective, 412. reft, 288. refugee, 341. refusal, 360. refuse,
75. regard, 234, 606 c. regimen, 363. regiment, 333. region, 75, 358. regular,
418. rehearse, 75. rehearsal, 360. re-invest, 6c6 c. reject, 606 c. rejoinder,
330, 606 c. relate, 606 c. relation, 358. release, 75reluctant, 405. remainder,
330. remark, 606 c. remarkable, 403. remedy, 75. remember, 75. remembrance,
75, 355, remission, 75. rend, 301. rendezvous, 351. renegade, 352. renown,
75, 606 c. rent, 56, 75, 301. rental, 360. REOCE, 274. REOW, 274. reparative,
412. repent, 75, 606 c. repentance, 75. report, 75. reprehend, 32. reporter,
75. representative, 412. reprieve, 184. repulsive, 412. reputable, 403. reputation,
358. request, 75, 606 c. requiem, 363. require, 75. resayve, 184. X X 2
resemble, 606 c. reservoir, 351. residual, 418. residuum, 363. resin, 343. resort,
155. resort, 75resources, 620. respect, 234. respectable, 403. respiratory,
415. respite, 75. responsible, 403. responsive, 403, 412. rest, 166, 315. restore,
75. retaliate, 32. retentive, 412. reticence, 356. return, 606 c. reunion,
606 c. revel, 55. revellers, 55. revelling, 55. revelry, 55. revenge, 32, 606
c. revenue, 619. revere, revered, 303. reverence, 75reverent, 75. reversal,
360. review, 606 c. revisit, 606 c. revival, 360. revolve, 606 c. reward, 606
c. rewth, 32. rh (digraph), 191. rhapsody, 364. rhetoric, 368. rhetorical,
418. rhyme, 131. rhyme and reason, 628 a. rib, 117. ribald, 54. ribaldry, 54.
-ric, 315, 322, 328. rich, 147. riches, 32, 75,348,381.
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(delwedd E6683) (tudalen 676)
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ñ676
7. INDEX
-rick, 161. rick-yard, 601. rid, 267, 271. ridden, 267. ride, 117, 267. rider,
12. ridge, 117, 149. right, 105, 117, 187, 3I7.43I righteous, 409. RIM, I3I. rin,
125. rind, 105, 117, 315. ring, 117, 267, 315. ringlet, 334, 377. rirme, 267.
riotise, 345. riotous, 409. ripe, 105, 388. ripple, 316, 377. rise, 267. risen,
267. ritch (Sp.), 147ritualist, 366. river, 339. rivulet, 334. road, III. roadfast,
400. roadster, 385. roam, 172. robby (inf.), 61. robe, 75- 187. Robinsonian,
419. rocen, 274. rock, 3. rode, 267. roe, in, 177. Roman, 393, 419. Rome,
172. rortrtm, 267. roof, 41, 315. rookery, 331. roomy, 390. root, 20. rope,
in, 187, 315. rose, 75, 267, 271. rosette, 334. rote, 75. rough, 153, 388. Roumania,
329.
roune, 93. route, 75. routine, 343. row-ed, 274. rowe, rowen, 274. rown, 94. royally,
75, 35©royal-towered, 607. royalty, 41, 75, 349rude, 75. rue-ed, 274 Rugby,
278. ruin, 329, 343. ruinate, 309. rule, 32, 75, 107, 329. rum, 390. run,
119, 125, 267. rundle, 316. rung, 267. tungm, 267. Runic, 93, 405. runner,
319. rush (juncus), 1 19. Russia, 329. Russian, 393, 419. rustic, 406. rusty,
394ruth, 317. -ry, 33 1 rye, 20, 41.
S, the letter, 132, 133, 191. -s (genitive), 378. -s (plural). 378. -s
(possessive), 256. s (sound) = z, 346. s (final), 150, 262. s-, 606 c. sac
and soc, 628 a. sachel, 329. sacrament, 333. sacrifice, 3, 75. saddle, ill. Sadducee,
341. safe, 187. safe and sound, 628 a. saffron, 353. sail, 260, 316.
saint, 75. sake, 530. salad, 352. sale, in. salesman, 607. sallow = willow,
20, 316, 388. salmon, 342. saloon, 342. salt, 112. salutation, 358. salvation,
75. salve, 315. Sam, 373. same, III, 398, 399, 494sanatorium, 363. sanctuary,
75. sand, in. Sandringham, 318. sang, 124, 267. sanguine, 75, 413. sanitary,
414. sank, 124, 267. sap, 3 X 5sapience, 75. Sarai her, 572. sarcasm, 367. sardonic,
405. sarmon, 169. sarvant, 169. sarvice, 169. sat, 103, 267. sate, 267. satisfaction,
358. satisfy, 308. sauce, 75. saucy, 394. saugh = willow, 20. savation, 358. save,75,
187, 213,52? sarjcnunt, 333 saviour, 337. savour, 75. Savoyard, 342. saw,
267, 576. sawest, 576. 'Saxon,' 17. Saxondom, 323. Saxony, 17, 329.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6684) (tudalen 677)
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ñ677
saysoun, i>2. sayen, 580. sc-, 150, 163. SCADU, I50. scale, 150. Scandinavia,
329. Scandinavian, 419. scar, 150, 315, 456. scarcity, 75. scarify, 308. sceaf,
150, 274. SCEAFT, I50. SCEAL, I50. SCEAMU, I50. SCEANCA, I50. SCEAP, I50. SCEAPEN,
274. SCEARP, I50. SCEL, I50. scene, 104, 163. scent, 163. sceo, 150. SCEORT,
I50. SCEORTLICE, 254. scepticism, 365. sceptre, 41, 163. sch = sc, 150. schal,
61. sckame, 61, scharpe, 61. schild, 61. schism, 365. scholar, 75, 418. school,
75, 150. School Board, 565. SCtljrjjall, 45. science, 75, 163, 356. SC1LD,
I50. SCINLAC, 325. scite, 163. scituation, 163. SCOFEN, 274. scolemaester,
147. scop, 274. score, 59, 150, 234, 456. scot, 150. scot-ale, 360. Scotticism,
365. Scottish, 393.
scoundreldom. 323. scrap, 59. scrape, 59. scripture, 344. scrub, 150, 331. scrupulosity,
357. scufe, 274. SCYPEN, I50. SCYPPE, 274. scythe, 163. sdeigned, 606 c. sea,
181,183,184,315. seal (phoca), 187,315. seam, 316. season, 75, 182, 332. seasonable,
403. seat, 181. secheslu, 255. second, 75, 460. secondary, 414. section, 32. secular,
418. secure, 75 security, 349. sedate, 417. sedative, 412. see, 267, 271,
546, 576. seed, 104, 315. seedling, 318. seedsman, 607. seeing, 545, 576,
607. seek, 288. seely, 394. seem, 187. seen, 187, 267, 576. sees, 576. seest,
seeth, seen, 121, 132, 576. seethe, 267. segel, 316. seisin, 56. seizure,
344. seld, 437. seldom, 437. self, 469. -self, 469. self-involved, 607. selfish,
393. sell, 288.
selves, 469. semblance, 355. sempstress, 384, 385. senator, 363. send, 301. SEND
AN, 3OI. SENDE, 30I. sense, 356. sensitive, 41 2. sensual, 418. sent, 301. sent
(Sp.) = scent, 163. smtcmcrtt, 333. sentence, 75. sentiment, 333. separate,
417. Sepherus, 134. sequence, 356. serenade, 352. serfdom, 323. sergeant, 75.
serious, 409. Serjeant, 56, 169, 405. sermon, 75, 138, 169. servant, 75, 405,
462. serve, 75. service, 75, 345. servile, 413. sesquipedalian, 419. sessile,
413. session, 75settle (a bench), 316. seven, 458. seventy, 458. Severn, 19. sh,
134,148, 150, 187, I9 1 ' 393-sh, 388. shade, 150. shadow, 316. shadowy, 395.
shaft, 45, 112, 150. shake, shaken, 267. shaked, 304. shalbe, 255. shall, 45,
57, 150, 236, 237, 238, 239, 255, 29^576, 5 8 7shallow, 59. shaltu, 254.
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(delwedd E6685) (tudalen 678)
|
ñ6;8
shame, 45, III, I5°> 315shamefast, 400. shank, 150. shape, shapen, 267. shape-ed,
274. share, 123, 315. sharp, 45, 112, 150, 388. shave, shaven, 267. shaw, 20.
Shaxper = Shakespeare, 632. shay, 381. she, 104, 187, 470. sheaf, 150, 315. shear,
45, 123, 267. shears, 315. she-ass, 3S4. sheath, 45. sheep, 41, 150, 315, 382.
sheer, 117, 123. she-goat, 384. shell, 150. shepherd, 632. Sheppey, 603. sheriffdom,
323. srtierris, 38 1, sherry, 381. shew, shewn, 267. shield, 150, 315. shields,
45. shilling, 318. shilly-shally, 400. shine, 267. -shion, 329, 332. -ship,
315, 3 22 > 3 2 7> 328. ship, 45, n7> 3 r 5 ship-mate, 601. ship's
captain, 572. ship-shape, 400. shire, 61, 117, I2 3, 315. shod, 288. shoe,
150, 177, 288, 3I5shof, 267, 272. shone, 45, 267.
7. INDEX shooen, shoon = shoes, 380. shook, 267, 272. shoons = shoes, 380. shoot,
267. shope, 267. shore, 45, 123, 267. shorn, 267. short, 45, 150, 305, 388. shorten,
305. shot, 45, 267. shotten, 267, 272. should, 61, 168, 236, 2 37» 2 9 l >
5 8 7should say, 237. shoulders, 45. shove, 57, 176, 267. shoved, 272. shov-ed,
274. shovel, 316. shower, 119, 316. shrank, 124, 267. shriek, 288. shrievalty,
349. shright, 2 §8. shrike, 117. shrine, 117shrink, 124, 267. shrive, 61. shroud,
57, 119. shrubbery, 331. shrunk, 124 267. shrunken, 267, 391. shunned, 45. shunneth,
58. sick, 388. sick nor sorry, 628 a. sicken, 305. sickle, 41, 117, 3 l6
sic-like, 486. side, 12. sidwall, 45. sicg, 187. siege, 75. sieve, 11 7 sigh,
105. sight, 105, 152,317. gightc = sighed, 288. signet, 334.
sign, 75, I0 5signatary, 415signature, 344. significant, 405. sign manual,
563. siht, 132, 152. sike, 2 83. silk, 117. si ken, 391. silky, 394silly,
394silver, 316, 426. silverling, 318. silvern, 426. silvery, 426. similitude,
74, 64O. simoon, 353. simple, 75, 401. simplifying, 508 c. sin, 315. since,
226, 515. sincerity, 349sinew, 316. sing, 124, 187, 267. singe, 267. singular,
418. sink, 124, 267. -sion, 332. sir, 75. sire, 75. Sir-John, 170. sister,
316. sisterhood, 326. sisters, 380. sisteryn, 380. sistre?i, 380. sit, 105.
267. site, 163/ sith, 117, 543 svSe, 163. sithence, 527. sittcn, 267. situation,
358. six, 458. sixpence, sixpences. 599' Slit thou = seest thou, 132. sixty,
458. siz, 56.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6686) (tudalen 679)
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ñ679
sk, 150. skill, 59. skin, 59, 150, 315. skipper, 319. skirmish, 75. skittle,
150, 316, 377. skulk, 150. skull, 315. sky, 59. slacken, 305. slain, 267. slang
(preterite), 124, 267, 272. slank, 124. SLAPE, SLAPEX, 274. slot, 267. slaughter,
153. Slavonia, 329. slay, 267. slecge, 149. sledge, 149. sleep, 274, 288. sleeve,
117. sleight, 317. slep, 274. slfpcstorij, 255. slept, 274, 288. slew, 267. slid,
slidden, 267. slide, 267. sling, 124, 267. slink, 124, 267. slipper (adj.),
39 2 slippery, 392. slit, 59, 267. slotl, 267. sloe, in. sloh, 153. sloth,
317. slouch, 59. slough, 153. slow, 431. sluggard, 342. slung, 124, 267. slunk,
124, 267. smsll, 112, 127, 388. SMEOCE, SMEAC, 274. smite, 267. smith, 32,
35, 117, 315.
SMITHAS, IIO. smiths, 110. smitten, 267. smocezt, 274. smoke-ed, 274. smote,
267. snaffle, 316. snail, 316. sneak, 59. SNEGEL, 316. so, 222,471,503,539, 625.
so . . as, 536. sober, 75. soccage, 335. socket, 334. sod, 267, 272. sodden,
267. soft, 263. soil, 177. sojourn, 75. solace, 75. so'd, 288. solemn, 75. solemnity,
75. solicitude, 362. solid, 503. soliloquize, 310. solitude, 362. -som, 329,
332. some, 119, 235, 399, 5°3-some, 388, 399. somebody, 33, 477. some folk,
477. some one, 478. some people, 477. something, 234, 479. somewhat, 475. somnolent,
417. So mote E tijrc, 254. So mote it be, 210. son, 119, 187, 315. -son, 329,
332, 342. sonata, 353. sonorrlrjprs, 515. song, in, 315. songster, 385. songstress,
384, 385.
sooth, 263, 388, 628 a. soothsayer, 628 a. sooth to say, 628 a. sorcery, 331.
sore, in. sorrow, 316. sort, 32,^75, 234. so . . that, 536. sou g h .
3I5sought, 288. soul, 316. sound, 75, 138. sounding, 75. sour, 119. south,
315. Southerner, 319. southwards, 435. soverointess, 38 4. soverainty, 349. sovereign,
41, 56, 350, 402. sovereignty, 75. sovran, 187. sow, 382. space, 75. spacious,
409. spade, 41, in, 226. SP,£C, 1 4 7. SP.ETAN, 289. SP.ETTE, 289. spake, 267.
span, in, 124, 267. Spaniard, 342. Spanish, 393. sparrow, 316. spasm, 367. spat,
288. spate, 288. speak, 267. speak loud, speak low. 431. SPEARX, 274. spec,
370. special, 7;. speciality, 350. specialty, 349. species, 32, 363. specific,
406. specimen, 363.
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(delwedd E6687) (tudalen 680)
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ñ68o
7. INDEX
speciosity, 357. specious, 409. spectacle-bestrid, 604. speculative, 412. sped,
288. speech, 147. speed, 288, 315. speedy, 394. SPEL, 632. spend, 75, 301. spent,
301. sphere-music, 601. sphinx, 369. spet, 288, 289. spicery, 75, 331. spight
152, 606 c. spill, 301. spilt, 301. spilth (Sh.), 317. spin, 117, 124, 267. spindle,
316. spinner, 385. spinster, 385. spirit, 227. spiritualty, 349. spit, 117,
288, 289. spite, 152. spittle, 316. splotch, 37 2 spoil, 59. spoke, in, 267,
272. spoken, 267. spokesman, 607. sponsor, 363. SPORNEN, 274. sportsman, 572,
607. spouse, 75sprang, 124, 267. spread, 179. spright, 179. sprightly, 152. spring,
124, 267. sprit, 117. sprite, 152. sprung, 124, 267. sprungen, 267. spun,
124, 267. spurn-ed, 274. spurne, 274. spgtt, 288.
squalor, 363. squire, 75. squirrel, 640, 641. stable (subst.), 329. stable
(adj.), 75, 401. STAGER, 316. ST-SERF, 274. staff, 315, 378. stair, 316. stall,
112, 315. stallion, 342. stalworth, 603. Stamboul, 257. stanas, stones, no. Stanchio,
257. stand, in, 280, 288. standard, 342. Standish, 633. stang, 125. staniht,
stony, 397. stank, 267. stanza, 353. star, 112, 315. start, 112, 388. startleder,
422. Start Point, 112. starvation, 358. starve, 137. starve-ed, 274. starveling,
318. state, 103. stately, 75. stationary, 414. statistics, 368. stature, 75,
344. status, 363. statute, 75. staves, 378. steady, 394. steal, 267. stealth,
317. steam, 316. stedfast, 400. stedfast and stable, 75. steedes and
palfreys, 77. steel, 426. steelly, 398, 426. steer, 41, 315. STEORFE, I37,
274.
-ster, 385. stercoraceous, 409. stern, 316, 391. stcbm 316. STICCEM.ELUM,
437. stick, 267. stickle, 389. stickle-back, 389. Sticklepath, 389. stigma,
369. stiletto, 353. still, 431, 501. stimulus, 363. sting, 125, 267. stink,
267. stirrup, 117. stock, 315. stockade, 352. stocks and stones, 628 a. stole,
stolen, 267. stone, in, 315. stone age, 565. Stonehouse, 633. stone
implements, 565. stones, no. stone-wall, 425. Stonewall Jackson, 4 2 5stone
weapons, 565. stortg, 267. stongm, 267. stankert, 267. stood, 288, 290. STORFEN,
274. story, 75, 329, 371. stottntjnncle, 437. stow, 32, 315. STRAC, 267. STR^T,
l8. strait, 75. strake, 267, 272. strangeling, 377. stratum, 363. stream,
315, 316. streamlet, 377. street, 18. strength, 305, 317. strengthen, 305. STREOGAN,
267.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6688) (tudalen 681)
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ñ68l
stress, 370. stretcht, 187. strewn, 267. strican, 267. stricken; 267, 272. stride,
stridden, 267. strife, 12, 260. strike, stricken, 267. string, 267. stripling,
318. strive, striven, 105, 260, 267. strode, 267, 431. strong, in, 388. strove,
267. struck, 267. strung, 267. stubble, 316. 377. stuck, 267. student, 416. ,
studio, 353. study, 75. stuff, 234. stultify, 308. stung, 267. stunk, 267. sturdy,
394. sub-, 606 c. subaqueous, 606 c. sub-committee, 606 c. sub-divide, 606 c.
subject, 75, 606 c. subordinate, 606 c. subsannation, 358. subsidize, 310. substance,
75,355> 6 4°subtil, 413. subtilly, 75. subtilty, 75subtle, 75, 401. subtle-cadenced,
599, 608. subway, 606 c. succeed, -ed, 303. succession, 75. succulent, 417. such,
254, 471, 486, 496. such a one, 478. such . . as, 221.
such-like, 486. such one, 478. such things, 234. suckling, 377. sudden,
75> 402. sudden in a minute, 448. suffer, 75. suffice, 75. suggestive,
412. suicidal, 418. sulky, 394. sulphate, 361. sulphuric, 406. summer, 119,
316. summer grass, 565. sun, 315. sunder, 119. sundry, 495. sung, 267. sung
=singe-d, 272. gungm, 267. sunk, sunken, 124, 267. superfluity, 75. superintendency,
356. superlative, 412. supper, 75. suppleness, 320. supplicatory, 415. suppose,
75supremacy, 350. surety, 75, 349. surgeon, 134, 170. surgical, 418. surrender,
330. survey, 183. survival, 360, 418. suspense, 356. suspicious, 75. Sussex,
25. suture, 344. swa, 254. swain, 59. Sbal, 125, 267. swallow, in, 267. swallow-ed,
274. swam, 267. swannery, 331. sware, 267.
swarm, 316. swart, 388. swealh, 274. swear, 267. Swedish, 393. sweep, 288. sweet,
388. sweeting, 317. sweetish, 393. swelge, 274. swell, -ed, 125, 267. swept,
288. swift, 117, 388. SWILC, 254. swim, 267. swine, 41, 117, 315, 382. swing,
267. SWOLGEN, 274. swollen, 267. sword, 315. swordsman, 607. swore, 267. sworn,
267. swum, 267. swung, 267. syllogism, 606 d. sym-, 606 d. symbolize, 310. symmetrical,
418. sympathize, 310. sympathy, 606 d. symphytism, 254. syn-, 606 d. synclinal,
606 d. syndicate, 361. synonomy, 364. syntax, 606 d. synopsis, 369. synoptic,
420. synthesis, 369. system, 364, 368. systematize, 310.
T, the letter, 138, 149. -t (final), 315, 317. table, 41, 75, 329.
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(delwedd E6689) (tudalen 682)
|
ñ682
tablet, 377. T2ECAN, I47. take, taken, 59, 267. take off, 524. tale, 103. talent,
75. talented, 396. talk, 103, 546. talk of, 545. tall, 103. Tamar, 19. tallow,
316. tame, III. tan, 103, in. tank, 342. tankard, 342. tapster, 112. tardy,
394. tare (verb), 267. tarnish, -ed, 303. Tartary, 329. taste, 75. taught,
153, 288. tavern, 75. tay, 180. tch, 140, 147, I5 1 ' 167. tea, 179, 180,
181, 185. teach, 147, 288. teah, 274. team, 11, 316. tear (subs.), 5, i°>
x 79> 316. tear (verb), 10, 267. teat, 181. tedium, 363. teem, 10, 104. teeth,
381. telegraphic, 420. Telephus his, 572. tell, 32, 288, 453. tell him, 574. tell
me true, 431. temperate, 417tempest, 75. temporalty, 349. tempt, 75. ten, 5,
10, 458. tender, 75, 330.
I. INDEX tenement, 333. tenour, 359. tent, 75. TEOGE, 274. term, 75. termini,
382. terminus, 363. terrific, 406. tertiary, 414. testament, 333. Teutonic,
406. text, 363. th, 97, I3 8 » l8 7> I9 1 -th (nounal), 315, 317. TH^C,
I47. p^RSC, 274. Thames, 19. than, 125, 520, 536. thane, 316. thank, 10. thankful,
400. thankless, 400. tfjar, 291, 292. that, 10, 30, 81, 97, 191, 47i> 47 2
> 4 8 7> 488, 490, 499, 5 l6 > 549that boy of mine, 574. that boy of
Norcott's, 572. thatch, 147. that . . that, 472. that time, 503. that way,
518. that which, 472. the, 97, 178,191, 226, 249, 254, 472, 491, 499- 5 l 5^
22 the . . the, 472. the which, 493. the while, 503. the wrong way, 503. theah,
132. ])EARF, 29I, 292. })EGEN, 316. theatre, 75. thee, 10, 104, 178 467. tf)Cld),
254. THEGEN, 383.
their, 481, 484, 489. theirn, 484. theirs, 484, 485, 575* them, 10, 97, 4^9' 4
8 9- 574themselves, 469. then, 10, 125, 515 536. theorem, 368. theoretic,
420. tijer (Ch.), 81. there, 121, 222, 226, 515. thereabout, 510. thereabouts,
515, 516. thereafter, 516. thereafterward, 516. thereagainst, 516. thereat,
516. thereby, 516. therefor (American), 158. therefore, 160, 226, 5 l6
therefrom, 510. therehence, 516. therein, 516. thereinto, 516. there is, 584.
thereof, 516. thereon, 516. thereout, 516. thereover, 516. therethrough, 516.
thereto, 516. there was, 584. therewith, 516. the right way, 503. ))ERsce,
274. these, 488. these things, 234. they, 33,57,226,47 488, 489. they say,
476. thick, 97. thick-leaved, 607. thievish, 393. thief, 315. thigh, 187. thimble,
316.
6,
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6690) (tudalen 683)
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ñ683
thin, 97, 138. thine, 97, 105, 117, 138, 481,483,484. thing, 32, 34, 97, 117,
2 32, 233, 234, 315, 382, 479, 514. things, 382. think, 10, 277, 28S. third,
638 (note), thirst, 10. thirteen, 458. thirty, 458. this, 3, 97, 471, 487, 488,
490. this-e, 488. thistle, 20, 117. THIUDIX-ASSUS, 32O. tko'f= though, 153. tijolf,
10. }>ORFTE, 29I, 292. thorn, 20. thorough-, 606 a. thorough, 219. thoroughfare,
606 a. thoroughgoing, 606 a. pORSCEN. 274. those, 4S8. those things, 234. thou,
10, 217, 467, 470. thou art it, 575. though, 10. 132, 153. thought, 288, 317.
thousand, 119, 458. thraldom, 323. thrall, 59. thralless, 384. pRANG, 274. thread,
97. threaden, 391. three. 10, 91, 457, 458. three hundred, 458. threnody,
364. thresh-ed, 274. threw, 267. thrice, 461. thrift, 59, 317. pRIXGE, 274. thrive,
97, 267.
thriven, 267. throne, 41. throng-ed, 274. through, 10, 119. 153, 219. throve,
267. throw, thrown, 267. thru/— through, 153. thruh = trough, 1^3. 178. thumb,
119. thunder, 316. thunder-struck, 604. thy, 1 8 7, 48 1, 483, 49 1 ' 495'
5*5tOjung, 233. thyselr, 469. tick, 370. ticket, 334, 370. ticket-of-le.ve,
61 1. tickle, 389. ticklish, 389, 393. tide, 389. tide, 306, 315. tiding, 59.
tight, 105, 305. tighten, 305. tigol, tile, 18. tigress, 3S4. tile, 316. till
(verb), 177. till, 10, 162, 525,533. till then, 525. till to-morrow, 525. timber,
10, 137, 316, 426. timbern, 426. T1MBRAN, 5. time, 260. timely, 398. time-piece,
601. Time trieth troth, 628 a. timidity, 349. timorous, 409. tinder, 10. tinnen,
391. -tion, 358. tip, 187. tirade, 352.
tire, 363. to-, 606 a. t0 > 37' 453> 4 66 > 4 68 > 502,525.526,580
c, 592, 606 a. to be, 463, 578, 580 e, 5S5, 586, 588. to be off, 584. to be
up to him, 584. to-brake, 606 a. tflsbrrkitfj, 606 a. to come by, 584. to cry
down, 588. to-do (Devonshire), 455- , toe, 177. toft = taught, 153. TOGEN\
274. together, 30. to go in for. 5^4. to have to do, 593. to her. 574. to
him, 574. toil, 177" token, 10, ill, 316. told, 288. tolerable, 403. toll
and team, 628 a. Tom > 373 to make it out, 593. tom-cat, 384. tom-tom, 64
1. tongs, in. tongue, 5, 10, 119, 160, 315. tonnage, 335. too, 502. took,
267, 273. tooth, 10, 263, 31-. too . . to, 534. tore, 267. torment, 333. tormentor,
75. torn, 267. tornado, 352. Torquay, 184. torture, 344. to run down, 588. to
take to, 584.
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(delwedd E6691) (tudalen 684)
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ñ68
4
I. INDEX
to the uttermost, 517. TOTILA, 377. tough, 153. tour, 187. tournament, 333. tow-ed,
274. toward, 400, 606 a. towards, 515. tower, 75, 329. to whom, 540. town,
119, 316. toy, 10. tradesman, 607. tradespeople, 607. trait, 154. traitor,
337. traitress, 75, 384. trans-, 606 c. transaction, 358. trans-atlantic, 606
c. transform, 606 c. translate, 75. translation, 75. transmit, 606 c. transpose,
606 c. travail, 75traveler, 187. tray, 183. /ra* = tray, 183. treacherous,
409. tread, 267. treadle, 316. treason, 75, 182, 332. treasure, 181, 344. treasurer,
41. treaty, 56. tree, 5, 8, 20, 315. treen, 391. Trent, 19. trey, 56. tribunate,
361. tributary, 75. Trinitarian, 419. trod, 267. trodden, 267. trombone, 353.
tropical, 418. troth, 78, 317. troublesome, 399. trough, 153, 176.
troubhe, 78. troutlet, 334. trover, 56, 330. truculent, 417. true, 388. true
as touch, 628 a. trueth, 146. truism, 365. trumpery, 331. trumpet, 334. trustee,
341. trusteeship, 327. trusty, 394. truth, 317. -tude, 362. tun, 119. turf,
119. Turkey, 329. Turkish, 393. turn, 75. turpitude, 362. turret, 334. tush,
202. tusk, 119. tusks, 638. tussock, 317. twain, 458. Tweed, 19. twelve, 458.
twenty, 458. twenty-one, 458. twice, 461. twinkeling, 318. twit, 32, 606 a. two,
5, 10, 91, 457, 458, 622. two hundred, 458. -ty, 3 2 9. 349' 357 tyrannize,
310. tyranny, 75, 364. tyrant, 75, 131. Tyrolese, n o8. U (consonant), 186. U
(vowel), 100, 101, 103, 107, 108, 109, 118, 121, 148, 153. U (French), 171,
187. u = f, 153. U (Saxon), 176.
ugh, 153. "g'y. 59> 39 s ultimatum, 363. ultra-, 606 c. ultra-montane,
606 c. ultra-radical, 606 c. un (French), 187. un- 307, 509, 606 a, 632. 'un
(a good 'un), 166. unanswerable, 404. unapproachable, 403. unbeliever, 307. unborrowed,
509. unchurch, 307. uncle, 222, 329. unco, 632. uncouth, 168, 632. uncouthe
and strange, 77. undead, 509. under, 119, 226. under-, 606 a. undergo, 606 a.
underhand, 606 a. underling, 31 8. understand, 606 a. undertake, 606 a. unequall
(Sp.), 162. unfrock, 307. -ung, 318. ungodly, 439. UNGRENE, 509. unguent, 363
unhesitating, 606 a. uniformitarianism, 365, unify, 308. unit, 187. universal,
418. unjust, 307, 606 a. unlawful, 606 a. unlikely, 606 a. unlink, 307. unlock,
307. unmannerly, 398. unmeet, 307. unmitigated, 606 a. unscrupulous, 606 a. unset
steben, 509. u.itie, 307.
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6692) (tudalen 685)
|
ñ685
until, 86, 533. unto him, 469, 574untoward, 400. unwilling, 606 a. up, 30,
119, 187, 501, 584up-, 606 a. upas tree, 601. upheaval, 360. upheave, 560. upland,
606 a. uplong, 606 a. upon, 524, 606 a. uppish, 593. upright, 606 a. nprootal,
360. up=sc4iabm, 518. upset, 606 a. upshot, 606 a. upside down, 518. up-so'tirjrjm,
518. up to a thing, 501. up to him, 584. up with a person, 501. upward, 400,
606 a. upwards, 435. urbane, 157. urbanity, 349. -ure, 329, 344. us, 466. usage,
75. use, 260. usefulness, 320. user, 319. 330. usher, 260, 338. Usk, 19. utilize,
310. utter, uttered, 303. Ux, 19. uze (Sp.), 346.
V, the letter, 136, 137, 148, 186, 191. vacillate, vacillated,303. vagary,
620. vain, 75, 137. vale, 103. valetudinarian, 419. Valentinian, 419.
valour, 359. valuable, 403. value, -ed, 403. valueless, 403. valuing, 403. van,
no. vanish, 75vanity, 75. varicose, 412. vary, 75. vas (Sanskrit), 277. vast,
222. vastly, 440. vat, 103, 112, 187. vaunt, 260. veal, 41. vegetarian, 419. velocity,
349. velvet, velvety, 426. venerate, 309. venerie, 137. vengeance, 355. vengeress,
384. venison, 41, 332. venom, 343. ventriloquism, 365. veray, 137. verdure,
344. verier, veriest, 497. verily, 32, 222, 441. vermeil-tinctured, 607. vermin,
343. verse, 216. versing, 580 g. vertex, 363. vertue, 155. very,
75,398,428,497. vest, 363. vessel, 329. vestment, 333. veteran, 419. btage,
155. vial, 329. vicarage, 335. vice, 75. vicious, 187. vicissitude, 362. victim,
363. victory, 75. victual, 75, 401.
view-point (American), 612. vignette, 334. vilany, 329. village, 75, 335. villagery,
331. villain, 41, 55, 402. villainous, 430. villany, 75. vine, 105. vine
disease, 565. vineyard, 601, 632. vintner, 338. violence, 75violent,
417violoncello, 353. virgin, 75. virginity, 75. virtue, 75, 137, 155, .
329virtuoso, 353. virtuous, 75. virulent, 417. virus, 363. visage, 137, 155. vision,
187. visionary, 414. visit, 75. vista, 353. vital, 75. vixen, 383. voice, 75,
187. volcanic, 406. volcano, 353. vortex, 363. vouchsafe, 56, 75. voyage,
155, 335. vow, 329. vulgar, 418. vulnerable, 403.
-w (substantival), 315, 316. -w (adjectival), 388. W, the letter, 129, 153. w
(initial), 15 1, 166, 169. wa, 196, I(,S, 200.
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(delwedd E6693) (tudalen 686)
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ñ686
7. INDEX
WACIE, I47. wade-ed, 274. w^den, 274. w.erloga, 325 note, wag, 103. wagon,
315, 316. wagonette, 334, 377. waileress, 384. wain, 315. waiver, 330. wake,
ill, 267. wakefull (Sp.), 162. foala, 200. foalatoa, 200. Wales, 22. walk,
103. walker, 319. walk fast, 431. walk slow, 431. wall. 18, 1 103, 112. Wallachia,
22, 329. wallinger, 336. Wallis, the Canton, 22. Walloons, 2 2. wan, in. wane,
103. want, 20, 59, 103. ward, 74. 114. -ward, 388, 400. warden, 74, 329, 402.
ware, 74warfare, 605. bjarts!}, 74 warm, 390. warmth, 317. warp, 112. wary,
74. was, 113, 267, 278, 281,578. was being, 583. Wash, the, 19. wash (verb),
267. washen. 267. wash off, 524. wasp, 112. waspish, 393. wast, 281. foastfl
74 Wat (Walter), 373. watch, 147.
watch and ward, 75. 628 a. water, 12, 19, 103, 112, 133, 316. water-course,
618. water-hole, 601. Waugb, 153. wave after wave, 450. wax, 267. waxen, 267,
273. way. 3*5» 37 8 waybread, 20. ways and means, 75. wayward, 400. we, 33,
104, 466, 476. weakling, 318. weal and woe, 628 a. weald and wold, 628 a. WEALDE,
274. Wealden beds, 391. wealh, 383. wealsman, 607. WE ALL, l8. WEALLAN, 336. wealth,
32. wean, 181. weapon, 316. weaponed, 396. wear, 267. 315. WEAR'S, 267, 283. weariness,
320. weather-wise, 604. weave, 267. Webber, 319. Webster, 385. WECG, I49. wedge,
149. wedlock. 325, 605. wee bit mannie, 377weed, 20. weedy, 394. week, 167. weep,
104, 288. weevil, 316. weight, 317. weird, 564. welcome. 606 a. welkin, 316. well,
315.
well-, 606 a. welladay! 200. well away, 200. well-beloved, 606 a. well-wisher,
606 a. Welsh, 22, 393. wend, 301. wended, 301. bjcncstu, 254, 255. went, 301,
302. WEOLD, 274. weor'San, 267, 2S3, 4OO, 585. rjjcrjclg, 398. wept, 288. were,
281, 578, 579. were being, 583. weren, 282. were to be, 583. wert, 281. wesan,
267. Wessex, 25, 26, 603. westwards, 435. wet, 187. wether, 12, 315. forex,
267. wh (digraph), 191. wh = hw, 151; =h, . 164. whale, 112, 151, 164, 3I5wharf,
164. wharfinger, 336. what, 81, 151, 164, 471, 472, 473. 474, 475' 493> 5
l6 > 539> 625. whatever, 517. what-like, 493. whatso, 471, 475, 625. what
time as, 543. wheat, 20, 41, 151, 164, 179. wheel, 151,164, 315. whelp, 315. when,
81, 153, 164, 5 X 5whence, 81, 515, 517, 539
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6694) (tudalen 687)
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ñ687
where, 81, 151, 164, 226 »5 I 5. 537. 5 8 5whereabout, 516. whereabouts, 515.
516. whereas, 516, 537. whereat, 516. whereby, 516. wherever, 516. wherefore,
58. 516. wherein, 516. whereinto, 516. whereof, 516. whereon, 516. whereout,
516. whereso, 516. wheresoever, 516. wherethrough, 516. whereto, 516. whereunto,
516. whereupon, 516. wherewith, 516. wherewithal, 516. whether (pron.), 493. whether
(conj.), 537. whetstone, 151. which, 151, 472, 493, 539. 54°which that, 81. whighfc
(Sp.), 152. while, 76, 151, 221, 315. 543whilome, 437. whilst, whilest, 297. whimsical,
418. whin, 20. whiskey, 19. whispering, 151. whistle, 316, 377. whistler,
151. whit, 479. Whitby, 278. white, 133, 151, 152, 388. white-handed, 607. whither,
164, 515. Whitsun,Whitson, 391. Whit Sunday, 391. who, 81, 151, 164, 226,
471, 472, 475, 493> 539. 54°> 625.
whole, 165. wholesome, 399. whom, 472, 473, 493, 539, 574whome=home (Sp.), 164.
whose, 151, 472, 473, 539> 574whoso, 471,475, 625. whot = hot (Sp.), I( H.
why, 81, 151, 515, 538. wick, 117. wicked, 396. wickedness, 83. wicker, 392. wicket,
20. WiclifHsts, 363. Wiclifite, 363. wide, 305. widen, 305. widow, 316. widowhood,
326. width, 317. wield-ed, 274. wif, 382. wife, 117, 315, 632. wifie,
377wight, 105, 117, 317, 479wild, 105, 117. wilderness, 320. wilding, 318. wile,
59. will, 315. will (symbol-verb), 236, 238, 239, 291, 576, 537. Will
(William), 373. wiliest, 238. willeth, 238. willingly, 445. will-o'- the
wisp, 61 1, willow, 20. rjjlltu, 255. wilyness, 83. win, 267. Winchester, 20.
wind, 105, 117, 267, 3I5
wind and weather, 628 a. wine, 105, 117. wine-glass, 612. wing, 260. wink,
117. winnings, 318. winsome, 399. winter, 117, 316. winter-quarters, 603. wire,
216. wis (? verb), 290. -wis, 411. wisard, 346. Wisbech, 19. wisdom, 323. wise,
80, 117, 234. wise and wary, 628 a. wishy-washy, 400. wist, 288. WITAN, 29O. wit,
105. wit and wisdom, 628 a, witchery, 331. with, 32, 38. with-, 606 a. withal,
518. with confidence, 448. with consternation, 448. with disorder, 448. withdraw,
306 a. withhold, 606 a. with one accord, 445. withstand, 38, 606 a. witling,
377. witness, 320. witnesses, 320. witticism, 365. wives, 382. wizard, 342,
346. wize (Sp.), 346. wo, 200. woad, in. uvak — ozk, 166. woats = oats, 166. won,
274. woden, 167. woe, 177, 200. forjEmen, 177.
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(delwedd E6695) (tudalen 688)
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ñ688
I. INDEX
woe worth the day, 200. woh, 200. woke, 267. wolcen, 316. wold = old, 166. wold,
31 5wolf, 119, 167, 315. woman, 632. women-singers, 384. womb, 315. won —
one, 166. won (verb), 267. foontl, 267. foonom, 267. wonder, 32, 167, 310. wonderfullest,
422. wonderfully, 437. wonder great, 430. footmen, 267. wont, 59. wood, 8,
12, 20, 119, 315,426,617. wooden, 391, 426. woodhouse, 61 7. wool, 119, 167. woollen,
391. woolward, 400. word, 12,32,167, 315, 382. word of command, 612. words,
382. wore, 267. work, 288, 602. workmanship, 327. world, 315. worm, 119, 315 wormwood,
20. Wormwood Scrubs, 33 1 worn, 267. worse, 422. worser, 422. worship, 327. worshiped,
187. worst, 422. wort, 20. worth (adj.), 388. worth (subs.), 119, 283.
■worth (verb), 267, 273> 283.291, 585. foortrje
(inf.), 28 3worthy, 218. wot, 288, 290. wother = other, 166. would, 168, 236,
238, 239. 2 9 x ' 5 8 7wound, 267. wove, 267. woven, 267. wr = r, 164. WRiEC,
267. 274. wrapt = rapt, 164. wrat, 267, 273. wrath, 164. Wrawlegh, 164. wreak,
32, 164, 267. wreaked, 274. wreath, 187. wreathe, 187. wreccea, 147. WRECE,
274. WRECEN, 274. wrediness = readiness, 164. wrest = rest, 164. wrestle,
164. wretch, 147, 164, 165. wretched, 396. wretchlessness, 165. wright, 105,
152, 164. forth,! (Ch.), 77. wring, 267. wrist, 164. writ, 267. write, 152,
164, 267. write off, 524. write slow, 430. writing, 580 f. written, 267. wrong,
164. wrote, 267, 273. wrote = root, 164. wrought, 288. wrought = raught, 165.
wrung, 267. . WULF1LA, 377. foulttt, 254.
wun, 166. WUNDRUM, 437. wush, 267. WUtS = 02l\S, 167. Wykehamists, 363, 366. WYLEN,
383. WYRD, 565. fogS = wise, 80.
X, the letter, 139, 142.
Y, the letter, 129, 130, I3iy = i, 162. -y, 3 2 9> 3 6 4> 3 88 ' 395 -y
(diminutive), 377. y-= ge-, 606 a. yable, 131. yachen, 1 31. yacre, 131. yakker,
131. yale, 131. y allow, T-75 Yankee, 341. yarbs, 131. yard, 1 1 2, 1 30,
315, 329. yare, 130, 388. ycrm, 13I. yarn, 131. yarnest, 131. yarrow, 20,
316. ychain'd, 606 a. yclept, 606 a. ye, 130, 467. ye ( = the), 97. yea, 181,
202, 503. yean, 131. year, 130, 315. yearn, 130. yeast, 317. yeaze, 1 31. yell,
260. yellow, 173, 3 88 yellow-girted, 60S. yellow-ringleted, 607. yelp, 130
OF LETTERS AND WORDS.
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(delwedd E6696) (tudalen 689)
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ñ6S
9
Yenton, 633. yeoman, 177. yeomanry, 331. -- ver > 329, 339yes, 130, 202,
503. yes, sure, 431. yesterday, 435. yet, 130', 187, 226. yew, 20, 107, 131,
141. yield, 130, 303. yielded, 303. 2=Iatr, 288, 289. -yn, or -yng (inf.), 580.
yoke, 315. yoke-fellow. 601. yon, yond, yonder, 492, 500.
York, 20, 603. yote-ed (=pour), 274. y°"> 33.226,246,467, 47o, 476. young,
119, 130, 176, 187, 388. youngling, 377. youngster, 385. your, 481. your
grace, 462. your highness, 462. your honour, 462. your lordship, 462, 470. your
majesty, 462. yourn, 484. yours, 484, 485, 575. yourselves, 469.
ypointing, 606 a. y* Othat), 97. rjrjjfs, 256. ywroken, 267, 273. Z (sound)
=s, 346. Z, the letter, 130, 132. !34zeal, 187. zealous, 409. zeir
(Scottish), 130. zenith > 353zephyr, 131. Zephyrus, 134. zero -'353,
5I4zh, 191. zit (Scottish), 130. Zvmmerzet, 133.
Yy
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(delwedd E6697) (tudalen 690)
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ñ
INDEX OF SUBJECTS AND AUTHORITIES. [The numbers are those of the Paragraphs.]
Ablaut, 123, 265, 286, 502* Accent, 616, 621. Accentuation, 156, 619, 632,, Accidence,
66, 212. Addison, 161, 540, 656. Adjection, 425. , triple, 426. Adjective,
ambidextral, 84. , office-bearing, 423. , morphology of, 425, 427. Adverb,
threefold, 428. , Flat, 430, 500, 514. , Flexional, 434, 515. , Phrasal, 445,
517. Adverbiation, 451. iEschylus, 608. Agglutinate languages, 570. Aldhelm,
27. Alemanniari dialect, 377Alexander, Romance of, 60. Alexandrine metre, 60.
Alford, Dean, 238, 239, 404. Alfred, his version of Gregory's Cura
Pastoralis, 27, 28, 29. 'Alfred Jewel,' the, 285. Allingham, William, 597, Alliteration,
626, 629. Alliterative couplings, 628. Allophylian languages, 570. Alphabet,
pictorial origin of, 90, 91, 229, 614. , Phonetic, 187. , Roman, 92.
Alphabet, Runic, 93. Alt-Hoch-Deutsch, 7, II. Ambidextral adjective, 84. American
usage, 154, 359, 375, 380, 430, 612, 620, 632. conservation of old forms, 276.
Analysis, 551, 553. Analytic and Synthetic, 445, Ancient languages, 245, 654.
Andrewes, Lancelot. 469. Anglian dialect, 23, 26, 28, 86, 132. Anglosaxon
features, 14, 17* 30, 127,421,467,469, 505,575. Anti-Jacobin, 650. Arabic,
numerals, 230. ■ words in English, 353. Area of words, 32, 37. Aristophanes,
608. Arnold, Dr., 248. Arnold, Matthew, 184. Arthur, king, 47. Article,
definite, 491. , indefinite, 498, 511. , Danish and Swedish, 8. Articulation,
615. Aryan languages, 2, 252, 465, 570. Ascham, R., 318. Aspirate consonants,
4. Augmentatives, 376. Austen, Jane, 440, 484, 497, 521. Auxiliary verbs,
291, 294, 298, 300,. 587.
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(delwedd E6698) (tudalen 691)
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ñ//.
INDEX OF SUBJECTS AND AUTHORITIES. 6gi
Bacon, Lord, 235, 542. Badham, C. D., 417. Baeda, 23, 24, 132. Baillie,
Joanna, 198. Ballads, 518, 521, 525, 529, 580 b, 586. Barbauld, Mrs., 235. Barbour,
poet, 26. Barnes, poet of Dorset, 380, 586. Barrow, Isaac, 579. Baxter, R.,
422. Beattie, poet^ 198. Being, the expression of, 279, 280. Benedict Biscop,
26. Ben Jonson. See Jonson. Beowulf, epic poem, 26, 136, 474. Berkeley, Bp.,
631. Bible of Wiclif, 380, 505. of 1535 5 393. 43 1 . 449' 474» 491, 496,
498, 517. — °/J539; 335. 522, 543. 5 6 4-, Genevan, 270, 302, 335, 478,
617. 0/1611; 204, 220, 235, 238,
255» 270, 271, 272, 273, 275, 3° 2 ' 3i8, 371, 405, 422, 433, 444' 455» 4 6
7> 4 68 » 474' 4 8 5> .495 Bible translations, 13, 145, 165, 201, 208,
449, 469, 475, 489, 498, 5°5> 5 2 4' 580 g, 602. Bilingual period, 42, 63,
84. Bilingualism of English, 77. Blair, Dr., 423. Blank verse, 651. Boethius
tr. Chaucer, 398, 435. Bopp, 459, 463. Bosworth, Dr., 503. Boyd-Kinnear,
John, 536. Brachet, Auguste, 338, 349, 632. Bradley, Charles, 362. Breal,
Michel, 459. Bremen, 7. Bret Harte, 612. Bright, John, 580 e. British language,
18, 19, 22. Brogue, 649. Brougham, Lord, 330. Brown, John, 412. Browne, Sir
Thomas, 184, 501. Y
Browning, Robert, 608. Brutes, language of, 247. Bunyan, John, 153, 241. Burns,
269, 377, 399. Butler, Joseph, 362. , Samuel, 1 74.
Caedmon, poet, 24, 136, 509. Campbell, Thomas, 215, 335. Cardinal vowels,
109. Carlyle, Thomas, 323, 396, 477, 499' 55°' 6o1 Case-endings, 378. Castren,
Alexander, his Samoyedian Grammar, 126. Caxton, William, 294, 325, 496, 534,
580, 586, 588. Chaldee, 3. Chalmers, Thomas, 349, 358. Chapman his Homer,
275, 395. Chaucer, 67, 73, 93, 125, 144, 155, 169, 177, 179, 200, 201, 232, 254,
264, 269, 283, 292, 294, 323, 326, 328, 336, 338, 394, 409, 423, 483, 489,
493, 535, 577' 647. Childish speech, 125. Chinese language, 223. writing, 90.
accidence, 223. syntax, 570. 'Chirr,' 147. Christian names, 373. Christianity
and languages, 13. Church, R. W., 580 d. Clarendon quoted, 327. , his style,
657. Clarke, Mrs. Cowden, 530. Classics, influence of, 359. Claudius Caesar a
phonetic reformer, 186. Clough, Arthur H., 202, 310, 321. Cochin-Chinese,
462. Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 272, 281, 472, 660 a. -, Sir J. T., 478. Collier,
Jeremy, 363. Collocation, 553 ff, 630. Common Prayer Book, 3 2 1 , 384, 5 64.
y 2
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(delwedd E6699) (tudalen 692)
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ñ692
//. INDEX
Comparative Philology, 108, 458. Comparison of adjectives, 421. Composites,
397. Compounds, 597. , First order, 600. , Second order, 607. , Third order,
611. - liable to vagueness, 610.
Conditional mood, 562. Confusion, a cause of words dying out, 165. Congreve,
quoted, 289. Conington, John, 333. Conjunctions, 532. Conquest, fatal to
Saxon literature, 40. Consonantal transition, 2, 3. Contingency, how
expressed, 577. Cotgrave, Randle, 331, 356, 400, 617. Court English, 85, 89. Court
hand, 68. Courts of Law, 65. Coverdale, Myles, 165, 204, 449, 474' 5 2 4>
584Cowley, Abraham, 182, 254. Cowper, poet, 183, 221, 260, 400, 409, 431,
478, 619, 628. Crabbe, 398, 628. Crowley, Robert, 398. Cryptograph, 1 2 1. Cumulate
forms, 380, 381, 385,484. phraseology, 444, 448, 591. syntax, 583. Curt
forms, 370. Curtius, Georg, 262. Cypher. See Cryptograph.
Dacia, 7. Dale, R. W., 418. Danish, 8, 9, 59, 113, 167, 233, 238, 259, 261,
278, 316, 393, 422, 455,486, 562, 592. Davies, J. Llewelyn, 374, 541. Dawkins,
W. Boyd, 598. Decimal arithmetic, 230. Declension of substantives, strong,
378. weak, 379.
Declension of adjectives, 387, 420. Deflectionization, 569. Defoe, Daniel,
449. Denison, Edward, 660. Dentals, 4. Derival, 257. Derivatives, 397. De
Vere, Aubrey, 419, 610. Dialect, Brad Scots, 26. , Cumberland, 325. , Devon,
104, 107, 11 1, 116, J 66, 237, 392, 455, 470, 578, 648. -, Dorset, 58, 61,
87, 131, 166,
380, 586. — , East Anglian, 107. — , Gloucestershire, 61, 271, 380. — ,
Hampshire, 334. — , Irish, 184, 648. — , Lake District, 325, 474. — ,
Lancashire, 254, 580 h. — , Leicestershire, 503. — , London, 166. — ,
Norfolk, 380. — , Northants, 289. — , Northern, 45, 57, 87, 118,
I5 2 . 431 — , Oxfordshire, 372. — , Somersetshire, 166, 236, 271, 47°' 5 2
5- 561, 593, 641. -, Suffolk, 380.
, Sussex, 334. , Welsh, 2, 3, 648. , West Country, 61, 133, 255, 334— ,
Westmoreland, 325. -, Yorkshire, 86, 167, 169, 580 h.
(For other examples see Provi?icialistns.) Dialects in general, 66, 221. of
German, 377. , local division of, 66. Dickens, Charles, 172, 243, 373, 442,
448, 502, 503, 556, 580 f. Diez, Friedrich, 337, 423, 639. Diminutives, 376. '
Dim Saesoneg,' 42. Diphthongs, 175. Discord in Language, 594. Disraeli,
Isaac, 207.
OF SUBJECTS AND AUTHORITIES.
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(delwedd E6700) (tudalen 693)
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ñ6
93
Double-genitive, 572, 591. set of words, 42. Double-meaning, 645. Drayton,
Michael, 183. Dryden, John, 153, 271, 318, 422, 652. Dual pronouns, 466, 467.
Dunbar, Scottish poet, 509. Duncan, John, 660 a. Dutch, 17, 107, 142,
261,327,377, 469, 470.
Eden, Frederic, 568. Edgeworth, Miss, 198. Egyptian writing, 90, 229. Ellis,
Alexander, 187, 190. Emphasis, 586, 621, 623, 626. Enclitic, 196. Encliticism,
254. Englisc, 23, 29, 40, 52. * English,' 49. English Guilds, 160. English
language, 17, 67. ■ , the peculiar characteristics
of, I, 262, 452,
565. , sibilancy of, 150. , provincial, 302. , German era of, 556. ,
influenced by Greek, 613. , apology for, 613. Epitaphs, 534. Exeter
Song-Book, 95. Explicit noun, 589. verb, 581. vocabulary, 32, 41.
False Analogy, 382. Familiar Names, 373. Families of speech, 2, 570. Family
Names, 183, 184, 319, 338, 385, 033. Farrar, F. W., 606 d. Ferrier,
Professor, 245. Fifteenth Century, 160, 423. Finnish language, 126. Flat
adjective, 425. adverb, 430, 432. pronoun-adverb, 500.
y 3
Flat infinitive, 569. prepositions, 521. -—syntax, 554. flemish, 7. Flexion,
253, 254 , 257j 3^ y 6 34 , pronominal, 574. -, verbal, 576. Flexional stage
of language, 253, 607. adjective, 425 (2), 427 (2). adverb, 428, 434. pronoun-adverb,
500, 515. infinitive, 580-580 h. prepositions, 527. syntax, 571. Formatives,
verbal, 305. ■ , obliterated, 329. , nounal, Saxon, 315, 388. ,
French, 329, 401. , Latin, 411. , Greek, 420. Freeman, Edward A., 242, 423
xlx 5oi, 580 c, 626. *'* Freemasons, their Amen, 210. French language, 9; a
standard in England, 43; the language of public business, 52; of games of
chance, 56; translations from, 59; French of Paris, 64; French blending with
English, 80, 82 • French C, 134; CH, 140; introduction of V-sound, 137; has a
W-sound, 167; interjections, 202, 204; version of Amen, 210; reflex verb, 580
h. its characteristics, 427, j.70 512,561,581. ' -forms, 329, 347, 35o> 3
6 8 460, 632. , in documents, 69. -influence, 176, 217, 354,368, 300,406,
455, 466, 472, 523, 539. interjections, 202, 204, 378." logicality, 596,
610. Orthography, 138, 141. pronunciation, 156, 169, 170, J 73 substantive-verb,
278. verb in iser, 311.
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(delwedd E6701) (tudalen 694)
|
ñ694
II. INDEX
French versification, 627. vocalization, 177. contrasted with English, 157, 504,
561, 588, 590, 612. habit yielding to English, 168,
619. Frere, John Hookham, 372. Froissart, French chronicler, 332. Froude, J.
A., 322, 323, 347, 470, 501. Fry, Mr. Danby, his scheme of orthography, 191. Fuller,
Thomas, 318, 423, 425, 590. Future tense, 576.
Gawin Douglas, 509, 515. Gender, 383, 468. Genesis and Exodus, poem of, 57. Genevan
Bible. See Bible. Genitival phrases, 573. Genitive, Double, 572, 591. ,
Separable, 572. , Adverbial, 573. German, contrasted with English, 561, 609. compounds,
570, 602. influence, 556. language, 7, 133, 138, 167, 233, 234, 236, 261,
262, 285, 318, 323, 326, 327, 328, 331, 373. 384. 393> 397. 4 2 7» 430. 460,
525, 575, 606 a, 655. Gladstone, W. E., 365, 418. Glanvil, Joseph, 367. Goethe,
423, 439. Goldsmith, Oliver, 168, 183, 207, 218, 219, 321, 393, 395, 412, 4 2
5- 43i. Good Reading, 615, 630. Gospels in Saxon, 489, 505. Gothic contrasted
with Romanesque, 588, 590. family of languages, 2, 7, 261, 377, 4 22 , 458, 4
6 5> 5 8 i» 587. 606 a, 638, 655. Gower, poet, 67, 73, 197, 240, 264, 559Grammar,
what it is, 1, 211, 225. Gray, poet, 509, 628.
Greek form?, 285, 364, 367, 369, 382, 387, 606 d. Article, 498. influence,
311, 347, 613. language, 2, 4, 138, 234, 248, 25 1 , 2 57> 2 7 8 , 5 6
7> 608. particles, 250. verbs in -Ifav, 310. accents, 625. of New
Testament, 197, 200,
208, 252, 498. -, Modern, 514. 632.
Grimm, Jacob, 2, 285, 320, 385, 42 7, 494, 508. Grimm's Law, 2, 5, 10, 142. Grimsby,
the name, 59. Gutturals, 4, 132, 139, 153.
Hanseatic cities, 7. Hare, Junius, his spelling, 187. Harmonic permutation of
vowels, 126. Harmony, 640, 642, 659, 660 d. Harris, James, 423, 490, 546. Harrison,
John, 606 b. Havelok, the Lay of, 59. Hawkins, Edward, 327. Hayes, Dr., 321. Heard,
J. B., 358, 393, 396. Hearn, W. E., 537. Hebrew, 3, 280, 386, 398, 433, 49 8
' 5 6 7> 5 82 , 600, 643, 646. influence, 470. conjunction ' and,' 549. interjection,
209, 210. accents, 625. Heliand, Oldsaxon book, 381. Helmholz, 637. his
experiments, 109, 122. Hendrik Conscience, 7. Herbert, George, 441. Herrick,
Robert, 606 a. Higden, 66. High Dutch, 7, 10. Highway, why the Queen's, 68. Hill,
Matthew Davenport, 330, 365. ^— , Frederic, 545. , R. and F., 372. , Thomas
Wright, 187.
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(delwedd E6702) (tudalen 695)
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ñOF
SUBJECTS AND AUTHORITIES. 695
Hindu, 641. Hindustani, 70. Hinton, James, =,6^. * Hoch Deutsch, V 377. Holberg,
Ludwig, ^62. Holland, Sir H., 320. Hook, Dean, 476. Hooker, Richard, 426,
503, 518, 527, 544, 549Home Tooke, 412, 490, 546. Home, Bp., 423. Hosack,
John, 456. House of Commons, 355, 396, 490, 541, 580 d. Hullah, John, no, Hume,
Alex., grammarian, 147, 151, I 59 Huxley, T.H., 319, 4I 8, 422,448. Hyphen,
598.
Icelandic, g, 233, 261, 268, 278, 393, 467, 4 6 9 versification, 627. Imperative
Mood, 586. Impersonal pronoun, 33. Indo-European languages, 2, 3. Infant
speech, 245, 660 a. Infinitive, what, 580 a. , flat, 569. , flexional,
580-580 h. , phrasal, with to, 452, 592. Inflections, their nature a*nd use,
14 _ 3o, 254 (2), 37 8, 554, 634. ' Interrogation, syntax of, 562. Irish
writing, 92, 99. modulation, 648. Irishism, 184. Isle of Man, 233. Isolating
languages, 570. Italian characteristic, 376. ■ ' A,' no. adverb, 441. ■
chirt, 147. Diminutive,
377. influence, 346, 408, 411. interjection, 203. language, 121, 141, 33^ ^6.
substantive-verb, 278. words in English, 353.
Japanese language, 91, 204, =6i Jervis, W. H., 473. + " Johnson, Dr.,
his orthography, 16 T, T l8 5, 356, 375, 533Jonson, Ben, 177, 181, 36;. Jowett,
Professor, 660 c. Judgment, how expressed, 258 423. Julien, Stanislas, 570. Jutes,
the nation, 18.
K, in Swedish, 148. Keats, poet, 219, 608. Keble, John 84, 238, 240, 334,
372, i*l' & ' 469 ' 491 ' 55 °' 5 8 °> 028, 660. Keltic, 2, 20. Kelticism,
239. King, Thomas Starr, 569. Kinglake, A. W., 536. King's English, 6;, 8 5 ,
423. Koch, Friedrich C, 606 a. Koenig, his experiments, 109, 122. Labials, 4,
136. Language of infancy, 245. Langue d'oil, 511. Latimer, Hugh, 518. Latin,
contrasted with English 20 262, 554, 560, 567. ** forms, 355, 387. influence,
18, 39, 196, 348, 359« 4 t o language, 2, 4, 141, 212, 234, 2 5 1 particles,
251. reduplicative preterites, 285. interjection, 200. substantive-verb, 278.
accentuation, 632. Diminutives, 377. , usurping it over French, 410. LAUTVERSCHIEBUNG,
3, 12. Law English, 658. Layamon, the poet of the < Brut,' 44> 154,
208. 572. Legal diction, 658. Leland, Mr., 375.
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(delwedd E6703) (tudalen 696)
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ñ6
9 6
II. INDEX
Lengua d'oc, 511. Lindley, John, 334, 356. Link-words, 520. * Literature,'
659. Liturgy, the Latin, 204. Local names, 20, 25, 112, 134, 183, 184, 278,
318, 320, 331, 334, 389* 39 1 . 395>6i7, 633. Locker, Frederick, 377. Logic,
594, 596, 648. Logical considerations, 423, 595Longfellow, poet, 233, 276,
426, 620, 641. Longman, William, 236, 324. Lord's Prayer in Anglosaxon, 29. in
Moesogothic, 17. Low Dutch, 7, 10, 377, 469, 572. Lowell, James Russell, 321,
375, 448. ' Lowth, Bp., 423. Lubbock, Sir John, 565. Lubeck, 7. Luther, 7,
318, 430, 469, 573, 584, 609. Lydgate, poet, 182. Lyly, John, 242.
Macaulay, Lord, 203, 363, 381, 408. MacDonald, George, 377, 580 e, 584. Mackay,
Charles, 660. Maetzner, E?iglish Grammar, 569. Masson, David, 365. Maundevile,
333. ' Meaning,' 614, 616. Medial consonants, 4. Melody, 660 b. Metre, 648,
651, 653. Middle voice, 299, 580 h. Milman, Dean, 236. Milton, 155, 156, 162,
170, 182, 217, 269, 272, 273, 275, 381, 424, 436, 502, 578, 607, 628, 632,
656. Mittei - Hoch - Deutsch ( = Middle High Dutch), 7. Mixed verbs, 265,
287. Mnemonic of Ringchange, 5, 12.
Modern languages, 245, 498, 519, 6 54 Modulation, 615, 630. Moesogothic
language, 7, 9, 10, 14, 94, 113, 124, 127, 133, 150, 262, 278, 285, 320, 323,
378, 421,435,460,467, 558. Lord's Prayer, 15, 320. vocalism, 109, 120. specimens,
503, 558. Monboddo, Lord, 423. Mori Dieu I French interjection, 204. Montalembert,
68. Mood, Conditional, 562. , Imperative, 586. More, Henry, 357. Mozley, J.
B., 319, 320, 344, 353, 365, 416, 493, 586. Muiler, Professor F. Max, 252,
363, 462, 465, 642. Music, 616, 644, 646, 660 d. Mute consonants, division
of, 4. Myers, Frederic, 426. , F. W. H., 448, 472, 579. Myles Coverdale, 165.
Nautical terms, 606 b. Negation, 504, 510, 560. Neu-Hoch-Deutsch ( = German),
7. Newman, J. H., 84, 366, 583. Nibelungen Lied, 7, 377. Nightingale,
Florence, 655. Norman Conquest, its effect on the language, 40. Norman-French,
41. interjection, 200. Norsk, 494. Northern English, 45, 57. Northumbria, 23.
Norwegian language, 233, 393. Notker, 7. Nouns of multitude, 596. versus
pronouns, 462. Numerals, their written forms, 230. , substantival, 456. -. ,
adjectival, 457. , adverbial, 461. compared, 458. Nursery Rimes, 660 a.
OF SUBJECTS AND AUTHORITIES.
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Official adjective, 423. ' Old English,' 409, 423. Oldham, the poet, 370. Old
High German, 7, 127, 263, 329, 460. Oldsaxon, 378. Onomatopoeia, 639. Opprobrious
epithets, 53. Oratory, 654, 659. , juvenile, 660 a. Origin of Language, 660,
660 d. Ormulum, 44, 49, 144, 599 . Orthography, 50, 144, 154, 161, 185. Otfrid,
7. Owl and Nightingale— the poem, 58, 61, 254.
Paley quoted, 268, 320, 411, 575, 586, 591. Palsgrave, French grammarian, 82 353Parsing,
211. Participle, what, 580 a. Particle-Composition, 254, 606. Partition of
word-senses, 34. Passive verb, 9. Paston Letters, 294, 632. Pearson, Bp.,
545. Percy Ballads, 268, 377. Persian language, 2. Person-forms, 262. Philology,
what, 1, 66, 211, 225, 660 c. Phoenician alphabet, 229. Phonetic alphabet,
187. spelling, 187. - printing, 188. Phonology, 108. Phrasal adjectives, 425.
adverbs, 445. prepositions, 529. pronoun-adverbs, 517. infinitive, 452, 592. syntax,
581. Phrases, Substantival, 590. Picture-writing, 90. Piers Plowman, 6 5 ,
67, 73, 132, 5o 6. Pilgrim s Progress, 522.
Pitman, Isaak, 187. Platt-Deutsch, 7, 17, 317. Ploughman's Crede, 283. Plural
forms, 381. Poetic diction, 84, 264. Poetry, 615, 629. Polysynthetic
languages, 570. Pope, Alexander, 180, 433, 580 f, 597Prepositions in lieu of
terminations. 31. defined, 521. Prescott, William H., 362. Presentive words,
227, 231, 244, 462, 546. Preterites used as Participles, 271 2 73Printing,
its effect on orthography, 144, 146. Promptorium Parvulorum, 160. Pronominal
value, 165. Pronoun 'man,' 33. of second person, 470. Pronouns versus Nouns,
462. , Personal, 465. , Reflex, 469. , Demonstrative, 471. , Relative, 472. ,
Interrogative, 472. , Indefinite, 475. , Adjectival, 480. , Possessive, 481. Pronunciation,
260. influenced by spelling, 160, 170, 185. Proper names, 161. Provencal,
351. Provincialisms, 45, 61, 138, 221, 2 39> 302, 336, 384, 484, 489, 5I4.
5 2 2, 536, 634. (For other examples, see Dialect.) Psalms, New Version, 171.
Psalter of 1539; 202,232,270,271, 302, 522, 543, 564. Punning, the nature of,
645.
Quantity, 616. Quarles, 543. Queen's English, 68, 86, 89.
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II. INDEX
Ralegh, Sir W., 164, 169, 273. Ramsay, Allan, 268, 269, 271, , Dean, 270,
377. Red-Indian speech, 613, 641. Reduplication as a tense-sign, 124, 285. Relative
pronouns, two main sources of, 472. Rhetoric, 648. Rhetorical variation, 84. Rhyme,
629, 647, 651. Rhythm, 260, 616, 649, 654, 657, 659Robert of Brunne, 345,
503, 515. Robert of Gloucester, his chronicle, 61, 201, 318, 345. Robertson,
William, 498, 503. Robinson, Henry Crabb, 322, 340, 363, 3 6 5> 366, 385.
4 11 . 4 I2 > 464. Robinson Crusoe, 449. Rolleston, Professor, 500, 533,
556. Roman contrast to Gothic, 588, 590. numerals, 230. Romance of Alexander,
60. Romance languages, 351, 466, 472. Romanesque, 75, 638, 647. Romaunt of
the Rose, 336. Rothe, Richard, 609. Round numbers, 456. Runes, 93, 96, 129,
138. Ruskin, John, 443. Rustic pronunciation, 181. Ruthwell Cross, 96 n.
Samoyedian language, 126. Sanskrit, 2, 14, 252, 262, 277, 280, 465, 581, 653.
' Saxon ' as a term of language, *7> 2 5Saxon Chronicles, 29, 121, 134, 2
37, 297, 453>4 8l > 5 2 3» 6 °3Saxon forms, 261, 263, 266, 268, 315. 37
8 < 393» 397. 42i> 437. 457» 487.. 54 1 inflections, 40. writing. 92. frenchified,
177, 359.
Saxon literature, 28, 31, 40, 146, 175, 646. specimens, 420, 437, 453, 457, 474,
481, 505, 509, 523, 525, 602, 607, 626. speech, 39, 136. - verb, 263. vocabulary,
32, 41, 150, 360,
394' 6 °3vocalism, 113. — , contrasted with
French,
590.
Gospels, 489.
Saxons, a Low Dutch people, 17. — — colonised Britain, 18. Scandinavian
languages, 8, 320, 377» 378, 592. Scientific terminology, 606 d. Scott, Sir
Walter, 184, 201, 239, 283, 423, 492, 607. Scottish language, 26, 86, 220,
278, 377, 381, 486, 632. 'Z,' 130. pronunciation, 151. expressions, 276. Secondary
presentives, 387. Semitic family, 3, 570, 641. Sentence, simple, 557. Seventeenth
century, 409. Shairp, J. C, 522, 526. Shakspeare, 2, 86, 94, 102, 156, 158,
166, 169, 170, 172, 174, 182, 199, 205, 208, 214, 216, 217, 219, 222, 228,
238, 249, 255, 256, 269, 270, 272, 283, 306, 310, 320, 323, 347, 380, 403,
412, 423, 431, 485, 573, 617,627,632. Sharon Turner on Anglosaxon poetry, 31.
Shelley, 270, 395. Shenstone, poet, 264. Sheridan, Thomas, 631. Sibbs, Richard,
320, 404, 418. Sibilancy, 150. Sibilation, English, 66, 150. Sidney, Sir
Philip, 271, 272. Sixteenth century, 163, 164, 346. Skelton, poet, 73, 438. Skrine,
H. D., 660.
OF SUBJECTS AND AUTHORITIES.
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Slang, 370, 374, 377, 409, Slavonic, 2. Smiles, Samuel, 529. Smith, Sydney,
424. Horace, 609. Sound, 615, 631, 635, 660 a. Spanish language, 138, 352,
408, 47o. 55 6 > 5 8 7Spectator, The, 271, 273, 371, 394, 536, 57 2 >
59 1 - 6 5 6 Speech of Animals, 247. Speech-part-ship, 223. Spelling-reform,
50, 186. reformers, 187. Spelling to accommodate the eye, 178. Spencer,
Herbert, 607. Spenser, 60, 94, 152, 153, 156, 162, 163, 200, 256, 268, 273,
276, 289, 297, 316, 326, 333, 344, 346, 391, 409, 423, 425, 436, 507. 62
5Stephens, Prof., his Rttnic Monuments, 96. Stor Ting (Norway), 233. Strachey,
Sir Edward, 365. Stress, 624. Strong conjugations, 261, 266. become weak,
274. declensions, 378. Subjunctive mood, 578. Sub-presentive words, 464. Substantive
verb, 277Surrey, the poet, 153, 168, 181, 268, 381, 392, 580. Swedish, 8,
140, 148, 393, 422. Swift, Jonathan, 174. Swiss Diminutives, 377. Syllabarium,
what, 90, 91. Symbolic element, 227, 245, 251, 462, 498, 499, 546, 584. Symbolism,
228, 236, 242, 253, 464, 654. Symbol-verb, 281, 284, 581. Symphytism, 254,
257. Syntax, 552. , Flat, 554. , Flexional, 571, , Phrasal, 581. Synthetic
and Analytic, 445,
Taylor, Jeremy, 320, 358. Tennyson, Alfred, 164, 317, 331, 391, 398, 409,
414, 437, 448, 450, 502, 563, 579, 607, 628, 657. Tense, future, 576. , symbols
of, 586. Tenues, 4, 139. Terminology of Grammar, 452. Science, 606 d. Tertiary
presentive word, 428. Teutonic, 16. Thackeray, W. M., 202, 533, 614. Thin
consonants, 4. Thing-vollr (Iceland), 233. Thirlwall, Connop, his reformed spelling,
187. Tillotson, John, 469. Tooke, Home, 257. Transition of Consonants, 2. Transition-period
of English, 43. Translation of Scripture, 263. Trench, Abp., 41, 358, 400. W.
Steuart, 331, 360. Trevelyan, C. E., 367. Trevisa, John, 64, 318. Trimmer,
Mrs., 562, 580 f, 595. Trollope, Anthony, 400. Turbervile, 347. Tylor, Edward
B., 202. Tyndale, New Testament, 166, 270, 475Prologe, 270. Tynwald (Isle of
Man), 233.
Ulphilas, 14, 15, 286. Umlaut, 126. , English examples of, 127. , useful
survival of, 128, 38$^ , plural forms with, 381. Unsymbolic speech, 245.
Variation, adverbial, 433, 455, , phrasal, 590. , substantival, 84. Vaughan,
Henry, 320. Veiled speech, 547. Venn, J., 473.
700 II. INDEX OF SUBJECTS AND AUTHORITIES.
Verb, what, 258. , Person-forms of, 262, 265. , Strong, 261, 266. , Mixed,
287. , Preterpresent, 290, 291. , Weak, 301. , Reflexive, 588. Verb-making,
305. Verse, 647. Versification, Gothic and Romanesque, 629. Villon, French
poet, 169. Vocabulary (English), 41. Voice, mechanism of the, 122. Vowels,
three cardinal, 109, 1 21; elementary, 120; frequency of E, 121; permutation
of vowels, 126.
Wallace, A. R., 497, 660 c. , on the verb 'to be,' 279. Wallachia, 7. Wallachian
language, 592. Watling Street, 18. Watts, Dr., 183. Weak conjugations, 265,
301. declensions, 379. Webster, Noah, 187, 275.
Wedgwood, Josiah, 183. ■ , Hensleigh, 642. Welsh language, 18, 20, 22, 132, 138,
514, 600. versus English, 42. orthography, 115. Wessex, 27. West- Welsh, 648.
Whitby, 25. White, Blanco, 196. Wiclif, 67, 263, 380, 518. Willis, Prof., on
the mechanism of the voice, 122. Wood, H. T. W., 563. Word-painting. 654. Wordsworth,
84, 173, 196, 407, 409, 412, 419, 526, 565, 619,. 626, 651. Writing,
alphabetic, 90, 186. ■ , the art of, 230.
Yankee diction, 375. Yon-strif, 561. Young, Edward, poet, 218.
Zincke, F. Barham, 372, 430.
ERRATA. Page 265, line 23. The references for casten and chode have been
interchanged. » 439' » 25,/or getting r«*rf setting. „ 614, „ 20, for Old
Saxon read Saxon.
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II. INDEX OF SUBJECTS AND AUTHORITIES.
Verb, what, 258. , Person- forms of, 262, 265. , Strong, 261, 266. , Mixed,
287. , Preterpresent, 290, 291. , Weak, 301. , Reflexive, 588. Verb-making,
305. Verse, 647. Versification, Gothic and Romanesque, 629. Villon, French
poet, 169. Vocabulary (English), 41. Voice, mechanism of the, 122. Vowels,
three cardinal, 109, 1 21; elementary, 120; frequency of E, 121; permutation
of vowels, 126.
Wallace, A. R„ 497, 660 c. , on the verb 'to be,' 279. Wallachia, 7. Wallachian
language, 592. Watling Street, 18. Watts, Dr., 183. Weak conjugations, 265,
301. declensions, 379.
Wedgwood, Josiah, 183. ■ , Hensleigh, 642. Welsh language, 18, 20, 22, 132. 138,
514, 600. versus English, 42. orthography, 115.
Webster, Noah, 187, 275.
Wessex, 27, West- Welsh, 648. Whitby, 25. White, Blanco, 196. Wiclif, 67,
263, 380, 518. Willis, Prof., on the mechanism of the voice, 122. Wood, H. T.
W., 563. Word-painting, 654. Wordsworth, 84, 173, 196, 407, 409, 412, 419,
526, 565, 619, 626, 651. Writing, alphabetic, 90, 186. , the art of, 230.
Yankee diction, 375. Yon-strif, 561. Young, Edward, poet, 218.
Zincke, F. Barham, 372, 430.
ERRATA.
Page 265, line 23. The references for casten and chode have been
interchanged. » 439»» 2 5,M gating read setting. „ 614, „ 20, for Old Saxon
read Saxon.
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