kimkat0241e Geiriadur Cymraeg (Gwenhwyseg)-Saesneg /
Welsh (Gwentian dialect) – English Dictionary.
01-09-2020
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Here is a list of material in Gwentian or about Gwentian
on this website : Dyma restr o ddeunydd
yn y dafodiaith neu sydd yn ymwneud â hi:
kimkat1094e www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_llyfrau-yn-y-wefan-hon_mynegai_0194e.htm
.....
s [s] (conj) reduction of òs, ÿs (= if)
s
galla-nw if they can
s [s] (verb) as an initial consonant a
reduction of
1/ nìd
oes / does / dōs
sfawr
ō... there are not many...
(also spelt sfowr)
snēb there’s nobody...
sdim there isn’t any...
2/ In certain place names
(colloquial forms generally, but sometimes official forms which are original
colloquial forms) the s represents
the final consonant of a lost first element ynys (= island; meadow).
Sometimes the first y of ynys has become a definite article in
the reduced name
(delwedd 7402c)
..1/ Cwm-ynys-gou / Cwm-ynys-gau, ST2899 in
the county of Torfaen (cwm = valley,
cou / cau = hollow) ("(the)
valley (of the) hollow meadow (meadow with a dip”) Spoken form: Cwm-sgou
Misspelt as Cwmynyscoy on the Ordnance Survey map
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/836526
..2/ Ynysforgan SS6799 (“(the) meadow (of) Morgan = man’s name”)
(county of Abertawe); spoken form Sforgan
<SVOR-gan>
[ˡsvɔrgan]
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS6799
..3/ Ynysgedwyn (“(the) meadow (of) Cedwyn = man’s name”) (county of
Powys); spoken form Sgedwyn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN7809
..4/ Ynysgeti SS6292 (“(the) meadow (of) Ceti / Cedi” = ?person's
name) (county of Abertawe); spoken form and official form Y Sgeti
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/295690
..5/
Ynysgynwraidd SO4520
– the English name of this place
in the county of Mynwy is Skenfrith,
which probably represents a local Welsh form *Sgenffridd ‹SKEN-fridh›
(Welsh was finally eliminated from this area over a century ago) from
*Sgynfridd ‹SKƏN-vridh›.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/5922
..6/ Ynyshawdre SS8983 > Y Snawdra (Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS8983
..7/ Ynysmeudwy SO7304 ynys y
meudwy (“(the) meadow (of) the hermit”) (county of Abertawe); spoken form Smitw < *Smeudwy
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/327266
..8/
Ynystawe SN6800 (“(the) meadow (by) (the river) Tawe”) (county
of Abertawe); spoken form Stawe ‹STA-we›
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/404938
..9/ Ystalyfera SN7608
Originally Ynys Tal y Fera (1582 Ynys Tal y Veran, 1604 Tir Ynystalverran, 1797
Stalyfera Issa, Ycha, Genol [source: wikipedia, “Ystalyfera”])
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/918810
“the meadow in front of Y Fera (haystack; probably a hill name).
The word “bera” (haystack) is Celtic *berg-, cognate with Proto-Germanic
*bergaz (from which German Berg = mountain, Old English beorg (“mountain, hill, mound, barrow, burial place), Modern English
(dialect) bergh = hill, and (wiktionary 05-09-2020) Scots BURROW /ˈbʌɹoʊ/ (“mound, tumulus, barrow”), ….. West Frisian BERCH /bɛrx/ (“mountain”), Dutch BERG /bɛrx/ (“mountain”), Low German BARG /bɛrɣ/ [ba̝ɾ(ə)x] (“mountain”)… Danish BJERG : /bjɛrɣ/ (“mountain”), Swedish BERG
/bɛrj/ (“mountain”), Norwegian Bokmål BERG /bɛrɡ/ (“rock, mountain, hillock, rock bottom”), Icelandic BERG /pɛrk/ (“mountain”), BJARG (“rock”), Polish BRZEG /bʐɛk/ (“bank, shore”), Russian БЕ́РЕГ (BÉREG, “bank, shore,
land”).
sà [ˡsa] (v) 1/ reduction of tysa = if it were (= pe buasai [pe: bɪˡasaɪ]); 2/ reduction of bysa = if would be
(=
buasai [bɪˡasaɪ]);
sà ynny’n bosib if that were possible
sac [sak] (nm) sack = dismissal (= sac [sak])
cǣl y sac get the sack, be
sacked, be dismissed (from a job)
roi’r
sac i (rw̄un)
give the sack to, dismiss (someone) from a job, sack (someone) from a job
saco [ˡsakɔ] (v) 1/ thrust, shove (= gwthio [ˡgʊθjɔ]) 2/ sack = dismiss (from a job) (= diswyddo [dɪˡsʊɪðɔ])
English TO SACK (SAC) + (-IO verbal
suffix) > SACIO > SACO
sàch [sax] (conj) although (= er [ɛr]) See serch
sǣff [sɛ:f] (adj) 1/ safe (= diogel [dɪˡo·gɛl]); 2/ certain, sure (= sicr [ˡsɪkɪr]) 3/ ?certain of one’s facts
yn
sǣff ī tī
take it from me; there’s no doubt about it at all (‘certainly to you’)
sǣff!
(after
an assertion) there can be no doubt about it
fel
óstritshiz yn cwato u* penna ā chrētu u* bōd nẁ’n sǣff
(from Y Twll Cloi,
Glynfab, 1919. Page 39.: fel ostriches yn cwatto'u penna, a chretu i bod nẁ’n sâff.)
sǣr [sɛ:r] (nm) carpenter (= saer [saɪr])
sīri [ˡsi:rɪ] (= seiri [ˡsəɪrɪ])
sǣth [sɛ:θ] (nf) arrow (= saeth [saɪθ])
seutha [ˡsəɪθa] (pl) (= saethau [ˡsəɪθaɪ])
Also sītha [ˡsi·θa]
sǣth yr oul sunbeam
Saeth yr Haul - Sunbeams, also reflection
from a bright surface.
Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October1908.
Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar
to Glamorgan. Cadrawd. (“(the) arrow (of) the sun”)
NOTES:
(1) In the South ae [ai] > ā [a:] in
monosyllables.
(2) In the south-east ā [a:] > ǣ [ɛ:].
sāff [sāf] (adj) 1/ safe; 2/ certain, sure. See sǣff [sɛ:f]
Sais [saɪs] (nm) 1/ Englishman 2/ Welshman who
speaks English, English-speaker (= Sais [saɪs])
Seuson [ˡsəɪsɔn] (pl) (= Saeson [ˡsəɪsɔn])
Dyw
à fawr o Sais he
doesn’t speak much English (‘he’s not much of an English-speaker’)
sand [sand] (nm) sand (= tywod [ˡtəwɔd]).
Also swnd.
twmpyn
sand a
mound of sand
From English SAND.
SWND: In certain English words -an- >
-on- in western (especially midland) England (man /mon, bank/bonk, etc).
And in Welsh o > w in certain words
from English e.g. FORD > ffordd/ffwrdd).
Thus SAND > SOND > Welsh SOND >
SWND.
sār [sa:r] > sǣr [sɛ:r] (= craftsman)
sarfo [ˡsarvɔ] (verb) serve (= gweini [ˡgwəɪnɪ])
From English SARVE [sarv], an ‘[ar]’
variant, which remained dialectal and did not become standard, of SERVE [sɛrv], nowadays [sɜːv]
sarjant [ˡsarʤant] (nm) sergeant
(= rhingyll [ˡhriŋɪɬ])
sarjants [ˡsarʤants] (pl) (nm)
sergeant (= rhingylliaid [hriˡŋɪɬjaɪd])
From English SERGEANT [ˡsarʤənt], an ‘[ar]’
variant which became the standard form in English of an original SERGEANT [sɛrʤənt]
Sasnag [ˡsasnag] (nf) English (= Saesneg [ˡsəɪsnɛg]). See Seusnag
sāth [sa:θ] > sǣth [sɛ:θ]
sawdwl [ˡsaʊdʊl] (nf) heel (= sawdl [ˡsaʊdʊl]
(nm))
sodla [ˡsɔdla]
(pl) heels (= sodlau [ˡsɔdlaɪ])
sbǣr [ˡsbɛ:r] (adj) spare (= sbàr [sba:r])
pè
bysa gen i amsar yn sbǣr if I had time to spare
sbarcyn [ˡsbarkɪn] (nm) lad, fellow (= bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn] (nm))
sbēco [ˡsbe·kɔ] (v) order (goods from a shop) (= archebu [arˡxe·bɪ])
ōdd
à wēti sbēco rwm ī fī yn y Pymp Hows yn Llandrindod he’d booked a room for me in the Pump House in
Llandrindod
From an earlier pronunciation of English
SPEAK [spe:k], now [spi:k]; cf Middle English SPĒKEN FOR (= ask for)
(Other forms and spellings: speco,
spêco, sbeco, sbêco)
sbel [sbɛl] (nf) spell, short period of time (= ysbaid [ˡəsbaɪd], sbel [sbɛl])
am sbel fǣch for a short while
From English SPELL
sbèlo [ˡsbɛlɔ] (v) spell (= sillafu [srˡ ɬa·vɪ])
From English SPELL
(Other spellings: sbelo, spelo)
sbïo [ˡsbi·ɔ] (v) look (= edrych [ˡɛdrɪx])
From an earlier pronunciation of English
SPY [spi:], now [spai].
sbītsh [sbi:ʧ] (v) speech (= araith [ˡa·raɪθ])
sbītshiz [ˡsbi:ʧɪz] (= areithiau [aˡrəɪθjaɪ])
sbō [sbo:] (sentence substitute) I suppose (= mae’n debyg gennyf [xxx])
Also: sbō gin i..., ysbō
Reduction of SBŌSO (=
[I] suppose), from the English verb S’POSE, i.e. SUPPOSE
(Other spellings: sbo, sbô, spo, spô)
sbonio [ˡsbɔnjɔ] (v) explain (=
esbonio [ˡɛsbɔnjɔ])
sbràg [sbrag] (eg) (1) sprag = block of wood put through
the spokes of a wheel of a coal tub to brake it; (2) sprag = pit prop (= sbrag [sbrag])
sbràgz, sbràca# [sbragz, ˡsbraka] (pl) sprags (= sbragiau
[ˡsbragjaɪ])
(Other forms and spellings: sbrag,
sprag, sprags, sbrags)
sbrìcan [ˡsbrɪkan] (nf) nail (= hoelen [ˡhoilɛn])
sbrìgz [ˡsbrɪgz] (= hoelion [ˡhoiljɔn])
secrat [ˡsɛkrat] (nm) secret (= cyfrinach [kəvˡri·nach])
secrats [ˡsɛkrats]
(pl) secrets (= cyfrinachau
[kəvrɪˡna·chaɪ])
gw̄pod y secrat to know the
secret
From English SECRET
sdim [sdɪm] (v) there is not (= nìd oes dim [nɪd ɔɪs ˡdɪm])
NOTE: (1) The first syllable, which is unstressed, drops away in colloquial
Welsh > does dim. Since in the South oes > ōs –
that is, the diphthong [oi] in a monosyllable generally becomes a long vowel
[o:] – we have dōs dim.
(2) There can be a further reduction with the loss of the second syllable, also
unstressed.
dōs dim > ōs dim > sdim
sdim īsha ī tī lēfan felna, bāchan! (nid oes
[dim] eisiau iti lefain fel yna, bachan!)
there’s no need for you to cry like that, my lad!
Also s’im [sɪm]
(Other spellings: stim,
sim)
sēfyll [ˡsevɪɬ] (v) stand (= sefyll [ˡsevɪɬ])
sēfyll
ÿch tīr
stand your ground, refuse to yield, refuse to budge
segūra [sɛˡgi·ra] (v) loaf around, idle, hang about (= sefyllian [sɛˡvəɬjan], segura [sɛˡgi·ra])
(SEGUR = idle, unoocupies) + (-A verbal
suffix) > SEGURA (> Gwentian SEGIRA)
seino [ˡsəɪnɔ] (v) to sign (= arwyddo [ˡarwi·ðɔ])
Also: sino [ˡsi·nɔ]
sentans [ˡsɛntans] (nf) sentence (= decision by a judge) (=
dedfryd [ˡdɛdvrɪd] (nf))
paso sentans ar ddȳn
ī gǣl ī grōci
sentence a man to be hanged (‘pass (a) sentence on (a) man to get his hanging’)
From English SENTENCE
serch (conj) although (= er [ɛr])
Also sàch [sax], shàch [ʃax]
Sèth [sɛθ] (nm) male name (= Seth [sɛθ])
Seusnag [ˡsəɪsnag] 1/ (nf) English (= the English language) 2/
(adj) English (relating to the language) (= Saesneg [ˡsəɪsnɛg])
Also: 1/ Sisnag [ˡsɪsnag],
2/ Sysnag [ˡsəsnag], 3/ Sasnag [ˡsasnag]
wilia
Sisnag
speak English
Cewch
chī wilia faint ā fynnoch ō’r ēn Sisnag ’na mǣs ar yr
ewl, ond rwng y ddou ddrws ’ma dōs dim ī fōd ond yr ēn Gymrǣg (adapted from Y Darian 17 Mai 1917)
You can speak as much as you want of that bloody (‘that
old’) English out on the street, but between these two doors (.ie. in this
house, between the back door and the front door) there’s to be only the dear
(‘the old’) Welsh language
Seusnas [ˡsəɪsnas] (nf) Englishwoman (= Saesnes [ˡsəɪsnɛs])
Seusnesa [səɪˡsnɛsa] (pl) (= Seisnesau [səɪˡsnɛsaɪ])
Also: Sisnas [ˡsɪsnas], Sisnesa#
[sɪˡsnɛsa]
seutha [ˡsəɪθa] (pl) (= arrows). See sǣth (= arrow)
sgaldānu [sgaldānɪ] (v) scald (= sgaldio [ˡsgaldjɔ])
English SCALD in its older pronunciation [skald], now [sko:ld]
sgant [ˡsgant] (adj) scarce (= prìn [prɪn])
bōd
sgant yn...
scarcely, hardly (+ verb)
ōn-ī
sgant yn ī nāpod ī I scarcely recognised her
mà arian yn sgant money’s scant
From English SCANT
sgêm [sge:m] (nf) scheme, plan (= cynllun [ˡkənɪn])
sgêma#, sgêmz [ske·ma, sge:mz] (pl)
(= cynlluniau [əsgɪˡbɔrjaɪ])
sgentan [ˡsgɛntan] (v) spy, pry (= busnesa [ˡbɪsnɛsa])
sgentan
bothti llē
look around a place (and be up to no good), scout around a place, eye up a
place, case a place, prowl around
Origin unknown
The word appears in the Cyneirlyfr by
Edward Williams to define ‘Chwiwbigo’ and ‘Chwiwian’
(delwedd 5923)
Chwiwbigo, b. w. ysgenta neu ladrata
Chwiwan, b. w. ysgentan, rhodresa neu
wylltio, neu grwydro am ladrad
Cyneirlyfr: neu, Eiriadur Cymraeg.
Edward Williams (Bardd Glas Morganwg.) 1826
Chwiwbigo, b. w. prowl around or steal
Chwiwan, b. w. prowl around, flaunt or
get angry, or wander around in order to steal
Cyneirlyfr (= etymological disctionary):
neu, Eiriadur Cymraeg (= or a Welsh Dictionary). Edward Williams (Bardd Glas
Morganwg.) (= the blue / blue-robed? / young? bard of Glamorgan) 1826
sgìli [ˡsgɪlɪ]
(nm) skilly = bread and water (= sgili [ˡsgɪlɪ])
sgūpor [ˡsgi·pɔr] (nm) barn (= ysgubor [ˡsgi·bɔr])
sgubōra [skɪˡbo·ra]
(pl) (= ysguboriau [əsgɪˡbɔrjaɪ])
Also sgypor [ˡsgəpɔr]
Sgūpor-wen# [ˡsgi·pɔr ˡwɛn]
(probable local form of the name; subject to confirmation; the short name for
the house would seem to suggest it). House name, Aber-dâr.
In 1850 the
Ysgubor-wen coal level at Aber-dâr was opened by Samuel Thomas. He built
Ysguborwen House between 1852 and 1885, and here his son David Alfred Thomas
(later Viscount Rhondda) was born in 1856. In 1976 it became a short-lived
hotel; today it is a nursing home.
Locally known in English as ‘the Skip’.
sgūthan [ˡsgi·θan] (nf) 1/ (old
meaning) stock dove Columba oenas 2/ (modern meaning) wood pigeon Columba
palumbus 3/ unpleasant woman (= ysguthan [əˡsgi·θan])
sgūthanod
[ˡsgɪθa·nɔd]
(pl) (= ysguthanod [əˡsgɪθa·nɔd])
Also: sgythan [ˡsgəθan]
sgitsha [ˡsgɪʧa] (pl) (= shoes).
See esgid (= shoe)
shop sgitsha shoe shop
A schematic explanation of the plural
form (though this is not necessarily the precise evolution of the word):
ESGIDIAU [ɛˡsgɪdjaɪ] > ESGIDIE [ɛˡsgɪdjɛ]
(> YSGIDIE [əˡsgɪdjɛ]) > SGIDIE [ˡsgɪdjɛ]
> SGIDJE [ˡsgɪʤɛ] > SGITSHE [ˡsgɪʧɛ] (>
Gwentian SGITSHA [ˡsgɪʧa]). Bangor (WVBD Fines-Clinton) notes
SGIDJA [ˡsgɪʤa].
NOTES: (1) The loss of a
first syllable is a common phenomenon in spoken Welsh. Here, the e- drops
away esgidiau > sgidiau.
(2) In the south an [y-] at the beginning of the final syllable drops away, and
the plural suffix -iau becomes -e, and in the south
east –a.
However, this is not exactly the case here - the -i is present, and
causes the palatalisation of the preceding -d, so we have (d+y)
> (j), with devoicing > (ch)
The only other word showing this
development is cydio [yn rhywbeth] (= get hold [of something])
which becomes citsho [yn rw̄path]
(delwedd 5906)
Y
Gwladgarwr. SADWRN, HYDREF 15, 1859. EISIAU, TRI CHRYDD, yn gallu gweithio
ysgydiau menywod, ysgydiau cryfion, a chosacks.
Cant pris [sic; = bris] da am eu gwaith. Bydd
yn
ofynol iddynt fod yn ddynion sobr. Ymofynir a Mr. David Morgan, Boot & Shoe
Maker,
Cardiff-street,
Aberdare.
Y
Gwladgarwr (= the patriot). Saturday, October 15, 1859. Wanted. Three
shoemakers able to make women's shoes, stout shoes and cossacks. They will be
paid well (‘will have a good price’) for their work. It will be required of
them to be sober men. Enquiries to Mr. David Morgan, Boot & Shoe Maker,
Cardiff Street, Aberdare.
(Other
forms and spellings: skitsha, scitsha, scitshia, scitcha, Dimetian sgidshe)
sgrēcan# [ˡsgre·kan] (v) strangle,
wring the neck of (e.g. a hen) (=
llindagu [ɬɪnˡda·gɪ])
From English dialect TO SCRAG = throttle, strangle. (Ffynhonnell: GPC. sgregan,
sgrego)
Also sgrēco# [ˡsgre·kɔ]
sgwār [sgwa:r]. See sgwǣr [sgwɛ:r]
sgwd [sgu:d] (nm) waterfall (= rhaeadr [hrəɪadr], rhaead’ [hrəɪad])
*sgwta [ˡsgu·ta] (= rhaeadrau [hrəɪˡadraɪ, hrəɪˡadrɛ])
Between “Twyn Cefan y Garn” and Penpych is Y Scwd, the
waterfall. Scwd is the general word for a waterfall in these parts. Rhondda
Leader. 03 Gorffennaf 1909. Welsh Topics. Rhondda Place-Names. Twyni a
Chreigiau.
sgwǣr [sgwɛ:r] (nf) square (= street) (=
sgwâr [sgwa:r])
*sgwa*ra [ˡsgwa·ra] (= sgwarau [sgwa:raɪ, sgwa:rɛ])
From English SQUARE [skwa:r], nowadays [skweə]
sgyrfenni [skərˡvɛnɪ] write (= ysgrifennu [əsˡkrəvɛnɪ]
(Other spellings: sgyrfennu)
sh
1/
corresponds to si- [ʃ]
in standard
Welsh spelling: shop (standard siop, English: shop), Shǣn (= Siân;
English: Jane)
2/ corresponds to s [s] in standard Welsh, before or after i
[i, i:] mīsh (= mis; English: month), disgwyl > dishgwl (= see)
3/ sometimes with y
anishtwth (= anystwyth)
bripshyn
4/ sometimes with u
dy Shil (dy Shul)
5/ sometimes there is no apparent cause
for the palatalisation of [s] (usually s
> sh when the “s” is flanked on one side by “i”)
Llansawel > Llanshawal
masgl > mashgal
shà [ʃa] (prep) towards (= tua [ˡti·a]; the dialect
word spelt in standard orthography appears as sia [ʃa:] in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru /
University of Wales Dictionary [of
Welsh])
mynd shà thrē to go home
shàch [ʃax] (conj) although (= er [ɛr]) See serch
Shǣn [ʃɛ:n] (nf) Jane (= Siân [ʃa:n])
sha*fo [ˡʃa·vɔ] (v) shave (= eillio [ˡəɪɬjɔ])
From English
SHAVE [ˡʃa:v],
now [ˡʃeiv]
shàg at [ʃag ˡat] (prep) towards (= tuag at [ˡti·ag ˡat])
cērad shàg ato nī (=
cerdded tuag atom ni) to walk towards us
shain [ʃaɪn] (nf) chain. See tshain.
Shān [ʃa:n] > Shǣn [ʃɛ:n]
Shanco [ˡʃaŋkɔ]
(nm) fond form
of the name Shencyn (= Siencyn [ˡʃɛŋkɪn]
The real name of Lewsyn yr Haliwr was Lewsyn Shanco Lewis (b. 1794,
Blaencadlan, Penderyn, Sir Frycheiniog / Breconshire; d. apparently 1847,
Macleay River, Australia) (= ‘Lewis the Haulier’) (erroneously and inexplicably
cited in later accounts as ‘Lewsyn yr Heliwr’ = the hunter).
His father’s English name was Jenkin Lewis.
In earlier Welsh Lewsyn Shanco Lewis would have been Lewsyn ab Shanco ab Lewis
(Lewis son of Jenkin son of Lewis).
(LEWIS + diminutive suffix -YN) >
LÉWISYN > LEW’SYN / LEWSYN
An account by a contemporary in Tarian y Gweithiwr 28-05-1875 calls him ‘Lewsyn
yr Haliwr’. (We might expect ‘Lewsyn ’r Aliar’ as a Gwentian spoken form, but
there is no record of this)
shapo [ˡʃapɔ] (v) shape (= llunio [ˡɬɪnjɔ])
shāro [ˡʃa·rɔ] (v) share (= rhannu [ˡhranɪ])
shāro
popath
sȳ gento share everything he
has
sharp [ʃarp] (nf) sharp (= siarp [ʃarp])
From English SHARP
shars [ʃars] (eb) charge = duty to be performed (= gorchwyl [ˡgɔrxuil])
sharsa [ˡʃarsa] (pl) (= gorchwylion [gɔrˡxuɪljɔn])
sharsan [ˡʃarsan] (eb) blow, impact (= ergyd [ˡɛrgɪd])
sharsa [ˡʃarsa] (pl) (= ergydion [ɛrˡgɪdjɔn])
(Welsh SIARS) + (-EN diminutive suffix) > SIARSEN > (Gwentian SHARSAN)
sharso [ˡʃarsɔ] (v) tell = command, instruct (= gorchymyn [gorˡxəmɪn])
yn [= fy] sharso fī ī fynd ī’r shop to tell me to go to the
shop
mā fa wēdi'n sharso ī
nā wēda ī ddim gair wrth nēb he’s told me not to say a
word to anybody
From the noun shars (= charge) <
English CHARGE
shaw [ʃaʊ] (nf) 1/ a great many 2/ very many
people, crowds (= llawer [ˡɬaʊɛr])
shaw
ō ’ēn gofion a
lot of old memories
From English show, via a variant of the
word; cf English mow [mou], which has a dialect or archaic pronunciation [mau].
shawns [ʃaʊns]
(nf) chance (= siawns [ʃaʊns])
shei [ʃəɪ] (adj) shy (= swìl [swɪl])
From English SHY [ʃaɪ]
shein [ʃəɪn] (nm) shine (= disgleirdeb [dɪsˡgləɪrdɛb])
ōs
fawr ō shein ar y sgitsha nà dà tī those shoes of yopurs aren’t very shiny
From English SHINE
Shemsyn [ˡʃɛmsɪn] (nm) fond form of Shâms; Jim, Jimmy /
Jimmie (= Iago
[rˡa·gɔ])
(Other spellings: Siemsyn, Siemsin, Shemsin)
Shēnad [ˡʃe·nad] (nf) Jennet, Janet
(= Sioned [ˡʃo·nɛd])
shifft [ʃɪft] (nf) shift (= twrn [tʊrn], stem [stɛm], sifft [ʃɪft])
shifft ddȳdd day shift
shifft ddwetydd afternoon shift
shifft nōs night shift
shiglo [ˡʃɪglɔ] (v) shake
(= siglo [ˡsɪglɔ])
shiglo llaw â shake hands with
shilcotsyn [ʃɪlˡkɔtsɪn]
(nm) minnow (= silgotyn [ʃɪlˡgɔtɪn])
shilcots [ˡʃɪlkɔts]
(pl) (= silcod [ˡsɪlkɔd])
shimpil [ˡʃɪmpɪl]
(adj) foolish, idiotic. stupid
(= ffôl [fo:l])
(Other
spellings: shimpyl, simpl)
shimplo [ˡʃɪmplɔ]
(v) belittle, speak
slightingly of (=
bychanu [bəˡxa·nɪ])
NOTE: Not
in use in standard Welsh. The standard form would be simplio, and
is thus found as a headword in dictionaries (as in GPC - Geiriadur Prifysgol
Cymru)
See
kimkat0928k / Ni’n Doi / page 57
shincyn [ˡʃɪŋkɪn] (nm) ‘shincyn’; bread or toast in a bowl onto
which hot water or tea is poured, and to which butter is then added, and sugar
or salt or pepper or nutmeg. (= shincyn [ˡʃɪŋkɪn])
Also: siencyn [ˡʃɛŋkɪn], and in
west Glamorgan shincyn esmwth [ˡʃɪŋkɪn ˡɛsmʊθ])
From the personal name SIENCYN < English JENKIN.
c.1500 SIENCYN [ˡsjɛŋkɪn] > SIINCYN [ˡsjɪŋkɪn] >
SHINCYN [ˡʃɪŋkɪn].
Shīr Bembro [ʃi:r ˡbɛmbrɔ])
(nf) the county of Penfro, Pembrokeshire (= Sir Benfro [ʃi:r ˡbɛnvrɔ])
Also: Shir Bemro [ʃi:r ˡbɛmrɔ])
(delw 5966)
Y Gwladgarwr / 12 Gorffennaf 1862
BRYNTROEDGAM, GER CWMAFO0N.—Damwain angeuol. — Boreu dydd Mawrth diweddaf,
am 8 o'r gloch, dygwyddodd damwain alarus yn ngwaith Drysiog, trwy i ddarn o
dir gwympo ar ddyn ieuanc o'r enw David Jones, 19 oed, mab i Thomas Jones, a
adnabyddir wrth yr enw ‘Twm sir Bemro,' a' i ladd yn y man. Dymunir hysbysu fod
ei dad wedi myned oddi yma nos Lun diweddaf, ac nis gwyddom i ba le; ond yr
ydym wedi clywed ei helynt, ei fod wedi myned tua chymydogaeth Aberdar. Dymunir
ar y rhai ag sydd yn ei adnabod i ddweyd wrtho mor gynted ag gwelont ef, o
herwydd nid oes un perthynas arall iddo yma. Afanwyson.
The Gwladgarwr (= the patriot) / July
12, 1862
BRYNTROEDGAM, NEAR CWMAFON.- A fatal
accident. - Last Tuesday morning, at 8 o'clock, a terrible accident occurred in
the Drysiog pit, from a piece of clay falling onto a young man named David
Jones, 19 years old, and the son of Thomas Jones, known by the name 'Twm sir
Bemro,' (= Tom from Sir Benfro / Pembrokeshire) and he was killed on the spot.
We wish to inform that his father went from here last Monday, and we do not
know where; but we have heard the way he went (‘heard his way / course’), that
he has gone towards the vicinity of Aber-dâr. We wish those who know him tell
him as soon as they see him, because he has no other relation here. Afanwyson.
(= ‘one of the people of Afan’).
Shīr
Frychīnog [ʃi:r vrəˡxi·nɔg]
(nf) the county of Brecon, Breconshire (= Sir Frycheiniog [ʃi:r vrəˡxəɪnjɔg])
Also Shīr Frycheinog [ʃi:r vrəˡxəɪnɔg]
Shīr Gǣr [ʃi:r ˡgɛ:r] (nf) the
county of Caerfyrddin, Carmarthenshire
Shīr Gǣr corresponds to south-western Shir Gâr [ʃi:r ˡga:r], i.e. Sir Gaer [si:r ˡgaɪr],
short form of Sir
Gaerfyrddin [si:r gaɪrˡvərðɪn])
Shirowi [ʃɪˡrɔwɪ]
(nf) river name and name of a
district of Tredegar (Gwentian: Tredecar) (standard Welsh = Sirhywi [sɪrˡhəwɪ])
(delwedd 5947)
Y Celt. 15 Ionawr 1905. Rhif 1218. Cyf.
XXIII.
YN YR UNDEB YN TREDEGÅR.
GAN J. D. J.
Cododd y llanw yn uchel iawn dydd Iau yn
yr holl gyleh. Ni chawsom ond dau gyfarfod — Elfed a'r Cenadon, - a tra
byw ar y ddaear bydd y cyfarfodydd hyn
yn aros yn gysegredig gan ein calon. Clywsom fod y cyfarfod nos Iau
yn Shirowi wedi troi yn Bentecost, ac
fod y dyrfa wedi tori allan i ganu a gweddio mewn mwy nag un addoldy yn
y Cwm. O fendigedig Undeb! Bydded y
dylanwad yn fendith i filoedd o ddynion, yn ogoniant i Dduw.
Y Celt (= the Celt). 15 January 1905.
Number 1218. Volume XXIII.
IN THE UNION IN TREDEGAR. BY J. D. J.
The tide rose very high on Thursday in
all the area. We held only two meetings - Elfed and the Missionaries, - and
these meetings will remain sacred in our hearts while we live on this earth. We
heard that the meeting on Thursday night had turned into a Pentecost and that
the congregation had broken out in song and prayer (‘the crowd had broken out
to sing and pray’) in more than one chapel in the Valley. O blessed Union! May
the influence be a blessing to thousands of people and glory to God.
shonc [ʃɔŋk] (adj) lively (= sionc [ʃɔŋk])
Origin unknown
Shōn [ʃo:n] (nm) John (=Siôn [ʃo:n]; Ifan, Ieuan, Ioan)
From English JOHN, originally with a
long vowel, [ʤo:n], now with a short vowel JOHN [ʤɔn]
Shōni [ˡʃo·nɪ] (nm) 1/ Johnnie (= Sioni; Siôn [ˡʃo·nɪ, ʃo:n]) 2/ (= Shōni-oi) collier (derogatory term)
NOTE: A pejorative term for the colliers from the Glamorgan uplands used
(formerly) in the English of the south-east is a SHONNY [ˡʃɔnɪ], plural SHONNIES [ˡʃɔnɪz].
For people in Caer-dydd / Cardiff, the people from the Valleys coming into the
city to shop or to visit the pubs at the weekend were the “Shonnies from the
hills / the ’ills”. Interestingly, there is an example of this expression used
to refer to North Wales people, but probably the only instance of this ever
having occurred – in an email on rootsweb dated Thursday, 30 January 2003, a
Liverpool-Welsh woman, married to a Welshman from Caer-dydd, states ‘the Welsh people used to arrive on certain days by coach in Liverpool
for shopping - my Welsh mother in law always referred to these Northern
invaders as "The Shonnies from the hills".
Shōni cōs i*r [ˡʃo·nɪ ˡko:s ˡi:r] (nm) daddy-long-legs,
crane fly (= pryf teiliwr
[ˡpri:v ˡtəɪljʊr])
(SHŌNI =
Johnnie) + (CŌS = leg) + (I*R = long) (In standard spelling, Sioni coes
hir). (“Jonnie (of) long leg”)
Shōni fe*nyw [ˡʃo·nɪ ˡve·n ɪʊ] (nm) effeminate man (= dyn merchetaidd [ˡdi:n mɛrˡxɛtaɪð])
(SHŌNI = Johnnie)
+ soft mutation + (BE*NYW = woman)
Shōni lapra [ˡʃo·nɪ ˡlapra] (nm)
rag-and-bone man (= dyn rhacs [ˡdi:n ˡhraks])
(SHŌNI =
Johnnie) + soft mutation + (LLAPRA = rags)
(Standard Welsh: LLAPRAU)
Shōni-oi [ˡʃo·nɪ ˡɔɪ]
(nm) Shonny Hoy, collier (derogatory term) (= Sioni hoi [ˡʃo·nɪ ˡhɔɪ])
Shōni-oiz [ˡʃo·nɪ
ˡɔɪz] (pl) (= Sioni hois [ˡʃo·nɪ ˡhɔɪs])
(delwedd 5772)
The Gwentian dialect is / was disparagingly referred to in English by its
speakers as ‘Shonny Hoi Welsh’ (e.g. Robert Minhinnick in Writing on the Edge:
Interviews with Writers and Editors of Wales / David T. Lloyd / 1997 mentions
it as ‘shony hoi Welsh’). It lost prestige in the first half of the 1900s and
was felt to be inferior to other forms of spoken Welsh (the rural south-western
and north-western dialects in particular, and the spoken standard Welsh of
radio and television).
Welsh as a spoken language was actively discouraged in the school system,
although paradoxically there might be Welsh lessons in some schools based on
the literary language. This discouragement and the study of Welsh as a formal
written language was not helpful to the language’s continued use and survival.
shop [ʃɔp] (nf) shop (= siop [ʃɔp])
shopa [ˡʃɔpa] (pl) shops (= siopau [ˡʃɔpaɪ])
shop sgitsha shoe shop
shop gwmpni, (pl) shopa cwmpni company shop, truck shop
(under the truck system, at the beginning of industrialisation, workers were
forced to accept wages in kind, as commodities, or else a money substitute such
as vouchers or tokens was paid which could be used only in a company-owned shop
where the prices were higher than usual- The system thus worked to the
employer’s advantage and effectively reduced the value of the wages paid to the
employee).
short [ʃɔrt] (nf) sort (= math [ma:θ])
rw̄
short ō wīn
some sort of wine,a kind of wine
(Other spellings: siort)
shoto [ˡʃɔtɔ] (v) to throw; to throw away (= taflu [ˡtavlɪ])
Not
in use in standard Welsh; the standard form would be siotio, and is
thus found as a headword in GPC (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru)
shoto’i frīcha throw his arms about
(kimkat0928k / Ni’n Doi / page 55 shotto’i freecha)
ORIGIN: Dialect English “to shot” (= to throw). 1/ Cf Middlesborough,
northern England: Shot - To throw. “Can you shot those things in a box please?”
Shot ‘em out - Throw them out. www. lovemiddlesbrough.com/visitor-info/smogtionary-slang-dictionary
2/ Cf also colloquial English ‘get shot
of’ = ‘get rid of’
(Other forms and spellings: shotto,
sioto)
showdwr [ˡʃɔudʊr] (nm)
soldier (= milwr [ˡmi·lʊr])
showdwrs [ˡʃɔudʊrz]
(pl) (= milwyr [ˡmɪlwɪr])
shẁd [ʃʊd] (adv) how (= sut [sɪt])
shẁd ī chī ēddi? how
are you today?
ishta [ˡɪʃta] (prep)
like < yr un shẁd â (= the
same form as)
(delwedd 5594)
(How are you today? I’ve got better by using Gwilym Evan’s Quinine Bitters)
(Other spellings: siwd. shwd. shwt, siwt)
sicir [ˡsɪkɪr] (adj) sure (= sicr [ˡsɪkɪr])
on’ mae un pēth yn sicir but
one thing’s certain
sìlw [ˡsɪlʊ] (nm) observation, comment, remark (= sylw [ˡsilʊ])
silwi [ˡsɪlwi] (v) notice, observe (= sylwi [ˡsɪlwi])
sīlwch observe, note (imperative – second
person plural)
Sīsnag [ˡsi·snag] (nf) English (= Saesneg [ˡsəɪsnɛg]). See Seisnag
sītha [ˡsi·θa] (pl) (= arrows). Gweler sǣth (= arrow)
slāfo [ˡsla·vɔ] (v) to slave = work like a slave (= llafurio [ɬaˡvɪrjɔ])
ā ninna’n gorffod slāfo trw̄’n
bywyd... and we are forced to slave all our lives...
slant [slant] (nf) slant = inclined mine entry to a
seam (= slant
[slant])
sliman [ˡslɪman] (nf) slim woman (= un denau [i:n ˡde·naɪ])
sliman ō fenyw skinny
woman (“[a] slim-one [of ] [a] woman”)
(English SLIM) + (-EN
feminine noun suffix) > SLIMEN (> Gwentian SLIMAN)
slimyn [ˡslɪmɪn] (nm) slim man (= un tenau [i:n ˡte·naɪ])
slimyn main skinny
man (“[a] thin slim-onē)
See kimkat0928k / Ni’n Doi / page 57
(English SLIM) + (-YN masculine noun suffix) > SLIMYN
slow [slou] (adj) alow (= araf [ˡa·rav])
bōd
yn slow iawn
be very slow
From English
SLOW
smala [ˡsmala] (adj) funny (= digrif [ˡdɪgrɪv], ysmāla [əˡsmala])
smart [smart] (adj) (1) smart = attractive; (= deniadol,
[dɛnˡja·dɔl], smart [smart]); (2) smart = clever (=
craff [kra:f], smart [smart])
From English SMART
smatig [ˡsmatɪg] (adj) 1/ asthmatic = suffering from
asthma 2/ (coal mine) causing asthma (= asthmatig [asˡθmatɪg])
From English SMATICK < ASMATICK (=
ASTHMATIC)
smwddo [ˡsmu·ðɔ] (v) iron
(= stilo [ˡsti·lɔ], smwddio [ˡsmʊðjɔ] 2/ stroke
(a cat, etc) (= anwesu [anˡwɛsɪ])
English SMOOTH.
‘Smooth a cat’ is heard in Somerset and
Devon, and also in the English of south-east Wales.
snêc [sne:k] (nm) sneak, creep (= llechgi [ˡɬɛxgɪ])
Snêcs Āber-dǣr / Snêcs Bar-dǣr
nickname for Aber-dâr / Aberdare people (‘(the) sneaks (of) Aber-dâr’).
y Snêcs the people of Aber-dâr /
Aberdare
Trē’r Snêcs Aber-dâr / Aberdare
(‘(the) town (of) the sneaks’)
Dīnas y Snêcs Aber-dâr / Aberdare
(‘(the) city (of) the sneaks’)
Ffair y Snêcs = Ffair Aber-dâr /
Aberdare Fair (‘(the) fair (of) the sneaks’).
From English SNEAK [sneik], a variant
pronunciation of what is now SNEAK [sniik].
This pronunciation is still to be found in Irish English, and latterly in many
English dialects, though it is a fast-disappearing feature. (In western and
southern dialects of English especially many dialect words retain the original
[ei] pronunciation that has become [i:] in modern standard English.)
In standard English, there are vestiges of EA
[ei] in STEAK [steik] and BREAK [breik].
Cf ‘strame’ [streim] as the
pronunciation of ‘stream’ in the Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire, bordering
on the Gwentian-speaking area. Here too clean [kli:n] is clane [klein], speak
[spi:k] is spake [speik].
Cf a sneak-up =
a cringing villain, a creeping rascal (c. 1597 Henry IV Part 1 / Act III Scene
iii Line 84 [Falstaff to Hostess] The Prince is ... a sneak-up [Quarto:
sneakeup; Folio: sneak-cup]
A Glossary Of
Berkshire Words And Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London.
Published For The English Dialect Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions]
as now submitted I have heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’) notes quane (= queen),
spake (= speak), strame (= stream), wake-lin (= weakling), whate (= wheat),
whale (= wheel i.e. a haze around the moon)
The explanation for this nickname for
Aber-dâr people might be the one given in 1915 in the weekly newspaper Y
Darian:
(delwedd 5903)
Y Darian. 28 Hydref 1915.
(3) Snecs Aberdar. — Gelwid felly am eu bod
yn arfer segura ar hyd yr heolydd, a chario clecs o fan i fan, ac yn creu
ymryson rhwng y cymdogion.
‘Aberdare Sneaks’. They were called this
because they were in the habit of hanging around the streets doing nothing, and
carrying gossip from place to place, and sowing discord between neighbours.
(Other forms or spellings: snec, snêc,
snake)
snortan [ˡsnɔrtan] (v) snort (= make a snorting noise) (=
ffroeni
[ˡfrɔɪnɪ])
snw̄byn [ˡsnu·bɪn] (nm) 1/ lump = large person or thing
(= talp
[talp]) 2/ punch on the nose; punch, blow (= ergyd [ˡɛrgɪd]) 3/ snub = rebuff, rejection, act of
treating coldly or with disdain; slighting comment (= sen [sɛn])
snw̄byn ō grotyn a great
lump of a boy, a large lump of a boy
English SNUB (= rebuke, reprimand) <
SNUB (v) (= rebuke, reprove, chide, scold) < Old Scandinavian SNUBBA (=
chide, scold), perhaps originally with the sense of ‘cut off’.
snw̄ffach [ˡsnu·fax] (v) sniffle (have a runny nose from a
cold) (= sniffian
[ˡsnɪfjan])
sodlo [ˡsɔdlɔ] (v) 1/ tread the heels of sb; 2/ (dog)
snap at or bite the heels of a cow, horse, etc; 3/ follow closely at the heels
of sb, be subservient to sb. (= sodlo [ˡsɔdlɔ])
Ci Sodlo - An underling.
“Mae e'n folon bod yn gi sodlo i bawb." (He is willing to be un underling
to everybody).
Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar
to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.
sofft [sɔft] (adj) soft (= meddal [ˡme·ðal])
English SOFT
sōg [so:g] (nm)
dregs, residue; pigswill (= soeg [sɔɪg])
sö long [sə ˡlɔŋ] so long, goodbye, bye-bye, bye (= hwyl [huɪl])
English
SO LONG
sop [sɔp] (nm) 1/ sop, bread soaked in milk or
tea (= sop [sɔp]); 2/
bowl of bread and milk or bread and buttermilk (= bara llaeth [ˡba·ra ˡɬaɪθ])
3/ (adj) sopping-wet
gwallt sop
sopping-wet hair
bōd yn sop difērol be
sopping wet
English
SOP
sopan [ˡsɔpan] (nf) 1/ hussy; term of abuse for a
woman (= maeden [ˡməɪdɛn])
sopennod [ˡsɔpɛnɔd] (pl)
(= maedenod [məɪˡde·nɔd])
Probably
from sopen (= straw bundle, bundle
of straw). SOPEN > Gwentian SOPAN;
if
not sop (= sop, bread soaked in milk
or tea; stupid person) (SOP) + (diminutive suffix -EN) > SOPEN > Gwentian
SOPAN
sōpor [ˡso·pɔr] (adj) 1/ sober (= sobr [ˡso·bɔr]); 2/ serious (= difrifol [dɪˡvri·vɔl]); 3/ sōpor ō... very (= iawn [jaʊn])
rw̄
ī wēti bōd yn sōpor ō fishi’n ddiwēddar I’ve been
very busy lately
nīthir gwimad mōr
sōpor â phāb with a serious look on his
face (‘making a face as serious as a pope’)
sopri [ˡsɔprɪ] (v) 1/ (vi)
sober up, become sober (= sobri [ˡsɔbrɪ]) 2/ (vt) make
sober (= sobri [ˡsɔbrɪ]) 3/ (vt) put in
a serious mood (= callio [ˡkaɬjɔ]) 4/ (vi) quieten
down (= tawelu
[taˡwe·lɪ]) 5/ (vt) quieten down (= tawelu [taˡwe·lɪ])
sopyn [ˡsɔpɪn] (nm) 1/ bundle (= bwndel [ˡbʊndɛl]); 2/ a great many (= llawer iawn [ˡɬa·wɛr ˡjaʊn])
sopyn dychrynllyd a great amount of
people
sopyn digynnig a great amount of
people
söseiati [səˡsəɪətɪ]
(nf?) society (= cymdeithas [kəmˡdəɪθas])
stac [stak] (nm) factory chimney, stack (= simnai [ˡʃɪmnaɪ])
staca [ˡstaka] (pl) (= simneiau [ʃɪmˡnəɪaɪ])
English STACK (= tall chimney)
stǣl [stɛ:l] (adj) (bread) stale (= hen [he:n] = old, henbob [ˡhɛnbɔb] = old-baked)
bāra dīcon stǣl
yw à it’s bread that’s quite stale
From
English STALE [sta:l], now [steil]; probably from the proto-Germanic root *STA-
(= to stand), found in the English words 1/ STAND,
2/
STALL This is cognate with German STALL (= stable), Greek STELE (= slab of
stone), Latin STOLIDUS (originally = (adj) unmovable; later (adj) = stupid,
foolish).
The
Germanic root word is cognate with Latin STÂRE (= to stand), from which (via
French) comes English STABLE (adjective = immovable; noun = building for a
horse or horses)
(Other spellings: stâl, stêl, stal,
stel)
Stalfēra [stalfe·ra]
(nf) local form of Ystalyfera (= Ystalyfera [əstaləfe·ra])
ynys
tâl y fera
staplo [ˡstaplɔ] (v) stable = put (a horse) in a stable
(= stablo
[ˡstablɔ])
From (STABAL = stable) + (-O verb
suffix) > STABLO
(Source: GPC)
starto [ˡstartɔ] (v) start (= dechrau [ˡdɛxraɪ], cychwyn [kəxˡwɪn], (informal) startio [ˡstartjɔ])
From English START
stico [ˡstɪkɔ] (v) 1/ to stick (= glynu [ˡglənɪ]) 2/ to hurry (= brysio [ˡbrəʃɔ])
stico
(pētha) yn ī gīlydd stick things together
sticwch ī gwplo (GPC) (imperative
form) hurry up and finish
From English STICK
stimōcus [stɪˡmo·kɪs] (adj) (food) appetising; (person)
having a good appetite; (work) causing one to be hungry (= stumogus [stɪˡmo·gɪs] (GPC))
stitsh ˡstɪʧ] (nm?) stich = the least bit (= mymryn [stɔrm])
stitshyz
[ˡstɪʧɪz] (pl) (= mymrynnach [məmˡrənax])
nēla'r
īn ohōnyn nẁ ddim stitsh ō waith byth onibai ī
bōd nẁ’n gorffod neither of them would do a stitch of work unless they were
forced to
stiwt [stɪut] (nm?) institute (= glynu [ˡglənɪ]) 2/ hurry (= brysio [ˡbrəʃɔ])
institute
Popular name for Sefydliad y Glowyr Coed-duon / Blackwood Miners’ Institute, and
other South Wales Miners’ Institutes.
From the English name ‘(The) Stute’, a clipped
form of ‘Institute’. The same name in used in Sir y Flint / Flintshire for the
Miners’ Institute in Rhosllannerchrugog.
stôl [sto:l] (nf) stall (= stondin [ˡstɔndɪn])
stôlz [sto:lz] (pl) stalls (= stondinau [stɔnˡdi·naɪ])
stôl lyfra bookstall
From English STALL from the proto-Germanic root
*STA- (= to stand)
stop [stɔp] (nm) stop (= stop [stɔp])
roi
stop ar bētha fel ’yn to
put a stop to things like this (‘give / put a stop on....’)
From English STOP
stopo [ˡstɔpɔ] (v) stop (= stopio [ˡstɔpjɔ]; atal [ˡatal])
cǣl
ých stopo i weyd ých barn be
stopped from voicing your opinion
(STOP) + (-IO verb suffix) > STOPIO > STOPO
stōrom [ˡsto·rɔm] (nf) storm (= storm [stɔrm])
stormydd [ˡstɔrmɪð] (pl) (= stormydd [ˡstɔrmɪð])
Strafellta [stɪaˡvɛɬta]
(nf) village name (= Ystradfellte [əstɪadˡvɛɬtɛ])
streic [strəɪk] (nf) strike (= streic [strəɪk])
From English STRIKE
stresol [ˡstrɛsɔl] (adj) busy (= prysur [ˡprəsɪr])
English STRESS (STRES) + (-OL adjectival
suffix)
stwmp [stʊmp] (nm) 1/ tree stump (= boncyff [ˡbɔŋkɪf]); 2/ bewilderment, perplexity (= stwmp [stʊmp])
mynd i stwmp become nonplussed,
become bewildered, become perplexed
stwmpyn [ˡstʊmpɪn] (nm) 1/ tree stump (= boncyff [ˡbɔŋkɪf]); 2/ (Morgannwg) works manager or offical (= stwmpyn [ˡstʊmpɪn]) (GPC)
swagro [ˡswagrɔ] (v) swagger (= rhodresa [hroˡdrɛsa], ymddwyn
yn rhodresgar [ˡəmðuin ən hroˡdrɛsgar])
From English SWAGGER; (SWAGR) + (-O verbal suffix) > SWAGRO
swae, swaez [swaɪ, swaɪz] ‹SWAI, SAIZ› (feminine noun; also masculine noun)
1/ fuss, to-do 2/
row, commorion, altercation
From English SWAY nowadays [swəɪ], former
pronunciation [swaɪ]. SWAY (noun) (= rocking motion, moving to and fro, swinging to and
fro) < SWAY (verb) Sway (= rock back and forth, move to and fro, swing to
and fro); Middle English SWEYEN < Old Norse.
swît [swi:t] (adj) sweet (= melys [ˡmɛlɪs])
Swît
Bar-dǣr
English SWEET
Cf. In the English dialect of Llanidloes, mid-Wales:
SWEET, a word of encouragement used during a fight, or some athletic contest.
“Sweet, Jack.” (Parochial Account of Llanidloes / Edward Hamer / Chapter X /
Folk-lore. Page 307 Collections Historical and Archeological Relating to Montgomeryshire and its Borders /
1877)
swllt [sʊɬt] (nm) shilling (a coin worth twelve
pence which was abolished with the introduction of decimal coinage in the
English state in 1971) (= swllt [sʊɬt])
syllta
[ˡsəɬta] (= sylltau [ˡsəɬtaɪ])
(Pembrokeshire swllte; a Gwentian form swllta might also be supposed.)
dou
swllt
two shillings
Welsh < British SOL’D- < Latin
SOL’D- < SOLIDUS (= minted coin).
swrn, swrna [sʊrn, ˡsʊrna] ‹SURN,
SUR na› (masculine noun)
1 (South-east Wales) ankle
(delwedd 7398)
NOTE: Local pronunciations in italics; thus Gwentian swrn,
syrnau > swrn, swrna [sʊrn, ˡsʊrna]
swta [ˡsʊta] (adj) abrupt
apad yn swta answer abruptly, give a
curt answer
swffro [ˡsʊfrɔ] (v) suffer (= dioddef [dɪˡo·ðɛv],
syffro [ˡsəfrɔ])
From English SUFFER: (SWFFER) + (-O verbal suffix) > *SÝFFERO > SYFFRO
(> Gwentian SWFFRO)
swmp [sʊmp] (nm) sump = pool at the bottom of a mine
working where water collects (and is pumped out from) (= swmp [sʊmp])
swmpa# [ˡsʊmpa] (pl) (= sympiau [ˡsəmpjaɪ])
# presumed
plural form
swmp [sʊmp] (nm) substance = a good thickness, a
good weight (= sylwedd [ˡsəlwɛð])
English SUM > Welsh SWM > SWMP (=
SWM + extraneous -P)
swmpo [ˡsʊmpɔ] (v) handle to get an idea of the weight
or thickness of something (= trafod â’r llaw [ˡtra·vɔd a:r ɬau])
From SWMP + (-IO verbal suffix) > SWMPIO (> Gwentian SWMPO)
swno [ˡsu·nɔ] (v) sound (= swnio [ˡsʊnjɔ])
sw*no fel brǣn sound like a
crow
sylcan [ˡsəlkan] (v) sulk (= sorri [ˡsɔrɪ],
pwdu [ˡpu·dɪ],
also the Englishism sylcio [ˡsəlkjɔ]) (GPC)
From English SULK: SWLC + (-AN verbal suffix) > SWLCAN
swrddan [ˡsʊrðan] (nf) chatterbox (= baldorddwraig [balˡdɔrðwraɪg])
(GPC)
swrddyn [ˡsʊrðɪn]
(nm) chatterbox (= baldorddwr [balˡdɔrðʊr])
sybstanshal [səbˡstanʃal] (adj) substantial (= sylweddol [sɪlˡwe·ðɔl])
From English SUBSTANTIAL
sylfan [ˡsəlvan] (nm) foundations of a house (= sylfaen [ˡsəlvaɪn])
Also silfan [ˡsəlvɪn]
Fē
allwch weld rhai ō'r silfan cò nawr you can still see some of the foundations there (‘you
can see some-ones of the
foundation yonder now’)
Sýmyrsets [ˡsəmərsɛts] (pl) ‘Somersets’, immigrant
workers from the English county of Somerset (= gwy^r Gwlad yr Haf [ˡgwi:r ˡgwla:d ər
ˡhav])
cf Dyrämz, Y Twmbl – miners who moved in
from the Durham coalfield
(Other possible forms and spellings:
Somersets, Summersetts,
Swmersets)
Sysnag [ˡsəsnag] (nf) English (= Saesneg [ˡsəisnɛg]). See Seisnag.
systífficat [səˡstɪfɪkat] (nf?) certificate (= tystysgrif [təstˡəsgriv]).
sythu [ˡsəθɪ] (v) 1/ stiffen; 2/be freezing; die of
cold (= sythu [ˡsəθɪ])
rw̄-ī bron sythu I’m
almost dead from the cold, I’m frozen stiff
(delwedd 5748)
Who in Mountain Ash has not heard of John and Will Bron Sythu, men who
as boys, used to go to Davies the shop, on Darran Las, where Thomas is now,
clothed in shreds and tatters to enjoy the genial heat of the bakehouse?
’ta [ta] (prep) with (= â [a:])
Origin: Reduced form of gyta, gita [ˡgəta, ˡgɪta]) (= with)
wì wēti bōd yn wilia 'ta fa I’ve been talking to him (‘with him’)
tà
See: tà prȳd [ta ˡpri:d]
(conj) whenever
tāci [ˡta·kɪ] (v) 1/ (vt) choke;
throttle, strangle 2/ (vi) choke (= tagu [ˡta·gɪ])
tāfarn [ˡta·varn] (nm) tavern (= tafarn [ˡta·varn])
tafarna [taˡvarna] (pl) taverns
(= tafarn [taˡvarnaɪ])
Also tafan [ˡta·van]. Cf the
loss of [r] Sadwrn > Sadwn > Satwn (= Saturday)
Also tyfarna [təˡvarna]
From Latin TABERNA (hut, shed > shop, inn, wineshop, tavern) > Brythonic
> Welsh TAFARN. It has been suggested that Latin TABERNA is a dissimulated
form of TRABERNA, and if so it would be a derivative of TRABS (= beam, piece of
timber). TRABS is possibly related to Welsh TREF (= farm; town), and in the
Germanic languages German DORF (= village), and English THORP(E) (found in
English place names; = village).
Y Tafarna-bǣch [ə taˡvarna ˡbɛ:x]
(nm) name of a village (= y Tafarnau-bach [ə taˡvarnaɪ ˡba:x])
tāfod [ˡta·vɔd] (nm) tongue (= tafod [ˡta·vɔd])
tafōta [taˡvo·ta] (pl) (= tafodau [taˡvo·daɪ]
tāfod
y Sais
(humorous, or literary) the English language (‘(the) tongue (of) the
Englishman’)
(Other forms or spellings:
tafod, tafota, dafod, dafota, thafod, thafota, nafod, nafota)
tai [taɪ] (pl) houses (= tai [taɪ])
tai’r gwaith the company houses
Y Tai-bǣch [ə taɪ ˡbɛ:x] (nm) SS7788 name of a village in western Morgannwg /
Glamorgan (= y Tai-bach) (= the little houses, the small
houses)
https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1540362
Llyfrgell y Tai-bǣch
“Taibach. — The name signifies “small
houses," so called from the four small thatched houses that some time
stood at the bottom of the present Water-street.”
Handbook Of The Origin Of Place-Names Of
Wales And Monmouthshire. Rev. Thomas Morgan. 1911.
tair [taɪr] (num f) three (= tair [taɪr])
Talcan y Bȳd [ˡtalkan ə ˡbi:d]
(nm) bit (= Talcan y Byd [ˡtalkan ə ˡbi:d])
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(delwedd 9952) |
(delwedd 9953) |
Gweler www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_testunau/sion_prys_110_talcen-y-byd_1906_0088e.htm
tamad [ˡtamad] (nm) bit (= tamaid [ˡtamaɪd])
Mà
milgi Moc mōr gwic â milgi Llew bōb tamad Morgan’s greyhound is every bit as fast
as Llew’s
dyma damad i ti here’s a piece for you
Also tamid [ˡtamɪd])
tampo [ˡtampɔ] (v) 1/ bounce (= adlamu [adˡlamɪ], bownsio [ˡbɔunsjɔ] 2/
move quickly (= brysio [ˡbrəʃjɔ], rhuthro [ˡhriθrɔ] 3/ be in
a furious rage (= bod yn wyllt ulw [bo:d ən wɪɬt
ˡi·lʊ])
tampo mwn natir drw̄g be furious, (South Wales English ‘be tamping’)
tamping = furious (‘25 English words and
phrases you only hear in Wales’ /
Wales Online / 04-05-2014)
Origin: from English TAMP
tanllwth [ˡtanɬʊθ] (nm) bonfire (= tanllwyth [ˡtanɬuiθ])
tāno [ˡta·nɔ] (vt) fire (a gun) = cause a gun to
shoot; (vi) (person, gun) to fire a shot (tastio [ˡtanjɔ])
tapo
Cf.
TAP. vb. To sole and heel old shoes. (A Glossary Of Dialect And Archaic Words Used In The County Of
Gloucester. 1890. John Drummond Robertson. Born Cuileann Ros, Siorrachd
Pheairt, Alba (= Culross, Perthshire, Scotland) 02-02-1857. Died (77)
10-10-1934, Torbay, England. Edited By Lord Moreton (Henry Haughton
Reynolds-Moreton) Born London 04-03-1857. Died (63) London 28-02-1920.)
taplas
Cf.
TAPLASH. sb. Bad, small beer. [Hundred of Berkley] [Forest of Dean].“If it be
TAPLASH, as you call it, it is of your own brewing, and is both the first and
last running of your brains." Bishop Parker, cit. Latham. (A Glossary Of Dialect And Archaic
Words Used In The County Of Gloucester. 1890. John Drummond Robertson. Born
Cuileann Ros, Siorrachd Pheairt, Alba (= Culross, Perthshire, Scotland)
02-02-1857. Died (77) 10-10-1934, Torbay, England. Edited By Lord Moreton
(Henry Haughton Reynolds-Moreton) Born London 04-03-1857. Died (63) London
28-02-1920.)
tà prȳd [ta ˡpri:d] (conj) whenever (= pryd bynnag [pri:d ˡbənag])
tastus [ˡtastɪs] (adj) (1) tasty (2) tasteful (= blasus [ˡblasɪs], tastus [ˡtastɪs])
tasto [ˡtastɔ] (v) taste (= blasu [ˡblasɪ], profi [ˡpro·vɪ], tastio [ˡtastjɔ])
mā ’wn yn tasto’n wēll
nā’r nāll this one tastes better than the other one
Tawa [ˡtaua] (nf) river name (= Tawe [ˡtauɛ])
Byrtawa [bərˡtauɛ] (= Abertawe / Swansea)
tawal [ˡtaual] (adj) tranquil, quiet, calm (= tawel [ˡtauɛl])
cysgi’n dawal
sleep
calmly, sleep untroubled
tēg [te:g] (adj) fair (= teg [te:g])
wāra tēg, āchan! (“chwarae teg, fachan”) fair play,
my friend!
Rowch
wāra tēg īddyn-nẁ be fair to them,
treat them fairly ‘give fair play to them’
teid [təid] (nm) tide (= llanw [ˡɬa·nʊ])
wēti ī’r
teid droi after the tide turned
teidi [ˡtəidɪ] (adj) 1/ neat,
tidy (= trefnus [ˡdrɛvnɪs]) 2/ decent,
respectable (= parchus [ˡparxɪs]); 3/ substantial,
numerous (= sylweddol [sɪlˡwe·ðɔl])
Also tīdi [ˡti·dɪ]
From south-western dialects in the modern English perid.
Cf TIDY. adj. Honest, decent, respectable; also tolerable.
[Common.] "Er be a TIDY, dacent ooman." “Pretty TIDY," pretty
well. “A TIDY few," a fair quantity. (A Glossary Of Dialect And Archaic Words Used In
The County Of Gloucester. 1890. John Drummond Robertson. Born Cuileann Ros,
Siorrachd Pheairt, Alba (= Culross, Perthshire, Scotland) 02-02-1857. Died (77)
10-10-1934, Torbay, England. Edited By Lord Moreton (Henry Haughton
Reynolds-Moreton) Born London 04-03-1857. Died (63) London 28-02-1920.)
temprans [ˡtɛmprans] (nm) 1/ temperance = total abstinence
from alcoholic drinks (= dirwest [ˡdɪrwɛst]) 2/ temperance hotel = hotel where no
alcoholic drinks are served (= gwesty dirwest [ˡgwɛstɪ ˡdɪrwɛst])
yn y temprans in the temperance
hotel
Temprans [ˡtɛmprans] (nf) Temperance occurs as a female
forename in the late 1700s and 1800s
e.g. Temperance Evans (female) (born
about 1803 Dindyrn (English: Tintern)
Temperance Evans (female) (born 1827,
Cas-gwent (English: Chepstow)
Temperance Williams, aged 19, of the
Crown public-house, Abersychan, most deeply regretted. (Hereford Times / 27 Sep
1851)
Temperance Williams (female) / born 1869
/ Trefddyn (English: Trevethin),
Temperance Williams (female) / born 1877
/Aberpennar (English: Mountain Ash)
(delwedd 5824)
Merthyr Times / 3 Medi 1897 INTEMPERATE “TEMPERANCE "—HIGH LIFE IN
PENYDARREN Temperance Jones was summoned for using obscene language in
Tramroad-side, Penydarren. — P. C. Wood gave evidence. Complaint was made to
him and he heard her applying opprobious epithets to several neighbours. She
had also been guilty of an assault. Her husband, Thomas Jones, was also
summoned for a similar offence. He accosted P.C. Wood and said, "Look here
you b---r [= bugger], what have you summoned my wife for?” He then went on to
allude to certain women as “bl--- wh--- [= bloody whores].” Temperance and a
friend of hers, Margaret Miggan, were also summoned for assaulting Mrs. Lloyd.
Margaret Pendry and another woman gave evidence for complainant. Defendant did
not strike her, but spat in her face. Mrs. Shepherd gave evidence for the
defendant. For using bad language Thomas and Temperance Jones were fined 5s. [=
five shillings] and costs or seven days. --- Another woman was summoned for
using bad language in Bethesda-street. She admitted having called P. C. Lamb “a
cow." — The Stipendiary said that the filthy language used by some of the
women in Merthyr was simply disgusting, and he fined the defendant 5s. and
costs.
English TEMPERANCE, colloquially TEMP`RANCE
tǣn [tɛ:n] (nm) fire (= tân [ta:n])
tāna [ˡta·na] (pl) (= tanau [ˡta·naɪ])
tendar [ˡtɛndar] (adj) (meat) tender (= brau [braɪ])
tēpot [ˡte·pɔt]
(nm) teapot (= tebot [ˡte·bɔt])
(TE = tea) + soft mutation + (POT = pot)
> TEBOT > TEPOT, if not directly from English TAY POT
tēpyg [ˡte·pɪg] (adj) likely (= tebyg [ˡte·bɪg])
thenciw [ˡθɛŋkɪʊ] (sentence substitute) thank
you (= diolch [ˡdi·ɔlx])
tī [ti:] (nm) side (= tu [ti:])
ticat [ˡtɪkat] (nm) ticket (= tocyn [ˡtɔkɪn])
cwnni
ticat
buy a ticket (‘lift a ticket’)
tīcyn [ˡti·kɪn] (nm) a little bit (= tipyn [ˡtɪpɪn])
ō
dīcyn
(with comparative adjective) much more..., much -er, by far
sofftach ō dīcyn much
softer
ticyn
bǣch a little bit; mbǣch a little bit (ticyn b- >
ticym b- ti’m b- > m b-)
tīdi [ˡti·dɪ] (adj) tidy. See teidi [ˡtəidɪ])
tūchan [ˡti·xan] (v) groan (= ochneidio [ɔxˡnəidjɔ]; pant;
grunt (= rhochian [ˡhrɔxjan])
Probably some derivative form of
uchenaid [ɪˡxe·naid] (= sigh, groan),
nowadays ochenaid;
Also: tychan [ˡtəxan]
tū fǣs ī [ti: ˡvɛ:s i:] (prep) outside
tila [ˡtɪla] > tyla
tīlwr [ˡti·lʊr] (nm) tailor (= teiliwr [ˡtəɪljʊr])
timlo [ˡtɪmlɔ] (v) feel (= teimlo [ˡtəɪmlɔ])
Tīsha [ˡti:ʃa] (v) (place name) “lower house” (= Ty^-isaf [ˡti: ˡɪsav])
“In the
Blaencwm Valley are Ty Isha (pron[ounced]. T'isha) and Tydraw…” Rhondda Leader.
11 Rhagfyr 1909. Rhondda Place Names. XVI. Farmhouses.
tīr [ti:r] (nm) land (= tir [ti:r])
tīrodd [ˡti·rɔð] (pl) (= tiroedd [ˡti·rɔið])
sēfyll
ÿch tīr
stand your ground, refuse to yield, refuse to budge
tītha [ˡti·θa] (pronoun) you too, you for your part (= tithau [ˡti·θaɪ])
tūchan [ˡti·xan] (v) groan (= ochneidio [ɔxˡnəidjɔ]; pant;
grunt (= rhochian [ˡhrɔxjan])
Probably some derivative form of
uchenaid [ɪˡxe·naid] (= sigh, groan),
nowadays ochenaid;
Also: tychan [ˡtəxan]
tū fǣs ī [ti: ˡvɛ:s i:] (prep) outside
tū wnt [ti: ˡʊnt] (adv) (used to qualify adjectives; follows
the adjective)
Heard in ‘Wenglish’ as ‘beyond’ – she’s beyond annoying. (In standard English
this would suggest she is impossible to annoy.)
tū wnt ī [ti: ˡʊnt i:] (adv) beyond (= tu hwnt i [ti:
ˡhʊnt i:])
mā’r cw̄bwl tū wnt i*'m
amgyffrad i
it’s all beyond my comprehension
tu ’wnt ī bōb dishgwilad beyond
all expectation
tòff [ˡtɔf] (nm) toff = rich upper-class person; one
who imitates the style of an upper-class person (dress, manners, speech) (= un o’r dosbarth uchel [i:n o:r ˡdɔsbarθ ˡi·xɛl])
From English TOFF, first noted in English in 1851 as lower-class slang;
probably from Oxford University slang TUFT for a nobleman. The tuft was a gold
tassel on the cap of an undergraduate student whose father was a peer of the
realm and had a seat in the House of Lords.
‘Griff. H. y Toff’ / Llysenwau Pontardawe a'r Cylch (= nicknames of Pontardawe
and the neighbouring area) http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cwmgors/Llysenwauponty.html
The initial H, which could be either for a
second forename (e.g. Howell) or a surname (e.g. Harris, Howells, etc) is
presumably to be read as ‘Griff Aitsh’ (the Welsh name of the letter H), if not
as English ‘Eitsh’ or ‘Heitsh’.
toman [ˡtɔman] (nf) heap, tip, dump (= tomen [ˡtɔmɛn])
tomennydd [tɔˡmɛnið] (pl) (= tomennydd [tɔˡmɛnið]
toman lō slag heap (so-called
in English though not formed of slag), coal tip, ash tip, spoil heap; = large mound
of spoil (loose rock and
mining waste).
(Not
directly relevant to the Gwentian Welsh or standard Welsh word, but in the
English dialect of the Y Cantref Coch or Y Ddena / Forest of Dean = “Spwoil Yup” (spoil heap)).
Y Tonna [ə ˡtɔna] (-) village by Aberdulais (= the
grasslands) (= standard Welsh y Tonnau [ə ˡtɔnaɪ])
torth [tɔrθ] (nf) loaf (= torth [tɔrθ])
tortha [ˡtɔrθa] (pl) loaves (= torthau [ˡtɔrθaɪ])
NOTE: A typical south-eastern feature is final au in a
final syllable > a. Hence the plural form tortha
tōs [to:s] (nm) dough (= toes [tɔɪs])
tost [tɔst] (adj) sick, ill (= tost [tɔst]; sâl [sa:l])
towlu [ˡtoulɪ] (v) 1/ throw (= taflu [ˡtavlɪ]) 2/ hint (= lledawgrymu [ɬɛdauˡgrəmɪ])
towlu’ch unan go to the trouble (of doing something) (‘throw
yourself’)
An [f] can become [w] in Welsh. And in the South the diphthong
‘aw’ [au] can become ‘ow’ [ou]. Thus TAFLU > TAWLU > TOWLU (here spelt as
TOWLI]
Also tawli
town In
grandiose names in English for streets of workers’ housing built by colliery
companies near their coalmines.
Some (most?) of these names were translated
into Welsh by their Welsh-speaking inhabitants, and have survived as
alternatives to the ‘offical’ English name. In other cases the original Welsh
name was retained by Welsh-speakers.
The first element of such ‘town’ names
was often the name of a coalowner.
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tramcar [ˡtramkar] (nm) tramcar (= tram [tram])
tramcarz [ˡtramkarz] (pl) (= tramiau [ˡtramjaɪ])
traws [traus] (adj) harsh (= dig [di:g], dicllon [dɪkɬɔn])
1 harsh
gīra traws (= geiriau traws) harsh words
2 peevish, cross, easily annoyed, quick to anger
(Source: Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, tudalen 3561)
Treālo [tre·ˡa·lɔ] (nf) village name (a variant of
Trealaw) (= Trealaw [tre·ˡa·laʊ])
trē [tre:] (nf) 1/ house, home
shà thre* homewards
mynd shà thre* / myn’ shà thre* go home
2/ town (= standard Welsh tref [tre:v])
Welsh TREF < Old Welsh < British < Proto-Celtic *TREBĀ (= house;
household; tribe) < Proto-Indo-European *TRAB-, *TREB- (“room, dwelling,
settlement”). (wiktionary)
It is cognate with, in the Germanic languages, German
DORF (= village), Dutch DORP (= village), West Frisian TERP (= village),
Luxembourgish DUERP (= village), English
THORP(E) (in place names, = village), and is possibly related to Lithuanian
TROBÁ (= house). Cognate with Latin TRABS (“beam, rafter, roof, vessel”),
Lithuanian TRŌBÀ (“farmhouse”), Albanian TREVË (“country, region,
village”).
Treárn [tre·ˡarn] (-) forename and
surname (= standard Welsh Trahaearn [tra·ˡhəɪarn]).
ORIGIN: Trahaearn is (TRA = (prefix) very, extremely, most, exceedingly) + (HAEARN
= iron). In Gwentian, the triphthong AEA is reduced to the diphthong AE, hence
haearn > haern. Another instance is gaeaf / gaef (= winter).
The personal name has been misunderstood as a place name (probably because the
first vowel might be reduced to schwa – hence TRYHAEARN – and this was spelt as
if a place name beginning with TREF / TRE (a homestead, a farmstead, a
settlement).
The standard Welsh spelling for this local form is Treharn (or more accurately
Trehárn, to indicate the unusual accentuation). It has been ‘Englished’ by
adding a final ‘e’ – Treharne. In Gwentian, the [h] is lost, and thus we have
Treárn.
A note on genealogy.com (June 12, 2001 at 12:59:54) gives an interesting
example of the name:
Trearn Trearn was born 8 July 1820 at Merthyr Tydfill, Glamorgan, Wales. He and
his wife Elizabeth Arthur (married November 23, 1840 at the Parish Church of
Aberdare, Wales) came to the U.S. Their ship arrived 17 July 1841. Once in the
U.S. Trearn changed his name to Treharne Jones Sr. Treharne and Elizabeth died
in Lucas County, Iowa and is buried there as well. I would like to find out if
Treharne or Elizabeth had any brothers or sisters. I’m also looking for more
information on Treharne’s father John Treharne. Elizabeth’s father was Thomas Arthur
and was a mason but I have no further information.
Treharne and Elizabeth had 8 children.They are: Anna (1846-1936), John T.
(1849-1936), Thomas J. (1851-1927), Elizabeth (1853-1921), Treharne Jr.
(1858-1891), Jennett (1860-1936), William Ellsworth (1862-1931), and David
Lincoln (1865-1935).
I am looking for information on any of these people and their
ancestors/descendants.
http://www.genealogy.com/forum/regional/countries/topics/wales/5805/
(Interestingly, in the above account, we see a traditional family forename used
with a surname that had originally been a patronymic, thus giving an identical forename and surname;
other examples abound in Wales, such as Morgan Morgan, Llewellyn Llewellyn,
Howell Howell, Leyshon Leyshon, etc; in a patronymic system it is unlikely
(though not impossible) for such names as Morgan ab Morgan, Llywelyn ab
Llywelyn, Hywel ab Hywel, Lleision ab Lleision. It is at least the grandfather’s
name which is being passed on (hence Morgan ab Gwilym ab Morgan, for example).
Treran Trearn Englished his name by using ‘Treharne’ and apparently his
father’s forename John as a surname Jones.)
(Other spellings: Trahaearn, Trearn, Treharn, Treharne)
Tredēcar [trɛˡde·kar] (nf) town name (= standard Welsh Tredegar [trɛˡde·gar])
Transferred name from the house named Tredegar by
Casnewydd / Newport.
Also in the clipped form Dēcar [ˡde·kar].
The name of the town is a shortened form of
‘Tredegar Iron Works’, i.e. the Iron Works on land belonging to the Tredegar
Estate by Casnewydd / Newport.
(delwedd 5962)
(TREF = settlement) + soft mutation + (TEGYR forename,
‘fair king’) > TREDEGYR > TREDEGER > (Gwentian TREDEGAR > TREDECAR)
treio [ˡtrəiɔ]) (v) try (= standard Welsh ceisio [ˡkrəiʃɔ])
Also trīo [ˡtri·ɔ]
From English TRY [trai] > (TREI) + (-IO verbal suffix)
> TREIO
treisho [ˡtrəiʃɔ]) (v) overwork (= standard Welsh gorweithio [gɔrˡwəiθjɔ]) (GPC)
Also trīsho [ˡtri·ʃɔ]
trīsho’ch ūnan overwork yourself (= treisio’ch hunan)
Standard Welsh TREISIO [ˡtrəiʃjɔ] (= oppress, conquer) > Gwentian
TREISHO [ˡtrəiʃɔ] / TRISHO [ˡtri·ʃɔ]. From TRAIS (= violence).
Trē-lyn [tre·ˡlɪn] (nf) village name; English name Fleur-de-lys (French = lily
flower), formerly Flower de luce. It seems however that Tre-lyn was a part of
the village of Flower de luce (= standard Welsh Tre-lyn [tre·ˡlɪn])
(Delwedd 5959)
trēni [ˡtre·nɪ] (nm) pìty (= standard Welsh trueni [trɪˡe·nɪ])
(Other spellings: treni)
treulo [ˡtrəilɔ]) (v) spend (= standard Welsh treulio [ˡtrəiljɔ])
Also trūlo [ˡtri·lɔ]
trī [tri:] (num m) three (=
standard Welsh tri [tri:])
nī ÿn trī,
nī’n trī we three (= ni ein tri)
tric [trɪk] (nm) trick (= standard Welsh tric [trɪk], ystryw [ˡəstrɪʊ])
tricia [ˡtrɪkja], tricsis [ˡtrɪksɪs] (pl) tricks
(= standard Welsh triciau [ˡtrɪkjaɪ], ystrywiau [əˡstrɪʊjaɪ])
trīco [ˡtri·kɔ]) (v) die (= standard Welsh trigo [ˡtri·gɔ])
Y Trīdwr [ə ˡtri·dʊr] (nm) apparently a short name
for Abertridwr (confluence of the three
streams) (Y Darian 29-06-1916)
(although one might expect this to be Yr
Āpar, ’Rāpar; or Trītwr. See quote below.)
(delwedd 5615)
Y Darian. 20 Ebrill 1916. “Cefn Onn”. Mae'r golygfeydd yn amrywiol o'r fangre
hon, ac yn ddiddorol iawn. Gellir canfod trigle eich gohebydd, “Dewi Aur."
Yr oeddem flynyddau yn ol yn lled gyfarwydd ag ef. Y mae wedi treulio llawer
o'i hamser ynghymdog aeth can a llen, ac wedi bod yn eisteddfodwr pybyr. Da
gennym ei fod yn parhau mor selog dros gadwraeth ein hen iaith annwyl, ac nad
yw'r awen wedi distewi yn hollol, a'i fod yn anfon ambell i bishin pedair lein
(sef yr enw sydd gan “Dafydd y Crydd" ar englyn) pan yn gohebu i'r
"Darian." Ond paham y geilw Dewi y lle "Y Tridwr” yn hytrach
na rhoi iddo i hen enw, “Abertridwr." I'm tyb i mae hwn yn swnio yn fwy
barddonol. Trueni mawr yw gadael i'r hen enwau fyned ar goll. Ni fydd pobl yr
oes nesaf yn gwybod dim am danynt. Mae Cwm yr Aber yn gyfoethog mewn hen enwau swynol y
dylid gwneud pob ymdrech i'w cadw mewn cof. Ceir yma y “Gwlaw-nant,"
“Beidy'r Wch," “Garth," "Craig yr Hufen”, etc. Clywais... (But
why does Dewi call the place “Y Tridwr”
trimwth [ˡtrɪmʊθ] (nm) vivid imagination. (=
standard Welsh trumwedd [ˡtrɪmwɛð] = appearance, from,
outline; ridge, hill; (trum = ridge, gwedd = appearance))
“Trimwth - Vivid imagination”. Cardiff
Times. 3 Hydref / October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to
Glamorgan. Cadrawd.
trīo [ˡtri·ɔ] (v) try. See treio
[ˡtrəiɔ]
trīn [tri:n] (v) 1/ treat; 2/ handle; 3/ discuss; 4/ run down,
criticise (= standard Welsh trin [tri:n])
trīn tīcyn ar y beirniad
to criticise (somewhat) the (eisteddfod) adjudicator (‘treat + a bit + on)
trīn matar y streic discuss the matter of the strike
trīn y mandral
work as a collier (‘handle the mandrel / pick’)
trip [trɪp] (nm) 1/ steep hill, rise
(= standard Welsh rhiw [hriu]) 2/ road going up a
steep hill (= standard Welsh rhiw [hriu], heol [he·ɔl])
ōdd
a’n byw ar y trip sȳdd rint yr eclws a'r Bryn he lived on the hill between the church and (the house /
farm called) Y Bryn
dod
i lawr i’r trip come down the
hill
dringad
lan ī ben y trip
climb up to the summit of the road
trō [tro:] (nm) 1/ turn 2/ time (= standard Welsh
tro [tro:])
rw̄
drō ēb fōd yn īr sometime soon (‘some time
without being long’)
trōd [tro:d] (nf) foot (= standard Welsh troed [trɔɪd]) (Note: masculine in North Wales, and generally
in standard Welsh)
trād [tra:d] (pl) feet (= standard Welsh traed [traɪd])
ūn
drōd
one foot
ī
drōd wīth
his left foot
ī
thrōd ddē
her right foot
roi’ch trōd lawr put your foot down (= be firm, insist)
ar ých trād ā’ch dūlo on all fours, on your hands and knees (“on your feet and
hands”)
trotnoth [ˡtrɔtnɔθ] (adj) barefoot (=
standard Welsh troednoeth [ˡtrɔɪdnɔɪθ])
cērad yn drotnoth walk barefoot
(GPC)
trūlo [ˡtri·lɔ] (v) spend. See treulo
[ˡtrəilɔ]
trwmpyn [ˡtrʊmpɪn] (nm) good friend, firm friend, loyal friend (=
standard Welsh cyfaill da [ˡkəvaɪɬ
ˡda:])
Feminine form: trwmpan [ˡtrʊmpan] (= standard Welsh cyfeilles dda [kəˡvəɪɬɛs ˡða:])
trwmps [trʊmps] good friends (= standard Welsh cyfeillion da [kəˡvəɪɬjɔn ˡda:])
mà
fē, ā fī, yn ddou drwmpyn him and me are the best of friends
bōd
yn drwmps be good friends
English TRUMP (= a fine person) < TRUMP (= name of a
card game; card which is designated as one that outranks other cards in a card
game) < 1500+ variant of TRIUMPH
Merriam-Webster
Dictionary gives one definition of trump as ‘a
dependable and exemplary person’
(delwedd 5935)
|
Tarian y Gweithiwr 27 Awst 1896. "Y TRWMPYN." Y mae yn bleser genyf hysbysu darllenwyr y DARIAN am y llyfr uchod. Dyma lyfr newydd spon, gan awdwr poblogaidd, sef “Bachan Ifanc y
DARIAN." Dyma'r Trwmpyn goreu yn y deyrnas. Od oes ar neb eisieu
meddyginiaeth at wella anhwylderau megys Diffyg Treuliad, Iselder ysbryd,
Poen yn y Cefn, salwch, Cur yn y Pen, a Phrudd-ddaragoniadau, &c., pryned
y "Trwmpyn," pris tair ceiniog, ac fe geir rhywbeth a fydd o les
mawr. Yn hwn, ceir gweled y Bachan Ifanc yn ei ddillad goreu, fel Chwi ferched a bechgyn, ‘O'r Gwyn ag e,' medd bechgyn, Gobeithio yr ä wrth y canoedd. Dangoswn ein hunain yn drwmps i r
"Trwmpyn.” JOHN JUDGE. Tarian y Gweithiwr (‘The
Shield of the Workman’) 27 August 1896 "Y TRWMPYN."
(the good friend) I am delighted to inform readers
of Y Darian about the aforementioned book. This is a brand new book, by a
popular author, namely "Bachan Ifanc y Darian." (= the Y Darian
columnist ‘Bachan Ifanc’ = young lad). This is the best Trwmpyn (good friend)
in the kingdom. If anyone requires medication to cure their complaints like
Indigestion, Low Spirits, Depression, Back Pain, Sickness, Headache, and ill
forebodings, etc., let them buy the "Trwmpyn," price three pence,
and they’ll have something that will be of great benefit . In it the Bachan
Ifanc can be seen in his best clothes, as always, true to form (‘as he
himself’), entertaining with amusement (‘entertaining amusement’). If you
want a true companion, buy the "Trwmpyn," (‘good friend’) and no
one will regret doing so (‘will be regretful because of it’. It's fun to read
at the end of the day (‘it’s funny after daylight’). Ye women and boys, Oh! buy the 'Trwmpyn,' It's really entertaining; It contains enjoyable
(‘tasty’) things, To go ahead easily, In the company of the
‘little beauties’ And it’s coinspiring /
encouraging (‘comfortable’) Funny and excellent. Good old Gwyn (‘From the
Gwyn with him’) (the author is Myfyr Wyn,
pen-name of William Williams, born Twyn-star, Tredegar 1849, died Aber-dâr
1900); Myfyr = saint’s name, as in Llanfyfyr (anglicised as Llanover) sas
boys, When reading the book
'Trwmpyn,' Making them laugh The ‘little beauties’. Wil, Dai, and Shoni say: 'Well, it’s neatly
explained (‘here it is tidy’), 'I'm ready to go courting Little beauties. ' I hope it will go (= will
sell) by the hundred. Let us show ourselves to be firm friends of the
"Trwmpyn." JOHN JUDGE. |
trwnc [trʊŋk] (nm)
urine, piss (= standard Welsh troeth [trɔɪθ], wrin
[ˡu·rɪn], piso
[ˡpɪsɔ])
“esgyn i fynu idd y siambr, a dymchwelyd Ilestr yn
llawn trwngc uwch ben ystafell Ile'r oedd Cryddion yn gweithiaw...” / go up to the bedroom a pour a pot full of urine
above the room where shoemakers were at work...
Perllan Gwyno. 1832. Ieuan Ab Gwyno, Llanwyno (= standard Welsh Llanwynno), Gynt O Dòn-Yr-Efail
(= standard Welsh o Donyrefail). (In this
example, either a survival of this obsolete word in Gwentian, or a literary word
– it is found in William Owen-Pughe’s Dictionary 1803)
Origin unknown; probably British > Welsh
trŵp [tru:p] (eg) 1/ large group, small crowd, crew (= standard
Welsh torf [tɔrv]) 2/ flock, herd (= standard Welsh haid [haɪd])
trŵp ō ddynon a large group of men
From English TROOP
trwyn [truin] (nm) nose (= standard Welsh trwyn [truin])
trwyna [ˡtruina] (pl) (= standard Welsh trwynau [ˡtruinaɪ])
(Other forms and spellings: thrwyna, drwyna)
tryfāru [trəˡva·rɪ] (v) regret.
See difaru [dɪˡva·rɪ]
tsh Welsh
spelling of [ʧ]. Usually in words of English origin. The standard spelling
often has ts [ts] at the end of a word,
in fact representing an older (and nowadays obsolete) pronunciation.
pats
/ patsh; Gwentian patsh (= place where surface mineral ore is extracted)
mats
/ matsh; Gwentian matsh (= sports competition)
Initially, and medially, in standard Welsh spelling, as tsi. e.g. tseina [ˡʧəɪna] (= china, porcelain);
in representing colloquial bwtsiwr [ˡbʊʧʊr], standard cigydd
[ˡki·gɪð]
tshain [ʧaɪn] (nf) chain. (= standard Welsh cadwyn [ˡkadwɪn])
tshainz
[ʧaɪnz]
(pl) (= standard Welsh cadwyni [kadˡkuɪnɪ])
Also shain [ʃaɪn]
tshain
our
gold chain
From English CHAIN in its older
pronunciation [ʧaɪn],
now [ʧein].
(Other forms and spellings: tshaen,
tsiaen, tsiain)
tsháriti [ˡʧarɪtɪ] (eg) charity (= society) (=
standard Welsh elusen [ɛˡlɪsɛn])
tsháritiz [ˡʧarɪtɪz]
(pl) (= standard Welsh elusennau [ɛlɪˡsɛnaɪ])
From English CHARITY
(Other spellings: chariti, tshariti)
tshopan [ˡʧɔpan] (nf) chop (= standard Welsh golwyth [ˡgɔluiθ])
tshops
[ʧɔps] (pl) chops
(= standard Welsh golwythau [gɔˡluiθaɪ])
tshopan ō gīg ōn a lamb chop
From English CHOP; (TSHOP = chop) + (-EN diminutive suffix) > TSHOPEN (>
TSHOPAN)
(Other spellings: tsiopan, tsiopen)
tshêp [ʧe:p] (adj) cheap (= standard Welsh rhad [ˡhra:d])
Also siep [ʃɛp],
siêp [ʃɛp], tshep [ʧɛp]
tshops [ʧɔps] (eg) chops = mouth (= standard Welsh ceg [ce:g])
From English CHOPS = jaws, mouth. Noted in GPC.
tshopsan [ˡʧɔpsan] (v) prattle (= standard Welsh clebran [ˡklɛbran])
(TSHOPS = mouth) + (verb suffix -AN, often indicating continuous activity)
Cf. chopsing = arguing (25 English words and phrases you only hear in Wales /
Wales Online / 04-05-2014)
tw̄ll [tu:ɬ] (nm) hole (= standard Welsh twll [tu:ɬ)]
tw̄ll ō lē hole = a shabby or unattractive place (a house
or a village / town); dump
ō’n
nī’n
synni
fōd a wēdi cǣl ī ēni mwn shẁd dw̄ll ō lē we were surprised that he was born in such a
hole
Twm [tʊm] (nm) Tom, Tommy (= standard Welsh Twm [tʊm])
From English TUM (= Thomas)
Twmi [ˡtʊmɪ] (nm) Tom, Tommy (= standard Welsh Twmi [ˡtʊmɪ])
(TWM) + (-I diminutive suffix)
twmp [tʊmp] (nm) 1/ hillock (= standard Welsh bryncyn [ˡbrəŋkɪn]; 2/ mound, pile (=
standard Welsh pentwr [ˡpɛntʊr]); 3/ lump (= standard Welsh lwmp [lʊmp], lwmpyn [ˡlʊmpɪn])
twmpa [ˡtʊmpa] (pl) (= standard Welsh bryncynnau [brəŋˡkɪnaɪ];
(= standard Welsh pentyrrau [pɛnˡtəraɪ];
(= standard Welsh lympiau [ˡlɛmpjaɪ])
Y Twmp 1/ SO3518 name of a farm in
Llangatwg Lingoed 2/ farm in Mynyddislwyn
NOTE: (Herefordshire dialect) Tump: heap of anything or small, round hill
Hereford Times / 12 December 2015 / http://www.herefordtimes.com/news/14140019.55_long_lost_Herefordshire_sayings_and_words/
Tump A mound (any size).
Dialect Words from North Somerset 2015 Vince Russett
http://www.ycccart.co.uk/index_htm_files/Dialect%20words%20in%20reports-2.pdf
ORIGIN:
From English TUMP
(delwedd
5956)
twmpyn [ˡtʊmpɪn] (nm) 1/ mound, pile (= standard
Welsh pentwr [ˡpɛntʊr]); (= standard Welsh bryncyn [ˡbrəŋkɪn]) 2/ lump (=lwmp [lʊmp], lwmpyn [ˡlʊmpɪn])
twmpyn
sand a mound
of sand
(TWMP = mound) + (-YN diminutive suffix)
> TYMPYN (> Gwentian TWMPYN)
(Other forms and spellings: dwmpyn,
thwmpyn, twmpin, dwmpin, thwmpin)
twrf [tʊrv] (nm) noise (= standard Welsh dwndwr [ˡdʊndʊr]), sŵn [su:n])
tyrfa [ˡtərva] (pl) noises;
thunder (= noises: synau [ˡsənaɪ]; thunder: taranau
[taˡranaɪ])
twt [tʊt] (adj) neat, tidy (= standard Welsh cymen [ˡkəmɛn], testlus [ˡtɛstlɪs])
twtan [ˡtʊtan]
(nf) small woman (= standard Welsh benyw fechan [ˡbɛniu ˡvɛxan]) (GPC)
(TWT) + (-EN diminutive suffix) >
*TYTEN > TWTEN > (> Gwentian TWTAN)
twtyn [ˡtʊtɪn] (nm) (GPC) small man (=
standard Welsh dyn
bychan [di:n ˡbəxan])
(TWT) + (-YN diminutive suffix) >
*TYTIN (> Gwentian TWTYN)
twyn [tuɪn] (nm) 1/ hillock, hill (now usually only in
place names) (= standard Welsh bryncyn [ˡbrəŋkɪn]; bryn [brɪn])
twyni#, twyna# [ˡtuɪnɪ,
ˡtuɪna] (pl) (= standard Welsh bryniau [ˡbrənjaɪ])
Twynrotyn# [tuɪnˡro·tɪn] (nm) village name (presumed
form) (= Twynyrodyn [ˡtuɪn ər ˡo·dɪn]
The form below at least represents ‘Twynrodyn’: (‘rh’ through hypercorrection.
Cf Rugos > Rhigos).
(delwedd 5777)
tŷ [ti:] (nm) house (= tŷ [ti:])
tai [taɪ] (pl) houses (= tai [taɪ])
tyfarna [təˡvarna] > tafarna > tafarn
tyla [ˡtəla] (nm) hill (= bryn [brɪn], tyle [ˡtəlɛ])
Tyla-glǣs, farm by Gelli-gaer
(c.1782: Tylla Glase)
Tylacēlyn Road, Pen-y-graig (this would be ‘Ewl Tylacēlyn’ in
Gwentian)
Also: tila [ˡtɪla]
Cefntila Bǣch (on maps as Cefn Tilla
Bach)
rural dwelling house from 1616
(‘Centila’ might be expected as a local form, but no instance of it is as yet
known)
Carn y Tila, Abertyswg (‘cairn of
the hill / on the hill’)
tyrn [tərn] (nm) shift (= sifft [ʃɪft], twrn [tʊrn])
tyrnz [tərnz] (pl) (= sifftiau [ʃɪftjaɪ], tyrniau [ˡtərnjaɪ])
tyrnas [ˡtərnas] (nf) kingdom (= teyrnas [ˡtəɪrnas]
trw’r dyrnas throughout the kingdom
tysa [ˡtəsa] (v) if it were (= pe buasai [pe: bɪˡasaɪ]
Also in the reduced form sà
sà
ynny’n bosib, sà ’ny’n bosib if
that were possible
ūcha [ˡi·xa] (adj) upper, uppermost, top
(= uchaf [ˡi·xav])
Also ycha [ˡəxa]
shà
pen ycha'r cwm ’ma at the top end
of this valley
ūchal [ˡi·xaɬ] (adj) high (= uchel [ˡi·xɛl])
Also ychal [ˡəxaɬ]
unfrytol [ɪnˡvrətɔl] (adj) unanimous (= unfrydol [ɪnˡvrədɔl])
(BRYD = mind), (UNFRYD = one mind) +
(-OL adjectival suffix) > UNFRYDOL (> Gwentian INFRYTOL)
(Other spellings: unfrytol, hunfrytol)
urto [ˡɪrtɔ]
(v) confuse (= drysu [ˡ drəsɪ], hurtio [ˡhirtjɔ])
(HURT = confused) + (verbal suffix -IO)
> HURTIO > Gwentian HURTO > URTO
Uwco [ˡiukɔ] (nm) Hugh (= Huwco [ˡhiukɔ])
(HUW = Hugh) + (-CO diminutive suffix)
> HUWCO > Gwentian UWCO (loss of initial H)
w In words borrowed from
English, a final-syllable ‘o’ becomes w [ʊ] generally in Welsh
ACTION > acshwn
Also in certain place names:
*Morgannog > Morgannwg
ẁ A short ‘w’ in a long-vowel environment.
1/ Usually in loanwords from English.
mẁd [mʊd] (nm) mud (= llaid [ɬaɪd])
2/ Sometimes in native words:
ẁth (reduced from wrth = by, near; while)
wāfo [ˡwa·vɔ] (v) 1/ to wave 2/ work hard (= chwifio [ˡxwɪvjɔ])
wāfo’n fìdir work very hard
English WAVE (WAF-) + (-IO verbal suffix) > WAFIO >
WAFO
wāra [ˡwa·ra] (v) play; (nm) play (= chwarae [ˡxwa·raɪ])
’wāra tēg [ˡwa·ra ˡte:g]
(phrase) fair play (= chwarae teg [ˡxwa·raɪ ˡte:g])
’wāra tēg, āchan! (= chwarae teg, fachgen)
fair play, my friend!
’wāra tēg ī tī fair play to you (= I have
to grant that what you did or said was right)
(1) In the south, chw is reduced to hw, and in the
south-east, the ‘h’ disappears
(2) A final ae [ai] is colloquially e. Along a
broad south-west to north-east axis, it remains as e, but in the
south-east, a final e > a.
cǣl wāra tēg ī get to do something
(according to one’s wishes)
The English idiom is seen in
John Gill - Perfections of God, a Standing rule to Try all Doctrines and
Expereience – 1770.
(delwedd 5921)
Rowch
wāra tēg īddyn-nẁ be fair to them,
treat them fairly ‘give fair play to them’
wast [wast] (adj)
waste (= gwastraff
[ˡgwastraf])
papir wast
waste paper
From English WAST [wast] (a
variant of WASTE [waast], now [weist]). The English word is from Anglo-French
WAST, of Germanic origin (Old Frankish). The German cognate is ‘die Wüste’
(wasteland, desert); the Latin cognate is VASTUS (waste, desert).
wàth [waθ] (conj) because (= oherwydd [ɔˡhɛrwið])
From
O WAITH (= because) < (O = conjunction; from, of) + soft mutation + (GWAITH
= time, occasion), literally (‘ from + occasion’).
watsho [ˡwaʧɔ] (v) watch (= edrych ar [ˡɛdrɪx ar]
fel
cǣth yn watsho llygōtan like a cat watching a mouse
English WATCH [waʧ], an older pronunciation, now [wɔʧ].
(WATSH-)
+ (-IO verbal suffix) > WATSHIO > WATSHO
w̄ch [u:x] (nf) sow (= hwch [hu:x])
(delwedd 5632)
Y Darian. 20 Ebrill 1916. “Cefn Onn”. ...yn
gwybod dim am danynt. Mae Cwm yr Aber yn gyfoethog mewn hen enwau swynol y
dylid gwneud pob ymdrech i'w cadw mewn cof. Ceir yma y “Gwlaw-nant,"
“Beidy'r Wch," “Garth," "Craig yr Hufen”, etc. Clywais...
wēch [we:x] (num) six (= chwech [xwe:x])
weitan [ˡwəɪtan] (v) wait (= aros [ˡa·rɔs])
cātw
pawb ī weitan keep everybody
waiting
wejan [ˡwɛʤan] (nf) 1/ girl, woman (= merch [mɛrx]) 2/ girlfriend (= cariad [ˡkarjad] (nf))
wāra tēg ī’r
wejan fǣch give the old girl her due (Y
Darian 25 Ionawr 1917. Chwaraeteg i’r wedjen fach) (in refernce to the wife who
has done something that her husband has requested of her though usually she
ignores him).
wep [wɛp] (nf) face (= gwep [gwɛp], gwyneb [ɔˡhɛrwɪð])
wǣr [wɛ:r] (nf) sister (= chwair [xwaɪr])
’wiōrydd [wɪˡo·rɪð]
(pl) (= chwiorydd
[xwɪˡo·rɪð])
mā
nẁ’n ddwy ’wǣr they’re sisters (‘they are two sisters’)
werthin [ˡwɛrθɪn] (v) laugh (= chwerthin [ˡxwɛrθɪn])
Also ‘’wyrthin
[ˡwərθɪn]
’werthn fel ffw̄l laugh uncontrollably (‘laugh like a fool’)
’wyrthin fel sà collad arno
laugh as though he was mad (‘as if there was a madness on him’)
wǣth pwy [ˡwɛ:θ ˡpuɪ] (phrase) it doesn’t matter who; (as a byname) anonymous
(= ni
waeth pwy [ˡni: ˡwaɪθ ˡpuɪ])
(NI = not) + soft mutation + (GWAETH = worse) +
PWY (= who)
wērw [ˡwe·rʊ] (nf) bitter (= chwerw [ˡxwe·rʊ])
wet [wɛt] (nf) drink (= diod [ˡdi·ɔd])
From informal English WET (noun) (= a drink)
ī gǣl wet fǣch cyn shapo
i shà thrē (i gal whet fach cyn shapo i sha thre) (= to have a little
drink before going off home) Aberdare Leader 15-11-1919)
wētyn [ˡwe·tɪn] (adv) afterwards (= wedyn [ˡwe·dɪn])
w̄ ī [ˡu: i:, u: ˡi:] (v) that I am (=wyf [uiv],
wyf fī [uiv ˡvi:])
-Pwy wyt tī? – Isaac Lewis w̄
ī, syr (Isaac Lewis wyf, syr)
w̄ī [ˡu: i:] (v) I am (=yr wyf [ər ˡuiv], yr
wyf fī [ər uiv ˡvi:])
wī [ˡwi:] (nm) egg (= wy [uɪ])
wīa [wi·a] (pl) (= wyau [ˡuɪaɪ])
mashgal wī eggshell
wī shop illegitimate child
(‘shop egg, egg [from a] shop, egg [bought at a] shop’)
(= plentyn siawns [ˡ plɛntɪn ˡʃauns] = chance
child)
wīa ffrōcod frogspawn
(‘eggs (of) frogs’) (= grifft llyffant [grɪft ˡɬəfant]) (= spawn (of) (a)
frog’)
wīlo [ˡwi·lɔ] (v) look for, seek (= chwilio [ˡxwɪljɔ])
’wīlo am i grȳs to look
for his shirt
wilia [ˡwɪlja] (v) talk (= siarad [ˡʃa·rad])
Bēth tī’n wilia? What are you talking about? (i.e. what nonsense are you
telling me?)
wimlid [ˡwɪmlɪd] (v) move (= symud [ˡsəmɪd])
In the North the equivalent verb is “chwimiad”. In the South the basic
form is “chwimlo”, with an intrusive “l”. Colloquially it is ‘hwimled’ in the
South-west.
winc [wɪŋk] (nf) wink (= amrantaid [amˡrantjad])
English WINK
wincad [ˡwɪŋkad] (nm) wink, the wink of an eye (= amrantiad [amˡrantjad])
miwn bothdi wincad in the wink of an eye, in an instant (in + about + (a)
wink)
(WINC-, stem of WINCIO = to wink) + (-IAD noun suffix)
> WINCIAD > WINCAD
winco [ˡwɪŋkɔ] (v) to wink (= amrantaid [amˡrantjad])
winco ar to wink at
(WINC) + (-IO verb suffix) > WINCIO > WINCO
winna [ˡwɪna] (v) I too have, (= yr wyf innau [ər uɪv ˡɪnaɪ])
wiōrydd [wɪˡo·rɪð] (pl) sisters. See wǣr [wɛ:r]
wīr [wi:r] (adv) truly (= yn wir [ən ˡwi:r])
on’ wir ddyn but really mun
wishgi [ˡwɪʃgɪ] (nm) whiskey (= chwisgi [ˡxwɪsgɪ])
īfad wishgi to drink whiskey
wīth [wi:θ] (nm, adj) left (= chwith [xwi:θ])
ar yr ōchor wīth on the
left, on the left-hand side
wītha [ˡwi·θa] (adv) sometimes (= weithiau [ˡwəɪθjaɪ])
wnna [ˡʊna] that there, that thing there, that person there (= hwnna [ˡhʊna])
ORIGIN: hwn yna (this + there)
wnnw [ˡʊnʊ] (he - the male or the object of masculine
gender mentioned but not present) (= hwnnw [ˡhʊnʊ]
wntw [ˡʊntʊ] (nm) southerner (= person from South Wales) (= deheuwr [dɛˡhəɪʊr], hwntw [ˡhʊntʊ])
wntws [ˡʊntʊs] (pl) southerners (= deheuwyr [dɛˡhəɪwɪr], hwntws [ˡhʊntʊs])
wopra [ˡwɔpra] (pl) soft-mutated form of gwopra (= prizes). See gwōpor
(= prize).
wrni [ˡʊrnɪ] (v) snore (= chwyrnu [ˡxwərnɪ]
ŵtar [ˡu·tar] (nm) hooter (= hwter [ˡhu·tɛr])
’wteri# [ʊˡte·rɪ]
(pl) (= hwteri [hʊˡte·rɪ])
wthnos [ˡʊθnɔs] (nf) week (= wythnos [ˡuɪθnɔs])
rwthnos ’yn this week
wyl [uɪl] (nf) fun (= hwyl [huɪl])
cǣl wyl ddisprad have great fun
ŵyn [uin] lambs. See ōn
[o:n]) = lamb
wynab [ˡwɪnab] (nm) face (= wyneb [ˡwɪnɛb])
wynepa [wəˡne·pa] (pl) (= wynebau
[wɪˡne·baɪ])
Other forms and spellings: whynepa, wynepe
y [ə]
1 reduced form of a vowel in a tonic syllable
stymog < stumog (=
stomach)
2 reduced form of a vowel in a pretonic syllable
cyffyla < ceffylau (=
horses)
sgryfennu
< sgrifennu < ysgrifennu
y [ə] (definite article)
1/ the (= y [ə])
pont, y bont bridge, the bridge
Before a vowel it is yr [ər] (= yr [ər])
ōchor, yr ōchor side, the
side
gardd, yr ardd garden, the garden
2/ used in vocatives:
paid ācor d’ēna,
yr idiot don’t open your mouth, you
idiot; don’t say a word, you idiot
ÿ [ə] In this dictionary the ÿ indicates a schwa where
standard Welsh spelling would suggest a long or short i [i:, i].
Most often, such words are from English.
Normally in standard Welsh this is indicated by ỳ,
but since we use this to indicate a short vowel instead of long, we have resorted to ÿ.
bÿs [bəs] a bus
ffÿs [fəs] fuss
rÿn [rən] run
slÿm [sləm] slum
ÿch [əx] your
ÿn [ən] particle; preposition = in
ÿs [əs] as
ÿs [əs] reduced form of òs [ɔs] = if
ÿch [əx] your (= eich [əx], and very formally – but historically incorrectly – as
[əɪx], which is in fact a spelling pronunciation)
ÿch promis-chì your promise
ycha [ˡəxa] (adj) upper, uppermost, highest, top (= uchaf [ˡu·xav]) See ūcha
ychal [ˡəxal] (adj) high (= uchel [ˡu·xɛl]) See ūchal
yfad
also īfad
yfad cw̄rw
yfryd [ˡəvrɪd] (adj) pleasant (= hyfryd [ˡhəvrɪd])
yfrytwch [əˡvrətʊx] (nm) pleasure (= hyfrydwch [əˡvrətʊx])
ymlaen [əˡmlaɪn] (adv) forward
Gwentian: ymlaen > ’mlaen [mlaɪn]
> ’mlān
[mla:n] > mlǣn [mlɛ:n]
dēra mlǣn! [ˡde·ra ˡmlɛ:n] come on!
yn [ɪn] (pn, adj) this (= hyn [hɪn])
rwthnos yn this week
yn y pentra yn here in the village
(= ‘in this village’)
(The missing h is indicated by an apostrophe in order to differentiate it from
the preposition yn [ə)]. In other cases, the missing [h] is not indicated – ewl (= hewl, heol), annar (= hanner), etc)
yno [ˡənɔ] (adv) 1/ there = in the place mentioned (= yno [ˡənɔ])
Also ’no [nɔ] (loss of first syllable, although it
is the tonic syllable)
ynotrwdd [əˡnɔtrʊð] (nm) 1/ unique quality; 2/ strangeness, eccentricity (=
hynodrwydd
[həˡnɔdrʊið])
ynys [ˡənɪs] (nf) 1/ island 2/ (place names) riverside meadow, water
meadow (= ynys
[ˡənɪs])
Ynys-y-bŵl [ˡənɪs ə ˡbu:l] village name (= Ynys-y-bŵl [ˡənɪs ə ˡbu:l])
Short name: Yr
Ynys [ər ˡənɪs]
Handbook Of The Origin Of Place-Names Of
Wales And Monmouthshire. Rev. Thomas Morgan. 1911.
Ynysybwl. — A corruption, perhaps, of Ynys-y-pwll, the island near the pit; or,
perhaps, the suffix is pwl, unprofitable. We are inclined to think the right
wording is Ynys-y-bêl, which signifies the ball-meadow. It was in olden times a
famous rendezvous for ball-players.
NOTE: the actual etymology is (YNYS =
water meadow) + (Y = definite article) + (BŴL = bowl for playing skittles
– perhaps used in the sense of ‘game of bowls / game of skittles’)
ypar clàs [ˡəpar ˡklas] (nm) upper
class (= dosbarth uchel [ˡdɔsbarθ ˡi·xɛl])
(Other spellings: upar clas)
yp tw dic [ˡəp tʊ ˡdɪk]
(adv) upper class (= dosbarth uchel [ˡdɔsbarθ ˡi·xɛl])
(Other spellings: upar clas)
From EnglishUP TO DICK (Victorian slang;
= not fooled, not taken in; wide-awake, artful)..
(Also spelt: up to dic, up to dick)
ypseto [əpˡsɛtɔ] (v) upset
(= gofidio [gɔˡvɪdjɔ])
From English UPSÉT (YPSÉT) + (-IO verbal suffix) >
YPSETIO > YPSETO
yr [ər] (definite article) the (= yr [ər])
Before a tonic syllable beginning with a vowel, yr may be reduced to [r] which
acts as a proclitic
yn yr ysgol in the school, at school
yn rysgol in the school, at school
Cf south-west Wales place name (various places) Dan-yr-allt > Dan-rallt
(‘below the wood’)
Also in North Wales (various places) Glanyrafon > Glanrafon (‘riverside’,
‘riverbank’)
ÿs [əs] (conj) if (= os [ɔs])
Reduced from òs [ɔs]
ÿs [əs] (conj) as (= fel
[vɛl])
ÿs gwētws ‘as
+ did say, as + said’
mà pōb dīcyn bǣch yn elp, ÿs gwētws y
dryw bǣch ẁth bisho yn y môr
every little bit helps, as the wren said as he pissed in the sea
ORIGIN: Probably the English conjunction as [az, əz]
ysbryd [ˡəsbrɪd] (nm) 1/ spirit;
2/ ghost (= ysbryd [ˡəsbrɪd])
sprytion [ˡsbrətjɔn]
(= ysbrydion [əˡsbrədjɔn])
mà’r ēn eclws yn llawn ò sprytion
the old church is full of ghosts, is haunted
yscetyn [əˡskɛtɪn] (adv) some time ago (= ers cetyn [ers ˡskɛtɪn])
ysgol [ˡəsgɔl] (nf) school (= ysgol [ˡəsgɔl])
yn yr ysgol in the school, at school
yn rysgol in the school, at school
Yr Ystrad [ər ˡəstrad] (nm) short form for place names with
‘ystrad’ (broad valley) as a first element (= Yr Ystrad [ər ˡəstrad])
1/ Ystradgynlais
Note: An expected colloquial form (though not confirmed
in thisd case) is Rystrad, as in other parts of Wales.
z the letter symbol for zed. Said wrongly
by some not to exist in Welsh (from a misconception that as it is not in the
traditional Welsh alphabet and neither is it in the standard pronunciation it
must have no place in Welsh), but it is well-established in the southern
dialects and seems to have been introduced in the 1800s through English
influence, if only recently in northern Welsh, the north-west having better
resisted the imposition of English, through the incorporation of English words
with [z]. Often as a plural suffix – tyrnz,
etc
trywzuz, trywzeri (GPC) pair of trousers, pairs of
trousers
Capel Nazareth, Bryncethin
cf Heol Nazareth, Pont-iets, Sir
Gaerfyrddin
Ebenezer, Garth
zèd [zɛd] (nf) zed, name of a letter (=
zèd [zɛd])
zeta# [ˡzɛta] (pl) (= zediau [ˡzɛdjaɪ])
zw̄ [zu:] (nm) zoo (= sŵ [su:])
zw̄z # [ˡzu:z] (pl) zoo (=
sŵau [ˡsu:aɪ])
....
Sumbolau:
a A / æ Æ / e E / ɛ Ɛ / i I / o O / u U / w W
/ y Y /
MACRON: ā Ā / ǣ Ǣ / ē Ē / ɛ̄ Ɛ̄ / ī Ī / ō Ō / ū Ū / w̄ W̄ / ȳ Ȳ /
MACRON + DIDOLNOD Ǟ ǟ Ǟ ǟ yn lle Æ æ : y glymlythyren Ladin AE
BREF: ă Ă / ĕ Ĕ / ĭ Ĭ / ŏ
Ŏ / ŭ Ŭ / B5236: 
B5237: 
BREF GWRTHDRO ISOD: i̯, u̯
CROMFACHAU: ⟨ ⟩ deiamwnt
MACRON + ACEN DDYRCHAFEDIG: Ā̀
ā̀ , Ḗ ḗ, Ī́ ī́ , Ṓ ṓ ,
Ū́ ū́, (w), Ȳ́ ȳ́
MACRON + ACEN DDISGYNEDIG: Ǟ ǟ , Ḕ ḕ, Ī̀
ī̀, Ṑ ṑ, Ū̀ ū̀, (w), Ȳ̀ ȳ̀
MACRON ISOD: A̱ a̱ , E̱ e̱ , I̱ i̱ , O̱ o̱,
U̱ u̱, (w), Y̱ y̱
MACRON + DIDOLNOD Ǟ ǟ Ǟ ǟ yn lle Æ æ : y
glymlythyren Ladin AE
BREF: ă Ă /
ĕ Ĕ / ĭ Ĭ / ŏ Ŏ / ŭ Ŭ / B5236: 
B5237:
BREF GWRTHDRO ISOD: i̯, u̯
CROMFACHAU: ⟨ ⟩ deiamwnt
ẹ
ˡ ɑ ɑˑ aˑ a: / æ æ: / e eˑe:
/ ɛ ɛ: / ɪ iˑ i: / ɔ oˑ o: / ʊ uˑ u: / ə
/ ʌ /
ẅ Ẅ / ẃ Ẃ / ẁ Ẁ / ŵ Ŵ /
ŷ Ŷ / ỳ Ỳ / ý Ý / ɥ
ˡ ð ɬ ŋ ʃ ʧ θ ʒ ʤ / aɪ ɔɪ uɪ ɪʊ aʊ ɛʊ əʊ
/ £
ә ʌ ẃ ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ ẅ ẃ ẁ Ẁ ŵ ŷ ỳ Ỳ
Hungarumlaut: A̋ a̋
U+1EA0 Ạ U+1EA1 ạ
U+1EB8 Ẹ U+1EB9 ẹ
U+1ECA Ị U+1ECB ị
U+1ECC Ọ U+1ECD ọ
U+1EE4 Ụ U+1EE5 ụ
U+1E88 Ẉ U+1E89 ẉ
U+1EF4 Ỵ U+1EF5 ỵ
g
yn 
aith
δ δ
wikipedia, scriptsource. org
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