kimkat0249e. Geiriadur Cymraeg (Gwenhwyseg)-Saesneg / Welsh (Gwentian dialect) – English Dictionary.

21-11-2017

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Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia La Web de Catalunya i Gal·les Nodiadau ar gyfer Geiriadur Cymraeg (Gwenhwyseg) – Saesneg Notes for a Dictionary of Welsh (Gwentian dialect) and English N - R AR Y GWEILL GENNYM – Y MAE GWALLAU HEB EU CYWIRO UNDER CONSTRUCTION – THERE ARE UNCORRECTED ERRORS Y Llyfr Ymwelwyr / El Llibre de Visitants / The Guestbook: http://pub5.bravenet.com/guestbook/391211408/ Beth sy’n newydd yn y wefan hon? What’s new in this website? Què hi ha de nou en aquesta web?

(delwedd 7282)

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(delwedd 5781)
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The main purpose of this dictionary is to give an approximation of ‘Gwentian’ Welsh (the Welsh of the former counties of Sir Forgannwg / Glamorganshire and Sir Fynwy / Monmouthshire) which might serve to read texts written in the dialect.

Prif amcan y geiriadur hwn yw rhoi fraslun neu amlinelliad o’r Wenhwyseg (Cymraeg hen siroedd Morgannwg and Mynwy) a all fod o fudd wrth ddarllen ysgrifau yn y dafodiaith honno.

Here is a list of material in Gwentian or about Gwentian on this website : Dyma restr o ddeunydd yn y dafodiaith neu sydd yn ymwneud â hi:
kimkat1094e www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_llyfrau-yn-y-wefan-hon_mynegai_0194e.htm

,,,,,

n
Before a following “p” or “b” it becomes “m”.

This occurs too many other languages - in English (Banbury > Bambry), and has occurred in Latin (in + possibilis > impossibilis).

Pen-y-bont > Pen-bont > Pem-bont
Llwynypia > Llwynpia > Llwmpia
Llanypumsaint> Llanpumsaint > Llampimsent (in Sir Gaerfyrddin / Carmarthenshire)

nà [na] clipped forn of dyna = there’s (literally: ‘there you see’)

(Other spellings and forms: na, ‘na)

nàfi [ˡnavɪ] (nm) navvy (= ceibiwr [ˡkəɪbjʊr], (colloquially) nafi [ˡnavɪ])
nàfiz [ˡnavɪz] (pl) (= ceibwyr [ˡkəɪbwɪr], (colloquially) nafis [ˡnavɪs]))

Nant-y-glō [nant ə ˡglo:] (nf) place name (= Nant-y-glo [nant ə ˡglo:]) (‘coal brook, ‘(the) brook (of) the coal’)

Apparently also Nant-glō [nant ˡglo:] (the linking definite article in such names is often lost cf. Glan-y-môr, Glan-môr; Pen-y-cwm, Pen-cwm, etc))

Y Drysorfa, Ionawr 1838, Rhif LXXXV, Llyfr VIII. “Am 10, ye ail ddydd, dechreuwyd gan Mr. John Davies, Dowlais; pregethodd Mr. Evan Evans, Nantglo, oddiwrth Actau 2. 17....”

(delwedd B0411)

nawr [naʊr] (adv) now (= yn nawr [ən ˡaʊr])
From YN AWR (= the hour). YN here is an obsolete form of the definite article (cf “an” in Irish, Scottish, Cornish, Breton).

naws [naʊs] (eb)

1/ (place) atmosphere, ambience, feeling (= naws [naʊs])

2/ negative particle = ddim

3/ ni* + bōd naws gwēll ō... not be any better off for (doing something), be little point in (doing something)
dw̄-ī naws gwēll I’m no better off, it’s no help to me

nè [nɛ] (conj) or (= neu [nəɪ])

nè bi*do or not

(Other spellings: ne)

nēb [ne:b] (pn) nobody (= neb [ne:b])
Also: nēp [ne:p]

nẹcas [ˡne·kas] (nf) message (= neges [ˡne·gɛs])

nẹfi [ne·vɪ] (nf) navy (= llynges [ɬəŋɛs])

neido [ˡnəɪdɔ] (v) jump (= neidio [ˡnəɪdjɔ])

Also nīdo [ˡni·dɔ]

neido ō’r fframpan ī’r tǣn jump from the frying pan into the fire, go from one situation to another just as bad or even worse

neis [nəɪs] (adj) nice, pleasant, agrreable, attractive (= neis [nəɪs]; dymunol [dəˡmi·nɔl]), hyfryd [ˡhəvrid], etc)

From English NICE (= pleasant / adequate < appetising < dainty < shy < foolish) < French NICE (= foolish) < Latin NESCIUS (= not knowing, ignorant) < (NE- negative prefix) + (SCIUS = knowing). Cf Catalan NECI (= stupid), Occitan NECI (= stupid), Castilian NECIO (= stupid), Portuguese NÉSCIO (= stupid).

neno’r... [ˡne·nɔr] (-) in the name of... (used in oaths) (= yn ẹnw’r... [n ˡe·nʊr])
Neno’r annwl! (= yn enw’r annwyl) Good God! (“in the name of the dear [one]”)

nepyn [ˡnɛpɪn] (nm) nap (= amrantun [amˡrantɪn], cyntun [ˡkəntɪn])
cysgu nepyn have a nap (‘sleep (a) nap)
English NAP (= short sleep) + (diminutive suffix -yn); the suffix causes affection of the preceding vowel A > E.
Cf. south-west Wales where the form is napyn without affection.
English (NAP = nap, short sleep) + (vowel affection [a] > [ɛ]) + (suffix -yn)

nêt [ne:t] (adj) splendid (= gwych [gwi:ch])

ārath nêt a fine speech (= araith wych)

From English NEAT (older pronunciation in English: [nɛ:t, ne:t], modern pronunciation [ni:t]).

newydd [ˡnɛuɪd] (v) chnage (= newid [ˡnɛuɪd])

òs newītwch-chī’ch mēddwl if you change your mind

newydd [ˡnɛuɪð] (adj) new (= newydd [ˡnɛuɪð])

nf [nv]

This sequence of consonants is the result of transposition in some words:

trenfi < trefnu (= arrange, organise)

onfi < ofni (= fear, be afraid of)

Llynfell (river name) < Llyfnell (standard Welsh llyfn = smooth)

Llynfi (river name) < Llyfni (standard Welsh llyfn = smooth)

ng In words taken from English ending in -ng in standard English the Welsh form ends simply in -n.

This represents the colloquial English forms of such words.

English heading > headin’ > Welsh hèdin (> Gwentian èdin)

English parting > partin’ > Welsh partin

English pudding > puddin’ > Welsh pẁdin

English standing > standin’ > Welsh standin (= market stall, market stand)

ngwraig [ˡŋwraɪg] (nf) my wife (= fy ngwraig [və ˡŋwraɪg])
Māri ngwraig my wife Mary (‘Mary my wife’)
See gwraig = woman. wife

nīdo [ˡni·dɔ] (v) jump. Se neido [ˡnəɪdɔ])

nillws [ˡnɪɬʊs] > ennill

nimbl [ˡnɪmbəl] (adj) (Englishism) nimble

nīshad boc [ˡni·ʃad ˡbɔk] (nf) handkerchief (= macyn [ˡmakɪn])
nishẹti poc# [nɪˡʃe·tɪ ˡpɔk] (pl) (= macynon [maˡkənɔn])

(Written in standard Welsh as ‘neisied boc’ [ˡnəɪʃad ˡbɔk] = ‘kerchief (of) pocket’ (neisied) + (soft mutation) + (poc = pocket). The word ‘poc’ is from obsolete English ‘POKE (= bag) (but surviving as a fossil in the expression ‘to buy a pig in a poke’ – to buy something sight unseen, to buy without looking at what is being bought to see if it is acceptable or of good quality)

From south-western English – occurs in wills from Somerset around 1500 as ‘nisett’ = ‘a wrap around the neck’.

nīthur [ˡni·θɪr] (v) to do (= gwneud [gwnəɪd], gwneuthur [ˡgwnəɪθɪr]).

GPC: Northern gneud, south-western neud, south-eastern gnithur / nithur.

nītir [ˡni·tɪr] (nf) snake (= neidr [ˡnəɪdɪr])
natradd [ˡnatrað] (pl) (= nadredd [ˡnadrɛð])

north [nɔrθ] (nm) north (= gogledd [ˡgɔglɛð])

y bāchan ō’r north the northman, the northerner

Northman [ˡnɔrθman] (nm) northerner (= man from North Wales) (= Gogleddwr [gɔˡgle·ðʊr])

nw̄ [nu:] (pn) they, them (= hwy [huɪ], nhw [nu:])
As a pronoun tag, it is short nw [nʊ]
mydda-nw [ˡməða nʊ] they say (= meddant hwy [ˡme·ðant huɪ])

nyfath [ˡnəvaθ] (nm) louts, rascals, villains, miscreants, unscrupulous people, scum (= taclau [ˡtaklaɪ])

Origin: According to Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, probably the adjective ANHYFAETH (= rude, ill-mannered) > AN(H)YFAETH > ANYFAETH > ANYFETH > NYFETH) > NYFATH.

ANHYFAETH is (AN- = negative prefix ) + soft mutation + (HYFAETH) > ANHYFAETH (= bad-mannered).

HYFAETH (= well-fed, well-nourished; good-mannered) is (HY- intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (MAETH = food, nourishment; nurture, care)

(delwedd 5784)

Dydd Iau, Mawrth 25ain, gadewais Cilfowyr am Aberteifi. Cerddais trwy Llechryd er mwyn cael golwg ar y wlad. Wrth fyned i mewn i bentref Llechryd croesir afon Teifi, felly gadawn Sir Benfro yn y fan hon, ac awn i fewn i Sir Aberteifi ond wedi cyrhaedd pen uchaf y pentref wrth edrych yn ol tua Chilfowyr, canfyddir golygfeydd o'r fath mwyaf prydferth. Tua hanner y ffordd rhwng Lechryd ac Aberteifi y mae Mynachdy mawr gan y Pabyddion, yr hwn a adnabyddid gynt wrth yr enw ‘Noyadd Wilym,' ond a adnabyddir yn awr wrth yr enw Santa Maria, ac a werthwyd gan Morgan Richardson, mab Canon Richardson. Y mae yn un o'r llanerchau prydferthaf yn Nghymru. Pan yn siarad ag un o'r Mynachod wrth y glwyd teimlwn fy ngwaed yn berwi o eiddigedd wrth feddwl fod y fath balas a'r fath diroedd yn Nghymru yn meddiant nyfath o'r fath. A yw egwyddorion y Pabyddion i ymledu drwy Gymru etto? yn sicr y mae perygl. Cyrhaeddais Aberteifi tua chanol dydd, a chefais bob croesaw gan y Parch Mr Williams a'i deulu caredig. Y mae hanes eglwys Bethania yn wybyddus i ddarllenwyr y SEREN; (Seren Cymru / 23 Ebrill 1909)

Thursday, March 25, I left Cilfowyr for Cardigan. I walked through Llechryd in order to get a view the country. Going into the village of Llechryd one crosses the river Teifi, so we leave Pembrokeshire at this point, and we go into Cardiganshire but on reaching the upper end of the village looking back towards Cilfowyr, one sees scenes of the grestest beauty. About halfway between Llechryd and Cardigan the Catholics have a large Monastery, which was known formerly by the name of 'Noyadd Wilym,' but is now known by the name of Santa Maria, and was sold by Morgan Richardson, the son of Canon Richardson. It is one of the most beautiful spots in Wales. When talking to one of Monks at the gate I felt my blood boiling with envy at the thought that such a palace and such lands in Wales are in the possession of such rascals. Will the principles of the Catholics spread throughout Wales again? the danger certainly exists. I reached Cardigan about noon, and was warmly welcomed (‘and got every welcome’) from the Rev. Mr. Williams and his kind family. The history of Bethania church is known to the readers of Seren Cymru;

(delwedd 5785)

Tarian y Gweithiwr. 2 Mehefin 1898. “Ble i chi wedi bod, Obadia, hyd yr amser hyn yn meddwi ac yn lolan ar hyd tafarne. Odi'ch chi ddim yn meddwl gallech chi dreuloch amser yn well yn y ty yma nag yn nghwmni ryw lorpach segur fel chi'ch hunan. Dir cato ni, odi chi ddim yn meddwl fod f[f]itach gwaith gen i na aros lawr fan hyn rywbryd o'r nos i gadw'r drws yn agor i nyfeth feddw, ddiwaith, shwd ag i chi, ar ie. Pwy sy gyda chi, rywun meddw fel ych hunan, fi gynta.”

Tarian y Gweithiwr (the shield of the workman). 2 June 1898. “Where have you been, Obadia, until now getting drunk and hanging around in alehouses. Don’t you think you could spend your time better in this house instead of in the company of lazy oafs like yourself. God help us, do you think that I haven’t got better things to do than wait down here in the early hours (‘some time of the night’) to keep the door open for drunken out-of-work louts like you eh? Who’s with you, someone drunk like yourself, I bet.”

y nyfath gas the wicked rascals

“y nyfath gâs = the wicked rascals.” Expressions, Proverbial Sayings, Rhymes, &c., collected in Mid-Glamorganshire. Cadrawd (= Thomas Christopher Evans). (1846-1918).
Trafodaethau Urdd y Graddedigion, Prifysgol Cymru. / Transactions of the Guild of Graduates, University of Wales. 1906.
Peculiar Welsh Words, Expressions, Proverbial Sayings, Rhymes, &c., collected in Mid-Glamorganshire.

o [ɔ] occurs in a final syllable instead of [a] in some wrods:

afal > afol (= apple)

angladd > anglodd (= funeral)

ö used in this dictionary in English words used in Gwentian where the English spelling is conserved to indicate that the ‘o’ is in fact a schwa

sö long [sə lɔŋ] so long, goodbye

recömendo [rɛkəˡmɛndɔ] (v) recommend

ō [o:] (prep) of, from

pōb ûn ō nẁ every single one of them, all of them (= pob un ohonynt / pob un ohonynt hwy / pob un ohonyn nhw)

ōcan [ˡo·kan] < hōcan [ˡho·kan] (v)

haggle over a price (= Standard Welsh dadlau (ynghylch pris) [ˡdadlaɪ əˡŋhilx ˡpri:s])

English HAWK (= to peddle) > (HŌC-) + (-AN verbal suffix) > HŌCAN > (loss of initial H) ŌCAN

Ōcwr [ˡo·kʊr]) (nf) river name (= Ogwr [ˡo·gʊr]).
Pem-bont ar Ōcwr = Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (English name: Bridgend - a translation of the short form of the Welsh name i.e. Pen-y-bont).
NOTES: In the south-east b, d, g at the beginning of a final syllable are devoiced to p, t, c.

1/ The village at the estuary of the river Ogwr is Aberogwr (called by the English ‘Ogmore on Sea’). In Gwentian Brōcwr< Berōcwr < Aberōcwr < Aberōgwr. 
2/ Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (‘Bridgend’) is Pen-y-bont ar Ōcwr or Pen-bont ar Ōcwr, Pem-bont ar Ōcwr (though the tag ‘ar Ocwr’ would not be used generally)

òd [ɔd] (adj) odd, strange (= rhyfedd [ˡhrəvɛð], òd [ɔd])
’ēn wlǣd fǣch òd yw Cymru Wales is a strange little country

ōd [o:d] (nm) age (= oed [ɔɪd])
ma i’n ddēg ōd she’s ten years old

ōdd [o:ð] (v) was, were (= oedd [ɔɪð])

ōdd [o:ð] (prep) from (= ō [o:])

Mr. W. Williams odd y Glôg, plwyf Llanwyno, Swydd Forganwg. Mr. W. Williams of Y Glôg, parish of Llanwynno, Glamorganshire. Perllan Gwyno. 1832. Ieuan Ab Gwyno, Llanwyno (= Llanwynno), Gynt O Dòn-Yr-Efail (= o Donyrefail).

Mr. W. Williams from Y Glôg (= the rock), parish of Llanwynno, county of Morgannwg (Glamorganshire). “Orchard of Gwynno”. 1832. Ieuan Ab Gwyno (“John son of Gwynno”), Llanwyno (= Llanwynno), formerly of Tonyrefail).

òff [ɔf] (adv) off (= i ffwrdd [ɪ ˡfʊrð], i bant [ɪ ˡbant])

’mà ī òff! off she goes! (= dyma hī òff)

óffisar [ˡɔfɪsar] (nm) (= swyddog [ˡsuiðɔg])
óffisarz [ˡɔfɪsarz] (= swyddogion [suiˡðɔgjɔn])

(Other forms and spellings: officar, officars, officarz, offisar, offisars, offisarz)

oi [ɔɪ] (interjection) Oy! call to attract attention (= hoi [hɔɪ])

Aitchless form of Welsh hoi.

(delwedd 5774)
Y diweddar Dr. Rees, ABERTAWE. Siop y Seren, 4, Heol Fawr, Abertawe. Hoil Hoi! Hoi! Stoped pawb i ddarllen hwn! DYMA'R Siop am fargen na welodd y byd erioed o'r blaen y fath beth o ddyddiau Adda Jones hyd ddyddiau Jumbo fawr ac Alice! Y mae Mr. P G. Iles, o'r siop uchod, wedi trefnu i roddi cyfle i bawb o bobl y byd i gael darlun ardderchog o'r diweddar anfarwol Dr. Rees, Abertawe, cadeirydd Undeb Cynulleidfaol Cymru a Lloegr, trwy brynu Un Pwys (1lb. omly) o De 2s, 6c. YN Y SIOP UCHOD.

See also Sioni-oi (qv) contemptuous term for a collier

oil [ɔɪl] (nm) oil (= olew [ˡo·lɛʊ])
From English OIL

oitran [ˡɔɪtran] (nm) age (= oedran [ˡɔɪdran])
oidranna [ɔɪˡdrana] (pl) (= oedran [ɔɪˡdranaɪ])
Also oitron [ˡɔɪtrɔn] (final a > o)

w̄ ī'n mynd ar yn oitran nawr I’m getting on a bit now (‘I’m going on my age now’)

(Other spellings: oetran, oetranna, oetrana)

ôl [o:l] (nm) track, trail (= ôl [o:l])

olion [ˡɔljɔn] (pl) (= olion [ˡɔljɔn])

ōl [o:l] (nf) hall (= neuadd [ˡnəɪað])

English HALL > Welsh HÔL > (loss of initial H) > Gwentian ÔL.

ōli [ˡo·lɪ] (v) question, interrogate, ask (= holi [ˡho·lɪ])
ōli ā èla (rw̄un) interrogate (= holi a hela (rhywun))

ō līa [o: lˡi·a] (adv) at least (= o leiaf [o: lˡi·a])
Also ō leia

olréit [ɔlˡrəɪt] (sentence substitute) (= o’r gorau [o:r ˡgo·raɪ])

bðd olréit to be all right
From English ALL RIGHT

oltro [ˡɔltrɔ] (v) alter, change. See altro [ˡatrɔ].

oltwgeddar [ɔltʊˡgɛðar] (adv) altogether (= gyda’i gīlydd [ˡgədai ˡgi·lɪð])
Englishism ALTOGETHER

om bai [ɔmˡbaɪ] (v) if not (for), if it weren’t for (= ōni bai [ˡo·nɪ ˡbaɪ])

ōn [o:n] (nm) lamb (= oen [ɔɪn])

ŵyn [uin] (pl) lambs (= ŵyn [uɪn])

tshopan ō gīg ōn a lamb chop

onfi [ˡɔnvɪ] (v) be afraid, fear (= ofni [ˡɔvnɪ])

wi’n onfi fōd... I’m afraid that...

Metathesis NV > VN. Cf the river names Llynfell (< llyfnfell < llyfn = smooth), Llynfi ( < llyfni). Cf. DDN > NDD, Roddne > Roddna > Rondda (Rhondda)

ongan [ˡɔŋan] (v) hang (= hongian [ˡhɔŋjan])
Also ongad [ˡɔŋad]

yn y gwẹly yn ongan rint byw ā mārw in bed hovering between life and death

onna [ˡɔna] (pronoun f.) that there, that thing there, that person there (= honna [ˡhɔna])

onno [ˡɔnɔ] (pronoun f.) the female or the object of feminine gender mentioned but not present (= honno [ˡhɔnɔ])

ōp [o:p] (nm) hope (= gobaith [ˡgo·baɪθ])

ōps [o:ps] (pl) (= gobeithion [ˡgɔbəɪθjɔn])

English HOPE > Welsh HÔP (> Gwentian ÔP)

Ōrab# [o·rab] (nm) chapel name (= Horeb [ˡho·rɛb])

òs [ɔs] (conj) if (= os [ɔs])
Also with schwa: ỳs [əs]
Also reduced to a single consonant: s [s]
sgalla nw if they can

òs [ɔs] (prep) since (= ers [ɛrs], er ys [ɛr əs])

òs blynydda nôl years ago

òs tà [ɔs ta] (conj) if (= os (mai) [ɔs mai], os (taw) [ɔs tau])
òs tà Cymro yw a if he’s Welsh, if he’s a Welshman (‘if that a-Welshman that-is he’)

otī [ɔˡti:] (= ydy, ydyw [ɔˡdi:])

ots [ɔts] (= gwahaniaeth [gwaˡhanjaɪθ])
1 difference

cf A Glossary Of Provincial Words Used In Herefordshire And Some Of The Adjoining Counties.

Sir George Cornewall Lewis. 1839. To odds (va) to alter

ODDS. vb. To alter. [Common.]

A Glossary of Dialect & Archaic Words Used in the County of Gloucester. Edited by Lord Moreton. 1890.

2 According to Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru p2660, in Ceredigion and South Wales yn ots = different.
Wẹtws ē ddim bȳd yn ots wrthi He didn’t say anything different to her, He said the same thing to her
bōd yn ots ī bawb be different to everybody else, have a contrary opinion to everybody else

mẹddwl yn ots ī (rw̄un) bothti (rw̄path) think differently to (somebody) about (something)

3 According to Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru p2660, in Morgannwg yn ots o = remarkably, extraordinarily.
Mǣ’r bāchan ’co yn ots ō grȳf That fellow over there’s tremendously strong

ōtyn [ˡo·tɪn] (nm) lime kiln (= odyn [ˡo·dɪn]).
In Maes-teg there is a field called Cae Rotin Isaf (representing probably Cǣ’r Ōtyn Isha (= lower lime-kiln field), with ‘cae’ spelt as in standard Welsh).

In Glyntawe there is Cā’r Ōtyn (as ‘Cae yr Otin’)

bysa ’rûn man ī chī gīsho gǣl bw̄ch ī ōtyn

(< Tarian y Gweithiwr: 15-10-1896: byddai yr un man i chwi geiso cael bwch i odyn) you might as well try to get blood from a stone (‘get a he-goat into a kiln’)

oul [ɔɪl] (nm) < houl [hɔɪl] sun (= haul [haɪl])

wilia am bopath dan oul talk about everything under the sun

sǣth yr oul sunbeam

(saeth yr haul: Sunbeams, also reflection from a bright surface. Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October 1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.)

our [ɔɪr] (nm) gold (= aur [aɪr])

tshain our gold chain
(Other spellings: our)

owld on [ould ˡɔn] (phrase) < howld on [hould ˡɔn] (Englishism) hold on = wait (= aros funud [ˡa·rɔs ˡvi·nɪd] = wait a moment)
From English HOLD ON

Y Pant-glǣs [ə pant ˡglɛ:s] (nm) place name (= the green hollow) (= Y Pant-glas [ə pant ˡgla:s])

(delwedd 5961)

papur newydd [ˡpapɪr ˡnɛwɪð] (nm) newspaper (= papur newydd [ˡpapɪr ˡnewɪð])
papra newydd [ˡpapra ˡnɛwɪð] (pl) newpapers (= papurau newydd [ˡpapi·raɪ ˡnewɪð])

partnar [ˡpartnar] (nm) partner (= cyd-weithiwr [ki:d ˡwəiθjʊr]).

partnarz [ˡpartnarz] (pl) (= cyd-weithwyr [ki:d ˡwəiθwɪr]).

W̄ ī ā ’martnar wēti gneid... me and my partner have made...
Also pantnar [ˡpantnar]
From English PARTNER

(Other forms and spellings: martnar, bartnar)

partoians [parˡtɔɪans] (nm) preparation (= paratoad [paraˡto·ad]; standard form of the dialect word is paratoeans [paraˡtɔɪans] – e.g. as a headword in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary)
mà partoians mawr ar gyfar dŵr y môr there’s great preparation afoot for going to the seaside, everyone’s getting ready to go down to the seaside (‘there is great preparation for the water of the sea’)

pātall [ˡpa·taɬ] (nf) pan; knee cap (= padell [ˡpa·dɛɬ])
padelli [pa·ˡdɛɬɪ] (pl) (= padelli [pa·ˡdɛɬɪ])

patsh [paʧ] (nm) patch, place where outcrop ore is mined (= patsh [paʧ])
patshys [ˡpaʧɪs] (pl) (= patshys [ˡpaʧɪs])

clasgu mwyn ar y patshys collect ore on the patches

peco [ˡpɛkɔ] (v) nod (= amneidio [amˡnəɪdjɔ]).

From English BECK (BEC) + (-IO) > BECIO > BECO / PECO.

See GPC.

pelto [ˡpɛltɔ] (v) throw (= taflu [ˡtavlɪ]).

pelto cerrig at... throw stones at...

(delwedd 5877)

Pelt, v. to throw stones at a person; A Glossary of Words and Phrases used in S. E. Worcestershire / Jesse Salisbury / 1893

Pem-bont ar Ōcwr [pɛmˡbɔntarˡo:kʊr] (nf) (= Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr [pɛnəˡbɔntarˡo:gʊr]). English name: Bridgend (a translation of the Welsh name).
Also: Pen-bont ar Ōcwr

pen [pɛn] (nm) 1/ head 2 / head = top end (= pen [pɛn])
penna [ˡpɛna] (pl) (= pennau [ˡpɛnaɪ])

pen dāfad sheep’s head; a dish formerly common in south-east Wales

shà pen ycha'r cwm ’ma at the top end of this valley

Pen-cōd [pɛnˡko:d] (nm) (= Pen-coed [pɛnˡkɔɪd]). Village name < pen y coed (= end / top [of] the wood / forest)

Pencoeca [pɛnˡkɔɪka] (nm) (‘end of the mountain grazing’) (= Penycoetgae [pɛnəˡkɔɪtgaɪ], pen + y + coetgae).
Location near Pont-y-pridd. Erroneously on maps as Penycoedcae.



(delwedd 5515)

Pendarran [pɛnˡdaran] (nm) (= Penydarren [pɛnəˡdarɛn]); near Merthyrtudful.

pendil [ˡpɛndɪl] (nm) clock pendulum (= pendil [ˡpɛndɪl])
pendīla [pɛnˡdi·la] (pl) (= pendiliau [pɛnˡdɪljaɪ])

sŵn pendil y cloc the sound of the clock pendulum

(delwedd 5879)

From English PENDIL, PENDLE = pendulum of a clock

pendraw [ˡpɛndrau] (nm) far end, limit (= standard Welsh pen draw [ˡpɛn ˡdrau], pendraw [ˡpɛndrau])

ym mendraw’r bȳd at the far ends of the earth (‘in the far end of the world’)

pendro [ˡpɛndrɔ] (nf) dizziness, giddiness; madness (= standard Welsh pendro [ˡpɛndrɔ])
mà’r pendro arno i I feel dizzy (‘the dizziness is on me’)
’āla (rw̄un) ar y bendro make giddy, send mad

(PEN = head) + soft mutation + (TRO = a turn, a spin)

Pen-mǣn [pɛn ˡmɛ:n] (nm) place name, Y Coed-duon (Gwentian: Y Cōd-dīn) (= standard Welsh Pen-maen [pɛn ˡmain])

pentra [ˡpɛntra] (v) village (= standard Welsh pentref, pentre [ˡpɛntrɛv, ˡpɛntrɛ])
pentrefi [pɛnˡtre·vɪ] (pl) (= pentrefi [pɛnˡtre·vɪ])
Y Pentra old name for Merthyrtudful used in the villages surrounding the town
yn y pentra ’yn here in the village (= ‘in this village’)

pēth [pe:θ] (nm) thing (= standard Welsh peth [pe:θ])
pẹthach [ˡpe·θax] (pl) things [ˡpe·θaɪ]

pẹthach ẹrill other things

pīa [ˡpi·a] (verb) have ownership of, own (= standard Welsh piau [ˡpiaɪ])

nw̄ ōdd pīa-nẁ it was they who owned them, they belonged to THEM

(Other possible forms and spellings: pua, pie, pue; bia, bua, bie, bue)

pīna [ˡpi·na] (conj) whether (= ai [aɪ])
= PA UN AI (‘which one whether’)

à dðs dim ots pīna òs fôt gyta nw̄ nè bīdo and it makes no difference whether they have a vote or not

(Y Celt 14-09-1894: a dos dim otts puna os fôt gyda nhwy ne beidio; ffurf o’r de-orllewin wedi ei haddasu gennym)

pìco [ˡpɪkɔ] (v) pick, choose (= dewis [ˡdeuɪs])

From English PICK (PIC-) + (verbal suffix -IO) > PICIO (> PICO)

1 pīco [ˡpi·kɔ] (v) 1/ prick, pierce (= pigo [ˡpi·gɔ]); 2/ sting, feel as though being stung (= pigo [ˡpi·gɔ]) 3/ spot = rain a little, rain isolated drops. Also pīcach, pīcach bw̄rw, p*can (= bwrw glaw yn ysgafn [ˡbu·rʊ glau ən əˡsgavn])

Origin: (PĪG = point, thorn) + (-O verb suffix) > PĪGO (> Gwentian PĪCO)

(Other forms and spellings: pico, picach, pican, peeco; bico, bicach, bican, beeco; phico, phicach, phican, pheeco)

2 pīco [ˡpi·kɔ] (v) 1/ pick (= pigo [ˡpi·gɔ])

pīco lan (iaith) pick up (a language)

Origin: English PICK [pik] > Welsh PIG [pi:g] + (-O verb suffix) > PĪGO (> Gwentian PĪCO)

(Other forms and spellings: pico, picach, pican, peeco; bico, bicach, bican, beeco; phico, phicach, phican, pheeco)

pīcach [ˡpi·kax] (v) spot with rain (= pigo bwrw [ˡpi·gɔ ˡbu·rʊ])

Also pican [ˡpi·kan], pica [ˡpi·ka]

(PIG = point, thorn) + (-ACH verb suffix) > PIGACH (> Gwentian PĪCACH)

picshar [ˡpɪkʃar] (nm) picture (= llun [ɬi:n])

Ì gitchws Dai miwn pẹtar picshar card Dai picked up four picture cards.

(Ni’n Doi. 1918. Tudalen / page 54: I gitchws Dai miwn petar pickshar card.).

From the English form PICKSHER [ˡpɪkʃə(r)] (= picture); this is widespread e.g. Norfolk, England; Cornwall; and in the USA.

(Other forms in English: pickshuh, picshuh, picsher)

pictwr [ˡpɪktʊr] (nm) picture (= llun [ɬi:n], pictiwr [ˡpɪktjʊr])

pictwrs [ˡpɪktʊrs] (= lluniau [ˡɬɪnjaɪ], pictiwrs [ˡpɪktjʊrs])

pishyn [ˡpɪʃɪn] (nm) 1/ piece (= darn [darn]) 2/ piece = coin

pishys [ˡpɪʃɪs] (= darnau [ˡdarnaɪ])

bōd yn bishyn ō ffordd ō be quite a long way from

(Other spellings: pisyn, pisin, pisys, pishis)

(delwedd 0413)

pīto [ˡpi·tɔ] (v) cease, desist, stop (= peidio [ˡpəɪdjɔ])
Also peito

pitsh [pɪʧ] (nm) 1/ size, amount 2/ slope; gradient in a road
dȳn ō’r ūn pitsh â finna a man of my size (Morgannwg, yn ôl GPC)
(dȳn) ō’r ūn pitsh ō ran oitran a man of the same age (Morgannwg, yn ôl GPC)
From English PITCH

(Herefordshire dialect) Pitch: hill, usually in relation to a road
Hereford Times / 12 December 2015 / http://www.herefordtimes.com/news/14140019.55_long_lost_Herefordshire_sayings_and_words/

A Glossary Of Provincial Words Used In Herefordshire And Some Of The Adjoining Counties.

Sir George Cornewall Lewis. 1839. Pitch: a steep hill, generally on a road

piwr [pɪur] (adj) 1/ pure (= pur [pi:r]) 2/ fine, excellent

lot piwr ō’i dylwth very many of his family

cw̄pwl piwr quite a few

bāchan piwr a splendid fellow, a really nice person

bōd yn biwr iawn ī be very kind to, be very good to

-Shẁd ī chī ẹddī? -Piwr digynnig -How are you today? -Excellent /really good

plǣs [plɛ:s] (nm) manor house, mansion

Plǣsifor [plɛ:s ˡi·vɔr] place near Y Fenni / Abergavenny (= Plasifor [pla:s ˡi·vɔr])

The Gwentian pronunciation [plɛ:s] is suggested in a document from 1704 in the Badminton Estate Records, which refers to the ‘Estate of William Prichard, gent., knowne By The Name of Place Euor Lands & The Pulch ...’, (i.e. Y Pwll)

plain [plaɪn] (adj) plain, clear, evident (= eglur [ˡɛglɪr]), amlwg [ˡamlʊg])

planco [ˡplaŋko] (v) 1/ to plank, to put down planks or boards, (= estyllu [ɛˡstəɬɪ]); 2/ put (= rhoi) [hrɔɪ])

planco lawr (ī rw̄un) (rw̄path) pay (somebody something), pay (something) to (somebody)

plan [plan] (nm) plan (= cynllun [ˡkənɬɪn])

planz [planz] (= cynlluniau [kənˡɬɪnjaɪ])

plocyn [ˡplɔkɪn] plocyn block; block of wood (= blocyn [ˡblɔkɪn])
bod fel plocyn be a plonker, be a daft idiot (Source: GPC)

From English BLOCK (+ diminutive suffix -YN), BLOCYN > PLOCYN (change of initial B > P, more usual with feminine nouns which are words of English origin e.g. in standard Welsh, English BOTTLE > POTEL, and northern Welsh BUCKET > (PWCED >) PWCAD.

Cf a similar change in English: Medieval Latin BURSA (= leather purse) > Old English PURSA (modern English PURSE), though this might be from the influence of Old English PUSA (= bag) and / or Old Norse POSI (= bag).

Also English PUDDIN(G) < Old French BOUDIN (= SAUSAGE) < Vulgar Latin *BOTELLINUS < Latin BOTELLUS (= sausage); but as B > P is unusual in English, it might be directly from a Germanic source that has given English dialectal POD (= belly).

pōbin [ˡpo·bɪn] (pn) everybody (= pobun [ˡpo·bɪn]) (= pōb ūn, every + one)

pōbol [ˡpo·bɔl] (pn) everybody (= pobun [ˡpo·bɪn]) (= pōb ūn, every + one)

pocad [ˡpɔkad] (nf) pocket (= poced [ˡpɔkɛd])
pocẹti [pɔˡke·tɪ] (pl) (= pocedau, pocedi [pɔˡke·daɪ, pɔˡke·dɪ])
yn ī bocad a in his pocket

From English POCKET

pomshop [ˡpɔmʃɔp] (nf) pawnshop (= siop wystlo [ʃɔp ˡuɪstltɔ]; ponsiop [ˡpɔnʃɔp]; y pôn [ə ˡpo:n])
From English PAWNSHOP

pompran [ˡpɔmpran] (nf) footbridge (= pompren [ˡpɔmprɛn])

pompran yr ysgwydd collar-bone

(PONT = bridge) + soft mutation + (PREN = tree, piece of timber) > PONTBREN (= ‘bridge tree’, tree trunk used as a bridge) (> PONTPREN > PONPREN) > POMPREN (> Gwentian POMPRAN)

Pom-prīdd [pɔmˡpri:ð] (nf) town name (= Pont-y-pridd [pɔnt ə ˡpri:ð]; Pont-y-tŷ-pridd [pɔnt ə ti: ˡpri:ð])
Also spelt as Pon-prīdd (i.e. found in dialect writing as Ponpridd)
ym Mom-prīdd in Pont-y-pridd

pōn [po:n) (nm) pain (= poen [pɔɪn])
poena [ˡpɔɪna]) (pl) (= poenau [ˡpɔɪnaɪ])

poeni [ˡpɔɪnɪ] (v) worry (= poeni [ˡpɔɪnɪ])

pont [pɔnt] (nf) bridge (= pont [pɔnt])
pontydd (pl) [ˡpɔntɪð] (pl) (= pontydd [ˡpɔntɪð]
ar bont y cnel on the canal bridge

See pompran (= footbridge)

Latin > PONS, PONT- > British (until c600) PONT > Welsh PONT

popath [ˡpɔpaθ] (pn) everything (= popeth [ˡpɔpɛθ])
gw̄pod popath know everything
Also popith [ˡpɔpɪθ]

pōpi [ˡpo·pɪ] (v) bake (= pobi [ˡpo·bɪ])

poplan [ˡpɔplan] (nf) 1/ pebble (= poblen [ˡpɔblɛn]) 2/ cobble (= cobl [ˡko·bɔl])

popls (= poblenni [pɔˡblɛnɪ]) (= coblau [ˡkɔblaɪ])

popo [ˡpɔpɔ] (v) 1/ pop = making a ‘pop’ noise (= popio [ˡpɔpjɔ]); 2/ come or go quickly (= mynd [mɪnd] = go, dod [do:d] = come); 3/ move quickly (= symud [ˡsəmɪd])

popo lan pop up

popo mǣs pop out (= go and come back quckly to the house)

English POP (POP) + (-IO verb suffix) > POPIO (> Gwentian POPO)

pōpol (nf) people (= pobl, pobol)

Latin POPULUS > POP’LUS > British (until c600) POPL- > Welsh POBL (> Gwentian PŌBOL)

pōr (nm?) [po:r] grass (= porfa)

pōr y cyrff churchyard grass (in Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref 1908 / 3 October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.)

porfyn [ˡpɔrvɪn] (nm) blade of grass (= gwelltyn [ˡgwɛɬtɪn])

porfyn - a grass, singular of porfa (in Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref 1908 / 3 October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.)

Cf South-west Wales porfaddyn (= blade of glass).

posib [ˡpɔsib] (adj) possible (= posibl [ˡpɔsib])

sà ynny’n bosib if that were possible

potan [ˡpɔtan] (nf) big belly, pot belly (= cest [ˡkɛst])
potenni [pɔˡtɛnɪ] (pl) (= cestiau [ˡkɛstjaɪ])

pōth [po:θ] (adj) hot (= poeth [pɔɪθ])

poethach [ˡpoɪθax] hotter (= poethach [ˡpoɪθax])

poetha [ˡpoɪθa] hottest (= poethaf [ˡpoɪθav])

pan ōdd y frwydyr ar ī phoetha when the battle was at its height, was most intense (‘at its hottest’)

potsh [ˡpɔtʃ] (nm) 1/ ‘potch’, swede and potatoes, or similar dishes (= stwnsh [stʊnʃ]) 2/ a mess (= llanastr [ˡɬanastr, ˡɬanast]).

pȳs potsh mushy peas (GPC)

potsh ā grāfi potch and gravy

From the stem of the verb POTSHO (= potter about; make a mess).

potshan [ˡpɔtʃan] (v) poach (= herwhela [he·rʊˡhɛla] ‘outlaw-hunting’)

From English POACH < Middle French POCHER (= to poke, thrust (esp. poke somebody in the eye)) (in modern French in the expression POCHER L'ŒIL (À QUELQU’UN)).

The French word is from a Germanic word meaning ‘beat, knock’.

The Germanic rootword has given ‘to poke’ in English. It seems that the meaning of ’pocher’ was extended to mean ‘intrude or trespass on another’s land in order to kill game.’

potsho [ˡpɔtʃɔ] (v) 1/ muck around, mess about. In the English dialect of south-east Wales as ‘potch’ (= mess about) (= segura [sɛˡgi·ra]). 2/ make a mess

Also potshan.
Apparently from English ‘TO BOTCH’ (vt) (= carry out a task clumsily). For the change B > P, compare PLOCYN (from English BLOCK).The change is usually seen in nouns of feminine gender, but here is can be explained as the initial ‘b’ being understood as a soft mutation of a radical ‘p’ (e.g. English BOTTLE > Welsh POTEL)

powdwr [ˡpoudʊr] (nm) powder (= powdr [ˡpoudʊr])

pownd [pound] (v) 1/ pond (= pwll [pʊɬ]) 2 / pownd, fold, enclosure for animals (= corlan [ˡkɔrlan])

Also pown [poun]

From English POUND (= pond; animal enclosure)

A Glossary Of Provincial Words Used In Herefordshire And Some Of The Adjoining Counties.

Sir George Cornewall Lewis. 1839. Poynd (Gloucestershire): a pond, particularly a mill-pond.

practis [ˡpraktɪs] (nm) practice (= arfer [ˡarvɛr])

pretydd [ˡpreˑtɪð] (nm) predyddion [prɛˡdəðjɔn]

1/ poet

Though not the highest, it is more talked of and gazed at more than any of its neighbours, by reason of its towering bearing. It has charmed the bards, and a local "pretydd," Twm Hywal Llewelyn, has aptly described it thus:

"Penpych! gwych yw'r fan
Sy'n dirwyn rhwng dwy darran."
Rhondda Leader. 17 Ebrill 1909. Welsh Topics. Rhondda Place-Names. Penpych.

(= Pen-py7ch! splendid is the peak that rises up (lit. turn, coil up, twine, weave) between two [rocky] slopes)

See alos pyrtydd

pren [prɛn] (nm) wood (= pren [prɛn]).
cōs bren a wooden leg
dȳn ōdd ā chōs bren a man who had a wooden leg

presant [ˡprɛsant] (nm) present (= anrheg [ˡanhrɛg])
From English PRESENT

prīd [pri:d] (adj) expensive, dear (= drud [dri:d], prid [pri:d])

Welsh < British < Celtic < IE. The verb prynu (= to buy) (Gwentian: also pyrni) is based on ‘prid’.

prifio [ˡprɪvjɔ] (v) fatten (= prifio [ˡprɪvjɔ] = thrive, grow well, flourish; tewychu [tɛuˡəxɪ] = fatten; grow fat)

Prifio - To fatten. Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.

Prifio ar gelwydd - To grow fat on lies, said of an idle fat gossip. Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.

pring [prɪŋ] (adj) lacking, short (= prìn [prɪn])

bðd yn bring ō fwyd be short of food

priōti [prɪˡo·tɪ] (v) get married (= priodi [prɪˡo·dɪ])

prīsh [pri:ʃ] (nm) price (= pris [pri:s])
prisha [ˡprɪʃa] (pl) prices (= prisiau [ˡprɪsjaɪ])

Prosar [ˡprɔsar] (nm) surname (= ab Rhoser, son of Roger) (= Proser [ˡprɔsɛr]). English spelling ‘Prosser’.

(AB RHOSER > AP RHOSER > AP ROSER > PROSER > Gwentian PROSAR)

Also as Projar.

prȳd [pri:d] (nm) 1/ time 2/ meal (= pryd [pri:d])
mà’n llawn brȳd ì ti* (it’s high time that you...)

prȳd āros packed meal

cǣl prȳd ō dāfod get told off (‘get [a] meal [of] tongue’)

ar y prȳd 1/ at the time, at that time mentioned 2/ extempore, there and then, off the cuff

yn ì brȳd a’ì amsar# in due course, when the time comes

prȳd [pri:d] (conj) when (= pan [pan], pryd [pri:d])

pryfeta [prəˡvɛta] (v) hunt hares (= hela ysgyfarnogod [ˡhe·la əsgəvarˡno·gɔd]).
NOTES: (pryfed = hares) + (-a, suffix to form a verb indicating hunting, collecting, gathering together). 

In the South pryf no longer exists in the sense of hare, but in the north-west, pryf mawr is still a name for the hare. 

In standard Welsh, pryf (or pryfyn), plural pryfed (also pryfetach) is nowadays ‘insect’. 
(Source: GYA)

prysur [ˡprəsɪr] (adj) busy (= prysur [ˡprəsɪr]).
ō brysur indeed, really, seriously, in truth, in all truth (= o ddifrif [o: ˡðɪvrɪv])

mẹdda Twm yn brysur said Twm in all seriousness
NOTE: GPC 2925: Ar lafar yn y De. 

Odī, ō brysur, mà’r pēth wī’n wēd yn w̄ir
(= yes, honestly / really, what I’m saying is true)

pw̄ar [ˡpu·ar] (nm) great quantity (= nifer sylweddol [ˡni·vɛr sɪlˡwe·ðɔ])

Cf English dialects: A Glossary Of Provincial Words Used In Herefordshire And Some Of The Adjoining Counties.

Sir George Cornewall Lewis. 1839. Power. A quantity.

English POWER > Welsh POWER > PW^ER > PW^AR (Cf Hywel > Howel > Hw^el > Hw^al)

pw̄dwr [ˡpu·dʊr] (adj) lazy (= pwdr [ˡpu·dʊr] = rotten)

pẁff [pʊf] (nm) 1/ puff 2/ breath 3/ life 4/ (adj) out of breath
bōd yn bẁff be out of breath
yn y mẁff in my puff, in all my life
bōd mǣs ō bẁff be out of breath
pẁff ō fw̄g a puff of smoke

pẁffo [ˡpʊfɔ] (v) puff (= breathe with short breaths) (= pwffian [ˡpʊfjan], chwythu [ˡxwəθɪ])

pwllfa [ˡpʊɬva] (nf) pit, hollow, gorge; source of a river; pond, pool (= pyllfa [ˡpəɬva]). Found in place names.
1/ (Rhondda)

Y Bwllfa name of a farm between Tonpentre and Cwmclydach, Rhondda SS9794
Mynydd y Bwllfa (‘upland of / hillside grazing of Y Bwllfa farm’) SS9693
Tarran y Bwllfa (‘rocky slope by Y Bwllfa farm’) SS9693

2/ (Cwm Dâr, Aber-dâr)
Bwllfa Fōl, Cwm Dâr SN9602 (= y pyllfa foel) (?bare hill by the Bwllfa farm)
Y Bwllfa, Cwm Dàr SN9792 (Pwllfa Dâr)
Craig y Bwllfa, Cwm Dàr SN9602
Tarran y Bwllfa, Cwm Dàr SN9601
Mynydd y Bwllfa (‘upland of / hillside grazing of Y Bwllfa farm’) SN9502

3/ (Brycheiniog)
Cwm y Bwllfa (near Y Gelligandryll / Hay on Wye) SO2245

4/ Craigybyllfa, Glyncorrwg (GPC)

5/between Pontarddulais and Pontardawe
Y Bwllfa Isha (previously Y Bwlchfa-ddu) SN6605

pwnio [ˡpʊnjɔ] (v) 1/ beat, hit (= curo [ˡki·rɔ]); 2/ pwnio’n ga·lad work hard

From Middle English POUNE [pu:n] = to pound, hit, strike, < Old English PUNIAN = beat, bruise.

The modern English form has an intrusive ‘D’ since the 1500s [pu:n > pu:nd > paund].

Compare Welsh SŴN [su:n] from Middle English SOUN [su:n] < French SON < Latin SONUS (= sound, noise).

The Welsh form conserves the Middle English form of the word, which in modern English also has an intrusive ‘d’ [su:n > su:nd > saund].

pwnc [pʊŋk] (nm) pwnca# [ˡpʊŋka] (pl)

subject, theme (= standard Welsh pwnc [pʊŋk], pynciau [ˡpəŋkjaɪ]))

pwnc clẹpar a talking point, a subject of discussion

(Other forms and spellings: bwnca, phwnca, pynca, phynca, bynca)

pwnco [ˡpʊŋkɔ] (v) 1/ chant, sing, recite (= pyncio [ˡpəŋkjɔ])

pwnco gair shà start a conversation with

(PWNC = subject) + (-IO verbal suffix) > PYNCIO (> Gwentian PWNCO)

pw̄r dàb [ˡpu:r ˡdab]

1 in the expression pw̄r-dàb (qv) poor thing, poor creature, poor fellow, poor woman, poor boy, poor girl (expression of pity towards a person). In frequent use in present-day Cambrian English (South Wales): ‘poor dab’.

A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady:

to which is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837:

DAB, s[ubstantive]. a chit, an insignificant person, a proficient in any feat or exercise: also a slight blow

South-western English POOR DAB > (South-eastern Cambrian-English POOR DAB) > Welsh pw̄r dàb.

pwt [pʊt] (v) 1/ nudge (with elbow, or foot), 2/ push, thrust, poke (= gwthio [ˡgʊθjɔ], procio [ˡprɔkjɔ])

roi pwt i give (sombody) a nudge, nudge (somebody)

roi pwt i drōd (rw̄un) nudge somebody’s foot

From English PUTT = push, shove, thrust (unless derived from the verb PWTO, rather than a direct English loan).

pw̄ti [ˡpu·tɪ] (v) sulk (= pwdu [ˡpu·dɪ])

pwto [ˡpʊtɔ] (v) push, thrust, poke (= gwthio [ˡgʊθjɔ], procio [ˡprɔkjɔ])

From English TO PUTT = push, shove, thrust; same as PUT = to place.

pwy [puɪ] (personal pronoun) who (= pwy [puɪ])

pyllfa [ˡpəɬva] (nf) pȳs (= pyllfa [ˡpəɬva]). See pwllfa

pyrgethu [pərˡge·θɪ] (adj) busy (= prygethu [prəˡge·θɪ])

From prygethu [prəˡge·θɪ]; with metathesis (PR + vowel) > (P + vowel + R).

Cf pyrnu / prynu (= to buy), cyrnu / crynu (= to tremble)

pyrnu [ˡpərnɪ] (v) by (= prynu [ˡprənɪ]).

From prynu, with metathesis (PR + vowel) > (P + vowel + R).

pyrtydd [ˡpərtɪð] (nm) poet (= prydydd [ˡprədɪð], PLURAL: prydyddion [prəˡdəðjən])

(Llith y Tramp, Y Darian. 13 Mawrth 1919), See also pretydd.

From prydydd, with metathesis (PR + vowel) > (P + vowel + R).

pysan [ˡpəsan] (nf) pȳs (= pysen [ˡpəsɛn])

pȳs [ˡpi:s] peas (= pys [ˡpi:s])

pȳs mẹlyn [ˡpi:s ˡme·lɪn] split peas (= pys hollt [ˡpi:s ‘hɔɬt]

pȳs ā ffāgots peas and faggots

pythewnos [pəˡθɛʊnɔs] (nm) fortnight, two weeks (= pythefnos [pəˡθɛvnɔs])

y bythewnos dwetha mà this last fortnight, over the last two weeks

r loss of r:

partnar > patnar

Sādwrn > Sātwrn > Sātwn

Ryddach [ˡrəðax] (nm) forename and surname (= Rhydderch [ˡhrəðɛrx])

Edwat

rāff [ra:f] > rǣff [rɛ:f]

rǣff [rɛ:f] (nm) rope (= rhaff [hra:f])
rāffa [ˡra·fa] (pl) ropes (= rhaffau [ˡhra·faɪ])

rai [raɪ] (pn) some (= rhai [hraɪ])

raid [raɪd] (nm) necessity (= rhaid [hraɪd])

ran [ran] (nf) part (= rhan [hran])

ran fwya [ran ˡvuia] (adv) for the most part (= rhan fwyaf [hran ˡvuiav])

Sīson ōdd yn byw ’no, ran fwya it was mostly English people living there

rantad [ˡrantad] (nm) instant. See amrantad

reci [ˡre·kɪ] (v) swear, cursa (= rhegu [ˡre·gɪ]).

recömendo [rɛkəˡmɛndɔ] (v) recommend (= cymeradwyo [kəmɛraˡduiɔ])
(The diaeresis we use here in English loanwords to indicate that the vowel is to be pronounced as an obscure vowel or schwa; the vowel of the original English spelling is kept so that the word is recognisable)

reit [ˡrəɪt] (adj) 1/ right = not mistaken (= iawn [jaun]); 2/ right in the head (= call [ka:ɬ]);
bðd yn reit be right, not be mistaken

falla fðd-à’n reit maybe he’s right

ORIGIN: English RIGHT

reitô [rəɪtˡo:] (exclamation) 1 righto, right-ho; indicates agreement to a suggestion (= o’r gorau [ōr ˡgo·raɪ])

(GPC: reitô)

régilar [ˡrɛgɪlar] (adj) regular (= rheolaidd [hrɛˡolaɪð])
yn régilar (adverb) regularly
ORIGIN: English REGULAR

rialtwch [riˡaltʊx] (nm) revelry, merry-making (= rhialtwch [ˡhriˡaltʊx])

rīpan [ˡri·pan] (nm) ribbon (= rhuban [ˡhri·ban])
ripāna [rɪˡpa·na] (pl) (= rhubanau [hrɪˡba·naɪ])

ripórt [rɪˡpɔrt] (nm) report (= adroddiad [aˡdrɔð hri·ban])

risgo [ˡrɪsgɔ] (v) risk, put in danger (= peryglu [pɛˡrəglɪ], risgio [ˡrɪsgjɔ])

riw [rɪu] (nf) 1/ slope 2/ steep road (= rhiw [hriu]

Y Riw (In Y Coed-duon / Blackwood) ‘a 1 in 4 road through the bottom of the valley known locally as the Rhiw’.

(delwedd 5952)

rōd [ro:d] (mf) wheel (= rhod [ˡhro:d])

IE *ROT- (= wheel) > Celtic > British > Welsh .RHOD. Cognate with Latin RŌTA (= wheel), and in Germanic German DAS RAD (= wheel)

rodio [ˡrɔdjɔ] (v) 1/ wander, roam, walk around 2/ go on a trip 3/ visit (= rhodio [[ˡhrɔdjɔ])
(RHOD = wheel) + (-IO verbal suffix) > RHODIO (> Gwentian RODIO)


rōg [ro:g] (nm) rogue (= dihiryn [dɪˡhi·rɪn])
From English ROGUE

ronc [rɔŋk] (adv) out-and-out, thoroughgoing (= rhonc [hrɔŋk])
mà-fà’n ditōtal ronc he’s an out-and-out teetotaller
From English RONK, from RANK

rong [rɔŋ] (adj) wrong (= anghywir [aŋˡhəwɪr] (= incorrect), ō’ch lle [o:x ɬe:] (= out of your place)
This Englishism is common in colloquial Welsh all over Wales. The standard forms are anghywir (= incorrect), o’i le (= out if its place)
mà ūn ō nw̄’n rong (mae un ohonyn nhw’n rong, mae un ohonynt yn anghywir) = one of them is wrong
yn y llē rong = in the wrong place
From English WRONG

row [rou] (nf) 1/ row, argument (= ffrae [fraɪ]) 2/ reprimand, telling-off (= cerydd [ˡke·rɪð])
rowz [rouz] (= ffraeau [ˡfrəɪaɪ], ceryddon [kɛˡrəðɔn])

cātw row to start an argument, to argue, to row

rownd [rɔʊnd] (nf) round (= cylchdaith [ˡkəlxdaɪθ] ‘circle-journey’)
rowndz [rɔʊndz] (= cylchdeithiau [kəlxˡdəɪθjaɪ])

Also: rown’ [rɔʊn]

troi rown’ turn round

rownd abównt [rɔʊnd əˡbount] (adv) continually, all the time, non-stop

From English dialect ROUND ABOUT (= continually)

Rȳt-a*log [rɪˡta·lɔg] (nf) (place name ST0279) Community forming part of Pont-y-clun. On the Ordnance Survey map as Rhydhalog. (= Rhydhalog [ˡhrɪʊbɛθ])

Mentioned in the will of John Price Meyrick of Talygarn dated 13

May 1617 as Ryd Halock.

The Marcher Lordship of Talygarn. J. Barry Davies Llantrisant and District Local History Society

Meisgyn and Glynrhondda

Volume I No.4, March 2001

http://talygarn.co.uk/onewebmedia/M&G_Vol_I_No_4.pdf

n

From Rhyd Halog (= dirty / muddy ford). The ‘t’ of Rutalog might be the result of provection D > T, a typical feature of Gwentian at the commencement of the penultimate syllable. However, it is more likely a devoicing caused by the following ‘h’ as there are places called Rhytalog (= Rhyd Halog) in other parts of Wales e.g. Sir y Fflint; Ceredigion.

rwbij [ˡrʊbɪʤ] (nm) rubbish (= ysbwriel [əˡsbʊrjɛl])

Also: rwbitsh, rwbej, rwbetsh, rwbish.

rw̄la [ˡru·la] (adv) somewhere (= rhywle [ˡhrɪʊlɛ])

rw̄path [ˡru·paθ] (pn) something (= rhywbeth [ˡhrɪʊbɛθ])

Rwsha [ˡrʊʃa] (nf) Russia (= Rwsia [ˡrʊʃa])

Ryddach [ˡrəðax] (nm) forename and surname (= Rhydderch [ˡhrəðɛrx])

Rȳd-y-mǣn [ˡri:d ə ˡmɛ:n] (nf) place name (= Rhyd-y-maen [ˡhri:d ə ˡmain])

(delwedd 5957)

ryfadd [ˡrəvað] (adj) strange, odd (= rhyfedd [ˡhrəvɛð])

ryfẹddach [rəˡve·ðax] stranger, odder (= rhyfeddach [hrəˡve·ðax])

ryfẹdda [rəˡve·ða] strangest, odderçst (= rhyfeddaf [hrəˡve·ðav])

ryfal [ˡrəval] (nm) war (= rhyfel [ˡrəvɛl])
ryfẹlodd [rəˡve·lɔð] (pl) (= rhyfeloedd [rəˡve·lɔɪð])

rÿn [rən] (nf) run (= rhedfa [ˡhrɛdva])

mynd am rÿn fǣch go for a quick run

Rȳs [ri:s] (nm) forename, surname (= Rhys [hri:s]); anglicised as Rees, Rice)

(Rhys / Rys borrowed into English before the change [i:]> [aɪ] took place in English c. 1500 became [raɪs] spelt Rice)

rytag [ˡrətag] (v) run (= rhedeg [ˡhre·dɛg])

rytag ar speak badly of (sb), run (sb) down

.....

Sumbolau:


a A / æ Æ / e E / ɛ Ɛ / i I / o O / u U / w W / y Y /
MACRON: ā Ā / ǣ Ǣ / ē Ē / ɛ̄ Ɛ̄ / ī Ī / ō Ō / ū Ū / w̄ W̄ / ȳ Ȳ /


MACRON + ACEN DDYRCHAFEDIG: ..... , Ḗ ḗ, Ī́ ī́ , Ṓ ṓ , Ū́ ū́, (w), Ȳ́ ȳ́
MACRON + ACEN DDISGYNEDIG: Ā̀ ā̀, Ḕ ḕ, Ī̀ ī̀, Ṑ ṑ, Ū̀ ū̀, (w), Ȳ̀ ȳ̀
MACRON ISOD: A̱ a̱ , E̱ e̱ , I̱ i̱ , O̱ o̱, U̱ u̱, (w), Y̱ y̱
MACRON + DIDOLNOD Ǟ ǟ Ǟ ǟ yn lle Æ æ : y glymlythyren Ladin AE
BREF: ă Ă / ĕ Ĕ / ĭ Ĭ / ŏ Ŏ / ŭ Ŭ / B5236: B5237:
BREF GWRTHDRO ISOD: i̯, u̯
CROMFACHAU: ⟨ ⟩ deiamwnt

ˡ ɑ ɑˑ aˑ a: / æ æ: / e eˑe: / ɛ ɛ: / ɪ iˑ i: / ɔ oˑ o: / ʊ uˑ u: / ə / ʌ /
ẅ Ẅ / ẃ Ẃ / ẁ Ẁ / ŵ Ŵ /
ŷ Ŷ / ỳ Ỳ / ý Ý / ɥ
ˡ ð ɬ ŋ ʃ ʧ θ ʒ ʤ / aɪ ɔɪ əɪ uɪ ɪʊ aʊ ɛʊ ɔʊ əʊ / £
ә ʌ ẃ ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ ẅ ẃ ẁ Ẁ ŵ ŷ ỳ Ỳ
Hungarumlaut: A̋ a̋

U+1EA0 Ạ   U+1EA1 ạ
U+1EB8 Ẹ   U+1EB9 ẹ
U+1ECA Ị   U+1ECB ị
U+1ECC Ọ   U+1ECD ọ
U+1EE4 Ụ   U+1EE5 ụ
U+1E88 Ẉ   U+1E89 ẉ
U+1EF4 Ỵ   U+1EF5 ỵ

gyn aith δ δ
wikipedia, scriptsource. org

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