A
Welsh to English Dictionary in page format
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_ce_1071e.htm
Yr Hafan / Home Page
..........2659e Y Porth Saesneg / English
Gateway to this Website
.....................0010e Y Gwegynllun / Siteplan
..............................0417e
Geiriaduron / Dictionaries
........................................1813e Geiriaduron yn Saesneg / Dictionaries in
English
....................................................1818e Y mynegai i'r geiriadur arlein hwn /
Index to this online dictionary
.................................................................Y Tudalen Hwn
/ This Page
|
|
|
Gwefan
Cymru-Catalonia
|
(delw 4666) |
∆
…..
TUDALENNAU
ERAILL Y GEIRIADUR HWN
OTHER PAGES IN THIS DICTIONARY
1580e
A | 1039e B | 1735e BR | 1018e C | 1071e CE | 1675e CI |
1040e CR |
1075e CY | 1020e D | 1674e DI | 1072e E | 1077e F |
1021e G | 1042e GW |
1038e H |
1676e HY, I, J, K, | 1865e
L | 1022e M | 1677e MI | 1047e N | 1600e O | 1023e P | 1073e PL |
1026e R |
1070e S | 1024e T |
1076e TR | 1025e U,V | 1731e W, X | 1586e
Y, Z |
:_______________________________.
cebáb ‹ke BAB, ke BÀ be / ke BABS› (masculine noun) [kɛˡbab, kɛˡbabz]
1 kebab =
meat and vegetables cooked on a skewer
cebáb sbeisiog spicy
kebab (colloquially, cebáb sbeisi)
shish-cebáb shish-kebab
:_______________________________.
cebystr, cebystrau ‹KE bist, ke BƏS tre› [ˡkeˑbɪstr, kɛˡbɪstrɛ,
-ai] (masculine noun) (North
Wales)
The colloquial form is cebyst’ [ˡkeˑbɪst]
1 halter (rope for holding animals); hangman’s noose;
beth gebyst’... (North Wales) = what the hell...?
:_______________________________.
Cedewain ‹ke DEU ain› [kɛˡdɛuaɪn] (feminine noun) (kantrev name)
1 medieval
territory in the North-east
Llanfair yng Nghedewain former hamlet in
Powys, replaced in 1279 by the Norman borough of Y Drenewydd (“the place
called Llanfair which is in Cedewain”). There are many settlements called
Llanfair (“Marychurch”) and in most cases they are differentiated by the
addition of a tag, as in this case.
:_______________________________.
cedor <KEE-dor> [ˡkeˑdɔr] feminine and masculine noun
PLURAL cedorau
<ke-DOO-rai,
-rai, -e>
[kɛˡdoˑraɪ, -ɛ]
1 pubic hair(s)
y ºgedor = the pubic hair
llau cedor pubic lice, lice in the
pubic hair; crab lice, crabs (Phthirus pubis)
Cywydd y Cedor “(the) poem (of )the pubic hair”, a
strict-metre work in praise of the vulva by Gwerful Mechain, a
female poet in the 1400s from the kúmmud of Mechain in Powys.
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
Breton: kezhour (= pubic hair),
Irish: caithir (= down, pubic hair)
NOTE: see cedowrach (= deadly
nightshade, belladona), from cedor y
ºwrach (= (the) pubic hair (of) the witch)
:_______________________________.
cedor ºgelc
<KEE-dor
GELK>
[keˑdɔr ˡgɛlk] feminine
noun
North Wales
1 hair of the armpit
ETYMOLOGY: (cedor = pubic hair) +
soft mutation + (celc = hidden)
:_______________________________.
cedor y ºwrach
<KEE-dor
ə wRAAKH>
[keˑdɔr ə ˡwrɑːɑˑx] feminine noun
1 see cedowrach
:_______________________________.
cedorol
<ke-DOO-rol> [kɛˡdoˑrɔl] adjective
1 pubic
ETYMOLOGY: (cedor = pubic hair) + (-ol = suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
cedowrach
<ke-DOU-rakh> [kɛˡdourax] feminine noun
1 Atropa belladonna = deadly nightshade, belladona
y gedowrach = the belladona
ETYMOLOGY: cedowrach < cedor y wrach = ((the) pubic hair (of)
the witch)
NOTE: codwarth (a variant of this
word)
:_______________________________.
cedr ‹KEDR› [ˡkɛdr] masculine non
1 cedar; see cedrwydden
ETYMOLOGY: (in the 1500s) Cymricisation of Latin cedrus (= cedar)
:_______________________________.
Cedron
<KE-dron> [ˡkɛdrɔn]
1 Kedron, Kidron; a ravine
below the eastern wall of Jerusalem, a small stream which rises near Jerusalem,
and flows through the Iehosophat valley, disgorging into the Dead Sea
(1) Ioan 18:1 Gwedi i’r Iesu ºddywedyd y geiriau hyn,
efe a aeth allan, efe a’i ºddisgyblion, dros afon Cedron, lle yr oedd gardd,
i’r hon yr aeth efe a’i ºddisgyblion
John 18:1 When Jesus has spoken these words, he went forth with his disciples
over the brook Cedron, where was a garden, into the which he entered, and his
disciples
2 chapel name (eg for example, at Nanmor, near Beddgelert) (name
said to be given because the chapel was next to a stream)
NOTE: The stream is mentioned another nine times in the Welsh Bible as Cidron (qv)
:_______________________________.
cedrwydden
<kedr-WƏ-dhen> [kɛdrˡwəðɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL cedrwydd <KEDR-widh> [ˡkɛdrwɪð]
1 cedar tree
y ºgedrwydden = the cedar tree
ETYMOLOGY: (cedr = cedar) + soft
mutation + (gwydden = tree)
:_______________________________.
cedrwydden
Líbanus <kedr-WƏ-dhen LI-ba-nis> [kɛdrˡwəðɛn ˡlɪbanɪs] feminine noun
PLURAL cedrwydd Líbanus <KEDR-widh LI-ba-nis> [ˡkɛdrwɪð ˡlɪbanɪs]
1 cedar of Lebanon = Cedrus libani, tall tree, level
spreading branches
ETYMOLOGY: (cedrwydden = cedar) + (Líbanus = Lebanon)
:_______________________________.
Cedweli <ked-WEE-li> [kɛdˡweˑlɪ] (feminine noun) (kantrev name)
1 medieval
territory in the South-west; town in the South-west
:_______________________________.
cedyrn <KEE-dirn> [ˡkeˑdɪrn] adjective
1 plural form of the adjective cadarn
= strong.
cedyrn
rhyfel mighty (literary)
warriors (“strong ones (of) war”)
Plural adjectives in Welsh are also used as plural nouns - y cedyrn (= the strong)
Ynys y
Cedyrn the island of Britain (“(the) island) of the
mighty (warriors)”)
:_______________________________.
Y Cefan
<ə
KEE-van>
[ə ˡkeˑvan]
1 south-eastern form of the
place name Y Cefn.
This is a short form of name beginning with cefn (= hill):
..1/ Cefncoedycymer
Ma fa’n byw ar
y Cefan He lives in
Cefncoedycymer
..2/ Cefncribwr
NOTE: cefn > cefen <KEE-ven> [ˡkeˑvɛn] in the
south. In south-east Wales, a final e
become a, hence cefan. Dialectally there can also be palatalisation of the c to give Y Ciefan [ə
ˡkjeˑvan]
:_______________________________.
ceffyl, ceffylau ‹KE fil, ke FƏ lai, -e› [ˡkeˑfɪl] [kɛˡfəlaɪ,
kɛˡfəlɛ] (masculine
noun)
Diminutive form: ceffylyn [kɛˡfəlɪn]
A clipped form of
ceffylau is ’ffyle [ˡfəlɛ]
1 horse
2 ceffyl
wedi rhedeg a runaway horse
(“hore after running”)
3 ceffyl
pren wooden horse
mor
brìn â ºººchachu ceffyl pren (said of something scarce) “as scarce as the shit of a wooden
horse”
4 Ceffylyn Rhygyngog (“(the) ambling nag”) A folk tune in a “The Cambrian Quarterly Magazine and Celtic
Repertory” (1830). The English name is given as “Galloping Nag”.
:_______________________________.
ceffyl haearn <KEE-fil HEI-arn> [ˡkeˑfɪl ˡhəɪarn] masculine noun
PLURAL ceffylau
haearn <ke-FƏ-lai, -le,
HEI-arn>
[kɛˡfəlaɪ,
-ɛ, ˡhəɪarn]
1 (obsolete) (poetic) car
2 (obsolete) bicycle
In the days of long ago, when bicycles were an object of awe and wonder to the
youth of Carnarvon, we never called them by any other name other than ceffyl haearn or car gwyllt
T Hudson Williams (1873-1961), University College, Bangor / Vox Populi - A Plea
for the Vulgar Tongue
NOTE: ceffyl haearn = iron horse, car gwyllt = wild sled
3 (obsolete) train
4 andiron, fire dog
ceffyl haearn = offeryn haearn, ar ºlun ceffyl, yn cadw'r tân yn ºdrefnus
(t195 Rhai o Eiriau Llafar Sir Drefaldwyn BBCS 1, Rhan 3 Tachwedd 1922)
an iron implement, horse-shaped, which keeps the fire tidy
(Some Spoken Words from Montgomeryshire, BBCS 1, Part 3, November 1922)
ETYMOLOGY: “iron horse” (ceffyl = horse) + (haearn
= iron)
:_______________________________.
cefn, cefnau <KEVN, KEE-ven, KEV-nai,
-ai, -e>
[kɛvn, ˡkeˑvɛn,ˡkɛvnaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1 back
2 cael eich cefn
atoch recover after an illness (“get your back to you”)
3 bod
â’ch cefn at (person) have one’s back turned to (someone); (house) back
onto (“be with your back towards”)
Roedd Elen â’i chefn ato wrth iddi agor y
llythyr Elen had her back
towards him as she opened the letter
Mae’r ty â’i
ºgefn at y parc The house
backs onto the par
4 middle (of a period of time)
ºgefn trymedd nos in the dead of night (“back (of) heaviness (of)
night”)
5 clap
ar y cefn a clap on the back (a sign of congratulation)
6 cadw cefn rhywun plead someone’s cause (“keep (the) back (of) somebody”)
7
torri cefn y gwaith break the back
of the work
8 adnabod rhywbeth fel cefn eich llaw know something like the back of your hand
9
wrth ºgefn set by, in reserve
bod gennych ºddigon wrth ºgefn to
have enough to live on
cadw (rhywbeth)
wrth ºgefn keep something in
reserve
cynllun wrth ºgefn contingency
plan
bod â ºººchwestiwn wrth ºgefn have a
question ready to spring on somebody, have a surprise question, have a question
up your sleeve
10 (Topography) (Place-names) ridge, hill; =
low long hill
(According to the journal of the Cardiganshire Antiquarian Society 1936 / 11 /
p65: “ridge or ‘backbone’ of a mountain or hill. ‘Cefn’ is the word generally
applied to a ridge or high land at the top of a valley”
(See Cefn Coch, Cefn Brith, etc)
11 Hwnnw oedd y gwelltyn olaf ar ºgefn y camel this was the straw that broke the camel’s
back, this was the last straw (“this was the last straw on the back of the
camel”)
12 trachefn <tra-KHEE-ven> [traˡxeˑvɛn] obsolete, preposition
behind (tra = beyond) + spirant
mutation + (cefn = back)
In South Wales, trachefn > trachefen, trachefan
“Kae tracheuen y skibbor”, Year
1676; Llangrallo / Laleston (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr / Bridgend)
In modern spelling this is
Cae Trachefen y Sgubor <KAI tra-KHEE-ven ə SKII-bor> [ˡkai
traˡxeˑvɛn ə ˡskiˑbɔr],
a colloquial form of
literary Welsh Y Cae Trachefn yr Ysgubor <ə KAI tra-KHEVN ər ə-SKII-bor> [ə ˡkai traˡxɛvn ər əˡskiˑbɔr],
though the local
pronunciation is likely to have been “Cä’ Trachevan y Sgupor” <ə KÄÄ tra-KHEE-van ə SKII-por> [ə ˡkæː traˡxeˑvan ə ˡskiˑpɔr],
“the field behind the barn” (y = the) + (cae
= field) + (trachefn = behind) + (y = the) + (ysgubor = barn)
13
drachefn <dra-KHEE-ven> [draˡxeˑvɛn] adverb again
:_______________________________.
Cefnbychan ‹ke-ven- bə -khan›
1 locality in Wrecsam. English
name: Newbridge
ETYMOLOGY: y cefn bychan = ‘liitle
hill’ (y definite article) + (cefn = back, hill) + (bychan = little)
:_______________________________.
cefnder
("ce’nder"), cefnderwyr ‹KEVN der, KEN der; kevn DER wir› (masculine noun)
1 cousin
:_______________________________.
cefndir,
cefndiroedd ‹KEVN dir, kevn-DII-roidh, -rodh› (masculine noun)
1 background
2 cilio i’r cefndir take a back seat, fade into the background, move
out of the public eye (“retreat to the background”)
ETYMOLOGY: (cefn = back) + soft mutation + (tir = land, ground)
:_______________________________.
cefndrum ‹KEVN drim› (feminine noun)
1 ridge
y Gendrum ‹O GEN drim›
:_______________________________.
cefnfor,
cefnforoedd ‹KEVN vor, kevn-VORR-oidh, -odh› (masculine noun)
1 ocean
ETYMOLOGY: (cefn = back) +
soft mutation + (môr = sea)
NOTE: In South Wales as cenfor ‹KEN vor›.
In many words in Welsh with the
element cefn in the penultimate syllable , the [v] is elided
cefnraff > cenraff, cefnfordd > cenffordd, cefnder > cender, cefnllif > cenlli, Y Gefnros
> Y Genros / Y Gendros, etc
:_______________________________.
cefngrwm ‹KEVN grum› (adjective)
1 having a curved
back
2 (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) eog cefngrwm (m) eogiaid cefngrwm
pink salmon
:_______________________________.
cefn gwlad ‹ke-ven gwlaad› masculine noun
1 countryside = the rural part
of a land;
yng ººnghefn gwlad in the
countryside, upcountry
byw yng
ººnghefn gwlad live in the
country
yng ººnghefn gwlad Cymru in the
Welsh countryside
Un o synau cyfarwydd yr haf yng ººnghefn gwlad Cymru yn y dyddiau
a ºfu
oedd crawcian y rhegen yr yd
One of the familiar summer sounds in the Welsh countryside in days gone by was
the croaking of the corncrake
Deddf Bywyd Gwyllt a ºººChefn Gwlad the Wildlife and Coutnryside Act (=
environmental protection law)
Rheolau Cefn Gwlad The Countryside
Code (recommendations and prohibitions for visitors to rural areas – e.g. keep
dogs on a lead, not to light fires, not to leave farm gates open, etc)
Nid yw
cefn gwlad yn ºBaradwys
ºDdaearol o ºbell ffordd
The countryside is not an earthly Paradise by any manner of means
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) back(bone) (of the) country” (cefn = back) + (gwlad =
country)
:_______________________________.
cefn haul ‹ke-ven hail ›
1
place shaded from the sun
yng ººnghefn haul out of the sun’s reach
Yr oedd yn ºdyddyn bychan, gwlyb, oer, creigiog, anial, yn ººnghefn
haul, ar ochr ºogleddol y llechwedd serth hwnw a elwir ‘Newydd ºFynyddog.’
It was a tiny smallholding, wet, cold, craggy, barren, out of the sun’s
reach, on the northern side of the steep slope called “Newydd Fynyddog”
ETYMOLOGY: (cefn = back) + (haul = sun)
:_______________________________.
Cefn Hirfynydd ‹ke-ven hir- və -nidh›
1 (SO4194 ) ridge 13 km long
by Church Stretton in Shropshire, England.
English name: The Long Mynd (“mynd” is an adaptation of Welsh “mynydd”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) ridge (of) Hirfynydd”)
(cefn = ridge); Hirfynydd is “long moutain” (hir = long) + soft mutation + ( mynydd = mountain, hill)
:_______________________________.
cefnllif
‹kevn -lhi› masculine
noun
1 deluge, torrent; see cenllif
:_______________________________.
cefnogi ‹kev NO gi› (verb)
1 to back, to
support
:_______________________________.
cefn wrth ºgefn
‹ke –ven urth ge-ven› adjective
1 back to back
tai cefn wrth ºgefn back to back
houses
ETYMOLOGY: (cefn = back) + soft
mutation + (cefn)
:_______________________________.
Cefn y Castell
‹ke-ven-ə- ka
-stelh›
1 third highest (364m) of
three peaks of Mynydd
Breiddin
English name: Middletown Hill
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) hill (of) the castle”)
(cefn = back, hill) + (y definite article) + + (castell = castle)
:_______________________________.
Cefn-y-coed
‹kevn-ə-koid ›
1 name of a house in Bangor
(Gwynedd)
2 farm north of Llanfaglan, and to the west of
Y Bontnewydd, near Caernarfon, Gwynedd
SH4860
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/237254
map
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill (of) the wood”, “wood hill” , “wooded hill”
(cefn
= back, hill) + (y definite article)
+ (coed = wood)
:_______________________________.
Cefn y ºFedw
‹kevn-ə- ve -du›
1 Place by Rhiwabon. Called by
the English ‘Ruabon Mountain’
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill (of) the birch trees / (of) the birch wood”
(cefn
= back, hill) + (y definite article)
+ soft mutation + (bedw = birch
wood, birch grove)
:_______________________________.
Cefyn <KEE-vin> [ˡkeˑvɪn] (masculine
noun)
1 Cymricised form of the English name Kevin, ultimately from Irish Caoimhín,
from caomh (= dear, loved) + diminutive suffix –ín. The word caomh
corresponds to Welsh cu (= loved)
:_______________________________.
ceg, cegau ‹KEEG, KEE ge› (feminine noun)
1 mouth
y geg = the mouth
2 brechlyn trwy’r ºgeg oral vaccine (“through the mouth”)
3 tarian geg (Sport) gumshield
4 cau ceg fel llyffant = shut up on purpose (in the district d’Arfon,
now part of the county of Gwynedd)
5 bod yng ººngheg
y byd be common knowledge (“be
in the mouth of the world”)
:_______________________________.
cega ‹KÊ ga› (verb)
1 prattle
cega ar (rywun) go on at (somebody)
:_______________________________.
cegaid
‹ke -ged› feminine noun
PLURAL cegeidiau
‹ke- geid -ye›
1 mouthful
y ºgegaid = the mouthful
cymryd
gormod o ºgegaid bite off more
than you can chew (“take (an) excess of mouthful”)
ETYMOLOGY: (ceg = mouth) + (-aidd suffix for forming nouns indicating
the content or capacity of a container )
NOTE: also cegiad in the north
:_______________________________.
cegddu
‹keg -dhii› adjective
1 black-mouthed
ETYMOLOGY: (ceg = mouth) + soft
mutation + (du = mouth)
:_______________________________.
cegddu
‹keg -dhi› masculine
noun
PLURAL cegdduon
‹ke- dhî -on›
1 (Merluccius merluccius) =
hake
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) blackmouthed (fish)”, “the fish with a black mouth”
(See the previous entry)
:_______________________________.
cegid
‹kê-gid› plural
1 See cegiden = hemlock
:_______________________________.
cegiden
‹ke-gî-den› feminine
noun
PLURAL cegid
‹kê-gid›
1 Conium maculatum hemlock
y ºgegiden = the hemlock
(delw
7054)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
From the same British root: Cornish kegez
(= hemlock), Breton kegid (=
hemlock)
:_______________________________.
cegiden leiaf
‹ke-gî-den lei-av› feminine
noun
PLURAL cegid
lleiaf ‹cê-gid lhei-av›
1 y ºgegiden ºleiaf fool’s parsley Aethusa cynapium; alternative name of gwyn y
cloddiau "white (flower)
of the hedges"
ETYMOLOGY: "lesser hemlock" (cegiden
= hemlock) + soft mutation + (lleiaf
= least, smallest)
:_______________________________.
Cegidfa
<ke-GID-va> [kɛˡgɪdva] feminine
noun
Ordnance Survey Map Reference: SJ2211
1 SJ2211 locality in northern Powys, north of Y Trallwng / Welshpool.
English name: Guilsfield
Population: 852 (1961)
Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 14% (1961)
(delw 7055)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/268537
2
seat on Cyngor Sir Powys (the
county council of Powys)
representing this locality
ETYMOLOGY: "hemlock place", place where hemlock grows (cegid = hemlock) + (-fa suffix, = place).
Unusually this place name, unlike others of the same type, is not preceded by
the definite article (*Y ºGegidfa would
be the form otherwise)
:_______________________________.
cegidog
‹ke-gî-dog› adjective
1 abounding in hemlock
2
feminine noun place abounding in
hemlock
3
Ordnance Survey Map Reference: SH9775
Cegidog former name of
Llan-sain-siôr, between Abergele and Cinmel (county of Conwy)
4
Ordnance Survey Map Reference: SJ2556
Afon Cegidog This is a river in the
county of Wrecsam, 6km north of the town of Wrecsam, running into the Afon Alun
south of the village of Cefn-y-bedd
ETYMOLOGY: (cegid = hemlock) + (-og adjectival suffix, common with
plant names)
:_______________________________.
cegin,
ceginau ‹KE gin, ke GI ne› (feminine noun)
1 kitchen
y ºgegin = the kitchen
2 cegin ºgawl
PLURAL ceginau cawl soup kitchen
3 cegin ºfach, ceginau bach ‹KE gin VAAKH, ke gi ne BAAKH› back kitchen
4 cegin ºgefn, ceginau cefn ‹CE gin GE ven, ke gi ne KE ven› back kitchen
:_______________________________.
..1 ceglyn ‹ke-glin› masculine noun
PLURAL caglau
‹ka-gle›
1 sheep dropping, goat
dropping
2 Meirionnydd, a district of the county of Gwynedd rascal
ETYMOLOGY: (cagl = excrement) + (-yn, diminutive suffix); the suffix has caused affection of the preceding vowel a > e
:_______________________________.
..2 ceglyn ‹keg -lin›
masculine noun
PLURAL ceglynnoedd,
ceglynnau ‹keg lə –nodh, -ne›
1 mouthwash, gargle; = liquid for gargling;
(colloquially = peth golchi ceg
“thing (for) washing mouth”)
ETYMOLOGY: (first recorded example: 1773) (ceg
= mouth) + soft mutation + ( llyn = liquid )
:_______________________________.
cei ‹kei › verb
1 you will get, you will have <
cael
cei di you’ll get
Annwyd gei di You’ll catch a cold
Fe’i cei di hi! You’ll cop it!
You’ll get it! (= you will be punished)
:_______________________________.
cei, ceiau 2 ‹KEI, KEI e› (masculine noun)
1 quay
:_______________________________.
ceibr
‹kei -bir› masculine
noun
PLURAL ceibrau ‹kei -bre›
1 beam
Pen-rhiw-ceibr place name – from
“pen rhiw’r ceibr” (‘top of the slope of the beam, top of the hill of the beam’
– probably indicates a place where there were trees which were felled to use as
roof beams) (a linking definite article, in this case ’r, is often omitted in place names)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ceibr < British
< Latin * caprio, caprion- (=
beam) < caper (= goat)
From the same British root: Cornish keber
(= beam, rafter, joist), Breton kebr
(= beam, rafter, joist);
Cf other languages also with words derived from Latin *caprio, caprion- (= beam)
(1) French chevron, (2) Irish cabar (= pole, rafter)
Cf Latin capreoli (= little goats,
two pieces of wood forming rafters), Catalan cabrió (= rafter)
NOTE: There is a diminutive form: ceibren,
plural ceibrenni
:_______________________________.
ceibren,
ceibrenni ‹KEI bren, kei BRE ni› (feminine noun)
1 beam
y geibren = the beam
2
ceibren cafn valley rafter, rafter
of the angle where two slopes of a roof meet
ETYMOLOGY: diminutive form of ceibr
(= beam), through the addition of the suffix -en
:_______________________________.
Ceidiog ‹kei
di-yog› masculine noun
1
stream name
The church of Llandrillo is situated on a mound by the Ceidiof stream not far
from the point that it flows into the river Dyfrdwy / Dee
Nant Ceidiog “(the) Ceidiog
stream” name of a house in Llandrillo
:_______________________________.
ceidwad,
ceidwaid ‹KEID wad, KEID wed› (masculine noun)
1 keeper
2 ceidwad parc ‹keid wad PARK› park keeper
:_______________________________.
ceiliagwydd ‹keil- ya -guidh› masculine noun
PLURAL ceiliagwyddau ‹keil-ya- gui -dhe›
1 gander = male goose
2
term of disrespect: noisy fool
3
mis y clacwydd "(the) month (of) the gander" the gandermonth; the month when
the gnader sits on the goose’s eggs; the month when a husband stays at home to
tend to his wife who is about to give birth and do the domestic chores
NOTE: Colloquial forms are North Wales clagwydd, South Wales clacwydd and clacwdd
ETYMOLOGY: (ceiliag, form of ceiliog = cock, male bird) + soft
mutation + (gwydd = goose); from the same British root: Cornish keliogoedh = gander
:_______________________________.
ceillgwd ‹keilh -gud› masculine noun
PLURAL ceillgydau
‹keilh- gə -de›
1 scrotum
ETYMOLOGY: “testicle-bag” (ceill-
penult form of caill = testicle) +
soft mutation + ( cwd = bag)
:_______________________________.
ceiloca
‹kei- lô-ka› verb
South-east Wales
1 philander, chase women
ETYMOLOGY: south-eastern form of ceilioga
(ceiliog = male bird, rooster) + (-a, suffix for forming verbs). In the
south, the consonant i at the
beginning of a final syllable is typically absent, hence ceiliog (= rooster, cock) > ceilog
; a ‹g› at the beginning of a final syllable is
typically devoiced to ‹k›, hence ceiloga > ceiloca.
NOTE: also ceiloca > ciiloca ‹kii-lô-ka›.
The reduction of the diphthong “ei” to a simple vowel ‹i› (half long in the penult) is typical of the south. Hence ceiliog (= rooster, cock) > ceilog > ciilog
:_______________________________.
ceiliog
‹keil -yog›
masculine noun
PLURAL ceiliogod
‹keil- yô -god›
1
(American: rooster) (Englandic: cock) = male hen
2
cock = the male bird of a named species
ceiliog cwcw = male cuckoo
("male-bird (of) cuckoo")
ceiliog colomen male pigeon, cock
pigeon ("male-bird (of) pigeon")
3
dominant partner in a relationship
Pa un ai’r gŵr ynteu’r wraig yw’r ceiliog?
Which one wears the trousers - the husband or the wife?
("which one whether the husband or the wife is the rooster?")
4
South-east Wales "cilog" woman chaser, womaniser, ladies’ man, philanderer
Sometimes as an epithet: Dai Cilog (= Dafydd y
Ceiliog) David the womaniser
5 mor sionc â cheiliog ar bolyn ‘as nimble as a rooster on a pole’
6 mor
iach â’r ceiliog ‘as healthy as the rooster’
7
cock = emblem of the French state; and especially as a symbol of the rugby team
8 Mae ’na ragor ofnadwy rhwng ebol a cheiliog
They’re as different as chalk from cheese, they’re completely different
(‘there’s a terrible difference / an enormous difference between a foal and a
rooster”)
9 pit ceiliogod (North) cockpit
Standard form: talwrn
10 talwrn
ceiliogod cockpit
11 ceiliog pen y domen the top dog, king
of the castle, the big cheese, the one who gives the ordres (“the cock on top
of the dunghill”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ceiliog < ceiliawg < British *kaljâk-os
< Celtic.
From the same British root: Cornish keliog
(= rooster), Breton kilhog (=
rooster).
In Irish: coileach (= rooster).
The bird was so named in Celtic because of its loud crowing. This is borne out
by the meanings of related words in non-Celtic languages:
..a/ Greek kalein (= to call),
..b/ Latin calare (= to call, to
summon)
..c/ English to low (= make the the
sound of a cow)
NOTE: the southern form is generally ciilog
‹kii-log›.
(1) In the south, the consonant i at
the beginning of a final syllable is typically absent, hence ceiliog (= rooster, cock) > ceilog
(2) The reduction of the diphthong “ei” to a simple vowel ‹i› (half long in the penult) is also typical of the south. Hence ceiliog (= rooster, cock) > ceilog > ciilog
(3) A similar word showing both these changes is ceiniog (= penny) > ciinog
:_______________________________.
ceilioges ‹keil- yô -ges› feminine noun
PLURAL ceiliogesau ‹keil-yo- ge -se›
1 bossy woman, dominant woman
ETYMOLOGY: (ceiliog = cock) + (-es noun suffix indicating a female)
:_______________________________.
ceiliog hwyad, ceiliogod hwyad ‹KEIL yog HUI ad, keil YO god HUI ad› (masculine noun)
1 male duck
:_______________________________.
ceiliog y
rhedyn ‹KEIL
yog ə HRÊ din›
(masculine noun)
1 grasshopper
(“the rooster of the bracken”)
:_______________________________.
ceilysyn ‹kei- lə -sin› masculine noun
PLURAL ceilys ‹kei -lis›
1 skittle
ETYMOLOGY: ceilys is from an earlier form of the English word kails (= skittles, ninepins, the plural of kail).
The English word is from a Germanic root - note the similar words in Dutch kegel (= skittle), German Kegel (= skittle); and French (from a
Germanic word) quille = (skittle)
:_______________________________.
ceimiad
‹keim -yad›
masculine noun
PLURAL ceimiaid
‹keim -yed›
1 obsolete champion, hero
2
obsolete eminent person,
distinguished person; found in the epithets of two saints,
Elian Geimiad "eminent Elian”, Beuno Geimiad “eminent Beuno"
ETYMOLOGY: ceimiad < ceimhiad < *ceimp-iad (camp = feat) + (-iad suffix to denote a person)
:_______________________________.
ceimion ‹keim -yon› adjective
1 plural form of cam =
bent, crookèd
2
(a) pennau ceimion (in the Arfon
area of Gwynedd county, north-west Wales) a nickname for Calvinistic Methodists
("bent heads", "lowered heads")
(b) garrau ceimion bandy legs
ETYMOLOGY: cam + plural suffix -ion ; the ‘i’ of the suffix causes
vowel affection a > ei
:_______________________________.
cein- (1)
‹kein› adjective
1 penult form of cain =
fair, beautiful
:_______________________________.
cein- (2)
‹kein› masculine
noun
1 place names penult form
of *cain = ridge. See Ceinmerch
:_______________________________.
ceinach
‹kei -nakh› feminine
noun
PLURAL ceinachod,
ceinych ‹kei-na -khod, kei-nikh›
1 obsolete hare
y geinach = the hare
ETYMOLOGY: (cein = ?hare) <
British *kasnî; with the additon of
a suffix + -ach.
Cf German Hase = hare
:_______________________________.
ceinachgi
‹kei- nakh-gi›
masculine noun
PLURAL ceinachgwn
‹kei-nakh-gun›
1 obsolete harrier, dog which hunts hares
ETYMOLOGY: (ceinach) + soft mutation
+ (ci = dog); first example noted in
1850
:_______________________________.
ceiniog,
ceiniogau ‹KEIN yog›
(feminine noun)
1 penny
y geiniog the penny
un geiniog one penny
dwy geiniog two
pence
tair ceiniog three pence
pedair ceiniog four pence
pum ceiniog five pence
chwe cheiniog six pence
saith geiniog / saith ceiniog seven pence
wyth geiniog / wyth ceiniog eight pence
naw ceiniog nine pence
deg ceiniog ten pence
un geiniog ar ddeg eleven pence
deuddeg ceiniog twelve pence
tair ceiniog ar ddeg thirteen pence
pedair ceiniog ar ddeg fourteen pence
pymtheg ceiniog fifteen pence
un geiniog ar bymtheg sixteen pence
dwy geiniog ar bymtheg seventeen pence
deunaw ceiniog eighteen pence
pedair ceiniog ar bymtheg nineteen pence
ugain ceiniog twenty pence
deg ceiniog ar hugain thirty pence
deugain ceiniog forty pence
hanner can ceiniog fifty pence
trigain ceiniog sixty pence
deg ceiniog a thrigain seventy
pence
pedwar ugain ceiniog eighty pence
deg ceiniog a phedwar ugain ninety pence
2 peiriant ceiniogau slot machine, fruit
machine, gambling machine (“machine (of) pennies”)
3
gwario swllt er ennill ceiniog penny
wise and pound foolish (“spending a shilling to gain a penny”)
4 llygad y geiniog “(the) eye (of) the penny” miser; (adjective)
miserly, stingy, frugal
Siôn lygad y geiniog (also Siôn llygad y geiniog) miser
Ieuan lygad y geiniog (also Ieuan llygad y geiniog) miser
5 edrych
yn llygad y geiniog count the pennies, be frugal, practise thrift, look twice at every penny
(“look in (the) eye (of) the penny”
6 bod yn gynnil ar geiniog look twice at
every penny, be very careful with money
:_______________________________.
Ceinmeirch
‹kein-meirkh›
1 division (cwmwd / ‘commote’)
of the kantrev of Rhufoniog (in the country of Gwynedd Is Conwy,
North-east Wales).
The name survives today as Cinmeirch
‹kin-meirkh›
(with simplification of the diphthong ei
> i) in the village name Llanrhaeadr yng Nghinmeirch SJ0863 4km
south-east of Dinbych on
the road to Rhuthun.
(‘the Llanrhaeadr which is in the ‘cwmwd’ (commote / district) of Cinmeirch’).
Llanrhaeadr = (the) church (of the) river called Rhaeadr (= waterfall)
(delw 7232)
ETYMOLOGY: Ceinmeirch = (‘(the)
ridge (of the) horses’)
(cein = back, ridge) + (meirch = horses, plural of march = horse)
:_______________________________.
Ceintaidd ‹cein -tedh› adjective
1 from the county of Kent in the
south-east of England
ETYMOLOGY: (Ceint-, penult-syllable form of Caint, a county of Kent
in the south-east of England) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Ceintun
‹kein -tin›
1 English name: Kington (SO2956) English village on river Arwy 20km west of the English town of Leominster
(Welsh name: Llanllieni) and some 10km south east of the Welsh town of Maesyfed
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/19363
Heol yr Eglwys, Church Street
2 Llanfihangel yng Ngheintun (SJ3614) Welsh name of the English
village of Alberbury (Shropshire) 13 km west of the English city of Shrewsbury
(Welsh name: Amwythig),
just north of the Shrewsbury - Y Trallwng main road (A458), on the Welsh border
by the Welsh village of Cryw-grin
It is about 44 km north of Ceintun / Kington
“The village of Llanfihangel situated in Ceintun”.
(Llanfihangel = church of Michael
the Archanngel) + (yn = in) + nasal mutaiton + (Ceintun)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ3614
map
(delw 7106)
ETYMOLOGY: Ceintun (SO2956) from the English name Kington
:_______________________________.
Ceinwedd ‹KEIN wedh› (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name
(cain = fine, splendid; gwedd = aspect, face)
:_______________________________.
Ceinwen ‹KEIN wen› (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name
(cain = fine, splendid; -wen = suffix)
:_______________________________.
ceir ‹ceir› verb
1 (impersonal form, present-future tense of cael = to get, to receive); is got, will be got, is had, will be
had, there is, there are, there will be
Blew geifr, glaw geir (= glaw a
geir)
Weather saying – cirrus clouds bring rain (‘hairs of goats, ‹it is› rain that will be had’)
Ni cheir y melys heb y chwerw
There is no happiness without sadness, life is both happiness and sadness (‘it
is not received the sweet without the bitter’)
:_______________________________.
ceir ‹keir›
1 cars, plural of car (= car)
:_______________________________.
ceirch ‹KEIRKH› (plural noun)
1 oats. See ceirchen
:_______________________________.
ceirchen,
ceirch ‹KEIR khen›
(feminine noun)
1 oat
y geirchen = the oat, the grain of
oats
2
(North-west) Ceirch iddi! Get
moving! (“oats to it”)
:_______________________________.
Ceirchiog ‹keirch -yog›
1 Locality in the parish of Llechylched (SH3476) in the county of
Môn.
The old name was Betws y Grog (“(the) church (of) the cross”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH3476
map
According to Melville Richards (Enwau Tir a Gwlad, 1998), “mae crog yn
cyfeirio at sgrin yn yr eglwys. Yr enw Saesneg
oedd Holy Rood Church.” (= crog refers to a screen in the church. The English
name was Holy Rood Church)
ETYMOLOGY: ??oat field (ceirch = oats) + (-iog, suffix for forming
adjectives; in place names, as a noun. Often indicates a crop or type of
vegetation)
:_______________________________.
ceiriosen,
ceirios ‹kei ri O sen›
(feminine noun)
1 cherry
y geiriosen = the cherry
2 ceirios y gŵr drwg (Atropa belladona) deadly nightshade
(“(the) cherries (of) the bad man / the devil”)
3 ceiriosen siwgwr PLURAL ceirios
siwgwr glacé cherry
:_______________________________.
Cei’r Llechi
‹keir lhê -khi› masculine
noun
1 place name, Caernarfon (= "slate quay")
:_______________________________.
ceirnos
‹keir -nos› plural
1 small heaps, small mounds, little mounds
With plural suffix -os (diminutives
with -os behave as feminine singular
nouns after the definite article – there is soft mutation)
(found in place names in south Wales)
ceirnos > Y Geirnos
ETYMOLOGY: (curn = pile, heap) + (-os suffix for forming diminutives of
collective nouns, especially those of certain plants) curnos > ceirnos
(with a change to the tonic vowel – possibly the influence of ceirniog = abundant in cairns )
:_______________________________.
ceirw ‹KEI ru› (plural noun)
1 stags; see carw
:_______________________________.
Ceirwyn ‹KEIR win› (m)
1 male forename
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (câr- root of caru
= to love) ) + (-wyn suffix for male names, soft-muated form of gwyn
= white; fair) > car-wyn > ceirwyn
(the final y causes the preceding a to become the diphthong ei – cf gwan
= weak, plural gweinion; glas = blue, plural gleision)
:_______________________________.
ceisio ‹KEI sho› (verb)
1 to try, to
attempt
2 ceisio gwneud yr amhosib’ try to do the
impossible
3
atgeisio
..a/ to seek again
Corinthiaid-1 7:18 A alwyd neb wedi ei
enwaedu? nac adgeisied ddienwaediad. A alwyd neb mewn dienweidiad? nac enwaeder
arno. (“let not him seek again uncircumcision”)
atgenhedlu < ad-genhedlu (ad- = re-,
de nou) + mutació suau + (ceisio =
intentar, cercar)
Corinthians-1 7:18 Is any man called being circumcised? let him not become
uncircumcised. Is any called in uncircumcision? let him not be circumcised
..b/ (information) retrieve = to bring (something) out of storage
atgeisio < ad-geisio (ad- = re-,
again) + soft mutation + (ceisio =
search, try)
:_______________________________.
cêl ‹keel› (adjective)
1 hidden
2 argel hidden;
secluded
(ar = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (cêl = hidden).
3
diogel (= safe)
(di) + soft mutation + (gogel); Cornish
(diogel),
Breton diogel (= safe)
gogel (obsolete) (= take care, be
wary)
(go) + soft mutation + (cel- = to hide) < British <
Celtic *wo-kel
:_______________________________.
celain
‹kê -len› feminine
noun
PLURAL celanedd,
celaneddau ‹ke-lâ-nedh, ke-la-nê-dhe›
1 dead body, carcase, cadaver,
corpse
y gelain = the corpse
Jeremeia 31:40 a holl ddyffryn y celaneddau, a'r lludw, a'r holl feysydd, hyd afon Cidron, hyd
gongl porth y meirch tua'r dwyrain,
a fydd sanctaidd i'r Arglwydd;
Jeremiah 31:40
And the whole valley of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, and all the fields
until the brook of Cedron, unto the corner of the horse gate towards the east,
shall be holy unto the Lord
Genesis 15:11 A phan ddisgynnai yr adar
ar y celaneddau, yna Abram a’u tarfai hwynt.
Genesis 15:11 And when the fowls came down upon the carcases, Abram drove them
away.
syrthio’n gelain drop down dead
saethu (rhywun) yn gelain shoot (someone) dead
2
anything dead
3
marw gelain stone dead, dead as a
doornail
"corpse dead" - (marw =
dead) + soft mutation + (celain =
corpse)
4
celanedd (qv) = pile of bodies;
killing, slaughter
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
In Irish collainn (= body, person))
NOTE: celaneddau is a double plural
(-edd) + (-au)
:_______________________________.
celanedd
‹ke-lâ-nedh›
1 dead bodies; plural of celain
2 sometimes as a feminine noun; pile of bodies, massacre, slaughter,
bloodshed; cruelty
Eiseia 33:15 Yr hwn a rodia mewn
cyfiawnder, ac a draetha uniondeb, a wrthyd elw
trawster, a ysgwydo ei
law rhag derbyn
gwobr, a gaeo ei glust rhag clywed celanedd, ac a gaeo ei lygaid rhag edrych ar ddrygioni
Isaiah 33:15 He that walketh righteously, and speaketh uprightly; he that
despiseth the gain of oppressions, that shaketh his hands from holding of
bribes, that stoppeth his ears from hearing of blood, and shutteth his eyes
from seeing evil;
chwythu bygythiadau a chelanedd
breathe out threatenings and slaughter
Actau 9.1 A Saul eto yn chwythu
bygythiadau a chelanedd yn erbyn disgyblion yr Arglwydd, a aeth at yr archofferiad,
Acts 9:1 And Saul, yet breathing out threatenings and slaughter against the
disciples of the Lord, went unto the high priest,
3 North Wales bod yn glana chwerthin be doubled up
with laughter (= "be corpses (from) laughing (so much)") glana < clana (= c’lana’) < celanadd < celanedd (corpses)
:_______________________________.
celc ‹kelk › masculine noun
PLURAL celcau
‹kel -ke›
(North Wales)
1 hoard
2
fortune
3
money put by
byw ar
eich celc (north-west) live
off your savings
4 deceit
5
(Ceredigion) defect
celc ar = something wrong with (but
not immediately obvious)
Mae rhyw hen
gelc arno He’s a bit odd,
there’s something not quite right about him (“there is some old defect on him”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < Irish cealg (=
deceit)
:_______________________________.
celf, celfau ‹KELV, KEL ve› (feminine noun)
1 art
y gelf = the art
2 celf a chrefft ‹KELV a KHREFT› art and craft
:_______________________________.
celfi ‹KEL vi› (plural noun)
1 furniture;
plural of celficyn
:_______________________________.
celficyn, celfi ‹kel VI kin, KEL vi› (masculine noun) (South Wales)
1 piece of
furniture
2 fan gelfi removal van, furniture van (South)
:_______________________________.
celfyddyd, celfyddydau ‹kel VƏ dhid, kel və DHƏ de› (masculine noun)
1 art
2 oriel gelfyddyd PLURAL orielau
celfyddyd art gallery
3 celfyddyd yr ogofâu cave art (“art (of) the caves”)
:_______________________________.
Celfyn ‹KEL vin› (masculine noun)
1 man’s name
(respelling of English Kelvin)
:_______________________________.
cell, cellau ‹KELH, KE lhe› (feminine noun)
1 cell
y gell = the cell
:_______________________________.
celli ‹ke-lhi› feminine noun
PLURAL cellïoedd ‹ke- lhî -odh›
1
wood, spinney
y gelli = the wood
celli geirios cherry orchard
2 Y Gelligandryll (“the shattered wood”), short form Y Gelli,
town in the county of Powys, on the border with
England
3 often in place
names with gelli used as if it were the base form, instead of celli was would
be expected
Gelli-gaer
< gelli’r gaer, instead of celli’r gaer
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *kall- < Celtic *kald-
From the same British root:
Cornish kelli
(= wood) (as in the Cornish place name Roskelli “promontory of the wood”, in English
“Rosekilly”);
From the same Celtic root: Irish coille (= wood)
Related words in other languages are:
Latin: callis
(= glade),
Greek klados
(= branch);
German das Holz
(= wood), English holt ‹holt› (in place names =
wood)
:_______________________________.
celli
geirios, cellïoedd ceirios ‹KE lhi GEIR yos› (feminine noun)
1 cherry orchard
:_______________________________.
cellwair ‹KELH wer› (masculine noun)
1 joke
2 Mae llawer o gellwair yn wir Many a true
word is spoken in jest, Many a truth is said in jest (“a lot of joking is
true”)
:_______________________________.
cellwair ‹KELH wer› (verb)
1 to joke
:_______________________________.
cellweirio ‹kelh- weir -yo›
1 joke = make jokes, jest
Tybiai ei frawd a’r gweinidog mai cellwair oedd, ond yr oedd Ifan mor
ddifrifol â mynach His brother and the
minister thought that he was joking, but Ifan was deadly serious (“as serious as
a monk”)
ETYMOLOGY: (cellweir-
< cellwair = a joke, a wisecrack) + (-io suffix for forming
verbs)
NOTE: also cellwair as a verbnoun
:_______________________________.
Celt,
Celtiaid ‹KELT, KELT yed›
(masculine noun)
1 Celt
:_______________________________.
Celtaidd ‹kel -tedh› adjective
1 Celtic = of the modern Celts (Welsh, Breton, Cornish, Irish,
Scots, Manx)
Yr Undeb Celtaidd The Celtic League
- an organisation which campaigns for the political independence of the Celtic
countries and the restoration of their native languages as the first language
of the country
2
Celtic = related to the Celtic territories
Y Môr Celtaidd the Celtic Sea, the
sea between Wales and Ireland
3
Celtic = of the ancient Celts
4
Celtic = connected with the study of Celtic cultures and languages
Astudiaethau Celtaidd Celtic Studies
5
Celtic = of a style characteristic of the Celts
telyn
Geltaidd Celtic harp
croes Geltaidd Celtic cross
6
ffug-Geltaidd pseudo-Celtic
ETYMOLOGY: (Celt = Celt) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Celteg
‹kel -teg› feminine
noun, adjective
1 Celtic = the Celtic language which was widely spoken in Europe
some two thousand years ago; it survived only in the islands off the
north-western mainland of Europe, where it it is divided into two groups -
British (eastern - Welsh, Cornish, Breton) and Hibernian (western - Irish,
Scottish, Manx). Also known as P-Celtic (the eastern division) and Q-Celtic
(the western division) because many words with an original initial ‘q’ ‹kw› in Celtic preserved this sound in Hibernian, although nowadays it is
pronounced ‹k›, and in the British group it became ‹p›.
For example, ‘head’ is ceann in
Irish and pen in Welsh.
Latin words in general retained the ‘q’ ‹kw› and
it survives in the pronunciation in some modern languages derived from Latin,
and in the spelling if not the current pronunciation of others.
Irish ‹k› ceithre
(= four), Welsh ‹p› pedwar (=
four), Latin ‹kw› quattor
(= four), Catalan ‹kw› quatre (= four), French ‹kw > k›
quatre (= four)
Celteg Q ‹kel-teg kiu› = Q Celtic
Celteg P ‹kel-teg pee› = P Celtic
ETYMOLOGY: (Celt = Celt) + (-eg suffix for forming nouns and
adjectives indicating a specific language)
:_______________________________.
Celtegwr ‹kel- te -gur› masculine noun
PLURAL Celtegwyr ‹kel-teg -wir›
1 Celticist
ETYMOLOGY: (Celteg = Celtic
langauge) + (-wr, 'man', agent
suffix)
NOTE: Also Celtegydd
:_______________________________.
celu ‹kê-li› verb
1 to hide
2 Llawer gwir gorau ei gelu
Many things are best left unsaid
(“many a truth best its hiding”)
3 Ni ellir celu’r ffaith
fod... there’s no disguising the fact that
:_______________________________.
celwydd ‹KE luidh› celwyddau ‹ke LUI dhe› masculine
noun
1 lie, untruth,
fabrication, ‘fairy tale’, ‘pork pie’
llwyth o
gelwyddau a pack of lies (“a load of lies”)
2 heb air o gelwydd no kidding, honestly, “without a word of a
lie”
3 clap a chelwydd gossip and lies
4
Mae i bob celwydd ei gymar One lie leads to another (“there is to every lie its partner”)
celwydd golau a barefaced lie (“a clear / plain / evident lie”) (golau
also means light, illuminated)
celwydd glân golau a barefaced lie (“an evident + pure lie”)
ETYMOLOGY: British "*kalwi-jos"; cf Latin
"calumnia" from an earlier form "calwomnia"
LOCAL VARIANTS: In the north-west celwyddau > clwydda ‹klu i dha›; in the south celwydd > celwdd ‹ke ludh›
:_______________________________.
celwyddgi ‹kel- uidh -gi› masculine noun
PLURAL celwyddgwn ‹kel- uidh -gun›
(South Wales)
1 liar, storyteller (one who tells untrue stories)
Mae e’n gythraul o gelwyddgi He’s a hell of a liar
ETYMOLOGY: (celwydd = lie) + soft mutation + (ci
= dog; also in compound words as a term of contempt for a person)
:_______________________________.
celwyddog ‹kel- ui -dhog› adjective
1 lying
Mae e’n ddiawl celwyddog He’s a lying bastard
Un celwyddog
tost yw a He’s a terrible
liar, Helies through his teeth
:_______________________________.
celwyddwr ‹kel- wə -dhur› masculine noun
PLURAL celwyddwyr ‹kel- wədh -wir›
1 liar
Celwyddwr yw e He’s a liar
ETYMOLOGY: (celwydd = lie) + (-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
cemais ‹KE mes› (masculine noun)
(obsolete; present in place names)
1 bend in a river
2 bend in the coastline
In place names, often misspelt Cemaes, through assuming some connection
with maes (= field)
:_______________________________.
Cemais Comawndwr ‹ke -mes ko-maun-dur›
1 village in the county of Mynwy (Gwent)
In earlier Welsh Cemais Cymawndwr
The church here and its lands were at one time
a possession or “commandery” of the Knights
Templars, and were administered by a “commander”. Hence the name, which means
‘the place called “Cemais” which is of the Commander’
(to distinguish it from other parishes in Wales with the name Cemais)
English name: Kemeys Commander
ETYMOLOGY: See cemais
:_______________________________.
cemeg ‹KE meg› (feminine noun)
1 chemistry
:_______________________________.
cen ‹ ken› masculine noun
PLURAL cennau
‹ ke-ne›
1
Also: cennyn ‹ke-lin›, PLURAL cennau
cen is also used as a collective /
plural form
2
scales of a fish or a reptile
3
dandruff
(South Wales: can)
4
lichen
5
fur in pipes
6
film of dirt on the skin
7
(obsolete) skin
(obsolete) hyddgen deerskin
(hydd- < hydd = deer) + soft mutation + (cen
= skin )
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cen < British *kend
From the same British root: Cornish kenn
(= skin, hide, peel)
Cf Modern English skin < Middle English skin < Old Norse skinn. The Scandinavian word is a cognate of Welsh cen
:_______________________________.
cen / ce’n
‹ken ›
1 form of cefn ‹ke-ven›
in the pronunciation of some compound words where it is the first element.
....1/ First element in a compound word (as a stressed penultimate syllable)
....a/ cefnffordd < ce’nffordd / cenffordd (= ridgeway, road along a ridge) (ffordd = road)
....b/ cefnfor > ce’nfor / cenfor (= ocean) (môr =
sea)
....c/ cefnfro > ce’nfro
> ce’nffro / cenffro (= part of beach above high water for leaving boats) (bro = low-lying land, coastal land)
(change of v > f after n; for other examples see the entry ff)
....d/ cefnlli > ce’nlli / cenlli (= flood, torrent) (llif
= flow)
....e/ cefnrhaff > cefnraff > ce’nraff > cendraff
(= back band of a horse’s harness) (rhaff
= rope)
....2/ qualified first element in a place name
(as a prepenultimnate syllable, or an unstressed penultimate syllable before a
final strsesed syllable)
....a/ Cefnsidan > Ce’nshidan / Censhidan (place name,
county of Caerfyrddin)
....b/ Cefn-tre-baen > Ce’n-tre-baen > Pentre-baen (place name – “(the) ridge (of) (the farm called)
Tre-baen”)
(Paen
= Cymricised form of the English surname Payne)
....c/ cefn y coed > Cefn-coed
> Ce’n-coed / Cen-coed (place name – “(the) ridge
(of) the wood”
....d/ cefn y don > Cefn-don >
Ce’n-don, Cen-don (place name,
“(the) ridge (of) the pasture” (example quoted in
GPC Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary t1578)
....e/ cefn y lle oer > Cefn-lle-óer
> Ce’n-lle-óer > Ce’nll’óer > Cé’nll’oer > Cé’nll’o’r
> Y Genllor < (place name –
“(the) ridge (of) the cold place”)
2 as a second element
..a/ in the word gwarcen, made up of (gwar) + (cefn)
gwar cefn or gwarcéfn > gwárcefn
> gwarce’n > gwarcen (= upper part of back,
shoulders)
:_______________________________.
-cen ‹cen›
1 feminine diminutive suffix,
corresponding to the masculine suffix -cyn
..1/ botgen (obsolete) little thumb
(bawd = thumb;
bawd + cen > ‘bawd-gen’ > ‘bod-gen’ > ‘botgen’)
..2/ ffolcen fool, foolish woman
..3/ hanercen (county of Penfro)
dwarf (woman)
:_______________________________.
Cenarth ‹KE narth› (feminine noun)
1 village,
south-west
:_______________________________.
cenau ‹ke -ne› masculine noun
PLURAL cenawon ‹ke- nau -on›
1
cub, whelp
Eseia 11:6 a'r blaidd a drig gyda'r oen, a'r llewpart a orwedd gyda'r myn; y llo hefyd, a chenau y llew, a'r anifail bras, fyddant
ynghyd, a bachgen bychan
a'u harwain
Isaiah 11:6 The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie
down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together;
and a little child shall lead them.
2 (North Wales) (term of reproach)
rascal, cur, low dog, scoundrel, lout
Jon Robaitsh - y cena drwg iddo Jon Robaitsh - that old scoundrel
cenau glas out and out scoundrel, complete rogue, incorrigible rogue,
despicable person
3 rascal (mildly reproving term for a
child)
4 an element in old personal names
Gorgenau (intensifying prefix gwor, ‘great whelp’
Morgenau (mawr = great) ‘great whelp’
Rhigenau (rhi = king) ‘king whelp’
5 See cenawes (North Wales)
(colloquially cnawes) she-cub; (term of reproach for a woman) vixen
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *kanou-
From the same Celtic root: Irish cana (= literary Irish – cub, whelp;
poet of the fourth order)
Related to Latin canis (= dog), hence English canine (= doglike;
relating to dogs)
NOTE: cenawon colloquial forms: cenafon, cynafon, cnafon
The old form of cenawon had “a” – canawon, but changed in order
to match the singular form, cenau, with an “e”
:_______________________________.
cenawes ‹ke- nau -es› feminine noun
PLURAL cenawesau ‹ke- nau -es›
1
she-cub
2
(North Wales) (term of reproach for a woman) vixen
yr hen gnawes 'na that old bitch
ETYMOLOGY: (cenaw = cub, whelp) + (-es noun suffix indicating a
female)
NOTE: (colloquially cnawes)
:_______________________________.
cender ‹KEN-der› (m)
1 see cefnder
(= male first cousin)
In many words in Welsh with the
element cefn in the penultimate syllable , the [v] is elided
cefnraff > cenraff, cefnfordd > cenffordd, cefnder > cender, cefnllif > cenlli, Y Gefnros
> Y Genros / Y Gendros, etc
:_______________________________.
cenedl,
cenhedloedd ‹KE ne dəl, ken HED lodh› (feminine noun)
1 nation
y genedl = the nation
2 (Old Testament) Y Cenhedloedd
the Gentiles = non-Jewish people, non-Jews
Actau 4:27 Herod a Phontius Peilat,
gyda'r Cenhedloedd, a phobl Israel
Acts 4:27 both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles, and the people of
Israel
apostol y cenhedloedd the apostle to
the Gentiles (name given to Saint Paul)
3 Y
Cenhedloedd (as used by Christians) the Gentiles = non-Christian people
:_______________________________.
cenedlaethau ‹ke ned LEI the› (plural noun)
1 generations:
see cenhedlaeth
:_______________________________.
cenedlaethol ‹ke ned LEI the› (adjective)
1 national
2
national = symbolic of a nation
Yr elc yw anifail cenedlaethol Norwy
Norway’s national animal is the elk
:_______________________________.
cenedlaetholwr ‹ke-ned-lei-tho-lur› masculine
noun
PLURAL cenedlaetholwyr ‹ke-ned-lei-thol-wir›
1 nationalist, ‘nationist’ =
one who seeks to protect national rights threatened with abolition by an
invading state, or regain the full national rights abolished or disallowed by
an occupying state
2
nationalist, ‘expansionist’ = one who believes in the superiority of a state
and its dominant culture and its right to incorporate other nations into its
territory, eradicate their languages and cultures, and impose its own
linguistic and cultural values
ETYMOLOGY: (cenedlaethol = national)
+ (-wr = person, man); imitation of
the English word nationalist, from (national) + (-ist)
:_______________________________.
cenfaint,
cenfeiniau ‹KEN vent, ken VEIN ye› (feminine noun)
1 flock
:_______________________________.
cenffro ‹KEN-fro›
(f)
1 part of beach above high water for leaving
boats) (bro = low-lying land,
coastal land)
See cefnfro
cefnfro > ce’nfro > ce’nffro
/ cenffro
In many words in Welsh with the
element cefn in the penultimate syllable , the [v] is elided
cefnraff > cenraff, cefnfordd > cenffordd, cefnder > cender, cefnllif > cenlli, Y Gefnros
> Y Genros / Y Gendros, etc
:_______________________________.
cenfigen ‹ken VÎ gen› (feminine noun)
1 jealousy, envy
2 bod yn las gan genfigen be green with
envy
:_______________________________.
cengl
‹ke-ngel› feminine
noun
PLURAL cenglau
‹keng-le›
1 saddle girth, belly band;
y gengl = the saddle girth
tynháu’r gengl tighten the saddle
girth
2
cengl fain (said of somebody very
thin) (" a thin saddle girth")
3
county of Môn llacio’r gengal ‹ge-ngal›
take a break during work; take some days off from work, take a holiday
("loosen the saddle girth")
4
skein = loosely tied coil of yarn
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin *cing’la
< cíngula = belt, < cingere to gird.
In English
1.. a Latin masculine form cingulum ‹sing-yu-ləm› is used in anatomy - ‘girdle-like ridge around
the base of a tooth’, ‘band of fibres connecting parts of the cerebrum’)
2.. and in surcingle ‹səərr-singgəl› ( = a girth for a horse which goes around the
body and is used especially with racing horses), a word taken from French (sur + cengle)
NOTE:
North Wales = cengal (west), cengel (east) ‹ke-ngal, ke-ngel›
South Wales = cingel (east), cingal (west) ‹ki-ngel, ki-ngal›
:_______________________________.
cenglog ‹keng -log› adjective
1 (cow) having streaks
buwch genglog cow with streaks
ETYMOLOGY: (cengl = saddle girth) +
(-og)
:_______________________________.
cenglu
‹keng-li› verb
1 fasten a girth around (a horse’s belly)
(Hen Déstament)
Jeremeia 46:4 Cenglwch y meirch, ac ewch
arnynt, farchogion; sefwch yn eich
helmau, gloywch y
gwaywffyn, gwisgwch y llurigau
(Old Testament)
Jeremiah 46:4 Harness the horses; and get up, ye horsemen, and stand forth with
your helmets; furbish the spears, and put on the brigadines
2
form into skeins
ETYMOLOGY: (cengl = saddle girth,
skein) + (-u = suffix for forming
verbs)
:_______________________________.
cenglwr
‹keng-lwr› masculine
noun
PLURAL cenglwyr ‹kengl-wir›
1 reel, hose-reel = circular
box with an axis inside around which a hose or cable is wound for storage
:_______________________________.
cenhad-
‹ken-had...›
1 in derivative words, the penult form of cennad (= mission). The original penult form was also cennad, but it has acquired influenced
by the organic h- in canhiad-, penult form of caniad = (obsolete word) permission
:_______________________________.
cenhadaeth
‹ken-ha-deth› feminine
noun
PLURAL cenadaethau
‹ke-na-dei-the›
1 Religion mission = group of people sent by a church to a foreign
country to promote the religion and do social work
y genhadaeth = the mission
2
Diplomacy diplomatic mission = group
of people in a foreign country representing a country
3
Commerce trade mission = group of
people in a foreign country representing a company or companies
4
mission = work of such a group
5
mission = buildings of such; mission station
6
llysgenhadaeth embassy ("court
+ mission")
ETYMOLOGY: cenhad- (penult form)
< cennad (original penult form)
influenced by the organic h- in canhiad-, penult form of caniad = (obsolete word) permission
:_______________________________.
cenhades
‹ken-ha-des› feminine
noun
PLURAL cenadesau
‹ke-na-de-se›
1 missionary (female)
y genhades = the missionary
ETYMOLOGY: (cenhad-, penult-syllable
form < cennad = mission) + (-es, female agent suffix)
:_______________________________.
cenhadfa
‹ken-had-va› feminine
noun
PLURAL cenhadféydd ‹ken-had-veidh›
1 mission (= place), mission
station, mission house
y genhadfa = the mission house
ETYMOLOGY: (cenhad-, penult-syllable
form < cennad = mission) + (-fa, suffix = place)
:_______________________________.
cenhadol
‹ken-ha-dol› adjective
1 missionary = undertaking a religious mission
ETYMOLOGY: (cenhad-, penult-syllable
form < cennad = mission) + (-ol, suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
cenhadon
‹ke- nha -don› noun
plural
Plural form of cennad, or cenhadwr
:_______________________________.
cenhadu
‹ken-ha-di› verb
1 work as a missionary
ETYMOLOGY: (cenhad-, penult-syllable
form < cennad = mission) + (-u, suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
cenhadwr
‹ken-ha-dur› masculine
noun
PLURAL cenhadon,
cenhadwyr ‹ken-ha-don, ken-had-wir›
1 missionary
ETYMOLOGY: (cenhad-, penult-syllable
form < cennad = mission) + (-wr, ‘man’, agent suffix)
:_______________________________.
cenhedlaeth
‹ke- nhed -leth› feminine
noun
PLURAL cenedlaethau
‹ke-ned- lei -the›
1 generation = all the individuals of roughly the same age;
y genhedlaeth = the generation
pobl o’m cenhedlaeth = people of my
generation
2 generation = (as a measure of time) average lifetime of a
generation; the period of years considered to separate one generation from
another (often regarded as being thirty years)
genhedlaeth yn ôl a generation ago
ers cenedlaethau for generations
Buont yn ceisio cael ateb i hyn ers cenedlaethau
They’ve been trying to find an answer for this for generations
cenedlaethau lawer o brofiad many
generations of experience
hyd genhedlaeth a chenhedlaeth from generation to generation
Arhosed ein haith yn ei bri hyd genhedlaeth a chenhedlaeth
May our language remain predominant over the generations
Croniclau-1 16:15 Cofiwch yn dragwydd y cyfamod; y gair a orchmynnodd efe i fil o
genedlaethau
Chronicles-1 16:16 Be ye mindful always of his covenant; the word which he
commanded to a thousand generations
3
generation = a single step in the evolution of an animal or a plant etc
4 generation = period of technological development, differing from a
previous period through having general characteristics unknown in an earlier
period
ETYMOLOGY: (cenhedl-,
penult-syllable form < cenhedlu =
propagate) + (-aeth, suffix for
forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
cenhedliad
‹ke- nhedl -yad› masculine
noun
1 procreation
2 propagation
ETYMOLOGY: (cenhedl-,
penult-syllable form < cenedlu =
propagate) + (-iad, suffix for
forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
cenhedlig
‹ke- nhed -lig› adjective
1 obsolete pagan
2 masculine noun; obsolete
pagan
ETYMOLOGY: (cenhedl-,
penult-syllable form < cenedl =
nation / gender / (obsolete) family) + (-ig,
suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
cenhedloedd
‹ke- nhed -lodh› noun
plural
1 nations
See: cenedl
:_______________________________.
Y Cenhedloedd
Unedig ‹ə ke- nhed -lodh i-ne-dig› -
1 the United Nations
:_______________________________.
cenhedlu
‹ke- nhed -li› verb
verb without an object
1 procreate = to create offspring
cenhedlu a magu teulu to procreate and to raise a family
verb with an object
2 (man) beget = to father, beget a child
Job 38:28 A oes dad i’r glaw? neu pwy a genhedlodd ddefnynnau y gwlith?
Job 38:28 Hath the rain a father? or who hath begotten the drops of dew?
3
(woman) conceive = become pregnant with
cenhedlu plentyn conceive a child, become pregnant
4 engender, give rise to, create, bring about, spawn
William Owen-Pughe a’i dylwyth a genhedlodd erthylod o eiriau megis
"merchaid" a "ciwaid" yn lle "merched" a
"ciwed"
It was William Owen-Pughe and his followers who created such bastardisations of
words as "merchaid" and "ciwaid" instead of
"merched" and "ciwed"
5
atalydd
cenhedlu contraceptive
("preventer of conceiving")
6
rheoli cenhedlu birth control
("regulating conceiving")
7
atgenhedlu regenerate
atgenhedlu < ad-genhedlu (ad- = re-,
again) + soft mutation + (cenhedlu =
procreate, generate)
ETYMOLOGY: (cenhedl-,
penult-syllable form < cenedl =
nation / gender / (obsolete) family) + (-u,
suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
cenhedlwr
‹ke- nhed -lur› masculine
noun
PLURAL cenhedlwyr ‹ke- nhedl -wir›
1 begetter, progenitor
ETYMOLOGY: (cenhedl-,
penult-syllable form < cenhedlu =
propagate) + (-wr, ‘man’, agent
suffix)
:_______________________________.
cenhinen
‹ke- nhi -nen› feminine
noun
PLURAL cennin
‹ke-nin›
1 leek (Allium ampeloprasum
var. porrum (L.), also called allium porrum )
y genhinen = the leek
(delw 6990)
2 the
leek as the national emblem of Wales; probably because white and green were the
colours of the Welsh chiefs in the medieval period (though apocryphal stories
of a Welsh army fighting the English in a leek field abound)
3
In the phrase of comparison mor lased
â’r cennin ("as green as the leeks")
4
Llanbedr y Cennin (SH7569) village
in the county of Conwy
("the ‘Llanbedr’ of the leeks"; Llanbedr = the church of Saint Peter)
ETYMOLOGY: British *kannin-.
..1/ Cornish kinenn = leek, kinenn ewinek = garlic;
..2/ Breton kignen = garlic,
..3/ Irish cainnean = leek
:_______________________________.
cenhinen Bedr
‹ke- nhî -nen be-der› feminine
noun
PLURAL cennin
Pedr ‹ke-nin
pe-der›
1 daffodil (narcissus
pseudonarcissus)
2 this flower as a national symbol of Wales
ETYMOLOGY: "(the) leek (of) (Saint) Peter") (cenhinen = leek) + soft mutation + (Pedr = Saint Peter)
:_______________________________.
cenlli
‹ken -lhi›
1 deluge, flood, torrent; see cenllif
2 kestrel; see cenlli goch
In many words in Welsh with the
element cefn in the penultimate syllable , the [v] is elided
cefnraff > cenraff, cefnfordd > cenffordd, cefnder > cender, cefnllif > cenlli, Y Gefnros
> Y Genros / Y Gendros, etc
:_______________________________.
cenllif
‹ken-lhi› masculine
noun
Also in the older
form cefnllif
1 deluge, flood,
torrent
Roedd y nant yn rhuthro yn gefnllif gwyllt ar ôl y storm
The stream was a raging torrent (“rushed as a wild torrent”) after the storm
Maesygenlli (“(the) field (of) the
torrent”) street name in Caersws (Powys) (apparently cenlli = torrent, but see also cenlli
goch)
Llwybr Cenllif place east of Dolgellau in the county of Gwynedd (name on English maps:
Torrent Walk)
llwybr y
cenllif = (the) path (of) the
torrent
(llwybr = path) + (y = definite article) + (cenllif
= torrent)
2 downpour, heavy rain
bod yn genlli = be pouring down
ar ôl hanner awr a chenlli’r storm yn
arafu...
after half an hour when the rainstorm subsided...
Dywedodd wrthym iddi fod yn genlli drwy’r wythnos
He told us it had poured down all week
ETYMOLOGY: (cefn = back) + soft
mutation + (llif = current, flow)
> *cefnlif > cefnllif (loss of the mutation) > cenllif (loss of the final ‹v›, normal in polysyllabic words in colloquial Welsh) > cenlli (loss of the ‹v› in cefn, occurs in other
words of two syllables where it is the first element in a compound.)
See cen-
NOTE: also occurs as a feminine noun > y
genllif
:_______________________________.
cenlli goch
‹ken-lhi gookh› feminine
noun
North Wales
1 kestrel
y genlli goch = the kestrel
ETYMOLOGY: : (cenlli = kestrel) +
soft mutation + (coch = red);
cenlli < cefnlli < cefnllif;
Possibly < cefnlliw (“(bird)
(with a) coloured back”);
(cefn= back) + soft mutation + (lliw = colour)
> *cefnliw > cefnlliw (loss of the mutation)
> cefnlli > cenlli (this loss of the ‹v› in cefn, occurs in other
words of two syllables where it is the first element in a compound.
See cen-)
A final f is lost in polysyllables generally in Welsh (cyntaf =
first, cynta; siaradaf = I shall speak, siarada, etc)
If the missing final consonant is w (cefnlliw
> cefnlli) , this is to be
compared with these other words in Welsh:
(1) heddiw / heddi (today),
(2) tanlliw / tanlli
(flame-coloured), etc
:_______________________________.
celynnen
‹ke- lə -nen› feminine
noun
PLURAL celyn ‹ke -lin›
1 (Ilex aquifolium) holly,
evergreen tree with prickly leaves and bright red berries; holly bush
y gelynnen = the holly bush
2 {attribute} holly = relating to the plant
pren celyn holly wood, the wood of a holly tree
dail celyn holly leaves
3 {substantive adjective} holly = made of the wood of a holly
4 celynennau ‹ke-lə- nə -ne› individual hollies (in the district of Eifionydd, Gwynedd, in the form clenna)
5 (plant name) Celynnen Fair
(Ruscus aculeatus) butcher's broom
(“(the) holly (of the Virgin) Mary”)
6 Maescelyn
street name
..a/ Llanbedr Dyffryn Clwyd, Rhuthun (county of Dinbych) (“Maes Celyn”)
..b/ Llaneurgain (county of Y Fflint) (“Maes Celyn”)
..c/ Coed-y-glyn (county of Wrecsam)
(“Maes Celyn”)
“maes y celyn” (“(the) field (of) the
holly-bushes”)
(maes = field) + (definite article y) + (celyn holly-bushes)
7 celynnen > c’lynnen
In the 1881 Census (Tywyn, District 3) David Davies (55) mariner is recorded as
living at Pantyglynnen (spelt as “Pant y Glynen”) (= hollow of the holly bush)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh celyn < British *kolin- <
Celtic
From the same British root: Breton kelenn
(= holly trees / bushes), Cornish kelenn
(= holly trees / bushes; place name in Cornwall Roskelenn, in English “Treskilling” (ros = hill)
from the same Celtic root: Irish cuileann
(= holly)
Cf Old English holegn > modern
English holly
cf English holm oak ‹houm-óuk› < holm ‹houm› = dialect word for holly
1300+ < holin < anglès antic holegn
:_______________________________.
celynllwyn ‹ke- lən -lhuin› masculine noun
1 holly bush; (holly = Ilex
aquifolium, evergreen tree with prickly leaves and bright red berries)
Talycynllwyn farm name in Pontarddulais (county of Abertawe),
= tal y c’ynllwyn < tal y c’lynllwyn < tal y celynllwyn (“place facing / opposite the holly grove / holly wood / holly-bush”)
(“Place-names in and around the Bont”, Deric John, 1999)
ETYMOLOGY: (celyn = holly bushes) + soft mutation + (llwyn = bush, grove) > *celyn-lwyn > celynllwyn (loss of the soft mutation)
NOTE: More usually, rather than celynllwyn,
“holly bush” is llwyn celyn.
Other examples with “llwyn” as a second element are:
bédwlwyn / bed’lwyn (birch grove), also llwyn bedw
dérwlwyn / der’lwyn (= oak grove), also llwyn derw
gruglwyn (heather clump), also llwyn grug
gwernllwyn (alder grove), also llwyn gwern
onllwyn (ash grove), also llwyn on(n),
:_______________________________.
celynnog <KLƏ-nog> [ˡklənɔg]
1
(adj) abounding in holly bushes
2 (noun) place abounding in holly bushes, place of holly bushes
It occurs in place
names as Clynnog (= C’lynnog),
a reduced form of
celynnog)
..a/ In Llanrhaeadr ym Mochnant there is a farm
“Clynog” SJ1225 which is probably Clynnog
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1225 map
..b/ Clynnog-fawr
SH4149 also known simply as Clynnog
A village in Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/191720 y pentref / the village
ETYMOLOGY: (celynn- penult form of celyn = holly bushes) + (-og adjectival suffix ) > celynnog (adj) (= abounding in
holly bushes) > celynnog (noun) (= place abounding in holly
bushes)
:_______________________________.
cenffordd ‹KEN-fordh› (f)
1 see cefnfordd
(= ridge road)
In many words in Welsh with the
element cefn in the penultimate syllable , the [v] is elided
cefnraff > cenraff, cefnfordd > cenffordd, cefnder > cender, cefnllif > cenlli, Y Gefnros
> Y Genros / Y Gendros, etc
:_______________________________.
cenllysg ‹KEN lhisk› (masculine noun) (North Wales)
1 hail
2 bwrw cenllysg ‹BU ru KEN lhisk› (verb) to hail
:_______________________________.
cenllysgen ‹ken LHƏ sken› (feminine noun)
(North) hailstone
:_______________________________.
..1 cennad
<KE-nad> [ˡkɛnad] feminine noun
PLURAL cenhadau
<ken-HAA-dai,
-dai, -e>
[kɛnˡhɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 permission, leave
y gennad = the permission
gyda'ch cennad by your leave, with your
permission
gyda chennad with permission
2
ar gennad (USA: on furlough)
(Englandic: on leave)
mynd ar
gennad go on leave
bod ar gennad be on leave
cennad absenoldeb leave of absence
3
rhoi cennad i give leave to (USA: to
furlough) (Englandic: to leave)
ETYMOLOGY: cennad < cannad
(can- = with) + (gad- = stem of gadael = to leave; influence of cennad = messenger )
:_______________________________.
..2 cennad <KE-nad> [ˡkɛnad] (masculine noun)
1 emissary,
messenger
:_______________________________.
cennau
‹ ke -ne›
1
plural form of cen / cennyn
:_______________________________.
cennin ‹KE nin› (plural noun)
1 leeks; see cennin
:_______________________________.
Cennydd ‹ ke -nidh›
1
saint’s name, a variant form of Cynydd
2 Llangennydd, a variant of Llangynydd SS4291 (English name:
Llangennith). Village in the county of Abertawe.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/873433
y pentref / the village
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/873443
yr eglwys / the church
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/873428
Pen y Brenin / The King’s Head
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically
representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great
Britain and Ireland…”)
3 Also Trecennydd (Trecenydd) in Caerffili.
The medieval kántrev of Senghennydd lay
between the rivers Taf and Rhymni. In the 1800s it was popularly explained as
meaning “Saint Cennydd”, though the saint was not connected with this area.
However, the popularity of this explanation is
to be seen in the numerous references to Cennydd in the area – Ysgol Gyfun
Cenydd Sant (St. Cenydd’s Comprehensive School) in Caerffili, Eglwys Cenydd
Sant a Sant Pedr (the Church of St Cenydd and St Peter), Heol Cenydd Sant (St. Cenydd
Road) in Caerffili, Rhestr Cenydd (Cenydd Terrace) in Senghennydd
village, etc.
NOTE: The name Cenydd is
sometimes given to males in an English form as
Kenneth, though in fact the names are not related, though the
pronunciation is somewhat similar
NOTE: Melville Richards / Enwau Tir a Gwlad / 1998, a compilation of articles
written for Y Cymro 1967-1970,
gives Cynydd as an alternative form of Cenydd.
He also suggests that Senghennydd is very
possibly ‘Sangan’s territory’; –ydd
is a territorial suffix, and the first part of the name is a man’s forename, Sangan,
stem Sanghann-
:_______________________________.
cennyn ‹ ke -nin›
1
See cen (= scale, skin)
:_______________________________.
cenol ‹ke -nol› adjective
1 (South-east Wales) equivalent to canol
(= middle)
2 Y Bont Genol (“the middle
bridge”) A bridge name noted by John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw)
'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911)
“The middle bridge" (y bont genol), across the mill-stream by the Roath
mill.
‹Roath
is Y Rhath, Caer-dydd›
3 Dwy Erw a Hanner Genol (“the middle two and
a half acres”) A field name noted by John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw)
'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911)
“DWY-ERW-A-HANER-GENOL
(the middle two and a half acres.) A piece of land on the shore of the East
Moor (1764.)”
3 Nedd Genol
A Topographical Dictionary
of Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849:
NEATH- GENOL, or MIDDLE (NEDD- GENOL, or GANOL), a township, in the parish
of CADOXTON, union and hundred of NEATH, county of GLAMORGAN, SOUTH WALES, 10
miles (N. E.) from Neath; containing 262 inhabitants.
4 Hafod Genol
On the 1847 Tithe Apportionment Map in the area where today stands the
village of Trehafod south of Y Porth and north of Pont-y-pridd there were three farms called Hafod - Hafod Uchaf
(= upper), Hafod Genol (= middle) and Hafod Fawr (= great)
:_______________________________.
cenraff ‹KEN-raf› (f)
1 see cefnraff
(= back band of a horse’s harness)
In many words in Welsh with the
element cefn in the penultimate syllable , the [v] is elided
cefnraff > cenraff, cefnfordd > cenffordd, cefnder > cender, cefnllif > cenlli, Y Gefnros
> Y Genros / Y Gendros, etc
:_______________________________.
cenros ‹KEN-ros› (f)
1 see cefnros
(=moorland on a ridge)
In many words in Welsh with the
element cefn in the penultimate syllable , the [v] is elided
cefnraff > cenraff, cefnfordd > cenffordd, cefnder > cender, cefnllif > cenlli, Y Gefnros
> Y Genros / Y Gendros, etc
:_______________________________.
cer! ‹KER› (verb) (South Wales)
1 go!
ETYMOLOGY: Used as the second-person singular
imperative of mynd (= to go), though in fact it is cer, the stem of cer’ed < cerdded (=
to walk)
NOTE: The second-person plural form is cerwch! (= go!)
:_______________________________.
cerbyd ‹ker -bid›
masculine noun
PLURAL cerbydau ‹ker- bə -de›
1 vehicle
cerbyd cyhoeddus public service vehicle (PSV)
2
carriage, coach
cerbyd â
phâr coach and pair (coach
drawn by two horses)
Y Cerbyd a’r
Meirch (public house name) the
Coach and Horses
yn Nhafarn y Cerbyd a’r
Meirch in the "Coach and
Horses", at the sign of the "Coach and Horses"
3
chariot
cerbyd rhyfel chariot, war chariot
cerbyd rhyfel
Rhufeinig Roman chariot
4
(railway) (American: car) (Englandic: carriage, coach)
cerbyd
trên (American: railroad car)
(Englandic: railway carriage)
cerbyd metro (American: subway car),
underground railway carriage, metro carriage
5
coach, motor coach
Cerbydau Caelloi "Caelloi
Motors", coach company in Pwllheli (the company uses the form Caelloi, the correct spelling would be Cae-lloi, with a hyphen; from
Cae’r-lloi = the field of the calves, calf field)
6 saer cerbydau
carriage builder, coach builder; person who builds bodies of cars, lorries,
railway cars (Englandic: carriages), etc
7
(history) ffordd gerbyd
coach road, road for horse-drawn coaches
8
ôl-gerbyd (lorry) trailer = wheeled flat frame towed by
a tractor unit; the flat frame may be a base for carrying a container, or may
support an open or closed box-like structure - (ôl = back) + soft mutation + (cerbyd = vehicle)
9
cerbytffordd carriageway
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Irish (modern Irish carbad = chariot);
cf (1) Celtic *karbant-,
(2) in Gaulish karpent (= war
vehicle).
(3) Taken into Latin as carpentum (=
wagon),
(4) From carpentum came French charpente = (building) framework,
skeleton; (body) constitution, build; (speech, novel) structure
(5) Derivatives in French: (a) charpenter (= (wood) shape;
construct; (speech, novel) shape, plan); (b) from the Latin derivative carpentarius (= wagon builder) is
French charpentier (= carpenter);
and charpenterie (= carpentry,
carpenter’s workshop, timberyard)
(6) The English word carpenter with ‹k› is from Norman; in many Norman words an initial ‹k› coresponds to ‹sh› [ʃ] in modern French, in earlier French ‹ch› [ʧ]
:_______________________________.
cerbytffordd
‹ker-bət-fordh › feminine noun
PLURAL cerbytffyrdd ‹ ker-bət-firdh ›
1 carriageway
ETYMOLOGY: (cerbyd = vehicle) + (ffordd= road)
> *cerbyd·ffordd > cerbytffordd
(d-ff > t-ff)
:_______________________________.
cerbyty ‹ker-bə-ti› masculine
noun
PLURAL cerbytai ‹ker-bə-tai›
1 coach house
ETYMOLOGY: (cerbyd = vehicle) + soft mutation + (ty =
house) > cerbyd·dy > cerbyty (d-d > t)
NOTE: Also coetsiws < English
"coachhouse"
:_______________________________.
cerdd, cerddi
‹KERDH,
KER dhi› ( noun)
1 poem
y gerdd = the poem
2 cerdd dant ‹kerdh DANT› harp music
This is literally ‘string music’ < tant
(= harpstring)
:_______________________________.
cerdded ‹KER dhed› (verb)
1 to walk
2
walk = go across, step on the surface of
Na cherddwch ar y glaswellt Keep off
the grass (“Do not walk on the grass”)
3
Cerddodd ias trwof A shiver went
down my spine (“a shudder went / walked through me”)
4
news, rumour - spread, (old-fashioned: go abroad)
mae’r si yn cerdded bod... there’s a
rumour going round that..., it’s rumoured that...
fe gerdodd y gair bod... the rumour
went around that...
fe gerdodd y sôn bod... the rumour
went around that...
Bu’r sôn am Siôn Llywelyn Gwêl-y-don yn
cerdded fel tân wyllt
The rumour about Siôn Llywelyn from Gwêl-y-don quickly went around (“went like
wildfire”)
:_______________________________.
cerddor,
cerddorion ‹KER dhor, ker DHOR yon› (masculine noun)
1 musician
:_______________________________.
cerddorfa,
cerddorféydd ‹ker
DHOR va, ker dhor VEIDH› (feminine noun)
1 orchestra
y gerddorfa the orchestra
Cerddorfa Faróc Cymru the Welsh Baroque Orchestra
(Cerddorfa Baroc Gymreig is not
correct)
:_______________________________.
cerddoriaeth ‹ker DHOR yeth› (feminine noun)
1 music
y gerddoriaeth = the music
:_______________________________.
cerddorol ‹ker DHO rol› (adjective)
1 musical
:_______________________________.
cerddwr,
cerddwyr ‹KER
dhur, KERDH wir›
(masculine noun)
1 pedestrian
:_______________________________.
cerdyn, cardiau ‹KER din, KARD ye› (masculine noun)
1 card
2
cerdyn
prawf test card - an image
broadcast by a television channel when the transmitter is active but there is
no programme being shown. It indicates what company is using the channel, and a
pattern on it serves for adjusting the TV set to obtain a correct setting.
:_______________________________.
cerdyn atgoffa ‹ker -din at-gô-fa› masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau
atgoffa ‹kard-ye at-gô-fa›
1 reminder, a postcard sent to
remind someone (e.g. from a library to say that the loan period for a book has
been exceeded, from a doctor or dentist to say that it is time to arrange a
time for a periocical check-up, etc)
ETYMOLOGY: "card (of) reminding", (cerdyn = card) + (atgoffa = to remind)
:_______________________________.
cerdyn banc ‹ker -din bangk› masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau
banc ‹kard-ye
bangk›
1 bank card, banker’s card;
card issued by a bank which guarantees the recipient of a cheque that it will
be paid in full up to a stated amount
ETYMOLOGY: “card (of) bank", (cerdyn = card) + ("banc" = bank)
:_______________________________.
cerdyn byrddio ‹ker -din bərdh-yo› masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau byrddio
‹kard-ye bərdh-yo›
1 boarding card =
identification card for a passenger going on to a boat or plane
ETYMOLOGY: translation of English boarding
card; (cerdyn = card) + (byrddio = to
embark, go on board)
NOTE: cerdyn byrddio is the standard form. In the south, carden fyrddio
:_______________________________.
cerdyn catalog ‹ker din KA ta log› (masculine noun)
1 catalogue card
:_______________________________.
cerdyn coch ‹ker -din kookh› masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau
coch, cardiau cochion ‹kard-ye kookh, kard-ye kokh-yon›
1 (football) red card = card
shown by a referee to a player who has broken a rule or rules of the game, used
as a visual command to leave the football field;
dangos y cerdyn coch = show the red card (to a player)
ETYMOLOGY: translation of English red
card
NOTE: cerdyn coch is the standard form. In the south, carden goch
:_______________________________.
cerdyn cofnodi ‹ker din kov NO di› (masculine noun)
1 file card
:_______________________________.
cerdyn cyfarch ‹ker -din kə-varkh› masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau cyfarch
‹kard-ye kə-varkh›
1 greetings card (Christmas,
birthday, wedding, etc)
ETYMOLOGY: adaptation of English greeting
card; (cerdyn = card) + (cyfarch = to
greet)
NOTE: cerdyn cyfarch is the standard form. In the south, carden gyfarch
:_______________________________.
cerdyn debyd ‹ker -din dê-bid› masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau
debyd ‹kard-ye dê-bid›
1 debit card, electronic card
which can be used for payment and automatically takes the amount to be paid
from the holder’s bank account and transfers it to the account of the payee
ETYMOLOGY: translation of English debit
card; (cerdyn = card) + (debyd = debit)
NOTE: Cerdyn debyd is the standard form. In the
south, carden ddebyd is possible
:_______________________________.
cerdyn glanio ‹ker -din glan-yo› masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau
glanio ‹kard-ye glan-yo›
1 landing card =
identification card for a passenger leaving a boat or plane
ETYMOLOGY: translation of English landing
card; (cerdyn = card) + (glanio = to land,
to disembark)
NOTE: cerdyn glanio is the standard form. In the south, carden lanio
:_______________________________.
cerdyn mynegai
‹ker din mə NE ge› (masculine noun)
1 index card
:_______________________________.
cerdyn pen-blwydd ‹ker -din pen-bluidh› masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau
pen-blwydd ‹ker -din pen-bluidh›
1 birthday card
ETYMOLOGY: translation of English birthday
card
NOTE: cerdyn pen-blwydd is the standard form. In the south, carden ben-blwydd
:_______________________________.
cerdyn post ‹ker -din post› masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau
post ‹ker
-din post›
1 postcard
2 cerdyn post darluniadol picture postcard
ETYMOLOGY: translation of English postcard
NOTE: cerdyn post is the standard form. In the north post
> pôst (Compare Southern rhost
(= rhoasted), Northern rhôst; Southern cost (= cost, Northern côst;
etc) . In the south, carden bost
:_______________________________.
cerdyn priodas ‹ker -din pri-o-das› masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau
priodas ‹kard-ye pri-o-das›
1 cerdyn
priodas wedding card, card
sent to congratulate a couple on their marriage
ETYMOLOGY: translation of English wedding
card
NOTE: cerdyn priodas is the standard form. In the south, carden briodas
:_______________________________.
cerdyn siec ‹KER din SHEK› (masculine noun)
1 check card
(Englandic: cheque card)
:_______________________________.
cerdyn ymwéld ‹ker -din əm-weld› masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau ymwéld
‹kard-ye əm-weld›
1 (American: calling card)
(Englandic: visiting card)
ETYMOLOGY: translation of English visiting
card
NOTE: cerdyn ymwéld is the standard form. In the south, carden ymwéld
:_______________________________.
cered ‹kê-red› verb
South Wales
1 form of cerdded = to
walk, to go
2
bod ar gered be away from home
rhoi ar gered put into action, set
in motion
3
Ceredigion; masculine noun hurry,
rush
Beth yw’r
cered sy
arnat ti? What’s the rush?
What’s all the hurry? (“What is the hurry which is on you?”)
ETYMOLOGY: cerdded with the loss of
the consonant ‹dh›
:_______________________________.
Cered ‹kê-red› masculine noun
http://www.mentrau-iaith.com/mentrau/ceredigion/cymraeg/ceredigion.shtml
1 ‘menter iaith’ (centre for
the promotion of the Welsh language) serving the county of Ceredigion. Set up
in October 2000, based in the village of Felin-fach.
ETYMOLOGY: a play on words – it is the abbreviaiton for Ceredigion (see Cered.),
as well as being the southern form of cerdded
(= to walk). In the county of Ceredigion cered
also has the sense of ‘hurry’, ‘intense activity’ (see cered)
:_______________________________.
Cered. ‹kê-red›
1 abbreviation of Ceredigion
(county name / region / old kingdom)
:_______________________________.
Ceredigion ‹ke re DIG yon› (feminine noun)
(1) medieval territory, south-west Wales;
(2) name of a district in the former county of Dyfed (1972-1996);
(3) modern county (created 1996)
:_______________________________.
cerf ‹kerf › adjective
1 carved
Daethpwyd o hyd i dwy
garreg gerf anferth o dan lawr yr eglwys
Two enormous carved stones were found under the floor of the church
ETYMOLOGY: stem of the verb cerfio
(= to carve)
:_______________________________.
cerfdy ‹kerv
-di› masculine noun
PLURAL cerfdai
‹kerv -dai›
1 carvery = restaurant where a
customer pays a set price and may have as many portions as he / she wants of
meat and vegetables
ETYMOLOGY: (cerf- stem of cerfio = to carve (meat) + soft
mutation + (ty^ = house)
:_______________________________.
cerfiad
‹kerv -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL cerfiadau
‹kerv- yâ -de›
1 carving
ETYMOLOGY: (cerf- stem of cerfio = to carve) + (-i-ad abstract noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
cerfiedig
‹kerv- yê -dig› adjective
1 carved
ETYMOLOGY: (cerf- stem of cerfio = to carve) + (-i-edig suffix for forming a past
participle adjective)
:_______________________________.
cerfio
‹kerv -yo› verb
(verb with an object)
1
carve = chip away at, or slice, a material (in order to form something)
cerfio pren carve wood
cerfio carreg carve a stone
2
carve = produce (an object) by chipping away at or slicing some material
cerfio delw carve a statue
3
carve (meat), cut slices off meat
4
carve = engrave
cerfio ei enw yn y garreg to carve
his name in the stone
5 of facial expression adopted, as if carved
Yr oedd anobaith wedi ei gerfio ar eu hwynebau
Hopelessness was carved on his face
ETYMOLOGY: (cerf < English kerve (= to carve) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
(cerf- is from Middle English kerve = to carve. As such, it preserves
the original –er sound which in later English became –ar; other examples are
Welsh fferm / clerc / persli / person, English farm / clark / parsley / parson )
Related to German die Kerbe (=
notch, nick)
:_______________________________.
cerfiwr
‹kerv -yur› masculine noun
PLURAL cerfwyr ‹kerv -wir›
2 woodcarver
Bob Gruff, y Cerfiwr o Langwm... Bob
Gruff, the woodcarver from Llangwm
ETYMOLOGY: (cerf-, stem of cerfio = to carve, to sculpt) + soft
mutation + (-i-wr suffix for
indicating a device or an agent; literally = man)
:_______________________________.
cerflun
<KERV-lin> [ˡkɛrvlɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL cerfluniau <kerv-LIN-yai, -yai, -e> [kɛrvˡlɪnjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 carving
2 statue, sculpture
cerflun o’r Forwyn a Madonna (a statue of the Virgin Mary)
ETYMOLOGY: (cerf-, stem of cerfio = to carve, to sculpt) + soft
mutation + (llun = picture)
:_______________________________.
cerfluniaeth
<kerv-LIN-yaith,
-yeth>
[kɛrvˡlɪnjaɪθ,
-ɛθ] feminine noun
1 (art) sculpture = making
three-dimensional figures; branch of art, a
discipline, a profession
ETYMOLOGY: (cerf-, stem of cerfio = to carve, to sculpt) +(-i-aeth suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
cerflunig
<kerv-LII-nig> [kɛrvˡliˑnɪg] masculine noun
PLURAL cerflunigau
<kerv-li-NII-gai,
-gai, -e>
[kɛrvlɪnˡiˑgaɪ,
-ɛ]
2 statuette
ETYMOLOGY: (cerflun = sculpture) + (-ig diminutive suffix added to nouns)
:_______________________________.
cerflunio
<kerv-LIN-yo> [kɛrvˡlɪnjɔ] verb
1 sculpt, create sculptures
ETYMOLOGY: (cerflun = sculpture) + (-ig diminutive suffix added to nouns) +
(-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
cerfluniwr
<kerv-LIN-yur> [kɛrvˡlɪnjʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL cerflunwyr <kerv-LIN-wir> [kɛrvˡlɪnwɪr]
1 sculptor
ETYMOLOGY: (cerflun-, arrel de cerflunio = to sculpt) + (-ig diminutive suffix added to nouns) +
(-i-wr suffix for indicating a
device or an agent; literally = man)
:_______________________________.
cerflunwaith
<kerv-LIN-waith> [kɛrvˡlɪnwaɪθ] masculine noun
PLURAL cerflunweithiau
<kerv-lin-WEITH-yai,
-yai, -e>
[kɛrvlɪnˡwəɪθjaɪ,
-ɛ]
2 carving
ETYMOLOGY: (cerflun = sculpture) + +
soft mutation + (gwaith = work)
:_______________________________.
cerflunydd <kerv-LII-nidh> [kɛrvˡliˑnɪð] masculine noun
1 sculptor; see cerfluniwr
:_______________________________.
cerfwedd
<KERV-wedh> [ˡkɛrvˡwɛð] feminine noun
1 relief = raised work (art)
cerfwedd isel bas relief, low relief
wedi ei gerfio mewn cerfwedd isel carved in low relief
cerfwedd uchel high
relief = a type of
relief or sculpture of shapes carved to stand out from a background; in high
relief, the carved figure is well above this surface formed to serve as the
background
ffug-gerfwedd false relief
mewn cerfwedd in relief
mewn cerfwedd canolig in medium relief
ETYMOLOGY: (cerf-, stem of cerfio = to carve, to sculpt) + soft
mutation + (gwedd = aspect)
:_______________________________.
Ceri <KEE-ri> [ˡkeˑrɪ] (masculine or feminine noun)
1 place name
Village in Powys
SO1489. Spelt “Kerry” by the English.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1489
2 man’s name
3 woman’s name
:_______________________________.
Ceridwen <ke-RID-wen> [kɛˡrɪdwɛn] (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name
ETYMOLOGY: The elements of this name (which may have been formed in British rather than in Welsh) are (cerid) + (-wen = white; fair)
Cerid < British *karita,
comparable with Latin caritas,
accusative caritatem (= dearness, high price; affection)
NOTE: Not connected with “cerdd”
(= poem), which is the derivation given on some name websites
:_______________________________.
cern <KERN> [ˡkɛrn] feminine
noun
PLURAL cernau
<KER-nai,
-nai, -e>
[ˡkɛrnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 cheekbone, side of head
y gern = the cheekbone
Roedd ganddo gernau uchel
He had high cheekbones
Brenhinoedd-1 22.24 Ond Sedseceia mab Cenaana a nesaodd, ac a
drawodd Michea dan ei gern, ac a ddywedodd, Pa ffordd yr aeth ysbryd yr Arglwydd
oddi wrthyf fi
i ymddidan â thydi?
Kings-1 22.24 But
Zedekiah, the son of Chenaanah went near, and smote Micaiah on the cheek, and
said, Which way went the spirit of the Lord from me to speak unto you?
2
county of Môn gwneud cern (cow, bull) make a threatening gesture with the head
3
cernflew (qv) side whiskers
4
cerngoch (qv) having red side
whiskers.
Cerngoch was the penname of John
Jenkins, a nineteenth-century poet from Llanfihangel Ystrad in the county of
Ceredigion
5
cernwyn (qv) having white side whiskers
6
cernod (qv); cernen (qv); cerniad /
cernad (qv); blow to the side of the head, box on the ears
7
slope, hillside
8
corner
“Plas Pengwern mewn cern, mîn coed”
(1790 Twm o’r Nant)
the mansion of Pengwern in a corner, (at the) edge of a wood
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cern < British *kern-a < Celtic *kern-â
From the same British root: Breton kern
(= summit; top of the head)
From the same Celtic root: Irish cearn
(= corner)
NOTE: According to a correspondent in the Western Mail (06 06 1983) “gern” is used in Cambrian English for
‘cheekbone and side of face’
:_______________________________.
Cernyw <KER-niu> [ˡkɛrnɪʊ] (feminine noun)
1 Cornwall
2 pastai Gernyw PLURAL pasteiod
Cernyw Cornish pasty,
(“pasty (of) Cornwall”)
:_______________________________.
Cernyweg <ker-NIU-eg> [kɛrˡnɪʊɛg] (feminine noun) (adjective)
1 Cornish
(language)
y Gernyweg = the Cornish language
:_______________________________.
cerpyn PLURAL carpau <KER-pin> [ˡkɛrpɪn] <KAR-pai, -pai, -e> [ˡkarpaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 rag
2 (South Wales) (colloquial) yn eich carpau gorau all dressed up, in
one's best clothes ("in your best rags")
:_______________________________.
cerpyn <KER-pin> [ˡkɛrpɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL carpiaid <KARP-yaid, -yed> [ˡkarpjaɪd, -ɛd]
1 (Cyprinus carpio) carp
ETYMOLOGY: (carp = carp) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns) (vowel
change a > e under the influence of the y in the final syllable)
Welsh carp < English carp an adaptation of English carp
< Old French < Germanic
:_______________________________.
cerrig <KE-rig> [ˡkɛrɪg] (plural noun)
1 stones (plural
of carreg)
:_______________________________.
Cerrig
Ceinwen <ke-rig KEIN-wen> [ˡkɛrɪg ˡkəɪnwɛn] (feminine noun)
1 place name
(Ceinwen’s stones)
:_______________________________.
Cerrigllwydion <KE-rig LHUID-yon> [ˡkɛrɪg
ˡɬʊɪdjɔn]
1 hamlet above Pont-rhyd-y-fen in the Afan valley (county of
Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
ETYMOLOGY: y cerrig llwydion =
“the grey stones” (cerrig = stones.
plural of carreg = stone) + (llwydion plural form of llwyd = grey)
:_______________________________.
cerrynt <KE-rint> [ˡkɛrɪnt] nm
PLURAL cerhyntau
<ker-HƏN-tai,
-tai, -e>
[kɛrˡhəntaɪ, -ɛ]
1
(obsolete) path, road
2
(obsolete) riverbed
3
(obsolete) ford
ETYMOLOGY: (carr- < car = cart) + (hynt = way)
carr-hynt > cerr-hynt (vowel affection, a
> e caused by the y in the following syllable) > cerrynt (loss of the h)
Cornish karrhyns (= cart track),
Breton karrhent (= sunken lane,
lane)
NOTE: Also: cerhynt
:_______________________________.
certh <KERTH> [kɛrθ] (adjective) (Latin: certus)
1 (obsolete)
certain. See coelcerth = bonfire
:_______________________________.
cerwyn <KE-ruin> [ˡkɛrʊɪn] feminine noun
PLURAL cerwyni <ke-RUI-ni> [kɛˡrʊɪnɪ]
1 tub, vat
y gerwyn = the tub
2
(place names) hollow
Moel Cwm Cerwyn “There is a mountain in Pembrokeshire called Moel Cwm
Cerwyn which derives its name from Cwm Cerwyn, a crater-like hollow on the
summit of it.” (Byegones 3 7 1878 p57)
3 cerwn facsu (South Wales) brewing vat
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cerwyn < British *kerên(a),
possibly from Latin carîna (= keel,
nutshell) (as in Catalan carena =
keel of a boat, hill ridge)
NOTE: Colloquially in the south it is cerwn
(wy > w)
NOTE: Page 46 / A Welsh Grammar - Historical and Comparative / John Morris-Jones (1864-1929) /
1913: The following words may be
mentioned as those most commonly mispronounced: wy is the falling
diphthong in cer
n ‘vat’, disg
l, ‘look, expect’, G
nedd ‘Venedotia’, G
ndid, id., mor
n ‘maiden’, ter
n ‘ fervent’; it is the rising
diphthong in oher
dd ‘because of’, cych
n, ‘rise, start’, erch
n ‘protector, [bed]-side’, ded
dd ‘happy’
(delw 7092)
:_______________________________.
cesail
<KE-sail,
-sel>
[ˡkɛsaɪl ,
ˡkɛsɛl] feminine noun
PLURAL ceseiliau
<ke-SEIL-yai,
-yai, -e>
[kɛˡsəɪljaɪ,
-jɛ]
1 armpit
y gesail the armpit
cesail y forddwyd groin
2
dan eich cesail (bird) under its
wing ("under your armpit");
iâr â’i phen dan ei chesail a hen
with its head under its wing
3
armpit = part of garment, where the sleeve joins the main part (shirt, blouse,
jacket, dress, etc)
4
poced gesail inside pocket (of a
jacket, etc) ("armpit pocket")
5
hollow, nook, recess, sheltered place; sometimes in place names
Y Gesail “the nook” street name in
Johnstown (county of Wrecsam)
6
North Wales creek, inlet
7
South Wales cesail morddwyd crotch, groin ("(arm)pit (of) thigh")
8
South Wales Cymer gip dan dy gesail See your own faults first; recognise that you
too have faults before you accuse others ("take a look under your
armpit")
:_______________________________.
Cesail-y-bryn <KE-sail, -sel, ə BRIN> [ˡkɛsaɪl, –sɛl ə ˡbrɪn]
1 street name in
Pwllheli (county of Gwynedd) (“Cesail y
Bryn”)
ETYMOLOGY: cesail y bryn “(the)
hollow / nook (of) the hill”, “hill hollow”
(cesail = armpit; hollow,
nook) + (y definite article) + (bryn
= hill)
:_______________________________.
cesair
<KE-sair,
-ser>
[ˡkɛsaɪr, -ɛr]
South Wales
1 hailstones, hail
See ceseiren
:_______________________________.
cesar
<KE-sar> [ˡkɛsar]
1 South-east Wales - local form of cesair (= hail, hailstones). See ceseiren
:_______________________________.
Cesar
<KE-sar> [ˡkɛsar] masculine
noun
1 Iwl Cesar Julius Caesar
2 Telwch chwithau yr eiddo
Cesar i Gesar
Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar’s ("pay you yourself what
belongs to Caesar to Caesar")
Mathew 22:17 Dywed i ni gan hynny, Beth yr wyt ti yn
ei dybied? AI cyfreithlon rhoddi teyrnged
i Gesar, ai nid yw? (22:18) Ond
yr Iesu a wybu eu
drygioni hwy, ac
a ddywedodd, Paham yr ydych yn
fy nhemtio i, chwi ragrithwyr? (22:19) Dangoswch
i mi arian y deyrnged.
A hwy a ddygasant ato geiniog: (22:20) Ac
efe a ddywedodd wrthynt,
Eiddo pwy ywr ddelw hon a’r argraff? (22:21) Dywedasant wrtho, Eiddo
Cesar. Yna y dywedodd wrthynt, Telwch chwithau yr eiddo Cesar i Gesar, a’r eiddo Duw
i Dduw.
Matthew 22:17 Tell us
therefore, What thinkest thou? Is it lawful to give tribute unto Caesar, or
not? (22:18) But Jesus perceived their wickedness, and said, Why tempt ye me, ye
hypocrites? (22:19) Show me the tribute money. And they brought unto him a penny.
(22:20) And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? (22:21)
They say unto him, Caesar's. Then saith he unto them, Render therefore unto
Caesar the things which are Caesar's; and unto God the things that are God's.
Other verions of the expression in other gospels:
Marc 12:14 Hwythau, pan ddaethant, a ddywedasant wrtho,
Athro, ni a wyddom
dy fod di yn eirwir, ac nad oes arnat ofal rhag neb: canys nid wyt ti yn
edrych ar wyneb dynion, ond yr wyt yn dysgu ffordd Duw mewn gwirionedd: Ai cyfreithlon
rhoi teyrnged
i Gesar, ai nid yw? a
roddwn, ai ni roddwn hi?
(12:15) Ond efe, gan wybod eu rhagrith hwynt, a ddywedodd wrthynt, Paham y temtiwch fi? dygwch i mi geiniog,
fel y gwlewyf fi (12:16) A
hwy a’i dygasant. Ac efe a ddywedodd
wrthynt, Eiddo pwy yw’r
ddelw hon a’r argraff? A hwy a ddywedasant wrtho, Eiddo Cesar. (12:17) A’r Iesu a atebodd ac a ddywedodd wrthynt, Rhoddwch yr eiddo Cesar i Gesar, a’r eiddo
Duw i Dduw. A rhyfeddu a wnaethant o’r plegid.
Mark 12:14 And when they were come, they say unto him, Master, we know that
thou art true, and carest for no man: for thou regardest not the person of men,
but teachest the way of God in truth: Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar,
or not? (12:15) Shall we give, or shall we not give? But he, knowing their hypocrisy,
said unto them, Why tempt ye me? bring me a penny, that I may see it. (12:16)
And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and
superscription? And they said unto him, Caesar's. (12:17) And Jesus answering
said unto them, Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the
things that are God's. And they marvelled at him.
Luc 20.22 Ai cyfreithlon i ni roi teyrnged i Gesar, ai nid yw? (20:23) Ac efe a ddeallodd eu cyfrwystra
hwy, ac a ddywedodd wrthynt, Paham y temtiwch fi? (20:24) Dangoswch
i mi geiniog. Llun ac argraff pwy sydd arni? A hwy a
atbeasant ac a ddyewdasant, Yr eiddo Cesar. (20.25) Ac efe a ddywedodd wrthynt, Rhoddwch chwithau yr
eiddo Cesar i Gesar, a’r eiddo Duw i Dduw.
Luke 20:22 Is it lawful for us to give tribute unto Caesar, or no? (20:23) But
he perceived their craftiness, and said unto them, Why tempt ye me? (20:24)
Show me a penny. Whose image and superscription hath it? They answered and
said, Caesar's. (20:25) And he said unto them, Render therefore unto Caesar the
things which be Caesar's, and unto God the things which be God's.
ETYMOLOGY: Cesar
< Latin Caesar
:_______________________________.
Cesaraidd
<ke-SAA-raidh,
-edh>
[kɛˡsaraɪð, -ɛð] adjective
1 Caesarian; genedigaeth
Gesaraidd Caesarian birth
:_______________________________.
ces dillad <KEES
DII-lhad>
[ˡkeːs ˡdɪɬad] masculine
noun
PLURAL cesys dillad <KE-sis DII-lhad> [ˡkɛsɪs ˡdɪɬad]
1 suitcase
also: siwtces
ETYMOLOGY: (ces = case) + (dillad = clothes)
:_______________________________.
ceseiren <ke-SEI-ren> [kɛˡsəɪrɛn]
feminine noun
PLURAL cesair
<KE-sair,
-ser>
[ˡkɛsaɪr, -ɛr]
South Wales
1 hailstone
y geseiren = the hailstone
2 bwrw cesair to hail
("throw hailstones")
3 cawod o gesair
hailstorm, hail shower ("shower of hail")
4 cesair hailstones, hail
5 ceseirio to hail
ETYMOLOGY: ceseiren (cesair
= hail) + (-en = singulative suffix)
Welsh cesair < ceseir < British
From the same British root: Cornish keser
= hail, Breton kazarc’h = hail
(showing the influence of erc’h =
snow).
From the same Celtic root: Irish casairneach
= hail
NOTE: informal spelling: ceser; In South-east Wales it is cesar <KE-sar> [ˡkɛsar]
:_______________________________.
ceseirio
<ke-SEIR-yo> [kɛˡsəɪrjɔ] verb
South Wales
1 to hail
ETYMOLOGY: (cesair = hail) + (-io)
NOTE: The spoken form is ceseiro – in
the South, the semiconsonant <y> [j] at the beginning of a final syllable is
generally lost
:_______________________________.
ceser
<KE-ser> [ˡkɛsɛr]
1 Informal spelling of cesair = hail, hailstones. See ceseiren
:_______________________________.
cestyll <KE-stilh> [ˡkɛstɪɬ] (plural noun)
1 castles (plural
of castell)
:_______________________________.
cethr <KEE-ther> [ˡkeˑθɛr] (masculine noun)
1 (obsolete)
lance (Latin ‘centrum’)
:_______________________________.
cetyn, cetynnau / catiau
<KE-tin,
ke-TƏ-nai, -ne, KAT-yai, -yai, -e> [ˡkɛtɪn, kɛˡtənaɪ,
-ɛ, ˡkatjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 fragment
byw ar
eich cetyn (south-west) live off your savings
2 short-stemmed
pipe
:_______________________________.
ceubren
<KEI-bren> [ˡkəɪbrɛn] nm
PLURAL ceubrennau,
ceubrenni <kei-BRE-nai, -ne,-ni> [kəɪbrɛnaɪ, -nɛ, -nɪ]
1 hollow tree
ETYMOLOGY: (ceu- < cau = empty) + soft mutation + ( pren = tree)
:_______________________________.
Ceubren yr Ellyll <KEI-bren ər
E-lhilh>
[ˡkəɪbrɛn ər
ˡɛɬɪɬ]
1 'the hollow tree of the sprite’ = hollow oak at Nannau where Owain Glyndwr is said to have hidden the body of his
would-be assassin, his cousin Hywel Sele
Ceubren yr Ellyll... Yng nghwr isaf gardd
Nannau, ger Meirion, safai gynt
dderwen fawr a elwid ar yr enw (Brython 1858-9)
At the bottom of the garden at Nannau... there was formerly a large oak called
by this name
ETYMOLOGY: (ceubren = hollow tree) +
(yr definite article) + ( ellyll = sprite, pixie)
:_______________________________.
ceudod <KEI-dod> [ˡkəɪdɔd] (masculine noun)
1 cavity
2 wal
geudod cavity wall
:_______________________________.
ceufron
<KEI-vron> [ˡkəɪvrɔn] feminine
noun
PLURAL ceufronnau,
ceufronnydd <kei-VRO-nai,
-ne,-nidh>
[kəɪˡvrɔnaɪ,
-ɛ, -ɪð]
1 hollowed hillside
y geufron = the hollowed hillside
Place names:
(1) Y Geufron (SJ2142) locality in
Sir Ddinbych
(2) Y Goufron farm north of the
village of Llanfihangel Brynpabuan, county of Powys (on English maps as “Goyfron”)
ETYMOLOGY: (ceu- penult syllable
form of cau- = empty) + soft
mutation + (bron = hill )
NOTE: In the south “ceu-“ is (or was) generally pronounced as “cou-“, hence coufron, Y Goufron
:_______________________________.
ceugrwm <KEI-grum> [ˡkəɪgrʊm] adjective
1 concave = curving inward
2 ceugrwm concave (Cf amgrwm convex)
cromlin geugrwm concave line (Cf cromlin amgrwm convex line)
ETYMOLOGY: (ceu- penult syllable
form of cau- = empty) + soft
mutation + (crwm = curved)
NOTE: feminine form: ceugrom, plural
ceugrymion
:_______________________________.
ceugwm <KEI-gum> [ˡkəɪgʊm] masculine
noun
PLURAL ceugymoedd
<kei-GƏ-moidh, -modh> [kəɪˡgəmɔɪð,
-ɔð]
1 deep narrow ravine
ETYMOLOGY: (ceu- penult syllable
form of cau- = empty, hollow) + soft
mutation + (cwm = valley)
NOTE: South Wales: cougwm <KOI-gum> [ˡkɔɪgʊm] . See ou
:_______________________________.
ceulan,
ceulannau <KEI-lan, kei-LA-nai, -nai, -e> [ˡkəɪlan,
kəɪˡlanaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 river bank
2 coilan
southern form of ceulan
y geulan goch > Goilan-goch locality in the county of Caerfyrddin
Marwolaethau: "Awst 20fed, wedi byr gystudd, yn 73 mlwydd oed, Esther
Thomas, Goilangoch, Llandilo
(Tyst a'r Dydd 15 6 1882)
Deaths: August 20, after a short illness, at the age of 73, Esther Thomas, of
Geulan-goch / Goilan-goch, Llandeilo
:_______________________________.
ceulfraen
<KEIL-vrain,
-vren>
[ˡkəɪlvraɪn, -ɛn] masculine
noun
(South-west Wales)
NOTE: Colloquially in the south colfran
<KOL-vran> [ˡkɔlvran]
1 curds
2 colfran cottage cheese
caws colfran cottage cheese
ETYMOLOGY: colfran < coulfraen (an earlier form of ceulfraen) (coul / ceul- = penult form of caul
= curds) + soft mutation + ( braen =
rotten, putrid)
:_______________________________.
ceunant <KEI-nant> [ˡkəɪnant] masculine
noun
PLURAL ceunentydd <kei-NAN-tidh> [kəɪˡnantɪð]
1 ravine, gorge = rocky ravine
with stream
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ‘hollow valley’, (ceu-,
penult form of cau = hollow) + (nant = valley) < British
From the same British root: Cornish kownans
(= ravine), as in the place name Pennkownans
(“top end of the ravine”), in English “Kynance”
NOTE: (South Wales) Here eu is / was
pronounced ou. Thus counant <KOI-nant> [ˡkɔɪnant]
:_______________________________.
Ceunant <KEI-nant> [ˡkəɪnant]
1 SH 5361 locality in the
county of Gwynedd
2 Counant <KOI-nant> [ˡkɔɪnant] farm 6km south-south-west of Llanboidy SN2123 (county of Caerfyrddin).
........(1) This is a southern pronunciation of ceunant. More examples of this feature at ou
........(2) Sometimes on maps with a spelling showing interference from English
spelling conventions - oy instead of
ou. Thus “Coynant”
ETYMOLOGY: See preceding entry
:_______________________________.
cewch <KEUKH> [ˡkɛʊx] (verb)
1 you shall have
< cael
2 Mwya gewch chi, mwya fynnwch chi
The more you get / have, the more you want, The more people have, the more they
want
:_______________________________.
cewri
<KEU-ri> [ˡkɛʊrɪ]
1 giants; plural form of cawr = giant
:_______________________________.
cewyll <KEU-ilh> [ˡkɛʊɪɬ]
1 baskets; plural form of cawell = basket
:_______________________________.
Cf
1 Abbreviation on maps for Culfor
strait, straits = narrow stretch of water joining two areas of sea
Cf Gibraltar = Culfor Gibraltar
:_______________________________.
cfdds.
1 abbreviation (in a dictionary entry) = cyfaddasiad
:_______________________________.
CH, ch
‹EKH› [ɛx] feminine
noun
1) fourth letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y
:_______________________________.
ch
1 Certain words in Welsh with ch
are borrowings from English borrowed at a time when gh was pronounced ‹GH› [ɣ] in English
..1/ Brychdwn = Broughton, place in
the county of Bro Morgannwg
..2/ Cnicht = mountain name in the
district of Meirionnydd
(county of Gwynedd) (from English
‘knight’)
..3/ dracht = draught, swig, drink;
and the verb formed from this drachtio
= drink down
..4/ fflachdar (South Wales) cwympo’n
fflachdar = fall head over
heels < English dialectal “flaughter” (= fall head over heels)
..5/ Halchdyn = village in the county of Wrecsam (from the English name
"Halghton")
..6/ Niwbwrch = village in county of
Ynys Môn (from new + burgh, = "new
borough")
..7/ slachdar (= mess) < English slaughter
..8/ Sychdyn Soughton, place in the county of Y Fflint
2 In some words in Welsh which are borrowings from English, the
sound <kh> [x] has replaced English <sh> [ʃ]
..1/ fflàch = flash < <
English “flash”
..2/ llàch = whipstroke < English
"lash"
..3/ fflwch = abundant < English
“flush”
:_______________________________.
chaiff <KHAIF> [xaɪf] verb
1 from ni chaiff, won’t get,
won’t receive, won’t be able
(ni negative particle + spirant
mutation + caiff, present-future
tense third person singular of the verb cael)
Chaiff neb mo’i dwyllo fe He’s nobody’s fool, Nobody can get the better of him, He can’t be taken
in ("nobody will achieve his cheating")
Chaiff mo’i big i mewn He won’t get
a look in, He’ll be prevented from joining in (“he won’t get his beak in”)
Chaiff e fawr o gyfle He won’t get
much of a chance
chei di
ddim <khei di DHIM> [xəɪ dɪ ˡðɪm] verb
1 (literary Welsh) ni chei = you won’t get, you won’t be
allowed to; I won’t let you...
Segond person singular of the future tense of cael (= receive, get, obtain, be allowed to)
2 Chei di ddim cyffwrdd pen dy
fys ynddo I won’t let you lay a finger on him (“you
won’t get (the) touching (of the) tip (of) your finger in him”)
:_______________________________.
chi <KHII> [xiː] (pronoun)
1 you
:_______________________________.
chi mod = rych chi’n gwybod <khi MOD> [xɪ ˡmɔd] (phrase)
1 you know
:_______________________________.
chithau <KHII-thai, -thai, -e> [ˡxiˑθaɪ, -ɛ] (pronoun)
1 you too
(literary Welsh: chwithau)
:_______________________________.
chithe
<KHII-thai,
-e>
[ˡxiˑθɛ] pronoun
1 Colloquial form of chwithau (= you too)
-Blwyddyn newydd
dda ichi! -Run fath i chithe!
(= Yr un fath i chwithau!)
-A Happy New Year to you.
-The same to you.
:_______________________________.
Chlidonias hybrida
1 corswennol farfog (f) corswenoliaid barfog whiskered
tern
:_______________________________.
Chlywais i mo’r
fath beth ‹khlə-wes ii moor vaath beeth›
1 (expression of surprise)
I’ve never heard such a thing! Well I never!
ETYMOLOGY: < ni chlywais i ddim o’r
fath baeth (ni negative
particle) + aspirate mutation + (clwais
= I heard < clywed = to hear) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (math = type, sort) + soft mutation + (peth = thing)
:_______________________________.
chw
1 This initial consonant cluster corresponds to ‹sk› or ‹sh› in Irish words of the same Celtic origin
..1/ chwedl (= tale), Irish scéal (= tale)
..2/ chwerw (= bitter), Irish searbh (= bitter)
..3/ chwyd (= vomit), chwydu (= to vomit), Irish sceith (= to vomit)
..4/ chwydd (= swelling), Irish siad (= swelling)
..5/ chwyl (= peal of bells), Irish seal (= turn, go; period, spell)
..6/ chwythu (= to blow), Irish séid (= to blow)
..7/ cychwyn (= to begin), the final element “-chwyn” = Irish scinn (= to start)
:_______________________________.
chwaer,
chwiorydd ‹KHWAIR,
khwi O ridh›
(feminine noun)
1 sister
:_______________________________.
chwaethach ‹KHWEI-thakh› (feminine noun)
1 never mind…,
not to mention… (expression used to
indicate that a possiblility does not exist, or even one that could be
considered close to it)
Mynd yn gyfreithiwr? Does dim digon yn hen glopa di i neud ysgybwr heolydd chwaethach cyfreithiwr
Become a
lawyer? Ther’s not enough in your noggin to make a road sweeper (out of you),
never mind a lawyer
-Ma’ ’i enw ar fla’n ‘y nhafod… beth o’dd e nawr?
-Rw inne’n ffaelu gofio hefyd. Dyw e ddim ar fôn 'y
nhafod i, chwaetach ar ei fla'n e.
-His name’s on the tip of my tongue. What was it nawr?
-I can’t remember it either. It’s not [even] on the
base of my tongue, never mind the tip of my tongue
Fydde fe ddim yn dweud hynny am neb, chwaethach am hen
gyfaill iddo,
TES-Y Wel, mi sgwenis i at Tom Ellis, ac mi ges
atab yn ol yn
deyd wrtha i am fod yn y lobi am bump o’r gloch ddydd
Mawrth, ac y gofala fo am dana i wedyn. Mi roeddwn i'n
synu braidd i fod o'n ceisio gin i aros yn y lobi - wrth gwrs
lobi Ty^'r Cyffredin oedd o'n feddwl. Chymwn i ddim
llawar am ddeyd wrth ddyn diarth
ççchwaethachççç cyfaill
am
aros yn y lobi; mi fydd y forwyn yma bob amsar yn ceisio
gan ddyn diarth i ddod i fiawn i'r hôl os nad i'r morning
rwm pan fydd yn galw i ngwelad i. (:REF) Dafydd Dafis, sef Hunangofiant Ymgeisydd
Seneddol.
Awdur:
Beriah Gwynfe Evans, 1898. Tudalen 6
(REF:) TES-Z
CAT-Y XXXXXX CAT-Z
ENG-Y ççchwaethach fythççç let
alone, not to mention ENG-Z
TES-Y [[y]] newyddion i wyddonwyr yn America ddyfeisio pilsen
sy'n medru sobri pobol.
Er bod rhywun yn ymwybodol fod am i hen gi yn meddwi dydw i erioed wedi gweld
ci wedi meddwi. ççChwaethach fythççç
angen pilsan i'w sobri(:REF)Cymro 15 12 93(REF:)(CYM:) TES-Z
:_______________________________.
chwaith ‹KHWAITH› (adverb)
1 either
:_______________________________.
chwalfa,
chwalféydd ‹KHWAL
va, khwal VEIDH›
(feminine noun)
1 collapse
2 chwalfa anadferadwy (marriage) irretrievable
breakdown , irremediable breakdown
:_______________________________.
chwalu ‹KHWA li› (verb)
1 disperse,
scatter; knock down, demolish (a house)
chwalu (wal) knock
down, flatten, smash open (a wall)
2 chwalu dadl destroy
an argument, tear an argument to pieces
3 gwaith
chwalu carthion sewage works, sewage farm (“work / works (of) destroying
excrements”)
4 chwalu yn wastad â’r llawr raze
to the ground
5 Chwalwyd ein gobeithion pan ddaeth y newydd fod y cyngor wedi gwrthod rhoi
caniatàd i ni fynd rhagddi
Our hopes were dashed when we heard that
the local council had refused to give us permission to go ahead
:_______________________________.
chwalwr ‹khwâ -lur› masculine noun
PLURAL chwalwyr ‹khwal -wir›
1
(North Wales) chwalwr gwair, or
simply chwalwr: haymaker, device
which spreads hay for drying
2
chwalwr chwedlau gossip,
blabbermouth, someone who tells tales
3
chwalwr llongau ship breaker
4
demolitionist
chwalwr tai housebreaker, person who
demolishes old buildings
ETYMOLOGY: (chwal-, stem of chwalu = destroy, scatter) + (-wr agent suffix)
:_______________________________.
chwannen ‹khwa -nen› feminine noun
PLURAL chwain
‹khwain›
1 flea
2 cyn pen chwinciad chwannen in the blink of an eye (“before the end of a
wink of a flea”)
3
chweina = look for fleas
4
achub chwannen a cholli croen buwch
(“catch a flea and lose a cow hide”) dedicate too much time and effort to an
unimportant matter and lose what is important
5
chwannen ddŵr plural: chwain dŵr water flea, daphnia
6
chwannen y traeth sand hopper (“flea
(of) the beach”)
7
chwain y gof sparks from red-hot
iron being hammered (“fleas of the smith”)
8
lladd chwannen â gordd crack a nut
with a sledgehammer (“kill a flea with a sledgehammer”) use absurdly
disproportionate measures to deal with a small problem
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh chwain < chwein < British *skond-
Cornish hwannenn, plural hwannennow (= flea),
Breton: c'hwennenn plural c'hwenn (= flea)
NOTE: (1) South-west Wales chw- >
hw- (chwannen, chwain)
(2) South-east Wales chw- > hw- > w- (wannan, wain)
:_______________________________.
chwant,
chwantau ‹KHWANT, KHWAN te› (masculine noun)
1 desire
:_______________________________.
chwap
‹ khwap › masculine
noun
PLURAL chwapiau
‹ khwap -ye›
1
wallop, sudden blow
2
(adverb) yn chwap o chwap instantly; swiftly, soon
(South-east Wales: wap)
Pan mae'r Fenni yn gwisgo'i chap
Bydd glaw yn dilyn chwap...
When Y Fenni wears her cap (= when there are clouds over Abergafenni town) rain
will soon follow
Y mae gennym ninnau yn yr Wyddgrud ein
tafodiaith - ond fe ddowch i'n deall chwap!
We in Yr Wyddgrug (town in north-east Wales) have our own dialect – but you’ll
soon get to understand us
3
(South Wales) chwepyn / hwepyn / wepyn clout,
smack; instant
(chwap = bang, slap, blow) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns)
(vowel change a > e under the influence of the y in the final syllable)
ETYMOLOGY: anglès whap (= blow,
impact)
NOTE: South Wales: chwap > hwap,
wap
:_______________________________.
chwarae ‹KHWA re› (verb)
1 to play
2 chwarae plant child’s play, kids’
stuff, something very easy (“(the) playing (of) children”)
3 chwarae mwgwd yr ieir play blind man’s
buff (“play (the) blindfold (of) the hens”)
chwarae mwgwd y dall play blind
man’s buff (“play (the) blindfold (of) the blnd man”)
4
chwarae dwbl neu ddim play double or
quits, game in which by tossing a coin, etc, it is decided whether a stake is
to be doubled or withdrawn
5 chwarae triphlyg (Baseball) triple play
6
Dos i chwarae efo dy fol! Get
stuffed! (“go to play with your belly”)
7
lle chwarae playground, children’s
playground
8
maes chwarae playing field, sports
ground, sports field
Maeschwarae
Street name in Yr Ystôg, district of Maldwyn, county
of Powys (“Maes Chwarae”)
9
cael eich afal i chwarae ac i’w fwyta have your cake and eat it (“get your apple to play and to eat it”) Chewch chi mo’ch afal i chwarae ac i’w fwyta You can’t have your cake and eat it
10 hapchwarae gamble
(hap = chance) + (chwarae = to play)
y Ddeddf Hapchwarae The Gambling
Act, The Gaming Act
:_______________________________.
chwaraeon ‹khwa REI on› (plural noun)
1 sports; plural
of chwarae
:_______________________________.
chwarae teg ‹KHWA re TEEG› (masculine noun)
1 fair play
gwneud chwarae teg â do justice to =
treat fairly
:_______________________________.
chwaraewr gwyddbwyll ‹khwa rei ur GUIDH builh› (masculine noun)
1 chess player
:_______________________________.
chwardd-
‹khwardh› verb
1 stem of the verb chwerthin
= to laugh
chwarddais = I laughed
:_______________________________.
chwarel
<KHWAA-rel> [ˡxwɑˑrɛl] feminine
noun
PLURAL chwareli,
chwarelau <khwa-REE-li,-lai, -e> [xwaˡreˑlɪ, -laɪ, -ɛ]
North Wales
1 quarry = place (usually an open pit) from which building stone is
obtained
2
quarry = place (usually an open pit) from which slate (for roofing, etc) is
obtained,
chwarel lechi plural chwareli llechi slate quarry
3
ardal chwareli quarrying area,
district with many quarries
ETYMOLOGY: chwarel < cwarel < English quarrel < Old French quarriere from *quarre < Latin quadrâre
(= to make (something)
square).
(1) Dissimulation in English: the sequence r-r
became r-l (quarrer > quarrel)
(2) The sequence cw- became (in
North Wales) chw-
(3) modern French has carrière (=
quarry)
NOTE: In South Wales there are various forms with cw- (1) cwarel, (2) cwar, (3) cware
:_______________________________.
chwart
<KHWART> [xwart] masculine
noun
PLURAL chwartiau
<KHWART-yai,
-yai, -e>
[ˡxwartjaɪ, -ɛ]
1
quarter of a gallon = 1,136 litres
gwin diflas gwerth hanner can ceiniog y
chwart
insipid wine worth (the equivalent of) fifty pence a quart
2
chwysu cwartiau to sweat gallons
(“to sweat quarts”)
ETYMOLOGY: English quart < Old
French quarte < Latin quartus (= a quarter)
NOTE In South Wales the change cw-
> chw- has not occurred, and so
here it is cwart <KWART> [kwart]
:_______________________________.
chwarter <KHWAR-ter> [ˡxwartɛr] masculine noun
PLURAL: chwarteri <khwar-TEE-ri> [xwarˡteˑrɪ]
1 quarter
NOTE: In the south (chw > cw) cwarter, cwarteri <KWAR-ter, kwar-TEE-ri> [ˡkwartɛr,kwarˡteˑrɪ]
ETYMOLOGY: 1500- English "quarter" < French "quartier" <
Latin "quartârius" = fourth part < "quartus" = fourth
:_______________________________.
chwarthor
<KHWAR-thor> [ˡxwarθɔr] masculine
or feminine noun
PLURAL chwarthorion,
chwarthorau <khwar-THOR-yon, khwar-THO-rai, -rai, -e> [xwarˡθɔrjɔn,
xwarˡθɔraɪ, -ɛ]
1 joint of meat (leg, saddle,
etc)
2
Ceinewydd,
county of Ceredigion hwarthol o oen = leg of lamb
3
county of Penfro hwarthol o gig maharen = leg of mutton
4
chwarthor tir obsolete fourth part of a stag to be given to the owner of the land
on which it had been hunted (tir =
land)
ETYMOLOGY: chwarthor < chwarthawr < Latin quartârius, pars quartâria = a fourth
part
NOTE: Colloquially there is also a form with dissimulation – the sequence r-r becomes r-l
Chwarthor > chwarthol; and this is
the basis of the colloquial variants
.....(1) hwarthol <HWAR-thol> [ˡhwarθɔl] in the south-west initial chw- is simplified to hw-),
and
.....(2) gwarthol <GWAR-thol> [ˡgwarθɔl] (with gw-
instead of chw-)
:_______________________________.
chwe <KHWEAi, -e> [xweː] (nm) (+ noun)
1 six (before a
consonant)
chwe munud <KHWEE-MII-nid> [ˡxweː ˡmiˑnɪd] six minutes
:_______________________________.
chwech <KHWEEKH> [xweːx] (n)
1 six (as an
independent numeral, and as a determiner before a vowel)
(in the South, chwech / hwech / wech is
also used before consonants)
:_______________________________.
chweched <KHWEE-khed> [ˡxweˑxɛd] (adjective)
1 sixth
:_______________________________.
chwedl,
chwedlau ‹KHWEDL, KHWED le› (feminine noun)
South Wales: hweddel ‹HWE dhel›
1 legend, tale
2 story, gossip
2 Prìn chwedl, llawn chwedl No news is good news (“scarce report,
full report”)
:_______________________________.
chwedlon
‹khwed-
lon › feminine noun
PLURAL chwedlonau
‹khwed-lô-ne›
1 (word not in general
use) myth
ETYMOLOGY: stem of the word chwedloniaeth
(= mythology).
Used to form derivatives - chwedlonol
(= mythical), chwedlonwr (= mythologist),
chwedloneg (= the study of myths), chwedloni (= mythologise)
:_______________________________.
chwedloniaeth
‹khwed-
lon -yeth› feminine noun
PLURAL chweloniaethau
‹khwed-lon-
yei -the›
1 mythology = traditional
stories of one particular culture
2 mythology = set of beliefs and traditions and stories related to
some object (plant, etc)
ETYMOLOGY: First example 1850. Modelled on the word barddoniaeth (= poetry). (chwedl
= legend, myth, tale) + (-oni-
element as in barddoniaeth) + (-aeth suffix for forming nouns)
Barddoniaeth was originally barddoni - the modern noun has
incorporated the abstract-noun suffix -aeth.
The suffix -oni is from the British
suffix *onîsâ, as in
..a/ daioni (= good, goodness),
..b/ drygioni (= bad, evil)
..c/ haelioni (= generosity).
The noun barddoni became a verb (=
to compose poems; barddonaf = I
compose poems, etc).
The derivative adjective is barddonol
(= poetic)
:_______________________________.
chwedlonol
‹khwed- lo -nol › adjective
1 mythical
ETYMOLOGY: (chwedlon = myth) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Chwefrol ‹KHWEV rol› (masculine noun)
1 regional form
of Chwefror
:_______________________________.
Chwefror
‹khwev-ror› masculine
noun
1 February
ym mis Chwefror in February
bob mis Chwefror every February
ETYMOLOGY:
Corresponding form in the other British languages: Cornish Hwevrer (= February), Breton C’hwevrer (= February).
Welsh Chwefror < Chwefrawr < British *swebr’âr < Latin februârius.
The initial ‘s’ is difficult to explain unless it is a vestige of the word mensis in Latin mensis februârius (= February, the month of expiation). Ultimately
from februa (= feast of expiation).
Similar examples with preclitic “s” from the final syllable of a preceding
word, in modern Welsh and in English:
(1) Many exist in modern Welsh (for example, the place name Ynysmeudwy
> Smitw, etc). More information
at the entry “s”
(2) The phenomenon also occurs in English, as with the asseveration Struth! (God’s truth), and others of
this type now obsolete (Sdeath! =
God’s death, Sblood! = God’s blood);
’s afternoon in rapid or careless speech for this afternoon
(1) as in Ionor < Ionawr, and many other words in modern
Welsh, a final diphthong aw has been
reduced to a simple vowel o
(2) Interestingly, English February
has been remodelled on the Latin form, replacing Middle English Feverer < Old French < Latin februârius
NOTE: (1) Colloquially there is also a form with dissimulation – the sequence
r-r becomes r-l (Chwefror > Chwefrol). In this case it is not
standard. It also occurs dialectically in
(a) chwarthol < chwarthor (= joint of meat),
but it is standard in
(b) cornel (from English corner), and it also is to be seen in
the place name
(c) Hirael (from Hirerw)
(2) February is also called y mis
bach (the little month, the short month)
..01 Chwefror (y cyntaf o Chwefror) : the first of February
Gŵyl Sanffráid / Gŵyl Sánffred
(feast of Saint Brigit)
..02 Chwefror (yr ail o Chwefror) : the second of February
Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau = Candlemas (presentation of Jesus in the Temple, purification of the
Virgin Mary) (‘Gŵyl Fair of the candles’ - candles were blessed on this day)
(Gŵyl Fair = feast of Mary)
Awr fawr Calan,
dwy Ŵyl Eilian, tair Ŵyl Fair (traditional saying)
‘big hour (on) the calend (“awr fawr y Calan”), two on Eilian’s feastday,
and three on Mary’s feastday’
that is, the day will have lengthened
(1) a full hour by New Year’s Day (Y
Calan) on January the first, (half an hour in the morning and half an hour
in the evening),
(2) two hours on Eilian’s feastday (Gŵyl
Eilian) on January the thirteenth, and
(3) three hours by Lady Day (Gŵyl
Fair) on February the second
..03 Chwefror (y trydydd o
Chwefror) : the third of February
..04 Chwefror (y pedwerydd o
Chwefror) : the fourth of February
..05 Chwefror (y pumed o Chwefror) : the fifth of February
..06 Chwefror (y chweched o Chwefror) : the sixth of February
..07 Chwefror (y seithfed o Chwefror) : the seventh of February
..08 Chwefror (yr wythfed o
Chwefror) : the eighth of February
..09 Chwefror (y nawfed o Chwefror) : the ninth of February
Gŵyl Deilo (feast of Teilo) (Welsh saint)
..10 Chwefror (y degfed o Chwefror) : the tenth of February
..11 Chwefror (yr unfed ar ddeg o Chwefror) : the eleventh of February
..12 Chwefror (y deuddeg o Chwefror) : the twelfth of February
..13 Chwefror (y trydydd ar
ddeg o Chwefror) : the thirteenth of February
..14 Chwefror (y pedwerydd ar
ddeg o Chwefror) : the fourteenth of February
Gŵyl Fálentin (Valentine’s Day)
..15 Chwefror (y pymthegfed o Chwefror) : the fifteenth of February
..16 Chwefror (yr unfed ar bymtheg o Chwefror) : the sixteenth of February
..17 Chwefror (yr ail ar bymtheg o Chwefror) : the seventeenth of February
..18 Chwefror (y deunawfed o Chwefror) : the eighteenth of February
..19 Chwefror (y pedwerydd ar bymtheg
o Chwefror) : the nineteenth of February
..20 Chwefror (yr ugeinfed o Chwefror) : the twentieth of February
..21 Chwefror (yr unfed ar hugain o Chwefror) : the twenty-first of February
..22 Chwefror (yr ail ar hugain o Chwefror) : the twenty-second of February
..23 Chwefror (y trydydd ar
hugain o Chwefror) : the twenty-third of February
..24 Chwefror (y pedwerydd ar
hugain o Chwefror) : the twenty-fourth of February
Gŵyl Fathias (feast of Mathias)
..25 Chwefror (y pumed ar hugain o Chwefror) : the twenty-fifth of February
..26 Chwefror (y chweched ar hugain o Chwefror) : the twenty-sixth of February
..27 Chwefror (y seithfed ar hugain o Chwefror) : the twenty-seventh of February
..28 Chwefror (yr wythfed ar
hugain o Chwefror) : the twenty-eighth of February
..29 Chwefror (y nawfed ar hugain o Chwefror) : the twenty-ninth of February
:_______________________________.
chwennych ‹ khwe -nikh› verb
1
covet, envy
2
yearn for, desire greatly
y sawl sydd yn
chwennych statws yn y gymdeithas
the person who yearns for status in society
Nid dyma’r fodolaeth yr oedd ef yn
chwennych i'r Gymraeg
This was not the kind of existence that he wanted for the Welsh language
Dyma’r geiriadur y chwenychodd llawer
weled ei ddydd
This is the dictionary that many people wanted to see published (“(that it)
sees its day”)
3
crave for (as a pregnant woman)
ETYMOLOGY: (chwant = desire) +
(suffix -ych)
NOTE: Also: chwenychu ‹khe-no-khi› with an
additional verbal suffix -u
:_______________________________.
chwenychion
‹ khwe- nəkh -yon›
1
things desired
ETYMOLOGY: (chwennych = to desire, desiring) + (-ion
suffix for forming plurals)
:_______________________________.
chwerthin ‹KHWER-thin› verb
1 to laugh
Bu
bron iddo dorri allan i chwerthin He almost burst out laughing
2 mynd i
sterics o chwerthin am rywbeth become hysterical from laughing about
something
3 cilchwerthin
snigger (cil = corner, recess) + (chwerthin = to laugh)
cilchwerthin ar rywun to snigger at
someone
4 bod
bron marw o chwerthin die of laughter (“be nearly dead from laughing”)
Bûm bron marw o chwerthin I nearly died laughing
:_______________________________.
chwepyn ‹ khwe -pin› masculine noun
(South Wales)
1
clout, smack
2
instant
yn chwepyn at once, instantly
ETYMOLOGY: (chwap = bang, slap,
blow) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns) (vowel change a > e under the
influence of the y in the final syllable
:_______________________________.
chwerw ei
flas ‹KHWE
ru i VLAAS›
(adjective)
1 having a bitter
taste, bitter in taste, bitter-tasting
:_______________________________.
chwi ‹ KHWII› pronoun
1
you (formal, singular); you (plural)
In modern spoken Welsh chwi > chi
:_______________________________.
chwiban
1 ‹KHWII-ban› v
1
whistle = whistling sound
2 trill of a bird, trilling of a bird
3 hiss, hissing sound
ETYMOLOGY: from the
verb chwiban / chwibanu
:_______________________________.
chwiban
2 ‹KHWII-ban› v
1
to whistle
See chwibanu
:_______________________________.
chwibanog
1 ‹khwi-BAA-nog› adjective
1
whistling
ETYMOLOGY: (chwiban = whistle) + (-og adjectival
suffix)
:_______________________________.
chwibanog 2
‹khwi-BAA-nog› adjective
1
colloquial form of chwibanogl (= whistle; curlew)
NOTE: omission of the
final l; the form withount an ‘l’ is in fact is the historical form of the word
:_______________________________.
chwibanogl ‹khwi-BAA-nogl›
PLURAL: chwibanoglau, chwybenigl
‹khwi-ba-NO-glai, -gle, khwi-BEE-nigl›
1 curlew (Numenius arquata)
(delw 7093)
Cerrig Chwibanog stones on upland west of Llanuwchllyn
cerrig y chwibanog
“(the) stones (of) the curlew”
ETYMOLOGY: (chwibanog adjective
= whistling) + (-l)
This extraneous l is
seen in other words in Welsh:
tymestl (= tempest, storm) < tymest
cwrwgl (= coracle) < cwrwg
NOTE: northern Ceredigion
hwibanog
NOTE: In South Wales
it is chwibanwr (“whistler”) / hwibanwr / wibanwr
:_______________________________.
chwibanu
‹khwi-BAA-ni› v
In South Wales it is chwiban / hwiban /
wiban
1 to whistle
2 (wind) to whistle
3 (bullet passing
through the air) to whistle
4 (curlew) scream,
screech
5 to whistle =
produce a mechanical whistling sound (train with steam whistle, etc)
6 (snake) hiss
7 (shepherd) To
whistle = call by whistling, direct by whistling
y bugail yn
chwibanu ar ei gi the shepherd
whistling to his dog
8 said of doing
something effortlessly
fel chwiban (“like
whistling”)
dan chwiban (“whistling”)
trwy chwiban (“through
whistling”)
8 Cer i wiban! (south east) Go to the devil! Get lost! Take a running
jump into a river! (“”go to whistle”)
Cer i hwiban ysgadan! (south-west, formerly) Go to the devil! etc
(“go to whistle / cry herrings”)
9 hiss = show
contempt through hissing
Jeremeia 19:8
A mi a wnaf y ddinas hon yn anghyfannedd, ac yn ffiaidd, pob un a elo heibio iddi a synna ac a chwibana, oherwydd ei holl ddialeddau hi.
And I will make this
city desolate, and an hissing; every one that passeth thereby shall be
astonished and hiss because of all the plagues thereof.
ETYMOLOGY: (chwiban
= whistle) + (-u verb suffix)
chwiban
is an imitation
of a wistling / trilling / hissing sound
NOTE: In South Wales it is chwiban / hwiban / wiban
chwiban represents the standard written form of this
south Wales variant
hwiban is the south-western form (chw
> hw)
wiban is the south-eastern form (chw
> hw > w) In the south-east, the ‘h’ is
missing from the repertoire of sounds of the dialect here
:_______________________________.
chwibanwr ‹khwi-BAA-nur›
PLURAL: chwibanwyr ‹khwi-BAN-wir›
1 whistler, person
who whistles
2 whistler, thing
which whistles
3
(South Wales) curlew
ETYMOLOGY: (chwiban- root of the
verb chwibanu or chwibanu = to whistle)
NOTE: In South Wales
it is chwibanwr (“whistler”) / hwibanwr / wibanwr
chwibanwr represents the standard written form of this
south Wales variant
hwibanwr is the south-western form (chw
> hw)
wibanwr is the south-eastern form (chw
> hw > w) In the south-east, the ‘h’ is
missing from the repertoire of sounds of the dialect here
:_______________________________.
chwilboeth
‹ khwil -boith› adjective
1
(drink, food) boiling hot, piping hot, burning hot
Roedd y te’n chwilboeth
The tea was boiling
hot
ETYMOLOGY: (chwil = reeling,
turning, wild; used as an intensifier before an adjective – extremely, very) +
soft mutation + ( poeth = hot)
:_______________________________.
chwildaith
‹khwil -daith› feminine
noun
PLURAL chwildeithiau
‹khwil-deith-ye›
1 reconnaissance trip, a trip
to gather information about an enemy
Nodau o Chwildaith Filwraidd, o Gaer
Lavenworth, yn Missouri, i San Diego, yn Califfornia
(Traethodydd 1851; translation of the book title “Note of a Military
Reconnoisance, from Fort Lavenworth, in Missouri, to San Diego, in California”)
ETYMOLOGY: (chwil-, stem of chwilio = to search for) + soft
mutation + (taith = trip, journey)
:_______________________________.
chwilen
‹khwî -len› feminine
noun
PLURAL chwilennod,
chwilod, chwilsod ‹khwi-le-nod, khwî-lod, khwil-sod›
1 beetle; chafer
2
whim, obsession, crazy idea
Mae chwilen yn ei ben
He has a bee in his bonnet ("he has a beetle / crazy idea in his
head")
Mae chwilen yn ei gorun
He has a bee in his bonnet ("he has a beetle / crazy idea in his crown
(i.e. crown of the head)")
ETYMOLOGY: (chwil = beetles) + (-en singulative suffix);
Welsh chwil < British < Celtic
*swei (= to turn)
In the other two
British languages: Cornish hwilenn
(= beetle), Breton c’hwil (= beetle)
:_______________________________.
chwilen gorniog ‹
khwii-len gorn -yog› feminine
noun
PLURAL chwilod
corniog ‹ khwii-lod korn -yog›
1
stagbeetle (USA: hornbug) (Lucanus
cervus)
(delw 7094)
ETYMOLOGY: (“horned beetle”) (chwilen
= beetle) + soft mutation + (corniog
= horned)
:_______________________________.
chwilfriw
‹khwil -vriu› adjective
1 smashed to pieces, broken to bits, shattered
malu’n chwilfriw shatter, smash to
pieces
malu’n chwilfriw mân shatter, smash into little pieces
Un gnoc fach ddamweiniol a dyna’r plât gwerth dros £7, 000 yn chwilfriw
One slight accidental knock and the the plate worth over £7, 000 was smashed to
smithereens
2 bwrw (rhywbeth)
yn chwilfriw mân
smash (something) to pieces
Fe fwriodd y watsh yn chwilfriw mân ar
lawr cadarn y palmant
He (threw and) smashed the watch to bits on the hard surface of the pavement
3 (idea, theory) darnio’n chwilfriw shatter
ETYMOLOGY: (chwil = twirling,
whirling) + soft mutation + (briw =
shattered)
:_______________________________.
chwilfriwio
‹hwil-vriu-yo›
verb with an object
1 shatter, smash
2 dispel (an idea)
Rhaid chwilfriwio’r syniad mai hen iaith
gapelig yw’r Gymraeg
We have to dispel the idea that Welsh is some language fit only for chapels
3 verb without an object shatter,
smash = be shattered, be smashed
ETYMOLOGY: (chwilfriw = shattered) +
(-io, suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
Chwilgrug
‹khwil -grig›
1 (ST4088) locality 2km north-west of Magwyr, in the county of Casnewydd
English name: Wilcrick
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST4088
map
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
chwilod
‹khwî-lod› -
1 beetles; plural form of chwilen
:_______________________________.
chwilolau ‹khwiil-ô-le› masculine noun
PLURAL chwiloleuadau
‹khwil-o-lei-â-de›
1 searchlight
Also golau chwilio
ETYMOLOGY: (chwil = stem of chwilio = to search) + soft mutation +
( golau = light)
:_______________________________.
chwilota
‹khwi-lo-ta› verb
1 obsolete search for
beetles (a hen or another bird). For another instance of a word referring to
hens or other birds see the entry cachiad
= ‘shitting; the time it takes for a bird to shit; an instant’
2 search, rummage, ferret
around
Yr oedd ef yn chwilota’n swnllyd am y siswrn yn y ddrôr
He was rummaging noisily in the drawer for the scissors
ETYMOLOGY: chwilota < chwilod-ha (chwilod = beetles) + (-ha
suffix for forming verbs with the sense of ‘to collect’, ‘to search for’)
Breton: c’hwileta = look for insects
:_______________________________.
chwilotydd ‹khwi-lo-tidh› masculine noun
1 (Computers) search engine
ETYMOLOGY: (chwilota = to search) +
(-ydd suffix to form nouns)
:_______________________________.
chwilio (am) ‹KHWIL yo› (verb)
1 look for
:_______________________________.
chwiorydd ‹khwi O ridh› (plural noun)
1 sisters (plural
of chwaer)
:_______________________________.
chwip ‹khwip ›
1
Stem of the verb chwipio = to whip. Verb stems are used as past
participles in Welsh.
hufen chwip whipped cream
:_______________________________.
chwitchwatrwydd ‹khwit-khwat-ruidh› masculine
noun
1 inconstancy, changeability, indecision, chopping and changing,
fickleness
ETYMOLOGY: (chwitchwat = fickle,
changeable, unreliable) + (-rwydd suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
Chwitffordd ‹kwwit-fordh›
1 (SJ1478) locality in the county of Y Fflint
English name: Whitford
2 a
parish at this place
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1478
map, Chwitffordd
ETYMOLOGY: English Whitford (year 1291 written Chwytford in Welsh)
Llafar Gwlad, Haf 1985, Rhif 9
:_______________________________.
chwith ‹KHWIITH› (adjective)
1 left, left-hand
(= situated on the left)
pedal chwith soft pedal piano (“left pedal”)
2 left-handed
3
wrong
y tu chwith i on the wrong side of
Mae hen ddihareb i’r perwyl fod pob
ceiliog yn gawr ar ei esgynlawr ei hun, a buaswn innau yn medru eich annerch
chwi yn hyfach yr ochr arall i afon Teifi, ar dir a daear Ceredigion, yng
ngwlad fy ngenedigaeth. Ond rhaid gwneyd y goreu o sir Gaerfyrddin, gan fod yr
Eisteddfod wedi ymbabellu yma ryw ychydig lathenni y tu chwith i’r terfyn. (Enwau Lleoedd / John Rhys / Cymru Cyfrol
XI. RHIF 63. Hydref 15fed, 1896.)
There’s an old saying to the effect that every rooster is a giant on its own
perch, and I would be able to address you in a bolder manner on the other side
of the river Teifi, in Ceredigion (“on the ground and land of Ceredigion”), in
the land of my birth.But I’ll have to make the best I can of the county of
Caerfyrddin, since the Esiteddfos has pitched camp a few yards on the wrong
side of the boundary
dyna'r unig beth
all fynd yn chwith that’s the
only thing that could / might go (“can go”) wrong
4 awkward, clumsy
Usually as lletchwith ‹LHET-khwith› [ˡɬɛtxwɪθ], South Wales lletwith
‹LHET-with› [ˡɬɛtwɪθ] .
Lletchwith < lléd-chwith
(lled = half, quite, somewhat) + (chwith = left-handed;
awkward, clumsy)
5 sad, feeling a sense of loss for, at a loss
bod yn chwith gan (rywun) ar ôl (rhywun) to miss somebody,
to feel sad after the death of somebody
Ni fydd yn chwith gennyf gefnu ar y brifysgol I won’t be
sad to leave the university, to take my leave of the university, to leave the
university behind me
bod yn chwith gan (rywun) am to feel sorry about
Roedd yn
chwith gennym glywed fod Mari yn ein gadael ac yr ydym yn hynod ddiolchgar iddi
am
ei holl waith.
We were sad to hear
that Mari is leaving us and we are very grateful to her for all her work
mae ama i ofn y
teimlwn i yn chwith hebddyn nhw
I’m afraid I’ll feel at a loss without them, I’ll feel their absence
6 unfortunate
bod yn chwith iawn ar to be in unfortunate
circumstances
:_______________________________.
chwith ‹KHWIITH› (f)
1 (feminine noun) left, left side, left-hand side
ar yr chwith on the left, on the
left-hand side
ar yr chwith (i rywbeth) on the left of something
2 the Left in politics
ar y Chwith on the Left
y Chwith galed the hard Left (those Left-wing politicians or
militants who are very dogmatic about and inflexible in their beliefs)
3 feeling of being
troubled
cael chwith (South-west) take something to heart
4 resentmernt,
offence
cymeryd yn chwith be offended, take (something) amiss
:_______________________________.
chwiw,
chwiwiau ‹KHWIU, KHWIU ye› (feminine noun)
1 (North Wales) whim, desire, fancy
fel y daw’r chwiw as the fancy takes me / her / him, etc (“as the whim
comes”)
:_______________________________.
chwydfa ‹khwəd -va› feminine noun
1 vomit = matter from the stomach expelled through the mouth and
nose
Megys y dychwel y ci at ei chwydfa like the dog
that returns to its own vomit, in the same way that a dog returns to its vomit
(said of someone who is attracted back to what is unpleasant or harmful, such
as an addiction or bad company)
Pedr-2
2:22 Eithr digwyddodd iddynt yn ôl y wir ddihareb, Y ci a ymchwelodd at ei
chwydfa ei hun; a’r hwch wedi ei golchi, i’w hymdreiglfa yn y dom
Peter-2 2:22 But it is happened unto them according to the true proverb, The
dog is turned to his own vomit again; and the sow that was washed to her
wallowing in the mire
2 large amount Ma hwda (= chwydfa) o arian ganddo
He’s got loads of money
3 mess, jumble
Yr oedd chwydfa o gabanau wrth ffens y gwersyll milwrol There was a jumble of huts by the fence of
the military camp
NOTE:
(1) In the south hwdfa < hwydfa
< chwydfa; in southern Welsh , initial “chw-“ becomes hw-; and
tonic wy- ‹wə› in some words > vowel w ‹u›
(2) In the language of the south-east initial ‹h› is generally absent,
hence hwdfa > wdfa
(3) In the south, there is also hwda ‹hu-da› with the loss of the
‹v›
ETYMOLOGY: (chwyd- stem of chwydu = to vomit) + (-fa
noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)
:_______________________________.
chwydu ‹KHUƏ di› (verb)
1 to vomit, to
spew, to puke up
:_______________________________.
chwyn ‹ khwin ›
1
weeds
See chwynnyn (= weed)
:_______________________________.
chwynnyn ‹ khwə -nin› masculine noun
PLURAL chwyn ‹ khwin ›
1
weed
Dyw'r
rhododendron yn ddim gwell na chwynnyn
A rhododendron is nothing more than a weed (“the rhododendron is not anything
better than a weed”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh chwyn < British *skwinn-
The original sense was “furze”
From the same Indoeuropean root: English whin
(= furze)
chwynnyn is (chwynn-
‹ə›, penult form of chwyn ‹i› =
weeds) + (-yn suffix added to nouns to make a singular form out of a collective noun
or plural noun)
:_______________________________.
chwyrn gau ‹KHWƏRN GAI› (verb)
1 to creak shut
clywais y drws yn chwyr gau I heard
the door creaking shut
:_______________________________.
chwyrnu ‹KHWƏR ni› (verb)
1 snort
2 snore
chwyrnu fel mochyn snore like a pig
:_______________________________.
chwys ‹KHWIIS› (masculine noun)
1 sweat
2 sychu’r chwys wipe away the sweat
3 yn chwys domen dripping in sweat
mynd yn chwys domen break out into a
sweat
bod yn chwys domen be sweating
pints
bod yn wlychfa o chwys be soaked in sweat, be drowning in sweat (“be a saturation of sweat”)
4 llain chwys sweatband
:_______________________________.
chwysigen,
chwysigennod ‹khwə SI gen, khwə si GE nod› (feminine noun)
1 bubble
codi’n chwysigennod come out
in blisters (“to rise in blisters”)
:_______________________________.
chwyslyd ‹KHWƏ slid› (adjective)
1 sweaty
:_______________________________.
chwythbib
‹ khwəth -bib› feminine
noun
PLURAL chwythbibau
‹khwəth- bî -be›
1
blowpipe = tube through which a dart is shot by blowing
2
blowpipe = pipe which directs air into a flame
ETYMOLOGY: (chwyth- ‹ə›, stem of chwythu = to blow)
+ soft mutation + (pib = pipe)
:_______________________________.
chwythbren ‹ hwəth -bren› masculine noun
PLURAL chwythbrenni
‹ hwəth-bre-ne ›
1
woodwind instrument
ETYMOLOGY: chwyth- stem of chwythu = to blow) + soft mutation + ( pren = wood)
:_______________________________.
chwythu
‹KHWƏ
thi› (v)
1 to blow
2
gweld pa ffordd y mae’r gwynt yn chwythu
see how things are / see how things stand, see how the land lies
:_______________________________.
chwythydd eira,
chwythyddion eira ‹KHWƏ thidh EI ra, khwə THƏDH yon EI ra› (masculine noun)
1 snow-blower
:_______________________________.
chymer ‹khə-mer› verb
1 chymer < ni chymer (he / she / it) doesn’t
take, won’t take
Chymer hi ddim “na” yn ateb She won’t take “no” for an answer
Chymer hi ei thwyllo
gan neb No-one can pull the wool over HER eyes, She won’t be tricked by anyone
(“she won’t take her cheating with anybody”)
:_______________________________.
chymerwn i ddim
‹khə -mê-run i dhim› verb
1
I wouldn’t take
Chymerwn i mohono am bris yn y byd
I wouldn’t take it even if you paid me to, I wouldn’t take it even if you gave
it to me
(“I would take anything of it for a price in the world”)
ETYMOLOGY: ni
chymerwn i (ni negative
particle, dropped in col·loquial Welsh) + aspirate mutation + (cymerwn I would take, < cymryd = to take) + (i = I, me)
|
|
|
Ble'r
wyf i? Yr
ych chi'n ymwéld ag un o dudalennau'r Gwefan "CYMRU-CATALONIA"
On sóc? Esteu visitant una pàgina de la Web "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (=
Gal·les-Catalunya)
Weər äm ai? Yuu äär vízïting ə peij fröm dhə
"CYMRU-CATALONIA" (= Weilz-Katəlóuniə) Wéb-sait
Where am I? You are visiting a page from the
"CYMRU-CATALONIA" (= Wales-Catalonia) Website
Edrychwch ar fy ystadegau / View My
Stats
Adolygiadau diweddaraf / darreres actualitzacions /
latest updates…… 2006-01-12, 2008-09-26, 2009-02-05