A Welsh to English Dictionary in page format
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_b_1039e.htm
Yr
Hafan / Home Page
..........2659e
Y Porth Saesneg / English Gateway to this Website
.....................0010e
Y Gwegynllun / Siteplan
..............................0417e
Geiriaduron / Dictionaries
........................................1813e
Geiriaduron yn Saesneg / Dictionaries in
English
....................................................1818e
Y mynegai
i'r geiriadur arlein hwn / Index to this online dictionary
.................................................................Y Tudalen Hwn
/ This Page
|
|
|
Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia
|
(delw 4666) |
∆
1580e
A | 1039e
B | 1735e
BR | 1018e
C | 1071e
CE | 1675e
CI | 1040e
CR | 1075e
CY | 1020e
D | 1674e
DI | 1072e
E | 1077e
F | 1021e
G | 1042e
GW | 1038e
H | 1676e
HY, I, J, K, | 1865e
L | 1022e
M | 1677e
MI | 1047e
N | 1600e
O | 1023e
P | 1073e
PL | 1026e
R |
1070e
S | 1024e
T |
1076e
TR | 1025e
U,V | 1731e
W, X | 1586e
Y, Z |
:_______________________________.
B, b ‹bee› feminine
noun
1)
second letter of the twenty-six letter Roman alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 d 5 e, 6 f, 7 g, 8 h, 9 i, 10 j, 11 k, 12 l, 13 m, 14 n, 15 o, 16 p, 17 q, 18 r, 19 s, 20 t, 21 u, 22 v, 23 w, 24 x, 25 y, 26 z
2) second letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y
:_______________________________.
b and m have interchanged in certain words. This in part may be
explained by the fact that both initial b and m soft-mutate to
f [v], and there has been confusion about the initial consonant of the
unmutated word – it seems to occur generally with feminine words, where such a
mutation would be frequent as it occurs after the definite article y
b < m
brawddeg (= sentence) < mrawddeg < amrawddeg
(am prefix = around) + (rhawdd = speech, talking) + (suffix –eg)
(y frawddeg = the sentence)
m < b
modfedd (= inch) < máwd-fedd <
báwd-fedd (bawd = thumb) + soft
mutation + (medd = measure)
(y fodfedd = the sentence)
menyw (=
woman) < benyw (cf Irish bean = woman)
(y fenyw = the woman)
In other cases, for example with certain names / titles, it is possibly the
result of confusion by infants
modryb (= aunt) > bodo, bopa (= auntie)
Maredudd (“Meredith”) > Bedo
:_______________________________.
b
1) British b ‹b› is f ‹v› in Welsh
abon- > afon (= river)
gob- > gof (= smith)
Sabrîna > Hafren (river name)
:_______________________________.
b
1) A final b, corresponding to an original p in British, is
equivalent to a final –c or –ch in Irish (and Scottish Gaelic and
Manx)
mab (< map-os) (= son),
Irish mac (= son)
crib (=
comb; crest, ridge), Irish críoch (= boundary)
:_______________________________.
B-
In certain surnames from patronymics, ultimately from mab = son (mab > fab > ab > b-)
Bedward < ab Edward
Beavan < ab Ifan
Bellis < ab Elis
Bennion < ab Einion
Bevan < ab Efan (ab Ifan)
Bowen < ab Owen, ab Owain
:_______________________________.
baadd
‹ baadh ›
1 southern form of baedd (= boar)
Usually spelt bâdd / ba’dd
See aa
:_______________________________.
Baal ‹baal› masculine
noun
1 Baal = Semitic fertility God
2
(Bible) Baal = false god
...1 Brenhinoedd 16:32 Ac efe a gododd allor i Baal yn nhy Baal, yr hwn a adeiladasai efe yn
Samaria (16:33) Ac Ahab a ● wnaeth lwyn, a
● wnaeth fwy i ddigo Arglwydd Dduw Israel na holl frenhinoedd Israel a fuasai o'i flaen ef
...1 Kings 16:32 And he reared up an altar for Baal in the house of Baal, which
he had built in Samaria (16:33) And Ahab made a grove, and Ahab did more to
provoke the Lord God of Israel to anger than all the kings of Israel before him
3 Bryn-y-Baal SJ2664 is a poor spelling for Bryn-y-bâl.
According to Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (Rhan 4, Blwyddyn 1952, tudalen 250) (
(Dictionary of the Univsersity of Wales) (Part 4, Year 1952, page 250) bâl is
noted as occuring c. 1788 as “Bâl the peak, or pointed summit of a hill or
mountain”, in which case it would be “(the) hill (of) the sharp peak”, (though
whether this describes a hill there I do not know!)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2664
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < Greek < Hebrew ba'al
(= master)
:_______________________________.
baban
‹bâ -ban› masculine noun
PLURAL babanod ‹ba- bâ -nod›
1 baby
dillad baban baby clothes
2
iaith babanod baby talk
3
baby = new venture, new company
Roedd y baban newydd yn dod rhagddo'n gampus yn ei ddwylo diogel
The new baby / the new business was thriving wonderfully in his safe hands
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh baban < maban (mab = son, child) + (-an,
diminutive suffix) from the influence of the English word babe
:_______________________________.
babanaidd
‹ba- bâ -nedh› adjective
1 infantile
2 childish
ETYMOLOGY: (baban = infant) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
babaneiddiwch
‹ba-ba-neidh-yukh› masculine noun
1 childishness
ETYMOLOGY: (babanaidd = infantile) +
(-i-wch suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
babanladdiad
‹ba-ban- ladh-yad› masculine noun
PLURAL babanladdiadau
‹ba-ban-ladd- ya-de›
1 infanticide
ETYMOLOGY: (baban = infant) + soft
mutation + (lladdiad = killing)
:_______________________________.
babanleiddiad
‹ba-ban- leidh-yad› m masculine noun
PLURAL babanladdiadau
‹ba-ban-leidd- ya-de›
1 infanticide (person)
ETYMOLOGY: (baban = infant) + soft
mutation + (lleiddiad = killer,
murderer)
:_______________________________.
Babell ‹ə ba-belh› f
1 Y Babell name of certain nonconformist chapels (= "the
tabernacle")
Street names
..a/ “Babell Road”, Gorsedd (SJ1576), Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint)
(this would be Ffordd y Babell in Welsh)
..b/ “Babell Road”, Pen-sarn (county of Caerfyrddin)
(this would be Heol y Babell in Welsh)
2 (SJ1573) Y Babell (= "the
tabernacle") a village in the county of Fflint 4km south-west of
Treffynnon; from the name of a Nonconformist chapel
ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (pabell =
tent; tabernacle )
Probably from pabell y cyfarfod (Exodus 29:42),
the tabernacle of the congregation prepared by Moses for the people to meet God
..a/ Exodus 29:42 Yn boethoffrwm
gwastadol trwy eich oesoedd, wrth ddrws pabell y
cyfarfod, gerbron yr ARGLWYDD; lle y cyfarfyddaf â chwi, i lefaru wrthyt yno.
Exodus 29:42 This
shall be a continual burnt offering throughout your generations at the door of
the tabernacle of the congregation before the LORD: where I will meet you, to
speak there unto thee.
..b/ Salmau 27:3 Pe gwersyllai llu i’m herbyn, nid ofna fy nghalon: pe
cyfodai cad i’m herbyn, yn hyn mi a fyddaf hyderus. 27:44 Un peth a ddeisyfais i gan yr ARGLWYDD, hynny a geisiaf; sef
caffael trigo yn nhŷ yr ARGLWYDD holl ddyddiau fy mywyd, i edrych ar brydferthwch yr ARGLWYDD, ac i ymofyn yn ei deml. (27:5) Canys yn y dydd blin y’m cuddia o fewn ei babell:
yn nirgelfa ei babell y’m cuddia; ar graig y’m cyfyd i.
Psalms 27:3 Though an host should encamp against me, my heart shall not fear:
though war should rise against me, in this will I be confident. (27:4) One
thing have I desired of the LORD, that will I seek after; that I may dwell in
the house of the LORD all the days of my life, to behold the beauty of the
LORD, and to inquire in his temple. (27:5) For in the time of trouble he shall
hide me in his pavilion: in the secret of his tabernacle shall he
hide me; he shall set me up upon a rock
:_______________________________.
y Babell Lên ‹ə
bâ-belh leen› feminine noun
1 (Eisteddfod) the Literature Tent, venue for readings of literature,
lectures and talks on literature and authors
ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) +
soft mutation + (pabell = tent) +
soft mutation + (llên = literature)
:_______________________________.
babi, PLURAL: babis ‹BA bi, BA bis›
(masculine noun)
1 baby
:_______________________________.
Bábilon
‹ba-bi-lon› feminine noun
1 Babylon = ancient capital of the
Chaldean empire
2
helygen Bábilon (Salix
babylonica) weeping willow See: helygen
wylofus
3 (SJ3260) locality
3km NE of Yr Hob (county of Y Fflint)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/134184
:_______________________________.
bacbib, PLURAL: bacbibau ‹BAK bib, bak BI be› (feminine
noun)
1 bagpipe
:_______________________________.
bacbibiwr, PLURAL: bacbibwyr ‹bak BIB yur, bak BIB wir› (masculine
noun)
1 bagpiper
:_______________________________.
bach ‹baakh› adjective
1 small, little
2 Fach tag - after farm
name, to distinguish two farms of the same name = Little (usually paired with Fawr = big)
Glan-y-nant Fawr, Glan-y-nant Fach
(Big (i.e. Greater) Glan-y-nant, Little Glan-y-nant) ‹glan ə nant›
The word fach is a soft-mutated form
of bach; farm names generally are
considered to be feminine (since the native word tref (= settlement, farm) is feminine, as is the word fferm (= farm) borrowed from English
(the gender probably conforming to tref)
But in the North, rather than the pair Fawr / Fach in farm names, we
have Fawr / Bach, as curiously Bach dies not undergo soft mutation after
a feminine noun
3 Fach = little, small,
minor; tag - after a name in llan- =
church, indicates a daughter church (sometimes paired with Fawr = big)
Llanilltud Fawr, Llanilltud Fach
(Great Llanilltud, Little Llanilltud) ‹lhan-ilh-tid›
Llandyfaelog,
Llandyfaelog Fach (Llandyfaelog,
Little Llandyfaelog) ‹lhan-də-vei-log›
The word fach is a soft-mutated form of bach;
church names are feminine (since the word llan
(= church) is feminine
4 Fach = little, small,
minor; tag - after a river name to indicate a minor branch of the main river
(sometimes paired with Fawr = big)
Rhondda Fawr, Rhondda Fach (Great
Rhondda, Little Rhondda) ‹hron-dha›
The word fach is a soft-mutated form of bach;
river names are feminine. The word afon
(= river) is feminine (as are ffrwd
= hillside stream, nant = stream)
5 (place names) in mocking names
(1) América-fach (“little America”)
district of Y Porth (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (apparently Anglicised as
‘America Place’ at some point – this is the name on modern English-language
maps)
(2) Llundain-fach (“little London”)
.....(a) Place by Tal-sarn (county of Ceredigion)
.....(b) Place by Caer-sws (county of Powys)
(3) Lloegr-fach (“little England”)
(by Abermarlais SN6929, county of Caerfyrddin)
(4) Llwydlo-fach (“little Ludlow”)
(5) Brysta-fach ruin in Y Creigiau (Rhondda Cynon Taf) (“little
Bristol”)
6 (clock, watch) bys bach little hand
(“little finger”)
7 bys bach little finger (“little finger”)
8 small, little = another, an imitation of
Mae e fel Iesu Grist bach (scornful)
He’s a little goodie-goodie, he’s a little angel (“he’s like a little Jesus
Christ”)
8 little, small = minor, not having full stautus post bach (colloquial) sub-post office,
branch post office (“little post (office)”)
9 pechod bach venial sin
10 gefel fach nippers = small pincers
(gefel = tongs) + soft mutation + (bach = small)
11 In North Wales, after a feminine noun bach remains unmutated.
Place name examples:
..a/ Eglwys-bach (= eglwys fach)
(“little church”) SH8070 place 9km north-west of Llan-rŵst
..b/ Ffordd-las Fawr, Ffordd-las Bach SH9575 near Abergele
..c/ Garn-bach (= garn fach)
(“little cairn”)
..d/ Rhodfa Bach (= rhodfa fach)
(“little walk”) a street name in Niwbwrch (county of Môn)
..e/ Sarn-bach (= sarn fach)
(“little causeway / pavement”) SH3026 place 2km south of Aber-soch
..f/ Ynys Gwylan Bach OS1824, Ynys Gwylan Fawr OS1824, two
islands by Aberdaron (Gwynedd). See Ynys Gwylan (qv)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *bakk-os
< Celtic
From the same Celtic root: Irish beag
(= little, small), Scottish beag (=
little, small)
:_______________________________.
'bach o (South Wales) ‹BAKH› (masculine noun)
1 a bit of (South)
:_______________________________.
bach, PLURAL: bachau ‹BAAKH, BA khai -e›
(feminine noun)
1 hook
2 colfach = hinge (col =
spike, hinge ) + soft mutation + (bach
= hook)
ETYMOLOGY:
Indo-European *bak (= staff, stick)
Welsh bach < British *bakk- (= stick) < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish bagh, Breton bac’h
From the same Celtic root:
Irish bacán (= hinge-hook, peg in the wall),
Scottish (Gaelic) bac (= hook)
From the same Indoeuropean root:
Latin baculum (= staff, crutch, walking stick
)
Greek baktron (= staff, baton, club)
English peg < Middle English pegge, probably from Low German
or Dutch (modern Dutch peg)
Also:
Welsh bagét / baguette < English baguette < French
< Italian bacchetta (= little
stick), (bacchio = stick) + (-etta diminutive
ending), bacchio < Latin baculus
English bacillus (= rod-shaped bacterium) < New Latin bacillus
(= small staff, stick, rod), diminutive form of Latin baculus, altered
from baculum < *bak
:_______________________________.
bach, PLURAL: bachau ‹BAAKH, BA khe›
(masculine or
feminine noun)
1 (obsolete)
nook
2 (obsolete) corner, bend, sharp turn
3 cilfach (f) cilfachau nook, secluded
spot (cil = back) + soft mutation + (bach = nook, corner)
Bach occurs in place names
..a/ Y Fach-wen SH5761 near
Llanberis “white nook”
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (bach = nook, corner,
secluded spot) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn =
white)
..b/ Y Fachddeiliog ‹ə
vaakh DHEIL yog› ; a place in Y Bala “leafy nook”
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (bach = nook, corner,
secluded spot) + soft mutation + (deiliog = leafy)
Safai yr hen Wenallt mewn pantle, rhwng y fan y saif y Wenallt presenol
a'r llwyn o goed a elwir Nyrs Fachddeiliog, yn ymyl hen orsaf ffordd haiarn y
Bala.
Adgofion Andronicus (= John William Jones, Y Bala, 1842-1895) Cyhoeddwyd:
Caernarfon 1894 t24
The old Wenallt (farmhouse) stood in a hollow, between the place where the
present Wenallt stands and a wood which was called Fachddeiliog Nursery, next
to the old railway station in Y Bala
ETYMOLOGY: This is the same word as bach
(= hook)
:_______________________________.
bach a dolen ‹baa kha DO len›
(masculine noun)
1 hook and eye
:_______________________________.
bachan ‹BA khan› (masculine noun)
1 fellow, bloke, chap,
guy
2 lad, fellow, man
(South-east) Mae’n fachan trwy’r tanad
(Ma’n fachan trw’r tanad) He’s one of the best (“he is a man through the
explosion”, i.e. who will rescue you in a mine disaster)
(South-east) Bachan nêt yw e He’s
one of the best (“he is a neat man”)
:_______________________________.
bachdro ‹BAKH-dro› masculine
noun
PLURAL bachigion
‹bakh-DROI-on›
1 hairpin bend
bachdro wed’i ei wneud â tharw dur a bulldozed hairpin bend, a hairpin
bend in a track made by a bulldozer
ETYMOLOGY: (bach = hook) + soft
mutation + (tro = bend)
:_______________________________.
bachgen, PLURAL: bechgyn ‹BAKH gen, BEKH gin› (masculine
noun)
1 boy
Fachgen! Fachgen! Beth wyt ti’n ’wneud? What are you doing, lad?
:_______________________________.
bachigol ‹ba- khî -gol› adjective
1 diminutive
ETYMOLOGY: (bachig = tiny) + (-ol, suffix); the word bachig is made up of (bach = small) + (-ig, diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
bachigyn ‹ba- khî-gin› masculine
noun
PLURAL bachigion
‹ba- khig-yon›
1 diminutive = word based on another
to indicate smallness of a thing
2
small piece
3
adjective small
ETYMOLOGY: (bachig = tiny) + (-yn, diminutive suffix); the word bachig is made up of (bach = small) + (-ig, diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
bachu ‹BA-khi› (verb)
1 catch with a hook, to
hook
2 ei bachu hi go off,
go away, “hook it” (ei = her) + aspirate mutation + (bachu = to
hook, catch with a hook) + (hi (of) it / her)
:_______________________________.
bachwy
‹bakh -ui› masculine noun
PLURAL bachwyon
‹ba-khui-on›
1 bay
ETYMOLOGY: Not in general use.
First instance in 1852. Created from (bach
= bend) + soft mutation + (gwy, a
word supposedly meaning “water” )
See gwy
:_______________________________.
baco ‹BA ko› (masculine noun)
1 tabac
2 siop faco
tobacconist’s
Also: siop dybaco
:_______________________________.
bacterleiddiad
‹ bak-ter- leidh -yad› m
PLURAL bacterleiddiadau
‹ bak-ter- leidh-yâ-de›
1
bactericide
ETYMOLOGY: (bacter- < bacteria = bacteria) + soft mutation +
(lleiddiad = substance which kills)
(
:_______________________________.
bacterleiddiol
‹ bak-ter- leidh -yol› (adj)
1
bactericidal
ETYMOLOGY: (bacter- < bacteria = bacteria) + soft mutation +
(lleiddiol adjective = which kills)
(
:_______________________________.
bacwn ‹BA kun› (masculine noun)
1 bacon
:_______________________________.
bad ‹baad› [baːd] masculinɛ
noun
PLURAL badau [ˡbaːdai,
ˡbaːdɛ] ‹bâ -de›
South Wales
1 boat
bad achub lifeboat
bad camlas canal boat, barge
bad
diogelwch safety
boat
bad
styllod plank
boat (“boat (of) planks”)
bad
hwylio sailing
boat
ryn ni i gyd yn yr un bad we’re all in the same boat, each of us is facing the
same danger
dianc
yn y badau take
to the boats (“escape in the boats”)
saer
badau boat
builder
paid
â siglo’r bad don’t rock the boat
2 ferry-boat, boat for
crossing a river
llogi bad yn ymyl y bont
spend money on something that is not necessary, incur expenses that could
easily be avoided (“hire a ferry-boat next to the bridge”)
Glan-bad locality in the county of
Rhondda Cynon Taf
(glan y bad “(the) bank (of the river) (of) the boat (that is, where the ferry boat
is moored)”)
(English name: Upper Boat)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh bad [baːd] < Old English {baat}
(modern English boat ‹bout› )
:_______________________________.
bad achub ‹baad A khib› (masculine noun)
1 life boat
(“boat {of} saving”)
:_______________________________.
ba’dd
‹ baadh ›
1
southern form of baedd (= boar)
Usually spelt (less correctly) bâth
See aa / ba’dd
:_______________________________.
baddon, PLURAL: baddonau ‹BA dhon, ba DHO ne› (masculine
noun)
1 bath
:_______________________________.
baddonau ‹ba DHO ne› (plural)
1 baths; swimming baths
:_______________________________.
baddondy
‹ba- dhon -di› masculine noun
PLURAL baddondai
‹ba- dhon -dai›
1 bath-house = a building with baths
for use by the public
2 bathroom = room in a house with a bathtub or shower
ETYMOLOGY: (baddon = bath) + soft
mutation + (ty = house)
:_______________________________.
bae, PLURAL: baeau ‹BAI, BEI e› [bai] , [ˡbəiai,
ˡbəiɛ] (masculine noun)
1 bay
Bae Abertawe / Swansea Bay
Bae Caergybi / Holyhead Bay
Bae Caer-dydd / Cardiff Bay
Bae Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen Bay
Bae Caernarfon / Caernarfon Bay
Bae Ceredigion / “Cardigan Bay”
Bae Conwy / Conwy Bay
Bae Lerpwl / Liverpool Bay
Bae Sain Ffred / Saint Brides Bay
Bae Tremadog / Tremadog Bay
:_______________________________.
baedd
‹bâidh› [baið] , masculine
noun
PLURAL baeddod
‹bei -dhod› [ˡbəiðɔd]
1 boar
baedd cenfaint (qv) boar kept for breeding, herd boar, stud-boar
gofyn baedd (sow) desire the boar
2 obsolete brave fighter,
valiant warrior
3 baedd coed (qv) or baedd gwyllt (qv) wild boar; also as a
symbol in heraldry
Sometimes simply baedd
Ar y sêl gyfrin gwelir baedd o dan goeden
On the privy seal can be seen a boar under a tree
4 (Bible) baedd o’r coed
= wild boar
Salmau 80.8 Mudaist winwydden o’r
Aifft..., 80.13 Y baedd o’r coed a’i
turia, a bwystfil y maes a’i pawr
Psalms 80.8 Thou hast brought a vine out of Egypt... 80.13 The boar of the
wood doth waste it, and the wild beast of the field doth devour it (See the
Psalms on line in this website)
ETYMOLOGY: ?
NOTE: (1) An obsolete plural form is beidd
(2) In South Wales in monosyllables ae
> aa. Hence baadd (usually spelt bâdd
or ba’dd)
:_______________________________.
baedd cenfaint
‹bâidh ken-vent› masculine noun
PLURAL baeddod
cenfaint ‹bei
–dhod ken-vent›
1 boar kept for breeding, herd boar,
stud-boar
ETYMOLOGY: ‘boar (of) flock’ (baedd
= boar) + (cenfaint = flock of
swine)
:_______________________________.
baedd coed
‹bâidh kôid› masculine noun
PLURAL baeddod
coed ‹bei
–dhod kôid›
1 wild boar
ETYMOLOGY: ‘boar (of) wood’ (baedd =
boar) + (coed = wood)
:_______________________________.
baedd gwyllt
‹bâidh gwilht› masculine noun
PLURAL baeddod
gwyllt / gwylltion ‹bei-dhod
gwilht / gwəlht-yon›
1 wild boar
ETYMOLOGY: ‘wild boar’ (baedd =
boar) + (gwyllt = wild)
NOTE: the literary form has a plural adjective gwylltion but there is a tendency in modern Welsh to use a singular
adjective after a plural noun (gwyllt)
:_______________________________.
bàg, PLURAL: bagiau ‹BAG, BAG ye› (masculine noun)
1 bag
bàg llaw ‹bag LHAU› (masculine noun) handbag
bàg ysgol ‹ba GƏ skol›
(masculine noun) school bag,
satchel
:_______________________________.
bagad
‹bâ-gad› [ˡbaˑgad] masculine
noun
PLURAL bagadau
‹ba- gâ -de› [baˡgaˑdai, baˡgaˑdɛ]
1 group, crowd; bagad o bobol a group of people
2
literary cluster, bunch (grapes,
flowers, etc)
3 collection
Bagad o Ddiarhebion 'Steddfod
A collection of Eisteddfod proverbs (i.e. proverbs submitted for a competition)
4
obsolete swarm (of bees), flock (of
birds), flock (of sheep), herd (of cattle) etc
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British bakâta
< bâka = grapes, cluster of
grapes
From the same British root: Cornish bagaz,
Breton bagad
The Scottish (Gaelic) word bagaid =
bunch (of grapes), cluster (of nuts) is taken from Welsh
NOTE: the colloquial form in South-east Wales is bacid ‹ba -kid›
:_______________________________.
bagét, PLURAL: bagéts ‹ba GET, ba GETS›
(masculine noun)
1 baguette
:_______________________________.
báginet, PLURAL: báginets ‹BAA-gin-et, BAA-gin-ets› (masculine
noun)
1 (South Wales) bayonet
..a/ A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a
Lady: to which is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837:
The authors lists “BAGINET” and define it as “Bayonet.”.
..b/
Bag'inet. s[ubstantive]. A bayonet.
Observations on
some of the dialects in the West of England particularly with a glossary of
words now in use there ; and poems and other pieces, exemplifying the dialect.
By James Jennings, Honorary Secretary of the Metropolitan Library Institution,
London.
London, 1825.
NOTE: Standard Welsh has bidog (mf)
:_______________________________.
bagl (“bagal”), PLURAL: baglau ‹BA gal, BA gle› (feminine
noun)
1 crutch
y fagl = the crutch
Also ffon fagl (f), ffyn bagl (“stick (of) crutch”)
mynd wrth eich baglau go around on
crutches, walk on crutches (“go | supported by | your | crutches”)
:_______________________________.
baglu ‹BA gli› (verb)
1 trip up
:_______________________________.
bai ‹bai› masculine noun
PLURAL beiau
‹bei -e›
1 blame, fault - responsibilty for something wrong
Arni
hi mae'r bai
It's her fault (“(it is) on her that-is the blame”)
Arnat ti roedd y bai i gyd
It was all your fault
Rhaid mai'ch bai chi'ch dau yw e
It must be the fault of you two
Ar
bwy mae'r bai?
Whose fault is it? (“on who is the blame?”)
Ar
y llywodraeth mae'r bai
It's the fault of the government, it's the government's fault, the government's
to blame
Y
mwya'i fai, parota'i feio the most blameworthy is the quickest to
blame others
(“the (person) greatest his blame, readiest his blaming”)
peidio â gweld bai ar not blame
someone (“not see blame on someone”)
Paid â gweld bai arno fe Don’t blame him
2
bod bai mawr ar (rywun) i (wneud rhybeth) be very wrong of
somebody to (do something)
3
cael y bai am get the blame for
4
rhoi'r bai ar to blame, to put the
blame on (am = for) (“put / give the
blame on”)
5
bwrw'r bai ar to blame, to put the
blame on (am = for) (“throw the
blame on”)
6
bod ar fai be to blame (“be on
blame”);
Nid
fi sydd ar fai I'm not to blame, it's not my fault
7
Heb ei fai, heb ei eni Everyone has
their faults, No-one is without their faults (“without his fault, without his
being born”)
8
blame = accusation of being responsible for something that is wrong
gweld bai ar to blame (“to see blame
on”)
9
chwilio am feiau find fault (“look
for faults”)
10
cuddio'ch beiau rhag (rhywun) hide
your faults from (someone)
11
taflu bai = shift the blame (“throw
blame”)
12
South Wales cwympo ar eich bai, North
Wales: syrthio ar eich bai admit
that you are wrong, acknowledge your mistake (“fall on your fault / blame”)
13
defect, imperfection in a material
14
Geology fault in a rock
15
fault = error, mistake
Bai am y gair 'llawrwydd' yw 'llarwydd'
The word 'llarwydd' is a mistake for 'llawrwydd'
16
fault, shortcoming, failing, deficiency
Nid haelioni yw ei fai mawr You
certainly can’t accuse him of over-generosity
“((it is) not generosity that-is his big fault / his big shortcoming)”
17 gweld bai ar consider someone to be at fault, think it the fault
of, believe the culprit to be, find fault with
y diafol yn gweld bai ar bechod Satan rebuking sin, the devil denouncing
evil (“the devil seeing defect on sin”)
18
hyd at fai to a fault, excessively
hael hyd at fai generous to a fault
19
pigwr beiau fault finder, person who
always picks faults
20
di-fai (di- = privative prefix) + (
bai = fault )
..a/ blameless
Judges 15:3 And Samson said concerning them, Now I shall be more blameless than
the Philistines, though I do them a displeasure
..b/ impeccable
..c/ good, fine
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh bai < bei < British
:_______________________________.
baich, PLURAL: beichiau ‹baikh,
BEIKH-ye› (masculine noun)
1 burden, load
2
diffygio dan faich stagger /
collapse under a burden
3 bod dan faich trwm o waith
be snowed under with work (“be under a heavy burden of work”)
4
Fe yw’r baich rw i’n gorfod ’i ddwyn
He’s the cross I have to bear (“the burden I am obliged to carry”)
(said of a person or matter for which a somebody has taken responsibility even
though it causes him or her many problems. A person condemned to crucifixion
had to carry his or her own cross to the place of execution.)
:_______________________________.
bal ‹bal› adjective
1 a white spot or patch on the forehead of a horse, a “blaze”
2 (adjective) (horse) having a white spot on the forehead
ceffyl bal horse with a white spot
on its forehead
There is a well called Ffynnon y Ceffyl
Bal (“well of the horse with a white patch on its forehead”) above
Blaengwynfi (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh bal < British *bal- < Indo-european *bhel (= to shine)
from the same British root: Breton bailh
(= white blaze on forehead of horse)
From the same Celtic root: Irish ball
(= spot, mark)
:_______________________________.
Bala, Y ‹ə BA la› (feminine noun)
town in the north-east
('lake exit channel')
http://www.gwead.cymru.org/uwchradd/berwyn/cymru.htm
(No longer functional 2008-10-23)
:_______________________________.
Bala Cynwyd
1 a village in
southeastern Pennsylvania, in Lower Merion Township.
It was originally two separate towns, but it came to be regarded as a single
community after the US Post Office used a single office called “Bala Cynwyd” to
serve both towns. However the railway still has two separate stations, Bala and
Cynwyd.
The area was settled by Quakers from Meirionydd three hundred and twenty years
ago, in the 1680s. It forms part of the old Welsh Tract by the city of
Philadelphia. This American Cynwyd is generally pronounced as KIN-wid, and by
some as KIN-wud, as if the name were Kinwood. (Information: wikipedia)
Location of Y Bala and Cynwyd in north-east Wales:
(dewl 7062)
:_______________________________.
balast ‹BAA-last› (masculine noun)
1 ballast
llenwi (llong) â balast to fill a ship with ballast, to ballast a ship
Y Cei Balast SH5638 name of small island in the Glaslyn estuary where ships
would dump ballast stones before picking up cargoes of slates. On the Ordnance
Survey map spelt incorrectly as Cei Ballast (the English spelling of balast),
suggesting that the ll is the Welsh voiceless alveolar lateral fricative <lh> [ɬ]
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/364696
(delw 7410)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH5737
map
ETYMOLOGY: cei’r balast “(the)
quay (of) the ballast” (cei = quay) + (y definite article) + (balast
= ballast). The linking definite article is often omitted in place names
:_______________________________.
balastio ‹ba-LAST-yo› (v)
1 to ballast
balastio llong to fill a ship with ballast
ETYMOLOGY: (balast = ballast) + (-io verb suffix)
:_______________________________.
balch ‹BALKH› (adjective)
1 proud
tlawd a balch a byw mewn gobaith / clawd a balch a byw miwn gopith
South-east –
answer to Sut mae hi? / Shw’ mai?
“poor and proud
and living in hope”
:_______________________________.
balchder ‹BALKH der› (masculine noun)
1 pride
Mae i falchder ei gwymp Pride comes
before a fall (“there-is to pride its fall”, pride has its fall)
Balchder a gaiff gwymp Pride comes
before a fall (“(it-is) pride which gets (a) fall”)
ETYMOLOGY: (balch = proud) + (-der
suffix for forming abstract nouns, a soft-mutated form of -ter)
:_______________________________.
balw^n, PLURAL: balw^ns ‹ba LUUN, ba LUUNS›
(masculine noun)
1 balloon
:_______________________________.
ban, PLURAL: bannau ‹BAN, BA-ne› (feminine noun)
1 peak
y fan = the peak
2 tryfan (place names) peak
Tryfan SH6659 mountain in the county
of Gwynedd, between Capelcurig and Bangor
also: Mynydd Tryfan
(try- = intensifying prefix ) + soft
mutation + (ban = peak)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/82098
:_______________________________.
banadl (South Wales:
bana'l) ‹BAA-nadl, BAA-nal›
(plural noun)
1 (plant) broom
See banhadlen
:_______________________________.
banal, bana'l
‹BAA-nal› (plural
noun)
1 (South Wales) (plant) broom
See banhadlen
:_______________________________.
banana, PLURAL: bananas ‹ba NA na, ba NA nas› (masculine noun)
1 banana
:_______________________________.
banc, PLURAL: banciau ‹BANGK, BANGK ye›
(masculine noun)
1 bank (= money house)
Stryd y Banc street name in Porthmadog “(the) street (of) the bank”.
Name used by the English: Bank Place.
2 bank (=
slope)
See also: ponc (= bank, slope)
:_______________________________.
band, PLURAL: bandiau ‹BAND, BAND ye›
(masculine noun)
1 band
:_______________________________.
bando ‹BAN-do› (masculine noun)
1 bando
= a kind of hurling / shinty / hockey / bandy formerly played in Wales. It was
particularly popular in coastal Morgannwg, at Margam and adjoining Cynffig,
which share an extensive sandy shore
2 ffon fando, ffyn bando bando stick
ETYMOLOGY: A variant of bandy (= a type of hockey)
A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady: to which is
added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837: The authors lists
“BANDY” and define it thus: “A game, like that of Golf, in which the ad-
verse parties endeavour to beat a ball (generally a
knob or gnarl from the trunk of a tree,) opposite ways.
From Bendan, Sax[on], to bend ; because the stick with
which the game is played is crook'd at the end; hence
the verb to Bandy (a term at tennis), to beat to and
fro, and the compound bandy-legged for crooked-
legged.”
:_______________________________.
baner, PLURAL: baneri ‹BA ner, ba NE ri›
(feminine noun)
1 flag
2 dangos y faner show the flag = put in an appearance, make your
presence noted at some event
:_______________________________.
baneru
‹ ba-nê-ri› verb
1 deck with flags
ETYMOLOGY: (baner = flag) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
Bangor
‹bang -gor›
1 (SH5872) city in the county of
Gwynedd
Population 13,378 (1961)
Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 64% (1961)
i Fangor = to Bangor
ym Mangor = in Bangor
2 a parish at this place
3 esgobion Bangor
(Dwyfor, district in western Gwynedd) “bishops (of) Bangor”;
also esgobion Bangor yn eu gwenwisg “bishops
(of) Bangor in their surplice”
large white clouds on a clear day indicating a coming storm
ETYMOLOGY: Old Welsh bangor =
monastery
:_______________________________.
banhadlen
‹ban-HAD-len› feminine noun
PLURAL banadl
‹bAA-nadl›
1 broom bush Cytisus scoparius
Cae’r banadl ( Caa’r Banal ) “(the)
field (of) the gorse bushes” Field name c. 1507 in ?Llangatwg Lingoed, county
of Mynwy
16 April 1507 Howel ap David ap Howel and Catherine vergh
Ieuan ap Griffith his wife to Richard ap Howel their son and Maud/Matilda vergh
William his wife.
GRANT All lands, messuages and tenements which they hold in the parish of
Llancattok Llincoid in the lordship of Bergavenny and in the parish of
Llanterlow Gressenny in the fee of White Castle.... One close called Kar banall to value of
20d. p.a.;
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~llangattocklingoed/deedswills/hanbury.html#1518B
Hanbury Family Papers
(delw 7287)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh banadl < British *banatl-
Cornish has banall (= broom bushes), and Breton banal, balan (= broom bushes);
The French word balai
(= broom for sweeping, long-handled brush) is from a related Gaulish word
NOTE: (1) In South Wales banadl >
banaddl > bana’l / banal ‹BAA-nal›, as in Cornish and
Breton
(2) and also in South Wales banal ‹BAA-nal› > balan ‹BAA-lan›
(metathesis), as in Cornish and Breton
:_______________________________.
banhadlog
‹ba- nhad -log› adjective
1 abounding in broom
2
(feminine noun) place with broom, broomy land
Found in place names and field names.
3
Gellifanadlog place name in
Senghenydd (county of Caerffili)
From “y gelli fanhadlog” ‘broomy grove’ (with the loss of the ‘h’)
(y = definite article) + soft
mutation + (celli = wood, grove) +
soft mutation + (banhadlog = broomy)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh (banhadl-, penult
syllable form banadl (= broom) + (-og suffix) < British *banatlâk-
From the same British root: Cornish banalleg,
Breton banallek < British
NOTE: (1) North Wales - colloquially banadlog
‹ba-NAD-log›
(2) South Wales banalog -
colloquially ‹ba-NAA-log›
(3) banadlog sometimes used as a standard
form in place names, omitting the ‘h’
:_______________________________.
Bannau
Brycheiniog ‹ba
ne brə KHEIN yog› (plural noun) (Ffoto / foto)
1 the peaks of the
territory of Brycheiniog ('Brecon Beacons')
:_______________________________.
bannod, PLURAL: banodau ‹BA nod, ba NOO de›
(feminine noun)
1 definite article
y fannod = the definite article
:_______________________________.
bant (= i
bant) ‹BANT› (adverb)
1 away
:_______________________________.
bar, PLURAL: barrau ‹BAR, BA re› (masculine noun)
1 bar (= tavern);
2 bar =
rod;
3 bar =
people collectively who are qualified to practice law; barristers
4 bar = block of
chocolate, soap, etc
bar sebon bar of soap ("bar
(of) soap")
bar siocled a bar of chocolate
5
tu ôl i’r barrau behind bars, in
prison (“behind the bars”)
:_______________________________.
bar, PLURAL: barrau ‹BAR, BA re› (masculine noun)
1 (place names) top,
peak
(delw 7329)
Barlwm (“bare
top”) (bar = peak, top) + soft mutation + (llwm = bare, barren,
treeless) hill name in Torfaen, now Twm Barlwm / Twyn Barlwm “(the)
mound (on) Barlwm”
Berwyn <
adjective berwyn “white-peaked, snowy peaked” (bar =
peak, top) + soft mutation + (gwyn = white), with a change a > e in
the tonic syllable through the influnce of the y in the final syllable (vowel
affection)
Crug-y-bar SN6537
(“mound (of) the peak”, mound on the peak) village in Caerfyrddin
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/399315
Nant-y-bar ?(“(the) valley / stream (of) the peak”) Lost
industrial village in the Afan valley, south-east Wales
Mynydd Nant-y-bar SS8397 “The highland / the upland pasture of
Nant-y-bar farm”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/844478
Nant-y-bar SO2840 (“Gwent-in-England”, in present-day Herefordshire)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/178852
(“farm buildings in Nant-y-bar”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/178849
(“castle motte at Nant-y-bar)”
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically
representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great
Britain and Ireland…”)
:_______________________________.
bara ‹BA ra› [ˡbaˑra] (masculine
noun)
1 bread
bara brith ‹ba ra BRIITH› (masculine noun) currant bread ('speckled
bread')
bara haidd ‹ba ra HAIDH› (masculine noun) barley bread
2 fan fara plural faniau bara
bread van, van for delivering bread to homes or shops
3
mor sicr â bod bara mewn torth as
sure as fate (“as sure as there is bread in a loaf”)
4 bara
llwyd mouldy bread (“grey bread”)
Saying: Rhaid enllyn da gyda bara llwyd
You need a good comapage with mouldy bread
5
enllyn bara Alternative expression
for enllyn = companage, something
eaten with bread (eg butter, cheese, meat), something to make plain food more
palatable, (Scotland: kitchen, kitchie; tea) Enllyn bara da yw eisiau bwyd Hunger is the best sauce (= food no
matter how plain becomes very appetising when you are really hungry) (“(it is)
(a) good companage (of) bread that-is want (of) food”)
6
pobi bara (north Wales) bake bread
ffyrna bara (mid-Wales) bake bread
ffyrno bara (south Wales) bake bread
ffwrno bara (south Wales) bake bread
ffwrna bara (south-west Wales) bake
bread
bara corn corn bread (USA)
:_______________________________.
bara caws ‹bâ-ra kaus› masculine noun
1 bread and cheese
2 Bedyddiwr Bara Caws (nickname) Scotch Baptist (“baptist
(of) bread (and) cheese”)
ETYMOLOGY: (bara = bread) + (caws = cheese)
NOTE: Alternative form: bara a chaws / bara chaws bread + and + cheese
:_______________________________.
bara croyw
‹bâ-ra kroiu› masculine noun
1 unleavened bread
Gwyl y Bara Croyw the Passover, a
week-long (now eight days) Jewish feast commemorating the release of the
Israelites from slavery in Egypt
ETYMOLOGY: (bara = bread) + (croyw = unleavened, made without yeast)
:_______________________________.
bara lafwr
‹bâ-ra lâ-vur› masculine noun
1 See: bara lawr
:_______________________________.
bara lawr
‹bâ-ra laur› masculine noun
1 laver bread = a kind of seaweed
fried in mutton fat, characteristic of central coastal South Wales, and sold
traditionally in Abertawe and Llanelli markets
ETYMOLOGY: (bara = bread) + (lawr = type of seaweed).
The word lawr was originally lafwr < English laver = Porphyra umbilicalis
- type of seaweed of the genus Porphyra
with edible fronds < Latin laver,
species of water plant.
The dropping of a medial f is seen
in other words in Welsh, such as
a) cas (South Wales - he, she, it
got / received) < cafas
b) codi (= to lift up, to get
up), originally cyfodi
c) dŵr (= water),
originally dwfr
NOTE: (Really a comment on a mistake in English) As the English spoken in Wales
is on the whole a variety of standard English, it is of a non-rhotic variety,
and so a final ‘r’ in a word is not pronounced unless it is followed by a
vowel.
(This non-rhotic English is to be found too of course in the USA, in New
England and in some of the southern States).
There is a tendency in Wales among some English speakers to insist that the
English name of the food is ‘lava bread’, as if it were a kind of magma from a
volcano. Reference to the Welsh form (even though it is originally from
English!) would show that there is a final ‘r’, and so ‘lava bread’ cannot be
right.
:_______________________________.
bara menyn ‹ba ra ME nin› (masculine noun)
1 bread and butter
(In Y Wladfa, the Welsh settlement in the Chubut valley in Patagonia, this is a
phrase known to many people of non-Welsh origin. If asked if they know any
Welsh, they reply “bara menyn”. It seems that the local Tehuelche Indians would
come to the houses of the Welsh pioneers whrn they had no food, and having had
friendly contact with the pioneers, knew some words of Welsh)
:_______________________________.
barber
‹bar -ber› masculine noun
PLURAL barbariaid
‹bar-bar -yed›
1 barber
2 cot barber barber's
coat, dust coat
ETYMOLOGY: English barber <
French 1400- barbeor < barbe (= beard) < Latin barba (= beard)
There is also a 'more Welsh' form - barbwr
(qv)
:_______________________________.
Barbus barbus
1
barfogyn (m), barfogiaid barbel
(delw 7411)
:_______________________________.
barbwr, PLURAL: barbwyr ‹BAR bur, BARB wir›
(masculine noun)
1 barber
:_______________________________.
barclod
<BAR-klod> [ˡbarklɔd] masculine noun
PLURAL barclodiau
<bar-KLOD-yai, -ye> [barˡklɔdjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 apron
2
wedi ei gadw ormod wrth farclod ei fam
(said of a spoilt child) too attached to his mother's apron strings
(“after his keeping + too much + attached to the apron of his mother”)
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English barmcloth
< Old English “bosom cloth” (barm
= bosom) + (clâth = cloth)
It would seem that the English word had a final t (“clot”) rather than th
Cf English clout (= piece of cloth)
Joshua 9:5 (King James Bible) And old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and
old garments upon them; (= old patched sandals)
Northern English: dishclout (= dishcloth)
A final –t in words of English origin became –d in many words in earlier Welsh:
poced (= pocket), siaced (= jacket), bwled (= bullet).
:_______________________________.
barclodaid
<bar-KLOO-daid, -ded> [barˡkloˑdaɪd,
-ɛd] masculine noun
PLURAL barclodeidiau
<bar-klo-DEID-yai, -e> [barklɔˡdəɪdjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 apronful
2
in the names of certain places where there are burial cairns, to explain the
profusion of stones through reference to a mythical being; See Barclodiad y Gawres
ETYMOLOGY: (barclod = apron) + (-aid = suffix to denote capacity).
In the north-west, the suffix -i-aid is used instead of –aid, hence barclodiaid
In the north-west, in a final diphthong a final e becomes a, and this applies too to the diphthongs ei,
ai, au which in most of Wales become e in the final syllable.
Hence barclodiaid > (barclodied) > barclodiad
:_______________________________.
barclodiad
<bar-KLOD-yad> [barˡklɔdjad] masculine noun
PLURAL barclodiaid
<bar-KLOD-yaid, -yed> [barˡklɔdjaɪd,
-ɛd]
1 North-west
Wales apronful; see barclodaid
:_______________________________.
Barclodiad y
Gawres <bar-KLOD-yad
ə GAU-res> [barˡklɔdjad ə ˡgaʊrɛs]
1 SH3270 name of
a burial chamber 3km north-west of Aberffraw, county of Môn, north-west Wales.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH3270
map
2
SH3645 Locality on the Eifl
mountain, near Trefor, north-west Wales.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH3645
map
From: Y Brython (= the Briton, the
Welshman), 1859, pages 428-9
Cilmin Droettu - Yr oedd Cilmin yn
cyfaneddu ym mysg ellyllon a gwŷr cyfarwydd... Daeth ryw dro ar ddamwain
yn gyfeillgar ag un o'r rhai olaf hyn. Gwyddai y cyfarwydd holl ddirgel
gyfrinion anian yn drwyadl oddi gerth un... hysbyswyd ef gan ei frodyr
cyfarwydd, fod y cyfryw gyfrin wedi ei ysgrifo ar blagawd teg, gan ryw law heb
fod yn eiddo dyn, yng nghudd ger llaw coryn un o binaclau pigfain yr Eifl, a
bod yno ellyll cuchiog yn ei wylio... Cilmin, yr hwn ni wybuasai erioed pa beth
oedd ofn, a ebrwydd gynnygiodd ei wasanaeth, i wneud cais am y trysor... Ymaith
â Chilmin tua Mynydd y Gefeilliaid Mawr (dyma enw arall ar yr Eifl), ac ar ôl
brwd deithio am hir amser, daeth o'r diwedd at Nant Gwrtheyrn, yr hwn gwm sydd
wedi ei furiaw o gwmpas â wal ddiadlam o greigiau ysgrynyglyd... Ymgripiodd o'r
Nant, a dyfod a wnaeth nes y cyrhaeddodd Dre'r Ceiri, neu Dref y Caerau,
cadarnle milwraidd ar goryn y big bellaf oddi wrth y môr o'r tri mynydd. Yr
oedd pob “ysgafell a chafell a chell” yn y fan, y pryd yr aeth Cilmin yno, yn
cael eu cyfaneddu gan ellyllon, a phob un o'r ellyllon yn barod ar yr awgrym
lleiaf i ddyfod allan i amddiffyn iawnderau eu prif lywydd, yr hwn a drefai ar
gopa'r graig uwch eu penau; a mawr y dinystr a'r direidi a fynych gyflawnid
ganddynt ar hyd a lled y wlad... Ger llaw hefyd, yn Moel Carn y Wrach, yr
arosai Cawres... ar yr adeg yr oedd Cilmin yn cyflawni ei gampwaith rhyfygus yr
oedd y Gawres yn dyfod â llonaid ei ffedog o geryg... gan fwriadu ei gwynias
boethi yn nhân ufelfar yr ellyll, a'u taflu wedyn yn do difaol i'r meusydd
cyfagos. Pan ganfu hi Cilmin yn dyfod mor ffwdanllyd, dychrynu a wnaeth, a
gollwng y geryg i lawr ar lethr y Foel a enwyd, ac y maent yno fyth, a gelwir
hwy Barclodaid y Gawres. Ar ôl hyn bu byd chwith rhwng y Gawres, Yr Ellyll a
Chilmin.
TRANSLATION: Cilmin Droetu (Cilmin of the black foot). Cilmin lived among elves
and men of knowledge - by chance he once became friendly with one of the
latter. The man of knowledge knew all the hidden secrets of nature thoroughly
except for one... he was informed by his fellow men of knowledge, that this
secret was written on a fair parchment, by a hand which was not human, hidden
near the peak of one of the tapering pinnacles of the Eifl, and there angry
elves watched over it... Cilmin, who had never known the meaning of fear,
quickly offered his service, to attempt to obtain the treasure... Off went
Cilmin towards Mynydd y Gefeilliaid Mawr (the mountain of the big twins) - that
is another name for the Eifl - and after travelling zealously for a long time,
he at last came to Nant Gwrthéyrn, which valley is walled around with a wall of
sharp rocks which once crossed over there is no return. He crept up from the
Nant, and came until he reached Tre'r Ceiri ('hamlet of the giants') or Tref y
Caerau ('hamlet of the forts'), a military stronghold on the top of the peak of
the three mountains furthest from the sea. Each ledge and nook and cranny in
the place, when Cilmin went there, was occupied by elves, and each elf was
ready at the least indication to come out to defend the rights of their main leader,
who lived on the top of the rock above their heads; and great was the
destruction and mischief often done by them the length and breadth of the
contry... Nearby too, in Moel Carn y Wrach ('bare top of the crag of the
witch') there lived a Giantess... at the time Cilmin was carrying out his
daring deed the Giantess was coming with her apron full of stones... intendung
to make them white hot in the (?unknown word - 'ufelfar') fire of the elves,
and throw them afterwards as a destructive covering into the neighbouring
fields. When she saw Cilmin coming towards her in such a bustle, she took
fright, and dropped the stones down on the slope of the Moel mountain earlier
mentioned, and there they are to this day, and they are called Barclodaid y
Gawres (the apronful of the giantess). After this things were bad between the
Giantess, the Elves and Cilmin.
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) apronful (of stones) (of) the giantess”) (barclodiad = apronful) + (y = the) + soft mutation + (cawres = giantess). The profusion of
stones at these places was explained by the actions of mythical figures.
:_______________________________.
bar coffi
<bar KOO-fi> [bar
ˡkoˑfɪ] masculine
noun
1 coffee bar = small café for coffee
and cakes
ETYMOLOGY: translation of English coffee
bar
:_______________________________.
barcty
<BARK-ti> [ˡbarktɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL barctai
<BARK-tai> [ˡbarktaɪ]
1 tannery
ETYMOLOGY: (barc- stem of barcio = to tan hides) + soft mutation
+ (-ty = house, building) > bárc-dy > barcty
:_______________________________.
barcud
<BAR-kid> [ˡbarkɪd] (masculine noun
PLURAL barcudiaid
<bar-KID-yaid, -yed> [barˡkɪdjaɪd,
-ɛd]
(delw 7006)
1 Milvus milvus red kite
(delw 7007)
2 In North Wales barcud traditionally refers to Buteo buteo, the buzzard, as do the the
Cornish (bargos) and Breton (barged), cognates of this name. The
standard name for the buzzard in Welsh is bwncath.
3
disgyn fel barcud ar swoop down on
(“fall like a red kite on”)
Byddai'n disgyn fel barcud ar bob bargen
yn y ffair he'd swoop down on every bargain in the fair
ETYMOLOGY: (1) From the same British root: as in North Wales,
Cornish bargos (= buzzard) (as in
the place name Ros Bargos “hill of
the buzzard”),
Breton barged (= buzzard)
(2) Welsh barcud is a word based on
a British element *barg, which also
gave rise to the now obsolete Welsh word bery
(= bird of prey, kite).
(3) On the basis of the Cornish and Breton forms one might expect Welsh
*bargod.
(4) The final syllable in Welsh barcud
has a different origin to the Cornish and Breton forms, namely cud (= kite), from Old English cŷta (= kite), related to Middle
High German word küze (= owl).
(5) The structure seems to be in Old Welsh (bargh = bird of prey, kite) + soft mutation + (cud = kite). This would have given *bargh-gud, and the combination gh-g would have produced c,
hence barcud.
(6) Another example of gh-g becoming
c is helcyd (= to chase) < helgh-gyd,
apparently Old Welsh helgh- (=
to hunt) + cyd (= common, united)
NOTE: Also barcut, (apparently barcut < barcud, the 't' possibly being in imitation of the final 't' in
English 'kite') From this the diminutive forms barcutyn, barcutan.
:_______________________________.
barcut <BAR-kit> [ˡbarkɪt] masculine noun
1
Milvus
milvus = red kite; see barcud
:_______________________________.
barcutan
<bar-KI-tan> [barˡkɪtan] masculine noun
1
Milvus
milvus = red kite; see barcud
:_______________________________.
barcutyn
<bar-KI-tin> [barˡkɪtɪn] masculine noun
1
Milvus
milvus = red kite; see barcud
:_______________________________.
Barcutyn llwyd
o'r coed
A ffwlbart wedi drewi
A winci naw mlynedd oed
<bar-KI-tin LHUID or
KOID, a FUL-bart WEE-di DREU-i, a WING-ki NAU-mluidh OID>
[barˡkɪtɪn ˡɬʊɪd ɔr
ˡkɔɪd, a ˡfʊlbart ˡweˑdɪ
ˡdrɛʊɪ, a ˡwɪŋkɪ ˡnaʊ
mlʊɪð ˡɔɪd]
county of Ceredigion
1 humorous answer to the question Beth sydd i ginio? What's for dinner?
(“a little grey (or mouldy) red kite from the woods, and a polecat which has
let off a stink, and a weasel nine years old”)
:_______________________________.
bardd
<BARDH> [barð] masculine noun
PLURAL beirdd
<BEIRDH> [bəɪrð]
1 bard = poet; the poets formed part
of the leading classes among the Celts
2
poet = person who writes poetry
bardd a llenor oedd Rhisiart Puw
Rhisiart Puw was a poet and a writer
talwrn y beirdd competition amongst
poets, poetry contest
3
cynfardd, early poet, Welsh poet from the
early period (500s to 1100)
(cyn- = previous) + soft
mutation + (bardd = poet)
gogynfardd Welsh poet from the 100s to the
1300s
(go- prefix, quite) + soft mutation + (cynfardd = early poet)
“quite early poet” (i.e. not the earliest poet)
4 Gorsedd y Beirdd (qv) congress of bards;
a development of the sense gorsedd =
court of law, tribunal
(the modern sense of gorsedd is
‘throne’)
5
gwynfardd (literally “blessed bard”)
druid = highest order in Congress of Bards (Gorsedd Beirdd Ynys Prydein)
(gwyn- <ə> [ə], penult form of gwyn
<i> [ɪ] ) + soft mutation + (bardd = bard, poet)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *bard-
< Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish bardh
(= poet), Breton barzh (= poet)
From the same Celtic root: Irish bard
(= poet), Scottish bard (= poet)
:_______________________________.
barddas
<BAR-dhas> [ˡbarðas] masculine noun
1 poetry (= the art of poetry),
bardism
ETYMOLOGY: (bardd = poet) + (-as = suffix)
:_______________________________.
barddol
<BAR-dhol> [ˡbarðɔl] feminine noun
1 of a poet
enw barddol bardic name, pseudonym
used by a bard
cadair farddol bardic chair, chair
awarded in an eisteddfod for a winning 'awdl' (strict metre poem)
ETYMOLOGY: (bardd = poet) + (-ol = suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
barddoniadur <bar-dhon-YAA-dir> [barðɔnˡjɑˑdɪr] masculine noun
PLURAL barddoniaduron
<bar-dhon-ya-DII-ron> [barðɔnjaˡdiˑrɔn]
1 guide for poets
William Williams (1814-1869), ‘Creuddynfab’, from Creuddyn, Llandudno (county
of Conwy), published “Y Barddoniadur
Cymmreig” (= Y Barddoniadur Cymreig “the Welsh poetry guide”) in 1855
ETYMOLOGY: (barddon-, stem of barddoniaeth = poetry) + (-i-adur noun-forming suffix, indicating
a book)
:_______________________________.
barddoniaeth <bar-DHON-yaith, -yeth> [barˡðɔnjaɪθ,
-ɛθ] (feminine noun)
1 poetry
2 Barddoniaeth Poetry (subject label in a
dictionary)
Abbreviation: Brdd.
:_______________________________.
bardd talcen
slip <bardh
TAL-ken SLIP> [barð ˡtalkɛn ˡslɪp] (masculine
noun)
1 doggerel poet (‘poet
of receding forehead’)
:_______________________________.
barf <BARV> [barv] feminine noun
PLURAL barfau <BAR-vai, -e> [ˡbarvaɪ, -ɛ]
1 beard =
hair on lower part of a man's face
barf osod PLURAL barfau gosod false beard (“beard (of) placing”)
glasu barf start growing a beard
tyfu bardd grow a beard
2 beard = a similar growth in some
animals
barf yr afr felen (name of a plant) (Tragopogon pratensis) goat’s beard
(“(the) beard (of )the yellow goat”)
barf yr hen ŵr (Clematis vitalbi) traveller’s joy / old man’s beard
(Clematis vitalbi) (“(the) beard (of )the old man”)
gwisgo barf have a beard (“wear (a) beard”)
3 mould (resembling a beard)
ETYMOLOGY: British < Latin barba (= beard)
From the same British root: Cornish barv (= beard), Breton barv
(= beard)
cf Old English / modern English beard, German der Bart (= beard)
NOTE: colloquially also baraf <BAAR-av> [ˡbɑˑrav] (Ceredigion)
:_______________________________.
barfog <BAR-vog> [ˡbarvɔg] adjective
1 bearded
dyn barfog a bearded man
2
corswennol farfog (f) corswenoliaid barfog (Chlidonias
hybrida) whiskered tern
3
barfog (m) barfogiaid <bar-VOG-yaid,
-yed> [barˡvɔgjaɪd, -ɛd] bearded man
ETYMOLOGY: (barf = beard) (-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
barfogyn <bar-VOO-gin> [barˡvoˑgɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL barfogiaid
<bar-VOG-yaid, -yed> [barˡvɔgjaɪd,
-ɛd]
1 (Barbus barbus) barbel
(delw 7411)
ETYMOLOGY: “bearded [fish]” (barfog
= bearded) + (-yn diminutive suffix
added to nouns or adjectives to form nouns)
:_______________________________.
barforwyn, PLURAL:
barforwynion <bar-VOO-ruin,-bar-vo-RUIN-yon> [barˡvoˑrʊɪn,
barvɔˡrʊɪnjɔn] (feminine noun)
1 barmaid
ETYMOLOGY: an imitation of the
English word bar + maid
(bar = bar) + soft mutation + (morwyn = maid)
:_______________________________.
bargen, PLURAL: bargeinion <BAR-gen, bar-GEIN-yon> [ˡbargɛn,
barˡgəɪnjɔn] (feminine noun)
1 bargain = something
with an advantageous price
2 bargain, deal (= transaction or
agreement)
taro bargen strike a deal, strike a
bargain
Ni thrawyd mo’r fargen The deal
didn’t come off, The deal fell through (“not + has been struck + not-of-the +
deal”)
:_______________________________.
Bargen yw
bargen, serch colli <BAR-gen iu BAR-gen, serkh KO-lhi> [ˡbargɛn
ɪʊ ˡbargɛn, sɛrx ˡkɔɬɪ] saying
1 A deal's a deal (even if you lose
out) ("a bargain's a bargain, in spite of losing); if you agree to buy
something at a price which you think is very favourable, and you pay and find
that you could have paid less somewhere else, you can't undo a deal already
agreed; you can’t back out once you’ve given your word
:_______________________________.
bargod <BAR-god> [ˡbargɔd] masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL bargodion <bar-GOD-yon> [barˡgɔdjɔn]
1 eaves; overhang of a roof
2
county of Dinbych edge of a wood
3
(obsolete) borderland, territorial
boundary, border zone, frontier.
Nant y Bargod boundary stream
.....(3.1) The cwmwd
(commote, division) of Senghennydd was located in the area between the rivers
Taf and Rhymni in South-east Wales. Here there are two streams called Nant y Bargod which both rise on the
highland between the towns of Rhymni and Merthytudful. One flows towards the
east and eventually joins the river Rhymni, and the other to the west, joining
the river Taf.
They are distinguished by the addition of the names of these rivers - Nant Bargod Rhymni (“(the) stream (of)
(the) border area (which flows into the river) Rhymni”), and Nant Bargod Taf (“(the) stream (of)
(the) border area (which flows into the river) Taf”).
Nant Bargod Rhymni:
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/625490
(“The Geograph British
Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and
information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
The eastern stream flows from near the village
of Fochriw, down past the village of Y Deri, and into the river Rhymni in Aberbargod (“(the) confluence (of the)
Bargod (stream) (and the Rhymni)”).
The town of Y Bargod (qv) overlooks
the confluence from the hill above on the western side.
The western stream flows from near Pownd Ras Las. It rises at Blaen Bargod
(“(the) source (of) (the) Bargod (stream)”). It goes towards Bedlinog, past a
farm called Cwmbargod (“the) valley
(of) (the) Bargod (stream”).
The map indicates that below the farm this is the name of the valley - Cwm Bargod. Between Bedlinog and
Trelewis there is Craig Fargod (“the
cliff overlooking the Bargod stream”) from which two farms take their names - Craigfargod, and Pencraigfargod (“(the) end (of) Craig Fargod, the place by Craig
Fargod”).
It continues through Trelewis into the Taf at Mynwentycrynwyr. In Trelewis
there is a Heol Glyn Bargod (“street
(of) (the) valley (of the) Bargod (stream)”) (in English as “Glyn Bargoed
Road”)
Some of these names are misspelt with “Bargoed” instead of “Bargod”. In the
south it is usual in spoken Welsh for a final 'oe' diphthong to become
simplifed as 'o'.
For example, 'cyfoeth' (riches) would become 'cyfoth'.
Names with 'coed' as the last element would undergo the same change: Glasgoed
(green wood) > Glasgod, Trawsgoed (across + wood) > Trawsgod, Hirgoed
(long wood) > Hirgod. An example by Aber-dâr is Llwytgoed (grey wood) >
Llwytgod (though in fact there were further transformations in the local
dialect and it became Llycod).
Although the word bargod is still in
use with the sense of 'eaves' it seems that it was assumed that the final
syllable was a reduction of 'coed', and as place names are normally spelt in
literary Welsh rather than according to the local pronunciation it was respelt
as Bargoed and explained as “the wood on the summit, summit wood” (bar = summit) + soft mutation of a noun
preceded by a qualifying element + (coed
= wood). A plausible explanation, but wrong!
.....(3.2) Blaenbargod name of a farm 5km south of
Llangeler SN3739 (county of Caerfyrddin)
SN7840 Nant Bargod, a tributary of Afon Brân, by Cynghordy (Caerfyrddin)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/367724
SN7840 Cwmbargod (“Cwmbargoed”) a farm here, near Cynghordy,
Caerfyrddin
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/367713
4
overhang of a cliff, river bank
5
edrych dan fargod eich llaw shade
one's eyes with one's hand (to keep out a strong light; by placing the thumb
edge of the hand between the eyebrows, and the thumb on the temple) (“look
under the eave of your hand”)
6
gwennol y fargod (“(the) swallow
(of) the eaves”) Delichon urbicas =
house martin .
Alternative name of gwennol y bondo
(also meaning “(the) swallow (of) the eaves”)
7
dŵr bargod drippings from roof
(“water (of) eaves”)
diferion y bargod eavesdrip, drops
of water from the eaves
ETYMOLOGY: bargod < bargawd (bar = top) + soft mutation + (cawd,
unknown element, possibly = side)
:_______________________________.
Y Bargod <ə BAR-god> [ə
ˡbargɔd] feminine noun
ST 1499
1 town in the county of Caerffili, South-east Wales; the local form
is Y Byrgod <ə
BƏR-god> [ə ˡbərgɔd]
Population (1961): 8.835; proportion of Welsh-speakers (1961): 10%
Population (1971): 8.700; proportion of Welsh-speakers (1971): 6%
NOTE: The local form Bargod [ˡbargɔd] > Byrgod [ˡbərgɔd] shows the usual reduction in
South Wales of the final 'oe' to 'o', and the unusual reduction of 'a' in the
tonic syllable to the obscure vowel 'y' (though in south-east Wales a number of
words do show this feature).
Nowadays the erroneous form Bargoed (though apparently dating from the 1600’s
at least) seems to have become the usual form in Welsh. See bargod above.
:_______________________________.
bargodiad
<bar-GOD-yad> [barˡgɔdjad] masculine noun
PLURAL bargodiadau
<bar-god-YAA-dai, -e> [bargɔdˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 overhang of a cliff, river bank
ETYMOLOGY: (bargod-, stem of the
verb bargodi = project) + (-iad suffix)
:_______________________________.
bar gwin <bar GWIIN> [bar ˡgwiːn] (masculine
noun)
1 wine bar
:_______________________________.
bargyfreithiwr,
PLURAL: bargyfreithwyr <bar-gə-VREITH-yur, bar-gə-VREITH-wir> [bargəˡvrəɪθjʊr,
bargəˡvrəɪθwɪr]
(masculine noun)
1 barrister
:_______________________________.
barlys <BAR-lis> [ˡbarlɪs] (plural noun)
1 barley
:_______________________________.
barlysyn <bar-LƏ-sin> [barˡləsɪn] (masculine
noun)
1 barleycorn
:_______________________________.
barman, PLURAL: barmyn <BAR-man, BAR-min> [ˡbarman,
ˡbarmɪn] (masculine noun)
1 barman
:_______________________________.
barn, PLURAL: barnau <BARN, BAR-nai, -e> [barn,ˡbarnaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 opinion
y farn = the opinion
2 y farn day of judgement, the final judgement
cyn sicred â'r farn as sure as fate
(“as certain as the final judgement”)
mor siwred â'r farn as sure as fate
(“as certain as the final judgement”)
3
mynegi barn ar (rywbeth) voice an
opinion about (something)
traethu barn ar (rywbeth) voice an
opinion about (something)
datgan barn ar (rywbeth) voice an
opinion about (something)
4
cytundeb barn consensus, general
agreement
cael cytundeb barn ar y mater reach
a consensus on the issue
:_______________________________.
barnu <BAR-ni> [ˡbarnɪ] (verb)
1 to judge
2 barnu (rhywun) ar ei olwg judge (somebody) by his appearance
(“judge (somebody) on his appearance”)
barnu (rhywun) ar yr olwg allanol
judge (somebody) by his appearance (“judge (somebody) on the external
appearance”)
barnu (rhywun) yn ôl ei olwg judge
(somebody) by his appearance (“judge (somebody) according to his appearance”)
:_______________________________.
barnwr, PLURAL: barnwyr <BAR-nur,-BARN-wir> [ˡbarnʊr,
ˡbarnwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 judge
:_______________________________.
Barselona <bar-se-LOO-na> [barsɛˡloˑna] (feminine noun)
1 Barcelona
:_______________________________.
barugog <ba-RII-gog> [baˡriˑgɔg] adj
1 (North Wales) frosted over
2
gwydr barugog frosted glass = glass
with raised nodules which allows in light but prevents visibility, as in toilet
windows
ETYMOLOGY: (barug- < barrug = frost) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
bas <BAAS> [ˡbɑːs] (adjective)
1 shallow
:_______________________________.
basa <BA-sa> [ˡbasa] (verb)
1 (North-west) he / she
/ it would be
:_______________________________.
basach <BA-sakh> [ˡbasax] (verb)
1 (North-west)you would
be
:_______________________________.
basach chi <BA-sa-khi> [ˡbasaxɪ] (verb)
1 (North-west) you would
be
:_______________________________.
basa chi =
basach chi <BA-sa-khi> [ˡbasaxɪ] (verb)
1 (North-west) you would
be
:_______________________________.
basa fo <BA-sa-vo> [ˡbasavɔ] (verb)
1 (North-west) he would
be
:_______________________________.
basan <BA-san> [ˡbasan] (verb)
(North-west)
1 answer form - yes,
they would be
:_______________________________.
basan <BA-san> [ˡbasan] (verb)
1 (North-west) answer
form - yes, we would be
:_______________________________.
basan nhw <BA-sa-nu> [ˡbasanʊ] (verb)
1 (North-west) they
would be
:_______________________________.
basan ni <BA-sa-ni> [ˡbasanɪ] (verb)
1 (North-west) we would
be
:_______________________________.
basat <BA-sat> [ˡbasat] (verb)
1 (North-west) you would
be
:_______________________________.
basat ti <BA-sa-ti> [ˡbasatɪ] (verb)
1 (North-west) you would
be
:_______________________________.
base <BA-se> [ˡbasɛ] (verb)
1 (North-east) yes, he /
she / it would be
:_______________________________.
basech <BA-sekh> [ˡbasɛx] (verb)
1 (North-east), you
would be
:_______________________________.
basech chi <BA-se-khi> [ˡbasɛxɪ] (verb)
1 (North-east), you
would be
:_______________________________.
base fo <BA-se-vo> [ˡbasɛvɔ] (verb)
1 (North-east), he would
be
:_______________________________.
base hi <BA-se-hi> [ˡbasɛhɪ] (verb)
1 (North-east), she
would be
:_______________________________.
basen <BA-sen> [ˡbasɛn] (verb)
1 (North-east), yes,
they would be
:_______________________________.
basen <BA-sen> [ˡbasɛn] (verb)
1 (North-east), yes, we
would be
:_______________________________.
basen nhw <BA-se-nu> [ˡbasɛnʊ] (verb)
1 (North-east) they
would be
:_______________________________.
basen ni <BA-se-ni> [ˡbasɛnɪ] (verb)
1 (North-east) we would
be
:_______________________________.
baset <BA-set> [ˡbasɛt] (verb)
1 (North-east) yes, you
would be
:_______________________________.
baset ti <BA-se-ti> [ˡbasɛtɪ] (verb)
1 (North-east)would be
:_______________________________.
Basg, PLURAL: Basgiaid <BASK, BASK-yaid, -yed> [basg,ˡbasgjaɪd,
-ɛd] (masculine noun)
1 Basque (= man from the
Basque Country)
:_______________________________.
Basg <BASK> [basg]
1 soft-mutated form of Pasg = Easter
ysgol Basg Easter school, Easter
conference
:_______________________________.
basged, PLURAL: basgedi <BA-sked, ba-SKEE-di> [ˡbasgɛd,
baˡsgeˑdɪ] (verb)
1 basket
:_______________________________.
Basgeg
<BA-skeg> [ˡbasgɛg] feminine noun
1 Basque = language, euskara
ETYMOLOGY: (Basg = Basque person) +
(-eg suffix for forming a noun or
adjective indicating a language)
:_______________________________.
basgrwth
<BAS-kruth> [ˡbasgrʊθ] masculine noun
PLURAL basgrythau
<bas-KRƏ-thai,
-e>
[basˡgrəθaɪ, -ɛ]
1 double bass
Also: dwbl bas
ETYMOLOGY: (bas = bass) + soft
mutation + (crwth = violin)
:_______________________________.
basle
<BAS-le> [ˡbaslɛ] masculine noun
PLURAL basleoedd
<bas-LEE-oidh, -odh> [basˡleˑɔɪð,
-ɔð]
1 shallow, shallows = a stretch of
shallow water
Basle ym mhlwyf Llangynfelyn,
Ceredigion, yw Traeth Maelgwn
Traeth Maelgwn (“the shore of Maelgwn”) is a shallow in the parish of
Llangynfelyn (in the county of) Ceredigion
ETYMOLOGY: (bas = shallow) + soft
mutation + (lle = place)
:_______________________________.
basn, PLURAL: basnau <BA-san, BA-snai, -e> [ˡbasan,
ˡbasnaɪ, -ɛ] (verb)
1 basin
:_______________________________.
baswn <BA-sun> [ˡbasʊn] (verb)
1 (North) yes (I would
be)
:_______________________________.
baswn i <BA-su-ni> [ˡbasʊnɪ] (verb)
1 (North) I would be
:_______________________________.
bataliwn, PLURAL: bataliynau <ba-TAL-yun,
ba-tal-YƏ-nai, -e> [baˡtaljʊn,
batalˡjənaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 battalion
:_______________________________.
batelu <ba-TEE-li> [baˡteˑlɪ] verb
1 to battle
ETYMOLOGY: (batel = battle) + (-u = suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: also batlo <BAT-lo> [ˡbatlɔ]
:_______________________________.
bàth, PLURAL: bàths <BATH, BATHS> [baθ, baθs] (masculine
noun)
1 bath
:_______________________________.
bàth adar <bath AA-dar> [baθ
ˡɑˑdar] (masculine noun)
1 bird bath
:_______________________________.
bathdy <BATH-di> [ˡbaθdɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL bathdai
<BATH-dai> [ˡbaθdaɪ]
1 mint, place for minting coins
Un lle sy byth yn brin o arian yw bathdy
Llantrisant ger Caer-dydd
One place which is never short of money is Llantrisant Mint near Caer-dydd
ETYMOLOGY: (bath-, stem of bathu = to coin) + soft mutation + (ty = house)
:_______________________________.
bathiad <BATH-yad> [ˡbaθjad] masculine noun
PLURAL bathiadau
<bath-YAA-dai, -e> [baθˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 coining, production of coins
2
coining = invention of a word
Roedd llawer yn amau doethineb bathiadau
newydd Tomos Edwards, Caerfallwch, megis “buddsoddi”, “nwy”, “daeareg”,
“degol”, “cyngerdd” ayyb ayyb
Many people were doubtful of (“doubted the wisdom of”) the new coinings of
Tomos Edwards, Caerfallwch, such as “buddsoddi” (to invest), “nwy” (gas),
“daeareg” (geology), “degol” (decimal), “cyngerdd” (concert) etc etc
3 drwgfathiad counterfeit
(drwg = bad)
ETYMOLOGY: (bath-, stem of bathu = to coin) + (-i-ad suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
bathrwm <BATH-rum> [ˡbaθrʊm] feminine noun
PLURAL bathrwms
<BATH-rumz> [ˡbaθrʊmz]
1 (colloquial) bathroom
ETYMOLOGY: English bathroom
NOTE: The standard word is ystafell
ymolchi (“room (of) washing oneself”); sometimes ystafell faddon (“room (of) bath”) is used
:_______________________________.
batlo <BAT-lo> [ˡbatlɔ] verb
1 battle, be at battle
Dal i fatlo... ein gohebydd yn holi
cyn-filwyr y mae eu bywyd yn dal yn faes y gad iddynt
Still at battle - our correspondent talks to ex-soldiers whose lives continue
to be a battlefield for them
ETYMOLOGY: (batl = battle) + (-o = suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: also batelu <ba-TEE-li> [baˡteˑlɪ]
:_______________________________.
Batus <BA-tis> [ˡbatɪs] masculine noun
PLURAL Batus <BA-tis> [ˡbatɪs]
(North Wales)
1 (colloquial) baptist
Batus Bach Scotch Baptist
Y Batus Bach nickname for David Lloyd George (1863-1945, prime minister
of the English state 1916-1922)
Does dim amheuaeth... yn ôl... erthygl bryfoclyd Lloyd George yn y Daily
Express fod y Batus Bach wedi swyno gan garisma Hitler (Golwg 10 03 94)
There is no doubt... according to... an incisive article by Lloyd George in the
Daily Express that the “Batus Bach” had been captivated by Hitler’s charisma
2 (colloquial) y Batus
(plural) = the Baptists
ETYMOLOGY: from English baptist
:_______________________________.
baw <BAU> [baʊ] masculine noun
1 dirt, shit, filth
bod yn faw i gyd be covered in muck (“be all
mud”)
Baw
o ddyn yw e He’s vermin (“(it is)
dirt of a man that-he-is”)
2
baw ci dogdirt, dogshit (from one
dog) (Amercian: also “dog hockey”) (“dirt (of a) dog”)
baw cŵn dogdirt, dogshit (from
many dogs) (“dirt (of) dogs”)
3
rhad fel baw dirt cheap
bod yn rhad fel baw be dirt cheap
“cheap like dirt / shit” (rhad =
cheap) + (fel = like) + (baw dirt / shit)
4 baw isa'r domen = the lowest of the low, the scum of the earth
(“(the) lowest dirt (of) the dungheap”)
5
ar eich baw (“on your dirt / shit”)
gadael (rhywun) ar ei faw to leave
(somebody) in the lurch
gadael (rhywun) yn y baw leave (someone)
in the lurch, let (somebody) down, leave (someone) to fend for himself (“leave
someone in the dirt”)
bod wedi’ch gadael yn y baw be
left in the lurch
:_______________________________.
bawcoed <BAU-koɪd> [ˡbaʊkɔɪd] masculine noun
(South Wales)
1 bawcod <BAU-kod> [ˡbaʊkɔd] fallen twigs and branches,
especially after a storm (used for a fire)
ETYMOLOGY: “rubbish of trees” (baw =
rubbish, dung, dirt) + (coed = wood,
trees) > baw-cóed > báw-coed
:_______________________________.
bawd <BAUD> [baʊd] masculine noun
PLURAL bodiau
<BOD-yai, -e> [ˡbɔdjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 thumb = short thick inner finger.
Also bys bawd
troi eich bodiau twiddle your thumbs
2
thumb = corresponding digit in other animals
3
thumb = part of a glove covering the thumb
4
bawd y troed big toe; plural bodiau'r traed. When the context is
obvious, simply bawd.
5 ôl
bawd thumbprint
6
in expressing clumsiness with the hands:
bod yn fodiau i gyd be all fingers
and thumbs, be very clumsy in handling things or performing handiwork (“be
thumbs all”)
Mae hwnnw yn fodiau i gyd His
fingers are all thumbs (“that person (that we are talking about but not
present) is thumbs all”)
Mae pob bys yn fawd ganddo He’s
clumsy with his fingers (“every finger is a thumb with him”)
7
modfedd inch. Literally “thumb
measure” - (mawd = thumb) + soft
mutation + (medd = measure)
8
modrwy ring. Literally
“thumb-binding” - (mawd = thumb) +
soft mutation + (rhwy, apparently
linked to rhwymo = to bind)
9 Nid ei di byth uwch bawd na sawdl You’ll never get anywhere,
you’ll never make it, You’re doomed to failure (“you won’t go higher than a toe
or a heel”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh bawd
< mawd < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Breton: meud;
NOTE: the confusion m > b is seen
in other Welsh words
(a) maban = little child > baban,
(b) Maredudd = man's name > Bedo
(c) modryb = aunt, bodo = auntie (in South-east Wales, bopa)
There is also the reverse process b >
m
(a) abwydyn = worm > bwydyn > mwydyn (diminutive form),
(b) benyw = woman > menyw
:_______________________________.
bawddyn
<BAW-dhin> [ˡbawðɪn] masculine noun
1
vile person
“Pawb a’i cenfydd, o bydd bai,
A bawddyn, er na byddai.”
Everyone will perceive it, if there is a fault,
And a vile person (will find
one) even though there isn’t (one)
(Goronwy Owen 1722 - 1769)
ETYMOLOGY: (baw = dirt) + soft
mutation + (dyn = man)
:_______________________________.
Beca <BE-ka> [ˡbɛka] (feminine
noun)
1 woman’s name,
shortened form of Welsh Rebeca (= English Rebecca)
2 Y Beca The Rebecca Riots (1840s; protests against tolls on roads)
Also helyntion Rebeca = The Rebecca
Riots, terfysg Beca = The Rebecca
Riots
:_______________________________.
bechan
<BEE-khan> [ˡbeˑxan] adjective
1 feminine form of bychan (= small, little, lesser)
Usually in the form fechan (with
soft mutation <b> [b] > <v> [v] ; soft mutation occurs to
the first consonant if it is mutable of an adjective which follows a feminine
noun)
(a) Graigfechan (the) little rock
(village SJ1454 in the county of Dinbych);
(b) Llanfair Fechan (the) little
‘Llanfair’ (= church of saint Mary). Village SH6874 in the county of Conwy
(c) Nedd Fechan (the) lesser Nedd, a
tributary of the Nedd river in south-east Wales
:_______________________________.
bechan
<BEE-khan> [ˡbeˑxan] feminine noun
1 little girl
Roedd y taid yn chwarae pip-po efo’i
wyres ieuangaf. Cuddiai ei wyneb y tu ôl i bapur newydd a gofyn 'Lle mae Taid?'
Pan fyddai’n symud y papur ac yn dweud, 'Dyma fo', byddai’r fechan yn chwerthin
nes bydd hi'n wan
The grandfather was playing peep-bo with his youngest granddaughter. He hid his
face behind a newspaper and asked “Where’s Granpop?” When he moved the paper
and said “Here he is!” the little girl laughed until she was weak (from
laughing)
2 mechan i my little one,
my little darling, sweetheart
(a) to a litle girl; (b) to a lover / spouse
= fy mechan i, fy (= my) + nasal
mutation + (bechan) + (i = (of) me)
ETYMOLOGY: use of the adjective bechan
as a noun. Feminine form of bychan
(= small, little).
:_______________________________.
Bechan
<BEE-khan> [ˡbeˑxan] feminine noun
1 Afon Bechan = river in the district of Maldwyn (county of Powys)
SO0798
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) river (called) Bechan”; apparently bechan, feminine form of bychan
(= small, little, lesser). If it were “the little river” we would expect “(yr)
Afon Fechan”
:_______________________________.
bechgyn (plural of bachgen) <BEKH-gin> [ˡbɛxgɪn]
1 boys; see bachgen
:_______________________________.
bechdan <BEKH-dan> [ˡbɛxdan] feminine noun
PLURAL bechdanau
<bekh-DAA-nai, -ne> [bɛxˡdɑˑnaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 form of the word brechdan; slice of bread and butter,
(Northern England: butty) (Scotland: piece)
bechdan jam bread and jam (bread and
butter with jam)
:_______________________________.
be-chi'n-galw, bechingalw ‹BEE-khin-GAA-lu › [ˡbeˑxɪn
ˡgɑˑlʊ] pronoun
1 a
what-d'y'-call-it, whatchamacallit, doodah (USA: hickey) (refrerring to
something the name of which is unknown or momentarily forgotten)
2 what's-it (to avoid a word
considered rude)
3 (South Wales) vagina, cunt
ETYMOLOGY: “(pa) beth (yr) (ych) chi yn (ei) galw” what do you call it / her
(pa = which ) + soft mutation + (peth = thing) + (yr
linking particle) + (ych chi you are) + (yn linking particle) + (ei
= its, her) + (galw = call)
:_______________________________.
becso <BEK-so> [ˡbɛksɔ] (verb)
1 to worry (from English
'to vex')
2 (South-west) becso’ch enaid be worried out of your mind (“worry your soul”)
:_______________________________.
bedd, PLURAL: beddau <BEEDH, BE-dhai, -dhe> [ˡbeːð,ˡbeˑðaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 grave
2 ysbeiliwr beddau grave robber
3 mynd fel y bedd go dead silent
Fe aeth hi fel y bedd You could have heard a pin drop, it went dead
quiet (“it went like the grave”) (“go like the grave”) (mynd = to go) +
(fel = like) + (y = the) + (bedd = grave)
4 cyn ddistawed â’r bedd as
silent as the grave
mor ddistaw â'r bedd as silent as the grave
5
carreg fedd gravestone, tombstone (carreg = stone) + soft mutation + (bedd = tomb, grave)
6
codi corff o fedd exhume a body
(“raise a body from a grave”)
7
yr ochr yma i’r bedd during one’s
lifetime, here on earth, before going to heaven (“on this side of the grave”)
:_______________________________.
beddargraff
<bedh-AR-graf> [bɛðˡargraf] masculine noun
PLURAL beddargraffiadau
<be-dhar-graf-YAA-dai,
-de> [bɛðargrafˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 epitaph, inscription (on
gravestone)
ETYMOLOGY: (bedd = grave) + (argraff = inscription)
:_______________________________.
Bedd Arthur
<beedh AR-thir> [beːð
ˡarθɪr] masculine
noun
1 SN1332 gravesite 5km west of Crymych (county of Penfro)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/301098
Bedd Arthur
(“The Geograph
British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs
and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) grave (of) Arthur; Arthur's Tomb / Grave” (bedd = grave) + (Arthur = Arthur)
:_______________________________.
Y Beddau
<ə BEE-dhai,
-dhe> [ə ˡbeˑðaɪ, -ɛ]
1 ST0585 locality in the county de
Rhondda-Cynon-Taf
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/357651 Sgwâr y Beddau / Beddau Square
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically
representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great
Britain and Ireland…”)
2
ST1487 name of a farm in Heol Trecennydd in the county of Caerffili
Heol y Beddau ST1586 name of a street in Caerffili near Gorsaf yr Aber /
Aber Station
“(the) street (of) Y Beddau”
ETYMOLOGY: y beddau = ‘the graves’ (plural of bedd = grave)
NOTE: in the south-east Beddau >
Bedda <BEE-dha> [ˡbeˑða]
:_______________________________.
beddrod
<BEDH-rod> [ˡbɛðrɔd] masculine noun
PLURAL beddrodau <bedh-ROO-dai, -de> [bɛðˡroˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 tomb
Y Beddrod Sanctaidd The Holy
Sepulchre, the grave where the body of Jesus Christ was placed after the Crucifixion
2
North-west Wales, obsolete bedrog = charnel house, building where bones or corpses are
deposited (?could this be the influence of the place name Llanbedrog SH3231 6km
south-west of Pwllheli, in the county of Gwynedd in north-west Wales. The change
of final d > g is otherwise very
unusual)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh beddrod < beddrawd; (bedd = grave) + soft mutation + (rhawd = course, route) < British *bedo-rât-
From the same British root: Breton bered
= grave, < bezred
:_______________________________.
Bedd Taliesin
<BEEDH ta-li-E-sin> [ˡbeːð
talɪˡɛsɪn] masculine
noun
SN6791
1 locality in the county of Ceredigion (“(the) grave (of) Taliesin”)
:_______________________________.
bedd wedi ei
wyngalchu <BEEDH
WE-di ɛi / i wən-GAL-khi> [ˡbeːð
ˡwɛdɪ əɪ / ɪ wənˡgalxɪ] masculine noun
1 a hypocritical person (literally
“whitewashed tomb, whited sepulchre”) = a person whose outward behaviour
conceals the person's innate badness; expression from the Bible (Matthew 23:27)
(beddau wedi eu gwyngalchu = whited
sepulchres)
2
something pleasing to see from the outside but inside corrupt
ETYMOLOGY: “a grave after its whitewashing” (bedd = grave) + (wedi =
after) + (ei = its) + soft mutation
+ (gwyngalchu = whitewashing, to
whitewash)
:_______________________________.
Bedd y Ci Du <BEEDH
ə KII DII> [ˡbeːð ə
ˡkiː ˡdiː]
1 (“(the) grave (of) the black dog”)
Lost field name in Y Rhath, Caer-dydd
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) grave (of) the black dog”
(bedd = grave) + (y = definite article) + (ci = dog) + (du
= black)
:_______________________________.
Bedd y Cawr
<BEEDH ə KAUR> [ˡbeːð
ə ˡkaʊr] 1 (SJ0172) locality in the county of Dinbych
(North-east Wales) (“(the) grave (of) the giant”)
:_______________________________.
be 'di
<BEE di> [ˡbeˑdɪ]
1 North
Wales (pa beth ydyw > beth ydi
> be 'di, sometimes written as bedi)
what is...?
:_______________________________.
bedi <BEE di> [ˡbeˑdɪ]
See be 'di
:_______________________________.
bedlam
<BED-lam> [ˡbɛdlam]
1 feminine noun; obsolete bedlam = a madhouse
Mae hi fel bedlam yma
It's bedlam here, it's like a madhouse in here (said of activity accompanied by
great confusion or noise)
2
feminine noun; bedlam = uproar;
bod yn fedlam wyllt be bedlam, be
complete uproar (“be wild bedlam”)
3
masculine noun; obsolete beggar, tramp; see bedlem
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English bedlam = madhouse, a corruption of
'Bethlehem', from the name of a hospital (Bethlehem Royal Hospital) by
Bishopsgate, in London. This was originally a priory called “Saint Mary of
Bethlehem”, founded in 1247 by the Sheriff of London, Simon FitzMary. In the
late 1300s it began to admit mental patients, becoming an official lunatic
asylum in the 1500s.
:_______________________________.
bedlan
<BED-lan> [ˡbɛdlan] masculine noun
1 North-west
Wales ar hyd y bedlan
continually, all along, all the time
ETYMOLOGY: probably from English peddling
= travelling as a pedlar
:_______________________________.
bedlem
<BED-lem> [ˡbɛdlɛm] masculine noun
PLURAL bedlemod,
bedlemiaid <bed-LE-mod,
bed-LEM-yaid, -ed> [bɛdˡlɛmɔd,
bɛdˡlɛmjaɪd, -ɛd]
1 obsolete
beggar, tramp (male); originally someone from a madhouse with a permit for
begging
2
Anodd rhyngu bodd bedlemod Beggars
are hard to please (because they think that a donation given them could be more
or better) (“(it is) hard pleasing beggars”)
ETYMOLOGY: form of bedlam = beggar
:_______________________________.
bedlemes
<bed-LE-mes> [bɛdˡlɛmɛs] feminine noun
PLURAL bedlemesau <bed-le-ME-se> [bɛdlɛˡmɛsaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 obsolete
beggar, tramp (female); see bedlem
y fedlemes = the female tramp
ETYMOLOGY: (bedlem = beggar) + (-es)
:_______________________________.
bedlema
<bed-LE-ma> [bɛdˡlɛma] verb
1
wander about
Lle buost ti'n bedlema c'yd? Where've
you been all this time? (someone who takes longer than expected to do an
errand) (“Where have you been wandering about all this time?”)
ETYMOLOGY: wander about < wander about begging (bedlem = beggar) + (-a)
:_______________________________.
Bedlinog
<bed-LII-nog> [bɛdˡliˑnɔg] feminine noun
SO0901
1 locality in the county of Merthyrtudful
Population: (1961) 3,992 (26% Welsh speakers)
Population: (1971) 4,050 (13% Welsh speakers)
NOTE: A fanciful name for the village is Beddllwynog / Bedd Llwynog, from
a belief that the name Bedlinog represents bedd y llwynog, “(the) grave
(of) the fox”
:_______________________________.
bedlwyn
<BED-luin> [ˡbɛdlʊɪn] masculine noun
1 birch grove. See bedwlwyn
:_______________________________.
Bedo <BEE-do> [ˡbeˑdɔ] masculine noun
1 man's name (pet form of Maredudd)
2
patronymic = son of Bedo, originally (before circa 1600) ap Bedo
3 fixed surname (“descendant of the son
of Bedo”) English form: Beddoe, Beddoes
ETYMOLOGY: diminutive of Maredudd,
probably from child language (spoken by or to small children); -o = diminitive suffix, the change of
the initial consonant m > b
occurs in other words in Welsh. See baban
= infant, benyw = woman
:_______________________________.
bedol
<BEE-dol> [ˡbeˑdɔl] f
1 soft mutated form of pedol
= horseshoe
y bedol = the horseshoe
:_______________________________.
Bedr <BEE-der> [ˡbeˑdɛr] masculine noun
1 soft-mutated form of Pedr = Peter
Llanbedr / Llambed <LHAN-bedr,-LHAM-bed> [ˡɬanbɛdr,ˡɬambɛd] (the) church (dedicated to)
Peter, Peter Church
Gw^yl Bedr Saint Peter’s Day, June
the twenty-ninth (“(the) feastday (of) Peter”)
Ffynnon Bedr Peter Well, (“(the)
well (of) Peter”)
:_______________________________.
bedw <BEE-du> [ˡbeˑdʊ]
collective noun
1 (plural of bedwen)
birches
feminine noun
2 birch grove, birch wood;
(a) Tynyfedw the smallholding by the
birch grove
(b) Cefn y Fedw
‘hill of the birch trees / of the birch wood’ Place by Rhiwabon. Called by the
English ‘Ruabon Mountain’
adjective
3 made of birch
gwialen fedw birch rod (for corporal
punishment)
:_______________________________.
Bedw <BEE-du> [ˡbeˑdʊ] feminine noun
1 SN3550
Afon Bedw = river in Ceredigion
:_______________________________.
Bedw <BEE-du> [ˡbeˑdʊ] feminine noun
1 birch grove, birch trees
Y Fedw the birch grove
2
Cefn y Fedw place by Rhiwabon.
Called by the English ‘Ruabon Mountain’
:_______________________________.
bedwan <BED-wan> [ˡbɛdwan] feminine noun
1 South-east
Wales form of bedwan = birch
tree
:_______________________________.
Bedward <BED-ward> [ˡbɛdward] masculine noun
1 telescoped form of ab Edward = (the) son (of) Edward; used
as a surname
:_______________________________.
Bedwas
<BED-was> [ˡbɛdwas] feminine noun
ST 1789
1 locality in Caerffili county, south-east Wales; population (1961)
c. 3000; proportion of Welsh-speakers (1961) 8%
2 parish
ETYMOLOGY: Bedwas < Bedwes (1566: Bedwes) < bedwos = small birch trees (bedw = birches) + (-os = diminitive suffix added to plural nouns)
:_______________________________.
bedwen
<BED-wen> [ˡbɛdwɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL bedw,
bedwenni <BEE-du> [ˡbeˑdʊ] <bed-WE-ni> [bɛdˡwɛnɪ]
1 Betula
pendula birch tree
Betula pendula is also called bedwen
arian, as in English ‘silver birch’
2 bedwen lwyd plural bedw llwydion Betula pubescens downy birch (literally “grey birch”)
Betula pubescens is also called bedwen gyffredin plural bedw cyffredin (“common birch”)
3 corfedwen; plural corfedw Betula nana dwarf birch
4 Bedwen / bedw is a common element in place names
..1/ Bedwarian street in Bryntirion,
Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
..2/ Glynbedw street name,
Llanbradach (county of Caerffili)
glyn y bedw = ‘valley (of) birches’
..3/ Heol y Bedw – “(the) street
(of) the birches”, or “(the) street (of) (the house called) Y Bedw”
....a/ Heol Bedw street name, Y
Porth (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
..4/ Heol y Bedwhirion street name,
Bedwellte (county of Caerffili) (‘tall birches’)
..5/ Penrhiwfedwen “pen rhiw y
fedwen” = the top of the slope with the birch tree
(Census, Llangynfelyn 1851: Troedrhiwfedwen / Thomas Jones / Born in Llanfihangel
Genau’r Glyn / Head of Household / Married / Age 78 / Pauper, farrier)
twyn y bedw = ‘hill of the birch trees’
..6/ Twynbedw street name in Y Porth
(county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
..7/ Y Fedwenarian (“Y Fedwen
Arian”) (= the silver birch) street name in Penymynydd (SJ3062) (county of Y
Fflint)
5 bédwlwyn, or bedlwyn birch grove, birch wood
Heol y Bedlwyn street in Tredegar
Newydd (county of Caerffili) (“Bedlwyn Road”)
6 llwyn bedw birch grove,
birch wood
Llwynbedw
.....(a) street name, Pen-coed, Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr county
.....(b) street name, Fforest-fach, Abertawe county
7 bedwos small birch
trees
Bedwas village in Caerffili county
< ‘bedwos’. The change of a final ‘o’ to ‘a’ in the south is to be seen in
the word ‘ofn’ = fear; this becomes a bisyllable colloquially ‘ofon’ , and in many places has
in turn become ‘ofan’ <OO-van> [ˡoˑvan]
8 Penbedw ‘headland of
birch trees’ Welsh name for Birkenhead, Wirral Peninsula, England
9 (feminine noun) birch grove, birch wood;
Y Fedw the birch grove, the birch
wood;
Tynyfedw the smallholding by the
birch grove
10 bedwen haf maypole
(“birch tree (of) summer”)
dawns y fedwen haf maypole dance
11 bedw (qualifier) birch
= made from birch
gwialen fedw birch rod (for corporal
punishment)
12 bedwenni (qv) birch trees
ETYMOLOGY: (bedw = birch trees) + (-en suffix for forming singulative
nouns); bedw < British *betw- < Celtic < Indoeuropean *gwet-
From the same British root:
Cornish bedhow (= birch trees),
Breton bezv (= birch trees),
From the same Hibernian root:
Irish: beith, plural beitheanna (= birch tree, birch trees),
Scottish beith, plural beithean (= birch tree, birch trees)
Cf Latin
(1) betula (= birch tree) (in
English as betula <BE-chə-lə> [ˡbɛʧələ] for the name of an example
of a birch species). Another related word in Latin is
(2) bitûmen (= tar) from which come
English bitumen and French béton (= concrete)
NOTE: South-east Wales: bedwan, bedwin
:_______________________________.
bedwenni <bed-WE-ni> [bɛdˡwɛnɪ]
1 birch trees
2 Bodwenni mansion by Llandderfel. The original name was Bedwenni (Merionethshire
Court of Quarter Sessions, 21 November 1781... Robert Evans of Bedwenni...)
3 Y Bedwenni (“the birch trees”) title
of a poem in Llyfr Du Caerfyrddin / The Black Book of Carmarthen c.1250
ETYMOLOGY: (bedwenn- < bedwen = birch tree, singulative form of bedw
= birch trees) + (-i plural suffix)
:_______________________________.
Bedwyr <BED-wir> [ˡbɛdwɪr] (masculine
noun)
1 man's name
:_______________________________.
bedydd <BEE-didh> [ˡbeˑdɪð] (masculine
noun)
1 baptism
2 mam fedydd, mamau bedydd godmother
tad a mam bedydd godfather and godmother, godparents (no soft mutation,
as it does not refer solely to the mother
3 tad bedydd, tadau bedydd godfather
tad a mam bedydd godfather and godmother, godparents (no soft mutation, as
it does not refer solely to the mother)
:_______________________________.
bedyddfaen
<be-DƏDH-vain> [bɛˡdəðvaɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL bedyddfeini
<be-dədh-VEI-ni> [bɛdəðˡvəɪnɪ]
1
baptismal font = stone vessel for holding baptismal water in a church
ETYMOLOGY: (bedydd- root of bedyddio = to baptise) + soft mutation
+ (maen = stone)
:_______________________________.
bedyddiad
<be-DƏDH-yad> [bɛˡdəðjad] masculine noun
PLURAL bedyddiadau
<be-dodh-YAA-dai, -de> [bɛdɔðˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
baptism
ETYMOLOGY: (bedydd- root of bedyddio = to baptise) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
bedyddio <be-DƏDH-yo> [bɛˡdəðjɔ] (verb)
1 to baptise
:_______________________________.
bedyddiol
<be-DƏDH-yol> [bɛˡdəðjɔl] adjective
1 baptismal
2
baptised
neb byw bedyddiol not a soul, not a
living soul (“nobody living (and) baptised”)
ni + yr un creadur byw bedyddiol not
a living soul (“not... the one baptised living creature”)
Doedd yno'r un creadur byw bedyddiol
There wasn’t a soul in the place, there was absolutely nobody there
ETYMOLOGY: (bedydd-, stem of the
verb bedyddio = to baptise) + (-iol, suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
bedyddiwr <BE-DƏDH-YUR> [bɛˡdəðjʊr]
masculine
noun
PLURAL bedyddwyr <BE-DƏDH-WIR> [bɛˡdəðwɪr]
1 baptist =
a person who baptises
Ioan Fedyddiwr John the Baptist, the name given to the Jesus’s disciple
John
2 Bedyddiwr Baptist = member
of a non-conformist Protestant church
Addoldy’r Bedyddwyr (the) Baptist Chapel
Bedyddiwr yr Alban Scotch Baptist
Bedyddiwr Bara Caws (nickname) Scotch Baptist (“baptist (of) bread (and)
cheese”)
3 Bedyddiwr Caeth Strict Baptist
ETYMOLOGY: (bedydd-i-, stem of bedyddiwr
= to baptise) + (-i-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
Bedyddwyr <be-DƏDH-wir> [bɛˡdəðwɪr]
1 Baptists; plural of Bedyddiwr (qv)
:_______________________________.
beirdd
<beirdh> [bəɪrð]
1 poets; plural of bardd = poet
talwrn y beirdd competition amongst
poets
:_______________________________.
Befan <BEE-van> [ˡbeˑvan]
1
Surname. English spelling: “Bevan”
ETYMOLOGY: ‘son of John’ or ‘son of Evan’ Befan
< ab Efan (ab = son) + (Efan,
variant of Ifan = John)
:_______________________________.
Begw ‹BEE-gu› [ˡbeˑgʊ] (feminine
noun)
1 woman's name;
diminutive of Marged (Margaret)
:_______________________________.
begwn
<BEE-gun> [ˡbeˑgʊn] masculine noun
PLURAL begynau,
begwns <be-Gə-nai,
-ne, BEE-gunz> [bɛˡgənai, -ɛ, ˡbeˑgʊnz]
1 beacon = hilltop
2
beacon = hilltop bonfire as a warning sign
3
ST2289 Y Begwns (“the beacons”) local name for Bannau Brycheiniog (“(the) peaks (of) (the territory of)
Brycheiniog”), also known as Y Bannau
(the peaks)
English name: Brecon Beacons, The Beacons
4
Pen y Begwn SO2436 (677m) mountain 6km south of Y Gelligandryll
(“(the) summit (of) the beacon”)
(pen = peak, top) + (y = definite article) + (begwn = hill, beacon hill)
English name: Hay Bluff
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/14642
ETYMOLOGY: English beacon < Old English “beacen”
(= sign)
NOTE: there is also a variant pegwn,
with p instead of b
:_______________________________.
beibl
(“beibil”) <BEIBL,
BEI-bil> [bəɪbl, ˡbəɪbɪl] masculine noun
PLURAL beiblau
<BEI-blai, -e> [ˡbəɪblaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 bible = a book with the sacred
writings of a religion
2
y Beibl the Bible = the sacred texts
of the Christian religion;
the Protestant Bible consists of the Old Testament and the New Testament;
the Roman Catholic Church has in addition to these the Apocrypha.
Note on the Bible in Welsh:
a) The New Testament was first translated, mainly from the Greek,
by William Salesbury (c1529-95); it appeared in 1567 (when he was aged c36/37).
b) It served as the basis for a complete edition of the Bible which
appeared 21 years later, in 1588, the work of Richard Morgan (c1547-1604) (when
aged c40/41), the Bishop of Llanelwy.
Based on the Greek and Hebrew Bible, with reference also to the Latin Vulgate,
the Latin version of Sanctes Pagninus and the English Geneva Bible (a version
produced by English exiles in this city in the year 1560)
c) Richard Parry (1560-1623), his successor as Bishop of Llanelwy,
published a revised version thirty-two years later, in 1620 (when aged 60).
He was probably assisted by his chaplain, John Davies (1570-1644).
This was the Bible in general use until the publication of the
Beibl Cymraeg Newydd (“the New Welsh-language Bible”) in 1988, and has had a
profound influence on the Welsh language (idioms, personal and place names, the
literary language).
The Hebraisms of Richard Morgan were rejected by Parry, who seems to have
attempted to make his revised version conform to the King James's
English Bible, the so-called Authorised Version, which had appeared
nine years earlier, in 1611.
3 y Beibl Cysegr-lân the
Holy Bible, Holy Writ (“sacred-pure”, pure and holy)
4
tyngu (rhywbeth) ar y Beibl swear
(something) on the Bible
5
bod yn olau yn eich Beibl be
well-versed in one's Bible (“be light / enlightened in your Bible”)
6 iaith y Beibl Bible
Welsh, the Welsh used in the Bible regarded as a literary standard (“(the)
language (of) the Bible”)
7 bible = an authoritative book
beibl y pysgotwr the fisherman's
bible
ETYMOLOGY: beibl < English bible
< 1200+ Old French
< medieval Latin biblia (= books,
the sacred books)
< Greek biblia, plural of biblion (= book), diminutive form of biblos (= papyrus)
< Byblos (Βύβλος)
the Greek name of the port in Phonecia from
which the Greeks brought papyrus that came from Egypt. In Phonecian the city
was called Gebal (earlier Gubla). Today it is within Lebanon, and in Arabic is Jbeil
(جبيل Ǧubayl): it was known as Gibelet
during the time of the Crusades.
In the Welsh Bible there is a reference to builders from the port city who
worked on Solomon’s Temple
Brenhinoedd-1, 5:18, (17) A'r brenin a orchmynnodd ddwyn ohonynt hwy
feini mawr, a meini costus, a meini nadd, i sylfaenu y ty^. (18) Felly seiri
Solomon, a seiri Hiram, a'r Gibliaid, a naddasant, ac a ddar-parasant goed a
cherrig i adeiladu'r ty^
Kings-1 5:18 (17) And the king commanded, and they brought great stones,
costly stones, and hewed stones, to lay the foundation of the house.
(18) And Solomon's builders and Hiram's builders did hew them, and the
stonesquarers: so they prepared timber and stones to build the house.
NOTE: Beibil,
colloquial spelling
:_______________________________.
Beiblaidd <BEI-blaidh, -bledh> [ˡbəɪblaɪð,
-ɛð] adjective
1 biblical = of the Bible
Bu cyfnod yn ddiweddar pan nad oedd bri
ar alw plant wrth enwau Beiblaidd
There was a period of late when it wasn't fashionable to give children Biblical
names
Enillwyr rowndiau terfynol Cwis
Beiblaidd Cymru a gynhaliwyd yn Aberystwyth yn ddiweddar
The winners of the final rounds of the Bible Quiz of Wales held recently in
Aberystwyth
Roedd ganddo ddosbarth Beiblaidd
yn y capel
He had a Bible class in the chapel
Yr oedd iaith Feiblaidd lân ar ei wefus
bob gair
He spoke elegant Biblical Welsh (“there was pure Biblical language on his lip
every word”)
ETYMOLOGY: (Beibl = Bible) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Beibl teuluol
‹BEI bil
tei LI ol› (masculine noun)
1 family Bible
:_______________________________.
beic, PLURAL: beiciau ‹BEIK, BEIK ye›
(masculine noun)
1 bike
ETYMOLOGY: English bike, an
altered clipped form of bicycle
:_______________________________.
beichiogrwydd
‹bei-khi-o-gruidh› masculine noun
1 pregnancy = period in which a
female is pregnant
2 gwisg beichiogrwydd
maternity dress
ETYMOLOGY: (beichiog = pregnant) + (-rwydd = suffix)
:_______________________________.
beic modur ‹beik MO dir› (masculine noun)
1 motor bike
:_______________________________.
beidr ‹bei -dir› feminine noun
1 (in Sir Benfro and Godre
Ceredigion, i.e. the southern portion of the county of Ceredigion) lane, farm
drive
y feidr = the lane
Pen-feidr SN1750 pen y feidr
“(the) top (of) the lane, or farm drive” (farm name, Y Ferwig - Ceredigion)
(delw 7499)
ETYMOLOGY: from Irish (from an older form of modern
Irish bóthar = road, originally with
the sense of ‘cow track’; Irish bó =
cow)
NOTE: there is a variant with m
replacing b, namely meidr. This occurs in other words – the
confusion results because both b and
m have a soft-muated form with ‹v› – feidr,
and the wrong radical consonant becomes general
(1) bainc > mainc (= bench)
(2) bath > math (= type)
(3) benyw > menyw (= woman)
(4) Banon > Manon (woman’s name)
:_______________________________.
beili ‹bei li> masculine noun
PLURAL: beilïau <bei-LII-ai,
-e›
1
(South-east Wales) courtyard,
forecourt of a house surrounded by a low wall
Y Beili SO0460 name of a farm south-west of Llandrindod, Powys (“Beili”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1049851
Y Beili-mawr SO1263 (“the great forecourt”) name of farm south-east of
Pen-y-bont and north-east of Llandrindod, Powys (“Bailey Mawr”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1263
Beili-einon SO0761 (“Bailey Einon”) (“(the) forecourt (of) Einion /
Einon”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO0761
name of farm east of Llandrindod, Powys (“Beili”)
2
bailey = outermost wall of a castle
Y Beilïa ‹ə bei-li-a›
- the name of the castle walls of Llantrisant
(South-east Wales). In the south-east ‘au’ in a final syllable is pronounced as
‘a’.
3
ward, bailey; = open space within the walls of a castle
mwnt a beili (“mound and bailey /
walled courtyard”) - motte and bailey (type of castle construction typical of
the norman invaders - on top of a mound was constructed a keep (the innermost
and strongest building in a castle) surrounded by a “bailey” (= courtyard)
within a surrounding wall)
4 Yr
Hen Feili The Old Bailey, the Central Criminal Court in London, so called
because it was built in the ancient bailey between the city gates of Ludgate
and Newgate
ETYMOLOGY: English bailey <
French 1300- baille (= enclosed
yard), from the verb bailler (= to
enclose) < baile (= stake, fortification)
< Latin baculum (= stick)
NOTE: Used in Cambrian English (a form of English used in Wales with influences
from the Welsh language) – “Go and wash the back beili down” (= Go and clean
the back yard).
Example from ‘The Valley Phrasebook’ from a website dedicated to Cwm Sirhywi.
(http://www.geocities.com/jenks436)
:_______________________________.
beili ‹bei li> masculine noun
PLURAL: beilïaid <bei-LII-aid,
-ed›
1 bailiff = landowner's steward
2 bailiff = a sheriff's officer who serves summons and writs, and has the power
of arrest (Scotland: sheriff officer)
fel beili mewn sesiwn like a
bailiff in a court session
mor fusnesus â beili mewn sesiwn as meddlesome / prying as a bailiff in
a court session
bod yn brynnach na gras mewn beili
be scarcer than [good] grace
in a bailiff
Cwynfan Tafarn-wraig. Richard Parry. Blodeugerdd y Cymry,
gan Amryw Awdurwyr. Trydydd argraffiad. (Treffynnon, 1823)
Yna dae 'r Baili boliog,
Мог
wirion yr un warrog,
A hen lwynog yn ei lid:
Myn'd a'm Près a'm Efydd,
A'm dysglau pewter newydd,
Hyll ddigwilydd oll i gyd.
Ymddiddan Rhwng Hwn Wr a Mebyn. Dafydd Thomas. Blodeugerdd
y Cymry, gan Amryw Awdurwyr. Trydydd argraffiad. (Treffynnon, 1823)
Goreu mawredd i ti ymeiriach,
Rhag tynnu melldith ar a feddach ;
Fe fydd pob baili hyll drwy'r hollwlad,
Yn mhob cweryl heb ddim cariad.
(::a)ETYMOLOGY: English bailie, a variant of bailiff.
Middle English baillie <
Old French bailli c. 1300, a variant of baillif.
Modern French has (though no longer in general use) bailli (=
bailiff, magistrate, judge)
English bailiff < Middle English
baillif. Anglo-French (baille = custody) + (suffix -if). Old Fench baille from the verb
baillier (= take, seize,
transfer, take care of something) < Latin bāiulāre
(= carry on the back or in the arms) < bāiulus
(= a porter, a carrier).
NOTE: also beiliff, beliff; and the spelling baili = beili.
NOTE: London, 1825.
Observations on some of the dialects in the West of England particularly with a
glossary of words now in use there ; and poems and other pieces, exemplifying
the dialect. by James Jennings, Honorary Secretary of the Metropolitan Library
Institution, London. Glossary of words commonly used in the County of
Somerset; but which are not accepted as legitimate words of the English
language ; or words which, although once used generally, are now become
provincial.
Baily. s. A bailiff; a superintendant of an estate.
:_______________________________.
beic mynydd ‹beik MƏ nidh›
(masculine noun)
1 mountain
bike
:_______________________________.
beio ‹BEI-o› (verb)
1 (verb with an object) to blame
Peidiwch â’ch beio’ch hunan Don’t
blame ourself
:_______________________________.
beirdd ‹BEIRDH› (plural)
1 poets; see bardd
:_______________________________.
beirniad
‹beirn-yad› masculine noun
PLURAL beirniaid
‹beirn-yed›
1 critic
2
adjudicator, judge = person who decides the winner in a contest
3
obsolete = person presiding a court
who decides or announces a verdict
4
Y Beirniad monthly magazine of which
82 issues appeared in the twenty years between 1859 and 1879
5
Y Beirniad quarterly magazine under
the editorship of John Morris-Jones which appeared in the nine years between
1911 and 1920
ETYMOLOGY: (barn = opinion) + (-iad, suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
beirniadaeth
‹beirn-yâ-deth› feminine noun
PLURAL beirniadaethau
‹beirn-ya-dei-the›
1 criticism = expression of
disapproval
y feirniadaeth = the critcism
Un llym ei feirniadaeth ar
genedlaetholdeb oedd, a bu ganddo ryw gasineb rhyfedd tuag at yr iaith Gymraeg,
yr unig iaith a siaradai yn blentyn
He was very critical of nationalism and bore some strange hatred towards the
Welsh language, the only language he spoke when he was a child
2
criticism = evaluation
beirniadaeth lenyddol literary
criticism
3
adjudication = act of delivering the verdict of a panel of adjudicators;
especially the adjudication after a performance in an eisteddfod
Canodd côr arall, ac yna cafwyd y
feirniadaeth
Another choir sang, and then the adjudication was delivered / given
ETYMOLOGY: (beirniad = adjudicator)
+ (-iaeth suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
beirniadol
‹ beirn-yâ-dol › adjective
1 critical
bod yn feirniadol o = be critical of
ETYMOLOGY: (beiniad- stem of the
verb beriniadu = to criticise) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
beirniadu ‹beirn YA di› (verb)
1 to criticise
:_______________________________.
beiro, PLURAL: beiros ‹BEI ro, BEI ros›
(masculine noun)
1 biro
:_______________________________.
beisicl, PLURAL: beisicls ‹BEI si kəl, BEI si kəls› (masculine
noun)
1 bicycle
:_______________________________.
bele ‹be-le› masculine
noun
PLURAL beleod
‹be-lê-od›
1 marten = animal of the genus
Martes, agile, with a slender body and a bushy tail.
2 bele’r coed (Martes martes) pine marten. Has dark brown fur and a yellowish patch on the throat
3 blew bele sable, skin
of a marten
ETYMOLOGY: British < Celt < bhelewo-
< bhel (= white, shining).
Related word: English feline (=
pertaining to cats) < Latin fêlînus
< fêlês (= cat, marten)
:_______________________________.
Belg ‹BELG› masculine
noun
PLURAL Belgiaid
‹BELG-yaid, -yed›
1 Belg, a member of the Belgae people
living in northern Gaul in the first century BC and in southern Britain (Venta
Belgarum, the market place of the Belgs, the Roman name for Winchester). The
Belgae seem to have been of Germanic origin, but had adopted Gaulish as their
language after settling east of the Rhine river.
Gwlad Belg Belgium
gwlad Belg < gwlad y Belg (“Belg-land”,
“(the) country (of) the Belg”) (though probably based on Belg- first syllable of the English / Latin name Belgium < Belg member
of the Gaulish tribe called Belgae in Latin)
ETYMOLOGY: Possibly from Proto-Celtic *belo (= bright)
:_______________________________.
Belgiad ‹BELG-yad› masculine noun
PLURAL Belgiaid
‹BELG-yaid, -yed›
1 Belgian
Rhodfa’r Belgiaid “(the) walk / promenade (of) the Belgians”. A promenade in Porthaethwy (Ynys Môn)
built by Belgian refugees in World War 1.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/381413 Rhodfa’r Belgiaid
ETYMOLOGY: (Belg, from the name of the Celtic inhabitants of the
area, Belgae in Latin; though the name is more likely an adaptation of
the English name Belgium:
(Belg- first syllable of the
English / Latin name Belgium) + (-i-ad noun suffix indicating nationality)
Cf Dutch België, French Belgique
:_______________________________.
Beljan ‹bel-jan› masculine noun
PLURAL Beljans
‹bel-jans›
1 Belgian. A colloquial form; in the standard language it is Belgiad ‹belg-yad›
ETYMOLOGY: English Belgian
:_______________________________.
bellach ‹BE lhakh› (adverb)
1 now
:_______________________________.
bellaf ‹be-lhav › adverb
1 furthest
Pwy sy’n gallu cyrraedd bellaf? Who
can reach the furthest? Who has the longest reach?
:_______________________________.
belman ‹bel-man› masculine noun
1 (obsolete) town crier, official who makes public announcements,
attracting the attention of the public by ringing a bell
Standard form: crïwr tref
ETYMOLOGY: English bellman (bell) + (man)
:_______________________________.ñ
belongio ‹be-long-yo› verb
(South Wales)
1 blongid i belong = be a
possession of
2 blongid i (member of a
family) be related to
ETYMOLOGY: English belong < (be- intensifying prefix) + (long- = great in length) “to reach”. Cf
German belangan (= to sue, to
prosecute)
NOTE: (1) Colloquially blongo, blongid,
blonged
(2) Also: Transactions of the Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society Part 5; t125
M H Jones April 1906
Dimetian Dialect blyngad = belong
:_______________________________.
bêm ‹beem› masculine noun
PLURAL bemau,
bemydd ‹be-me,
be-midh›
South-west Wales (Ceredigion, Caerfyrddin)
1 beam = long piece of wood, originally a tree trunk, used in construction;
long piece of metal used in construction
ETYMOLOGY: English beam, now ‹biim› ,
but the Welsh word preserves the older English pronunciation with a long “e”,
< Old English “beam” (= tree), cf German der Baum (= tree)
:_______________________________.
ben ‹ben› feminine noun
PLURAL benni ‹be-ni›
1 cart
y fen = the cart
2 place names:
(1) Pont-rhyd-y-fen (Glyn-nedd ac
Aberafan) (“bridge by the ford of the cart”),
(2) Pantybenni (by Llangurig, Powys)
(“hollow of the carts”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ben < British benn- = (cart).
In Gaulish benna (= vehicle; woven
basket), the origin of modern French banne
(= cart). and benne (= cart). The
Indo-European root is *bhend (= to
bind)
NOTE: There is a variant men (qv)
with the initial consoant “b” confused with “m”
:_______________________________.
benbaladr
‹ben-pa-la-dər› adjective
1 soft mutation of penbaladr
all, the whole, from end to end
Usually in the expression Cymru
benbaladr all Wales
Glasenwau Gogleisiol o Gymru Benbaladr
Amusing Nicknames from all over Wales Article in Llafar Gwlad (=‘speech (of)
country’, oral tradition), Gwanwyn (= Spring) 1985
drwy’r wlad benbaladr all over the
country, throughout the country
:_______________________________.
ben bore ‹ben bô-re› adverb
1 first thing in the morning, very early in the morning (“(at) (the)
beginnng (of) (the) morning”)
:_______________________________.
benbwygilydd ‹ben-bui-gî-lidh› adjective
1 soft mutation of penbwygilydd
(qv) from one end to the other
Cymru benbwygilydd all Wales, the whole of Wales
:_______________________________.
bendigedig ‹ben di GE dig›
(adjective)
1 fantastic, wonderful
O gopa’r bryn yr oedd golygfa fendigedig From the top of the hill there
was a splendid view
:_______________________________.
bendith, PLURAL: bendithion ‹BEN dith, ben DITH yon› (masculine noun)
1 blessing
drwy fendith Duw with the blessing
of God, with God’s blessing
dan fendith Duw with the blessing of
God, with God’s blessing
dymuno pob bendith i rywun wish somebody every blessing
dymuno pob bendith i rywun i’r dyfodol wish somebody every blessing for the future, for the times ahead
dymunwn bob bendith iddo ar ei ymddeoliad we
wish him every blessing on the occasion of his retirement
Mae Mr Evans yn gwella'n weddol
ar ôl cyfnod hir o waeledd. Pob bendith
iddo. Mr. Evans is making a fair recovery after a long period of
illness. We wish him every blessing (“every blessing to him”)
Duw a’th fendithio may God bless you
bendith Duw arnat may God bless you (“(the) blessing (of) God on
you”)
llawn bendithion full of blessing
byw bywyd llawn bendithion live a
life full of blessing
2 blessing, grace = short prayer before a
meal asking that the food be blessed and expressing thanks
gofyn bendith to ask a blessing
rhoi’r fendith to give the blessing
dweud bendith say a blessing
dweud y fendith say the blessing, to
give the blessing
3 bendith gudd, bendithion cudd a
blessing in disguise
cyfri’ch bendithion count your
blessings
4 dyna fendith... what a
blessing..., how fortunate... (“there’s a blessing ‹that...› )
dyna fendith na fu rhaid i chi fynd yno how fortunate that you didn’t have to go
there
5 rhoddi sêl bendith i rywbeth give something
the seal of approval
:_______________________________.
bendithio ‹ben DITH yo› (verb)
1 to bless
:_______________________________.
Bengaleg ‹ben GAA leg› (f)
1 Bengali (the language)
yr iaith Fengaleg the Bengali
language
y Fengaleg the Bengali language
:_______________________________.
benfelen
‹ben- vê-len› adjective
1 soft mutation of penfelen,
feminine form of penfelyn (=
“yellow-head”, yellow-haired)
Elen Benfelen
a'r Tair Arth Goldilocks and the Three
Bears
:_______________________________.
Bengrych ‹ben-grikh› adjective
1 epithet = curly-haired
2 surname of the Welsh borderland, especially in the counties on the
English side; anglicised as “Bengry”
ETYMOLOGY: bengrych < pengrych (= curly-haired). The soft
mutation of the initial consonant is typical of adjectives used as epithets
after a name – for example, *Ieuan Pengrych > Ieuan Bengrych (“curly-haired John”)
:_______________________________.
Y Benllech ‹ə ben-lhekh›
feminine noun
1 SH5182 locality in the
county of Môn (North Wales).
The local form is Benllach
yn y Benllech in Y Benllech
ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) +
soft mutation + (penllech = flat
stone, flat slab).
penllech = ‘top stone’ (pen = top) + soft mutation + (llech = slab, stone) > *penlech > penllech
(soft mutation n-l generally becomes
unmutated n-ll)
The stone referred to is the cromlech in the centre of the village
NOTE: See also the place name Penllech
:_______________________________.
benthyca ‹ben THƏ ka›
(verb)
1 to borrow, to lend
:_______________________________.
benthyg ‹BEN thig› (masculine noun)
1 loan
:_______________________________.
benwan ‹ben-wan› adjective
1 soft-mutated form of penwan
(= idiotic, foolish)
Siarl Benwan Charles the Simple
:_______________________________.
benyw, PLURAL: benywod ‹BE niu, be NIU od›
(feminine noun)
1 woman
y fenyw = the woman
:_______________________________.
ber ‹ber› feminine or masculine noun
PLURAL berrau
‹be-re›
1 (obsolete) leg; survives in certain fixed expressions e.g.
Mae wedi estyn y fer He’s dead and
buried, he’s six foot under, he’s pushing up the daisies
(“He has extended the leg”)
Wedi i’r elor gerbyd gyrraedd ar gyfer hen annedd Janet Williams, safodd y
ceffylau yn sydyn. ... Safai y ddau geffyl fel pe wedi eu hoelio wrth y ddaear
heb symud ber Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (= Anne Harriet
Hughes 1852-1910) t161
After the hearse arrived opposite Janet Williams’s old house, the horses
stopped suddenly.. the two horses stood as if nailed to the ground without
moving a leg
2
bergam (obsolete) bow-legged,
bandy-legged
(ber = leg) + soft mutation + (cam = crooked)
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
*ber ‹ber›
1 Celtic and British element (= to carry) found in various words in
modern Welsh.
In Irish and Scottish it occurs as a verb beir
(= carry).
Also in non-Celtic languages, from the same Indo-European root as the word in
Celtic:
English to bear,
Greek pherein = (to bring, as in the
English word of Greek origin “paraphernalia”)
Welsh words with the element *ber (in
some still a recognisable element, though with soft mutation > fer):
..1/ aber = confluence, estuary
..2/ adfer = restore
..3/ arfer = practise
..4/ cymer = confluence
..5/ diabred = withheld, held back,
refused
..6/ diferu = to drip
..7/ gofer = ditch, stream
..8/ possibly also llifeiriant (=
flow, flowing) (llif = flow,
flowing, + *ber, + suffix -iant)
:_______________________________.
y Berch ‹ə berkh› feminine noun
1 (SH3936) local name of Aber-erch
(county of Gwynedd)
Probably Aber-érch > Ab’rérch
> Ab’érch > Yb’érch > Y B’érch / Y Berch
:_______________________________.
berf, PLURAL: berfau ‹BERV, BER ve› (feminine noun)
1 verb
:_______________________________.
berfa, PLURAL: berfâu ‹BER va, ber VAI›
(feminine noun)
1 wheelbarrow
2 cario mwg mewn berfa (“carry smoke in
a wheelbarrow”) try to do the impossible
Also: cario mwg mewn hwilber (“carry smoke in a wheelbarrow”)
:_______________________________.
berfedd gaeaf
‹ber-vedh gei-a› adverb
1 in the depths of winter
ETYMOLOGY: ‘middle (of) winter’ (perfedd
= middle, centre) + (gaeaf =
winter). Adverbial phrases in Welsh are indicated by the soft mutation of the
first consonant of the first word, thus perfedd
> berfedd
:_______________________________.
berfeddion y nos
‹ber-vedh-yon noos› adverb
1 in the middle of the night
ETYMOLOGY: ‘middles (of) night’ (perfeddion,
plural de perfedd = middle, centre) + (nos
= night). Adverbial phrases in Welsh are indicated by the soft mutation of the
first consonant of the first word, thus perfeddion
> berfeddion
:_______________________________.
Y Berfeddwlad
‹ə ber-vedh-wlad› feminine noun
1 medieval territory situated between the countries of Powys and Gwynedd;
later it became known as Gwynedd Is Conwy. It was made up of the four cantreds
(cantrefi) of Dyffryn Clwyd, Rhos, Rhufoniog, Tegeingl.
ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) +
soft mutation + (perfeddwlad =
middle territory, buffer country); (perfedd
= middle) + soft mutation + (gwlad =
country)
:_______________________________.
bergam ‹ber-gam › adjective
1 (obsolete) bow-legged, bandy-legged
2
(Query – can anybody provide information?) Does the street name ‘Vergam
Terrace’ in Aber-gwaun / Fishguard, county of Penfro, have any connection with
this word?
ETYMOLOGY: (ber = leg) + soft
mutation + (cam = crooked)
:_______________________________.
Y Bermo
‹ə ber-mo› feminine noun
1 town in the county of Gwynedd; The standard form is Abermaw ‹a-ber-mau›
Population: 2,104 (1961); proportion of Welsh-speakers: 58% (1961)
2 a parish at this place
ETYMOLOGY: Y Bermo < Abérmo < Abérmaw < Aber-máw ‹a-ber-mau› <
Aber-máwdd ‹a-ber-maudh› “estuary (of the
river) Mawdd”
(1) The present name of the river is Mawddach,
with a suffix –ach
(2) Maw < Mawdd;
The loss of a final ‹dh› is seen in other words in Welsh –
....(a) Dewi = David, anciently Dewydd,
....(b) ohono = from him, in Middle
Welsh ohonodd;
(3) shift of accent - Abérmaw ‹a-ber-mau› <
Aber-maw ‹a-ber-mau› . A similar case
is Abér-ffraw
< Aber-ffráw
(4) Abérmo < Abérmaw Colloquially a final diphthong ‹au› is simplified to
become the vowel ‹o› . Also in the case of Abérffro < Abérffraw
(5) Y Bermo < Abérmo. The first vowel ‹a› loses
its quality, and becomes neutral, and is confused with the definite article
“y”. Also in the case of Y Berffro
< Abérffro (name of a place in
Ynys Môn)
NOTE: The English name is “Barmouth”, a reworking of “Y Bermo” to make
something English-sounding.
(1) Coincidentally the final element “mo” suggests 'mouth', which is the
meaning of 'aber'.
(2) “Bar” may be because in English the name had been pronounced “barmo” (-er-
in English words has in general become -ar- in England, if not in the USA.
Hence Derby, clerk, Berk(e)ley, etc, all pronounced -ar- in Englandic).
(3) 'Bar' also suggests 'sandbar', which is easily associated with the idea of
'river mouth'.
(4) In “Modern Place-names in Great Britain and Ireland” (Adrian Room, 1983)
the author quotes Lewis (1849) who explains that the English name had been
adopted 81 years earlier, in 1768 ‘at a meeting of the masters of the vessels
belonging to the port, when, in consideration of the increase in shipping, it
was deemed expedient to have an English name inscribed upon the sterns of the
vessels.’
BUT: Y Cymmrodor. Vol. XXXVIII. 1927. Merioneth Notes.
By T. P. ELLIS, I.C.S. (retired), M.A., F.R.Hist.S., Author of
"Welsh Tribal Law and Custom"
These maps are of some interest also with regard to the name ‘Barmouth’. Some
years ago a note appeared in "Byegones” to the effect that in 1768 the
web-merchants of the neighbourhood met in conclave and decided on changing the
existing name of ‘Abermawe’ to Barmouth, as more pronounceable than the
original. The story is ben trovato, but inaccurate. The map of
1578 contains the name ‘Barmouth’. The change probably occurred about the time
of Henry VII's activities.
:_______________________________.
beriau ‹ber-yai› feminine noun
PLURAL berieuau
‹ber-yei-e›
1 (obsolete) short yoke
ETYMOLOGY: (ber, feminine form of byr = short) + (iau (feminine noun) = yoke)
:_______________________________.
berieuus ‹ber- yei -is› adjective
1 (obsolete) short-yoked, having a short yoke
2
There is a possible instance of the use of the adjective berieuus as a plural noun with plural suffix -au > berieuusau (=
the short-yoked ones, the short-yoked oxen) in a (lost) Caer-dydd field name.
John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911) notes as a
field name in the year 1709 in Llan-daf
“Dwy Erw yr Byriousa”.
He interprets this as Dwy Erw’r Berieuusau (which he writes ‘dwy-erw-y
byrieuwysau’) – and translates as “the two acres of the short-yoked oxen”.
ETYMOLOGY: (beriau = short yoke) + (-us suffix for forming adjectives)
NOTE: The local south-eastern form could conceivably be Byriousa as in the 1709 form
...(a) Loss of a syllable through contraction of ‘eu-u’ ‹be-ri-ei- i -se› > ‹be-ri- ei -se›
...(b) final -au > south-eastern -a,
...(c) penult -eu > southern -ou- ‹oi› ,
...(d) the obscuring of a vowel in a pretonic first syllable is also a southern
feature (resulting in y ‹ə› )
:_______________________________.
Rhos-y-bers ‹hroos ə BERS›
1 farm (Rhos-berse) south of Coed-poeth (Wrecsam)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2850
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) moor (of) Y Bers / Bersham”
:_______________________________.
berth
‹berth› adjective
1 (obsolete) fair,
beautiful
Magent hi yn anwyl, anwyl,
Fel rhodd ferth o ddwylaw Duw
(“Tanybryn”, poem by Twynog (1912))
They raised her lovingly
As a beautiful gift from God
ETYMOLOGY: from the IE root *bherəg-
(= bright), from which comes also English bright;
also in Welsh in the compound prydferth
(= beautiful)
(pryd = aspect) + soft mutation + (berth)
NOTE: also occurs as merth (= fair,
beautiful) – showing the change b
> m, which also occurs in other
words in Welsh. The confusion occurs with feminine nouns and with adjectives
because the mutation of both ‹b› and ‹m› is ‹v› f;
..a/ benyw (= woman), also menyw;
..b/ ben (= cart), also men, etc
:_______________________________.
Y Berthen-gron ‹ber-then
GRON› masculine
noun
1
Farm name SJ2849, by Y Coed-poeth, Wrecsam
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/208635
Y Berthen-gron
ETYMOLOGY: “the round bush” (y
= definite article) + soft mutation + (perthen = bush) + soft mutation +
(cron, feminine form of crwn = round)
:_______________________________.
berwad
‹ ber-wad› masculine noun
PLURAL berwadau
‹ ver-wâ-de ›
1 boiling = act of putting to the boil, leaving on the boil
2 liquid that has been boiled
ETYMOLOGY: (berw- stem of the verb berw = to boil) + (-ad suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
berwedd-dy ‹ber-wedh-di› masculine noun
PLURAL berwedd-dai
‹ber-wedh-dai›
1 (South-east Wales) brewery
ETYMOLOGY: (berwedd-, stem of berweddu = to brew) + soft mutation + (ty = house)
NOTE: Also brywedd-dy; see vegeu bryweddu
:_______________________________.
berweddu ‹ber-wê-dhi› verb
1 (South-east Wales) brew (beer)
berman berweddu brewer’s yeast
Job sydd yn breweddu’i hunan Job
brews his own beer
(Hanes Tonyrefail - Atgofion am y Lle a’r Hen Bobl.
Thomas Morgan. 1899, Caerdydd. Tudalen 105; from a local ballad mentioning the
tavernkeeper in Llanwynno)
ETYMOLOGY: berweddu < *byrweddu < bryweddu < briweddu (briw < English brew) + (-eddu,
apparently a termination in imitation of cordeddu
= to twist);
briweddu > *bryweddu (obscuration of the pretonic vowel, a common feature in
south-eastern Welsh) > byrweddu
(metathesis) > berweddu (possibly
the influence of berwi = to boil)
NOTE: Also bryweddu, and breweddu (e instead of y)
:_______________________________.
berwi ‹BER wi› (verb)
1 to boil
:_______________________________.
Berwyn ‹BER win› (masculine noun)
1 mountain ('white peak'), north-east
Wales
2 village north-west of Llangollen SJ1942
Plas Berwyn SJ1843 a mansion here
Twnnel Berwyn Berwyn (Railway) Tunnel
:_______________________________.
bet ‹bet › feminine noun
PLURAL betiau
‹bet ye›
1 bet = money gambled
rhoi bet ar put a bet on
ETYMOLOGY: English bet (Origin in
English uncertain; possibly from better,
comparative form of good)
:_______________________________.
beth ‹BEETH› (interr)
1 what?
2
(Caernarfon, north-west Wales) Bsantísho?
= Pa beth sydd arnat ti ei eisiau? What
do you need / require / want?
“Let them see how in their spoken Welsh the accent turns a sentence of many
words into a single word of one or two syllables... e.g. pa beth sydd arnat ti
ei eisieu? has become bsantísho”
T Hudson Williams (1873-1961), University College, Bangor / Vox Populi - A Plea
for the Vulgar Tongue
:_______________________________.
Bethan ‹BE than› (feminine noun)
1 girl's name (Beth + -an; 'little
Elizabeth')
:_______________________________.
beth bynnag ‹beeth BƏ nag›
(adverb)
1 whatever
2
beth bynnag fo’i werth for what it’s
worth , although it is probably not of any importance
whatever it may be worth
beth bynnag fo gwerth hynny for what it’s worth
Dyna fy marn innau, beth bynnag fo’i
werth That’s my view, for what it’s worth
:_______________________________.
Bethcar
‹beth-kar›
1 (Old Testament) place west of Mizpeh to where the Israelites
pursued the Philistines
...1-Samuel 7:11 A gwyr Mizpah a aethant
o Mispa, ac erlidiasant y Philistiaid, ac a’u trawsant hyd oni ddaethant dan
Bethcar
...Samuel-1 7:11 And the men
of Israel went out of Mizpeh, and pursued the Philistines, and smote them,
until they came under Bethcar.
There is a Heol Bethcar (official
name: Bethcar Street) in Glynebwy, county of Blaenau Gwent
ETYMOLOGY: Hebrew (= house of the lamb)
:_______________________________.
beth sydd... ‹beeth
siidh›
Aslo as beth sy’ (loss of final dd)
1 what is (+ prepositional phrase)
Beth sydd gennych yn ateb? What’s
your answer?
(“(it-is) / what-thing / which-is / with-you / as / answer”)
2
what is (+ simple adverb)
Beth sydd acw? What’s over there?
:_______________________________.
Beth sy'n bod
‹beeth sin BOOD›
1 What's up? What's the matter?
:_______________________________.
Beth yw'ch
oed chi? ‹beeth
iukh OID khi›
1 How old are you?
(“(it-is) / what-thing / which-is / your / age / of-you”)
:_______________________________.
Beti ‹BE ti› (feminine noun)
1 Betty (diminutive form of Elizabeth)
:_______________________________.
betio
‹bet-to› verb
1 bet
ETYMOLOGY: (bet = bet) + (verb
suffix -io);
The Welsh word bet is from English bet, which is possibly from better, the comaparative form of good
:_______________________________.
Betsan ‹BET san› (feminine noun)
1 Betty (diminutive form of Elizabeth)
:_______________________________.
betws ‹BE tus› (masculine noun)
1 church (in place names and certain
fixed expressions).
Occurs in many place names, either with a distinguishing tag, or simply as Y
Betws (probably replacing a longer name, but the distinguishing tag has been
lost)
Betwsgarmon (Gwynedd)
Betws yn Rhos (Conwy)
Betws-y-coed (Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
ETYMOLOGY: From English {beed huus},
'bead-house', = house of prayer
:_______________________________.
Betws Rhyd y
Crwyn ‹be-tus
hriid ə kruin›
1 See Betws-y-crwyn
:_______________________________.
Betws-y-crwyn
‹be-tus ə kruin›
1 SO2081 Village in Sir Amwythig / Shropshire, England
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/215190
Eglwys Fair / St.Mary’s Church
(“The Geograph
British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs
and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: The name as it stands means (“(the) church (of) the animal skins /
animal hides”)
(betws = church) + (y = definite article) + (crwyn = animal skins, animal hides)
But it is a reduction of Betws Rhyd y
Crwyn (“(the) (place called) Betws (which is by) Rhyd y Crwyn”).
Rhyd y Crwyn is (“(the) ford (of) the animal skins / animal hides”)
(rhyd = ford) + (y = definite article) + (crwyn = animal skins, animal hides).
Maybe animal hides were tanned near here.
:_______________________________.
Betws-y-grog
‹be-tus ə groog ›
1 Old name of Ceirchiog SH3676 (by Llechylched SH3476) in Môn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/999251
Betws Y Grog / Holy Rood Church
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/999225
Betws Y Grog / Holy Rood Church
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/976941
Betws Y Grog / Holy Rood Church
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/109273
Betws Y Grog / Holy Rood Church
(“The Geograph British
Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and
information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
According to Melville Richards (Enwau Tir a Gwlad, 1998), “mae crog
yn cyfeirio at sgrin yn yr eglwys. Yr enw Saesneg oedd Holy Rood Church.”
(= crog refers to a screen in the church. The English name was Holy Rood
Church)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) church (of) the cross”)
(betws = church) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation +
(crog = cross, gallows)
:_______________________________.
Betws yn Rhos
‹be-tus ən hroos›
1 Village in the county of Conwy
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/55781
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically
representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great
Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) Betws (which is in the kántrev of) Rhos (in the country of Y
Berfeddwlad”) (betws = church) + (yn preposition = in) + (Rhos name of a kántrev; = upland)
:_______________________________.
beudy, PLURAL: beudai /
beudái ‹BEI di,
BEI dai / bei DAI› (masculine noun)
1 cowhouse
:_______________________________.
Beuno
‹bei-no › masculine noun
1 man's name
Saint associated with Clynnog Fawr, north-west Wales; Feast day 21 April. Said
to have been born on the banks of the river Hafren in the territory of Powys,
educated in the territory of Gwent at Caer-went.
Llanfeuno SO3031 (village in
Gwent-within-England). In the valley of the river Olchon above the town of Y
Fenni. English name: Llanveynoe.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/713232
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically
representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great
Britain and Ireland…”)
Gwyl Feuno (“(the) feastday (of)
Beuno”). April 21
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
beunydd ‹BEI nidh› (adverb)
1 every day
:_______________________________.
biau ‹BI e› (verb)
1 'is the person who owns'
Fi biau ef - It's mine
:_______________________________.
bìb ‹bib› masculine
or feminine noun
PLURAL bibiau
‹bib-ye›
1 bib = napkin to cover a child’s front placed under the chin when
the child is being fed
2 bib = upper part of dungarees covering the chest
ETYMOLOGY: English bib < Middle
English bibben (= to drink),
probably from Latin bibere (= to
drink)
:_______________________________.
bicer
‹bi -ker› masculine noun
PLURAL biceri
‹bi- ke -ri›
1 (Englandic: beaker = a large cup, usually plastic, in the shape of
a long wide cylinder with no handles)
2
Chemistry beaker = glas flat-bottomed
container with a lip for pouring out a liquid
3
llond bicer beakerful = contents of
a beaker
llond bicer o ddŵr a beakerful
of water
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English beaker
< Scandinavian; cf German der Becher
= beaker, mug; Greek bikos
earthernware jug
:_______________________________.
bicini
‹bi- ki -ni› masculine noun
PLURAL bicinis
‹bi- ki -nis›
1 bikini - woman's scanty two-piece swimming costume
ETYMOLOGY: English bikini, from the
name Bikini Atoll in the Marshall
Islands in the North Pacific, where the USA carried out an atomic bomb test.
The bathing costume was so called because its effect on men seeing a woman
wearing one was supposedly devastating.
:_______________________________.
bid ‹biid› feminine noun
PLURAL bidiau,
bidau ‹bid -ye,
bi-de›
South-east Wales
1 quickset hedge (English “quick” = alive, living, “set” = put,
plant), quick hedge, plash; a hedge of hawthorn
..1/ Cae’r Fid Foel Lost field name in Caer-dydd.
(“(the”) field (of) the bare hedge”)
According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records'
(1889-1911), it occurs as the name of a house in the chapelry of Yr
Eglwysnewydd, Caer-dydd:
“CAE'R VID VOL... In the parish of Saint John Baptist, on the road leading
to Cathays (1749)”
1749... We Arthur Williams and George Watkins Esquires two of his Majesty's
Justices of the peace for the Town of Cardiffe in the said County of Glamorgan
Do Humbly Certifye unto your Lordshipps that we Have viewed the Causeway in the
common Highway in the parish of St John the Baptist leading from the
gate of a certain close called Cae'r Vid Vol, to a certain place called Cat
Hays which stands presented in this Court to be ruinous and out of repair and
the Cart road or highway on the Eastern Side of the said causeway which stands
presented to be in a ruinous and dangerous Condition
(cae = field) + (yr definite article) + soft mutation +
(bid = hedge) + soft mutation + (moel = bare)
The local form would be “Cǣr Fīd Fōl” ‹käär
viid VOOL› [kæːr viːd
ˡvoːl]
....a/ cae > southern caa > south-eastern cää;
....b/ moel > southern mool
..2/ Heol y Fid-las ‹heul ə viid LAAS› [ˌhɛʊl
ə viːd ˡlɑːs] (“(the) road (of)
the green hedge”)
Road in Caer-dydd, between Rhydypennau and Llanishen.
(y
definite article) + soft mutation + (bid
= hedge) + soft mutation + (glas =
green - when referring to vegetation – otherwise blue)
..3/ bid ffawydd beech hedge
Twyn y Fid Ffawydd ‹tuin ə viid FAU-idh› [ˌtʊɪn
ə viːd ˡfaʊɪð]
(“(the) hill (of) the hedge (of) beech”) hill in Deri (county of
Caerffili)
(twyn = hill) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (bid = hedge) + (ffawydd noun:
beech trees, adj: beech, made up of beech)
..4/ Y Fidgelyn ‹ə viid GEE-lin› [ə
viːd ˡgeˑlɪn] farm on the road between
Cilfynydd and Llanfabon (county of Caerffili)
y fid gelyn = the hedge (of) holly, holly hedge;
(y = definite article) + soft
mutation + (bid = hedge) + soft
mutation + (celyn = (adjective)
holly)
..5/ the place marked Gelli-fud by
Glyn-llan / Melin-ifan-ddu in the county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr is probably Gelli-fid < Gelli’r-fid
‹ge-lhir-VIID› [gɛɬɪr ˡviːd]
(the grove of the hedge) (though I have not seen any earlier forms of
the name to be able to substantiate this)
(gelli = grove – a soft-mutated form
of celli used as a radical form) + (yr definite article) + soft mutation +
(bid = hedge)
..6/ In Aberbargoed (county of Caerffili) there is a road called “Pant-y-fid
Road”) (In Welsh, this would be Heol Pant-y-fid) ‹heul pant ə VIID› [ˌhɛʊl pant ə ˡviːd]
pant y fid = (the) hollow (of) the quickset hedge
(pant = hollow) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (bid = hedge)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British (*bit-
= cut) < Celtic
See: bidog (= bayonet), Gelli'r-fid (place name), gwyddfid (= honeysuckle)
:_______________________________.
bid ‹biid› verb
1 let there be, let him be, let her be, let it be (third-person
present imperative form of bod = be)
:_______________________________.
bid ‹biid› masculine noun
PLURAL bidiau
‹biid›
1 stanzas in Llyfr Coch Hergest (collection of manuscripts from
between 1382 and 1410) beginning with the word bid = let there be, etc
:_______________________________.
bid a fo am
hynny ‹biid a
voo am hə-ni›
1 (in concluding in a discourse) however it may be, whatever the
facts may be (“bid = let it be, a fo = the thing that it may be, am hynny = about that”)
:_______________________________.
bidio 1 ‹bid-yo› verb
South Wales
1 bidio clawdd or bidio perth work on (trim, or make) a
quickset hedge; plash a hedge
ETYMOLOGY: (bid = hedge) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: The colloquial form is bido ‹bî-do› -
the suffix -io loses the i- in the south
:_______________________________.
bidio 2 ‹bid-yo› verb
1 bid, offer to buy something at an auction
Wn i ddim beth wnaeth imi ddechrau bidio
am y gadair
I don't know why I started bidding for the chair
Yn sydyn dyma hi'n fidio gwyllt am y
llun
Suddenly there was wild bidding for the picture
ETYMOLOGY: (bìd = bid) + (-io suffix for forming verbs) <
English bid < Old English bidd-
:_______________________________.
Bidno
‹bid -no› feminine noun
1 Afon Bidno = river in
the district of Maldwyn, county of Powys SN8683
2 Pont Bidno bridge over
the river Bidno on the Llangurig - Aberystwyth road
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
bidog ‹bî -dog› masculine
or feminine noun
PLURAL bidogau
‹bi- dô -ge›
1 obsolete dagger = kind
of knfe with a pointed blade for stabbing
2
(Typography) dagger or obelisk = a
cross-like character usually indicating a footnote
(delw 7442)
3
bayonet
rhoi blas y bidog i’r gelyn give the
enemy a taste of cold steel (“give the taste of the bayonet to the enemy”)
gosod bidog to fix a bayonet
Gosodwch eich bidogau! Fix bayonets!
gyda'u bidogau
wedi'u gosod with their bayonets fixed
ETYMOLOGY: (bid, element = cut) + (-og)
NOTE: Can also be a masculine noun
See also báginet
:_______________________________.
bìl, PLURAL: biliau ‹BIL, BIL ye› (masculine noun)
1 bill
:_______________________________.
bilibala
‹bi-li ba-la› masculine noun
South Wales
1 form of pilipala =
butterfly
:_______________________________.
bili-ffŵl
‹bi-li fuul › masculine noun
1 chwarae bili-ffŵl
play the fool, act the fool
ETYMOLOGY: ‘Billy (the) fool’ (bili
< Bili < English Billy. pet form of William) + (ffŵl =
fool)
:_______________________________.
bìn, PLURAL: biniau ‹BIN, BIN ye› (masculine noun)
1 bin
:_______________________________.
bìn sbwriel ‹bin sbur-yel› masculine noun
PLURAL biniau
sbwriel ‹bin-ye
sbur-yel›
1 (USA: ashcan, garbage can) (Englandic: rubbish bin, dustbin)
ETYMOLOGY: (bìn = bin) + (sbwriel / ysbwriel = rubbish)
NOTE: full form: bin ysbwriel
:_______________________________.
Bioleg ‹bi O leg› (feminine noun)
1 biology
:_______________________________.
bisgeden, PLURAL: bisgedi ‹bi SKE den, bi SKE di› (feminine noun)
1 biscuit
:_______________________________.
bisgïen, PLURAL: bisgis ‹bi SKI en› (feminine noun)
1 biscuit (South Wales)
ETYMOLOGY: (bisgi = south-western English bisky “biscuit”)
+ (-en diminutive suffix)
London, 1825. Observations on some of the
dialects in the West of England particularly with a glossary of words now in
use there ; and poems and other pieces, exemplifying the dialect. By James
Jennings, Honorary Secretary of the Metropolitan Library Institution, London.
Bisky. s[ubstantive]. A biscuit. It would be scarcely worth while to
notice this difference in the word biscuit (twice baked), were it not that its
pronunciation approaches nearly to the sound given by the French to cuit, the
latter portion of the word — the t being entirely omitted in the Somersetshire
delivery.
:_______________________________.
bisgïen wenith
trwyddo ‹bi SKI
en WE nith TRUI dho› (feminine noun)
1 wholemeal biscuit
:_______________________________.
bisgisen, PLURAL: bisgis ‹bi SKI sen› (feminine noun)
1 biscuit (South-west)
:_______________________________.
biswail
‹bis-wel› masculine noun
1 cattle dung, cow dung
Exodus 29:14 Ond cig y bustach, a'i
groen, a'i fiswail, a losgi mewn tân, o'r tu allan i'r gwersyll; aberth dros
bechod yw
Exodus 29:14 But the flesh of the bullock, and his skin, and his dung, shalt
thou burn with fire without the camp: it is a sin offering.
2 In Llaneirwg (county of Caer-dydd)
..a/ Pwllybiswail farm name
(“pool of the dung”) (Pwll-y-Biswael, Kelly’s Directory of Monmouthshire, 1901)
..b/ Plasybiswail street name
(“Plas y Biswail”)
literally: (the) mansion (of) the cowdung”, cowdung mansion
3 maer y biswail in the medieval period, the agent of the local
ruler in charge of the land; a land bailiff;
Cf the use of ‘maer’ in maerdref (=
land worked by unfree tenants to provide court with food) “steward of the
(cattle) dung”
ETYMOLOGY: The first syllable is probably bu-
(= cow). Cf Cornish busel (= cattle
dung)
:_______________________________.
bita ‹bi -ta› verb
1 a variant spelling of buta
= to eat
:_______________________________.
Biwmares
‹byu- ma-res› feminine noun
1 SH6076 locality in the
county of Môn
local form: Biwmaras, Bliwmaras,
short form: y Bliw
2 a parish in this place
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < French beau marais
(= fair marsh) (the castle and
the town were built by the Norman conquerors)
:_______________________________.
bíwrocrat
‹byu ro-krat› masculine noun
PLURAL biwrocratiaid
‹byu-ro- krat-yed›
1 bureaucrat
ETYMOLOGY: English bureaucrat <
French
:_______________________________.
biwrocrataidd
‹biu-ro-krat-edh› adj
1 bureaucratic
corff biwrocrataidd a bureacratic body
creu corff biwrocrataidd enfawr gyda swyddog ar gyflog mawr
create an enormous bureaucratic body with an official on a high salary
trafferthion biwrocrataidd bureacratic
problems, problems with bureaucracy
Mae’r drefn newydd yn llawer mwy hyblyg
a llai biwrocrataidd na’r hen
drefn
The new system is much more flexible and less bureaucratic than the old
system
ETYMOLOGY: (bíwrocrat = bureaucrat)
+ (-aidd, suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
biwrocratiaeth
‹biu-ro-krat-yeth› feminine noun
1 bureaucracy
Biwrocratiaeth yn rhedeg yn rhemp yw hi
It's bureacracy gone mad
ETYMOLOGY: (bíwrocrat = bureaucrat)
+ (-i-aeth, suffix for forming
nouns)
:_______________________________.
biwso
<BIU-so> [ˡbɪʊsɔ]
verb
1 abuse = vilify, insult
Wna i ddim aros i gael fy miwso fel hyn
I'm not going to stay to be abused like this
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh biwso < abiwso < English abuse < French < Latin (ab = away from) + (ûtî = to use)
:_______________________________.
Biwt <BIUt> [ˡbɪʊt]
verb
1 Welsh spelling of Bute [byuut], a Scottish place name (Scottish
Gaelic Bòd / Eilean Bhòid)
Tre-biwt district of Caer-dydd (=
Butetown)
Parc Biwt name of a park in
Caer-dydd (= Bute Park)
Ardalydd Biwt the Marquess of Bute
:_______________________________.
blään
<BLÄÄN> [ˡblæːn]
1
south-eastern form of blaen (= tip,
end)
Usually spelt blên / blæn
See aa / blaan
:_______________________________.
blaan
<BLAAN> [ˡblɑːn]
1
southern form of blaen (= tip, end)
Usually spelt blân / bla’n
See aa
:_______________________________.
blacmel <BLAK-mel> [ˡblakmɛl]
masculine noun
1 blackmail
ETYMOLOGY: English blackmail “black
tribute”
Cf Lowlandic (language of the lowlands of Scotland) mail = tribute; payment, rent; < Old English mâl < Old Norse mâl = speech, agreement)
Cf Norwegian MÅL (= speech,
talking), BOKMÅL = standard
Norwegian (“book language”)
:_______________________________.
blacmelio <blak-MEL-yo> [blakˡmɛljɔ]
verb
1 blackmail
ETYMOLOGY: (blacmel = blackmail) + (-io, suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: South Wales blacmelo (with -o, a typical southern feature, instead of –io)
:_______________________________.
blacmeliwr <blak-MEL-yur> [blakˡmɛljʊr]
masculine noun
PLURAL blacmelwyr
<blak-MEL-wir> [blakˡmɛlwɪr]
1 blackmailer
ETYMOLOGY: (blacmêl = blackmail) + (-i-wr suffix, = agent)
NOTE: South Wales blacmelwr (with loss of the <y> [j]
at the beginning of the final syllable, typical of the language of the
south)
:_______________________________.
blacowt <BLAK-out> [ˡblakɔʊt]
masculine noun
PLURAL blacowts <BLAK-outs> [ˡblakɔʊts]
1 blackout = complete darkness as a defensive measure in wartime by
extinguishing all lights or preventing lights in a building from being visible
from the outside
Doedd yna ddim blacowt yn y dre y pryd
hynny
At the time there was no blackout in the town
2
blackout = a period of time in which such measures are taken
3
(colloquial) blackout = loss of
consciousness; the formal word is llewyg
ETYMOLOGY: English blackout (black
+ out)
:_______________________________.
blaen
<BLAIN> [ˡblaɪn]
masculine noun
PLURAL blaenau
<BLEI-nai, -ne> [ˡbləɪnaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 end
..1/ blaen bys finger tip, tapering
extremity of a finger;
......ar flaenau’ch bysedd at the
tips of your fingers, at your fingertips
..2/ blaen cadwyn end of a chain
..3/ blaen hidlo filter tip of a
cigarette
..4/ blaen rhaff end of a rope
..5/ blaen sigarét end of a
cigarette (containing tobacco and which is lit)
Gwasgodd flaen ei sigarét rhwng bawd a
bys
He squashed the end of his cigarette between his thumb and finger
..6/ tip = end of a toe
ar flaenau ei draed on tiptoes
2 tip, point (needle, pin; knife-blade, sword-blade; spear, spike;
twig, etc)
..1/ blaen cala glans (“top (of)
penis”)
..2/ blaen cleddyf <KLEE-dhiv> [ˡkleˑðɪv]
= tip of a sword
..3/ blaen cyllell <KƏ-lhelh> [ˡkəɬɛɬ]
= tip of a knife
......blaen y gyllell the thin end
of the wedge, a small beginning of a process which will lead to worse things
(“the tip of the knife”)
..4/ blaen draenen <DREI-nen> [ˡdrəɪnɛn]
= point of a thorn
..5/ blaen nodwydd = tip of a needle
..6/ blaen tafod tip of the tongue
.......Fe gaiff e glywed blaen dy nhafod
i I’ll give him a telling off (“he will get to hear the tip of my tongue”)
3 top, head; end-part attached to form an implement, etc;
blaen saeth <SAITH> [saɪθ]
arrow head
4 top
blaen ysgub <ə-skib> [ˡəskɪb]
= top of a sheaf of corn
5 front (of a page), upper side (of a page)
blaen tudalen front (of a page),
6 (afon = river) source; (this sense in many place names)
Blaenbargod name of a farm 5km south
of Llangeler SN3739 (county of Caerfyrddin)
Blaendulais <blain-DII-lais, -les> [blaɪnˡdiˑlaɪs,
-lɛs] (source of the Dulais stream)
Blaen-y-nant (place name) stream
source
7 blaenau = top end of a
valley, place of the sources of streams
ym mlaenau Dyffryn Tywi <ə-MLEI-nai, -ne, Də-frin
Tə-wi> [ə ˡmləɪnaɪ -ɛ
ˡdəfrɪn ˡtəwɪ]
at the top of the valley of the river Tywi
8 blaenau highland part
of a district.
Common in toponyms. Sometimes a district has a corresponding name for the
lowland part (bro = lowland)
..1/ Blaenau Ffestiniog (qv) <BLEI-ne fe-STIN-yog> [ˡbləɪnaɪ,
-ɛ, fɛˡstɪnjɔg]
..2/ Blaenau Gwent (qv) <BLEI-nai, -ne, GWENT> [ˡbləɪnaɪ,
-ɛ, ˡgwɛnt] upper reaches of the
land of Gwent
..3/ Blaenau Morgannwg (qv) <BLEI-nai, -ne, mor-GA-nug> [ˡbləɪnaɪ,
-ɛ, mɔrˡganʊg] . The highland (of the region
of) Morgannwg, the Morgannwg uplands.
Morgannwg is “Morgan’s Land”, (Morgan, combining
form Morgann-) + (suffix –wg denoting
territory). It is called Glamorgan in English, from an alternative Welsh name Gwlad Forgan, “Morgan’s land”.
The coastal area is Bro Morgannwg <BROO-mor GA-nug> [ˡbroː
mɔrˡganʊg] (qv) “the lowland of
Morgannwg”;
..4/ The parish of Llanwenog, in the county of Ceredigion, South Wales is divided
into Blaenau Llanwenog <BROO lhan-WEE-nog> [ˡbroː
ɬanˡweˑnɔg] “the highland part of
the parish of Llanwenog” and Bro
Llanwenog “the lowland part of the parish of Llanwenog”;
9 front part
ar flaen at the head of, at the
front of, leading, in the forefront of
ar flaen y gad (“at the head of the
battle”) in the vanguard of the army; metaphorically in the lead
milwyr ar flaen y gad front-line
soldiers
Dros y blynyddoedd mae’r brifysgol wedi
fod ar flaen y gad ym maes
geneteg planhigion
Over the years the university has been in the forefront in the field of plant genetics
ar flaen yr orymdaith at the head of
the procession
ar flaen y golofn leading the column
ar y blaen in the lead, ahead
bod ar y blaen be in the lead, be
ahead
bod ymhéll ar y blaen be well in the
lead, be well ahead
10 (hair) blaen hollt <blain HOLHT> [blaɪn
ˡhɔɬt]
split end
11 (North Wales) blaen troed
kick
12 blaen troed esgid tip
of shoe, front of shoe
13 (North Wales) initiative
Does dim blaen ynddo fo <dois dim BLAIN əN-dho vo> [dɔɪs
dɪm ˡblaɪn ˡənðɔvɔ]
He has no initiative
14 leading figure, prominent figure, active person in some sphere
Mae hi'n dipyn o flaen gyda phethau yn y
pentre <mai hin DI-pin o
VLAIN gə-da FEE-thai, -e, ən ə PEN-tre> [maɪ
hɪn ˡdɪpɪn ɔ ˡvlaɪn ˡgəda
ˡfeˑθaɪ, -ɛ, ən ə ˡpɛntrɛ]
She is prominent in many things in the village
15 (modifier) front = at the front;
dannedd blaen front teeth
sedd flaen front seat
16 front, fore-
bys blaen forefinger, index finger
(“finger (of) front”)
17 o flaen <o-VLAIN> [ɔ
ˡvlaɪn] (qv) (preposició) in front of
18 ymláen (qv) <ə-MLAIN> [ə
ˡmlaɪn] (adverb) forward
19 the noun blaen, can
also be used as a postnominal adjective, is one of the few of this type qhich
can take the superlative termination –af
blaenaf, blaena' (qv) <BLEI-na> [ˡbləɪna]
foremost
cerbydau blaenaf a cherbydau olaf y trên
the front carriages and the end carriages of the
train
20 go = energy, iniatitive
(North Wales) Does dim cyrraedd ynddo
He’s got no go in him
21 (Bíblia 1620) y rhai
blaenaf (qv) the ones in front
Mathew 19:30 Ond llawer o'r rhai blaenaf
a fyddant yn olaf, a'r rhai olaf yn flaenaf
<ond LHAU-er or hrai
BLEI-nav a VƏ-dhant ən OO-lav, ar HRAI OO-lav ən VLEI-nav> [ɔnd
ˡɬaʊɛr ɔr hraɪ ˡbləɪnav a
ˡvəðant ən ˡoˑlav, ar hraɪ ˡoˑlav
ən ˡvləɪnav]
Matthew 19:30 But many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be the
first
22 leading position
cael y blaen ar beat someone to it, arrive before another person
Os cewch chi’r blaen arna i, arhoswch nes dof innau hefyd If you get
there before me, wait till I come too
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh blaen < British
< Celtic *blakn-
In the other British languages: Cornish bleyn (= tip, top part), Breton blein (= peak); these words are from a variant *blekn- < *blakn-
From the same Celtic source in the Hibernian languages: Irish bléin (= groin; cavity; cove)
NOTE: (South Wales) written blân, bla’n, in this dictionary as blaan).
In the south-east (written blên, in this dictionary as blään)
:_______________________________.
blaenaeddfedrwydd
<blein-eidh-VED-ruidh> [bləɪnəɪðˡvɛdrʊɪð]
(m)
1 puberty
ETYMOLOGY: “pre-maturity” (blaen
= front, top; pre-) + (aeddfedrwydd = maturity)
:_______________________________.
blaenaf <BLEI-nav, BLEI-na> [ˡbləɪnav,
ˡbləɪna] (adjective)
1 foremost
2 o’r radd flaenaf
top-notch, top-quality
:_______________________________.
Blaenafon ‹blai NA von› (masculine noun)
1 town (south-east) (“source of the
river”)
:_______________________________.
Blaenaman ‹blai NA man› (masculine noun)
1 village (south-west) (“source of the
Aman stream”)
:_______________________________.
Blaenannerch ‹blai NA nerkh›
(masculine noun)
1 village (South-west)
:_______________________________.
Y Blaenau, PLURAL: ‹ə BLEI ne›
(masculine noun)
1 village (South-east)
:_______________________________.
Blaenau
Ffestiniog ‹blei-ne
fe-stin-yog› feminine
noun
1 SH7045 locality in
Gwynedd
ETYMOLOGY: “the upland of the parish of Ffestiniog” (blaenau = upland) + (Ffestiniog,
parish name)
:_______________________________.
Blaenau Gwent
‹blei ne GWENT›
1 county in the south-east
:_______________________________.
Blaenau-gwent
‹blei ne GWENT›
1 village in the south-east (uplands of
the territory of Gwent)
:_______________________________.
Blaenau
Morgannwg ‹blei-ne
mor- ga -nug›
1 the Morgannwg highland - more or less the highland area south of
Ffordd Blaenau'r Cymoedd (Heads of the Valleys Road) from Castell-nedd to
Merthyrtudful
ETYMOLOGY: (the) highlands / uplands / stream sources (of) Morgannwg (blaenau = highland, upland, stream
sources) + (Morgannwg, region in the
south-east, old kingdom)
NOTE: Bro Morgannwg is the lowland
area by the coast; (the) lowland (of) Morgannwg
:_______________________________.
blaenbost
‹blein -bost› masculine noun
PLURAL blaenbyst
‹blein -bost›
North Wales
1 gatepost
ETYMOLOGY: “fore-post” (blaen =
fore, front) + soft mutation + (post
= post)
:_______________________________.
blaen bys ‹blain BIIS› (masculine noun)
1 finger tip
:_______________________________.
blaendoriad
‹blein- dor -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL blaendoriadau
‹blein-dor-yâ-de›
1 apheresis = the loss of a syllable at the beginning of a word
(which could be a vowel, or a single consonant + vowel, or consonant cluster +
vowel)
redig < aredig (= to plough),
Feidiog < Defeidiog (= sheepwalk)
2 blaendoriad llafariad
(“front-cutting (of) vowel”) aphesis = the disappearance of a vowel at the
beginning of a word
See “Apheresis” in the “a” section of this dictionary for
examples of this process in Welsh
ETYMOLOGY: (blaendorr-,
stem of blaendorri = truncate, cut
off the front part) + (-i-ad
abstract noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
Blaendulais
‹blain-dî-lais›
1 (SN8108) locality in the county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan
English name: Seven Sisters
Population and proportion of Welsh-speakers:
(1961) 2,042 25%
(1971) 1,720 12%
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) source (of the river) Dulais” (blaen = source) + (Dulais
= river name, ‘black stream’)
NOTE: A general southern pronunciation would be ‹blaan-dii-les› Bla’ndulas
The expected local pronunciation (south-eastern) would be ‹blään-dî-las› “Blä’ndulas”
:_______________________________.
Blaen-ffos
‹blain- foos›
1 See Blaen-y-ffos
:_______________________________.
blaenffrwyth BLEIN-fruith›
1 first fruits
(Apocrypha)
Ecclesiasticus 35:8 Gogonedda
Dduw â llygad da, ac na phrinha flaenffrwyth dy ddwylo.
(Apocrypha)
Ecclesiasticus 35:8 Give
the Lord his honour with a good eye, and diminish not the firstfruits of thine
hands.
:_______________________________.
blaengroen
‹blain -groin› masculine noun
PLURAL blaengrwyn
‹blain -gruin›
1
foreskin
Samuel-1 18:25 A dywedodd Saul, Fel hyn
y dywedwch wrth Dafydd; Nid yw y brenin yn ewyllysio cynnysgaeth, ond cael cant
o flaengrwyn y Philistiaid, i ddial ar elynion y brenin. Ond Saul oedd yn
meddwl peri lladd Dafydd trwy law y Philistiaid.
Samuel-1 18:25 And Saul said, Thus shall ye say to David, The king desireth
not any dowry, but an hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be avenged of
the king's enemies. But Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the
Philistines.
ETYMOLOGY: (blaen = front; fore) +
soft mutation + (croen = skin)
:_______________________________.
Blaenieithon ‹blain- yei -thon›
1 (SO1084) locality in the district of Maldwyn (county of Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) source (of) (the river) Ieithon”) (blaen = front; source of river) + (Ieithon)
:_______________________________.
blaenor
‹blei -nor› masculine noun
PLURAL blaenoriaid
‹blei- nor -yed›
1
deacon in a Nonconformist chapel, elder
Mae'r blaenoriaid yn y sêt fawr yn mynd
ar eu glinie weithie
The deacons in the Big Seat sometimes kneel down
2
person at the front
Wrth i ni redeg i lawr y bryn i'r ysgol,
os byddai i un o'r blaenoriaid faglu, fe fyddai pawb yn syrthio yn bentwr yn
bendramwnwgwl ar y ffordd
As we ran down the hill to the school, if one of the people in front tripped,
everybody would tumble head over heels into a pile on the road
:_______________________________.
Blaen-plwyf
‹blain-PLUIV›
1 farm SN2151 in Ceredigion county, west of Aber-porth
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/sn2151
2 village SN5775 in Ceredigion county
south of Aberystwyth
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN5775
3 farm SH8409 east of Aberangell, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH8409
ETYMOLOGY: blaen plwyf < blaen y plwyf “(the) top / end (of) the
parish”
(blaen = top, tip, point) + (y = the) + (plwyf = parish).
In place names, this linking definite article is often lost.
:_______________________________.
blaen saeth ‹blain SAITH› (masculine noun)
1 arrow head
:_______________________________.
Blaen-waun
‹blain-wain›
1 (SN3953) locality in Ceredigion county
2 (SN3427) locality in Caerfyrddin county, 17km north-west-west of
the town of Caerfyrddin
ETYMOLOGY: “blaen y waun” “(the) top (of) the moorfield”
(blaen = top, tip, point) + (y = the) + soft mutation + (gwaun = moor, moorfield, heath).
In place names, this linking definite article is often lost.
:_______________________________.
blaenwr, PLURAL: blaenwyr ‹BLEI nur, BLEIN wir› (masculine noun)
1 (rugby) forward
:_______________________________.
Blaen-y-cae
‹blain-ə- kai›
1 place name
2
Occurs in the USA in “Blaen Y Cae Cemetery”, Randolph, Columbia County,
Wisconsin (north-east of Madison and west of Beaver Dam) 433642N 0890043W
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) top (of) the field” (blaen
= top) + (y = the) + (cae = field)
:_______________________________.
Blaen-y-coed
‹blain-ə- koid›
1 (SN3427) locality in Caerfyrddin county, 10km north-west of the
town of Caerfyrddin
2 street name in Y Radur, Caer-dydd
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) top (of) the wood” (blaen
= top) + (y = the) + (coed = wood)
:_______________________________.
Blaen-y-cwm
‹blain-ə- kum›
1 street name in
Porthtywyn / Burry Port (county of Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen)
(spelt as “Blaen y Cwm”)
ETYMOLOGY: blaen y cwm “(the) head (of) the valley” (blaen = front;
head of a valley) + (y definite article) + (cwm = valley)
:_______________________________.
Blaen-y-ffos
‹blain-ə- foos›
1 (SN1937) locality in the county of Penfro, south-west Wales
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) top (of) the ditch, the boundary ditch”
(blaen = top) + (y = the) + (ffos = ditch, boundary ditch)
NOTE: The name is also found as Blaen-ffos.
In place names, the linking definite article is often lost.
:_______________________________.
Blaen-y-fro
‹blain-ə- vroo›
1 street name in Pen-coed, county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) top (of) Y Fro”, that is, “above the lowland of Morgannwg”
(blaen = top) + (y = the) + soft mutation + (bro = lowland).
Y Fro (the lowland) is the popular
name for Bro Morgannwg (the lowland
of Morgannwg).
The village of Pen-coed is situated on the highland side of the Morgannwg
highland-lowland boundary
:_______________________________.
Blaen-y-llyn
‹blain-ə- lhin›
1 street name in the village of Y Ddraenen-wen, county of Rhondda
Cynon Taf
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) top (of) the pool”
(blaen = top) + (y = the) + (llyn = pool, lake)
:_______________________________.
blaguryn, PLURAL: blagur ‹bla GI rin, BLA gir› (masculine noun)
1 bud (flower)
:_______________________________.
blaidd
‹blaidh› m
PLURAL bleiddiau,
bleiddiaid ‹bleidh-ye,
bleidh-yed›
1
(Canis lupis) wolf (western USA: also lobo)
2 in
certain names from the British period; Arthflaidd
‹arth-vlaidh› , Bleiddfan ‹bleidh-van› ,
Bleiddgi ‹bleidh-gi› , Bleiddig ‹blei-dhig› , Bleiddri ‹bleidh-ri› , Bleiddudd ‹blei-dhidh› , Cynflaidd ‹kən-vlaidh›
3
mor ddibarch â'r blaidd “as
disrespectful as the wolf”
4
gweiddi blaidd! to cry wolf = demand
help unnecessarily
5
y Blaidd constellation Lupus
6
cipio cneuen o wâl y blaidd beard (=
oppose) the lion in his den; confront someone (“take (a) hazelnut (from) (the)
den (of ) the wolf”)
7
wolf = cruel rapacious person
8
blaidd mewn croen dafad a sheep in
wolf's clothing (a menace in disguise, a malicious person who acts as if he or
she means well) (“a wolf in a sheepskin”)
bod yn flaidd mewn croen dafad be a
sheep in wolf's clothing
Mathew 7:15 Ymogelwch rhag gau
broffwydi, y rhai a ddeuant atoch yng ngwisgoedd defaid, ond oddi mewn
bleiddiaid rheibus ydynt hwy
Matthew 7:15 Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing,
but inwardly they are ravening wolves
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh blaidd < bleidd < British < Celtic *bled-i
From the same British root: Cornish bleydh
(= wolf), Breton bleiz (= wolf)
:_______________________________.
blaidd mewn
croen defaid ‹blaidh
meun kroin DE ved› (masculine noun)
1 wolf in sheep's clothing
:_______________________________.
bla’n
‹blaan ›
1
southern form of blaen (= tip, end)
Usually spelt (less correctly) blân
See aa / blaan
:_______________________________.
blas ‹BLAAS› (masculine noun)
1 taste
Mae blas sebon ar y bara the
bread tastes of soap
(“there is (the) taste (of) soap on the bread”)
Mae blas rhyfedd ar y te ’ma
This tea tastes strange, This tea has a funny taste (“there’s a strange taste
on this tea”)
2
blesyn taste
(blas = taste) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns)
(a > e due to the influence of the final y – vowel affection)
Cymerwch flesyn i weld Taste it and
see (“take a taste to see”)
3 cael
blas ar ‹kail
BLAAS ar› (a) have a
taste of; (b) enjoy
Chafodd e fawr o flas erioed ar chwarae rygbi
He never really enjoyed palying rugby
4
rhinflas (food) essence = oily
substance to give flavour
(rhin = essence) + soft mutation + (blas = taste)
5
cael blas o’ch ffisig eich hun have
/ get a taste of your own medicine
trio blas o’ch ffisig eich hun have / get a taste of your own
medicine
rhoi ichi flas o’ch ffisig eich hun give you a taste your own
medicine
:_______________________________.
blasbwynt ‹BLA spwint› (masculine noun)
1 taste bud
:_______________________________.
blasu ‹BLA si› (verb)
1 to taste
:_______________________________.
blasus
‹BLA sis› (masculine noun) t
1 tasty, delicious
:_______________________________.
blawd
(1) ‹BLAUD› (masculine noun)
1 flour
blawd barlys ‹blaud BAR lis› (masculine
noun) barley flour
blawd can ‹blaud KAN› (masculine noun) white flour
blawd ceirch ‹blaud KEIRKH› (masculine noun) oat flour
blawd codi ‹blaud KO di› (masculine noun) self-raising
flour
blawd gwenith ‹blaud GWE nith› (masculine
noun) wheat flour
blawd gwyn ‹blaud GWIN› (masculine noun) white flour
blawd india-corn cornmeal, cornflour
blawd llif ‹blaud LHIIV› (masculine noun) sawdust
(“flour of saw”)
blawd plaen ‹blaud PLAIN› (masculine noun) plain flour
blawd reis ground rice, rice flour
blawd rhyg ‹blaud RHIIG› (masculine noun) rye flour
2 dal blawd wyneb put on a bold face (“hold flour (of)
face”)
3
cist flawd flour chest (Scotland:
meal-ark)
(“chest (of) flour”) (cist = coffer)
+ soft mutation + (blawd = farina)
4 Anodd pobi heb flawd “(it is) difficult baking without flour” No
bricks without straw, Even the Israelites could not make bricks without straw,
you can’t make bricks
without straw
E. Cobham Brewer 1810–1897.
Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898. To attempt to do something without
having the necessary material supplied. The allusion is to the Israelites in
Egypt, who were commanded by their taskmasters so to do. (Exodus v. 7.)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British blât- < Common Celtic mlât-i-,
Indo-European mel(h) (= to crush, to grind) (also the origin of English meal (= flour; food), and via Latin, to maul, molar (tooth) and mallet).
Indo-European bhlô-t- < bhlô- (= a leaf, a flower)
From this same I.E: root are English bloom, and Latin flôs, floris (= a flower)
Breton bleud (= flour), Cornish bleuz (= flour)
Irish bláith (= literary word; smooth, delicate)< “mláith”
:_______________________________.
blawd
(2) ‹BLAUD› (masculine noun)
1 (obsolete) flower
With the addition of the plural suffix –au:
blawdau > blodau (= flowers; also [obsolete] used as a singular
noun, = flower)
From the plural form blodau, a singulative suffix –yn was added
> blodeuyn (= a flower)
The more usual form in modern Welsh however is blodyn (= flower)
(blawd = flower) + (–yn a singulative suffix) > “blawd-yn”
> blodyn
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British blât < Common Celtic blât-
Indo-European bhlô-t- < bhlô- (= a leaf, a flower)
From this same I.E: root are English bloom, and Latin flôs, floris (= a flower)
Breton bleuñvenn (= flour), Cornish bleujenn (= flower)
Irish bláth (= blossom, flower; blossoms, flowers)
It occurs in Gaulish place names as blât- (= flower), though
there is the possibility that blât < mlât- (= to grind, to crush),
and so is equivalent to Welsh blawd (=
flour)
The name of the town of Blond in France is from Gaulish Blât-o-mâg-os
This is “flower field” or corresponding to modern Welsh blawd
(= flower), or blod- < blawd (= flower) in blodyn (=
flower), and (ma = plain, < Old Welsh magh = plain); or else
“grain field” if from mlât- (= to grind, to crush)
Mâg-os occurs as the first element of maes (= field; plain), and
as ma (= plain) in place names (Machynlleth, plain of someone
called Cynllaith, Mechain <
Mechein < Ma Chein plain of the river Cein, noawadays Cain, Mathafarn
plain of the tavern), and as the suffix –fa (= place).
The equivalent form of Blat-o-mag-os
in modern Welsh would be “Blodfa”.
(delw 7226)
:_______________________________.
ble ‹BLEE› (interr)
1 where
Ewch ble mynnoch Go wherever
you want, Go where you please
tocyn ewch-ble-mynnoch runabout
ticket, explorer ticket (ticket on a bus or train allowing the user to travel
at will on a network in a stipulated area during a stipulated period)
2
where?
Before a verb, with the linking particle y
/ yr (Ble y... / ble yr-...) but
his is generally omitted colloquially
Ble cest di dy eni? Where were you
born?
:_______________________________.
Bleddyn ‹BLE dhin› (masculine noun)
1 man's name
ETYMOLOGY: = little wolf, wolf
cub bleddyn < bleiddyn (bleidd- < blaidd = wolf) + (-yn diminutive
suffix)
:_______________________________.
blerio ‹bler -yo› verb
(North Wales)
1 untidy, make a mess, throw into disorder, mess up, leave
(something) in a mess, disarrange
2 do (something) inefficiently
ETYMOLOGY: (blêr- = untidy, disordered) + (-io suffix for forming
verbs)
NOTE: also bleru
:_______________________________.
bleru ‹ble -ru› verb
(North Wales)
1 untidy, make a mess, throw into disorder, mess up, leave
(something) in a mess, disarrange
2 do (something) inefficiently
ETYMOLOGY: (blêr- = untidy, disordered) + (-u suffix for forming
verbs)
NOTE: also blerio
:_______________________________.
blesyn masculine
noun
1 taste
Cymerwch flesyn i weld Taste it and
see (“take a taste to see”)
ETYMOLOGY: (blas = taste) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns)
(vowel affection a > e due to the influence of the final y)
:_______________________________.
blewog ‹BLEU og› (adjective)
1 hairy
2
llaw flewog thief (“hairy hand”)
Mae e’n llaw flewog He’s a thief
3 dwylo blewog (“hairy
hands”)
Mae ganddo ddwylo blewog He’s a
thief (“he has hairy hands”)
y bobl â dwylo blewog the thieving
fraternity, people prone to steal things
4
mân-flewog fluffy
(mân = small, fine ) + soft mutation
+ ( blewog = hairy)
ETYMOLOGY: (blew = hair) + (-og adjectival
suffix)
:_______________________________.
blewyn, PLURAL: blew ‹BLEU in, BLEU›
(masculine noun)
1 hair
2 straw, blade of grass
(South Wales) tynnu blewyn cwta am (rywbeth) draw the short straw for
(to choose someone out of two or more people blades of straw are held in the
hand, apparently all the same length – but one is shorter than the other or
others, and whoever draws this is chosen)
Tynnwyd blewyn cwta am y baich ysgafnach The lightest load was allotted
by drawing straws
(“ a short straw was drawn for the lightest load”)
3
(fish) blewyn fishbone, small bone
of a fish
4
trwch blewyn a hair’s breadth
“thickness (of) hair” (trwch =
thickness) + (blewyn = hair)
crac trwch blewyn hairline crack
o drwch blewyn by a hair’s breadth
ETYMOLOGY: blewyn is (blew = hair)
+ (-yn singulative noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
blewyn
amrant, PLURAL: blew amrant ‹bleu
in AM rant, bleu Am rant› (masculine noun)
1 eyelash
:_______________________________.
Blicca
bjoerkna
1 merfog
gwyn (m),
merfogiaid gwyn / gwynion silver bream
:_______________________________.
blin ‹BLIIN› (adjective)
1 sorry; tired; angry
Mae'n flin gennyf ‹main
VLIIN ge ni› (phrase)
I'm sorry
:_______________________________.
blinder ‹BLIN der› (masculine
noun)
1 tiredness, fatigue
2 bwrw blinder rest,
relax
bwrw’ch blinder rest, relax (“throw
(off) your tiredness”)
:_______________________________.
blinedig ‹bli-NEE-dig› (adjective)
1 tired
:_______________________________.
blinfyd
‹blin-vid› masculine noun
1 adversity, tribulation
Diarhebion 31:7 Yfed efe, fel yr
anghofio ei dlodi; ac ac un na feddylio am ei flinfyd mwy.
Proverbs 31:7 Let him drink, and forget his poverty, and remember his misery no
more.
ETYMOLOGY: (blin = tedious) + soft
mutation + (byd = world, situation)
:_______________________________.
blingo ‹BLI ngo› (verb)
1 to skin
2 blingo’r
gath i’r gynffon spend wildly (“skin the cat to the tail”)
:_______________________________.
blino ‹BLII-no› (verb)
1 to tire, to (make someone) tired
2 to become tired, to get tired out
Mae golwg wedi blino arni
She looks tired
:_______________________________.
blinwaith
‹blin-waith› masculine noun
1 tedious work
Y mae y gwaith o olchi aur yn flinwaith
i’r eithaf; yn llafur anhyfryd, afiach, ac anghysurus. (Y Traethodydd 1851
t353)
The task of washing gold is an extremely tedious task; an unpleasant, unhealthy
and uncomfortable job
ETYMOLOGY: (blin = tedious) + soft
mutation + (gwaith = work)
:_______________________________.
blith ‹bliith› adjective
PLURAL blithion ‹blith -yon›
1 milch = giving milk
buwch flith milch cow, dairy cow, cow kept for giving milk
(buwch = cow) + soft mutation + (blith = milch = giving milk)
da blithion milch cows, cows giving milk
gwartheg blithion milch cows
2 (m) milk; dairy produce; profit,
advantage
3 (North Wales) llefrith milk
llefrith < lleflith < llé’-flith < lléf-flith
(*llef = weak, soft, tepid) + soft mutation + (blith = milk)
Note the change l > r
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh blith < British *blikt- < Celtic *mlikt-
From the same Celtic root: Irish bleacht (= milk)
From the same Indoeuropean root:
..a/ Catalan munyir (= to milk) < Latin mungere < mulgere
(M-L-G. Compare the series of consonants in Celtic M-L-K)
..b/ English milk (cf the series of consonants in Celtic M-L-K)
:_______________________________.
blodau
(1) ‹BLOO-dai, -e›
1 flowers; plural form of blodyn
= flower
:_______________________________.
blodau
(2) ‹BLOO-de›
1 (obsolete) flower
2 the flower = the prime, the best, the choicest, the sublimest
blodau’r ffair the pride of the fair, the best of the fair
blodau ieuenctid the bloom of youth
blodau ei hoedran her prime of life, the flower of her age
7:36 Corinthiaid-1
Ond os yw neb yn tybied ei fod y anweddaidd tuag at ei wyry, od â hi dros
flodau ei hoedran, a bod yn rhaid gwneuthur felly; gwnaed a fynno, nid yw yn
pechu: priodant.
Corinthians-1 7:36 But if any man think that he behaveth himself uncomely toward his virgin, if she pass the flower of her age, and need so require, let him do what he will, he sinneth not: let them marry.
yn ei flodau floruit; in his prime
blodau ei oes prime of life
ym mlodau ei oes in the prime of his life, in the prime of life
Bu farw
ym mlodau ei oes
heb briodi He died, unmarried, in the prime of his life
blodeugerdd anthology
(blodeu-, blodau = the flower [of something], the best [of something]) + soft mutation + (cerdd = song, poem) > best song, best poem > anthology, collection of the best poems
:_______________________________.
blodeufa,
blodeuféydd ‹blo-DEI-va, blo-dei-VEIDH› (f)
1 parterre = an ornamental garden with flower beds of
different shapes and sizes and gravel paths or turf paths between the beds
ETYMOLOGY: (blodeu-, blodau =
flowers) + (-fa suffix = place)
:_______________________________.
blodeugerdd,
blodeugerddi ‹blo-DEI-gerdh, blo-dei-GER-dhi› (f)
1
anthology
ETYMOLOGY: (blodeu-, blodau = the
flower [of something], the best [of something]) + soft mutation + (cerdd
= song, poem) > best
song, best poem > anthology, collection of the best poems
:_______________________________.
blodeuo ‹blo DEI o› (verb)
1 to flower
ETYMOLOGY: (blodeu-, blodau = flowers) + (-o =
verbal suffix)
:_______________________________.
blodeuog ‹blo DEI og› (feminine noun)
1 flowery
2 blossoming
helygen
flodeuog (helyg blodeuog) (Chilopsis linearis)
desert willow
See: helygen yr anialwch
3
flourishing, thriving, growing apace
ETYMOLOGY: (blodeu-, blodau = flowers) + (-og =
adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
Blodeuwedd ‹blo-DEI-wedh› (feminine noun)
1 mythical personage
ETYMOLOGY: “(one who has)
(the) appearance (of) flowers”, “flowers-appearance”
(blodeu-, blodau = flowers) + soft mutation + (gwedd = aspect, appearance, look)
:_______________________________.
blodeuyn,
blodau ‹blo-DEI-in,
BLOO-dai, -e› (m)
1 flower
The more usual word nowadays is blodyn
ETYMOLOGY: (blodeu-, blodau = flowers) + (-yn =
singulative suffix) > blodeuyn
:_______________________________.
Blodwen ‹BLOD wen› (feminine noun)
1 woman's name
ETYMOLOGY: “flower”, “Flora” (blod-, stem of blodyn =
flower) + (-wen suffix for creating female names; = white, fair,
beautiful)
:_______________________________.
blodyn
(blodeuyn) ‹BLO din,
blo DEI in› (masculine
noun)
1 flower; blossom on a tree
blodau’r drain the hawthorn blossoms
2 Sul y Blodau Palm Sunday (“Sunday
(of) the flowers”) = the Sunday before Easter commemorating Jesus’s entry into
Jerusalem
3
Caeblodau street name, Baecinmel
(county of Dinbych) (appears as “Cae Blodau“)
‘cae’r blodau’ ‘(the) field (of) the flowers’
(cae = field) + (’r = yr / y definite article) + (blodau
= flowers)
The linking definite article is frequently omitted in place names
4
bod fel blodau’r graban (South) said
of a numerous family, ‘they’re all over the place’, ‘you find them everywhere‘
graban Chrysanthemum segetum; corn
marigold
5
Sul y Blodau Palm Sunday (“Sunday
(of) the flowers”) = sunday before Easter commemorating Jesus’s entrey into
Jerusalem
6
endearment: 'mlodyn i “my flower”
ETYMOLOGY: (blawd = flowers) + (-yn = singulative suffix) > “blawd-yn”
> blodyn
:_______________________________.
bloedd ‹blôidh› feminine noun
PLURAL bloeddiau,
bloeddiadau ‹bloidh-ye,
bloidh-yâ-de›
1 shout
bloeddiadau gwerthwyr y papurau
newyddion
the shouts of the newspaper sellers
2 shout of command
Nid oedd eisiau chwip na bloedd i yrru y
ceffylau am y gwyddent y ffordd yn dda
There was no need of a whip or a shout to drive along the horses as they knew
the road well
3 literary cadfloedd war cry
ETYMOLOGY: British < Celtic; cf Irish bladhair
(= to shout)
NOTE: In the south bloedd > blo’dd,
“bloodd”. The change oe [oi] > oo [o:] in
monosyllables is a regular feature of Southern Welsh.
:_______________________________.
bloeddio
‹bloidh -yo› verb
1 shout
2 m shouting
ETYMOLOGY: (bloedd = shout) + (-io verbal suffix)
:_______________________________.
bloeddiwr ‹blôidh-yur› masculine noun
PLURAL bloeddwyr
‹bloidh-wir›
1 shouter
ETYMOLOGY: (bloedd- stem of bloeddio = to shout) + (-i-wr agent suffix)
:_______________________________.
bloesg ‹BLOISK› (adjective)
1 indistinct
2 siarad yn floesg ‹SHA rad ən VLOISG› speak indistinctly
:_______________________________.
bloneg ‹BLO neg› masculine noun
1 fat, lard
bod gormod o floneg ar be too flabby (“be too-much of fat on”)
:_______________________________.
blonged ‹blo -nged› verb
(South Wales)
1 blonged i belong = be a
possession of
2 blonged i (member of a
family) be related to
ETYMOLOGY: English belong. See belongio
NOTE: Also: blongo, blongid. The standard form is perthyn
:_______________________________.
blongid ‹blo -ngid› verb
(South Wales)
1 blongid i belong = be a
possession of
2 blongid i (member of a
family) be related to
ETYMOLOGY: English belong. See belongio
NOTE: Also: blongo, blonged. The standard form is perthyn
:_______________________________.
blongo ‹blo –ngo› verb
(South Wales)
1 blongo i belong = be a
possession of
2 blongo i (member of a
family) be related to
ETYMOLOGY: English belong. See belongio
NOTE: Also: blonged, blongid. The standard form is perthyn
:_______________________________.
blows, PLURAL: blowsiau ‹BLOUS, VLOUS ye›
(feminine noun)
1 blouse
:_______________________________.
blwch llwch
‹bluukh lhuukh› masculine noun
PLURAL blychau
llwch ‹blə-khe
lhuukh›
1 ashtray (“box (of) ash”)
Taflwch y Blwch Llwch
Throw away the ashtray (name of a campaign for smokers to give up their
habit, Wales, January 2001)
:_______________________________.
blwch penseli
‹bluukh pen SE li› (masculine noun)
1 pencil box
:_______________________________.
blwydd ‹BLUIDH› (feminine noun)
1 year of age
:_______________________________.
blwyddyn ‹BLUI dhin› (feminine noun)
1 year
2 blwyddyn naid = leap
year, year having an intercalary day, an extra day inserted in the calendar
3 -Blwyddyn
newydd dda ichi! -Run fath i chithe! (= in the literary language Yr un fath i chwithau!)
-A happy New Year to you! -The same to you!
4 o’r naill ben i’r flwyddyn i’r llall from one end of the year to the
other, from year’s end to year’s end
5 mil o flynyddoedd a thousand years
y mil o flynyddoedd (Christianity)
the milennium, the period of one thousand years when Christ will reign the
Earth
Datguddiad 20:3 Ac a'i bwriodd ef i'r pydew diwaelod, ac a
gaeodd arno, ac a seliodd arno ef, fel na thwyllai efe'r cenhedloedd mwyach,
nes cyflawni'r mil o flynyddoedd: ac ar ôl hynny rhaid yw ei ollwng ef yn rhydd
dros ychydig amser. (20:4) Ac mi a welais orseddfeinciau, a hwy a eisteddasant
amynt, a barn a roed iddynt hwy: ac mi a welais eneidiau'r rhai a dorrwyd eu
pennau am dystiolaeth Iesu, ac am air Duw, a'r rhai nid addolasent y bwystfil
na'i ddelw ef, ac ni dderbyniasent ei nod ef ar eu talcennau, neu ar eu dwylo;
a hwy a fuant fyw ac a deyrnasasant gyda Christ fil o flynyddoedd.
Revelation 20:3 And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set
a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand
years should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season.
(20:4) And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto
them: and I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus,
and for the word of God, and which had not worshipped the beast, neither his
image, neither had received his mark upon their foreheads, or in their hands;
and they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years.
6 wyneb blwyddyn spring (“(the) face (of) year”)
Colloquially also gwyneb blwyddyn
Bernir y bydd yma ugeiniau o anifeiliaid wedi marw eisiau bwyd cyn
gwyneb blwyddyn.
It is thought that scores of animals here will have starved to death before
spring
(Letter from G.R. Roberts, Scott County, Tennessee in November 1863; Cofiant y
Tri Brawd / E Pan Jones / 1892 / tudalen 105)
7
ddeng mlynedd yn diweddarach ten
years later, ten years after
ryw flwyddyn neu ddwy ar ôl hyn a year or two after this
:_______________________________.
blwyddyn
dreth ‹blui
dhin DREETH› (feminine
noun)
1 tax year
:_______________________________.
blymonj, PLURAL: blymonjus ‹blə MONJ, blə MON jəs› (masculine noun)
1 blancmange
:_______________________________.
blynedd ‹BLƏ nedh›
(plural noun)
1 years
An old plural form; used in modern Welsh after numbers. In modern Welsh the
singular noun is used after a numeral, but in old Welsh it seems a plural form
was used. This has continued in the case of blwyddyn / blynedd, with a
separate plural form blwydd in use when ‘year of one’s age’ is meant – ddwy
flynedd yn ôl (= two years ago), pum
mlwydd oed (= five years old)
dwy flynedd two years
tair blynedd three years
pedair blynedd four years
pum mlynedd five years
chwe blynedd six years
saith mlynedd seven years
wyth mlynedd eight years
naw mlynedd nine years
deng mlynedd ten years
un mlynedd ar ddeg eleven years
deuddeng mlynedd twelve years
:_______________________________.
blyngad ‹blə -ngad›
verb
(South-west Wales)
1 blyngad i belong = be a
possession of
2 blyngad i (member of a
family) be related to
ETYMOLOGY: English belong. See belongio
:_______________________________.
blynyddoedd ‹blə NƏ dhodh› (plural noun)
1 years. See blwyddyn
flynyddoedd lawer yn ôl many years
ago
:_______________________________.
bnafyd
‹bnâ-vid› verb
1 (North Wales) to hurt
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
bo ‹BOO› (verb)
1 it be (subjunctive)
2 da bo chi (= goodbye) < da bo i chi ‘may it be
good to you’
(da = good) + (bo = may it be) + (i = to) + (chi =
you)
da bo ti (= goodbye)
< da bo i ti ‘may it be good to you’
(da = good) + (bo = may it be) + (i = to) + (ti =
you)
:_______________________________.
bob ‹BOOB› (adjective)
1 every, each (in adverbial phrases)
(The initial consonant of the first
word in an adverbial phrase undergoes soft mutation)
pob dydd > bob dydd every day (adv)
mae pob dydd yn wahanol every day / each day is different
ar gyfer pob dydd o’r flwyddyn for
each day of the year
mynd i’r gwaith bob dydd ar y bws
go to work every day on the bus
(adverbial phrase)
pob haf > bob haf every summer (adv)
:_______________________________.
bob amser ‹boob AM ser› (adverb)
1 each time
:_______________________________.
bob blwyddyn
ADVERB
‹boob blui dhin›
1 every year
ETYMOLOGY: pob = each, every; + blwyddyn
= year; the phrase has soft mutation (p > b) to denote adverbial function
:_______________________________.
bob dydd ‹boob DIIDH› (adverb)
1 every day
:_______________________________.
bob hyn a hyn
‹boob HIN a HIN› (adverb)
1 every now and then
:_______________________________.
bob ochr ‹boob ô -khor› adverb
1 on both sides
ysbïwr bob ochr double agent
ETYMOLOGY: (pob = each) + (ochr = side). There is soft mutation of
an initial consonant in adverbial phrases. hence p > b
:_______________________________.
bob ochr i
‹boob ô –khor ii› preposition
1 on both sides of, on either side of
ETYMOLOGY: (bob ochr = both sides) +
(i, preposition = to, used to form
prepositionals from adverbials)
:_______________________________.
bob tro ‹boob TROO› (adverb)
1 every time
:_______________________________.
bob wythnos ‹boob UITH nos›
(adverb)
1 every week
:_______________________________.
bob yn…
1 indicating frequency
bob yn drydydd dydd Llun every third
Monday
bob yn eilnos every other night, one
night out of two
2 indicating equal steps in a progression
bob yn fodfedd inch by inch
bob yn llam by leaps and bounds
:_______________________________.
bob yn ail ‹boob ən AIL›
(adverb)
1 alternately
2 gweithio bob yn ail â
pheidio work by fits and starts (“work alternately with stopping”)
:_______________________________.
bob yn fodfedd
‹boob ən vod -vedh› adverb
1 inch by inch
palu'r ardd bob yn fodfedd dig the
garden inch by inch
ETYMOLOGY: (pob = each) + (yn = in / linkword) + soft mutation + (modfedd = inch). Soft mutation of the initial
consonant in an adverbial phrase p
> b
:_______________________________.
bob yn llam
‹boob ən lham ›
adv
1 cynyddu bob yn llam
increase by leaps and bounds
ETYMOLOGY: (pob = each) + (yn = in) + (llam = leap). Soft mutation of the initial consonant in an
adverbial phrase p > b
:_______________________________.
boch, PLURAL: bochau ‹BOOKH, BO khe›
(feminine noun)
1 cheek
y foch the cheek
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin bucca (= mouth)
:_______________________________.
bocs, PLURAL: bocsus ‹BOKS, BOK sis›
(masculine noun)
1 box
ETYMOLOGY: English box
:_______________________________.
bocs teganau ‹boks te GA ne›
(masculine noun)
1 toy box
:_______________________________.
bod ‹BOOD› (verb)
1 to be
2 Beth sy'n bod? ‹BETH sin BOOD›
(phrase) What’s the matter?
3 bod ar fin ‹BOOD ar VIIN› (verb) to be on the point of (doing something)
4
be = remain unchanged
gadael i bethau fod let things take
their course
5 bod + soft mutation (adverbial
phrase)
bod drwyn wrth gynffon (cars in a traffic jam) be nose to tail
6 bod is a final element in
various compounds
..a/ adnabod to know
..b/ canfod to perceive
(can- = with) + soft mutation + (bod = being, to be) < British
From the same British root: Breton kavout (= find)
..c/ cymod reconciliation
(cym- prefix = together) + soft
mutation + (bod = being) > *cymfod > cymod
..d/ darganfod (= discover) (dar- intensifying prefix) + soft
mutation + (canfod = perceive)
..e/ gwybod to know
< *gwy’fod < *gwyddfod (gwydd- element now obsolete
= to see, to discover) + soft mutation + (bod = be, being)
..f/ hanfod essence; (verb) derive from, stem from
(hân- noun now obsolete, = separation) + soft mutation + (bod =
being; to be)
(The equivalent word for hân in Irish is the prefix sain- =
special, specific, particular, characterisitic)
bod wedi ei... “be after his / her / its...”
bod wedi ei ddifrodi (m), bod wedi ei difrodi (f) be
damaged (“be after its damaging”)
bod wedi ei dorri’n ddwy (m), bod wedi ei thorri’n ddwy (f)
be broken in two (“be after its breakiing in two”)
bod wedi ei enwebu (m), bod wedi ei henwebu (f) be
nominated (“be after his / her nominating”)
:_______________________________.
bod ‹BOOD› (feminine noun)
1 being
Y Bod Mawr The Supreme Being
2 dwelling, house
In house names
Bodarfryn “Bod Arfryn” (“(the) house
on (the) hill”)
House name in Tywyn (county of Gwynedd)
(as “Bod Arfryn” in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable
Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)
hafod summer place < haf-fod (haf = summer) + soft
mutation + (bod = dwelling, dwelling place)
3 In some place names in North Wales, it means church
Boduan, Bodewryd, Bodedern, Bodferin, Bodwrog, Botwnnog, Bodelwyddan
:_______________________________.
bod â
1 to have (“be with”)
CALON:
bod â'ch calon yn eich gwaith have your heart in your work
CANOLFAN:
bod â’ch canolfan yn...
(company, organisation) be based in, have its main office in... (“have its centre in”)
CEFN:
bod â’ch cefn at (house) back onto
(“have its back towards”)
.....Mae’r ty â’i gefn at y parc The
house backs onto the park
CYLLELL:
bod â’ch cyllell yn rhywun o hyd be constantly getting at someone,
be always getting at someone
.....Mae e â’i gyllell ynof o hyd He’s always getting at me (“He has his
knife in me constantly”)
EISIAU:
bod ag eisiau (rhywbeth) ar (rywun) to want
GAIR:
bod â gair da i (rywun) have a good word for = mention favourably (lit:
be + with a good word + to)
bod â gair go dda i (rywun) have a quite a good word for = mention quite
favourably (lit: be + with quite a good word + to)
GALLU:
bod â'r allu (i...) be capable of
GOFAL:
bod â'ch gofal yn fawr am look after very carefully
GOLWG:
bod â'ch golwg ar have one's eye on (intend to buy, etc; be attracted to
(someone) etc)
GORMOD:
bod â gormod o heyrn yn y tân have too many irons in the fire
LLYGAD:
bod â'ch llygad ar have one's eye on (intend to buy, etc; be attracted
to (someone) etc)
bod â’ch llygad ar eich cyfle be on the lookout for your chance (to do
something), be biding your time
bod â'ch llygad ar eich ysgwydd be on the lookout, be wary
bod â'ch llygad dros eich ysgwydd be on the lookout, be wary
OFN:
bod ag ofn (peth neu rywun) be afraid of something / someone
PENCADLYS:
bod â’ch pencadlys yn... be based in
(“have its headquarters in”)
.....Mae’r cwmni â’i bencadlys ym
Mhen-y-bont The company is based in Pen-y-bont
PEN:
bod â'ch pen i lawr have your head bowed; be upside down (lit: be with
your head down)
PIG:
bod â’ch pig i mewn i rywbeth be a
real busybody, be really nosy
... Ma fa â'i big miwn i bobman He’s
really nosy (“he’s with his beak/ nose in everywhere”)
PRIF SWYDDFA:
bod â’ch prif swyddfa yn...
(company) be based in (“have its main
office in”)
PRYD:
bod â'ch pryd ar (rywbeth) have your heart set on
RHYDDID:
bod â'r rhyddid i (wneud rhywbeth) have the freedom to do something
WYNEB:
bod â'ch wyneb yn ôl i'ch cartref be headed for home (“have your face
back to your home”)
:_______________________________.
boda, PLURAL: bodaod ‹BO da, bo DA od›
(feminine noun)
1 kite (type of bird) (South Wales)
y foda the kite
:_______________________________.
bod ar eich drwg
‹bood ar əkh druug›
1 be up to no good
Mae’r brain ar ’u drwg heddiw eto
The crows are up to no good again today
ETYMOLOGY: (bod = be) + (ar = on) + (eich = your) + (drwg =
badness).
:_______________________________.
bod byw ac iach ‹bood biu aag yaakh›
1 “be alive and healthy”
os bydda i fyw ac iach God willing / if all goes well
Mi ddo i nôl ’ma eto y flwyddyn nesa, os bydda i fyw ac iach
I’ll be back here next year, God willing / if all goes well
ETYMOLOGY: (os = if) + (byw
= alive) + (ac = and) + (iach = healthy)
:_______________________________.
bodd ‹BOODH› (masculine noun)
1 satisfaction, contentment,
pleasure
2 wrth eich bodd ‹urth əkh BOODH› contented
bod wrth eich bodd dros...
be very pleased for
Rw i wrth ’y modd drosoch chi I’m
very pleased for you, I’m thrilled for you (“I’m at my satisfaction over you”)
3 o'ch bodd neu o’ch anfodd whether
you like it or not (“of your satisfaction or of your dissatisfaction”) + (o = from) + (eich = your) + (bodd =
satisfaction) + (neu = or) + (o) + (eich + (anfodd =
dissatisfaction)
4
gwirfodd free will
(gwir = true ) + soft mutation + (bodd = will)
o’ch gwirfodd voluntarily, of your
own free will
gwneud rhywbeth o’ch gwirfodd do
something of your own free will
:_______________________________.
boddháu ‹bodh HAI› (verb)
1 satisfy
2
eich boddháu ym mhob dim to satisfy
your every wish (“satisfy you in every thing”)
:_______________________________.
boddi ‹BO dhi› (verb)
1 drown
2 dianc o Glwyd a boddi ar Gonwy go from the frying pan into the fire (“escape from (the river)
Clwyd and drown on (= crossing) (the river) Conwy”)
3 (moon) to seem to go behind thick cloud
Y lleuad
yn boddi, glaw cyn y bore (weather lore) the moon “drowning”, rain before
the morning
:_______________________________.
Bodedern ‹bo DE dern› (masculine noun)
1 village name, north-west Wales
(bod = dwelling; monastery; Edern = saint's name)
:_______________________________.
bod gyd-led
gyd-hyd ‹bood
giid- leed giid-hiid ›
1 be as long as it is broad
ETYMOLOGY: (bod = to be) + soft
mutation + (cyd-led = co-length) +
soft mutation + (cyd-hyd =
co-width). There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases.
hence cyd > gyd
:_______________________________.
bodiau
‹bod -ye›
1 thumbs; plural form of bawd
= thumb
:_______________________________.
Bodidda
1 medieval township in Henryd,
Conwy.
Name of a house in Llechwedd, Conwy
"BODIDDA, a township in the parish of Gyffin, and hundred of Isaf, in
the county of Carnarvon, North Wales, 1 mile from Conway." National
Gazetteer, 1868
ETYMOLOGY: Bodidda < Bodiddan (bod = house) + (Iddan male forename)
The name is possibly Iddan < Iuddan (iudd = lord) + (-an diminutive suffix).
For the loss of the final –n, compare northern colloquial cyfa < cyfan (= complete)
:_______________________________.
bodio ‹BOD yo› (verb)
1 to thumb it, to hitchhike
:_______________________________.
bodlon ‹BOD lon› (adjective)
1 content
:_______________________________.
bodloni ‹bod LO ni› (verb)
1 satisfy
2 bodloni ar yr ail orau
settle for second best, be content with
second best
:_______________________________.
bodr ‹bo -dor› adjective
1 Soft mutated form (p > b) of podr, feminine form of pwdr
= rotten; barren, poor
y Waun Bodr (place name) the barren
moorland meadow
:_______________________________.
bod ti a
tithau rhwng ‹bod TII
a TI the hrung› (verb)
1 call each other 'ti' (rather than the
formal 'chi') (“be thou and thou-too between...”), be on very close terms with
:_______________________________.
bod yn bleser ‹bood ən ble -ser›
1 to be a pleasure
Roedd yn bleser darllen ei erthygl It was a pleasure to read his article
ETYMOLOGY: (bod = be) + (yn linking particle) + soft mutation + (pleser
= pleasure)
:_______________________________.
bod yn drist ‹bood ən drist›
1 to be sad
Mae’n drist meddwl beth fydd dyfodol ein gwlad
It’s sad to think what the future of our country will be
ETYMOLOGY: (bod = be) + (yn linking particle) + soft mutation + (trist
= sad)
:_______________________________.
bod yn ynfyd
wallgo’ ‹bood
ən ən-vid walh-go›
1 be furious, be hopping mad
ETYMOLOGY: (bod = be) + (yn predicative particle) + (ynfyd = insane, mad) + soft mutation +
(gwallgof = insane, mad)
:_______________________________.
boed
1 boed hindda neu ddrycin fair weather or foul, rain or shine,
whatever the weather
Mi ddof boed hindda neu ddrycin I
shall come whatever the weather
:_______________________________.
boed hindda neu
ddrycin ‹boid
hin-dha nei dhrə-kin› adverb
1 fair weather or foul, rain or shine, whatever the weather
Mi ddof boed hindda neu ddrycin I
shall come whatever the weather
ETYMOLOGY: “whether it be good weather or bad weather / storm” (boed = whether it be) + (hindda = good weather) + (neu = or) + (drycin = bad weather / storm)
:_______________________________.
boeler ‹boi -ler› masculine noun
PLURAL boelerau,
boeleri, boelrydd ‹boi-
lê –re, ri, ridh›
1 boiler = closed vessel for turning water into steam to drive a
turbine or provide heat
2 boiler = closed vessel for providing hot water in a house
3 gwneuthurwr boelerau
boiler maker
ETYMOLOGY: English boiler (boil = to boil) + (-er suffix indicating a device), < Latin bullîre (= to bubble, to produce bubbles) < bulla (= bubble)
:_______________________________.
boelerdy ‹boi- ler –di› masculine noun
PLURAL boelerdai
‹boi- ler –dai›
1 boilerhouse = part of a factory where boilers are housed
ETYMOLOGY: (boeler = boiler) + soft
mutation + (tŷ = house)
:_______________________________.
bogail ‹bô -gel› masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL bogeiliau
‹bo-geil-ye›
1 navel
y bogail / y fogail the navel
Diarhebion 3:7 Na fydd ddoeth yn dy olwg
dy hun: ofna yr Arglwydd, a thyn ymaith oddi wrth ddrygioni (3:8) Hynny a fydd iechyd i'th fogail, a mêr i'ch
esgyrn
Proverbs 3:7 Be not wise in thy own eyes: fear the Lord, and depart from evil.
(3:8) It shall be health to thy navel and marrow to thy bones
Eseciel 16:4 Ac am dy enedigaeth, ar y
dydd y'th anwyd ni thorrwyd dy fogail, ac mewn dwfr ni'th olchwyd i'th
feddalhau: ni'th gyweiriwyd chwaith â halen, ac ni'th rwymwyd â rhwymyn
Ezekiel 16:4 As for thy nativity, in the day thou was born thy navel was not
cut, neither wast thou washed in water to supple thee; thou wast not salted at
all, nor swaddled at all
2 boss of a shield; ornamental stud or knob stud in the centre of a
shield
3 hub (of a wheel), central part of a wheel from which the spokes
radiate; usually the word used for this is both
4 llinyn bogail umbilical
cord
llinyn y bogail the umbilical cord
5 toriad y bogail cutting
of the umbilical cord
Roedd o yno yn nhoriad ei fogail
(said of some innate badness in a person, a propensity to commit criminal acts
which is typical of the person's parents and antecedents) (“it was there in the
cutting of the umbilical cord”)
6 syllu ar eich bogail
contemplate one's navel, gaze at one's navel
ETYMOLOGY: bogail < bogeil, which was a singular form based
on the plural form bogeiliau.
Historically the singular form was bogel.
< British < Celtic
The other two British languages: Cornish begel
(= navel), Breton begel (= navel)
Cf Latin buccula (= cheek strap;
boss in the middle of a shield), diminutive form of bucca (= mouth) (from which the English word ‘buckle’ comes: Latin buccula > French boucle > English buckle)
NOTE: masculine in the north (y bogail),
feminine in the south (y fogail)
Colloquial spelling of bogail - bogel, bogal.
In South-west Wales the plural form bogeiliau
> bogeile, bogile
The colloquial form is botwm bol in
the north, and botwm bola in the
south (= belly button)
:_______________________________.
Boi ‹boi ›
1 Element from the place name Abercwmbói
(ST0399) in the county of Rhondda Cynon Taf, taken to mean “confluence of the
valley of Boi”, where Boi is understood as the name of a person.
Historically however the name was Abercynfoi
(i.e. Abercýnfoi) (or possibly Abercynfói, with the accent on the final syllable) (confluence of Cynfoi / Cynfói; the name Cynfoi / Cynfói is probably a personal
name). The name Boi therefore has no
real justification.
2 “Boi Close”, street name in Aberpennar (The Welsh name would be
“Clos Boi”)
:_______________________________.
bol ‹bol› masculine noun
PLURAL boliau
‹bol -ye›
North Wales, and standard Welsh (in the south, bola)
1 (a) belly, paunch; (b) pot = fat belly
2 belly (of an animal)
Matthew 12:40 Canys fel y bu Jonas
dridiau a thair nos ym mol y morfil
Matthew 12:40 For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the whale's belly
3 stomach = sac in the alimentary canal where food is stored for
digesting
Ma' 'i lyged yn fwy na'i fola His
eyes are bigger than his stomach, he has taken more food than he can manage
4 South Wales bod gyda chi lond bola o ofn, be scared
stiff (“have a bellyful of fear with you”)
5 un am ei fol / ei bol ‹iin am i vol› glutton
(“(a) person for his / her belly”)
6 bod gennych dân yn y bol
be full of fire / energy / determination (“fire in the belly”)
7 obsolete bag
Survives in the expression dyrnfol
'bag for the hand', hedging mitten = leather glove used in trimming hedges,
with one space for the fingers together and another for the thumb
(dyrn- < dwrn = anciently 'hand', now 'fist') + soft mutation + (bol = belly, bag)
8 South Wales bola coes (qv) calf of the leg (“belly
(of) leg”)
9 llond eich bol a full
stomach (“(the) fullness (of) your stomach”)
bwyta llond eich bol eat one's fill
of food
10 llond eich bol the
limit of your patience (“(the) fullness (of) your stomach”)
cael llond bol o be fed up with
11 tywyll fel bol buwch ddu
very dark; 'dark like the belly of a black cow'
also: tywyll fel bol buwch, or
simply fel bol buwch
12 place names marsh (the
sense development seems to be 'cavity' > 'marsh') cf the element cest
..1/ Bolgoed locality in the county
of Abertawe (marsh + wood, “the marsh wood”, marshy wood, wood in marshland).
..2/ Bolros locality in South
Herefordshire, England; (marsh + moor, “the marsh moor”, marshy moorland). The
English name is a direct translation of the Welsh: “Bellymoor”
..3/ Cors y Bol SH3885 bog in Ynys Môn; (“(the) bog (of) the marsh”)
..4/ Rhos-y-bol SH4288 locality and parish by Amlwch, Ynys Môn; (“(the) moor (of)
the marsh”)
13 North Wales mutual
liking
Does dim llawer o fol rhyngddo i â fo
There's no love lost between us, we don't really like each other (“there isn't
a lot of belly between me and him”)
14 county of Ceredigion bola at a liking for (“a belly / a
stomach towards”)
Does da fi ddim bola ato fe I don't
like him (“there isn’t with me any stomach / liking towards him”)
15 depth, middle
Jona 2:2 Ac a ddywedodd, O'm hing y
gelwais ar yr Arglwydd, ac efe a'm hatebodd; o fol uffern y gwaeddais, a
chlywaist fy llef
Jonah 2:2 And said, I cried by reason of mine affliction unto the LORD, and
he heard me; out of the belly of hell cried I, ‹and› thou heardest my
voice.
16 county of Ceredigion bola berfedd (qv)
17 fish roe
bol caled hard roe
bol meddal soft roe
bol llaith soft roe Gwynedd, Ceredigion
bol llibin soft roe, Ceredigion ('weak, flaccid')
bol gronell hard roe Ceredigion (grawn = grain, + -ell
suffix)
18 bol clawdd bottom of a
hedge
cyn gynhysed â neidr ym mol clawdd
(“as warm as a snake at the bottom of a hedge”)
19 (North) bwrw’ch bol wrth rywun
unbosom yourself to, reveal your feelings
20 magu bol get a pot belly, get potbellied
Mae e’n magu bol, ond yw e? He’s getting potbellied, isn’t he?
21 cael caws o fola ci try to do the impossible (“get cheese
from (the) stomach (of) (a) dog”)
22 Dos
i chwarae efo dy fol! Get stuffed! (“go to play with your belly”)
23 bod bron â thorri’ch bol o
eisiau (gwneud rhywbeth) be dead keen to do something
(“be almost bursting your belly from (the) want (of) doing”)
Roedd bron â thorri ei fol o eisiau mynd
He was dead keen to go
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh bol < *bolgh < British bolg-
From the same British root: Cornish bolghenn
(= seedpod), Breton bolc'henn (=
seedpod)
From the same Celtic root: Irish bolg
(= belly, bag; plural boilg =
bellows)
The Celtic word survives too in modern French.
Gaulish bolg- > Latin bulga (= bag) > Old French boulge = (bag, leather bag) (modern
French bouge = protuberence).
This Old French word boulge is the
source of two words in modern English
(1) bulge
(2) and from the diminutive form boulge
> bougette (= pouch, leather
pouch) comes English budget (=
estimate of expenditure).
Related words in Germanic from the same Indo-European source are English belly < Old English belig, belg = bag; this also gave bellow, and so the plural form bellows.
The related word in German is der
Balg (= skin, pelt, snakeskin); and in the plural form die Bälge (= bellows).
Related to the meaning of 'bellows' is Sanskrit barhi (= chaff)
:_______________________________.
bola ‹bo -la› masculine noun
PLURAL boliau
‹bol -ye›
South Wales
1 belly, stomach
2
cafflo bola i daclo pen to rob Peter
to bay Paul (“deceive a belly to decorate a head”, deceive the belly to adorn
the head )
The northern form and the standard form is bol
Hence llond bol (North) / llond bola (South) stomachful
ETYMOLOGY: See bol.
In the South, Old Welsh *bolgh > bola
(with vocalistation of the final consonant), whereas in the North *bolgh > bol (with loss of the final consonant)
:_______________________________.
bola berfedd
‹bo-la ber -vedh› masculine noun
South Wales
1 bowels
2 innermost secrets
gweud ei fola berfedd reveal / tell
his innermost secrets
ETYMOLOGY: “belly-interior” (bola =
belly) + soft mutation + (perfedd =
bowels, insides)
NOTE: also without soft mutation - bola
perfedd
:_______________________________.
bola buwch
‹bo-la biukh› masculine noun
South Wales (in the North, bol buwch)
1 mor dywyll â bola buwch
said of a dark place (“as dark as (a) belly (of a) cow”)
:_______________________________.
bola haul
‹bo -la hâil› masculine noun
South Wales
1 south-facing part of a mountain or hill which is sunnier than
other parts; 'suntrap', 'sunny side'. The opposite is cil haul ('shady side')
2 Bola-haul locality in
the county of Caerfyrddin. Birthplace of the Independent minister William Lewis
(1791-1821).
Nearby are:
Heol Bola-haul street in Llangynnwr SN4320 in the county of Caerfyrddin
Heol Bola-haul (spelt as “Heol Bola
Haul”) street in Cwm-ffrwd SN4217 in
the county of Caerfyrddin
ETYMOLOGY: bola’r haul '(the) belly (of) the sun'
(bola = belly) + (yr definite article = the) + (haul = sun)
:_______________________________.
bola-heulo
‹bo-la- hei -lo› verb
South Wales
verb without an object
1 sunbathe
ETYMOLOGY: “to belly-sun” (bola =
belly) + (heulo = to sun, to expose
to the sun)
:_______________________________.
bola perfedd
‹bo-la per -vedh› masculine noun
1 See: bola berfedd
:_______________________________.
bolard
‹bo -lard› masculine noun
PLURAL bolardiau
‹bo- lard -ye›
1 bollard = post on the edge or the end of a pavement to prevent
motor vehicles from parking, entering
2 bollard = post on a wharf for mooring a boat
ETYMOLOGY: English bollard, probably
< bole = tree trunk <
Scandinavian
:_______________________________.
bolas
‹bo -las› feminine noun
1 aphetic colloquial form of eboles
‹e- bo -les› = filly, female foal.
yr eboles (the filly) > y ’boles > (North-west) y ’bolas
:_______________________________.
bolastwr
‹bo- la -stur› masculine noun
PLURAL bolastwyr
‹bo- last -wir›
South-west Wales
1 glutton, greedy-guts
ETYMOLOGY: bola = belly + ?
:_______________________________.
bola tost
‹bo-la tost› masculine noun
South Wales
1 stomach pains, stomachache, belly ache (USA: cramps)
:_______________________________.
bol cwrw
‹bol ku-ru› masculine noun
1 beer belly, pot; large belly from drinking too much beer over the
years
Ar y traeth yr oedd y dynion i gyd am y
gorau i ddangos eu boliau cwrw a'r merched eu cluniau llawn séliwleit
On the beach all the men were trying to outdo everybody else showing off their
beer bellies and the women their thighs full of cellulite
:_______________________________.
boles
‹bo -les› feminine noun
1 aphetic colloquial form of eboles
‹e- bo -les› = filly, female foal.
yr eboles (the filly) > y 'boles
:_______________________________.
bol-laniad
‹bol- lan -yad› m
PLURAL bol-laniadau
‹bol-lan-yâ-de›
1
pancake landing
ETYMOLOGY: (bol- = belly) + soft
mutation + (glaniad = landing )
:_______________________________.
bolól
‹bo- lol › m
PLURAL bololion
‹bo-lol-yon›
1
(North Wales) bogeyman, bogey, goblin
ETYMOLOGY: (bo = bogeyman, goblin) +
possibly (lol = nonsense)
:_______________________________.
bom ‹bom › feminine
noun
PLURAL bomiau
‹bom -ye›
1 bomb = explosive device
gollwng bom ar drop a bomb on
bom niwcliar nuclear bomb
ETYMOLOGY: English bomb (= explosive
device) < <French bombe <
Italian bomba, probably Latin bombus < Greek bombos (sound of a drum, etc, of imitative origin)
NOTE: also a masculine noun
:_______________________________.
bomio ‹bom-yo › verb
1 bomb
y penderfyniad i fomio Irác the
decision to bomb Iraq
2 (verb without an object) to bomb = to drop bombs
Yn Rhagfyr 1841 dechreuodd y Siapaneaid
fomio
In December 1941 the Japanese began bombing
3
awyren fomio bomber (plane which
drops bombs)
4 ei bomio hi bomb along
= go at a very fast pace
5 plymfomio divebomb
ETYMOLOGY: (bom = bomb) (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
bomiwr ‹bom -yur› masculine
noun
PLURAL bomwyr
‹bom -wir›
1 bomber = person who places bombs
2 bomber = aeroplane that drops bombs
ETYMOLOGY: (bom-i- = stem of bomio to place a bomb or bombs) + (-i-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
bôn, PLURAL: bonion ‹BOON, BON-yon›
(masculine noun)
1 base
2 bongam bandy-leggèd,
bow-leggèd
(bôn = cul) + soft mutation + (cam = crooked)
:_______________________________.
bôn braich
‹boon braikh› masculine noun
1 biceps, upper arm
2 physical force, brute force, physical effort
Mandral a bôn braich oedd hi y dyddiau
hynny dan ddaear
It was a case of a pick and physical strength in those days underground (= in
the mine)
dulliau bôn braich strong-arm
tactics, physical coercion
ETYMOLOGY: “base (of) arm” (bôn =
base) + (braich = arm)
:_______________________________.
boncyn, PLURAL: bonciau ‹BONGK, BONGK-yai, -ye› (masculine noun)
1 bank,
rising ground, hillock
ETYMOLOGY: from midlands English bonk (= bank, slope)
NOTE: English bank > banc, English bonk > bonc, boncyn, ponc, poncen
:_______________________________.
Y Bonc-ddu
‹bongk dhii› feminine noun
1 street name in Rhosllannerchrugog (county of Wrecsam)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘the black bank’ (y =
definite article) + soft mutation + (ponc
= bank) + soft mutation + (du =
black)
:_______________________________.
boncyff, PLURAL: boncyffion ‹BONG kiff, bong KƏF yon› (masculine noun)
1 tree stump
ty boncyffion – log house
:_______________________________.
boncyn, PLURAL: bonciau ‹BONG kin, BONGK-yai, -ye› (masculine noun)
1 bank,
rising ground, hillock
Boncyn y Beddau “(the) bank (of) the graves”, SO1098 east of
Llangynog, Powys
(boncyn = bank) + (y = definite article) + (beddau = graves, plural of bedd =
grave)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1098
map, llun / map, photo
ETYMOLOGY: (bonc = bank, slope) + (-yn diminutive suffix)
NOTE: English bank > banc, English bonk > bonc, boncyn,
ponc, poncen
:_______________________________.
bonedd ‹BÔ-nedh› (masculine noun)
1 nobility, gentry
Bonedd a ddwg gyfrifoldeb Noblesse
oblige = to be born into the nobility implies the need for high moral
principles and just behaviour
(“(it-is) nobility which brings responsibility”)
:_______________________________.
boneddiges, PLURAL: boneddigesau
‹bo ne DHI ges, bo ne
dhi GE se› (feminine
noun)
1 noblewoman
y foneddiges the noblewoman
:_______________________________.
boneddigion ‹bo ne DHIG yon›
(npl)
1 nobility, gentry
:_______________________________.
bonesig
‹bo- ne -sig› feminine noun
1 (title) Lady (peer; wife of a peer)
Y Fonesig Rees Lady Rees
ETYMOLOGY: Michael D. Jones (the founder of the Welsh settlement in Patagonia)
coined the word boneddes (= lady)
(First example c.1876).
This is (bonedd = nobility) + (-es noun suffix indicating a female);
by removing the syllable -edd he
came up with the reduced form Bones
Bonesig (First example c. 1898) is (bones = lady) + (-ig diminutive suffix added to nouns)
:_______________________________.
bongam ‹bon-gam › adjective
1 bandy-leggèd, bow-leggèd
Fongam Epithet in Middle Welsh - Deicws Fongam c1450 “bandy-leggèd
David” (Deicws < Dafydd = David)
2 Mae’n fingul, mae’n fongam,
mae’n wargul, mae’n wyrgam description of a bridge by Edward Richard,
Ystradmeuirg 1803 (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary
t300)
It is narrow-edged, it is bandy-leggèd (= one of the bases is out of position),
it is narrow-humped, it is leaning to one side
ETYMOLOGY: (bôn = cul) + soft
mutation + (cam = crooked)
:_______________________________.
bongorff ‹bon -gorff› masculine
noun
PLURAL bongyrff ‹bon -girff›
1 trunk (of the body)
ETYMOLOGY: “base-body” (bôn = base) + soft mutation + (corff =
body)
:_______________________________.
bonheddig ‹bon HEE dhig› (adjective)
1 noble, of gentle birth
gŵr bonheddig gentleman
byw fel gŵr bonheddig live the life of Riley (“live like a
gentleman”)
2 ffug-fonheddig
pseudo-aristocratic
:_______________________________.
bonheddwr, PLURAL: bonheddwyr ‹bo NHE dhur, bo NHEDH wir› (masculine noun)
1 nobleman
:_______________________________.
bônt ‹boont› verb
1 they may be
Y mae’r boblogaeth oll, o ba genedl
bynnag y bônt, yn cael hwyl ar eisteddfod yr Wladfa
All the population, regardless of nationality (of whatever nation they may be),
enjoy the Gwladfa eisteddfod
:_______________________________.
y Bont-faen ‹ə bont vain›
settlement name
1 SS 9974 locality in the county of Bro Morgannwg (South-east
Wales).
One local pronunciation was Bom-ffään
‹bom fään› . (‘ää’ like the ‘e’ in English ‘bed’ made long)
English name: “Cowbridge”
2 parish in this place
(1961) population: 1,025; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 6%
(1971) population: 1,150; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 6%
3 As a reference point - in place-name tags in Bro Morgannwg
Llanfihangel y Bont-faen (to
distinguish it from many other places called Llanfihangel)
Llandochau’r Bont-faen (to
distinguish it from Llandochau Fach,
near Penárth)
ETYMOLOGY: “the stone bridge” (y =
the) + soft mutation + (pont =
bridge) + soft mutation + (maen =
bridge)
:_______________________________.
y Bont Gam ‹ə bont gam›
feminine noun
1 name of the bridge over the river Taf in central Pont-ty-pridd,
South-east Wales
ETYMOLOGY: (“the humpbacked bridge”)
(y = the) + soft mutation + (pont = bridge) + soft mutation + (cam = humpbacked)
:_______________________________.
y Bont Grog ‹ə bont groog›
feminine noun
1 locality in Dyffryn Camwy (Patagonia)
ETYMOLOGY: “the hanging bridge, the suspension bridge” (y = the) + soft mutation + (pont
= bridge) + soft mutation + (crog =
hung, suspended)
:_______________________________.
y Bont-goch ‹ə bont gookh›
feminine noun
1 SN6886 locality by
Tal-y-bont (county of Ceredigion). Alternative name: Elerch
ETYMOLOGY: “the red bridge” (y =
the) + soft mutation + (pont =
bridge) + soft mutation + (coch =
red)
:_______________________________.
y Bont Haearn ‹ə bont hei -arn› feminine noun
1 a historic iron bridge over the Taf in Merthyrtudful, demolished
in the 1960s
Local form: y Bont Harn, y Bont 'Arn
(in south Wales haearn > harn; in south-east Wales h is generally absent in the
traditional spoken Welsh of the region)
ETYMOLOGY: “the iron bridge” (y =
the) + soft mutation + (pont =
bridge) + (haearn = iron)
:_______________________________.
y Bont Harn ‹ə bont harn›
feminine noun
1 see: y Bont Haearn
:_______________________________.
y Bontnewydd ‹ə bont-neu-idh› feminine noun
1 SH4859 locality by
Caernarfon (county of Gwynedd)
2 SH7720 locality in the
district of Meirionnydd (county of Gwynedd)
3 ST2197 locality in the
county of Caerffili.
The local pronunciation in Welsh was Bonnewydd.
English name: “Newbridge”
4 SN6165 locality 6km
south of Llangwyryfon, county of Ceredigion
5 SJ0170 locality on the
river Elwy, south-west of Llanelwy
6 Some towns of this name are distinguished by the addition of an identifying
tag:
Y Bontnewydd ar Wy SO0158 (qv)
ETYMOLOGY: “the new bridge” (y =
the) + soft mutation + (pont =
bridge) + (newydd = new)
:_______________________________.
y Bontnewydd ar Wy
‹ə bont-neu-idh ar ui› feminine noun
1 SO0158 locality in the
district of Maesyfed (county of Powys).
English name: “Newbridge on Wye”
ETYMOLOGY: “the place called 'Bontnewydd' which is on the river Gwy”
(ar = on) + soft mutation + (Gwy = river name).
Y Bontnewydd is “the new bridge” (y
= the) + soft mutation + (pont =
bridge) + (newydd = new)
:_______________________________.
bopa <BO-pa› [ˡbɔpa] (f)
1 auntie
Diminutive form of modryb (= aunt)
ETYMOLOGY:
..a/ bo- (infant imitation of the first syllable of modryb = aunt)
..b/ redupiclated syllable *bobo, with -a (a diminutive suffix
used with fond names of relatives) replacing the final o
..c/ boba in the south-east becomes bopa (the consonants b-d-g
at the head of the final syllable are devoiced to p-t-c)
:_______________________________.
bord, PLURAL: bordydd ‹BORD, BOR didh›
(feminine noun)
1 (South Wales) table
:_______________________________.
borden
‹bor-den› masculine noun
PLURAL bordiau
wal ‹bord-ya›
1 borden wal plural bordiau wal (American: baseboard)
(Englandic: skirting board)
ETYMOLOGY: (bord = board) + (-en diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
border
‹bor -der› m
PLURAL borderi,
borderydd ‹bor-dê-ri,
-ridh›
1
border = strip of ground planted with flowers or vegetables at the side of a
path in a garden
Y Border Bach the little border
poem by William Crwys Williams (Crwys) (1875-1968)
ETYMOLOGY: English border <
French bordure < border (= to be a border). Of Germanic
origin bord (= the side of a ship),
related to modern English board
Modern French border (= to border,
to edge), (trees) to line ‹the
road› , to plank (a ship); bordure (= border, fringe, kerb)
:_______________________________.
bord gron, PLURAL: bordydd
crynion ‹bord
GRON, BOR didh KRƏN yon› (feminine noun)
1 round table
2 discussion around a table
:_______________________________.
bore ‹bô-re› masculine noun
PLURAL boreau ‹bo-rê-e›
1 morning = the period from dawn to midday
Yn yr oriau mân fore’r ail o Fawrth
in the early hours of the morning of the second of March
y bore yma, y bore ’ma this morning
bore heddiw this morning
heddiw'r bore adverb this morning
2 bore da sentence substitute good morning
3 morning = beginning of the day, dawn
Yn oriau mân y bore in the early
hours of the morning
4 morning = the period of twelve hours from midnight to midday
5 morning = the hours of darkness after midnight
Wyddoch chi faint o'r gloch y daeth hi
adre neithiwr, neu'r bore ’ma y dylswn i ddweud? Tri o'r gloch
Do you know what time she came home last night, or this morning should I say?
Three o' clock
dau o'r gloch yn y bore two o' clock
in the morning
6 morning = the first part of the working day or school day, until
lunch time (at 12.00, 1.00, or 2.00) cael
bore rhydd have the morning off
7 morning = the first part of anything
bore eich oes one's childhood
(“(the) morning (of) one's life”)
ym more eich oes early on in one's
life
ym more amser at the dawn of time
8 Seren y Bore ‹sê-ren ə bô-re› . or Y Seren Fore
‹ə sê-ren vô-re› the morning star = the planet Venus
9 ben bore adverb = very early in the morning,
first thing in the morning
10 bore Gwener, bore dydd Gwener Friday morning
fore Gwener adverb on Friday morning, Friday morning
pob bore Gwener every Friday morning
(is a problem for me, etc)
bob bore Gwener adverb every Friday morning (I go to work an hour later, etc)
11
bore yfory, bore fory adverb tomorrow
morning
12 bore ddoe adverb yesterday morning
ddoe'r bore adverb yesterday morning
13 y bore cynt adverb the morning before
14 yn fore adverb early
yn fore fore adverb very early in the morning
15 yn y bore adverb in the morning
yn y bore bach adverb very early in the morning (“in the little morning”)
yn gynnar yn y bore adverb very early in the morning
y peth cynta yn y bore adverb first thing in the morning
16 o fore gwyn tan nos adverb from early morning till night
(“from white morning until night”)
18
qualifier bore, y bore = morning,
belonging to the morning, appearing in the morning
haul y bore the morning sun (“(the)
sun (of) the morning”)
cyfog bore = morning sickness
papur bore = morning newspaper,
morning paper - in contrast to those which come out in the late afternoon and
evening (papur gyda'r nos)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh bore < more < *more < British *mârig-
Cf yfory = tomorrow (ie the next
morning)
From the same British root: Cornish bore
(= morning), Breton beure (=
morning)
From the same Celtic root: Irish
amáireach (= tomorrow), Scottish a-màireach
(= tomorrow)
From the same Indo-European root:
..a/ Germanic - German: morgen
(= morning, tomorrow); English: tomorrow,
morning,
..b/ Sanskrit marîcih (= ray of
light)
:_______________________________.
boreddydd
‹bo- rê -dhidh› masculine noun
1 archaic dawn; morning.
Boreddydd, yr ugeinfed o Ebrill, 1840
On the morning of the twentieth of April, 1840
ETYMOLOGY: (bore = morning) + soft mutation + (dydd = day)
NOTE: Also boreuddydd (= borau + dydd)
:_______________________________.
bore ffŵl
Ebrill ‹bô-re fuul
e-brilh› masculine
noun
1 April Fool's Day morning, April First. A day when practical jokes
are played on other people. However they are only permissible in the morning;
any such joke after twelve noon brings bad luck to whoever is the perpetrator
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) morning (of) (the) April Fool” (bore = morning) + (ffwl
Ebrill = (the) fool (of) April)
:_______________________________.
boreuddydd
‹bo- rei -dhidh› masculine noun
1 archaic dawn; morning.
See boreddydd
ETYMOLOGY: (boreu < borau = morning)
+ soft mutation + (dydd = day)
:_______________________________.
borfa
‹BOR-va› (f)
1
soft-mutated form of porfa (= grass, pasture)
:_______________________________.
Y Borfa-wen
‹BOR-va WEN› (f)
1
farm SO1689 near Ceri, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=260478
ETYMOLOGY: “the white / the fair pasture” (y definite article) + soft mutation + (porfa = pasture) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white, fair, splendid)
:_______________________________.
bòs ‹bos› masculine
noun
PLURAL bosus
‹bo-siz›
1 boss, gaffer, chief
Fi yw’r bos I’m the boss!
Mae’r bòs am i mi weithio’n hwyr The
boss wants me to work late
ETYMOLOGY: Englandic (English of England) boss
< American English boss <
Dutch baas (= master)
:_______________________________.
botanydd, PLURAL: botanyddion
‹bo TA nidh, bo ta
NøDH yon› (masculine
noun)
1 botanist
:_______________________________.
Botegwel
‹bo- teg -wel› -
1 house name, ‘Fair Prospect’
2 In Llan-sain-siôr (county of Conwy) by Abergele there is a street
called in English Bodtegwel Terrace
(the Welsh name would be simply Botegwel)
Er na fedr hanner y Cymry ddim iawn
seinio’r j a’r ch Seisnig, a’r cyfuniadau Seisnig chst, g‹e› st, ths, a ct; etto hwy a dybian fod yr enwau a ’alwan
hwy yn Tsurts Street, Sou’ Street, a Fair Prospec’, yn barchusach eu golwg a'u
sŵn na'r enwau Cymreig Hewl yr Eglwys, Hewl y De, a Bottegwel.
Although half the Welsh can’t pronounce properly the English j and ch, and the
combinations chst, g‹e› st, ths, and ct, they believe that the names that they
pronounce Tsurts Street, Sou’ Street, and Fair Prospec’, are more respectable
to see and hear than the Welsh names Hewl yr Eglwys, Hewl y De, and Bottegwel (“Seisnigo
Enwau Cymréig” (Englishing Welsh Names) / Emrys ap Iwan / Y Geninen / Rhif 1 /
Ionawr, 1897 / Cyf. XV.)
ETYMOLOGY: Botegwel < Bod Degwel < (bod = house) + soft mutation + (tegwel fair appearance, fair view).
The combination d-d, where the second
d is a soft mutation of t, generally becomes t
:_______________________________.
botwm
‹bo -tum› masculine noun
PLURAL botymau
‹bo-tə-me›
1 button = small disk for fastening or decorating clothes
2
button = switch in the shape of a button operated by pressing down
ar wasgiad botwm
at the touch of a button
pwyso botymau'r teledu
press the buttons of the television
botwm larwm alarm button
3 counter in a boardgame
4 thing of minimal value
Tydi o fotwm o bwys gen i pwy enillith
I couldn't care less who wins this year (“it isn't a button of weight /
importance with me who will win”)
5
fel botwm (room) neat and tidy
(“like a button”)
ETYMOLOGY: English button < Old
French buton < boter (= to thrust); of Germanic
origin, related to the English words butt
(= strike with the head or horns); to
beat (= to hit)
:_______________________________.
botwm bol ‹bo tum BOL› (masculine noun)
1 belly button
:_______________________________.
Botwnnog ‹bo-TU-nog
›
1 (SH2631) village in Gwynedd
ETYMOLOGY: “church
(of) Tywynnog”
(bod = church) + soft mutation + (Tywynnog saint’s name) > Bod-dywynnog
> Botywynnog (d-d becomes t)
> Bot’wynnog (vowel lost between
two syllables in the pretonic syllable, resulting in a consonant cluster)
> Bot’w’nnog (diphtong wy in the tonic accent
reduced to simple vowel w – a feature which occurs in many words in
spoken Welsh, of which the most well-known example is probably gwybod (= to know) > gw’bod
The saint’s name Tywynnog ‹tə-wə-nog› is a
diminutive form of
Gwynnog
(ty
= thy, your) + soft mutation + (Gwynnog)
Gwynnog is (gwynn- < gwyn = white,
pure, holy) + (-og adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
bowl ‹boul › feminine noun
PLURAL bowliau, bowls ‹boul –ye, bouls›
1 bowl = wooden ball
y fowl = the bowl
2 ala fowliau bowling
alley, skittle alley
The modern expression for a bowling alley is alai fowlio (also as ala /
ale / ali fowlio)
In Dinbych there is a street called Parc
Alafowlia (Post Code LL16 3HZ)
(ala = alley) + soft mutation + (bowlia, a form of bowliau = bowls)
ETYMOLOGY: English bowl (= bowl)
< French boule (= bowl) <
Latin bulla (= bubble)
:_______________________________.
bowlin ‹bou -lin› masculine
noun
1 bowling, the game of bowls
Occurs at Tal-sarn, Ceredigion in a field name Cae Bowlin ( = bowling green, “field (of) bowling”)
(Cardiganshire Antiquarian Society 1936 / 11 / p61)
ETYMOLOGY: English bowling < to bowl;
English bowl < French boule (= bowl) < Latin bulla (= bubble)
:_______________________________.
bowlio ‹BOUL-yo› v
1 to bowl
llain fowlio (f)
lleiniau bowlio bowling green
ETYMOLOGY: (bowl = bowl) + (-io
verbal suffix)
·····
Ble'r wyf i? Yr ych chi'n ymwéld ag
un o dudalennau'r Gwefan "CYMRU-CATALONIA"
On sóc? Esteu visitant una pàgina of the Web "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (=
Galles-Catalunya)
Where am I? You are visiting a page from the "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (=
Wales-Catalonia) Website
Weər äm ai? Yüü äär víziting ə
peij fröm dhə "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (= Weilz-Katəlóuniə) Wébsait
CYMRU-CATALONIA
Adolygiadau diweddaraf - latest updates 2008-10-01
11 07
2002 :: 22 09 2002 :: 02 11 2002 ::24 12 2002 :: 25 01 2003 :: 25 02 2003 :: 23
03 2003 :: 29 06 2003 :: 222 07 2003 :: 01 08 2003 :: 2003-10-13 :: 2003-10-27
:: 2003-11-04 :: 2003-11-13 :: 2003-11-24 :: 2003-12-13 :: 2003-12-20 ::
2004-02-13 :: 2004-06-24 :: 2004-08-01 :: 2004-10-23
Edrychwch ar fy ystadegau / View My Stats