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gw-
In words derived from Common Celtic, initial gw in the British languages (Welsh, Cornish, Breton) corresponds to an initial f in the Hibernian languages (Irish, Scottish, Manx)

 

 

Welsh

Irish

 

greddf (= instinct) (older Welsh gwreddf)

fréamh (= root)

 

gwair (= grass)

feár (= grass)

 

gwared (= riddance)

fóir (= help)

 

gwas  ‹ › (= residence, mansion)

fos (= stopping, staying)

 

gwasgod (= shelter, shade)

foscadh (= shelter)

 

gwasgu (= squeeze, press, crush)

fáisc (= squeeze, press)

 

gwastad (= flat, even)

fosaidh (= steady, firm)

 

gwaun (= marshy land)

fána (= downward slope, hollow)

 

gwawd (=  ‹ › praise, eulogy, song of praise;  ‹ › scorn, derision)

fáth (= cause, reason)

 

gwawl > Y Wawl in Scotland, southern Roman Wall between Gweryd (Forth) and Clud (Clyde)

fál (= hedge, fence)

 

gwawr (= dawn)

fáir (= sunrise, dawn) (literary word)

 

gwayw (= ache, pain)

fogha (= dart, javelin)

 

gwchi (= wasp)

foiche (= wasp)

 

gwe (= spider’s web)

(= texture)

 

gwedd (= yoke)

feadhain [f’a:n’] (= company, group of people) (apparently the original sense was yoke)

 

gweili (= empty) (older Welsh gweilydd)

 

 

gwg (= frown; disapproval)

fíoch (= anger, fury)

 

gwern (= alder trees)

fearn (alder tree; mast of a ship)

 

gwerthyd (= spindle)    

fearsaid (= spindle, axle)

 

gwledd (= banquet, feast)

fleá < fleadh (= banquet, feast)

 

gŵr (= man)

fear (= man)

 

gwrug (= heather) (now grug in standard Welsh,  but still gwrug in South Wales colloquial Welsh)

fraoch (= heather)

 

gŵydd (= wild)

fia (= deer, originally ‘wild animal’; wilderness)

 

gwŷdd (= trees)

fiodh (= wood - in the sense of ‘material’)

 

gŵydd (element in the word gwybod = to know < *gwyddfod)

fios (= knowledge)

 

gwyn (= white)

fionn (= white)



 

 
gw-
Forms with initial w- were historically always soft-mutated forms of gw- (gwasg = press, y wasg = the press).

As a result some loans from English with initial w- developed an initial g in Welsh as the radical form

gwal = wall (though wal is the usual radical form in modern Welsh)

gwasgod = waistcoat

gwast = waist

gwidw = widow

Gwersyllt
(SJ3152) locality in the county of Wrecsam. From the English name Wershull (1315) apparently ‘gallows hill’ (Llafar Gwlad, Haf 1985, Rhif 9)

Gwesbyr (SJ1183) locality in the county of Y Fflint. Recorded in the year 1086 as Westberie (an English name = western farmstead; corresponds to modern English west, and bury = in place names: fort)

Gwilym = William

The initial g- before a w developed in early Welsh. In British this initial g- did not exist..
EXAMPLES:

We can also compare words of British origin which are similar to words in other languages to see this inital g- in Welsh

1) gwo- (= under, sub-, hypo-) (an obsolete prefix, now generally go) < British wo
Equivalent to English hypo- < Greek hupo (this ‘p’ was lost in Celtic equivalents)

2) gwerth (= value) cf. English worth (Note: despite the similarity in form, gwerth is not a borrowing from English worth)

3) gwydd (element = ‘knowing’, found in gwybod = to know) related to English wit (= intelligence)

Compare also Latin words which were borrowed into British (v was pronounced as u / w)
4) Latin venênum (= poison) > Welsh gwenwyn (= poison)
5) Latin viridem (= green) > vir’d- > Welsh gwyrdd (= green)

:_______________________________.

gw-
1 In South-east Wales a couple of words which in the standard language begin with chw- occur with gw-.

In the case of the word chwarae this is similar to the Cornish word, though not the Breton form; and in the case of chwerw, this gw- is not found in Cornish.



(delw 7476)

(
1) gwara = standard Welsh chwarae (= to play; a game) ;
Cornish gwari (= game; theatrical play), Breton c’hoari (= to play)



(delw 7477)


(2) gwerw = standard Welsh chwerw (= sharp, bitter) ;
Cornish hwerow (= bitter), Breton c’hwerv (= bitter)

:_______________________________.

gwaad
<GWAAD> [gwɑːd]
1 southern form of gwaed (= blood)
Usually spelt gwâd / gwa’d

See aa

:_______________________________.

gwääd <GWÄÄD> [gwääd]
1 south-eastern form of gwaed (= blood)
Usually spelt gwêd / gwæd

See aa / gwaad

:_______________________________.

gwaath <GWAATH> [gwɑːθ]
1 southern form of gwaeth (= worse)
Usually spelt gwâth / gwa’th

See aa
:_______________________________.

gwääth <GWÄÄTH> [gwääθ]
1 south-eastern form of gwaeth (= worse)
Usually spelt gwêth / gwæth

See aa / gwaath

:_______________________________.

gwacâd <gwa-KAAD> [gwaˡkɑːd] masculine noun
1
emptying, depletion
2
evacuation = (of an area) removal of people (from danger, etc)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwaca-, stem of gwacáu = to empty) + (-ad suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

gwacáu <gwa-KAI> [gwaˡkaɪ] verb
1
empty
Gwacaodd y botel i lawr y sinc He emptied the bottle down the sink

2
Physics Chemistry, pump out, create a vacuum

3
empty = become empty
Yn sgîl gwacáu’r capeli yng Nghymru...
As a consequence of the emptying (= fall in attendance of religious services) of the chapels in Wales...

ETYMOLOGY: (gwag = empty) + (-hau suffix for forming verbs from adjectives)
gwag-háu > gwacáu (the combination g + h produces c)

NOTE: gwacáu is generally a southern word; in the north gwagio and gwagu are used

 
:_______________________________.

gwachal <GWAA-khel> [ˡgwɑˑxɛl] verb
South-east Wales
1
(infinitive) avoid, beware, shun

2 (imperative) take care not to...!, mind you don’t (fall, etc)!

See: gochel (= beware)

 
(delw 7479)
:_______________________________.

gwachel
<GWAA-khel> [ˡgwɑˑxɛl] verb
South-west Wales
1
(infinitive) avoid, beware, shun

2 (imperative) take care not to...!, mind you don’t (fall, etc)!
See: gochel (= beware)

:_______________________________.

Gwachel Foddi <GWAA-khel VOO-dhi> [ˡgwɑˑxɛl ˡvoˑðɪ] -
1
colloquial name for the inn in central Pontardawe (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan, south-east Wales); (“mind you don’t drown”) (English name: Pontardawe Inn)

:_______________________________.

gwachla <GWAKH-la> [ˡgwaxla] verb
South-west Wales
1
(imperative) take care not to...!, mind you don’t (fall, etc)!
See: gochel (= beware)

:_______________________________.

gwachlwch
<GWAKH-lukh> [ˡgwaxlʊx] verb
South-west Wales
1
(imperative) take care not to...!, mind you don’t (fall, etc)!
See: gochel (= beware)

:_______________________________.

gwachlyd
<GWAKH-lid> [ˡgwaxlɪd] verb
South-west Wales
1
(infinitive) avoid, beware, shun
See: gochel (= beware)

:_______________________________.

gwachul
<GWAA-khil> [ˡgwɑˑxɪl] adjective
1 thin, gaunt, lean

2 weak, sickly

3 feeble, poor, substandard
Cwynent am iaith wachul y radio, llawn o ymadroddion Saesneg
They complained of the poor language of the radio, full of English expressions

4 o’r gwych i’r gwachul from the sublime to the ridiculous

5 mynd trwy’r gwych a’r gwachul take the bitter with the sweet, have ups and downs (“go through the splendid (period) and the lean (period)”)

ETYMOLOGY: gwachul < goachul (go intensifying suffix)+ (achul = thin)

:_______________________________.
 
gwacsiol <GWAK-shol> [ˡgwakʃɔl] adjective
1
empty-headed

ETYMOLOGY: gwacsiol > gwagsiol (gwag = empty) + (siol = head)

:_______________________________.

gwa’d <GWAAD> [gwɑːd]
1 southern form of gwaed (= blood)
Usually spelt (less correctly) gwâd

See aa / gwaad

:_______________________________.

gwadd, gwaddod
<GWAADH, GWAA-dhod> [ˡgwɑːð, gwɑˑðɔd] (feminine noun)
1
mole
y wadd the mole
cysgu fel gwadd sleep like a log, sleep like a baby (“sleep like a mole”)
mynd i wlad y gwaddod die, kick the bucket (“go to the land of the moles”)
bod mor ddall â’r wadd be as blind as a bat (“be as blind as the mole”)

:_______________________________.

gwaddod
<GWAA-dhod> [ˡgwɑˑðɔd] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaddodion
<gwa-DHOD-yon> [gwaˡðodjɔn]
1 sediment, dregs

2 llifwaddod alluvium, alluvial deposit (llif = flow) + soft mutation + (gwaddod = sediment)

3 adjective, sedimentary
creigiau gwaddod sedimentary rocks

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwaddod < gwaddawd < *gwoddawd < British *wo-dât-
From the same British root: Cornish godhes (= sediment)

NOTE: In some places (eg Llanrhaeadr): addod

:_______________________________.

gwaddod
<GWAA-dhod> [ˡgwɑˑðɔd]
1 Plural of gwadd (= mole)

:_______________________________.

gwaddodi
<gwa-DHOO-di> [ˡgwaðoˑdɪ] verb
1
precipate, settle, leave a sediment

ETYMOLOGY: (gwaddod = sediment) + (-i suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

gwaddodlyd
<gwa-DHOD-lid> [gwaˡðodlɪd] adjective
1
full of sediment, dregs; feculent

ETYMOLOGY: (gwaddod = sediment) + (-lyd suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.
gwadn, gwadnau
<GWADN, GWAD-nai, -e> [gwadn, gwadnaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
South Wales: gwaddan , plural gwanddau
<GWAA-dhan> [ˡgwɑˑðan] <GWAN-dhai, -e> [ˡgwanðaɪ, -ɛ]

1 sole

2 inner sole, insole = insert in shoe
mewnwadn = inner sole, insole

ETYMOLOGY:

NOTE: South Wales gwaddne > gwandde (metathesis DD-N > N-DD)

Cf the river name Llynfi, originally Llyfni, and Dynfant < Dyfnant showing metathesis V-N > N-V)

:_______________________________.

gwadu <GWAA-di> [ˡgwɑˑdɪ] (verb)
1 deny

2 gwadu rhywbeth yn grwn ac ar groes completely deny something (“roundly and across”)
gwadu rhywbeth ar ei ben completely deny something

:_______________________________.

gwae
<gwai> [gwaɪ] (masculine noun) (obsolete)

1 woe (obsolete, except in exclamations)

gwae fi!
<gwai-VII> [gwaɪ ˡviː]
 (phrase) woe is me!

:_______________________________.

gwaed
<GWAID> [gwaɪd] (masculine noun)

1 blood
Mae drygioni yng ngwaed y teulu
Delinquency runs in the family (“badness is in the blood of the family”)

2 rhoddwr gwaed blood donor

3 bod am waed (rhywun) be out to get somebody, be after somebody’s blood (USA: be gunning for somebody); be angry with someone and to be looking for the person to inflict a punishment (“to be for / to be wanting the blood of somebody”)

Mae e am dy waed di He’s out for your blood

4 gwaetgar bloodthirsty
gwaetgar < gwáed-gar (gwaed = blood) + (-gar suffix for forming adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru = to love)

:_______________________________.

gwaedd, gwaeddau <GWAIDH, GWEI-dhai, -e> [ˡgwaɪð, ˡgwəɪðaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 shout
y waedd the shout

:_______________________________.

gwaedlif
<GWEID-liv> [ˡgwəɪdlɪv] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaedlifau <gweid-LII-vai, -e> [gwəɪdˡliˑvaɪ, -ɛ]
1 haemorrhage

ETYMOLOGY: “blood-flow” (gwaed = blood ) + soft mutation + ( llif = flow)
:_______________________________.


gwaedlyd
<GWEID-lid> [ˡgwəɪdlɪd] (adj)
1 bloody

Y Nant Waedlyd Name of a brook in Caer-dydd
‘bloody brook / stream’
(
nant = brook, stream) + soft mutation + (gwaedlyd = bloody)

Y Rhyd Waedlyd Name of a former ford in Caer-dydd
‘bloody ford’
(
rhyd = ford) + soft mutation + (gwaedlyd = bloody)

The second element however is unlikely to be
gwaedlyd, and seems to have replaced another word to make the names more picturesque.

John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911):

“The great battle between the Welsh and Norman forces on Cardiff Heath is supposed to have an echo in the names Nant Waedlyd (Bloody Brook) and Rhyd Waedlyd (Bloody Ford) which still remain in that locality. The word Waedlyd is there, however, commonly pronounced "Watla." ”

ETYMOLOGY: (gwaed = blood ) + (-lyd = adjectival suffix)

 :_______________________________.

gwaed yr ael <gwaid ər AIL> [gwaɪd ər ˡaɪl] (adjective)

1 (North) covered in blood

:_______________________________.

gwael <GWAIL> [gwaɪl] (adjective)
1 bad

2 collwr gwael bad loser, person who cannot accept defeat or loss

3 dod allan ohoni’n wael come out of it badly

4 mewn cyflwr gwael in a serious condition, very poorly, in a pretty bad way, in quite a bad state, in bad shape (health) (mewn = in) + (cyflwr = condition, state) + (gwael = bad)

5 gwaelach waelach (“worse-worse”) increasingly ill, worse and worse (in health)

:_______________________________.

*gwael
<GWAIL> [gwaɪl] (m)
1 obsolete word for wolf, corresponding to Irish faol (= wolf).

It occurs in the compound gweilgi (= ocean, originally wolf)

ETYMOLOGY: gwael < British < Celtic *wai-los ‘howler, animal which howls’ < *wai- (= howl)

NOTE: gweilgi is literally “wolf dog” (*gwael = wolf) + soft mutation + (ci = dog); gweilgi
[ˡgwəɪlgɪ] is a respelling of gwaelgi [ˡgwəɪlgɪ]

:_______________________________.

gwaelbeth
<GWEIL-beth> [ˡgwəɪlbɛθ] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaelbethau
<gweil-BEE-thai, -e> [gwəɪlˡbeˑθaɪ, -ɛ]
1 shoddy product, shoddy piece of work, bad thing

ETYMOLOGY: “bad-thing” (gwael = bad) + soft mutation + (peth = thing )

:_______________________________.

gwaeledd
<GWEI-ledh> [ˡgwƏɪlɛð] masculine noun
1
illness

Bu’n rhaid iddo roi gorau i’w gwaith oherwydd gwaeledd
He had to give up his job because of illness

ETYMOLOGY: (gwael = bad; ill) (-edd suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

gwäell / gwaell
<GWAA-elh, GWAILH> [ˡgwɑˑɛɬ, gwaɪɬ]
PLURAL: gwëyll, gweill, gweillion <GWEE-ilh, GWEILH, GWEILH-yon> [gweˑɪɬ, gwəɪɬ, ˡgwəɪɬjɔn] (feminine or masculine noun)

1 knitting needle
y wäell, y gwäell the knitting needle

2
gwäell y ffêr / gweyllen y ffêr Achilles tendon (“needle of the ankle”)

:_______________________________.

gwaelod, gwaelodion
<GWEI-lod, gwei-LOD-yon> [ˡgwəɪlɔd, gwəɪˡlodjɔn] (masculine noun)
1 bottom

2
ar waelod
<ar WEI-lod> [ar ˡwəɪlɔd] (preposition) at the bottom of; at the end of
ar waelod y rhestr at the bottom of the list
ar waelod yr ardd at the bottom of the garden

3
cyrraedd y gwaelod eitha’ un reach rock bottom, hit rock bottom (“reach the extreme bottom”)

4
gwaelodion = sediment (Morwriaeth) gwaelodion llong bilge; bilge water; = filth which collects in the bottom of a boat (“sediment(s) (of) ship”)
dŵr gwaelodion bilge water

:_______________________________.

Gwaelod-y-garth
‹GWEI-lod ə GARTH› [ˡgwəɪlɔd ə ˡgarθ]
1 village in Caer-dydd / Cardiff county (since 1996)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/87713 (“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

2 farm in Merthyrtudful

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) bottom (of) Y Garth” (Y Garth is the name of a hill; garth = hill) (gwaelod = bottom) + (y definite article) + (Garth = hill name)

:_______________________________.


gwaered
‹GWEI-red› [ˡgwəɪrɛd]
PLURAL: gwaeredydd <gwe-REE-didh > [gwəɪˡreˑdɪð] (masculine noun)
1 slope

Variants are gwared, (south-east) gwered

2 (Ceredigion) gwared steep slope

3 i wared downwards, downhill

NOTE: gwaered > gwared through the simplification of the diphthong ae
‹EI› [əɪ] > a ‹A› [a]

:_______________________________.

gwaetgar
<GWEIT-gar> [ˡgwəɪtgar] adjective
1 bloodthirsty

ETYMOLOGY: gwaetgar < gwáed-gar (gwaed = blood) + (-gar suffix for forming adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru = to love)

:_______________________________.

gwaetgi
<GWEIT-gi> [ˡgwəɪtgɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaetgwn
<GWEIT-gun> [ˡgwəɪtgʊn]
1 bloodhound = large dog with an acute sense of smell used in tracking

Gwaetgwn Gwent (former) nickname for the inhabitants of Gwent (“(the) bloodhounds (of) Gwent”)

ETYMOLOGY: “blood-dog” gwaetgi < gwaed-gi (gwaed = blood) + soft mutation + (ci = dog)
gwaetgi < gwaed-gi (gwaed = blood) + soft mutation + (ci = dog, hound)

:_______________________________.

gwaeth
<GWAITH> [gwaɪθ] (adjective)
1 worse

2
mewn gwaeth cyflwr in a worse state

Yr oedd y tŷ newydd ar y pryd mewn llawer gwaeth cyflwr na’r hen dy
At the time the new house was in a far worse state then the old house

3 ni waeth... it does not matter...

ni waeth pa mor... no matter how... > waeth pa mor...

Waeth pa mor gyflym y rhedwch, ‘ddaliwch chi mohono No matter how fast you run, you won’t catch him

y diwrnod hwnnw aethom i _____, wel, ni waeth i ba le, i holi hanes y Cymry yno
That day we went to _______, well, it does not matter to where, to ask about the Welsh people there

4 Po hynaf y dyn, gwaeth ei bwyll The older a man is, the less sense he has; No fool like an old fool (“the older the man, worse his reason” )

5 newid er gwaeth a change for the worse
newid er gwaeth to change for the worse

6 gwaethwaeth worse and worse
mynd yn waethwaeth get worse and worse (gwaeth = worse) + soft mutation + (gwaeth = worse )

:_______________________________.

gwaethaf (gwaetha)
[ˡgwəɪθav, ˡgwəɪθa] (adjective)
1 worst (superlative of drwg = bad)

2
ar waethaf = in spite of
ar eich gwaethaf in spite of yourself
bod wedi eich denu at rywbeth ar eich gwaetha be irresistibly attracted to something (“be after your attracting towards something on your worst”)

3
cael y gwaethaf ohoni come out of it badly

4
o’r math gwaethaf of the worst sort

cnaf o’r math gwaethaf the worst of rogues, a rogue of the first order

5 po hynaf y dyn, gwaethaf ei bwyll > po hyna’r dyn, gwaetha’i bwyll the older a man is, the less sense he has, no fool like an old fool (“the older the man, worse his reason” )

 :_______________________________.

gwaetha’r modd
<gwei-thar MOODH> [ˡgwəɪθar moːð]
 (adverb)
1 unfortunately

ETYMOLOGY: gwaetha’r modd < gwaethaf y modd “(it-is) worst the manner” (gwaethaf = worst, superlative form of drwg = bad) + (y definite article) + (modd = manner, way, means)

_________________________.

gwaeth eich cyfarth na’ch brath
<GWAITH əkh -varth nakh BRAATH> [ˡgwaɪθ əx ˡkƏvarθ nɑx ˡbrɑːθ]

1 your bark is worse than your bite; a person’s angry words are worse than any action he may do, a person can be very angry but he won’t really carry out any threats he makes (she) gwaeth ei chyfarth na’i brath (he) gwaeth ei gyfarth na’i frath

ETYMOLOGY: (gwaeth = worse) + (eich = your) + (cyfarth = bark) + (na = than) + (eich) + (brath = bark)

:_______________________________.

gwaeth-waeth
<gwaith-WAITH> [gwaɪθˡwaɪθ] adjective
1 worse and worse
mynd yn waeth-waeth get worse and worse

ETYMOLOGY: (gwaeth = worse) + soft mutation + (gwaeth = worse )

:_______________________________.

gwaethygu
<gwei-THƏ-gi> [gwəɪˡθəgɪ] (verb)
1 get worse, deteriorate

:_______________________________.

gwag, gweigion
<GWAAG, GWEIG-yon> [gwɑːg, ˡgwəɪgjɔn]
 (adjective)
1 empty
2
(chair, seat) free, vacant, empty, unoccupied

Odi’r sedd ’ma’n wag? Is this seat free? Is this seat going free?Is anybody sitting in this seat?


:_______________________________.

gwagbacio
<gwag-BAK-yo> [gwagˡbakjɔ] verb
1
to vacuum-pack, to vacuumize
wedi ei gwagbacio vacuum-packed (with a feminine noun)

wedi ei wagbacio vacuum-packed (with a masculine noun)
reis wedi ei wagbacio
vacuum-packed rice

wedi eu gwagbacio vacuum-packed (with a plural noun)
penwaig mwg wedi ei gwagbacio vacuum-packed smoked herrings, vacuum-packed smoked kippers

ETYMOLOGY: (gwag = empty) + soft mutation + (pacio = to pack)

:_______________________________.

gwahân
<gwa-HAAN> [gwaˡhɑːn] (masculine noun) (obsolete) (adverb) separation;
ar wahân = separately
<ar-wa-HAAN> [ar waˡhɑːn]

:_______________________________.

gwahanglaf
[gwaˡhaŋglaf] masculine noun
PLURAL gwahangleifion
<gwa-han-GLEIV-yon> [gwahaŋˡgləɪvjɔn]
1 leper = person with leprosy

ETYMOLOGY: (gwahan- = different, separate ) + soft mutation + ( claf = sick person)gwahanglwyf
<gwa-HAN-gluiv> [gwahaŋˡglʊɪv] masculine noun
1 (Elephantiasis graecorum) leprosy

2 (Bible) skin disease (references in the Bible are probably to various skin ailments )

Lefiticus 13:49 Os gwyrddlas neu goch fydd yr anafod yn y dilledyn, neu yn y croen, neu yn yr ystof, neu yn yr anwe, neu mewn dim o groen; pla’r gwahanglwyf yw efe; a dangoser ef i’r offeiriad
Leviticus 13:49 And if the plague be greenish or reddish in the garment, or in the skin, either in the warp or in the woof, or anything of skin; it is a plague of leprosy and shall be showed unto the priest

ETYMOLOGY (gwahan- = different, separate ) + soft mutation + ( clwyf = wound)

:_______________________________.

gwahaniaeth, gwahaniaethau
[gwaˡhanjaɪθ, gwaˡhanjɛθ, gwahanˡjəɪθaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 difference

2
os nad oes gwahaniaeth gennych chi if you don’t mind
“if there isn’t any difference with you” (os = if) + (nad = no, not) + (oes = is) + (gwahaniaeth = difference) + (gennych chi = with you)

:_______________________________.

gwahaniaethol
<gwa-han-YEI-thol> [gwahanˡjƏɪθɔl] adjective
1 distinctive, distinguishing, differential
cyfradd wahaniaethol = differential rate
toll wahaniaethol = differential duty

2 discriminatory
anwahaniaethol nondiscriminatory

ETYMOLOGY: (gwahaniaeth = difference) + (-ol = suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

gwahaniaethu <gwa-han-YEI-thi> [gwahanˡjƏɪθɪ] (verb)
1
differentiate
2
discriminate
gwahaniaethu ar sail rhyw sexual discrimination

:_______________________________.

gwahanol <gwa-HAA-nol> [gwaˡhɑˑnɔl] (adjective)
1 different

2 Maen nhw mor wahanol â mêl a menyn
They’re as different as chalk and cheese (“as different as honey and butter”)

:_______________________________.

gwahardd <GWA-hardh> [ˡgwaharð] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaharddau, gwaharddon
<gwa-HAR-dhau, -dhe, gwa-HAR-dhon> [ˡgwaharðaɪ, -ɛ, gwaharðɔn]
NOTE: South Wales gwardd
1 restriction, prohibition
bod gwahardd ar be prohibited (“be a prohibition on”)

2
control
cadw gwardd ar to keep control of, to control (e.g. children)
Does dim gwardd ar y plentyn
The child has no discipline (“there is no prohibition / control on the child”)

3
suspension = barring, exclusion
gwahardd aelod (parliament) suspension of a member

4
Y Gwahardd The Prohibition, the USA law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages in force from 1920 to 1933

5
cyfnod y Gwahardd Prohibition, the Prohibition period = the period from when the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional amendment

ETYMOLOGY: from the verb gwahardd = to prohibit

:_______________________________.

gwahardd <GWA-hardh> [ˡgwaharð] verb
NOTE: South Wales gwardd
1 prohibit, disallow, forbid, ban
gwahardd rhywun i wneud rhywbeth forbid somebody to do something
gwahardd rhywun rhag gwneud rhywbeth forbid somebody to do something
gwaharddwyd ni rhag siarad amdani we were forbidden to speak about it

2
gwahardd (rhywun) o’i waith dros dro suspend (someone) from a job (“prohibit someone from his job temporarily”)

gwahardd (rhywun) o’r brifysgol dros dro rusticate = suspend temporarily from a college or university (“prohibit someone from the university temporarily”)

3 gwahardd rhag gyrru suspend from driving

gwahardd rhag dreifio suspend from driving

Fe’i gwaharddwyd rhag dreifio am bum mlynedd
He was banned from driving for five years

4
gwaherddir ysmygu smoking prohibited (“it-is-prohibited + smoking”)

5
cael eich gwahardd (football) be banned = be suspended from playing in football matches

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

gwaharddeb
<gwa-HAR-dheb> [gwaˡharðɛb] feminine noun
PLURAL gwaharddebau
<gwa-har-DHEE-bai, -e> [gwaharˡðeˑbaɪ, -ɛ]
1 injunction = order issued by a court to prevent somebody doing something
y gwaharddeb the injunction

ETYMOLOGY: (gwahardd- stem of gwahardd = to prohibit) + (-eb suffix, indicating some kind of document)

:_______________________________.

gwaharddiad
<gwa-HARDH-yad> [gwaˡharðjad] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaharddiadau
<gwa-hardh-YAA-de> [gwaharðˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 prohibition, ban; veto, embargo; interdict

bod gwaharddiad ar be a ban on

Yn y cartref henoed mae gwaharddiad ar siarad Cymráeg
In the old people’s home speaking Welsh is banned “there’s a prohibition on speaking Welsh”

ETYMOLOGY: (gwahardd-, stem of gwaharddu = to prohibit) + (-iad, suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

gwaherddir
<gwa-HER-dhir> [ˡgwahɛrðɪr]
1 it is prohibited
Gwaherddir ysmygu Smoking prohibited
Gwaherddir ei atgynhyrchu Reproduction prohibited

ETYMOLOGY: present passive; (gwahardd-, stem of gwahardd = to prohibit) + (-ir present passive termination). The i causes a change in the vowel in the tonic syllable a > e

:_______________________________.

gwahodd
<GWAA-hodh> [ˡgwɑˑhɔð]
 (verb)
1 to invite

:_______________________________.

gwahoddiad, gwahoddiadau
<gwa-HODH-yad, gwa-hodh-YAA-dai, -e> [gwaˡhɔðjad, gwahɔðˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 invitation

ETYMOLOGY: (gwahodd--, stem of gwahodd = to invite) + (-iad noun suffix)

:_______________________________.

gwain
<GWAIN> [gwaɪn] feminine noun
PLURAL gweiniau
<GWEIN-yai, -ye> [ˡgwəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ]

1
sheath
y wain the sheath

2
scabbard = sheath for a sword
gwain addurniedig ynghlwm wrth ei wregys a decorated sheath attached to his belt

3
Rho dy dwca yn ei gwain
Put a sock in it, Shut your trap, Shut up (“put your knife in its sheath”)

ffitio fel gwain am dwca
be a perfect fit, fit like a glove (“fit like a sheath round a knife”)

4
vagina

5
nut (of a screw)

6
Sometimes (usually in an English-language context) gwain is a misspelling of gwaun = heath, moor; moor field

E.g. “Pen-y-Wain Lane”, “Pen-y-Wain Road”, “Pen-y-Wain Place” in Caer-dydd, named after the former Pen-y-waun farm (“moor end”, “end of the moor field”). (Correctly: Lôn Pen-y-waun, Heol Pen-y-waun, Maes Pen-y-waun)

7
gweinio sheathe = place a knife in a sheath, a sword in a scabbard, etc (gwein- < gwain = sheath) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

8
dadweinio unsheathe, draw (dad- = negative prefix) + soft mutation + (gweinio = sheathe)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwain < gwein < gwe-in < British < Latin vagîna (= sheath, vagina)
From the same British root:

Cornish goen (= sheath, vagina),

Breton gouin (= sheath, vagina)

:_______________________________.

gwair, gweiriau
<GWAIR, GWEIR-yai, -ye> [gwaɪr, ˡgwəɪrjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 hay, grass


2
cae gwair
hay meadow

3
lladd gwair
<lhaadh GWAIR> [ɬɑːð ˡgwaɪr] cut hay, cut grass

4 (Philaenus spumarius) llyffant y gwair froghopper (“(the) frog (of) the grass”)

:_______________________________.

gwair
1
obsolete element meaning ‘turn’, ‘bend’, ‘circle’ found in a number of compound words in modern Welsh

anniwair (= unchaste) < diwair

Caer-weir Durham, English city situated in a bend of the river Wear. Origin: (caer = fortress, + Gweir, older form of gwair)

cellwair (= a joke, to joke)

cyniwair (= to frequent, to gather)

diwair (= chaste)

genwair (= fishing rod)

Gwerful (= woman’s name, historically Gweirful)

mynwair (= torque, wreath, horse collar)

ETYMOLOGY:
gwair < gweir < British

:_______________________________.

..1 gwaith, gweithiau <GWAITH, GWEITH-yai, -ye> [gwaɪθ, ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -jɛ] (masculine noun)
1 work, activity
bod at eich clustiau mewn gwaith be up to one’s eyes in work (“be to your ears in work”)

ymroddi eich holl egni i’r gwaith o (wneud rhywbeth)
devote all one’s efforts to (doing something)

Does dim gwaith yn eich croen chi
You’re workshy; You’re bone lazy (“there’s no work in your skin”)

esgidiau gwaith work shoes

bod dan faich trwm o waith be snowed under with work (“be under a heavy burden of work”)

torri cefn y gwaith break the back of the work

2
work = an occupation for which you receive payment
cael gwaith hawdd
get a cushy job

3 gweithgar (adjective) diligent, industrious
gweithio
(verb) to work
gweithiwr, gweithwyr
(masculine noun) worker

4 works = factory
gwaith alcam
tin mine, stannary, (also tinworks)
ardal gweithiau alcam stannery (“district (of) tinworks”)
gwaith tùn tinworks
gwaith chwalu carthion sewage works, sewage farm (“work / works (of) destroying excrements”)

5 works = mine
gwaith alcam
<gwaith AL-kam> [gwaɪθ ˡalkam] tin mine, stannary, (also tinworks)
ardal gweithiau alcam stannery (“district (of) tinworks”)
gwaith glo mine
gwaith glo brig (Englandic: opencast mine) (USA: strip mine) (“mine (of) outcrop coal”)

6
Gwaith Coed
<gwaith KOID> [gwaɪθ ˡkɔɪd]
 (school subject) woodwork

Gwaith Metel
 (school subject) metalwork

7 gwaith dosbarth
 class work, work done in class in a school

8
difficult task
Fe gaiff e waith dal i fyny He’ll have a bit of a job to catch up
Cythraul o waith yw e It’s a devil of a job, It’s one devil of a job (“(it-is”) (a) devil of (a) job that-is it”)

9 Eitha gwaith iti! Tough shit, hard cheese, hard lines, hard luck (“extreme + work + to you”)

10
as a second element in a compound word: (= work, deed, action; product)

..a/ anfadwaith atrocity, evil deed, foul play, crime (anfad = atrocious ) + soft mutation + ( gwaith = act, work )

..b/ erchyllwaith atrocity, atrocities (erchyll- < erchyll = horrible ) + soft mutation + ( gwaith = act)

..c/ crochenwaith (see below)

..d/ gleinwaith (see below)

..e/ metelwaith metalwork, object or objects made of metal

..f/ rhwydwaith network (a literal translation of the English word (net + work)

..g/ trymwaith toil, hard work (trym- penult-syllable form of trwm = ) + soft mutation + (gwaith = work)

11 work = objects, craftwork; in compound nouns
crochenwaith pottery
gleinwaith beadwork (glein-, penult syllable form of glain = bead) + soft mutation + (gwaith = work)

12 (sign) “Gwaith ar y Ffordd”
 (phrase) (roadworks, road up) (“work on the road”)

13 ar fy ngwaith yn... (phrasal conjunction) (“during my action ...-ing”) as, during the time that
ar dy waith as you... / ar ei waith as he... / ar ei gwaith as she... / ar ein gwaith as we... / ar eich gwaith as you... / ar eu gwaith as they...
ar fy ngwaith yn myned i siop gyfferiau Morddal as I was going into Morddal’s drugstore

14 “activity” (in speaking of the time taken to go a specified distance)
Bu rhaid cerdded i fyny’r allt bob bore, gwaith rhyw ddeg munud.
We had to walk up the hill every morning, which took about ten minutes (“an activity (f) some ten minutes”)

:_______________________________.

..2 gwaith, gweithiau
<GWAITH, GWEITH-yai, -ye> [gwaɪθ, ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -jɛ] (feminine noun)
1
time, occasion
bod bumgwaith gymaint â be five times the size of

unwaith once
dwywaith / ddwywaith twice
teirgwaith / deirgwaith three times
pedair gwaith / bedair gwaith four times
pumgwaith / bumgwaith five times

sawl gwaith (adverbial) many a time
sawl gwaith? (adverbial) how many times?
faint o weithiau? (adverbial) how many times?
ambell waith sometimes

:_______________________________.

gwaith cartref (“cartre”)
<gwaith KAR-trev, KAR-tre> [ˡgwaɪθ ˡkartrɛv, ˡkartrɛ] masculine noun

1 homework = school exercises for preparing at home;
Gwna dy waith cartre! Do your homework!

2
homework = preparatory work for a meeting, speech, interview, etc

ETYMOLOGY: “work (of) home”, translation of English homework


:_______________________________.

gwaith dosbarth <gwaith DO-sparth> [ˡgwaɪθ ˡdɔsparθ]
1 class work, work done in class in a school

:_______________________________.

gwaith dur
<gwaith-DIIR> [ˡgwaɪθ ˡdiːr]masculine noun
PLURAL gweithiau dur
<GWEITH-yai, -ye DIIR> [ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -jɛ ˡdiːr]
1 steelworks, steel mill

ETYMOLOGY: (“work (of) steel”) (gwaith = work, works, factory) + (dur = steel)

:_______________________________.

gwaith ffordd
masculine noun
NOTE: Also gwaith ar ffordd (“work on road”)

1
road works = the repairing of a road surface, or the installing or maintenance of pipes or cables under the road

2
(sign) “Gwaith ar y Ffordd”
<gwaith ar ə FORDH> [ˡgwaɪθ ar ə ˡfɔrð] (roadworks, road up) (“work on the road”)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwaith = work) + (ffordd = road)

:_______________________________.

gwaith glo masculine noun
PLURAL gweithiau glo
<GWEITH-ye-GLO> [ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -ɛ ˡgloː]
1
coal mine, coal pit (“work (of) coal”)

ETYMOLOGY: (“work (of) coal”) (gwaith = work, works, factory) + (glo = coal)

:_______________________________.

gwaith glo brig
<gwaith gloo BRIIG> [ˡgwaɪθ gloː ˡbriːg]masculine noun
PLURAL gweithiau glo brig
<GWEITH-yai, -ye gloo BRIIG> [ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -jɛ gloː ˡbriːg]
1
(USA: strip mine) (Englandic: opencast workings, opencast pit)

ETYMOLOGY: (“work (of) coal (of) top”) (gwaith = work, works, factory) + (glo brig = surface coal)

:_______________________________.

gwal / wal, gwaliau / waliau <GWAL / WAL, GWAL-yai, -ye, WAL-yai, -ye> [gwal, wal; ˡgwaljaɪ, -ɛ, ˡwaljaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 wall
y wal the wall

:_______________________________.

gwâl, gwalau
<GWAAL, GWAA-le> [ˡgwɑːl, gwɑˑlaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 den, lair, kennel
y wâl the den, the lair
gwâl ysgyfarnog hare's form, the bed of a hare shaped by its body

Gwâl y Filiast (qv) “the greyhound bitch’s lair / den / kennel” (name given to various burial chambers)

Gwâl-yr-hwch (qv)

gwâl blaidd a wolf’s den

2 cipio cneuen o wâl y blaidd beard (= oppose) the lion in his den; confront someone (“take (a) hazelnut (from) (the) den (of ) the wolf”)

:_______________________________.

gwalch, gweilch
<GWALKH, GWEILKH> [gwalx, gwəɪlx] (masculine noun)
1 hawk

2 scoundrel

Daeth rhyw walch i wybod y peth, a thynnodd un o’r ffwrwmau i ffwrdd
Some scoundrel got to hear about the thing, and he moved one of the benches away

http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_testunau/sion_prys_024_taith_americanaidd_1843_0961k.htm
Taith Americanaidd 1843

:_______________________________.

Gwalchmai
<GWALKH-mai> n [ˡgwalxmaɪ] (feminine noun)
1 SH3976 Village in the county of Môn

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=338856

:_______________________________.

Gwalchmai <GWALKH-mai> n [ˡgwalxmaɪ] masculine noun
1 Bardic name of Richard Parry (1803-1897), poet, born in Llannerch-y-medd (county of Ynys Môn), a descendant on his mother’s side of the poet Gwalchmai ab Meilir, of Drefeilir, from whom he took his bardic name

See Hen Arweinwyr Eisteddfodau / Daniel Williams / Llyfrau Pawb 12 / 1944

:_______________________________.

gwalch y penwaig
<GWALKH ə PEN-waig> [ˡgwalx ə ˡpɛnwaɪg] masculine noun
PLURAL gweilch y penwaig
<GWEILKH ə PEN-waig> [ˡgwəɪlx ə ˡpɛnwaɪg]
1
(Alca torda) = razorbill
Standard name: llurs

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) falcon (of) the herrings” (gwalch = falcon) + (y definite article) + (penwaig, plural of pennog = herring)

:_______________________________.

gwalch y pysgod
[ˡgwalx ə ˡpəskɔd] masculine noun
PLURAL gweilch y pysgod
[ˡgwəɪlx ə ˡpəskɔd]

1 Pandion haliaetus osprey

Nid oes gan
walch y pysgod unrhyw elyn naturiol
The osprey has no natural enemy

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hawk (of) the fish” (gwalch = hawk) + (y definite article) + (pysgod = fish)

:_______________________________.

gwaled, gwaledi <GWAA-led, gwa-LEE-di> [ˡgwɑˑlɛd, gwaˡldɪ] (feminine noun)
1 wallet
y waled the wallet

Nowadays usually waled (qv)

:_______________________________.

gwall, gwallau <GWALH, GWA-lhai -lhe> [gwaɬ, ˡgwaɬaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 error, mistake

bod yn llawn gwallau be full of errors

bod yn llawn gwallau iaith be full of errors of language

:_______________________________.

gwallgof (gwallgo’) <GWALH-gov, GWALH-go> [ˡgwaɬgɔv, ˡgwaɬgɔ] (adjective)
1 mad = insane
bod yn ynfyd wallgo’ be furious, be hopping mad
mynd yn ynfyd wallgo’ get furious (“go insane mad”)

:_______________________________.


gwallgofrwydd
<gwalh-GOV-ruidh> [gwaɬˡgɔvrʊɪð]  masculine noun
1
madness, lunacy
pwl o wallgofrwydd fit of madness, attack of madness, moment of madness

Dywedir fod y ffin rhwng athrylith a gwallgofrwydd yn denau iawn
It is said that the line (“border”) between genius and madness is very thin

ETYMOLOGY: (gwallgof = mad) + (-rwydd suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

gwallt, gwalltiau
<GWALHT, GWALHT-ye> [ˡgwaɬt, gwaɬtjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 hair; head of hair

2
cael gwneud eich gwallt have a hair-do (“get (the) doing (of) your hair”)
cael trin eich gwallt have a hair-do (“get (the) treating (of) your hair”)
cael torri eich gwallt have a haircut / hair-do (“get (the) cutting (of) your hair”)

3
Mae ei wallt yn donnau His hair is wavy (“his hair is (in the form of) waves”)

4 eurwallt golden hair (eur- penutimate-syllable form of aur = gold) + soft mutation + (gwallt = hair)

:_______________________________.

Gwallter
<GWALH-ter> [ˡgwaɬtɛr] (masculine noun)
1 Walter

:_______________________________.

gwallus
<GWA-lhis> [ˡgwaɬɪs] (adjective)
1 full of mistakes

:_______________________________.

Gwâl y Filiast
<GWAAL ə VIL-yast> [gwɑːl ə ˡvɪljast]

1 Gwâl y Filiast SN1725 Burial Chamber in 1.5km south-west of Llanglydwen, county of Caerfyrddin

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN1725

2 Gwâl y Filiast ST2484 standing stone by Llanfihangel y Fedw (county of Casnewydd). (A letter in the Western Mail 23 August 1933 from Bromley Edmunds, Pen-rhos, Nantgarw states that this was the original name of ‘Druidstone’ on today’s maps of this area – there is a Druidstone Road ST2484 and a Druidstone House ST2484)

The Welsh names would be Heol Gwâl y Filiast (Druidstone Road), and Gwâlyfiliast (Druidstone House)

3 Gwâl y Filiast ST0973 Also known as Maes y Filiast “(the) field (of) the greyhound bitch”, Llech y Fliast “(the) slab (of) the greyhound bitch”, Castell Carreg “stone castle”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/959459

4 Gwâl y Filiast SN4513 Llangyndeyrn
A History of Carmarthenshire, Sir John E Lloyd (Editor). (2 volumes, Cardiff, 1935, 1939). Published by the London Carmarthenshire Society: “The name Twlc-y-filiast is frequently applied to a dolmen in South Wales (Gwal-y-filiast occurs again as the name of a ruined dolmen in the parish of Llangyndeyrn)”

5 Gwâl y Filiast ST1072 burial chamber between Y Dyffryn and Llwynelyddon / St Lythans

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/3238


(delw 7100)

ETYMOLOGY: “the greyhound bitch’s lair / den / kennel” (gwâl = lair / kennel) + (y = definite article, ‘the’) + soft mutation + (miliast = female greyhound)

:_______________________________.

Gwâlyfiliast
<GWAAL ə VIL-yast> [gwɑːl ə ˡvɪljast]
1 (A letter in the Western Mail 23 August 1933 from Bromley Edmunds, Pen-rhos, Nantgarw states that a small farm at Rhydfelen ST0988, Pont-ty-pridd (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) was known by this name). (As a farm name it would be spelt as one word - Gwâlyfiliast)

ETYMOLOGY: Same as Gwâl y Filiast above. As a farm name it would be spelt as one word – Gwâlyfiliast

:_______________________________.

Gwâl-yr-hwch
<GWAAL ə VIL-yast> [gwɑːl ər ˡhuːx]
1 SN5807 farm in Llanedi (county of Caerfyrddin)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=186736 map

ETYMOLOGY: “the wild boar’s lair / den / kennel” (gwâl = lair / den / kennel) + (yr = definite article, ‘the’) + soft mutation + (hwch = earlier Welsh: pig, wild boar; modern Welsh: sow)

:_______________________________.

gwan
<GWAN> [gwan] adjective
PLURAL gweinion
<GWEIN-yon> [ˡgwəɪnjɔn] ; as a noun: PLURAL gweiniaid <GWEIN-yaid -yed> [ˡgwəɪnjaɪd, -jɛd]

1 weak, feeble = lacking physical strength

Y mae'r Gymraeg yn wannach na'r Saesneg hyd yn oed yn ei chadarnleoedd erbyn hyn
The Welsh language is weaker than English even in its strongholds by now

2 weak = feeble through sickness or old age

Y mae’n wan, yn wan ofnadwy... Efallai na bydd hi byw tan y nos, medd y doctor
She’s weak, terribly weak – she might not last until the evening, the doctor says

Ma Tomos wedi mynd mor wan Tomos has become really weak

henwan feeble through old age

3 chwerthin nes eich bod yn wan laugh until you can laugh no more (“laugh until you are weak”)
(South Wales) hala (rhywun) yn wan drive (somebody) up the wall

4 (voice) weak = faint, lacking volume
mewn llais gwan in a weak voice

5
weak = (from illness) feeble, lacking in physical strength or bodily vigour

6 weak = lacking firmness, stability; (structure) weak = lacking strength, liable to collapse if subjected to too much strain or weight
pont wan weak bridge

7
weak = lacking power

8
weak = lacking in desirable ingredients, flavour; (drink) diluted
te gwan = weak tea

9
weak = not strong, liable to break, collapse

10
weak, feeble = (excuse) not convincing, lacking soundness

11
weak = (light) lacking intensity, faint, dim
Roedd y golau yn rhy wan i gael llun da o’r garreg fedd
The light was too dim to get a good picture of the gravestone

12
(sun), weak, faint, not giving bright light
Haul gwyn gwan, glaw yn y man (saying) “A white weak sun, rain soon”

13
ar foment wan in a moment of weakness
Ar foment wan fe gytunodd i roi tro arni
In a moment of weakness he agreed to give it a try

15
weak = lacking authority

16
weak = lacking political power

17
weak = ineffectual

18
weak = (stomach) digesting food with difficulty

19
weak = (person) lacking resolution, courage, determination, willpower

20
weak = easily tempted

21
weak = not enthusiastic, not fervent

22
weak = lacking quality

23
soft-headed

Y ffŵl gwan ag ef! the daft fool! (“the weak fool with him”)
South Wales hala (rhywun) yn wan drive (somebody) up the wall
Also: penwan = soft-headed, foolish (pen = head) + soft mutation + (gwan = weak)

24
(eyes) weak

25
(knowledge) weak, not well-versed

26
(faith) weak

27
(argument) weak

28
(medicine) weak, ineffective

29
(colour) faint, pale

Pa liw sy orau gen ti ar gyfer y wal? Gwyrdd gwan, neu las?
What colour do you prefer for the wall? Pale green or blue?

30 (hope) faint

31
(noun) y gweiniaid the weak (taste) weak
cyri gwan a weak curry

32
comparisons:
mor wan â blewyn “as weak as a blade (of grass)”
mor wanned ag ewyn dwr “as weak as foam (on) water”
mor wanned â phabwyren “as weak as (the) wick (of a candle)”
mor wanned â mwg “as weak as smoke”

33
henwan feeble through old age (hen = old) + soft mutation + (gwan = weak)

34
y rhyw wannaf (= women) the weaker sex (“the weakest sex”)

35 (mind) weak, feeble, lacking in understanding, unable to reason, soft-headed
ceffyl bach oedd pob ci yn ol ei meddwl gwan hi
every dog was a little horse according to her weak mind

Y ffwl gwan ag ef! the daft fool!
(“the weak fool with him”)

36 epithet in Middle Welsh:
Ieuan Wan (“weak John”)

37 1 trechaf treisied, gwannaf gwaedded “let (the) strongest oppress, let (the) weakest shout” survival of the fittest, might is right

38 Haul gwyn gwan, Glaw yn y man weak white sun, rain soon

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwan < British < Celtic *wann-
From the same British root: Cornish gwann (= weak), Breton gwann (= weak)
From the same Celtic root: Irish fann (= weak);

Cf English wench (= young woman) (archaic, but used facetiously in modern English)
< Old English wenchel, wencel (= child), < wancol (= weak)

:_______________________________.

gwân <GWAAN> [gwɑːn] (v)

1 ei gwân hi run off, run away
See gwanu

:_______________________________.

gwan 2 <gwan > [gwan] (m)
PLURAL gweiniaid <GWEIN-yaid, -ed> [ˡgwəɪnjaɪd, -ɛd]

1 weak person, weakling

2 little child
 y gwan bach the helpless little creature

:_______________________________.

gwân <GWAAN> [gwɑːn] (v)
See: gwahân

:_______________________________.

gwan eich siôl <GWAAN əkh SHOOL> [ˡgwɑːn əx ˡʃoˑl]
1 (south-west) weak in the head

 Transactions of the Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society. Dimetian Dialect Part 4; M H Jones April 20 1906 gwan ei shol (weak as to his head)

:_______________________________.

gwan o galon <gwan o GA-lon> [gwan ɔ ˡgalɔn] (adj)
1 faint-hearted, scared, pusillanimous

:_______________________________.

gwana'
<GWAA-na> [ˡgwɑˑna]
1 See: gwanaf

:_______________________________.

gwanaco
<gwa-NA-ko> [gwaˡnakɔ] (m)
PLURAL gwanacod
<gwa-NA-koz> [gwaˡnakɔz] (Patagonian Welsh)

1 guanaco

:_______________________________.

gwanaf, gwanafau / gwaneifiau
<GWAA-nav, gwa-NAA-fai, –e, gwa-NEIV-yai, -ye> [ˡgwɑˑnav, gwaˡnɑˑfaɪ, -ɛ, gwaˡnəɪfjaɪ, -ɛ ] (feminine noun)

1 (haymaking) windrow, a row of raked sun-dried grass, swath of cut grass
y wanaf the swath

y gwanafau gwair the rows of grass

2 space between the ropes securing the thatch of a haystack

3 measure
I lawer, y gair am ystod o wair yw gwana(f), ond defnyddid ef hefyd fel term mesur. Pan fyddai dynion yn dod i'r fferm i ffustio byddent yn mesur y das, gan ddefnyddio pen cribyn fel pen mesur.
Gwana' oedd hyd un pen cribyn. Clywyd am un das oedd yn bedwar ar higian o weneifia o hyd.

To many, gwana(f) is the word for a rown of grass but it was used too as a term for measuring. When men would come to the farm to flail they would measure the stack, using the top of a stack as a measure. A gwana' was the length of the top of a stack. I heard of one stack that was twenty four ‘gwanavs’ long.

4 (thatched roof) vertical strip, the space either side of a ladder within reach of a thatcher

_______________________.

gwanafu
<gwa-NAA-vi> [gwaˡnɑˑvɪ] (verb)
1 (of grass which has been cut, after drying in the sun) to rake (the dried grass) into rows, put in swathes, lay out in rows (corn at harvest)

2 Ceredigion ei gwanafu-hi, ei gwanaf-hi make off, run off

_______________________.

gwanas, gwanasau
<GWAA–nas, gwa-NA-sai, -e> [ˡgwɑˑnas, gwaˡnasaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 promontory (obsolete; found in place names)
y wanas the promontory

2 peg, nail, hook (eg for harness in stable)

3 prop, stay, support

:_______________________________.

gwanc <GWANGK > [gwaŋk] (m)
1 greed

2 greed for money
gwanc am arian greed for money

3 gluttony, greediness

4 appetite, craving

Mae gwanc yn 'yn stumog-i

Doctor Iŵ-Hŵ Eic Davies 1966, tudalen 9

My stomach's crying out for food

y gwanc am ddifyrrwch diddiwedd

the craving for non-stop entertainment

5 gwangen (Alosa fallax ) twaite shad
< *gwancen (“the greedy one”) (gwanc = greed) + (-en suffix to make a noun from an adjective)

6 gwenci weasel = animal with reddish-brown fur, elongated body and neck, short legs: especially (Mustela nivalis) = European weasel
 < *gwenc-gi (“greed-dog”, greedy dog) (gwanc = greed ) + soft mutation + (ci = dog)
In South Wales, there are the following variants:
..a/ wenci
..b/ weinci
..c/ winci


:_______________________________.


gwancio <GWANG-yo> [ˡgwaŋkjɔ]
1 gorge, eat greedily

2 long for (something) intensely

3 long (to do something), itch (to do something)

Wn i ddim beth 'wnaeth imi ddechrau bidio am y gist. Efallai am imi weld nad oedd neb arall yn gwancio i’w wneud.
I don’t know why I started bidding for the chest. Maybe because I saw that nobody else was prepared to do so

4 lust after

ETYMOLOGY: (gwanc = greed) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

gwancus <GWANG-kis> [ˡgwaŋkɪs] (adj)
1 greedy
, voracious, gluttonous = having an excessive desire for (food, etc)

2 ravenous

3 comparison;

mor wancus â winci “as greedy as a weasel”


:_______________________________.

gwanddu
<GWAN-dhi> [ˡgwaɪ]

1 South Wales =
gwadnu (qv)

:_______________________________.

gwaneg
<GWAA-neg> [ˡgwɑˑnɛg]
PLURAL gwanegau
<gwa-NEE-gai, -e> [gwaˡneˑgaɪ, -ɛ]

1 roller = wave

:_______________________________.

gwangalon
<gwan-GA-lon> [gwaŋˡgalɔn]  (adj)

1 faint-hearted, scared, pusillanimous
 

:_______________________________.

gwangaloni
<gwan-ga- lo -ni> [gwaŋgaˡlɔnɪ] (vi)
1 lose heart,
become discouraged

llwyddo i gadw ffydd heb wangaloni
succeed in keeping your faith without becoming discouraged

:_______________________________.

gwangen
<GWAng-gen> [ˡgwaŋgɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL gwangod
<GWAng-god> [ˡgwaŋgɔd]
1 (Alosa fallax ) twaite shad

2
(South-west Wales) gwengyn , gwencyn (
Salmo trutta ) sea trout sewin, sea trout
See gwangen

ETYMOLOGY: < *gwancen (“the greedy one”) < (gwanc = greed) + (-en suffix to make a noun from an adjective)

:_______________________________.

gwangod
<GWANG-od> [ˡgwaŋɔd]
1
plural form of gwangen or gwengyn (Alosa fallax ) twaite shad   

:_______________________________.

gwanhâd <gwan-HAAD> [gwanˡhɑːd] (m)
1 weakening

ETYMOLOGY: (gwanchá, stem of the verb gwanháu = to weaken) + (-ad noun suffix) > gwanhá-ad > gwanhâd

:_______________________________.

gwanháol <gwan-HAA-ol> [gwanˡhɑˑɔl] (adj)
1 debilitating

ETYMOLOGY: (gwanchá, stem of the verb gwanháu = to weaken) + (-ol adjectival suffix) > gwanhá-ol > gwanhaol

:_______________________________.

gwanháu <gwan-HAI> [gwanˡh]

1 (verb with an object) weaken, debilitate, enfeeble, attenuate

2 (vi) grow weak, lose strength

Yr oedd fy hyder yn gwanhau drachefn
My confidence was weakening again

ETYMOLOGY: (gwan = weak) + (-háu suffix for forming verbs from adjectives)
:_______________________________.

gwanieth <GWAN-yeth> [ˡgwanjɛθ] (m)
1 Southern colloquial for gwahaniaeth (= difference)

ETYMOLOGY: gwahaniaeth (= difference) > gwahanieth (ae > e in the final syllable) > gwa’anieth (loss of the h) > gwanieth

:_______________________________.

gwanio
<GWAN-yo> [ˡgwanjɔ]

(North Wales)
1 grow weak, flag
Ond ôl rhedeg ugain milltir dyma fi’n dechrau gwanio
But after running twenty miles I began to flag

2 (language) lose ground (to another language)
Caewyd ugain o gapeli dros y ddegawd honno wrth i'r Gymráeg wanio yn yr ardal
Over twenty chapels closed over that decade as the Welsh language lost ground in the area

ETYMOLOGY: (gwan = weak) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

gwanllyd
<GWAN-lhid> [ˡgwanɬɪd] (adj)
1 (health) feeble, sickly, delicate, poor
Gresyn gweld yr hen of mor wanllyd ei iechyd yn ddiweddar

It was a great pity to see the old smith in such poor health recently

2 feeble, weak

sŵn bach gwanllyd a faint weak sound

ETYMOLOGY: (gwan = weak) + (-llyd suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

gwannaidd <GWAN-aidh, -edh> [ˡgwanaɪð] (adj)
1 feeble, week
Daeth yr haul i'r golwg yn wannaidd o ganol y cymylau

The sun came out feebly from amidst the clouds

gwyn gwannaidd y cynfas gwely the feeble white colour of the bedsheet

ETYMOLOGY: (gwann- < gwan = weak) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

gwannyd
<GWA-nid> [ˡgwanɪd] collective noun
1
(South Wales) inferior grain

2
There is a street in Ystalyfera (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) called “Pant Y Gwanyd Road” which apparently is this same word

(2009-04-06 I have no earlier examples of this name at present to confirm it)

It would be Heol Pantygwannyd in Welsh, (“(the) hollow (of) the inferior grain”)

ETYMOLOGY: “weak corn” (gwann-, tonic syllable form of gwan = weak) + (yd = corn)

NOTE: In Godre Ceredigion (the southern part of the county of Ceredigion) the a > e due to the influence of the y
<i> [ˡɪ] in the fianl syllable: gwennyd.

This in fact was the normal development in such cases in earlier Welsh (tramp / trempyn = a tramp, etc.)

:_______________________________.

gwannus
<GWA-nis> [ˡgwanɪs] collective noun
1
light chaff

ETYMOLOGY: “weak chaff” (gwann-, tonic syllable form of gwan = weak) + (us = chaff)
:_______________________________.

gwanstrio
<GWAN-stryo> [ˡgwanstrɪɔ] (v)

1 waver, vacillate, hesitate

In the county of Môn as wanstro
<WAN-stro> [ˡwanstrɔ]

:_______________________________.

gwantan
<GWAN-tan> [ˡgwantan] (adj)
1 fickle

2 (health) poorly, weak
yr oedd golwg wantan arni She looked poorly (“there was a poorly look on her”)

3 of poor quality, valueless

chwaraewyr gwantan sydd ag ofn eu cysgod ydyn nhw bob un

they’re poor players afraid of their own shadow, every single one of them

y rhigymau gwantan sy'n pasio fel emynau modern

the valueless rhymes that pass for modern hymns

4 debilitated, powerless
cyngor gwantan a diddylanwad a weak council lacking in influence

5 (weather) changeable

6 lascivious


ETYMOLOGY: English wanton (now wón-tən, but in earlier English wán-tən)

NOTE: Also gwantam (n > m).

Cf dinan (= little fort) > dinam in place names


:_______________________________.
 [gwâ-ni](
gwanu <GWAA-ni> [ˡgwɑˑnɪ] (v)

1 (verb with an object) pierce, stab, prick
gwanu (rhywun) â chleddyf run a sword through someone

poen
anioddefol fel pe bai rhywun wedi fy ngwanu yn fy mhen-ôl
an unbearable pain as if somebody had stabbed me in the buttocks

2 (verb with an object) poke, push, stick

wastod yn gwân 'i phen i genol pethach always sticking her head into things

3 (verb with an object) poke = copulate

4 (vi) ei gwân hi, ei gwanu hi (South Wales) dash off, hurry off


Bu rhaid iddo ei gwanu hi gartref gynted ag y galle fe
He had to dash off home as quick as he could

ETYMOLOGY: gwanu  (gwân- < British < Celtic *wan-)  + (-u verb suffix)
From the same British root: Cornish gwana
From the same Common Celtic root: Irish goin (= stab, sting)

:_______________________________.

gwanwan <GWAN-wan> [ˡgwanwan] adj)
1 very weak, very feeble

Arthur. - Mae'n debyg eich bod wedi cael gafael ar rai o hen resymau gwanwan ac ynfyd Cymdeithas Heddwch. Pe byddai i ni gario allan eu hegwyddorion hwy, fe fyddai genym fyd hynod mewn ychydig amser! Llyfr Dadleuol t41
Arthur. – It seems that you’ve got hold of some of the idiotic and extrememely reasons of the Peace Association. If we carrried out their principles, in a short space of time the world would be in a real mess (“we’d have a remarkable world”)  

ETYMOLOGY: “weak weak” (gwan = weak) + soft mutation + (gwan = weak)

 


:_______________________________.

 ɪ


gwanwyn <GWAN-uin> [ˡgwanʊɪn] (masculine noun)

PLURAL gwanwynau <gwan-UI-nai, -e> [gwanˡʊɪnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 spring
= (northern hemisphere) season between winter and summer, progressively warmer, from the vernal equinox to the summer solstice

 

spring = (southern hemisphere) season between winter and summer, progressively colder, from the vernal equinox to the winter solstice (and hence in the Welsh settlement in Patagonia)

melyn y gwanwyn (“yellow (flower) (of) the spring”)

An alternative name for llygad Ebrill (“eye (of) April”)

Ranunculus ficaria  Lesser celandine

 

yn y gwanwyn in the spring

bob gwanwyn every spring

 

2 pen ci ar fore o wanwyn said of unsettled weather in the morning which gives way to fair weather by the evening; ("head (of) dog on (a) morning (of) Spring")

3 gafr wanwyn GAA-var WAN-uin› [ˡgɑˑvar ˡ gwanʊɪn],   geifr wanwyn GEI-vir GWAN-win› [ˡgəɪvɪr ˡgwanʊɪn] (“goat of spring”), an alternative name for the troellwr mawr (Caprimulgus europaeus) nightjar

 

(South Wales) fel gafr wanwyn (said of a constant moaner) (“like a nightjar”)
bod fel gafar wanwyn be a real moaner

 

(delw 7082)


3 spring = the months of February, March, April, to mid-May

4 spring = the months of March, April, May (USA)
 
5 spring = the beginning of warmer weather, the appearance of buds and shoots, the growth of plants
dydd o wanwyn a  spring day
Mae hi'n gwneud gwanwyn cynnar Spring has come early
 
6 spring = a period like spring, early part of a period, the first stage, the freshest period

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwan|n < gwann|n < gwae|ann|n < British *wesant-ên-o-
From the same British root: Cornish GWAINTEN < GWAINTOIN

Related Indo-European words:

Scottish Gaelic Earrach (= spring)

Sanskrit vasantah (= spring), Hindustani basant (= spring), Punjabi basant (= spring),

Latin
vêr (= spring) > vernus (relating to spring) > vernalis (relating to spring, vernal);

Late Latin prima vera (“first spring”) > Italian / Occitan / Catalan / Castilian primavera

Greek ear (= spring)

Russian vesna (= spring)

Old Norse var (= spring), Norwegian vår (= spring)

Proto-Indo-European root *wesr

NOTE: South Wales gwanwn <GWAA-nun> [ˡgwɑˑnʊn];

(county of Powys [Maldwyn] gweinwyn <GWEIN-win> [ˡgwəinwɪn];  , gweiniwn <GWEIN-yun> [ˡgwəinjʊn];  

 
:_______________________________.

gwanwynol
<gwan-UI-nol> [gwanˡʊɪnɔl]  (adj)
1 springtime, spring-like, in spring


Clywid rhyw ysgafnder gwanwynol yn yr awel A spring-like lightness was to be felt in the breeze

 

ETYMOLOGY: (gwanwyn = spring) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.

gwanychdod
<gwa-NƏKH-dod> [gwanˡəxdɔd]  
1 lingering illness
bod gwanychdod ar have a lingering illness

ETYMOLOGY: (gwanwych-, stem of the verb gwanychu = to grow weak) + (-dod suffix for forming abstract nouns)


:_______________________________.

gwanychiad
<gwa-NƏKH-yad> [gwanˡəxjad]  
1 enfeeblement

ETYMOLOGY: (gwanwych-, stem of the verb gwanychu = to grow weak) + (-i-ad suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.

gwanychu
<gwa-NƏ-khi> [gwanˡəxɪ]  (v)
1 (vi) grow weak

Mae haen o Gymreictod o hyd yn Lerpwl, er ei fod yn graddol wanychu
There’s still a layer of Welshness in Liverpool, though it is gradually weakening

2 (vi)  falter, lose enthusiasm,
Dal ati - paid gwanychu yn awr y frwydr fawr

Stick at it – don’t falter in the hour of the great battle


3 (verb with an object) make weak

4 emasculate 

ETYMOLOGY: (gwan = weak) + (-ych-u)

:_______________________________.

gwapro
<GWA-pro> [ˡgwaprɔ]  
1 See: gwobri (= to award a prize)

:_______________________________.

*gwar
1 (1) Old Welsh preposition (= on, over).

(2) Later it became war (that is, the soft-mutated form gwar > ghwar > war)

(3) It then became ar through confusion with an existing preposition ar (= in front of).

(4) Most senses of modern Welsh ar derive from *gwar (= on, over) rather than ar (= in front of)

2
as a prefix, gwar (= over-, super-) (1) became gwor-, which has given modern Welsh gor;

...(a) goryfed (= to drink too much) gor + (yfed = to drink)

...(b) goryrru (= to drive too fast) gor + soft mutation + (gyrru = to drive) (2) but the prefix gwar- survives in some verbs

...(a) gwaradwyddo (= to rebuke) gwar + (adwydd = sharp, cruel)

...(b) gwrando (historically “gwarando”) (= to listen),

...(c) gwarchae (= to besiege) gwar + aspirate mutation + (cae = to close, to enclose)

...(d) gwarchod (= to look after) gwar + aspirate mutation + (cadw = to keep)

NOTE: See gor-

:_______________________________.

gwar <GWAR> [gwar]   (f)
PLURAL
gwarrau
<GWA-rai, -e> [ˡgwaraɪ, -ɛ]  
1 nape of the neck, scruff of the neck, the back between the shoulders, top of the back

y war the nape of the neck

Daeth i mewn â’r sach ar ei war He came carrying the sack on his back

gerfydd eich gwar by the scruff of your neck
codi’r gath gerfydd ei gwar pick up the cat by the scruff of its neck
codi’ch gwar shrug your shoulders

ar ôl pnawn ar y mynydd, a llosgi ein gwarrau yn yr haul

after an afternoon on the upland, and having burnt the back of our necks in the sun

 
2 cael cric yn eich gwar get a crick in your neck

3 bod ar war eich pwll have one foot in the grave (“be on the part overlooking the pit”)

4 hill (a long flattish hill)

5 place above and behind
ar war (qv) above

Saif hen balasdy y Prichardiaid, sef y Collena, yn nghanol meusydd eang gwyrddion, ar war Tonyrefail (Hanes Tonyrefail - Atgofion am y Lle a’r Hen Bobl. Thomas Morgan. 1899, Caerdydd.)
The old mansion of the Prichards, namely Y Collena, stands in the middle of extensive green fields, above (the village of) Tonyrefail

Common in place names in south Wales, especially in the south-west
Gwar-bryn gwar y bryn = hill crest, or place above and behind the hill
Gwar-coed gwar y coed = place above and behind the wood
Gwar-ddôl gwar y ddôl = place above and behind the meadow
Gwaryfelin gwar y felin = place above and behind the mill
Gwarffynnon gwar y ffynnon = place above and behind the well
Gwargorof gwar y gorof = place above and behind the wooded precipice
Gwarmynydd gwar y mynydd = place above and behind the upland pasture
Gwar-nant gwar y nant = place above and behind the brook
Gwar-pwll gwar y pwll = place above and behind the pit, the hollow
Gwar-rhos gwar y rhos = place above and behind the moorland
Gwarycaeau street name. Pen-y-cae, Margam; = place above and behind the fields

 

4 o war above; from above

Un o war Llandeilo oedd e
He was from Llandeilo way, from the country above Llandeilo

Cae war Ty (field name) y cae o war y ty – the field above the house

5
bod ar eich gwar be breathing down your neck, be close behind (i.e. not leaving somebody alone)

Mae e ar ’y ngwar i o hyd He’s on top of me all the time

6
bod ar ei gwar hi be on top of a job, have made good progress in some task so that it is on its way to being completed (“be on the back of its neck”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwar < British *war- < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish gwarr (= nape, curve), Breton gwar = ([adjective]; curved; [noun] curve)

NOTE: (South Wales) masculine noun gwar, y gwar (North Wales) feminine noun gwar, y war


:_______________________________.
 

 
gwâr
<GWAAR> [gwɑːr]  (adj)
1 civilised
cymdeithas wâr a civilised society
anwar
barbarous (an- negative prefix) + soft mutation + (gwâr = civilised)


y mae unrhyw glaf mewn gwlad wâr yn haeddu y driniaeth orau bosibl yn yr ysbyty
anybody sick in a civilised society deserves th best possible treatment in a hospital

2 (obsolete) heating, warming

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwar < *gwor < British
Welsh gwâr is related to the verb gori (= to incubate [an egg])< gwori, and to the noun gwres (= heat)

 

Irish: gor (= heat). 

Old Irish gor (adj) (= filial, dutiful < warm). In the Welsh Laws, mab anwar ( = son who isn’t dutiful)
From the same British root: Cornish hwar (= meek, gentle, mild) < in-hwar < (in) + (gwar) 
 

:_______________________________.
 

 
gwaradwydd <gwa-RAA-duidh> [gwaˡrɑˑdʊɪð]  
1 ignominy, disgrace, disrepute


Pa un a oeddynt yn haeddu'r gwaradwydd bentyrwyd ar eu pennau nid oes modd dweud yn bendant. Casglwr 51 1993

Whether they deserved the ignomy that was poured onto their heads there is no way of saying for sure

 

diwradwydd without disgrace, exemplary

 

Ym Mynwent Eglwys Sant Cedol, Pentir, ar fedd Edward WIlliams,
Pen Hower...

Ei rodiad fu'n ddi-w'radwydd,

Yn bedair a chanmlwydd;

Dan gêl fe'i rhoddwyd o'n gŵydd.

Obry'r awn ninau'n ebrwydd 

t62 Englynion Beddau Dyffryn Ogwen, gan J Elwyn Hughes 1979
Gravestone inscription: In the Churchyard of Saint Cedol’s Church, Pentir, on the grave of Edward Williams, Pen Hower...

His passage [through life] was without disgrace

[at the age of] one hundred and four

He was put hidden away from our presence

We too shall go up [to heaven] too soon

 

Diarhebion 18:3 Wrth ddyfodiad y drygionus y daw diystyrwch, a chyda gogan, gwaradwydd

Proverbs 18:3 When the wicked cometh, then cometh also contempt; and with ignominy
reproach

Mae yn chwithig iawn, os nid yn waradwydd ar Gymru, ei bod wedi gadael y fath ddyn heb un Bywgraphiad. Hanes y Bibl Cymraeg /Thomas Levi / Blwyddyn a Gyhoeddwyd: ?  t96
It is unbecoming, if not a disgrace for Wales, that she [the country] has left such a man without a single biography


2 rebuke, reproach

3 compensation for insult

ETYMOLOGY: (gwar- intensifying prefix) + (adwydd = sharp, cruel).

The adjective adwydd < British < Common Cceltic *wedi (= to see, to perceive)
 

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gwaradwyddo <gwa-ra-DUI-dhis>  [gwaraˡdʊɪðɔ]  (v)


1 to reproach, to rebuke

Job 19:3 Dengwaith bellach y’m gwaradwyddasoch; ac nid cywilydd gennych ymgaledu i’m herbyn.

Job 19:3 These ten times have ye reproached me: ye are not ashamed that ye make yourselves strange to me.

 

2 to disgrace, dishonour

 

3 insult, mock, disparage

Genesis 39:14 Yna hi a alwodd ar ddynion ei thŷ, ac a draethodd wrthynt, gan ddywedyd, Gwelwch, efe a ddug i ni Hebrëwr i’n gwaradwyddo: daeth ataf fi i orwedd gyda myfi, minnau a waeddais â llef uchel,
Genesis 39:14 That she called unto the men of her house, and spake unto them, saying, See, he hath brought in an Hebrew unto us to mock us; he came in unto me to lie with me, and I cried with a loud voice:


4 put to shame, to shame

gwaradwyddo (rhywun) i wneud rhywbeth shame (someone) into doing something

5 feel ashamed, be put to shame
Dylai pawb waradwyddo o gael gwybod mai arferiad sydd ar gynnydd yw hyn

Everybody should feel ashamed on knowing that this is a practice which is growing

 

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gwaradwyddus <gwa-ra-DUI-dhis>  [gwaraˡdʊɪðɪs]  (adj)
1 disparaging,
opprobious, disgraceful, shameful
bod yn waradwyddus be a disgrace, be disgraceful, be shameful

Nid yw yn ddim llai na gwaradwyddus it’s nothing less than shameful

Mae cymaint o bethau gwardwyddus yn cael eu dangos ar y teledu y dyddiau hyn
There are so many shameful things being shown on TV these days

Apocrypha Eccelsiasticus 23:15 Y dyn a ymarfero â geiriau gwaradwyddus, ni chymer addysg tra fyddo byw.
Apocrypha Eccelsiasticus 23:15 The man that is accustomed to opprobrious words will never be reformed all the days of his life.

ETYMOLOGY: (gwaradwydd = disrepute, opprobium) + (-us adjectival suffix)

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Gwarafog <gwa-RAA-vog> [gwaˡrɑˑvɔg]  

1 locality (SN9548) in Brycheiniog (Powys); a parish at this place

Population: 50 (1961), 65 (1971)
Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 22% (1961), 15% (1971)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN9548

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gwarafun <gwa-RAA-vin> [gwaˡrɑˑvɪn]  

1 (verb with a direct and indirect object) refuse, begrudge [= be envious of; wish ill or allow unwillingly], deny, envy (somebody something), be jealous of, be envious of (somebody’s something), be unhappy that somebody has something


Nid wyf yn gwarafun iddo ei lwyddiant I don’t begrudge him his success, I’m not jealous of his success, I’m happy for his success

 

Gradd er anrhydedd oedd, ac felly enillodd ei radd heb basio egsam – ond pwy sy'n mynd i warafun hynny, cymaint ei gyfraniad yn y maes

it was an honorary degree, and so he won his degree without passing an exam – but who is going to begrudge him that since his contribution to the filed has been so great

 

Ni fu i'r cylchgrawn hwn erióed warafun arian i unrhyw gyhoeddiad arall

This magazine has never begrudged money for any other publication

 

Ni fynnwn warafun i neb elwa ar ei dalent... ond ydi hi’n deg ei fod erbyn hyn yn aml-filiwnydd am gicio pêl o gwmpas cae, ac yntau ond yn ugain oed?

I wouldn’t want to criticise anybody for profiting from his or her talent – but is it fair that he is a multi-millionaire by now for kicking a ball around a field, when he’s only twenty years old?

mean to

 

Nid oedd y gŵr yn gwarafun yr un dim iddi

Her husband didn't deny her a single thing

2 prohibit
plant dan oed yn yfed gwerth tua £20 ddwy neu dair gwaith yr wythnos, nes yn feddw,
yn nhref Caernarfon, heb i neb warafun

Children under age drinking [and spending] around twenty pounds two or three times a week, until they are drunk, without anybody reproaching them

 
Gorchwyl achlysurol oedd 'hel priciau', ac yr oedd yn rhaid wrth amser cyfaddas i wneud hynny.
Ac os llwyddem i gael 'baich da,' ni warafunid i ni dreulio oriau dedwydd yn y Coed

t44 Y Pentre Gwyn, gan Anthropos (Robert David Rowland 1853?-1944), Tyn-y-cefn, Corwen; 1923

An occasional task was ‘gathering sticks’, and you needed a suitable amount of time to do this. And if we managed to get a good load, nobody prohibited us from spending happy houres in the wood.


ETYMOLOGY: gwarafun < gwarofun < gworofun < British < Common Celtic *wer-wo-mun
 

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gwarafuniad <gwa-ra-VIN-yad> [gwaraˡvɪnjad]  (m)
PLURAL gwarafuniadau
<gwa-ra-vin-YAA-dai, -e> [gwaravɪnˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]  
1 prohibition

ETYMOLOGY: (gwarafun-, stem of gwarafun = prohibit) + (-i-ad noun suffix)
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gwarag
<GWAA-rag> [ˡgwɑˑrag]  (m)
PLURAL gwaragau
<gwa-RAA-gai, -e> [gwaˡrɑˑgaɪ, -ɛ]  
1 (obsolete) loop, bow


ETYMOLOGY: Cornish gwarag (= bow), Breton gwarag (= bow)

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gwaraidd <GWAA-raidh, -edh> [ˡgwɑˑraɪð, -ɛð]  (m)
1 civilised

Dyledswydd Cymro a'i fath ddylai fod, i roddi amlygrwydd o'n rhagorion pan y crybwyllir am ein diffygion. Fel y crybwylla awdwr yr ysgrif arweiniol yn y Darian ddiweddaf, y mae ymddigiadau Cymry ein cymoedd yn fil mwy teilwng na'r dull a gymerir gan yr estroniaid a dryfrithant ein gwlad ar ein gwyliau, ac nid yw Cwm Rhondda ar ôl i un Cwm arall yn Nghymru yn y cyfeiriad moesol a gwaraidd, ond cymeryd y Cymry fel safon, ac nid anwariaid estronol.
The duty of 'Cymro' and his sort should be to highlight our good points when our failings are mentioned. As the writer of the leading article in the last 'Tarian' mentioned, the behaviour of the Welsh people of our valleys is a thousand times more dignified than that shown by the foreigners who swarm over our country on our feast days and Cwm Rhondda is not behind any other valley in Wales as regards morality and civilisation, taking the Welsh as the standard, and not foreign barbarians

Llith V, 1897 Tarian y Gweithiwr

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gwarant <GWAA-rant> [ˡgwɑˑrant]  (f)
PLURAL gwarantau
<gwa-RAN-tai, -e> [gwaˡrantaɪ, -ɛ]  
y warant = the guarantee

1 warrant

2 guarantee = written statement given when buying a product stating that the product will be trouble-free for a certain period of time; if not, it will be repaired free of charge or replaced

gwarant am ugain mlynedd a twenty-year guarantee

 

3 guarantee = thing which makes another thing certain (e.g. money is no guarantee of happiness)

4 guarantee = money etc handed over as pledge so that a promise or contract is not broken

5 guarantee = promise to pay the debt of another if he fails to pay
 
6 nid + bod yn warant o be no guarantee of
Mae'n ddrama-gyfres; ond ni ddylai hynny, er yn beth i'w groesawu, ddim bod yn warant
o ryddid rhag beirniadaeth

It’s a drama forming a series;  but that should not, though it is something to be welcomed, be a warrant to free it from critism

 
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwarant < (?English) < Anglo-French < Old French guarant < Germanic.

A present participle form (-end) of the Gemanic verb waren (= to warrant)
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gwarced  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwarcedion ‹ ›
1
remainder

ETYMOLOGY: ??

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gwarchae (1)  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwarchaeoedd ‹ ›
1
siege

Jeremeia 19:9 A mi a baraf iddynt fwyta cnawd eu meibion, a chnawd eu merched, bwytânt hefyd bob un gnawd ei gyfaill, yn y gwarchae a’r cyfyngder, â’r hwn y cyfynga eu gelynion, a’r rhai sdd yn ceisio eu heinioes, arnynt.
Jeremiah 19:19 And I will cause them to eat the flesh of their sons and the flesh of their daughters, and they shall eat every one the flesh of his friend in the siege and straitness, wherewith their enemies, and they that seek their lives, shall straiten them.

Deuteronomium 28:55 Rhag rhoddi i un ohonynt o gig ei feibion, y rhai a fwyty efe; o eisiau gado iddo ddim yn y gwarchae ac yn y cyfyngdra, â’r hwn y cyfynga dy elyn arnat o fewn dy holl byrth.
Deuteronomy 28:55 So that he will not give to any of them of the flesh of his children whom he shall eat: because he hath nothing left him in the siege, and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemies shall distress thee in all thy gates.

2
cadw gwarchae ar maintain under siege

3 gwarchae yn erbyn a siege against

Sechareia 12:2 Wele fi yn gwneuthur Jerwsalwm yn ffiol gwsg i’r bobloedd oll o amgylch, pan fyddont yn y gwarchae yn erbyn Jwda, ac yn erbyn Jerwsalem
Zechariah 12:2 Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all the people round about, when they shall be in the siege both against Judah and against Jerusalem

4 bod dan warchae be under siege, be besieged

y rhai dan warchae the besieged, the besieged population

(obsolete) bod yng ngwarchae be under siege, be besieged

Brenhinoedd-2 25:1 Ac yn y nawfed flwyddyn o’i deyrnasiad ef, yn y degfed mis, ar y degfed dydd o’r mis, y daeth Nebuchodonosor brenin Babilon, efe a’i holl lu, yn erbyn Jerwsalem, ac a wersyllodd yn ei herbyn hi, a hwy a adeilasant yn ei herbyn hi wrthglawdd o’i hamgylch hi (25:2) A bu y ddinas yng ngwarchae hyd yr unfed flwyddyn ar ddeg i’r brenin Sedeceia
Kings-2 25:1 And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came, he, and all his host, against Jerusalem, and pitched against it: and they built forts against it round about. (25:2) And the city was besieged unto the eleventh
year of king Zedekiah.

5 torri gwarchae to break a siege

6 codi gwarchae ar to raise the siege on, give up trying to make a place capitulate by besieging it 

7 (county of Dinbych) pound, fold, pinfold

ETYMOLOGY: (gwar prefix = on) + spirant mutation + (cae = to close)

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gwarchae (2)  ‹ › verb
1
gwarchae ar besiege, place under siege, beleaguer  ‹ ›
gwarchae ar dref lay siege to a town, besiege a town

Daniel 1:1 Yn y drydedd flwyddyn o deyrnasiad Jehoiacim brenin Jwda, y daeth Nebuchodonosor brenin Babilon i Jerwsalem, ac a warchaeodd arni.
Daniel 1:1 In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah came Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon unto Jerusalem, and besieged it.

ETYMOLOGY: verb from the noun gwarchae (= siege)

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gwarchod
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to guard
2 llynges warchod escort fleet

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gwarchodfa, PLURAL gwarchodféydd
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
reserve, sanctuary
y warchodfa the sanctuary

ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchod-, stem of gwarchod (= look after, guard) +
 soft mutation + (ma = place)

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gwarchodfa adar, gwarchodféydd adar
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
bird sanctuary
y warchodfa adar the bird sanctuary

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gwarchodlu [ gwar- khod -li] (m)
PLURAL: gwarchodluoedd  [ gwar-khod-lii-oidh -odh]
1 garrison = troops who guard a fort 

ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchod-, stem of gwarchod (= look after, guard) +  soft mutation + (llu = band of people)

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gwared
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to get rid of, to get shot of

2 save, rescue; take from a situation where there is danger, the possibility of injury or death

Un o'r rhai fu yn ei waredu o'r dwfr ydoedd Rhobet Wiliam, Ty Pella
One of the people who took part in rescuing him from the water was Rhobet Wiliam, of Ty Pella (far house)

gwared rhàg angau save from death

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gwared
1
See gwaered = slope

NOTE: gwaered > gwared through the simplification of the diphthong ae ‹EI› [əɪ] > a ‹A› [a]

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gwaredigaeth <gwa-re-DII-gaith, -eth> [gwarɛˡdgaɪθ]   (f)
PLURAL gwaredigaethau
<gwa-re-di-GEI-thai, -e> [gwarɛdɪˑˡgəɪθaɪ, -ɛ]   

1 salvation, deliverance; = rescue from a bad situation, solving of problems
Rhaid i’r Cymry wneud pethau drosom ein hunain ac nid disgwyl am waredigaeth gan y Cynulliad a’r Cynghorau Sir
As Welsh people we must do things ourselves and not expect salvation from the Welsh Assembly and the County Councils

Eleri Carrog, sefydlydd brwd a gweithgar Cefn, yn dweud fod yn rhaid
i'r Cymry wneud pethau drosom ein hunain ac nid disgwyl am waredigaeth gan y Saeson ac eraill
Cymro 13 12 89

Eleri Carrog, the enthusiastic founder of Cefn, says we Welsh must do things for ourselves and not expect salvation form the English and others

2 (Chrisitianity) salvation, deliverance; removal from the influence of sin

ETYMOLOGY: (gwaredig = saved) + (-aeth suffix for forming nouns)

gwaredig
(= saved) < (gwared- stem of gwaredu = get rid of, literally ‘under-run’) + (-edig past-participle suffix)

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gwaredol <gwa-REE-dol> [ˡgwareˑdɔl] adjective
1
redeeming, saving
gwendid gwaredol a redeeming vice

2 dispositionary
prydles waredol gyntaf dispositionary first lease

ETYMOLOGY: (gwared-, stem of gwaredu (= get rid of, literally ‘under-run’) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

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gwaredu <gwa-REE-di> [gwaˡreˑdɪ] verb
NOTE: also in the form gwared
 
1
Christianity save, redeem, deliver; rescue from evil
gwared rhag... deliver from..., redeem from...
gwared ni rhag drwg deliver us from evil
gwared (rhywun) rhàg angau save (someone) from death

Daniel 3:17, 18 Wele, y mae ein Duw ni, yr hwn yr ydym ni yn ei addoli yn abl i’n gwared ni allan o’r ffwrn danllyd boerth, ac efe a’n gwared ni o’th law di, o frenin.
Ac onid e, bydded hysbys i ti, frenin, ni addolwn dy dduwiau...
Daniel 3:17, 18 If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of thine hand, O king. But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve they gods...

Mae rhywrai wedi galw ar i ni fabwysiadu bara lawr fel un o’n prydau cenedlaethol ond Duw a’n gwaredo rhag y fath beth
Some people have urged us to adopt laver bread as one of our national meals but God save us from such a fate! (“from such a thing”)

2 save from, deliver from, rescue from; take from a situation where there is danger, the possibility of injury or death

Un o’r rhai fu yn ei waredu o’r dwfr ydoedd Rhobet Wiliam, Ty Pella
One of the people who took part in rescuing him from the water was Rhobet Wiliam, of Ty Pella (far house)

Esboniad ar y Beibl Sanctaidd, Owen Jones, Wyddgrug, 1840:
SALM LXXVI. Hwyrach i'r Salm hon gael ei hysgrifenu pan waredwyd Jerusalem oddiwrth Senacherib.
SALM LXXVI. Maybe this Psalm was written when Jerusalem was delivered from Senacherib

3 there are many oaths with gwaredu
A’n gwaredo oll! (“may God save us all”)
Duw a’n gwaredo ni God save us!
Duw a’n gwaredo rhag y fath beth God save us from such a thing!
Gwared ni! (“may we be saved”)
Gwared ni rhag drwg (“may we be saved from evil”)
Gwared pawb! (“may everybody by saved “)
Gwared y gwirion! North Wales (“may the innocent one be saved”)
Gwared ’y nghalon i! Arfon, county of Gwynedd (“may my heart be saved”)
Y Nef a’n gwaredo ni (“may heaven save us”)
Y nefoedd a’m gwaredo! Heaven help me! (“may heaven save me”)

4 South Wales get rid of,
to get shot of, dispose of, remove to
Rhaid gadael y mwyar duon dros nos mewn dwr â halen. Mater bach wedyn yn y bore yw gwaredu cyrff y cynrhon gyda’r dŵr i lawr drwy dwll y sinc
The blackberries should be left overnight in salt and water. It’s a small matter then in the morning to get rid of the dead maggots (‘the bodies of the maggots’) with water down the plughole

taflu hen lyfrau i bentwr ar lawr i’w gwaredu throwing old books onto a pile on the floor to throw them out

gwaredu ysbwriel <ə-SBUR-yel> [əˡsbʊrjɛl] (m)
1 refuse disposal, waste disposal
cerbyd gwared 'sbwriel rubbish lorry

5 remove, take out
Mae wraemia yn dod yn sgil methiant ar ran yr arennau i waredu’r wrea o’r corff
Uraemia results from the failure of the kidneys to remove urea from the body

6 South Wales put down (an animal), have (an animal) put down
Bu raid i ni waredu’r hen gath
We had to have the old cat put down

7 kill
Rhaid gwaredu cymaint o’r gelyn ag a allwn, meddai’r cadno
We must kill as many of the enemy as we can, said the fox

8
North Wales
gwaredu rhag... in expressions of surprise - what a...
Gwaredu rhag y fath wastraff! What a waste!

In North Wales, the use of gwaredu to express surprise has developed from the phrase Duw a’n gwaredo ni! (may God save us)


9 North Wales gwaredu at be astonished at, be surprised at
Rw i’n gwaredu atoch chi’n meddwl y fath beth!
I’m astonished that you think such a thing!

10 North Wales gwaredu be shocked at, be appalled at

11 North Wales gwaredu at deplore = show strong disapproval

13 anwared- obsolete = imitate (an = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (gwared = to save)

14 dynwared (modern Welsh) = imitate

(dy = intensifying prefix) + (anwared = imitate
(obsolete in modern Welsh))

anwared is
(an intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (gwared = to save)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwared (= ‘under-run’), < gwored (gwo- = under) + soft mutation + (rhed = run) < British wo-ret- (wo- is from Celtic < *uop-)

With the same structure: Latin succurrere (= to run to give help); (sub = under) + (currere = to run)
This is the origin of English succor (Englandic: succour) < French sucurir < Latin succurrere

gwaredu is (gwared) + (-u verbal suffix)


Cornish gwerez (= to help), Breton gwarediñ (= to help) 
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gwaredwr
<gwa-REE-dur> [gwaˡreˑdʊr] verb masculine noun
PLURAL gwaredwyr
<gwa-RED-wir> [gwaˡrɛdwɪr]
1
saviour, redeemer

2
Y Gwaredwr the Saviour
helaethu teyrnas y Gwaredwr
extend the kingdom of the Saviour, spread the Gospel


ymgyflwyno’n hollol i waith yr Arglwydd, byw yn sanctaidd, ac ymdrechu gyda phob diwydrwydd i helaethu teyrnas y Gwaredwr

dedicate oneself entirely to the work of the Lord, live a holy life, and endeavour with all one’s might (“one’s diligence”) to extend the kingdom of the Saviour

gwaredwr gwastraff cofrestredig registered waste-disposal agent

ETYMOLOGY: (gwared-, stem of gwaredu = to save) + (-wr suffix = man)
NOTE: The Gaulish name
Voretovir- coresponds to Welsh gwaredwr

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gwareiddiad <gwa-REIDH-yad> [gwaˡrəɪðjad] (m)
PLURAL gwareiddiadau <gwa-reidh-YAA-dai, -e> [gwarəɪðˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]

1 civilisation = advanced state of social development

2 civilisation = society with a complex structure (eg administration, law,
culture)

3 civilisation = nation or people with such a society

4 civilisation = way of life of a people, or characteristic of a period

5 civilisation = intellectual and cultural development

6 civilisation = populated area contrasted with a desert, or a sparsely-populated area

ETYMOLOGY: (gwareidd- < gwaraidd = civilised) + (-iad noun suffix)

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gwareiddiedig
<gwa-reidh-YEE-dig> [gwarəɪðˡjeˑdɪg] (adj)
1 civilised

pobl waraiddedig civilised people

ETYMOLOGY: (gwareidd- < gwaraidd = civilised) + (-i-edig past participle suffix)
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gwareiddio
<gwa-REIDH-yo> [gwaˡrəɪðjɔ] (v)
1 civilise
2 become civilised

ETYMOLOGY: (gwareidd- < gwaraidd = civilised) + (-i-o verb suffix)
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gwareiddiol
<gwa-REIDH-yol> [gwaˡrəɪðjɔl]  (adj)
1 civilising

ETYMOLOGY: (gwareidd- < gwaraidd = civilised) + (-i-ol adjectival suffix)
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gwaren
<GWAA-ren> [ˡgwaˑrɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL gwarenau, gwarenod, gwarenoeddn
<gwa-REE-nai, -e, nod, -noidh, -nodh> [gwaˡreˑnaɪ, –ɛ, -ɔd, -ɔɪð, -ɔð]

1 rabbit warren
y waren the warren
y cwningod yn eu gwaren the rabbits in their warren

2 warren – game preserve, enclosed place for breeding game animals and birds

3 Ysgubor y Waren place in Sant-y-brid (county of Bro Morgannwg) (“(the) barn (of) the warren”)

ETYMOLOGY: English warren < Norman < Germanic; cf German bewahren (= to keep, to preserve)

As with other loans from English a g- is prefixed since an initial w- is more typical of soft-mutated forms (cf gwal = English “wall”, gwast = waste, gwast = waist, etc)

NOTE: The word is sometimes seen with double ‘r’ – gwarren / warren – but this is a spelling considered less correct than gwaren / waren

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gwargaled <gwar-GAA-led> [gwarˡgaˑlɛd] adjective
1
stubborn, stiffnecked, obstinate

Exodus 32:9
Yr ARGLWYDD hefyd a ddywedodd wrth Moses, Gwelais y bobl hyn; ac wele, pobl wargaled ydynt
Exodus 32:9 And the LORD said unto Moses, I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiffnecked people.

ffolineb gwargaled mwyafrif y swyddogion the stubborn foolishness of the majority of officials

ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = nape of neck ) + soft mutation + (caled = hard)

:_______________________________.

gwargaledwch <gwar-ga-LEE-dukh> [ˡgwargaleˑdʊx] masculine noun
1
stubbornness, obstinacy

ETYMOLOGY: (gwargaled = stubborn, obstinate) + (-wch suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

gwargam <GWAR-gam> [ˡgwargam] adjective
1
stooped, stooping, with a stoop, with head and shoulders bent forward

Cerddai Morgan yn wargam Morgan walked with a stoop

2
gwargemi curvature of the spine

3
Mae’n fingul, mae’n fongam, mae’n wargul, mae’n wyrgam description of a bridge by Edward Richard, Ystradmeuirg 1803 (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary t300)
It is narrow-edged, it is bandy-leggèd (= one of the bases is out of position), it is narrow-humped, it is leaning to one side

ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = nape of neck ) + soft mutation + (cam = crooked)

:_______________________________.

gwarged
<GWAR-ged> [ˡgwargɛd]
 feminine noun
PLURAL gwargedion
<gwar-GED-yon> [gwarˡgɛdjɔn]
1 (South Wales) remainder, rest, leavings; surplus
y warged the remainder
cadw gwarged y cig i’r ci keep the rest of the meat for the dog

Nid digon heb warged Sufficiency is only achieved when there is something left over
Ni fu digonedd heb wargedion Enough is only enough when there are leftovers (Diarhebion Merthyr, 1895)

digon a gwarged enough and to spare

2
(South Wales) gwarged angau a pile of bones (“(a) remnant (of) death”)
Also: gwarged yr angau

ETYMOLOGY: gwarged < gwargred < gworgred
(prefix gwor = excess, over-) + soft mutation + (an unknown element cred)

There is dissimulation (R – R) > (R – zero) gwargred > gwarged, as in the name Margred (= Margaret) > Marged

NOTE: south-east Wales gwarged > gwarcad; gwargedion > gwarcetion



(delw 7500)
:_______________________________.

gwargemi
<gwar-GE-mi> [gwarˡgɛmɪ] masculine noun
1
curvature of the spine, stooped posture

ETYMOLOGY: (gwargam = stooped) + soft mutation + (-i suffix for forming abstract nouns) (causes change in the penultimate vowel a > e – vowel affection)

:_______________________________.

gwargrwm <GWAR-grum> [ˡgwargrʊm] (adj)
1 round-shouldered

2 hunched
Eisteddai yn wargrwm wrth y tân He was sitting hunched by the fire

ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = nape of the neck, back of the neck ) + soft mutation + (crwm = bent )

:_______________________________.

gwariant
<GWAR-yant> [ˡgwarjant] (m)
1 expenditure, outlay

ETYMOLOGY: (gwari- stem of gwario = to spend) + (-ant noun suffix )

:_______________________________.

gwarineb
<gwa-RII-neb> [ gwaˡriˑnɛb] (m)
1 mildness, gentleness 
 ETYMOLOGY: (gwâr = civilised) + (-i-neb noun suffix)
:_______________________________.

gwario
<GWAR-yo> [ˡgwarjɔ] (verb)

1
to spend (money)

gwario swllt er ennill ceiniog penny wise and pound foolish (“spending a shilling to gain a penny”)

Chewch chi mo’ni hi faint bynnag o arian ’wariwch chi
You won’t get it no matter how much money you spend

gwario’n ddiarbed spare no expense (“spend ceaselessly”)
gwario’n hael spend generously

gwario ar to spend on

Y mae Lloegr yn gwario – hynny yw, yn gwastraffu - milfiliynau o bunnau bob blwyddyn ar amddiffyn

England spends – that is, wastes - billions of pounds every year on defence

gwario ei arian ar ddiod spend his money on drink

2 (m), expenditure, spending


Dydi hynna ddim yn swnio fel rhyw wario call iawn i mi

That doesn’t sound like very wise spending to me

...a cheid to newydd o ddarllenwyr yn mhlith rhai na wariasant efallai geinog ar lyfr o'r blaen. Tarian Y Gweithiwr 24 12 1908  ...and there was a new generation of readers among those who had maybe not spent a penny on books previously

:_______________________________.

gwarodau
<gwa-ROO-dai, -e> [gwaˡroˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 plural form of gwarrod (= a blow to the neck, a beating on the neck)
:_______________________________.

gwarogaeth
<gwa-ROO-gaith, -geth> [gwaˡroˑgaɪθ, -ɛθ] feminine noun
PLURAL gwarogaethau
<gwa-ro-GEI-thai, -the> [gwaroˡgəɪθaɪ, -ɛ]

1
homage, loyalty
y warogaeth the homage

Addoliad y llu teyrngarol, a’u gwarogaeth i’r Hollallu Dwyfol.
(Eben Fardd / Yr Adgyfodiad / Y Traethodydd / 1851 tudalen 34)
The devotion of the loyal host, and their homage to the Godly Almighty

ETYMOLOGY: form of gwrogaeth (= homage) influenced by the word gwarrog (= stooping, hunched)

 :_______________________________.

gwarrau
<GWA-rai, -e> [ˡgwaraɪ, -ɛ]
1 plural form of gwar (= nape of the neck)
:_______________________________.

gwarrod
<GWA-rod> [ˡgwarɔd] (m)
PLURAL gwarodau
<gwa-ROO-dai, -e> [gwaˡroˑdaɪ, -ɛ]

(South-west Wales)
1 a blow to the neck, a beating on the neck

Derbyniodd y warrod orau a gafodd ci erióed

He got a beating the like of which no dog had ever had before

ETYMOLOGY: gwarrod < gwarrawd < (gwar = nape of the neck, back of the neck) + (-awd = noun suffix, indicating an impact)

:_______________________________.
 
gwarrog
·1
<GWA-rog> [ˡgwarɔg] (f)
PLURAL gwarogau
<gwa-ROO-gai, -e> [gwaˡroˑgaɪ, -ɛ]

1 stoop, hunched position

2 (North Wales) blow across the shoulders

3 yoke (also figurative)

4 (county of Môn) yoke for carrying buckets of water

5 (adj) stooping, hunched
 
6 (adj) (South-east Wales) sly

ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = nape of the neck, back of the neck) + (-og = adjectival suffix, noun suffix)
 
:_______________________________.

gwarth
<GWARTH> [gwarθ] (masculine noun)

1 shame = painful feeling from having done something dishonourable or laughable; opprobium = disgrace after some action

cyhoeddi’ch gwarth eich hun to cry stinking fish (“make public your own shame”);
to complain about or speak critically about one’s own job, family, friends, etc, or one’s own limitations, errors, misdeeds

dwyn gwarth ar bring shame on, be a disgrace to
tynnu gwarth ar
to shame

2 shame = ability to feel this
di-gywilydd shameless

3 disgrace = shameful action
Gwarth penderfyniad cartref Dr. Price The shame of the decision on the home of Dr. Price (i.e. a shameful decision to demolish the house of Dr. William Price)
(Cymro 25 12 96)

4 disgrace,
dishonour = shameful object
Mae’r cerflun newydd yn warth The new sculpture is a disgrace

Mae strydoedd llawer o'n trefi yn warth ar gymdeithas The streets of many of our towns are a disgrace to our society


:_______________________________.

gwarthaf, gwarthafion
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
top, summit

:_______________________________.

gwartheg
 ‹ › (plural noun)
1
cattle

2
lleidr gwartheg cattle thief, rustler

3
ffender wartheg PLURAL ffenderi gwartheg cowcatcher = device on the front of a locomotive – metal frame set at an angle – to clear obstructions from the track

4 sioe wartheg PLURAL sioeau gwartheg cattle show

- gwartheg duon Cymreig
 ‹ › (plural noun) Welsh black cattle

- gwartheg Ffrisia
 ‹ › (plural noun) Frisian cattle

- gwartheg Gernsi
 ‹ › (plural noun) Guernsey cattle

- gwartheg Henffordd
 ‹ › (plural noun) Hereford cattle

- gwartheg Jersi
 ‹ › (plural noun) Jersy cattle

:_______________________________.

gwarthnodi  ‹ › verb
1
brand, cause to be regarded with contempt

ETYMOLOGY: (gwarthnod = mark of shame) + (-i suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

gwarthrudd  ‹ › masculine or feminine noun
1
(obsolete) disgrace, dishonour, shame, ignominy

y gwarthrudd / y warthrudd the disgrace

Salmau 57:3 Efe a enfyn o’r nefoedd, ac a’m gwared oddi wrth warthrudd yr hwn a’m llyncai. Sela. Denfyn Duw ei drugaredd a’i wirionedd.
Psalms 57:3 He shall send from heaven, and save me from the reproach of him that would swallow me up. Selah. God shall send forth his mercy and his truth.

ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (gwarth = shame, disgrace) + soft mutation + (rhudd = red)

:_______________________________.

gwas  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gweision ‹ ›
Also the diminutive form gwesyn
1
servant, manservant; page boy = boy servant

2
person with a specified task (sometimes with the soft-mutated form –was as a second element in a compound word):
caethwas slave (caeth = bound)
heddwas policeman, heddferch policewoman (hedd = peace)
gwas negesau, negeswas = errand boy, messenger
gwas cegin / gweision cegin kitchen hand / kitchen hands

3
attendant, employee; mate = assistant to a tradesman
gwas adeiladwr builder’s mate
gwas plymiwr plumber’s mate

4
farm labourer, farm boy
gwas fferm farm hand
Formerly often with the name of the farm where one was employed:
gwas y Gilfach the servant from Gilfach farm
gwas bach youngest farm servant; least important servant

5
(South-east Wales) boy, lad (archaic: swain)
gŵr ne’ wääs (gŵr neu was) a man or a boy ;
gwŷr a gw’ison (gwŷr a gweision) men and boys

6
servant = animal in the service of a human
Gwas ffyddlon a chwbl anhepgorol oedd y ceffyl
The horse was a faithful and indespensable servant

7
servant = animal in the service of another animal, in certain animal names
...(1) gwas y neidr (“(the) servant (of) the snake”) dragonfly
...(2) North Wales gwas y gog Prunella modularis = hedge sparrow
(“(the) servant (of) the cuckoo”) standard name: llwyd y gwrych (“grey bird (of) the hedge”)

8
digrifwas fool = jester, person paid to amuse by acting the fool, buffoon

9
harbinger, herald, forerunner; announcer of the arrival of someone
Niwl y gaea, gwas yr eira; niwl yr ha, gwas da
”Winter mist, a herald of snow; summer mist, a good herald”

10
gillie = sportsman’s guide in hunting and fishing

11
gwas yr Arglwydd servant of the Lord

Salmau 103:1 Molwch yr Arglwydd, Gweision yr Arglwydd, molwch, ie, molwch enw yr Arglwydd.
Psalm 113:1 Praise ye the Lord. Praise, O ye servants of the Lord, praise the name of the Lord.

Josua 24:29 Ac wedi’r pethau hyn, y bu farw Josua mab Nun, gwas yr Arglwydd, yn fab dengmlwydd a chant
Joshua 24:29 And it came to pass after these things, that Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the Lord, died, being an hundred and ten years old.

13
gweision siop shop assistants: to specify, dyn siop = shop assistant (male), merch siop = shop assistant (female)

rhai byr eu cymwynas yw’r rhan fwyaf o weision cownteri’r swyddfa bost
the majority of the post office counter assistants are not very helpful

14
address: fy ngwas i (= mate, my friend) (North-west Wales – wash i)

da ngwas i (congratulation) well done, my friend

ngwas i (1) used threateningly – my good fellow, mate, etc (2) used in commiserating: you poor thing

wasi (vocative form) mate, young man

gad iddo, wasi drop the subject, mate

wasi < fy ngwas i  ‹ › = my young man (fy = el meu) + nasal mutation + (gwas = young man, servant) + (i = (of) me)

15 address: was (= mate, my friend) (soft mutation of gwas; g > ZERO)
North-west Wales (with a short vowel) wàs ‹ ›; also ‹ ›

Paid â phoeni, wàs Don’t worry, mate
Sometimes heard in use by the English Welsh – for example, in south-east Wales as ‘wuss’
(How are things, wuss?)

washi  ‹ ›
(North Wales) < fy ngwas i = my lad
da iawn, washi very good, my lad

16
Also was in addressing a dog, a horse, etc
Tyd, wàs! Come, boy!

17
Pwy oedd dy was di llynedd?; (“who was your servant last year?”) said to someone who is bossy to others, to someone who orders other people around (GPC)

18
(extreme poverty) mor dlawd â gwas y clochydd as poor as the sexton’s servant

19
gwesyn = ‘little servant’
Afon Gwesyn SN 8554 = river in Brycheiniog, which flows into the river Irfon. The name could refer to its status as a tributary, as a servant aiding his master.

Abergwesyn SN 8552 village 7 km north of Llanwrtud, where the Gwesyn stream flows into the river Irfon

20
(North Wales) yr Hen Was the devil

21
names of objects for various purposes
(South-east Wales) gwas bôn (“servant (of a) base”) support for a gate hinge
(South-west Wales) gwas dirwyn (“servant (of) winding”) winder of a spinning wheel

22
gwas y shiriff (Sir Benfro) (“(the) attendant (of) the sheriff”) goldfinch

23
gwas priodas best man

24
gwas cyflog hired man

dw i ddim ond gwas cyflog I’m only doing my job (“I’m just a hired servant” – i.e. I can only do what I’ve been told to do)

25
gwas ystafell chamberlain

26
gwas stabl stable boy, stable lad

27
wythnos gwas newydd honeymoon period, initial period of a changed situation when there is goodwill and no conflict (“(the) week of (a) new servant / farmhand”)

28
Anwas man’s name (obsolete) = agitated; (an = negative prefix) + soft mutation + (gwas = man); cf Irish anfais (= commotion)

29
gŵr neu was “man or lad”
(gŵr = man) + (neu = or) + soft mutation + (gwas = lad)

30 oferwas rake, wastrel
(ofer = futile, useless) + soft mutation + ( gwas = lad)

..a/ (Welsh Laws) man who is elegible to be a compurgator (testifier of a person's innocence - from an old court procedure where an accused person is acquitted if enough people can be found who will swear to his innocence); man of distinction;
..b/ (South-east Wales) gẃrnewas ‹ ›, gwrnewâs  ‹ › man, youth

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwas < *gwos < British *wost < Celtic *so-sto < Indo-European *upo-stho (= one who stands under) || (upo = under) + (stho = stands)

From the same British root: Cornish gwas (= servant), Breton gwas (= man, husband, servant)

From the same Indoeuropean root: Sanskrit upa-sthâna-m (= service), vástu (= house)

Also from Celtic:
(1) vassal < Old French < Medieval Latin vassallus < vassus (= servant) + (-allus suffix); vass(us) < Celtic

(2) cf valet < French valet < vaslet (= page) < vas- (vassus Latin < Gaulish) (= servant) + (-let diminutive suffix)

:_______________________________.

gwasaidd  ‹ › adjective
1
servile
Nid oedd ei larieidd-dra yn peri iddo fod yn feddal a gwasaidd.
His gentleness did not make him (“did not cause him to be”) soft and servile

Prin yr haerai'r Sais-addolwr mwyaf gwasaidd fod hyn yn wir
Even the most servile worshipper of the English would not claim this (to be true)

2
gwaseidd-dra servility

ETYMOLOGY: (gwas = lad; servant) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

gwasanaeth, gwasanaethau
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
service
at eich gwasanaeth
at your service
2
service = act of public worship

:_______________________________.

gwasanaeth capel
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
chapel service

:_______________________________.

gwasanaeth eglwys
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
church service

:_______________________________.

gwasanaeth sifil
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
civil service

:_______________________________.

gwas'naethu or gwasnaethu  ‹ ›
1
to serve; a form of gwasanaethu ‹ ›
Yr emyn oedd hwn: “Mewn bywyd mae gwasnaethu Duw...”
This was the hymn: “In life there is serving God”


:_______________________________.

gwasanaethu
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to serve
2
gwasanaethu yn y fyddin serve in the army

:_______________________________.

gwas bach
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
minor servant; dogsbody

:_______________________________.

gwas fferm, gweision ffermydd
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
farmhand

:_______________________________.

gwasg, gweisg
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
press (for making cider, etc); press (= for printing)
y wasg the press
cynhadledd i'r wasg press conference = (esp politicians, police) meeting with the press or other mass media to give information

:_______________________________.

gwasgfa  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwasgféydd ‹ ›
1
(North Wales) fit
y wasgfa the fit
cael gwasgfa have a fit

2 pang
gwasgfa angau = death-pangs
gwasgfa esgor = birth-pangs
gwasgfa cydwybod a pang of conscience, the pangs of conscience

3 oppression, affliction

4 pressure = squeeze, force which compels

5 hardship,
yr oedd yn wasgfa ryfeddol arni
she was suffering tremendous hardship

6 (action) crush, squeeze

ETYMOLOGY: (gwasg-, root of gwasgu = to squeeze, to press) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)

:_______________________________.

gwasg lemon
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
lemon squeezer

:_______________________________.

gwasgod, gwasgodau
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
waistcoat
y wasgod the waistcoat

:_______________________________.

gwasgu
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to press
2 gwasgu i squeeze into
cawson nhw eu gwasgu i’r stafell fechan they were squeezed into the small room

:_______________________________.

gwasgydd  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwasgyddion ‹ ›
1
squeezer
gwasgydd lemwn lemon squeezer

ETYMOLOGY: (gwasg-, root of gwasgu = to squeeze, to press) + (-ydd suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

gwastad
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
flat, even

2
anwastad uneven (an- = negative prefix) + soft mutation + (gwastad = flat, even)
llawr pridd anwastad an uneven earthen floor

3 mor wastad â thalcen iâr as flat as a pancake (“as flat as (the) forehead (of a ) hen”)

4
chwalu yn wastad â’r llawr raze to the ground


:_______________________________.

gwastad ‹GWA stad  ‹ › (adjective)
PLURAL gwastadoedd, gwastadau

1 level, flat = flat even surface

2 level place

3 plain

4 valley floor

5 gwastadau flats
gwastadau llaid mudflats

6 place names:
..1 Y Gwastad, Bowstrit (Ceredigion) (“the flat ground”)
..2 Gwastad y Borth (Ceredigion) (“the flat ground of Y Borth”)

7 the flat of one's back
ar eich gwastad (lying) flat on your back, (lying) on your back, (lying) face up
ar wastad eich cefn (lying) flat on your back, (lying) on your back, (lying) face up

Yr oedd yn gorwedd ar wastad ei gefn ar fwrdd y gegin

He was lying on his back on the kitchen table, he was lying face up on the kitchen table

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh GWÁSTAD < *GWASTÁD < British *GWASTÁT-OS


:_______________________________.

gwastatäwr  ‹ ›
masculine noun
PLURAL gwastatwyr ‹ ›
1
leveller
Angau y Gwastatäwr Mawr Death the Great Leveller

:_______________________________.

gwastraff  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwastraffion ‹ ›
1 waste

2 gwastraff ar a waste of
Mae dyfrháu’r lawnt yn wastraff ar ddŵr gwerthfawr Watering the lawn is a waste of valuable water

3 waste = extravagance, frivilous spending

4 waste = unproductive effort

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English
Cf Lowlandic (Germanic language of Scotland), which has gwastrife (= wastefulness, extravagance)

:_______________________________.

gwastraffu
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to waste

:_______________________________.

gwastrawd  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwastrodion ‹ ›
1
groom, stableman
2
equerry = officer who looks after a prince's or king's horses

ETYMOLOGY: possibly gwás-strawd < gwas-ýstrawd < (gwas = lad, servant) + (*ystrawd = saddle, < Latin strâtum = saddle)

:_______________________________.

gwa’th ‹ ›
1 southern form of gwaeth (= worse)
Usually spelt (less correctly) gwâth
See aa / gwaath

:_______________________________.

gwatwar  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwatwarau, gwatwarion ‹ ›
1
mockery, scorn, derision, taunt

ETYMOLOGY: stem of the verb gwatwar

:_______________________________.

gwau
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to knit

:_______________________________.

gwaun, gweunydd
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
moorland meadow
y waun the meadow

2
y Waun Bodr (place name) the barren moorland meadow
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (gwaun = prat, erm) + soft mutation + (podr feminine form of pwdr = rotten; barren, poor)

:_______________________________.

Gwaun  ‹ › feminine noun
1
Afon Gwaun
SN 0034 = river in Dyfed; local form Afon Gweun ‹ ›

2
Aber-gwaun town at the estuary of the Gwaun river.
Local name: Aber-gweun ‹ ›. English name: Fishguard

ETYMOLOGY: (aber = estuary) + (Gwaun name of river)

:_______________________________.

gwawdlun  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwawdluniau ‹ ›
1
caricature
gwawdlun o Dylan Thomas mewn tafarn yn Llundain
a caricature of Dylan Thomas in a pub in London

ETYMOLOGY: (gwawd = derision, mockery) + soft mutation + (llun = picture)

:_______________________________.

gwawr  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwawroedd ‹ ›
1
dawn
y wawr the dawn
gwawrddydd dawn (literary word)
gyda’r wawr at dawn
o wawr hyd fachlud from dawn to dusk
Merched y Wawr Welsh women’s organisation (“(the) daughters (of) the dawn”)

2
brightness

3
hue, tint, nuance, soupçon
petalau gwynion a gwawr binc arnynt
white petals tinged with pink (“and a pink tinge on them”)

4
(obsolete) leader, chief

5
(obsolete) hero

6
(obsolete) princess, lady, maiden

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic < Indo-European *awes- (= to shine).
Welsh gwawr corresponds to Irish fáir (= sunrise, dawn)
Cf from this same IE root
..1/ Latin aurôra (1) dawn, (2) Aurora – goddess of the dawn,
..2/ Greek eos (1) dawn, (2) Eos, goddess of the dawn;

:_______________________________.

Gwawr
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
woman’s name (= dawn)

:_______________________________.

gwawrio
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to dawn

:_______________________________.

gwddf, gyddfau
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
neck

2 throat
Glynodd
asgwrn yn ei wddf A bone lodged in his throat

3 gyddfdorch torque = necklace made of twisted metal, usually gold, worn by the ancient Celts and Germans (gyddf-, penult form of gwddf = neck) + soft mutation + (torch = torque, neckalce of twisted gold, etc)

:_______________________________.

gwddw, gyddfau
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
neck (North)

Gwddw Glas locality in Penmaen-Mawr (apparently called by the English in the area ‘Green Gorge’, either a spontaneous coining, or a semi-translation from Welsh)

:_______________________________.

gwddwg  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwddwgau ‹ ›
1 (South Wales) neck

2 Mae gwddwg tost gyda fi I’ve got a sore throat

2 The waterfall known in English as “Water-Break-Its -Neck” in Coed y Gwningar / Warren Wood SO186598 Maesyfed / New Radnor (SO2160) is “Dŵr-Torri-Gwddwg” according to a Forestry Commission webpage (2005-10-03)

(I am uncertain whether this is a traditional form, though more likely it is a translation of the English name. If it is a translation, is it an official form? Any information?)

http://www.forestry.gov.uk/website/wildwoods.nsf/LUwebDocsByKey/WalesPowysMaesyfedRadnorCoedwigWarrenCoedwigWarrenWelsh

NOTE: See gwddf, the literary form of this word

:_______________________________.

gwdechwdd  ‹ › masculine noun
1
obsolete; South-east Wales evening. See godechwydd
:_______________________________.

gwe, gyddfau
 ‹ › (femininen noun)
1
web
y we = the web

2 anwe
(an = in ) + soft mutation + (gwe = weft, weave); Breton anve, Irish inneach (=weft, weave)
woof, weft; (in an upright loom) the horizontal threads, at right angles to the warp (vertical threads) ystof ac anwe warp and woof; weave, structure
gwe ac anwe warp and woof; weave,

:_______________________________.

gwe- ‹ ›
1 a form of the prefix gwo- (= under)
gwo- had a variant gwa-; where it preceded a syllable with “i” or “y” it became gwe- (the change a > e is an example of vowel affection)

..a/ gwregys (= belt)
(gwo- / gwa-) + soft mutation + (crys = shirt, sash)

..b/ gwegil (= back of the neck)
(gwo- / gwa-) + soft mutation + (cil = back part)

..c/ gwehilion (= worthless corn, chaff; the dregs of society)
(gwo- / gwa-) + (hil = seed; modern Welsh it is seed only metaphorically - seed, issue, descendants, progeny, lineage); older Welsh ) + (ion plural suffix)

:_______________________________.

gwead, gweadau
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
weave
2
(garment)
llac ei wead loose woven
clos ei wead close woven

:_______________________________.

gwedd (1)  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gweddau ‹ ›
1
aspect, appearance, look
y wedd the appearance
newid eich gwedd change your appearance, disguise oneself

2
ar ei newydd wedd in its new guise, the new-look
Bu dathliadau mawr yn Llanuwchllyn dros y Flwyddyn Newydd pan agorwyd y neuadd bentref ar ei newydd wedd
There were big celebrations in Llanuwchllyn over New Year when the new-look village hall was opened

3
gwedd dda ar: fine-looking
anifail â gwedd dda arno a fine-looking animal (“(an) animal with (a) fine look on it”)

4
gwedd wahanol ar said of what lookes different, different looking (“(a) different aspect on”)
rhoi gwedd wahanol ar alter the appearance of (“give / put (a) different aspect on”)

5
face, countenance, mien

6
complexion, colour of the face
gwelw eich gwedd pale, pale-looking (“pale your complexion”)

7
(moon) phase
gweddau’r lleuad the phases of the moon

8
(wood) texture

9
kind, type, sort

10 manner, way
yr un wedd in the same way
ar un wedd
..a/ in one way
..b/ (South) on any account, whatver may happen, under no circumstances

11
second element in compound words
..1/ agwedd feminine noun = attitude < *angwedd < *an-ngwedd (an- = intensifying prefix) + nasal mutation + (gwedd = aspect, appearance)

..2/ cerfwedd relief = raised work (art) (cerf-, stem of cerfio = to carve, to sculpt) + soft mutation + (gwedd = aspect)

..3/ glanwedd (adjective) pure, clean, pretty (glân = pure, clean, pretty) + (gwedd)

..4/ llorwedd adjective horizontal (llawr = floor) + (gwedd)

..5/ llunwedd feminine noun layout (of a room) (llun = image) + (gwedd)

..6/ rhinwedd (feminine noun) virtue (rhin = essence) + (gwedd)

..7/ tirwedd feminine noun landscape (tir = land) + (gwedd)
..8/ trumwedd peak, hill; appearance, form, outline

(trum = hill, peak, ridge) + soft mutation + (gwedd = appearance)
Used in the county of Dinbych, and in the neighbouring district of Meirionydd in the county of Gwynedd.

Also in use as trymwydd to the south of Meirionydd, in the northern part of the county of Ceredigion. In this variant, there is
..a/ loss of quality of the tonic vowel – the replacement of the original vowel in this position by the obscure vowel is not unusual in Welsh;
..b/ and confusion with the element gŵydd (= presence)

ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh gwedd < British *uidâ < uedi- see, appear.
Related to Latin videre (= to see), and also to words in Germanic languages, for example:
..a/ English (1) wit (mind; gift of making of sharp humorous observations), (2) witness;
..b/ German wissen (= to know).

:_______________________________.

gwedd
 ‹ › femení
PLURAL gweddoedd ‹ ›
1 yoke

2 yoke = oppression

3 (horses) pair, team;
gwedd o geffylau pair of horses

gwedd o ychen yoke of oxen

ceffyl gwedd horse (“yoke horse”), working horse, horse used for pulling, shire horse

Y pryd hynny byddai’r gweddoedd ceffylau yn llenwi'r efail, a mynych y byddai
yno bump neu chwech ar y tro yn disgwyl cael eu pedoli

Then pairs of working horses would fill the smithy, and often there would be five or six waiting to be shoed

gwedd aredig ploughing team

4 an-wedd (Nord-east Wales) extremadament extraordinarily, exceedingly, extremely
mae hi’n oer an-wedd It’s extremely cold
(an- = negative prefix) + soft mutation + (gwedd = yoke)

5 gweddog yoked
rhoi dan y wedd to put under the yoke
canlyn gwedd (“follow yoke”) be a ploughman

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwedd < British *wue- (= to tie)
Irish feadhain (= company) (apparently the original sense was yoke)
escocès feadhainn (= company)

:_______________________________.

gweddi, gweddïau
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
prayer
y weddi the prayer

:_______________________________.

gweddïo
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to pray

2 gweddïo gweddi’r Arglwydd say the Lord’s Prayer
gweddiai weddi’r Arglwydd gyda holl nerth ei henaid She said the Lord’s Prayer with all the strength of her soul

:_______________________________.

gweddi'r Arglwydd ‹ ›

1 the Lord's Prayer; Matthew 6:9-13
Ein Tad, yr hwn wyt yn y nefoedd, / Sancteiddier dy enw. / Deled dy deyrnas. / Gwneler dy ewyllys, / megis yn yr nef, / felly ar y ddaear hefyd. / Dyro i ni heddiw ein bara beunyddiol. / A maddau i ni ein dyledion, / fel y maddeuwn ninnau i'n dyledwyr. / Ac nac arwain ni i brofedigaeth; / eithr gwared ni rhag drwg. / Canys eiddot ti yw'r deyrnas, / a'r nerth, / a'r gogoniant, / yn oes oesoedd. / Amen

Our Father which art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive them that trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation. But deliver us from evil. Amen. (Book of Common Prayer, 1559)

Our father which art in heauen, hallowed be thy name.
Thy kingdome come. Thy will be done, in earth, as it is in heauen.
Giue vs this day our daily bread.
And forgiue vs our debts, as we forgiue our debters.
And lead vs not into temptation, but deliuer vs from euill: For thine is the kingdome, and the power, and the glory, for euer, Amen.
(King James’ Bible, 1611)

Our Father, who art in heaven, Hallowed be thy Name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done, On earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our trespasses, As we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation, But deliver us from evil. For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever and ever. Amen.
(Book of Common Prayer, 1928)

Ein Tad yn y nefoedd, sancteiddier dy enw;
deled dy deyrnas; gwneler dy ewyllys, ar y ddaear fel yn y nef.
Dyro inni heddiw ein bara beunyddiol,
a maddau inni ein troseddau, fel yr ym ni wedi maddau i'r rhai a droseddodd yn ein herbyn;
a phaid â'n dwyn i brawf, ond gwared ni rhag yr Un drwg. Oherwydd eiddot ti yw'r deyrnas a'r gallu a'r gogoniant am byth. Amen. (Beibl Newydd, 1988)

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) prayer (of the) Lord”) (gweddi = prayer) + (yr definite article) + (arglwydd = lord)

:_______________________________.

gweddol
 ‹ › (adverb)
1
fairly

:_______________________________.

gweddu
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to suit

2 gweddu i (rywun) to suit (somebody), to look good on (somebody)
Mae’r siaced ’na’n gweddu i chi That jacket suits you, that jacket looks good on you
gweddi i’w gilydd suit each other
gweddi i’w gilydd i’r dim suit each other exactly, be a perfect match


:_______________________________.

gweddw, gweddwon
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
widow
y weddw the widow

:_______________________________.

gwedwst  ‹ › adjective
(South Wales)
1 silent, taciturn
Mae e’n wedwst He doesn’t say a lot, He doesn’t talk much

ETYMOLOGY:
..a/ Apparently the underlying form is *tawedwst (tawed-, from tawedog = quiet, taciturn) + soft mutation + (gwst = pain); if not, then from a suffix -ws.
..b/ From *tawedwst was derived dywedwst, through a confusion of the first element with dywed-, the stem of dweud (= to say).
..c/ In the South gwed- replaced dywed-, since the Southern form of dweud, dywed- is gweud, gwed-

:_______________________________.

gwe-eiriadur ‹gwee ei-ri-YAA-dir ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwe-eiriaduron
1 web dictionary, online dictionary. Not in common use – in fact, not used at all, since it is a somewhat clumsy word we invented for this particular online dictionary

ETYMOLOGY: (gwe = web, spider’s web, something woven; the worldwide web) + soft mutation + (geiriadur = dictionary)

:_______________________________.

gwefan  ‹ › masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL gwefannau ‹ ›
1
website
y gwefan / y wefan the website

ETYMOLOGY: (gwe = web, spider’s web, something woven) + soft mutation + (man = place)
NOTE: man (= place) can be either masculine and feminine, and so too the compound forms

:_______________________________.

gwefus, gwefusau
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
lip
y wefus the lip

:_______________________________.

gwegil  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwegiliau ‹ ›
1
nape of the neck
Dododd ei law ar wegil blewog y ci He placed his hand on the hairy back of the dog's neck
cadw’ch llygaid yn eich gwegil to have a blinkered attitude (“to keep your eyes in the back of your neck”)

2
estyn bys yng ngwegil (rhywun) point the finger of scorn at (“extend (a) finger in (the) back-of-the-neck (of) someone”)

3
anadlu i lawr gwegil rhywun breathe down one's neck, be close in pursuit
4
back of a single-edged tool

Gwegil y Fwyall name of a Welsh air (“the back of the axe”)

5
gwegil haul place shaded from the sun (“nape (of) sun”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwegil < *gwagil (with the change a > e under the influence of the i in the final syllable) (gwa = a variant of the prefix gwo = under) + soft mutation + (cil = back part)

:_______________________________.

gwehilion  ‹ › plural noun
1 worthless corn, chaff; dregs, riff-raff, rubbish

2 gwehilion cymdeithas = the dregs of society
gwehiliach scum = worthless people (with the plural suffix -ach which has denotes contempt and disdain instead of -ion)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwe, form of the prefix gwo- / gwa- (= under) before a following syllable with ‹ ›) + (hil = lineage) + (ion plural suffix)

:_______________________________.

gwehydd, gwehyddion
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
weaver

:_______________________________.

gwehyddiad  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwehyddiadau ‹ ›
1
weave = method or pattern of weaving
2
gwehyddiad Jacquard  ‹ › Jacquard weave = a fabric in which the design is incorporated into the weave instead of being printed or dyed on
3
gwehyddiad esgyrn pysgodyn herringbone weave
4
gwehyddiad caerog twill weave
5
gwehyddiad rhesog ribbed weave

ETYMOLOGY: (gwehydd-, stem of gwehydda = to weave) + (-i-ad suffix)

:_______________________________.

gweiddi
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to shout

2 gwaedd, gwaeddau  ‹ › (feminine noun) a shout, a cry

3 gweiddi “blaidd”  ‹ › (phrase) cry ‘wolf’ (make out that there is danger or a problem when in fact there is not in order to attract the attention and sympathy of other people)

4 gweiddi nerth eich pen
 ‹ › (phrase) shout as loud as you can (“shout (the) strength (of) one’s mouth”)

5 (with an exclamation of rejection, dissatisfaction)
gweiddi wfft i protest against (“shout ‘wfft’ to”)

6 y pair yn gweiddi parddu ar y pentan (“the cauldron shouting soot to the fireplace”) the pot calling the kettle black - said of someone who criticises another for something which the critic is equally guilty of

7 gweiddi ‘blaidd!’ to cry wolf = demand help unnecessarily

8 gweiddi ar rywun i wneud rhywbeth shout to somebody to do something
gwaeddodd ar ei wraig i agor y drws he shouted to his wife to open the door
:_______________________________.

gweigion
 ‹ › (plural noun)
1
empty; plural of gwag

:_______________________________.

gweilch
 ‹ › (plural noun)
1
falcons, hawks; plural of gwalch

:_______________________________.

gweilgi  ‹ ›
[ˡgwəilgɪ] feminine noun
PLURAL gweilgïoedd
[gwəilˡgiˑoið] ‹ ›
1
obsolete wolf
y weilgi the wolf

2
sea, ocean (probably from the personification of the sea as a wolf at some earlier period)

gwylan y weilgi (Fulmaris glacialis) a name for the fulmar (‘gull (of) the ocean’);
the standard name however is aderyn drycin y graig (“storm-bird of the rock’)

3 flood, torrent

In this sense it occurs in the place name Cefnwilgi (= Cefn y weilgi) (Y Trallwng, Powys) (“hill of the torrent”)

ETYMOLOGY: “wolf dog” Welsh gweilgi
[ˡgwəilgɪ], a respelling of gwaelgi [ˡgwəilgɪ]
(*gwael = wolf) + soft mutation + (ci = dog);

gwael < British < Celtic *wai-los ‘howler, animal which howls’ < *wai- (= howl)

From the same Celtic root: Irish faolchú ( = wolf). This is literally “wolf dog”
(faol= wolf) + mutation + ( = dog)

:_______________________________.

gweili  ‹ ›
[ˡgwəilɪ] adjective
1
obsolete empty

2
North-west Wales (horse) without a load, without a plough or cart, without a rider

3
North-west Wales (engine of a train) which is travelling light, that is, without carriages or wagons
injen weili o peiriant gweili engine without carriages or wagons

4
Commerce pwysau gweili tare weight = weight of a vehicle when empty

5
olwyn weili, plural olwynion gweili idler, idle wheel, loose wheel

6
troi’n weili (machine) run idle, maintain motion while disconnected

7
tudalen gweili flyleaf = blank page at the beginning or end of a book (gweili = empty)

ETYMOLOGY: gweili < gweily < gweilydd < British < Celtic
From the same Celtic root: Irish fáili (= pleasant, affable)

:_______________________________.

gweini
 ‹ › (verb)
1
(verb without an object) to serve
gweini wrth y bwrdd serve at table table

2
(verb with an object) to serve

:_______________________________.

gweinidog  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gweinidogion ‹ ›
1
minister = a clergyman in a Nonconformist Church, a Protestant church other then the English state church (Anglican) such as the Baptists, Methodists, and Independents (or Congregationalists)

2
minister = a person in charge of a government department,
secretary of state;
Gweinidog Addysg Education Minister
Gweinidog Cartref Interior Minister
Gweinidog heb Weinyddiaeth Minister without Portfolio
Gweinidog Iechyd Health Minister
Gweinidog Tramor Foreign Minister
Prif Weinidog Prime Minister

3
obsolete servant in a country mansion, manservant
gweinidog ty = servant

4
Bible servant
Malachi 1:6 Mab a anrhydedda ei dad, a gweinidog ei feistr
Malachi 1:6 A son honoureth his father, and a servant his master:

5 (obsolete) servant in a country mansion, manservant
gweinidog ty = servant
...Mrs. Harris, yr hon oedd yn cerdded o gwmpas y neuadd yn taflu golwg ar y gweinidogion yn gwasanaethu y byrddau
t22 Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (=Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910)
Mrs Harris who was walking about the hall observing how the servants were serving the tables

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gweinidog (originally an adjective) (gweinid = to serve) + (-og = adjectival suffix)
From the same British root: Cornish gwonezeg (= worker), Breton gounideg (= farmer)

NOTE: colloquial forms are: gwenidog  ‹ › gwnidog ‹ ›,
gwinidog ‹ ›

:_______________________________.

gweinio  ‹ › verb
1
sheathe = place a knife in a sheathe, a sword in a scabbard, etc

ETYMOLOGY: (gwein- < gwain = sheath) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

gweinlyfiad  ‹ › masculine noun
1 cunnilingus

ETYMOLOGY: (gweinlyf- arrel de gweinlyfu = perform cunnilingus) + (-llyfu to lick) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.

gweinlyfu  ‹ › verb
1 perform cunnilingus

ETYMOLOGY: (gwein- < gwain = sheath, vagina) + soft mutation + (-llyfu to lick)
:_______________________________.

gweinyddiaeth  ‹ › (f)
1
administration
2
y Weinyddiaeth Dramor The State Department (USA foreign affairs department)

:_______________________________.

gweirglodd  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gweirgloddiau ‹ ›
1
hay meadow, hayfield, grassland; field where grass is grown to provide hay, by cutting and drying for animal fodder
y weirglodd the hay meadow
lladd gweirglodd o wair cut a hay meadow, cut the grass in a hay meadow

2 meadow = field for pasturing animals

3
Barnwyr 20:33 A holl ŵyr Israel a gyfodasant o’u llem, ac a fyddinasant yn Baal-tamar: a’r sawl a oedd o Israel yn cynllwyn, a ddaeth allan o’u mangre, sef o weirgloddiau Gibea.
Judges 20:33 And all the men of Israel rose up out of their place, and put themselves in array at Baaltamar: and the liers in wait of Israel came forth out of their places, even››

(b) (South Wales) gwerlod ‹ ›;
[ˡgwɛrlɔd]
(c) (South Wales) gwrglod ‹ ›,
[ˡgʊrglɔd]
(d) (South Wales) gwrlod ‹ ›;
[ˡgʊrlɔd]

(e) (South Wales) gwrlodd ‹ ›; [ˡgʊrlɔð]

(f) (South Wales) gwyrglodd ‹ ›,
[ˡgwərglɔð]
(g) (South Wales) gwyrlod ‹ ›, [ˡgwərlɔd]
(h) (South Wales) gwyrlad ‹ ›,
[ˡgwərlad]

(i) (South Wales) wrglo ‹ ›,
[ˡʊrglɔ]
(j) (South Wales - county of Penfro) hwirglo  ‹ ›
[ˡhwɪrglɔ]

In the Llanofer Collection at Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru / the National Library of Wales, it is noted in the handwriting of Iolo Morganwg (pronunciations inserted):


gweirlod [ˡgwəirgɔd] Sil. (= Silurian, i.e. south-eastern Welsh) a meadow, plural gweirlodydd [gwəirˡloˑdɪð]. In Monm. (= Monmouthshire) it is pronounced Gwrlod [ˡgʊrlɔd], plural gwrlodydd [gʊrˡloˑdɪð]... about Celli Gaer (= Gelli-gaer, county of Caerffili) they say gwerlod [ˡgwɛrlɔd], gwerlodydd [gwɛrˡloˑdɪð]...

Place names:

.....(1) Penyrwrlodd [pɛn ər ˡʊrlɔð] pen y weirglodd (= the end of the meadow) [pɛn ə ˡwəirglɔð] Farm name

In his Topographical Dictionary of Wales, 1849, Samuel Lewis, under Llanigon (moden-day Powys), states:

Upon a high bank to the south-east of the church is Penyrwrlodd, now a farmhouse, originally built in 1651, by William Watkins, an active officer in the army of the parliament during the reign of Charles I., and one of the principal agents of the propagators of the Gospel in South Wales
.....(2) Penywyrlod
[pɛn ə ˡwərlɔd] pen y weirglodd (= the end of the meadow) [pɛn ə ˡwəirglɔð]
.....a/ farm by Rowlstone, Herefordshire, England
 
.....b/ farm by Yr Hengastell
, by the river Mynwy north of Llanfihangel Crucornau (county of Mynwy)
.....c/ street in the village of Gelli-gaer (county of Caerffili)

.....(3) Y Hwirlo Hware (= Y Weirglodd Chwarae) (‘the meadow of playing’)
Common land in San Clêr (county of Caerfyrddin) (year 1838, noted in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary, page 1622) .

.....(4) Y Wyrlod-ddu (y weirglodd ddu = the black meadow)
Farm at Cefncoedycymer (county of Merthyrtudful)

ETYMOLOGY: “grass field” Welsh gweirglodd < gweirglawdd


(gweir- penult form of gwair = grass, hay) + soft mutation + (clawdd = ditch, hedgebank, field)


Although clawdd is masculine (y clawdd), gweirglodd is a feminine noun (y weirglodd).

:_______________________________.

gweirglodd-dir  ‹ › masculine noun
1
meadow, meadowland

Genesis 41:2 Ac wele, yn esgyn o’r afon, saith o wartheg teg yr olwg, a thewion o gig; ac mewn gweirglodd-dir y porent
Genesis 41:2 And, behold, there came up out of the river seven well favoured kine and fatfleshed; and they fed in a meadow.

ETYMOLOGY: (gweirglodd = meadow) + soft mutation + (tir = land)

:_______________________________.

gweirgloddio  ‹ › verb
1
become meadow land

(In Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary, page 1622, a reference is made to a note in the Llanofer Collection at Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru / the National Library of Wales, in the handwriting of Iolo Morganwg:

gweirlodi, gwrlodi, & gwerlodi to turn to, or become meadow, or fine grass ground, so they say of land that, (having been for some time in culture, for corn, &c.) is left to run into grass. When a considerable quantity of grass appears, or when it, in any meadow ground, begins to be abundant in spring, they say y mae’r tir, y cae, y waun, y maes, &c. yn dechrau gwrlodi

ETYMOLOGY: (gweirglodd = meadow) + (-io = suffix for forming verbs)

NOTE: Also gweirlodi, gwrlodi, gwerlodi, gwyrlodi, etc

:_______________________________.

gweiriach  ‹ › plural noun
1
wisps of hay

ETYMOLOGY: (gweir- penult form of gwair = grass) + (-i-ach, diminutive suffix)
NOTE: In South Wales without the initial “i” of the final syllable: gweirach (in the south -i-ach > -ach)

:_______________________________.

gweithdy, gweithdai
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
workshop

:_______________________________.

gweithgar
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
hard-working

:_______________________________.

gweithgaredd, gweithgareddau
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
activity

:_______________________________.

gweithgarwch
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
diligence

:_______________________________.

gweithgor  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gweithgorau ‹ ›
1 working party = committee set up to investigate some matter

ETYMOLOGY: (gweith-, penult syllable form of gwaith = work) + soft mutation + (cor < cordd = group )

:_______________________________.

gweithio
 ‹ › (verb)
1
work = exert effort in order to do some act or to make something
gweithio bob yn ail â pheidio work by fits and starts (“work alternately with stopping”)

2
gweithio’ch bysedd at yr asgwrn work your fingers to the bone

3 gweithio dramor work abroad

4
bod ar eich goreu yn gweithio be busy at work, be working away busily, be hard at it working

Pan oedd pawb ar eu gorau yn gweithio, dyma fe’n sleifio i’r tafarn When everybody was hard at it working he slipped off to the pub
:_______________________________.

gweithiwr, gweithwyr
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
worker

:_______________________________.

gweithlu, gweithluoedd
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
workforce

:_______________________________.

gweithred, gweithredoedd
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
action, deed

2
ar air neu ar weithred
in word or deed, by word or by deed

Colosiaid 3:17
A pha beth bynnag a wneloch, ar air neu ar weithred, gwnewch bob peth yn enw'r Arglwydd Iesu, gan ddiolch i Dduw a'r Tad trwyddo ef.
Colossians 3:17 And whatsoever ye do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God and the Father by him.

:_______________________________.

gweithrediad, gweithrediadau
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
action

:_______________________________.

gweithredu
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to act = do something; make something work
2
gweithredu’r gyfraith apply the law, enforce the law

:_______________________________.

gweithredwr
1
operator
2
cudd-weithredwr secret agent

:_______________________________.

gweithreg  ‹ › feminine noun
1
See: gweithwraig

:_______________________________.

gweithwraig  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gweithwragedd ‹ ›
1
worker (woman), woman worker, female worker

Maent yn honni bod perchnogion cartref henoed yn Llangedwyn wedi gwahardd staff a phreswylwyr rhag siarad Cymraeg â’i gilydd a bod un weithwraig wedi gadael oherwydd hynny
They claim that the owners of an old people’s home in Llangedwyn have banned staff and residents from speaking Welsh to each other and a woman worker has left because of this

ETYMOLOGY: (gweith- < gweithio = to work) + soft mutation + (gwraig = woman)
NOTE: also gweithreg. See -reg

:_______________________________.

gwêl  ‹ › masculine noun
1
(names of houses, streets) view

Gwêleryri view of Eryri (street in Llandegfan, Môn)
Gwêlfenai view of the Menai Strait
Gwêl-rheidol view of the river Rheidol
Gwêlycreuddyn view of the Creuddyn (Creuddyn is the name of a hill)
Gwêl-y-don sea view
Gwêlymynydd mountain view; view of the highland
Gwêl-y-nant stream view
Gwêlyrwyddfa view of Yr Wyddfa, Snowdon View
Gwêlystwyth view of the river Ystwyth

In some names used as a quasi-prefix, causing soft mutation where applicable. There is no definite artcle:
Gwelafon river view
Gwelfor sea view
Gwelfryn hill view

2
tegwel (teg = fair) + soft mutation + (gwêl view, appearance, aspect)
..a/ Tegwel woman’s name (‘fair aspect’)
..b/ Tegwel house name, ‘Fair Prospect’, ‘Belvedere’
..c/ Botegwel (house name) ‘house (of the) fair prospect’
(= Bod Degwel < (bod = house) + soft mutation + (tegwel fair appearance, fair view). The combination d-d, where the second d is a soft mutation of t, generally becomes t)

ETYMOLOGY: gwêl = stem of gweld / gweled (= to see); as a noun meaning ‘view’, this is a coining by Iolo Morgannwg (1747-1826). The first instance of it is c. 1780

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Gwelafon  ‹ ›
1
river view
Name of a street in Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + (afon = river)

:_______________________________.

gweld  ‹ › (verb)
1
to see

2
bod wedi gweld eich dyddiau gwell to have seen better days (“to have seen your better days”)

3
gweld y rhagor rhwng da a drwg
differenciate between good and bad (“see the difference between good and bad”)           

4
os gwelwch yn dda
 ‹ › (phrase) please (“if you see well”)

5
am y gwelwch chi as far as the eye can see

6
Galwa i ’ngweld i Come and seen me, Call by

7
gweld beiau pawb ond rhai ei hunan find fault with everybody except oneself (“see the faults of everbody but (yhe) ones (of) himself”)

8
methu gweld y coed gan brennau not see the wood for the trees

9 gweld sut y mae pethau see how things are / see how things stand, see how the land lies

10 gweld pa ffordd y mae’r gwynt yn chwythu see how things are / see how things stand, see how the land lies

11 (North Wales) gweld eich gwyn (ar rywbeth) = take a fancy to (something)
(gwyn = white) (with the influence of gŵyn (= desire))

(Sefyllfa: Mae’r gof ar fin dychwelyd i’w efail) "Well ‘i mi roi'r troed gora mlaen'" ebe Huw, 'swybod ar y ddaear na fydd o wedi gweld i wyn ar rwbath os bydd o acw o mlaen i. Mae o'n meddwl fod pawb yn lladron, a lleidar weiddith lleidar gynta wyddoch
Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (= Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910)
(Situation: The smith is about to go back to his smithy) “I’d better put my best foot forward,” said Huw. There’s no knowing whether he’ll take a fancy to something if he’s down there before me. He thinks that everybody is a thief, but a thief is always the first to accuse others of thieving (“a thief shouts thief first”)

12 gweld golau dydd gyntaf first see the light of day (= be born)

13 gweld blew eich llygad be seeing things, imagine having seen something (“see the lashes of your eye”)

14 gweld ychydig iawn ar rywun see very little of somebody

15 byw yn ddigon hen i weld (rhywbeth) live to see (something), live long enough to see (something)

Yr oedd Lewis Lewis yn byw yn y ffermdy yn ymyl y capel presennol, ond nis gwyddom iddo fyw yn ddigon hen i’w weled
Lewis Lewis lived in the farmhouse next to the present chapel but we don’t know if he lived long enough to see it

16 mi ga i weld (non-commital answer) I shall see, possibly
siaradi di efo fo? mi ga i weld -will you talk to him? -I shall see

17 wel’ di see?, you see (<  ‹ › weli di)

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gweld bai ar  ‹ ›
1
consider someone to be at fault, think it the fault of, believe the culprit to be, find fault with
y diafol yn gweld bai ar bechod Satan rebuking sin, the devil denouncing evil (“the devil seeing defect on sin”), someone doing something completely out of character
gweld bai arno ei hun blame herself (“see blame on herself”)
Wela i ddim pwt o fai arno I don’t blame him one bit (“I don’t see a least-bit of blame on him”)
gweld bai ar bopeth find fault with everything (“see fault on everything”)

ETYMOLOGY: (gweld = to see) + (bai = defect, fault, blame) + (ar = on)

:_______________________________.

gweld eich dyddiau gwell ‹ ›
1
bod wedi gweld eich dyddiau gwell to have seen better days (“to have seen your better days”) = to be in poor condition now compared in the past

Mae dy got law di wedi gweld eu dyddiau gwell - beth am brynu un newydd? Your raincoat has seen better days - what about buying a new one?

ETYMOLOGY: (gweld = to see) + (eich your) + (dyddiau days, plural of dydd = day) + (gwell = better)

:_______________________________.

gweld oedran teg ‹ ›
1
live to a ripe old age

Fe welodd oedran teg
He had a long life, He lived to a ripe old age (“he saw a fair age”)

ETYMOLOGY: (gweld = see) + (oedran = age) + (teg = fair)

:_______________________________.

Gwêleryri ‹ ›
1
“view of Snowdonia”
street in Llandegfan, Môn

ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + (Eryri name of a mountainous district in Gwynedd, ‘Snowdonia’)

:_______________________________.

Gwelfenai  ‹ ›
1
“view of the Menai Strait”
Street name in Niwbwrch, county of Môn
Gwêl Fenai < Gwêl y Fenai
(gwêl = view) + (yr definite article) + soft mutation + (Menai = name of a strait separating the island of Môn / Anglesey from the Welsh mainland)

:_______________________________.

Gwelfor  ‹ ›
1
sea view (house name and street name)
Street name in:
..a/ Rhosgadfan (county of Gwynedd)
..b/ Cefncribwr (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
..c/ Dynfant (county of Abertawe)
..d/ Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
..e/ Y Tywyn-bach (county of Caerfyrddin)
..f/ Aber-gwaun (county of Penfro)
..g/ Caergybi (county of Môn) (“Gwelfor Avenue”)
..h/ Aberdyfi (county of Gwynedd) (“Gwelfor Terrace”)
..i/ Ystâd Gwelfor Cemais (county of Môn) (name of a housing estate)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + soft mutation + (môr = sea)

:_______________________________.

Gwelfryn  ‹ ›
1
hill view (house name and street name)
Street name in:
..a/ Prestatyn (county of Y Fflint)
..b/ Mochdre, Baecolwyn (county of Conwy)
..c/ Llanymynech (county of Powys)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill)

:_______________________________.

Gwêl-rheidol  ‹ ›
1
Street name in Penparcau, Aberystwyth (county of Ceredigion)

ETYMOLOGY: (“view (of the river) Rheidol”)
(gwêl = view) + ( Rheidol = river name )

:_______________________________.

gwell
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
better

2
Daw pethau’n well Things will get better, Things will work out (“things will come better”)

3 Mae e’n well na’r sôn amdano Hes’s not as black as he’s painted, he’s not as bad as people make him out to be (“he’s better than the talking about him”)

4
faint gwell how much better off
(pa) faint = (what) quantity) + (gwell = better)

Tawn i’n neud hynny, faint gwell fyddwn i wedyn? If I were to do that, how much better off would I be afterwards?

5
cyfarch gwell i to greet
cyfarch gwell i’w gilydd to greet each other

6
yn niffyg dim gwell for want of anything better

7 newid er gwell a change for the better
newid er gwell to change for the better

8 Gwell hwyr na hwyrach Better late than never (“Better late than (even) later”)

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gwella
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to improve
2
bod cryn le i wella ar (rywbeth) leave a lot to be desired (“to be a considerable place to improve on something”)

:_______________________________.

gwelliant, gwelliannau
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
improvement

:_______________________________.

Gwell nag athro yw arfer
 ‹ ›
1
Practice makes perfect

ETYMOLOGY: (“(it-is) better than a-teacher that-is practice”) (gwell = better) + (nag = than) + (athro = teacher) + (yw = that-is) + (arfer = practice)

:_______________________________.

gwellt  ‹ › mass noun
1
straw. See gwelltyn

:_______________________________.

gwelltach  ‹ › verb
1
remnants of straw, useless bits of straw

ETYMOLOGY: (gwallt = straw) + (-ach, diminutive suffix)

:_______________________________.

gwelltyn  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwellt  ‹ ›
1
blade of grass
gwellt = grass

also: glaswellt grass (glas = green) + soft mutation + (gwellt = grass)

2
piece of straw, single straw
gwellt = straw

3
drinking straw;

4
grass as food for cattle

Eseia 11:7 Y fuwch hefyd a’r arth a borant ynghyd; eu llydnod a gydorweddant; y llew, fel yr ych, a bawr wellt
Isaiah 11:7 And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox.

5
adjective straw, made of straw
het wellt straw hat

6
straw for packing goods in boxes

7
straw for thatching;
to gwellt thatched roof
ty to gwellt thatched cottage

Yr oedd yno hen dafarn wedi ei doi â gwellt
There was an old tavern there thatched with straw

8
straw for weaving hats, baskets
cadair wellt straw-bottomed chair
het wellt straw hat

9
mae pob cnawd yn wellt all flesh is grass (grass as a symbol of short existence, from the verse in Isaiah)

Eseia 40:6 Y llef a ddywedodd, Gwaeda. Yntau a ddywedodd, Beth a waeddaf? Pob cnawd sydd wellt, â’i holl odidowgrwydd fel blodeuyn y maes (40:7) Gwywa y gwelltyn, syrth y blodeuyn; canys ysbryd yr Arglwydd a chwythodd arno; gwellt yn ddiau yw y bobl (40:8) Gwywa y gwelltyn, syrth y blodeuyn; ond gair ein Duw ni a saif byth

Isaiah 40:6 The voice said, Cry. And he said, What shall I cry? All flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field: (40:7) The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: because the spirit of the LORD bloweth upon it: surely the people is grass.
(40:8) The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our God shall stand for ever.

10
gwellt gwely straw used as bedding, used as stuffing for a mattress
matres wellt plural matresi gwellt straw mattress

bwyta gwellt eich gwely
be on the breadline, be on the point of starvation, not have enough to live on “eat the straw of your bed”

cyn feined â phetaech yn bwyta gwellt eich gwely (said of someone very thin) "as thin as if you were eating the straw of your bed"

11
cydio mewn gwellt clutch at straws, grasp at straws, do something unconvincing or ineffective out of desperation (“get hold of straws”)

also: bachu mewn gwelltyn (“get hold of a straw”)

12
mynd i’r gwellt = (business) fail, go bankrupt

13
blodyn gwellt Helichrysum bracteatum straw flower

14
dyn gwellt man of straw, man of little substance

15
craswellt dry grass (cras = dry) + soft mutation + (gwellt = grass)

16
gwneuthur priddfeini heb wellt make bricks without straw (said of an attempt to make or do something without the necessary materials) (from the Pharaoh’s command concerning the Israelites)

Exodus 5:7 Na roddwch mwyach wellt i’r bobl i wneuthur priddfeini, megis o’r blaen; elont a chasglant wellt iddynt eu hunain
Exodus 5:7 Ye shall no more give the people straw to make brick, as heretofore; let them go and gather straw for themselves

17
tomwellt (literally “dung grass”) mulch, decomposing vegetable matter and dung placed over earth to reduce evaporation and wind erosion (tom = shit, dung) + soft mutation + (gwellt = straw, grass)

18
crafangu am wellt clutch at straws (“claw for straws”), out of desperation, seek a solution to a problem, although the proposed solution is unlikely to be successful
(crafangu = to claw) + (am = around; for) + soft mutation + (gwellt = straw)

19
gweunwellt meadowgrass, a literal translation of English meadowgrass
(gweun- < gwaun = meadow) + soft mutation + (gwellt = grass)
gweunwellt oddfog (Poa bulbosa) bulbous meadowgrass

20 crinwellt withered grass, parched grass
(crin = withered, shrivelled) + soft mutation + (gwellt = grass)

21
Hwnnw oedd y gwelltyn olaf ar gefn y camel this was the straw that broke the camel’s back, this was the last straw (“this was the last straw on the back of the camel”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwellt < *gellt < British < Celtic. The initial combination gw is possibly the result of the influence of the word gwair = grass, hay

From the same British root: Cornish gwels, Breton geot (and gwelt on the island of Eusa, in French, the island of “Ouessant”)

From the same Celtic root: Irish geilt = grazing

:_______________________________.

gwely, gwelyau
 ‹ › (masculine noun) North Wales: plural = gwelâu  ‹ ›

1. a piece of furniture (for sleeping, resting, recovering from an illness, or awaiting death)
gwely claf sick bed
gwely cystudd sickbed
gwely angau deathbed = bed in which a person is on the point of death, or one i which a person died
cyffes wely angau deathbed confession

orwedd ar y gwely to lie on the bed

codi'r ochr chwith i'r gwely to get up on the wrong side of the bed

codi'r ochr groes i'r gwely to get up on the wrong side of the bed


cadw'r gwely be ill in bed, be confined to bed, be in bed, stay in bed

cadw’ch gwely be ill in bed, be confined to bed, be in bed, stay in bed

aros yn y gwely stay in bed 

gwely rebel makeshift bed (“bed (of) (a) rebel”)

gwely glabsant makeshift bed,
improvised bed < gwely gwylmabsant (“bed (of) (a) parish wake”)
llechu yn y gwely lie in bed (“lurk in the bed”)

erchwyn y gwely
the side of the bed

marw yn eich gwely to die in one’s bed

ystafell wely
bedroom

pen gwely bedhead

troed y gwely the foot of the bed (“the foot of…”)


traed y gwely the foot of the bed (“the feet of…”)

padell wely bedpan

post gwely
bedpost

gwely codi press bed

gwely codi folding bed
gwely crog hammock
gwely difán divan bed
gwely dwbl double bed
gwely gefell twin bed = one of two beds which form a pair
gwely plyg folding bed
gwely priodasol marriage bed, matrimonial bed
gwely rhebel (South Wales) mattress on floor

gwely pedwar postyn four-poster bed
gwely soffa sofa bed = a sofa which can be folded out to form a bed

  

gwely olwynog bed on wheels
gwely haul sunbed = bed on which a person lies to receive ultraviolet
light from a sunlamp in order to gain an artificial tan
gwely sengl single bed

2.  bed = bedstead + mattress + bedclothes, the bed prepared for a person to sleep in

taenu’r gwely make the bed

cyweirio gwely
make the bed

gwneud y gwely
make the bed

gwlychu'r gwely
wet the bed

gwneud gwely hast
make a hasty bed

dillad gwely
bedclothes

gwely llaith
damp bed

3.  mattress

gwely plu feather bed,
gwely peiswn chaff bed

gwellt gwely (“straw (of) bed”) straw used as bedding, used as stuffing for a mattress
gwely gwellt
(“bed (of) straw”) straw bed
bwyta gwellt eich gwely be on the breadline, be on the point of starvation, not have enough to live on (“eat the straw of your bed”)

cyn feined â phetaech yn bwyta gwellt eich gwely (said of someone very thin) "as thin as if you were eating the straw of your bed" 

gwely plu 1 feather bed = mattress stuffed with feathers 2 feather bed = symbol of luxury, pampered state
gwely plu gwyddau goose-feather bed = mattress stuffed with goose feathers

4.  the bedstead on which the mattress rests

hen wely an old bedstead

ffrâm wely plural fframiau gwelyau bedframe

gwely haearn iron bedstead
gwely pren wooden bedstead

5.  bed = a place to sleep

bôn y clawdd oedd ei wely y noson honno

the base of the hedgebank was his bed that night

6.  the act of sleeping

amser gwely bedtime

mynd i'r gwely go to bed

troi i'r gwely go to bed
gwely a gwaith oedd hi pryd hynny it was bed and work in those days, it was straight from bed to work, and from work to bed in those days, work and sleep was all that people did (said of the hard life in the industrial areas)

7.  bed as a place for sexual relations

Dwy ddim yn credu 'u bod nhw'n cael llawer o flas gyda'i gilydd yn y gwely

I don’t think they get much fun together in bed

cymar gwely
bedfellow

8.  lodging, a bed used for a night

gwely a brecwast bed and breakfast
= accommodation provided (often in an ordinary house) for the night with breakfast the following morning

9.
  animal’s sleeping place

Dylid paratói gwely i’r ci wedi ei wneud o bapur wedi’i rwygo, hen flancedi neu wellt os yn bosib
A bed should be prepared for the dog made of torn-up paper, old blankets or straw if it is possible

10.  piece of ground in a garden where plants are cultivated

gwely wynwyn onion bed

gwely wynwns onion bed

Mae'n bwysig cadw'r gwely yn llaith ar ôl i'r had egino It’s important to keep the bed moist after the seeds sprout

gwely mefus strawberry bed

gwely tail hotbed (“bed (of) dung”)
gwely brwd hotbed (“bed + hot”)
gwely blodau flower bed

gwely shibols spring-onion bed

11.  bed = place for breeding shellfish (oysters, mussels, cockles) ENG-Z

gwely wystrys oyster bed

gwely cocos cockle bed

gwely misgl mussel bed
Gwely'r Misgl [ gwe -lir mis -gil]
(This is the standard form. One would expect the local pronunciation to be Gwely’s Mishgil) (SJ2968) island 5km NW of Porth-cawl

12.  bed = place where a stone, boulder lies

Tynnwyd y maen hir o'i wely gan anfadwyr un noson, ac fe’i
drylliwyd yn dri darn

The standing stone was pulled out of its bed by vandals one night, and it was broken into three pieces

13.  base of a stack (of hay, etc)

gadael i’r das wair gymryd ei gwely leave the haystack to settle (“take its bed”)


14.. the bottom of a lake, river, canal, sea,

gwely’r don (literary) the bottom of the sea, the sea bed

gwely afon a river bed = channel in which a river flows

gwely’r afon the river bed

gwely'r môr seabed

15.. a layer of rock; a stratum, deposit

gwely o wenithfaen bed of granite, granite bed
gwely o siâl shale bed
gwely o glai clay bed
y gwely llechfaen th slate bed
gwely o lo coal bed

y gwelyau halen yn Swydd Gaer the salt beds in Cheshire

welyau o gregyn beds of (fossilised) shellfish

y Gwely Coch Lower Cambrian Bed (“red bed”)

y Gwely Glas Middle Cambrian Bed (“blue bed”)

y Gwely Gwyrddlas Upper Cambrian Bed (“bluish-green bed”)

creigwely bedrock (“rock-bed”)

gwely gwrthban seam in carboniferous limstone rock

16..earth or rock foundation for a road or railway, or a gravel bed for the roadway.
gwely (railway) roadbed. trackbed = foundation for the railway tracks

wrth wneud llwybre cerrig, mae angen hefyd tywod i wneud gwely i'r cerrig
when making a stone path, sand is also needed to make a bed for the stones

17.  bed = (printing press) flat surface of a press on which the type is laid

rhoi'r papur yn 'i wely put the paper to bed, prepare the newspaper for printing

18.  (obsolete) land of a family or tribe,
bed < resting place < permanent settlement < clan

19.  (obsolete) family, clan, group of related people
gwelygordd kindred, lineage
 

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwely < britànic *wo-leg-
 

*wo-lég- > Welsh *gwó-legh > *gwé-legh > gwel’gh > gwel’y

North Wales plural is gwlâu / gwelâu < gweláu < gwelýau

See t23 Some points of similarity in the phonology of Welsh and Breton;
T H Parry-Williams; 1913; Paris

Cornish gweli (= bed), Breton gwele (= bed)

Cf gwâl (= lair), lle (= place), tyle (= hill)

 


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Gwêlycreuddyn  ‹ ›
1
view of the Creuddyn (hill name)
Street name in Llanbedr Pont Steffan (county of Ceredigion)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + (y Creuddyn “the fort”, name of a hill)

:_______________________________.

Gwêl-y-don  ‹ ›
1
sea view, view of the sea
Ystâd Gwêl-y-don Name of a housing estate in Pentraeth (county of Môn)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (ton = wave; sea)

:_______________________________.

gwelyfod

1 childbed = confinement before giving birth, lying in bed until a child is born
In South-east Wales as gwylyfod
mynd trwy ei gwelyfod be confined
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
Cornish gwolovoz, Breton gwilioud

:_______________________________.

gwelyfwr (m) bedfellow
In South-east Wales as gwylyfwr
ETYMOLOGY: gwylyfwr < gwylyfwr < gwylywr < gwelywr
:_______________________________.
  

Gwêlymynydd  ‹ ›
1
view of the mountain / hill / highland Street name in
..1/ Llanberis (county of Conwy)
..2/ Caergybi (county of Môn)
..3/ Bwcle (county of Y Fflint)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + (y definite article) + (mynydd = hill, mountain, highland pasture)

:_______________________________.

gwelywr See gwelyfwr

:_______________________________.
 

Gwêl-y-nant  ‹ ›
1
name of a street in Bethesda (in the county of Gwynedd)

ETYMOLOGY: (“view (of) (the) valley, view (of) (the) stream”)
(gwêl = view) + (y definite article) + (nant = valley, stream)

:_______________________________.

gwelyo
1 embed = fix in a surrounding mass

:_______________________________.

Gwêlyrwyddfa  ‹ ›
1
View of Yr Wyddfa, Snowdon View
Street name in Porthaethwy (county of Môn)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + (yr Wyddfa mountain name, “the grave”, Snowdon)

:_______________________________.

Gwêlystwyth  ‹ › -;;)
1
view of the river Ystwyth
Street name in Llanafan (county of Ceredigion)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + ( Ystwyth = sinuous, winding)

:_______________________________.

gwen  ‹ › adjective
1
feminine form of gwyn (= white; brilliant, beautiful, pure, sacred)
(1) As a first element in compound words with a feminine main element
gweniaith (= flattery), < iaith (= language)
Gwenfron (woman’s name, = fair breast), < (bron = breast)
gwengraig (= white rock), < craig = rock, cliff)

(2) Adjective (in the form wen, having soft mutation after a feminine noun)
y ddafad wen the white sheep
Afon-wen (place name) white river

(3) With the form soft-mutated form wen as a second element in compound words after a feminine main element
Bronwen (woman’s name, = fair breast), < (bron = breast)

2
heulwen sunshine
(heul, tonic syllable form of haul) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white, shining). In modern Welsh haul is a masculine noun, but in older Welsh it was feminine

3
First element in place names based on a masculine noun (apparently the vowel y has opened out into e inexplicably)
Gwenddwr (village in Powys) (dwr = water, stream)
Gwendraeth (river in county of Caerfyrddin) (traeth = seaside beach, river beach)

:_______________________________.

Gwen
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
woman’s name -it is the first element of names in Gwen- used on its own (Gwenddolen, Gwenlliain, etc)

:_______________________________.

gwen-  ‹ › in masculine names
1
‘white, fair’ First element in masculine names from the medieval and pre-medieval period
Gwenwynwyn (died 1216), a ruler of the southern portion of old Powys, based in Y Trallwng (Welshpool),
Gwenddolau (500s, chieftain in territories in present-day Cumbria and Scotland)
Gwengad (cad = battle)
Gwenabwy

2
First element in place names based on a masculine noun
Gwenddwr (village in Powys) (dŵr = water, stream)
Gwendraeth (river in county of Caerfyrddin) (traeth = seaside beach, river beach)

3
First element in male given names in the modern period
Gwenlyn

Also the bardic name Gwenallt David James Jones 1899-1968, from name of his native place Yr Allt-wen (fair wood) with elements reversed

:_______________________________.

gwên, gwênau
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
smile
y wên the smile

2 yn wên o glust i glust  ‹ › (phrase) with a broad smile
gwên o glust bwy gilydd a smile from one ear to the other,a smile from ear to ear
Daeth atynt yn wên o glust bwy gilydd He came up to them with a smile from one ear to the other

3 gwenu to smile

:_______________________________.

gwenci  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwencïod  ‹ ›
NOTE: In South Wales, there are the following variants: wenci, weinci, winci
1
weasel = animal with reddish-brown fur, elongated body and neck, short legs: especially Mustela nivalis = European weasel

2 fierce little person

3 (South Wales) busy person

4 mor wancus â winci “as greedy as a weasel”

5 mor chwim â winci “as nimble / rapid as a weasel”

ETYMOLOGY: gwenci < *gwenc-gi (“greed-dog”, greedy dog) (gwanc = greed) + soft mutation + (ci = dog)

:_______________________________.

gwencyn  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwangod ‹ ›
1
(South-west Wales) (
Salmo trutta ) sea trout sewin, sea trout
See gwangen

ETYMOLOGY: gwencyn < gwengyn
(gwanc = greed) + (-yn suffix to make a noun from an adjective)
(vowel change a > e under the influence of the y in the final syllable)

:_______________________________.

Gwenda
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
woman’s name

:_______________________________.

Gwenddolen
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
woman’s name (gwen white) + soft mutation + (dolen = link in a chain)

:_______________________________.

gwendid, gwendidau
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
weakness
gwendid gwaredol
a redeeming vice

2 weakness = fondness, inability to resist a temptation

:_______________________________.

gwendon  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwendonnau ‹ ›
1
white-crested wave, foaming wave
(a) Bronwendon house name in Ffordd Conwy, Penmaen-mawr SH7176

(b) Bronywendon Llan, Baecolwyn, county of Conwy (“Llan” is apparently Llanddulas SH9078)

(c) Glanwendon street name in Tywyn SH5800 (county of Gwynedd)

(d) Wendon name of a seafront gift shop in Aberdaron SH1726

(e) occurs in a street name in Amlwch SH4493, county of Môn (the English name is ‘Wendon Drive’; the Welsh name would be Ffordd Wendon, or merely (Y) Wendon)

(f) Wendon name of a café in SH5182 Benllech, Tyn-y-gongl, county of Môn

ETYMOLOGY: ‘white wave’ (gwen = feminine form of gwyn = blanc ) + soft mutation + (ton = wave)

:_______________________________.

Gweneira
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
woman’s name (white + snow)

:_______________________________.

Gwener, Gwenerau
 ‹ ›
(1) (masculine noun) Venus (planet),
(2) (feminine noun) Venus (Roman goddess)
(3) dydd Gwener = Friday
Gwener y Grog (literary) (“Friday (of) the crucifixion”) Good Friday.
Usually Dydd Gwener y Groglith


:_______________________________.

gwenerol

1
venereal

:_______________________________.

Gwenfair
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
woman’s name (white + Virgin Mary)

:_______________________________.

gwenfflam  ‹ › adjective
1
blazing, ablaze, in flames

2 gyrru (rhywun) yn wenfflam = send someone into a towering rage

3 mynd yn wenfflam go up in flames, burst into flames

ETYMOLOGY: (gwen feminine form of gwyn = white) + (fflam = flame)

:_______________________________.

Gwenffrwd
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
place name (“white torrent”)

:_______________________________.

Gwenffrewi
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
woman’s name. See Gwenfrewi

:_______________________________.

Gwenfrewi
 ‹ › (feminine noun) woman’s name.
Ffynnon Wenfrewi, called St. Winifred’s Well in English – is situated in Treffynnon in north-east Wales (“well-town”, from this well)


:_______________________________.

gwenfro  ‹ › feminine noun
1
(obsolete) fair land
2
(obsolete) paradise

3 Afon Gwenfro SJ3050 = river in the town of Wrrecsam, north-east Wales

4 Wenfro street name in Abergele (county of Conwy)
“y wenfro” (y definite article) + soft mutation + (gwenfro = fair land, paradise)
(In place names, the definite article is often dropped, though the mutation it may have triggered remains)

5 Y Wenfro house name (written “Y Wen Fro”) in Llan-daf (county of Caer-dydd) (in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)

6
Afon Gwenfro SJ3050 = river in the town of Wrecsam, north-east Wales
Also in street names in the county of Wrecsam

..a/ Gwenfro a street name in the city of Wrecsam

..b/ Bryngwenfro (“hill (overlooking the) Gwenfro (river)”) (“Bryn Gwenfro”)
Street name in Tan-y-fron, Wrecsam

..c/ “Gwenfro Cottages” in Southsea, Wrecsam (Welsh name: if no current name exists, a translation of the English name would be Tai Gwenfro)

..d/ “Gwenfro Terrace” in Tan-y-fron, Wrecsam (Welsh name: if no current name exists, a translation of the English name would be Rhestai Gwenfro or Teras Gwenfro)

6
gwenfro'r gwirion fool's paradise, a state of unreal optimism or unrealistic faith in future luck

ETYMOLOGY: (gwen = feminine form of gwyn = white, fair, pleasant) + soft mutation + (bro = district)

:_______________________________.

Gwenfron
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
woman’s name (white / fair + breast)

:_______________________________.

gwengyn  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwangod ‹ ›
1
(South-west Wales) (
Salmo trutta) sewin, sea trout
See gwangen

ETYMOLOGY: gwencyn > gwengyn (gwanc = greed) + (-yn suffix to make a noun from an adjective) (vowel change a > e under the influence of the y in the final syllable

:_______________________________.

Gwenhwyseg
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
Gwentian, dialect of south-east Wales (from Gwennhwys = the Gwent men)

:_______________________________.

gweniaith  ‹ › feminine noun
1
flattery, smooth talk, cajolery, palaver; (archaic: fair words)
y weniaith the flattery

ETYMOLOGY: ‘fair language’ (gwen = feminine form of gwyn = white, fair, pleasant) + (iaith = language)

:_______________________________.

gwenieithio
 ‹ ›
1
to flatter

:_______________________________.

gwenieithiwr
 ‹ › masculine noun
1
flatterer

:_______________________________.

gwenieithus
 ‹ › adjective
1
flattering

:_______________________________.

gwenith  ‹ ›
1
Triticum aestivum wheat, ‘bread wheat’

2
gwenith y gaeaf or gwenith gaeaf winter wheat, wheat sown in the autumn
gwenith y gwanwyn or gwenith gwanwyn spring wheat

3
bara gwenith wheaten bread, wheat bread

blawd gwenith wheat flour

Bugeilio’r Gwenith Gwyn (folksong) “watching over the white wheat”. See kimkat0072c

bywyn gwenith wheatgerm

gwellt gwenith wheat straw

y gwenith a’r efrau the wheat and the tares (i.e. the useful and the useless, what is useful and what is useless)

gwenith barfog bearded wheat (Triticum turgidum)

gwenith col (North Wales) (“wheat (of) ear”) bearded wheat (Triticum turgidum)

gwenith coliog (North Wales) (“eared wheat”) bearded wheat (Triticum turgidum)

gwenith cyflawn whole wheat, wholemeal

gwenithdir land for growing wheat

gwenith du (“black wheat”) Fagopyrum esculentum; a literal translation of Breton “gwinizh-du”; in Brittany it is used in the preparation of crêpes

gwenithen grain of wheat

gwenithfaen granite (“wheat-stone”)

gwenith garw rough-eared wheat

gwenith gwineugoch (South-east Wales) brown wheat

gwenith gwyn bach short-stemmed wheat

gwenith yn ehedig wheat in the ear

gwenith yn tywysennu wheat in the ear (“wheat (which is) forming ears”)

gwenith yr hydd (“wheat of the stag”) buckwheat = Fagopyrum esculentum; annual Asian plant; its small edible triangular seeds are used whole or ground into flour. (Another name in English is ‘sarassin’ < French ‘sarassin’ < ‘blé sarassin’ = Saracen's corn)

hau cae â gwenith to sow a field with wheat

hau gwenith to sow wheat

llyngyren y gwenith col wheatworm

tir gwenith land for growing wheat

ysgub wenith, plural ysgubau gwenith wheatsheaf

4
gwenith y gog (“wheat (of) the cuckoo”) Ranunculus ficaria – lesser celandine (standard name is Llygad Ebrill ‘eye of April’. Gwenith y gog is one of the many other popular names for it)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwenith < British *wo-nikt-
From the same British root: Cornish gwenith (= wheat), Breton gwinizh (= wheat)
From the same Celtic root *nikt: Irish cruithneacht (= wheat)

NOTE: Pererindodwr (A Treatise on the Chief Peculiarities that Distinguish the Cymraeg, as Spoken by the Inhabitants of Gwent and Morganwg Respectively, Archaeologia Cambrensis, ?1856) notes that the form east of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr is gwinith

:_______________________________.

Gwenith  ‹ › feminine noun
1
woman's name

ETYMOLOGY: ‘wheat’; see gwenith

:_______________________________.

gwenithdir PLURAL gwenithdiroedd  ‹ › masculine noun
1
land where wheat is grown

ETYMOLOGY: ‘wheat-land’ (gwenith = wheat ) + soft mutation + ( tir = land)

:_______________________________.

gwenithfaen  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwenithfeini ‹ ›
1
granite
gwenithfaen coch red granite
gwenithfaen du black granite
gwenithfaen glas blue granite
gwenithfaen gwyn white granite

ETYMOLOGY: ‘wheat-stone’ (gwenith = wheat) + soft mutation + (maen = stone)
NOTE: (North Wales) gwnithfan  ‹ ›
:_______________________________.

gwenithfryn PLURAL gwenithfryniau  ‹ › masculine noun
1
“wheat hill”
Gwenithfryn name of a township in Ynys Môn

ETYMOLOGY: ‘wheat-hill’ (gwenith = wheat ) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill)
:_______________________________.

Gwenllian
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
woman’s name (white / fair + linen cloth)

:_______________________________.

Gwennan
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
woman’s name

:_______________________________.

Gwenno
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
woman’s name

:_______________________________.

gwennol, gwenoliaid
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
swallow
y wennol the swallow
Un wennol ni wna wanwyn One swallow does not make a summer (“make a spring”)

:_______________________________.

gwennol ddu, gwenoliaid duon
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
swift (“black swallow”)

:_______________________________.

gwennol y môr  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwenoliaid y môr ‹ ›
1
(Sterna hirundo) common tern
Standard name: môr-wennol gyffredin
2
Gwennol y Môr street name in Y Barri (county of Bro Morgannwg)

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) swallow (of) the sea”, sea swallow)
(gwennol = swallow) + (y = definite article) + (môr = sea)

:_______________________________.

Gwenogfryn  ‹ › masculine noun
1
personal name (“hill (of) Gwennog”); name used by (and probably devised by) John Gwenogvryn Evans, editor of medieval Welsh texts, (1852-1930), born in Llanybydder in the county of Caerfyrddin but brought up in Llanwennog in Ceredigion.

(Gwennog – the name of the saint commemorated in the village name Llanwennog, “church (of) Gwennog”) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill).

As a place name a more natural form would be Bryngwennog but in forming personal names from existing place names or hypothetical place names the elements were sometimes reversed)

The use of “v” instead of “f” in some cases indicated support for a proposed spelling change advocated in the 1800s but finally abandoned – the use of “v” for ‹ ›, and “f” for ‹ ›, as in English and other European languages, to replace Welsh”f” for  ‹ › and “ff” for ‹ ›.

This might be the reason for “Gwenogvryn” instead of “Gwenogfryn”.


:_______________________________.

gwenoli  ‹ › verb
1
shuttle = move back and forth like a shuttle
2
ras gyfnewid wenoli shuttle relay race, a race where runners move from a point A to a point B, and on crossing the line another runner of the same team runs back to point A, and so on

ETYMOLOGY: (gwenol- penult form of gwennol = swallow, shuttle) + (-i suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

gwenu
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to smile

2 gwenu gydag ymdrech force a smile (“smile with an effort”)

3 gwenu o glust bwygilydd to smile from one ear to the other / to smile from ear to ear
Roedd yn gwenu o glust bwygilydd He was smiling from one ear to the other
:_______________________________.

gwenwisg
 ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwenwisgoedd ‹ ›
1
surplice = ecclesiastical robe
y wenwisg the surplice
Bu’r offeiriad yn pregethu yn ei wenwisg The priest preached in his surplice
tynnu’r wenwisg oddiam offeirad defrock a priest, expel a priest from the priesthood (“pull / remove the surplice from around the priest”)

2 (Dwyfor, district in western Gwynedd) “bishops (of) Bangor”
esgobion Bangor yn eu gwenwisg “bishops (of) Bangor in their surplice”
large white clouds on a clear day indicating a coming storm

ETYMOLOGY: (gwen feminine form of gwyn = white ) + soft mutation + (gwisg = garment)

:_______________________________.

gwenwlad  ‹ › (f)
1 heaven, paradise

ETYMOLOGY: “white / blessed / fair land” (gwlad = country, land) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white / blessed / fair )
NOTE: Cf gwladwen (= heaven, paradise), with the same elements reversed

:_______________________________.

gwenwyn
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
poison

2 jealousy
(North) bod wenwyn i be jealous of
Mae o wenwyn imi he’s jealous of me

3 yn ei wenwyn (crop - grass, etc) unripe; (animal) not fully grown, immature
gwerthu buwch yn ei gwenwyn sell a cow before it is fully mature

:_______________________________.

gwenwynig
 ‹ ›
1
poisonous

:_______________________________.

gwenwynllyd
 ‹ ›
1
poisonous

:_______________________________.

gwenwyno
 ‹ ›
1
to poison

:_______________________________.

gwenynen, gwenyn (feminine noun)
 ‹ ›
1
bee
y wenwynen the bee

:_______________________________.

gwenynwr, gwenynwyr
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
beekeeper

:_______________________________.

gweog  ‹ › adjective
1
woven

:_______________________________.

gweol  ‹ › adjective
1
woven

2 neologism of the worldwide web – in imitation of the following nouns and their derived adjectives
deau (= south), deheuol (= southern)
lle (= place), lleol (= local);
teulu (= family), teuluol (= belonging to a family);

Y Geiriadur Gweol The Web Dictionary (what we formerly called this dictionary – not a good name. Now it is Y Gwe-eiriadur – hardly an improvement)

3 gweolion  ‹ › plural noun textiles

ETYMOLOGY: (gwe = woven cloth, web) + (-ol = suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

gwep
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
face, appearance on one’s face, grimace
y wep the grimace
tynnu gwep
pull a face

:_______________________________.

gwepian
 ‹ › verb
1
pout, make faces

:_______________________________.

gwêr  ‹ › masculine noun
1
tallow = fatty tissue

2
tallow = fatty tissue of sheep or cows melted down and used for making candles and soap
gwêr cannwyll tallow for making candles, candle grease

3
suet, fat = fatty tissue of sheep or cows melted down and used for cooking
gwêr dafad mutton fat
gwêr eidion beef suet

4
similar substance to this
gwêr llysiau vegetable tallow

5
adjective tallow, made of tallow
cannwyll wêr, plural canhwyllau gwêr tallow candle

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *wer < *awer (= water, rain, river)
From the same Celtic root: Irish geir = tallow, suet

:_______________________________.

gwera  ‹ › verb
1
to drip tallow, collect dripping tallow

ETYMOLOGY: (gwêr = tallow) + (-a, suffix for forming verbs with the meaning of ‘to collect’)

:_______________________________.

gwerdd

1
feminine form of gwyrdd = green

:_______________________________.

gwerddon  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwerddonau ‹ ›
1
green spot
y werddon the green spot
Y Werddon place name, Wrecsam (English name: Island Green)

2
oasis = place with water and trees in a desert

3
(figurative) oasis = place regarded as being like an oasis, pleasant place in unattractive or uninteresting surroundings

Pan oedd y tîm yn chwarae yn Sir y Fflint fe fyddai’n mynd ar ôl y gêm i werddon ardderchog o’r enw Mountain View ym Mochdre
When the team was playing in the county of Fflint it would go after the game to a splendid oasis (i.e. a pub) called Mountain View in Mochdre

ETYMOLOGY: two possible explanations:
(gwerdd, feminine form of gwyrdd = green) + (-on, suffix);
otherwise from Iwerddon (colloquially sometimes Y Werddon) = Ireland

:_______________________________.

gwerfa  ‹ › feminine noun
South-east Wales
1
sheltered place for cattle from the sun
y werfa the sheltered spot

(1) Y Werfa name of a mansion in Aber-nant, Aber-dâr (English name: Werfa House), and of a former colliery here; Twyn y Werfa hill by Y Werfa (“(the) hill (of) Y Werfa”)

(2) Y Werfa place on the south side of the road between Cwm-parc (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) and Blaengwynfi (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan), near Bwlch yr Afan and Twyn Crug yr Afan

(3) Maesywerfa farm east of Bryncethin, county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (“(the) field (of) the shelter”)

(4) Wyrfa Uchaf farm in Y Rugos (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf), and by here Cwm Wyrfa

ETYMOLOGY: göoerfa (literally “very cool / cold place”) > gwerfa (with a further development > gwyrfa; the replacement of the original vowel in this position by the obscure vowel is not unusual in Welsh, and is frequent in south-eastern Welsh)
(go = intensifying prefix) + (oerfa = cool place); this latter word is (oer = cold, cool; -fa = place)

:_______________________________.

gwerin
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
y werin
= the ordinary people
cân werin = folk song

:_______________________________.

gweriniaeth, gweriniaethau
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
republic
y weriniaeth = the republic

:_______________________________.

gweriniaethol
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
republican

:_______________________________.

gweriniaetholdeb
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
republicanism

:_______________________________.

gweriniaethwr, gweriniaethwyr
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
republican

:_______________________________.

gwerinol
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
belonging to / characteristic of the ordinary people

:_______________________________.

gwerinos
 ‹ › (feminine noun or plural noun)
1
the ordinary people (gwerin + -os; can be disparaging or affectionate)
y werinos / y gwerinos = the ordinary people

:_______________________________.

gwerinwr, gwerinwyr
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
one of the ordinary people; countryman
2
in chess, a pawn

:_______________________________.

gwerllyd  ‹ › adjective
1
tallowy, greasy

ETYMOLOGY: (gwêr = tallow ) + (-llyd adjectival suffix)

:_______________________________.

gwerlod
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
a southern form of gweirglodd hay meadow
y werlod = the hay meadow
See gweirglodd

2
“pen y werlod” “(the) end / edge (of) the haymeadow”
“Penywerlod Road”, street name in Markham, Y Coed-duon (county of Caerffili)

The Welsh name would be Heol Penywerlod
(pen = end) + soft mutation + (gwerlod, a southern form of gweirglodd = hay meadow)

:_______________________________.

gwern  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwernydd, gwerni ‹ ›
1
alder grove, alder wood
y wern = the alder grove

2
alder marsh, swamp, marsh, quagmire

3
meadow = wet meadow

4
moor

5
Gwernydd street name in Gerlan, Bethesda (county of Gwynedd)

6
Gwernydd
SJ0802 locality in Llanwyddelan, district of Maldwyn (county of Powys)

7 Y Wernydd various place names (with soft mutation after the definite article)

8
wern soft mutated form of gwern (= alder wood, alder grove; alder swamp, wet ground; meadow; moor)
y wern the alder swamp

Used in some place names as a radical from instead of gwern

Wernywylan (“Wern y Wylan”) (“(the) moor / wet ground (of) the seagull”)
Street name
..a/ Llandudno, county of Conwy
..b/ Cricieth, county of Gwynedd

(the expected form would be gwern y gwylan)

Other words with the soft-mutated form used as the radical: gwaun / waun (= heathland), ban / fan (= cim)

ETYMOLOGY: Extension of the meaning of the collective noun gwern (= alder trees).
See gwernen

:_______________________________.

gwerndir, gwerndiroedd
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
land with alders

:_______________________________.

gwernen, gwern
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
alder tree
y wernen = the alder tree

ETYMOLOGY: (gwern = alder trees) + (-en singulative suffix) 

gwern < British *vern-

The Gaulish word related to modern Welsh gwern has given vern (= alder tree) in Catalan, and French dialect verne (= alder tree) (alder tree is an unrelated word aune in standard French), hence places in France called Verne,
Vernay, Verney, Vernier, Vernette, etc

:_______________________________.

Y Gwernllwyn
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
alder grove (place name)

:_______________________________.

gwernog
 ‹ › (adjective) (feminine noun)
1
full of alders;
2
(feminine noun) alder swamp
y wernog = the alder swamp

:_______________________________.

gwernos  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwernosydd ‹ ›
1
small alders, stunted alders

2
Gwernos Street name in Treforus, county of Abertawe

3
Y Wernos
..a/ locality near Crucadarn in the district of Brycheiniog (county of Powys)
..b/ locality near Rhydaman (county of Caerfyrddin)

4
Y Wernas-deg locality in Beddgelert (county of Gwynedd)
y wernas deg < y wernos deg (“fair small alders”)
(There are other examples in Welsh of the change o > a in final syllables. See a)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwern = alders, alder trees) + (-os suffix for forming diminutives of collective nouns, especially those of certain plants). Such words with –os are used as if feminine singular nouns, hence soft mutation after the definite article.

:_______________________________.

Gwern-y-go ‹ ›
1
SO2291 locality in Y Sarn, Y Drenewydd, district of Maldwyn (county of Powys)

ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (without reference to earlier forms) (“(the’) alder swamp / meadow (of) the smith”)
(gwern = alder swamp / meadow) + (y = definite article)+ (go, northern form of gof = smith)

:_______________________________.

gwerog  ‹ › adjective
1
tallowy, greasy

ETYMOLOGY: (gwêr = tallow ) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

gwers  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwersi ‹ ›
1
lesson = class
y wers the lesson
rhoi gwersi Cymraeg i oedolion give Welsh classes to adults

2
lesson = example of behaviour, attitudes or an action considered worthy of imitation
Mae ei ddatganiadau i’r wasg yn wers i bawb ohonom ar sut i gadw ein polisïau yn llygaid y cyhoedd yn gyson
His declarations to the press are a lesson to all of us on how to keep our policies in the public eye constantly

3
lesson = humiliating experience which causes somebody to alter behaviour
cael gwers gan receive a lesson from
dysgu gwers i teach a lesson to
Fe fydd yn wers iddi It’ll be a lesson for her
Buasai’n well i ni ddysgu gwers fach iddo i’w atgoffa fo pwy yw’r bòs yn y fan hyn
we ought to teach him a lesson to remind him who’s the boss here

4
lecture = reprimand, telling off, dressing down, etc which serves too change one’s behaviour
Anghofia i byth y wers mewn bod yn onest ges i gyno fo pan oeddwn yn blentyn
I shall never forget the lesson in honesty I received from him when I was a child

5
lesson = experience which provides someone with useful knowledge
6 penydwers punishment; an extra school lesson as a punishment, in the lunch break or after the normal school day (penyd = penance) + soft mutation + (gwers = lesson)
Nid oedd gennym wersi Cymraeg yn yr ysgol, ond fel penydwers
We didn’t have Welsh lessons at school, except as a punishment class

7
obsolete verse

8
district of Llyn in the county of Gwynedd verse in the Bible, Biblical verse

9
county of Y Fflint religious service
gwers gladdu burial service

10
obsolete period, while, space of time
ym mhen gwers after a while
In his Archaeologia Britannica (1707) Edward Lhuyd notes: Ym pen gvers, a while after. This is still retain’d in the Counties of Monmouth, Hereford, Brecknoc, and Glamorg.

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin versus (= verse, line, row) < vertere (= to turn)
From the same British root: Cornish gwers (= verse), Breton gwers (= period of time), gwerz (= verse)
From the same Latin root: Irish fearsa (= verse)

:_______________________________.

gwerslyfr  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerslyfrau ‹ ›
1
textbook, lesson book

ETYMOLOGY: (gwers = lesson) + soft mutation + (llyfr = book)

:_______________________________.

gwersyll  ‹ › m
PLURAL gwersylloedd  ‹ ›
1
campsite

2 camp

3 gwersyll difodi
extermination camp
gwersylloedd difodi’r Natsïaid the Nazi extermination camps

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwersyll (camp < lookout place) < gwarsyll (gwar < gwor = on) + (syll-, stem syllu = to look). The y of the final syllable has caused the vowel change in the preceding syllable a > e, which happened regularly in Welsh

:_______________________________.

gwersyll ffoaduriaid
 ‹ › m
PLURAL gwersylloedd ffoaduriaid ‹ ›
1 refugee camp

ETYMOLOGY: (gwersyll = camp) + (ffoaduriaid = refugees, < ffoadur = refugee)

:_______________________________.

gwersyll mynd-a-dod
 ‹ ›
m
1 transit camp

ETYMOLOGY: (gwersyll = camp) + (mynd a dod = go and come)

:_______________________________.

gwersyll ysgol
 ‹ › m
PLURAL gwersylloedd ysgol ‹ ›
1 school camp
mynd i wersyll ysgol go to school camp

ETYMOLOGY: (gwersyll = camp) + (ysgol = school)

:_______________________________.

gwersylla
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to camp

:_______________________________.

gwersyllt  ‹ ›
1 camp; See: gwersyll

ETYMOLOGY: gwersyll (= camp) + (non-
ETYMological -t)
Cf deall (= to understand) > dallt (North Wales)

:_______________________________.

Gwersyllt
 ‹ ›
1 SJ3152 locality in Wrecsam Maelor (Clwyd)

ETYMOLOGY: gwersyll (= camp) + (non-etymological -t)
Cf deall (= to understand) > dallt (North Wales)

This is the APPARENT meaning. In fact it is a Cymricisation of the English place name Wershull (1315) (= gallows hill) (Llafar Gwlad, Haf 1985, Rhif 9)

The name “Wershull” came to be associated with Welsh gwersyll (= camp)

So in fact (gwersyll = Welsh word for “camp” which displaced Wershull) + (non-etymological -t)

NOTE: English words with intial w- regularly became gw- in Welsh

wall > gwal (= wall)

waistcoat > gwasgod (= waistcoat)

Westberie (1086 > Gwesbyr - village in the county of Y Fflint)

Wrexham > Gwrecsam (town in the north-east; though Wrecsam is now used in contemporary Welsh)

:_______________________________.

gwersyllu
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to camp

:_______________________________.

gwersyllwr
 ‹ ›
1
camper

:_______________________________.

gwerth, gwerthoedd
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
value, worth
ar werth – for sale
o ddim gwerth = worthless, not worth anything

2
faint bynnag fo’i werth whatever it may be worth, whatever its worth

3
os yw o ryw werth if it’s of any interest to you, for what it’s worth, if it’s of any use to you, if it’ll help you at all
Fe weda i wrtho ti beth oodd ’nhad-cu yn ’feddwl am y Blaid Lafur yn y Cwm hyn, os yw o ryw werth
I’ll tell you what my grandad thought of the Labour Party in this valley, if it’s of any worth

4
worth (in indicating value in terms of price)
gwerth iwro o glipiau papur a euro’s worth of paper clips

5
Dyw e ddim yn werth y fenter no val la pena de córrer tant de perill

6
Mae pob sylw yn werth ei gael All publicity is good publicity (“every observation is worth its getting”)

7
faint bynnag fo’i werth for what it’s worth ,
whatever it may be worth, although it is probably not of any importance

beth bynnag fo’i werth for what it’s worth ,
whatever it may be worth

beth bynnag fo gwerth hynny for what it’s worth

Dyna fy marn innau, beth bynnag fo’i werth That’s my view, for what it’s worth

:_______________________________.

gwerth arian  ‹ ›
1
valuable, expensive, worth a fortune

Fe gawson nhw anrhegion gwerth arian They received some expensive presents

gwerth arian o a fortune (in...)
prynu gwerth arian o bethach spend a fortune on things (“buy a fortune of things”)
Mae gwerth arian o stampie yn 'i gasgliad He’s got a stamp collection that’s worth a fortune
Mae gwerth arian o lyfrau yn y bocsus ‘ma There’s a fortune in books in these boxes

ETYMOLOGY: (gwerth = value) + (arian = money)

:_______________________________.

gwerth eich pwysau mewn aur  ‹ › adjectival
1
worth one’s weight in gold

:_______________________________.

gwerth eich cofio  ‹ › adjectival
1
worth remembering (“worth your remembering”) ;
Dywediad gwerth ei gofio yw hwn This is a saying worth remembering

:_______________________________.

gwerth eich halen  ‹ › adjectival
1
bod gwerth eich halen

a) be worth one’s salt = deserving respect or admiration
pawb gwerth ei halen anybody who’s anybody (“everybody worth his salt”) ;
Mae’n ymddangos fod pawb gwerth ei halen yn Lloegr yn nabod ysbïwr
It seems that anyone worth their salt in England knows a spy

b) be worth one’s salt = be genuine, worthy of the description, efficient in one’s job
Bydd unrhyw leidr gwerth ei halen yn torri i mewn i’ch ty tra eich bod allan ar nos Sadwrn
any thief worth his salt will break into your house while you are out on Saturday night

c) be worth one’s salt = (employee) be worthy, of one’s pay, work well for one’s salary

d) be worth one’s salt = be valuable, be useful

2
dyw e ddim gwerth ei halen he’s a worthless character, he’s useless (“he’s not worth his salt”)

ETYMOLOGY: bod gwerth eich halen “be worth one’s salt”; originally worth the value of salt that one consumes - at one time a very expensive commodity. Compare the English expression ‘be worth your weight in gold”

:_______________________________.

gwerth eich punnoedd  ‹ › adjectival
1
loaded, rich;
Mae’n werth ei bunnoedd He’s stinking rich (“he’s worth his pounds”)

:_______________________________.

gwerthfa  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwerthféydd ‹ ›
1
outlet, retail outlet, point of sale, selling place
y werthfa the outlet

:_______________________________.

gwerthfawr  ‹ › adjective
1
valuable = of great monetary value
carreg werthfawr
precious stone

2
valuable, valued = of great importance;
aelod gwerthfawr o’r gymdeithas a valued member of the organisation

3
valuable = very useful
llyfr taith gwerthfawr a defnyddiol iawn a very valuable and useful guidebook;
Mae’r Samariaid yn rhoi gwasanaeth eithriadol werthfawr The Samaritans provide an extremely valuable service

:_______________________________.

gwerthfawrogi  ‹ › verb with an object
1
appreciate = feel thankful for

2
appreciate = value highly; see the true value of; praise, eulogise

3
appreciate = be sensitive to (the qualities of art, music)
Dyw hi ddim yn gwerthfawrogi’r math hwnnw o gerddoriaeth She doesn’t appreciate that sort of music

:_______________________________.

gwerthfawrogiad  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthfawrogiadau ‹ ›
1
appreciation = gratitude

2
appreciation = assessment of the true value of a person or thing; praise
Bu farw ddeufis yn ôl ond ni welais yr un gair o werthfawrogiad iddi yn unman
She died two months ago but I haven’t seen one word of appreciation for her anywhere

3
appreciation = sensitivity (to the qualities of art, music)

:_______________________________.

gwerthfawrogol  ‹ › adjective
1
appreciative

:_______________________________.

gwerth gwaed  ‹ › masculine noun
1
rhoi gwerth gwaed to spare no effort (am = to do something) (“to give the value of blood”)

:_______________________________.

gwerthiant  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthiannau ‹ ›
1
sale
2
(newspaper) sales, circulation;
Mae gwerthiant y ‘Cymro’ wedi mynd i lawr yn ddiweddar
Sales of the “Cymro” have decreased recently

:_______________________________.

gwerth marchnad  ‹ › masculine noun
1
market value = price at which something could be sold determined by the strength of demand, rather than than the price based on its presumed value

:_______________________________.

gwerthol  ‹ › feminine noun
North Wales
See: gwarthol = stirrup

:_______________________________.

gwerth sôn amdano  ‹ › adjectival
after a feminine noun: werth sôn amdani
1
worth talking about, worth mentioning, to speak of, worthy of the name
Tydan ni ddim wedi cael gaea’ gwerth sôn amdano ers deng mlynadd bellach
We haven’t had a winter worth talking about for ten years now

:_______________________________.

gwerth taten pob  ‹ › adjectival
1
dydi o ddim gwerth tatan pob it’s not worth a thing, it has no value at all (“it’s not worth a baked potato”)

:_______________________________.

gwerth trethiannol  ‹ › masculine noun
1
rateable value, the value given to a house as a basis for deciding how much local tax the owner should pay (“taxable value”)

:_______________________________.

gwerthu
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to sell

2
gwerthu rhywbeth ar golled sell something at a loss
gwerthu rhywbeth am ei gost sell something at cost price (“sell something for its cost”)

3
nwyddau i'w gwerthu neu i'w ddychwelyd goods sent on a sale-or-return basis

4 peiriant gwerthu slot machine, vending machine = machine which sells small articles such as sweets or cigarettes operated by coins; (a direct translation of English vending machine)

5
gwerthu sebon
to softsoap, to flatter, to lay it on thick (“to sell soap”)

6 gwerthu’r fuwch i brynu tarw to rob Peter to bay Paul (“sell the cow to buy a bull”)

7
gwerthu ar ocsiwn
 ‹ › to auction, to sell at an auction

8
gwerthu fel fflamiau  ‹ › (phrase) sell like hotcakes (“like flames”)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr, gwerthwyr
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
seller

2
gwerthwyr gorau
 ‹ › bestsellers

3
gwerthwr caws cheesemonger
gwerthwr llaeth dairyman, milk seller
haearnwerthwr ironmonger, hardware shop owner

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr ceffylau  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr ceffylau ‹ ›
1
horse dealer

ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) horses” (gwerthwr = seller) + (ceffylau = horses)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr da pluog  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr da pluog ‹ ›
1
poulterer

ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) poultry” (gwerthwr = seller) + (da pluog = poultry)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr dodefnod  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr dodefnod ‹ ›
1
poulterer

ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) poultry” (gwerthwr = seller) + (dodefnod = poultry)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr eli  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr eli ‹ ›
1
obsolete ointment seller
Ganrif yn ôl cymeriad cyfarwydd ym mlaenau cymoedd Gwent a Morgannwg oedd y gwerthwr eli
A century ago a familiar character at the heads of the valleys of the Gwent and Morgannwg valleys was the ointment seller

ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) ointment” (gwerthwr = seller) + (eli = ointment)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr ffrwythau a llysiau  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr ffrwythau a llysiau ‹ ›
1
greengrocer, seller of fruit and vegetables

ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) fruit and vegtables” (gwerthwr = seller) + (ffrwythau a llysiau = fruit and vegtables)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr glo  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr glo ‹ ›
1
coal merchant, person who sells coal usually for domestic use

ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) coal” (gwerthwr = seller) + (glo = coal)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr gwartheg  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr pethau ail law ‹ ›
1
cattle dealer

ETYMOLOGY: "seller (of) cattle" (gwerthwr = seller) + (gwartheg = cattle)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr gwinoedd  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr gwinoedd ‹ ›
1
wine merchant

ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) wines” (gwerthwr = seller) + (gwinoedd = wines)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr gwirodydd  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr gwirodydd ‹ ›
1
liquor merchant, seller of alcoholic drinks

ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) alcoholic drinks” (gwerthwr = seller) + (gwirodydd = alcoholic drinks)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr hen lyfrau  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr hen lyfrau ‹ ›
1
seller of antiquarian books, second-hand bookseller

ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) old books” (gwerthwr = seller) + (hen = old) + soft mutation + (llyfrau = books)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr hetiau  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr hetiau ‹ ›
1
seller of hats; milliner = seller of women’s hats

ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) hats” (gwerthwr = seller) + (hetiau = hats)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwriaeth  ‹ › feminine noun
1
salesmanship

ETYMOLOGY: (gwerthwr = seller) + (-i-aeth suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr manion gwnïo  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr manion gwnïo ‹ ›
1
(Englandic: haberdasher, seller of sewing materials - pins, needles, threads, buttons, zips, hooks-and-eyes, velcro, etc)

ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) small-items (of) sewing” (gwerthwr = seller) + (manion = small items) + (gwnïo = to sew)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr nwyddau papur  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr nwyddau papur ‹ ›
1
stationer

ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) goods (of) paper” (gwerthwr = seller) + (nwyddau = goods, products) + (papur = paper)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr moch  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr moch ‹ ›
1
pig dealer

ETYMOLOGY: "seller (of) pigs" (gwerthwr = seller) + (moch = pigs)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr papurau newydd  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr papurau newydd ‹ ›
1
(USA: newsdealer) (Englandic: newsagent)

ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) newspapers” (gwerthwr = seller) + (papurau newydd = “papers (of) what-is-new)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr pethau ail law  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr pethau ail law ‹ ›
1
second-hand dealer

ETYMOLOGY: "seller (of) second-hand things" (gwerthwr = seller) + (pethau = things) + (ail law = second hand)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr pob peth  ‹ › m
PLURAL gwerthwyr pob peth ‹ ›
1
general dealer = shopkeeper who has a general store
2
Cf. siop bob peth general store, general stores = shop selling a wide variety of merchandise – food, clothing, hardware, stationery, newspapers, etc

ETYMOLOGY: "seller (of) every thing" (gwerthwr = seller) + (pob = every) + (peth = thing)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr pysgod  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr pysgod ‹ ›
1
fishmonger

ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) fish” (gwerthwr = seller) + (pysgod = fishes)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr tir a thai  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr tir a thai ‹ ›
1
(USA: realtor) (Englandic: estate agent)

ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) land and houses” (gwerthwr = seller) + (tir = land) + (a = and) + spirant mutation + (tai = houses)

:_______________________________.

gwerthwr yswiriant  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr yswiriant ‹ ›
1
insurance salesman

ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) insurance” (gwerthwr = seller) + (yswiriant = insurance)

:_______________________________.

gwerthyd, gwerthydau
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
spindle
y werthyd the spindle

:_______________________________.

Gwerthyr
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
(north-west) PLACE NAMES = fort

:_______________________________.

gweryd  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerydau ‹ ›
1
earth, soil
Cafodd ei gladdu yng ngweryd y llan
He was buried in the churchyard (“in the soil of the parish church”)

2
grave

3
(county of Penfro) manure
gweryd cwdyn artificial fertiliser (“fertiliser (of) bag”)

4
cemetery
(Aber-dâr) Byddai ein Gweryd (Cemetery), ein Park, a’n Coleg - St. Michael’s - hen balasdy y Fothergills, yn addurn i unrhyw dref yn Nghymru (Geninen 1901 / tudalen 50 / Dyffryn Cynon / Jenkin Howell)
Our cemetery, our park, and our college – St. Michael’s – the old Fothergill mansion – would be an asset to any town in Wales

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
from the same British root: Cornish gweres (= earth, soil)

:_______________________________.

gwerydo  ‹ › verb
1
to manure
gwerydu’r tir to manure the land
(county of Penfro) gwerido ‹ ›

ETYMOLOGY: (gweryd- < gweryd = manure) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

gweryru
 ‹ › (verb)
1
whinny, neigh (horse)

2
In Bae Malltraeth (“(the) bay (of) Malltraeth”) off Llangadwaladr (SH3869) there is a rock shaped like a mare called Caseg Falltraeth (“(the) mare (of) Malltraeth”) (Note: in the north-west caseg > casag)
A number of smaller rocks between Y Gaseg (the mare) and the shore are called Yr Ebolion (= the foals)
The rock has a cleft; and locally it is said Mae’r gasag yn gweryru (the mare is neighing) when in a storm the sea rushes through the cleft, producing an odd sound
(From an article by Tomos Roberts in “Ar Draws Gwlad – Ysgrifau ar Enwau Lleoedd” / Gwynedd O. Pierce, Tomos Roberts, Hywel Wyn Owen / 1997 / Gwasg Carreg Walch)

:_______________________________.

Gwesbyr  ‹ ›
1 (SJ1183) locality in the county of Y Fflint

ETYMOLOGY: Recorded in the year 1086 as Westberie (an English name = western farmstead; corresponds to modern English west, bury = (place names) fort)

:_______________________________.

gwest ‹ ›
PLURAL gwesti, gweston ‹ ›
1
(obsolete) night's lodging

2
(obsolete) feast

3
(obsolete) food-rent, provisions for the king and his court

4
gwestai
guest
gwesty hotel
gwestyn darling
garddwest garden fête (such as a church festival held in a rectory garden)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *west-
From the same British root: Cornish gwest (= lodging), Breton banvez (= banquet, wedding feast) (ban ?element meaning ‘woman’’, as in Irish bean) + (gwes)
From the same Celtic root: Irish feis (=lodging, festival;), banais (= wedding feast) (bean? = woman) + (feis)
Possibly two words of different origins have been confused
*wes
(= stay, spend the night, live; as in dirwest = abstemiousness) and (*we = to enjoy oneself, to feast)

:_______________________________.

gwestai, gwesteion
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
guest

:_______________________________.
gwesty (pural gwestyau, gwestai) ‹ ›
1
hotel
(“house of guests”, gwest < gwest-dy, gwest = guest, soft mutation, ty = house)

:_______________________________.
gwestywr (pural gwestywyr)  ‹ ›
1
hotel owner, hotel manager

:_______________________________.

gweu
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to knit

:_______________________________.

gweud
 ‹ › (verb)
1
(South Wales) to say
(1) standard colloquial dweud ‹ ›, (2) (North Wales) deud ‹ ›

:_______________________________.

gweudneudwr  ‹ › masculine noun
1
(not in general use) South-westerner; word invented by Iolo Morganwg c1822 to describe the people from the county of Caerfyrddin.
In common with the south-easterners, people use the word gweud = to say, (unlike in the north where it is deud, and in standard colloquial Welsh dweud);

But in the south-west, unlike the people of the old county of Morgannwg in the south-east, people use neud (= to do, a reduced form of gneud < gwneud, this latter one being the standard spoken form).
In Morgannwg it is nithur (< gwnithur < gwneuthur)

ETYMOLOGY: “(a person who says “gweud” and “neud”)
(gweud = to say) + (neud = to do) + (-wr = agent suffix);
or possibly, but unlikely, (gweud = to say) + soft mutation + (gneud = to do)

:_______________________________.

gweundir
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
moorland

:_______________________________.

gweunwellt  ‹ › masculine noun
1
meadowgrass
gweunwellt oddfog (Poa bulbosa) bulbous meadowgrass

ETYMOLOGY: literal translation of English meadowgrass
(gweun- < gwaun = meadow) + soft mutation + (gwellt = grass)

:_______________________________.

gweuwraig  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gweuwragedd ‹ ›
1
knitter
y weuwraig the kitter
gweuwraig hosannau stocking knitter

ETYMOLOGY: (gwe- stem of gweu = to knit) + (-wraig = woman)

:_______________________________.

gwëwr  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwëwyr ‹ ›
1
knitter
gwëwr hosannau stocking knitter

ETYMOLOGY: (gwe- stem of gweu = to knit) + (-wr = man)

:_______________________________.

gwewyr
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
pain
2
mewn gwewyr in torment

:_______________________________.

gwg  ‹ ›
masculine noun
1
frown, scowl = angry expression
dod o dan wg (rhywun) incur the disapproval of

bod â’ch gwg ar show disapproval of, take a dim view of
Roedd â’i wg ar yr holl beth He took a dim view of the whole thing (“he was with his frown on / disapproval of the whole thing”

dangos gwg at (North Wales) frown at, show disapproval of (“show frown / disapproval towards”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British > Celtic *weik-
From the same Celtic root: Irish fíoch = anger, fury


:_______________________________.

Gwgan  ‹ ›
1
man’s name

2
Hafodwgan “hafod Wgan” (“(the) summer-farm (of) Gwgan”)
The name of this summer farm in Y Pil (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) went through a series of changes over the centuries, until it became Hafod-deca ; now it is found as a street name Hafod-decaf (qv) in Y Pil (“Hafod Decaf” in the street guides)
This distorted name means (“(the) fairest summer-farm”)
(See“HAFOD and HAFOTY in Welsh Place-names” / Melville Richards)

:_______________________________.

gwgol
 ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwgolau ‹ ›
1
googol = 10100 (1 followed by a hundred zeros)

ETYMOLOGY: name invented by an American mathematician E. Kasner 1878-1955. Googol is apparently the origin of the name of the search engine Google (an invented alternative spelling)

:_______________________________.

gwgu
 ‹ ›
1
to frown

:_______________________________.

gwialen, gwiail
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
rod
y wialen the rod

2
penis
3
helygen wiail (helyg gwiail) (Salix viminalis) osier willow or water willow

:_______________________________.

gwialen bysgota, gwiail pysgota
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
fishing rod

:_______________________________.

gwib
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
rapid movement, whizz
y wib the rapid movement

2
seren wib
shooting star

:_______________________________.

gwibdaith  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwibdeithiau ‹ ›
1
excursion, outing; short two-way trip to a place for sightseeing or relaxation
y wibdaith the excursion
Rydym hefyd wedi darparu gwibdaith i set “Pobl y Cwm” i ddysgwyr y Sir
We have also provided / organised / arranged a trip to the set (of the TV program / programme) “Pobl y Cwm” for learners (of Welsh) in this county

ETYMOLOGY: (gwib- = stem of gwibio = flit, dart, zoom, whoosh) + soft mutation + (taith = journey)

:_______________________________.

gwiber  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwiberod ‹ ›
1
viper = poisonous snake of genus Viperae
y wiber the viper

Eseia 11:7 Y fuwch hefyd a’r arth a borant ynghyd; eu llydnod a gydorweddant; y llew, fel yr ych, a bawr wellt (11:8) A’r plentyn sugno a chwery wrth dwll yr asb; ac ar ffau y wiber yr estyn yr hwn a ddiddyfnwyd ei law
Isaiah 11:7 And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. (11:8) And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice’ den.

2
Vipera berus viper = poisonous Northern Eurasian snake

3
coleddu gwiber yn eich mynwes nourish a viper in your bosom (= protect a person who turns out to be treacherous)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin vîpera (= viper);
Breton naer-wiber (= viper) (“(a) snake (which is a) viper”);

cf English [váipør] viper (= viper)
Cf English {wáivørn} wyvern (= mythological winged snake) < (wyver) + (excrescent -n); < Norman wivre < Latin vîpera

:_______________________________.

gwibfaen  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwibfeini ‹ ›
1
meteorite

ETYMOLOGY: (gwib- = stem of gwibio = flit, dart, zoom, whoosh) + soft mutation + (maen = stone)

:_______________________________.

gwibffordd  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwibffyrdd ‹ ›
1
expressway = road similar to a motorway
y wibffordd the expressway
Mae rhaid creu gwibffyrdd modern rhwng y de a’r gogledd
We have to create modern expressways between the north and the south

ETYMOLOGY: (gwib- = stem de gwibio = flit, dart, zoom, whoosh) + soft mutation + (ffordd = road); the word is based on English expressway

:_______________________________.

gwibio
 ‹ ›
1
to dart

:_______________________________.

gwich  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwichiau ‹ ›
1
(mouse) squeak
y wich the squeak
2
(wheel) squeak, creak

ETYMOLOGY: Breton: gwic’h = wailing, sqeaking

:_______________________________.

gwichal  ‹ › verb
South-west Wales
1
squeak

ETYMOLOGY: (gwich = squeak) + (-al suffix)

:_______________________________.

gwichiad
 ‹ ›
1
a squeak

:_______________________________.

gwichian
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to squeak

:_______________________________.

gwidman
 ‹ ›
1
(South Wales) widower

:_______________________________.

gwidw
 ‹ ›
1
widow
y widw the widow

:_______________________________.

gwidwith
 ‹ ›
1
midwife
y widwith the midwife

:_______________________________.

gwifren, gwifrau
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
wire
y wifren the wire

2
(electricity) wire

:_______________________________.

gwifren cwt ieir  ‹ › feminine noun
1
chicken wire = wire with a hexagonal mesh (“wire (of) hen coop”)
also weiren cwt ieir

:_______________________________.

Gwìl
 ‹ › (masculine noun
1
diminutive of Gwilym

:_______________________________.

Gwilym  ‹ › masculine noun
1
man's name = William
Short forms: Gwìl, Cwìl


2
patronymic = “(son of) Gwilym”, with the loss of the link word ap = son
(Dafydd Gwilym < Dafydd ap Gwilym)


3
surname, from the patronymic = “(descendant of) (the son of) Gwilym”
(anglicised form: Gwillim, Gwilliam, Williams)


4
in certain place names in the old genitive form (that is, with soft mutation Gwilym > Wilym)


..a/ Craigwilym place name in Pen-tyrch (county of Caer-dydd) - name of a tenenment in the year 1666
(“(the) rock (of) William”)


..b/ Rhydwilym (SN1124) locality in the county of Caerfyrddin at Llandysilio
(“(the) ford (of) William”)


..c/ Stad Pontwilym (“Pontwillim Estate”), Aberhonddu (county of Powys)
(“(the) bridge (of) William”)

ETYMOLOGY: < English William (Dutch Willem, French Guillaume, German Wilhelm) (William was a name introduced by the Normans, and was popular because it was the name of a number of English monarchs (it corresponds to the modern English words will = intent, purpose, helm / helmet = protective headgear)

:_______________________________.

gwin, gwinoedd
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
wine

:_______________________________.

gwinau
 ‹ › (adj)
1
chestnut brown

:_______________________________.

gwindy  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwindai ‹ ›
1
winehouse, place where wine is stored or sold
2
Place names Pontygwindy (county of Caerffili) (“(the) bridge (of) the wine house”, or “bridge by the house called ‘Gwindy’”)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwin = wine) + soft mutation + (ty = house)

:_______________________________.

gwinedd
 ‹ ›
1
colloquial form of ewinedd = finger nails, toe nails, cats claws

:_______________________________.

gwinegr
 ‹ ›
1
vinegar

:_______________________________.

gwineugoch  ‹ › adjective
1
brown
gwenith gwineugoch (South-east Wales) brown wheat

ETYMOLOGY: (gwineu-, penult form of gwinau = brown) + soft mutation + (coch = red)

:_______________________________.

gwingar  ‹ › adjective
1
fond of wine
Titus 1:7 Canys rhaid i esgob fod yn ddiargyhoedd, fel goruchwyliwr Duw; nid yn gyndyn, nid yn ddicllon, nid yn wingar, nid yn drawydd, nid yn budrelwa
Titus 1:7 For a bishop must be blameless, as the steward of God; not selfwilled, not soon angry, not given to wine, no striker, not given to filthy lucre

ETYMOLOGY: (gwin = wine) + (-gar suffix for forming adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’; cf caru = to love)

:_______________________________.

gwinwydden  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwinwydd ‹ ›
1
Vitis vinifera = vine, grapevine
y winwydden the grapevine
2
gwinwydden ddu PLURAL gwinwydd duon Tamus communis = black bryony
3
gwinwydden wyllt PLURAL gwinwydd gwylltion Lonicrea Periclymemum = honeysuckle

ETYMOLOGY: (gwinwydd = vines) + (-en singulative suffix); (gwin = wine) + soft mutation + (gwydd = trees)

:_______________________________.

gwiniolen  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwiniol ‹ ›

1
(South Wales) Acer campestre = field maple. The Northern form is cynhowlen. The standard name is Masarnen Leiaf
y winiolen the field maple

ETYMOLOGY: Apparently this was originally gwenwialen ‘white rod’ (gwen feminine form of gwyn = white) + soft mutation + (gwialen = rod). (In 1707 and in 1753 it is noted that in south-east Wales the tree is called gwenwialen). Another possibility is that the origin of the word is gwinwialen, the first element being gwin (= wine).

:_______________________________.

gwinllan  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwinllannoedd, gwinllannau ‹ ›
1
vineyard, place planted with vines
y winllan the vineyard

2
North Wales wood, brake, copse, coppice
gwinllan dew o ddrysau ger afon Dwyfor
a dense bramble brake near the river Dwyfor

gwinllan goed wood

Mi fuon ni’n chwarae mewn gwinllan goed gerlláw yr hen gartref
We used to play in a wood by the old home

3
plantation;
gwinllan helyg = willow plantation


helygen y gwinllannoedd (Salix) willow
(“willow of the plantations”)

See: helygen

4
Place names: Y Winllan
.....(1) Tal-y-bont (county of Ceredigion),
.....(2) Llanddeiniolen (county of Gwynedd)

5
Y Winllan 1848-1965 Methodist youth magazine

6
chapel
Dim ond am dymor byr, yn ifanc, y bu ef yn gweithio’n y winllan. Wedi hynny ni thywyllodd le o addoliad eto
He was an active member of the chapel for only a short period, when he was young. After that he never set foot ever again in a chapel.

7
said of something put into the care of another

y winllan a roddwyd i’w ofal the vineyard entrusted to his care

Sant Mathew 21.41 Hwy a ddywedasant wrtho, Efe a ddifethas yn llwyr y dynion drwg hynny, ac a esyd y winllan i lafurwyr eraill, y rhai a dalant iddo’r ffrwythau yn eu hamserau
St Matthew 21.41 They say unto him, He will miserably destroy those wicked men, and will let out his vineyard unto other husbandmen, which shall render him the fruits in their seasons

Cafodd gi defaid yn anrheg a bridiodd sawl pencampwr ar ôl hyn. Roedd yn falch o weld ffrwyth blynyddoedd o fridio yn deillio o’r winllan a roddwyd i’m gofal
He was given a sheep dog as a present and he bred many a champion after this. He was proud to see the fruit of years of breeding which resulted from the vineyard entrusted to his care

Hosea 2.15 A mi a roddaf iddi ei gwinllannoedd o’r honno, a dyffryn Achor yn ddrws gobaith
Hosea 2.15 And I will give her her vineyards from thence, and the valley of Achor for a door of hope

8
vintage = grape harvest

Job 24:6 Medant eu hŷd yn y maes; a gwinllan yr annuwiol a gasglant
Job 24:6 They reap every one his corn in the field: and they gather the vintage of the wicked.

ETYMOLOGY: (gwin = wine, vine) + soft mutation + (llan = yard) > *gwinlan > gwinllan; in some words the mutation is lost in such a combination cf English {vinyø’d} vineyard;
(vine) + (yard)

:_______________________________.

gwinllanol  ‹ › adjective
1
winegrowing
ardal winllannol winegrowing area

ETYMOLOGY: (gwinllann- < gwinllan = vineyard) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Gwion
 ‹ ›
1
man’s name

:_______________________________.

gwir
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
true
2
ydi’n wir isn’t it / she / he? indeed it is / she is / he is
tag element after an afirmative statement, as an exclamation

Mae hi’n dda, ydi’n wir She’s good, she really is

3
(before a noun) true, genuine

Beth yw’r wir stori am ddiflaniad sydyn ei wraig?
What’s the true story behind the sudden disappearance of his wife?

gwir angen
real necessity

Mae arnaf fi ei wir angen I really need it (“there-is on me its true need”)

Byddwn yn gwario arian ar bethau nad oedd eu gwir angen arnaf
I used to spend money on things I didn’t really need (“I spent money on things that-not there-was their true need on-me”)

4
(before an adjective) truly
Mae’n wir ddrwg gen i I’m really sorry, I’m awfully sorry, I’m truly sorry

:_______________________________.

gwir
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
truth
nithio’r gwir o’r gau sort the truth from lies (“winnow the truth from the false”)

Mae’r gwir yn y cwrw
In vino veritas (“the truth is in the beer”)

Llawer gwir gorau ei gelu

Many things are best left unsaid (“many a truth best its hiding”)

Daw’r gwir ar glawr
The truth will reveal itself

Y gwir a fyn y golau Truth will out (“the ruth will demand the light”)

:_______________________________.

gwireb (feminine noun)
 ‹ ›
1
truism, obvious truth
y wireb the truism

:_______________________________.

gwireddu (verb)
 ‹ ›
1
make (something) come true
cael ei wireddu come true

:_______________________________.

gwirfodd  ‹ › masculine noun
1 consent

2 free will
o’ch gwirfodd voluntarily, of your own free will
gwneud rhywbeth o’ch gwirfodd do something of your own free will

ETYMOLOGY: (gwir = true ) + soft mutation + (bodd = will)

:_______________________________.

gwirfoddol
 ‹ › (adj)
1
voluntary

:_______________________________.

gwirfoddoli  ‹ › verb
1
volunteer
gwirfoddoli i wneud rhywbeth volunteer to do something
2
volunteer = (ironic) be pressured into offering to do sth against one's will

ETYMOLOGY: (gwirfoddol = voluntary) + (-i suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

gwirfoddolwr  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwirfoddolwyr  ‹ ›
1
volunteer

2
volunteer = (ironic) person obliged to do a thing, but manipulated so that it seems that he or she has agreed willingly

ETYMOLOGY: (gwirfoddol = voluntary) + (-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

gwirion
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
(South) innocent, naïve

2
(North) simple, idiotic

:_______________________________.

gwirionedd, gwirioneddau
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
truth
2
gorau arf gwirionedd honesty is the best policy (“best weapon truth”)

:_______________________________.

gwirioni
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to dote on
Nid yw pawb yn gwirioni yr un fath It takes all sorts to make a world (“not everybody dotes (on things) in the same way”)

:_______________________________.

gwirionyn  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwirioniaid ‹ ›
1 idiot, blockhead, dolt, fool, oaf, fool, cretin, numskull

ETYMOLOGY: (gwirion = stupid) + (-yn suffix to make a noun from an adjective)

:_______________________________.

gwirod, gwirodydd
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
liquor, spirits
2
lefel wirod spirit level

:_______________________________.

gwirod gwyn  ‹ › masculine noun
1
white spirit = liquid from petroleum used as a turpentine substute

ETYMOLOGY: calque on English white spirit (gwirod = spirit) + (gwyn = white)

:_______________________________.

gwirodwr  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwirodwyr ‹ ›
1
liquor merchant

ETYMOLOGY: (gwirod = liquor) + (-wr, suffix = ‘man’)

:_______________________________.

gwisg, gwisgau
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
dress
y wisg the dress

- gwisg nos, gwisgau nos
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
night dress

:_______________________________.

gwisgïo  ‹ › verb
(North Wales)
1
(nut) become loose from husk

2
(nut) become ripe, be ripe

3
(nut) strip the covering from the shell, shell a nut

ETYMOLOGY: (gwisgi = ripe) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: also with the loss of the first syllable ‘sgïo

:_______________________________.

gwisgo
 ‹ › (verb)
1
(verb without an object) to get dressed; to dress

2
(verb with an object) put on
gwisgo eich esgidiau put on your shoes (“wear your shoes”)

3
gwisgo hosan o bob pâr wear odd socks (“wear (a) sock of each pair”)

4
a gwisgo ynddo (piece of clothing) hard-wearing (“and wearing in it”)

5 bwrdd gwisgo dressing table

6 ymwisgo get dressed, dress oneself
(ym- = reflexive prefix ) + soft mutation + (gwisgo = dress oneself)

:_______________________________.

gwiw
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
fitting, seemly

2
useful, profitable
nid gwiw / ’wiw it is useless, it is pointless, there’s no point

Nid gwiw wylo am yr hyn sydd ddiadfer
It’s no use crying over spilt milk
(“It-is-not profitable crying for the thing which-is irrecuperable”, it is useless to cry over what cannot be restored)

Cornish gwiw (= fitting, seemly, worthy)
Breton gwiv (= lively, merry)
Irish fíu (= fitting, seemly, worthy)

Gaulish personal name Visurix (= worthy king)


From Celtic uisu- < uesu- (= good)
:_______________________________.

gwiwer, gwiwerod
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
squirrel
y wiwer = the squirrel

:_______________________________.

gwlad, gwledydd
 ‹ ›
1
country
y wlad the country
gelyn pennaf y wlad public enemy number one (“(the) main enemy (of) the country”)

2
yr hyfryd wlad the pleasant land (= Palestine)

Daniel 8:9 Ac o un ohonynt y daeth allan gorn bychan, ac a dyfodd yn rhagorol, tua’r deau, a thua’r dwyrain, a thua’r hyfryd wlad.
Daniel 8:9 And out of one of them came forth a little horn, which waxed exceeding great, toward the south, and toward the east, and toward the pleasant land.

3
hoff wlad Duw God’s own country (“(the) favorite country (of) God”)

4
dibynwlad dependency = country dependent on another
(dibyn- < dibynnu = to depend) + soft mutation + (gwlad = country)

5
gwlad eich geni the country where you were born, your home country

6
mamwlad mother country, home country = (for a person living in an adopted country) one's country of origin
‘mother country’ (mam = mother) + soft mutation + (gwlad = country)

7
gwlad sy’n llifeirio o laeth â mêl a land flowing with milk and honey , a place of abundance and contentment

Exodus
3:8 A mi a ddisgynnais i'w gwaredu hwy o law yr Eifftiaid, ac i'w dwyn o'r wlad honno i wlad dda a helaeth, i wlad yn llifeirio o laeth a mêl; i le y Canaaneaid, a'r Hethiaid, a'r Amoriaid, a'r Pheresiaid, yr Hefiaid hefyd, a'r Jebusiaid.
Exodus 3:8 And I am come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that land unto a good land and a large, unto a land flowing with milk and honey; unto the place of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites.

Exodus
33:2 A mi a anfonaf angel o'th flaen di, ac a yrraf allan y Canaanead, yr Amoriad, a'r Hethiad, y Pheresiad, yr Hefiad, a'r Jebusiad: (33:3) I wlad yn llifeirio o laeth â mel: oherwydd nid af fi i fyny yn dy blith; oblegid pobl wargaled wyt: rhag i mi dy ddifa ar y ffordd.
Exodus
33:2 And I will send an angel before thee; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite: (33:3) Unto a land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up in the midst of thee; for thou art a stiffnecked people: lest I consume thee in the way.

8
hen yd y wlad country people, country folk (“old corn (of) the countryside”)

9
Mae’n gywilydd gwlad It’s a downright disgrace (It’s a disgrace (of) country”)

10
gwlad eich cychwyniad your country of origin (“(the) country (of) your beginning”)
gwlad eich geni your country of birth, your country of origin (“(the) country (of) your birth”)
gwlad eich genedigaeth your country of birth, your country of origin (“(the) country (of) your birth”)

yng ngwlad fy ngenedigaeth in the land of my birth
gwlad eich gwreiddiau your country of origin (“(the) country (of) your roots”)

11 byw ar dda’r wlad live of the fat of the land (“live on (the) good (of) the land”)

12 newid gwlad emigrate (“change country”)

13
gwlad dramor foreign country

14 mynd i wlad y gwaddod die, kick the bucket (“go to the land of the moles”)

15 edrych y wlad see how the land lies (“check the country”)

16 llond gwlad o (“(the) fullness (of a ) country (of)” in expressing great quantity
llond gwlad o bethau da lots of good things

17 eich gwlad chi your part of the country, your part of the world

Adroddir un hanes amdano pan oedd ar ymweliad â Llangynog, Sir Drefaldwyn. Mae yn debyg iddo amlygu i’r teulu lle yr oedd ei fod yn dyfod o Sir Aberteifi... Wedi deall brodor o ba sir oedd Mr. James, dywedodd y wraig, “Bu offeiriad o’ch gwlad chwi yn gweini yn y Llan yma am 50 mlynedd.” t52 / Y Trydydd Byr-gofiant... / John Evans, Abermeurig (1830-1917) / 1913
There’s a story told about him when he was visiting Llangynog, in the county of Trefaldwyn. Apparently he explained to the family where he was staying that he came from the county of Aberteifi... After knowing what county Mr. James was from, the woman said “There was a clergyman from your part of the world who held office in the parish church here for fifty years...”
:_______________________________.

Gwlad Byth Bythoedd  ‹ › feminine noun
1
Never-Never Land

ETYMOLOGY: “Land (of) Never Ever” (gwlad = land) + (byth bythoedd never ever)

:_______________________________.

gwladfa  ‹ ›
feminine noun
PLURAL gwladféydd ‹ ›
1
colony = settlement of people far from their homeland who maintain ties with the country of origin
y wladfa the colony

2
colony = people of a certain nationality living dispersed in a city but considered as a group
y wladfa Americanaidd ym Mhrâg the American colony in Prague

3
gwladfa gosb o gwladfa gosbi penal colony

4
Gwladféydd y Culfor
Straits Settlements = a former English colony made up of Singapore, Penang, Malacca, Labuan and other islands

ETYMOLOGY: (gwlad = country)+ (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)

:_______________________________.

Gwlad Falensia
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
the Valencian Country

:_______________________________.

Gwladfaol  ‹ › adjective
1
Patagonian; relating to Gwladfa Patagonia, the Welsh settlement in Patagonia established in 1865

ETYMOLOGY: (settlement = poblament) + (-ol, suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Gwladfa Patagonia ‹ ›
1
the Welsh settlement in Patagonia (founded in 1865)
Normally: Y Wladfa

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) colony (of) Patagonia”)

:_______________________________.

Gwladfäwr  ‹ ›
masculine noun
PLURAL Gwladfawyr ‹ ›
1
person from Gwladfa Patagonia, the Welsh settlement in Patagonia established in 1865

ETYMOLOGY: (settlement = poblament) (-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

Gwlad Groeg
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
Greece

:_______________________________.

Gwlad Hud ‹ ›
1 Wonderland
Alys yng Ngwlad Hud Alice in Wonderland

ETYMOLOGY: (gwlad = country) + (hud = magic)

:_______________________________.

gwladol  ‹ › adjective
1
state, public = belonging to a state

2
in the case of Wales, state = belonging to the English state
archifdy gwladol state archive
eglwys wladol state church
Gwasanaeth Iechyd Gwladol National Health Service (“state health service”)
incwm gwladol state income
ysgol wladol state school
ysgrifenydd gwladol secretary of state (minister in charge of a government department)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwlad = country) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Gwladus
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
woman’s name; = (“ruler of a country”) . English form - Gladys

:_______________________________.

gwladwen  ‹ ›
1 heaven, paradise

2 Gwladwen woman’s name (rare)

ETYMOLOGY: “white / blessed / fair land” (gwlad = country, land) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white / blessed / fair )

NOTE: Cf gwenwlad (= heaven, paradise), with the same elements reversed

:_______________________________.

gwladwriaeth, gwladwriaethau
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
state
y wladwriaeth the state
gwladwriaeth ragod buffer state

:_______________________________.

Gwlad y Codiad Haul ‹ ›
1
The Land of the Rising Sun

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) land (of) (the) rising (of the) sun” (gwlad = country, land) + (yr = the) + (codiad haul = (the) rising (of the) sun, sunrise)

:_______________________________.

Gwlad y Gân  ‹ › feminine noun
1
nickname for Wales (“The Land of Song) (from the high proportion of people literate in musical notation, and the great esteem accorded to religious congregational singing and to choral competitions, in the latter half of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century)

2
Gwlad-y-gân street name in Y Mynydd-bach, County of Abertawe

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) land (of) the song” + (gwlad = country, land) + (y = the) + soft mutation (cân = song)

:_______________________________.

Gwlad y Menyg Gwynion  ‹ ›
1 (“The Land of the White Gloves”) nickname for Wales, still in use - a name applied in century 1800 alluding to the comparatively low rate of crime in Wales. It was the custom to present the assize judge with a white pair of gloves when there were no cases for trial.

ETYMOLOGY: (gwlad = country) + (y definite article) + (menyg, plural of maneg = glove) + (gwynion, plural of gwyn = white)

:_______________________________.

Gwlad yr Haf  ‹ ›
1
Somerset, a county in south-west England, over Môr Hafren (The Severn Sea, The Bristol Channel) from South-east Wales

2
‘The Summer Country’, ‘Summerland’, ‘The Land of Summer’, a name given by Iolo Morganwg to what was the original home of the Welsh people. According to Iolo, they had come to Britain under the leadership of Hu Gadarn. Another name for this mythical homeland was Deffrobani, a metathasised form of a name in Llyfr Taliesin (The Book of Taliesin, early 1300s) ‘deproffani ynys’, taken from the Latin ‘Taprobanes insula’ mentioned by Isadore of Seville, and referring to Ceylon, said at that time to be the first home of the human race

Gwlad yr Hâf. The land of Summer. An imaginary country. If a person’s whereabouts is not known, he is said to have come from, or to have gone to, the land of the Summers. Gwlad yr Haf is the Welsh name of Somerset-shire.” (WELSH PROVERBS, TRIADS AND TRUISMS (1873-1890) collected from Llansanffráid ym Mechain by T G Jones, Cyffin)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘(the) land (of) the summer’
(gwlad = land) + (y definite article) + (haf = summer)

:_______________________________.

Gwlad y Sais  ‹ › feminine noun
1
(literary or humorous) England ("the land of the Englishman")
Bûm yn byw yng Ngwlad y Sais am dros ddeng mlynedd I lived in England for over ten years


:_______________________________.

Gwlad y Tylwyth Teg  ‹ › feminine noun
1
Fairyland, land of the fairy folk
yng Ngwlad y Tylwyth Teg in Fairyland

ETYMOLOGY: (gwlad = country) + (y = the) + (tylwyth teg = fairies, ‘fair family’)

:_______________________________.

gwlân  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwlanoedd ‹ ›
1
wool = hair of sheep used for making yarn (Scotland: oo)

2
wool = thread or yarn from the fleece of a sheep or other animals
saim gwlân wool fat
olew gwlân wool oil
sypyn gwlân woolpack
nwyddau gwlân woolen / woollen goods
lliwiedig yn y gwlân dyed in the wool = dyed before spinning into woolen yarn
y fasnach wlân the woolen / woollen trade
y diwydiant gwlân the woolen / woollen industry
masnachwr gwlân woolen / woollen merchant, woolman
dilledyn gwlân “woollie”, woolen jersey
dillad gwlân “woollies”, woolen / woollen clothing, woolen / woollen clothes
ffatri wlân woolen / woollen mill
melin wlân woolen / woollen mill

4
wool = a material which is light like wool

5
wool = a material which is fibrous like wool
gwlân dur steel wool

6
fluff, down = pappus, downy tuft in place of a calyx in some plants for dispersal of the seed in the breeze
gwlân ysgall thistle down (“wool (of) thistle”)
Also gwlaniach ysgall thistle down (“fluff (of) thistle”)

7
gwlân cotwm (cotton made absorbent by removal of seeds and wax, bleached and sterilized) (American: cotton, absorbent cotton) (Englandic: cotton wool)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwlân < British < Celtic *wlanâ < Indo-European *wel

From the same British root: Cornish gwlan (= wool) , Breton gloan (= wool)

From the same Indoeuropean root: Latin lâna (= wool) (as in English lanolin), Greek linos; also English wool, German Wolle (= wool), Old Norse ull (= wool).

The corresponding word in Latin is vellus (= fleece)


:_______________________________.

gwlanen, gwlanennau
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
flannel
y wlanen the flannel

:_______________________________.

gwlaniach  ‹ › masculine noun
1
fine wool

2
scraps of wool

3
fluff, down = pappus, downy tuft in place of a calyx in some plants for dispersal of the seed in the breeze
gwlaniach ysgall thistle down (“fluff (of) thistle”)

3
wool waste

ETYMOLOGY: (gwlân = wool) + (-i-ach = diminutive suffix added to plural nouns or collective nouns

:_______________________________.

gwlanog
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
woolen (Englandic: woollen)
2
helygen wlanog (helyg gwlanog) (Salix lanata) woolly willow
helygen wlanog hirddail (Salix lapponum) downy willow


:_______________________________.

gwledd  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwleddoedd ‹ ›
1 feast, banquet (colloquial: spread)
y wledd the feast

gwledd briodas wedding feast
cynnal gwledd hold a feast
rhoi gwledd give a feast, hold a feast
a splendid and abundant meal,

2 feast = exquisite enjoyment

3 spiritual feast
y wledd nefol heavenly bliss

4 gloddest (m) revelling
Arfon, Gwynedd: gwleddast gloddest is probably from < *glwddest < *gwleddest (gwledd = feast) + (-est = suffix)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwledd < British *wlid < Celtic *wlid-â
From the same British root: Breton gloez, found in the dialect of Gwened as gloé (= banquet)
From the same Celtic root: Irish fleá  ‹ › (=feast, festival) < fleadh;
Also the Gaulish name Vlido-riks (banquet + king)

:_______________________________.

gwledda
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to feast

:_______________________________.

gwledig Prydain
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
ruler of Brittania (head of the Roman army in the Roman province of Brittania)
(See Macsen Wledig)

:_______________________________.

gwledydd
 ‹ › (plural noun)
1
countries: see gwlad

:_______________________________.

gwleidydd, gwleidyddion
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
politician

ETYMOLOGY: (gwlad = country) + (-ydd suffix)  a > ei though the influence of the y in the final syllable



:_______________________________.

gwleidyddiaeth
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
politics

ETYMOLOGY: (gwladydd- < gwelidydd = politician, statesman) + (-i-aeth noun suffix) 

:_______________________________.

gwleidyddol  ‹ › adjective
1
political
2
cyflawni hunanddistryw gwleidyddol commit politicial suicide

ETYMOLOGY: (gwleidydd = politician) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

gwli  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwlis  ‹ ›
South-east Wales
1
back lane between two terraces

Roedd y plant yn chwarae yn y gwli
The children were playing in the back lane

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwli < English  ‹ › gully < gullet < Middle English
golet < Old French goulet < Latin gula (= throat)

NOTE: Also: gyli  ‹ › from the standard English pronunciation gully  ‹ ›
The two forms are in use in Cambrian English gwli, gyli

:_______________________________.

gwlith, gwlithoedd
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
dew

:_______________________________.

gwlithfalwen  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwlithfalwod ‹ ›
1
slug

ETYMOLOGY: (gwlith= dew) + soft mutation + ( malwen = snail or slug)

:_______________________________.

gwlithog
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
dewy

:_______________________________.

gwlithyn
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
dewdrop

:_______________________________.

gwlyb
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
wet

2
gwlyb siwps
 ‹ › sopping wet

:_______________________________.

gwlychfa  ‹ › f
1 soaking, drenching
cael gwlychfa get a soaking, get soaked, get drenched
cael gwlychfa at eich croen get soaked to the skin
bod yn wlychfa o chwys be soaked in sweat, be drowning in sweat

ETYMOLOGY: (gwlych- stem of gwlychu = to soak) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating an action)
NOTE: colloquial form glychfa

:_______________________________.

gwlychu
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to wet
2
gwlychu pig / gwlychu’ch pig wet your whistle, have a drink (“wet your beak”)

:_______________________________.

gwm swigod  ‹ › masculine noun
1
bubble gum

ETYMOLOGY: “gum (of) bubbles” (gwm = gum) + (swigod = bubbles, < yswigod, plural of yswigen (= bubble))

:_______________________________.

gwn  ‹ › verb
1
(from gwybod = to know)
I know
Wn i ddim I don’t know

2
ddim am wn i not as far as I know
Odi e wedi cael fflat newydd? Ddim am wn i Has he got a new flat? Not as far as I know
“no, for the-thing-that I know” ddim am wn i < ddim am a wn i (ddim = not) + (am = around, for) + (a = the-thing-that) + soft mutation + (gwn i = I know, < gwybod = to know)

3
ddim hyd y gwn i not as far as I know
“no, as-far-as that I know”) (hyd = as far as, length) + (y = preverbal particle) + (gwn i = I know, < gwybod = to know)

:_______________________________.

..2 gwn, gynnau
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
gun
o flaen gwn at gunpoint (“in front (of) (a ) gun”)

2
clec gwn gunshot
Dyna glec gwn A shot rang out, there was the sound of a gunshot (“See-there (the) bang (of a) gun”)

3 yn ffroen gwn at gunpoint (“in nose (of) gun”)
4 gwn dŵr PLURAL gynnau dŵr (USA: squirt gun) (Englandic: water pistol)

5 gwn gwrth-derfysg riot gun
gwn rhag terfysg riot gun

:_______________________________.

gwnaeth  ‹ › verb
NOTE: Colloquially: naath (usually spelt nath)
1
made, did; third person singular of teh preterite gwneud (= to do)
2
a wnaeth who did, who made; which did, which made. Gwnaeth = third person singular of teh preterite gwneud (= to do)
Pa beth a wnaeth ef? > Be’ naath e? What did he do? ((“it is”) what thing that he did?”)

:_______________________________.

gwnaf  ‹ ›
1 I shall do
Colloquially gwnaf fi > gna i, na i

2 (used to confirm an action stated in a previous verb)
Colloquially gwnaf > gnaf

Ond os bydd rhyw air ar y meddwl i, mi deydai o'n (= mi’i deuda i o’n) ddigon rhydd a dilol, gnaf neno dyn.

Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (= Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910) t69
But if there is some word on my mind I’ll say it quite frankly and freely, by Jove I shall

:_______________________________.

gwnaiff  ‹ › verb
1
(she / he / it) will do, will make. Third person singular of the present-future tense of gwneud (= make / do)
cymryd hynny a wnaiff e (container, receptacle) take as much as it can hold

:_______________________________.

gwndwn  ‹ › masculine noun
1
form of gwyndwn (qv) (= layland, hay meadow)
..a/ Gwndwn name of a farm 1km south of Crymych (county of Penfro)
..b/ Penygwndwn (“(the) end (of) the meadow”)
In Blaenau Ffestiniog (county of Gwynedd), there are “Penygwndwn Bungalows” (which in Welsh would be Tai Penygwndwn) and “Penygwndwn Estate” (which in Welsh would be Stad Penygwndwn)

:_______________________________.

gwnêl  ‹ › verb
1
Third person singular present subjunctive form, equivalent to gwnelo
A wnêl mad, mad a ddyly (archaic Welsh) One good turn deserves another (“the-person-who may-do good, (it-is) good that-he deserves”)

:_______________________________.

..1 gwneud
 ‹ › (verb)
1
(verb with an object) make = create, manufacture

2
to do
cael gan rywun wneud rhywbeth get somebody to do something
gwneud fel arall do otherwise

3
gwneud tro pedol
 ‹ › (verb) make a U turn

4
cael gwneud eich gwallt have a hair do

5
Bron na wn i beth i’w wneud I hardly know what to do

6
(money)
ARIAN: gwneud arian mawr make a fortune (“make big money”)
ELW: gwneud elw (o...) make a profit (out of...)
FFORTIWN: fortune = riches

gwneud eich ffortiwn make a fortune (“make your fortune”)

7
gwneud clust fel hwch mewn haidd
prick up your ears (“make (the) ear like (a) sow in barley”)

8
gwneud yn unol â’ch dymuniadau comply with your wishes (“do in unison with your wishes”)

9
Gwnewch le! Make way! Gangway!

8
gwneud heddwch
make peace

9
gwneud rhywbeth ar her do something for a dare (“do something on challenge”)

10 (in describing seasons)
gwneud gwanwyn cynnar be an early spring,
gwneud gaeaf hynod o galed be an exceptionally hard winter

11
(in certain weather expressions)
gwneud glaw trwm rain heavily
Mae'n siŵr o wneud tywydd eira It’s bound to snow (“it’s sure of making weather (of) snow”)

12
hanner gwneud pethau do things by halves = do in an incomplete way

13
ei wneud e do it = have sex
Mae hi’n ei wneud e fel cwningen She fucks like a bunny rabbit (“she does it like a rabbit”)
Mae hi’n ei wneud e fel dŵr She fucks like a bunny rabbit (“she does it like water”)

14
ceisio gwneud yr amhosib’ try to do the impossible

15
gwneud arwydd ar rywun i wneud rhywbeth signal to somebody to do something (“make a sign on somebody to do something”)

16
gwneud (rhywbeth) yn (rhywbeth) change (something) into (something)
Dyma i chwi engraifft arall, sef enw’r nant a elwir yn Hawnant neu Hownant; y mae rhai o’r bobl sydd yn medru ysgrifennu yn ei gwneyd yn Hoffnant, a Blaenhoffnant a welir uwch ben drws gwesty yn y Cwm. (
Enwau Lleoedd / John Rhys/ Cymru / Cyfrol XI. RHIF 63. Hydref 15fed, 1896)
Here’s another example for you, namely the stream called
Hawnant or Hownant; some people who can write change it into Hoffnant, and Blaenhoffnant is to be seen above the door of the hotel in the valley.

17 used to emphasise a verb - I continued > “(it is) continue (that) I did”

Daeth Arfon Griffiths yn un swydd i Benmachno i chwilio amdano er mwyn ei gael i arwyddo i Dîm Pêl-droed Wrecsam. Ond gwrthod arwyddo a wnaeth, ac fe fu hynny o fantais mawr i dîm Machno.
Arfon Griffiths came specially to Penmachno i look for him to get him to sign for Wrecsam Football Team. But he refused to sign, and thsi was of great benefit for the Machno team ‹ ›

Sometimes omitted ‹ ›; here a wnai (= that he would do, that he used to do) is understood:
Arferai Ifan yrru’r bws ysgol i Benmachno. Byddem yn tynnu arno o gefn y bws nes y byddai wedi gwylltio’n gacwn. Stopio’r bws wedyn  ‹ › wrth y tro i Benmachno a’n hel i ffwrdd i gerdded adref. Ifan used to drive the school bus to Penmachno. We’d mock him from the back of the bus until he was hopping mad. He’d stop the bus then at the Penmachno turn and make us get out and walk home

18
GWNEUD + noun
(many of these phrases also appear in other sections in this entry – weather, money, etc)

a/
ACHWYNIAD = complaint
gwneud achwyniad (yn erbyn)
present / lodge a complaint (against)

ARIAN = money
gwneud arian mawr make a fortune (“make big money”)
gwneud arian sydyn
get rich quick

c/
CLUST = ear
gwneud clust hwch mewn haidd
prick up your ears (“make (the) ear (of) (a) sow in barley”)

CYFIAWNDER = justice
gwneud cyfiawnder â’r dasg rise to the occasion, be up to the job (“do justice to the task”)

d/
DRWG = harm
gwneud drwg i to harm (somebody)

e/
ELW = profit
gwneud elw (o...) make a profit (out of...)

f/
FFORTIWN: fortune = riches
gwneud eich ffortiwn make a fortune (“make your fortune”)

g/
GAEAF = winter
gwneud gaeaf hynod o galed be an exceptionally hard winter

GLAW = rain
gwneud glaw trwm rain heavily

GWANWYN = spring
gwneud gwanwyn cynnar be an early spring

h/
HEDDWCH = peace
gwneud heddwch make peace

l/
LLE = place
gwneud lle to make way
Gwnewch le! Make way! Gangway!

p/
PENYD = penance
gwneud penyd do penance
gwneud penyd yn y carchar do a stretch in prison, serve a prison sentence

r/
RHUTHRIAD / RHUTHRAD = rush
gwneud rhuthrad ar storm (a building), take (a building) by a violent assault (“make an incursion on”)

y/
YMDRECH = effort
gwneud ymdrech i wneud (rhywbeth) attempt to do (something) (“make an effort...”)

YMGAIS = attempt
gwneud ymgais i wneud (rhywbeth) attempt to do (something) (“make an attempt...”)

:_______________________________.

..2 gwneud  ‹ › adjective
1
artificial, invented, made-up, synthetic
lliwiad gwneud
artifical colo(u)ring
lledr gwneud = synthetic leather
blodyn gwneud artificial flower
porthladd gwneud artifical harbour
sidan gwneud artificial silk

2
perl gwneud cultivated pearl, cultured pearl

3
(sentiments) false, artificial, not natural, feigned
chwerthin gwneud = feigned laughter, forced laughter
sirioldeb gwneud feigned cheerfulness

4
(word) coined, invented; not formed in a way considered usual
gair gwneud invented word
iaith wneud artificial language

5
manufactured, processed
bwydydd gwneud processed foods

6
maufactured, made-up, false, untrue, fictional
stori wneud a manufactured story

7 gwneud osgo mynd make as if to go (“make (a) posture (of) going”)

8
(clock time)
Faint wnaiff hi o’r gloch, meddwch chi? What time do you reckon it is?

ETYMOLOGY: gwneud = done, made; stem of the verbnoun gwneud = to do, to make, used as a past participle

:_______________________________.

gwneud amdanoch ei hun  ‹ ›
1
kill oneself, top oneself, do oneself in, commit suicide

ETYMOLOGY: (gwneud = do) + (amdanoch = about you, for you) + (eich hun of yourself)

:_______________________________.

gwneud diwedd arnoch eich hun  ‹ ›
1
put an end to one's life, commit suicide kill oneself

ETYMOLOGY: “make (an) end on yourself”) (gwneud = do, make) + (diwedd = end) + (arnoch = on you) + (eich hun of yourself)

:_______________________________.

gwneud eich diwedd chi  ‹ ›
1
put an end to one's life, commit suicide kill oneself

ETYMOLOGY: “make your end of you”) (gwneud = do, make) + (eich = your) + (diwedd = end) + (vos = of you)

:_______________________________.

gwneud y tro ‹ ›
1
suit, do = fit the purpose, fit the bill, be useful though not entirely adequate
gwneud y tro i’r dim do nicely

wnaiff mo'r tro it won’t do, it’s no good

Fe wnaiff y bocs 'ma'r tro yn iawn This box will do me fine

2
gwneud y tro i make do with
Bu raid i'r car hwnnw wneud y tro i mi am bedair blynedd I had to make do with that car for four years, that car had to do me for four years

Fe wnaiff hwn y tro i mi This'll do me, this will suit my purpose

ETYMOLOGY: (gwneud = to do, to make) + (y definite article, the) + ( tro = turn)

:_______________________________.

gwnewch yr un fath â mi  ‹ › -
1
(Game) (USA: follow the leader) (Englandic: follow my leader)

ETYMOLOGY: “do the same sort as me” (gwnewch = you (plural) do) + (yr un = the same) + soft mutation + (math = sort) + (â mi = as me)

:_______________________________.

gwniadur, gwniaduron
 ‹ › (masculine or feminine noun)
1
thimble
y gwniadur / yr wniadur the thimble

:_______________________________.

gwniadwaith
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
sewing

:_______________________________.

gwnïo
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to sew

:_______________________________.

gwo prefix
1
(obsolete) under; found in certain words as

(1) go
.....gofer (“under-bringing”) (= stream) < gwofer. This is gwo + (*ber = carry, bring)

(2) gwe
.....gwegil (= “under-behind-place”) (= back of the neck) < gwogil (cil = nook, corner, place behind)
.....gwregys (= “under-shirt”) (= belt) < gwogrys (crys = shirt in modern Welsh)

(3) gwei
.....gweini (“under-act”) (= to serve) < gwo + nif

(4) in combination with another prefix
..1/ arobryn (“in-front-under-buying”) (= worthy of a prize, prizewinning) = ar- + gwo- + (pryn- = to buy)
..2/ dodrefn (“to-under-order”) (= furniture) = do- + gwo- + (trefn = order, arrangement)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *WO < Celtic *WO < *UO < *UPO from the same Indoeuropean root: Latin SUB, Greek HUPO, Sanskrit ÚPA (to, under, near) (UPANISHAD = one of a number of Sanskrit sacred books = a sitting down near something UPA = near, NI = near, SÎDATI = he sits)


INDOEUROPEAN
UPO

 

Greek
HUPO

Latin
SUB

Celtic
UPO

Sanskrit UPA

 

Catalan
SUB

British
UO, WO

 

 

 

Welsh
GWO
later GO, and other forms

 


See: (1) gofer = rill, stream
(2) gogoniant = glory
(3) gwas = servant

:_______________________________.

gwobr, gwobrau
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
prize
y wobr the prize

2
heavenly reward, salvation

Mathew 5:12 Byddwch lawen a hyfryd; canys mawr yw eich gwobr yn y nefoedd
Matthew 2:12 Rejoice and be exceeding glad; for great is your reward in heaven

:_______________________________.

gŵr, gwŷr
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
man
gŵr llys courtier

2
(especially South Wales) gwŷr = inhabitants of a specified place;
gwŷr Rhymni = the people of Rhymni, the inhabitants of Rhymni
iaith gwŷr Morgannwg the dialect of the people of (the region of) Morgannwg
Campau Gwŷr Rhufain Gesta Romanorum

3 (South-east) gwyr tramor foreigners

4
gŵr neu was (qv) “man or lad” (Welsh Laws) man who is elegible to be a compurgator (testifier of a person's innocence - from an old court procedure where an accused person is acquitted if enough people can be found who will swear to his innocence); man of distinction;
(South-east Wales) gẃrnewas ‹ ›, gwrnewâs  ‹ › man, youth
(gŵr = man) + (neu = or) + soft mutation + (gwas = lad)

6 arwr hero
(ar- intensive suffix) + soft mutation + (gŵr = man)

7 gŵyr y peisha bäch (= gŵyr y peisiau bach) (“(the) men (of) the short petticoats”, i.e. kilts)
South-east Wales name for the Highland Regiment from Scotland, used by the English government in intervening in industrial pursuits in the nineteenth century in Wales

:_______________________________.

gwr.
1
abbreviation (in a dictionary entry)
..1/ gwreiddiol original
..2/ gwreiddyn root

:_______________________________.

gwrach, gwrachod
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
witch
y wrach the witch

:_______________________________.

gwrachen
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
witch
y wrachen the witch

2
siani wrachen (North Wales) centipede
(“Jane (the) witch”) (Siani = Jane) + soft mutation + (gwrachen = witch)

:_______________________________.

gwragedd
 ‹ › (plural noun)
1
women; plural of gwraig

:_______________________________.

gwraidd, gwreiddiau
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
root

2
gosod y fwyell ar wraidd y drwg
strike at the root of the evil (“place the axe on the root of the evil”)

3
gwlad eich gwreiddiau your country of origin (“(the) country (of) your roots”)

:_______________________________.

gwraig, gwragedd
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
woman
y wraig the woman

2
gwreig-gasäwr mysoginist, man who hates women
Also casäwr gwragedd

:_______________________________.

gwraig briod, gwragedd priod
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
married woman

:_______________________________.

gwrando (ar)
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to listen to

:_______________________________.

gwrando’n astud
 ‹ › (verb) to listen carefully

:_______________________________.

gŵr bonheddig, PLURAL gwyr bonheddig
 ‹ ›
1
gentleman
byw fel gŵr bonheddig live the life of Riley (“live like a gentleman”)

:_______________________________.

gŵr busnes
 ‹ ›  ‹ ›
1
businessman

ETYMOLOGY: direct translation from English “businessman”

:_______________________________.

gwrcath, gwrcathod
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
tomcat, male cat

:_______________________________.

y gŵr drwg
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
the devil (“the evil man”)
2
ceirios y gŵr drwg (Atropa belladona) deadly nightshade (“(the) cherries (of) the evil man / the devil”)

:_______________________________.

Gwrecsam ‹GWREK-sam› feminine noun

1 Wrexham (town in the north-east) though Wrecsam is now used in contemporary Welsh. Considered to be a pedantic spelling. In use in writing (magazines, books) in the 1800s.

ETYMOLOGY: English Wrexham > Welsh Wrecsam > Gwrecsam. Words beginning with w are generally soft mutated forms with radical gw-. An initial g was added to give it a radical form.  .

:_______________________________.

gwreica  ‹ › verb
1
look for a wife (especially referring to an old man)

2
cathreica (tomcat) seek a female
< cathwreica (cath = cat) + soft mutation + (gwreica = seek a wife)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwreig- < gwriag = woman) + (-ha suffix for forming verbs from nouns, usually plural nouns) > *gwréig-ha > gwreica (g-h > c)

:_______________________________.

gwreichionen  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwreichion ‹ ›
1
spark = tiny piece of burning material which flies out from a fire, scintilla
y wreichionen the spark

2
spark = tiny piece of burning material produced by friction, as of metal hitting stone

3
spark = flash of light from an electrical discharge

4
(figurative) spark = beginning (of a movement, etc)

Agorwyd yr ysgol Gymraeg gyntaf yn 1949. Mae’r gwreichionyn a welwyd yn Llanelli dros hanner can mlynedd yn ôl yn fflam sy’n dal i losgi heddiw.
The first Welsh-language school was opened in 1949. The spark that was seen in Llanelli over fifty years ago is a flame which continues to burn to this day

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwreichionen (gwreichion = sparks) + (-en singulative suffix) ; < gwrychion < British
from the same British root: Cornish gwrikhon = sparks, Breton gwrac’h = sparks

NOTE: There is also a masculine form gwreichionyn  ‹ › . Colloquially, the Englishism sbarc is used;  ‹ › feminine noun, plural sbarcs ‹ ›

:_______________________________.

gwreiddiau
 ‹ › (plural noun)
1
roots; plural of gwreiddyn

:_______________________________.

gwreiddiol
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
original

Abbreviation (in a dictionary entry): gwr.

2
pechod gwreiddiol original sin

:_______________________________.

gwreiddyn, gwreiddiau
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
root

Abbreviation (in a dictionary entry): gwr.


:_______________________________.

gwreig-gasäwr  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwreig-gasäwyr ‹ ›
1
mysoginist, man who hates women
Also casäwr gwragedd

ETYMOLOGY: (gwreig- = prefixed form of gwraig = woman) + soft mutation + (casäwr = hater, person who hates )

:_______________________________.

gwrêng  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwrengod, gwrengiaid ‹ ›
1
(the) common people, commoners

gŵr a bonedd high and low, people of every social condition, everybody (“commoners and gentry”).
cael eich parchu gan wreng a bonheddig be respected by all

Salmau 49:2 Yn gystal gwreng a bonheddig, cyfoethog a thlawd ynghyd
Psalm 49:2 Both low and high, rich and poor, together.

Esaia 2:9 A’r gwrêng sydd yn ymgrymu, a’r bonheddig yn ymostwng: am hynny na faddau iddynt.
Isaiah 2:9 And the mean man boweth down, and the great man humbleth himself: therefore forgive them not.

ETYMOLOGY: gwrêng < gwreang, probably gwre’ang < *gwrieang / *gwrie’ang < *gwrieuang
“young man” (gŵr = home) + (ieuang, now ieuanc = young)

:_______________________________.

gwres
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
heat

:_______________________________.

gwresog
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
warm (welcome, etc)

:_______________________________.

gwresogi
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to heat, heat up

:_______________________________.

gwresogydd  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwresogyddion ‹ ›
1
heater

ETYMOLOGY: (gwresog-, stem of the verb gwresogi) + (-ydd noun suffix for indicating a device or an agent)

:_______________________________.

gwrferch
 ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwrferched ‹ ›
1
virago, amazon; mannish woman
yr wrferch the virago

ETYMOLOGY: (“man-woman”, a woman who is like a man) (gŵr = man) + soft mutation + (merch = woman)

:_______________________________.

Gwrgenau  ‹ ›
1
man's name

ETYMOLOGY: Gwrgenau / Gorgenau < Gworgenau (gwor- intensifying prefix, ‘over’) + soft mutation + (cenau = cub, whelp)

:_______________________________.

gŵr gradd  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwyr gradd ‹ ›
1
graduate of a university

Osbert Henry Fynes-Clinton (1869-1941), mab rheithor Barlow Moor ger Didsbury, Manceinion, gŵr gradd o Rydychen, athro Ffrangeg yng Ngholeg Prifysgol Gogledd Cymru, Bangor, ac awdur “The Welsh Vocabulary of the Bangor District”(1913)
Osbert Henry Fynes-Clinton (1869-1941), son of the rector at Barlow Moor near Didsbury, Manchester, a graduate of Oxford, professor of French in University College of North Wales, Bangor and author of “The Welsh Vocabulary of the Bangor District” (1913)

ETYMOLOGY: “graduated man” (gŵr = man) + (gradd = graduated, stem used as a past participle of graddio = to graduate)

:_______________________________.

gwrhewcri  ‹ › masculine noun
1
joking, jocularity
gwrhewcri a ffraethineb ymgom cyfeillion
the jocularity and wit of a conversation between friends

ETYMOLOGY:
..1/ (gwrhëwc, variant of gorhëwg = lively) + (-ri suffix).

..2/ gorhëwg (= lively)
is (gor- intensifying prefix, ‘super-’) + (ewyg = desire) > gorewyg > gorhewyg, with an intrusive ‘h’ between the two elements,
> gorhew’g / gorhewg

..3/ The word gwrhecri has an unusual form; it is possibly an imitation of gwrhydi (= bravery, courage)
This is probably (gŵr = man) + (hydr - obsolete in modern Welsh - = brave, strong) + (-i = suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

gwrhewcru  ‹ › verb
1
(South Wales) to joke

ETYMOLOGY: (gwrhewcr-, from the noun gwrhewcri = fun, joking) + (-u = suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

gwrhydri  ‹ › masculine noun
1
courage, bravery, heroism

2
feat, exploit
gwneud gwrhydri show great prowess, perform a winning deed

cyflawni gwrhydri perform exploits

Yr oedd y ddau frawd wrth eu bodd gyda’r gwaith o yrru’r ychain i farchnadoedd Lloegr. Dychwelent adref gan ymffrostio yn y gwrhydri a fyddent wedi ei gyflawni ar eu taith.
The two brothers loved the work of driving the cattle to the markets of England. The would return home boasting of their exploits (“of the prowess committed”) on their journey.

ETYMOLOGY: (1) probably (gwr = man) + (hydr = strong, brave) + (-i = suffix for forming abstract nouns);
(2) if not, it is gwrhydi < gworhydri (gwor- = intensifying prefix) + (hydr = strong, brave) + (-i = suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

gwrial
 ‹ › masculine noun
1
(obsolete) battle

2
Gwrial (obsolete) man’s name (= manly bravery)
Equivalent to the Irish name Feargal, with the same Celtic origin

ETYMOLOGY: (gŵr = man) + soft mutation + (gâl = strength); gwr-ghal > gwr-ial.

The element gâl occurs as an element in other compound words
..1/ anial (= desert, desolate place) < British (*ande-gal-)
..2/ arial (= passion, courage) < British (ar = in front of) + (gâl = strength)
..3/ dial (= to get revenge; (noun) revenge),
..4/ galanas (= hatred; massacre; destruction)
..5/ gelyn (= enemy)
..6/ Morial (obsolete forename) (“great boldness”) (mawr, mor- = big, great)

:_______________________________.

Gwrin  ‹ › masculine noun
1
man’s name
2
SH7803 locality and parish in the county of Powys, near Machynlleth

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Gwrin < Gwryn < Gwrynt < Gwrghynt < British; equivalent to modern Welsh (gŵr = man) + soft mutation + (gynt = people) (from Latin gens, gent- = family; race)

:_______________________________.

gŵr neu was  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwyrnagweision  ‹ ›

1
gŵr neu was (Welsh Laws) man who is elegible to be a compurgator (testifier of a person's innocence - from an old court procedure where an accused person is acquitted if enough people can be found who will swear to his innocence); man of distinction

2
(South-east Wales) gẃrnewas ‹ ›, gwrnewâs ‹ › man, youth

Plural: gwrnegwishon o gwrnegwishwn ‘men, menfolk’ as a group distinct from ‘women, womenfolk’
(Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / Dictionary of the University of Wales: in Cwm Ogwr the word is pronounced gwrnawääs)

ETYMOLOGY: “man or lad” (gŵr = man) + (neu = or) + soft mutation + (gwas = lad)

:_______________________________.

gwrogi
 ‹ › verb
1
gwrogi i rywun pay homage to

ETYMOLOGY: gwrogi < gwriogi
(gwriog = pertaining to a man) + (-i suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

gwrolwaith  ‹ ›
masculine noun
PLURAL gwrolweithiau ‹ ›
1
brave deed
wedi iddo gyflawni ei wrolwaith after doing his brave deed

ETYMOLOGY: (gwrol = valient, brave) + soft mutation + (gwaith = work)

:_______________________________.

gŵr priod, gwyr priod
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
married man

:_______________________________.

gwrtharwr  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwrtharwyr ‹ ›
1 anti-hero

ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth- prefix = contra, anti) + (arwr = hero)

:_______________________________.

gwrtharwrol  ‹ › adjective
1 unheroic

ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth- prefix = contra, anti) + (arwrol = heroic)

:_______________________________.

gwrthbleidiol  ‹ › adj;;)
1 opposition
grŵp gwrthbleidiol mwyaf largest opposition group
Cadeirir y pwyllgorau hyn gan Aelodau Gwrthbleidiol These committees will be chaired by opposition members

ETYMOLOGY: (gwrthbleid- < gwrthblaid = partit de l’opposició) + (-iol, suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

gwrthbrofadwy  ‹ › adjective
1
refutable

ETYMOLOGY: (gwrthbrof-, a stem of the verb gwrthbrofi = refute) + (-adwy, suffix for forming adjectives, = ‘possible’)

:_______________________________.

gwrthbrofi  ‹ › verb
1
(verb amb objecte) disprove, refute
scorch a rumour??

ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth, prefix = against) + soft mutation + (profi = to prove)

:_______________________________.

gwrthdal  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwrthdaliadau ‹ ›
1
‘counter-payment’
galwad wrthdal (f) galwadau gwrthdal (American: collect call) (Englandic: reversed-charge call)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth = counter-, against) + soft mutation + (tâl = payment)

:_______________________________.

gwrthdaro  ‹ › verb
1
ar lwybr gwrthdaro on a collison course (“on(a) path (of) colliding”)

2
gwrthdaro collide, hit each other

3
gwrthdaro â (rhywbeth) collide with (something), hit (something)

4
(colours) clash

(as a noun)
5
(rivals, combatants) clash
gwrthdaro rhwng aelodau teulu cyfoethog a clash between the members of a rich family

6
conflict gwrthdaro rhyngwladol international conflict

7
gwrthdrawiad
(m) gwrthdrawiadau collision, clash, etc

ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth, prefix = against) + soft mutation + (taro = hit, strike)

:_______________________________.

gwrthddalen  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwrthddalennau ‹ ›
1
counterfoil = the part of a check kept as a record of a payment
yr wrthddalen the counterfoil

ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth = counter-, against) + soft mutation + (dalen = leaf, sheet, page)

:_______________________________.

gwrth-derfysg  ‹ › adjective
1 gwn gwrth-derfysg riot gun
dryll gwrth-derfysg riot gun

ETYMOLOGY: gwrth- = anti-, contra-, against ) + soft mutation + ( terfysg = riot)

:_______________________________.

gwrthdrawiad  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwrthdrawiadau ‹ ›
1
crash, collision
gwrthdrawiad penben head-on collision (“collision head (and) head”)
mynd i wrthdrawiad â collide with (“go to collision with”)

2
confrontation = state of conflict between adverseries

3
clash = disagreement

4
conflict = situation involving two or more parties, one of which attmpts to gain dominance
Penywaun. Y mae yr addoldy hwn yn mhlwyf Llanfihangel Llantarnam, tua haner y ffordd o’r Casnewydd i Bontypool... Mae yr eglwys hon, fel pob un o’r eglwysi ar gyffiniau y Cymry a’r Saeson, wedi dyoddef mesur mawr o anfantais oddiwrth felldith Babel – cymysgedd ieithoedd, er’s mwy na deng mlynedd ar hugain. Mae y gwasanaeth yn awr yn cael ei ddwyn yn mlaen agos, os nad yn gyfan gwbl, yn yr iaith Saesonaeg. Ni fu eglwys Penywaun ar unrhyw gyfnod o’i hanes yn lluosog iawn. Os bu rhif yr aelodau ar rai adegau yn gant, ni buont un amser uwchlaw hyny; ac wedi cychwyniad yr achos yn Elim, a ffurfiad eglwys Annibynol yng Nghwmbran, cyfyngwyd yn fawr ar derfynau yr achos yn Mhenywaun. Etto, gan fod poblogaeth yr ardal wedi lluosogi yn ddirfawr yn y pum’ mlynedd ar hugain diweddaf, a’u bod yn debyg o luosogi yn fawr etto mewn blynyddau dyfydol, mae yma ddigon o faes i bob un o’r tri achos; ac y mae y rhwystr a barai gwrthdrawiad y ddwy iaith agos wedi llwyr ddiflanu, trwy fod yr iaith Saesonaeg bellach wedi mynd yn unig iaith yr ardal
(Rees, T & Thomas, J, 1873, Hanes Eglwysi Annibynol Cymru “History of the Independent Churches of Wales”)
Pen-y-waun. This church is in the parish of Llanfihangel Llantarnam, halfway between Casnewydd (Newport) and Pont-y-pŵl... This church, as every one of the churches on the boundaries of the Welsh and the English, has suffered a great measure of disadvantage from the curse of Babel – a mixture of languages, for more than thirty years. The service is now carried on almost wholly – if not completely – in the English language. The church of Pen-y-waun has never been very numerous at any time in its history. If the number of members on some occasions was one hundred, they were never at any time above that; and after the commencement of the cause in Elim, and the setting up of an Independent church in Cwm-brân, the limits of the cause in Pen-y-waun were greatly constrained. On the other hand, since the population of the area has increased enormously in the last twenty-five years, and is likely to increase greatly again in future years, there is enough scope for each one of the three causes; and the hurdle which the clash of the two languages caused has almost disappeared completely, since the English language has now become the only language of the area.
Rees, T & Thomas, J, 1873, Hanes Eglwysi Annibynol Cymru / “History of the Independent Churches of Wales”)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth, prefix = against) + soft mutation + ( trawiad = impact)

:_______________________________.

gwrthdynnu  ‹ › verb
1 gwrthdynnu sylw distract attention
gwrthdynnu’ch sylw distract your attention
gwrthdynnu sylw oddiwrth rywbeth distract attention from something

2 (verb with an object) (Physics) repel
tynnu a gwrthdynnu attract and repel

3 (verb without an object) retract

4 (verb without an object) draw back

ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth- = contra, against ) + soft mutation + ( tynnu = pull)

:_______________________________.

gwrtheb  ‹ › masculine and feminine noun
1
obsolete answer
y gwrtheb / yr wrtheb the answer

2
contradiction, paradox
Y mae rhyw wrtheb ryfedd yn agwedd y bobl hyn...
There’s a certain odd contradiction in the attitude of these people

ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth prefix = against) + (heb-, verb = to say)

:_______________________________.

gwrthebu  ‹ › verb
1
obsolete answer

2
obsolete contradict

ETYMOLOGY: (gwrtheb = answer) + (-u, suffix for forming verbs) ; there is an equivalent in Cornish gorthebi = to answer

:_______________________________.

gwrthfrawychiaeth  ‹ › m;;)
1 antiterrorism

ETYMOLOGY: ( gwrth, prefix = against ) + soft mutation + ( brawychiaeth = terrorism)

:_______________________________.

gwrthgyferbyniad  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwrthgyferbyniadau  ‹ ›
1
contrast

ETYMOLOGY: ( gwrth, prefix = against, counter- ) + soft mutation + (cyferbyniad = contrast, comparació)

:_______________________________.

gwrthgyferbyniol  ‹ › adjective
1
contrasted, contrasting; showing up the difference between

2
diametrically opposite
mynd i gyfeiriad gwrthgyferbyniol i go in the opposite direction to

3 Abbreviation (in a dictionary entry): gthg. = gwrthgyferbyniol contrasting, standing in contrast

ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth- = against; counter-) + soft mutation + (cyferbyniol = opposite, contrary)


:_______________________________.

gwrthgyferbynnu  ‹ › verb
1
contrast, counterpose, compare
2 Abbreviation (in a dictionary entry): gthg. = gwrthgyferbynier compare it with..., contrast it with

ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth- = against; counter-) + soft mutation + (cyferbynnu = to contrast, to compare)

:_______________________________.

gwrthod
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to refuse
2
gwrthod arddel (rhywun / rhywbeth) disown, repudiate

:_______________________________.

gwrthodiad, gwrthodiadau
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
refusal
gwrthodiad ar ei ben flat refusal (“a refusal on its head”)

:_______________________________.

gwrthsafiad
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
resistance
gwrthsafiad goddefol passive resistance
gwrthsafiad di-drais passive resistance

:_______________________________.

gwrthsefyll
 ‹ › (verb)
1
(verb with an object) withstand = resist, oppose with determination, stand up to

:_______________________________.

gwrthstaen  ‹ › adjective
1
stain resistant
dur gwrthstaen stainless steel

ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth- = against) + (staen = stain)

:_______________________________.

gwrthwyneb
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
opposite
2
i’r gwrthwyneb far from it, quite the contrary

:_______________________________.

gwrthwynebiad
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
oppostion
cwrdd â gwrthwynebiad run up against opposition (“meet opposition”)

:_______________________________.

gwrthwynebydd, gwrthwynebwyr
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
opponent
2
ni + arbed dim (ar wrthwynebydd) not pull your punches (with an opponent)
(“not + save anything on an opponent”)

:_______________________________.

gwrych gwriikh masculine noun
PLURAL gwrychoeddgwrøkh-oidh ›

(North Wales)            
1 hedge 

llwyd y gwrych hedge accentor, hedge sparrow (“brown (bird) (of) the hedge”)
plygu gwrych build a hedge (“fold a hedge”)
clawdd gwrych
hedgebank (“bank (of) hedge”)

2 bristles 

3 hackles = hairs on a dog's neck

4 gwrych root of the verb gwrychu (= to bristle), used as a past particple
ar wrych
1 (person) in a bad mood  2 (hair) dishevelled
    

5 coetrych (South ales) quickset hedge
coetrych < *coed-gh’rych / *coed-gh’rych (coed = wood) + soft mutation + (gwrych = hedge)



:_______________________________.

gwrychu  gwrøkh-i› verb

1 (hair of a dog) bristle, bristle up = stand  

:_______________________________.



gwst  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gystion ‹ ›
1 pain

2 in the names of many illnesses or complaints:

cymalwst gout = inflamation of the big toe from uric acid deposited in the joint (“joint pain” cymal = joint, articulation)

ergydwst concussion (“impact pain”, ergyd = blow, impact)

3 Hywst  ‹ › (obsolete) man's name
(hy- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + ( gwst = heat, burn; pain)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *gust (= disappear, die) < Celtic
From the same Celtic root: Irish guais (= danger)

:_______________________________.

gwta  ‹ › adjective
1
Soft mutated form (c > g) of cwta = short; bob-tailed; without a tail

(a) Groesgwta / Groes Gwta house name ‘the short cross’

(b) hwch ddu gwta (“sow + black + tail-less”) a black sow with no tail supposed to chase people in the dark on Nos Galan Gaeaf (Hallowe’en)
(in the above names there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun)

(c) Clipiodd ei fwstas yn gwta He cut his moustache short

NOTE: (1) cwta also has a feminine form cota; after a feminine noun both gwta and gota occur (iâr gota = a tailless hen);
(2) besides y gwta (= hare) there is also y gota (= hare)

:_______________________________.

gwter  ‹ ›
1
soft-mutated form of cwter (f) (= stream, ditch, gutter)

:_______________________________.

Y Gwter-fawr  ‹ ›
1
former name (1800s; then usually spelt Gwter Fawr) of the village of Brynaman SN7114 (county of Caerfyrddin)
Pwll y Gwter a former coal mine here, opened in 1855 (“(the) pit (of) the gutter”)

In ‘Wild Wales’ by George Borrow (1862) the author, an Englishman of Cornish origin, recounts his trip eight years earlier in 1854. He had stopped by the a fulling mill on the Lleidiach stream and struck up a conversation in Welsh with a “decent looking man engaged in sawing a piece of wood by the roadside.” The man mistakes him for a Northern Welshman, which Borrow does not contradict. At the close of the conversation the man asks:
Welshman: “Where are you going tonight?”
Borrow: “To Gutter Vawr”
Welshman: “Well, then, you had better not loiter, Gutter Vawr is a long way off over the mountain. It will be dark, I am afraid, long before you get to Gutter Vawr. Good evening David! I am glad to have seen you, for I have long wished to see a man from the north country. Good evening! you will find plenty of good ale at Gutter Vawr.”

ETYMOLOGY: (“the big gutter”) (y definite article) + soft mutation + (cwter = gutter) + soft mutation + (mawr = big)

:_______________________________.

gwthiad  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwthiadau ‹ ›
1 push, push, thrust
rhoi gwthiad i (rywbeth) give (something) a push / a shove

ETYMOLOGY: (gwth-, stem of gwthio = to push) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)

:_______________________________.

gwthio
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to push

2
gwthio (ymosodiad) yn ei ôl repel (an attack)

3
gwthio eich pig i mewn (i rywbeth) stick your nose into something (“push your nose...”)

:_______________________________.

Gwy
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
river name (English name: Wye)

:_______________________________.

gwy  ‹ › masculine noun
1
water, fluid (an invented word, not in general use)

2 river
It was used in the form -wy as a river-name suffix
around 1800-1900.

The great number of river names ending in -wy (Conwy, Mynwy, Elwy, Ebwy, etc) and the existence of a river with the name Gwy led to the belief of a 'primitive word' gwy meaning ‘water’. Many river names were 'corrected' in the last century, and the supposed suffix was 'restored’ to names which had supposedly lost it.

Nowadays these invented forms have largely disappeared, though traces remain in minor place names (house names and street names)

..a/ Aman (river in the county of Caerfyrddin, south-west Wales) > Amanwy
Parc Amanwy, Rhydaman (is this from the name of a local poet who took the name of the river as a pseudonym?)

..b/ Ewenni (SS9177) (river in the county of Bro Morgannwg, south-east Wales) > Ewynwy

..c/ Gorci / Orci > Orchwy (stream in the county of Rhondda Cynon Taf, south-east Wales)
There is a street called Heol Orchwy in Treorci (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)


..d/ Llyfni (county of Gwynedd, north-west Wales) SH4852 > Llyfnwy. There is a street in Tal-y-sarn called Maesllyfnwy “Maes Llyfnwy” (“(the) field (on the bank of the river) Llyfni”)

..e/ Llynfi (SS 8983) (river in the county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr, south-east Wales) (historically Llynfi) > Llyfnwy

..f/ Mersi > Merswy (River Mersey, name of the river on the estuary of which Liverpool, England is situated)

..g/ Ogwr > Ogwy (river in the county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr, south-east Wales)

There is a street called Heol Ogwy (“Ogwy Street”) in Nant-y-moel (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

One famous example is the Welsh name for the river Chubut in Patagonia - Camwy
(cam = crooked, winding) + (-wy = water, river)

2 bachwy bay
Not in general use. First instance in 1852. Created from (bach = bend) + soft mutation + (gwy, a word supposedly meaning “water” )

:_______________________________.

gwyach, gwyachod
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
grebe (waterbird)
yr wyach the grebe

:_______________________________.

gwyach gorniog  ‹ › femení
PLURAL gwyachog corniog ‹ ›
1 (Podiceps auritus) Slavonian Grebe (USA: horned grebe)

ETYMOLOGY: (“horned grebe”) (gwyach = grebe) + (corniog = horned)
:_______________________________.

gwybedyn, gwybed
 ‹ › (masculine noun) gnat

:_______________________________.

gwybedog, gwybedogion
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
(bird) flycatcher

:_______________________________.

gwybod  ‹ › (verb)
1
to know
NOTE:
Root: gwy-, gwydd-
(01) Present Indicative: 1 gwn, gwyddom; 2 gwyddost, gwyddoch, 3 gwyr, gwyddant Impersonal: gwybyddys

(02) Future: 1 gwybyddaf, gwybyddwn; 2 gwybyddi, gwybyddwch, 3 gwybydd, gwybyddant Impersonal: gwybyddir
Colloquially, the periphrastic form is used
..1 byddaf yn gwybod, bywddwn... 2 byddi..., byddwch... 3 bydd..., byddant...

(03) Imperfect Indicative: 1 gwyddwn, gwyddem; 2 gwyddit, gwyddech; 3 gwyddai, gwyddent; Impersonal: gwyddid

(04) Past Indicative: 1 gwybûm, gwybuom; 2 gwybuost, gwybuoch; 3 gwybu, gwybuont / gwybuant; Impersonal: gwybuwyd

(05) Pluperfect Indicative: 1 gwybuaswn, gwybuasem; 2 gwybuasit, gwybuasech; 3 gwybuasai, gwybuasent; Impersonal: gwybuesid

(06) Present Subjunctive:
..1 gwypwyf, gwypom; 2 gwypych, gwypoch, 3 gwypo, gwypont Impersonal: gwyper
or alternatively
gwybyddwyf, gwybyddom; 2 gwybyddych, gwybyddoch, 3 gwybyddo, gwybyddont Impersonal: gwybydder

(07) Imperfect Subjunctive
..1 gwypwn, gwypem; 2 gwypit, gwypech, 3 gwypai, gwypent Impersonal: gwypid
or alternatively
gwybydden, gwybyddem; 2 gwybyddit, gwybyddech, 3 gwybyddai, gwybyddent Impersonal: gwybyddid

(08) Imperative: 1 -, gwybyddwn; 1 gwybydd, gwybyddwch; 3 gwyped / gwybydded; gwypent / gwybyddent; Impersonal: 1 -, gwybydder

2
’Fynnwn i ddim i neb wybod amdano
I wouldn’t want anybody to find out about it

3
gwybod yn sicr bod...
know for a fact that...
mi wn yn sicr ei bod e wedi siarad â hi I know for a fact that he spoke to her

4
Bron na wn i beth i’w wneud
I hardly know what to do

5
gwybod ei hyd a’i led have somebody sized up (“know his length and his width”)

6
Rw i eto heb wybod pam
I still don’t know why (“I am still without knowing why”)

7
rhoi gwybod (am rywbeth) i intimate (something) to, inform... of (something)

8
gwybyddwch fod... (imperatiu) know that, understand that

9 gwybotgar curious = keen to know
gwybotgar < gwybód-gar (gwybod = to know ) + (-gar suffix for forming adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru = to love)

10 gwyddost ti you know
wyddost ti you know
Reduced to wsti, sti

11 a wyddost ti do you know?
sti be < a wyddost ti beth do you know what? (question to highlight information in the following sentence)

12 mae y cwbl yno sydd eisiau ei wybod everything you need to know is there

ETYMOLOGY: gwybod < *gwy’fod < *gwyddfod (gwydd- element now obsolete = to see,to discover) + soft mutation + (bod = be, being)
From the same British root: Cornish godhvoz (= to know), Breton gouzout, gout (= to know)
gwydd is related to
..a/ Irish fios (= knwoledge)
..b/ Sanskrit veda (= knowledge), (veda = I know)
..c/ Latin vid-êre (= to see)
..d/ Greek id-ón < fid-ón
..e/ (Germanic languages) Old English witan (= to know); modern English wit (ability to use humorous ingenious language), wits (= mental ability); German wissen (= to know), Norwegian vite (= to know),

:_______________________________.

gwybodaeth
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
knowledge

2
gwybodaeth o (rywbeth) knowledge of (something)
Mae ei gwybodaeth o Gatalaneg o fudd mawr iddi
Her knowledge of Catalan is a great advantage for her


:_______________________________.

gwybotgar  ‹ › adjective
1 gwybotgar curious = keen to know

ETYMOLOGY: gwybotgar < gwybód-gar (gwybod = to know ) + (-gar suffix for forming adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru = to love)

:_______________________________.

gwybydd  ‹ › verb
1
know...! (second person singular imperative of gwybod= to know)

Daniel 6:15 Yna y gwŷr hynny a ddaethant ynghyd at y brenin, ac a ddywedasant wrth y brenin, Gwybydd, frenin, mai cyfraith y Mediaid a’r Persiaid yw, na newidier un gorchymyn na deddf a osodo y brenin.
Daniel 6:15 Then these men assembled unto the king, and said unto the king, Know, O king, that the law of the Medes and Persians is, That no decree nor statute which the king establisheth may be changed.

:_______________________________.

gwybyddwch  ‹ › verb
1
gwybyddwch fod... (imperatiu) (second person plural) know that, understand that
(gwybod = to know)

:_______________________________.

gwych
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
splendid
syniad gwych splendid idea, brainwave (USA: brainstorm)

:_______________________________.

gwychfawr  ‹ › adjective
1
splendid
adeiladau gwychfawr splendid buildings

ETYMOLOGY: (gwych- ‹ ›, penult form of gwych  ‹ › = splendid) + soft mutation + (mawr = gran)

:_______________________________.

gwydd  ‹ › adjective
1 wild

2 (land) uncultivated, overgrown, wild

3 gwythwch (obsolete) wild sow
(gwydd = wild) + (hwch = sow) (dd-h > th)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwydd (g-wydd) < gw-wydd < British < Celtic < Indoeuropean *wei-d

Indoeuropean *wei-d is the same root which gave Celtic *widhu > Welsh gwydd (= tree)
Words corresponding to Welsh gwydd (= wild) are :
Breton gouez (= wild)
Irish: fia (= deer; wilderness)

The sense development would have been (pertaining to the forest, of the wood) > (wild)
The same sequence is seen in Latin (silva = wood) > salvâticus ( = of the wood) > Old French sauvage English savage

Also Latin salvâticus ( = of the wood) > Catalan salvatge (= wild)

:_______________________________.

gwydd, gwyddau
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
goose

:_______________________________.

gwydd 1  ‹ › plural form
1
trees.
See gwydden = tree

:_______________________________.

gwydd 2  ‹ › masculine noun
1 originally = “wooden frame” See gwydden = tree

2
North Wales plough
Plural: gwyddion
A fuller form is gwydd aredig (“plough / wooden frame (of) ploughing”)
Generally the word for ‘plough’ is aradr

3
weaver’s loom
Plural: gwyddiau
gwydd dŵr water-powered loom
gwydd llaw hand loom
gwydd mawr big loom
gwydd pŵer power loom

ETYMOLOGY: See gwydden

:_______________________________.

Gwyddel, Gwyddelod
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
(home) Irishman

:_______________________________.

Gwyddeleg
 ‹ › (feminine noun, adjective)
1
Irish (language)

:_______________________________.

Gwyddeles, Gwyddelesau
 ‹ ›
1
(feminine noun) Irishwoman
y Wyddeles the Irishwoman

:_______________________________.

Gwyddelig
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
Irish (people, country; not language)

:_______________________________.

gwydden  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwydd ‹ ›
1
obsolete tree, shrub
y wydden the tree
Genesis 21:14/15 Yna y cododd Abrham y fore, ac a gymerodd fara, a chostrel o ddwfr, ac a’i rhoddes at Agar, gan osod ar ei hysgwydd hi hynny, a’r bachgen hefyd, ac efe a’i gollyngodd hi ymaith; a hi a aeth, ac a grwydrodd yn anialwch Beerseba. A darfu’r dwfr yn y gostel; a hi a fwriodd y bachgen dan un o’r gwydd
Genesis 21:14/15 And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread, and a bottle of water, and gave  ‹ › unto Hagar, putting  ‹ › on her shoulder, and the child, and sent her away: and she departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba. And the water was spent in the bottle, and she cast the child under one of the shrubs
In Archaeologia Britannica (1707) Edward Lhuyd notes: “gwydd, trees... This is still used in Caernarvonshire and Meiryonydd”

2
county of Dinbych hedge

3
obsolete timber, wood (material)
gwyddbwyll (qv) = chess (but originally a different board game) (“wood-sense”)

4
gwydd (qv) = weaver’s loom (originally = “wooden frame”)

5
North Wales gwydd (qv) = plough (originally = “wooden frame”)

6
-wydden, -wydd in some compounds which are names of trees or shrubs
..1/ derwydd oak trees
..2/ ffawydden beech tree, ffawydd beech trees
..3/ mafonwydd raspberry canes
..4/ marchgastanwydden horse chestnut tree, marchgastanwydd horse chestnut trees
(marchcastan = horse chestnut) + soft mutation + (gwydden = tree)
..5/ myrtwydden myrtle tree, myrtwydd myrtle trees
..6/ pinwydden pine tree, pinwydd pine trees

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *widhu

cf English wood < Old English wudu< widu, from the same Indo-European root:
from the same British root: Cornish gwedhenn, gwedh (= tree), Breton gwezenn (= tree)
in the Hibernian Celtic languages: Irish fiodh (= wood, i.e. the material)
Scottish fiodh (= wood, i.e. the material)

:_______________________________.

gwyddgrug  ‹ ›
[ˡguiðgrɪg] masculine noun
1 tumulus, mound, hillock

2 place names
..a/ Cefnwyrgrug by Aberhosan (district of Maldwyn, county of Powys)
< cefn yr wyddgrug “(the) hill (of) the tumulus”


..b/ Gwyddgrug (SN4635) at Llanfihangel ar Arth (county of Caerfyrddin)


..c/ Y Wyddgrug at Madrun (county of Gwynedd)


..d/ Y Wyddgrug at Ffordun (district of Maldwyn, county of Powys)


..e/ Yr Wyddgrug town in the county of Y Fflint (English name: Mold)

ETYMOLOGY: gwydd, a form of gwedd (= form, aspect, shape; face; ?tomb) + soft mutation + ( crug = tumulus, hillock)

NOTE: In some places [ˡgwɪðgrɪg], with the diphthong [ui] reinterpreted as semiconsonant w + [ɪ]


:_______________________________.

Gwyddgrug  ‹ ›
[ˡguiðgrɪg]
1 locality in the county of Caerfyrddin (Dyfed) (SN4635)

ETYMOLOGY: “tumulus, mound, tomb” See the previous entry

:_______________________________.

gwyddoniadur  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwyddoniaduron ‹ ›
1
encyclopaedia
2
bod yn wyddoniadur ar ddwy droed be a walking encyclopaedia (“be an encyclopedia on two feet”)

ETYMOLOGY: word coined in 1852 (gwyddon = scholar) + (-i-adur, suffix indicating a tool or book)

:_______________________________.

gwyddoniaeth
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
science

:_______________________________.

gwyddonol
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
scientific
2
ffug-wyddonol pseudo-scientific

:_______________________________.

gwyddor, gwyddorau
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
alphabet; science
y wyddor the science

2
Gwyddor Ty
 ‹ › Domestic Science

ETYMOLOGY: The Welsh word gwyddor is from Latin abecêdârium ‘alphabet’.
Latin ABECEDÂRIUM
> British *AB’KÊDÂR-
> early Welsh *AFGWYDDAWR > (loss of ‘f’)
> AGWYDDAWR > (aw reduced to o in the final syllable)
> AGWYDDOR > (a becomes e)
> EGWYDDOR > (e dropped)
> GWYDDOR.
The word was confused with the Welsh word of Celtic origin gwydd- = know, knowing, knowledge, and so the plural form (gwyddorau) can also be ‘science’. Egwyddor is used in modern Welsh in the sense of ‘principle’.

:_______________________________.

gwyddost  ‹ › verb
1
(from the verb gwybod = to know) you know;
Oni wyddost ti mai trwy wneud hynny yr aeth o’i gof?
Don’t you know that by doing that he went mad?

:_______________________________.

Gwydir  ‹ › feminine noun
1
name of a mansion (“plas”) in the parish of Llanrhychwyn, Gwynedd (near Llan-rwst in the valley of the river Conwy) . (The University of Wales list of place-name spellings recommends the historical form Gwedir, though it is seldom used if at all. On English maps the misspelling “Gwydyr” is often found)
2
Bro Gwydir “(the) area (of) Gwydir”, Gwydir Country.
There is a primary school in Llan-rwst called Ysgol Bro Gwydir “(the) school (of) Bro Gwydir”

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Gwydir < Gwedir < *Gwadir < *Gwodir
(gwo- prefix = under, below, lower) + soft mutation + (tir = land).
The change gwo- to gwa occurs in other words in Welsh (gwahardd = forbid, gwahodd = invite); because there was an i in the following syllable a became e, a usual occurrence in Welsh; in a manuscript from the year 1640 it can be seen that the form at that time was Gwedir; the later change e to y is unusual
The same compound form is found in Irish fothair (wooded hollow; steep slope toward a precipice) < fuithir (fo = under) + spirant mutation + (tir = land)

:_______________________________.

gwydn
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
tough
2
helygen wydn (helyg gwydn) (Salix caprea) goat willow
See: helygen grynddail fwyaf

:_______________________________.

gwydr, gwydrau
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
glass

2
“chimney” = chimney of a lamp, a glass tube around flame of a lamp

:_______________________________.

gwydrach  ‹ › plural noun
1
small pieces of broken glass, fragments of glass;

ETYMOLOGY: (gwydr = glass) + (-ach plural diminutive suffix)

:_______________________________.

gwydrach
 ‹ › (plural noun)
1
glass fragments

:_______________________________.

gwydraid, gwydreidiau
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
glassful

:_______________________________.

gwydrin  ‹ › adjective
1 (obsolete) woad = (attribute) of woad, where woad grows
2 Ynys Wydrin Glastonbury (England) apparently “woad island”

ETYMOLOGY: ( gwydr = woad) + (-in suffix for forming adjectives) < Latin vitrium (= glass; woad (Isatis tinctora), plant with a dye for colouring glass)
English woad < Old English waad is related to Latin vitrium (= glass)

:_______________________________.

Gwydris  ‹ › feminine noun
1
(SO5719) Goodrich, a village in England on the western bank of the river Wye (Gwy) 6km south-west of Ross-on-Wye (Y Rhosan ar Wy in Welsh); halfway between Ross and the Welsh town of Trefynwy (“Monmouth”)
Castell Gwydris Goodrich Castle, a ruined castle from the 1200’s

ETYMOLOGY: from the English place name “Goodrich”

:_______________________________.

gwyfyn, gwyfynod
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
moth

:_______________________________.

gwyl  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwyliau ‹ ›
1
festival = celebration
yr wyl the festival
2
feast-day = saint’s day festival
3
gwyliau (USA: vacation) (Englandic: holiday, vacation), break from work or study for recreation, rest or travel
gwyliau tramor holidays abroad, foreign holidays
4
cadw gwyl observe a festival
5
Y Gwyliau Christmastide
6
gwyliau (USA: vacation time) (Englandic: holidays) = part of year when normal activity stops
gwyliau tramor (USA: vacation abroad) (Englandic: foreign holidays, holidays abroad)
gwyliau ysgol (USA: school vacation) (Englandic: school holidays)
7
Gwyl, and also Prifwyl, are used to refer to the national eisteddfod; usually with the definite article. The national eisteddfod = yr Wyl (“the festival”), y Brifwyl (“the main festival”)
8
obsolete vigil, watch, guard
this sense is the origin of the following expression (still in use):
cadw gwyl bentan
stay at home, not go out (“keep a fireside vigil”)
9
noswyl eve = eve of a festival or religious feast (for fasting, praying)
Noswyl Calan Mai Eve of May Day, Walpurgis Night (April 30) (“(the) eve (of the) calend (of) May”)
Noswyl Galan New Year’s Eve (31 December) (“(the) eve (of the) calend”)
Noswyl Ifan Midsummer’s Eve (23 June) (“(the) eve (of) John”)
Noswyl Nadolig Christmas Eve (24 December) (“(the) eve (of) Christmas”)

ETYMOLOGY: gwyl < *wyl < *wyghl < British *vigl- < Latin víg’lia < vígilia (= watch before a religious festival);
Also from British: Cornish goel (= feastday), Breton gouel (= feastday).
Irish féile (= feastday, festival) is also from Latin vígilia (Lá Fhéile Pádraig = Saint Patrick’s Day) (“(the) day (of the) festival (of) Pádraig”)

:_______________________________.

gwylan, gwylannod
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
gull, seagull
yr wylan the gull
gwylan benddu (Larus ridibundus) black-headed gull
2 Tinddu medd y frân wrth y wylan the pot calling the kettle black (“black-arse said the crow to the seagull”)

:_______________________________.

gwylan y penwaig  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwylanod y penwaig ‹ ›
1
(Larus argentatus) herring gull

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) gull (of) the herrings” (gwylan = gull) + (y definite article) + (penwaig, plural of pennog = herring)

:_______________________________.

Gwyl Ddewi
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
Saint David’s Day, March 1

:_______________________________.

gwyl ddrama, gwyliau drama
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
drama festival
yr wyl ddrama the drama festival

:_______________________________.

gwyliau
 ‹ › (plural noun)
1
holidays; see gwyl;
2
In the South, Y Gwyliau (locally Y Gwila) = Christmastide, the twelve days of Christmas

:_______________________________.

Gwyl Ifan  ‹ › feminine noun
1
Midsummer's Day (June 24); the feast of Saint John the Baptist, and a quarter day
Noswyl Ifan Midsummer’s Eve (23 June)
Hen Wyl Ifan Old Midsummer’s Day (5 July)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
From the same British root: Cornish Gwoil Iowann (= Midsummer’s Day)
Breton Gouel Yann (= Midsummer’s Day)

:_______________________________.

gwylio
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to watch

:_______________________________.

Gwyl Lafur  ‹ › feminine noun
1
Labour Day (first of May)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwyl = feastday, holiday) + soft mutation + (llafur = labor/ labour)

:_______________________________.

gwyllt
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
wild

2
Aeth yn daro gwyllt All hell broke loose, blows fell thick and fast (“it became wild hitting”)
3
as a second element in some compound words

..1 cocwyllt randy
(coc = cock, penis ) + soft mutation + (gwyllt = wild, out of control)

..2/ ffrochwyllt furious, fierce, wild, broiling
sŵn y rhaeadr ffrochwyllt the sound of the broiling waterfall
ffrochwyllt < ffrychwyllt < rhychwyllt < rhywyllt (= furious)
(rhy- prefix = very, greatly, extremely; the same as the adverb rhy = too, overly) + soft mutaiton + (gwyllt = furious).
The ‘ch’ is not easy to explain; it may be due to the influence of words such as chwyrnu (= to snarl), chwyl (= turn, rotation)

4 car gwyllt (obsolete) bicycle
In the days of long ago, when bicycles were an object of awe and wonder to the youth of Carnarvon, we never called them by any other name other than ceffyl haearn or car gwyllt
T Hudson Williams (1873-1961), University College, Bangor / Vox Populi - A Plea for the Vulgar Tongue
“wild sled” (car = sled) + (gwyllt = wild)

5 tân gwyllt firewok or fireworks

tanen wyllt
firework
:_______________________________.

gwylmabsant  ‹ ›
feminine noun
PLURAL gwylmabsantau ‹ ›
1
parish feastday, parish festival, parish wake = the day of the parish saint, dedication festival, celebration of the patron saint
(‘feastday of the little saint’, mab = son, used here as a diminutive)
(formerly a time of wild revelry and merrymaking)
yr wylmabsant the parish feast day

2
gwely glabsant
makeshift bed (“bed (of) (a) parish wake”) < gwely gwylmabsant

ETYMOLOGY: (gwyl = festival, celebration) + (mabsant = saint, diminutive form of the word sant through prefixing mab, literally ‘son’)

NOTE: colloquial forms: glabsant, glasbant

:_______________________________.

gwylmabsanta  ‹ › verb
1
celebrate the festival of a patron saint of a parish

2
engage in wild revelry

ETYMOLOGY: (gwylmabsant = parish feast, parish festival, parish wake) + (-a suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

gwylog, gwylogod
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
guillemot
yr wylog the guillemot

:_______________________________.

Gwyl y Geni  ‹ › feminine noun
1
Christmas, the Nativity (“(the) festival (of) the birth”)
Mis Rhagfyr 1907 oedd hi, ar drothwy Gwyl y Geni...
It was December 1907, just before Christmas

:_______________________________.

Gwyl y Glaniad  ‹ › feminine noun
1
(Patagonian Welsh) anniversary of the landing of the first Welsh pioneers in Porth Madryn, Patagonia (28 July 1865) (“festival (of) the landing”). In recent years, also celebrated on this date in Y Bala by the Patagonian Welsh who are living in Wales

:_______________________________.

gwymon
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
seaweed

:_______________________________.

gwyn 1  ‹ › (adjective)
1
white

2
flower names
pabi gwyn (“white poppy”)
This is another name for cysglys or cwsglys (Papaver somniferum) Opium Poppy

3
white = colour of tin
saer gwyn tinman, tin worker
gof gwyn tinsmith (“white smith”)

4
(y) Maes-gwyn house name, street name ‘the white field’

5
helygen wen (helyg gwynion) (Salix alba) white willow

6 gwen- First element in place names based on a masculine noun (apparently the vowel y has opened out into e, though inexplicably)
Gwenddwr (village in Powys) (dwr = water, stream)
Gwendraeth (river in county of Caerfyrddin) (traeth = seaside beach, river beach)

7
merfog gwyn
(m), merfogiaid gwyn / gwynion (Blicca bjoerkna) silver bream

8
hywyn white; very white, sparkling
Hywyn = saint to whom Aberdaron parish church is dedicated
(hy- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + ( gwyn = white)

9 place names – after names of buildings (refers usually to limewash)
Hafod-wen white summer farm
Tŷ-gwyn white house

10 migwyn (North Wales) bog moss
“bog-white” migwyn < mig’wyn < mignwyn
(mign = bog) + soft mutation + ( gwyn = white)

11 croenwyn white-skinned
pobl groenwyn white people
(croen = skin) + soft mutation + (gwyn = white)

12 in names expressing the idea of heaven, paradise
gwladwen heaven, paradise “white / blessed / fair land” (gwlad = country, land) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white / blessed / fair )
gwenwlad heaven, paradise (the same elements reversed)
gwynfa heaven, paradise

:_______________________________.

gwyn  ‹ › (m)
PLURAL gwyniau ‹ ›
1 (North Wales) desire, satisfaction, craving

gweld eich gwyn (ar rywbeth) = take a fancy to (something)

(Sefyllfa: Mae’r gof ar fin dychwelyd i’w efail) "Well ‘i mi roi'r troed gora mlaen'" ebe Huw, 'swybod ar y ddaear na fydd o wedi gweld i wyn ar rwbath os bydd o acw o mlaen i. Mae o'n meddwl fod pawb yn lladron, a lleidar weiddith lleidar gynta wyddoch
Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (= Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910)
(Situation: The smith is about to go back to his smithy) “I’d better put my best foot forward,” said Huw.
There’s no knowing whether he’ll take a fancy to something if he’s down there before me. He thinks that everybody is a thief, but a thief is always the first to accuse others of thieving (“a thief shouts thief first”)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwyn = white) (with the influence of gŵyn (= desire))

:_______________________________.

Gwyn
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
man’s name; in origin, the first element of names such as Gwynoro, Gwynlliw, etc

:_______________________________.

Gwyndodeg
 ‹ › (feminine noun, adjective)
1
the dialect of Gwynedd
y Wyndodeg the dialect of Gwynedd

:_______________________________.

gwyndon  ‹ ›
1
meadow
gwyndon (gwyn = white) + soft mutation + (ton = meadow)
The standard form is gwyndwn (with change of final o > w)
Pantygwyndon Name noted by John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911)
“PANT-Y-GWYNDON
(the hollow of the white leyland.) A tenement in the parish of Pentyrch and lordship of Miscyn (1666.)”
(These place names are Pen-tyrch, Meisgyn)

:_______________________________.

gwyndwn
1 meadow
From gwyndon (gwyn = white) + soft mutation + (ton = meadow)
(The standard form gwyndwn shows a change of final o > w)

NOTE: a variant is
..1/ gwndwn ‹ ›
Also in the south-east there are
..2/ gwyndon ‹ ›
..3/ gwndon  ‹ ›

Examples:
..1/ gwndwn
Penygwndwn
(“(the) end (of) the meadow”)
In Blaenau Ffestiniog (county of Gwynedd), there are “Penygwndwn Bungalows” (Welsh name: ?Tai Penygendwn) and “Penygwndwn Estate” (Welsh name: ?Stad Penygwndwn)

..2/ gwyndon
Pantygwyndon Name noted by John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911)
“PANT-Y-GWYNDON (the hollow of the white leyland.) A tenement in the parish of Pentyrch and lordship of Miscyn (1666.)”
(These place names are Pen-tyrch, Meisgyn)

:_______________________________.

..1 gwyndy  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwyndai ‹ ›
1
(obsolete) church, holy house
2
(house name) white house
3
Heol Gwyndy street in Pentre-chwyth (county of Abertawe) (official name: Gwyndy Road)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwyn = white; holy) + soft mutation + (ty = house)

:_______________________________.

..2 gwyndy  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwyndai ‹ ›
1
(place names) may sometimes be a form of gwindy = wine house, wine store

ETYMOLOGY: (gwin = wine) + soft mutation + (ty = house)

:_______________________________.

Gwynedd  ‹ › feminine noun
1
medieval territory in north-west Wales; Latin name: Vênedotia

2
county in the north-west since 1974-1996 (conglomeration of the old counties of Sir Fôn, Sir Gaernarfon, Sir Feirionydd)

3
county in the north-west since 1996 (smaller in size - with the detachment of Sir Fôn which became a county in its own right, and part of the eastern fringe included in the new county of Conwy)
economi’r Wynedd wledig the economy of rural Gwynedd

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Gwynedd  ‹ › (consonant + vocal) < Gwynedd  ‹ › (diphthong) < *Gwwynedd  ‹ › < British wêned-; (British ê always gives the diphthong wy in modern Welsh, and the initial consonant w > gw – consonant g + consonant w – in modern Welsh)

Possibly the same as Old Irish féni (= Irish people) < fían (= band of warriors)
(modern Irish fiann, genitive féinne) (= wandering band of warrior hunters; band of warriors)
< *wen- (= fight, desire)

cf Latin Venus (= love), venâri (= to hunt), vênâtor (= hunter)

NOTE: Tudalen 62, Yr Iaith Gymraeg – Ei Horgraff a’i Chystrawen, D Tecwyn Evans, Lerpwl 1911: “Arfer pob ‘e’ hir yn Latin oedd troi’n wy yn Gymraeg. Felly y daeth ‘rhwyf’ o ‘rêmus’; ‘rhwyd’ o ‘rète’; ‘dwys’ o ‘dênsus’; ‘eglwys’ o ‘ecclêsia’; ‘cannwyll’ o ‘candêla’; ‘gwenwyn’ o ‘venênum’; ‘Gwynedd’ o ‘Vênedotia’... Gŵynedd... nid Gwynedd: y ferch addfwyn o Wynedd...”
It was usual for every long ‘e’ in Latin to become ‘wy’ in Welsh. Thus ‘rhwyf’ (= oar) from ‘rêmus’; ‘rhwyd’ (= net) from ‘rête’; ‘dwys’ (dense) from ‘dênsus’; ‘eglwys’ (= church) from ‘ecclêsia’; ‘cannwyll’ (= candle) from ‘candêla’; ‘gwenwyn’ (poison) from ‘venênum’; ‘Gwynedd’ from ‘Vênedotia’... Gwynedd (diphthong) ... not Gwynedd (consonant + vowel) : “y ferch addfwyn o Wynedd...” the gentle girl from Gwynedd...”

 

NOTE: Page 46 / A Welsh Grammar - Historical and Comparative / John Morris-Jones (1864-1929) /
1913: The following words may be mentioned as those most commonly mispronounced: wy is the falling diphthong in cern ‘vat’, disgl, ‘look, expect’, Gnedd ‘Venedotia’, Gndid, id., morn ‘maiden’, tern ‘ fervent’; it is the rising diphthong in oherdd ‘because of’, cychn, ‘rise, start’, erchn ‘protector, [bed]-side’, deddd ‘happy’

:_______________________________.

Gwynedd ‹ ›
1
masculine noun man’s name
2
feminine noun woman’s name

ETYMOLOGY: from the name of the region (now a county, since 1974) in the north-west

:_______________________________.

Gwyneddaidd  ‹ › adjective
1
of Gwynedd, belonging to Gwynedd, Venedotian

ETYMOLOGY: (Gwynedd = name of region / county) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Gwyneddig  ‹ › adjective
1
of Gwynedd, belonging to Gwynedd, Venedotian

ETYMOLOGY: (Gwynedd = name of region / county) + (-ig suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Gwyneddig  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL Gwyneddigion ‹ ›
1
obsolete man or woman from Gwynedd, person from Gwynedd, Venedotian
2
Cymdeithas y Gwyneddigion ‘association (of) the Venedotians’, 1770-1843, society of Northern Welshmen living in London which promoted Welsh culture, publishing early manuscripts and reviving the Eisteddfod

ETYMOLOGY: = Gwyneddig (adjective)

:_______________________________.

Gwynedd Is Conwy
 ‹ ›
1
(medieval Wales) country in the north-west (Gwynedd above the river Conwy)

:_______________________________.

Gwyneddol  ‹ › adjective
1
of Gwynedd, belonging to Gwynedd, Venedotian
hynodrwydd Gwyneddol yw swnio “z” fel “s”
a Venedotian peculiarity / a peculiarity of Gwynedd is to pronounce “z” as “s”

ETYMOLOGY: (Gwynedd = name of region / county) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Gwynedd Uwch Conwy
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
(medieval Wales) country in the north-west (Gwynedd below the river Conwy)

:_______________________________.

Gwyneddwr  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL Gwyneddwyr ‹ ›
1
Venedotian, man from Gwynedd

ETYMOLOGY: (Gwynedd = name of region / county) + (-ig suffix = ‘man’)

:_______________________________.

Gwyneddwraig  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL Gwyneddwragedd ‹ ›
1
Venedotian, woman from Gwynedd
y Wyneddwraig the woman from Gwynedd

ETYMOLOGY: (Gwynedd = name of region / county) + (-wraig suffix = ‘woman’)

:_______________________________.

Gwyneth
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
woman’s name

:_______________________________.

gwynfan  ‹ › masculine noun
1
fair place; paradise
Street name
..a/ Rhosllannerchrugog, county of Wrecsam
..b/ Nant-y-caws, county of Caerfyrddin
..c/ “Gwynfan Place”, Merthyrtudful (the Welsh name for this street would be simply “Gwynfan” as in the two examples above)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwynn-, penult syllable form of gwyn = white, fair) + soft mutation + (man = lloc)

:_______________________________.

gwynfardd  ‹ › masculine noun
1 druid = highest order in Congress of Bards (Gorsedd Beirdd Ynys Prydein)

ETYMOLOGY: “blessed bard” (gwyn- ‹ ›, penult form of gwyn ‹ ›) + soft mutation + (bardd = bard, poet)

:_______________________________.

Gwynfor
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
man’s name (gwyn = white, mawr = great)

:_______________________________.

gwynfryn  ‹ › masculine noun
1 white hill

ETYMOLOGY: “blessed bard” (gwyn- ‹ ›, penult form of gwyn ‹ ›) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill)

:_______________________________.

Gwynfryn  ‹ ›
1 man's name (from a place name)

ETYMOLOGY: See gwynfryn above

:_______________________________.

Y Gwynfryn ‹ ›
1 locality in Wrecsam Maelor (SJ2552)
Former name Pentre'r-bais

2 the Welsh name for the hill on which the Tower of London stands
For the Tower itself the Dictionary of the Welsh Academy has Y Tŵr Gwyn (“the white tower”), and Tŵr Llundain

Aethpwyd â phen Bendigeidfran i'w chladdu yn y Gwynfryn yn Llundain

The head of Bendigeidfran was taken to be buried in the White Hill

3 Pentregwynfryn locality in Llanbedr (county of Gwynedd) (“the village of Y Gwynfryn”)

:_______________________________.

gwynfydedig  ‹ › adj
1 blessèd; happy, joyful, blissful
pobl wynfydedig blissful people

ETYMOLOGY: (gwynfyd- stem of gwynfydu = make happy, gladden; bless) + (-edig suffix for forming a past participle adjective)

:_______________________________.

gwynfydedigrwydd  ‹ › m
1 beatitude, blessedness
gwynfydedigrwydd y saint the beatitude of the saints
:_______________________________.

ETYMOLOGY: (gwynfydedig = joyful, blessèd) (-rwydd suffix for forming abstract nouns)
gwyngollen  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwyngyll ‹ ›

1
white hazel (used for walking sticks, fishing rods, hurdles, and in the framework of wattle and daub walls

2
place names: Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll
(This is “the Llanfair which is at Pwllgwyngyll, the name of a medieval township here.)
Pwllgwyngyll
is (“(the) pool (of) (the) white hazels”
In the village there is a street called Y Gwyngyll (the white hazels)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwyn = white) + soft mutation + (collen = hazel)
In Irish there is an equivalent form fionncholl (= witch hazel)

:_______________________________.

gwyngyll  ‹ ›
1
white hazels: See gwyngollen

:_______________________________.

Gwyngyll  ‹ ›
1
name of an electoral ward on the island of Môn / Anglesey
Ward Gwyngyll

2 Y Gwyngyll
name of a former children’s home in the village of Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll

3 Pwllgwyngwyll
Name of a medieval township on the island of Môn / Anglesey (“whirlpool by the place called Gwyngyll (= white hazels”)”)

The church dedicated to Mary (Llanfair) situated in this township was distinguished from others in Wales by the addition of the name of the township – Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll

According to Samuel Lewis
'A Topographical Dictionary of Wales', third edition 1849)

“LLANVAIR-PWLLGWYNGYLL (LLAN-FAIR-PWLL-GWYNGYLL), a parish, in the union of Bangor and Beaumaris, hundred of Tyndaethwy, county of Anglesey, North Wales, 4 miles (W. by S.) from Bangor; containing 617 inhabitants. The name of this parish is derived from the dedication of its church to St. Mary, and the distinguishing adjunct from its position nearly opposite to a whirlpool in the Menai strait, formed by the Swelley rocks, which rages with impetuous violence, and of which the term "Pwll Gwyngyll" is emphatically descriptive. The rocks, most of which are visible at low water, obstruct the channel of the strait, and when the lower rocks are covered, the tide, rushing between them with tremendous fury, forms numerous vortices and strong eddies, exceedingly dangerous to vessels navigating this part of the Menai, which are sometimes caught by the rapidity of the current, and dashed against the rocks that appear above the surface. The difficulty of avoiding this impending danger at certain states of the tide, and the roaring noise and violent agitation of the waters, have obtained for this part of the strait the appellation of the Scylla and Charybdis of Welsh mariners, of similar import with its Welsh name Pwll Ceris. At high water the agitation subsides, and the appearance of the surface is smooth and tranquil, differing in no respect from the other parts of the strait.”
:_______________________________.

gwyniad  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwyniaid ‹ ›
1
gwyniaid penfain Thymallinae

2
gwyniaid Coregoninae

3
(Coregonus clupeoides pennantii) gwyniad Llyn Tegid (m), gwyniaid Llyn Tegid
gwyniad (the Welsh name is used in English to refer to this particular fish), a white freshwater fish, found in Llyn Tegid, a lake at Bala, a survival from the Ice Age. An alternative English name is whiting

ETYMOLOGY: (gwyn- = penult form of gwyn = white) + (-iad, suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

gwyniad Llyn Tegid  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwyniaid Llyn Tegid ‹ ›
1
Coregonus clupeiodes pennantii gwyniad (the Welsh name is used in English to refer to this particular fish), or whiting (white freshwater fish, found in Llyn Tegid, a lake at Y Bala, a survival from the Ice Age)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwyn- = penult form of gwyn = white) + (-iad, suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

Gwynionydd
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
(medieval Wales) division of the kantrev of Is Aeron, south-west Wales

:_______________________________.

Gwynllŵg
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
(medieval Wales) division of Morgannwg, south-east Wales

:_______________________________.

Gwynno  ‹ ›
1
name of a male saint of the Celtic Church.

...(1) One of the three saints to whom the church at Llantrisant is dedicated (llan y tri sant - (the) church (of) the three saints) - Illtud, Gwynno and Tyfodwg

...(2) One of the five saints to whom the church at Llanpumsaint (SN4129) (county of Caerfyrddin, south-west Wales) is dedicated (llan y pum saint - (the) church (of) the five saints) – Ceitho, Celynen, Gwyn, Gwynno, and Gwynoro)

2
street name Llys Gwynno, Creigiau, county of Caer-dydd (“court (of) Gwynno”) (Postcode: CF15 9EU)

3
Daearwynno (qv) A farm by Llanwynno church ST0295 (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (“(the) land (belonging to the church dedicated to) Gwynno”
(daear = land) + soft mutation + (Gwynno = saint’s name)

4
Llanwynno (the) church (of) Gwynno (SO0395) locality in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf (South-east Wales)

5
man's given name (from the saint’s name)

ETYMOLOGY: Apparently Gwyn (first element of a compound name; gwyn = white, fair, holy) + (-o diminutive suffix)
Cornish Gwinnow

:_______________________________.

gwynnog  ‹ › adjective
1 (obsolete) windy
The modern word is gwyntog

2 (obsolete) windy = exposed to the wind

3 Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary (page 1778) includes the place name Hafodwynnog as an example of this word, suggesting that it means “windy hafod, windy summer pasture, windy summer residence”.

It is found as Hafodwnnog in
..a/ Ffostrasol, Ceredigion
..b/ Llansanffráid, Ceredigion
..c/ Uwchygarreg, Machynlleth

Place-name analyst Professor Melville Richards however took this to be wynnog “of lambs”, from oen / wyn (= lamb / lambs). See wynnog

ETYMOLOGY: gwynnog < gwyntog (gwynt- = wind) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Gwynnog  ‹ › adjective
1 saint’s name

2 Llanwnnog ‹lhan-u-nog›, originally Llanwynnog
“church (of) Gwynnog” (llan = church) + soft mutation + (Gwynnog).

(SO0293) village in Powys (Sir Drefaldwyn division)
A Topographical Dictionary of Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849
LLANWNNOG (LLAN-WYNNOG), a parish, in the union of Newtown and Llanidloes, Lower division of the hundred of Llanidloes, county of Montgomery, North Wales, 6½ miles (W. by N.) from Newtown; containing 1716 inhabitants. Its name is derived from the dedication of its church to St. Gwynnog, an eminent member of the congregation of Catwg, who flourished about the middle of the sixth century, and was canonized after his decease.
3 Tywynnog ‹tə-wə-nog ‹ › Diminutive form of Gwynnog
 
Botwnnog (SH2631) village in Gwynedd
(bod + Tywynnog) > Bod-dywynnog (“church (of) Tywynnog”) > Botywynnog > Bot’wynnog > Botwnnog

ETYMOLOGY: The saint’s name is (gwyn, gwynn- = white; pure; holy) + (suffix –og)
The change of [wi] in the penult syllable to [u] occurs in other words in Welsh

:_______________________________.

Gwynoro
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
man’s name

:_______________________________.

gwynt, gwyntoedd / gwyntoedd
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
wind;

2
(South) smell
Mae gwynt (rhywbeth) ar
 ‹ › it smells of (something), (“there is a smell / a wind of (something) on”)

3
(South Wales) smell (= unpleasant smell)
gwynt drwg bad smell
Mae gwynt drwg ar ei anadl He’s got bad breath, his breath smells (“there’s a bad smell on his breath”)
gwynt cas nasty smell, bad smell
Mae gwynt cas ar ei anadl (“there’s a nasty smell on his breath”)

4
(animal) bod dan y gwynt (“be under the wind”)
be downwind of you, be in the wind which comes from behind the hunter

(animal) bod o du’r gwynt i
be upwind of, be in a position where the wind moves from a hunted animal towards the the hunter
(“be of the direction of the wind to”)

(animal) bod rhyngoch chi â’r gwynt
(“be between you and the wind”)
= be downwind, be in the wind comes from the direction of the hunter

Roedd y carw rhyngof fi â’r gwynt
The deer was downwind of me
(“the deer was between me and the wind”)

5
pwyso ar wynt rhywun pressurise somebody (“weigh on the wind / breath of somebody”)
pwyso ar wynt tyst pressurise a witness

6
hwylio yn agos i’r gwynt / hwylio yn agos at y gwynt sail close to the wind; (figuratively) undertake a difficult course, take a risk, lay oneself open to disaster

7 hel gwynt i sachau try to do the impossible (“gather wind into sacks”)

8
gosod gwynt o dan adenydd (rhywun) give an impulse to somebody (in some enterprise) (“put wind under the wings of (someone)”)

9
Names of houses and streets
..1/ Sŵn-y-gwynt (“(the) sound (of) the wind”)
….a/ street name in Y Fflint (“Swn y Gwynt”)
….b/ street name in Rhostrehwfa, Llangefni (county of Môn) (“Swn y Gwynt”)
Cf Llais yr Awel / Llaisyrawel (“(the) sound / voice (of) the wind”) house name

10 Crud-y-gwynt house name and street name
(“(the) cradle (of) the wind”) (crud = cradle) + (y = the) + (gwynt = wind)

11 cael gwynt rhywun ynghylch rhywbeth sound somebody out, find out somebody’s opinion about something

12 Dyna ganpunt arall i ganlyn y gwynt (of money spent or wasted) That’s another hundred pounds spent, That’s another hundred pounds down the drain, That’s another hundred pounds I’ll never see again (“There’s another hundred pounds to follow the wind”)

13 Mae si yn y gwynt bod... There’s a rumour in the wind that..., It’s rumoured that...

14 gweld pa ffordd y mae’r gwynt yn chwythu see how things are / see how things stand, see how the land lies

:_______________________________.

gwyntio  ‹ › verb
1 (South Wales), (North-east Wales) (verb with an object) smell = detect the smell of

2 smell, sniff = examine by smelling
Roedd y ci’n gwyntio’r llawr The dog was sniffing the ground

3 (verb without an object) smell = give off a smell
gwynto yn gas smell bad, stink
gwynto fel tail = smell like manure

4 stink out, pong out = cause a place to smell
Ma fe'n gwynto'r lle i gyd It’s stinking the place out (“it stinks all the place”)
Ma’n gwynto saith 'ewl (South) (= Mae’n gwyntio saith heol) It stinks to high heaven (“it stinks out seven streets”)

5 cause a draught to
gwynto'i wyneb cool one’s face in a draught

6 fan, winnow

7
fart, break wind

8 breathe

9 blow = be stormy
(district of Meirionydd) Mae’n gwyntio yn gadarn It’s blowing hard

ETYMOLOGY: (gwynt = wind) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

NOTE: (South Wales) gwynto (in the south the ending -io generally becomes -o)
:_______________________________.

gwynto  ‹ › verb
1 southern form of gwyntio
NOTE: (South Wales) gwynto (in the south the ending -io generally becomes -o)

:_______________________________.

gwyntog
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
windy

:_______________________________.

gwyr
 ‹ › (verb)
1
he / she / it knows
2
Fe’n unig a wyr Only he knows, No-one knows but him

:_______________________________.

Gwŷr
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
(cantref = “kantrev”)
1
(medieval Wales) division of Ystrad Tywi, south-west Wales

:_______________________________.

gwyrdd
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
green
2
glaswyrdd aquamarine = blue tinged with green“blue green, green which is bluish”
(glas = blue) + soft mutation + (gwyrdd = green)
3
names of birds
..1/ cnocell werdd (Picus viridus) green woodpecker
4
yr Ynys Werdd Ireland (“the green island”)
5
helygen werdd (Salix x rubra) green-leaved willow

:_______________________________.

gwyrddaidd  ‹ › adjective
1 greenish

ETYMOLOGY: (gwyrdd- ‹ ›, < gyrdd  ‹ › = green) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

gwyrddlas  ‹ › adjective
feminine form: gwerddlas  ‹ › ; plural form gwyrddleision ‹ ›
1
green, greenish


Lefeticus 13:49 Os gwyrddlas neu goch fydd yr anafod yn y dilledyn, neu yn y croen, neu yn yr ystof, neu yn yr anwe, neu mewn dim o groen; pla’r gwahanglwyf yw efe; a dangoser ef i’r offeiriad
Leveticus 13:49 And if the plague be greenish or reddish in the garment, or in the skin, either in the warp or in the woof, or anything of skin; it is a plague of leprosy and shall be showed unto the priest


2
blue-green, a colour between green and blue in the spectrum


algâu gwyrddlas blue-green algae, cyanbacteria


“Mae algâu gwyrddlas yn wenwynig” yw’r neges ar arwyddion o gwmpas y llyn
“Blue-green algae are poisonous” is the message on signs around the lake


3
verdant = covered with green vegetation, in green leaves


Safai yr eglwys honno ar lecyn tawel, gwyrddlas
That church stood on a quiet, verdant spot


cae gwyrddlas a green field
coed gwyrddlas a green wood


Brenhinoedd-2 16:2 Mab ugain mlwydd oedd Ahas pan ddechreuodd efe deyrnasu... (16:4) Ac efe a aberthodd ac a arogldarthodd yn yr uchelfeydd, ac ar y bryniau, a than pob pren gwyrddlas
Kings-2 16:2 Twenty years old  ‹ › Ahaz when he began to reign... 16:4 And he sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places, and on the hills, and under every green tree.


4
green = inexperienced, immature, unsophisticated
Dyna’r ardal lle bu yn gweithio fel athrawes wyrddlas

5
helygen werddlas (helyg gwyrddleision) (Salix alba var. caerulea) cricket-bat willow
See: helygen las

That’s the area where she worked as a green (= inexperienced) teacher

ETYMOLOGY: (gwyrdd = green) + soft mutation + (glas = blue, green)
Breton gurlaz lizard (“green (animal)”)
NOTE: also gwyrdd las ‹ ›

:_______________________________.

gwyrddni  ‹ › masculine noun
1
greenness
gwyrddni’r tir yn y gwanwyn the greenness of the land in the spring

ETYMOLOGY: (gwyrdd = green) + (-ni suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

gwyrfa  ‹ › feminine noun
1 (South Wales) y wyrfa colloquial form of yr öoerfa. See göoerfa (= cool place, shady place)
In Rugos (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) there is a farm called Wyrfa Uchaf

:_______________________________.

Gwyrfai  ‹ ›
1 Afon Gwyrfai = river in Arfon (Gwynedd)


2 Owain Gwyrfai Owen Williams (1790-1874) poet, born in Y Waun-fawr (county of Gwynedd)
See Hen Arweinwyr Eisteddfodau / Daniel Williams / Llyfrau Pawb 12 / 1944


3 former administrative district (until 1974), a rural district in the county of Caernarfon

ETYMOLOGY: ( gwyr = curve) + soft mutation + (bai = curve)

:_______________________________.

gwyrgam  
guir-gam› adjective
1
crooked, bent,
leaning to one side; not vertical, not perpendicular, not erect


adfeilion aflêr yr hen wrychoedd gŵyrgeimion
the untidy remains of the old bent hedges


2
Mae’n fingul, mae’n fongam, mae’n wargul, mae’n wyrgam description of a bridge by Edward Richard, Ystradmeuirg 1803 (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary t300)
It is narrow-edged, it is bandy-leggèd (= one of the bases is out of position), it is narrow-humped, it is leaning to one side

 

2 deceptive, less than honest, untruthful

ETYMOLOGY: (gŵyr = crooked, bent, askew, slanting) + soft mutation + (cam = crooked, bent)
:_______________________________.

gwyrgamu  
guir-gam-i› adjective
1
lean to one side, incline


adfeilion aflêr yr hen wrychoedd gŵyrgeimion
the untidy remains of the old bent hedges


ETYMOLOGY: (gwyrgam = askew, slanting) + soft mutation + (-u adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.

gwydroad, gwydroadau
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
perversion
gwyrdroad rhywiol sexual perversion

:_______________________________.

gwyrdroedig
 ‹ › (adjective)
1
perverted

:_______________________________.

gwyriad, gwyriadau
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
deviation
gwyriad rhywiol sexual deviation

:_______________________________.

gwyros  ‹ › masculine noun
1
privet, privet hedge
gwalchwyfyn y gwyros privet hawk-moth
2
Caer Gwyrosydd Spurious name for Ystumllwyarth (in English, Oystermouth) in the county of Abertawe.
Occurs in a list of Welsh names in the article “Seisnigo Enwau Cymréig” (“Englishing Welsh Names”) / Emrys ap Iwan / Y Geninen / Rhif 1 / Ionawr, 1897
3
Gwyrosydd name of a poet. See below

ETYMOLOGY: The first element is apparently (gwyr = crooked, slanting); + (-os = plural suffix)

NOTE: Also cwyros, possibly because the initial g was thought to be the soft mutation of c

:_______________________________.

gwyrosydd  ‹ › masculine noun
1
privet hedges.
See gwyros

:_______________________________.

Gwyrosydd  ‹ ›
1
Bardic name of the poet Daniel James (1847-1920), of Tre-boeth, county of Abertawe. Wrote the words to the hymn Calon Lân (“pure heart”). In Tre-boeth there is a street named Heol Gwyrosydd

:_______________________________.

gwyrth, gwyrthiau
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
miracle
y wyrth the miracle

:_______________________________.

gwyryfdy  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwyryfdai ‹ ›
1
(obsolete) nunnery

ETYMOLOGY: (gwyryf- ‹ ›, penult form of gwyryf  ‹ › = virgin) + soft mutation + (ty = house)

:_______________________________.

gwystl  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwystlon ‹ ›
1
pledge, pawn = thing or person left in another’s keeping as security until some obligation has been carried out


2
pledge, surety, bond, collateral; thing deposited as a pledge that a loan will be repaid


Eseciel 18:7 Na gorthrymu neb, ond a roddes ei wystl i’r dyledwr yn ei ôl
Ezekiel 18:7 And hath not oppressed any, but hath restored to the debtor his pledge


3
condition of being collateral
bod yng ngwystl be in pledge
cael yng ngwystl receive as a pledge
cymryd yng ngwystl take as a pledge
dodi yng ngwystl put in pledge, hand over as a pledge
rhoi yng ngwystl put in pledge, hand over as a pledge

Amos 2:8 Ac ar ddillad wedi eu rhoi yng gwystl y gorweddant wrth bob allor; a gwin y dirwyol a yfant yn nhy eu duw
Amos 2:8 And they lay themselves down upon clothes laid to pledge by every altar, and they drink the wine of the condemned in the house of their god.

Deuteronomium 24:6 Na chymeryd neb faen isaf nac uchaf i felin ar wystl; canys y mae yn cymeryd dyn yng ngwystl
Deuteronomy 24:6 No man shall take the nether or the upper millstone to pledge: for he taketh a man’s life to pledge.

4
ar wystl = yng ngwystl
Ecsodws 22:26 Os cymeri ddiledyn dy gymydog ar wystl, dyro ef adref iddo erbyn machludo haul
Exodus 22:26 If thou at all take thy neighbour’s raiment to pledge, thou shalt deliver it unto him by that the sun goeth down

5
cymryd ar wystl
take as security for a loan
Job 24:3 Y maent yn gyrru asynnod yr amddifad ymaith; maent yn cymryd ych y wraig weddw ar wystl
Job 24:3 They drive away the ass of the fatherless, they take the widow’s ox for a pledge.

6
hostage

7 ‘hostage’ in forenames from the British period
Arwystl (= pledge, surety, bond), (ar- = intensifying prefix)
Cyngwystl (cyn- = dog, warrior),
Gwrwystl (gŵr = man)
Tangwystl (?)
Tudwystl (tud = people)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwystl < British
From the same British root: Cornish gwystel (= pledge, pawn; hostage), Breton gouestl (= pledge, pawn; hostage).

1 Gaulish had the name Con-geistl- (equivalent to the Welsh name Cyngwystl (cyn- = dog, warrior)

2 From the same Celtic root: Irish giall (= hostage, human pledge)

3 German die Geisel  ‹ › (= hostage)
Cf the English name Gilbert < Old French Guillebert ultimately from Germanic ‘Gisil-berht’ (hostage + bright’) (if not Gilbert < will- + berht, bright will),

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwystl < British
From the same British root: Cornish gwistl, Breton gouestl
Gaulish had con-geistl- (= Welsh Cyngwystl)

:_______________________________.

Gwyr Rhyddon Llantrisant ‹ ›
1
nickname for people of Llantrisant “the freemen of Llantrisant” (i.e. in contrast to bondsmen)
NOTE: (gwyr = men, plural of gŵr = man); (rhyddon is the southern form of rhyddion, the plural form of rhydd = free; in the south, the suffix -ion loses the initial semiconsonant > -on);

:_______________________________.

gwys  ‹ › feminine noun
1
(obsolete) sow


2
(district of Maldwyn, county of Powys) pig


3
place names:
Nant Gwys, tributary of the Twrch river in Cwm Twrch, Ystalyfera (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)


4
(North Wales) gis gis! call to a pig

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
Còrnic gwis (= sow, pig), Breton gwiz (= sow)

:_______________________________.

gwystlo
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to pawn

:_______________________________.

gwystlwr  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwystlwyr ‹ ›
1
pawnbroker

ETYMOLOGY: (gwystl-, stem of the verb gwystlo = to pawn) + (-wr ‘man’)

:_______________________________.

gwyth  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwythi, gwythau, gwythiau  ‹ ›
NOTE: (South Wales)  > w in the tonic syllable in many words; hence gwthi ‹ ›.
Cf cmpo (to fall) > cwmpo, and gbod (= to know) > gwbod


1
vein, sinew


2
seam
gwythi glo coal seams


3
(pronounced gwthi) gristle in meat


4
(obsolete) stream


5
vein in a leaf, or rib (a larger vein on a leaf)


6
cwlwm gwythi cramp (“knot of tendons / muscles”)
Cododd cwlwm gwythi arno He got cramp (“a knot of muscles rose on him”)


7
(South Wales) (person) esgudwyth irritable
(esgud = quick) + soft mutation + (gwyth = vein)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gth  ‹ › < *gth  ‹ › < British wêtt- < Celtic.


In the other British languages: Cornish gwithi (= veins), Breton gwazh (= stream)


In the Hibernian branch of Celtic: Irish féith (= vein) < *weiti-


British wêtt- corresponds to Latin vitta (= tape), related to Latin viêre (= to plait)


Used in English, vitta (1) (Biology) stripe of colour, (2) (Botany) tubelike cavity with oil in the fruits of certain plants such as parsley

:_______________________________.

gwythïen, gwythiennau
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
vein
y wythien the vein

:_______________________________.

Gwythur
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
(obsolete) man’s name; from Latin Victor.

Survives as a surname in the Penfro area (“Gwyther”)

:_______________________________.

gwythwch  ‹ › feminine noun
1 (obsolete) wild sow

2 occurs in place-names:


..a/ Nant Gwythwch (Cemais, county of Penfro) (“(the) stream / valley (of the) sow”)


..b/ Blaengwythwch, Carregcennen, Llandeilo (county of Caerfyrddin) (“source (of the stream) (of the) sow”)


..c/ (possibly) Cilgwythwch, Llan-rug (SH5363) (county of Gwynedd) (“source (of the stream) (of the) sow”)

ETYMOLOGY: (gwydd = wild) + (hwch = sow) > gwydd-hwch > gwyth-’wch / gwythwch (dd-h > th)

:_______________________________.

gwywiad
 ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwywiad au ‹ ›
1
atrophy, withering, fading

ETYMOLOGY: (gwyw- stem of gwywo = to fade, to wither, to atrophy) +(-i-ad abstract noun-forming suffix)

:_______________________________.

gwywo
 ‹ › (verb)
1
fade

:_______________________________.

gyd
 ‹ ›
1
see “i gyd” (= all)

:_______________________________.

gyda, gydag
 ‹ › (preposition) (gydag before a vowel)
1
with


2
gyda chyfaill
 ‹ › (preposition) with a friend


3
gyda llaw
 ‹ › (adverb) by the way


4
gyda phleser
 ‹ › (adverb) with pleasure


5
gyda chryn drafferth with great difficulty


6
(South Wales) mynd gyda (1) accompany (2) go out with (a sexual partner)


7
gyda phob parch i chi with all due respect (“with every respect to you”)


8 gyda'ch cennad by your leave, with your permission
gyda chennad with permission

9
used with superlative adjectives to form phrases equivalent to English 'one of the best' (gyda’r gorau), 'one of the most expensive' (gyda’r drutaf) etc
diemwnt gyda’r harddaf one of the most beautiful diamonds

10
gyda’r clod uchaf summa cum laude (“with the highest praise”)


11 (South) affected parts of body
Mae pen tost gyda fi I’ve got a headache
Mae gwddwg tost gyda fi I’ve got a sore throat
Mae llwnc tost gyda fi I’ve got a sore throat

12 gydag amser with the passage of time, over time (“with time”)

:_______________________________.

gyda golwg ar ‹ ›
1
with reference to, as regards

ETYMOLOGY: (“with (a) view on”) (gyda = with) + (golwg = view) + (ar = on)

:_______________________________.

gyddfau
 ‹ › (plural noun)
1
necks, throats; see gwddf

:_______________________________.

gyddf-ddu  ‹ › adjective
1
black-throated, black-necked;
gwyach yddf-ddu black-necked grebe Podiceps nigricollis
trochydd gyddf-ddu black-throated diver Gavia arctica

ETYMOLOGY: (gyddf-, penult form of gwddf = neck) + soft mutation + (du = black)

:_______________________________.

gyddfdorch  ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gyddfdorchau ‹ ›
1 torque = necklace made of twisted metal, usually gold, worn by the ancient Celts and Germans

ETYMOLOGY: (gyddf-, penult form of gwddf = neck) + soft mutation + (torch = torque, neckalce of twisted gold, etc)

:_______________________________.

gyddfir  ‹ › adjective
1
long-necked

ETYMOLOGY: gyddfir < gyddf-hir (gyddf-, penult form of gwddf = neck) + (hir = long)

:_______________________________.

gyddfgam  ‹ › adjective
1
wrynecked, with a twisted neck
aderyn gyddfgam (bird) wryneck

ETYMOLOGY: (gyddf-, penult form of gwddf = neck) + soft mutation + (cam = twisted)

:_______________________________.

gyddf-goch  ‹ › adjective
1
red-throated, red-necked; gwyach yddfgoch red-necked grebe

ETYMOLOGY: (gyddf-, penult form of gwddf = neck) + soft mutation + (coch = red)
See corhedydd gyddf-goch / gwyach gyddf-goch / llydandroed gyddf-goch

:_______________________________.

gyfeillion ‹ ›
1
soft-mutated form of cyfeillion = friends. See cyfaill


2
also used as a vocative form
Gyfeillion! Friends!


Pnawn da, gyfeillion! Good afternoon, friends. (On local radio in Y Wladfa (the Welsh settlement in Argentina), Tegai Roberts presented a weekly hour-long programme of Welsh music, which I herad in 1975. This was the greeting at the beginning of the programme, and the only Welsh words which were permitted, apart from the song titles)


Croeso, gyfeillion! Welcome, friends!


Amser cau, gyfeillion! Time, gentlemen, please! (Announcement by a pub landlord that it is time for customers to leave the premises) (“time (of) closing, friends”)

:_______________________________.

gyferbyn ‹ ›
1
opposite, facing


2
(preposition) gyferbyn â opposite
bron gyferbyn â almost opposite
yn union gyferbyn â directly opposite


NOTE: (South Wales) goddereb < godderbyn < gyferbyn
Also goddyreb with the vowel reduction e > y

ETYMOLOGY: cyferbyn (adjective) = opposite. There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases, inthis case c > g, hence gyferbyn

:_______________________________.

Y Gyffin  ‹ › feminine noun
1
SH7776 locality in the county of Conwy (a suburb in the south side of the town of Conwy)
Ysgol Gyffin name of a primary school in Conwy


2
a parish at this place

ETYMOLOGY: “the boundary, the frontier” (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (cyffin = boundary, frontier)

:_______________________________.

gyfod-  ‹ › verb
1
soft-mutated form (c > g) of cyfod-, stem of the verb cyfodi = raise, lift; arise, get up. In modern Welsh the verb is codi


Croniclau-2 30:14 A hwy a gyfodasant, ac a fwriasant ymaith yr allorau oedd yn Jerwsalem; bwriasant ymaith allorau yr arogl-darth, a thaflasant hwynt i afon Cidron
Chronicles-2 30:14 And they arose and took away the altars that were in Jerusalem, and all the altar for incense took they away, and cast them into the brook Kidron

:_______________________________.

Y Gyfylchi  ‹ › feminine noun
1
SS8095 locality in the county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan
Above here is Craig y Gyfylchi (rock / crag of Gyfylchi)

ETYMOLOGY: “the fort” (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (cyfylchi = fort) < (obsolete) cyfwlch = perfect; circle
See cyfylchi

:_______________________________.

gylf  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gylfau ‹ ›
1
obsolete beak. Modern Welsh has gylfin (= beak) (qv)


2
the British root is to be seen in the town name “Reculver”, a town in South-east England of British and Roman origin (Latin name: Regulbium, British name *Regulbion) “big beak”, apparently referring to a promontory, from

(ro intensifying prefix, corresponding to modern Welsh rhy- (intensifying prefix), rhy (noun = too much, adverb = too much, too)) + (gulbi- = beak)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gylf < British *gulbi-
cf English gouge, year 1440+ < French gouge < Late Latin gulbia (= chisel) < Celtic

Modern French has gouge (= gouge, hollow chisel)



:_______________________________.

gylfin  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gylfinod ‹ ›
1
bill, beak


Genesis 8:11 A’r golomen a ddaeth ato ef ar brynhawn; ac wele ddeilen olewydden yn ei gylfin hi, wedi ei thynnu
Genesis 8:11 And the dove came in to him in the evening; and, lo, in her mouth was an olive leaf pluckt off


2
See also gylb (obsolete form = beak), and the bird names gylfinbraff, gylfindew, gylfingroes, gylfinir

ETYMOLOGY: gylfin < British *gulbin- < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish gelvin (= beak)
From the same Celtic root: Irish guilbneán (= little beak)


NOTE: also with the pronunciations cylfin  ‹ › and cilfin ‹ ›

:_______________________________.

gylfinaid  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gylfineidiau ‹ ›
1
beakful

ETYMOLOGY: (gylfin = beak) + (-aid, suffix = contents, -ful)
NOTE: North-west Wales glyfiniad ‹ ›, In this region aid > iad. Also with the loss of -i - glyfinad ‹ ›, and with a change of accent and the loss of a syllable glyfniad ‹ ›

:_______________________________.

gylfinbraff  ‹ › adjective
1
having a stout bill
2
morwennol ylfinbraff Gelochelidon nilotica gull-billed tern

ETYMOLOGY: (gylfin = beak) + soft mutation + (praff = stout)

:_______________________________.

gylfinbraff  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gylfinbraffau ‹ ›
1
Coccothraustes coccothraustes hawfinch

ETYMOLOGY: see the preceding
ETYMology

:_______________________________.

gylfindew  ‹ › adjective
1
having a thick bill

ETYMOLOGY: (gylfin = beak) + soft mutation + (tew = thick, fat)

:_______________________________.

gylfingroes  ‹ › adjective
1
with a crossed bill

ETYMOLOGY: (gylfin = beak) + soft mutation + (croes = crossed)

:_______________________________.

gylfingroes  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gylfingroesau ‹ ›
1
(Ornithology) Loxia curvirostra crossbill

ETYMOLOGY: see the preceding entry

:_______________________________.

gylfinir  ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gylfinirod ‹ ›
1
Numenius arquata = curlew


Heol Gylfinir “heol y gylfinir” “(the) street (of) the curlew”)
Street name in Y Barri (county of Bro Morgannwg)


2 coegylfinir (Numenius phaeopus) whimbrel, lesser curlew
(coeg = empty, blind; pseudo- ) + soft mutation + (gylfinir = curlew)

ETYMOLOGY: “long beak” gylfinir < gylfinhir < (gylfin = beak) + (hir = long)
NOTE: North-west Wales glifirin and glinifir

:_______________________________.

gymaint  ‹ › adverb
1 so much
(= so often) Pam mae e gymaint ar ei ben ei hunan? Why is he alone so much?


y naill gymaint â’r llall one as much as the other, equally


Rwy i’n hoffi’r naill gymaint â’r llall I like them both equally, I like one as much as the other

ETYMOLOGY: There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases, hence cymaint > gymaint (c > g)

:_______________________________.

Gymro ‹ ›
1
(epithet) = the Welshman; Welsh speaker


Gerallt Gymro Gerald the Welshman, translation of “Giraldus Cambrensis”, (Gerald of Wales), the name used by the Latin writer Gerald de Barri (c1146-1223), a Welshman of a mixed Norman-settler and native-Welsh background


Dafydd Gymro name of an individual in the year 1326 in the village of Cas-bwnsh (county of Penfro)

ETYMOLOGY: Gymro soft mutation of Cymro (= Welshman) (epithets had soft mutation of the first consonant)

:_______________________________.

Gymru  ‹ ›
feminine noun
1
soft-mutated form of Cymru = Wales
Croeso i Gymru = Welcome to Wales
gwlanen Gymru Welsh flannel

:_______________________________.

gynau  ‹ › -
1
gowns - plural form of gwn

:_______________________________.

gynddeiriog  ‹ › adjective
1
soft-mutated form of cynddeiriog = rabid


2
intensifier = very, exceptionally
bod yn hoff gynddeiriog o be extremely fond of

:_______________________________.

gynt  ‹ › adverb
1
formerly, before, earlier


2
Gynt... Once upon a time (conventional phrase for beginning a fairy tale, etc)
(Also: Unwaith..., Un tro..., Ers talwm..., Ers llawer dydd..., Ryw dro...”)


3
quicker, sooner

:_______________________________.

gynt  ‹ › feminine noun
1
obsolete people, tribe
2
in certain names from the British period - Gwrin, Bleddyn

ETYMOLOGY: gynt < Latin gent-em < gens (= family; race)

:_______________________________.

gyntaf  ‹ › adv
1 first = for the first time
pan ddaeth tatws i Ewrop gyntaf when potatoes first came to Europe
fe’i cyhoeddwyd gyntaf yn 1975 it was first printed in 1975

2 gyntaf erióed for the first time ever, for the first time in my life
yno brofes i fango ginta erioed there I tasted a mango for the first time ever

3 gweld golau dydd gyntaf first see the light of day (= be born)
4 first = before
pwy fu farw gyntaf - y gŵr neu’r wraig? who died firdt - the man or the woman?

ETYMOLOGY: cyntaf (= first) with soft mutation to indicate its adverbial function

:_______________________________.

gynted fyth ag y gellir  ‹ › adv;;)
1
as soon as possible, as soon as you possibly can

ETYMOLOGY: (cynted = as soon) + (fyth, soft-mutated form of byth = ever) + (ag y = that) + (gellir = it can be (done)) There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases - hence cynted > gynted

:_______________________________.

gyredig  ‹ › adjective
1
driven
siafft yredig driven shaft
trydan-yredig electricity driven, electrically operated

ETYMOLOGY: (gyr-, stem of gyrru = to drive) + (-edig past passive suffix)

:_______________________________.

gyrfa, gyrfaoedd
 ‹ › (feminine noun)
1
career
yr yrfa the career

:_______________________________.

Y Gyrnos  ‹ › plural
1
In place names.
“the small heaps, the small mounds, the little mounds”

A form of Y Gurnos
See curnos and curn

:_______________________________.

gyrru
 ‹ › (verb)
1
to drive (a vehicle)

2
drive (cattle), (as a cattle drover)

3
gyrru byddin ar ffo to rout an army (“drive an army fleeing”)

4 gyrru (ymosodiad) yn ei ôl repel (an attack)

5 (North) gyrru rhwng pobl stir up trouble between people (“drive / send between people”)
Cf (South) hala rhwng pobl stir up trouble between people (“send between people”)
6 gyrru ofn ar frighten
gyrru braw ar frighten
gyrru dychryn ar
frighten

:_______________________________.

gyrrwr, gyrrwr
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
driver
prentis gyrrwr learner driver
2
gyrrwr fan van driver
3
gyrrwr bws, gyrwyr bysiau
 ‹ › bus driver
4
gyrrwr car
 ‹ › car driver
5
gyrrwr crên
 ‹ › crane driver
6
gyrrwr lori
 ‹ › truck driver, teamster (Englandic: lorry driver)
7
gyrrwr tacsi
 ‹ › taxi driver
8
gyrrwr tram
 ‹ › tram driver
9
gyrrwr trên
 ‹ › train driver

:_______________________________.

gyr, gyrroedd
 ‹ › (masculine noun)
1
flock, herd

:_______________________________.

gyr  ‹ › verb
1 (past participle) driven; wrought
metel gyr wrought metal

2 (literary Welsh) he / she / it will drive (third person singular present of gyrru)
(colloquially this is gyrriff or gyrrith)
:_______________________________.

gyr-  ‹ › verb
1 stem of gyrru (= to drive) before a consonant
gyrwyr drivers (here w is a consonant)

:_______________________________.

gyrr-  ‹ › verb
1 stem of gyrru (= to drive) before a vowel
gyrrwr driver (here w is a vowel)

:_______________________________.

gyrwyr
 ‹ › (plural noun)
1
drivers; plural of gyrrwr

:_______________________________.

gystal  ‹ › adverb
1
so well, as well

gystal â neb as well as anyone, with the best of them

gystal os nad gwell na... as well as if not better than...

Gallai Marged rwyfo cwch gystal os nad gwell nag unrhyw ddyn
Marged could row a boat as well as, if not better then, a man

ETYMOLOGY: gystal = soft mutation of cystal (= as well). Adverbial phrases have soft mutation of the initial consonant of the first word

:_______________________________.

gythrel ‹ ›
1
soft mutation of cythrel, colloquial form of cythraul (= devil)


2
damned, bloody, goddam
yr ast gythrel that goddam bitch





 

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Adolygiad diweddaraf - latest update: 2008-10-01, 2005-10-24