A Welsh to English Dictionary
in page format
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Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia
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(delw 3219) |
∆
1580e A | 1039e B | 1735e BR | 1018e C | 1071e CE | 1675e CI |
1040e
CR | 1075e
CY | 1020e D | 1674e DI | 1072e E | 1077e F |
1021e
G | 1042e GW |
1038e
H | 1676e
HY, I, J, K, | 1865e L | 1022e M | 1677e MI | 1047e N | 1600e O | 1023e P | 1073e PL |
1026e
R |
1070e
S | 1024e T | 1076e TR | 1025e U,V | 1731e W, X | 1586e Y, Z |
brâc <BRAAK> [brɑːk]
PLURAL braciau,
brâcs <BRAK-yai, -ye, BRAAKS> [ˡbrakjaɪ, -jɛ,
brɑːks]
1
brake
rhoi’r brâc put on the brake
gollwng y brâc release the brake
ETYMOLOGY: English brake 1700+ <
Dutch. Related to English break
(= fracture)
:_______________________________.
Brăcla <BRAK-la> [ˡbrakla]
1 locality in Pen-y-bont ar Ōgwr (SS9279) 11% Welsh-speakers (2001)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS9279
map
:_______________________________.
bracty <BRAK-ti> [ˡbraktɪ] masculine
noun
PLURAL bractai <BRAK-tai> [ˡbraktaɪ]
1 malthouse, malting
2
brewery = place for making beer
3
brewery = brewery company
4
Y Bracty
street name in Bryncethin
(county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
Heol y
Bracty (or less correctly Heol y Bragdy) street in Caerfyrddin /
Carmarthen (in English, “Brewery Road”)
ETYMOLOGY: (brag- stem of bragu = to malt, to brew) + soft
mutation + (ty
= house) > brág-dy > bracty
NOTE: Also bragdy
:_______________________________.
brad <BRAAD> [braːd] masculine noun
PLURAL bradau
<BRAA-dai, -de> [ˡbraˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 treachery, treason
uchel frad high treason
2
act of treachery
gweithred o frad act of treachery
3 Pant y Brad “treason
hollow”, geographical feature in Tonyrefail (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(pant = hollow) + (y = definite article) + (brad = treason)
This same name as a street name in Tonyrefail (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf):
Pant-y-brad (the elements of
settlement names are written together as a single word)
(though misspelt in the official form as “Pantybrad”)
See the chapter “Pant y Brad” on page 69 of Hanes Tonyrefail (The History of
Tonyrefail) / Thomas Morgan (Caer-dydd 1899) / at http://www.kimkat.org/catalunyacymru/catala/sion_prys_013_hanes_tonyrefail_01e_1288.htm
or
http://www.kimkat.org/catalunyacymru/catala/sion_prys_013_hanes_tonyrefail_01e.htm
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *brat-
< Celtic *mrat-
From the same British root: Cornish braz
(= plot, trap, pitfall, ambush), Breton barad
(= treason)
Irlandès: brath (= betrayal, spying;
perception, feeling)
:_______________________________.
bradu
<BRAA-di> [ˡbraˑdɪ] verb
1 waste
bradu arian waste money
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh bradu < ’fradu < afradu
This is (afrad = misfortune) + (-u = suffix).
The word afrad is af rad (af- = negative prefix) + soft mutation + (rhad = grace).
1) The falling away of a pretonic first syllable is common in Welsh - afradu > ’fradu.
Compare Nadolig > ’Dolig (= Christmas), esgidiau > sgidie (= shoes)
2) The initial f [v] of ’fradu
has been misunderstood as being the soft mutation of [b] . This has resulted in a new radical form bradu
The exact same sequence is to be seen in northern Welsh blêr < ’flêr < aflêr (= untidy).
NOTE: South-east Wales The form here
is bratu (BRAA-ti) [ˡbraˑtɪ]
The change d > t at the beginning of the final
syllable is typical of this dialect
:_______________________________.
bradwr
<BRAA-dur> [ˡbraˑdʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL bradwyr <BRAD-wir> [ˡbradwɪr]
1 traitor; North Wales traitor; rat, ratter, snitch, betrayer
carn-fradwr carn fradwr arrant traitor
troi'n fradwr turn traitor
troi'n fradwr i (rywun)
turn traitor (on somebody), rat (on somebody), betray (somebody)
2
North Wales scab, blackleg,
strikebreaker; person who works when his fellow workers are on strike
ETYMOLOGY: (brad-, stem of bradu = betray) + (-u suffix)
:_______________________________.
bradwriaeth
<bra-DUR-yaith, -yeth> [braˡdʊrjaiɵ, -jɛɵ] feminine noun
1 treason, treachery
ETYMOLOGY: (bradwr = traitor) + (-i-aeth suffix)
:_______________________________.
bradwrus (bra-DUU-ris) [braˡduˑrɪs] adjective
1 treacherous
ETYMOLOGY: (bradwr = traitor) + (-us suffix)
:_______________________________.
bradychu
<bra-DƏ-khi>
[braˡdəxɪ] verb
1 betray
Byffŵn o Gymro a fradychodd ei
famwlad A Welsh buffon who betrayed his mother country
bradychu’r achos betray the cause
2
betray, give away = reveal, inadvertently reveal
ein gwefusau cochliw yn bradychu'r
ffaith ein bod wedi bwyta llus
our red lips betraying the fact that we had eaten bilberries
3
North Wales scab (on one's fellow
workers)
bradychu ei gyd-chwarelwyr scab on his fellow quarrymen
ETYMOLOGY: bradychu < bredychu (brad = treachery) + (-ychu).
The vowel y caused the change a > e.
The modern form however has a owing
to the influence of brad (=
treachery), bradwr (= traitor)
:_______________________________.
braen <BRAIN> [braɪn] verb (adjective)
1 putrid, rotten
2
ceulfran curds; cottage cheese
ceul fraen (ceul- = penult form of caul
= curds) + soft mutation + ( braen =
rotten, putrid)
This is a word from South-west Wales, though in fact it has the form colfran < coulfraen
In older Welsh eu was ou, and this has been maintained in the south, though in the rest of teh
country penult ou > eu,
non-penult ou > eu > au.
:_______________________________.
braenar <BRƏI-nar> [ˡbrəinar] masculine noun
PLURAL braenarau (brəi-NAA-re) [ˡbrəinaˑrɛ]
1 fallow land = land
ploughed and left unsown in order to kill weeds
bod yn fraenar lie fallow
Mae’r tir yn fraenar eleni
2 cattle disease which causes them to
eat unusual objects, substances - soil, stones, drying clothes
3 unnatural hunger
Roedd y ddau fachgen wedi bwyta fel petai branar arnyn nhw
The two boys ate as if there was “an unnatural hunger on them”
ETYMOLOGY: The element braen may be related to bryn (= hill), and bron (= breast, hill).
But according to Joan Coramines (ZCP 25
1956 p49) “braenar, a
fallow field, coming from an older BRAKNA-RO < BRAKNO 'rotten', which comes
in turn from the IE root MRK- 'mire','humid thing'... braña, already
attested in the 8th century and usual in Galicia, Northern Portugal, Asturias
and Santander, means 'a swampy or boggy place, a humid meadow'. It reappears in
Northwestern Catalonia in the form 'braina' meaning 'a field of cereals whose
ears have not yet formed’... It is clear that 'braña' comes... from a Celtic
BRAKNA 'humid meadow' ”
In other Celtic languages: Breton: breinar (= fallow land), Irish: branar
(= fallow land)
NOTE: A variant of braenar is branar [brâ-nar] . It occurs in the place name Mynydd Branar (“highland of the fallow”), near Dolwen,
Baecolwyn
(county of Conwy)
:_______________________________.
braenaru <brəi-NAA-ri> [ˡbrəɪnaˑrɪ] verb
1 leave (land) fallow
2 braenaru'r tir ar gyfer pave the way for (“leave the land
fallow for”)
ETYMOLOGY: (braenar = fallow land ) + (-u suffix for forming
verbs)
:_______________________________.
braf ‹BRAAV›
[braːv] (adjective)
1 splendid
2 (weather) fine, sunny
3 cael lle braf get a cushy job (“get a fine place”)
A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady: to which is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837: “BRAVE, adj. insignia, egregius, eminently fine ; said also of a person in good health.”
:_______________________________.
brag ‹BRAAG› [braːg] masculine noun
PLURAL bragau <BRAA-gai,
-ge> [ˡbraˑgaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 malt = grain made ready for brewing
bracty
malthouse, place to germinate grains; brewery
brag gwenith malt made from wheat
grain
bragwr (qv) maltster, brewer
bregyn
a grain of malt
cerwyn
frag / cerwyni brag mash tub / mash
tubs
cwrw brag barley-malt beer
gwneud brag to malt (vi)
odyn
frag malt kiln
troi’n frag (seeds) to malt
2 brag gwlyb mash = mixture of mashed malt grains and
hot water from which malt is extracted mwydo brag to liquor malt
trwytho
brag to liquor malt
3 dŵr brag liquid
from mash
4 clwyd
frag = hurdle for drying malt on
5 finegr brag = malt
vinegar
llaeth â brag malted milk
torth frag / torthau brag malt loaf
/ malt loaves
wisgi brag = malt whisky
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh brag < British
< Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish brag
(= malt)
From the same Celtic root: Irish braich (=
malt)
Cf Latin marcor (= putrefaction)
:_______________________________.
bragu <BRAA-gi>
[ˡbraˑgɪ] verb
1 brew
2 malt = produce malt
ETYMOLOGY: (brag = malt) + (-wr suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
bragwr <BRAA-gur> [ˡbraˑgʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL bragwyr <BRA-gwir} [ˡbragwɪr]
1
brewer
2 y bragwyr the brewers, the brewery companies
ETYMOLOGY: (brag = malt) + (-wr agent suffix)
:_______________________________.
braich <BRAIKH> [braɪx]
PLURAL: breichiau <BRƏIKH
yai, -ye> [ˡbrəɪxjai,
-jɛ] (feminine noun)
1 arm
y fraich = the arm
2
fraich ym mraich <vraikh ə MRAIKH> [vraɪxəˡmraɪx] (adverb) arm in arm
3
nerth braich ac ysgwydd <nerth BRAIKH ag
Ə-skuidh> [nɛrθ ˡbraɪx ag
ˡəskʊɪð] (adverb) with all one's might “(the) strength
(of) arm and shoulder”
4
(South Wales) naill fraich =
one-armed
5 unfraich one-armed
un fraich (un = un) +
soft mutation + ( braich = arm)
:_______________________________.
Braid <BRAID> [braɪd] (feminine noun)
1 woman saint
2 Llansanffráid <lhan-san-FRAID> [ɬansanˡfraɪd] (place names - church of saint Braid)
:_______________________________.
braidd
<BRAIDH> [braɪð] adverb
1 hardly, scarcely
braidd byth
hardly ever
2
almost, nearly
braidd neb almost nobody (qv)
braidd dim almost nothing (qv)
3 rather, somewhat, kind of; braidd
yn + adjective
with bod –
Ma hi braidd yn oer allan heddiw
It’s fairly cold out today
Mae’n ymddangos braidd yn anhygoel
It seems hard to believe
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh braidd <
British; the equivalent word in Breton is bre
(= pain, difficulty, effort)
braidd yn hwyr
<braidh
ən HUIR> [braɪð ən ˡhʊɪr] (adverb) rather late
(b) also after an adjective: oer braidd
fairly cold
3 o'r braidd hardly,
scarcely, barely
O’r braidd ’mod i’n eich nabod I
hardly know you
O’r braidd rw i’n eich nabod I
hardly know you
O’r braidd y medr hi ddarllen She’s
scarcely able to read, she can hardly read
O’r braidd ’mod i’n meddwl am un dim
arall I hardly think of anything else
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh braidd <
British.
The equivalent word in Breton is bre
(= pain, difficulty, effort) < *brez
:_______________________________.
braidd ddim
<braidh DHIM> [braɪð
ˡðɪm] pronom
1 hardly anything, hardly any
Does gen i braidd ddim ar ôl I’ve
got hardly any left
ETYMOLOGY: (braidd = hardly,
scarcely; almost, nearly) + (dim =
anything, nothing)
:_______________________________.
braidd
neb <braidh
NEEB> [braɪð
ˡneːb] pronom
1 hardly anyone
Ddaeth braidd neb hardly anybody
came
Fu yno braidd neb ddoe there was
hardly anybody there yesterday
ETYMOLOGY: (braidd = hardly,
scarcely; almost, nearly) + (neb =
somebody, nobody)
:_______________________________.
brain <BRAIN> [braɪn] (npl)
1 crows; see brân
:_______________________________.
braint, PLURAL: breintiau <BRAINT, BREINT-yai, -ye> [braɪnt,
ˡbrəɪntjaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 privilege
y fraint = the privilege
2 hawlio braint claim a
privilege
:_______________________________.
bran <BRAN> [bran] (masculine noun)
1 bran
:_______________________________.
brân, PLURAL: brain <BRAAN, BRAIN> [brɑːn,braɪn] (feminine noun)
1 crow
y frân = the crow
2 traed brain crows’
feet
Mae ganddo ysgrifen fel traed brain His writing is a scrawl (“he has
handwriting like crows’ feet”)
4 Tinddu medd y frân wrth y wylan the pot calling
the kettle black (“black-arse said the crow to the seagull”)
5 Gwyn y gwêl y frân ei chyw
“(it is) white that the crow sees her chick”
Mothers can never believe that their offspring may be
less than honourable and angelic; a mother believes her child can do no wrong
:_______________________________.
brandy <BRAN-di> [ˡbrandɪ] masculine
noun
1 Epenthetic form of ebrandy (= place where fodder is kept )
2 There is a street name Brandy in Johnstown, county of Wrecsam. Query: Is
this ebrandy?
:_______________________________.
brân dyddyn,
PLURAL: brain tyddyn <braan-DƏ-dhin, brain-TƏ-dhin> [brɑːn
ˡdəðɪn, braɪn ˡtəðɪn] (feminine noun)
1 carrion crow (“smallholding crow”)
:_______________________________.
brân goesgoch, PLURAL: brain coesgoch <braan GOIS-kokh, brain-KOIS-kokh> [brɑːn
ˡgɔɪskɔx, braɪn ˡkɔɪskɔx] (feminine noun)
1 chough (“redlegged crow”)
:_______________________________.
Branwen <BRAN-wen> [ˡbranwɛn] (feminine
noun)
1 woman's name
2 second of the stories of the Mabinogi
:_______________________________.
..1 bras
<BRAAS> [brɑːs] adjective
PLURAL breision
<BREIS-yon> [ˡbrəɪsjɔn]
1 (land) fertile, lush, fat
gwlad fras fertile country
Gwelem yr afon fawr yn dirwyn drwy y dyffryn bras
We could see the big river meandering through the lush valley
2 (grassland) lush = luxuriant, abundant
symud i feysydd brasach move on to more profitable areas
porféydd
breision rich pastures, lush pastures, abundant grassland; figurative
meaning - wealthy situation
3 (salary) fat, big, plentiful
Enillent gyflogau breision o'r BBC
They were earning fat salaries from the BBC
4 replete, full
(Apocrypha) Ecclesiasticus 35:6 Y mae offrwm y duwiol yn gwneuthur yr allor
yn fras, a'i arogl peraidd ef sy gerbron y Goruchaf.
(Apocrypha) Ecclesiasticus 35:6 The
offering of the righteous maketh the altar fat, and the sweet savour thereof is
before the most High.
bras o replete with, full of
I ffwrdd â ni drwy ddyffryn prydferth
Conwy - dyffryn
bras o hanes ein gwlad
Off we went through the beautiful valley of the Conwy - a valley replete with the
history of our country
5 bras amcan a rough
estimate, an approximation
ar fras amcan at a rough estimate,
at a rough guess
Bydd
cost y daith, ar fras amcan, rywle rhwng £800 a £1,000 (wyth gant o bunnau a mil o bunnau)
The price of the trip will be, at a rough guess, between £800 and £1,000
mesuriadau breision / mesuriadau bras rough dimensions, rough
measurements
braslun rough sketch, draft
syniad bras a rough idea, a
crude idea, an approximate idea, a broad idea
cyfieithiad bras rough translation
6 (crop) fat
Tes Gorffennaf, ydau brasaf (saying)
heat of July, fat cereal crops
7 (harvest) fat, abundant
cael cynhaeaf bras reap a rich
harvest (also figurative: make oneself rich from some activity)
8 byd
bras comfortable life
cael byd
bras lead a comfortable life
9 South-west Wales
(people) snooty, haughty, person full of his / her own importance
Mae e’n un bras He’s full of his own
importance
Mae hi’n un fras She’s full of her
own importance
10 North Wales coarse,
vulgar, rank
siarad yn fras talk in a vulgar
manner, speak coarsely, use bad language
geirfa fras coarse vocabulary
siarad bras use of vulgar
expressions
iaith fras coarse language, rude language, swearing
11 rough, broad, non-detailed, general, non-specific
disgrifiad bras rough description
12 yn fras superficially,
in broad outline, in rough detail
Wel dyna hi'r stori'n fras am hen
chwarel y pentra
Well that's the story in rough detail about the old village quarry
13 (powder, flour, gravel, etc) coarse = in larger particles than is
usual, not fine
blawd gwenith wedi ei falu'n fras
wheat flour coarsely milled
tywodyn
bras grain of gravel
graean bras shingle
14 (cloth) coarse, rough = not fine
brethyn
bras coarse cloth
barclod bras apron made of coarse
cloth
15 (wool, brush, etc) coarse = not fine
gwlân bras = coarse wool
brwsh bras = coarse brush
baco bras coarse tobacco
pren bras ei raen coarse-grained
wood
edau fras coarse thread
16 Fishing pysgodyn
bras coarse fish, freshwater fish which is not a member of the salmon
family; pysgota bras coarse fishing
17 obsolete (person,
animal) stout, fat;
Found in epithets in medieval Welsh: Adda
Fras Stout Adam
Eseia 11:6 a'r blaidd a drig gyda'r oen,
a'r llewpart a orwedd gyda'r myn; y llo hefyd, a chenau y llew, a'r anifail bras, fyddant
ynghyd, a bachgen bychan a'u harwain
Isaiah 11:6 The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall
lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling
together; and a little child shall lead them.
Dafydd
Fras Fat David (modern Welsh would be Dafydd Dew)
18 gogor bras coarse
sieve = sieve with large holes
19 glo bras large coal,
coal in big lumps
20 (meat) fatty, having a lot of fat, not lean
cig bras fatty meat
asen fras rib with a lot of fat
ffrio sleisen o gig moch gwyn a bras to fry a slice of white fatty pork
21 (North Wales) (sea) rough
22 map bras sketch map,
rough map, simplified map
23 as a plural noun (breision)
= fattened animals
Salmau 66:15 Offrymaf i ti boethoffrymau
breision, ynghŷd ag arogl-darth hyrddod; aberthaf ychen a bychod. Sela.
Psalms 66:15 I will offer unto thee burnt sacrifices of fatlings, with the
incense of rams; I will offer bullocks with goats. Selah.
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
from the same British root: Cornish bras
(= big), Breton bras (= big);
Irish bras (a literary word; =
great, strong; swift) . The Celtic word was related to
Latin grossus (= big)
NOTE: breision (plural form): (bras) + (plural suffix -ion, which causes affection of the
preceding vowel a > ei
:_______________________________.
..2 bras <braas> [brɑːs] (masculine noun)
1 (bird) bunting
bras penddu (Emberiza melanocephela) black-headed bunting
:_______________________________.
brasgamu <bras-KA-mi> [brasˡkamɪ] (verb)
1 stride
:_______________________________.
braslun
<BRAS-lin> [ˡbraslɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL brasluniau
<bras-LIN-yai, -ye> [brasˡlɪnjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 outline, sketch, draft,
rough plan
2 braslun gyrfa (“sketch (of) career) curriculum vitae, CV
ETYMOLOGY: (bras = rough, general,
not detailed) + soft mutation + (llun
= picture)
:_______________________________.
brat, PLURAL: bratiau <BRAT, BRAT-yai, -ye> [ˡbrat, ˡbratjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 apron
:_______________________________.
brath, PLURAL: brathau <BRAATH, BRAA-thai, -e> [ˡbrɑːθ,
ˡbrɑˑθaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 bite
2 gwaeth
eich cyfarth na’ch brath your bark
is worse than your bite; a person’s angry words are worse than any action he
may do, a person can be very angry but he won’t really carry out any threats he
makes
(she) gwaeth ei chyfarth na’i brath
(he) gwaeth ei gyfarth na’i frath
(gwaeth = worse) + (eich = your) + (cyfarth = bark) + (na
= than) + (eich) + (brath = bite)
:_______________________________.
brathu <BRAA-thi> [ˡbrɑˑθɪ] (verb)
1 to bite
2 Cas gan gath y ci a’i bratho Once bitten twice shy
(“(it is) hateful with a cat the dog which may bite it”)
:_______________________________.
brau <BRAI> [braɪ] (adjective)
1 brittle
2 helygen frau
(helyg brau) (Salix fragilis var fragilis)
crack willow or brittle willow
:_______________________________.
braw <BRAU> [braʊ] (masculine noun)
1 shock, fright
Daeth
arnynt fraw disymwyth A sudden
fright took them (“it-came on them a-fright sudden”).
:_______________________________.
brawd, PLURAL: brodyr <BRAUD, BROO-dir> [braʊd,
ˡbroˑdɪr] (masculine noun)
1 brother
2
Frodyr!
Brothers! soft mutation of brodyr; This mutation indicates a vocative use
Philipiaid 4:8 Yn ddiwethaf, frodyr, pa bethau bynnag sydd wir, pa bethau bynnag
sydd onest, pa bethau bynnag sydd gyfiawn, pa bethau bynnag sydd bur, pa bethau
bynnag sydd hawddgar, pa bethau bynnag sydd ganmoladwy, od oes un rhinwedd, ac
od oes dim clod, meddyliwch am y pethau hyn.
Philippians 4:8 Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true,
whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are
pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if
there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things.
:_______________________________.
brawd, PLURAL: brodiau <BRAUD, BROD-yai, -ye> [ˡbraʊd, ˡbrɔdjaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1
(obsolete) judgement, verdict
2
cymrodedd compromise, agreement
cymrodedd < *cymrawdedd < *cymfrawdedd
(cym- = together) + soft mutation +
(brawd = judgement, verdict) + (-edd suffix for forming abstract nouns)
3
difrod (obsolete) neglect of law,
contempt of law; (modern Welsh) damage, destruction difrod < difrawd (di- prefix = without) + soft mutation +
( brawd = judgement)
:_______________________________.
bratiaith ‹BRAT-yaith› [ˡbratjaɪθ] feminine
noun
1 debased language; shoddy
Welsh
y fratiaith = the debased language
ETYMOLOGY: “language (of) rag(s)”, i.e. “tattered language” (brat = rag)
+ (-iaith = language). Expression from the nineteenth century
:_______________________________.
bratiog <BRAT-YOG> [ˡbratjɔg] adjective
1 tattered, raggèd, scrappy, shoddy
2 imperfect, broken
mewn Cymraeg bratiog in broken Welsh
Roedd yn gallu siarad tipyn o Saesneg bratiog He could speak a bit of broken English
ETYMOLOGY: (brat = rag) + (-iog, suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
brawddeg, PLURAL: brawddegau <BRAU-dheg, brau-DHEE-ge> [ˡbraʊðɛg,
braʊˡðeˑgaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 sentence
y frawddeg = the sentence
:_______________________________.
brawychiaeth
<brau-ƏKH-yaith,
-yeth> [braʊˡəxjaɪθ,
-ɛθ] f
1
terrorism
gwrthfrawychiaeth antiterrorism
ETYMOLOGY: (brawych- stem of brawychu = terrorise) + (-i-aeth suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
brawychu
<brau-Ə-khi> [braʊˡəxɪ]
(verb with an object)
1
frighten, terrify
2
terrorise
ETYMOLOGY: (braw = fright, terror) +
(-ychu suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
Brdd.
1 abbreviation = Barddoniaeth
(= poetry)
:_______________________________.
bre <BREE> [breː] (masculine noun)
1 hill, promontory
2 Heulfre (House name or
street name) sunny hill
(heul, tonic syllable form of haul) + soft mutation + (bre = hill)
(There is also an incorrect form Haulfre)
:_______________________________.
..1 brech <BREEKH> [breːx] adjective
1 feminine form brych (= speckled, spotted).
Usually found as frech
tylluan frech (Strix aluco) tawny owl
(There is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a
feminine noun)
:_______________________________.
..2 brech, PLURAL: brechau <BREEKH, BREE-khai, -khe> [ˡbreːx,
ˡbreˑxaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 pox
y frech = the pox
2 brech goch <breekh GOOKH> [breːx ˡgoːx] y
frech goch = measles (“red pox”)
3 brech y cŵn <breekh ə KUUN> [breːx ə ˡkuːn] the mange (“pox of the dogs”)
:_______________________________.
brechdan <BREKH-dan> [ˡbrɛxdan] feminine noun
PLURAL brechdanau
<brekh-DAA-nai, -ne> [brɛxˡdɑˑnaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 slice of bread and butter, (Northern England: butty) (Scotland:
piece)
y frechdan = the slice of bread and
butter
2 sandwich = two slices of bread spread with butter or margarine
with a filling (eg jam, cheese, meat paste, lettuce and tomato, pickle, etc)
3 sandwich defined by its contents:
brechdan doddion bread and dripping
(“sandwich (of) dripping”)
brechdan fawd slice of bread with
butter spread on it with the thumb (“sandwich (of) thumb”)
brechdan gaws cheese sandwich
brechdan gig meat sandwich
brechdan jam bread and jam (bread
and butter with jam)
brechdan linsi two slices of
different bread (made of different grains) put together to make a sandwich
(“sandwich (of) linsey, linen warp with a wool or cotton filling ”)
brechdan surep syrup sandwich
brechdan wen buttered slice of white
bread
2 (North
Wales) brechdan o ddyn coward,
spineless man, softie (“a sandwich / piece of bread an butter of a man”)
(North Wales) hen frechdan coward,
person who won’t say boo to a goose
(North Wales) rhyw frechdan o beth
coward
Mae o am ddangos ma fo ydi'r mistar yn
lle bod yn rhyw frechdan o beth fel Mr. Wyn, na feiddia fo ddangos i winadd i
neb."
He wants to show that HE’s boss instead of being a spineless old thing like
Mr. Wyn, who wouldn’t challenge anybody (“show his claws to anybody”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < Old
Irish brechtán (= bread with butter)
NOTE: also (North Wales) bechdan,
Ceredigon: bachdan, brachdan
:_______________________________.
brechdan agored <BREKH-dan a-GOO-red> [ˡbrɛxdan
aˡgoˑrɛd] (feminine noun)
1 open sandwich
:_______________________________.
brechdan gig <BREKH-dan GIIG> [ˡbrɛxdanˡ giːg] (feminine noun)
1 meat sandwich
:_______________________________.
brechiad, PLURAL: brechiadau <BREKH-yad, brekh-YAA-dai, -de> [ˡbrɛxjad,brɛxˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1 immunisation jab, inoculation
:_______________________________.
brechlyn <BREKH-lin> [ˡbrɛxlɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL brechlynnau
<brekh-LƏ-ne> [brɛxˡlənaɪ,
-ɛ] 1
vaccine
brechlyn
geneuol oral vaccine
brechlyn
i’w lyncu oral vaccine (“for its swallowing”, to be swallowed)
brechlyn
trwy’r geg oral vaccine (“through
the mouth”)
brechlyn
triphlyg triple vaccine
ETYMOLOGY: (brech = pox, smallpox )
+ soft mutation + ( llyn = liquid)
:_______________________________.
brechu <BREE-khi> [ˡbreˑxɪ] (verb)
1 inoculate, vaccinate
brechu rhàg difftheria inoculate against diptheria
:_______________________________.
brecwast
<BREC-wast> [ˡbrɛcwast] masculine
noun
PLURAL <brek-WA-stai,
e> [brɛkˡwastaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 breakfast
2 brecwast Ffrengig
continental breakfast (“French breakfast”)
3 gwely a brecwast bed and breakfast
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh brecwast is from
English breakfast
“occasion of breaking one’s overnight fast”
(to break) + (fast = time without food).
It is from an English dialect form breakvast / brekvast > Welsh *brecfast <BREK-vast> [ˡbrɛkvast] > brecwast (<w> [v] replaces <v> [v], a change seen to occur in other words in Welsh – efallai, ’fallai (= perhaps) > south-eastern walla, wylla
..a/ Observations on some of the dialects in the West of England particularly with a glossary of words now in use there ; and poems and other pieces, exemplifying the dialect. by James Jennings, Honorary Secretary of the Metropolitan Library Institution, London.
London, 1825.
“The words nouth, knoweth ;
zin, sun ; vrast, frost ; die, day ; Zalhardie, Saturday ; Zindei, Sunday, and
a few others, indicate an origin West of the Parret. There are, however, many
words which with a trifling alteration in the orthography, would suit, at the
present time, the north-eastern portion of the county ; such are blauther,
bladder, brekvast,
breakfast; crwest, crust; smill, smell;”
..b/ Duplicity; Comedy, in five Acts. As performed at the Theatre-Royal, Covent-Garden. T. Thomas Holcroft. (1811. Edinburgh. A collection of Successful Modern Plays, as acted at the Theatres Royal, London. Printed from the prompt books under the authority of the managers. Selected by Mrs. Inchbald. In ten volumes. Vol. iv.).
(Squire Turnbull and his daughter speak in a south-western English manner, probably Somerset)
Sq[uire
Turnbull]. How does thee like London ?
Miss Turn[bull]. I knaw not It do zeem a strange place.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. A strange place!
Miss Turn[bull]. Ees—I do think it be.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. Thee dost?
Miss Turn[bull]. Ees.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. An' zo do I—whereby, dost zee, I'll get out n't as
vast as I can—a pretty chace, as the man zaid that rode vifty miles a'ter a
wild goose.—London ! —an' this be London, the devil take London—Come, pack up
thy ribbands an' vlappets, an' make thyzel ready.
Miss Turn[bull]. Neea, zure—you wun't go zo zoon.
Sq[uire
Turnbull]. Wun't I ?—an' I stay in this town to-night, I'll eat it vor breakvast
tomorrow.
:_______________________________.
brefu <BREE-vi> [ˡbreˑvɪ] (verb)
1 (cow) to low, to moo
2 (goat) to bleat
See the place
name Llanddewi Brefi
:_______________________________.
breichiau <BREIKH-yai, -ye> [ˡbrəɪxjaɪ, -ɛ] (pl)
1 arms; see braich
:_______________________________.
breichled, PLURAL: breichledau <BREIKH-led, breikh-LEE-dai, -de> [ˡbrəɪxlɛd,
brəɪxˡleˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 bracelet
y freichled = the bracelet
breichled jad jade bracelet
:_______________________________.
Breiddin <BREI-dhin> [ˡbrəɪðɪn] (feminine noun)
1 mountain in north-east Wales
:_______________________________.
breinlen
<BREIN-len> [ˡbrəɪnlɛn] feminine
noun
PLURAL breinlenni
<brein-LE-ni> [brəɪnˡlɛnɪ]
1 charter = a document issued by the state for the incorporation of
a business (such as a bank), a city, a university, etc and which specifies its
characteristics, its purpose, and its rights
y freinlen = the charter
2 charter = fundamental principles of an organisation
Breinlen y Cenhedloedd Unedig The
United Nations Charter
3 Y Freinlen Fawr Magna
Carta - the 'great charter' that the English barons obliged King John of
England to sign in 1215 at Runnymede setting out the rights of barons, the
church, and freemen
breinlen fawr magna carta = any law
establishing fundamental rights
4 gazette
Y Freinlen Gymroaidd (“The Cambrian
Gazette”) name of a paper printed in Aberystwyth in 1836
ETYMOLOGY: (brein- stem of breinio = to grant a privilege) + soft
mutation + (llen = cloth, document)
:_______________________________.
breinryddid
<brein-RƏ-dhid> [brəɪnˡrəðɪd] masculine
noun
1 immunity = a privilege which grants immunity to a person
breinryddid diplomyddol diplomatic
immunity
ETYMOLOGY: (brein- stem of breinio = to grant a privilege) + soft
mutation + (rhyddid = freedom,
liberty)
:_______________________________.
breintiedig
<brein-ti-EE-dig> [brəɪntɪˡeˑdɪg] adjective
1 privileged
lleiafrif bach breintiedig a small
privileged minority
ETYMOLOGY: (breint-i- = stem of breintio = to favour) + (-edig past participle suffix, passive)
:_______________________________.
breision
<BREI-shon> [ˡbrəɪʃɔn] adjective
1 plural form of bras (=
abundant, fat)
2 as a plural noun, = fattened animals
Salmau 66:15 Offrymaf i ti boethoffrymau
breision, ynghyd ag arogl-darth hyrddod; aberthaf ychen a bychod. Sela.
Psalms 66:15 I will offer unto thee burnt sacrifices of fatlings, with the
incense of rams; I will offer bullocks with goats. Selah.
ETYMOLOGY: (bras = abundant, fat) +
(plural suffix -ion, which causes
affection of the preceding vowel a
> ei
:_______________________________.
brenhinbren
<bren-HIN-bren> [brɛnˡhɪnbrɛn] masculine
noun
PLURAL breninbrennau
<bre-nin-BRE-nai, -e> [brɛnɪnˡbrɛnaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 “king-tree, the tree which is king”
brenhinbren y goedwig the king of
the forest, the tree which is king of the forest, the oak
ETYMOLOGY: (brenhin- penult form of brenin = king) + soft mutation + (pren= tree)
:_______________________________.
brenhindy <bren-HIN-di> [brɛnˡhɪndɪ] masculine
noun
PLURAL brenhindai
<bren-HIN-dai> [brɛnˡhɪndaɪ]
1 royal house, palace
Daniel 4:30 Llefarodd y brenin, a
dywedodd, Onid hon yw Babilon fawr, yr hon a adeiledais i yn frenhindy yng
nghryfder fy nerth, ac er gogoniant fy mawrhydi?
Daniel 4:30 The king spake, and said, Is not this great Babylon, that I have
built for the house of the kingdom by the might of my power, and for the honour
of my majesty?
ETYMOLOGY: (brenhin- penult form of brenin = king) + soft mutation + (tŷ = house)
:_______________________________.
brenhines, PLURAL: breninesau ‹bre
NHI nes, bre ni NE se› (feminine noun)
1 queen
y frenhines = the queen
:_______________________________.
brenhinllys ‹bre-nhin-lhis› feminine
noun
1 (Bible) palace
Daniel 8:2 Gwelais hefyd mewn
gweledigaeth, (a bu pan welais, mai yn Susan y brenhinllys, yr hwn sydd o fewn
talaith Elam, yr oeddwn i,) ie, gwelais mewn gweledigaeth, ac yr oeddwn i wrth
afon Ulai.
Daniel 8:2 And I saw in a vision; and it came to pass, when I saw, that I was
at Shushan in the palace, which is in the province of Elam; and I saw in a
vision, and I was by the river of Ulai.
ETYMOLOGY: (brenhin- penultform of brenin = king) + soft mutaiton + (llys =
court) > *brenhín-lys > brenhinllys
:_______________________________.
brenhinol ‹bre
NHI nol› (adjective)
1 royal
2
llynges frenhinol royal navy
:_______________________________.
brenin, PLURAL: brenhinoedd ‹BRE nin, bre NHI
nodh› (masculine noun)
1 king
2 brenin yr anifeiliaid the
king of beasts, the king of the animals, the lion
:_______________________________.
breniniaethwr
‹bre-nin- yei -thur› m masculine noun
PLURAL breniniaethwyr ‹bre-nin- yeith -wir›
1 royalist = supporter of the monarchy as a political system
ETYMOLOGY: (breniniaeth-, < brenhiniaeth = monarchy) + (-wr suffix = 'man')
:_______________________________.
brest, PLURAL: brestiau ‹BREST, BREST ye›
(feminine noun)
1 breast
y frest = the breast
:_______________________________.
bresychen, PLURAL: bresych
‹bre SƏ khen, BRE sikh› (feminine
noun)
1 cabbage
y fresychen = the cabbage
:_______________________________.
brethyn
‹BRE thin› (masculine noun)
1 cloth
:_______________________________.
brethyn
cartref ‹bre thin KAR tre›
(masculine noun)
1 homespun cloth
:_______________________________.
breuddwyd,
PLURAL: breuddwydion <BREI-dhuid, brei-DHUID-yon> [ˡbrəɪðʊɪd,
brəɪˡðʊɪdjɔn] (feminine noun)
1 dream
y freuddwyd
the dream
:_______________________________.
breuddwyd
gwrach <brei-dhuid
GWRAAKH> [brəɪðʊɪd ˡgwrɑːx] (feminine noun)
1 wishful thinking ('dream of a witch')
From the fuller phrase
breuddwyd
gwrach yn ôl ei hewyllwys wishful thinking “(the) dream (of) (a)
witch according-to her will”
Ai breuddwyd gwrach neu nod realistig yw hyn? Is this wishful thinking or
a realistic goal?
:_______________________________.
Breuddwyd
Macsen Wledig <BREI-dhuid MAK-sen WLEE-dig> [ˡbrəɪðʊɪd
ˡmaksɛn ˡwleˑdɪg] (masculine noun)
1 The Dream of Macsen Wledig (from the Tales of the Mabinogi)
:_______________________________.
Breuddwyd
Rhonabwy <BREI-dhuid- hro-NAA-bui> [ˡbrəɪðʊɪd
hrɔˡnɑˑbʊɪ] (masculine noun)
1 The Dream of Rhonabwy (from the Tales of the Mabinogi)
:_______________________________.
breuddwydio
<brei-DHUID-yo> [brəɪðˡʊɪdjɔ] (verb)
1 to dream
breuddwydio
am fod yn feddyg dreaming about
being a doctor
Freuddwydiais i erioed y byddwn ryw ddydd yn aelod o’r Orsedd I never dreamt that one day I’d be a member of the Gorsedd
:_______________________________.
breuddwydiwr,
PLURAL: breuddwydwyr <brei-DHUID-yur,
brei-DHUID-wir> [brəɪðˡʊɪdjʊr,brəɪðˡʊɪdwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 dreamer
:_______________________________.
breweddu <brə-WEE-dhi> [brəˡweˑðɪ] verb
1 (South-east Wales) See berweddu
(to brew)
:_______________________________.
bri <BRII> [briː] (masculine noun)
1 renown
2 Compare
difrifol (= serious) < (difrif = seriousness) + (-ol suffix)
mewn difrif in all seriousness (“in
+ seriousness”)
The word difrif is from difri, which formerly meant “dishonor / dishonour”.
(di = privative prefix, ‘without’) +
soft mutation + (bri = honor /
honour )
1) The final f is a later addition.
Most likely this is under the influence of many polysyllabic words with final <v> [v] -f
which is lost colloquially. This -f
is retained however in the written language
Examples: cynta’ (= first), ola’ (= last), bydda’ (= I shall be), written in standard Welsh as cyntaf, olaf, byddaf
There are a couple of other words in Welsh with an inorganic f - these are hunllef (= nightmare), hyf (= insolent) (which are more correctly hunlle, hy.
As with difri, the -f has been ‘restored’ though in fact
it was never there in the first place.).
Difri has equivalents in the two
other British languages: Cornish deffri
(= indeed), Breton devri (=
seriously)
:_______________________________.
Briafael
<bri-AA-vel> [brɪˡɑˑvɛl] masculine noun
1 (obsolete) man's name
2 name of a Welsh evangelist of the early Church.
3 *Llanfriafael The likely Welsh form of the place name St. Briavels (Gloucestershire)
SS5504
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/521396 map
(delw 7495)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Briáfael < *Briafáil < *Brigho-vaghl < British *Brigo-magl-os,
as in modern Welsh bri (= respect,
esteem), corresponding to Irish brí
(= strength, valour); and the element mael
found in various male forenames (= great man, leader, chief), related to Latin magnus (= great)
NOTE: The short form of Briáfael is Brïog (first syllable Bri-, + diminutive suffix -og).
Briog occurs in Breton as Brieug
From this is derived Tyfrïog (ty- = your, ‘thy’, used in older Welsh as a prefix to form hypochoristics) + (Brïog).
Tyfrïog occurs in the the place name
Llandyfrïog.
:_______________________________.
briallen <bri-A-lhen> [brɪˡaɬɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL briallu
<bri-A-lhi> [brɪˡaɬɪ]
1 (Primula vulgaris) = cowslip
y friallen = the cowslip
2 Maesbriallu (“field
(of) primroses”, primrose field)
Street name in
..a/ Caerffili (“Maes Briallu”)
..b/ Llansamlet, county of Abertawe (“Maes Briallu”)
ETYMOLOGY: (unknown)
NOTE: (South Wales) brielli, mierlli;
county of Penfro brigelli
:_______________________________.
bric <BRIK> [brɪk] masculine
noun
PLURAL brics, briciau <BRIKS, BRIK-yai, -e> [brɪks,
ˡbrɪkjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 brick
2
clai brics (masculine noun), brick
clay = clay for making bricks, containing clay and iron
3
gosod brics bricklaying (“laying
(of) bricks”)
4
ffwrn frics (feminine noun), plural ffyrnau brics
brick kiln = a kiln for making bricks
5
gwaith brics (masculine noun),
plural gweithiau brics
brickworks, a place for making bricks (“work / factory {of} bricks”)
6
odyn
frics (feminine noun), plural odynau
brics
brick kiln = a kiln for making bricks
7
tŷ brics (masculine noun),
plural tai brics brick house, a
house made of bricks
wal frics (feminine noun), plural waliau
brics or welydd brics brick
wall, a wall made of bricks
ETYMOLOGY: from English brick <
French brique, from a Germanic word
related to English to break <breik> [breɪk]
:_______________________________.
bric-a-brac
‹brik-a-brak› [ˡbrɪkabrak] masculine
noun
1 bric-a-brac = small objects collected as ornaments, or for their
antiquarian character, or for sentimental reasons
Daeth i mewn â bocs llawn bric-a-brac o`r atig
She came in with a box full of bric-a-brac from the attic
ETYMOLOGY: from English bric-a-brac
< French bric à brac “at random”
:_______________________________.
bricét
<bri-KET> [brɪˡkɛt] masculine
noun
PLURAL bricets
<bri-KETS> [brɪˡkɛts]
1 briquette = type of fuel, small block of compressed coal dust
ETYMOLOGY: from English briquette
< French briquette
:_______________________________.
brici
<BRI-ki> [ˡbrɪkɪ] masculine
noun
PLURAL bricis
<BRI-kiz> [ˡbrɪkɪz]
1 colloquial, Englishism brickie, bricklayer (standard
Welsh = briciwr)
ETYMOLOGY: from English brickie,
diminutive form of bricklayer
:_______________________________.
bricio <BRIK-yo> [ˡbrɪkjɔ] verb
with an object
1 to brick = face with bricks (e.g. concrete wall)
2 to brick = line with bricks (e.g. kiln)
3 to brick up = fill with bricks; bricio ffenestr = to brick up a window
ETYMOLOGY: (bric = brick) + (-io)
NOTE: In South Wales the usual form is brico
(In the South -o generally replaces
final -io)
:_______________________________.
bricsen, PLURAL: brics <BRIK-sen, BRIKS> [ˡbrɪksɛn, brɪks] (feminine noun)
1 brick
y fricsen = the brick
:_______________________________.
Brid <briid> [briːd] feminine noun
1 Irish goddess of fire, fertility, agriculture
2
second patron saint of Ireland, said to have been born in Lú (453-523) (ie
around Pádraig's time) Feast day: 1 February
ETYMOLOGY: Irish Bríd
:_______________________________.
brifo <BRIi-vo> [ˡbriˑvɔ] (verb)
1 to hurt
:_______________________________.
brig, PLURAL: brigau <BRIIG, BRI-gai, -e> [briːg,
ˡbrɪgaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 top
2
ar frig ton on the crest of a wave
ar frig y don on the crest of the
wave
glo brig (“top coal”) surface coal
gwaith glo brig (“work of top coal”) open-cast coal mine, (USA: strip
mine, open pit mine)
2 brigog (adj) (qv - quod vidē - which see) branchy
:_______________________________.
brigâd
<bri-GAAD> [brɪˡgɑːd] feminine
noun
PLURAL brigadau
<bri-GAA-dai, -e> [brɪˡgɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 brigade = troops (such as a group of regiments) under a general
officer
y frigâd = the brigade
2
brigade = group of people organised for a specific task
brigâd dân fire brigade = squad of
firemen
ETYMOLOGY: brigâd < English brigade < French < Old Italian brigata (= troops) < brigare (= to fight)
:_______________________________.
brigâd dân
<bri-GAAD DAAN> [brɪˡgɑːd
ˡdɑːn] feminine noun
PLURAL brigadau
tân <bri-GAA-dai,
-e, TAAN> [brɪˡgɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ,
ˡtɑːn]
1 brigâd dân (Englandic:
fire brigade) = a squad of firemen
ETYMOLOGY: translation of Englandic ‘fire brigade’; (brigâd = brigade) + soft mutation + (tân = fire)
:_______________________________.
brigadydd <bri-GAA-didh> [brɪˡgɑˑdɪð] masculine
noun
PLURAL brigadwyr <bri-GAD-wir> [brɪˡgadwɪr]
1 (American: brigadier general) (Englandic: brigadier = (a) rank
between colonel and major general; (b) general officer who commands a brigade)
ETYMOLOGY: (brigâd = brigade) + (-ydd =
suffix to indicate a person)
:_______________________________.
brigdrawst
<BRIG-draust> [ˡbrɪgdraʊst] (m)
PLURAL brigdrawstiau
<brig-DRAUST-yai, -e> [brɪgˡdraʊstjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 catwalk, walkway; = pathway high above a stage, or connecting
buildings across a street
2
catwalk = platform along which models walk in a fashion show
Bu sêr rygbi Cymru yn cerdded y
brigdrawst yn sioe ffasiwn Tenovus yn Llanelli yn ystod yr Eisteddfod
Genedlaethol
The stars of Welsh rugby walked along the catwalk in the Tenovus fashion show
in the National Eisteddfod in Llanelli
ETYMOLOGY: ‘top beam’ (brig = top) +
soft mutation + (trawst = beam)
:_______________________________.
brigog ‹BRII-gog› [ˡbriˑgɔg] (adj)
1 branchy, spreading
Salmau 37:35 Gwelais
yr annuwiol yn gadarn, ac yn frigog fel y llawryf gwyrdd.
Psalms 37:35 I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like
a green bay tree.
o dan y gastanwydden frigog under the spreading chestnut tree
(Y) Prenbrigog SJ2664 “(the) spreading tree” name of a farm at Bwcle, Y Fflint
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2664
2 (cereal) bearing many ears
3 (cattle) horned
ETYMOLOGY: (brig = topmost branches, tree top) + (-og adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
brigwellt
<BRIG-welht> [ˡbrɪgwɛɬt] m
PLURAL brigwelltydd
‹brig-WELH-tidh› [brɪgˡwɛɬtɪð]
1 hair grass
Brigwellt-y-coed farm name “(the) hair grass (by) the wood”
(Nant-y-caws, Caerfyrddin)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/208944
ETYMOLOGY: (brig = top, crest) + soft mutation + (gwellt = grass)
:_______________________________.
brigwyn <BRIG-win> [ˡbrɪgwɪn] adjective
1 (wave) white-crested, white-topped
tonnau brigwyn
white-crested waves
Eifion Wyn – Telynegion Maes a Môr
Heibio'r greiglan dacw hi
Yn diflannu yn yr ewyn --
Clywais fref, a chlywais gri,
A bu'r don yn fwyfwy brigwyn.
Past the cliff there it is (here the
poem refers to a lamb which has fallen into the sea)
Disappearing in the foam
I heard a bleat, I heard a cry
And the sea was more and more white-crested
Yr Haul, 1807 uwch berw brigwyn y tônau
(= tonnau) above the white-crested
turmoil of the waves
Trysorfa y Plant 1827 ar y tônau (= tonnau) brigwyn on
the-crested waves
2
(beer) white-topped, with a white head, with foam on top
3
white-haired (from age)
4
(masculine noun) (North Wales) surf on a rough sea
Brigwyn – house name in Pen-y-bryn, Nefyn, county of Gwynedd
5
(masculine noun) (North Wales) a type of white mountain moss
Mae
hanner ddeheuol y
safle yn wlyb ac yn gorsiog, gyda hesg, brwyn a brigwyn.
The southern half of the site is wet and boggy, with sedge, rushes and
“brigwyn” moss
ETYMOLOGY: (brig = top, crest) +
soft mutation + (gwyn = white)
:_______________________________.
brigyn, PLURAL: brigau <BRI-gin, BRI-gai, -e> [ˡbriˑgɪn,
ˡbriˑgaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 twig
Bydd y dail wedi’u trefnu bob yn ail ar y brigyn
The leaves are arranged alternately on the twig
:_______________________________.
brith <BRIITH> [briːθ] (adjective)
1 speckled
bara brith (“speckled bread”) Welsh spicy currant loaf
2
names of birds
..1/ cnocell fraith fwyaf (Dendrocopos major) lesser spotted
woodpecker
cnocell fraith leiaf (Dendrocopos
minor) lesser spotted woodpecker
:_______________________________.
brithdir
<BRITH-dir> [ˡbrɪθdɪr] masculine
noun
PLURAL brithdiroedd <brith-DII-roidh. -odh> [brɪθˡdiˑrɔɪð,
-ɔð]
1
land of uneven quality / medium quality / average quality; land with mixed
soils
2
clayey soil
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = mixed) + soft
mutation + (tir= land)
It is found as a place name thoughout Wales - see below
See below Brithdir i fuwch a
chrasdir i ddafad.
See in the rest of the dictionary Gwaelodybrithdir
:_______________________________.
Y Brithdir <ə BRITH-dir> [ə ˡbrɪθdɪr]
1 SO1401farm and locality in Tredegar Newydd (in the
Rhymni valley, county of Caerffili)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1401
map
2 SJ1902 lmansion near Llanfyllin
in the district of Trefaldwyn
(county of Powys)
“Brithdir Hall” on the map; = ?Plas y Brithdir
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1902
map
3 SH7718 locality near
Dolgellau in the district of Meirionnydd (county of Gwynedd)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/450666 map
:_______________________________.
Brithdir ac
Islaw'r-dref <BRITH-dir ag IS-laur DREEV> [ˡbrɪθdɪr ag
ˡɪslaʊr ˡdreːv]
1 SH7717 parish near
Dolgellau in the district of Meirionnydd (county of Gwynedd);
population 1961: 878; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 69%
ETYMOLOGY: (brithdir = mixed land) +
(ac = and, form of a used before a vowel) + (islaw'r dref = below the trêv)
:_______________________________.
Brithdir i fuwch
a chrasdir i ddafad <BRITH-dir i VIUKH a KHRAS-dir i DHAA-vad> [ˡbrɪθdɪr
ɪˡvɪʊx a ˡxrasdɪr ɪ ˡðɑˑvad]
1 (a saying) 'wettish clayey soil for a cow, and dry soil for a
sheep'
Walter Davies / General
View of the Agriculture and Domestic Economy of South Wales / 1814:
Brithdir, such as the clayey soils of the flag-lias tract, are very productive
of cheese and butter; ‘brithdir i fuwch a
chrasdir i ddafad’, i.e. a rushy, strong soil for the cow, and a sharp dry
soil for the ewe
ETYMOLOGY: (brithdir = mixed land),
(buwch = cow), (crasdir = parched land), (dafad
= sheep)
:_______________________________.
brithedd
<BRIITH-edh> [ˡbriˑθɛð] masculine
noun
1 speckledness
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = speckled, mixed)
+ (-edd suffix for forming abstract
nouns)
:_______________________________.
brithfelyn <brith-VEE-lin> [brɪθˡveˑlɪn] adjective
1 (horse) dapple bay
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = speckled,
dappled) + soft mutation + (melyn = yellow)
:_______________________________.
brithlas
<BRITH-las> [ˡbrɪθlas] adjective
1 dapple-grey; with a grey skin marked with irregular spots
caseg frithlas = dapple-grey mare
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = dappled) + soft
mutation + (glas = grey / blue /
green)
:_______________________________.
brithlaw
<BRITH-lau> [ˡbrɪθlaʊ] masculine
noun
1 drizzle
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = speckled) + soft
mutation + (glaw = rain)
:_______________________________.
brithlen
<BRITH-len> [ˡbrɪθlɛn] feminine
noun
PLURAL brithlenni
<brith-LE-ni> [brɪθˡlɛnɪ]
1 (A literary word) tapestry
(normally tápestri masculine noun)
y frithlen = the
tapestry
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = speckled) + soft
mutation + (llen = cloth)
:_______________________________.
brithliw
<BRITH-liu> [ˡbrɪθlɪʊ] adjective
1 variegated, motley; (USA: pepper-and-salt) (Englandic:
salt-and-pepper) = dark but flecked with white; white-flecked
Yr oedd ganddo farf laes, frithliw he
had a long white-flecked beard
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = speckled) + soft
mutation + (lliw = color / colour)
:_______________________________.
brithwaith
<BRITH-waith> [ˡbrɪθwaɪθ] masculine
noun
PLURAL brithweithiau
<brith-WEITH-yai, -e> [brɪθˡwəɪθjaɪ,
-ɛ]
also: mosäig masculine noun
1
mosaic = design made up of inlaid pieces of coloured glass or stone
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = speckled) + soft
mutation + (gwaith = work)
:_______________________________.
brithweithio
<brith-WEITH-yo> [brɪθˡwəɪθjɔ] verb
1 tessellate, make a mosaic
ETYMOLOGY: (brithwaith = mosaic) + (-io = verbal suffix)
:_______________________________.
brithweithiol
<brith-WEITH-yol> [brɪθˡwəɪθjɔl] adjective
1 made with or from mosaic
llawr brithweithiol mosaic floor
2
mosaic = resembling a mosaic
ETYMOLOGY: (brithwaith = mosaic) + (-iol = adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
brithweithiwr
<brith-WEITH-yur> [brɪθˡwəɪθjʊr] masculine
noun
PLURAL brithweithwyr <brith-WEITH-wir> [brɪθˡwəɪθwɪr]
1 mosaicist, person who makes mosaics
ETYMOLOGY: (brithwaith = mosaic) + (-i-wr = suffix for forming nouns to
indcate an agebt, 'man')
:_______________________________.
brithyll,
PLURAL: brithyllod <BRII-thilh,
bri-THƏ-lhod> [ˡbriˑθɪɬ,
brɪˡθəɬɔd] (masculine noun)
1 trout
2 brithyll
y dom <BRII-thilh
ə DOM> [ˡbriˑθɪɬ ə ˡdɔm] stickleback
(“(the) trout (of) the dung” is the literal sense, though it is probably a
distortion of another expression)
3 brithyll seithliw (Salmo gairdneri) rainbow trout (“trout
of seven colours”)
4 pysgodfa frithyllod trout fishery (rather than the less
correct pysgodfa frithyll, or pysgodfa brithyllod)
:_______________________________.
briwgig
<BRIU-gig> [ˡbrɪʊgɪg] masculine
noun
1 (American: hamburger meat) (Englandic: mince )
ETYMOLOGY: (briw = chopped, minced )
+ soft mutation + (cig = meat)
:_______________________________.
briwllyd
<BRIU-lhid> [ˡbrɪʊɬɪd] adjective
1 (South Wales) (bread) crumbly
ETYMOLOGY: (briw = fragments) + (-llyd
adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
briwsiona <briu-SHO-na> [brɪʊˡʃɔna] (verb)
1 crumble, make crumbs
:_______________________________.
briwsioni <briu-SHO-ni> [brɪʊˡʃɔnɪ] (verb)
1 crumble, make crumbs
:_______________________________.
briwsionllyd
<briu-SHON-lhid> [brɪʊˡʃɔnɬɪd] adjective
1 (bread) crumbly
ETYMOLOGY: (briwsion = crumbs) + (-llyd
adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
briwsionyn,
PLURAL: briwsion <briu-SHOO-nin, BRIU-shon> [brɪʊˡʃoˑnɪn,
ˡbrɪʊʃɔn] (masculine noun)
1 crumb
:_______________________________.
bro, PLURAL: bröydd <BROO, BROO-idh> [broː, ˡbroˑɪð] (feminine noun)
With the definite article: y fro
1 vale, lowland
Bro Morgannwg “(the) lowland (of) Morgannwg”. Now the name of one of the 22 counties of Wales. The counterpart of this coastal area is Blaenau Morgannwg “(the) highland (of) Morgannwg”.
Y Fro short name for Bro Morgannwg (“the lowland”)
(y definite article) + soft
mutation + (bro = lowland)
(delw 7493)
2 Y Fro
Farm SO3826 near Rowlestone, Herefordshire (“Vroe”). On the flat ground by the
confluence of “Cwm Brook” (?Nant y Cwm) and Afon Mynwy
3 district
bro enedigol native area
Ymadawaodd â’i fro enedigol yn llanc
deunaw oed He left
his native area as an eighteen-year-old youth
Fe synnwyd yr holl fro gyda'r newydd drwg The whole district was taken aback by the bad news
bro ei febyd the district of his boyhood,
his native district
ddyn na chollodd erioed ei gysylltiad â bro ei febyd a man who never once lost contact with the district of his boyhood
Un o fro Colwyn oedd She was from the Colwyn
district
coleg bro community college
ysbyty bro community hospital
llyfrgell bro community library
cyngor bro community council
bro’r Eisteddfod the area in which an eisteddfod is held
Yr arfer ydoedd peidio ag urddo neb o fro’r Eisteddfod ym Mhrifwyl y
fro honno (ac eithrio enillwyr y prif wobrau a’r rhai a lwyddodd yn yr
arholiadau). Yn y Brifwyl ddilynol, fel arfer, yr urddid pawb o fro Eisteddfod
y flwyddyn gynt.’ Erbyn hyn, nid yw’r arfer hwnnw’n bod Cymro
05 01 2002
4 district
(especially in invented names to designate the area of an eisteddfod, society,
school, etc; often defined by reference to a river, lake (Bro Aled, Bro Machno, Bro Ogwr, Bro Tegid), or
a personage (Bro Dafydd),
or another defining feature (Bro Madog)
5 district = area surrounding a specified place
Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru, Aber-gwaun a'r Fro 2-9 Awst 1986
6 papur bro community newspaper, local newspaper (usually produced monthly by volunteers) written entirely in Welsh serving a defined community ("paper (of the) district")
Y Tincer - papur bro Genau'r Glyn, Melindwr, Tirymynach, Trefeurig a'r Borth
"Y Tincer" (the tinker) - the district newspaper of Genau'r Glyn, Melindwr, Tirymynach, Trefeurig and Y Borth
7 gwenfro
(obsolete) fair land; paradise
SJ3050 Afon Gwenfro = river in the
town of Wrecsam, north-east Wales
(gwen = feminine form of gwyn =
white, fair, pleasant) + soft mutation + (bro
= district)
8 heartland = central part of a country; part of a country which is of vital improtance (seat of traditions, language, history, etc)
Y Fro
Gymraeg The Welsh heartland, the Welsh-speaking area
Y Fro
Wyddeleg (“the Irish(-language)
district”)
9 one's native heath = one's
locality
10 bro a bryniau hill
and dale (lit: lowland and hills)
Dewch drigolion bro a bryniau (First line of the folk song Y Mochyn Du “the
black pig”)
Come [ye] inhabitants [of] [the] lowland and
[the] hills
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh bro < *brogh British *brog- < Common Celtic *mrog-
From the same British root:
Cornish bro
(= country),
Breton bro (= country),
From the same Common Celtic root:
Irish brú (= brink); also bruach (= bank, brink);
Scottish
[Gaelic] bruach (= bank, edge)
From the same Indoeuropean root: Latin margô (= margin), Catalan marge (= margin).
English (< Latin) margin
English (< Germanic) march (= boundary). Cf Old Norse mörk (= boundary land)
See Brodawel, Bro Aled, Bro Dafydd, Bro-deg, Brogynin, Bro-hedd, Bro Machno, Bro Ogwen, Bro Ogwr, Bro’r Cymry, Bro Tegid
:_______________________________.
Bro Aber
<broo
AA-ber> [
broː ɑˑbɛr]
1 House name
2 Name of a hymn tune
ETYMOLOGY: Either bro yr aber “(the) country (of) the estuary”, or “bro (yr) Aber”, referring to a town which has Aber as the first element “(the) country / (the) district (of) Aberystwyth, Aberaeron / Aberteifi / Aber-gwaun, etc)
(bro = district) + (Aled river name)
:_______________________________.
Bro Aled
<broo AA-led> [
broː ɑˑlɛd] feminine
noun
1 the Llansannan area, district around the river Aled
Eisteddfod Bro Aled, Llansannan, Dydd Sadwrn Hydref 20fed 2001
Eisteddfod of Bro Aled, (in the village of) Llansannan, 20 October 2001
ETYMOLOGY: “Aled Country”, “Aled
Land” (bro = district) + (Aled river name)
:_______________________________.
Brochfael <BROKH-vail,
BROKH-vel> [ˡbrɔxvaɪl, ˡbrɔxvɛl] masculine
noun
1 man's name
2
Brochfael Ysgithrog (ysgithrog = having projecting teeth,
having sticky-out teeth.)
His sons were saint Tysilio (died 662), and Cadell, king of Powys
3
Pwllbrochfael SO5301 “Brochfael’s
pool” village on the eastern bank of the river Gwy, in England, 8km north of the town
of Cas-gwent. English name: Brockweir
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/56244 map
(delw 7495)
4
Llannerchrochwel SJ1910 farm 4km
north-west of Y Trallwng (county of Powys). This is llannerch Brochfael “the clearing
of Brochfael”.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1910 map
..a/ Brochfael > Brochfel (typical reduction of final ae > e
..b/ Brochfel > Brochwel (the change <v> [v] > <w> [w] occurs in other words in Welsh. See w)
..c/ llannerch Frochwel there is
soft mutation of personal names after a feminine noun in older Welsh
..d/ llannerch ’Rochwel the
difficult combination of consonants ch-f-r
has led to simplification, and the <v> [v] has disappeared
ETYMOLOGY: Brochfael (broch = tumult) + soft mutation + (mael = leader)
In fact it would be pre-Welsh, i.e. British, compound Brokko-maglo-s
:_______________________________.
brócoli <BRO-ko-li> [ˡbrɔkɔlɪ] masculine noun
1 broccoli = kind of cauliflower
2 brócoli'r gaeaf winter
broccoli
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh brócoli < English broccoli < Italian broccoli
(= little sprouts), plural of broccolo, a diminutive form of brocco
(= sprout)
:_______________________________.
Bro
Dafydd <broo DAA-vidh> [broː
ˡdɑˑvɪð]
1 “Dafydd ap
Gwilym Country”
Côr Bro Dafydd choir of “Bro Dafydd”; name of a women's choir (1988) in
the vicinity of Penrhyn-coch, the birthplace of Dafydd ap Gwilym, poet
(1320-1370)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) district (of) Dafydd [ap Gwilym]” (bro = district,
country) + (Dafydd)
(delw 7494)
:_______________________________.
Brodawel <broo DAU-el> [broː ˡdaʊɛl]
1 street name in
Porthtywyn / Burry Port (county of Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen)
(spelt as “Brodawel”)
ETYMOLOGY: bro dawel “tranquil
area” (bro = area, district) + soft mutation + (tawel =
quiet, tranquil, calm)
:_______________________________.
Bro-deg <broo DEEG> [broː ˡdeːg]
1 street name in
Rhuthin (county of Dinbych / Denbigh) (“Bro Deg”)
2 street name in Aber-dâr
(Rhondda Cynon Taf)
ETYMOLOGY: bro deg “fair
district”, “fair country” (bro = area, district) + soft
mutation + (teg = fair, bonnie)
:_______________________________.
brodio <BROD-yo> [ˡbrɔdjɔ] (verb)
1 embroider
:_______________________________.
brodorol <bro-DOO-rol> [brɔˡdoˑrɔl] adjective
1 indigenous
2
y Cymry
brodorol the native Welsh (as distinct from Welsh immigrants from other
parts of Wales, or English immigrants)
3
iaith frodorol native language
4
native = of one's birth
Y mae Eirinwg yn wlad frodorol un o'r
rhai mwyaf enwog o'r Seintiau Cymreig, sef
Dyfrig Sant.
Eirinwg is the native country of one of the most famous of the Welsh saints,
namely Saint Dyfrig
(Eirinwg, cylchgrawn Cymru 1915)
ETYMOLOGY: (brodor = native) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
brodwaith
<BROD-waith> [ˡbrɔdwaɪθ] (masculine noun)
1 embroidery
ETYMOLOGY: (brod-, stem of the verb brodio = to embroider) + (-io verb suffix)
:_______________________________.
brodyr <BROO-dir> [ˡbroˑdɪr]
1 brothers; plural form of brawd
(= brother, friar)
:_______________________________.
broetsh <broich> [brɔɪʧ] feminine noun
PLURAL broetshis
<BROI-chis> [ˡbrɔɪʧɪs]
1 brooch
y froetsh = the brooch
ETYMOLOGY: English brooch < French broche
< Vulgar Latin *broca < Latin brochus (= projecting)
:_______________________________.
broga
<BROO-ga> [ˡbroˑga] masculine
noun
PLURAL brogaod,
brogáid, brogáed <bro-GAA-od, bro-GAID, bro-GAID> [brɔˡgɑˑɔd,
brɔˡgaɪd, brɔˡgaɪd]
1 (South Wales) common frog Rana temporaria
(delw 7213)
broga du dark frog
broga melyn
yellow frog
bwyd
y broga (Ceredigion) mushroom (“food of the frog”)
grifft broga frogspawn
mor ddifater â broga melyn bach as indifferent / unconcerend as a
little yellow frog
2
types of frog
..1/ broga bwytadwy or llyffant
bwytadwy
(Rana escuelenta) edible frog
..2/ broga’r dŵr or llyffant y dŵr (Rana lessonae)
pool frog
..3/ broga’r gors or llyffant y gors (Rana ridibunda) marsh
frog
3
There is a farm called Pwllyfroga
south of Cilái Uchaf, Abertawe: (the) pool (of) the frog (retaining the
original form froga before this was rationalised into broga, see
etymology below.
Unlikely to be an instance of broga as a feminine noun, with the usual soft mutation after the
definite article)
ETYMOLOGY: broga < froga < dialectal Middle English vrogge < frogge.
Cf German der Frosch (= the frog)
(1) In south-west England initial <f> [f] > <v> [v]
(2) In Welsh, the initial <v> [v]
was treated
as a consonant with soft mutation, and a radical form with “b” came about –
i.e. froga was replaced by broga
NOTE: (1) also ffroga (i.e. with <f> [f])
< English frogge
(2) North Wales has llyffant melyn
:_______________________________.
brogar <BROO-gar> [ˡbroˑgar] adjective
1 loving one's district, having affection for one's native place,
attached to one's home area
ETYMOLOGY: (brogar = fond of one’s
home area) + (-gar, suffix =
‘showing love for, having love for’). The notional basis of the word brogarwch . If brogar is in use (I have no examples of it) it is in fact taken
from brogarwch with the subtraction
of the noun suffix
:_______________________________.
brogarwch <bro-GAA-rukh> [brɔˡgɑˑrʊx] masculine
noun
1 love of one's district, affection for one's native place,
attachment to one's home area
ETYMOLOGY: A word first noted in 1912, according to Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru
(University of Wales Dictionary); (brogar
= fond of one’s home area) + (-wch,
suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
Brogynin
<broo GƏ-nin> [broː
ˡgənɪn]
1 (SN6684) farm in Trefeurig (county of Ceredigion), north-west of
Goginan. Birthplace of poet Dafydd ap Gwilym (fl.
1340-1370).
2 House name (as “Bro Gynin”) in Aberystwyth (county of Ceredigion) (in the
list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion”
1961 / Part 1)
ETYMOLOGY: apparently “district of Cynin” (bro
= district; lowland) + soft mutation + (Cynin).
This male personal name also occurs in Caerfyrddin county where there is Llangynin (“church of (saint) Cynin”)
:_______________________________.
Bro-hedd
<broo HEEDH> [broː
ˡheːð]
1 House name in Ponciau (county of Wrecsam)
(in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of
Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1) (as “Bro Hedd”)
ETYMOLOGY: “district (of) peace” (bro
= district) + (hedd = peace)
:_______________________________.
brolgar <BROL-gar> [ˡbrɔlgar] (adjective)
1 boastful
:_______________________________.
brolgi, PLURAL: brolgwn <BROL-gi, BROL-gun> [ˡbrɔlgɪ,
ˡbrɔlgʊn] (masculine noun)
1 boaster
ETYMOLOGY: (brol- stem of brolio = to brag) land (of) peace”
(bro = district) + (hedd = peace)
:_______________________________.
broli, PLURAL: brolis <BRO-li, BRO-liz> [ˡbrɔlɪ,
ˡbrɔlɪz] (masculine noun)
1 brolly, umbrella
:_______________________________.
brolian <BROL-yan> [ˡbrɔljan] (verb)
1 to boast
:_______________________________.
brolio <BROL-yo> [ˡbrɔljɔ] (verb)
1 to boast
2 ei frolio ei hun <i VROL-yo i HIIN> [ɪ
ˡvrɔljɔ ɪ ˡhiːn] show off
:_______________________________.
broliwr,
PLURAL: brolwyr <BROL-yur, BROL-wir> [ˡbrɔljʊr,
ˡbrɔlwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 boaster, show-off
:_______________________________.
Bro Machno
<broo MAKH-no> [broː
ˡmaxnɔ]
1 the district around the Machno river SH8053 (The river rises 4km north-east of Blaenau Ffestiniog and
flows through the hamlet of Cwmpenmachno, down the valley of Cwm Penmachno and
throught the village of Penmachno to join Afon Conwy in Betws-y-coed).
One of the
sixty seats on the county council is for the councillor representing “Bro
Machno / Betws-y-coed”.
(delw 7459)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/598329 Cwmpenmachno SH7547
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=315415 Penmachno SH7950
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/173780 Betws-y-coed SH7956
ETYMOLOGY: (bro = district) + (Machno = river name)
:_______________________________.
Bro Madog
<broo MAA-dog> [broː
ˡmɑˑdɔg]
1 the district of
Porthmadog and Tremadog
Eisteddfod Bro Madog 1987 The National Eisteddfod, held in Porthmadog in 1987
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) district (of)
(Porth) Madog (and Tremadog)”
(bro = district) + (Madog)
NOTE: Tremadog (Gwynedd) Originally spelt Tremadoc. A small planned town built by William Alexander Madocks after he had purchased the land here in 1798. He had been brought up in London but was from a Sir Ddinbych / Denbighshire family.
Tremadoc “(the) town (of) Madoc” (tre = town) + (Madoc).
Porthmadog
(originally Portmadoc) came into existence around 1811 after the completion of
Y Còb and the reclamation of Y Traeth Mawr.
Although
the name could be said to be an anglicised form based on Welsh Porthmadog (indeed,
the present name) Porthmadog “(the) port (of) Madog” (porth
= port) + (Madoc), it may be modelled on the anglicised name of
Porteinon in the Gw^yr Peninsula in South Wales (Welsh: Portheinon), where
Einon is a male forename; Similar forms are anglicised Manx names (Port Erin,
Port St. Mary) or anglicised Scottish names.
:_______________________________.
bron 1 PLURAL: bronnau <BRON, BRO-nai, -ne> [brɔn,
ˡbrɔnaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 woman's breast
y fron = the breast
yr hollt rhwng y bronnau
cleavage between a woman’s breasts
(“the cleavage / split between the breasts”)
yr agen rhwng y bronnau cleavage between a woman's breasts
(“the cleavage / split between the breasts”)
rhigol y bronnau cleavage between a woman's breasts
(“the groove / cleavage (of) the breasts”)
2
bird's breast
bronfraith thrush (“speckled
breast”)
brongoch robin (“red breast”)
telor brongoch (Subalpine
Warbler, Sylvia cantillans)
gwybedog brongoch
(Red-breasted Flycatcher, Ficedula parva)
gylfindew brongoch (Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus)
:_______________________________.
bron 2 PLURAL: bronnydd <BRON, BRO-nidh> [brɔn,
ˡbrɔnɪð] (feminine
noun)
1 breast-shaped hill
y fron = the hill
2
Heulfron (House name or street name)
sunny hill
heul fron (heul, tonic syllable form of haul
= sun) + soft mutation + (bron =
hill)
(There is also an incorrect form Haulfron
commonly found in such names)
4
Hirfron long hill
hir fron (hir = long) + soft mutation + (
bron = hill)
5 Fron-deg (“fair hill”) house name
6
lledfron slope
Lledfron SJ1120 farm overlooking
Nant Fyllon, 2km north-west of Llanfyllin (Powys)
(lled = half ) + soft mutation + ( bron = hill)
:_______________________________.
bron 3 - <bron> [brɔn] (adverb)
1 almost
bron yn barod <bron ən BAA-rod> [brɔn
ən ˡbɑˑrɔd] almost ready
2
bu bron i he / she / it almost...
Bu bron i mi lewygu I nearly
fainted, my heart stood still
3
byth
bron hardly ever, almost never
Dyw
e byth bron yn smygu He hardly ever
smokes
4
bron na... hardly
Bron na wn i beth i’w wneud I hardly
know what to do
5 bron â (+ verbnoun) almost
mae e bron â (+ verbnoun) he is
almost (sometimes simply bron, with â omitted)
Bu hi bron â pheidio â dod She
almost didn’t come
Bu e bron â chwympo
He nearly fell
Roedd hi bron â disgyn She nearly fainted / fell
Roedd hi bron â marw She nearly died
Rw i bron _ ffaelu â symud I can
hardly move ( _ = omitted word)
(= Rw i bron â ffaelu â symud)
Roeddwn i bron â marw o eisiau chwerthin
> oon i bron _ marw ishe hwerthin (
_ = omitted word)
I nearly died trying not to laugh
Mae bron â bod yn barod It’s almost
ready
Rw i bron â gorffen y traethawd I’ve
almost finished the thesis
NOTE: (bron = almost) + (â = with)
:_______________________________.
Bron-deg <bron DEEG> [brɔn ˡdeːg]
1 street name in Heolgerrig,
Merthyrtudful
2 Parc-bron-deg
street name in Diserth (Conwy) (“Parc Bron Deg”)
parc Bron-deg “(the) park (of) Bron-deg”.
ETYMOLOGY: bron deg “fair hill” (bron = round hill; woman’s breast) + soft mutation + (teg = fair, bonnie)
:_______________________________.
bronfraith, PLURAL: bronfreithiaid <BRON-vraith, -vreth, bron-VREITH-yaid,
-yed> [ˡbrɔnvraɪθ,
-ɛθ, brɔnˡvrəɪθjaɪd, -ɛd] (feminine noun)
1 thrush
y fronfraith = the thrush
ETYMOLOGY: “speckled breast” (bron
= breast) + soft mutation + (braith, feminine form of the adjective brith = speckled)
:_______________________________.
Bronheulwen <bron-HEIL-wen> [brɔnˡhəɪlwɛn] (feminine noun)
1 Farm name
..a/ SN9285 Near Llanidloes
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/532338
..b/ SN9478 Farm south of Cwmbelan
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN9478
ETYMOLOGY: bron yr heulwen “(the) hill (of) the sunshine” (bron = hill; breast) + (yr definite
article) + (heulwen = sunshine)
:_______________________________.
bronnoeth <BRO-noith, -noth> [ˡbrɔnɔɪθ,
-ɔθ] (adjective)
1 bare-breasted
ETYMOLOGY: “bare / naked breast” (bron
= breast) + (noeth = bare, naked, unclothed)
:_______________________________.
bronnog <BRO-nog> [ˡbrɔnɔg] (adjective)
1 having large breasts
ETYMOLOGY: (bronn- < bron =
breast) + (-og sufix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Bronolau ‹bron OO-lai, -e›
1 house name
..a/ (former?) place in Boduan
SH3237, Gwynedd (“Bronolau”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=303762
Boduan
notes the baptism on Oct 5 1823 of Gwen, daughter of Evan Williams, labourer, and his wife Mary, of “Bronolau or Ty Newydd Penrhos” (“Bronolau”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/241655
(Lanfachreth SH7522)
..c/ house at Rhyd-y-sarn SH6942, Gwynedd (“Bron Olau”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH6942 Rhyd-y-sarn
ETYMOLOGY:
"light hill, sunlit hill”
Bronolau < bron olau (bron
= breast) + soft mutaiton + (golau = light, clear)
:_______________________________.
bronwen <BRON-wen> [ˡbrɔnwɛn] feminine
noun
PLURAL bronwennod <bron-WE-nod> [brɔnˡwɛnɔd]
1 weasel
y fronwen = the weasel
2 Mi glywais i’r stori gan
fronwen I heard it throught the grapevine; A little bird told me (“I heard
the story from a weasel”)
(if not the bird bronwen y dŵr Cinclus
cinclus dipper)
3
weak tea (or beer)
piso / pisho bronwen ("
weasel's piss ")
ETYMOLOGY: bron wen (bron = breast) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn =
white)
:_______________________________.
Bronwen <BRON-wen> [ˡbrɔnwɛn] feminine
noun
1 woman's name
ETYMOLOGY: bron wen (bron = breast) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = fair
/ beautiful / white)
NOTE: There is also a name with the same elements reversed: Gwenfron
:_______________________________.
bronwen y dŵr <BRON-wen ə DUUR> [ˡbrɔnwɛn
ə ˡduːr] feminine noun
PLURAL bronwennod y dŵr <bron-WE-nod ə
DUUR> [brɔnˡwɛnɔd
ə ˡduːr]
1 (Ornithology) Cinclus cinclus dipper
(Also trochwr, Wil y dŵr, aderyn du'r dŵr, tresglen y dŵr)
ETYMOLOGY: “white breast of the water” (bronwen
= white breast) + (y = definite
article) + (dŵr = water)
:_______________________________.
Bron-y-glyn <bron ə GLIN> [brɔn
ə ˡglɪn]
1 house name in Eastcote, Ruislip, Middlesex (in the list of members
in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)
(“Bron y Glyn”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) hill (overlooking) the valley”) (bron = hill) + (y =
definite article) + (glyn = valley)
:_______________________________.
Bro Ogwen
<broo OG-wen> [broː ˡɔgwɛn] feminine
noun
1 ‘Ogwen Country’, the district around the river Ogwen, the focal
point of which is the town of Bethesda
2 Bro-ogwen (“Bro Ogwen”) house name, Bangor (Gwynedd)
:_______________________________.
Bro Ogwr
<broo OO-gur> [broː
ˡoˑgʊr] feminine noun
1 ‘Ogwr Country’, the district around the river Ogwr, the focal
point of which is the town of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
Yn 1995 cynhaliwyd
Gwyl Cerdd Dant Cymru Bro Ogwr yn Ysgol
Gyfun Bryntirion
In 1995 the Wales Harp Music Festival (located that year in) Bro Ogwr was
held in Bryntirion
Comprehensive School (= coeducational High School)
Cafodd Menter Bro Ogwr ei sefydlu yn
Hydref 1998 gan griw o wirfoddolwyr lleol yn dilyn
Eisteddfod Pen-coed 1997
The Centre for the Promotion of the Welsh Language of Bro Ogwr was set up
by a group of volunteers following the National Eisteddfod in Pen-coed in 1997
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) country (of the river) Ogwr” (bro = country, area, zone, district) + (Ogwr = name of a river)
:_______________________________.
Bro'r Cymry <broor KƏM-ri> [broːr ˡkəmrɪ] feminine
noun
1 (History) Welshry, district occupied by the Welsh (in a
territory divided between Welsh and English inhabitants)
ETYMOLOGY: (bro = district) + (y = definite article ) + (Cymry
= Welsh people)
:_______________________________.
Bro Tegid
<broo TEE-gid> [broː
ˡteˑgɪd] feminine noun
1 the district around the town of Y Bala in north Wales (the town is
situated at the mouth of the lake known as Llyn Tegid, Englished as ‘Bala Lake’),
‘Tegid Country’
Llyfrgell Bro Tegid Name of the
public library in the town of Y Bala
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) country (of the lake) Tegid” (bro = country, area, zone, district) + (Llyn) Tegid = name of a
lake)
:_______________________________.
brown <BROUN> [brɔʊn] (adjective)
1 brown
esgidiau brown brown shoes
sgwert
frown a brown skirt
trowsus brown brown trousers
:_______________________________.
brud <BRIID> [ˡbriːd] masculine
noun
PLURAL brudiau <BRID-yai, -e> [ˡbrɪdjaɪ,
-ɛ]
Although brud is given as the headword in the Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru
/ University of Wales Dictionary this word is more usually found in titles of
chronicles
with final ‘t’ – brut, plural brutiau
1
chronicle, history
Y Brutiau Cymraeg The Welsh
Chronicles
(1) Brut Gruffudd ab Arthur name
given in the Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales (1801) to one of the longer
translated versions of Brut y Brenhinedd
(2) Brut Tysilio name given in the
Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales (1801) to a shorter translated version of Brut y Brenhinedd, in the belief that
the original author was Tysilio.
(3) Brut y Brenhinedd The Chronicle
of the Kings. Welsh translation of the Latin text c. 1136 “Historia Regum
Britataniae” by Sieffre o Fynwy
(Geoffrey of Monmouth). There are about six or seven different translations,
the earliest dating from 1200s.
(4) Brut y Brytaniaid Chronicle of
the Britons, name given to some of the versions of Brut y Brenhinedd
(5) Brut y Saeson Chronicle of the
Saxon Kings
(6) Brut y Tywysogion Chronicle of the
(Welsh) Princes = a medieval Welsh translation of a lost Latin text “Cronica
Principum Wallie”. This text was written at the end of the 1200s in Ystrad
Fflur (Strata Florida) monastery, in the county of Ceredigion.
2 prophesy (this sense developed because the chronicles contained
prophecies)
cywyddau brud vaticinatory poems
Lefiticus 20:27 Gŵr neu wraig a fo
ganddynt ysbryd
dewiniaeth, neu frud,
hwy a leddir yn farw; â cherrig y
llabyddiant hwynt; eu gwaed
fydd arnynt
eu hunain.
Leviticus 20:27 A man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit, or that is a
wizard, shall surely be put to death: they shall stone them with stones: their
blood shall be upon them.
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh brud / brut <
French brut < Latin Brutus.
This Brutus is Brutus of Troy, a mythical figure who was supposed to have been
the first king of the Britons.
The French expression “Roman de Brut” (= story of Brutus) became simply “Brut”
(= the [story of] Brutus”, the “Brutus”), and
from this it came to mean “chronicle, story” in general.
The word was taken into Welsh with the sense of “chronicle of the island of
Britain” or “chronicle of Wales”.
The name Brutus is from the Latin adjective brûtus (= heavy, stupid, irrational); and from comes also English “brute” (= cruel person).
As a name, cf Marcus Junius Brutus 85?BC-42BC, one of the assassins of Julius
Caesar
NOTE: In borrowings from English, final –t tended to become –d:
..a/ Cocsed (place name in Ceredigion (= woodland glade), < English cockshoot (= woodland glade; glade through wich woodcock shoot or dash and are caught in nets));
..b/ poced (= pocket),
..c/ roced (= rocket), etc
:_______________________________.
brudiwr
<BRID-yur> [ˡbrɪdjʊr] masculine
noun
PLURAL brudwyr <BRID-wir> [ˡbrɪdwɪr]
1 diviner, soothsayer, magician, wizard
Lefiticus 20:6 A'r dyn a dro ar ôl dewiniaid, a brudwyr, i buteinio ar eu hôl hwynt; gosodaf fy wyneb
yn erbyn y dyn
hwnnw hefyd, a thorraf ef ymaith o fysg ei bobl.
Leviticus 20:6 And the soul that turneth after such as have familiar spirits,
and after wizards, to go a whoring after them, I will even set my face against
that soul, and will cut him off from among his people.
Daniel 5:7 Gwaeddodd y brenin yn groch
am ddwyn i mewn yr astronomyddion, y Caldeaid, a'r brudwyr: a llefarodd y
brenin, a dywedodd wrth ddoethion Babilon, Pa ddyn bynnag a ddarlleno yr ysgrifen
hon, ac a ddangoso i mi ei dehongliad, efe a wisgir â phorffor, ac a gaiff
gadwyn aur am ei wddf, a chaiff lywodraethu yn drydydd yn y deyrnas.
Daniel 5:7 The king cried aloud to bring in the astrologers, the Chaldeans, and
the soothsayers. And the king spake, and said to the wise men of Babylon,
Whosoever shall read this writing, and show me the interpretation thereof,
shall be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about his neck, and
shall be the third ruler in the kingdom.
ETYMOLOGY: (brud = prophecy) + (-i-wr, suffix = ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
brut <BRIIT> [ˡbriːt] masculine
noun
1 See brud
:_______________________________.
Brulhai
<BRIL-hai> [ˡbrɪlhaɪ] feminine
noun
1 SO2649 Village in the
English county of Hereford-and-Worcester, 8km north-east of the Welsh border
town of Y Gelligandryll
/ Y Gelli (“Hay on Wye”)
English name “Brilley”.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/910576
ETYMOLOGY: Adaptation of the English name “Brilley”.
:_______________________________.
brwd <BRUUD> [bruːd] (adjective)
1 passionate, enthusiastic
:_______________________________.
brwdfrydedd <brud-VRƏ-dedh> [brʊdˡvrədɛð] (masculine noun)
1 enthusiasm
:_______________________________.
Brwmffild
‹BRUM-fild› [ˡbrʊmfɪld]
1 Broomfield
Arglwyddiaeth
Brwmffild ac Iâl the Lordship of Broomfield and Yale
:_______________________________.
brwnt <BRUNT> [ˡbrʊnt] (adjective) (South Wales)
1 dirty
:_______________________________.
brwsh, PLURAL: brwshus <BRUSH, BRU-shis> [brʊʃ,
ˡbrʊʃɪs] (masculine noun)
1 brush
:_______________________________.
brwshad
<BRU-shad> [ˡbrʊʃad] masculine noun
PLURAL brwshadau
<bru-SHAA-dai, -e> [brʊˡʃɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] 1
brush = action of brushing, brushing, act of using a brush
rhoi brwshad i (rywbeth) give a brush to something
See: brwshad
2
brushstroke
ETYMOLOGY: brwshad > brwsiad < (brwsi- stem of brwsio =
to brush) + (-ad suffix for forming
abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
brwsh dannedd
<brush
DA-nedh> [brʊʃ ˡdanɛð] (masculine noun)
1 toothbrush
:_______________________________.
brwsh gwallt
<brush
GWALHT> [brʊʃ
ˡgwaɬt] (masculine
noun)
1 hair brush
:_______________________________.
brwshio <BRUSH-yo> [ˡbrʊʃjɔ] (verb)
1 to brush
:_______________________________.
brwsiad
<BRU-shad> [ˡbrʊʃad] masculine noun
PLURAL brwsiadau
<bru-SHAA-dai, -e> [brʊˡʃɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 brush = action of brushing
See: brwshad
:_______________________________.
brwydr
(“brwydyr”), PLURAL: brwydrau <BRUI-dir, BRUI-drai, -e> [ˡbrʊɪdɪr,
ˡbrʊɪdraɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 battle, fight, struggle
y frwydr = the struggle
2 mynd yn frwydr erchyll (“to become a terrible fight”)
Aeth yn
frwydr
erchyll A terrible fight broke out
:_______________________________.
brwydro <BRUI-dro> [ˡbrʊɪdrɔ] (verb)
1 to fight, to struggle
:_______________________________.
brwynen
<BRUI-nen> [ˡbrʊɪnɛn] feminine
noun
PLURAL brwyn <BRUIN> [ˡbrʊɪn]
1 rush = plant of genus Juncus, family Juncaceae, which grows in
marshy ground
y frwynen
= the rush
2
rush = stem of this plant used to make chair bottoms, baskets, mats
3
fel brwyn
= (legs) gone weak at the knees (“like rushes”)
4
Brwynen-las
‘green rush’ street name in Bryn-coch,
Castell-nedd
5
llafrwynen
rush, bulrush
darlun o Moses yn ei gawell llafrwyn ar
fin yr afon
a picture of Moses in his crib of rushes on the bank of the river
llafrwynen
is the singular form, representing (llafrwyn = rushes) + (-en suffix added to nouns to make a singular form out of a
collective noun or plural noun)
The etymology of the word: llafrwyn < *llawfrwyn < *llawrfrwyn (llawr
= ground) + soft mutation + (brwyn = rushes)
ETYMOLOGY: (brwyn
= rushes) + (singulative suffix -en);
brwyn
< British.
From the same British root: Cornish broennenn
(= rush), Breton broenenn (= rush)
:_______________________________.
brwyniad <BRUIN-yad> [ˡbrʊɪnjad] masculine noun
PLURAL brwyniaid
<BRUIN-yaid, -yed> [ˡbrʊɪnjaɪd,
-ɛd]
1 brwyniaid
Osmeridae
2
(Osmerus eperlanus) brwyniad Conwy (m), brwyniaid Conwy smelt, European smelt,
sparling
ETYMOLOGY: (brwyn
= rushes) + (-i-ad noun-forming
suffix) (because the sparling is said to smell of rushes)
:_______________________________.
1 brych <BRIIKH> [briːx] adjective
1 spotted (having a pattern of marks), brindled (having dark patches
on a background of brown or grey)
cilfilyn
brych gyddfir yw'r
jiráff
The giraffe is a spotted long-necked ruminant
cath frech tabby cat
Y Foel Frech The Speckled Hill
Y
Garreg-frech street name in Penrhyndeudraeth, Gwynedd (“the speckled
stone”)
tylluan frech (Strix aluco)
tawny owl
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *brikk-
< Celtic; the feminine form brech
< *brikk-â
Breton: brec'h (= pox, smallpox)
From the same Celtic root: Irish breac
(= spotted), Scottish breac (=
spotted), Manx breck (= spotted)
NOTE: feminine form is brech
<BREEKH> [breːx],
plural form brychion <BRƏKH-yon> [ˡbrəxjɔn]
:_______________________________.
2 brych <BRIIKH> [briːx] masculine
noun
PLURAL brychau
<BRƏ-khai, -e> [ˡbrəxaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 spot
(North Wales) brychau haul freckles
2
stain, blemish, defect
pigo brychau find fault, look for
faults
Hawdd pigo brychau it’s easy to find
fault (instead of praising what is good in a person, something good that a
person has done or made, etc)
Nid yw'r
llyfr newydd
heb ei frychau The new book isn’t without its faults
3
brychau gwlân: (North-west Wales) flocks of sheep
ETYMOLOGY: See brych (adjective) – the noun was originally an
adjective
NOTE: Also forms with -yn;
(1) brychyn
<BRƏ-khin> [ˡbrəxɪn] (-yn as a diminutive suffix), (2) there is a
singular form based on the plural: brycheuyn <brə-KHEI-in> [brəˡxəɪɪn] < (brychau + -yn) with
singulative suffix -yn
:_______________________________.
3 brych <BRIIKH> [briːx] masculine
noun
PLURAL brychod
<BRƏ-khod> [ˡbrəxɔd]
1 afterbirth, placenta
bwrw'r brych
expel the afterbirth
2
(North-west Wales) edrych fel brych
(said of a sorry-looking person, miserable person) (“look like afterbirth”)
3
bwrw'r crwt bant a chadw’r brych (“throw away the infant and keep the
afterbirth”) In dealing with some problem, to propose a solution which makes
the problem worse; to eliminate the advantages of a situation and yet keep the
disadvantages; to throw the baby out with the bathwater
Also: cadw'r brych
a lluchio’r babi (“keep the afterbirth and throw (away) the baby”)
4
speckled bird
brych
y fuches (qv) Motacilla alba =
pied wagtail (“(of) the milking fold”)
brych
y cae (qv) Prunella modularis =
hedge sparrow (“(of) the field”)
brych
y coed (qv) Turdus viscivorus =
mistle thrush (“(of) the wood”)
5
speckled fish; (county of Ceredigion) brych y dail = sea trout (“trout (of) the
leaves”)
ETYMOLOGY: See brych (adjective) – the noun was originally an
adjective
:_______________________________.
Brychdwn <BRƏKH-dun> [ˡbrəxdʊn]
1 (SS9270) locality in the county of Bro Morgannwg
English name: Broughton
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/374656
ETYMOLOGY: from the English name
:_______________________________.
Brycheiniog
<brə-KHEIN-yog> [brəˡxəɪnjɔg] (feminine noun)
1 old territory in the south-east “territory of Brychan”, Brychan +
-iog
:_______________________________.
bryd <BRIID> [briːd] masculine noun
PLURAL brydiau
<BRƏD-yai, -e> [ˡbrədjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 mind, intent
Brenhinoedd-1 8:17 Ac yr oedd ym mryd Dafydd fy nhad
adeiladu ty i enw Arglwydd Dduw Israel
Kings-1 8:17 And it was in the heart of David my father to build an house for
the name of the Lord God of Israel.
2
mind, intent
Wele'n sefyll
rhwng y myrtwydd / Wrthrych teilwng o'm holl fryd
/ Er o ran yr wy'n ei 'nabod
/ Ef uwchlaw gwrthrychau'r byd / Henffych fore! / Caf ei weled fel y mae (Cwm
Rhondda)
Behold standing among the myrtle trees / the worthy object of all my desire /
Though I know him but partially / over the objects of the world / Hail to the
morning! / I shall be able to see him as he is (from the hymn “Cwm Rhondda”)
3 bod â'ch bryd ar to wish to (do something)
Euthum i mewn i'r siop ddillad â'm bryd ar ddysgu rhai gwersi mewn steil
I went into the clothes shop wanting to learn some lessons about style
4
ei fryd yn rhedeg ar be inclined
towards
Ond ar y weinidogaeth y rhedodd ei fryd
yn bennaf but he was mostly inclined towards the ministry, he had his heart
set on being a minister of religion
5
mynd
â'ch bryd (“take your mind”) to interest
most of all, to fire someone (with interest), to be one's main interest
Uchelgais 'nhad oedd imi fod yn glerc
banc. Fues i 'rioed isho bod. Barddoniaeth oedd yn mynd
â 'mryd i.
My father wanted me to be a bank clerk. I never wanted to be. Poetry was what
interested me most
6 awyddfryd keenness, zeal
(awydd-, y = <ə> [ə], < awydd y = <i> [ɪ],
= desire) + soft mutation + (bryd = mind, intention)
Rhufeiniaid 8:19 Canys awyddfryd y
creadur sydd yn disgwyl am ddatguddiad meibion Duw
Romans 8:19 For the earnest expectation of the creature waiteth for the
manifestation of the sons of God.
Philipiaid 1:20 Yn ôl fy awyddfryd a'm
gobaith, na'm gwaradwyddir mewn dim, eithr mewn pob hyder, fel bob amser, felly
yr awron hefyd, y mawrygir Crist yn fy nghorff i, pa un bynnag ai trwy fywyd,
ai trwy farwolaeth.
Philippians 1:20 According to my earnest expectation and my hope, that in
nothing I shall be ashamed, but that with all boldness, as always, so now also
Christ shall be magnified in my body, whether it be by life, or by death.
7 mawrfrydig magnanimous
(mawr = great) + soft mutation + (bryd =
mind) + (-ig adjectival suffix)
8 rhyddfrydol
liberal
(rhydd
= free) + soft mutation + (bryd = mind) + (-ol adjectival suffix)
9
hyfryd
pleasant
(hy- = intensifying prefix ) +
soft mutation + (bryd = mind)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *bret-
From the same British root: Cornish brez
(= mind, intention)
From the same Celtic root: Irish breith
(= judgement, decision)
:_______________________________.
brygowthan
<brə-GOU-than> [brəˡgɔʊθan] verb
1 rant
2 brygowthan ar (rywun) go on at (somebody)
:_______________________________.
brygowthwr
<brə-GOU-thur> [brəˡgɔʊθʊr] m
PLURAL brygowthwyr <brə-GOUTH-wir> [brəˡgɔʊθwɪr]
1 ranter = person who rants, who talks in a noisy and excited manner
2
Brygowthwr ‘Ranter’ = one of a
movement in England around 1650 which rejected Predestination and believed in
Universal Salvation and liberation from all legal and moral restraints
ETYMOLOGY: (brygowth- stem of brygowthian = jabber, rant, talk
excitedly) +
(-i-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
bryn, PLURAL: bryniau <BRIN, BRƏN-yai,
-e> [brɪn,
ˡbrənjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 hill
bryn uchel a high hill, a big hill
bryn mawr a high hill, a big hill
bryn bach a low hill, a small hill
2 Element in house names and street names:
Delfryn
house name and street name
(in origin, a northern word) fair hill
(del = pretty, in northern Welsh) +
soft mutation + (bryn = hill)
Gwelfryn
(house name and street name) hill view
(gwêl = view) + soft mutation + (bryn =
hill)
Heulfryn (house name or street name)
sunny hill
(heul, tonic syllable form of haul) + soft mutation + (bryn =
hill)
(There is also an incorrect form Haulfryn)
Is-y-bryn (“below the hill”) street
name in Trefychan (county of Caerfyrddin) (“ Is Y Bryn”)
Is-y-bryniau (“below the hills”)
street name in Cwmllynfell (Castell-nedd ac Abertawe) (“Is-Y-Bryniau”)
Tai-ar-y-bryn street
name in Llanfair ym Muallt (Powys)
y tai ar y bryn
(“the houses on the hill”)
(y = definite article, the) + (tai = houses, plural of tŷ = house) + (ar = on) + (y = definite article, the) + (bryn = hill)
3 hirfryn long hill
(hir = long) + soft mutation + ( bryn =
hill)
Hirfryn
division (kúmmud / 'cwmwd') of Cantref Bychan, in Ystrad Tywi (South-west
Wales) Caerhirfryn
Lancaster, England (“(the) Roman fort (at) Hirfryn”)
4 gwynfryn white hill
“blessed hill” (gwyn- <ə> [ə], penult form of gwyn <i> [ɪ])
+ soft mutation + (bryn = hill)
5 used especially with names
of rivers flowing at the foot of the hill
..a/ Brynaman (“hill (overlooking the) Aman (river)”)
..........1) Village name (county of Carfyrddin) (Formerly Y Gwter-fawr, but
the station opened in 1864 on the Swansea Vale Railway was named “Brynamman”
..b/ Bryncynon (“hill (overlooking the) Cynon (river)”)
..........1) Street name in Hirwaun (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (“Bryncynon”)
..c/ Bryndulais (“hill (overlooking the) Dulais (river)”)
..........1) Farm name in Blaendulais / Seven Sisters (county of Castell-nedd
ac Aberafan) (“Bryndulais”)
..d/ Bryndyfi (“hill (overlooking the) Dyfi (river)”)
..........1) Former mine SN6893 near Y Ffwrnais (county of Ceredigion)
(“Bryndyfi”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/23482
..........2) street name in Dinas Mawddwy
(“Bryndyfi”)
..e/ Brynelwy (“hill (overlooking the) Elwy (river)”) (“Bryn
Elwy”)
..........1) Street name in Llanelwy / St. Asaph (county of Y Fflint)
..f/ Brynfyrnwy SJ2320 (“hill (overlooking the) Efyrnwy
(river)”) (“Bryn Vyrnwy”)
..........1) Name of a farm in name in Llansanffráid ym Mechain
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/568062
..g/ Bryngwenfro (“hill (overlooking the) Gwenfro (river)”)
(“Bryn Gwenfro”)
..........1) Street name in Tan-y-fron, Wrecsam
..h/ Bryn-gwy (“hill (overlooking the) Gwy / Wye (river)”)
(“Bryngwy”)
..........1) House (bungalow) name in Rhaeadr-gwy (Powys)
..i/ Brynhafren “(the) hill (overlooking the river)
Hafren” (“Severn” in English) (“Bryn Hafren”)
..........1) Street name in Crew Green (district of Maldwyn, county of Powys) (SJ3215)
..j/ Bryn-lliw
“(the) hill (overlooking the river) Lliw” (bryn = hill) + (Lliw)
..........1) locality in the
county of Caerfyrddin
..k/ Brynogwen “(the)
hill (overlooking the river) Ogwen” (bryn = hill) + (Ogwen)
..........1) street in Bangor in
the county of Gwynedd
..l/ Bryn-taf (“turó (damunt del riu) Taf”)
street name
..........1) Aber-fan (county of Merthyrtudful) (“Bryntaf”)
..........2) Cefncoedycymer (county of Merthyrtudful) (“Bryntaf”)
..m/ Brynteifi
(SN4539) “(the) hill (overlooking the river) Teifi” (bryn = hill) + (Teifi river name)
..........1) locality in the
county of Caerfyrddin
..n/ Brynystwyth “(the) hill
(overlooking the river) ystwyth” (bryn = hill) + (Ystwyth river name)
..........1) street name in
Penparcau, Aberystwyth (county of Ceredigion)
6
arianfryn silver hill, silvery hill
Arianfryn House name, Y Bermo
(county of Gwynedd)
(arian = silver ) + soft mutation +
( bryn = hill)
bryn occurs curiously without the definite article in some names with
the name of a tree. Although the linking definite article is often omitted in
place names, any soft mutation caused will remain.
Thus in the
following names, there is nothing particularly surprising, as the qualifying
element doed not have an initial soft-mutable consonant:
Brynhelygen
(Pendeulwyn, Bro Morgannwg) (instead of bryn yr helygen) (“willow hill”)
Brynonnen (instead
of bryn yr onnen) (“ash hill”)
But these do, and there is no trace of the soft mutation:
Brynderwen (qv) (instead of bryn dderwen, bryn y dderwen) (“oak
hill”)
Brynbedwen (instead of bryn fedwen, bryn y fedwen) (“birch hill”)
7 Moelfryn <MOIL-vrin> [ˡmɔɪlvrɪn] “bare hill”
(moel = bare, treeless) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill)
A hill SN9372 in Glyn Gwy / the Wye valley near Sant Harmon
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=245201 map
:_______________________________.
Y Bryn 03
<ə BRIN> [ə
ˡbrɪn]
1 short name for place names with bryn as the main element
Y Bryn
= Brynaman
2
official name of certain places which in all likelihood were originally longer
names
(1) Y Bryn
SN5400 locality in Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
(2) Y Bryn
SS8192 locality in Castell-nedd ac Aberafan (from ?Bryngyrnos, hill of the
little
piles of stone. The main street is Heol Bryngurnos (“Bryngurnos Street” on English
maps) )
(3) Y Bryn
SO2985 locality in southern Shropshire, England, 5km north of Colunwy (“Clun” in
English)
(4) Y Bryn
locality by Y Fenni, county of Mynwy
(5) Y Bryn
locality in Pont-llan-fraith, county of Caerffili
ETYMOLOGY: “the hill” (y definite
article) + (bryn
= hill)
:_______________________________.
Brynach <BRƏ-nakh> [ˡbrənax] (masculine noun)
1 man's name
:_______________________________.
Bryn Amlwg
<brin AM-lug> [brɪn
ˡamlʊg]
1
hill name .
Castell Bryn Amlwg SO1684 a castle site just over the border in
Shropshire, England, near the English village of Anchor
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/802128 map
“exposed
hill” (bryn = hill) + (amlwg
= prominent visible, evident; bare, open, exposed)
:_______________________________.
Bryn Athyn <brin AA-thin> [brɪn
ˡɑˑθɪn]
1 place name, Pennsylvania, dating from around 1890.
Bryn Athyn, in the
eastern part of Montgomery County in Pennsylvania, was the centre of a
Swedenborgan community, and was not known as an area of Welsh settlement. The
name is said to be ‘Hill of Cohesion’. The word ‘athyn’ though, although found in some dictionaries, has
never in fact been used in Welsh.
When names were being sought for this new village, Bishop William F Pendleton
was not satisfied with any of the suggestions that had been made. He mentioned
to a Mr S H Hicks that he liked Welsh names, and it happened that Mr Hicks had
been born in Wales. Mr Hicks bought a Welsh Dictionary for the bishop, who set
to work to find something that would suggest unity, and he found the words ‘bryn’ for hill (which he probably knew from the name
‘Bryn
Mawr’ by Philadelphia in the same state) and ‘athyn’, meaning ‘tenacious, cohesive, pulling’.
Unfortunately the dictionary was William Owen Pughe’s Dictionary of the Welsh
Language - one of the most comprehensive dictionaries in any language for its
date (c 1800, and reprinted in 1832). But many words in this dictionary,
supposedly gleaned from the works of medieval poets and the spoken language,
were invented forms.
And one such was ‘athyn’, which he had concocted from the word ‘tynnu’ (=
to pull). So Pennsylvania has a unique Welsh place name.
(Information from the article “Welsh Place-Names in Southeastern Pennsylvania”
/ Ruth L. Pearce, Bryn Mawr College)
NOTE: See (1) Owen
Pughe, William, (2) athyn
:_______________________________.
brynau
<BRƏ-nai, -e> [ˡbrənaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 Incorrect spelling for brynnau,
plural (southern form) of bryn = hill.
The standard form is bryniau
:_______________________________.
Brynbedwen <brin-BED-WEN> [brɪnˡbɛdwɛn]
1 farm name, house
name
..a/ Farm in Trefeglwys (Powys)
(1841 Census) (“Edward
BENNETT and family, farmer, in residence”)
..b/ House name, Heol
Aber-dâr, Aberpennar (Rhondda Cynon Taf)
..c/ place in
Llan-rug, metnioned on the Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru / National Library of
Wales website (Llythyr oddi wrth John Jones, Brynbedwen, Llanrug, at ei
ŵyr, John Griffith Jones tra'r oedd yn ymladd yn Rhyfel Cartref America, 1
Medi 1863 a letter from John Jones, Brynbedwen, Llan-rug, to his grandson
John Griffith Jones while he was fighting in the American Civil War, 1
September 1863)
ETYMOLOGY: bryn bedwen “(the)
hill (of) (the) birch tree, birch hill”
(bryn = hill) + (bedwen =
birch tree), though one would expect the name to be
bryn fedwen < bryn y fedwen “(the) hill (of) the birch tree,
birch hill”
(bryn = hill) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (bedwen = birch tree),
:_______________________________.
Brynberllan <brin-BER-lhan> [brɪnˡbɛrɬan]
1 House name in
Pwllheli (county of Gwynedd)
(spelt as “Bryn Berllan”).
ETYMOLOGY: bryn y berllan “(the)
hill (of) the orchard, orchard hill”
(bryn = hill) + (y definite
article) + soft mutation + (perllan = orchard)
NOTE: In place names a linking
definite article is often omitted: bryn y berllan > bryn berllan
:_______________________________.
Brynbuga <brin BII-ga> [brɪnˡbiˑga] (feminine noun)
1 SO3700 Town, south-east Wales. In English, Usk
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/142269
:_______________________________.
Bryncelyn <brin-KEE-lin> [brɪnˡkeˑlɪn]
1 SJ 1876 locality in the
county of Y Fflint, 1km north of Treffynnon (on English-language maps misspelt
as Bryn Celin)
2 SH6079 locality by
Llangoed in the county of Môn
3 street names:
...(1) street name in Maes-teg (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
...(2) street in Llwynbrwydrau (county
of Abertawe)
...(3) street in Pontardawe (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘(the) hill (of) the hollies’, holly hill; (bryn = hill) + (y definite article) + (celyn =
hollies)
:_______________________________.
Bryndedwydd ‹brin-DEE-duidh› [brɪnˡdeˑdwɪð]
1 house name in Dolgellau (county of Gwynedd) (in the list of members in
“The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)
2 street name in Dinbych / Denbigh
3 house name in Penmaen-mawr, Conwy
4 House name in Tywyn, Gwynedd
ETYMOLOGY:
(“happy hill”) (bryn = hill) + (dedwydd = happy)
:_______________________________.
Brynderwɛn
<brin-DER-wen> [brɪnˡdɛrwɛn]
1
house name
2 as a street name or part of a street name
Brynderwen, Abergele (Conwy),
LL22 ("Bryn Derwen")
Brynderwen, Caerfyrddin, SA31 (“Brynderwen”)
Brynderwen, Cilfynydd, Pont-y-pridd (Rhondda Cynon Taf), CF37 (“Brynderwen”)
Brynderwen, Cwm-dâr, Aber-dâr, (Rhondda Cynon Taf) CF44 (“Brynderwen”)
Brynderwen, Mynyddisa, Yr Wyddgrug (Y Fflint) CH7 ("Bryn Derwen")
Brynderwen, Pontardawe, Abertawe, SA8 ("Bryn Derwen")
Brynderwen, Radur, Caer-dydd, CF15 ("Bryn Derwen")
Brynderwen, Sgeti, Abertawe, SA2 ("Bryn Derwen")
Brynderwen, Talgarth, Aberhonddu, Powys, LD3 (“Brynderwen”)
Brynderwen, Ynys-ddu, Casnewydd, NP11 (“Brynderwen”)
Clos Brynderwen, Caer-dydd, CF23 (“Brynderwen Close”)
Clos Brynderwen, Cilfynydd, Pont-y-pridd (Rhondda Cynon Taf), CF37 (“Brynderwen
Close”)
Cwrt Brynderwen, Glynrhedynnog, (Rhondda Cynon Taf), CF43 (“Brynderwen Court”)
Heol Brynderwen, Canewydd, NP19 (“Brynderwen Road”)
Heol Brynderwen, Cilfynydd, Pont-y-pridd, (Rhondda Cynon Taf), CF37
(“Brynderwen Road”)
Heol Brynderwen, Rhydaman, county of Caerfyrddin, SA18 ("Bryn Derwen
Road")
Heol Brynderwen, Tonypandy (Rhondda Cynon Taf), CF40 (“Brynderwen Road”)
Llwyn Brynderwen, Casnewydd, NP19 (“Brynderwen Grove”)
Rhes Brynderwen, Tal-y-sarn, Caernarfon, Gwynedd, LL54 ("Bryn Derwen
Terrace")
ETYMOLOGY: bryn derwen (“oak hill”) (bryn = hill) + (derwɛn
= oak tree)
One might have expected bryn y dderwen “(the) hill (of) the oak tree”;
:_______________________________.
Brynderwyn <brin-DER-win> [brɪnˡdɛrwɪn]
1 place name in New Zealand
2 house name in Llan-daf, Caer-dydd
ETYMOLOGY: The spelling derwyn is probably used for derwin, possibly
to give it a more archaic appearance
(“oak hill”) y bryn derwin
(y definite article, the) + (bryn = hill) + (derwin = (topography)
abounding in oak trees; (wooden object) made of oak).
NOTE: In a reference to the Lewis family in Llan-daf (Fox-Davies, Arthur
Charles. Armorial Families: A Directory of Some Gentlemen of Coat-Armour,
Showing Which Arms in Use at the Moment are Borne by Legal Authority.
London, England and Edinburgh, Scotland: T.C. & E.C. Jack, 1899)
Son of Evan Lewis, Esquire, J. P., of Brynderwyn, Llandaff, Cardiff, born 18
— ;…. married 1868, Annie, daughter of W. Robinson of Cheltenham: —
Lewis, Gentleman… Residence: New Zealand.
Query: Is this the source of the New Zealand place name?
NOTE: On a gravestone in the churchyard of Betws Aeddan (Addan’s church) in
Betwsnewydd (county of Mynwy), William Bruce, died 18 March 1844:
In memory of the / Revd William Bruce MA / of Brynderwyn / late Canon Residentiary of Llandaff
Cathedral / He died at Brynderwyn March xxviii. mdcccxciv / Aged lxvii /
"Until the day break and the shadows flee away"
http://www.cefnpennar.com/betnew/staeddan.htm
(inscriptions on gravestones in all the counties of Wales)
:_______________________________.
bryn dioddef
<brin di-OO-dhev > [brɪn
dɪˡoˑðɛv]
1 gallows hill, hill where criminals were hanged
2 Bryn
Dioddef (or Bryn Diodde) A hill in Castellnewydd Emlyn (county of Caerfyrddin).
English name: Adpar Hill
Bryndioddef (or Bryndiodde) SN3141 The name of a hamlet by this hill (settlement names are best spelt as a single word) (on Ordance Survey map as Bryndioddef”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/919376
3 (formerly) Bryn
Dioddef (or Bryn Diodde), Aberystwyth
In 1799 a bathhouse was built on what today is the promenade, by Bryn Diodde.
The Marine
Terrace, happily disposed along the shore of one of those little bights or bays
that indent the coast between the Castle point and Constitution Hill, follows
the curvature of the bay, one extreme resting on the rocky skare at the end of
Pier Street called the Weeg, the other terminating at that on which the Marine
Baths are built, near Bryn Diodde.
New Guide to Aberystwith and its Environs; Third edition, 1858. Thomas Owen Morgan, Esq.
ETYMOLOGY: “hill (of) suffering” (bryn = hill) + (dioddef = to suffer)
NOTE: a final [v] is not pronunced in modern spoken Welsh, though the literary langauge retains it, and place names are spelt in most cases according to their form in the literary language rather than to reflect the local pronunciation.
Thus dioddef > diodde
:_______________________________.
Bryn-dŵr
<brin-DUUR> [brɪnˡduːr]
1 Name of a district in Christchurch, New Zealand. The New Zealand
name is spelt Bryndwr and is
pronounced in English as <BRIN-dwə> [ˡbrɪndwə]
A Welsh
emigrant by the name of Charles Jeffreys from Glandyfi gave the name to his
property which was situated by the side of a creek
ETYMOLOGY: “bryn
y dŵr” ('(the) hill (of) the water / the stream')
NOTE: (From a genealogy forum) “I am a descendant of Robert and Charles
Jeffreys who came to New Zealand in 1853 and bought up a large parcel of land
which they called Bryndwr, in Christchurch. All streets were given Welsh names
- Idris, Snowden, Garreg, Glandovey (from Glandyfi) and of course there's
Jeffreys Rd that cuts right across Bryndwr. All these places remain today and
Bryndwr is a suburb of Christchurch”.
http://genforum.genealogy.com/jeffreys/messages/471.html
:_______________________________.
Bryn-drain
<brin-DRAIN> [brɪnˡdraɪn] (feminine noun)
1 suburb of Caer-dydd (Thornhill)
Amlosgfa Bryn-drain
Thornhill Crematorium
In fact, this is not the correct Welsh name for the area, but rather a direct
translation of the English name.
Bryn-drain is bryn y drain “(the) hill (of) the hawthorn bushes”,
thus supposing that the English name Thornhill means “the hill of the hawthorn
trees” rather than “the hill of the (single) hawthorn tree”
In 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911) (John Hobson Matthews, Mab Cernyw) notes Draenen
Pen y Graig (the thorn-tree at the top of, or the end of, the rock or the
rocky ridge), and the short form Y Ddraenen (“the hawthorn tree”)
DRAENEN-PEN-Y-GRAIG (the thorn-tree at the end of the rock.)
A place near the northern boundary of Senghenydd and Roath Keynsham
(1702.) In 1798 "Y Drainen" was described as "being the known
and ancient boundary between the parishes of Eglwysilan and Llanishen."
"Thorntree Hill" is an eminence on the Cefn range.
“Thornhill” would seem to be a reduction of “Thorntree Hill”. (However,
this is skating on thin ice – more information and other examples of the names
are needed)
The English name could be an adaptation of the Welsh name, or it could have
come about independently in English for this distinctive boundary marker.
Such a name as Draenen Pen y Graig would suppose that there was another
distinctive thorn bush in the area, and it was necessary to describe their
location to distinguish between them.
The “craig” here is Graig Llanisien
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/441298 Graig Llanisien
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/443135 Graig Llanisien
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/441278
Heol Draenen Pen y Graig / Thornhill Road
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/87768
caeau ger Draenen Pen y Graig / fields near Thornhill
(“The Geograph British
Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and
information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
:_______________________________.
Bryneithin <brin-EI-thin> [brɪnˡəɪθɪn]
1 street name in
Porthtywyn / Burry Port (county of Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen)
(spelt as “Bryneithin”).
See also Brynyreithin
ETYMOLOGY: bryn yr eithin “(the)
hill (of) the furze / gorse”
(bryn = hill) + (yr definite
article) + (eithin = furze, gorse)
NOTE: In place names a linking
definite article is often omitted: bryn yr eithin > bryn eithin
(delw 7066)
eithin / gorse
:_______________________________.
Brynfa <BRƏN-va> [ˡbrənva]
1 house name in
Bangor (county of Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill place”
(bryn- penult form of bryn
= hill) + (-fa suffix = place)
:_______________________________.
Brynfab
<BRƏN-vab> [ˡbrənvab]
1 Thomas Williams, born in Cwmaman, Aber-dâr (1848-1927), poet and
writer, farmed most of his life in Eglwysilan by Caerffili, author of “Pan
oedd Rhondda’n bur” (1912) (“when the Rhondda was pure” - an account of the
valley before industrialisation)
See Clic y Bont (a group of poets
and musicians from Pont-y-pridd)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘son of the hill / hills’ (query - because he was from “Y Bryniau /
Y Brynna” – “the hills”, which was the name formerly given to the uplands of
Morgannwg?)
(bryn- <ə> [ə] < bryn = hill) + soft mutation
+ (mab = son)
:_______________________________.
Y Bryn-glas <brin-GLAAS> [brɪnˡglɑːs]
1 street name in Rhuthun (Dinbych county) (“Bryn Glas”)
ETYMOLOGY: y bryn glas “(the) green hill”
:_______________________________.
Bryn-grug <brin-GRIIG> [brɪnˡgriːg]
1 house name
ETYMOLOGY: bryn y grug “(the) hill (of) the heather”
:_______________________________.
Y Bryn-gwyn ‹brin-GWIN› [brɪnˡgwɪn]
1 village SO1849 in Maesyfed, Powys.
Named after a hill north-west of the village, Y Bryn Gwyn SO1750. Height 466 metres. On English-language maps in the tautological form “Bryngwyn Hill”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1849
ETYMOLOGY: y bryn gwyn “(the) white hill”
:_______________________________.
Bryngwran <brin-GUU-ran> [brɪnˡguˑran] (feminine noun)
1 village, north-west
:_______________________________.
Bryn Hedydd <brin HEE-didh> [brɪnˡheˑdɪð]
1 place name “hill of the skylark / lark hill” (Alauda arvensis)
Ysgol Gynradd Bryn
Hedydd Name of a primary school in Y
Rhyl
(county of Dinbych,
North Wales)
ETYMOLOGY: bryn
yr ehedydd;
(bryn
= hill) + (yr = definite article) +
(ehedydd
= skylark); (1) in names of the type “qualified noun + definite article +
qualifying noun” the omission of the article is common in place names; (2) hedydd is ehedydd
with the loss of the first syllable. This loss of a first syllable especially
with nouns is common in Welsh
:_______________________________.
Brynhedydd <brin-HEE-didh> [brɪnˡheˑdɪð]
1 (LL57 3HR) (“Brynhedydd”) Street name in Bangor
ETYMOLOGY: See former entry
:_______________________________.
Y Brynheulog <brin-HEI-log> [brɪnˡhəɪlɔg]
1 house name
House in Brynna (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
2 Brynheulog street name
(1) Aberpennar ST0499 (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(2) Yr Eglwysnewydd, Caer-dydd
(3) Heol-y-cyw
SS9484 (county of Pen-y-bont
ar Ogwr)
(4) Llanharan ST0083(county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(5) Pen-twyn,
Caer-dydd
(6) Y Ton-du SS8984 (county
of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
(7) Treherbert (county
of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(8) Ystradgynlais
SN7810 (county of Powys)
3 village name
(1) hamlet (county of
Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) west of the villages of Bryn-cae / Llanharan (county of
Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(2) SS8594 hamlet next to Caerau (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS8594
map
ETYMOLOGY: y bryn
heulog = the sunny hill
(y = definite article) + (bryn =
hill) + (heulog = sunny)
NOTE: Compare the Occitan name Clarmont
(“light hill”), which seems to have the same meaning
:_______________________________.
Bryn-hydd
<brin-HIIDH> [brɪnˡhiːð]
1 house name in Bangor (Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: bryn yr hydd “(the) hill (of) the stag”, “stag hill”
(bryn = hill) + (yr definite article) + (hydd = stag)
The linking
definite article is often omitted in place names: bryn yr hydd > bryn hydd
:_______________________________.
Y Brynhyfryd <ə brin
HƏV-rid> [ə brɪn ˡhəvrɪd]
1 house name
2 street name in Rhosllannerchrugog (county of Wrecsam)
3 locality SS6595 in Abertawe
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS6595 map
ETYMOLOGY: the pleasant hill; mount pleasant
(y = definite article) + (bryn =
hill) + (hyfryd
= pleasant)
:_______________________________.
Bryniau Clwyd <BRƏN-yai, -ye,
KLUID> [ˡbrənjaɪ,
-ɛ, ˡklʊɪd] (plural noun)
1 Clwydian Range, hills in the north-east from Llandegla yn Iâl at
their southern end to Prestatyn in the north, on the coast. The highest
peak is Moel Famau SJ1662 (554 metres)
An alternative name for Bryniau Clwyd is Moelydd Clwyd (moel =
bare hill)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/269781 Moel Famau
(delw 7212)
ETYMOLOGY: (bryniau = hills) + (Clwyd = river name) “(the) hills (of)
(the) (river) Clwyd”
:_______________________________.
Bryniau’r Cymry
<BRƏN-yair, -yer,
KƏM-ri> [ˡbrənjaɪr, -jɛr,
ˡkəmrɪ]
1 The Welsh name of Welsh Hills, a former Welsh settlement in
Granville, Licking County, Ohio.
Pan gyrhaeddodd y cŵch Newark, yr
oedd yn tywyllu nos Iau. Derbyniwyd ni gan y Cymry yno yn garedig. Aeth
fy nghyfeillion i'r wlad, llettyais inau yn y dref. Aethym gydâ chyfaill i
ymweled â hwynt dranoeth. Gorphwysasom y diwrnod hwnw, a theimlem ein hunain yn
flinedig iawn. Tranoeth, buom yn cadw society
yn Nghapel Saron ar Fryniau y Cymry. Dydd Sul, y 23ain, pregethodd y Brodyr
yno am 10 a 2; ac am 6 yn Newark, yn Nghapel y Bedyddwyr Seisonig, (Y
Cyfaill o’r Hen Wlad yn America, Cyfrol 3, 1840, page 140)
When the boat reached Newark, dusk was falling on Thursday night. We were
kindly received by the Welsh people there. My friends went to the country, I
for my part lodged in the town. We went with a friend to visit them the next
day. We rested that day and we felt very tired. The next day, we held a chapel
meeting in Saron Chapel on the Welsh Hills. On Sunday, the 23rd, the
Brethren preached at 10 and at 2; and at 6 in Newark, in the English-language
Baptist Chapel.
NOTE: The settlement was founded by Thomas Philipps and his associate
Theophilus Rees. They had arrived with their families from Wales in 1795 and
had settled for a short time in
Beulah near Ebensburg, Cambria County, Pennsylvania. Thomas Philipps was born
in 1735 in Llandeilo, county of Caerfyrddin (English: Carmarthen), and died
aged 77 / 78 on May 20, 1813 in Welsh Hills. The land, some two thousand
acres in extent, was purchased from Sampson Davis, a Welshman of Philadelphia,
who held some 3,000 acres in what is now the northeast quarter of Granville
Township. In 1801 John Rees, son of
Theophilus Rees, settled there to erect a cabin and to clear some of the land
for cultivation, in preparation for the arrival of members of the family, who
arrived in 1802.
Information 12 09 2002 at
www.geocities.com/welshfolk
Theophilus Rees was one of the nine charter members who founded the Particular
Baptist Church of Granville on September 4, 1808
Information 12 09 2002 at
www.carthage.lib.il.us/community/churches/primbap/FamHist-LickingOH.html
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hills (of) the Welsh (people)”
(bryniau = hills, plural of bryn =
hill) + (y definite article, the) +
(Cymry = Welshmen, Welsh people)
:_______________________________.
Bryn-lliw
<brin-LHIU> [brɪnˡɬɪʊ]
1 locality in the county of Abertawe
..1961: population: 4.063; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 53%
..1971: population: 3.810; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 41%
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill (overlooking the river) Lliw” (bryn = hill) + (Lliw)
2 Cf Pont-lliw (SN6101)
locality in the county of Abertawe, 3km south-east of Pontarddulais
(pont = bridge) + (Lliw river name )
:_______________________________.
Brynllongwr
<brin-LHONG-UR> [brɪnˡɬɔŋʊr]
1 housing development in Y Barri (“Bryn Llongwr”)
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently a recent name c. 2003 - bryn y llongwr “(the) hill
(of) the mariner” (bryn = hill) + (y definite article) + (llongwr = sailor, mariner)
:_______________________________.
Bryn-llwyd <brin-LHUID> [brɪnˡɬʊɪd]
1 house name
..a/ house in Porthaethwy
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/369099 Bryn-llwyd
ETYMOLOGY: y bryn llwyd “the grey hill” (y definite article) + (bryn =
hill) + (llwyd = grey, brown)
:_______________________________.
Bryn-mair
<brin-MAIR> [brɪnˡmaɪr]
1 street name in Merthyrtudful
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill (of) Mary”, “Mary’s hill” (bryn = hill) + (Mair = Mary)
:_______________________________.
Brynmelyn <brin-MEE-lin> [brɪnˡmeˑlɪn]
1 farm 1km south-east of Pen-rhiw-fawr SN7410 (county of
Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
ETYMOLOGY: y bryn
melyn
“the yellow hill” (y = the) + (bryn =
hill) + (melyn
= yellow)
:_______________________________.
Y Brynna <ə BRƏ-na> [ə
ˡbrəna]
1 See Y Brynnau
:_______________________________.
Y Brynnau <ə-BRƏ-nai,
-e> [əˡbrənaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 village in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf, south-east Wales
SS9883
The local name (which is also the official name) is Brynna (in the south-east, a final –au becomes <a> [a])
ETYMOLOGY: ‘the hills’
Apparently from the name of the nearby hills called Brynnau Gwynion ‘white hills’
(the local
name would be ‘Brynna Gwynnon’)
:_______________________________.
brynnau
<BRƏ-nai, -e> [ˡbrənaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 plural (southern form) of bryn = hill. The standard form is bryniau
Coed y Brynnau wood north-east of
Rhuthun (county of Bro Morgannwg).
The local pronunciation would be Cood y
Brynna <kood
ə BRƏ-na> [koːd ə ˡbrəna]
:_______________________________.
Brynoffa
<brin-OO-fa> [brɪnˡoːfa]
(1) street name in Rhosllannerchrugog SJ2946 (county of Wrecsam)
(2) street name in Coed-poeth SJ2851 (county of Wrecsam)
(3) name of a district on the western side of Rhos-ddu SJ3351 (county of
Wrecsam) and also a street name here
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/622605
(4) Lôn
Brynoffa (Bryn Offa Lane), Argoed / New Brighton, Sir y Fflint
ETYMOLOGY: ‘the hill of Offa’ (bryn = hill) + (Offa).
The meaning is rather ‘(the) hill (overlooking) Offa’s Dyke’ – “bryn Clawdd
Offa”.
Offa was king (757-796) of the Anglian kingdom of Mercia, and according to
tradition had an earthern bank and ditch constructed to serve as a demarcation
line between his kingdom (which was made up of lands conquered from the Welsh
by the Mercians) and the territory still in the hands of the Welsh.
1300 years later the ditch still exists, and it is still known as Clawdd Offa, the ditch of Offa (in
English Offa’s Dyke)
:_______________________________.
Brynogwy <brin-OO-gui> [brɪnˡoːgʊɪ]
1 “(the) hill (overlooking the) Ogwy (river)”
In the village of Nant-y-moel (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) there is “Brynogwy Terrace”
(which would be simply Brynogwy, or Rhestr Brynogwy, in Welsh)
ETYMOLOGY: (bryn
= hill) + (Ogwy
river name)
Ogwy
is a fanciful name for the river Ogwr
(Og- first syllable of the river
name Ogwr) + (-wy, a supposed suffix
meaning ‘water’.)
See the entry gwy
(= water) for more examples of fanciful river names with a final -wy
:_______________________________.
Bryn’refail
<brin-REE-vail, .vel> [brɪnˡreˑvaɪl,
-ɛl]
1 SH5662 locality in the county of Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH5662?by=class map
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/536559
bythynnod / cottages
ETYMOLOGY: (bryn
+ ’r + efail) < bryn
yr efail “(the) hill (of) the smithy”
(bryn
= hill) + (yr = the) + soft mutation
+ (gefail = smithy)
:_______________________________.
Bryn Saith
Marchog <brin-saith-MAR-khog> [brɪn saɪθ ˡmarxɔg]
1 SJ0750 hamlet in Sir Ddinbych, south-east of Corwen
A Topographical Dictionary of Wales
/ Samuel Lewis / 1849
“Near Gwyddelwern there is a place called
Bryn Saith Marchog, from its being the spot where Owain Glyndwr surprised Reginald
de Grey and seven knights, whom he made prisoners”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/563180
ETYMOLOGY: bryn y saith marchog “(the) hill (of) seven horsemen /
knights”
(bryn
= hill) + (y = the) + (saith =
seven) + (marchog = horseman,
knight)
But since saith (seith in Middle Welsh) can also mean “saint”, there is the possiblity that Saith Marchog is “Saint Marchog”
:_______________________________.
Bryn Seion
<brin-SEI-on> [brɪnˡsəɪɔn]
1 Mount Zion, the hill on which the city of Jerusalem stands
2
chapel name
...(1) Bryn
Seion name of a Congregationalist church, now interdenominational, founded
in June 1884 at Beavercreek, Oregon, USA, (17 miles south-east of Portland),
and considered to be the oldest Welsh chapel on the west coast
http://www.wapnw.org/brynseion.htm
...(2) Heol Bryn
Seion street name in Rhymni (county of Caerffili)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill (of) Zion” (bryn = hill) + (Seion = Zion).
Bryn
Seion may be a translation of English “mount Zion”.
The word bryn
(= hill) has replaced mynydd (= mountain) – in the Welsh Bible the
expression is always mynydd Seion.
Eseia 8:18 Wele fi a’r plant a roddes yr
Arglwydd i mi, yn arwyddion ac yn
rhyfeddodau yn Israel; oddi wrth Arglwydd y
lluoedd, yr hwn sydd yn trigo
ym mynydd Seion
Isaiah 8:18 Behold, I and the children whom the LORD hath given me are for
signs and for wonders in Israel from the LORD of hosts, which dwelleth in mount
Zion.
NOTE: Sometimes there are chapels with the name Bryn Zion (qv).
The form Zion is from the English
Bible (in modern edtions of the Welsh Bible it is Seion; in older
editions it is Sion).
See Mynydd
Seion (= Mount Zion)
:_______________________________.
Brynseion
<brin-SEI-on> [brɪnˡsəɪɔn]
1 some chapel names so spelt, instead of with the elements separated
(Bryn
Seion)
2 street name, Solfach (Sir Benfro) (“Bryn Seion”)
ETYMOLOGY: See Bryn Seion
:_______________________________.
Brynsiencyn <brin-SHENG-kin> [brɪnˡʃɛŋkɪn]
1 village in the county of Môn ('hill of Siencyn')
:_______________________________.
Brynsiriol <brin-SIR-yol> [brɪnˡsɪrjɔl]
“merry hill”
1 house name
2 street name
..a/ Caerffili (“Bryn Siriol”)
..b/ Cimla, Castell-nedd
(county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (“Brynsiriol”)
..c/ Coed-poeth (county of
Wrecsam)
..d/ Dinbych
(“Bryn Siriol”)
..e/ Gwauncaegurwen (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (“Brynsiriol”)
..f/ Hirwaun (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (“Brynsiriol”)
..g/ Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin) (“Bryn Siriol”)
..h/ Llansanffráid ym Mechain, (SJ2120) (district of Maldwyn, county of Powys)
..i/ Pen-tyrch
(county of Caer-dydd)
(“Bryn Siriol”)
..j/ Ton-mawr (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (“Brynsiriol”)
..k/ Y Betws (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (“Bryn Siriol”)
..l/ Y Cymer (districte de Maldwyn, county of Powys) (“Bryn Siriol”)
..m/ Y Fflint (“Bryn Siriol”)
..n/ Y Trallwng (districte de Maldwyn, county of Powys) (“Brynsiriol”)
..o/ Yr Hengoed (county of Caerffili) (“Bryn Siriol”)
..p/ “Brynsiriol Road” Fforest-fach (county of Abertawe) This would be Heol
Brynsiriol in Welsh
ETYMOLOGY: “y bryn
siriol” the merry / pleasant hill
(y = definite article) + (bryn = hill) + (siriol = happy / merry / cheerful / pleasant)
Some of the examples spell the name as two words, others as one. In fact,
settlement names and street names resembling settlement names are written
together as one word, hence Bryn Siriol (name of a hill – though probably no such hill exists) > Brynsiriol (name of a house / houses named after such a
hill)
:_______________________________.
Brynteifi
<brin-TEI-vi> [brɪnˡtəɪvɪ]
1 (SN4539) locality in the county of Caerfyrddin
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill (overlooking the river) Teifi” (bryn = hill) + (Teifi river name)
:_______________________________.
Bryntirion ‹brin-TIR-yon› [brɪnˡtɪrjɔn]
1 (SS8880) locality in Pen-y-bont ar
Ogwr
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS8880
map
2 Bryntirion
Street name in
..a/ Bedwas (county of Caerffili) (“Bryntirion”)
..b/ Bethesda , Bangor (county of Gwynedd) (“Bryntirion”)
..c/ Biwmaris (county of Ynys Môn) (“Bryntirion”)
..d/ Caer-dydd
(“Bryntirion”)
..e/ Caerffili (county of Caerffili) (“Bryntirion”)
..f/ Clydach (county of Abertawe) (“Bryn Tirion”)
..g/ Coed-llai (county of Y Fflint) (“Bryntirion”)
..h/ Conwy (“Bryn Tirion Park”)
..i/ Corris (county of Gwynedd) (“Bryntirion”)
..j/ Dolgarrog, (county of Conwy) (“Bryn Tirion”)
..k/ Glan-y-pwll, Blaenau Ffestiniog (county of Gwynedd) (“Bryn Tirion”)
..l/ Henllan, (county of Dinbych) (“Bryntirion”)
..m/ Licswm (county of Y Fflint) (“Bryn Tirion”)
..n/ Pant-llwyd, Blaenau Ffestiniog (county of Gwynedd) (“Bryn Tirion”)
..o/ Pen-isa’r-waun (county of Gwynedd) (“Bryn Tirion”)
..p/ Pen-y-sarn (county of Ynys Môn) (“Bryntirion”)
..q/ Pontyberem (county of Caerfyrddin) (“Bryn Tirion”)
..r/ Rhewl, Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint) (“Bryntirion”)
..s/ Ynys-boeth, Aberpennar (county of Cynon Rhondda Taf) (“Bryntirion”)
Also an element in street names in these villages / towns:
Abergele (county of Conwy)
(“Bryntirion Terrace”)
Bagillt (county of Y Fflint) (“Bryntirion Road”)
Cricieth (county of Gwynedd)
(“Bryntirion Terrace”)
Cyffordd Llandudno (county of Conwy) (“Bryntirion Terrace”)
Dinbych
(county of Dinbych)
(“Bryntirion Terrace”)
Dowlais (county of Merthyrtudful)
(“Bryntirion Street”)
Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin) (“Bryntirion Terrace”)
Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll (county of Ynys Môn) (“Bryn Tirion Estate”)
Llangollen (county of Dinbych) (“Bryntirion Terrace”)
Llys-faen, Baecolwyn
(county of Conwy)
(“Bryntirion Terrace”)
Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (“Bryntirion Close”)
Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (“Bryntirion Hill”)
Pont-lliw (county of Abertawe) (“Bryntirion Road”)
Prestatyn (county of Y Fflint) (“Bryntirion Court”)
Prestatyn, (county of Y Fflint) (“Bryntirion Drive”)
Rhiwabon (county of Wrecsam) (“Bryntirion Terrace”)
Y Rhyl (county of Dinbych)
(“Bryntirion Avenue”)
ETYMOLOGY: “(y) bryn
tirion” : “(the) pleasant hill”
(bryn = hill) + (tirion = pleasant)
Names of villages / houses / streets with names which resemble names of house
are written as a single word
:_______________________________.
Brynwyn <BRƏN-win> [ˡbrənwɪn] (m)
1 male forename
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (bryn = hill) + (-wyn suffix for male names, soft-mutated form of gwyn = white; fair)
Other names
with –wyn with apparently elements from place names or geographic
features are: Caerwyn, Glynwyn, Rhydwyn
JONES - PHILLIPS. Sept 3rd,
at High-street, Baptist Church, Merthyr Tydfil,
by
the Rev. Emlyn DAVIES, B. A., B. D., B. Litt., T. Brynwyn JONES, Barclays
Bank;
E. V. to Gladys, daughter of Alderman F. A. PHILLIPS, J. P. and Mrs.
PHILLIPS,
"Lawrenny", Merthyr Tydfil.
Western Mail and South Wales News Thursday September 5th, 1935
http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/MONMOUTHSHIRE/2008-08/1217786986
:_______________________________
Bryn-y-môr <brin-ə-MOOR> [brɪnəˡmoːr]
1
name of a farm overlooking the Gwendraeth estuary, Cydweli
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) hill (of) the sea”), i.e. a hill looking onto the sea
(bryn = hill) + (y definite article) + (môr = sea)
This pattern of name is not usually given
to a hill itself, but to a dwelling – either a farmhouse or a house in a
village - situated on the slope of such a hill.
A similar house name is Bryn-y-don
(“(the) hill (of) the sea”), (bryn = hill) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (ton = sea; synechdochal use – the part
being used to refer to the whole – of the word ton = wave)
Names with bryn followed by the
name of a river are also very common, with the sense of a house on a hillside
with the view of a river on the valley floor – Bryn-taf, Brynystwyth,
Bryn-gwy, etc
:_______________________________
Brynyreithin <brin-ər-EI-thin> [brɪnərˡəɪθɪn]
1
name of a farm SJ1370 near Yr Afon-wen, county of Flintshire (“Bryn yr Eithin”
on the O.S. map)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/241257
map
(delw 7066)
eithin / gorse
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) hill (of) the gorse”, gorse hill) (bryn = hill) + (yr definite article)
+ (eithin = gorse)
See also Bryneithin
:_______________________________.
Bryn Zion
<brin-ZEI-on> [brɪnˡzəɪɔn]
1 chapel name; “Mount Zion”, the hill on which the city of Jerusalem
stands
(1) Bryn Zion Church, Mount Gilead (between Columbus and Mansfield, in Ohio)
403322N 0750404W
(2) Bryn
Zion Church, Mifflin (Iowa county, Wisconsin) 424952N 0902110W
(3) Bryn
Zion Cemetery, Kenton (Delaware) 391416N 0753912W
NOTE: A hybrid name. Seion is the
name of the hill in the Welsh Bible, and so Bryn Seion is the correct
presaent-day Welsh form.
Zion is the form found in the English
Bible (Older editions of the Welsh Bible have Sion).
See Bryn Seion
:_______________________________.
brys <BRIIS> [briːs] masculine noun
1 hurry, haste
Mae arno i frys I'm in a hurry
Beth yw'r brys mawr arnoch chi heddiw? Why
are you in such a hurry today? (“What is the big hurry on you”)
ar frys
hurriedly, in haste, hastily, quickly, rapidly
mewn brys
hurriedly, in haste, hastily, quickly, rapidly
ar frys
gwyllt in a mad rush (“on + haste +
wild”)
heb frys
without hurry, unhurriedly
Does dim brys
There’s no hurry
Uned
Ddamweiniau ac Achosion Brys Accident
and Emergency Unit (section of a hospital) (“unit (of) accidents and urgent
cases”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *brst-
Cf. Irish bras (= swift)
:_______________________________.
brys <BRIIS> [briːs] noun
adjunct
1 speedy, hurried, swift; = done in a short time
sosban frys,
plural sosbenni brys pressure cooker (“speedy saucepan”)
archeb frys rush order (“speedy
order”)
2 emergency = done at short notice
gwaith brys
emergency work
Mae angen gwneud gwaith brys ar yr argae
i gadw’r môr allan o’r pentref
There’s a need to do emergency work on the dyke to keep the see out of the
village
cymorth brys
emergency aid
dadl frys
PLURAL dadleuon brys emergency debate
3
rushing
yr oriau brys the
rush hours
ETYMOLOGY: see brys (noun)
:_______________________________.
brysio <BRƏ-sho> [ˡbrəʃɔ] (verb)
1 to hurry
:_______________________________.
Brython
<BRƏ-thon> [ˡbrəθɔn] m
PLURAL Brythoniaid
<brə-THON-yaid,
-yed> [brəˡθɔnjaɪd,
-ɛd]
1
Briton = member of the British branch of the Celtic peoples; proto-Welshman
yr Hen Frythoniaid the ancient
Britons
2
Welshman (used figuratively; the Britons being the ancestors of the Welsh)
Y Brython name of a magazine
..1/ (1853-1863) magazine edited by Robert Isaac Jones “Alltud Eifion” of
Porthmadog;
..2/ (1906-1939) another magazine of the same name founded by Hugh Evans for
the Welsh community in Liverpool, and later a Wales-wide publication
Cymdeithas y Brython society formed
by Michael Daniel Jones circa 1850 to assist Welsh people emigrating to the USA
(“the society of the Briton”)
Aelwyd
Brythoniaid y Graig “the ‘hearth’ of the Britons of the Rock”. (an aelwyd /
“hearth” is a meeting place for members of the Urdd Gobaith Cymru
organisation). Such a branch was set up by young Welsh soldiers stationed in
Gibraltar in the Second World War (Page 24 “Cerddi ac Atgofion Twm Bethel”, T H
Jones, 1976)
NOTE: Irish Breathnach (= Briton) is
from the Welsh word (+ the suffix -ach)
In Ireland, where there was a heavy settlement of Welsh troops who had been in
the pay of the English invaders, the epithet in Irish Breathnach has become a surname (anglicised as “Brannagh”; or
translated into English as “Walsh”, a form of “Welsh”)
:_______________________________.
Brythoneg
<brə-THOO-neg> [brəˡθoˑnɛg] feminine noun
1
British (= language); the Celtic language of the peoples who inhabited the
island of (Great) Britain until the invasions of the German peoples in the
fifth century
2
Welsh (= language). Sometimes used in this sense in the 1800s. And sometimes in
the form Brythonaeg <brə-THOO-naig> [brəˡθoˑnaɪg] through supposing that there was a
suffix -aeg meaning 'language'
rather than -eg, as a result of
misunderstanding the composition of the word Cymraeg (= Welsh language), and the influence of the word Hebraeg (= Hebrew language). Some
writers insisted on replacing -eg
with –aeg
Mae yn y brif-ddinas lawer o gannoedd o Gymry,
ond nid oes dros ugain, un amser, yn ymgyfarfod yn ystafell y Cymreigyddion;
mae cannoedd ohonynt yn rhy falch a choeglyd
i ymunaw â'u brodyr llafurus,
er cadw a choethi yr hen Frythonaeg Seren Gomer 1835. “Diffyg
Gwladgarwch yn Mhlith y Cymry,
ac Adfeiliad y Gymraeg”
There are in the capital city (= London) many hundreds of Welsh people, but
there are no more than twenty who meet in the room of the Cymreigyddion (= an
association for promoting interest in Welsh history and literature). Hundreds
of them are two conceited and affected to join their hardworking brothers to
maintain and refine the old British language (= Welsh)
Seren Gomer 1835 (“The Lack of Patriotism among the Welsh, and the Decay of the
Welsh Language”)
y Frythoneg = the British language
ETYMOLOGY: (Brython = Briton, person
who spoke British) + (-es, suffix
for forming nouns to indicate languages)
:_______________________________.
Brythoneg
<brə-THOO-neg> [brəˡθoˑnɛg] (adjective)
1 (language) British, proto-Welsh
:_______________________________.
Brythones
<brə-THOO-nes> [brəˡθoˑnɛs] feminine
noun
PLURAL Brythonesau
<brə-tho-NE-sai,
-e> [brəθɔˡnɛsaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 British woman = one of the British-speaking peoples who inhabited
the island of (Great) Britain until the invasions of the German peoples in the
fifth century
y Frythones = the British woman
2
(rarely) Welshwoman
3 Y Frythones = 'the
Welshwoman', women's magazine edited and published between 1878 and 1891 by
Cranogwen, pen-name of Sarah Jane Rees, 1839-1916 (died aged 76, 77), a poet
from Llangrannog, Ceredigion
ETYMOLOGY: (Brython = Briton, person
who spoke British) + (-es, suffix
for forming nouns to indicate females)
:_______________________________.
Brythonig
<brə-THOO-nig> [brəˡθoˑnɪg] adjective
1 British, Brittonic = referring to the Britons (this people, their
language, culture or land) who inhabitated the island of Britain until the
Germanic invasions ot the fifth century, and later split into isolated groups,
survivors of which at the present day are the Welsh, Cornish and Bretons
2
British, Brittonic - descended from the old Britons
Llydaw - ein chwaer wlad Frythonig
Brittany - our British sister country
ETYMOLOGY: (Brython = Briton, person
who speaks British) + (-ig, suffix
for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Brython
Rhufeinig <BRƏ-thon hri-VEI-nig> [ˡbrəθɔn
hrɪˡvəɪnɪg] (masculine noun)
1 Romanised Briton
:_______________________________.
brywedd-dy <brə-WEDH-di> [brəˡwɛðdɪ] masculine
noun
1 (South-east Wales)
See berwedd-dy
(brewhouse)
:_______________________________.
bryweddu <brə-WEE-dhi> [brəˡweˑðɪ] verb
1 (South-east Wales)
See berweddu (to brew)
:_______________________________.
Bsantísho?
<bsan-TI-sho> [bsanˡtɪʃɔ]
1 (Caernarfon, North-west
Wales) = Pa beth sydd arnat ti ei
eisiau? What do you need / require / want?
“Let them see how in their spoken Welsh the accent turns a sentence of many
words into a single word of one or two syllables... e.g. pa beth sydd arnat ti
ei eisieu? has become bsantísho”
T Hudson Williams (1873-1961), University College, Bangor / Vox Populi - A Plea
for the Vulgar Tongue
:_______________________________.
bu <BII> [biː] feminine
noun
1 cow, ox;
It does not exist as an independent word in modern Welsh, but it is found in
certain compound words and derivatives
(a) buarth farmyard (bu + garth = enclosure)
(b) buddel pillar, post (to which a
cow is tied in a cowhouse) (bu + delw = post, image, idol)
(c) Buellt district in Powys ‘cattle
pasture’ (bu + gwellt = grass, pasture)
(d) bugail shepherd (bu + an element related to cail = flock of sheep)
(e) bugloddio to turn up the ground
with horns (bu + cloddio = to dig)
______________________________________________________________
ETYMOLOGY:
(1)
Welsh bu- < British *bow- < Celtic < Indo-European *gwôus
In other Celtic languages, corresponding to Welsh bu < *bow:
(a) Cornish has
...(i) bu- in bugel (= herdsman), buorth (=
cattleyard), busel (= cattle dung);
...(ii) also bow- (= cow / cows) in
compound words – bowji (= cowshed), bowlann (= cowfold), bownder (= farm lane, etc)
(b) Breton has bu- in bugel (= child, originally herdsman), buorzh (= cattleyard), bugen (= cowhide)
(c) Irish bó (= cow);
______________________________________________________________
(2)
In Latin it is bôs / bovis (= cow),
from this comes English bovine,
Catalan bou, boví (= ox, bovine);
______________________________________________________________
(3)
Greek boûs
Also cf English butter < Old
English butere < Latin bûtyrum < Greek bouturon < bous (=
cow), turos (= cheese)
______________________________________________________________
(4)
In the Germanic languages from the same Indo-European word *gwôus: English cow (Old
English cû), German die Kuh (= cow), Dutch koe (= cow)
______________________________________________________________
(5)
Other languages from the same Indo-European word *gwôus: Armenian kov,
Latvian guovs, Sanskrit gâu
______________________________________________________________
Welsh buwch (= cow) was originally buch (the ‘w’ is a later development)
from British *boukk-â (British kk always becomes Welsh ch)
Welsh buwch corresponds to Cornish bugh (= cow) and Breton buoc’h (= cow) (originally buc’h -, the u in the Breton word has become a dipthong uo, in the same way that in Welsh u > uw)
______________________________________________________________
Cf English buglos [byúu-glos] (Anchusa officinalis) plant with rough
leaves, used in medicine < Latin buglossa
(bû-, stem of bôs = ox) + (glôssa =
tongue) = Greek bouglôssos;
Also English bugle < French <
Latin bûcul(us) (bû-, stem of bôs = ox) + (-culus,
diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
bu <BII> [biː] verb
1 ‘there has been’,
(third-person singular preterite of bod = to be)
Ni fu fawr byw wedi hynny He didn’t
live long after that
2 (he / she / it) has been
(third-person
singular preterite of bod = to be)
Grammadeg o iaith y Cymry / Grammar of the Welsh Language. William Spurrel. 1853. p.63
In South
Wales buais, bues, buo are often heard used for bum; and buodd
for bu
:_______________________________.
buais <BII-ais> [ˡbiˑaɪs] verb
1 1
I have been
(first-person
singular preterite of bod = to be)
Grammadeg o iaith y Cymry / Grammar of the Welsh Language. William Spurrel. 1853. p.63
In South
Wales buais, bues, buo are often heard used for bum; and buodd
for bu
:_______________________________.
buan <BII-an> [ˡbiˑan] (adj)
1 quick
2 Dyna fuan yr â’r amser heibio How time passes / flies! (“there’s fast
that goes the time by”)
3
Nid un foment yn rhy fuan Not a
moment too soon
:_______________________________.
buarth
<BII-arth> [ˡbiˑarθ] masculine
noun
PLURAL buarthau
<bi-AR-thai, -e> [bɪˡarθaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 farmyard = enclosed space in which farm buildings are situated,
often where hens roam freely
Steddfod y Buarth jocular name for
the agricultural show at Llanelwedd (since it is an annual event for the whole
of Wales like the National Eisteddfod) (“(the) eisteddfod (of) the farmyard”)
2
wy
buarth free-range egg (“egg {of the} farmyard”)
3
buarth dodefnod poultry run (hens,
geese, ducks)
4
yard in front of a building
buarth siop saer yard in front of a
carpenter’s workshop, buarth y siop saer
the yard in front of the carpenter’s workshop
buarth melin mill yard, yard in
front of a mill, buarth y felin the
mill yard, the yard in front of the mill
buarth ysgol school playground, buarth yr ysgol the school playground
ar fuarth yr ysgol in the school
playground
buarth chwarae playground
buarth tafarn yard of an inn, inn
yard; buarth y tafarn the yard of
the inn, the inn yard
5
obsolete cowfold, enclosure for
milking cows
6
obsolete enclosure for pigs, sheep,
goats, or other animals
buarth moch pig pen
7
obsolete pound for stray cattle
8
obsolete meeting place; meeting
9
(Place name) Y Buarth (“the
cowfold”), an area of Aberystwyth
Here there is Heol y Buarth (“Buarth Road”) and Coedybuarth (“Coed
y Buarth”) “(the) wood (of) Y Buarth”
ETYMOLOGY: (bu = cow) + soft
mutation + (garth = enclosure);
Cornish buorth (= cattle yard); (bu = cow) + soft mutation + (gorth = enclosure);
Welsh garth (= enclosure): Compare
Irish gort (= enclosure),
Latin hortus (= garden), seen also
in English "horticulture", "orchard", "cohort"
and "court".
Greek khortos (= enclosure), seen
also in English "chorus" / "choir" (enclosure for singing
and dancing).
Old Slavic gradu (= enclosure,
city), in Russian revived as –grad
to coin new city name (as in Leningrad, Stalingrad); and it is also the origin
of gorod (= city) and ogorod (= garden) in modern Russian. It
is probably a word taken into Old Slavic form the Germanic language of the
Slavs’ neighbours, the Ostrogoths.
:_______________________________.
buarthfa ‹bi-ARTH-va› [bɪˡarθva]
PLURAL buarthféydd
‹bi-arth-VEIDD› [bɪarθˡvəɪð]
1
cattle yard, cattle fold
Buarthfa (formerly?) a place in Llangrallo Uchaf / Coychurch Higher, south-east Wales
ETYMOLOGY: (buarth = cattle yard, cattle fold) + (-fa prefix = place)
:_______________________________.
buast ti <BI-as-ti> [ˡbɪastɪ] (verb)
1 you have been (North)
= buost ti
:_______________________________.
buchdraeth
‹bikh -draith› (f)
PLURAL buchdraethau
‹bikh- drei -the›
1
biography
This literary word was never in general use. An example of it is a book title
for the year 1888. Buchdraeth y
Parch. (Parchedig) John Mills, Llundain.
“(the) biography (of) the Reverend John Mills, London”
ETYMOLOGY: (buch-, first syllable of
buchedd = life) + soft mutation + (traeth = treatise, declaration,
narration). First occurrence of this word noted for the year 1818.
:_______________________________.
buches
‹bi -khes› feminine noun
PLURAL buchesau
‹bi-khe-se›
1 herd of cows
y fuches the herd
buches laeth herd of milch cows
ffermwr yn galw ar ei fuches o gae i'w
godro
the farmer calling his herd of cows from the field to milk them
buches arddyst
attested herd (i.e. certified free from specific deiseases, such as bovine TB)
2
milking-fold for cows (Scotland: loan);
Also in minor place names:
Y Fuches-wen ‹ə
vî-khes wen› = “the white milking-fold” (place near Ponterwyd village,
Ceredigion)
buches ddefaid fold where sheep are
milked
brith y fuches ‹briith ə VI-khes› “black-and-white bird of the milking
fold”. This is an alternative name for the siglen
wen (pied wagtail, Motacilla alba
ystemli)
ETYMOLOGY: (“group pf cows”) (buch-
= cow, an older form of buwch) + (-es = collective suffix).
The suffix is to be seen also in the word llynges
(= fleet, navy) < llong (= boat).
:_______________________________.
buchod ‹BI
khod› (npl)
1 cows; see buwch
:_______________________________.
budd, PLURAL: buddion / buddiau ‹BIIDH,
BIDH yon / BIDH ye› masculine noun
1 benefit, usefulness
2
bod o fudd mawr i be of great
benefit to, be very useful to, to be a great asset to, to be a great advantage
for
Mae ei gwybodaeth
o Gatalaneg o fudd mawr iddi
Her knowledge of Catalan is a great advantage for her
:_______________________________.
budd-dâl, PLURAL:
budd-daliadau ‹BIDH dal, bidh dal YA de›
(masculine noun) pension
budd-dâl analluedd ‹BIDH dal a na LHU edh›
(masculine noun) disablility pension / allowance / benefit
budd-dâl diweithdra ‹BIDH dal di WEITH dra›
(masculine noun) unemployment allowance / benefit
budd-dâl gwragedd gweddwon ‹BIDH dal
GWEDH won› (masculine noun) widow's pension / allowance / benefit
budd-dâl plant ‹BIDH dal PLANT›
(masculine noun) child allowance / benefit
budd-dâl salwch ‹BIDH dal SA lukh›
(masculine noun) sickness allowance / benefit
budd-dâl tai ‹BIDH dal TAI›
(masculine noun) rent allowance
:_______________________________.
buddel
‹bi -dhel› masculine noun
PLURAL buddelydd ‹bi-dhê-lidh›
1 pillar, post = post to which a cow is tied in a cowhouse
ETYMOLOGY: buddel < buddelw
”cow post” (bu = cow) + soft
mutation + (delw = stake, post;
image, idol)
:_______________________________.
buddiannau
‹bidh-ya-ne› adj
1 interests; plural form of buddiant
:_______________________________.
Buddug <BII-dhig> [ˡbiˑðɪg] (feminine noun)
1 woman's name (= Victory, Victoria, Boudicca / Boudecia)
ETYMOLOGY: (budd) + (-ig adjectival suffix) > buddig > buddug
:_______________________________.
buddugol <bi-DHII-gol> [bɪˡðiˑgɔl] (adjective)
1 victorious
ETYMOLOGY: (buddug = victory) +
(-ol adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
buddugoliaeth, PLURAL: buddugoliaethau <bi-dhi-GOL-yaith, -yeth,
bi-dhi-gol-YEI-thai, -e> [bɪðɪˡgɔljaɪθ,
-jɛθ, bɪðɪgɔlˡjəɪθaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 victory
y fuddugoliaeth the victory
ETYMOLOGY: (buddugol = victorious) + (-i-aeth noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
budr <BII-dir> [ˡbiˑdɪr] (adjective)
1 dirty (North)
Y Rhyd-fudr SN5967 Farm in Ceredigion.
“the dirty ford, the foul ford, the muddy ford”
(y
definite article) + (rhyd = ford) +
soft mutation + (budr = dirty)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=240735
2
great (South-east)
mewn taro budr (“miwn taro budur”)
(South-east Wales) in great haste
:_______________________________.
budreddi
<bi-DREE-dhi> [bɪˡdreˑðɪ] masculine
noun
1 filth
2
filth, smut = salacious material
Pam mae rhaid i ni wylio rhyw hen
fudreddi fel hyn ar y teli?
Why do we have to watch smut like this on TV?
3
filth, vice
ymdrybaeddu mewn budreddi wallow in
vice
4
pwll o fudreddi cesspool = filthy or
corrupt place (“pool of filth”)
ETYMOLOGY: (budredd = dirt, filth) +
(suffix -i)
:_______________________________.
budrelwa
<bi-DREL-wa> [bɪˡdrɛlwa] verb
1 profiteer
ETYMOLOGY: (budr- = dirty, foul,
filthy) + (elwa = profit)
:_______________________________.
Buellt <BII-elht> [ˡbiˑɛɬt] (feminine noun)
1 medieval territory, south-east Wales
2 Llanfair ym Muallt, originally Llanfair ym Muellt.
This is “(the) Llanfair (which is) in (the kántrev of) Buellt.
The English
name of what was the main settlement in the cantref is a garbled form of the
name of the cantref: Buellt > ‘Builth’ (and nowadays ‘Builth Wells’) <BI-elht,
BILTH, bilth WELZ> [ˡbiˑɛɬt, bɪlθ, bɪlθ ˡwɛlz]
In a similar fashion Aberhonddu, the main town in the country of Brycheiniog,
became ‘Brecknock’, and Aberteifi <a-ber-TEI-vi> [abɛrˡtəɪvɪ] in the country of Ceredigion became ‘Cardigan’. <ke-re-DIG-yon>
[kɛrɛˡdɪgj ɔn]
:_______________________________.
bues <BII-es> [ˡbiˑɛs] verb
1 1
I have been
(first-person
singular preterite of bod = to be)
Grammadeg o iaith y Cymry / Grammar of the Welsh Language. William Spurrel. 1853. p.63
In South
Wales buais, bues, buo are often heard used for bum; and buodd
for bu
:_______________________________.
bues i <BII-es i> [ˡbiˑɛsɪ] (verb)
1 I have been
:_______________________________.
buest ti <BII-e-sti> [ˡbiˑɛstɪ] (verb)
1 you have been
:_______________________________.
bugloddio
<bi-GLODH-yo> [bɪˡglɔðjɔ] verb
1 (cattle) turn up ground with horns
2
district of Mawddwy
(county of Gwynedd):
said of cattle damaging hedges with their horns
ETYMOLOGY: “cow-dig” (bu- = cow) +
soft mutation + (cloddio = to dig)
:_______________________________.
bûm <BIIM> [biːm] verb
1 I have been
(first-person singular preterite of bod)
Grammadeg o iaith y Cymry / Grammar of the Welsh Language. William Spurrel. 1853. p.63
In South
Wales buais, bues, buo are often heard used for bum; and buodd
for bu
:_______________________________.
buo <BII-es> [ˡbiˑɔ] verb
1 I have been
(first-person
singular preterite of bod = to be)
Grammadeg o iaith y Cymry / Grammar of the Welsh Language. William Spurrel. 1853. p.63
In South
Wales buais, bues, buo are often heard used for bum; and buodd
for bu
:_______________________________.
buoch <BII-okh > [ˡbiˑɔx] (verb)
1 you have been
:_______________________________.
buoch chi <BII-o-khi> [ˡbiˑɔxɪ] (verb)
1 you have been
:_______________________________.
buodd
<BII-odh> [ˡbiˑɔð] verb
1 (he / she / it) has been
(third-person singular preterite of bod)
Grammadeg o iaith y Cymry / Grammar of the Welsh Language. William Spurrel. 1853. p.63
In South
Wales buais, bues, buo are often heard used for bum; and buodd
for bu
:_______________________________.
buodd e <BII-o-dhe> [ˡbiˑɔðɛ] (verb)
1 he has been
:_______________________________.
buodd hi <BII-odh hi, BII-o-dhi> [ˡbiˑɔð
hɪ, ˡbiˑɔðɪ] (verb)
1 she has been
:_______________________________.
buodd o <BII-o-dho> [ˡbiˑɔðɔ] (verb)
1 he has been
:_______________________________.
buon <BII-on> [ˡbiˑɔn] verb
1 (Colloquial) buon ni we have been (literary form: buom
(ni))
Dyna ddawnsio y buon ni! How we danced! (“you-see-there dancing /
there’s dancing that we have been”)
2 (Colloquial) buon ni
they have been (literary form: buont (hwy))
:_______________________________.
buon nhw <BII-o-nu> [ˡbiˑɔnʊ] (verb)
1 they have been
:_______________________________.
buon ni <BII-o-ni> [ˡbiˑɔnɪ] (verb)
1 we have been
:_______________________________.
burum <BI-rim> [ˡbɪrɪm] (masculine noun)
1 yeast
:_______________________________.
busnes
<BIS-nes> [ˡbɪsnɛs] masculine
noun
PLURAL busnesau
<bis-NE-sai, -se> [bɪsˡnɛsaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
business = trade, transactions, acts of selling, commerce
agored ar gyfer busnes
open for business
Yr oedd ganddynt
stondin hen lyfrau, ond ychydig iawn o fusnes a wnaent yn y ffair
They had a used books stall, but they did very little business in the fair
Mae Cymraeg yn y gweithle yn dda i
fusnes am ei bod yn denu cwsmeriaid ac yn creu awyrgylch
o ewyllys da
The Welsh language in the work place is good for business as it attracts
customers and creates an atmosphere of goodwill
cyfuno busnes â phleser combine
business with pleasure
2
business = company, firm
merch fusnes businesswoman
gwraig fusnes businesswoman
dyn
busnes businessman
3
business, firm; shop
Roedd ganddi siop fach yn y pentref. Yr
oedd gwell elw o'r busnes hwn nag o'i melin flawd a'i fferm hefo'i gilydd
She had a small shop in the village. There was a bigger profit from this
business than from her flour mill and her farm together
4
ar fusnes on business, as par of
one's work activities
Aeth i gael cinio mewn gwesty crand - ar fusnes, wrth gwrs
He went to have dinner in a posh hotel - on business, of course
5
business = concern, affair
-Sut galla i ddweud wrtho? -Ych busnes chi yw
hynny, ebe Jac
-How can I tell him? -That's your
business, (not mine), said Jac
6
business, matter; something needing attention
Wrth gwrs, ’dyw e ddim o ’musnes i,
ond...
Of course, it’s none of my business, but...
Rhaid i ni siarad am fusnes y sied 'cw
We have to talk about the business of that shed
7
business = excretion (shitting, pissing)
gwneud eich busnes (animal) to
excrete
Petái ci yn gwneud ei fusnes ar yr hewl,
fe fydd yn rhaid i'r perchennog dalu'n
ddrud am y weithred o hyn ymlaen
If a dog does its business in the street, the owner will have to pay a high
price from now on
10
agored ar gyfer busnes open for
business (e.g. this office is open in spite of building work, in spite
of the holiday, etc)
ETYMOLOGY: English business
< Old English bisignes {“bíziy-nøs”}
(= condition of being busy)
(equivalent to modern English busy + -ness, suffix for
forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
busnesa <bis-NE-sa> [bɪsˡnɛsa] (verb)
1 to stick one's nose into other people's business, to be nosy
ETYMOLOGY: (busnes
= affair; business) + (-a suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
busnesu <bis-NE-si> [bɪsˡnɛsɪ] verb
1 busnesu mewn... meddle in, interfere in (someone's affairs)
Busnesu a laddodd y gath
Curiosity killed the cat (“(it-is) meddling / busybodying that killed the cat”)
ETYMOLOGY: (busnes = affair; business) + (-u suffix for forming
verbs)
NOTE: Also busnesa
:_______________________________.
bustl <BI-stil> [ˡbɪstɪl]
m
PLURAL bustlau
<BIST-lai,
-le> [ˡbɪstlaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
bile, gall
2
bile = peevishness, bitterness
Acts 8:23 Canys mi a’th welaf mewn bustl
chwerwder... For I perceive that thou art in the gall of bitterness
Mae colofn Gwilym Owen yn y papur hwn yn
llawn bustl bob wythnos
Gwilym Owen’s column in this paper is full of bile every week
3
coden fustl gall bladder
plural: codau / codenni / codennau bustl
carreg fustl plural: cerrig bustl gall-stone
4
mor chwerw â'r bustl as bitter as
bile (South: mor hwerw â'r bistil)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *bis-tlo-
Cornish bistl, Breton bestl
English bile < French < Latin bîlis, probably of Celtic origin
NOTE: colloquial form: bustul / bistil <bístil> [ˡbɪstɪl]
:_______________________________.
buta ‹BI-ta› [ˡbɪta] verb
1 (also spelt byta, bita. There is a variant pronunciation with <Ə> [ə] - byta). Colloquial word = to eat. The
literary form is bwyta. Buta
is in fact a distinct word, based on byd (= food), an obsolete variant of bwyd
:_______________________________.
buwch, PLURAL: buchod <BIUKH, BII-khod> [bɪʊx, ˡbiˑxɔd] (feminine noun)
1 cow
y fuwch = the cow
2
buwch sanctaidd holy cow
3 gwerthu’r fuwch i brynu tarw to rob
Peter to bay Paul (“sell the cow to buy a bull”)
:_______________________________.
buwch flith
<biukh VLIITH> [bɪʊx
ˡvliːθ] feminine noun
PLURAL buchod
blithion <BII-khod BLITH-yon> [biˑxɔd
ˡblɪθjɔn]
1
milch cow, dairy cow, cow kept for giving milk
2
(figurative) milch cow, source of income
ETYMOLOGY: (buwch = cow) + soft
mutation + (blith = milch = giving
milk)
:_______________________________.
buwch goch gota
<biukh gookh GO-ta> [bɪʊx
goːx ˡgɔta] feminine noun
PLURAL buchod
coch cwta <BII-khod kookh KU-ta> [ˡbiˑxɔd koːx
ˡkʊta]
1
ladybird
Fuwch fach gota – glaw neu hindda?
Os daw glaw, cwympa o’m llaw;
Os daw haul, hedfana!
(Weather lore)
Ladybird – rain or fine weather?
If rain will come, fall from my hand
If sun will come, fly!
ETYMOLOGY: “tail-less red cow, red cow without a tail”
(buwch = cow) + soft mutation + (coch = red) + soft mutation + (cota, feminine form of cwta = short; tail-less)
:_______________________________.
bwa, PLURAL: bwâu <BUU-a, bu-AI> [ˡbuˑa, bʊˡaɪ] (masculine noun)
1 bow (weapon)
bwa a saeth <BUU-a a SAITH> [ˡbuˑa a ˡsaɪθ] (masculine noun) bow and arrow
2 bow (for stringed instrument)
llinyn bwa bow string
3 ffenestr fwa bow
window, bay window = segmentally curved window
4 arch of a bridge
Un o bontydd enwocaf Cymru yw’r un
dri bwa dros afon Conwy yn Llan-rwst
One of the most
famous bridges in Wales is the three-arched one over the river Conwy in
Llan-rwst
:_______________________________.
bwa'r
glaw <buu-ar
GLAW> [ˡbuˑar
ˡglaw] masculine noun
North-east Wales
1 rainbow (“arch (of) the rain”, the rain arch, the rain bow)
:_______________________________.
bwa'r wrach
<buu-ar WRAAKH> [ˡbuˑar
ˡwrɑːx] masculine
noun
1 rainbow (“arch (of) the witch”, the witch arch, the witch bow)
:_______________________________.
bwa'r wybren
<buu-ar UI-bren> [ˡbuˑar
ˡʊɪbrɛn] masculine
noun
South-east Wales
1 rainbow (“arch (of) the sky”, the sky arch, the sky bow)
:_______________________________.
bwbach
<BUU-bakh> [ˡbuˑbax] masculine
noun
PLURAL bwbachod
<bu-BAA-khod> [bʊˡbɑˑxɔd]
1
goblin, bogey, bogeyman, bugaboo
2
cusan bwbach cold sore (“kiss (of) a
hobgoblin”)
3
(disrespective of a person) bugger, bastard
4
bwbach brain scarecrow (“hobgoblin
(of the) crows”)
5
South-east Wales bwbach tarfu scarecrow (“hobgoblin (of) disturbing, frightening “)
6
bwbachod y Boncath nickname for the
inhabitants of this village in the county of Penfro (“(the) bogeys (of) Y
Boncath”)
:_______________________________.
bwced
<BU-ked> [ˡbʊkɛd] feminine
noun
PLURAL bwcedi
<bu-KEE-di> [bʊˡkeˑdɪ]
1 bucket, pail; (Scotland: stoup)
y fwced = the bucket
2
bwced a rhaw bucket and spade
ETYMOLOGY: English bucket <
Middle English bocket < French of
England buket (= bucket), probably
from Old English bûc (= pitcher),
with a French diminutive suffix; equivalent to German Bauch (= belly)
:_______________________________.
bwcedaid
<bu-KEE-daid, -ed> [bʊˡkeˑdaɪd,
-ɛd] feminine noun
PLURAL bwcedeidiau
<bu-ke-DEID-yai, -e> [bʊkɛˡdəɪdjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 bucketful; bwceded o ddwr
a bucketful of water
y fwcedaid = the bucketful
ETYMOLOGY: (bwced = bucket) + (-aid, suffix to indicate 'fullness of a
container')
NOTE: informal spelling: bwceded
:_______________________________.
bwch <BUUKH> [buːx] masculine
noun
PLURAL bychod
<BƏ-khod> [ˡbəxɔd]
1 buck, male of certain animals
2
(= bwch danas) (qv) roebuck = male
of fallow deer (Dama dama)
3
(= bwch gafr) he-goat
Numeri 7:88 A holl ychen yr aberth hedd
oedd bedwar ar hugain o fustych, trigain
o hyrddod, trigain o fychod, trigain o hesbyrniaid
Numbers 7:88 And all the oxen for the sacrifice of the peace offerings were
twenty and four bullocks, the rams sixty, the he-goats sixty, the lambs of the
first year sixty
4
bwch cwningen (plural bychod cwningod) = buck rabbit, male
rabbit
5
South Wales (in describing
reluctance, resistance)
fel bwch i odyn
(“like a he-goat to the kiln”),
mor anodd â chael bwch i odyn (“as difficult as bringing a he-goat to
the kiln”)
6
North Wales stook of corn
7
bychod Dinbych
nickname for the inhabitants of this county town in the north-east (“(the)
bucks / he-goats (of) Dinbych”)
8
blingo'r bwch to vomit (“to skin the
billy-goat”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *bukk-
< Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish bokh
(= buck), Breton bouc'h (= buck)
In Hibernian Celtic: Scottish: boc
(= buck)
English “buck” is of Celtic origin -
Celtic > Germanic *bukkaz >
Old English bucca (= buck)
NOTE: In the South, the plural form is bwchod
<BUU-khod> [ˡbuˑxɔd] instead of bychod.
Generally the usual alteration of w
> y in the penultimate syllable
does not happen in this part of Wales
:_______________________________.
bwchadanas
<BUUKH a DAA-nas> [ˡbuːx
a ˡdɑˑnas]
SEE: bwch danas
:_______________________________.
bwch danas
<BUUKH DAA-nas> [buːx
ˡdɑˑnas] masculine noun
1 roebuck = male of fallow deer (Dama
dama)
ETYMOLOGY: “buck (of) fallow deer” (bwch
= buck, roebuck) + (danas = deer).
The element danas is probably some form
of Old French dain (= hind, female
deer)
(modern French daim = (1) fallow
deer; (2) buck, male deer)
NOTE: also bwch y danas, bwchadanas
:_______________________________.
bwch dihangol
<BUUKH
di-HA-ngol> [buːx dɪˡhaŋɔl] masculine noun
PLURAL bychod
dihangol <BƏ-khod di-HA-ngol> [ˡbəxɔd
dɪˡhaŋɔl]
1 scapegoat, (USA:
also - fall guy)
2
Old Testament (Leveticus 16)
scapegoat = a goat used in the annual Yom Kippur ritual where a priest
symbolically placed the sins of the Israelites on a goat and released it into
the desert.
ETYMOLOGY: 'escaping goat' (bwch =
he-goat) + (dihangol = escaping,
from dianc = to escape). A direct
translation of English “scapegoat”, from “escape” + “goat”. The term was coined
(1530) by the translator of the Pentateuch (first five books of the Old
Testament) into English, William Tyndale, to translate Hebrew “azâzêl”, 'the
goat of Azazel' but was taken to mean 'goat that escapes', i.e. a goat allowed
to escape into the desert. (Azazel = a desert demon to whom a goat bearing the
sins of Israel was sent each year on the Day of Atonement. In later Jewish
writings, and also in Muslim texts, Azazel is the king of demons.) Leveticus
16:1 – 16:28
:_______________________________.
bwcho
<BUU-kho> [ˡbuˑxɔ]
1 Ceredigion, Penfro have
sexual intercourse, fuck, bonk, do it, etc
ETYMOLOGY: “to buck, to do what a buck does”.
The standard form (if it exists) would be bychio (bych-, penult form of bwch = buck; male goat, male rabbit or hare, roebuck) + (-io, suffix for forming verbs).
In the South,
generally the change w > y in the penultimate syllable does not
happen; and the i at the beginning
of a final syllable is lost
:_______________________________.
bwchod
<BUU-khod> [ˡbuˑxɔd]
South Wales A variant of bychod, the plural form of bwch (qv) = male goat, male rabbit or
hare, roebuck.
In the South,
generally the change w > y in the penultimate syllable does not
happen;
:_______________________________.
bwci <BU-ki> [ˡbʊkɪ] masculine
noun
PLURAL bwcïod
<bu-KII-od> [bʊˡkiˑɔd]
1 bogey, goblin, ghost (Scotland: worricow)
2 occurs in the place name Lluestybwci,
smallholding in Cellan, county of Ceredigion (“summer-house of the bogy”)
3 afal y bwci = hip,
fruit of the dog rose Rosa canina
(“(the) apple (of) the goblin”)
4 county of Penfro bwci bal goblin, bogey (bal is apparently “daft” or “gloomy,
dark”, hence “daft bogey” or something similar)
5 bwci bo (qv) = goblin,
bogey
6 Carreg y Bwci <KA-reg ə BU-ki> [ˡkarɛg ə ˡbʊkɪ] “(the) stone (of) the goblin” SN6447
Near Llan-y-crwys, county of
Caerfyrddin
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/354056 Carreg y Bwci
ETYMOLOGY: The consonant <k> [k] in Welsh and Cornish at the beginning of the
final syllable is unusual, and so the word is very likely a loan from English.
Possibly from English “bug” (= hobgoblin) (not the same word as “bug” = insect), as in “bugbear” (= a goblin in the guise of a bear which eats naughty children), influenced by English “puck” (Old English “pûca”) (= hobgoblin).
The Cornish
form is buka (= goblin)
:_______________________________.
bwcïaidd
<bu-KII-aidh, -edh> [bʊˡkiˑaɪð,
-ɛð] adjective
South-west Wales
1 (fire) cheerless, not bright, gloomy; tân bwcïaidd = dull fire
2 (weather) cloudy, dull; tywydd bwcïaidd = dull weather
ETYMOLOGY: (bwci = hobgoblin) + (-aidd, suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
bwci bo
<BU-ki BOO> [ˡbʊkɪ
ˡboː] masculine noun
PLURAL bwci bos
<BU-ki BOOZ> [ˡbʊkɪ
ˡboːz]
1 bogy, goblin, ghost (Scotland: worricow)
ETYMOLOGY: (bwci = hobgoblin) + (bo = ?exclamation).
Cornish buka bu, English bugabooo
NOTE: also bwgi bo in Welsh
:_______________________________.
bwcio <BUK-yo> [ˡbʊkjɔ] (verb)
1 to book
:_______________________________.
bwcl <BU-kul> [ˡbʊkʊl] masculine noun
PLURAL byclau <BƏ-klai,
-e> [ˡbəklaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 buckle = metal ring with
hinged spike used for securing strap, belt, etc
2 dod â (rhywbeth) i
fwcl resolve (a matter) (“bring
something to a buckle”)
Oni bai am y ddamwain a gefais buaswn wedi dod â'r broses hyll hwn i
fwcl ers talwm
If it hadn’t been for the accident I had I would have resolved this ugly matter
a long time ago
ETYMOLOGY: English buckle < Middle English boucle (= boss of
shield, buckle) < Latin
buccula (bucc-ul-a, with diminutive infix –ul-), a diminutive form of bucca (= mouth, cheek)
NOTE: The colloquial form is bwcwl
:_______________________________.
bwcram <BU-kram> [ˡbʊkram] masculine noun
1 buckram = a stiff fabric made from cotton
stiff fel bwcram (“stiff like
buckram”)
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English buckeram,
bougeren < German or Italian < the city of Bukhara (Bukhoro in Uzbek), a city in SE Uzbekistan once noted for
its textiles
(delw 7081)
:_______________________________.
bwgan, PLURAL: bwganod <BUU-gan, bu-GAA-nod> [ˡbuˑgan,bʊˡgɑˑnɔd] (masculine noun)
1 ghost
tŷ bwgan haunted house (“house (of) ghost / bogey / bugbear”)
2 bwgan brain scarecrow
(“bugbear (of) crows”)
:_______________________________.
bŵl
<BUUL> [buːl] masculine
noun
PLURAL bylau
<BƏ-lai, -e> [ˡbəlaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
bowl = wooden ball
2
round object
3
knob (doorknob, etc)
In use in the south-west as bwlyn
fel bwlyn
shaped like a knob, knoblike
bwlyn
sain volume control (standard term: rheolydd sain)
4
knob on an cow's or bull’s horns to prevent it from causing harm
5
bŵl or bwlyn (South Wales) nave of
cart wheel, hub of a wheel
6
(obsolete) cannon ball
7
Ynys-y-bŵl
ST0594 village in the county of Rhondda Cynon Taf .
The Anglican cleric Glanffrwd (William Thomas) was born in Ynys-y-bŵl
in 1843, and published his reminiscences in 1888 “Plwyf Llanwyno, yr Hen Amser, yr
Hen Bobl, a’r Hen Droion” (the Parish of Llanwynno, the old times, the old
people, and the old events)
Dichon mai natur a sefyllfa ddaearyddol
y lle roddodd yr enw i Ynys-y-bŵl.
Fodd bynnag, gellid yn naturiol ddywedyd Ynys-y-pwll. Gelwir ef yn Saesneg “Bowling Green”.
’Wn i ddim pwy a Seisnigeiddiodd yr enw.
Ond yn ddiau, gwnaeth gamsyniad. Yr oedd y lle yn Ynys-y-pwll
er y cread, ond yn gymharol ddiweddar y dechreuwyd
chware Bwlbinnau ynddo. Felly, nid oes
gennyf ddim diolch i’w dalu i neb am
roddi enw Saesneg i’r lle. Ond daeth yr enw Ynys-y-bŵl
i gael ei gymhwyso at yr
holl ardal – i fyny at Dai’r
Plwyf a lleoedd eraill ar bob llaw
The geographical nature and situation probably gave the name to Ynys-y-bŵl
(“the meadow of the bowl”). However it could be said naturally “Ynys-y-pwll”
(“the meadow of the pool”). In English it is called ‘Bowling Green’. I don’t
know who Englished the name. But doubtlessly, he made a mistake. The place had
been “Ynys-y-pwll”
since the Creation, but (only) comparatively recently people began to play
ninepins / skittles there. So I have no thanks to pay to anybody for giving it
an English name. But the name Ynys-y-bŵl
came to be applied to the whole area – up to Tai’r Plwyf (“the parish houses”) and
other places all around
ETYMOLOGY: English boule (= wooden
ball) < French boule < Latin bulla (= round object, bubble)
Modern French has boule (= ball,
sphere, globe; bowl in game of bowls or bowling; billiard ball; the game of boule),
boule de neige (= snowball).
(1) Middle English boule is in
modern English bowl (= wooden ball),
to bowl (= roll a ball in bowling;
throw a ball in cricket)
cf Lowlandic (‘Scots’) bool (= bowling ball), which has maintained the
original French [u] as a long [uu].
(2) The plural form of the French word boule
has been borrowed into English in recent times as boules (= game from France played with metal balls on rough ground)
(3) The Latin word bulla >
Medieval Latin bulla (= seal
attached to a papal bull, a document issued by the Pope) > bulla (= same meaning), and bull (= document issued by the Pope);
also in medical terminology bulla (=
blister)
NOTE: Often with the addition of the diminutive suffix -yn. See bwlyn
:_______________________________.
bwla <BU-la> [ˡbʊla] masculine
noun
PLURAL bwlaon
<bu-LAA-on> [bʊˡlɑˑɔn]
1 bull
..a/ Cae Bwla = cae’r bwla (“the) field (of) the bull”).
Field in Talach-ddu (Powys)
..b/ Cae’r Bwla (“the) field (of) the bull”)
Field near Clas ar Wy / Glasbury (Powys)
Caerbwla
For Llanigon
(Powys) in the Topographical Dictionary of Wales, 1849, Samuel Lewis states:
Lewis Watkins, in 1712, gave an estate named Cae'r Bwla, consisting of about thirteen acres of
arable, meadow, and copse, now producing from £10 to £12 per annum, for the
endowment of a free school
..c/ Waunybwla Place in Llantarnam
John Edmunds, Waynabulla in Lanvrechva [died] 27 May 1813 [aged]
2mths
(Mentioned in Llantarnam Burials 1813-74) http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~monfamilies/llantarnbur1813-74.htm
2 (South-east Wales) bullock = castrated bull
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English bule <
Scandinavian
Modern English: bull
:_______________________________.
bwlch <BULKH> [bʊlx] (m)
bylchau <BUL-kha, -khe> [ˡbʊlxai, -ɛ]
The Gwentian plural form bwlcha is seen in the place name Pen
Bwlcha east of Pont-y-gwaith ST0897 pen y bylchau “(the) top / end
(of) the passes / gaps”
1 gap, chasm, break; = break in continuity
2 bwlch yn y farchnad gap in the
market, demand for goods or services which is not matched by an adequate supply
llanw'r bwlch yn y farchnad to fill gap in the market, to offer goods or
services for which there is a demand and which is not being provided for
3 pass, mountain pass (USA: notch = deep narrow pass), (col = mountain pass).
Frequent in place names
4 gap in a fence, wall
llamu i'r bwlch come to the rescue
("leap into the gap")
sefyll yn y bwlch stand and defend
("stand in the gap")
5 gap, difference, discrepancy = a variation between two sets of figures
Mae bwlch mawr rhwng cyflogau menywod â
chyflogau dynion
There's a big difference between the women's wages and men's wages
ond sylwch ar y bwlch mawr rhwng y ddau ffigwr
but look at the difference between the two figures
6 blank, space = space in a document left for information to be added space
between letters or words
7 (music) space = gap between lines of a staff
8 gap = particular space of time
bwlch o ddwyawr a gap of two hours, a space of two hours
bwlch o bum
mlynedd a space of five
years
9 gap = particular distance in linear space representing a break in continuity
Mae bwlch o ddwy fodfedd rhwng y carped
a'r wal
There's a space of two inches between the carpet and the wall
10 gap = a missing portion in a collection or series
Roedd bylchau dirifedi yn y
casgliad cyflawn honedig
There were innumerable gaps in the so-called complete collection
11 gap = period of silence between dots and dashes in telegraphy
12 loss [said of someone or something mourned for]
gweld bwlch ar ôl un = miss someone
(who has died)
bydd bwlch a cholled ar ôl y rhaglen
honno that programme will be sorely missed ("there will be a gap and a
loss after that programme")
Y bwlch cyntaf oedd ymadawiad Harri, yn fachgen prin ugain oed, i fynwent
y llan... Yr oedd ei merch Jane wedi bod yn briod ers blwyddyn ac yn hynod
o hapus, pan y cymerwyd hithau ar enedigaeth baban...
The first loss was the departure of Harri, a boy just turned twenty, to the
churchyard of the parish church… His daughter Jane had been married for a year
and was remarkably happy, when she was taken on the birth of a child
13 loophole (in a law)
14 notch (in names of sheep's earmarks)
15 (North Wales) dimple
bwlch yn yr ên a dimple in the cheek (“in the jaw”)
16 Caledfwlch (qv) Excalibur,
name of Arthur's sword
17 Tudfwlch male forename (Tud = people, bwlch = gap;
?slash made by a sword)
18 amwlch (= split, gapped) < amfwlch (am- prefix) + soft
mutation + (bwlch)
Place name: Cefn Amwlch
19 Abbreviation on maps: B
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
*bulk- < Celtic *bolk < PIE *blōkó
From the same British root: Breton boulc’h (= gap)
The PIE word
is ultimately the source of English plough / plow < Old English < Germanic
< a Northern Italic language (cf Latin plaustrum = wagon, cart)
:_______________________________.
bwlcha <BUL-kha> [ˡbʊlxa]
1 The Gwentian pronunciation of bylchau (“passes, gaps”), the
plural form of bwlch (= pass, gap”).
It occurs in the place name Pen Bwlcha east of Pont-y-gwaith ST0897 pen
y bylchau “(the) top / end (of) the passes / gaps”
:_______________________________.
bwletin, PLURAL: bwletinau <BU-le-tin, bu-le-TII-nai, -e> [ˡbʊlɛtɪn,
bʊlɛˡtiˑnaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 bulletin
:_______________________________.
Bwlgareg <bul-GAA-reg> [bʊlˡgɑˑrɛg] (feminine noun, adjective)
1 Bulgarian
y Fwlgareg = the Bulgarian language
:_______________________________.
Bwlgaria <bul-GAR-ya> [bʊlˡgarja] (feminine noun)
1 Bulgaria
:_______________________________.
Bwlwyn <BUU-luin> [ˡbʊˑlʊɪn]
1
Bonen, Flanders (now Boulogne, France)
ETYMOLOGY: The town was originally known as Gesoriacum, but in the 300s it was known as Bononia, said to be a derivative of Gaulish bona (= foundation, settlement), as in Welsh bôn (= base, foundation)
:_______________________________.
..1 bwlyn <BUU-lin> [ˡbʊˑlɪn] masculine
noun
1 (South-east Wales) little bull; bullock = castrated bull
ETYMOLOGY: English (bull) + (-yn
diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
..2 bwlyn <BUU-lin> [ˡbʊˑlɪn] masculine
noun
PLURAL bwlynnau,
bylau <bu-LƏ-nai, -ne, BƏ-lai, -le> [bʊˡlənaɪ, -ɛ,
ˡbəlaɪ, -ɛ]
South Wales
1 small ball
2
nave of cart wheel, hub of a wheel
bwlyn
cart (county of Ceredigion) nave of a cart, boss of a cart, hub of a cart
3
doorknob
Rhoddodd ei law ar y bwlyn he put his hand on the doorknob
4
round thing, spherical thing, something round, something resembling a doorknob
5 knob
bwlyn
sain sound control, knob etc for
raising and lowering the volume on a radio, etc
ETYMOLOGY: (bwl = ball) + (-yn
diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
Y Bwmfallt
<ə BUM-valht> [ə
ˡbʊmvaɬt] feminine
noun
1 SS5694 locality 9km to
the west of Abertawe on the road to Pen-clawdd
English name: Poundfald / Poundffald
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS5694
NOTE: See
also pitffald
ETYMOLOGY: a form of English pinfold (= enclosure for stray animals) < poundfald < Old English (pund = enclosure) + (fald = enclosure).
There is a Poundfold Hill in County Durham, and a street called Pound Fold in the centre of Shepton Mallet; William Langland (ca. 1332 - ca. 1386) in his work “Piers Plowman” called Hell “the poukes poundfold”
:_______________________________.
bwncath, PLURAL: bwncathod <BUNG-kath, bung-KAA-thod> [ˡbʊŋkaθ,
bʊŋˡkɑˑθɔd] (masculine noun)
1 buzzard (Buteo buteo)
NOTE: Traditionally in North Wales this
is called a barcud, as in Cornish (bargos
=
buzzard) and Breton (barged = buzzard). But in standard Welsh barcud
is the red kite (Milvus milvus).
:_______________________________.
bwrch
<BURKH> [ˡbʊrx] masculine
noun
PLURAL byrchau
<BƏR-khai, -e> [ˡbərxaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 (obsolete) borough = town with a corporation and privileges by
royal charter
2
Compare the place name Niwbwrch
(county of Môn) from English “Newburgh” (the modern English name is
“Newborough”)
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English burgh <
Old English burh.
Common in place names in England as bury,
borough, and in Scotland burgh.
Related to Old English beorgan (= to
shelter), German die Burg (= castle)
:_______________________________.
bwrdd, PLURAL: byrddau <BURDH, BƏR-dhai, -e> [bʊrð, ˡbərðaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1 table
bwrdd adar <burdh
AA-dar> [bʊrð
ˡɑˑdar] (masculine
noun) bird table
bwrdd coffi <burdh
KOO-fi> [bʊrdd
ˡkoˑfɪ] (masculine
noun) coffee table
bwrdd diferu (America: drainboard)
(Englandic: draining board)
bwrdd du <burdh
DII> [bʊrð
ˡdiː] (masculine
noun) blackboard
bwrdd gwisgo <burdh GWI-sko> [bʊrð ˡgwɪskɔ] (masculine noun) dressing table
bwrdd hysbysiadau <BURDH hə-spəs-YAA-dai, -e> [ˡbʊrð
həspəsˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun) notice board
bwrdd ysgrifennu <BURDH skri-VE-ni> [bʊrð skrɪˡvɛnɪ] (masculine noun) writing desk
gwasanaeth wrth y bwrdd waiter
service, waitress service (“service at the table”)
2
(verb without an object) gweini wrth y
bwrdd serve at table
3 bwrdd ymbincio dressing table
bwrdd gwisgo dressing table
bwrdd ymwisgo dressing table
:_______________________________.
bwri-
<BUU-ri> [ˡbuˑrɪ] verb
1 stem of the verb bwrw
throw, hit.
bwriaf I throw
bwriad intention
(2 Croniclau 30:14)
A hwy
a gyfodasant, ac a fwriasant ymaith yr allorau oedd yn Jerwsalem; bwriasant
ymaith allorau yr arogl-darth, a thaflasant hwynt
i afon Cidron
(2 Chronicles 30:14)
And they arose and took away the altars that were in Jerusalem, and all the
altar for incense took they away, and cast them into the brook Kidron
:_______________________________.
bwriad, PLURAL bwriadau <BUR-yad, bur-YAA-dai, -e> [ˡbʊrjad,
bʊrˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] masculine noun
1 intention
2 bod yn fwriad gennych (wneud rhywbeth) intend (to do something), be your intention
to
3 bod yn eich bwriad wneud (rhywbeth)
intend to do something
:_______________________________.
bwriadol <bur-YAA-dol> [bʊrˡjɑˑdɔl] adjective
1 intentional, wilful,
deliberate
tân wedi ei gynnau yn fwriadol a fire started deliberately
difrod bwriadol wilful damage
2 anfwriadol = unintentional,
involuntary,
yn fwriadol neu yn anfwriadol intentionally or unintentionally
ETYMOLOGY: (bwriad = intention) + (-ol, suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
bwriadu <bur-YAA-di> [bʊrˡjɑˑdɪ] (verb)
1 to intend (doing)
:_______________________________.
bwriwr
<BUR-yur> [ˡbʊrjʊr] masculine
noun
PLURAL bwrwyr <BUR-yur> [ˡbʊrjʊr]
1 (person) smelter, founder
bwriwr haearn iron smelter, iron
founder
ETYMOLOGY: (bwri-, stem of the verb bwrw = to throw, to cast, to strike) +
(-ad, suffix for forming nouns =
‘man’)
:_______________________________.
bwriwr
<BUR-lum> [ˡbʊrjʊr] masculine
noun
PLURAL byrlymau <bər-LƏ-mai,
-e> [bərˡləmaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 bubble = ball of air in the air, in a liquid, in a
solid
2 (liquid) bubbling, gurgling
3 (river) gurgling = noise of a current of water flowing
over stones
Cân yr ehedydd a bwrlwm yr
afon oedd yr unig sw^n yn fy nghlustiau
The song of the lark and the gurgling of the river was the only sound in my
ears
4 bustle, life,
hectic activity, animation
Nid oedd llawer o fwrlwm yn y tafarndai
There was not a
lot of activity in the taverns
O Lansannan
symudais i fyw i Gaer, ac er mwyn lleddfu ychydig ar yr hiraeth ac ar y pryd
dod â rhywfaint o'r 'hedd ym mro Hiraethog' i ganol bwrlwm bywyd dinas rhoddais
i'r enw 'Hiraethog' ar y ty^
From Llansannan I moved
to live in Chester, and in order to assuage somewhat my longing and at the same
time to bring a bit the ‘peace [which is] in the Hiraethog district' to the
midst of the bustle of city life i called the house 'Hiraethog'
Ymunais â bwrlwm celfyddydol Caer-dydd a Chasnewydd
I joined the
bustling art scene (“the artisitc bustle”) in Caer-dydd / Cardiff and Casnewyd
/ Newport
bwrlwm drwm drum roll
byrlymus gurgling; bustling
byrlymu to bubble; gurgle; bustle
byrlymog bubbling
5 byrlymau rapids
in a stream
Byrlymau Elan
SN8273
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=246112
ETYMOLOGY: onomatopeia.
NOTE: w-w becomes y-y, as in cwmwl,
cymylau (cloud, clouds), cwmwd, cymydau (kúmmud, kúmmuds – a
medieval administrative district), cwlwm, cylymau (knot, knots)
:_______________________________.
bwrn <burn> [bʊrn] masculine noun
1 burden
Mae’n fwrn arnaf fi He’s a millstone
around my neck (“he’s a burden on me”)
:_______________________________.
Y Bwrtwe
<BURT-we> [ˡbʊrtwɛ] feminine noun
1 Welsh form of the English name The Portway - the name of the
section of road from Caer-dydd
to Y Bont-faen. In fact, this is part of the Roman road from Glevum,
present-day English city of Gloucester (Caerloyw in Welsh) to Nidum (Castell-nedd,
or ‘Neath’ in English.)
There are many roads in England called ‘The Portway’.
In 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911) (John Hobson Matthews, Mab Cernyw)
“The mediaeval name for the Roman road which skirts the shore of South Wales
and unites the ancient boroughs; particularly from Cardiff westward through
Cowbridge, Kenfig and Aberavon, to Neath. In the vernacular this road was
called Y Bwrtwe, by turning the English word into a feminine Welsh noun. It
occurs as late as 1763.”
This is noted elsewhere in the ‘Records’, where he notes a barn called Ysgubor y Bwrtwe “(the) barn (of) the portway”), in the parish of Sain Nicolas:
YSGUBOR-Y-BWRTWE "Skybbor y Bwrtway" (the Portway barn.) In the
parish of Saint Nicholas (1763.)
ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (pwrtwe, an adaptation of English
'portway' = main road, road between market towns, road between boroughs. As
most nouns indicating roads are feminine in Welsh, 'pwrtwe' has joined this
group)
:_______________________________.
bwrw <BUU-ru> [ˡbuˑrʊ] (verb)
1 to throw
2 get
rid of
bwrw annwyd
<BUU-ru
A-nuid> [ˡbuˑrʊ
ˡanʊɪd]to shake off a cold, to shaking off a cold
bwrw swildod overcome
shyness, overcoming shyness
bwrw’ch swildod overcome your
shyness
bwrw blinder rest, relax
bwrw’ch blinder rest, relax (“throw
(off) your tiredness”)
3 (weather)
bwrw eira <BUU –ru EI-ra> [ˡbuˑrʊ
ˡəɪra] (verb)
to snow
bwrw glaw <BUU-ru
GLAU> [ˡbuˑrʊ
ˡglaʊ] (verb)
to rain
bwrw cesair (South) to hail
bwrw cenllysg (North) to hail
bwrw hen wragedd a ffyn to rain cats and dogs, to pour down in torrents
(“throw old ladies and walking sticks”)
4
(time) spend
bwrw eich tymor yn y carchar do
time, serve out your sentence in prison
bwrw awr ne' ddwy
o gwsg get an hour or two of sleep
Bu raid i mi fwrw'r nos mewn stabl I
had to spend the night in a stable
bwrw'r amser heibio while away the
time
5
bwrw’ch tymer drwg ar (rywun) take it out on (somebody) (“throw your
bad temper on”)
6 (North) bwrw’ch bol
wrth rywun unbosom yourself to, reveal your innermost
secrets to
7 bwrw’r draul count the cost
8 bwrw
tin-dros-ben do a somersault (“throw an arse-over-head”)
9 bwrw amheuaeth ar (rywbeth) cast doubts on something, throw
something into doubt
10 bwrw (ymosodiad) yn ei ôl
repel (an attack)
11 bwrw heli i'r môr do
something which is completely pointless (“throw brine into the sea”)
bwrw cath i gythraul (“throw a cat to (the) devil”) to sacrifice
a cat to the devil, to appease the devil
:_______________________________.
bws, PLURAL: bysus / bysiau ‹BUS, BƏS;
BƏ sis / BƏS ye› (masculine noun)
1 bus
2
gorsaf fysiau bus
station
gorsaf y bysiau / yr orsaf fysiau bus station
gorsaf bysiau incorrect for gorsaf fysiau with soft mutation
yr orsaf fysiau ganolog the central bus station
:_______________________________.
bwthyn <BUU-thin> [ˡbuˑθɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL bythynnod
<bə-THƏ-nod> [bəˡθənɔd]
1 cottage = small house
2
cottage, lodge = small house in a park or estate for a gatekeeper, gardener,
caretaker
bwthyn
clwm tied cottage
3 pwdin bwthyn
cottage pudding
tiwlip bwthyn
cottage tulip
4
Y Bwthyn
street name in
..a/ Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
..b/ Deiniolen (county of Gwynedd)
..a/ Trefýclo (county of Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: (bwth < English booth = small house < Old English
< Germanic) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns)
Cf German die Bude (= market stall;
hut on a building site; hovel, dump); Norwegian bu (= hut, shack, shanty)
:_______________________________.
bwthyn
gwyliau <BUU-thin GUIL-yai, -e> [ˡbuˑθɪn
ˡgʊɪljaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 holiday cottage
:_______________________________.
bwy
<BUI> [bʊɪ] (masculine noun)
1 soft-mutated form of pwy (= who)
i bwy…? to whom…? who… to?
:_______________________________.
bwy
gilydd <BUI
GII-lidh> [bʊɪ giˑlɪð] (masculine noun)
1 …on end
am oriau bwy gilydd for hours on end
ETYMOLOGY: soft mutation of the phrase pwy gilydd (qv)
:_______________________________.
bwyd,
PLURAL: bwydydd <BUID, BUI-didh> [bʊɪd,
ˡbʊɪdɪð] (masculine noun)
1 food
2 pigo’ch bwyd pick at food, eat reluctantly, without
appetite
3
codi awydd
bwyd arnoch whet your appetite
(“raise (the) desire (of) food on you”)
colli awydd
bwyd lose your appetite
4
eisiau bwyd
hunger (“want (of) food”, “necessity (for) food”)
Mae eisiau bwyd
arna i <mai
EI-shai, I-she, BUID ar-nai> [maɪ ˡəɪʃaɪ,
ˡɪʃɛ, ˡbʊɪd arnaɪ]
I'm hungry
Enllyn
bara da yw eisiau bwyd
Hunger is the best sauce (= food no matter how plain becomes very appetising
when you are really hungry) (“(it is) (a) good companage (of) bread that-is
want (of) food”)
5 llaethfwyd dairy product, dairy food; dairy products, dairy
foods
(llaeth = milk ) + soft mutation + ( bwyd = food)
:_______________________________.
bwydlen
<BUID-len> [ˡbʊɪdlɛn] feminine
noun
PLURAL bwydlenni
<buid-LE-ni> [bʊɪdˡlɛnɪ]
1 menu = list of foods available in a restaurant
y fwydlen
= the menu
ETYMOLOGY: (bwyd
= food) + soft mutation + (llen =
sheet of paper)
:_______________________________.
bwydlen
y diwrnod <BUID-len
ə DIUR-nod> [ˡbʊɪdlɛn ə
ˡdɪʊrnɔd] (feminine noun)
1 menu of the day
:_______________________________.
bwydlysieuwr,
PLURAL: bwydlysieuwyr <buid-ləs-SHEI-ur, buid-lə-SHEI-wir> [bʊɪdləˡʃəɪʊr,
bʊɪdləˡʃəɪwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 vegetarian
:_______________________________.
bwydo
<BUI-do> [ˡbʊɪdɔ] (verb)
1 to feed
:_______________________________.
bwyell
<BUI-elh> [ˡbʊɪɛɬ] feminine noun
PLURAL bwyeill
<BUI-eilh> [ˡbʊɪəɪɬ]
1 (American: ax) (Englandic: axe), chopper
y fwyell
the ax
gosod y fwyell ar wraidd y drwg
strike at the root of the evil (“place the axe on the root of the evil”)
bwyell
ddeufin double-headed axe
bwyell
ryfel war axe
dan y fwyell
(expenditure, services) under the axe, threatened with being restricted,
(project) threatened with termination
ergyd
bwyell axe-blow, axe-stroke
2 Gwegil y Fwyall name of a Welsh air (“the back of the axe”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic. In Breton bouc’hal (= hatchet),
Irish biail (= hatchet)
NOTE: Spoken forms:
..1/ bwyall
..2/ also in the south bŵell ‹BU-elh› and bŵall
‹BU-alh›
..2/ in the North bwyallt, gwyallt,
..3/ in the district of Maldwyn in the centre of the country wyallt;
..4/ in the county of Ceredigion: wyell, wyall, gwyall
There is also a plural form bwyelli ‹bui-E-lhi›
(delw 7532)
:_______________________________.
bwyell gam
‹bui-elh gam› feminine noun
PLURAL bwyeill cam ‹bui-eilh kam›
1 (American: adz) (Englandic: adze) = tool for shaping wood
ETYMOLOGY: (bwyell
= axe) + soft mutation + (cam =
crooked)
(delw 7448)
:_______________________________.
bwyell gig
‹bui–elh giig› feminine noun
PLURAL bwyeill cig
‹bui-eilh giig›
1 meat axe, cleaver
ETYMOLOGY: (bwyell
= axe) + soft mutation + (cig =
meat)
(delw 7449)
:_______________________________.
bwyf ‹ buiv › v
1
I shall be (first person singular present subjunctive)
Pan fwyf hen a pharchus When I am old and respectable
:_______________________________.
bwygilydd
1
from one to the other
Daeth atynt yn wên o glust bwy gilydd
He came up to them with a smile from one ear to the other / with a smile from ear to ear
Roedd yn gwenu o glust bwygilydd He was smiling from one ear to the other
2 ddyddiau
bwygilydd day after day (dyddiau =
days) + (bwygilydd = ‹adverb›
one after the other). There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in
adverbial phrases. hence dydd > ddydd
ETYMOLOGY: bwygilydd,
soft-mutated form of pwygilydd “to its fellow” < (pwy) + soft
mutation + (cilydd)
..1/ pwy
< (pw = to) + (i = its)
..2/ cilydd
(= fellow)
:_______________________________.
bwystfil
‹buist -vil› masculine noun
PLURAL bwystfilod
‹buist- vî -lod›
1 beast = animal as distinct from a bird or fish
2 beast, brute, monster =
human acting like an animal; a cruel person;
Os caiff bwystfil fel Efan Blaen-cae ei grafangau ynot...
If a monster like Efan Blaen-cae gets his claws into you...
bwystfil
o ddyn a brute of a man
3 something resembling a beast
4 bwystfil
y maes wild animal
Genesis 2:19 A'r Arglwydd Dduw a luniodd
o'r ddaear holl fwystfilod y maes, a holl ehediaid y nefoddd, ac a’u dygodd at
Adda, i weled pa enw a roddai efe iddynt hwy: a pha fodd bynnag yr enwodd y dyn
bob peth byw, hynny fu ei enw ef.
Genesis 2:19 And out of the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the
field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he
would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the
name thereof.
Salmau 80.8 Mudaist winwydden o’r
Aifft... (80.13) Y baedd o’r coed
a’i turia, a bwystfil y maes
a’i pawr
Psalms 80.8 Thou hast brought a vine out of Egypt... (80.13) The boar of the
wood doth waste it, and the wild beast of the field doth devour it
ETYMOLOGY: (bwyst = beast) + soft
mutation + (mil = animal)
Welsh bwyst-
< British < Latin bêstia (=
beast) (long “e” in Latin and British regularly gives wy in modern Welsh)
:_______________________________.
bwyta ‹bui -ta›
verb with an object
1 eat
Eogiaid o'r Afon Taf a fwyteid weithiau yng Nghaer-dydd
Sometimes salmon from the river Taf were eaten in Caer-dydd
2
bwyta
eich geiriau said of indistinct pronunciation – refers to somebody who
talks fast and indistinctly (“eating your words”)
Fel llawer o'i gyd-Gardis
mae e'n bwyta llawer o’i eiriau
And like a lot of fellow Cardis he mumbles a lot of his words
verb without an object
3
(Bible) bwyta’r
Pasg eat the Passover
Ioan 18:28 Yna y dygasant yr Iesu oddi
wrth Caiaffas i’r dadleudy; a’r bore
ydoedd hi; ac nid aethant hwy i mewn i’r
dadleudy, rhag eu halogi; eithr fel y
gallent fwyta’r pasg
John 18:28 Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it
was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they
should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover.
4
South Wales: verb = itch; masculine noun tickle, itch
5
(cancer, rust, waves) corrode, eat away, erode
Yr oedd y dŵr wedi bita i miwn dan
glawdd yr ardd
The water had eaten into the base of the hedgebank
6
(expressions of satisfying a voracious appetite)
bwyta
fel nafi = eat like a horse (“eat like a navvy”)
bwyta
fel ceffyl = eat like a horse (“eat like
a horse”)
North Wales bwyta fel Siôn Hafarch = eat
like a horse (“eat like Siôn Hafarch”)
7
lleibio bwyta
= eat like a horse (“snatch + eat”)
8
North Wales sglaffio bwyta eat
ravenously
9
adjective edible, eating, for eating
gwymon
bwyta edible seaweed
afal bwyta
eating apple
10
pigo bwyta pick at food, eat
reluctantly, without appetite
11
(South Wales) (verb) = itch, (masculine noun) tickle, itch
Ma’n llyged yn byta My eyes are
itching
12
cael yr afal a’i fwyta have your cake and eat it (“get the apple
and eat it”)
cael eich afal i chwarae ac i’w fwyta have your cake and eat it (“get your
apple to play and to eat it”)
Chewch chi mo’ch afal i chwarae ac i’w
fwyta You can’t have your cake and
eat it
ETYMOLOGY: bwyta < bwytá < bwyt-há < bwyd-há (bwyd = food) + (-ha = suffix for forming verbs from nouns)
NOTE: The normal colloquial form is ‹bi-ta›
spelt variously bita, buta, byta. It is in fact a distinct word, based on byd (= food), an obsolete variant of bwyd (= food)
:_______________________________.
bwytadwy ‹bui-TAA-dui›
(adjective)
1 edible
2 llyffant bwytadwy or broga bwytadwy (Rana escuelenta) edible frog
:_______________________________.
bwyta
gwellt eich gwely ‹bui-ta gwelht əkh gwê-li›
1 (“eat the straw of your
bed”) be on the breadline, be on the point of starvation, not have enought to
live on
ETYMOLOGY: (bwyta = eat) + (gwellt = straw) + (eich
= your) + (gwely = bed)
:_______________________________.
bwyty ‹BUI ti›
(masculine noun)
1 restaurant
:_______________________________.
bychan ‹BƏ
khan› (adjective)
1 little
-Fychan ‹VƏ
khan› (masculine noun) (surname) frm the epithet 'small, junior'
2 ar raddfa fechan on a
small scale, in miniature
3 pechod bychan venial
sin
:_______________________________.
bychan a mawr ‹BƏ-khan
a MAUR› masculine noun
1 fychan a mawr (with soft mutation when in apposition) great
and small
Diwrnod mawr yn hanes y teulu yw’r cyfarfod blynyddol, ac edrychir yn mlaen ato gan bob aelod
ohono, fychan a mawr, gyda’r boddhad mwyaf digymysg.
The annual meeting is a great day in the history of the family, and it is
looked forward to by every member of it, both adults and children, with great
pleasure (“the greatest unmitigated satisfaction”)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘little and big’ (bychan = little, small) + (a = and) +
(mawr = great, big)
:_______________________________.
bychod ‹BƏ
khod› (plural noun)
1 billy goats; see bwch
:_______________________________.
byd,
PLURAL: bydoedd ‹BIID, BƏ dodh› (masculine noun)
1 world
map o’r byd a map of the world
2
hawddfyd comfortable circumstances, ease, happiness,
prosperity (hawdd = easy, pleasant)
3
mynd
yn ôl yn y byd come down in the world
“go back in the world” (mynd = to go) + (yn ôl = back) + (yn y byd = in the world)
4 henfyd ancient world
(hen = old, ancient) + soft mutation + (byd = world)
Persia’r henfyd ancient Persia (“Persia (of) the ancient
world”)
5
y byd
sydd ohoni today’s world
hynt y byd
sydd ohoni current affairs (“(the)
way (of) the current world”)
6 isfyd
underworld (of crime)
(is = lower, below, under) + soft
mutation + (byd
= world)
isfyd
Caer-dydd the Caer-dydd
underworld
7 amryw
byd
o very many
Ma’ gen i amryw
byd
o bethe i’ neud heddi I’ve got
hundreds of things to do today
(“y mae gennyf amryw byd o bethau i’w gwneud heddiw”)
8 byw o olwg y byd live a sheltered life (“live (away) from (the)
sight (of) the world”)
9
tragwyddolfyd eternity
(tragwyddol
= eternal) + soft mutation + ( byd = world)
y tu yma i’r tragwyddolfyd this
side of eternity, in our mortal existence
10
yn y byd
(after a negative phrase) at all
Dyw’n
syndod yn y byd It’s not the least bit
surprising, It’s hardly surprising
11
adfyd
adversity, distress, affliction
(ad- prefix = bad ) + soft mutation
+ ( byd
= situation, condition; world)
13 bod yng ngheg y byd be
common knowledge (“be in the mouth of the world”)
14
pen draw'r byd
the other side of the world
Am ben draw byd
o le! What a God-forsaken place!
15 ar gyfrif yn y byd on any account
16
yr eilfyd the afterlife, the world
to come
(eil-, penult form of ail = second ) + soft mutation + (byd = world)
17
hyd orffen byd until the end of time
(“until ‹the› end ‹of the› world”)
:_______________________________.
bydd
‹BIIDH› (verb)
1 he / she / it will be
2 (second-person-singular imperative) be!
Bydd yn
fachgen da, Siôn Be a good boy, Siôn
:_______________________________.
bydd
a ‹BII dha› (verb)
1 he will be (South-east)
:_______________________________.
bydd
e ‹BII dhe› (verb)
1 he will be (South-west)
:_______________________________.
bydd
hi ‹BIIDH› (verb)
1 she will be
:_______________________________.
byddi ‹
bə -dhi› v
1
you’ll be
byddi di you’ll be
mi fyddi di (North) you’ll be
fe fyddi di (South) you’ll be
ti fyddi (South-east) you’ll be
Ti fyddi fel goleuad yn y nefoedd
You’ll be like a light in heaven
Ble byddi
di’n aros heno? Where will you stay tonight?
ETYMOLOGY: Middle Welsh byddy
:_______________________________.
byddigions ‹
bə-DHIG-yons › pl
1
(colloquial) gentry
ETYMOLOGY: alteration of boneddigion (=
gentry)
NOTE: Some Points of Similarity in the Phonology of Welsh and Breton,
T.H. Parry-Williams, 1913
In W[elsh], however, the interchange of f and dd is quite common, especially in the dial[ect]s…
One example given of the change dd > f is byddigions (boneddigion, with the plur[al] s- ending of English) (= gentry) > byfigions
:_______________________________.
bydd
o ‹BII dho› (verb)
1 he will be (North)
:_______________________________.
byddach ‹BƏ
dhakh› (verb)
1 you will be (North-west) (South-east)
:_______________________________.
byddach chi ‹BƏ
dha khi› (verb)
1 you will be (North-west) (South-east)
:_______________________________.
bydda fo = byddai ef ‹BƏ dha vo› (verb)
1 he'd be (north); = standard byddai
ef
:_______________________________.
bydda hi ‹BƏ
dhai› (verb)
1 she'd be
:_______________________________.
bydda i ‹BƏ
dhai› (verb)
1 I'll be
:_______________________________.
byddai ‹BƏ
dhe› (verb)
1 she'd / it'd / he'd be
:_______________________________.
byddan ‹BƏ
dhan› (verb)
1 we will be (North-west); they will be
:_______________________________.
byddan nhw ‹BƏ
dha nu› (verb)
1 they will be (North-west) (South-east)
:_______________________________.
byddan ni ‹BƏ
dha ni› (verb)
1 we will be (North-west)
:_______________________________.
byddar ‹BƏ
dhar› (adjective)
1 deaf = able to hear only
with difficulty
Mae e fymryn
yn fyddar He’s a little bit deaf
2 mud a byddar ‹MIID a BƏ dhar› deaf and dumb
3 troi clust fyddar i rywbeth turn a deaf ear to something
:_______________________________.
byddat ‹BƏ
dhat› (verb)
1 you'd be (North-west)
:_______________________________.
byddat ti ‹BƏ
dha ti› (verb)
1 you'd be (North-west)
:_______________________________.
bydde ‹BƏ
dhe› (verb)
1 she'd / it'd / he'd be
:_______________________________.
byddech ‹BƏ
dhekh› (verb)
1 you'd be
:_______________________________.
byddech chi ‹BƏ
dhe khi› (verb)
1 you'd be
:_______________________________.
bydded
‹bə -dhed› verb
1 may it be (third person singular imperative form of the verb bod = to be)
Bydded i'r hen iaith barháu (in the
Welsh national anthem)
Long may the Welsh language live
(“may-it-be to-the old language continuing”)
2
Bydded goleuni Let there be light,
Fiat lux!
Genesis 1:3 A Duw a ddywedodd, Bydded
goleuni, a goleuni a fu
Genesis 1:3 And God said, Let there be light: and there was light
NOTE: also boed, bid
:_______________________________.
bydde fe ‹BƏ
dhe ve› (verb)
1 he'd be
:_______________________________.
bydde fo ‹BƏ
dhe vo› (verb)
1 he'd be (North)
:_______________________________.
bydde hi ‹BƏ
dhei› (verb)
1 she'd be
:_______________________________.
bydden ‹BƏ
dhen› (verb)
1 we'd be, they'd be
:_______________________________.
bydden nhw ‹BƏ
dhe nu› (verb)
1 they'd be
:_______________________________.
bydden ni ‹BƏ
dhe ni› (verb)
1 we'd be
:_______________________________.
byddet ‹BƏ
dhet› (verb)
1 you'd be
:_______________________________.
byddet ti ‹BƏ
dhe ti› (verb)
1 you'd be
:_______________________________.
byddi ‹BƏ
dhi› (verb)
1 you will be
:_______________________________.
byddi di ‹BƏ
dhi di› (verb)
1 you will be
:_______________________________.
byddin, PLURAL: byddinoedd ‹BƏ dhin,
bə DHI nodh› (feminine noun)
1 army
y fyddin = the army
gyrru byddin ar ffo to rout an army (“drive (an) army to flight”)
2 anhrefnu byddin throw an (enemy) army
into disarray (“disarrange (an) army”)
3
gwasanaethu yn y fyddin serve in the
army
4
canolfan fyddin army base (“centre
(of) army”)
5 byddin oresgynnol occupation force,
army of occupation, occupying army
:_______________________________.
byddwch ‹BƏ
dhukh› (verb)
1 you will be
:_______________________________.
byddwch
‹bə -dhukh› verb
1 be...!: imperative form, second person plural, of bod = to be
Byddwch yn ofalus iawn Be very
careful
:_______________________________.
byddwch chi ‹BƏ
dhu khi› (verb)
1 you will be
:_______________________________.
byddwn ‹BƏ
dhun› (verb)
1 we shall be
:_______________________________.
byddwn ni ‹BƏ
dhu ni› (verb)
1 we shall be
:_______________________________.
bydwraig, PLURAL: bydwragedd ‹BID reg, bid
RA-gedh› (feminine noun)
1 midwife
2 helygen y fydwraig (Salix herbacea) least willow
See: helygen leiaf (helyg
lleiaf)
:_______________________________.
bydysawd ‹bə
DƏ sawd› (masculine noun)
1 universe
:_______________________________.
byngythiad PLURAL: bygythiadau ‹bə
GƏTH yad, bə gəth YÂ de› (masculine noun)
1 threat
2 bod
dan fygythiad cael eu difa be under threat of extinction (“be under threat
(of) receiving its destroying”)
:_______________________________.
bylchu ‹BƏL
khi› (verb)
1 split
2 bylchu (wal) knock
down, flatten, smash open (a wall)
:_______________________________.
byngalo, PLURAL: byngalos ‹BƏN ga lo, BƏN ga los› (masculine noun)
1 bungalow
:_______________________________.
bynnag ‹BƏ nag›
Corresponds to English ‘ever’ added to interrogatives – whatever,
however, whenever, etc
1 faint bynnag however much
Chewch chi moni hi faint bynnag o arian a wariwch chi
You won’t get it no matter how much money you spend
2
pa gyn
lleied bynnag however little
:_______________________________.
bynsen
‹bən -sen› feminine noun
PLURAL byns
‹bəns ›
1 bun
y fynsen = the bun
bynsen hufen cream bun
bynsen y Grog hot cross bun (“bun
(of) the cross”)
:_______________________________.
byr
‹BIR› (adjective)
1 short
2 mewn byr eiriau in short
yn fyr in short
3 mynd y ffordd fyrraf go the shortest way
4 in street names:
..1/ Ffordd Fer
y ffordd fer “the short road”
Street name in
….a/ Caergybi (county of Ynys Môn)
….b/ Mynyddisa
(county of Y Fflint)
….c/ Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint)
(y = the) + (ffordd = road) + soft mutation + (ber,
feminine form of byr =
short)
..2/ Heol Fer
yr heol fer “the short street”
Name of a street in Penyrheol, in the town of Caerffili
(yr = the) + (heol = road) + soft mutation + (ber,
feminine form of byr =
short)
:_______________________________.
byrbryd ‹bər -brid› masculine noun
PLURAL byrbrydau
‹bər- brə -de›
1 snack
ETYMOLOGY: (byr- ‹ə› penult-syllable form of byr ‹i›
= short) + soft mutation + ( pryd = meal)
:_______________________________.
byrbysgodyn ‹bər-bə- skô -din› masculine noun
PLURAL byrbysgod
‹bər-bə -skod›
1 (Carrasius
carassius) crucian carp
ETYMOLOGY: (byr- ‹ə› penult-syllable form of byr ‹i›
= short) + soft mutation + ( pysgodyn = fish)
:_______________________________.
byrddaid, PLURAL: byrddeidiau ‹BƏR dhed,
bər DHEID ye› (masculine noun)
1 tableful
:_______________________________.
byrfyfyr
‹bər- vər
-vir› adjective
1 impromptu, improvised , off-hand
yn fyrfyfyr (adverb) off-hand
ateb yn fyrfyfyr
answer off hand, off the top of
your head
ETYMOLOGY: (byr- ‹ə›, penult-syllable form of byr ‹i› = short) + soft mutation + (myfyr = consideration, thought)
:_______________________________.
byrger, PLURAL: byrgers ‹BƏR gər, BƏR
gərs› (masculine noun)
1 burger
:_______________________________.
byrgler, PLURAL: byrgleriaid ‹BƏR gler,
bər GLER yed› (masculine noun)
1 burger
larwm
byrgler (a more colloquial
expression than larwm lladron) ‹la
rum BəR gler› burglar alarm
NOTE: Colloquial plural: byrglers
ETYMOLOGY: English BURGLAR <
Anglo-French burgler,
from Medieval Latin burglātor
burgulātor, from burgātor from burgātre (= to
commit burglary) < burgus
(= fortified town) from a Germanic word equivalent to English BURGH,
BOROUGH, BURY (= castle, fort).
If not from Germanic, Anglo-French burgler < Old French *borgl(er) from a Latin word based on a Gaulish word
:_______________________________.
byrgoes ‹BƏR
gos› (adjective)
1 short-legged
:_______________________________.
byrgorn
‹bər -gorn› adjective
1 short-horned
da byrgorn South Wales short-horned cattle
gwartheg byrgorn short-horned cattle
ETYMOLOGY: (byr-, penult-syllable
form of byr
= short) + soft mutation + (corn =
horn)
:_______________________________.
byrllysg ‹bər -lhisk› masculine noun
PLURAL byrllysgau
‹bər- lhə -ske›
1 mace = symbol of authority
2
mace = symbol of a mayor's authority in a borough
3
Y Byrllysg
mace of the English House of Commons, carried before the Speaker in procession
by the Serjeant-at-Arms, and which rests on the table when the parliament is in
session,)
ETYMOLOGY: (byr- ‹ə› penultimate syllable form of bwr = fat) + soft mutation + (llysg = stick)
NOTE: Less correctly as brysgyll ‹brə
-skilh›
byrllysg
> *bryllysg
< *brysllyg
> brysgyll
:_______________________________.
byrst ‹bərst› masculine noun
PLURAL byrstiau ‹bərst -ye›
1 burst
ETYMOLOGY: English burst < Old
English berstan, a word related to
English break
:_______________________________.
bys <BIIS> [biːs] masculine
noun
PLURAL bysedd ‹BƏ-sedh› [ˡbəsɛð]
1 finger
bys
bawd thumb
Mae pob bys
yn fawd ganddo He’s clumsy with his
fingers (“every finger is a thumb with him”)
bys
blaen forefinger, index finger
(“finger (of) front”)
mynegfys forefinger, index finger (“indicating
finger”)
uwdfys forefinger, index finger (“porridge finger”)
bys
yr uwd forefinger, index finger
(“finger (of) porridge”)
bys
canol middle finger (“middle
finger”)
hirfys middle finger (“long finger”)
canolfys middle finger (“middle finger”)
bys
y din (vulgar) middle finger
(“finger (of) the arse / ass”)
bys
modrwy ring finger (“dit (of) finger”)
bys
bach little finger (“little
finger”)
codi’r bys
bach be a drinker, be an excesive
drinker (“raise the little finger”)
clustfys little finger (“ear finger”)
2 ôl bys
PLURAL olion bysedd finger prints
3 blaen bys
finger tip
ar flaenau’ch bysedd at the tips of your fingers, at your fingertips
4 troi rhywun o gwmpas
eich bys
bach twist somebody round your
little finger
Chei di ddim cyffwrdd pen dy fys ynddo I won’t let you lay a finger on him (“you won’t get (the) touching (of
the) tip (of) your finger in him”)
5 estyn bys at (rywun) (“extend (a) finger to”)
(1) point somebody out,
(2) betray somebody;
(3) shake one’s finger at, reprimand somebody
estyn
bys
yng ngwegil (rhywun) point the finger of scorn at (“extend (aa)
finger in (the) back-of-the-neck (of) someone”)
6 dodi’ch bys ar y dolur put your finger on it (on the cause of the
trouble) (“put your finger on the wound”)
Also rhoi’ch bys...
7 Cystal bys a bawd â
chyllell a fforc Fingers were made
before forks (in excusing oneself for not eating with a knife and fork)
(“(it-is) as-good (a ) finger and thumb as (a) knife and fork”)
8 llosgi’ch bysedd burn your fingers, lose money in a venture
A losgodd ei fysedd a ochel y tân
Once bitten twice shy (“the person who burnt his fingers is the person who
avoids the fire”)
9 gweithio’ch bysedd at yr asgwrn work your fingers to the
bone
10 (musical instrument) twll bys finger hole
11 toe
bys
troed toe
12 finger = part of a glove which
covers a finger
13 something finger-shaped
14 hand (of clock, watch)
awrfys hour hand (“hour-finger”) (awr =
hour) + soft mutation + (bys = finger)
bys
awr hour hand (“finger (of) hour”)
bys
bach little hand (“little finger”)
bys
hir minute hand (“long finger”)
bys
mawr minute hand (“big finger”)
bys
munud minute hand (“minute finger”)
15 rhoi eich bys ym mhotes
arall = interfere in other people's
affairs (“put your finger in the soup of someone else”)
Mae gennych
fys
ym mhob brwes You have a finger in
every pie (“in every broth”)
16 mynd
rhwng eich bysedd slip through your
fingers
17 (South Wales) (in children's
rhymes) bys
y crogwr = ring finger
18 mêl ar eich bysedd (“honey on your fingers”) music to
one’s ears (in expressing Schadenfreude, or one’s delight at or satisfaction
with the misfortune of somebody else)
Mêl ar ei fysedd fu clywed fod llwynog wedi lladd bob un o ieir Jac Tyn-y-wern
It was wonderful to hear that a fox had killed every one of Jac (of) Tyn-y-wern (farm)’s
chickens
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
From the same British root: Cornish bys (= finger), bysow (=
finger ring); Breton bis (= finger), bizoù (= finger ring, ring
with jewels). The French word bijou (= jewel) is from Breton bizioù
:_______________________________.
bysedd ‹BƏ-sedh› [ˡbəsɛð] (plural
noun)
1 fingers; see bys
:_______________________________.
bysell
<BƏ-selh> [ˡbəsɛɬ] feminine
noun
PLURAL bysellau <bə-SE-lhai,
-lhe> [bəˡsɛɬaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 key (typewriter)
y fysell the key
ETYMOLOGY: (bys
= finger) + (-ell = suffix)
:_______________________________.
bysellfwrdd
<bə-SELH-vurdh> [bəˡsɛɬvʊrð] masculine
noun
PLURAL bysellfyrddau
<bə-selh-VƏR-dhai,
-dhe> [bəsɛɬˡvərðaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 keyboard
Sgiliau bysellfwrdd keyboard skills
ETYMOLOGY: calque on English “keyboard” (bysell
= typewriter key) + soft mutation + (bwrdd
= board)
:_______________________________.
bysiau <BƏS-yai, -ye> [ˡbəsjaɪ,
-ɛ] (plural
noun)
1 buses; see bws
:_______________________________.
byta
/ byta ‹BI–ta, BƏ –ta› [ˡbɪta,
ˡbəta] verb
1 a variant spelling of buta (= to eat); byta is a form with a loss of the quality of the
vowel y > y
:_______________________________.
byth <BITH> [bɪθ] (adverb)
1 never
Does dim byth
yn digwydd Nothing ever happens
2 for ever
Esra 9:12 fel y cryfhaoch, ac y mwynhaoch ddaioni y wlad, ac y gadawoch
hi yn etifeddiaeth i'ch meibion byth
Ezra 9:12 that ye may be strong, and eat the good of the land, and leave it for
an inheritance to your children for ever
3 bod byth mewn coffadwriaeth be in everlasting remembrance
Salmau 112:6 Yn ddiau nid ysgogir ef byth: y cyfiawn fydd byth mewn
coffadwriaeth.
Psalms 112:6 Surely he shall not be moved for ever: the righteous shall be in everlasting
remembrance.
4 am byth for ever
Cymru am byth
Wales forever / for ever
5 byth wedyn ever again
Weles i moni byth
wedyn I never saw her again
6 unwaith ag am byth once and for all
taliad unwaith ag am byth
a premium payment, a one-off payment
7
cymaint fyth a fynnoch chi as much
/ many as you like
:_______________________________.
byth bythoedd
<bith BƏ-thoidh,
-thodh> [bɪθ
ˡbəθɔɪð, -ɔð] adverb
1 never ever
2 Gwlad Byth Bythoedd
Never-Never Land
ETYMOLOGY: (byth = always / never) +
(bythoedd, plural of byth)
:_______________________________.
bytholi <bə-THOO-li> [bəˡθoˑlɪ] (verb with an object)
1
perpertuate
ETYMOLOGY: (bythol = eternal,
permanent) + (-i suffix for forming
verbs)
:_______________________________.
bythynnod <bə-THƏ-nod> [bəˡθənɔd] (plural noun)
1 cottages; see bwthyn
:_______________________________.
..1 byw
<BIU> [bɪʊ] (verb)
1 to live
byw yn sanctaidd live a saintly life
2
yn byw
<ən
BIU> [ən
ˡbɪʊ] (verb)
mae'n e'n byw
eto he's still alive to this day
Cf yn fyw <ən VIU> [ən ˡvɪʊ] (adverb) (yn = linking particle) +
soft mutation + (the adjective byw = alive)
3
byw
ym mhoced rhywun live by sponging off
others (“live in (the) pocket (of) someone”)
clywed y rhaglen a ddarlledir yn fyw listen to the programme being broadcast
live
hyd y ddau ddiwrnod olaf y bu fyw until his final two days on this
earth
Gobeithiai gael adferiad hyd y ddau ddiwrnod olaf y bu fyw
He hoped to recover from his illness (“hoped to get recovery”) until the last
two days he was alive
4
dechrau byw
marry and settle down (“begin living”)
5 byw mewn
hawddfyd live comfortably
6 byw
fel gŵr bonheddig live the
life of Riley (“live like a gentleman”)
7
(masculine noun) life
yn ’y myw
<ən
ə MIU> [ən ə ˡmɪʊ] = yn fy myw <ən və MIU> [ən
və ˡmɪʊ] (phrase) in all my life (I've never seen such a
thing, etc)
8
byw
bywyd dwbl live a double life
byw
dau fywyd live a double life (“live two
lives”)
9 byw
ar dda’r wlad live off the fat of
the land (“live on (the) good (of) the land”)
10 byw o olwg y byd live a sheltered life (“live (away) from
(the) sight (of) the world”)
11 y
neb sy’n byw
mewn ty^ gwydr
gocheled luchio cerrig people who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw
stones
12 digon
at eich byw enough to live on
Does ganddo ddigon at ei fyw He doesn’t have enough to live on
13
byw
ar eich cetyn (south-west) live off
your savings
byw
ar eich celc (north-west) live off your savings
byw
ar eich pentwr live off your savings
14
byw
ar elusen live on charity
byw
ar gardod live on charity
byw
ar y plwyf live on charity (“live on the
parish”)
15
ni fu fawr byw wedi hynny he didn’t
live long after that
16
byw yn y tywyllwch live in the dark,
live in ignorance
17
dechrau byw
begin married life, marry and settle down (“begin living”)
Nid aeth Francis a Rhianon Glyn ar draws
gwlad i dreulio eu dyddiau cyntaf gyda’u gilydd, canys nis gwyddent hwy am un
man mor brydferth a hen blasdy’r Friog, ac yno y dymunent ddechreu byw o dan y
gronglwyd a garent. Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (= Anne
Harriet Hughes 1852-1910 t174
Francis and Rhianon Glyn didn’t go away to spend their first days with each
other because they knew of no other place as pretty as the old mansion of
Friog, and there they wished to begin married life in the house (“under the
roof”) they loved
18
byw yn ddigon hen i weld (rhywbeth)
live to see (something), live long enough to see (something)
Yr oedd Lewis Lewis yn byw yn y ffermdy
yn ymyl y capel presennol, ond nis gwyddom iddo fyw yn ddigon hen i’w weled
Lewis Lewis lived in the farmhouse next to the present chapel but we don’t know
if he lived long enough to see it
:_______________________________.
..2 byw
<BIU> [bɪʊ] (adjective)
1 alive, living
2
yn fyw
o nadroedd snake infested, seething with snakes (“alive of / with snakes”)
3
bod byw
byth live forever
Bydd
ei enw fyw
byth his name will live for ever
4 codi o farw’n fyw come back from the dead (“rise from dead alive”)
5 live = not yet slaughtered or not
to be slaughtered for their meat
da byw
livestock (cows, sheep, pigs,
horses, poultry, etc)
Comisiwn Cig a Da Byw
Meat and Livestock Commission
6
bod yn dyst
byw o (rywbeth)
be a first-hand witness of (something) (which happened a long time ago)
7
used as a noun = (the) living people
y byw
a’r meirw the quick and the dead
:_______________________________.
bywiog
<BIU-yog> [ˡbɪʊjɔg] (adjective)
1 lively
:_______________________________.
byw na marw ‹biu na MAA-ru› [ˡbɪʊ na ˡmɑˑrʊ]
(North Wales)
1 no stopping
Doedd dim byw
na marw There was no stopping him,
He would take no refusal (“There was no living or dying)
Doedd dim byw
na marw na châi fynd He was impatient to go (“There was no living
or dying that he wouldn’t get to go)
ETYMOLOGY: “(no) living or dying” (byw = living) + (na = nor) + (marw = dying)
:_______________________________.
bywoliaeth
<biu-OL-yaith,
-yeth> [bɪʊˡɔljaɪθ,
-jɛθ] (feminine
noun)
1 living, livelihood
2 ennill eich bywoliaeth earn one's living
:_______________________________.
bywyd <BƏ-uid> [ˡbəʊɪd] masculine
noun
PLURAL bywydau
<bə-UI-dai, -de> [bəˡʊɪdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 life = condition which distinguishes animals and plants from
inorganic objects (growth through metabolism, reproduction, adaptation to
environment)
gwyddorau
bywyd life sciences
2 (Christianity) eternal life, everlasting life, the afterlife
Gair y Bywyd The Word of Life, the Christian message which describes
correct behaviour and belief for achieving life in heaven after death
The expression occurs twice in the Bible
Epistol Cyntaf Cyffredinol
Ioan yr Apostol 1:1 Yr hyn
oedd o’r dechreuad, yr hyn aglywsom,
yr hyn
awelsom â’n llygaid, yr hyn a edrychasom arno, ac a deimlodd
ein dwylo
am Air y bywyd
John-1 1:1 That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we
have seen with our eyes, which we have looked upon, and our hands have handled,
of the Word of life;
Philipiaid 2:16 Yn cynnal gair y bywyd; er gorfoledd i mi yn nydd
Crist, na redais yn ofer, ac na chymerais boen yn ofer
Philippians 2:16 Holding forth the word of life; that I may rejoice in the day
of Christ, that I have not run in vain, neither laboured in vain.
Siop Gair y Bywyd name of a
Christian bookshop yn Rhydaman SN6212 (county of Caerfyrddin)
Pren y Bywyd The Tree of Life, one of two special trees in the Garden
of Eden (the other was the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil). Eating the
fruit of the The Tree of Life would make man immortal, and the fruit of the
Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil would make man know the existence of these
two concepts. Adam and Eve are instructed by God not to eat the fruit of either
tree, but they disobey the order and eat the forbidden fruit of the Tree of
Knowledge of Good and Evil. God expels them from Paradise in case they are
tempted again and transgress by eating the fruit of the tree of Life.
Genesis 2:9 9 A gwnaeth yr Arglwydd Dduw
i bob pren dymunol i'r golwg, a daionus yn fwyd, ac i bren y bywyd yng nghanol yr ardd, ac i bren
gwybodaeth da a drwg, dyfu allan o’r ddaear.
Genesis 2:9 And out of the ground made the LORD God to grow every tree that is
pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of
the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.
Genesis 3:22 Hefyd yr Arglwydd Dduw a
ddywedodd, Wele y dyn sydd megis un ohonom ni, i wybod da a drwg. Ac weithian,
rhag iddo estyn ei law, a chymryd hefyd o bren y bywyd, a bwyta, a byw yn
dragwyddol: (23) Am hynny yr
Arglwydd Dduw a'i hanfonodd ef allan o ardd Eden, i lafurio'r ddaear, yr hon y
cymerasid ef ohoni. (24) Felly efe a
yrrodd allan y dyn, ac a osododd, o’r tu dwyrain i ardd Eden, y ceriwbiaid, a
chleddyf tanllyd ysgydwedig, i gadw ffordd pren y bywyd
Genesis 3:22 And the Lord God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to
know good and evil: and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the
tree of life, and eat, and live for ever:(23) Therefore the Lord God sent him
forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken.
(24) So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden
Cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the
tree of life.
y bywyd
sydd i ddod the life to come, the
afterlife
y bywyd
arall the afterlife (“the other life”)
y bywyd
tu hwnt i’r llen the afterlife (“the life beyond the veil / curtain”)
bywyd
tragwyddol eternal life
3 life = person (in stating the number of dead in an accident, war,
etc by referring to 'lives lost', 'saved')
achub bywyd
/ achub bywydau
life saving
Achub Bywyd Beistonna Surf Life Saving
Collwyd
bywydau lawer Many lives were lost
Mae ’na fwy nag un ffordd o achub bywyd There’s more than one way of
saving a life
5 life = living things
bywyd
gwyllt wildlife
bywyd
llysieuol plant life
6 life = length of the existence of a life form
ar hyd
ei fywyd all his life
Daeth trobwynt
mawr yn ei fywyd A
major turning point came in his life
mae bywyd
y claf yn treio the patients life is ebbing away
rhod bywyd
life cycle
Trueni oedd ei golli mor
gynnar yn ei fywyd
It was a pity to lose him so early in his life
yn ei fywyd
in his life
yn ystod ei fywyd
during his life
7 life = existence, circumstances in which one lives
am fywyd!
what a life!
byw
bywyd braf lead a happy life
byw bywyd i'r eithaf live life to the full
byw’ch bywyd
eich hun live your
own life
bywyd
ar ôl ysgol life after school, after leaving school
Bywyd
Ben i Waered - Cipolwg ar fywydau rhai o'r Cymry
sydd wedi ymfudo i Awstralia
Life Down Under (“head to bottom”, upside down) (= title of a TV progamme)
– a look at the lives of Welsh people who have emigrated to Australia
cael bywyd
go ddiflas have a fairly unpleasant life
Dyma’r bywyd
This is the life!
Dymunaf bob llwydd
a bendith i chwi yn eich bywyd a'ch
cartref newydd I wish you every
success and blessing in your new life and home
Dyna beth yw
bywyd braf! What a splendid life
gwella bywyd i'r
henoed improve
life for old people
gwneud bywyd
yn rhwyddach make life easier
gwneud eich bywyd
yn boen o'r mwyaf make
your life a total pain
Mae bywyd
yn hyfryd yn y fro ma Life is pleasant
in the area
mewn bywyd
sifil in civilian life
Nid wy’n gofyn bywyd moethus, Aur y byd na'i berlau mân
I don’t ask for a luxurious life, gold of the world and its small pearls (hymn
– Calon Lân / “A Pure Heart”)
Roedd y tri oedd yn cyfrif yn ei bywyd – ei dau fab a’i gwr - wedi
eu cipio oddi arni o fewn ychydig fisoedd
The three people who counted in her life – her two sons and her husband – were
taken from her in the space of a few months
Tydi bywyd
yn gymhleth, 'dwch Isn’t life complicate, eh? (North)
8 life = time of existence until
now; from birth until the present
ar hyd
fy mywyd all my life
9 life = existence contrasted with death
am eich bywyd
= for dear life, as if one's life depended on it, trying to save one’s life
(also am eich einioes, am ei hoedl)
mater o fywyd
a marwolaeth a matter of life and death
perygl
bywyd danger to life, danger of
death
10 life = remaining time of existence; time from now until death
Byddai’n berygl
bywyd iddi wneud hynny She’d be putting her in danger / at risk by
doing that
aberthu eich bywyd
er mwyn... (rhywbeth)
sacrifice your life for (something)
am weddill eich oes for the rest of
your life
ar boen eich bywyd
putting your life at risk life in danger / at risk by doing that
colli’ch bywyd
lose one’s life
digon am eich bywyd putting your life at risk
Fe fyddai’n ddigon am eich bywyd grosi’r afon fel y mae hi heddiw
You’d be risking your life to cross the river as it is today / the way it is
today
Gad fy mywyd
imi Spare my life
rhoi’ch bywyd
dros rywun sacrifice your life for
somebody
yswiriant bywyd
life assurance / insurance
11 life – graphic representation of the visual world
bywyd
llonydd still life
tebyg
i fywyd true to life
12 life = activity followed with enthusiasm, activity to which one
devotes all one's effort and time,
activity which gives purpose to one's existence
Darllen oedd ei fywyd, ar hèth a hindda, a thrwy sbectol un lens...
Reading was his life, winter and summer, and through a monocle
13 life = specified part of one's existence
bywyd
rhywiol sex life
bywyd
teuluol family life
14 life = biography
Bywyd Blodwen Jones the life of Blodwen Jones
Bywyd y Bugail the shepherd’s life
15 liveliness, animation, energy,
vibrancy
Bachgen llawn bywyd oedd Siôn Siôn was a boy full of life
Roedd yna gryn
dipyn mwy
o fywyd yn y rhaglenni newydd yn y gyfres
There was a lot more life in the new programmes in the series
16 bywyd newydd new
life, reinvigoration
Bywyd newydd i'r hen iaith a new life for the native language
dechrau bywyd newydd start a new
life
17 life = social activity
bywyd
nos night life
bywyd
cymdeithasol social life
18 life = way of life, characteristic manner in which a people go
about their activities
Mi 'roedd bywyd
yr ysgol yn sobor o ddof a diniwad o'i gymharu â bywyd
yr hogia' ar y ffermydd o gwmpas.
Hwnnw oedd y bywyd i mi
(t11 'R wy'n
Cofio / Yr Hen Was / 1963)
School life was extremely tame and innocent compared to the life of the ads on
the farms around. That was the life for me.
Nod yr amgueddfa werin yw
cyflwyno bywyd a diwylliant gwerin Cymru dros y
canrifoedd
The aim of the folk museum is to present the life and culture of the commonfolk
of Wales over the centuries
19 way of life = culture and traditions of a people
Ni fu Seisnigaeth erioed yn fwy peryglus i
brydferthwch a gwerth y bywyd Cymreig nag ydyw
heddiw. (Gwr y Dolau neu Ffordd y Troseddwr / W Llewelyn Williams
1899 t3)
Englishness was never more of a danger to the splendour and value of Welsh life
than it is today
20 form of existence, routine, customs, of a people in a certain
environment
bywyd academaidd academic life, the life of a
university student or teacher
21 deddf parhâd bywyd law of self-preservation (“law (of)
continuance (of) life”)
22 llyfr y bywyd the book of life, a list of all those
chosen for Heaven
Philipiaid 4:3 Ac yr ydwyf yn dymuno arnat tithau, fy ngwir gymar, cymorth y
gwragedd hynny y rhai yn yr efengyl a gydlafuriasant à mi, ynghyd â Chlement
hefyd, a'm cyd-weithwyr eraill, y rhai y mae eu henwau yn llyfr y bywyd.
Philippians 4:3 And I entreat thee also, true yokefellow, help those
women which laboured with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and with other
my fellowlabourers, whose names are in the book of life.
23 perygl bywyd danger to life and limb a menace, source of
danger (“danger (of) life”)
Mae dilyn
llwybr
cyhoeddus yn un rhan o Gymru yn beryg bywyd
ar ôl i ffordd osgoi newydd
gael ei hagor. Mae pedwar llwybr
cyhoeddus yn croesi ffordd osgoi newydd Y Felinheli yng Ngwynedd
Following a public footpath in one part of Wales is a danger to life and limb
after a new bypass was opened . Four public footpaths cross the new the bypass
in Felinheli in Gwynedd (Cymro 08 Mehefin 1994)
23 tebyg i fywyd go iawn
true to life, life-like (“similar to real life”)
24 rhoi’ch bywyd ar antur put your life at risk
25 ar draul ei fywyd at the cost of his life
ar gost ei fywyd at the cost of his life
26 byw bywyd dwbl
live a double life
byw
dau fywyd live a double life (“live two
lives”)
27 colli’ch bywyd lose your life
28
gwneud eich bywyd
yn uffern i chi make your life hell (“make your life a hell to you”)
30 marw yn gynnar ar ei fywyd die young, die
early in life
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
*biwot-
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