A Welsh to English Dictionary in page format
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_gw_1042e.htm
Yr
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|
|
Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia
|
(delw 4666) |
1580e
A | 1039e
B | 1735e
BR | 1018e
C | 1071e
CE | 1675e
CI
| 1040e
CR
| 1075e
CY | 1020e
D | 1674e
DI | 1072e
E | 1077e
F
| 1021e
G | 1042e
GW
| 1038e
H
| 1676e
HY, I, J, K,
| 1865e
L | 1022e
M | 1677e
M | 1047e
N | 1600e
O | 1023e P | 1073e PL | 1026e R | 1070e S | 1024e T | 1076e TR | 1025e U,V | 1731e W, X | 1586e Y, Z |
gw- ›
In words derived from Common Celtic, initial gw in the British languages (Welsh, Cornish, Breton) corresponds to
an initial f in the Hibernian
languages (Irish, Scottish, Manx)
|
Welsh |
Irish |
|
greddf (=
instinct) (older Welsh gwreddf) |
fréamh (=
root) |
|
gwair (=
grass) |
feár (=
grass) |
|
gwared (=
riddance) |
fóir (=
help) |
|
gwas ‹ › (=
residence, mansion) |
fos (=
stopping, staying) |
|
gwasgod (=
shelter, shade) |
foscadh (=
shelter) |
|
gwasgu (=
squeeze, press, crush) |
fáisc (=
squeeze, press) |
|
gwastad (=
flat, even) |
fosaidh (=
steady, firm) |
|
gwaun (=
marshy land) |
fána (=
downward slope, hollow) |
|
gwawd (= ‹ › praise,
eulogy, song of praise; ‹ › scorn, derision) |
fáth (=
cause, reason) |
|
gwawl >
Y Wawl in Scotland, southern Roman
Wall between Gweryd (Forth) and Clud (Clyde) |
fál (=
hedge, fence) |
|
gwawr (=
dawn) |
fáir (= sunrise, dawn) (literary word) |
|
gwayw (=
ache, pain) |
fogha (=
dart, javelin) |
|
gwchi (=
wasp) |
foiche (=
wasp) |
|
gwe (=
spider’s web) |
fí (=
texture) |
|
gwedd (= yoke) |
feadhain [f’a:n’] (= company, group of people)
(apparently the original sense was yoke) |
|
gweili (=
empty) (older Welsh gweilydd) |
|
|
gwg (= frown; disapproval) |
fíoch (= anger, fury) |
|
gwern (=
alder trees) |
fearn
(alder tree; mast of a ship) |
|
gwerthyd
(= spindle) |
fearsaid
(= spindle, axle) |
|
gwledd (=
banquet, feast) |
fleá < fleadh (= banquet, feast) |
|
gŵr (=
man) |
fear (=
man) |
|
gwrug (=
heather) (now grug in standard Welsh,
but still gwrug in South Wales colloquial Welsh) |
fraoch (= heather) |
|
gŵydd (=
wild) |
fia (= deer, originally ‘wild animal’; wilderness) |
|
gwŷdd (=
trees) |
fiodh (= wood
- in the sense of ‘material’) |
|
gŵydd (element
in the word gwybod = to know <
*gwyddfod) |
fios (=
knowledge) |
|
gwyn (=
white) |
fionn (=
white) |
gw-
Forms with initial w- were
historically always soft-mutated forms of gw-
(gwasg = press, y wasg = the press).
As a result some loans from English with initial w- developed an initial g
in Welsh as the radical form
gwal = wall (though wal is the usual radical form in modern
Welsh)
gwasgod = waistcoat
gwast = waist
gwidw = widow
Gwersyllt (SJ3152) locality in the county of Wrecsam. From the English name
Wershull (1315) apparently ‘gallows
hill’ (Llafar Gwlad, Haf 1985, Rhif 9)
Gwesbyr (SJ1183) locality in the
county of Y Fflint. Recorded in the year 1086 as Westberie (an English name = western farmstead; corresponds to
modern English west, and bury = in place names: fort)
Gwilym = William
The initial g- before a w developed in early Welsh. In British
this initial g- did not exist..
EXAMPLES:
We can also compare words of British origin which are similar to words in other
languages to see this inital g- in
Welsh
1) gwo- (= under, sub-, hypo-) (an
obsolete prefix, now generally go)
< British wo
Equivalent to English hypo- <
Greek hupo (this ‘p’ was lost in
Celtic equivalents)
2) gwerth (= value) cf. English worth (Note: despite the similarity in form, gwerth is not a borrowing from English worth)
3) gwydd (element = ‘knowing’, found
in gwybod = to know) related to
English wit (= intelligence)
Compare also Latin words which were borrowed into British (v was pronounced as u / w)
4) Latin venênum (= poison) >
Welsh gwenwyn (= poison)
5) Latin viridem (= green) > vir’d- > Welsh gwyrdd (= green)
:_______________________________.
gw-
1 In South-east Wales a couple of
words which in the standard language begin with chw- occur with gw-.
In the case of the word chwarae this
is similar to the Cornish word, though not the Breton form; and in the case of chwerw, this gw- is not found in Cornish.
(delw 7476)
(1) gwara
= standard Welsh chwarae (= to play;
a game) ;
Cornish gwari (= game; theatrical
play), Breton c’hoari (= to play)
(delw 7477)
(2) gwerw = standard Welsh chwerw (= sharp, bitter) ;
Cornish hwerow (= bitter), Breton c’hwerv (= bitter)
:_______________________________.
gwaad <GWAAD> [gwɑːd]
1
southern form of gwaed (= blood)
Usually spelt gwâd / gwa’d
See aa
:_______________________________.
gwääd
<GWÄÄD> [gwääd]
1
south-eastern form of gwaed (=
blood)
Usually spelt gwêd / gwæd
See aa / gwaad
:_______________________________.
gwaath <GWAATH> [gwɑːθ]
1 southern form of gwaeth (= worse)
Usually spelt gwâth / gwa’th
See aa
:_______________________________.
gwääth
<GWÄÄTH> [gwääθ]
1
south-eastern form of gwaeth (= worse)
Usually spelt gwêth / gwæth
See aa / gwaath
:_______________________________.
gwacâd
<gwa-KAAD> [gwaˡkɑːd] masculine
noun
1 emptying, depletion
2 evacuation = (of an area) removal of people (from danger, etc)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaca-, stem of gwacáu = to empty) + (-ad suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwacáu
<gwa-KAI> [gwaˡkaɪ] verb
1 empty
Gwacaodd y botel i lawr y sinc He
emptied the bottle down the sink
2 Physics Chemistry, pump out, create a vacuum
3 empty = become empty
Yn sgîl gwacáu’r capeli yng Nghymru...
As a consequence of the emptying (= fall in attendance of religious services)
of the chapels in Wales...
ETYMOLOGY: (gwag = empty) + (-hau suffix for forming verbs from
adjectives)
gwag-háu > gwacáu (the combination g +
h produces c)
NOTE: gwacáu is generally a southern
word; in the north gwagio and gwagu are used
:_______________________________.
gwachal
<GWAA-khel> [ˡgwɑˑxɛl] verb
South-east Wales
1 (infinitive) avoid, beware, shun
2
(imperative) take care not to...!, mind you don’t (fall, etc)!
See: gochel (= beware)
(delw 7479)
:_______________________________.
gwachel
<GWAA-khel> [ˡgwɑˑxɛl] verb
South-west Wales
1 (infinitive) avoid, beware, shun
2
(imperative) take care not to...!, mind you don’t (fall, etc)!
See: gochel (= beware)
:_______________________________.
Gwachel Foddi
<GWAA-khel
VOO-dhi> [ˡgwɑˑxɛl ˡvoˑðɪ] -
1 colloquial name for the inn in central Pontardawe (county of
Castell-nedd ac Aberafan, south-east Wales); (“mind you don’t drown”) (English
name: Pontardawe Inn)
:_______________________________.
gwachla
<GWAKH-la> [ˡgwaxla] verb
South-west Wales
1 (imperative) take care not to...!, mind you don’t (fall, etc)!
See: gochel (= beware)
:_______________________________.
gwachlwch
<GWAKH-lukh> [ˡgwaxlʊx] verb
South-west Wales
1 (imperative) take care not to...!, mind you don’t (fall, etc)!
See: gochel (= beware)
:_______________________________.
gwachlyd
<GWAKH-lid> [ˡgwaxlɪd] verb
South-west Wales
1 (infinitive) avoid, beware, shun
See: gochel (= beware)
:_______________________________.
gwachul
<GWAA-khil> [ˡgwɑˑxɪl] adjective
1 thin, gaunt, lean
2 weak, sickly
3 feeble, poor, substandard
Cwynent am iaith wachul y radio, llawn o ymadroddion Saesneg
They complained of the poor language of the radio, full of English
expressions
4 o’r gwych i’r gwachul from the sublime to the ridiculous
5 mynd trwy’r gwych a’r gwachul take the bitter with the sweet, have ups and downs (“go through the
splendid (period) and the lean (period)”)
ETYMOLOGY: gwachul < goachul (go intensifying suffix)+ (achul
= thin)
:_______________________________.
gwacsiol <GWAK-shol> [ˡgwakʃɔl] adjective
1
empty-headed
ETYMOLOGY: gwacsiol > gwagsiol (gwag = empty) + (siol =
head)
:_______________________________.
gwa’d
<GWAAD> [gwɑːd]
1
southern form of gwaed (= blood)
Usually spelt (less correctly) gwâd
See aa / gwaad
:_______________________________.
gwadd, gwaddod <GWAADH, GWAA-dhod> [ˡgwɑːð,
gwɑˑðɔd] (feminine noun)
1 mole
y wadd the mole
cysgu fel gwadd sleep like a log,
sleep like a baby (“sleep like a mole”)
mynd i wlad y gwaddod die, kick the
bucket (“go to the land of the moles”)
bod mor ddall â’r wadd be as blind
as a bat (“be as blind as the mole”)
:_______________________________.
gwaddod
<GWAA-dhod> [ˡgwɑˑðɔd] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaddodion
<gwa-DHOD-yon> [gwaˡðodjɔn]
1 sediment, dregs
2
llifwaddod alluvium, alluvial
deposit (llif = flow) + soft
mutation + (gwaddod = sediment)
3
adjective, sedimentary
creigiau gwaddod sedimentary rocks
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwaddod < gwaddawd < *gwoddawd < British *wo-dât-
From the same British root: Cornish godhes
(= sediment)
NOTE: In some places (eg Llanrhaeadr): addod
:_______________________________.
gwaddod
<GWAA-dhod> [ˡgwɑˑðɔd]
1 Plural of gwadd (=
mole)
:_______________________________.
gwaddodi
<gwa-DHOO-di> [ˡgwaðoˑdɪ] verb
1 precipate,
settle, leave a sediment
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaddod = sediment) + (-i suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwaddodlyd
<gwa-DHOD-lid> [gwaˡðodlɪd] adjective
1 full of sediment,
dregs; feculent
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaddod = sediment) + (-lyd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwadn, gwadnau <GWADN, GWAD-nai, -e> [gwadn, gwadnaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
South Wales: gwaddan , plural gwanddau <GWAA-dhan> [ˡgwɑˑðan] <GWAN-dhai, -e> [ˡgwanðaɪ, -ɛ]
1 sole
2
inner sole, insole = insert in shoe
mewnwadn = inner sole, insole
ETYMOLOGY:
NOTE: South Wales gwaddne > gwandde (metathesis DD-N > N-DD)
Cf the river name Llynfi, originally Llyfni, and Dynfant <
Dyfnant showing metathesis V-N > N-V)
:_______________________________.
gwadu <GWAA-di> [ˡgwɑˑdɪ] (verb)
1
deny
2
gwadu rhywbeth yn grwn ac ar groes
completely deny something (“roundly and across”)
gwadu rhywbeth ar ei ben completely
deny something
:_______________________________.
gwae <gwai> [gwaɪ] (masculine noun) (obsolete)
1
woe (obsolete, except in exclamations)
gwae fi! <gwai-VII> [gwaɪ
ˡviː]
(phrase) woe is me!
:_______________________________.
gwaed <GWAID> [gwaɪd] (masculine noun)
1
blood
Mae drygioni yng ngwaed y teulu
Delinquency runs in the family (“badness is in the blood of the family”)
2
rhoddwr gwaed blood donor
3
bod am waed (rhywun) be out to get
somebody, be after somebody’s blood (USA: be gunning for somebody); be angry
with someone and to be looking for the person to inflict a punishment (“to be
for / to be wanting the blood of somebody”)
Mae e am dy waed di He’s out for
your blood
4
gwaetgar bloodthirsty
gwaetgar < gwáed-gar (gwaed =
blood) + (-gar suffix for forming
adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru
= to love)
:_______________________________.
gwaedd, gwaeddau <GWAIDH, GWEI-dhai,
-e> [ˡgwaɪð,
ˡgwəɪðaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1
shout
y waedd the shout
:_______________________________.
gwaedlif <GWEID-liv> [ˡgwəɪdlɪv] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaedlifau <gweid-LII-vai, -e> [gwəɪdˡliˑvaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 haemorrhage
ETYMOLOGY: “blood-flow” (gwaed
= blood ) + soft mutation + ( llif = flow)
:_______________________________.
gwaedlyd <GWEID-lid> [ˡgwəɪdlɪd] (adj)
1 bloody
Y Nant Waedlyd Name of a brook in Caer-dydd
‘bloody brook / stream’
(nant = brook, stream) + soft mutation + (gwaedlyd = bloody)
Y Rhyd Waedlyd Name of a former ford in Caer-dydd
‘bloody ford’
(rhyd = ford) + soft mutation + (gwaedlyd
= bloody)
The second element however is unlikely to be gwaedlyd, and seems to have
replaced another word to make the names more picturesque.
John Hobson Matthews
(Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911):
“The great battle between the Welsh and Norman forces on Cardiff Heath
is supposed to have an echo in the names Nant Waedlyd (Bloody Brook) and Rhyd
Waedlyd (Bloody Ford) which still remain in that locality. The word Waedlyd
is there, however, commonly pronounced "Watla." ”
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaed = blood
) + (-lyd = adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwaed yr ael <gwaid ər AIL> [gwaɪd ər ˡaɪl] (adjective)
1 (North) covered in blood
:_______________________________.
gwael
<GWAIL> [gwaɪl] (adjective)
1
bad
2 collwr gwael bad loser, person who cannot accept defeat or loss
3
dod allan ohoni’n wael come out of
it badly
4
mewn cyflwr gwael in a serious
condition, very poorly, in a pretty bad way, in quite a bad state, in bad shape
(health) (mewn = in) + (cyflwr = condition, state) + (gwael = bad)
5
gwaelach waelach (“worse-worse”)
increasingly ill, worse and worse (in health)
:_______________________________.
*gwael <GWAIL> [gwaɪl] (m)
1
obsolete word for wolf, corresponding to Irish faol (= wolf).
It occurs in the compound gweilgi (= ocean, originally wolf)
ETYMOLOGY: gwael < British <
Celtic *wai-los ‘howler, animal
which howls’ < *wai- (= howl)
NOTE: gweilgi is literally “wolf dog” (*gwael = wolf) + soft mutation + (ci = dog); gweilgi [ˡgwəɪlgɪ] is a
respelling of gwaelgi [ˡgwəɪlgɪ]
:_______________________________.
gwaelbeth <GWEIL-beth> [ˡgwəɪlbɛθ] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaelbethau
<gweil-BEE-thai,
-e> [gwəɪlˡbeˑθaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 shoddy product, shoddy piece of work, bad
thing
ETYMOLOGY: “bad-thing” (gwael = bad) + soft mutation + (peth = thing )
:_______________________________.
gwaeledd <GWEI-ledh> [ˡgwƏɪlɛð] masculine noun
1 illness
Bu’n rhaid iddo roi gorau i’w gwaith oherwydd gwaeledd
He had to give up his job because of illness
ETYMOLOGY: (gwael = bad; ill) (-edd
suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwäell / gwaell <GWAA-elh, GWAILH> [ˡgwɑˑɛɬ, gwaɪɬ]
PLURAL: gwëyll, gweill, gweillion <GWEE-ilh, GWEILH, GWEILH-yon> [gweˑɪɬ, gwəɪɬ,
ˡgwəɪɬjɔn] (feminine
or masculine noun)
1
knitting needle
y wäell, y gwäell the knitting
needle
2 gwäell y ffêr / gweyllen y ffêr
Achilles tendon (“needle of the ankle”)
:_______________________________.
gwaelod,
gwaelodion <GWEI-lod,
gwei-LOD-yon> [ˡgwəɪlɔd,
gwəɪˡlodjɔn] (masculine
noun)
1
bottom
2 ar waelod <ar
WEI-lod> [ar ˡwəɪlɔd] (preposition) at the bottom of; at the end of
ar waelod y rhestr at the bottom of
the list
ar waelod yr ardd at the bottom of
the garden
3 cyrraedd
y gwaelod eitha’ un reach rock bottom, hit
rock bottom (“reach the extreme bottom”)
4 gwaelodion = sediment
(Morwriaeth) gwaelodion llong bilge;
bilge water; = filth which collects in the bottom of a boat (“sediment(s) (of)
ship”)
dŵr gwaelodion bilge water
:_______________________________.
Gwaelod-y-garth ‹GWEI-lod ə GARTH› [ˡgwəɪlɔd ə ˡgarθ]
1 village in Caer-dydd / Cardiff county (since
1996)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/87713 (“The
Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative
photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and
Ireland…”)
2 farm in Merthyrtudful
ETYMOLOGY: “(the)
bottom (of) Y Garth” (Y Garth is the name of a hill; garth = hill) (gwaelod =
bottom) + (y definite article) + (Garth = hill name)
:_______________________________.
gwaered ‹GWEI-red› [ˡgwəɪrɛd]
PLURAL: gwaeredydd <gwe-REE-didh
> [gwəɪˡreˑdɪð] (masculine
noun)
1
slope
Variants are gwared, (south-east) gwered
2 (Ceredigion) gwared steep slope
3 i wared downwards, downhill
NOTE: gwaered > gwared through the simplification of the diphthong ae
‹EI› [əɪ] > a ‹A› [a]
:_______________________________.
gwaetgar
<GWEIT-gar> [ˡgwəɪtgar] adjective
1
bloodthirsty
ETYMOLOGY: gwaetgar < gwáed-gar (gwaed = blood) + (-gar
suffix for forming adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru = to love)
:_______________________________.
gwaetgi <GWEIT-gi> [ˡgwəɪtgɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaetgwn
<GWEIT-gun> [ˡgwəɪtgʊn]
1 bloodhound = large dog with an acute sense of
smell used in tracking
Gwaetgwn Gwent (former) nickname for
the inhabitants of Gwent (“(the) bloodhounds (of) Gwent”)
ETYMOLOGY: “blood-dog” gwaetgi < gwaed-gi (gwaed = blood) + soft mutation + (ci = dog)
gwaetgi < gwaed-gi (gwaed = blood)
+ soft mutation + (ci = dog, hound)
:_______________________________.
gwaeth
<GWAITH> [gwaɪθ] (adjective)
1
worse
2 mewn gwaeth cyflwr in a worse state
Yr oedd y tŷ newydd ar y pryd mewn llawer gwaeth
cyflwr na’r hen dy
At the time the new house was in a far worse state then the old house
3 ni waeth... it does not matter...
ni waeth pa mor... no matter how... > waeth pa mor...
Waeth pa mor gyflym y rhedwch, ‘ddaliwch chi mohono No matter how fast
you run, you won’t catch him
y diwrnod hwnnw aethom i _____, wel, ni waeth i
ba le, i holi hanes y Cymry yno
That day we went to _______, well, it does
not matter to where, to ask about the Welsh people there
4
Po hynaf y dyn, gwaeth ei bwyll The
older a man is, the less sense he has; No fool like an old fool (“the older the
man, worse his reason” )
5 newid er gwaeth a change for the worse
newid er gwaeth to change for the worse
6
gwaethwaeth worse and worse
mynd yn waethwaeth get worse and
worse (gwaeth = worse) + soft
mutation + (gwaeth = worse )
:_______________________________.
gwaethaf (gwaetha) [ˡgwəɪθav, ˡgwəɪθa] (adjective)
1
worst (superlative of drwg = bad)
2 ar waethaf = in spite
of
ar eich gwaethaf in spite of
yourself
bod wedi eich denu at rywbeth ar eich
gwaetha be irresistibly attracted to something (“be after your attracting
towards something on your worst”)
3 cael y gwaethaf ohoni
come out of it badly
4 o’r math gwaethaf of
the worst sort
cnaf o’r math gwaethaf the worst of
rogues, a rogue of the first order
5
po hynaf y dyn, gwaethaf ei bwyll
> po hyna’r dyn, gwaetha’i bwyll
the older a man is, the less sense he has, no fool like an old fool (“the older
the man, worse his reason” )
:_______________________________.
gwaetha’r modd <gwei-thar MOODH> [ˡgwəɪθar moːð]
(adverb)
1
unfortunately
ETYMOLOGY: gwaetha’r modd < gwaethaf y modd “(it-is) worst the manner” (gwaethaf = worst, superlative
form of drwg = bad) + (y definite article) + (modd = manner, way, means)
_________________________.
gwaeth eich cyfarth na’ch brath <GWAITH əkh KƏ-varth nakh
BRAATH> [ˡgwaɪθ əx
ˡkƏvarθ nɑx ˡbrɑːθ]
1 your bark
is worse than your bite; a person’s angry words are worse than any action he
may do, a person can be very angry but he won’t really carry out any threats he
makes (she) gwaeth ei chyfarth na’i brath (he) gwaeth ei gyfarth na’i
frath
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaeth = worse) + (eich
= your) + (cyfarth = bark) + (na = than) + (eich) + (brath
= bark)
:_______________________________.
gwaeth-waeth
<gwaith-WAITH> [gwaɪθˡwaɪθ] adjective
1
worse and worse
mynd yn waeth-waeth get worse and
worse
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaeth = worse) + soft
mutation + (gwaeth = worse )
:_______________________________.
gwaethygu <gwei-THƏ-gi> [gwəɪˡθəgɪ] (verb)
1
get worse, deteriorate
:_______________________________.
gwag, gweigion <GWAAG, GWEIG-yon> [gwɑːg,
ˡgwəɪgjɔn]
(adjective)
1
empty
2 (chair, seat) free, vacant, empty,
unoccupied
Odi’r sedd ’ma’n wag? Is this seat free? Is this seat going free?Is
anybody sitting in this seat?
:_______________________________.
gwagbacio <gwag-BAK-yo> [gwagˡbakjɔ] verb
1 to vacuum-pack,
to vacuumize
wedi ei gwagbacio vacuum-packed
(with a feminine noun)
wedi ei wagbacio vacuum-packed (with
a masculine noun)
reis wedi ei wagbacio vacuum-packed rice
wedi eu gwagbacio vacuum-packed
(with a plural noun)
penwaig mwg wedi ei gwagbacio
vacuum-packed smoked herrings, vacuum-packed smoked kippers
ETYMOLOGY: (gwag = empty) + soft
mutation + (pacio = to pack)
:_______________________________.
gwahân <gwa-HAAN> [gwaˡhɑːn] (masculine
noun) (obsolete) (adverb) separation;
ar wahân = separately <ar-wa-HAAN> [ar
waˡhɑːn]
:_______________________________.
gwahanglaf
[gwaˡhaŋglaf] masculine noun
PLURAL gwahangleifion
<gwa-han-GLEIV-yon> [gwahaŋˡgləɪvjɔn]
1 leper = person with leprosy
ETYMOLOGY: (gwahan- = different,
separate ) + soft mutation + ( claf
= sick person)gwahanglwyf
<gwa-HAN-gluiv> [gwahaŋˡglʊɪv] masculine noun
1
(Elephantiasis graecorum) leprosy
2
(Bible) skin disease (references in the Bible are probably to various skin
ailments )
Lefiticus 13:49 Os gwyrddlas neu goch
fydd yr anafod yn y dilledyn, neu yn y croen, neu yn yr ystof, neu yn yr anwe,
neu mewn dim o groen; pla’r gwahanglwyf yw efe; a dangoser ef i’r offeiriad
Leviticus 13:49 And if the plague be greenish or reddish in the garment, or in
the skin, either in the warp or in the woof, or anything of skin; it is a
plague of leprosy and shall be showed unto the priest
ETYMOLOGY (gwahan- = different,
separate ) + soft mutation + ( clwyf
= wound)
:_______________________________.
gwahaniaeth,
gwahaniaethau [gwaˡhanjaɪθ, gwaˡhanjɛθ, gwahanˡjəɪθaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
difference
2
os nad oes
gwahaniaeth gennych chi if you don’t mind
“if there isn’t any difference with you” (os
= if) + (nad = no, not) + (oes = is) + (gwahaniaeth = difference) + (gennych
chi = with you)
:_______________________________.
gwahaniaethol
<gwa-han-YEI-thol> [gwahanˡjƏɪθɔl] adjective
1 distinctive, distinguishing,
differential
cyfradd wahaniaethol = differential
rate
toll wahaniaethol = differential
duty
2 discriminatory
anwahaniaethol nondiscriminatory
ETYMOLOGY: (gwahaniaeth = difference) + (-ol = suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwahaniaethu <gwa-han-YEI-thi> [gwahanˡjƏɪθɪ] (verb)
1 differentiate
2 discriminate
gwahaniaethu ar sail rhyw sexual
discrimination
:_______________________________.
gwahanol <gwa-HAA-nol> [gwaˡhɑˑnɔl] (adjective)
1 different
2 Maen nhw mor wahanol â mêl a menyn
They’re as different as chalk and cheese (“as different as honey and
butter”)
:_______________________________.
gwahardd <GWA-hardh> [ˡgwaharð] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaharddau, gwaharddon <gwa-HAR-dhau, -dhe, gwa-HAR-dhon> [ˡgwaharðaɪ,
-ɛ, gwaharðɔn]
NOTE:
South Wales gwardd
1 restriction, prohibition
bod gwahardd ar be prohibited (“be a
prohibition on”)
2 control
cadw gwardd ar to keep control of,
to control (e.g. children)
Does dim gwardd ar y plentyn The child has no discipline (“there is no
prohibition / control on the child”)
3 suspension = barring, exclusion
gwahardd aelod (parliament)
suspension of a member
4 Y Gwahardd The Prohibition,
the USA law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages in force from 1920 to
1933
5 cyfnod y Gwahardd Prohibition,
the Prohibition period = the period from when the sale of alcoholic beverages
was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional amendment
ETYMOLOGY: from the verb gwahardd =
to prohibit
:_______________________________.
gwahardd <GWA-hardh> [ˡgwaharð] verb
NOTE: South Wales gwardd
1 prohibit, disallow, forbid, ban
gwahardd rhywun i wneud rhywbeth
forbid somebody to do something
gwahardd rhywun rhag gwneud rhywbeth
forbid somebody to do something
gwaharddwyd ni rhag siarad amdani we
were forbidden to speak about it
2 gwahardd (rhywun) o’i waith dros
dro suspend (someone) from a job (“prohibit someone from his job
temporarily”)
gwahardd (rhywun) o’r brifysgol dros dro
rusticate = suspend temporarily from a college or university (“prohibit someone
from the university temporarily”)
3 gwahardd rhag gyrru suspend from driving
gwahardd rhag dreifio suspend from
driving
Fe’i gwaharddwyd rhag dreifio am bum
mlynedd
He was banned from driving for five years
4 gwaherddir ysmygu smoking
prohibited (“it-is-prohibited + smoking”)
5 cael eich gwahardd (football)
be banned = be suspended from playing in football matches
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
gwaharddeb
<gwa-HAR-dheb> [gwaˡharðɛb] feminine noun
PLURAL gwaharddebau
<gwa-har-DHEE-bai, -e> [gwaharˡðeˑbaɪ, -ɛ]
1 injunction = order issued by a court to prevent
somebody doing something
y gwaharddeb the injunction
ETYMOLOGY: (gwahardd- stem of gwahardd = to prohibit) + (-eb suffix, indicating some kind of
document)
:_______________________________.
gwaharddiad
<gwa-HARDH-yad> [gwaˡharðjad] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaharddiadau
<gwa-hardh-YAA-de> [gwaharðˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 prohibition, ban; veto, embargo; interdict
bod gwaharddiad ar be a ban on
Yn y cartref henoed mae gwaharddiad ar
siarad Cymráeg
In the old people’s home speaking Welsh is banned “there’s a prohibition on
speaking Welsh”
ETYMOLOGY: (gwahardd-, stem of gwaharddu = to prohibit) + (-iad, suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwaherddir <gwa-HER-dhir> [ˡgwahɛrðɪr]
1 it is prohibited
Gwaherddir ysmygu Smoking prohibited
Gwaherddir ei atgynhyrchu
Reproduction prohibited
ETYMOLOGY: present passive; (gwahardd-,
stem of gwahardd = to prohibit) + (-ir present passive termination). The i causes a change in the vowel in the
tonic syllable a > e
:_______________________________.
gwahodd
<GWAA-hodh> [ˡgwɑˑhɔð]
(verb)
1
to invite
:_______________________________.
gwahoddiad,
gwahoddiadau <gwa-HODH-yad,
gwa-hodh-YAA-dai, -e> [gwaˡhɔðjad,
gwahɔðˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
invitation
ETYMOLOGY: (gwahodd--, stem of gwahodd = to invite) + (-iad noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwain
<GWAIN> [gwaɪn] feminine noun
PLURAL gweiniau <GWEIN-yai, -ye> [ˡgwəɪnjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 sheath
y wain the sheath
2 scabbard = sheath for a sword
gwain addurniedig ynghlwm wrth ei wregys
a decorated sheath attached to his belt
3 Rho dy dwca yn ei gwain
Put a sock in it, Shut your trap, Shut up (“put your knife in its sheath”)
ffitio fel gwain am dwca
be a perfect fit, fit like a glove (“fit like a sheath round a knife”)
4 vagina
5 nut (of a screw)
6 Sometimes (usually in an English-language context) gwain is a misspelling of gwaun = heath, moor; moor field
E.g. “Pen-y-Wain Lane”, “Pen-y-Wain Road”, “Pen-y-Wain Place” in Caer-dydd,
named after the former Pen-y-waun farm
(“moor end”, “end of the moor field”). (Correctly: Lôn Pen-y-waun, Heol
Pen-y-waun, Maes Pen-y-waun)
7 gweinio sheathe = place
a knife in a sheath, a sword in a scabbard, etc (gwein- < gwain =
sheath) + (-io suffix for forming
verbs)
8 dadweinio unsheathe,
draw (dad- = negative prefix) + soft
mutation + (gweinio = sheathe)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwain < gwein < gwe-in < British < Latin vagîna
(= sheath, vagina)
From the same British root:
Cornish goen (= sheath, vagina),
Breton gouin (= sheath, vagina)
:_______________________________.
gwair, gweiriau <GWAIR, GWEIR-yai, -ye> [gwaɪr,
ˡgwəɪrjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 hay, grass
2 cae gwair hay meadow
3 lladd gwair <lhaadh GWAIR> [ɬɑːð ˡgwaɪr] cut hay,
cut grass
4 (Philaenus
spumarius) llyffant y gwair froghopper (“(the)
frog (of) the grass”)
:_______________________________.
gwair
1 obsolete element
meaning ‘turn’, ‘bend’, ‘circle’ found in a number of compound words in modern
Welsh
anniwair (= unchaste) < diwair
Caer-weir Durham, English city
situated in a bend of the river Wear. Origin: (caer =
fortress, + Gweir, older form of gwair)
cellwair (= a joke, to joke)
cyniwair (= to frequent, to
gather)
diwair (= chaste)
genwair (= fishing rod)
Gwerful (= woman’s name,
historically Gweirful)
mynwair (= torque, wreath,
horse collar)
ETYMOLOGY: gwair < gweir < British
:_______________________________.
..1 gwaith, gweithiau
<GWAITH, GWEITH-yai, -ye> [gwaɪθ,
ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -jɛ] (masculine noun)
1
work, activity
bod at eich clustiau mewn gwaith be up
to one’s eyes in work (“be to your ears in work”)
ymroddi eich holl egni i’r gwaith o (wneud rhywbeth) devote all one’s efforts to (doing something)
Does dim gwaith yn eich croen chi You’re workshy; You’re bone lazy
(“there’s no work in your skin”)
esgidiau gwaith work shoes
bod dan faich trwm o waith be snowed
under with work (“be under a heavy burden of work”)
torri cefn y gwaith break the back
of the work
2 work = an occupation for which you receive payment
cael gwaith hawdd get a cushy job
3 gweithgar
(adjective) diligent, industrious
gweithio (verb) to work
gweithiwr, gweithwyr (masculine noun) worker
4
works = factory
gwaith alcam tin mine, stannary, (also tinworks)
ardal gweithiau alcam stannery
(“district (of) tinworks”)
gwaith tùn tinworks
gwaith chwalu carthion sewage works,
sewage farm (“work / works (of) destroying excrements”)
5
works = mine
gwaith alcam <gwaith AL-kam> [gwaɪθ ˡalkam] tin mine, stannary, (also tinworks)
ardal gweithiau alcam stannery
(“district (of) tinworks”)
gwaith glo mine
gwaith glo brig (Englandic: opencast
mine) (USA: strip mine) (“mine (of) outcrop coal”)
6 Gwaith Coed <gwaith KOID> [gwaɪθ ˡkɔɪd]
(school subject) woodwork
Gwaith Metel
(school
subject) metalwork
7
gwaith dosbarth
class
work, work done in class in a school
8 difficult task
Fe gaiff e waith dal i fyny He’ll
have a bit of a job to catch up
Cythraul o waith yw e It’s a devil of a job, It’s one devil of a job (“(it-is”) (a) devil
of (a) job that-is it”)
9 Eitha
gwaith iti! Tough shit, hard cheese, hard lines, hard luck (“extreme + work
+ to you”)
10 as a second element in a compound word: (= work, deed, action;
product)
..a/ anfadwaith atrocity, evil deed,
foul play, crime (anfad = atrocious
) + soft mutation + ( gwaith = act,
work )
..b/ erchyllwaith atrocity,
atrocities (erchyll- < erchyll =
horrible ) + soft mutation + ( gwaith
= act)
..c/ crochenwaith (see below)
..d/ gleinwaith (see below)
..e/ metelwaith metalwork, object or
objects made of metal
..f/ rhwydwaith network (a literal translation of the English word (net + work)
..g/ trymwaith toil, hard work (trym- penult-syllable form of trwm = ) + soft mutation + (gwaith = work)
11
work = objects, craftwork; in compound nouns
crochenwaith pottery
gleinwaith beadwork (glein-, penult syllable form of glain = bead) + soft mutation + (gwaith = work)
12 (sign)
“Gwaith ar y Ffordd”
(phrase)
(roadworks, road up) (“work on the road”)
13 ar fy ngwaith yn... (phrasal
conjunction) (“during my action ...-ing”) as, during the time that
ar dy waith as you... / ar ei waith as he... / ar ei gwaith as she... / ar ein gwaith as we... / ar eich gwaith as you... / ar eu gwaith as they...
ar fy ngwaith yn myned i siop
gyfferiau Morddal as I was
going into Morddal’s drugstore
14 “activity” (in speaking of the time taken to go a specified distance)
Bu rhaid cerdded i fyny’r allt bob bore, gwaith rhyw ddeg munud.
We had to walk up the hill every morning, which took about ten minutes (“an
activity (f) some ten minutes”)
:_______________________________.
..2 gwaith, gweithiau <GWAITH, GWEITH-yai, -ye> [gwaɪθ, ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -jɛ] (feminine noun)
1 time, occasion
bod
bumgwaith gymaint â be five
times the size of
unwaith once
dwywaith / ddwywaith twice
teirgwaith / deirgwaith three times
pedair gwaith / bedair gwaith four times
pumgwaith / bumgwaith five times
sawl gwaith (adverbial) many a time
sawl gwaith? (adverbial) how many times?
faint o weithiau? (adverbial) how many times?
ambell waith sometimes
:_______________________________.
gwaith cartref
(“cartre”) <gwaith KAR-trev, KAR-tre> [ˡgwaɪθ ˡkartrɛv, ˡkartrɛ] masculine noun
1 homework = school exercises for preparing at
home;
Gwna dy waith cartre! Do your
homework!
2 homework = preparatory work for a meeting, speech, interview, etc
ETYMOLOGY: “work (of) home”, translation of English homework
:_______________________________.
gwaith
dosbarth <gwaith DO-sparth> [ˡgwaɪθ ˡdɔsparθ]
1 class work, work done in class in a school
:_______________________________.
gwaith dur <gwaith-DIIR> [ˡgwaɪθ ˡdiːr]masculine noun
PLURAL gweithiau
dur <GWEITH-yai, -ye DIIR> [ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -jɛ ˡdiːr]
1 steelworks, steel mill
ETYMOLOGY: (“work (of) steel”) (gwaith
= work, works, factory) + (dur =
steel)
:_______________________________.
gwaith ffordd masculine noun
NOTE: Also gwaith ar ffordd (“work
on road”)
1 road works = the repairing of a road surface, or the installing or
maintenance of pipes or cables under the road
2 (sign) “Gwaith ar y Ffordd”
<gwaith ar ə FORDH> [ˡgwaɪθ ar ə ˡfɔrð] (roadworks, road up) (“work on the
road”)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaith = work) + (ffordd = road)
:_______________________________.
gwaith glo
masculine noun
PLURAL gweithiau
glo <GWEITH-ye-GLO> [ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -ɛ ˡgloː]
1 coal mine, coal
pit (“work (of) coal”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“work (of) coal”) (gwaith
= work, works, factory) + (glo =
coal)
:_______________________________.
gwaith glo brig
<gwaith
gloo BRIIG> [ˡgwaɪθ gloː ˡbriːg]masculine noun
PLURAL gweithiau
glo brig <GWEITH-yai, -ye gloo BRIIG> [ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -jɛ gloː
ˡbriːg]
1 (USA: strip mine)
(Englandic: opencast workings, opencast pit)
ETYMOLOGY: (“work (of) coal (of) top”) (gwaith
= work, works, factory) + (glo brig
= surface coal)
:_______________________________.
gwal / wal, gwaliau / waliau <GWAL / WAL, GWAL-yai,
-ye, WAL-yai, -ye>
[gwal, wal;
ˡgwaljaɪ, -ɛ, ˡwaljaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
wall
y wal the wall
:_______________________________.
gwâl, gwalau <GWAAL, GWAA-le> [ˡgwɑːl,
gwɑˑlaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
den, lair, kennel
y wâl the den, the lair
gwâl ysgyfarnog hare's form, the bed
of a hare shaped by its body
Gwâl y Filiast (qv) “the greyhound
bitch’s lair / den / kennel” (name given to various burial chambers)
Gwâl-yr-hwch (qv)
gwâl blaidd a wolf’s den
2 cipio cneuen o wâl y blaidd beard (= oppose) the lion in his den;
confront someone (“take (a) hazelnut (from) (the) den (of ) the wolf”)
:_______________________________.
gwalch, gweilch <GWALKH, GWEILKH> [gwalx, gwəɪlx] (masculine noun)
1
hawk
2
scoundrel
Daeth rhyw walch i
wybod y peth, a thynnodd un o’r ffwrwmau i ffwrdd
Some scoundrel got to hear about the thing, and he moved one of the benches
away
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_testunau/sion_prys_024_taith_americanaidd_1843_0961k.htm
Taith Americanaidd 1843
:_______________________________.
Gwalchmai <GWALKH-mai> n [ˡgwalxmaɪ] (feminine noun)
1 SH3976 Village in the county of
Môn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=338856
:_______________________________.
Gwalchmai <GWALKH-mai> n [ˡgwalxmaɪ] masculine noun
1 Bardic name of Richard Parry
(1803-1897), poet, born in Llannerch-y-medd (county of Ynys Môn), a descendant
on his mother’s side of the poet Gwalchmai ab Meilir, of Drefeilir, from whom
he took his bardic name
See Hen Arweinwyr Eisteddfodau / Daniel Williams / Llyfrau Pawb 12 / 1944
:_______________________________.
gwalch y penwaig
<GWALKH
ə PEN-waig> [ˡgwalx ə ˡpɛnwaɪg] masculine noun
PLURAL gweilch y
penwaig <GWEILKH ə PEN-waig> [ˡgwəɪlx ə ˡpɛnwaɪg]
1 (Alca torda) =
razorbill
Standard name: llurs
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) falcon (of) the herrings” (gwalch = falcon) + (y
definite article) + (penwaig, plural
of pennog = herring)
:_______________________________.
gwalch y pysgod
[ˡgwalx ə
ˡpəskɔd]
masculine noun
PLURAL gweilch y
pysgod [ˡgwəɪlx ə ˡpəskɔd]
1 Pandion haliaetus osprey
Nid oes gan walch y
pysgod unrhyw elyn naturiol
The osprey has no natural enemy
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hawk (of)
the fish” (gwalch = hawk) + (y
definite article) + (pysgod = fish)
:_______________________________.
gwaled,
gwaledi <GWAA-led, gwa-LEE-di> [ˡgwɑˑlɛd, gwaˡleˑdɪ] (feminine noun)
1 wallet
y waled the wallet
Nowadays usually waled (qv)
:_______________________________.
gwall, gwallau
<GWALH, GWA-lhai -lhe> [gwaɬ, ˡgwaɬaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 error, mistake
bod yn llawn
gwallau be full of errors
bod yn llawn
gwallau iaith be full of errors of language
:_______________________________.
gwallgof (gwallgo’) <GWALH-gov, GWALH-go> [ˡgwaɬgɔv, ˡgwaɬgɔ] (adjective)
1 mad = insane
bod yn ynfyd wallgo’ be furious, be
hopping mad
mynd yn ynfyd wallgo’ get furious
(“go insane mad”)
:_______________________________.
gwallgofrwydd <gwalh-GOV-ruidh> [gwaɬˡgɔvrʊɪð] masculine noun
1 madness, lunacy
pwl o wallgofrwydd fit of madness,
attack of madness, moment of madness
Dywedir fod y ffin rhwng athrylith a gwallgofrwydd yn denau iawn
It is said that the line
(“border”) between genius and madness is very thin
ETYMOLOGY: (gwallgof = mad) + (-rwydd suffix for forming abstract
nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwallt,
gwalltiau <GWALHT,
GWALHT-ye> [ˡgwaɬt, gwaɬtjaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 hair; head of hair
2 cael gwneud eich gwallt have a
hair-do (“get (the) doing (of) your hair”)
cael trin eich gwallt have a hair-do
(“get (the) treating (of) your hair”)
cael torri eich gwallt have a
haircut / hair-do (“get (the) cutting (of) your hair”)
3 Mae ei wallt yn donnau His
hair is wavy (“his hair is (in the form of) waves”)
4 eurwallt golden hair (eur-
penutimate-syllable form of aur =
gold) + soft mutation + (gwallt =
hair)
:_______________________________.
Gwallter
<GWALH-ter> [ˡgwaɬtɛr] (masculine
noun)
1 Walter
:_______________________________.
gwallus <GWA-lhis> [ˡgwaɬɪs] (adjective)
1 full of mistakes
:_______________________________.
Gwâl y Filiast
<GWAAL ə VIL-yast> [gwɑːl
ə ˡvɪljast]
1 Gwâl y Filiast SN1725 Burial Chamber in 1.5km
south-west of Llanglydwen, county of Caerfyrddin
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN1725
2 Gwâl y Filiast ST2484 standing stone by Llanfihangel y Fedw (county
of Casnewydd). (A letter in the Western Mail 23 August 1933 from Bromley Edmunds,
Pen-rhos, Nantgarw states that this was the original name of ‘Druidstone’ on
today’s maps of this area – there is a Druidstone Road ST2484 and a Druidstone
House ST2484)
The Welsh names would be Heol Gwâl y Filiast (Druidstone Road), and Gwâlyfiliast
(Druidstone House)
3 Gwâl y Filiast ST0973 Also known
as Maes y Filiast “(the) field (of) the greyhound bitch”, Llech y
Fliast “(the) slab (of) the greyhound bitch”, Castell Carreg “stone castle”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/959459
4 Gwâl y Filiast SN4513 Llangyndeyrn
A History of Carmarthenshire, Sir John E Lloyd (Editor). (2 volumes, Cardiff,
1935, 1939). Published by the London Carmarthenshire Society: “The name
Twlc-y-filiast is frequently applied to a dolmen in South Wales (Gwal-y-filiast
occurs again as the name of a ruined dolmen in the parish of Llangyndeyrn)”
5 Gwâl y Filiast ST1072 burial chamber between Y Dyffryn and
Llwynelyddon / St Lythans
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/3238
(delw 7100)
ETYMOLOGY: “the greyhound bitch’s lair / den / kennel” (gwâl = lair / kennel) + (y
= definite article, ‘the’) + soft mutation + (miliast = female greyhound)
:_______________________________.
Gwâlyfiliast
<GWAAL ə VIL-yast> [gwɑːl
ə ˡvɪljast]
1 (A letter in the Western Mail 23 August 1933 from Bromley Edmunds,
Pen-rhos, Nantgarw states that a small farm at Rhydfelen ST0988, Pont-ty-pridd
(county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) was known by this name). (As a farm name it would
be spelt as one word - Gwâlyfiliast)
ETYMOLOGY: Same as Gwâl y Filiast above. As a farm name it would be spelt as
one word – Gwâlyfiliast
:_______________________________.
Gwâl-yr-hwch
<GWAAL ə VIL-yast> [gwɑːl
ər ˡhuːx]
1 SN5807 farm in
Llanedi (county of Caerfyrddin)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=186736
map
ETYMOLOGY: “the wild boar’s lair / den / kennel” (gwâl = lair / den / kennel) + (yr
= definite article, ‘the’) + soft mutation + (hwch = earlier Welsh: pig, wild boar; modern Welsh: sow)
:_______________________________.
gwan <GWAN> [gwan] adjective
PLURAL gweinion <GWEIN-yon> [ˡgwəɪnjɔn] ; as a noun:
PLURAL gweiniaid <GWEIN-yaid -yed> [ˡgwəɪnjaɪd, -jɛd]
1 weak, feeble = lacking physical strength
Y mae'r Gymraeg yn wannach na'r Saesneg hyd yn oed yn ei chadarnleoedd erbyn
hyn
The Welsh language is weaker than
English even in its strongholds by now
2 weak = feeble through
sickness or old age
Y mae’n wan, yn wan ofnadwy... Efallai na bydd hi byw tan y nos, medd y doctor
She’s weak, terribly weak – she might not last until the evening, the
doctor says
Ma Tomos wedi mynd mor wan Tomos has become really weak
henwan feeble through old age
3 chwerthin nes eich bod yn wan laugh
until you can laugh no more (“laugh until you are weak”)
(South Wales) hala (rhywun) yn wan drive (somebody) up the wall
4 (voice)
weak = faint, lacking volume
mewn llais gwan in a weak voice
5 weak = (from illness) feeble, lacking in physical strength or bodily
vigour
6 weak = lacking firmness,
stability; (structure) weak = lacking strength, liable to collapse if subjected
to too much strain or weight
pont wan weak bridge
7 weak = lacking power
8 weak = lacking in desirable ingredients, flavour; (drink) diluted
te gwan = weak tea
9 weak = not strong, liable to break, collapse
10 weak, feeble = (excuse) not convincing, lacking soundness
11 weak = (light) lacking intensity, faint, dim
Roedd y golau yn rhy wan i gael llun da
o’r garreg fedd
The light was too dim to get a good picture of the gravestone
12 (sun), weak, faint, not giving bright light
Haul gwyn gwan, glaw yn y man
(saying) “A white weak sun, rain soon”
13 ar foment wan in a moment of
weakness
Ar foment wan fe gytunodd i roi tro arni
In a moment of weakness he agreed to give it a try
15 weak = lacking authority
16 weak = lacking political power
17 weak = ineffectual
18 weak = (stomach) digesting food with difficulty
19 weak = (person) lacking resolution, courage, determination, willpower
20 weak = easily tempted
21 weak = not enthusiastic, not fervent
22 weak = lacking quality
23 soft-headed
Y ffŵl gwan ag ef! the daft
fool! (“the weak fool with him”)
South Wales hala (rhywun) yn wan drive (somebody) up the wall
Also: penwan = soft-headed, foolish
(pen = head) + soft mutation + (gwan = weak)
24 (eyes) weak
25 (knowledge) weak, not well-versed
26 (faith) weak
27 (argument) weak
28 (medicine) weak, ineffective
29 (colour) faint, pale
Pa liw sy orau gen ti ar gyfer y wal? Gwyrdd gwan, neu las?
What colour do you prefer for the wall? Pale green or blue?
30 (hope) faint
31 (noun) y gweiniaid the weak
(taste) weak
cyri gwan a weak curry
32 comparisons:
mor wan â blewyn “as weak as a blade
(of grass)”
mor wanned ag ewyn dwr “as weak as
foam (on) water”
mor wanned â phabwyren “as weak as
(the) wick (of a candle)”
mor wanned â mwg “as weak as smoke”
33 henwan feeble through old age
(hen = old) + soft mutation + (gwan = weak)
34 y rhyw wannaf (= women) the
weaker sex (“the weakest sex”)
35 (mind) weak, feeble, lacking in
understanding, unable to reason, soft-headed
ceffyl bach oedd pob ci yn ol ei meddwl gwan hi
every dog was a little horse according to her weak mind
Y ffwl gwan ag ef! the daft fool! (“the weak fool with him”)
36 epithet in Middle Welsh:
Ieuan Wan (“weak John”)
37 1 trechaf treisied, gwannaf gwaedded “let (the) strongest oppress,
let (the) weakest shout” survival of the fittest, might is right
38 Haul gwyn gwan, Glaw yn y man weak white sun, rain soon
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwan < British
< Celtic *wann-
From the same British root: Cornish gwann
(= weak), Breton gwann (= weak)
From the same Celtic root: Irish fann
(= weak);
Cf English wench (= young woman)
(archaic, but used facetiously in modern English)
< Old English wenchel, wencel (= child), < wancol (= weak)
:_______________________________.
gwân <GWAAN> [gwɑːn]
(v)
1 ei gwân hi run off, run away
See gwanu
:_______________________________.
gwan
2 <gwan > [gwan] (m)
PLURAL gweiniaid <GWEIN-yaid, -ed> [ˡgwəɪnjaɪd,
-ɛd]
1 weak person, weakling
2 little child
y gwan bach the helpless little
creature
:_______________________________.
gwân <GWAAN> [gwɑːn]
(v)
See: gwahân
:_______________________________.
gwan eich
siôl <GWAAN əkh
SHOOL> [ˡgwɑːn
əx ˡʃoˑl]
1 (south-west) weak in the head
Transactions of the Carmarthenshire
Antiquarian Society. Dimetian Dialect Part 4; M H Jones April 20 1906 gwan
ei shol (weak as to his head)
:_______________________________.
gwan o
galon <gwan o GA-lon> [gwan ɔ
ˡgalɔn] (adj)
1 faint-hearted, scared, pusillanimous
:_______________________________.
gwana' <GWAA-na> [ˡgwɑˑna]
1 See: gwanaf
:_______________________________.
gwanaco <gwa-NA-ko> [gwaˡnakɔ] (m)
PLURAL gwanacod <gwa-NA-koz> [gwaˡnakɔz] (Patagonian Welsh)
1 guanaco
:_______________________________.
gwanaf, gwanafau
/ gwaneifiau <GWAA-nav, gwa-NAA-fai, –e, gwa-NEIV-yai, -ye> [ˡgwɑˑnav, gwaˡnɑˑfaɪ,
-ɛ, gwaˡnəɪfjaɪ, -ɛ ] (feminine noun)
1 (haymaking) windrow, a row of
raked sun-dried grass, swath of cut grass
y wanaf the swath
y gwanafau gwair the rows of grass
2 space between the ropes securing the thatch of a haystack
3 measure
I lawer, y gair am ystod o wair yw gwana(f), ond defnyddid ef hefyd fel term
mesur. Pan fyddai dynion yn dod i'r fferm i ffustio byddent yn mesur y das, gan
ddefnyddio pen cribyn fel pen mesur. Gwana' oedd hyd un pen cribyn. Clywyd am un das oedd yn bedwar ar
higian o weneifia o hyd.
To many, gwana(f) is the word for a rown of grass but it was used too as
a term for measuring. When men would come to the farm to flail they would
measure the stack, using the top of a stack as a measure. A gwana' was
the length of the top of a stack. I heard of one stack that was twenty four
‘gwanavs’ long.
4 (thatched roof) vertical strip, the space either side of a ladder within
reach of a thatcher
_______________________.
gwanafu <gwa-NAA-vi> [gwaˡnɑˑvɪ] (verb)
1 (of grass which has been cut,
after drying in the sun) to rake (the dried grass) into rows, put in
swathes, lay out in rows (corn at harvest)
2 Ceredigion ei gwanafu-hi, ei
gwanaf-hi make off, run off
_______________________.
gwanas, gwanasau
<GWAA–nas, gwa-NA-sai, -e> [ˡgwɑˑnas, gwaˡnasaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 promontory (obsolete; found in
place names)
y wanas the promontory
2 peg, nail, hook (eg for harness in stable)
3 prop, stay, support
:_______________________________.
gwanc <GWANGK
> [gwaŋk] (m)
1 greed
2 greed for money
gwanc am arian greed for money
3 gluttony, greediness
4 appetite, craving
Mae gwanc yn 'yn stumog-i
Doctor Iŵ-Hŵ Eic Davies 1966, tudalen 9
My stomach's crying out for food
y gwanc am ddifyrrwch diddiwedd
the craving for non-stop entertainment
5 gwangen (Alosa fallax ) twaite shad
< *gwancen (“the greedy one”) (gwanc
= greed) + (-en suffix to make a
noun from an adjective)
6 gwenci weasel = animal with
reddish-brown fur, elongated body and neck, short legs: especially (Mustela
nivalis) = European weasel
< *gwenc-gi (“greed-dog”, greedy dog) (gwanc = greed ) + soft mutation + (ci = dog)
In South Wales, there are the following variants:
..a/ wenci
..b/ weinci
..c/ winci
:_______________________________.
gwancio <GWANG-yo> [ˡgwaŋkjɔ]
1 gorge, eat greedily
2 long for (something) intensely
3 long (to do something), itch (to do something)
Wn i ddim beth 'wnaeth imi ddechrau bidio am y gist. Efallai am imi weld nad
oedd neb arall yn gwancio i’w wneud.
I don’t know why I started bidding for the chest. Maybe because I saw that
nobody else was prepared to do so
4 lust after
ETYMOLOGY: (gwanc = greed) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwancus <GWANG-kis> [ˡgwaŋkɪs] (adj)
1 greedy,
voracious, gluttonous = having an excessive desire for (food, etc)
2 ravenous
3 comparison;
mor wancus â winci “as greedy as a weasel”
:_______________________________.
gwanddu <GWAN-dhi> [ˡgwanðɪ]
1 South Wales = gwadnu
(qv)
:_______________________________.
gwaneg <GWAA-neg> [ˡgwɑˑnɛg]
PLURAL gwanegau <gwa-NEE-gai, -e> [gwaˡneˑgaɪ, -ɛ]
1 roller = wave
:_______________________________.
gwangalon <gwan-GA-lon> [gwaŋˡgalɔn]
(adj)
1 faint-hearted, scared, pusillanimous
:_______________________________.
gwangaloni <gwan-ga- lo -ni> [gwaŋgaˡlɔnɪ]
(vi)
1 lose heart, become discouraged
llwyddo i gadw ffydd heb wangaloni
succeed in keeping your faith without becoming discouraged
:_______________________________.
gwangen
<GWAng-gen> [ˡgwaŋgɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL gwangod
<GWAng-god> [ˡgwaŋgɔd]
1 (Alosa fallax ) twaite shad
2 (South-west Wales) gwengyn , gwencyn (Salmo
trutta ) sea trout
sewin, sea trout
See gwangen
ETYMOLOGY: < *gwancen (“the
greedy one”) < (gwanc = greed) +
(-en suffix to make a noun from an
adjective)
:_______________________________.
gwangod
<GWANG-od> [ˡgwaŋɔd]
1 plural form of gwangen or gwengyn (Alosa fallax ) twaite shad
:_______________________________.
gwanhâd <gwan-HAAD> [gwanˡhɑːd] (m)
1 weakening
ETYMOLOGY: (gwanchá, stem of the verb gwanháu = to
weaken) + (-ad noun suffix) > gwanhá-ad > gwanhâd
:_______________________________.
gwanháol <gwan-HAA-ol> [gwanˡhɑˑɔl] (adj)
1 debilitating
ETYMOLOGY: (gwanchá, stem of the verb gwanháu = to
weaken) + (-ol adjectival suffix) > gwanhá-ol > gwanhaol
:_______________________________.
gwanháu <gwan-HAI> [gwanˡhaɪ]
1 (verb with an object) weaken, debilitate, enfeeble, attenuate
2 (vi) grow weak, lose strength
Yr oedd fy hyder yn gwanhau drachefn
My confidence was weakening again
ETYMOLOGY: (gwan = weak) + (-háu suffix for forming verbs from
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwanieth <GWAN-yeth> [ˡgwanjɛθ] (m)
1 Southern colloquial
for gwahaniaeth (= difference)
ETYMOLOGY: gwahaniaeth (= difference) > gwahanieth
(ae > e in the final syllable) > gwa’anieth (loss of the h)
> gwanieth
:_______________________________.
gwanio <GWAN-yo> [ˡgwanjɔ]
(North Wales)
1 grow weak, flag
Ond ôl rhedeg ugain milltir dyma fi’n dechrau gwanio
But after running twenty miles I began to flag
2 (language) lose ground (to another language)
Caewyd ugain o gapeli dros y ddegawd honno wrth i'r Gymráeg wanio yn yr
ardal
Over twenty chapels closed over that decade as the Welsh language lost ground
in the area
ETYMOLOGY: (gwan = weak) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwanllyd <GWAN-lhid> [ˡgwanɬɪd] (adj)
1 (health) feeble, sickly, delicate, poor
Gresyn gweld yr hen of mor wanllyd ei iechyd yn ddiweddar
It was a great pity
to see the old smith in such poor health recently
2 feeble, weak
sŵn bach gwanllyd a faint weak sound
ETYMOLOGY: (gwan = weak) + (-llyd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwannaidd <GWAN-aidh,
-edh> [ˡgwanaɪð] (adj)
1 feeble, week
Daeth yr haul i'r golwg yn wannaidd o ganol y cymylau
The sun came out feebly from amidst the clouds
gwyn gwannaidd y cynfas gwely the feeble white colour of the bedsheet
ETYMOLOGY: (gwann- < gwan = weak) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwannyd <GWA-nid> [ˡgwanɪd]
collective noun
1 (South Wales)
inferior grain
2 There is a street in Ystalyfera (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
called “Pant Y Gwanyd Road” which apparently is this same word
(2009-04-06 I have no earlier examples of this name at present to confirm it)
It would be Heol Pantygwannyd in
Welsh, (“(the) hollow (of) the inferior grain”)
ETYMOLOGY: “weak corn” (gwann-,
tonic syllable form of gwan = weak)
+ (yd = corn)
NOTE: In Godre Ceredigion (the southern part of the county of Ceredigion) the a > e due to the influence of the y <i>
[ˡɪ] in the fianl syllable: gwennyd.
This in fact was the normal development in such cases in earlier Welsh (tramp / trempyn = a tramp, etc.)
:_______________________________.
gwannus <GWA-nis> [ˡgwanɪs]
collective noun
1 light chaff
ETYMOLOGY: “weak chaff” (gwann-,
tonic syllable form of gwan = weak)
+ (us = chaff)
:_______________________________.
gwanstrio <GWAN-stryo> [ˡgwanstrɪɔ]
(v)
1 waver, vacillate, hesitate
In the county of Môn as wanstro <WAN-stro> [ˡwanstrɔ]
:_______________________________.
gwantan <GWAN-tan> [ˡgwantan] (adj)
1 fickle
2 (health) poorly, weak
yr oedd golwg wantan arni She looked poorly (“there was a poorly look on
her”)
3 of poor quality, valueless
chwaraewyr gwantan sydd ag ofn eu cysgod ydyn nhw bob
un
they’re poor players afraid of their own shadow, every single one of them
y rhigymau gwantan sy'n pasio fel emynau modern
the valueless rhymes that pass for modern hymns
4 debilitated, powerless
cyngor gwantan a diddylanwad a weak council lacking in influence
5 (weather) changeable
6 lascivious
ETYMOLOGY: English wanton (now wón-tən, but in earlier
English wán-tən)
NOTE: Also gwantam (n > m).
Cf dinan (= little fort) > dinam in place names
:_______________________________.
[gwâ-ni](
gwanu <GWAA-ni> [ˡgwɑˑnɪ] (v)
1 (verb with an object) pierce, stab, prick
gwanu (rhywun) â chleddyf run a sword through someone
poen anioddefol fel pe bai rhywun wedi fy ngwanu yn fy mhen-ôl
an unbearable pain as if somebody had stabbed me in the buttocks
2 (verb with an object) poke, push, stick
wastod yn gwân 'i phen i genol pethach always sticking her head into
things
3 (verb with an object) poke = copulate
4 (vi) ei gwân hi, ei gwanu hi (South Wales) dash off, hurry off
Bu rhaid iddo ei gwanu hi gartref gynted ag y galle fe
He had to dash off home as quick as he could
ETYMOLOGY:
gwanu (gwân- < British < Celtic *wan-) + (-u verb suffix)
From the same British root: Cornish gwana
From the same Common Celtic root: Irish goin (= stab, sting)
:_______________________________.
gwanwan
<GWAN-wan> [ˡgwanwan]
adj)
1 very weak, very feeble
Arthur. - Mae'n debyg eich bod wedi cael
gafael ar rai o hen resymau gwanwan ac ynfyd Cymdeithas Heddwch. Pe byddai i ni
gario allan eu hegwyddorion hwy, fe fyddai genym fyd hynod mewn ychydig amser! Llyfr Dadleuol t41
Arthur. – It seems that you’ve got hold of some of the idiotic and
extrememely reasons of the Peace Association. If we carrried out their
principles, in a short space of time the world would be in a real mess (“we’d
have a remarkable world”)
ETYMOLOGY: “weak weak” (gwan = weak) + soft mutation + (gwan = weak)
:_______________________________.
ɪ
gwanwyn <GWAN-uin> [ˡgwanʊɪn] (masculine noun)
PLURAL gwanwynau <gwan-UI-nai, -e> [gwanˡʊɪnaɪ, -ɛ]
1
spring = (northern hemisphere) season between winter and summer,
progressively warmer, from the vernal equinox to the summer solstice
spring = (southern
hemisphere) season between winter and summer, progressively colder, from the
vernal equinox to the winter solstice (and hence in the Welsh settlement in
Patagonia)
melyn y gwanwyn (“yellow (flower) (of) the spring”)
An alternative name for llygad Ebrill (“eye (of) April”)
Ranunculus ficaria Lesser
celandine
yn y gwanwyn
in the spring
bob gwanwyn every
spring
2 pen ci ar fore o wanwyn said of unsettled
weather in the morning which gives way to fair weather by the evening;
("head (of) dog on (a) morning (of) Spring")
3 gafr wanwyn ‹GAA-var WAN-uin› [ˡgɑˑvar ˡ gwanʊɪn], geifr wanwyn ‹GEI-vir GWAN-win› [ˡgəɪvɪr ˡgwanʊɪn] (“goat of
spring”), an alternative name for the troellwr mawr (Caprimulgus
europaeus) nightjar
(South Wales) fel gafr wanwyn (said of a constant moaner) (“like a nightjar”)
bod fel gafar wanwyn be a real moaner
(delw 7082)
3 spring = the months of February, March, April, to mid-May
4 spring = the months of March, April, May (USA)
5 spring = the beginning of warmer weather, the appearance of buds and shoots,
the growth of plants
dydd o wanwyn a spring day
Mae hi'n gwneud gwanwyn cynnar Spring has come early
6 spring = a period like spring, early part of a period, the first stage, the
freshest period
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwan|n
< gwann|n
< gwae|ann|n
< British *wesant-ên-o-
From the same British root: Cornish GWAINTEN < GWAINTOIN
Related Indo-European words:
Scottish Gaelic Earrach (= spring)
Sanskrit vasantah (= spring), Hindustani basant (= spring),
Punjabi basant (= spring),
Latin vêr (=
spring) > vernus (relating to spring) > vernalis (relating
to spring, vernal);
Late Latin prima vera (“first spring”) > Italian /
Occitan / Catalan / Castilian primavera
Greek ear (=
spring)
Russian vesna (= spring)
Old Norse var (= spring), Norwegian vår (= spring)
Proto-Indo-European root *wesr
NOTE: South Wales gwanwn <GWAA-nun> [ˡgwɑˑnʊn];
(county of Powys [Maldwyn] gweinwyn <GWEIN-win> [ˡgwəinwɪn]; , gweiniwn <GWEIN-yun> [ˡgwəinjʊn];
:_______________________________.
gwanwynol <gwan-UI-nol> [gwanˡʊɪnɔl] (adj)
1 springtime, spring-like, in spring
Clywid rhyw ysgafnder gwanwynol yn yr awel A spring-like lightness was
to be felt in the breeze
ETYMOLOGY: (gwanwyn = spring) +
(-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwanychdod <gwa-NƏKH-dod> [gwanˡəxdɔd]
1 lingering illness
bod gwanychdod ar have a lingering
illness
ETYMOLOGY: (gwanwych-, stem of the verb
gwanychu = to grow weak) + (-dod suffix
for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwanychiad <gwa-NƏKH-yad> [gwanˡəxjad]
1 enfeeblement
ETYMOLOGY: (gwanwych-, stem of the verb
gwanychu = to grow weak) + (-i-ad suffix
for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwanychu <gwa-NƏ-khi> [gwanˡəxɪ] (v)
1 (vi) grow weak
Mae haen o Gymreictod o hyd yn Lerpwl, er
ei fod yn graddol wanychu
There’s still a layer of Welshness in Liverpool, though it is gradually
weakening
2 (vi) falter, lose enthusiasm,
Dal ati - paid gwanychu yn awr y frwydr fawr
Stick at it – don’t falter in the hour of the
great battle
3 (verb with an object) make weak
4 emasculate
ETYMOLOGY: (gwan = weak) + (-ych-u)
:_______________________________.
gwapro <GWA-pro> [ˡgwaprɔ]
1 See: gwobri (= to award a prize)
:_______________________________.
*gwar
1
(1) Old Welsh preposition (= on, over).
(2) Later it became war (that is, the soft-mutated form gwar > ghwar > war)
(3) It then became ar through confusion
with an existing preposition ar (=
in front of).
(4) Most senses of modern Welsh ar
derive from *gwar (= on, over)
rather than ar (= in front of)
2 as a prefix, gwar (=
over-, super-) (1) became gwor-,
which has given modern Welsh gor;
...(a) goryfed (= to drink too much)
gor + (yfed = to drink)
...(b) goryrru (= to drive too fast)
gor + soft mutation + (gyrru = to drive) (2) but the prefix gwar- survives in some verbs
...(a) gwaradwyddo (= to rebuke)
gwar + (adwydd = sharp, cruel)
...(b) gwrando (historically
“gwarando”) (= to listen),
...(c) gwarchae (= to besiege) gwar + aspirate mutation + (cae = to close, to enclose)
...(d) gwarchod (= to look
after) gwar + aspirate mutation + (cadw = to keep)
NOTE: See gor-
:_______________________________.
gwar <GWAR> [gwar] (f)
PLURAL gwarrau <GWA-rai,
-e> [ˡgwaraɪ, -ɛ]
1 nape of the neck, scruff of the neck, the back between the shoulders, top of
the back
y war the nape of the neck
Daeth i mewn â’r sach ar ei
war He came
carrying the sack on his back
gerfydd eich gwar by the scruff of your neck
codi’r gath gerfydd ei gwar pick up the cat by the scruff of its neck
codi’ch gwar shrug your shoulders
ar ôl pnawn ar y mynydd, a
llosgi ein gwarrau yn yr haul
after an afternoon on the upland,
and having burnt the back of our necks in the sun
2 cael cric yn eich gwar get a crick in your neck
3 bod ar war eich pwll have one foot in the grave (“be on the part
overlooking the pit”)
4 hill (a long flattish hill)
5 place above and behind
ar war (qv) above
Saif hen balasdy y
Prichardiaid, sef y Collena, yn nghanol meusydd eang gwyrddion, ar war
Tonyrefail (Hanes Tonyrefail - Atgofion am y Lle a’r Hen Bobl. Thomas Morgan. 1899,
Caerdydd.)
The old mansion of the Prichards, namely Y Collena, stands in the middle of
extensive green fields, above (the village of) Tonyrefail
Common in place names
in south Wales, especially in the south-west
Gwar-bryn gwar y bryn = hill crest,
or place above and behind the hill
Gwar-coed gwar y coed = place above
and behind the wood
Gwar-ddôl gwar y ddôl = place above
and behind the meadow
Gwaryfelin gwar y felin = place
above and behind the mill
Gwarffynnon gwar y ffynnon = place
above and behind the well
Gwargorof gwar y gorof = place above
and behind the wooded precipice
Gwarmynydd gwar y mynydd = place
above and behind the upland pasture
Gwar-nant gwar y nant = place above
and behind the brook
Gwar-pwll gwar y pwll = place above
and behind the pit, the hollow
Gwar-rhos gwar y rhos = place above
and behind the moorland
Gwarycaeau street name. Pen-y-cae,
Margam; = place above and behind the fields
4 o war
above; from above
Un o war Llandeilo oedd e
He was from Llandeilo way, from the country above Llandeilo
Cae war Ty (field name) y cae o war
y ty – the field above the house
5 bod ar eich gwar be breathing
down your neck, be close behind (i.e. not leaving somebody alone)
Mae e ar ’y ngwar i o hyd He’s on
top of me all the time
6 bod ar ei gwar hi be on top of
a job, have made good progress in some task so that it is on its way to being
completed (“be on the back of its neck”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwar < British *war- < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish gwarr
(= nape, curve), Breton gwar =
([adjective]; curved; [noun] curve)
NOTE: (South Wales) masculine noun gwar,
y gwar (North Wales) feminine noun gwar,
y war
:_______________________________.
gwâr <GWAAR> [gwɑːr] (adj)
1 civilised
cymdeithas wâr a civilised society
anwar barbarous (an- negative prefix) + soft
mutation + (gwâr = civilised)
y mae unrhyw glaf mewn gwlad wâr yn haeddu y driniaeth orau bosibl yn yr
ysbyty
anybody sick in a civilised society deserves th best possible treatment in
a hospital
2 (obsolete) heating, warming
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwar < *gwor < British
Welsh gwâr is related to the verb gori (= to incubate [an
egg])< gwori, and to the noun gwres (= heat)
Irish: gor (= heat).
Old Irish gor (adj) (= filial, dutiful <
warm). In the Welsh Laws, mab anwar ( = son who isn’t dutiful)
From the same British root: Cornish hwar (= meek, gentle, mild) < in-hwar
< (in) + (gwar)
:_______________________________.
gwaradwydd <gwa-RAA-duidh> [gwaˡrɑˑdʊɪð]
1 ignominy, disgrace, disrepute
Pa un a oeddynt yn haeddu'r gwaradwydd bentyrwyd ar eu pennau nid oes modd
dweud yn bendant. Casglwr 51 1993
Whether they deserved the ignomy that was poured onto their heads there is
no way of saying for sure
diwradwydd without
disgrace, exemplary
Ym Mynwent Eglwys Sant Cedol, Pentir, ar fedd Edward
WIlliams,
Pen Hower...
Ei rodiad fu'n ddi-w'radwydd,
Yn bedair a chanmlwydd;
Dan gêl fe'i rhoddwyd o'n gŵydd.
Obry'r awn ninau'n ebrwydd
t62
Englynion Beddau Dyffryn Ogwen, gan J Elwyn Hughes 1979
Gravestone inscription: In the Churchyard of Saint Cedol’s Church, Pentir, on
the grave of Edward Williams, Pen Hower...
His passage [through life] was without disgrace
[at the age of] one hundred and four
He was put hidden away from our presence
We too shall go up [to heaven] too soon
Diarhebion 18:3 Wrth ddyfodiad y drygionus y daw diystyrwch, a chyda
gogan, gwaradwydd
Proverbs 18:3 When the wicked cometh, then cometh also contempt; and with
ignominy
reproach
Mae yn chwithig iawn, os nid yn waradwydd
ar Gymru, ei bod wedi gadael y fath ddyn heb un Bywgraphiad. Hanes y Bibl Cymraeg /Thomas Levi / Blwyddyn a Gyhoeddwyd:
? t96
It is unbecoming, if not a disgrace for
Wales, that she [the country] has left such a man without a single biography
2 rebuke, reproach
3 compensation for insult
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar- intensifying prefix) + (adwydd = sharp, cruel).
The adjective adwydd
< British < Common Cceltic *wedi (= to see, to perceive)
:_______________________________.
gwaradwyddo <gwa-ra-DUI-dhis> [gwaraˡdʊɪðɔ] (v)
1 to reproach, to rebuke
Job 19:3 Dengwaith bellach y’m gwaradwyddasoch; ac nid cywilydd gennych ymgaledu i’m
herbyn.
Job 19:3 These ten times have ye reproached
me: ye are not ashamed that ye make yourselves strange to me.
2 to disgrace, dishonour
3 insult, mock, disparage
Genesis 39:14 Yna hi a alwodd ar ddynion
ei thŷ, ac a draethodd wrthynt, gan ddywedyd, Gwelwch, efe a ddug i ni
Hebrëwr i’n gwaradwyddo: daeth ataf fi i orwedd gyda myfi, minnau a waeddais â
llef uchel,
Genesis 39:14 That she called unto the men of her house, and spake unto them,
saying, See, he hath brought in an Hebrew unto us to mock us; he came in unto
me to lie with me, and I cried with a loud voice:
4 put to shame, to shame
gwaradwyddo
(rhywun) i wneud rhywbeth shame (someone)
into doing something
5 feel ashamed, be put to shame
Dylai pawb waradwyddo o gael gwybod mai arferiad sydd ar gynnydd yw hyn
Everybody should feel ashamed on knowing that this is a practice which is
growing
:_______________________________.
gwaradwyddus <gwa-ra-DUI-dhis> [gwaraˡdʊɪðɪs] (adj)
1 disparaging, opprobious,
disgraceful, shameful
bod yn waradwyddus be a disgrace, be disgraceful, be
shameful
Nid yw yn ddim llai na gwaradwyddus it’s nothing less than shameful
Mae cymaint o bethau
gwardwyddus yn cael eu dangos ar y teledu y dyddiau hyn
There are so many
shameful things being shown on TV these days
Apocrypha Eccelsiasticus 23:15 Y dyn a ymarfero â geiriau gwaradwyddus, ni
chymer addysg tra fyddo byw.
Apocrypha Eccelsiasticus 23:15 The man that is accustomed to opprobrious
words will never be reformed all the days of his life.
ETYMOLOGY:
(gwaradwydd = disrepute, opprobium) + (-us adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
Gwarafog <gwa-RAA-vog> [gwaˡrɑˑvɔg]
1 locality (SN9548) in Brycheiniog (Powys); a parish at this place
Population: 50 (1961), 65 (1971)
Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 22% (1961), 15% (1971)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN9548
:_______________________________.
gwarafun <gwa-RAA-vin> [gwaˡrɑˑvɪn]
1 (verb with a direct and indirect object) refuse, begrudge [= be envious of; wish
ill or allow unwillingly], deny, envy (somebody something), be jealous of, be
envious of (somebody’s something), be unhappy that somebody has something
Nid wyf yn gwarafun iddo ei lwyddiant I don’t begrudge him his success,
I’m not jealous of his success, I’m happy for his success
Gradd er anrhydedd oedd, ac felly enillodd ei radd heb
basio egsam – ond pwy sy'n mynd i warafun hynny, cymaint ei gyfraniad yn y maes
it was an
honorary degree, and so he won his degree without passing an exam – but who is
going to begrudge him that since his contribution to the filed has been so
great
This magazine has never begrudged money for any other publication
Ni fynnwn
warafun i neb elwa ar ei dalent... ond ydi hi’n deg ei fod erbyn hyn yn
aml-filiwnydd am gicio pêl o gwmpas cae, ac yntau ond yn ugain oed?
I wouldn’t want to criticise anybody for profiting from his or her talent
– but is it fair that he is a multi-millionaire by now for kicking a ball
around a field, when he’s only twenty years old?
mean to
Her husband didn't deny her a single thing
2 prohibit
plant dan oed yn yfed gwerth tua £20 ddwy neu dair gwaith yr wythnos, nes yn
feddw,
yn nhref Caernarfon, heb i neb warafun
Children under
age drinking [and spending] around twenty pounds two or three times a week,
until they are drunk, without anybody reproaching them
Gorchwyl achlysurol oedd 'hel priciau', ac yr oedd yn rhaid wrth amser
cyfaddas i wneud hynny. Ac os llwyddem i
gael 'baich da,' ni warafunid i ni dreulio oriau dedwydd yn y Coed
t44 Y Pentre
Gwyn, gan Anthropos (Robert David Rowland 1853?-1944), Tyn-y-cefn, Corwen; 1923
An occasional
task was ‘gathering sticks’, and you needed a suitable amount of time to do
this. And if we managed to get a good load, nobody prohibited us from spending
happy houres in the wood.
ETYMOLOGY: gwarafun < gwarofun < gworofun < British < Common
Celtic *wer-wo-mun
:_______________________________.
gwarafuniad <gwa-ra-VIN-yad> [gwaraˡvɪnjad] (m)
PLURAL gwarafuniadau <gwa-ra-vin-YAA-dai, -e> [gwaravɪnˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 prohibition
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarafun-,
stem of gwarafun = prohibit) + (-i-ad noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwarag <GWAA-rag> [ˡgwɑˑrag] (m)
PLURAL gwaragau <gwa-RAA-gai, -e> [gwaˡrɑˑgaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (obsolete) loop, bow
ETYMOLOGY:
Cornish gwarag (= bow), Breton gwarag (= bow)
:_______________________________.
gwaraidd <GWAA-raidh, -edh> [ˡgwɑˑraɪð, -ɛð] (m)
1 civilised
Dyledswydd Cymro a'i fath ddylai fod, i roddi amlygrwydd o'n rhagorion pan y
crybwyllir am ein diffygion. Fel y crybwylla awdwr yr ysgrif arweiniol yn y Darian ddiweddaf, y mae ymddigiadau Cymry
ein cymoedd yn fil mwy teilwng na'r dull a gymerir gan yr estroniaid a
dryfrithant ein gwlad ar ein gwyliau, ac nid yw Cwm Rhondda ar ôl i un Cwm
arall yn Nghymru yn y cyfeiriad moesol a gwaraidd, ond cymeryd y Cymry fel
safon, ac nid anwariaid estronol.
The duty of 'Cymro' and his sort
should be to highlight our good points when our failings are mentioned. As the
writer of the leading article in the last 'Tarian' mentioned, the behaviour of
the Welsh people of our valleys is a thousand times more dignified than that
shown by the foreigners who swarm over our country on our feast days and Cwm
Rhondda is not behind any other valley in Wales as regards morality and
civilisation, taking the Welsh as the standard, and not foreign barbarians
Llith V, 1897 Tarian
y Gweithiwr
:_______________________________.
gwarant
<GWAA-rant> [ˡgwɑˑrant] (f)
PLURAL gwarantau <gwa-RAN-tai, -e> [gwaˡrantaɪ, -ɛ]
y warant = the guarantee
1 warrant
2 guarantee = written statement given when buying a product stating that the
product will be trouble-free for a certain period of time; if not, it will be
repaired free of charge or replaced
gwarant am
ugain mlynedd a twenty-year guarantee
3 guarantee = thing
which makes another thing certain (e.g. money is no guarantee of happiness)
4 guarantee = money etc handed over as pledge so that a promise or contract is
not broken
5 guarantee = promise to pay the debt of another if he fails to pay
6 nid + bod yn warant o be no
guarantee of
Mae'n ddrama-gyfres; ond ni ddylai hynny, er yn beth i'w groesawu, ddim bod
yn warant
o ryddid rhag beirniadaeth
It’s a drama forming a series; but that should not, though it is something
to be welcomed, be a warrant to free it from critism
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwarant < (?English) < Anglo-French < Old
French guarant < Germanic.
A present
participle form (-end) of the Gemanic verb waren (= to warrant)
:_______________________________.
gwarced ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwarcedion
‹ ›
1 remainder
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
gwarchae
(1) ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwarchaeoedd
‹ ›
1 siege
Jeremeia 19:9 A mi a baraf iddynt fwyta cnawd
eu meibion, a chnawd eu merched, bwytânt hefyd bob un gnawd ei gyfaill, yn y
gwarchae a’r cyfyngder, â’r hwn y cyfynga eu gelynion, a’r rhai sdd yn ceisio
eu heinioes, arnynt.
Jeremiah 19:19 And I will cause them to eat the flesh of their sons and the
flesh of their daughters, and they shall eat every one the flesh of his friend
in the siege and straitness, wherewith their enemies, and they that seek their
lives, shall straiten them.
Deuteronomium 28:55 Rhag rhoddi i un
ohonynt o gig ei feibion, y rhai a fwyty efe; o eisiau gado iddo ddim yn y
gwarchae ac yn y cyfyngdra, â’r hwn y cyfynga dy elyn arnat o fewn dy holl
byrth.
Deuteronomy 28:55 So that he will not give to any of them of the flesh of his
children whom he shall eat: because he hath nothing left him in the siege, and
in the straitness, wherewith thine enemies shall distress thee in all thy
gates.
2 cadw gwarchae ar
maintain under siege
3
gwarchae yn erbyn a siege against
Sechareia 12:2 Wele fi yn gwneuthur
Jerwsalwm yn ffiol gwsg i’r bobloedd oll o amgylch, pan fyddont yn y gwarchae
yn erbyn Jwda, ac yn erbyn Jerwsalem
Zechariah 12:2 Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all the
people round about, when they shall be in the siege both against Judah and
against Jerusalem
4
bod dan warchae be under siege, be
besieged
y rhai dan warchae the besieged, the
besieged population
(obsolete) bod yng ngwarchae be
under siege, be besieged
Brenhinoedd-2 25:1 Ac yn y nawfed
flwyddyn o’i deyrnasiad ef, yn y degfed mis, ar y degfed dydd o’r mis, y daeth
Nebuchodonosor brenin Babilon, efe a’i holl lu, yn erbyn Jerwsalem, ac a
wersyllodd yn ei herbyn hi, a hwy a adeilasant yn ei herbyn hi wrthglawdd o’i
hamgylch hi (25:2) A bu y ddinas yng
ngwarchae hyd yr unfed flwyddyn ar ddeg i’r brenin Sedeceia
Kings-2 25:1 And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth
month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came,
he, and all his host, against Jerusalem, and pitched against it: and they built
forts against it round about. (25:2) And the city was besieged unto the
eleventh
year of king Zedekiah.
5
torri gwarchae to break a siege
6
codi gwarchae ar to raise the siege
on, give up trying to make a place capitulate by besieging it
7
(county of Dinbych) pound, fold, pinfold
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar prefix = on) +
spirant mutation + (cae = to close)
:_______________________________.
gwarchae (2) ‹ › verb
1 gwarchae ar besiege,
place under siege, beleaguer ‹ ›
gwarchae ar dref lay siege to a town,
besiege a town
Daniel 1:1 Yn y drydedd flwyddyn o
deyrnasiad Jehoiacim brenin Jwda, y daeth Nebuchodonosor brenin Babilon i
Jerwsalem, ac a warchaeodd arni.
Daniel 1:1 In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah came
Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon unto Jerusalem, and besieged it.
ETYMOLOGY: verb from the noun gwarchae
(= siege)
:_______________________________.
gwarchod
‹ › (verb)
1 to guard
2 llynges warchod escort fleet
:_______________________________.
gwarchodfa, PLURAL gwarchodféydd
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 reserve, sanctuary
y warchodfa the sanctuary
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchod-,
stem of gwarchod (= look after, guard) + soft mutation + (ma = place)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodfa
adar, gwarchodféydd adar
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 bird sanctuary
y warchodfa adar the bird
sanctuary
:_______________________________.
gwarchodlu
[ gwar- khod -li] (m)
PLURAL: gwarchodluoedd [
gwar-khod-lii-oidh -odh]
1 garrison = troops who guard a fort
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchod-, stem of gwarchod (= look after, guard) +
soft mutation + (llu = band
of people)
:_______________________________.
gwared
‹ › (verb)
1 to get rid of, to get shot of
2 save, rescue; take from a situation where there is danger, the possibility
of injury or death
Un o'r rhai fu yn ei waredu o'r dwfr ydoedd Rhobet Wiliam, Ty Pella
One of the people who took part in rescuing him from the water was Rhobet
Wiliam, of Ty Pella (far house)
gwared rhàg angau save from death
:_______________________________.
gwared
1 See gwaered = slope
NOTE: gwaered >
gwared through the simplification of the diphthong ae ‹EI› [əɪ] >
a ‹A› [a]
:_______________________________.
gwaredigaeth <gwa-re-DII-gaith, -eth> [gwarɛˡdiˑgaɪθ] (f)
PLURAL gwaredigaethau <gwa-re-di-GEI-thai,
-e> [gwarɛdɪˑˡgəɪθaɪ, -ɛ]
1 salvation, deliverance; = rescue from a bad situation, solving of problems
Rhaid i’r Cymry
wneud pethau drosom ein hunain ac nid disgwyl am waredigaeth gan y Cynulliad
a’r Cynghorau Sir
As Welsh people we
must do things ourselves and not expect salvation from the Welsh Assembly and
the County Councils
Eleri Carrog,
sefydlydd brwd a gweithgar Cefn, yn dweud fod yn rhaid
i'r Cymry wneud pethau drosom ein hunain ac nid disgwyl am waredigaeth gan y
Saeson ac eraill Cymro 13
12 89
Eleri Carrog, the enthusiastic founder of Cefn, says we Welsh must do
things for ourselves and not expect salvation form the English and others
2 (Chrisitianity) salvation,
deliverance; removal from the influence of sin
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaredig = saved) + (-aeth suffix for forming nouns)
gwaredig (= saved) <
(gwared- stem of gwaredu
= get rid of, literally ‘under-run’) + (-edig past-participle suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwaredol <gwa-REE-dol> [ˡgwareˑdɔl] adjective
1 redeeming, saving
gwendid gwaredol a redeeming vice
2 dispositionary
prydles waredol gyntaf dispositionary
first lease
ETYMOLOGY: (gwared-, stem of gwaredu
(= get rid of, literally ‘under-run’) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwaredu <gwa-REE-di> [gwaˡreˑdɪ] verb
NOTE: also in the form gwared
1 Christianity save, redeem, deliver;
rescue from evil
gwared rhag... deliver from...,
redeem from...
gwared ni rhag drwg deliver us from
evil
gwared (rhywun) rhàg angau save (someone)
from death
Daniel 3:17, 18 Wele, y mae ein Duw ni,
yr hwn yr ydym ni yn ei addoli yn abl i’n gwared ni allan o’r ffwrn danllyd
boerth, ac efe a’n gwared
ni o’th law di, o frenin. Ac onid e, bydded hysbys
i ti, frenin, ni addolwn dy dduwiau...
Daniel 3:17, 18 If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from
the burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of thine hand, O king.
But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve they gods...
Mae rhywrai wedi galw ar i ni fabwysiadu
bara lawr fel un o’n prydau cenedlaethol ond Duw a’n gwaredo rhag y fath beth
Some people have urged us to adopt laver bread as one of our national meals but
God save us from such a fate! (“from such a thing”)
2 save from, deliver from, rescue from;
take from a situation where there is danger, the possibility of injury or death
Un o’r rhai fu yn ei waredu o’r
dwfr ydoedd Rhobet Wiliam, Ty Pella
One of the people who took part in
rescuing him from the water was Rhobet Wiliam, of Ty Pella (far house)
Esboniad ar y Beibl Sanctaidd, Owen Jones, Wyddgrug, 1840:
SALM LXXVI. Hwyrach i'r Salm hon gael ei hysgrifenu pan waredwyd Jerusalem
oddiwrth Senacherib.
SALM LXXVI. Maybe this Psalm was written when Jerusalem was delivered from
Senacherib
3 there are many oaths with gwaredu
A’n gwaredo oll! (“may God save us
all”)
Duw a’n gwaredo ni God save us!
Duw a’n gwaredo rhag y fath beth God
save us from such a thing!
Gwared ni! (“may we be saved”)
Gwared ni rhag drwg (“may we be
saved from evil”)
Gwared pawb! (“may everybody by
saved “)
Gwared y gwirion! North Wales (“may the innocent one be
saved”)
Gwared ’y nghalon i! Arfon, county of Gwynedd (“may my heart be saved”)
Y Nef a’n gwaredo ni (“may heaven
save us”)
Y nefoedd a’m gwaredo! Heaven help
me! (“may heaven save me”)
4 South Wales get rid of, to get shot of, dispose of, remove to
Rhaid gadael y mwyar duon dros nos mewn
dwr â halen. Mater bach wedyn yn y bore yw gwaredu cyrff y cynrhon gyda’r dŵr
i lawr drwy dwll y sinc
The blackberries should be left overnight in salt and water. It’s a small
matter then in the morning to get rid of the dead maggots (‘the bodies of the
maggots’) with water down the plughole
taflu hen lyfrau i bentwr ar lawr i’w gwaredu throwing old books onto a
pile on the floor to throw them out
gwaredu ysbwriel <ə-SBUR-yel> [əˡsbʊrjɛl] (m)
1 refuse disposal, waste disposal
cerbyd gwared 'sbwriel rubbish lorry
5 remove, take out
Mae wraemia yn dod yn sgil methiant ar
ran yr arennau i waredu’r wrea o’r corff
Uraemia results from the failure of the kidneys to remove urea from the body
6 South Wales put down (an animal), have (an animal) put down
Bu raid i ni waredu’r hen gath
We had to have the old cat put down
7 kill
Rhaid gwaredu cymaint o’r gelyn ag a
allwn, meddai’r cadno
We must kill as many of the enemy as we can, said the fox
8 North Wales
gwaredu rhag... in expressions of
surprise - what a...
Gwaredu rhag y fath wastraff! What a
waste!
In North Wales, the use of gwaredu
to express surprise has developed from the phrase Duw a’n gwaredo ni! (may God save us)
9 North Wales gwaredu at
be astonished at, be surprised at
Rw i’n gwaredu atoch chi’n meddwl y fath
beth!
I’m astonished that you think such a thing!
10 North Wales gwaredu be
shocked at, be appalled at
11 North Wales gwaredu at
deplore = show strong disapproval
13 anwared- obsolete =
imitate (an = intensifying prefix) +
soft mutation + (gwared = to save)
14 dynwared (modern Welsh) = imitate
(dy = intensifying prefix) + (anwared = imitate (obsolete in modern Welsh))
anwared is (an intensifying prefix) + soft mutation +
(gwared = to save)
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh gwared (= ‘under-run’), < gwored (gwo- = under) + soft mutation + (rhed = run) < British wo-ret-
(wo- is from Celtic < *uop-)
With the same structure: Latin succurrere
(= to run to give help); (sub =
under) + (currere = to run)
This is the origin of English succor
(Englandic: succour) < French sucurir < Latin succurrere
gwaredu is (gwared) + (-u verbal suffix)
Cornish gwerez (= to help), Breton gwarediñ (= to help)
:_______________________________.
gwaredwr <gwa-REE-dur> [gwaˡreˑdʊr] verb masculine noun
PLURAL gwaredwyr <gwa-RED-wir> [gwaˡrɛdwɪr]
1 saviour, redeemer
2 Y Gwaredwr the Saviour
helaethu teyrnas y
Gwaredwr
extend the kingdom of the Saviour, spread the Gospel
ymgyflwyno’n hollol i waith yr Arglwydd, byw yn sanctaidd, ac ymdrechu gyda
phob diwydrwydd i helaethu teyrnas y Gwaredwr
dedicate oneself entirely to the work of the Lord, live a holy life, and
endeavour with all one’s might (“one’s diligence”) to extend the kingdom of the
Saviour
gwaredwr gwastraff cofrestredig registered waste-disposal agent
ETYMOLOGY: (gwared-, stem of gwaredu
= to save) + (-wr suffix = man)
NOTE: The Gaulish name Voretovir- coresponds to Welsh gwaredwr
:_______________________________.
gwareiddiad
<gwa-REIDH-yad>
[gwaˡrəɪðjad] (m)
PLURAL gwareiddiadau <gwa-reidh-YAA-dai,
-e> [gwarəɪðˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 civilisation = advanced state of social development
2 civilisation = society with a complex structure (eg administration, law,
culture)
3 civilisation = nation or people with such a society
4 civilisation = way of life of a people, or characteristic of a period
5 civilisation = intellectual and cultural development
6 civilisation = populated area contrasted with a desert, or a
sparsely-populated area
ETYMOLOGY: (gwareidd- < gwaraidd = civilised) + (-iad noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwareiddiedig <gwa-reidh-YEE-dig> [gwarəɪðˡjeˑdɪg] (adj)
1 civilised
pobl waraiddedig civilised people
ETYMOLOGY: (gwareidd- <
gwaraidd = civilised) + (-i-edig past participle
suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwareiddio <gwa-REIDH-yo>
[gwaˡrəɪðjɔ] (v)
1 civilise
2 become civilised
ETYMOLOGY: (gwareidd- < gwaraidd =
civilised) + (-i-o verb suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwareiddiol <gwa-REIDH-yol> [gwaˡrəɪðjɔl] (adj)
1 civilising
ETYMOLOGY: (gwareidd- < gwaraidd =
civilised) + (-i-ol adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwaren
<GWAA-ren> [ˡgwaˑrɛn] feminine
noun
PLURAL gwarenau,
gwarenod, gwarenoeddn <gwa-REE-nai,
-e, nod, -noidh, -nodh> [gwaˡreˑnaɪ, –ɛ, -ɔd, -ɔɪð, -ɔð]
1 rabbit warren
y waren the warren
y cwningod yn eu gwaren the rabbits
in their warren
2
warren – game preserve, enclosed place for breeding game animals and birds
3
Ysgubor y Waren place in Sant-y-brid
(county of Bro Morgannwg) (“(the) barn (of) the warren”)
ETYMOLOGY: English warren <
Norman < Germanic; cf German bewahren
(= to keep, to preserve)
As with other loans from English a g- is prefixed since an initial w-
is more typical of soft-mutated forms (cf gwal = English “wall”, gwast
= waste, gwast = waist, etc)
NOTE: The word is sometimes seen with double ‘r’ – gwarren / warren – but this is a spelling considered less correct
than gwaren / waren
:_______________________________.
gwargaled <gwar-GAA-led> [gwarˡgaˑlɛd] adjective
1 stubborn,
stiffnecked, obstinate
Exodus 32:9 Yr ARGLWYDD
hefyd a ddywedodd wrth Moses, Gwelais y bobl hyn; ac wele, pobl wargaled ydynt
Exodus 32:9 And the
LORD said unto Moses, I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiffnecked
people.
ffolineb gwargaled mwyafrif y swyddogion
the stubborn foolishness of the majority of officials
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = nape of neck ) +
soft mutation + (caled = hard)
:_______________________________.
gwargaledwch <gwar-ga-LEE-dukh> [ˡgwargaleˑdʊx] masculine noun
1 stubbornness, obstinacy
ETYMOLOGY: (gwargaled = stubborn,
obstinate) + (-wch suffix for
forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwargam <GWAR-gam> [ˡgwargam] adjective
1 stooped,
stooping, with a stoop, with head and shoulders bent forward
Cerddai Morgan yn wargam Morgan
walked with a stoop
2 gwargemi curvature of
the spine
3 Mae’n fingul, mae’n fongam,
mae’n wargul, mae’n wyrgam description of a bridge by Edward Richard,
Ystradmeuirg 1803 (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary
t300)
It is narrow-edged, it is bandy-leggèd (= one of the bases is out of position),
it is narrow-humped, it is leaning to one side
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = nape of neck ) +
soft mutation + (cam = crooked)
:_______________________________.
gwarged <GWAR-ged> [ˡgwargɛd]
feminine noun
PLURAL gwargedion
<gwar-GED-yon> [gwarˡgɛdjɔn]
1 (South Wales) remainder, rest, leavings;
surplus
y warged the remainder
cadw gwarged y cig i’r ci keep the
rest of the meat for the dog
Nid digon heb warged Sufficiency is
only achieved when there is something left over
Ni fu digonedd heb wargedion Enough is only enough when there are
leftovers (Diarhebion Merthyr, 1895)
digon a gwarged enough and to spare
2 (South Wales) gwarged angau
a pile of bones (“(a) remnant (of) death”)
Also: gwarged yr angau
ETYMOLOGY: gwarged < gwargred < gworgred
(prefix gwor = excess, over-) + soft
mutation + (an unknown element cred)
There is dissimulation (R – R) > (R – zero) gwargred > gwarged, as
in the name Margred (= Margaret)
> Marged
NOTE: south-east Wales gwarged > gwarcad; gwargedion > gwarcetion
(delw 7500)
:_______________________________.
gwargemi <gwar-GE-mi> [gwarˡgɛmɪ] masculine noun
1 curvature of the
spine, stooped posture
ETYMOLOGY: (gwargam = stooped) +
soft mutation + (-i suffix for
forming abstract nouns) (causes change in the penultimate vowel a > e – vowel affection)
:_______________________________.
gwargrwm <GWAR-grum> [ˡgwargrʊm] (adj)
1 round-shouldered
2 hunched
Eisteddai yn wargrwm wrth y tân He was sitting hunched by the fire
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = nape of the neck, back of the neck ) + soft mutation
+ (crwm = bent )
:_______________________________.
gwariant <GWAR-yant> [ˡgwarjant] (m)
1 expenditure, outlay
ETYMOLOGY: (gwari- stem of gwario = to spend) + (-ant noun
suffix )
:_______________________________.
gwarineb <gwa-RII-neb> [
gwaˡriˑnɛb] (m)
1 mildness, gentleness
ETYMOLOGY: (gwâr = civilised) +
(-i-neb noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwario <GWAR-yo> [ˡgwarjɔ] (verb)
1 to spend (money)
gwario swllt er ennill ceiniog penny
wise and pound foolish (“spending a shilling to gain a penny”)
Chewch chi mo’ni hi faint bynnag o arian
’wariwch chi
You won’t get it no matter how much money you spend
gwario’n ddiarbed spare no expense
(“spend ceaselessly”)
gwario’n hael
spend generously
gwario ar to spend on
Y mae Lloegr yn gwario – hynny yw, yn gwastraffu - milfiliynau o bunnau bob
blwyddyn ar amddiffyn
England spends – that is, wastes - billions of pounds every year on defence
gwario ei arian ar ddiod spend his money on drink
2 (m), expenditure, spending
Dydi hynna ddim yn swnio fel rhyw wario call iawn i mi
That doesn’t sound like very wise spending to me
...a cheid to newydd o ddarllenwyr
yn mhlith rhai na wariasant efallai geinog ar lyfr o'r blaen. Tarian Y Gweithiwr 24 12 1908 ...and there was a new generation of readers
among those who had maybe not spent a penny on books previously
:_______________________________.
gwarodau <gwa-ROO-dai, -e> [gwaˡroˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 plural form of gwarrod (=
a blow to the neck, a beating on the neck)
:_______________________________.
gwarogaeth <gwa-ROO-gaith,
-geth> [gwaˡroˑgaɪθ, -ɛθ] feminine noun
PLURAL gwarogaethau
<gwa-ro-GEI-thai, -the> [gwaroˡgəɪθaɪ, -ɛ]
1 homage, loyalty
y warogaeth the homage
Addoliad y llu teyrngarol, a’u
gwarogaeth i’r Hollallu Dwyfol. (Eben Fardd / Yr Adgyfodiad / Y Traethodydd /
1851 tudalen 34)
The devotion of the loyal host, and their homage to the Godly Almighty
ETYMOLOGY: form of gwrogaeth (= homage)
influenced by the word gwarrog (=
stooping, hunched)
:_______________________________.
gwarrau <GWA-rai, -e> [ˡgwaraɪ,
-ɛ]
1 plural form of gwar (=
nape of the neck)
:_______________________________.
gwarrod <GWA-rod> [ˡgwarɔd] (m)
PLURAL gwarodau <gwa-ROO-dai,
-e> [gwaˡroˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
(South-west Wales)
1 a blow to the neck, a beating on the neck
Derbyniodd y warrod orau a gafodd ci erióed
He got a beating the like of which no dog had ever
had before
ETYMOLOGY: gwarrod < gwarrawd < (gwar = nape of the
neck, back of the neck) + (-awd = noun suffix, indicating an impact)
:_______________________________.
gwarrog·1
<GWA-rog> [ˡgwarɔg] (f)
PLURAL gwarogau <gwa-ROO-gai, -e> [gwaˡroˑgaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 stoop, hunched position
2 (North Wales) blow across the shoulders
3 yoke (also figurative)
4 (county of Môn) yoke for carrying buckets of water
5 (adj) stooping, hunched
6 (adj) (South-east Wales) sly
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = nape of the neck, back of the neck) + (-og = adjectival
suffix, noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwarth <GWARTH> [gwarθ] (masculine noun)
1 shame = painful feeling from having done something dishonourable
or laughable; opprobium = disgrace
after some action
cyhoeddi’ch gwarth eich hun
to cry stinking fish (“make public your own shame”);
to complain about or speak critically about one’s own job, family,
friends, etc, or one’s own limitations, errors, misdeeds
dwyn gwarth ar bring shame on,
be a disgrace to
tynnu gwarth ar to
shame
2 shame = ability to feel this
di-gywilydd shameless
3 disgrace = shameful action
Gwarth penderfyniad cartref Dr. Price The shame of the decision on the
home of Dr. Price (i.e. a shameful decision to demolish the house of Dr.
William Price)
(Cymro 25 12 96)
4 disgrace, dishonour =
shameful object
Mae’r cerflun newydd yn warth The new sculpture is a disgrace
Mae strydoedd llawer o'n trefi yn warth ar gymdeithas The streets of many of our towns are a
disgrace to our society
:_______________________________.
gwarthaf,
gwarthafion
‹
› (masculine noun)
1 top, summit
:_______________________________.
gwartheg
‹ › (plural noun)
1 cattle
2 lleidr gwartheg cattle thief, rustler
3 ffender wartheg
PLURAL ffenderi gwartheg cowcatcher = device on the front of a
locomotive – metal frame set at an angle – to clear obstructions from the track
4 sioe wartheg
PLURAL sioeau gwartheg cattle show
-
gwartheg duon Cymreig
‹ › (plural noun) Welsh black
cattle
- gwartheg Ffrisia
‹ › (plural noun) Frisian cattle
- gwartheg Gernsi
‹ › (plural noun) Guernsey
cattle
- gwartheg Henffordd
‹ › (plural noun) Hereford
cattle
- gwartheg Jersi
‹ › (plural noun) Jersy cattle
:_______________________________.
gwarthnodi
‹ › verb
1 brand, cause to be regarded with contempt
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarthnod = mark of
shame) + (-i suffix for forming
verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwarthrudd
‹ › masculine or feminine noun
1 (obsolete) disgrace, dishonour, shame, ignominy
y gwarthrudd / y warthrudd the
disgrace
Salmau 57:3 Efe a enfyn o’r nefoedd, ac
a’m gwared oddi wrth warthrudd yr hwn a’m llyncai. Sela. Denfyn Duw ei
drugaredd a’i wirionedd.
Psalms 57:3 He shall send from heaven, and save me from the reproach of him
that would swallow me up. Selah. God shall send forth his mercy and his truth.
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (gwarth =
shame, disgrace) + soft mutation + (rhudd
= red)
:_______________________________.
gwas ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gweision
‹ ›
Also the diminutive form gwesyn
1 servant, manservant; page boy = boy servant
2 person with a specified task (sometimes with the soft-mutated form
–was as a second element in a
compound word):
caethwas slave (caeth = bound)
heddwas policeman, heddferch policewoman (hedd = peace)
gwas negesau, negeswas = errand boy, messenger
gwas cegin / gweision cegin kitchen
hand / kitchen hands
3 attendant, employee; mate = assistant to a tradesman
gwas adeiladwr builder’s mate
gwas plymiwr plumber’s mate
4 farm labourer, farm boy
gwas fferm farm hand
Formerly often with the name of the farm where one was employed:
gwas y Gilfach the servant from
Gilfach farm
gwas bach youngest farm servant;
least important servant
5 (South-east Wales) boy, lad (archaic: swain)
gŵr ne’ wääs (gŵr neu was)
a man or a boy ;
gwŷr a gw’ison (gwŷr a
gweision) men and boys
6 servant = animal in the service of a human
Gwas ffyddlon a chwbl anhepgorol oedd y
ceffyl
The horse was a faithful and indespensable servant
7 servant = animal in the service of another animal, in certain
animal names
...(1) gwas y neidr (“(the) servant
(of) the snake”) dragonfly
...(2) North Wales gwas y gog Prunella modularis = hedge sparrow
(“(the) servant (of) the cuckoo”) standard name: llwyd y gwrych (“grey bird (of) the hedge”)
8 digrifwas fool =
jester, person paid to amuse by acting the fool, buffoon
9 harbinger, herald, forerunner; announcer of the arrival of someone
Niwl y gaea, gwas yr eira; niwl yr ha,
gwas da
”Winter mist, a herald of snow; summer mist, a good herald”
10 gillie = sportsman’s guide in hunting and fishing
11 gwas yr Arglwydd
servant of the Lord
Salmau 103:1 Molwch yr Arglwydd,
Gweision yr Arglwydd, molwch, ie, molwch enw yr Arglwydd.
Psalm 113:1 Praise ye the Lord. Praise, O ye servants of the Lord, praise the
name of the Lord.
Josua 24:29 Ac wedi’r pethau hyn, y bu
farw Josua mab Nun, gwas yr Arglwydd, yn fab dengmlwydd a chant
Joshua 24:29 And it came to pass after these things, that Joshua the son of
Nun, the servant of the Lord, died, being an hundred and ten years old.
13 gweision siop shop
assistants: to specify, dyn siop =
shop assistant (male), merch siop =
shop assistant (female)
rhai byr eu cymwynas yw’r rhan fwyaf o
weision cownteri’r swyddfa bost
the majority of the post office counter assistants are not very helpful
14 address: fy ngwas i (=
mate, my friend) (North-west Wales – wash
i)
da ngwas i (congratulation) well
done, my friend
ngwas i (1) used threateningly – my
good fellow, mate, etc (2) used in commiserating: you poor thing
wasi (vocative form) mate, young
man
gad iddo, wasi drop the subject, mate
wasi < fy ngwas i ‹ › = my young man (fy = el
meu) + nasal mutation + (gwas = young man, servant) + (i = (of)
me)
15
address: was (= mate, my friend)
(soft mutation of gwas; g > ZERO)
North-west Wales (with a short vowel) wàs
‹ ›; also wà ‹ ›
Paid â phoeni, wàs Don’t worry, mate
Sometimes heard in use by the English Welsh – for example, in south-east Wales
as ‘wuss’
(How are things, wuss?)
washi ‹ ›
(North Wales) < fy ngwas i = my lad
da iawn, washi very good, my lad
16 Also was in addressing
a dog, a horse, etc
Tyd, wàs! Come, boy!
17 Pwy oedd dy was di
llynedd?; (“who was your servant last year?”) said to someone who is bossy
to others, to someone who orders other people around (GPC)
18 (extreme poverty) mor
dlawd â gwas y clochydd as poor as the sexton’s servant
19 gwesyn = ‘little
servant’
Afon Gwesyn SN 8554 = river in
Brycheiniog, which flows into the river Irfon. The name could refer to its
status as a tributary, as a servant aiding his master.
Abergwesyn SN 8552 village 7 km north
of Llanwrtud, where the Gwesyn stream flows into the river Irfon
20 (North Wales) yr Hen Was
the devil
21 names of objects for various purposes
(South-east Wales) gwas bôn
(“servant (of a) base”) support for a gate hinge
(South-west Wales) gwas dirwyn
(“servant (of) winding”) winder of a spinning wheel
22 gwas y shiriff (Sir
Benfro) (“(the) attendant (of) the sheriff”) goldfinch
23 gwas priodas best man
24 gwas cyflog hired man
dw i ddim ond gwas cyflog I’m only
doing my job (“I’m just a hired servant” – i.e. I can only do what I’ve been
told to do)
25 gwas ystafell
chamberlain
26 gwas stabl stable boy,
stable lad
27 wythnos gwas newydd
honeymoon period, initial period of a changed situation when there is goodwill and
no conflict (“(the) week of (a) new servant / farmhand”)
28 Anwas man’s name
(obsolete) = agitated; (an =
negative prefix) + soft mutation + (gwas
= man); cf Irish anfais (=
commotion)
29 gŵr neu was “man
or lad”
(gŵr = man) + (neu = or) + soft mutation + (gwas = lad)
30
oferwas rake, wastrel
(ofer = futile, useless) + soft
mutation + ( gwas = lad)
..a/ (Welsh Laws) man who is elegible to be a compurgator (testifier of a
person's innocence - from an old court procedure where an accused person is acquitted
if enough people can be found who will swear to his innocence); man of
distinction;
..b/ (South-east Wales) gẃrnewas
‹ ›, gwrnewâs ‹ › man,
youth
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwas < *gwos < British *wost < Celtic *so-sto
< Indo-European *upo-stho (= one
who stands under) || (upo = under) +
(stho = stands)
From the same British root: Cornish gwas
(= servant), Breton gwas (= man,
husband, servant)
From the same Indoeuropean root: Sanskrit upa-sthâna-m
(= service), vástu (= house)
Also from Celtic:
(1) vassal < Old French <
Medieval Latin vassallus < vassus (= servant) + (-allus suffix); vass(us) < Celtic
(2) cf valet < French valet < vaslet (= page) < vas-
(vassus Latin < Gaulish) (=
servant) + (-let diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwasaidd ‹ › adjective
1 servile
Nid
oedd ei larieidd-dra yn peri iddo fod yn feddal a gwasaidd.
His gentleness did not make him (“did not cause him to be”) soft and servile
Prin yr haerai'r Sais-addolwr mwyaf
gwasaidd fod hyn yn wir
Even the
most servile worshipper of the English would not claim this (to be true)
2 gwaseidd-dra servility
ETYMOLOGY: (gwas = lad; servant) + (-aidd suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth,
gwasanaethau
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 service
at eich gwasanaeth at your service
2 service = act of public worship
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth
capel
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 chapel service
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth
eglwys
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 church service
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth
sifil
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 civil service
:_______________________________.
gwas'naethu or gwasnaethu ‹ ›
1 to serve; a form of gwasanaethu ‹ ›
Yr emyn oedd hwn: “Mewn bywyd mae gwasnaethu Duw...”
This was the hymn: “In life there is serving God”
:_______________________________.
gwasanaethu
‹ › (verb)
1 to serve
2 gwasanaethu yn y fyddin serve
in the army
:_______________________________.
gwas bach
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 minor servant; dogsbody
:_______________________________.
gwas fferm,
gweision ffermydd
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 farmhand
:_______________________________.
gwasg, gweisg
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 press (for making cider, etc); press (=
for printing)
y wasg the press
cynhadledd i'r wasg press
conference = (esp politicians, police) meeting with the press or other mass
media to give information
:_______________________________.
gwasgfa ‹ › feminine
noun
PLURAL gwasgféydd
‹ ›
1 (North Wales) fit
y wasgfa the fit
cael gwasgfa have a fit
2
pang
gwasgfa angau = death-pangs
gwasgfa esgor = birth-pangs
gwasgfa cydwybod a pang of
conscience, the pangs of conscience
3
oppression, affliction
4
pressure = squeeze, force which compels
5
hardship,
yr oedd yn wasgfa ryfeddol arni
she was suffering tremendous hardship
6
(action) crush, squeeze
ETYMOLOGY: (gwasg-, root of gwasgu = to squeeze, to press) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)
:_______________________________.
gwasg lemon
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 lemon squeezer
:_______________________________.
gwasgod,
gwasgodau
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 waistcoat
y wasgod the waistcoat
:_______________________________.
gwasgu
‹ › (verb)
1 to press
2
gwasgu i squeeze into
cawson nhw eu gwasgu i’r stafell fechan
they were squeezed into the small room
:_______________________________.
gwasgydd
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwasgyddion
‹ ›
1 squeezer
gwasgydd lemwn lemon squeezer
ETYMOLOGY: (gwasg-, root of gwasgu = to squeeze, to press) + (-ydd suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwastad
‹ › (adjective)
1 flat, even
2 anwastad uneven (an- = negative prefix) + soft
mutation + (gwastad = flat, even)
llawr
pridd anwastad an uneven earthen floor
3
mor wastad â thalcen iâr as flat as
a pancake (“as flat as (the) forehead (of a ) hen”)
4 chwalu yn wastad â’r llawr raze
to the ground
:_______________________________.
gwastad ‹GWA stad ‹ › (adjective)
PLURAL
gwastadoedd, gwastadau
1 level, flat = flat even surface
2 level place
3 plain
4 valley floor
5 gwastadau flats
gwastadau llaid mudflats
6 place names:
..1 Y Gwastad, Bowstrit (Ceredigion)
(“the flat ground”)
..2 Gwastad y Borth (Ceredigion) (“the
flat ground of Y Borth”)
7 the flat of one's back
ar eich gwastad (lying) flat on your
back, (lying) on your back, (lying) face up
ar wastad eich cefn (lying) flat on
your back, (lying) on your back, (lying) face up
Yr oedd yn gorwedd ar wastad ei gefn ar fwrdd y gegin
He was lying on his back on the kitchen table, he was lying face up on the
kitchen table
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh GWÁSTAD < *GWASTÁD < British *GWASTÁT-OS
:_______________________________.
gwastatäwr ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwastatwyr ‹ ›
1 leveller
Angau y Gwastatäwr Mawr Death the Great Leveller
:_______________________________.
gwastraff
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwastraffion
‹ ›
1
waste
2
gwastraff ar a waste of
Mae dyfrháu’r lawnt yn wastraff ar
ddŵr gwerthfawr Watering the lawn is a waste of valuable water
3
waste = extravagance, frivilous spending
4
waste = unproductive effort
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English
Cf Lowlandic (Germanic language of Scotland), which has gwastrife (= wastefulness,
extravagance)
:_______________________________.
gwastraffu
‹ › (verb)
1 to waste
:_______________________________.
gwastrawd
‹ › masculine
noun
PLURAL gwastrodion
‹ ›
1 groom, stableman
2 equerry = officer who looks after a prince's or king's horses
ETYMOLOGY:
possibly gwás-strawd <
gwas-ýstrawd < (gwas =
lad, servant) + (*ystrawd = saddle, < Latin strâtum = saddle)
:_______________________________.
gwa’th
‹ ›
1
southern form of gwaeth (= worse)
Usually spelt (less correctly) gwâth
See aa / gwaath
:_______________________________.
gwatwar ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwatwarau,
gwatwarion ‹ ›
1 mockery, scorn, derision, taunt
ETYMOLOGY: stem of the verb gwatwar
:_______________________________.
gwau
‹ › (verb)
1 to knit
:_______________________________.
gwaun, gweunydd
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 moorland meadow
y waun the meadow
2 y Waun Bodr (place
name) the barren moorland meadow
(y = definite article) + soft
mutation + (gwaun = prat, erm) +
soft mutation + (podr feminine form
of pwdr = rotten; barren, poor)
:_______________________________.
Gwaun ‹ › feminine noun
1 Afon Gwaun SN 0034 =
river in Dyfed; local form Afon Gweun
‹ ›
2 Aber-gwaun town at the
estuary of the Gwaun river.
Local name: Aber-gweun ‹ ›. English
name: Fishguard
ETYMOLOGY: (aber = estuary) + (Gwaun name of river)
:_______________________________.
gwawdlun ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwawdluniau
‹ ›
1 caricature
gwawdlun o Dylan Thomas mewn tafarn yn
Llundain
a caricature of Dylan Thomas in a pub in London
ETYMOLOGY: (gwawd = derision,
mockery) + soft mutation + (llun =
picture)
:_______________________________.
gwawr ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwawroedd
‹ ›
1 dawn
y wawr the dawn
gwawrddydd dawn (literary word)
gyda’r wawr at dawn
o wawr hyd fachlud from dawn to dusk
Merched y Wawr Welsh women’s
organisation (“(the) daughters (of) the dawn”)
2 brightness
3 hue, tint, nuance, soupçon
petalau gwynion a gwawr binc arnynt
white petals tinged with pink (“and a pink tinge on them”)
4 (obsolete) leader, chief
5 (obsolete) hero
6 (obsolete) princess, lady, maiden
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic < Indo-European *awes- (= to shine).
Welsh gwawr corresponds to Irish fáir
(= sunrise, dawn)
Cf from this same IE root
..1/ Latin aurôra (1) dawn, (2)
Aurora – goddess of the dawn,
..2/ Greek eos (1) dawn, (2) Eos,
goddess of the dawn;
:_______________________________.
Gwawr
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name (= dawn)
:_______________________________.
gwawrio
‹ › (verb)
1 to dawn
:_______________________________.
gwddf,
gyddfau
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 neck
2 throat
Glynodd asgwrn yn ei wddf A bone lodged in his throat
3 gyddfdorch torque
= necklace made of twisted metal, usually gold, worn by the ancient Celts and
Germans (gyddf-, penult form of gwddf = neck) + soft mutation + (torch = torque, neckalce of twisted
gold, etc)
:_______________________________.
gwddw,
gyddfau
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 neck (North)
Gwddw Glas locality in Penmaen-Mawr (apparently called by the English in
the area ‘Green Gorge’, either a spontaneous coining, or a semi-translation
from Welsh)
:_______________________________.
gwddwg
‹ › masculine
noun
PLURAL gwddwgau
‹ ›
1 (South Wales) neck
2 Mae gwddwg tost gyda fi I’ve got a
sore throat
2
The waterfall known in English as “Water-Break-Its -Neck” in Coed y Gwningar /
Warren Wood SO186598 Maesyfed / New Radnor (SO2160) is “Dŵr-Torri-Gwddwg”
according to a Forestry Commission webpage (2005-10-03)
(I am uncertain whether this is a traditional form, though more likely it is a
translation of the English name. If it is a translation, is it an official
form? Any information?)
http://www.forestry.gov.uk/website/wildwoods.nsf/LUwebDocsByKey/WalesPowysMaesyfedRadnorCoedwigWarrenCoedwigWarrenWelsh
NOTE: See gwddf, the literary form
of this word
:_______________________________.
gwdechwdd ‹ › masculine noun
1 obsolete; South-east Wales evening. See godechwydd
:_______________________________.
gwe, gyddfau
‹ › (femininen noun)
1 web
y we = the web
2
anwe
(an = in ) + soft mutation + (gwe = weft, weave); Breton anve, Irish inneach (=weft, weave)
woof, weft; (in an upright loom) the horizontal threads, at right angles to the
warp (vertical threads) ystof ac anwe
warp and woof; weave, structure
gwe ac anwe warp and woof; weave,
:_______________________________.
gwe-
‹ ›
1 a form of the prefix gwo- (= under)
gwo- had a variant gwa-; where it preceded a syllable with
“i” or “y” it became gwe- (the
change a > e is an example of vowel affection)
..a/ gwregys (= belt)
(gwo- / gwa-) + soft mutation + (crys = shirt, sash)
..b/ gwegil (= back of the neck)
(gwo- / gwa-) + soft mutation + (cil = back part)
..c/ gwehilion (= worthless corn,
chaff; the dregs of society)
(gwo- / gwa-) + (hil = seed; modern Welsh it is seed
only metaphorically - seed, issue, descendants, progeny, lineage); older Welsh
) + (ion plural suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwead,
gweadau
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 weave
2 (garment)
llac ei wead loose woven
clos ei wead close woven
:_______________________________.
gwedd (1)
‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gweddau
‹ ›
1 aspect, appearance, look
y wedd the appearance
newid eich gwedd change your appearance, disguise oneself
2 ar ei newydd wedd in
its new guise, the new-look
Bu dathliadau mawr yn Llanuwchllyn dros
y Flwyddyn Newydd pan agorwyd y neuadd bentref ar ei newydd wedd
There were big celebrations in Llanuwchllyn over New Year when the new-look
village hall was opened
3 gwedd dda ar:
fine-looking
anifail â gwedd dda arno a
fine-looking animal (“(an) animal with (a) fine look on it”)
4 gwedd wahanol ar said
of what lookes different, different looking (“(a) different aspect on”)
rhoi gwedd wahanol ar alter the
appearance of (“give / put (a) different aspect on”)
5 face, countenance, mien
6 complexion, colour of the face
gwelw eich gwedd pale, pale-looking
(“pale your complexion”)
7 (moon) phase
gweddau’r lleuad the phases of the
moon
8 (wood) texture
9 kind, type, sort
10 manner, way
yr un wedd in the same way
ar un wedd
..a/ in one way
..b/ (South) on any account, whatver may happen, under no circumstances
11 second element in compound words
..1/ agwedd feminine noun = attitude < *angwedd
< *an-ngwedd (an- = intensifying prefix) + nasal
mutation + (gwedd = aspect,
appearance)
..2/ cerfwedd relief = raised work
(art) (cerf-, stem of cerfio = to carve, to sculpt) + soft
mutation + (gwedd = aspect)
..3/ glanwedd (adjective) pure,
clean, pretty (glân = pure, clean,
pretty) + (gwedd)
..4/ llorwedd adjective horizontal (llawr
= floor) + (gwedd)
..5/ llunwedd feminine noun layout (of a room) (llun = image) + (gwedd)
..6/ rhinwedd (feminine noun) virtue
(rhin = essence) + (gwedd)
..7/ tirwedd feminine noun landscape (tir
= land) + (gwedd)
..8/ trumwedd peak, hill;
appearance, form, outline
(trum = hill, peak, ridge) + soft
mutation + (gwedd = appearance)
Used in the county of Dinbych, and in the neighbouring district of Meirionydd
in the county of Gwynedd.
Also in use as trymwydd to the south
of Meirionydd, in the northern part of the county of Ceredigion. In this
variant, there is
..a/ loss of quality of the tonic vowel – the replacement of the original vowel
in this position by the obscure vowel is not unusual in Welsh;
..b/ and confusion with the element gŵydd
(= presence)
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh gwedd < British *uidâ < uedi- see, appear.
Related to Latin videre (= to see),
and also to words in Germanic languages, for example:
..a/ English (1) wit (mind; gift of
making of sharp humorous observations), (2) witness;
..b/ German wissen (= to know).
:_______________________________.
gwedd ‹ › femení
PLURAL gweddoedd
‹ ›
1
yoke
2
yoke = oppression
3
(horses) pair, team;
gwedd o geffylau pair of horses
gwedd o ychen yoke of oxen
ceffyl gwedd horse (“yoke horse”),
working horse, horse used for pulling, shire horse
Y pryd hynny byddai’r gweddoedd ceffylau
yn llenwi'r efail, a mynych y byddai
yno bump neu chwech ar y tro yn disgwyl cael eu pedoli
Then pairs of working horses would fill the smithy, and often there would be
five or six waiting to be shoed
gwedd aredig ploughing team
4
an-wedd (Nord-east Wales)
extremadament extraordinarily, exceedingly, extremely
mae hi’n oer an-wedd It’s extremely
cold
(an- = negative prefix) + soft
mutation + (gwedd = yoke)
5
gweddog yoked
rhoi dan y wedd to put under the
yoke
canlyn gwedd (“follow yoke”) be a
ploughman
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwedd < British *wue- (= to tie)
Irish feadhain (= company)
(apparently the original sense was yoke)
escocès feadhainn (= company)
:_______________________________.
gweddi,
gweddïau
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 prayer
y weddi the prayer
:_______________________________.
gweddïo
‹ › (verb)
1 to pray
2
gweddïo gweddi’r Arglwydd say the
Lord’s Prayer
gweddiai weddi’r Arglwydd gyda holl
nerth ei henaid She said the Lord’s Prayer with all the strength of her
soul
:_______________________________.
gweddi'r
Arglwydd ‹ ›
1
the Lord's Prayer; Matthew 6:9-13
Ein Tad, yr hwn wyt yn y nefoedd, /
Sancteiddier dy enw. / Deled dy deyrnas. / Gwneler dy ewyllys, / megis yn yr
nef, / felly ar y ddaear hefyd. / Dyro i ni heddiw ein bara beunyddiol. / A
maddau i ni ein dyledion, / fel y maddeuwn ninnau i'n dyledwyr. / Ac nac arwain
ni i brofedigaeth; / eithr gwared ni rhag drwg. / Canys eiddot ti yw'r deyrnas,
/ a'r nerth, / a'r gogoniant, / yn oes oesoedd. / Amen
Our Father which art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy
will be done in earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And
forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive them that trespass against us. And
lead us not into temptation. But deliver us from evil. Amen. (Book of Common
Prayer, 1559)
Our father which art in heauen, hallowed be thy name.
Thy kingdome come. Thy will be done, in earth, as it is in heauen.
Giue vs this day our daily bread.
And forgiue vs our debts, as we forgiue our debters.
And lead vs not into temptation, but deliuer vs from euill: For thine is the
kingdome, and the power, and the glory, for euer, Amen.
(King James’ Bible, 1611)
Our Father, who art in heaven, Hallowed be thy Name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will
be done, On earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And
forgive us our trespasses, As we forgive those who trespass against us. And
lead us not into temptation, But deliver us from evil. For thine is the
kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever and ever. Amen.
(Book of Common Prayer, 1928)
Ein Tad yn y nefoedd, sancteiddier dy enw;
deled dy deyrnas; gwneler dy ewyllys, ar y ddaear fel yn y nef.
Dyro inni heddiw ein bara beunyddiol,
a maddau inni ein troseddau, fel yr ym ni wedi maddau i'r rhai a droseddodd yn
ein herbyn;
a phaid â'n dwyn i brawf, ond gwared ni rhag yr Un drwg. Oherwydd eiddot ti
yw'r deyrnas a'r gallu a'r gogoniant am byth. Amen. (Beibl Newydd, 1988)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) prayer (of the) Lord”) (gweddi
= prayer) + (yr definite article) +
(arglwydd = lord)
:_______________________________.
gweddol
‹ › (adverb)
1 fairly
:_______________________________.
gweddu
‹ › (verb)
1 to suit
2 gweddu i (rywun) to suit (somebody),
to look good on (somebody)
Mae’r siaced ’na’n gweddu i chi That jacket suits you, that jacket looks
good on you
gweddi i’w gilydd suit each other
gweddi i’w gilydd i’r dim suit each other exactly, be a perfect match
:_______________________________.
gweddw,
gweddwon
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 widow
y weddw the widow
:_______________________________.
gwedwst
‹ › adjective
(South Wales)
1 silent, taciturn
Mae e’n wedwst He doesn’t say a lot,
He doesn’t talk much
ETYMOLOGY:
..a/ Apparently the underlying form is *tawedwst
(tawed-, from tawedog = quiet, taciturn) + soft mutation + (gwst = pain); if not, then from a suffix -ws.
..b/ From *tawedwst was derived dywedwst, through a confusion of the
first element with dywed-, the stem
of dweud (= to say).
..c/ In the South gwed- replaced dywed-, since the Southern form of dweud, dywed- is gweud, gwed-
:_______________________________.
gwe-eiriadur
‹gwee ei-ri-YAA-dir ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwe-eiriaduron
1 web dictionary, online dictionary. Not in common use – in fact, not used at
all, since it is a somewhat clumsy word we invented for this particular online
dictionary
ETYMOLOGY: (gwe = web, spider’s web,
something woven; the worldwide web) + soft mutation + (geiriadur = dictionary)
:_______________________________.
gwefan
‹ › masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL gwefannau
‹ ›
1 website
y gwefan / y wefan the website
ETYMOLOGY: (gwe = web, spider’s web,
something woven) + soft mutation + (man
= place)
NOTE: man (= place) can be either
masculine and feminine, and so too the compound forms
:_______________________________.
gwefus,
gwefusau
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 lip
y wefus the lip
:_______________________________.
gwegil ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwegiliau ‹ ›
1 nape of the neck
Dododd ei law ar wegil blewog y ci He placed his hand on the hairy back
of the dog's neck
cadw’ch llygaid yn eich gwegil to have a blinkered attitude (“to keep
your eyes in the back of your neck”)
2 estyn bys yng ngwegil (rhywun) point the finger of scorn at
(“extend (a) finger in (the) back-of-the-neck (of) someone”)
3 anadlu i lawr gwegil rhywun breathe down one's neck, be
close in pursuit
4 back of a single-edged tool
Gwegil y Fwyall name of a Welsh air (“the back of the axe”)
5 gwegil haul place shaded from the sun (“nape (of) sun”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwegil
< *gwagil (with the change a > e under the influence
of the i in the final syllable) (gwa = a variant of the prefix gwo
= under) + soft mutation + (cil = back part)
:_______________________________.
gwehilion
‹ › plural
noun
1 worthless corn, chaff; dregs,
riff-raff, rubbish
2 gwehilion cymdeithas = the dregs of society
gwehiliach scum = worthless people
(with the plural suffix -ach which
has denotes contempt and disdain instead of -ion)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwe, form of the prefix gwo- / gwa- (= under) before a
following syllable with ‹ ›) + (hil
= lineage) + (ion plural suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwehydd,
gwehyddion
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 weaver
:_______________________________.
gwehyddiad
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwehyddiadau
‹ ›
1 weave = method or pattern of weaving
2 gwehyddiad Jacquard ‹ › Jacquard
weave = a fabric in which the design is incorporated into the weave instead of
being printed or dyed on
3 gwehyddiad esgyrn pysgodyn
herringbone weave
4 gwehyddiad caerog twill
weave
5 gwehyddiad rhesog
ribbed weave
ETYMOLOGY: (gwehydd-, stem of gwehydda = to weave) + (-i-ad suffix)
:_______________________________.
gweiddi
‹ › (verb)
1 to shout
2 gwaedd, gwaeddau ‹ › (feminine
noun) a shout, a cry
3 gweiddi “blaidd” ‹ › (phrase)
cry ‘wolf’ (make out that there is danger or a problem when in fact there is
not in order to attract the attention and sympathy of other people)
4 gweiddi nerth eich pen
‹ › (phrase) shout as loud as
you can (“shout (the) strength (of) one’s mouth”)
5
(with an exclamation of rejection, dissatisfaction)
gweiddi wfft i protest against
(“shout ‘wfft’ to”)
6
y pair yn gweiddi parddu ar y pentan
(“the cauldron shouting soot to the fireplace”) the pot calling the kettle black
- said of someone who criticises another for something which the critic is
equally guilty of
7
gweiddi ‘blaidd!’ to cry wolf =
demand help unnecessarily
8
gweiddi ar rywun i wneud rhywbeth
shout to somebody to do something
gwaeddodd ar ei wraig i agor y drws
he shouted to his wife to open the door
:_______________________________.
gweigion
‹ › (plural noun)
1 empty; plural of gwag
:_______________________________.
gweilch
‹ › (plural noun)
1 falcons, hawks; plural of gwalch
:_______________________________.
gweilgi
‹ › [ˡgwəilgɪ]
feminine noun
PLURAL gweilgïoedd
[gwəilˡgiˑoið]
‹ ›
1 obsolete
wolf
y weilgi the wolf
2 sea, ocean (probably from the personification of the sea as a wolf
at some earlier period)
gwylan y weilgi (Fulmaris glacialis)
a name for the fulmar (‘gull (of) the ocean’);
the standard name however is aderyn
drycin y graig (“storm-bird of the rock’)
3
flood, torrent
In this sense it occurs in the place name Cefnwilgi
(= Cefn y weilgi) (Y Trallwng, Powys)
(“hill of the torrent”)
ETYMOLOGY: “wolf dog” Welsh gweilgi [ˡgwəilgɪ],
a respelling of
gwaelgi [ˡgwəilgɪ]
(*gwael = wolf) + soft mutation + (ci = dog);
gwael < British < Celtic *wai-los ‘howler, animal which howls’
< *wai- (= howl)
From the same Celtic root: Irish faolchú
( = wolf). This is literally “wolf dog”
(faol= wolf) + mutation + (cú = dog)
:_______________________________.
gweili
‹ › [ˡgwəilɪ]
adjective
1 obsolete
empty
2 North-west Wales (horse)
without a load, without a plough or cart, without a rider
3 North-west Wales (engine
of a train) which is travelling light, that is, without carriages or wagons
injen weili o peiriant gweili engine without carriages or wagons
4 Commerce pwysau gweili tare weight = weight of a
vehicle when empty
5 olwyn weili, plural olwynion gweili idler, idle wheel,
loose wheel
6 troi’n weili (machine)
run idle, maintain motion while disconnected
7 tudalen gweili flyleaf
= blank page at the beginning or end of a book (gweili = empty)
ETYMOLOGY: gweili < gweily < gweilydd < British < Celtic
From the same Celtic root: Irish fáili
(= pleasant, affable)
:_______________________________.
gweini
‹ › (verb)
1 (verb without an object) to
serve
gweini wrth y bwrdd serve at table
table
2 (verb with an object) to serve
:_______________________________.
gweinidog
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gweinidogion
‹ ›
1 minister = a clergyman in a Nonconformist Church, a Protestant
church other then the English state church (Anglican) such as the Baptists,
Methodists, and Independents (or Congregationalists)
2 minister = a person in charge of a government department,
secretary of state;
Gweinidog Addysg Education Minister
Gweinidog Cartref Interior Minister
Gweinidog heb Weinyddiaeth Minister
without Portfolio
Gweinidog Iechyd Health Minister
Gweinidog Tramor Foreign Minister
Prif Weinidog Prime Minister
3 obsolete servant in a
country mansion, manservant
gweinidog ty = servant
4 Bible servant
Malachi 1:6 Mab a anrhydedda ei dad, a
gweinidog ei feistr
Malachi 1:6 A son honoureth his father, and a servant his master:
5
(obsolete) servant in a country mansion, manservant
gweinidog ty = servant
...Mrs. Harris, yr hon oedd yn cerdded o
gwmpas y neuadd yn taflu golwg ar y gweinidogion yn gwasanaethu y byrddau
t22 Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (=Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910)
Mrs Harris who was walking about the hall observing how the servants were
serving the tables
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gweinidog
(originally an adjective) (gweinid =
to serve) + (-og = adjectival suffix)
From the same British root: Cornish gwonezeg
(= worker), Breton gounideg (=
farmer)
NOTE: colloquial forms are: gwenidog
‹ › gwnidog ‹ ›,
gwinidog ‹ ›
:_______________________________.
gweinio
‹ › verb
1 sheathe = place a knife in a sheathe, a sword in a scabbard, etc
ETYMOLOGY: (gwein- < gwain = sheath) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gweinlyfiad
‹ › masculine noun
1
cunnilingus
ETYMOLOGY: (gweinlyf- arrel de gweinlyfu = perform cunnilingus) + (-llyfu to lick) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
gweinlyfu
‹ › verb
1
perform cunnilingus
ETYMOLOGY: (gwein- < gwain = sheath, vagina) + soft mutation
+ (-llyfu to lick)
:_______________________________.
gweinyddiaeth
‹ › (f)
1 administration
2 y Weinyddiaeth Dramor
The State Department (USA foreign affairs department)
:_______________________________.
gweirglodd
‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gweirgloddiau
‹ ›
1 hay meadow, hayfield, grassland; field where grass is grown to provide
hay, by cutting and drying for animal fodder
y weirglodd the hay meadow
lladd gweirglodd o wair cut a hay
meadow, cut the grass in a hay meadow
2 meadow = field for pasturing animals
3 Barnwyr 20:33 A holl
ŵyr Israel a gyfodasant o’u llem, ac a fyddinasant yn Baal-tamar: a’r sawl
a oedd o Israel yn cynllwyn, a ddaeth allan o’u mangre, sef o weirgloddiau
Gibea.
Judges 20:33 And all the men of Israel rose up out of their place, and
put themselves in array at Baaltamar: and the liers in wait of Israel came
forth out of their places, even››
(b) (South Wales) gwerlod ‹ ›; [ˡgwɛrlɔd]
(c) (South Wales) gwrglod ‹ ›, [ˡgʊrglɔd]
(d) (South Wales) gwrlod ‹ ›; [ˡgʊrlɔd]
(e) (South Wales) gwrlodd ‹ ›; [ˡgʊrlɔð]
(f) (South Wales) gwyrglodd ‹ ›, [ˡgwərglɔð]
(g) (South Wales) gwyrlod ‹ ›, [ˡgwərlɔd]
(h) (South Wales) gwyrlad ‹ ›, [ˡgwərlad]
(i) (South Wales) wrglo ‹ ›, [ˡʊrglɔ]
(j) (South Wales - county of Penfro) hwirglo
‹ › [ˡhwɪrglɔ]
In the Llanofer Collection at Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru / the National
Library of Wales, it is noted in the handwriting of Iolo Morganwg
(pronunciations inserted):
gweirlod [ˡgwəirgɔd] Sil. (= Silurian, i.e.
south-eastern Welsh) a meadow, plural gweirlodydd
[gwəirˡloˑdɪð]. In Monm. (= Monmouthshire)
it is pronounced Gwrlod [ˡgʊrlɔd], plural gwrlodydd [gʊrˡloˑdɪð]... about Celli Gaer (=
Gelli-gaer, county of Caerffili) they say gwerlod
[ˡgwɛrlɔd], gwerlodydd [gwɛrˡloˑdɪð]...
Place names:
.....(1) Penyrwrlodd [pɛn ər ˡʊrlɔð] pen y weirglodd (= the end of the meadow) [pɛn ə ˡwəirglɔð] Farm name
In his Topographical Dictionary of Wales, 1849, Samuel Lewis, under Llanigon (moden-day Powys), states:
Upon a
high bank to the south-east of the church is Penyrwrlodd, now a farmhouse,
originally built in 1651, by William Watkins, an active officer in the army of
the parliament during the reign of Charles I., and one of the principal agents
of the propagators of the Gospel in South Wales
.....(2) Penywyrlod [pɛn
ə ˡwərlɔd] pen
y weirglodd (= the end of
the meadow) [pɛn
ə ˡwəirglɔð]
.....a/ farm by Rowlstone,
Herefordshire, England
.....b/ farm by Yr Hengastell, by the
river Mynwy north of Llanfihangel Crucornau (county of Mynwy)
.....c/ street in the village of Gelli-gaer (county of Caerffili)
.....(3) Y Hwirlo Hware (= Y Weirglodd
Chwarae) (‘the meadow of playing’)
Common land in San Clêr (county of Caerfyrddin) (year 1838, noted in Geiriadur
Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary, page 1622) .
.....(4) Y Wyrlod-ddu (y weirglodd ddu = the
black meadow)
Farm at Cefncoedycymer (county of Merthyrtudful)
ETYMOLOGY: “grass field” Welsh gweirglodd < gweirglawdd
(gweir- penult form of gwair = grass, hay) + soft mutation + (clawdd = ditch, hedgebank, field)
Although clawdd is masculine (y clawdd), gweirglodd is a
feminine noun (y weirglodd).
:_______________________________.
gweirglodd-dir
‹ › masculine noun
1 meadow, meadowland
Genesis 41:2 Ac wele, yn esgyn o’r afon,
saith o wartheg teg yr olwg, a thewion o gig; ac mewn gweirglodd-dir y porent
Genesis 41:2 And, behold, there came up out of the river seven well favoured
kine and fatfleshed; and they fed in a meadow.
ETYMOLOGY: (gweirglodd = meadow) +
soft mutation + (tir = land)
:_______________________________.
gweirgloddio
‹ › verb
1 become meadow land
(In Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary, page 1622, a
reference is made to a note in the Llanofer Collection at Llyfrgell
Genedlaethol Cymru / the National Library of Wales, in the handwriting of Iolo
Morganwg:
gweirlodi, gwrlodi, & gwerlodi to turn to, or become meadow,
or fine grass ground, so they say of land that, (having been for some time in
culture, for corn, &c.) is left to run into grass. When a considerable
quantity of grass appears, or when it, in any meadow ground, begins to be
abundant in spring, they say y mae’r tir, y cae, y waun, y maes, &c. yn
dechrau gwrlodi
ETYMOLOGY: (gweirglodd = meadow) + (-io = suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: Also gweirlodi, gwrlodi, gwerlodi, gwyrlodi, etc
:_______________________________.
gweiriach
‹ › plural noun
1 wisps of hay
ETYMOLOGY: (gweir- penult form of gwair = grass) + (-i-ach, diminutive suffix)
NOTE: In South Wales without the initial “i” of the final syllable: gweirach (in the south -i-ach > -ach)
:_______________________________.
gweithdy,
gweithdai
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 workshop
:_______________________________.
gweithgar
‹ › (adjective)
1 hard-working
:_______________________________.
gweithgaredd,
gweithgareddau
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 activity
:_______________________________.
gweithgarwch
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 diligence
:_______________________________.
gweithgor
‹ › masculine
noun
PLURAL gweithgorau
‹ ›
1 working party = committee set up to
investigate some matter
ETYMOLOGY: (gweith-, penult syllable
form of gwaith = work) + soft
mutation + (cor < cordd = group )
:_______________________________.
gweithio
‹ › (verb)
1 work = exert effort in order to do some act or to make something
gweithio bob yn ail â pheidio work by fits and starts (“work alternately
with stopping”)
2 gweithio’ch bysedd at yr asgwrn work
your fingers to the bone
3 gweithio
dramor work abroad
4
bod ar eich goreu yn gweithio be busy at work, be working away busily, be hard at it working
Pan oedd pawb ar eu gorau yn gweithio,
dyma fe’n sleifio i’r tafarn When everybody was hard at it working he
slipped off to the pub
:_______________________________.
gweithiwr,
gweithwyr
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 worker
:_______________________________.
gweithlu,
gweithluoedd
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 workforce
:_______________________________.
gweithred,
gweithredoedd
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 action, deed
2 ar air neu ar weithred
in word or deed, by word or by deed
Colosiaid 3:17 A pha beth bynnag a wneloch, ar air neu ar weithred, gwnewch bob
peth yn enw'r Arglwydd Iesu, gan ddiolch i Dduw a'r Tad trwyddo ef.
Colossians 3:17 And
whatsoever ye do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving
thanks to God and the Father by him.
:_______________________________.
gweithrediad,
gweithrediadau
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 action
:_______________________________.
gweithredu
‹ › (verb)
1 to act = do something; make something
work
2 gweithredu’r gyfraith
apply the law, enforce the law
:_______________________________.
gweithredwr
1 operator
2 cudd-weithredwr secret
agent
:_______________________________.
gweithreg
‹ › feminine noun
1 See: gweithwraig
:_______________________________.
gweithwraig
‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gweithwragedd
‹ ›
1 worker (woman), woman worker, female worker
Maent yn honni bod perchnogion cartref
henoed yn Llangedwyn wedi gwahardd staff a phreswylwyr rhag siarad Cymraeg â’i
gilydd a bod un weithwraig wedi gadael oherwydd hynny
They claim that the owners of an old people’s home in Llangedwyn have banned
staff and residents from speaking Welsh to each other and a woman worker has
left because of this
ETYMOLOGY: (gweith- < gweithio = to work) + soft mutation + (gwraig = woman)
NOTE: also gweithreg. See -reg
:_______________________________.
gwêl ‹ › masculine noun
1 (names of houses, streets) view
Gwêleryri view of Eryri (street in
Llandegfan, Môn)
Gwêlfenai view of the Menai Strait
Gwêl-rheidol view of the river
Rheidol
Gwêlycreuddyn view of the Creuddyn
(Creuddyn is the name of a hill)
Gwêl-y-don sea view
Gwêlymynydd mountain view; view of
the highland
Gwêl-y-nant stream view
Gwêlyrwyddfa view of Yr Wyddfa,
Snowdon View
Gwêlystwyth view of the river
Ystwyth
In some names used as a quasi-prefix, causing soft mutation where applicable.
There is no definite artcle:
Gwelafon river view
Gwelfor sea view
Gwelfryn hill view
2 tegwel (teg = fair) + soft mutation + (gwêl view, appearance, aspect)
..a/ Tegwel woman’s name (‘fair
aspect’)
..b/ Tegwel house name, ‘Fair
Prospect’, ‘Belvedere’
..c/ Botegwel (house name) ‘house
(of the) fair prospect’
(= Bod Degwel < (bod = house) + soft mutation + (tegwel fair appearance, fair view). The
combination d-d, where the second d is a soft mutation of t, generally becomes t)
ETYMOLOGY: gwêl = stem of gweld / gweled (= to see); as a noun
meaning ‘view’, this is a coining by Iolo Morgannwg (1747-1826). The first
instance of it is c. 1780
:_______________________________.
Gwelafon
‹ ›
1 river view
Name of a street in Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + (afon = river)
:_______________________________.
gweld ‹ › (verb)
1 to see
2 bod wedi gweld eich dyddiau gwell to have seen better days (“to
have seen your better days”)
3 gweld y rhagor rhwng da a drwg
differenciate between good and bad (“see the difference between good and bad”)
4 os gwelwch yn dda
‹ › (phrase) please (“if you see
well”)
5 am y gwelwch chi as far
as the eye can see
6 Galwa i ’ngweld i Come
and seen me, Call by
7 gweld beiau pawb ond rhai
ei hunan find fault with everybody except oneself (“see the faults of
everbody but (yhe) ones (of) himself”)
8 methu gweld y coed gan
brennau not see the wood for the trees
9
gweld sut y mae pethau see how
things are / see how things stand, see how the land lies
10
gweld pa ffordd y mae’r gwynt yn chwythu
see how things are / see how things stand, see how the land lies
11
(North Wales) gweld eich gwyn (ar
rywbeth) = take a fancy to (something)
(gwyn = white) (with the influence
of gŵyn (= desire))
(Sefyllfa: Mae’r gof ar fin dychwelyd i’w efail) "Well ‘i mi roi'r troed gora mlaen'" ebe Huw, 'swybod ar y
ddaear na fydd o wedi gweld i wyn ar rwbath os bydd o acw o mlaen i. Mae o'n
meddwl fod pawb yn lladron, a lleidar weiddith lleidar gynta wyddoch
Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (= Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910)
(Situation: The smith is about to go back to his smithy) “I’d better put my
best foot forward,” said Huw. There’s no knowing whether he’ll take a fancy to
something if he’s down there before me. He thinks that everybody is a thief,
but a thief is always the first to accuse others of thieving (“a thief shouts
thief first”)
12
gweld golau dydd gyntaf first see
the light of day (= be born)
13
gweld blew eich llygad be seeing
things, imagine having seen something (“see the lashes of your eye”)
14
gweld ychydig iawn ar rywun see very
little of somebody
15
byw yn ddigon hen i weld (rhywbeth)
live to see (something), live long enough to see (something)
Yr oedd Lewis Lewis yn byw yn y ffermdy
yn ymyl y capel presennol, ond nis gwyddom iddo fyw yn ddigon hen i’w weled
Lewis Lewis lived in the farmhouse next to the present chapel but we don’t know
if he lived long enough to see it
16
mi ga i weld (non-commital answer) I
shall see, possibly
siaradi di efo fo? mi ga i weld
-will you talk to him? -I shall see
17
wel’ di see?, you see (< ‹ › weli
di)
:_______________________________.
gweld bai ar
‹ ›
1 consider someone to be at fault, think it the fault of, believe
the culprit to be, find fault with
y diafol yn gweld bai ar bechod
Satan rebuking sin, the devil denouncing evil (“the devil seeing defect on
sin”), someone doing something completely out of character
gweld bai arno ei hun blame herself
(“see blame on herself”)
Wela i ddim pwt o fai arno I don’t
blame him one bit (“I don’t see a least-bit of blame on him”)
gweld bai ar bopeth find fault with
everything (“see fault on everything”)
ETYMOLOGY: (gweld = to see) + (bai = defect, fault, blame) + (ar = on)
:_______________________________.
gweld eich
dyddiau gwell ‹ ›
1 bod wedi gweld eich dyddiau
gwell to have seen better days (“to have seen your better days”) = to be in
poor condition now compared in the past
Mae dy got law di wedi gweld eu dyddiau
gwell - beth am brynu un newydd? Your raincoat has seen better days - what
about buying a new one?
ETYMOLOGY: (gweld = to see) + (eich your) + (dyddiau days, plural of dydd
= day) + (gwell = better)
:_______________________________.
gweld oedran teg ‹ ›
1 live to a ripe old age
Fe welodd oedran teg
He had a long life, He lived to a ripe old age (“he saw a fair age”)
ETYMOLOGY: (gweld = see) + (oedran = age) + (teg = fair)
:_______________________________.
Gwêleryri
‹ ›
1 “view of Snowdonia”
street in Llandegfan, Môn
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + (Eryri name of a mountainous district in
Gwynedd, ‘Snowdonia’)
:_______________________________.
Gwelfenai
‹ ›
1 “view of the Menai Strait”
Street name in Niwbwrch, county of Môn
Gwêl Fenai < Gwêl y Fenai
(gwêl = view) + (yr definite article) + soft mutation +
(Menai = name of a strait separating
the island of Môn / Anglesey from the Welsh mainland)
:_______________________________.
Gwelfor
‹ ›
1 sea view (house name and street name)
Street name in:
..a/ Rhosgadfan (county of Gwynedd)
..b/ Cefncribwr (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
..c/ Dynfant (county of Abertawe)
..d/ Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
..e/ Y Tywyn-bach (county of Caerfyrddin)
..f/ Aber-gwaun (county of Penfro)
..g/ Caergybi (county of Môn) (“Gwelfor Avenue”)
..h/ Aberdyfi (county of Gwynedd) (“Gwelfor Terrace”)
..i/ Ystâd Gwelfor Cemais
(county of Môn) (name of a housing estate)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + soft
mutation + (môr = sea)
:_______________________________.
Gwelfryn
‹ ›
1 hill view (house name and street name)
Street name in:
..a/ Prestatyn (county of Y Fflint)
..b/ Mochdre, Baecolwyn (county of Conwy)
..c/ Llanymynech (county of Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + soft
mutation + (bryn = hill)
:_______________________________.
Gwêl-rheidol
‹ ›
1 Street name in Penparcau, Aberystwyth (county of Ceredigion)
ETYMOLOGY: (“view (of the river) Rheidol”)
(gwêl = view) + ( Rheidol = river name )
:_______________________________.
gwell
‹ › (adjective)
1 better
2 Daw pethau’n well Things will get
better, Things will work out (“things will come better”)
3 Mae
e’n well na’r sôn amdano Hes’s not as black as he’s painted, he’s not as
bad as people make him out to be (“he’s better than the talking about him”)
4 faint gwell how much
better off
(pa) faint = (what) quantity) + (gwell = better)
Tawn i’n neud hynny, faint gwell fyddwn
i wedyn? If I were to do that, how much better off would I be afterwards?
5 cyfarch gwell i to
greet
cyfarch gwell i’w gilydd to greet
each other
6 yn niffyg dim gwell for
want of anything better
7 newid er gwell a change for the better
newid er gwell to change for the better
8 Gwell hwyr na hwyrach Better late than never (“Better late than
(even) later”)
:_______________________________.
gwella
‹ › (verb)
1 to improve
2 bod cryn le i wella ar (rywbeth)
leave a lot to be desired (“to be a considerable place to improve on
something”)
:_______________________________.
gwelliant,
gwelliannau
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 improvement
:_______________________________.
Gwell nag athro yw arfer ‹ ›
1 Practice makes perfect
ETYMOLOGY: (“(it-is) better than a-teacher that-is practice”) (gwell = better) + (nag = than) + (athro =
teacher) + (yw = that-is) + (arfer = practice)
:_______________________________.
gwellt
‹ › mass noun
1 straw. See gwelltyn
:_______________________________.
gwelltach
‹ › verb
1 remnants of straw, useless bits of straw
ETYMOLOGY: (gwallt = straw) + (-ach, diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwelltyn
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwellt
‹ ›
1 blade of grass
gwellt = grass
also: glaswellt grass (glas = green) + soft mutation + (gwellt = grass)
2 piece of straw, single straw
gwellt = straw
3 drinking straw;
4 grass as food for cattle
Eseia 11:7 Y fuwch hefyd a’r arth a borant
ynghyd; eu llydnod a gydorweddant; y llew, fel yr ych, a bawr wellt
Isaiah 11:7 And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie
down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox.
5 adjective straw, made of
straw
het wellt straw hat
6 straw for packing goods in boxes
7 straw for thatching;
to gwellt thatched roof
ty to gwellt thatched cottage
Yr oedd yno hen dafarn wedi ei doi â
gwellt
There was an old tavern there thatched with straw
8 straw for weaving hats, baskets
cadair wellt straw-bottomed chair
het wellt straw hat
9 mae pob cnawd yn wellt
all flesh is grass (grass as a symbol of short existence, from the verse in
Isaiah)
Eseia 40:6 Y llef a ddywedodd,
Gwaeda. Yntau a ddywedodd, Beth a waeddaf? Pob cnawd sydd wellt, â’i holl odidowgrwydd
fel blodeuyn y maes (40:7) Gwywa y
gwelltyn, syrth y blodeuyn; canys ysbryd yr Arglwydd a chwythodd arno; gwellt
yn ddiau yw y bobl (40:8) Gwywa y
gwelltyn, syrth y blodeuyn; ond gair ein Duw ni a saif byth
Isaiah 40:6 The voice said, Cry. And he said, What shall I cry? All
flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field:
(40:7) The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: because the spirit of the LORD
bloweth upon it: surely the people is grass.
(40:8) The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our God shall
stand for ever.
10 gwellt gwely straw
used as bedding, used as stuffing for a mattress
matres wellt plural matresi gwellt straw mattress
bwyta gwellt eich gwely be on the breadline, be on the point of starvation,
not have enough to live on “eat the straw of your bed”
cyn feined â phetaech yn bwyta gwellt eich gwely (said of someone very
thin) "as thin as if you were eating the straw of your bed"
11 cydio mewn gwellt
clutch at straws, grasp at straws, do something unconvincing or ineffective out
of desperation (“get hold of straws”)
also: bachu mewn gwelltyn (“get hold
of a straw”)
12 mynd i’r gwellt =
(business) fail, go bankrupt
13 blodyn gwellt Helichrysum bracteatum straw flower
14 dyn gwellt man of
straw, man of little substance
15 craswellt dry grass (cras = dry) + soft mutation + (gwellt = grass)
16 gwneuthur priddfeini heb wellt
make bricks without straw (said of an attempt to make or do something without
the necessary materials) (from the Pharaoh’s command concerning the Israelites)
Exodus 5:7 Na roddwch mwyach wellt
i’r bobl i wneuthur priddfeini, megis o’r blaen; elont a chasglant wellt iddynt
eu hunain
Exodus 5:7 Ye shall no more give the people straw to make brick, as
heretofore; let them go and gather straw for themselves
17 tomwellt (literally
“dung grass”) mulch, decomposing vegetable matter and dung placed over earth to
reduce evaporation and wind erosion (tom
= shit, dung) + soft mutation + (gwellt
= straw, grass)
18 crafangu am wellt clutch
at straws (“claw for straws”), out of desperation, seek a solution to a
problem, although the proposed solution is unlikely to be successful
(crafangu = to claw) + (am = around; for) + soft mutation + (gwellt = straw)
19 gweunwellt meadowgrass,
a literal translation of English meadowgrass
(gweun- < gwaun = meadow) + soft mutation + (gwellt = grass)
gweunwellt oddfog (Poa bulbosa)
bulbous meadowgrass
20
crinwellt withered grass, parched
grass
(crin = withered, shrivelled) + soft
mutation + (gwellt = grass)
21
Hwnnw oedd y gwelltyn olaf ar gefn y camel this was the straw that broke the camel’s back, this
was the last straw (“this was the last straw on the back of the camel”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwellt < *gellt < British < Celtic. The
initial combination gw is possibly
the result of the influence of the word gwair
= grass, hay
From the same British root: Cornish gwels,
Breton geot (and gwelt on the island of Eusa, in French,
the island of “Ouessant”)
From the same Celtic root: Irish geilt
= grazing
:_______________________________.
gwely,
gwelyau
‹ › (masculine noun) North
Wales: plural = gwelâu ‹ ›
1. a piece of
furniture (for sleeping, resting, recovering from an illness, or awaiting
death)
gwely claf sick bed
gwely cystudd sickbed
gwely angau
deathbed = bed in which a person is on the point of death, or one i which a
person died
…cyffes wely
angau deathbed confession
orwedd ar y gwely to lie on the bed
codi'r ochr chwith i'r gwely to get up on the wrong side of the bed
codi'r ochr groes i'r gwely to get up on the wrong side of the bed
cadw'r gwely be ill in bed, be confined to bed,
be in bed, stay in bed
cadw’ch gwely be ill in bed, be confined to bed, be in bed, stay
in bed
aros yn y gwely stay in bed
gwely rebel makeshift bed (“bed (of)
(a) rebel”)
gwely glabsant makeshift bed, improvised bed < gwely gwylmabsant
(“bed (of) (a) parish wake”)
llechu yn y gwely lie in bed (“lurk in the bed”)
erchwyn y gwely the side of
the bed
marw yn eich
gwely to die in
one’s bed
ystafell wely bedroom
pen gwely bedhead
troed y gwely the foot of the bed (“the foot of…”)
traed y gwely the foot of the bed (“the feet of…”)
padell wely bedpan
post gwely bedpost
gwely codi press bed
gwely codi folding bed
gwely crog hammock
gwely difán divan bed
gwely dwbl double bed
gwely gefell twin bed = one of two
beds which form a pair
gwely plyg folding bed
gwely priodasol marriage bed,
matrimonial bed
gwely rhebel (South Wales) mattress
on floor
gwely pedwar postyn four-poster bed
gwely soffa sofa bed = a sofa which
can be folded out to form a bed
gwely olwynog bed on wheels
gwely haul sunbed = bed on which a person lies to receive
ultraviolet
light from a sunlamp in order to gain an artificial tan
gwely sengl single bed
2. bed = bedstead + mattress + bedclothes, the bed prepared for a
person to sleep in
taenu’r gwely make the bed
cyweirio gwely make the bed
gwneud y gwely make the bed
gwlychu'r gwely wet the bed
gwneud gwely hast make a hasty bed
dillad gwely bedclothes
gwely llaith damp bed
3. mattress
gwely plu feather bed,
gwely peiswn chaff bed
gwellt gwely (“straw (of) bed”) straw
used as bedding, used as stuffing for a mattress
gwely gwellt (“bed (of) straw”) straw bed
bwyta gwellt eich gwely be on the breadline,
be on the point of starvation, not have enough to live on (“eat the straw of
your bed”)
cyn feined â phetaech yn bwyta gwellt
eich gwely
(said of someone very thin) "as thin as if you were eating the straw of
your bed"
gwely plu 1 feather bed = mattress stuffed with feathers
2 feather bed = symbol of luxury, pampered state
gwely plu gwyddau goose-feather bed
= mattress stuffed with goose feathers
4. the bedstead on which the mattress rests
hen wely an old bedstead
ffrâm wely plural fframiau
gwelyau bedframe
gwely haearn iron bedstead
gwely pren wooden bedstead
5. bed = a place to sleep
bôn y clawdd oedd ei wely y noson honno
the base of the hedgebank
was his bed that night
6. the act of sleeping
amser gwely bedtime
mynd i'r gwely go to bed
troi i'r gwely go to bed
gwely a gwaith oedd hi pryd hynny it was bed and work in those days, it
was straight from bed to work, and from work to bed in those days, work and
sleep was all that people did (said of the hard life in the industrial areas)
7. bed as a place for sexual relations
Dwy ddim yn credu 'u
bod nhw'n cael llawer o flas gyda'i gilydd yn y gwely
I don’t think they get
much fun together in bed
cymar gwely bedfellow
8.
lodging, a bed used for a night
gwely a brecwast bed and breakfast = accommodation provided (often in an ordinary
house) for the night with breakfast the following morning
9. animal’s sleeping place
Dylid paratói gwely i’r ci wedi ei wneud o bapur wedi’i rwygo, hen flancedi neu wellt os yn
bosib
A bed should be prepared for the dog made of torn-up
paper, old blankets or straw if it is possible
10.
piece of ground in a garden where plants are cultivated
gwely wynwyn onion bed
gwely wynwns onion bed
Mae'n bwysig cadw'r gwely yn
llaith ar ôl i'r had egino It’s important to keep the bed moist after the
seeds sprout
gwely mefus strawberry bed
gwely tail hotbed (“bed (of) dung”)
gwely brwd hotbed (“bed + hot”)
gwely blodau flower bed
gwely shibols spring-onion bed
11. bed = place for breeding shellfish (oysters, mussels, cockles)
ENG-Z
gwely wystrys oyster bed
gwely cocos cockle bed
gwely misgl mussel bed
Gwely'r Misgl [ gwe -lir mis -gil]
(This is the standard form. One would expect the local pronunciation to be
Gwely’s Mishgil) (SJ2968) island 5km NW of Porth-cawl
12. bed = place where a stone, boulder lies
Tynnwyd y maen hir o'i wely gan anfadwyr un noson, ac fe’i
drylliwyd yn dri darn
The standing stone was pulled out of its bed by vandals one night, and it
was broken into three pieces
13. base of a stack (of hay, etc)
gadael i’r das wair gymryd ei gwely leave the haystack to settle (“take
its bed”)
14.. the bottom of a lake, river,
canal, sea,
gwely’r don (literary) the bottom of the sea,
the sea bed
gwely afon a river bed = channel in
which a river flows
gwely’r afon the river bed
gwely'r môr seabed
15.. a layer of rock; a stratum, deposit
gwely o wenithfaen bed of granite, granite bed
gwely o siâl shale bed
gwely o glai clay bed
y gwely llechfaen th slate bed
gwely o lo coal bed
y gwelyau halen yn Swydd Gaer the salt beds in Cheshire
welyau o gregyn beds of (fossilised) shellfish
y Gwely Coch Lower Cambrian Bed (“red bed”)
y Gwely Glas Middle Cambrian Bed (“blue bed”)
y Gwely Gwyrddlas Upper Cambrian Bed (“bluish-green bed”)
creigwely bedrock (“rock-bed”)
gwely gwrthban seam in carboniferous
limstone rock
16..earth or
rock foundation for a road or railway, or a gravel bed for the roadway.
gwely (railway) roadbed. trackbed =
foundation for the railway tracks
wrth wneud llwybre cerrig, mae angen hefyd tywod i wneud gwely i'r cerrig
when making a stone path, sand is also needed to make a bed for the stones
17. bed = (printing press) flat surface of a press on which the type
is laid
rhoi'r papur yn 'i wely put the paper to bed, prepare the newspaper for
printing
18. (obsolete) land of a family or tribe,
bed < resting place < permanent settlement < clan
19. (obsolete) family, clan, group of related people
gwelygordd kindred, lineage
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwely <
britànic *wo-leg-
*wo-lég- > Welsh *gwó-legh > *gwé-legh > gwel’gh > gwel’y
North Wales plural is gwlâu / gwelâu < gweláu < gwelýau
See t23 Some points of similarity in the phonology of Welsh and Breton;
T H Parry-Williams; 1913; Paris
Cornish gweli (= bed), Breton gwele (= bed)
Cf gwâl (= lair), lle (= place), tyle (= hill)
:_______________________________.
Gwêlycreuddyn
‹ ›
1 view of the Creuddyn (hill name)
Street name in Llanbedr Pont Steffan (county of Ceredigion)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + (y Creuddyn “the fort”, name of a hill)
:_______________________________.
Gwêl-y-don
‹ ›
1 sea view, view of the sea
Ystâd Gwêl-y-don Name of a housing
estate in Pentraeth (county of Môn)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (ton = wave; sea)
:_______________________________.
gwelyfod
1 childbed = confinement before giving birth, lying in bed until a child is
born
In South-east Wales as gwylyfod
mynd trwy ei gwelyfod be confined
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
Cornish gwolovoz, Breton gwilioud
:_______________________________.
gwelyfwr (m) bedfellow
In South-east Wales as gwylyfwr
ETYMOLOGY: gwylyfwr < gwylyfwr < gwylywr < gwelywr
:_______________________________.
Gwêlymynydd ‹ ›
1 view of the mountain / hill / highland Street name in
..1/ Llanberis (county of Conwy)
..2/ Caergybi (county of Môn)
..3/ Bwcle (county of Y Fflint)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + (y definite article) + (mynydd = hill, mountain, highland
pasture)
:_______________________________.
gwelywr See gwelyfwr
:_______________________________.
Gwêl-y-nant ‹ ›
1 name of a street in Bethesda (in the county of Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: (“view (of) (the) valley, view (of) (the) stream”)
(gwêl = view) + (y definite article) + (nant = valley, stream)
:_______________________________.
gwelyo
1 embed = fix in a surrounding mass
:_______________________________.
Gwêlyrwyddfa
‹ ›
1 View of Yr Wyddfa, Snowdon View
Street name in Porthaethwy (county of Môn)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + (yr Wyddfa mountain name, “the grave”,
Snowdon)
:_______________________________.
Gwêlystwyth
‹ › -;;)
1 view of the river Ystwyth
Street name in Llanafan (county of Ceredigion)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + ( Ystwyth = sinuous, winding)
:_______________________________.
gwen ‹ › adjective
1 feminine form of gwyn
(= white; brilliant, beautiful, pure, sacred)
(1) As a first element in compound words with a feminine main element
gweniaith (= flattery), < iaith (= language)
Gwenfron (woman’s name, = fair
breast), < (bron = breast)
gwengraig (= white rock), < craig = rock, cliff)
(2) Adjective (in the form wen, having
soft mutation after a feminine noun)
y ddafad wen the white sheep
Afon-wen (place name) white river
(3) With the form soft-mutated form wen
as a second element in compound words after a feminine main element
Bronwen (woman’s name, = fair
breast), < (bron = breast)
2 heulwen sunshine
(heul, tonic syllable form of haul) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white, shining). In modern Welsh
haul is a masculine noun, but in
older Welsh it was feminine
3 First element in place names based on a masculine noun (apparently
the vowel y has opened out into e inexplicably)
Gwenddwr (village in Powys) (dwr =
water, stream)
Gwendraeth (river in county of
Caerfyrddin) (traeth = seaside beach, river beach)
:_______________________________.
Gwen
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name -it is the first element
of names in Gwen- used on its own (Gwenddolen, Gwenlliain, etc)
:_______________________________.
gwen-
‹ › in
masculine names
1 ‘white, fair’ First element in masculine names from the medieval
and pre-medieval period
Gwenwynwyn (died 1216), a ruler of
the southern portion of old Powys, based in Y Trallwng (Welshpool),
Gwenddolau (500s, chieftain in
territories in present-day Cumbria and Scotland)
Gwengad (cad = battle)
Gwenabwy
2 First element in place names based on a masculine noun
Gwenddwr (village in Powys) (dŵr
= water, stream)
Gwendraeth (river in county of
Caerfyrddin) (traeth = seaside beach, river beach)
3 First element in male given names in the modern period
Gwenlyn
Also the bardic name Gwenallt
David James Jones 1899-1968, from name of his native place Yr Allt-wen (fair
wood) with elements reversed
:_______________________________.
gwên, gwênau
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 smile
y wên the smile
2 yn wên o glust i glust ‹ › (phrase) with a broad smile
gwên o glust bwy gilydd a
smile from one ear to the other,a smile
from ear to ear
Daeth atynt yn wên o glust bwy gilydd
He came up to them with a smile from one ear to the other
3 gwenu to smile
:_______________________________.
gwenci
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwencïod
‹ ›
NOTE: In South Wales, there are the following variants: wenci, weinci, winci
1 weasel = animal with reddish-brown fur, elongated body and neck,
short legs: especially Mustela nivalis
= European weasel
2
fierce little person
3
(South Wales) busy person
4 mor
wancus â winci “as greedy as a weasel”
5
mor chwim â winci “as nimble / rapid
as a weasel”
ETYMOLOGY: gwenci < *gwenc-gi (“greed-dog”, greedy dog) (gwanc = greed) + soft mutation + (ci = dog)
:_______________________________.
gwencyn
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwangod
‹ ›
1 (South-west Wales) (Salmo trutta ) sea trout sewin, sea trout
See gwangen
ETYMOLOGY: gwencyn < gwengyn
(gwanc = greed) + (-yn suffix to make a noun from an
adjective)
(vowel change a > e under the influence of the y in the final syllable)
:_______________________________.
Gwenda
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name
:_______________________________.
Gwenddolen
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name (gwen white) + soft mutation + (dolen
= link in a chain)
:_______________________________.
gwendid,
gwendidau
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 weakness
gwendid gwaredol a redeeming vice
2 weakness = fondness, inability to resist a temptation
:_______________________________.
gwendon ‹ › feminine
noun
PLURAL gwendonnau
‹ ›
1 white-crested wave, foaming wave
(a) Bronwendon house name in Ffordd
Conwy, Penmaen-mawr SH7176
(b) Bronywendon Llan, Baecolwyn,
county of Conwy (“Llan” is apparently Llanddulas SH9078)
(c) Glanwendon street name in Tywyn
SH5800 (county of Gwynedd)
(d) Wendon name of a seafront gift
shop in Aberdaron SH1726
(e) occurs in a street name in Amlwch SH4493, county of Môn (the English name
is ‘Wendon Drive’; the Welsh name would be Ffordd
Wendon, or merely (Y) Wendon)
(f) Wendon name of a café in SH5182
Benllech, Tyn-y-gongl, county of Môn
ETYMOLOGY: ‘white wave’ (gwen =
feminine form of gwyn = blanc ) +
soft mutation + (ton = wave)
:_______________________________.
Gweneira
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name (white + snow)
:_______________________________.
Gwener,
Gwenerau
‹ ›
(1) (masculine noun) Venus (planet),
(2) (feminine noun) Venus (Roman goddess)
(3) dydd Gwener = Friday
Gwener y Grog (literary)
(“Friday (of) the crucifixion”) Good Friday.
Usually Dydd Gwener y Groglith
:_______________________________.
gwenerol
›
1 venereal
:_______________________________.
Gwenfair
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name (white + Virgin Mary)
:_______________________________.
gwenfflam
‹ › adjective
1 blazing, ablaze, in flames
2
gyrru (rhywun) yn wenfflam = send
someone into a towering rage
3
mynd yn wenfflam go up in flames,
burst into flames
ETYMOLOGY: (gwen feminine form of gwyn = white) + (fflam = flame)
:_______________________________.
Gwenffrwd
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 place name (“white torrent”)
:_______________________________.
Gwenffrewi
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name. See Gwenfrewi
:_______________________________.
Gwenfrewi
‹ › (feminine noun) woman’s
name.
Ffynnon Wenfrewi, called St.
Winifred’s Well in English – is situated in Treffynnon in north-east Wales
(“well-town”, from this well)
:_______________________________.
gwenfro
‹ › feminine
noun
1 (obsolete) fair land
2 (obsolete) paradise
3
Afon Gwenfro SJ3050 = river in the
town of Wrrecsam, north-east Wales
4
Wenfro street name in Abergele
(county of Conwy)
“y wenfro” (y definite article) +
soft mutation + (gwenfro = fair
land, paradise)
(In place names, the definite article is often dropped, though the mutation it
may have triggered remains)
5
Y Wenfro house name (written “Y Wen
Fro”) in Llan-daf (county of Caer-dydd) (in the list of members in “The
Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)
6 Afon Gwenfro SJ3050 =
river in the town of Wrecsam, north-east Wales
Also in street names in the county of Wrecsam
..a/ Gwenfro a street name in the
city of Wrecsam
..b/ Bryngwenfro (“hill (overlooking
the) Gwenfro (river)”) (“Bryn Gwenfro”)
Street name in Tan-y-fron, Wrecsam
..c/ “Gwenfro Cottages” in Southsea, Wrecsam (Welsh name: if no current name
exists, a translation of the English name would be Tai Gwenfro)
..d/ “Gwenfro Terrace” in Tan-y-fron, Wrecsam (Welsh name: if no current name
exists, a translation of the English name would be Rhestai Gwenfro or Teras
Gwenfro)
6 gwenfro'r gwirion fool's
paradise, a state of unreal optimism or unrealistic faith in future luck
ETYMOLOGY: (gwen = feminine form of gwyn = white, fair, pleasant) + soft
mutation + (bro = district)
:_______________________________.
Gwenfron
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name (white / fair + breast)
:_______________________________.
gwengyn
‹ › masculine
noun
PLURAL gwangod
‹ ›
1 (South-west Wales) (Salmo trutta) sewin, sea trout
See gwangen
ETYMOLOGY: gwencyn > gwengyn (gwanc = greed) + (-yn
suffix to make a noun from an adjective) (vowel change a > e under the
influence of the y in the final
syllable
:_______________________________.
Gwenhwyseg
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 Gwentian, dialect of south-east Wales
(from Gwennhwys = the Gwent men)
:_______________________________.
gweniaith
‹ › feminine noun
1 flattery, smooth talk, cajolery, palaver; (archaic: fair words)
y weniaith the flattery
ETYMOLOGY: ‘fair language’ (gwen =
feminine form of gwyn = white, fair,
pleasant) + (iaith = language)
:_______________________________.
gwenieithio
‹ ›
1 to flatter
:_______________________________.
gwenieithiwr
‹ › masculine noun
1 flatterer
:_______________________________.
gwenieithus
‹ › adjective
1 flattering
:_______________________________.
gwenith
‹ ›
1 Triticum aestivum wheat,
‘bread wheat’
2 gwenith y gaeaf or gwenith gaeaf winter wheat, wheat sown
in the autumn
gwenith y gwanwyn or gwenith gwanwyn spring wheat
3 bara gwenith wheaten
bread, wheat bread
blawd gwenith wheat flour
Bugeilio’r Gwenith Gwyn (folksong)
“watching over the white wheat”. See kimkat0072c
bywyn gwenith wheatgerm
gwellt gwenith wheat straw
y gwenith a’r efrau the wheat and
the tares (i.e. the useful and the useless, what is useful and what is useless)
gwenith barfog bearded wheat
(Triticum turgidum)
gwenith col (North Wales) (“wheat
(of) ear”) bearded wheat (Triticum turgidum)
gwenith coliog (North Wales) (“eared
wheat”) bearded wheat (Triticum turgidum)
gwenith cyflawn whole wheat,
wholemeal
gwenithdir land for growing wheat
gwenith du (“black wheat”) Fagopyrum
esculentum; a literal translation of Breton “gwinizh-du”; in Brittany it is
used in the preparation of crêpes
gwenithen grain of wheat
gwenithfaen granite (“wheat-stone”)
gwenith garw rough-eared wheat
gwenith gwineugoch (South-east
Wales) brown wheat
gwenith gwyn bach short-stemmed
wheat
gwenith yn ehedig wheat in the ear
gwenith yn tywysennu wheat in the
ear (“wheat (which is) forming ears”)
gwenith yr hydd (“wheat of the
stag”) buckwheat = Fagopyrum esculentum; annual Asian plant; its small
edible triangular seeds are used whole or ground into flour. (Another name in
English is ‘sarassin’ < French ‘sarassin’ < ‘blé sarassin’ = Saracen's
corn)
hau cae â gwenith to sow a field
with wheat
hau gwenith to sow wheat
llyngyren y gwenith col wheatworm
tir gwenith land for growing wheat
ysgub wenith, plural ysgubau gwenith wheatsheaf
4 gwenith y gog (“wheat
(of) the cuckoo”) Ranunculus ficaria – lesser celandine (standard name
is Llygad Ebrill ‘eye of April’. Gwenith y gog is one of the many other
popular names for it)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwenith <
British *wo-nikt-
From the same British root: Cornish gwenith
(= wheat), Breton gwinizh (= wheat)
From the same Celtic root *nikt:
Irish cruithneacht (= wheat)
NOTE: Pererindodwr (A Treatise on the
Chief Peculiarities that Distinguish the Cymraeg, as Spoken by the Inhabitants
of Gwent and Morganwg Respectively, Archaeologia Cambrensis, ?1856) notes
that the form east of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr is gwinith
:_______________________________.
Gwenith
‹ › feminine noun
1 woman's name
ETYMOLOGY: ‘wheat’; see gwenith
:_______________________________.
gwenithdir PLURAL gwenithdiroedd
‹ › masculine noun
1 land where wheat is grown
ETYMOLOGY: ‘wheat-land’ (gwenith =
wheat ) + soft mutation + ( tir =
land)
:_______________________________.
gwenithfaen
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwenithfeini
‹ ›
1 granite
gwenithfaen coch red granite
gwenithfaen du black granite
gwenithfaen glas blue granite
gwenithfaen gwyn white granite
ETYMOLOGY: ‘wheat-stone’ (gwenith =
wheat) + soft mutation + (maen =
stone)
NOTE: (North Wales) gwnithfan ‹ ›
:_______________________________.
gwenithfryn PLURAL gwenithfryniau
‹ › masculine noun
1 “wheat hill”
Gwenithfryn name of a township in Ynys Môn
ETYMOLOGY: ‘wheat-hill’ (gwenith =
wheat ) + soft mutation + (bryn =
hill)
:_______________________________.
Gwenllian
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name (white / fair + linen
cloth)
:_______________________________.
Gwennan
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name
:_______________________________.
Gwenno
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name
:_______________________________.
gwennol,
gwenoliaid
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 swallow
y wennol the swallow
Un wennol ni wna wanwyn One swallow
does not make a summer (“make a spring”)
:_______________________________.
gwennol ddu,
gwenoliaid duon
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 swift (“black swallow”)
:_______________________________.
gwennol y môr
‹ › feminine
noun
PLURAL gwenoliaid
y môr ‹ ›
1 (Sterna hirundo) common tern
Standard name: môr-wennol gyffredin
2 Gwennol y Môr street
name in Y Barri (county of Bro Morgannwg)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) swallow (of) the sea”, sea swallow)
(gwennol = swallow) + (y = definite article) + (môr = sea)
:_______________________________.
Gwenogfryn ‹ › masculine noun
1 personal name (“hill (of) Gwennog”); name used by (and probably
devised by) John Gwenogvryn Evans, editor of medieval Welsh texts, (1852-1930),
born in Llanybydder in the county of Caerfyrddin but brought up in Llanwennog
in Ceredigion.
(Gwennog – the name of the saint commemorated in the village name Llanwennog,
“church (of) Gwennog”) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill).
As a place name a more natural form would be Bryngwennog but in forming
personal names from existing place names or hypothetical place names the
elements were sometimes reversed)
The use of “v” instead of “f” in some cases indicated support for a proposed
spelling change advocated in the 1800s but finally abandoned – the use of “v”
for ‹ ›, and “f” for ‹ ›, as in English and other European languages, to
replace Welsh”f” for ‹ › and “ff” for ‹ ›.
This might be the reason for “Gwenogvryn” instead of “Gwenogfryn”.
:_______________________________.
gwenoli
‹ › verb
1 shuttle = move back and forth like a shuttle
2 ras gyfnewid wenoli
shuttle relay race, a race where runners move from a point A to a point B, and
on crossing the line another runner of the same team runs back to point A, and
so on
ETYMOLOGY: (gwenol- penult form of gwennol = swallow, shuttle) + (-i suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwenu
‹ › (verb)
1 to smile
2
gwenu gydag ymdrech force a smile
(“smile with an effort”)
3
gwenu o glust bwygilydd to smile
from one ear to the other / to smile
from ear to ear
Roedd yn gwenu o glust bwygilydd He
was smiling from one ear to the other
:_______________________________.
gwenwisg ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwenwisgoedd ‹ ›
1 surplice = ecclesiastical robe
y wenwisg the surplice
Bu’r offeiriad yn pregethu yn ei wenwisg
The priest preached in his surplice
tynnu’r wenwisg oddiam offeirad
defrock a priest, expel a priest from the priesthood (“pull / remove the
surplice from around the priest”)
2
(Dwyfor, district in western Gwynedd) “bishops (of) Bangor”
esgobion Bangor yn eu gwenwisg “bishops
(of) Bangor in their surplice”
large white clouds on a clear day indicating a coming storm
ETYMOLOGY: (gwen feminine form of gwyn = white ) + soft mutation + (gwisg = garment)
:_______________________________.
gwenwlad
‹ › (f)
1
heaven, paradise
ETYMOLOGY: “white / blessed / fair land” (gwlad
= country, land) + soft mutation + (gwen,
feminine form of gwyn = white /
blessed / fair )
NOTE: Cf gwladwen (= heaven,
paradise), with the same elements reversed
:_______________________________.
gwenwyn
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 poison
2
jealousy
(North) bod wenwyn i be jealous of
Mae o wenwyn imi he’s jealous of me
3 yn ei wenwyn (crop - grass, etc)
unripe; (animal) not fully grown, immature
gwerthu buwch yn ei gwenwyn sell a
cow before it is fully mature
:_______________________________.
gwenwynig
‹ ›
1 poisonous
:_______________________________.
gwenwynllyd
‹ ›
1 poisonous
:_______________________________.
gwenwyno
‹ ›
1 to poison
:_______________________________.
gwenynen,
gwenyn (feminine noun)
‹
›
1 bee
y wenwynen the bee
:_______________________________.
gwenynwr,
gwenynwyr
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 beekeeper
:_______________________________.
gweog ‹ › adjective
1 woven
:_______________________________.
gweol
‹ › adjective
1 woven
2
neologism of the worldwide web – in
imitation of the following nouns and their derived adjectives
deau (= south), deheuol (= southern)
lle (= place), lleol (= local);
teulu (= family), teuluol (= belonging to a family);
Y Geiriadur Gweol The Web Dictionary
(what we formerly called this dictionary – not a good name. Now it is Y
Gwe-eiriadur – hardly an improvement)
3
gweolion ‹ › plural noun textiles
ETYMOLOGY: (gwe = woven cloth, web)
+ (-ol = suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwep
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 face, appearance on one’s face, grimace
y wep the grimace
tynnu gwep pull a face
:_______________________________.
gwepian
‹ › verb
1 pout, make faces
:_______________________________.
gwêr ‹ › masculine noun
1 tallow = fatty tissue
2 tallow = fatty tissue of sheep or cows melted down and used for
making candles and soap
gwêr cannwyll tallow for making
candles, candle grease
3 suet, fat = fatty tissue of sheep or cows melted down and used for
cooking
gwêr dafad mutton fat
gwêr eidion beef suet
4 similar substance to this
gwêr llysiau vegetable tallow
5 adjective tallow, made
of tallow
cannwyll wêr, plural canhwyllau gwêr tallow candle
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *wer
< *awer (= water, rain, river)
From the same Celtic root: Irish geir
= tallow, suet
:_______________________________.
gwera
‹ › verb
1 to drip tallow, collect dripping tallow
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêr = tallow) + (-a, suffix for forming verbs with the
meaning of ‘to collect’)
:_______________________________.
gwerdd
›
1 feminine form of gwyrdd = green
:_______________________________.
gwerddon ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwerddonau
‹ ›
1 green spot
y werddon the green spot
Y Werddon place name, Wrecsam
(English name: Island Green)
2 oasis = place with water and trees in a desert
3 (figurative) oasis = place regarded as being like an oasis,
pleasant place in unattractive or uninteresting surroundings
Pan oedd y tîm yn chwarae yn Sir y
Fflint fe fyddai’n mynd ar ôl y gêm i werddon ardderchog o’r enw Mountain View
ym Mochdre
When the team was playing in the county of Fflint it would go after the game to
a splendid oasis (i.e. a pub) called Mountain View in Mochdre
ETYMOLOGY: two possible explanations:
(gwerdd, feminine form of gwyrdd = green) + (-on, suffix);
otherwise from Iwerddon
(colloquially sometimes Y Werddon) =
Ireland
:_______________________________.
gwerfa ‹ › feminine noun
South-east Wales
1 sheltered place for cattle from the sun
y werfa the sheltered spot
(1) Y Werfa name of a mansion in
Aber-nant, Aber-dâr (English name: Werfa House), and of a former colliery here;
Twyn y Werfa hill by Y Werfa (“(the)
hill (of) Y Werfa”)
(2) Y Werfa place on the south side
of the road between Cwm-parc (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) and Blaengwynfi
(county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan), near Bwlch yr Afan and Twyn Crug yr Afan
(3) Maesywerfa farm east of
Bryncethin, county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (“(the) field (of) the shelter”)
(4) Wyrfa Uchaf farm in Y Rugos
(county of Rhondda Cynon Taf), and by here Cwm
Wyrfa
ETYMOLOGY: göoerfa (literally “very
cool / cold place”) > gwerfa (with
a further development > gwyrfa; the replacement of the
original vowel in this position by the obscure vowel is not unusual in Welsh,
and is frequent in south-eastern Welsh)
(go = intensifying prefix) + (oerfa
= cool place); this latter word is (oer
= cold, cool; -fa = place)
:_______________________________.
gwerin
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 y werin =
the ordinary people
cân werin = folk song
:_______________________________.
gweriniaeth,
gweriniaethau
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 republic
y weriniaeth = the republic
:_______________________________.
gweriniaethol
‹ › (adjective)
1 republican
:_______________________________.
gweriniaetholdeb
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 republicanism
:_______________________________.
gweriniaethwr,
gweriniaethwyr
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 republican
:_______________________________.
gwerinol
‹ › (adjective)
1 belonging to / characteristic of the
ordinary people
:_______________________________.
gwerinos
‹ › (feminine noun or plural
noun)
1 the ordinary people (gwerin + -os; can
be disparaging or affectionate)
y werinos / y gwerinos = the
ordinary people
:_______________________________.
gwerinwr,
gwerinwyr
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 one of the ordinary people; countryman
2 in chess, a pawn
:_______________________________.
gwerllyd ‹ › adjective
1 tallowy, greasy
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêr = tallow
) + (-llyd adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwerlod
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 a southern form of gweirglodd
hay meadow
y werlod = the hay meadow
See gweirglodd
2 “pen y werlod” “(the) end / edge (of) the haymeadow”
“Penywerlod Road”, street name in Markham, Y Coed-duon (county of Caerffili)
The Welsh name would be Heol Penywerlod
(pen = end) + soft mutation + (gwerlod, a southern form of gweirglodd = hay meadow)
:_______________________________.
gwern
‹ › feminine
noun
PLURAL gwernydd,
gwerni ‹ ›
1 alder grove, alder wood
y wern = the alder grove
2 alder marsh, swamp, marsh, quagmire
3 meadow = wet meadow
4 moor
5 Gwernydd street name in
Gerlan, Bethesda (county of Gwynedd)
6 Gwernydd SJ0802 locality in Llanwyddelan, district of Maldwyn (county
of Powys)
7 Y Wernydd various place names (with soft mutation after the
definite article)
8 wern soft mutated form
of gwern (= alder wood, alder grove;
alder swamp, wet ground; meadow; moor)
y wern the alder swamp
Used in some place names as a radical from instead of gwern
Wernywylan (“Wern y Wylan”) (“(the)
moor / wet ground (of) the seagull”)
Street name
..a/ Llandudno, county of Conwy
..b/ Cricieth, county of Gwynedd
(the expected form would be gwern y
gwylan)
Other words with the soft-mutated form used as the radical: gwaun / waun (= heathland), ban / fan (= cim)
ETYMOLOGY: Extension of the meaning of the collective noun gwern (= alder trees).
See gwernen
:_______________________________.
gwerndir,
gwerndiroedd
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 land with alders
:_______________________________.
gwernen,
gwern
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 alder tree
y wernen = the alder tree
ETYMOLOGY: (gwern = alder trees) + (-en singulative
suffix)
gwern < British *vern-
The Gaulish word related to modern Welsh gwern has given vern (= alder
tree) in Catalan, and French dialect verne (= alder tree) (alder tree is
an unrelated word aune in standard French), hence places in France
called Verne, Vernay, Verney, Vernier, Vernette, etc
:_______________________________.
Y Gwernllwyn
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 alder grove (place name)
:_______________________________.
gwernog
‹ › (adjective) (feminine noun)
1 full of alders;
2 (feminine noun) alder swamp
y wernog = the alder swamp
:_______________________________.
gwernos
‹ › feminine
noun
PLURAL gwernosydd
‹ ›
1 small alders, stunted alders
2 Gwernos Street name in
Treforus, county of Abertawe
3 Y Wernos
..a/ locality near Crucadarn in the district of Brycheiniog (county of Powys)
..b/ locality near Rhydaman (county of Caerfyrddin)
4 Y Wernas-deg locality
in Beddgelert (county of Gwynedd)
y wernas deg < y wernos deg
(“fair small alders”)
(There are other examples in Welsh of the change o > a in final
syllables. See a)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwern = alders, alder
trees) + (-os suffix for forming
diminutives of collective nouns, especially those of certain plants). Such
words with –os are used as if feminine singular nouns, hence soft
mutation after the definite article.
:_______________________________.
Gwern-y-go
‹ ›
1 SO2291
locality in Y Sarn, Y Drenewydd, district
of Maldwyn (county of Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (without reference to earlier forms) (“(the’) alder swamp
/ meadow (of) the smith”)
(gwern = alder swamp / meadow) + (y = definite article)+ (go, northern form of gof = smith)
:_______________________________.
gwerog ‹ › adjective
1 tallowy, greasy
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêr = tallow
) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwers
‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwersi
‹ ›
1 lesson = class
y wers the lesson
rhoi gwersi Cymraeg i oedolion give
Welsh classes to adults
2 lesson = example of behaviour, attitudes or an action considered
worthy of imitation
Mae ei ddatganiadau i’r wasg yn wers i
bawb ohonom ar sut i gadw ein polisïau yn llygaid y cyhoedd yn gyson
His declarations to the press are a lesson to all of us on how to keep our
policies in the public eye constantly
3 lesson = humiliating experience which causes somebody to alter
behaviour
cael gwers gan receive a lesson from
dysgu gwers i teach a lesson to
Fe fydd yn wers iddi It’ll be a
lesson for her
Buasai’n well i ni ddysgu gwers fach
iddo i’w atgoffa fo pwy yw’r bòs yn y fan hyn
we ought to teach him a lesson to remind him who’s the boss here
4 lecture = reprimand, telling off, dressing down, etc which serves
too change one’s behaviour
Anghofia i byth y wers mewn bod yn onest
ges i gyno fo pan oeddwn yn blentyn
I shall never forget the lesson in honesty I received from him when I was a
child
5 lesson = experience which provides someone with useful knowledge
6
penydwers punishment; an extra
school lesson as a punishment, in the lunch break or after the normal school
day (penyd = penance) + soft
mutation + (gwers = lesson)
Nid oedd gennym wersi Cymraeg yn yr
ysgol, ond fel penydwers
We didn’t have Welsh lessons at school, except as a punishment class
7 obsolete verse
8 district of Llyn in the
county of Gwynedd verse in the Bible, Biblical verse
9 county of Y Fflint religious
service
gwers gladdu burial service
10 obsolete period, while,
space of time
ym mhen gwers after a while
In his Archaeologia Britannica (1707) Edward Lhuyd notes: Ym pen gvers, a while
after. This is still retain’d in the Counties of Monmouth, Hereford, Brecknoc,
and Glamorg.
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin versus (= verse, line, row) < vertere (= to turn)
From the same British root: Cornish gwers
(= verse), Breton gwers (= period of
time), gwerz (= verse)
From the same Latin root: Irish fearsa
(= verse)
:_______________________________.
gwerslyfr
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerslyfrau
‹ ›
1 textbook, lesson book
ETYMOLOGY: (gwers = lesson) + soft
mutation + (llyfr = book)
:_______________________________.
gwersyll
‹ › m
PLURAL gwersylloedd
‹ ›
1 campsite
2 camp
3 gwersyll difodi extermination camp
gwersylloedd difodi’r Natsïaid
the Nazi extermination camps
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwersyll (camp <
lookout place) < gwarsyll (gwar < gwor = on) + (syll-,
stem syllu = to look). The y of the final syllable has caused the
vowel change in the preceding syllable a
> e, which happened regularly in
Welsh
:_______________________________.
gwersyll ffoaduriaid ‹ › m
PLURAL gwersylloedd
ffoaduriaid ‹ ›
1
refugee camp
ETYMOLOGY: (gwersyll = camp) + (ffoaduriaid = refugees, < ffoadur = refugee)
:_______________________________.
gwersyll mynd-a-dod ‹ › m
1
transit camp
ETYMOLOGY: (gwersyll = camp) + (mynd a dod = go and come)
:_______________________________.
gwersyll ysgol ‹ › m
PLURAL gwersylloedd
ysgol ‹ ›
1
school camp
mynd i wersyll ysgol go to school camp
ETYMOLOGY: (gwersyll = camp) + (ysgol = school)
:_______________________________.
gwersylla
‹ › (verb)
1 to camp
:_______________________________.
gwersyllt
‹ ›
1
camp; See: gwersyll
ETYMOLOGY: gwersyll (= camp) + (non-
ETYMological -t)
Cf deall (= to understand) > dallt (North Wales)
:_______________________________.
Gwersyllt ‹ ›
1
SJ3152 locality in Wrecsam Maelor (Clwyd)
ETYMOLOGY: gwersyll (= camp) +
(non-etymological -t)
Cf deall (= to understand) > dallt (North Wales)
This is the APPARENT meaning. In fact it is a Cymricisation of the English
place name Wershull (1315) (=
gallows hill) (Llafar Gwlad, Haf 1985, Rhif 9)
The name “Wershull” came to be associated with Welsh gwersyll (= camp)
So in fact (gwersyll = Welsh word for “camp” which displaced Wershull) +
(non-etymological -t)
NOTE: English words with intial w-
regularly became gw- in Welsh
wall > gwal (= wall)
waistcoat > gwasgod (= waistcoat)
Westberie (1086 > Gwesbyr - village in the county of Y
Fflint)
Wrexham > Gwrecsam (town in the
north-east; though Wrecsam is now
used in contemporary Welsh)
:_______________________________.
gwersyllu
‹ › (verb)
1 to camp
:_______________________________.
gwersyllwr
‹ ›
1 camper
:_______________________________.
gwerth,
gwerthoedd
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 value, worth
ar werth – for sale
o ddim gwerth = worthless, not worth
anything
2 faint bynnag fo’i werth
whatever it may be worth, whatever its worth
3 os yw o ryw werth if
it’s of any interest to you, for what it’s worth, if it’s of any use to you, if
it’ll help you at all
Fe weda i wrtho ti beth oodd ’nhad-cu yn
’feddwl am y Blaid Lafur yn y Cwm hyn, os yw o ryw werth
I’ll tell you what my grandad thought of the Labour Party in this valley, if
it’s of any worth
4 worth (in indicating value in terms of price)
gwerth iwro o glipiau papur a euro’s
worth of paper clips
5 Dyw e ddim yn werth y
fenter no val la pena de córrer tant de perill
6 Mae pob sylw yn werth ei
gael All publicity is good publicity (“every observation is worth its
getting”)
7 faint bynnag fo’i werth
for what it’s worth ,
whatever it may be worth, although it is probably not of any importance
beth bynnag fo’i werth for what it’s
worth ,
whatever it may be worth
beth bynnag fo gwerth hynny for what it’s worth
Dyna fy marn innau, beth bynnag fo’i
werth That’s my view, for what it’s worth
:_______________________________.
gwerth arian ‹ ›
1 valuable, expensive, worth a fortune
Fe gawson nhw anrhegion gwerth arian
They received some expensive presents
gwerth arian o a fortune (in...)
prynu gwerth arian o bethach spend a
fortune on things (“buy a fortune of things”)
Mae gwerth arian o stampie yn 'i
gasgliad He’s got a stamp collection that’s worth a fortune
Mae gwerth arian o lyfrau yn y bocsus
‘ma There’s a fortune in books in these boxes
ETYMOLOGY: (gwerth = value) + (arian = money)
:_______________________________.
gwerth eich
pwysau mewn aur ‹ › adjectival
1 worth one’s weight in gold
:_______________________________.
gwerth eich
cofio ‹ › adjectival
1 worth remembering (“worth your remembering”) ;
Dywediad gwerth ei gofio yw hwn This
is a saying worth remembering
:_______________________________.
gwerth eich
halen ‹ › adjectival
1 bod gwerth eich halen
a) be worth one’s salt = deserving respect or admiration
pawb gwerth ei halen anybody who’s
anybody (“everybody worth his salt”) ;
Mae’n ymddangos fod pawb gwerth ei halen
yn Lloegr yn nabod ysbïwr
It seems that anyone worth their salt in England knows a spy
b) be worth one’s salt = be genuine, worthy of the description, efficient in
one’s job
Bydd unrhyw leidr gwerth ei halen yn
torri i mewn i’ch ty tra eich bod allan ar nos Sadwrn
any thief worth his salt will
break into your house while you are out on Saturday night
c) be worth one’s salt = (employee) be worthy, of one’s pay, work well for
one’s salary
d) be worth one’s salt = be valuable, be useful
2 dyw e ddim gwerth ei halen
he’s a worthless character, he’s useless (“he’s not worth his salt”)
ETYMOLOGY: bod gwerth eich halen “be
worth one’s salt”; originally worth the value of salt that one consumes - at
one time a very expensive commodity. Compare the English expression ‘be worth
your weight in gold”
:_______________________________.
gwerth eich
punnoedd ‹ › adjectival
1 loaded, rich;
Mae’n werth ei bunnoedd He’s
stinking rich (“he’s worth his pounds”)
:_______________________________.
gwerthfa
‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwerthféydd
‹ ›
1 outlet, retail outlet, point of sale, selling place
y werthfa the outlet
:_______________________________.
gwerthfawr
‹ › adjective
1 valuable = of great monetary value
carreg werthfawr precious stone
2 valuable, valued = of great importance;
aelod gwerthfawr o’r gymdeithas a
valued member of the organisation
3 valuable = very useful
llyfr taith gwerthfawr a defnyddiol iawn
a very valuable and useful guidebook;
Mae’r Samariaid yn rhoi gwasanaeth
eithriadol werthfawr The Samaritans provide an extremely valuable service
:_______________________________.
gwerthfawrogi
‹ › verb with an object
1 appreciate = feel thankful for
2 appreciate = value highly; see the true value of; praise, eulogise
3 appreciate = be sensitive to (the qualities of art, music)
Dyw hi ddim yn gwerthfawrogi’r math
hwnnw o gerddoriaeth She doesn’t appreciate that sort of music
:_______________________________.
gwerthfawrogiad
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthfawrogiadau
‹ ›
1 appreciation = gratitude
2 appreciation = assessment of the true value of a person or thing;
praise
Bu farw ddeufis yn ôl ond ni welais yr
un gair o werthfawrogiad iddi yn unman
She died two months ago but I haven’t seen one word of appreciation for her
anywhere
3 appreciation = sensitivity (to the qualities of art, music)
:_______________________________.
gwerthfawrogol
‹ › adjective
1 appreciative
:_______________________________.
gwerth gwaed
‹ › masculine noun
1 rhoi gwerth gwaed to
spare no effort (am = to do
something) (“to give the value of blood”)
:_______________________________.
gwerthiant
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthiannau
‹ ›
1 sale
2 (newspaper) sales, circulation;
Mae gwerthiant y ‘Cymro’ wedi mynd i
lawr yn ddiweddar
Sales of the “Cymro” have decreased recently
:_______________________________.
gwerth marchnad
‹ › masculine noun
1 market value = price at which something could be sold determined
by the strength of demand, rather than than the price based on its presumed
value
:_______________________________.
gwerthol
‹ › feminine noun
North Wales
See: gwarthol = stirrup
:_______________________________.
gwerth sôn
amdano ‹ › adjectival
after a feminine noun: werth sôn
amdani
1 worth talking about, worth mentioning, to speak of, worthy of the
name
Tydan ni ddim wedi cael gaea’ gwerth sôn
amdano ers deng mlynadd bellach
We haven’t had a winter worth talking about for ten years now
:_______________________________.
gwerth taten pob
‹ › adjectival
1 dydi o ddim gwerth tatan
pob it’s not worth a thing, it has no value at all (“it’s not worth a baked
potato”)
:_______________________________.
gwerth
trethiannol ‹ › masculine noun
1 rateable value, the value given to a house as a basis for deciding
how much local tax the owner should pay (“taxable value”)
:_______________________________.
gwerthu
‹ › (verb)
1 to sell
2 gwerthu rhywbeth ar golled sell
something at a loss
gwerthu rhywbeth am ei gost sell something at cost price (“sell
something for its cost”)
3 nwyddau i'w gwerthu neu i'w ddychwelyd goods sent on a
sale-or-return basis
4 peiriant
gwerthu slot machine, vending machine = machine which sells small articles
such as sweets or cigarettes operated by coins; (a direct translation of
English vending machine)
5 gwerthu sebon to softsoap, to flatter, to lay it on thick (“to
sell soap”)
6
gwerthu’r fuwch i brynu tarw to rob
Peter to bay Paul (“sell the cow to buy a bull”)
7 gwerthu ar ocsiwn ‹ › to auction, to sell at an auction
8 gwerthu
fel fflamiau ‹ › (phrase) sell like hotcakes
(“like flames”)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr,
gwerthwyr
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 seller
2 gwerthwyr gorau ‹ › bestsellers
3 gwerthwr caws
cheesemonger
gwerthwr llaeth dairyman, milk
seller
haearnwerthwr ironmonger, hardware
shop owner
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr
ceffylau ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
ceffylau ‹ ›
1 horse dealer
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) horses” (gwerthwr
= seller) + (ceffylau = horses)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr da
pluog ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
da pluog ‹ ›
1 poulterer
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) poultry” (gwerthwr
= seller) + (da pluog = poultry)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr
dodefnod ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
dodefnod ‹ ›
1 poulterer
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) poultry” (gwerthwr
= seller) + (dodefnod = poultry)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr eli ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
eli ‹ ›
1 obsolete ointment seller
Ganrif yn ôl cymeriad cyfarwydd ym
mlaenau cymoedd Gwent a Morgannwg oedd y gwerthwr eli
A century ago a familiar character at the heads of the valleys of the Gwent
and Morgannwg valleys was the ointment seller
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) ointment” (gwerthwr
= seller) + (eli = ointment)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr
ffrwythau a llysiau ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
ffrwythau a llysiau ‹ ›
1 greengrocer, seller of fruit and vegetables
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) fruit and vegtables” (gwerthwr = seller) + (ffrwythau
a llysiau = fruit and vegtables)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr glo ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
glo ‹ ›
1 coal merchant, person who sells coal usually for domestic use
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) coal” (gwerthwr =
seller) + (glo = coal)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr
gwartheg ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
pethau ail law ‹ ›
1 cattle dealer
ETYMOLOGY: "seller (of) cattle" (gwerthwr
= seller) + (gwartheg = cattle)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr
gwinoedd ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
gwinoedd ‹ ›
1 wine merchant
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) wines” (gwerthwr
= seller) + (gwinoedd = wines)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr
gwirodydd ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
gwirodydd ‹ ›
1 liquor merchant, seller of alcoholic drinks
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) alcoholic drinks” (gwerthwr
= seller) + (gwirodydd =
alcoholic drinks)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr hen
lyfrau ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
hen lyfrau ‹ ›
1 seller of antiquarian books, second-hand bookseller
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) old books” (gwerthwr
= seller) + (hen = old) + soft
mutation + (llyfrau = books)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr hetiau ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
hetiau ‹ ›
1 seller of hats; milliner = seller of women’s hats
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) hats” (gwerthwr =
seller) + (hetiau = hats)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwriaeth ‹ › feminine noun
1 salesmanship
ETYMOLOGY: (gwerthwr = seller) + (-i-aeth suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr manion
gwnïo ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
manion gwnïo ‹ ›
1 (Englandic: haberdasher, seller of sewing materials - pins,
needles, threads, buttons, zips, hooks-and-eyes, velcro, etc)
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) small-items (of) sewing” (gwerthwr = seller) + (manion
= small items) + (gwnïo = to
sew)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr nwyddau
papur ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
nwyddau papur ‹ ›
1 stationer
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) goods (of) paper” (gwerthwr
= seller) + (nwyddau = goods,
products) + (papur = paper)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr moch
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
moch ‹ ›
1 pig dealer
ETYMOLOGY: "seller (of) pigs" (gwerthwr
= seller) + (moch = pigs)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr papurau
newydd ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
papurau newydd ‹ ›
1 (USA: newsdealer) (Englandic: newsagent)
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) newspapers” (gwerthwr
= seller) + (papurau newydd =
“papers (of) what-is-new)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr pethau
ail law ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
pethau ail law ‹ ›
1 second-hand dealer
ETYMOLOGY: "seller (of) second-hand things" (gwerthwr = seller) + (pethau
= things) + (ail law = second hand)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr pob
peth ‹ › m
PLURAL gwerthwyr
pob peth ‹ ›
1 general dealer = shopkeeper who has a general store
2 Cf. siop bob peth general
store, general stores = shop selling a wide variety of merchandise – food,
clothing, hardware, stationery, newspapers, etc
ETYMOLOGY: "seller (of) every thing" (gwerthwr = seller) + (pob
= every) + (peth = thing)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr pysgod ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
pysgod ‹ ›
1 fishmonger
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) fish” (gwerthwr =
seller) + (pysgod = fishes)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr tir a
thai ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
tir a thai ‹ ›
1 (USA: realtor) (Englandic: estate agent)
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) land and houses” (gwerthwr
= seller) + (tir = land) + (a = and) + spirant mutation + (tai = houses)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr
yswiriant ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
yswiriant ‹ ›
1 insurance salesman
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) insurance” (gwerthwr
= seller) + (yswiriant =
insurance)
:_______________________________.
gwerthyd,
gwerthydau
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 spindle
y werthyd the spindle
:_______________________________.
Gwerthyr
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 (north-west) PLACE NAMES = fort
:_______________________________.
gweryd
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwerydau
‹ ›
1 earth, soil
Cafodd ei gladdu yng ngweryd y llan
He was buried in the churchyard (“in the soil of the parish church”)
2 grave
3 (county of Penfro) manure
gweryd cwdyn artificial fertiliser
(“fertiliser (of) bag”)
4 cemetery
(Aber-dâr) Byddai ein Gweryd (Cemetery),
ein Park, a’n Coleg - St. Michael’s - hen balasdy y Fothergills, yn addurn i
unrhyw dref yn Nghymru (Geninen 1901 / tudalen 50 / Dyffryn Cynon / Jenkin
Howell)
Our cemetery, our park, and our college – St. Michael’s – the old Fothergill
mansion – would be an asset to any town in Wales
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
from the same British root: Cornish gweres
(= earth, soil)
:_______________________________.
gwerydo
‹ › verb
1 to manure
gwerydu’r tir to manure the land
(county of Penfro) gwerido ‹ ›
ETYMOLOGY: (gweryd- < gweryd = manure) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gweryru
‹ › (verb)
1 whinny, neigh (horse)
2 In Bae Malltraeth (“(the) bay (of) Malltraeth”) off Llangadwaladr
(SH3869) there is a rock shaped like a mare called Caseg Falltraeth (“(the) mare (of) Malltraeth”) (Note: in the
north-west caseg > casag)
A number of smaller rocks between Y
Gaseg (the mare) and the shore are called Yr Ebolion (= the foals)
The rock has a cleft; and locally it is said Mae’r gasag yn gweryru (the mare is neighing) when in a storm the
sea rushes through the cleft, producing an odd sound
(From an article by Tomos Roberts in “Ar Draws Gwlad – Ysgrifau ar Enwau
Lleoedd” / Gwynedd O. Pierce, Tomos Roberts, Hywel Wyn Owen / 1997 / Gwasg
Carreg Walch)
:_______________________________.
Gwesbyr
‹ ›
1
(SJ1183) locality in the county of Y Fflint
ETYMOLOGY: Recorded in the year 1086 as Westberie
(an English name = western farmstead; corresponds to modern English west, bury = (place names) fort)
:_______________________________.
gwest ‹ ›
PLURAL gwesti, gweston ‹ ›
1 (obsolete) night's lodging
2 (obsolete) feast
3 (obsolete) food-rent, provisions for the king and his court
4 gwestai guest
gwesty hotel
gwestyn darling
garddwest garden fête (such as a church festival held in a rectory
garden)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
*west-
From the same British root: Cornish gwest (= lodging), Breton banvez
(= banquet, wedding feast) (ban ?element meaning ‘woman’’, as in Irish bean)
+ (gwes)
From the same Celtic root: Irish feis (=lodging, festival;), banais
(= wedding feast) (bean? = woman) + (feis)
Possibly two words of different origins have been confused
*wes (= stay, spend the night, live; as in dirwest = abstemiousness)
and (*we = to enjoy oneself, to feast)
:_______________________________.
gwestai,
gwesteion
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 guest
:_______________________________.
gwesty (pural gwestyau, gwestai) ‹ ›
1 hotel
(“house of guests”, gwest < gwest-dy, gwest = guest, soft mutation, ty
= house)
:_______________________________.
gwestywr (pural gwestywyr) ‹ ›
1 hotel owner, hotel manager
:_______________________________.
gweu
‹ › (verb)
1 to knit
:_______________________________.
gweud
‹ › (verb)
1 (South Wales) to say
(1) standard colloquial dweud ‹ ›, (2) (North Wales) deud ‹ ›
:_______________________________.
gweudneudwr ‹ › masculine noun
1 (not in general use) South-westerner; word invented by Iolo
Morganwg c1822 to describe the people from the county of Caerfyrddin.
In common with the south-easterners, people use the word gweud = to say, (unlike in the north where it is deud, and in standard colloquial Welsh dweud);
But in the south-west, unlike the people of the old county of Morgannwg in the
south-east, people use neud (= to
do, a reduced form of gneud < gwneud, this latter one being the
standard spoken form).
In Morgannwg it is nithur (< gwnithur < gwneuthur)
ETYMOLOGY: “(a person who says “gweud” and “neud”)
(gweud = to say) + (neud = to do) + (-wr = agent suffix);
or possibly, but unlikely, (gweud =
to say) + soft mutation + (gneud =
to do)
:_______________________________.
gweundir
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 moorland
:_______________________________.
gweunwellt
‹ › masculine noun
1 meadowgrass
gweunwellt oddfog (Poa bulbosa)
bulbous meadowgrass
ETYMOLOGY: literal translation of English meadowgrass
(gweun- < gwaun = meadow) + soft mutation + (gwellt = grass)
:_______________________________.
gweuwraig
‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gweuwragedd
‹ ›
1 knitter
y weuwraig the kitter
gweuwraig hosannau stocking knitter
ETYMOLOGY: (gwe- stem of gweu = to knit) + (-wraig = woman)
:_______________________________.
gwëwr
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwëwyr
‹ ›
1 knitter
gwëwr hosannau stocking knitter
ETYMOLOGY: (gwe- stem of gweu = to knit) + (-wr = man)
:_______________________________.
gwewyr
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 pain
2 mewn gwewyr in torment
:_______________________________.
gwg ‹ › masculine noun
1 frown, scowl = angry expression
dod o dan wg (rhywun) incur the disapproval of
bod â’ch gwg ar show disapproval of, take a dim view of
Roedd â’i wg ar yr holl beth He took a dim view of the whole thing (“he
was with his frown on / disapproval of the whole thing”
dangos gwg at (North Wales) frown at, show disapproval of (“show frown /
disapproval towards”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
> Celtic *weik-
From the same Celtic root: Irish fíoch = anger, fury
:_______________________________.
Gwgan
‹ ›
1 man’s name
2 Hafodwgan “hafod Wgan”
(“(the) summer-farm (of) Gwgan”)
The name of this summer farm in Y Pil (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) went
through a series of changes over the centuries, until it became Hafod-deca ; now it is found as a
street name Hafod-decaf (qv) in Y Pil
(“Hafod Decaf” in the street guides)
This distorted name means (“(the) fairest summer-farm”)
(See“HAFOD and HAFOTY in Welsh Place-names” / Melville Richards)
:_______________________________.
gwgol ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwgolau ‹ ›
1 googol = 10100 (1 followed by a hundred zeros)
ETYMOLOGY: name invented by an American mathematician E. Kasner 1878-1955. Googol is apparently the origin of the
name of the search engine Google (an
invented alternative spelling)
:_______________________________.
gwgu
‹ ›
1 to frown
:_______________________________.
gwialen,
gwiail
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 rod
y wialen the rod
2 penis
3
helygen wiail (helyg gwiail) (Salix viminalis) osier willow or water willow
:_______________________________.
gwialen bysgota,
gwiail pysgota
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 fishing rod
:_______________________________.
gwib
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 rapid movement, whizz
y wib the rapid movement
2 seren wib shooting star
:_______________________________.
gwibdaith
‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwibdeithiau
‹ ›
1 excursion, outing; short two-way trip to a place for sightseeing
or relaxation
y wibdaith the excursion
Rydym hefyd wedi darparu gwibdaith i set
“Pobl y Cwm” i ddysgwyr y Sir
We have also provided / organised / arranged a trip to the set (of the TV
program / programme) “Pobl y Cwm” for learners (of Welsh) in this county
ETYMOLOGY: (gwib- = stem of gwibio = flit, dart, zoom, whoosh) +
soft mutation + (taith = journey)
:_______________________________.
gwiber
‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwiberod
‹ ›
1 viper = poisonous snake of genus Viperae
y wiber the viper
Eseia 11:7 Y fuwch hefyd a’r arth a
borant ynghyd; eu llydnod a gydorweddant; y llew, fel yr ych, a bawr wellt
(11:8) A’r plentyn sugno a chwery wrth dwll
yr asb; ac ar ffau y wiber yr estyn yr hwn a ddiddyfnwyd ei law
Isaiah 11:7 And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie
down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. (11:8) And the sucking
child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his
hand on the cockatrice’ den.
2 Vipera berus viper =
poisonous Northern Eurasian snake
3 coleddu gwiber yn eich
mynwes nourish a viper in your bosom (= protect a person who turns out to
be treacherous)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin vîpera
(= viper);
Breton naer-wiber (= viper) (“(a)
snake (which is a) viper”);
cf English [váipør] viper (= viper)
Cf English {wáivørn} wyvern (= mythological winged snake)
< (wyver) + (excrescent -n); < Norman wivre < Latin vîpera
:_______________________________.
gwibfaen
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwibfeini
‹ ›
1 meteorite
ETYMOLOGY: (gwib- = stem of gwibio = flit, dart, zoom, whoosh) +
soft mutation + (maen = stone)
:_______________________________.
gwibffordd
‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwibffyrdd
‹ ›
1 expressway = road similar to a motorway
y wibffordd the expressway
Mae rhaid creu gwibffyrdd modern rhwng y
de a’r gogledd
We have to create modern expressways between the north and the south
ETYMOLOGY: (gwib- = stem de gwibio = flit, dart, zoom, whoosh) +
soft mutation + (ffordd = road); the
word is based on English expressway
:_______________________________.
gwibio
‹ ›
1 to dart
:_______________________________.
gwich
‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwichiau
‹ ›
1 (mouse) squeak
y wich the squeak
2 (wheel) squeak, creak
ETYMOLOGY: Breton: gwic’h = wailing,
sqeaking
:_______________________________.
gwichal
‹ › verb
South-west Wales
1 squeak
ETYMOLOGY: (gwich = squeak) + (-al suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwichiad
‹ ›
1 a squeak
:_______________________________.
gwichian
‹ › (verb)
1 to squeak
:_______________________________.
gwidman
‹ ›
1 (South Wales) widower
:_______________________________.
gwidw
‹ ›
1 widow
y widw the widow
:_______________________________.
gwidwith
‹ ›
1 midwife
y widwith the midwife
:_______________________________.
gwifren,
gwifrau
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 wire
y wifren the wire
2 (electricity) wire
:_______________________________.
gwifren cwt ieir
‹ › feminine noun
1 chicken wire = wire with a hexagonal mesh (“wire (of) hen coop”)
also weiren cwt ieir
:_______________________________.
Gwìl
‹ › (masculine noun
1 diminutive of Gwilym
:_______________________________.
Gwilym
‹ › masculine
noun
1 man's name = William
Short forms: Gwìl, Cwìl
2 patronymic = “(son of) Gwilym”,
with the loss of the link word ap =
son
(Dafydd Gwilym < Dafydd ap Gwilym)
3 surname, from the patronymic =
“(descendant of) (the son of) Gwilym”
(anglicised form: Gwillim, Gwilliam, Williams)
4 in certain place names in the old
genitive form (that is, with soft mutation Gwilym
> Wilym)
..a/ Craigwilym place name in
Pen-tyrch (county of Caer-dydd) - name of a tenenment in the year 1666
(“(the) rock (of) William”)
..b/ Rhydwilym (SN1124) locality in
the county of Caerfyrddin at Llandysilio
(“(the) ford (of) William”)
..c/ Stad Pontwilym (“Pontwillim
Estate”), Aberhonddu (county of Powys)
(“(the) bridge (of) William”)
ETYMOLOGY: < English William
(Dutch Willem, French Guillaume, German Wilhelm) (William was a
name introduced by the Normans, and was popular because it was the name of a
number of English monarchs (it corresponds to the modern English words will = intent, purpose, helm / helmet = protective headgear)
:_______________________________.
gwin,
gwinoedd
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 wine
:_______________________________.
gwinau
‹ › (adj)
1 chestnut brown
:_______________________________.
gwindy
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwindai
‹ ›
1 winehouse, place where wine is stored or sold
2 Place names Pontygwindy (county of Caerffili)
(“(the) bridge (of) the wine house”, or “bridge by the house called ‘Gwindy’”)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwin = wine) + soft
mutation + (ty = house)
:_______________________________.
gwinedd
‹ ›
1 colloquial form of ewinedd = finger nails, toe nails, cats claws
:_______________________________.
gwinegr
‹ ›
1 vinegar
:_______________________________.
gwineugoch
‹ › adjective
1 brown
gwenith gwineugoch (South-east
Wales) brown wheat
ETYMOLOGY: (gwineu-, penult form of gwinau = brown) + soft mutation + (coch = red)
:_______________________________.
gwingar
‹ › adjective
1 fond of wine
Titus 1:7 Canys rhaid i esgob fod yn
ddiargyhoedd, fel goruchwyliwr Duw; nid yn gyndyn, nid yn ddicllon, nid yn
wingar, nid yn drawydd, nid yn budrelwa
Titus 1:7 For a bishop must be
blameless, as the steward of God; not selfwilled, not soon angry, not given to
wine, no striker, not given to filthy lucre
ETYMOLOGY: (gwin = wine) + (-gar suffix for forming adjectives,
meaning ‘fond of’; cf caru = to
love)
:_______________________________.
gwinwydden
‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwinwydd
‹ ›
1 Vitis vinifera = vine, grapevine
y winwydden the grapevine
2 gwinwydden ddu PLURAL gwinwydd duon Tamus communis = black
bryony
3 gwinwydden wyllt PLURAL
gwinwydd gwylltion Lonicrea
Periclymemum = honeysuckle
ETYMOLOGY: (gwinwydd = vines) + (-en singulative suffix); (gwin = wine) + soft mutation + (gwydd = trees)
:_______________________________.
gwiniolen
‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwiniol
‹ ›
1 (South Wales) Acer campestre = field maple. The Northern form is cynhowlen. The standard name is Masarnen Leiaf
y winiolen the field maple
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently this was originally
gwenwialen ‘white rod’ (gwen
feminine form of gwyn = white) +
soft mutation + (gwialen = rod). (In
1707 and in 1753 it is noted that in south-east Wales the tree is called gwenwialen). Another possibility is
that the origin of the word is gwinwialen,
the first element being gwin (=
wine).
:_______________________________.
gwinllan
‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwinllannoedd,
gwinllannau ‹ ›
1 vineyard, place planted with vines
y winllan the vineyard
2 North Wales wood, brake,
copse, coppice
gwinllan dew o ddrysau ger afon Dwyfor
a dense bramble brake near the river Dwyfor
gwinllan goed wood
Mi fuon ni’n chwarae mewn gwinllan goed
gerlláw yr hen gartref
We used to play in a wood by the old home
3 plantation;
gwinllan helyg = willow plantation
helygen y gwinllannoedd (Salix)
willow
(“willow of the plantations”)
See: helygen
4 Place
names: Y Winllan
.....(1) Tal-y-bont (county of Ceredigion),
.....(2) Llanddeiniolen (county of Gwynedd)
5 Y Winllan 1848-1965
Methodist youth magazine
6 chapel
Dim ond am dymor byr, yn ifanc, y bu ef
yn gweithio’n y winllan. Wedi hynny ni thywyllodd le o addoliad eto
He was an active member of the chapel for only a short period, when he was
young. After that he never set foot ever again in a chapel.
7 said of something put into the care of another
y winllan a roddwyd i’w ofal the
vineyard entrusted to his care
Sant Mathew 21.41 Hwy a ddywedasant
wrtho, Efe a ddifethas yn llwyr y dynion drwg hynny, ac a esyd y winllan i
lafurwyr eraill, y rhai a dalant iddo’r ffrwythau yn eu hamserau
St Matthew 21.41 They say unto him, He will miserably destroy those wicked men,
and will let out his vineyard unto other husbandmen, which shall render him the
fruits in their seasons
Cafodd gi defaid yn anrheg a bridiodd
sawl pencampwr ar ôl hyn. Roedd yn falch o weld ffrwyth blynyddoedd o fridio yn
deillio o’r winllan a roddwyd i’m gofal
He was given a sheep dog as a present and he bred many a champion after this.
He was proud to see the fruit of years of breeding which resulted from the
vineyard entrusted to his care
Hosea 2.15 A mi a roddaf iddi ei
gwinllannoedd o’r honno, a dyffryn Achor yn ddrws gobaith
Hosea 2.15 And I will give her her vineyards from thence, and the valley of
Achor for a door of hope
8 vintage = grape harvest
Job 24:6 Medant eu hŷd yn y maes; a
gwinllan yr annuwiol a gasglant
Job 24:6 They reap every one his corn in the field: and they gather the vintage
of the wicked.
ETYMOLOGY: (gwin = wine, vine) +
soft mutation + (llan = yard) > *gwinlan > gwinllan; in some words the mutation is lost in such a combination
cf English {vinyø’d} vineyard;
(vine) + (yard)
:_______________________________.
gwinllanol
‹ › adjective
1 winegrowing
ardal winllannol winegrowing area
ETYMOLOGY: (gwinllann- < gwinllan = vineyard) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Gwion
‹ ›
1 man’s name
:_______________________________.
gwir
‹ › (adjective)
1 true
2 ydi’n wir isn’t it /
she / he? indeed it is / she is / he is
tag element after an afirmative statement, as an exclamation
Mae hi’n dda, ydi’n wir She’s good,
she really is
3 (before a noun) true, genuine
Beth yw’r wir stori am ddiflaniad sydyn
ei wraig?
What’s the true story behind the sudden disappearance of his wife?
gwir angen real necessity
Mae arnaf fi ei wir angen I really
need it (“there-is on me its true need”)
Byddwn yn gwario arian ar bethau nad
oedd eu gwir angen arnaf
I used to spend money on things I didn’t really need (“I spent money on things
that-not there-was their true need on-me”)
4 (before an adjective) truly
Mae’n wir ddrwg gen i I’m really sorry, I’m awfully sorry, I’m truly
sorry
:_______________________________.
gwir
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 truth
nithio’r gwir o’r gau sort
the truth from lies (“winnow the truth from the false”)
Mae’r gwir yn y cwrw In vino veritas (“the truth is in the beer”)
Llawer gwir gorau ei gelu
Many things are best left unsaid (“many a truth best its hiding”)
Daw’r gwir ar glawr The truth will reveal itself
Y gwir a fyn y golau Truth
will out (“the ruth will demand the light”)
:_______________________________.
gwireb (feminine noun)
‹ ›
1 truism, obvious truth
y wireb the truism
:_______________________________.
gwireddu (verb)
‹ ›
1 make (something) come true
cael ei wireddu come true
:_______________________________.
gwirfodd
‹ › masculine noun
1
consent
2
free will
o’ch gwirfodd voluntarily, of your
own free will
gwneud rhywbeth o’ch gwirfodd do
something of your own free will
ETYMOLOGY: (gwir = true ) + soft
mutation + (bodd = will)
:_______________________________.
gwirfoddol
‹ › (adj)
1 voluntary
:_______________________________.
gwirfoddoli
‹ › verb
1 volunteer
gwirfoddoli i wneud rhywbeth
volunteer to do something
2 volunteer = (ironic) be pressured into offering to do sth against
one's will
ETYMOLOGY: (gwirfoddol = voluntary)
+ (-i suffix for forming abstract
nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwirfoddolwr
‹ › masculine
noun
PLURAL
gwirfoddolwyr ‹ ›
1 volunteer
2 volunteer = (ironic) person obliged to do a thing, but manipulated
so that it seems that he or she has agreed willingly
ETYMOLOGY: (gwirfoddol = voluntary) + (-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
gwirion
‹ › (adjective)
1 (South) innocent, naïve
2 (North) simple, idiotic
:_______________________________.
gwirionedd,
gwirioneddau
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 truth
2 gorau arf gwirionedd
honesty is the best policy (“best weapon truth”)
:_______________________________.
gwirioni
‹ › (verb)
1 to dote on
Nid yw pawb yn gwirioni yr un
fath It takes all sorts to make a world (“not everybody dotes (on things)
in the same way”)
:_______________________________.
gwirionyn ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwirioniaid
‹ ›
1
idiot, blockhead, dolt, fool, oaf, fool, cretin, numskull
ETYMOLOGY: (gwirion = stupid) + (-yn suffix to make a noun from an
adjective)
:_______________________________.
gwirod,
gwirodydd
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 liquor, spirits
2 lefel wirod spirit level
:_______________________________.
gwirod gwyn
‹ › masculine noun
1 white spirit = liquid from petroleum used as a turpentine substute
ETYMOLOGY: calque on English white spirit (gwirod
= spirit) + (gwyn = white)
:_______________________________.
gwirodwr
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwirodwyr
‹ ›
1 liquor merchant
ETYMOLOGY: (gwirod = liquor) + (-wr, suffix = ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
gwisg,
gwisgau
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 dress
y wisg the dress
- gwisg nos, gwisgau nos
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 night dress
:_______________________________.
gwisgïo
‹ › verb
(North Wales)
1 (nut) become loose from husk
2 (nut) become ripe, be ripe
3 (nut) strip the covering from the shell, shell a nut
ETYMOLOGY: (gwisgi = ripe) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: also with the loss of the first syllable ‘sgïo
:_______________________________.
gwisgo
‹ › (verb)
1 (verb without an object) to get
dressed; to dress
2 (verb with an object) put on
gwisgo eich esgidiau put on
your shoes (“wear your shoes”)
3 gwisgo hosan o bob pâr
wear odd socks (“wear (a) sock of each pair”)
4 a gwisgo ynddo (piece
of clothing) hard-wearing (“and wearing in it”)
5
bwrdd gwisgo dressing table
6
ymwisgo get dressed, dress oneself
(ym- = reflexive prefix ) + soft
mutation + (gwisgo = dress oneself)
:_______________________________.
gwiw
‹ › (adjective)
1 fitting, seemly
2 useful, profitable
nid gwiw / ’wiw it is useless, it is pointless, there’s no point
Nid gwiw wylo am yr hyn sydd ddiadfer
It’s no use crying over spilt milk
(“It-is-not profitable crying for the thing which-is irrecuperable”, it is
useless to cry over what cannot be restored)
Cornish gwiw (= fitting, seemly, worthy)
Breton gwiv (= lively, merry)
Irish fíu (= fitting, seemly, worthy)
Gaulish personal name Visurix (= worthy king)
From Celtic uisu- < uesu- (= good)
:_______________________________.
gwiwer,
gwiwerod
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 squirrel
y wiwer = the squirrel
:_______________________________.
gwlad,
gwledydd
‹ ›
1 country
y wlad the country
gelyn pennaf y wlad
public enemy number one (“(the) main enemy (of) the country”)
2 yr hyfryd wlad the
pleasant land (= Palestine)
Daniel 8:9 Ac o un ohonynt y daeth allan
gorn bychan, ac a dyfodd yn rhagorol, tua’r deau, a thua’r dwyrain, a thua’r
hyfryd wlad.
Daniel 8:9 And out of one of them came forth a little horn, which waxed
exceeding great, toward the south, and toward the east, and toward the pleasant
land.
3 hoff wlad Duw God’s own
country (“(the) favorite country (of) God”)
4 dibynwlad dependency =
country dependent on another
(dibyn- < dibynnu = to depend) + soft mutation + (gwlad = country)
5 gwlad eich geni the
country where you were born, your home country
6 mamwlad mother country, home country = (for a person living
in an adopted country) one's country of origin
‘mother country’ (mam = mother) +
soft mutation + (gwlad = country)
7 gwlad sy’n llifeirio o
laeth â mêl a land flowing with milk and honey , a place of abundance and
contentment
Exodus 3:8
A mi a ddisgynnais i'w gwaredu hwy o law
yr Eifftiaid, ac i'w dwyn o'r wlad honno i wlad dda a helaeth, i wlad yn
llifeirio o laeth a mêl; i le y Canaaneaid, a'r Hethiaid, a'r Amoriaid, a'r
Pheresiaid, yr Hefiaid hefyd, a'r Jebusiaid.
Exodus 3:8
And I am come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to
bring them up out of that land unto a good land and a large, unto a land
flowing with milk and honey; unto the place of the Canaanites, and the
Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the
Jebusites.
Exodus 33:2
A mi a anfonaf angel o'th flaen di, ac a
yrraf allan y Canaanead, yr Amoriad, a'r Hethiad, y Pheresiad, yr Hefiad, a'r
Jebusiad: (33:3) I wlad yn llifeirio o laeth â mel: oherwydd
nid af fi i fyny yn dy blith; oblegid pobl wargaled wyt: rhag i mi dy ddifa ar
y ffordd.
Exodus 33:2 And I will send an angel
before thee; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite,
and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite: (33:3) Unto a land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up in
the midst of thee; for thou art a stiffnecked people: lest I consume thee in
the way.
8 hen yd y wlad country people, country
folk (“old corn (of) the countryside”)
9 Mae’n gywilydd gwlad It’s a downright disgrace (It’s a
disgrace (of) country”)
10 gwlad eich cychwyniad your country of
origin (“(the) country (of) your beginning”)
gwlad eich geni your country of birth, your country of origin (“(the)
country (of) your birth”)
gwlad eich genedigaeth your country of birth, your country of origin
(“(the) country (of) your birth”)
yng ngwlad fy ngenedigaeth in the land of my birth
gwlad eich gwreiddiau your country of origin (“(the) country (of) your
roots”)
11 byw
ar dda’r wlad live of the fat of the land (“live on (the) good (of) the
land”)
12
newid gwlad emigrate (“change
country”)
13 gwlad dramor foreign
country
14 mynd i wlad y gwaddod die, kick the bucket (“go to the land of the
moles”)
15
edrych y wlad see how the land lies
(“check the country”)
16
llond gwlad o (“(the) fullness (of a
) country (of)” in expressing great quantity
llond gwlad o bethau da lots of good
things
17
eich gwlad chi your part of the
country, your part of the world
Adroddir un hanes amdano pan oedd ar ymweliad
â Llangynog, Sir Drefaldwyn. Mae yn debyg iddo amlygu i’r teulu lle yr oedd ei
fod yn dyfod o Sir Aberteifi... Wedi deall brodor o ba sir oedd Mr. James,
dywedodd y wraig, “Bu offeiriad o’ch gwlad chwi yn gweini yn y Llan yma am 50
mlynedd.” t52 / Y Trydydd Byr-gofiant... / John Evans, Abermeurig
(1830-1917) / 1913
There’s a story told about him when he was visiting Llangynog, in the county of
Trefaldwyn. Apparently he explained to the family where he was staying that he
came from the county of Aberteifi... After knowing what county Mr. James was
from, the woman said “There was a clergyman from your part of the world who
held office in the parish church here for fifty years...”
:_______________________________.
Gwlad Byth
Bythoedd ‹ › feminine noun
1 Never-Never Land
ETYMOLOGY: “Land (of) Never Ever” (gwlad
= land) + (byth bythoedd never ever)
:_______________________________.
gwladfa ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwladféydd ‹ ›
1 colony = settlement of people far from their homeland who maintain
ties with the country of origin
y wladfa the colony
2 colony = people of a certain nationality living dispersed in a
city but considered as a group
y wladfa Americanaidd ym Mhrâg the American colony in Prague
3 gwladfa gosb o gwladfa gosbi penal colony
4 Gwladféydd y Culfor
Straits Settlements = a former English colony made up of Singapore, Penang,
Malacca, Labuan and other islands
ETYMOLOGY: (gwlad = country)+ (-fa
noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)
:_______________________________.
Gwlad Falensia
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 the Valencian Country
:_______________________________.
Gwladfaol
‹ › adjective
1 Patagonian; relating to Gwladfa Patagonia, the Welsh settlement in
Patagonia established in 1865
ETYMOLOGY: (settlement = poblament)
+ (-ol, suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Gwladfa Patagonia ‹ ›
1 the Welsh settlement in Patagonia (founded in 1865)
Normally: Y Wladfa
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) colony (of)
Patagonia”)
:_______________________________.
Gwladfäwr ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL Gwladfawyr ‹ ›
1 person from Gwladfa Patagonia, the Welsh settlement in Patagonia
established in 1865
ETYMOLOGY: (settlement =
poblament) (-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
Gwlad Groeg
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 Greece
:_______________________________.
Gwlad Hud
‹ ›
1
Wonderland
Alys yng Ngwlad Hud Alice in
Wonderland
ETYMOLOGY: (gwlad = country) + (hud = magic)
:_______________________________.
gwladol ‹ › adjective
1 state, public = belonging to a state
2 in the case of Wales, state = belonging to the English state
archifdy gwladol state archive
eglwys wladol state church
Gwasanaeth Iechyd Gwladol National
Health Service (“state health service”)
incwm gwladol state income
ysgol wladol state school
ysgrifenydd gwladol secretary of
state (minister in charge of a government department)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwlad = country) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Gwladus
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name; = (“ruler of a country”)
. English form - Gladys
:_______________________________.
gwladwen
‹ ›
1
heaven, paradise
2
Gwladwen woman’s name (rare)
ETYMOLOGY: “white / blessed / fair land” (gwlad
= country, land) + soft mutation + (gwen,
feminine form of gwyn = white /
blessed / fair )
NOTE: Cf gwenwlad (= heaven,
paradise), with the same elements reversed
:_______________________________.
gwladwriaeth,
gwladwriaethau
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 state
y wladwriaeth the state
gwladwriaeth ragod buffer
state
:_______________________________.
Gwlad y Codiad
Haul ‹ ›
1 The Land of the Rising Sun
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) land (of) (the) rising (of the) sun” (gwlad = country, land) + (yr
= the) + (codiad haul = (the) rising
(of the) sun, sunrise)
:_______________________________.
Gwlad y Gân
‹ › feminine noun
1 nickname for Wales (“The Land of Song) (from the high proportion
of people literate in musical notation, and the great esteem accorded to
religious congregational singing and to choral competitions, in the latter half
of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century)
2 Gwlad-y-gân street name
in Y Mynydd-bach, County of Abertawe
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) land (of) the song” + (gwlad
= country, land) + (y = the) + soft
mutation (cân = song)
:_______________________________.
Gwlad y Menyg
Gwynion ‹ ›
1
(“The Land of the White Gloves”) nickname for Wales, still in use - a name
applied in century 1800 alluding to the comparatively low rate of crime in
Wales. It was the custom to present the assize judge with a white pair of
gloves when there were no cases for trial.
ETYMOLOGY: (gwlad = country) + (y definite article) + (menyg, plural of maneg = glove) + (gwynion,
plural of gwyn = white)
:_______________________________.
Gwlad yr Haf
‹ ›
1 Somerset, a county in south-west England, over Môr Hafren (The
Severn Sea, The Bristol Channel) from South-east Wales
2 ‘The Summer Country’, ‘Summerland’, ‘The Land of Summer’, a name
given by Iolo Morganwg to what was the original home of the Welsh people.
According to Iolo, they had come to Britain under the leadership of Hu Gadarn.
Another name for this mythical homeland was Deffrobani, a metathasised form of
a name in Llyfr Taliesin (The Book of Taliesin, early 1300s) ‘deproffani ynys’,
taken from the Latin ‘Taprobanes insula’ mentioned by Isadore of Seville, and
referring to Ceylon, said at that time to be the first home of the human race
“Gwlad yr Hâf. The land of Summer. An imaginary country. If a person’s
whereabouts is not known, he is said to have come from, or to have gone to, the
land of the Summers. Gwlad yr Haf is the Welsh name of Somerset-shire.” (WELSH
PROVERBS, TRIADS AND TRUISMS (1873-1890) collected from Llansanffráid ym Mechain
by T G Jones, Cyffin)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘(the) land (of) the
summer’
(gwlad = land) + (y definite article) + (haf = summer)
:_______________________________.
Gwlad y Sais ‹ › feminine noun
1 (literary or humorous) England ("the land of the
Englishman")
Bûm yn byw yng Ngwlad y Sais am dros ddeng mlynedd I lived in England
for over ten years
:_______________________________.
Gwlad y Tylwyth
Teg ‹ › feminine noun
1 Fairyland, land of the fairy folk
yng Ngwlad y Tylwyth Teg in
Fairyland
ETYMOLOGY: (gwlad = country) + (y = the) + (tylwyth teg = fairies, ‘fair family’)
:_______________________________.
gwlân ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwlanoedd
‹ ›
1 wool = hair of sheep used for making yarn (Scotland: oo)
2 wool = thread or yarn from the fleece of a sheep or other animals
saim gwlân wool fat
olew gwlân wool oil
sypyn gwlân woolpack
nwyddau gwlân woolen / woollen goods
lliwiedig yn y gwlân dyed in the wool = dyed before spinning into woolen
yarn
y fasnach wlân the woolen / woollen trade
y diwydiant gwlân the woolen / woollen industry
masnachwr gwlân woolen / woollen merchant, woolman
dilledyn gwlân “woollie”, woolen jersey
dillad gwlân “woollies”, woolen / woollen clothing, woolen / woollen
clothes
ffatri wlân woolen / woollen mill
melin wlân woolen / woollen mill
4 wool = a material which is light like wool
5 wool = a material which is fibrous like wool
gwlân dur steel wool
6 fluff, down = pappus, downy tuft in place of a calyx in some
plants for dispersal of the seed in the breeze
gwlân ysgall thistle down (“wool (of) thistle”)
Also gwlaniach ysgall thistle down (“fluff (of) thistle”)
7 gwlân cotwm (cotton made absorbent by removal of seeds and
wax, bleached and sterilized) (American: cotton, absorbent cotton) (Englandic:
cotton wool)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwlân
< British < Celtic *wlanâ < Indo-European *wel
From the same British root: Cornish gwlan (= wool) , Breton gloan (=
wool)
From the same Indoeuropean root: Latin lâna (= wool) (as in English lanolin),
Greek linos; also English wool, German Wolle (= wool), Old
Norse ull (= wool).
The corresponding word in Latin is vellus (= fleece)
:_______________________________.
gwlanen,
gwlanennau
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 flannel
y wlanen the flannel
:_______________________________.
gwlaniach ‹ › masculine noun
1 fine wool
2 scraps of wool
3 fluff, down = pappus, downy tuft in place of a calyx in some
plants for dispersal of the seed in the breeze
gwlaniach ysgall thistle down
(“fluff (of) thistle”)
3 wool waste
ETYMOLOGY: (gwlân = wool) + (-i-ach = diminutive suffix added to
plural nouns or collective nouns
:_______________________________.
gwlanog
‹ › (adjective)
1 woolen (Englandic: woollen)
2 helygen wlanog (helyg gwlanog) (Salix lanata) woolly
willow
helygen wlanog hirddail (Salix
lapponum) downy willow
:_______________________________.
gwledd
‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwleddoedd
‹ ›
1
feast, banquet (colloquial: spread)
y wledd the feast
gwledd briodas wedding feast
cynnal gwledd hold a feast
rhoi gwledd give a feast, hold a
feast
a splendid and abundant meal,
2
feast = exquisite enjoyment
3
spiritual feast
y wledd nefol heavenly bliss
4
gloddest (m) revelling
Arfon, Gwynedd: gwleddast gloddest is probably from < *glwddest < *gwleddest (gwledd =
feast) + (-est = suffix)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwledd < British
*wlid < Celtic *wlid-â
From the same British root: Breton gloez,
found in the dialect of Gwened as gloé
(= banquet)
From the same Celtic root: Irish fleá
‹ › (=feast,
festival) < fleadh;
Also the Gaulish name Vlido-riks
(banquet + king)
:_______________________________.
gwledda
‹ › (verb)
1 to feast
:_______________________________.
gwledig
Prydain
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 ruler of Brittania (head of the Roman
army in the Roman province of Brittania)
(See Macsen Wledig)
:_______________________________.
gwledydd
‹ › (plural noun)
1 countries: see gwlad
:_______________________________.
gwleidydd,
gwleidyddion
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 politician
ETYMOLOGY: (gwlad
= country) + (-ydd suffix) a > ei though the influence of the
y in the final syllable
:_______________________________.
gwleidyddiaeth
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 politics
ETYMOLOGY: (gwladydd-
< gwelidydd = politician,
statesman) + (-i-aeth noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwleidyddol ‹ › adjective
1 political
2 cyflawni hunanddistryw gwleidyddol commit politicial
suicide
ETYMOLOGY: (gwleidydd = politician) + (-ol suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwli ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwlis
‹ ›
South-east Wales
1 back lane between two terraces
Roedd y plant yn chwarae yn y gwli
The children were playing in the back lane
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwli < English ‹ › gully < gullet < Middle English
golet < Old French goulet < Latin gula (= throat)
NOTE: Also: gyli ‹ › from
the standard English pronunciation gully
‹ ›
The two forms are in use in Cambrian English gwli, gyli
:_______________________________.
gwlith,
gwlithoedd
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 dew
:_______________________________.
gwlithfalwen ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwlithfalwod ‹ ›
1 slug
ETYMOLOGY: (gwlith= dew)
+ soft mutation + ( malwen = snail or slug)
:_______________________________.
gwlithog
‹ › (adjective)
1 dewy
:_______________________________.
gwlithyn
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 dewdrop
:_______________________________.
gwlyb
‹ › (adjective)
1 wet
2 gwlyb siwps
‹ › sopping wet
:_______________________________.
gwlychfa
‹ › f
1
soaking, drenching
cael gwlychfa get a soaking, get
soaked, get drenched
cael gwlychfa at eich croen get
soaked to the skin
bod yn wlychfa o chwys be soaked in
sweat, be drowning in sweat
ETYMOLOGY: (gwlych- stem of gwlychu = to soak) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating an
action)
NOTE: colloquial form glychfa
:_______________________________.
gwlychu
‹ › (verb)
1 to wet
2 gwlychu pig / gwlychu’ch
pig wet your whistle, have a drink (“wet your beak”)
:_______________________________.
gwm swigod ‹ › masculine noun
1 bubble gum
ETYMOLOGY: “gum (of) bubbles” (gwm
= gum) + (swigod = bubbles, < yswigod, plural of yswigen
(= bubble))
:_______________________________.
gwn ‹ › verb
1 (from gwybod = to know)
I know
Wn i ddim I don’t know
2 ddim am wn i not as far
as I know
Odi e wedi cael fflat newydd? Ddim am wn
i Has he got a new flat? Not as far as I know
“no, for the-thing-that I know” ddim am
wn i < ddim am a wn i (ddim = not) + (am = around, for) + (a = the-thing-that) + soft mutation + (gwn i = I know, < gwybod = to know)
3 ddim hyd y gwn i not as
far as I know
“no, as-far-as that I know”) (hyd =
as far as, length) + (y = preverbal
particle) + (gwn i = I know, < gwybod = to know)
:_______________________________.
..2 gwn, gynnau
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 gun
o flaen gwn at gunpoint (“in
front (of) (a ) gun”)
2 clec gwn gunshot
Dyna glec gwn A shot rang out, there was the sound of a gunshot
(“See-there (the) bang (of a) gun”)
3 yn ffroen gwn at gunpoint
(“in nose (of) gun”)
4 gwn
dŵr PLURAL gynnau dŵr
(USA: squirt gun) (Englandic: water pistol)
5
gwn gwrth-derfysg riot gun
gwn rhag terfysg riot gun
:_______________________________.
gwnaeth ‹ › verb
NOTE: Colloquially: naath (usually spelt nath)
1 made, did; third person singular of teh preterite gwneud (=
to do)
2 a wnaeth who did, who made; which did, which made. Gwnaeth
= third person singular of teh preterite gwneud (= to do)
Pa beth a wnaeth ef? > Be’ naath e? What did he do? ((“it is”)
what thing that he did?”)
:_______________________________.
gwnaf
‹ ›
1
I shall do
Colloquially gwnaf fi > gna i, na i
2
(used to confirm an action stated in a previous verb)
Colloquially gwnaf > gnaf
Ond os bydd rhyw air ar y meddwl
i, mi deydai o'n (= mi’i deuda i o’n) ddigon rhydd a dilol, gnaf neno dyn.
Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (= Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910) t69
But if there is some word on my mind I’ll say it quite frankly and freely, by
Jove I shall
:_______________________________.
gwnaiff ‹ › verb
1 (she / he / it) will do, will make. Third person singular of the
present-future tense of gwneud (=
make / do)
cymryd hynny a wnaiff e (container,
receptacle) take as much as it can hold
:_______________________________.
gwndwn
‹ › masculine noun
1 form of gwyndwn (qv) (=
layland, hay meadow)
..a/ Gwndwn name of a farm 1km south
of Crymych (county of Penfro)
..b/ Penygwndwn (“(the) end (of)
the meadow”)
In Blaenau Ffestiniog (county of Gwynedd), there are “Penygwndwn Bungalows”
(which in Welsh would be Tai Penygwndwn) and “Penygwndwn Estate” (which
in Welsh would be Stad Penygwndwn)
:_______________________________.
gwnêl
‹ › verb
1 Third person singular present subjunctive form, equivalent to gwnelo
A wnêl mad, mad a ddyly (archaic
Welsh) One good turn deserves another (“the-person-who may-do good, (it-is)
good that-he deserves”)
:_______________________________.
..1 gwneud
‹ › (verb)
1 (verb with an object) make = create, manufacture
2 to do
cael gan rywun wneud rhywbeth get
somebody to do something
gwneud fel arall do otherwise
3 gwneud tro pedol ‹ › (verb) make a U turn
4 cael gwneud eich gwallt
have a hair do
5 Bron na wn i beth i’w wneud
I hardly know what to do
6 (money)
ARIAN: gwneud arian mawr make a fortune (“make big money”)
ELW: gwneud elw (o...) make a profit
(out of...)
FFORTIWN: fortune = riches
gwneud eich ffortiwn make a fortune
(“make your fortune”)
7 gwneud clust fel hwch mewn haidd prick up your ears (“make (the)
ear like (a) sow in barley”)
8 gwneud yn unol â’ch
dymuniadau comply with your wishes (“do in unison with your wishes”)
9 Gwnewch le! Make way!
Gangway!
8 gwneud heddwch make
peace
9 gwneud rhywbeth ar her do something for a dare (“do
something on challenge”)
10
(in describing seasons)
gwneud gwanwyn cynnar be an early
spring,
gwneud gaeaf hynod o galed be an
exceptionally hard winter
11 (in certain weather expressions)
gwneud glaw trwm rain heavily
Mae'n siŵr o wneud tywydd eira It’s
bound to snow (“it’s sure of making weather (of) snow”)
12 hanner gwneud pethau
do things by halves = do in an incomplete way
13 ei wneud e do it =
have sex
Mae hi’n ei wneud e fel cwningen She
fucks like a bunny rabbit (“she does it like a rabbit”)
Mae hi’n ei wneud e fel dŵr She
fucks like a bunny rabbit (“she does it like water”)
14 ceisio gwneud yr amhosib’
try to do the impossible
15 gwneud arwydd ar rywun i
wneud rhywbeth signal to somebody to do something (“make a sign on somebody
to do something”)
16 gwneud (rhywbeth) yn
(rhywbeth) change (something) into (something)
Dyma i chwi engraifft arall, sef enw’r
nant a elwir yn Hawnant neu Hownant; y mae rhai o’r bobl sydd yn medru
ysgrifennu yn ei gwneyd yn Hoffnant, a Blaenhoffnant a welir uwch ben drws
gwesty yn y Cwm. (Enwau Lleoedd / John Rhys/ Cymru / Cyfrol XI. RHIF 63. Hydref
15fed, 1896)
Here’s another example for you, namely the stream called Hawnant or Hownant; some people who can write change
it into Hoffnant, and Blaenhoffnant is to be seen above the door of the hotel
in the valley.
17
used to emphasise a verb - I continued > “(it is) continue (that) I did”
Daeth Arfon Griffiths yn un swydd i
Benmachno i chwilio amdano er mwyn ei gael i arwyddo i Dîm Pêl-droed Wrecsam.
Ond gwrthod arwyddo a wnaeth, ac fe fu hynny o fantais mawr i dîm Machno.
Arfon Griffiths came specially to Penmachno i look for him to get him to sign
for Wrecsam Football Team. But he refused to sign, and thsi was of great
benefit for the Machno team ‹ ›
Sometimes omitted ‹ ›; here a wnai
(= that he would do, that he used to do) is understood:
Arferai Ifan yrru’r bws ysgol i
Benmachno. Byddem yn tynnu arno o gefn y bws nes y byddai wedi gwylltio’n
gacwn. Stopio’r bws wedyn ‹ › wrth y tro i Benmachno a’n hel i ffwrdd i gerdded adref. Ifan used
to drive the school bus to Penmachno. We’d mock him from the back of the bus
until he was hopping mad. He’d stop the bus then at the Penmachno turn and make
us get out and walk home
18 GWNEUD + noun
(many of these phrases also appear in other sections in this entry – weather,
money, etc)
a/
ACHWYNIAD = complaint
gwneud achwyniad (yn erbyn) present / lodge a complaint (against)
ARIAN = money
gwneud arian mawr make a fortune
(“make big money”)
gwneud arian sydyn get rich quick
c/
CLUST = ear
gwneud clust hwch mewn haidd prick up your ears (“make (the) ear (of) (a)
sow in barley”)
CYFIAWNDER = justice
gwneud cyfiawnder â’r dasg rise to
the occasion, be up to the job (“do justice to the task”)
d/
DRWG = harm
gwneud drwg i to harm (somebody)
e/
ELW = profit
gwneud elw (o...) make a profit (out
of...)
f/
FFORTIWN: fortune = riches
gwneud eich ffortiwn make a fortune
(“make your fortune”)
g/
GAEAF = winter
gwneud gaeaf hynod o galed be an
exceptionally hard winter
GLAW = rain
gwneud glaw trwm rain heavily
GWANWYN = spring
gwneud gwanwyn cynnar be an early
spring
h/
HEDDWCH = peace
gwneud heddwch make peace
l/
LLE = place
gwneud lle to make way
Gwnewch le! Make way! Gangway!
p/
PENYD = penance
gwneud penyd do penance
gwneud penyd yn y carchar do a
stretch in prison, serve a prison sentence
r/
RHUTHRIAD / RHUTHRAD = rush
gwneud rhuthrad ar storm (a
building), take (a building) by a violent assault (“make an incursion on”)
y/
YMDRECH = effort
gwneud ymdrech i wneud (rhywbeth)
attempt to do (something) (“make an effort...”)
YMGAIS = attempt
gwneud ymgais i wneud (rhywbeth)
attempt to do (something) (“make an attempt...”)
:_______________________________.
..2 gwneud ‹ › adjective
1 artificial, invented, made-up, synthetic
lliwiad gwneud artifical colo(u)ring
lledr gwneud = synthetic leather
blodyn gwneud artificial flower
porthladd gwneud artifical harbour
sidan gwneud artificial silk
2 perl gwneud cultivated pearl, cultured pearl
3 (sentiments) false, artificial, not natural, feigned
chwerthin gwneud = feigned laughter, forced laughter
sirioldeb gwneud feigned cheerfulness
4 (word) coined, invented; not formed in a way considered usual
gair gwneud invented word
iaith wneud artificial language
5 manufactured, processed
bwydydd gwneud processed foods
6 maufactured, made-up, false, untrue, fictional
stori wneud a manufactured story
7 gwneud
osgo mynd make as if to go (“make (a) posture (of) going”)
8 (clock time)
Faint wnaiff hi o’r gloch, meddwch chi? What time do you reckon it is?
ETYMOLOGY: gwneud = done,
made; stem of the verbnoun gwneud = to do, to make, used as a past
participle
:_______________________________.
gwneud amdanoch ei hun ‹ ›
1 kill oneself, top oneself, do oneself in, commit suicide
ETYMOLOGY: (gwneud = do)
+ (amdanoch = about you, for you) + (eich hun of yourself)
:_______________________________.
gwneud diwedd arnoch eich hun ‹ ›
1 put an end to one's life, commit suicide kill oneself
ETYMOLOGY: “make (an) end on
yourself”) (gwneud = do, make) + (diwedd = end) + (arnoch
= on you) + (eich hun of yourself)
:_______________________________.
gwneud eich diwedd chi ‹ ›
1 put an end to one's life, commit suicide kill oneself
ETYMOLOGY: “make your end of
you”) (gwneud = do, make) + (eich = your) + (diwedd = end)
+ (vos = of you)
:_______________________________.
gwneud y tro ‹ ›
1 suit, do = fit the purpose, fit the bill, be useful though not
entirely adequate
gwneud y tro i’r dim do nicely
wnaiff mo'r tro it won’t do, it’s no
good
Fe wnaiff y bocs 'ma'r tro yn iawn
This box will do me fine
2 gwneud y tro i make do
with
Bu raid i'r car hwnnw wneud y tro i mi
am bedair blynedd I had to make do with that car for four years, that car had
to do me for four years
Fe wnaiff hwn y tro i mi This'll do
me, this will suit my purpose
ETYMOLOGY: (gwneud = to do, to make)
+ (y definite article, the) + ( tro = turn)
:_______________________________.
gwnewch yr un
fath â mi ‹ › -
1 (Game) (USA: follow the leader) (Englandic: follow my leader)
ETYMOLOGY: “do the same sort as me” (gwnewch
= you (plural) do) + (yr un = the
same) + soft mutation + (math =
sort) + (â mi = as me)
:_______________________________.
gwniadur,
gwniaduron
‹ › (masculine or feminine noun)
1 thimble
y gwniadur / yr wniadur the thimble
:_______________________________.
gwniadwaith
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 sewing
:_______________________________.
gwnïo
‹ › (verb)
1 to sew
:_______________________________.
gwo prefix
1 (obsolete) under; found in certain words as
(1) go
.....gofer (“under-bringing”) (=
stream) < gwofer. This is gwo + (*ber = carry, bring)
(2) gwe
.....gwegil (= “under-behind-place”)
(= back of the neck) < gwogil (cil = nook, corner, place behind)
.....gwregys (= “under-shirt”) (=
belt) < gwogrys (crys = shirt in modern Welsh)
(3) gwei
.....gweini (“under-act”) (= to
serve) < gwo + nif
(4) in combination with another prefix
..1/ arobryn
(“in-front-under-buying”) (= worthy of a prize, prizewinning) = ar- + gwo- + (pryn- = to buy)
..2/ dodrefn (“to-under-order”) (=
furniture) = do- + gwo- + (trefn = order, arrangement)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *WO
< Celtic *WO < *UO < *UPO from the same Indoeuropean root: Latin SUB, Greek HUPO, Sanskrit
ÚPA (to, under, near) (UPANISHAD = one of a number of Sanskrit
sacred books = a sitting down near something UPA = near, NI = near, SÎDATI = he sits)
INDOEUROPEAN |
|||
|
|||
Greek |
Latin |
Celtic |
Sanskrit UPA |
|
Catalan |
British |
|
|
|
Welsh |
|
See: (1) gofer = rill, stream
(2) gogoniant = glory
(3) gwas = servant
:_______________________________.
gwobr,
gwobrau
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 prize
y wobr the prize
2 heavenly reward, salvation
Mathew 5:12 Byddwch lawen a hyfryd;
canys mawr yw eich gwobr yn y nefoedd
Matthew 2:12 Rejoice and be exceeding glad; for great is your reward in heaven
:_______________________________.
gŵr,
gwŷr
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 man
gŵr llys courtier
2 (especially South Wales)
gwŷr = inhabitants of a specified place;
gwŷr Rhymni = the people of
Rhymni, the inhabitants of Rhymni
iaith gwŷr Morgannwg the dialect of the people of (the region of)
Morgannwg
Campau Gwŷr Rhufain Gesta Romanorum
3 (South-east) gwyr tramor foreigners
4 gŵr neu was (qv)
“man or lad” (Welsh Laws) man who is elegible to be a compurgator (testifier of
a person's innocence - from an old court procedure where an accused person is
acquitted if enough people can be found who will swear to his innocence); man
of distinction;
(South-east Wales) gẃrnewas ‹
›, gwrnewâs ‹ › man, youth
(gŵr = man) + (neu = or) + soft mutation + (gwas = lad)
6
arwr hero
(ar- intensive suffix) + soft
mutation + (gŵr = man)
7
gŵyr y peisha bäch (= gŵyr
y peisiau bach) (“(the) men (of) the short petticoats”, i.e. kilts)
South-east Wales name for the Highland Regiment from Scotland, used by the
English government in intervening in industrial pursuits in the nineteenth
century in Wales
:_______________________________.
gwr.
1
abbreviation (in a dictionary entry)
..1/ gwreiddiol original
..2/ gwreiddyn root
:_______________________________.
gwrach,
gwrachod
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 witch
y wrach the witch
:_______________________________.
gwrachen
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 witch
y wrachen the witch
2 siani wrachen (North Wales) centipede
(“Jane (the) witch”) (Siani = Jane) + soft mutation + (gwrachen =
witch)
:_______________________________.
gwragedd
‹ › (plural noun)
1 women; plural of gwraig
:_______________________________.
gwraidd,
gwreiddiau
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 root
2 gosod y fwyell ar wraidd y drwg strike at the root of the evil
(“place the axe on the root of the evil”)
3 gwlad eich gwreiddiau your country of
origin (“(the) country (of) your roots”)
:_______________________________.
gwraig,
gwragedd
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 woman
y wraig the woman
2 gwreig-gasäwr mysoginist, man who hates women
Also casäwr gwragedd
:_______________________________.
gwraig briod,
gwragedd priod
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 married woman
:_______________________________.
gwrando (ar)
‹ › (verb)
1 to listen to
:_______________________________.
gwrando’n
astud
‹ › (verb) to listen carefully
:_______________________________.
gŵr
bonheddig, PLURAL gwyr bonheddig
‹ ›
1 gentleman
byw fel gŵr bonheddig
live the life of Riley (“live like a gentleman”)
:_______________________________.
gŵr
busnes
‹ › ‹ ›
1 businessman
ETYMOLOGY: direct translation from English “businessman”
:_______________________________.
gwrcath,
gwrcathod
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 tomcat, male cat
:_______________________________.
y gŵr
drwg
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 the devil (“the evil man”)
2 ceirios y gŵr drwg (Atropa belladona)
deadly nightshade (“(the) cherries (of) the evil man / the devil”)
:_______________________________.
Gwrecsam ‹GWREK-sam› feminine noun
1 Wrexham (town in the north-east) though Wrecsam
is now used in contemporary Welsh. Considered to be a pedantic spelling. In
use in writing (magazines, books) in the 1800s.
ETYMOLOGY: English Wrexham > Welsh Wrecsam > Gwrecsam. Words beginning with w are generally soft mutated forms with radical gw-. An initial g was added to give it a radical form. .
:_______________________________.
gwreica ‹ › verb
1 look for a wife (especially referring to an old man)
2 cathreica (tomcat) seek a female
< cathwreica (cath = cat) + soft mutation + (gwreica =
seek a wife)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwreig- < gwriag
= woman) + (-ha suffix for forming verbs from nouns, usually plural
nouns) > *gwréig-ha > gwreica (g-h > c)
:_______________________________.
gwreichionen
‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwreichion
‹ ›
1 spark = tiny piece of burning material which flies out from a fire,
scintilla
y wreichionen the spark
2 spark = tiny piece of burning material produced by friction, as of
metal hitting stone
3 spark = flash of light from an electrical discharge
4 (figurative) spark = beginning (of a movement, etc)
Agorwyd yr ysgol Gymraeg gyntaf yn 1949.
Mae’r gwreichionyn a welwyd yn Llanelli dros hanner can mlynedd yn ôl yn fflam
sy’n dal i losgi heddiw.
The first Welsh-language school was opened in 1949. The spark that was seen in
Llanelli over fifty years ago is a flame which continues to burn to this day
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwreichionen (gwreichion = sparks) + (-en singulative suffix) ; < gwrychion < British
from the same British root: Cornish gwrikhon
= sparks, Breton gwrac’h = sparks
NOTE: There is also a masculine form gwreichionyn
‹ › .
Colloquially, the Englishism sbarc
is used; ‹
› feminine noun, plural sbarcs ‹ ›
:_______________________________.
gwreiddiau
‹ › (plural noun)
1 roots; plural of gwreiddyn
:_______________________________.
gwreiddiol
‹ › (adjective)
1 original
Abbreviation (in a dictionary entry): gwr.
2 pechod gwreiddiol original sin
:_______________________________.
gwreiddyn,
gwreiddiau
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 root
Abbreviation (in a dictionary entry): gwr.
:_______________________________.
gwreig-gasäwr
‹ › masculine
noun
PLURAL gwreig-gasäwyr
‹ ›
1 mysoginist, man who hates women
Also casäwr
gwragedd
ETYMOLOGY: (gwreig- = prefixed form
of gwraig = woman) + soft mutation + (casäwr = hater, person who hates )
:_______________________________.
gwrêng
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwrengod,
gwrengiaid ‹ ›
1 (the) common people, commoners
gŵr a bonedd high and low,
people of every social condition, everybody (“commoners and gentry”).
cael eich parchu gan wreng a bonheddig
be respected by all
Salmau 49:2 Yn gystal gwreng a
bonheddig, cyfoethog a thlawd ynghyd
Psalm 49:2 Both low and high, rich and poor, together.
Esaia 2:9 A’r gwrêng sydd yn ymgrymu,
a’r bonheddig yn ymostwng: am hynny na faddau iddynt.
Isaiah 2:9 And the mean man boweth down, and the great man humbleth himself:
therefore forgive them not.
ETYMOLOGY: gwrêng < gwreang, probably gwre’ang < *gwrieang / *gwrie’ang < *gwrieuang
“young man” (gŵr = home) + (ieuang, now ieuanc = young)
:_______________________________.
gwres
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 heat
:_______________________________.
gwresog
‹ › (adjective)
1 warm (welcome, etc)
:_______________________________.
gwresogi
‹ › (verb)
1 to heat, heat up
:_______________________________.
gwresogydd ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwresogyddion
‹ ›
1 heater
ETYMOLOGY: (gwresog-, stem of the
verb gwresogi) + (-ydd noun suffix
for indicating a device or an agent)
:_______________________________.
gwrferch ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwrferched ‹ ›
1 virago, amazon; mannish woman
yr wrferch the virago
ETYMOLOGY: (“man-woman”, a woman who is like a man) (gŵr = man) + soft mutation + (merch = woman)
:_______________________________.
Gwrgenau
‹ ›
1 man's name
ETYMOLOGY: Gwrgenau / Gorgenau < Gworgenau (gwor-
intensifying prefix, ‘over’) + soft mutation + (cenau = cub, whelp)
:_______________________________.
gŵr gradd ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwyr gradd ‹ ›
1 graduate of a university
Osbert Henry Fynes-Clinton (1869-1941), mab rheithor Barlow Moor ger
Didsbury, Manceinion, gŵr gradd o Rydychen, athro Ffrangeg yng Ngholeg
Prifysgol Gogledd Cymru, Bangor, ac awdur “The Welsh Vocabulary of the Bangor
District”(1913)
Osbert Henry Fynes-Clinton (1869-1941), son of the rector at Barlow Moor near
Didsbury, Manchester, a graduate of Oxford, professor of French in University
College of North Wales, Bangor and author of “The Welsh Vocabulary of the
Bangor District” (1913)
ETYMOLOGY: “graduated man” (gŵr
= man) + (gradd = graduated, stem used as a past participle of graddio
= to graduate)
:_______________________________.
gwrhewcri
‹ › masculine noun
1 joking, jocularity
gwrhewcri a ffraethineb ymgom cyfeillion
the jocularity and wit of a conversation between friends
ETYMOLOGY:
..1/ (gwrhëwc, variant of gorhëwg = lively) + (-ri suffix).
..2/ gorhëwg (= lively)
is (gor- intensifying prefix,
‘super-’) + (ewyg = desire) > gorewyg
> gorhewyg, with an intrusive ‘h’ between the two elements, > gorhew’g / gorhewg
..3/ The word gwrhecri has an
unusual form; it is possibly an imitation of gwrhydi (= bravery, courage)
This is probably (gŵr = man) +
(hydr - obsolete in modern Welsh - =
brave, strong) + (-i = suffix for
forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwrhewcru
‹ › verb
1 (South Wales) to joke
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrhewcr-, from the noun
gwrhewcri = fun, joking) + (-u = suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwrhydri
‹ › masculine noun
1 courage, bravery, heroism
2 feat, exploit
gwneud gwrhydri show great prowess,
perform a winning deed
cyflawni gwrhydri perform exploits
Yr oedd y ddau frawd wrth eu bodd gyda’r
gwaith o yrru’r ychain i farchnadoedd Lloegr. Dychwelent adref gan ymffrostio
yn y gwrhydri a fyddent wedi ei gyflawni ar eu taith.
The two brothers loved the work of driving the cattle to the markets of
England. The would return home boasting of their exploits (“of the prowess
committed”) on their journey.
ETYMOLOGY: (1) probably (gwr = man)
+ (hydr = strong, brave) + (-i = suffix for forming abstract
nouns);
(2) if not, it is gwrhydi < gworhydri (gwor- = intensifying prefix) + (hydr = strong, brave) + (-i
= suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwrial ‹ › masculine noun
1 (obsolete) battle
2 Gwrial (obsolete) man’s
name (= manly bravery)
Equivalent to the Irish name Feargal,
with the same Celtic origin
ETYMOLOGY: (gŵr = man) + soft
mutation + (gâl = strength); gwr-ghal > gwr-ial.
The element gâl occurs as an element
in other compound words
..1/ anial (= desert, desolate
place) < British (*ande-gal-)
..2/ arial (= passion, courage) <
British (ar = in front of) + (gâl = strength)
..3/ dial (= to get revenge; (noun)
revenge),
..4/ galanas (= hatred; massacre;
destruction)
..5/ gelyn (= enemy)
..6/ Morial (obsolete forename)
(“great boldness”) (mawr, mor- = big, great)
:_______________________________.
Gwrin ‹ › masculine noun
1 man’s name
2 SH7803 locality and parish
in the county of Powys, near Machynlleth
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Gwrin < Gwryn < Gwrynt < Gwrghynt
< British; equivalent to modern Welsh (gŵr
= man) + soft mutation + (gynt =
people) (from Latin gens, gent- = family;
race)
:_______________________________.
gŵr neu was
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwyrnagweision
‹ ›
1 gŵr neu was (Welsh
Laws) man who is elegible to be a compurgator (testifier of a person's
innocence - from an old court procedure where an accused person is acquitted if
enough people can be found who will swear to his innocence); man of distinction
2 (South-east Wales) gẃrnewas
‹ ›, gwrnewâs ‹ › man, youth
Plural: gwrnegwishon o gwrnegwishwn ‘men, menfolk’ as a group
distinct from ‘women, womenfolk’
(Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / Dictionary of the University of Wales: in Cwm Ogwr
the word is pronounced gwrnawääs)
ETYMOLOGY: “man or lad” (gŵr =
man) + (neu = or) + soft mutation +
(gwas = lad)
:_______________________________.
gwrogi ‹ › verb
1 gwrogi i rywun pay
homage to
ETYMOLOGY: gwrogi < gwriogi
(gwriog = pertaining to a man) + (-i suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwrolwaith ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwrolweithiau ‹ ›
1 brave deed
wedi iddo gyflawni ei wrolwaith after doing his brave deed
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrol =
valient, brave) + soft mutation + (gwaith = work)
:_______________________________.
gŵr
priod, gwyr priod
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 married man
:_______________________________.
gwrtharwr
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwrtharwyr
‹ ›
1
anti-hero
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth- prefix = contra,
anti) + (arwr = hero)
:_______________________________.
gwrtharwrol
‹ › adjective
1
unheroic
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth- prefix = contra,
anti) + (arwrol = heroic)
:_______________________________.
gwrthbleidiol
‹ › adj;;)
1
opposition
grŵp gwrthbleidiol mwyaf largest opposition group
Cadeirir y pwyllgorau hyn gan Aelodau Gwrthbleidiol These committees will be chaired by
opposition members
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrthbleid- < gwrthblaid = partit de l’opposició) + (-iol, suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwrthbrofadwy
‹ › adjective
1 refutable
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrthbrof-, a stem of
the verb gwrthbrofi = refute) + (-adwy, suffix for forming adjectives, =
‘possible’)
:_______________________________.
gwrthbrofi
‹ › verb
1 (verb amb objecte) disprove, refute
scorch a rumour??
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth, prefix = against)
+ soft mutation + (profi = to prove)
:_______________________________.
gwrthdal
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwrthdaliadau
‹ ›
1 ‘counter-payment’
galwad wrthdal (f) galwadau gwrthdal (American: collect
call) (Englandic: reversed-charge call)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth = counter-, against) + soft mutation + (tâl = payment)
:_______________________________.
gwrthdaro
‹ › verb
1 ar lwybr gwrthdaro on a
collison course (“on(a) path (of) colliding”)
2 gwrthdaro collide, hit
each other
3 gwrthdaro â (rhywbeth) collide with (something),
hit (something)
4 (colours) clash
(as a noun)
5 (rivals, combatants) clash
gwrthdaro rhwng aelodau teulu cyfoethog
a clash between the members of a rich family
6 conflict gwrthdaro
rhyngwladol international conflict
7 gwrthdrawiad (m) gwrthdrawiadau
collision, clash, etc
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth, prefix = against)
+ soft mutation + (taro = hit,
strike)
:_______________________________.
gwrthddalen
‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwrthddalennau
‹ ›
1 counterfoil = the part
of a check kept as a record of a payment
yr wrthddalen the counterfoil
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth = counter-, against) + soft mutation + (dalen = leaf, sheet, page)
:_______________________________.
gwrth-derfysg
‹ › adjective
1
gwn gwrth-derfysg riot gun
dryll gwrth-derfysg riot gun
ETYMOLOGY: gwrth- = anti-, contra-,
against ) + soft mutation + ( terfysg
= riot)
:_______________________________.
gwrthdrawiad
‹ › masculine
noun
PLURAL gwrthdrawiadau
‹ ›
1 crash, collision
gwrthdrawiad penben head-on
collision (“collision head (and) head”)
mynd i wrthdrawiad â collide with
(“go to collision with”)
2 confrontation = state of conflict between adverseries
3 clash = disagreement
4 conflict = situation involving two or more parties, one of which
attmpts to gain dominance
Penywaun. Y mae yr addoldy hwn yn mhlwyf
Llanfihangel Llantarnam, tua haner y ffordd o’r Casnewydd i Bontypool... Mae yr
eglwys hon, fel pob un o’r eglwysi ar gyffiniau y Cymry a’r Saeson, wedi
dyoddef mesur mawr o anfantais oddiwrth felldith Babel – cymysgedd ieithoedd,
er’s mwy na deng mlynedd ar hugain. Mae y gwasanaeth yn awr yn cael ei ddwyn yn
mlaen agos, os nad yn gyfan gwbl, yn yr iaith Saesonaeg. Ni fu eglwys Penywaun
ar unrhyw gyfnod o’i hanes yn lluosog iawn. Os bu rhif yr aelodau ar rai adegau
yn gant, ni buont un amser uwchlaw hyny; ac wedi cychwyniad yr achos yn Elim, a
ffurfiad eglwys Annibynol yng Nghwmbran, cyfyngwyd yn fawr ar derfynau yr achos
yn Mhenywaun. Etto, gan fod poblogaeth yr ardal wedi lluosogi yn ddirfawr yn y
pum’ mlynedd ar hugain diweddaf, a’u bod yn debyg o luosogi yn fawr etto mewn
blynyddau dyfydol, mae yma ddigon o faes i bob un o’r tri achos; ac y mae y
rhwystr a barai gwrthdrawiad y ddwy iaith agos wedi llwyr ddiflanu, trwy
fod yr iaith Saesonaeg bellach wedi mynd yn unig iaith yr ardal
(Rees, T & Thomas, J, 1873, Hanes Eglwysi Annibynol Cymru “History
of the Independent Churches of Wales”)
Pen-y-waun. This church is in the parish of Llanfihangel Llantarnam, halfway
between Casnewydd (Newport) and Pont-y-pŵl... This church, as every one of
the churches on the boundaries of the Welsh and the English, has suffered a
great measure of disadvantage from the curse of Babel – a mixture of languages,
for more than thirty years. The service is now carried on almost wholly – if
not completely – in the English language. The church of Pen-y-waun has never
been very numerous at any time in its history. If the number of members on some
occasions was one hundred, they were never at any time above that; and after
the commencement of the cause in Elim, and the setting up of an Independent
church in Cwm-brân, the limits of the cause in Pen-y-waun were greatly
constrained. On the other hand, since the population of the area has increased
enormously in the last twenty-five years, and is likely to increase greatly
again in future years, there is enough scope for each one of the three causes;
and the hurdle which the clash of the two languages caused has almost
disappeared completely, since the English language has now become the only
language of the area.
Rees, T & Thomas, J, 1873, Hanes Eglwysi Annibynol Cymru / “History
of the Independent Churches of Wales”)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth, prefix = against)
+ soft mutation + ( trawiad = impact)
:_______________________________.
gwrthdynnu
‹ › verb
1
gwrthdynnu sylw distract attention
gwrthdynnu’ch sylw distract your
attention
gwrthdynnu sylw oddiwrth rywbeth
distract attention from something
2
(verb with an object) (Physics) repel
tynnu a gwrthdynnu attract and repel
3
(verb without an object) retract
4
(verb without an object) draw back
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth- = contra, against
) + soft mutation + ( tynnu = pull)
:_______________________________.
gwrtheb
‹ › masculine and feminine noun
1 obsolete answer
y gwrtheb / yr wrtheb the answer
2 contradiction, paradox
Y mae rhyw wrtheb ryfedd yn agwedd y
bobl hyn...
There’s a certain odd contradiction in the attitude of these people
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth prefix = against)
+ (heb-, verb = to say)
:_______________________________.
gwrthebu
‹ › verb
1 obsolete answer
2 obsolete contradict
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrtheb = answer) + (-u, suffix for forming verbs) ; there
is an equivalent in Cornish gorthebi
= to answer
:_______________________________.
gwrthfrawychiaeth
‹ › m;;)
1
antiterrorism
ETYMOLOGY: ( gwrth, prefix = against
) + soft mutation + ( brawychiaeth =
terrorism)
:_______________________________.
gwrthgyferbyniad ‹ › masculine
noun
PLURAL gwrthgyferbyniadau
‹ ›
1 contrast
ETYMOLOGY: ( gwrth, prefix =
against, counter- ) + soft mutation + (cyferbyniad
= contrast, comparació)
:_______________________________.
gwrthgyferbyniol
‹ › adjective
1 contrasted, contrasting; showing up the difference between
2 diametrically opposite
mynd i gyfeiriad gwrthgyferbyniol
i go in the opposite direction to
3 Abbreviation (in
a dictionary entry): gthg. = gwrthgyferbyniol contrasting, standing
in contrast
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth- = against;
counter-) + soft mutation + (cyferbyniol
= opposite, contrary)
:_______________________________.
gwrthgyferbynnu
‹ › verb
1 contrast, counterpose, compare
2 Abbreviation (in a
dictionary entry): gthg. = gwrthgyferbynier compare it with...,
contrast it with
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth- = against;
counter-) + soft mutation + (cyferbynnu
= to contrast, to compare)
:_______________________________.
gwrthod
‹ › (verb)
1 to refuse
2 gwrthod arddel (rhywun /
rhywbeth) disown, repudiate
:_______________________________.
gwrthodiad,
gwrthodiadau
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 refusal
gwrthodiad ar ei ben flat
refusal (“a refusal on its head”)
:_______________________________.
gwrthsafiad
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 resistance
gwrthsafiad goddefol passive
resistance
gwrthsafiad di-drais passive
resistance
:_______________________________.
gwrthsefyll
‹ › (verb)
1 (verb with an object) withstand = resist, oppose with
determination, stand up to
:_______________________________.
gwrthstaen
‹ › adjective
1 stain resistant
dur gwrthstaen stainless steel
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth- = against) + (staen = stain)
:_______________________________.
gwrthwyneb
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 opposite
2 i’r gwrthwyneb far from it, quite the
contrary
:_______________________________.
gwrthwynebiad
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 oppostion
cwrdd â gwrthwynebiad run up
against opposition (“meet opposition”)
:_______________________________.
gwrthwynebydd,
gwrthwynebwyr
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 opponent
2 ni + arbed dim (ar
wrthwynebydd) not pull your punches (with an opponent)
(“not + save anything on an opponent”)
:_______________________________.
gwrych
‹gwriikh› masculine noun
PLURAL gwrychoedd‹gwrøkh-oidh ›
(North Wales)
1 hedge
llwyd y gwrych hedge accentor, hedge sparrow (“brown (bird) (of) the
hedge”)
plygu gwrych build a hedge (“fold a hedge”)
clawdd gwrych hedgebank (“bank (of) hedge”)
2 bristles
3 hackles = hairs on a dog's neck
4 gwrych root of the verb gwrychu (= to bristle), used as a past
particple
ar wrych 1 (person) in a bad mood 2
(hair) dishevelled
5 coetrych (South ales) quickset hedge
coetrych < *coed-gh’rych / *coed-gh’rych (coed = wood)
+ soft mutation + (gwrych = hedge)
:_______________________________.
gwrychu
‹gwrøkh-i›
verb
1 (hair of a dog) bristle, bristle up = stand
:_______________________________.
gwst ‹ › masculine
noun
PLURAL gystion
‹ ›
1 pain
2 in the names of many illnesses or
complaints:
cymalwst gout = inflamation of the
big toe from uric acid deposited in the joint (“joint pain” cymal = joint, articulation)
ergydwst concussion (“impact pain”, ergyd
= blow, impact)
3 Hywst ‹ › (obsolete) man's name
(hy- = intensifying prefix) + soft
mutation + ( gwst = heat, burn;
pain)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *gust
(= disappear, die) < Celtic
From the same Celtic root: Irish guais
(= danger)
:_______________________________.
gwta ‹ › adjective
1 Soft mutated form (c > g) of cwta = short; bob-tailed; without a tail
(a) Groesgwta / Groes Gwta house name ‘the short cross’
(b) hwch ddu gwta (“sow + black +
tail-less”) a black sow with no tail supposed to chase people in the dark on Nos Galan Gaeaf (Hallowe’en)
(in the above names there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an
adjective which follows a feminine noun)
(c) Clipiodd ei fwstas yn gwta He
cut his moustache short
NOTE: (1) cwta also has a feminine
form cota; after a feminine noun
both gwta and gota occur (iâr gota = a
tailless hen);
(2) besides y gwta (= hare) there is
also y gota (= hare)
:_______________________________.
gwter
‹ ›
1 soft-mutated form of cwter
(f) (= stream, ditch, gutter)
:_______________________________.
Y Gwter-fawr
‹ ›
1 former name (1800s; then usually spelt Gwter Fawr) of the village
of Brynaman SN7114 (county of Caerfyrddin)
Pwll y Gwter a former coal mine
here, opened in 1855 (“(the) pit (of) the gutter”)
In ‘Wild Wales’ by George Borrow (1862) the author, an Englishman of Cornish
origin, recounts his trip eight years earlier in 1854. He had stopped by the a
fulling mill on the Lleidiach stream and struck up a conversation in Welsh with
a “decent looking man engaged in sawing a piece of wood by the roadside.” The man
mistakes him for a Northern Welshman, which Borrow does not contradict. At the
close of the conversation the man asks:
Welshman: “Where are you going tonight?”
Borrow: “To Gutter Vawr”
Welshman: “Well, then, you had better not loiter, Gutter Vawr is a long way off
over the mountain. It will be dark, I am afraid, long before you get to Gutter
Vawr. Good evening David! I am glad to have seen you, for I have long wished to
see a man from the north country. Good evening! you will find plenty of good
ale at Gutter Vawr.”
ETYMOLOGY: (“the big gutter”) (y
definite article) + soft mutation + (cwter
= gutter) + soft mutation + (mawr =
big)
:_______________________________.
gwthiad ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwthiadau
‹ ›
1
push, push, thrust
rhoi gwthiad i (rywbeth) give
(something) a push / a shove
ETYMOLOGY: (gwth-, stem of gwthio = to push) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwthio
‹ › (verb)
1 to push
2 gwthio (ymosodiad) yn ei ôl
repel (an attack)
3 gwthio eich pig i mewn (i
rywbeth) stick your nose into something (“push your nose...”)
:_______________________________.
Gwy
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 river name (English name: Wye)
:_______________________________.
gwy ‹ › masculine
noun
1 water, fluid (an invented word, not in general use)
2 river
It was used in the form -wy as a
river-name suffix
around 1800-1900.
The great number of river names ending in -wy
(Conwy, Mynwy, Elwy, Ebwy, etc) and the existence of a river with the
name Gwy led to the belief of a
'primitive word' gwy meaning
‘water’. Many river names were 'corrected' in the last century, and the
supposed suffix was 'restored’ to names which had supposedly lost it.
Nowadays these invented forms have largely disappeared, though traces remain in
minor place names (house names and street names)
..a/ Aman (river in the
county of Caerfyrddin, south-west Wales) > Amanwy
Parc Amanwy, Rhydaman (is
this from the name of a local poet who took the name of the river as a
pseudonym?)
..b/ Ewenni (SS9177)
(river in the county of Bro Morgannwg, south-east Wales) > Ewynwy
..c/ Gorci / Orci > Orchwy
(stream in the county of Rhondda
Cynon Taf, south-east Wales)
There is a street called Heol Orchwy in Treorci (county of Rhondda Cynon
Taf)
..d/ Llyfni (county of
Gwynedd, north-west Wales) SH4852 > Llyfnwy. There is a street in
Tal-y-sarn called Maesllyfnwy “Maes Llyfnwy” (“(the) field (on the bank
of the river) Llyfni”)
..e/ Llynfi (SS 8983)
(river in the county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr, south-east Wales) (historically Llynfi) > Llyfnwy
..f/ Mersi > Merswy (River Mersey, name of the river on the estuary of which
Liverpool, England is situated)
..g/ Ogwr > Ogwy
(river in the county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr, south-east Wales)
There is a street called Heol Ogwy
(“Ogwy Street”) in Nant-y-moel (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
One famous example is the Welsh name for the river Chubut in Patagonia - Camwy
(cam = crooked, winding) + (-wy = water, river)
2
bachwy bay
Not in general use. First instance in 1852. Created from (bach = bend) + soft mutation + (gwy, a word supposedly meaning “water” )
:_______________________________.
gwyach,
gwyachod
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 grebe (waterbird)
yr wyach the grebe
:_______________________________.
gwyach gorniog
‹ › femení
PLURAL gwyachog
corniog ‹ ›
1
(Podiceps auritus) Slavonian Grebe
(USA: horned grebe)
ETYMOLOGY: (“horned grebe”) (gwyach
= grebe) + (corniog = horned)
:_______________________________.
gwybedyn,
gwybed
‹ › (masculine noun) gnat
:_______________________________.
gwybedog,
gwybedogion
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 (bird) flycatcher
:_______________________________.
gwybod ‹ › (verb)
1 to know
NOTE:
Root: gwy-, gwydd-
(01) Present Indicative: 1 gwn, gwyddom;
2 gwyddost, gwyddoch, 3 gwyr, gwyddant Impersonal: gwybyddys
(02) Future: 1 gwybyddaf, gwybyddwn;
2 gwybyddi, gwybyddwch, 3 gwybydd, gwybyddant Impersonal: gwybyddir
Colloquially, the periphrastic form is used
..1 byddaf yn gwybod, bywddwn... 2 byddi..., byddwch... 3 bydd..., byddant...
(03) Imperfect Indicative: 1 gwyddwn,
gwyddem; 2 gwyddit, gwyddech; 3 gwyddai, gwyddent; Impersonal: gwyddid
(04) Past Indicative: 1 gwybûm, gwybuom;
2 gwybuost, gwybuoch; 3 gwybu, gwybuont / gwybuant; Impersonal:
gwybuwyd
(05) Pluperfect Indicative: 1 gwybuaswn,
gwybuasem; 2 gwybuasit, gwybuasech;
3 gwybuasai, gwybuasent; Impersonal:
gwybuesid
(06) Present Subjunctive:
..1 gwypwyf, gwypom; 2 gwypych, gwypoch, 3 gwypo, gwypont Impersonal: gwyper
or alternatively
gwybyddwyf, gwybyddom; 2 gwybyddych, gwybyddoch, 3 gwybyddo, gwybyddont Impersonal: gwybydder
(07) Imperfect Subjunctive
..1 gwypwn, gwypem; 2 gwypit, gwypech, 3 gwypai, gwypent Impersonal: gwypid
or alternatively
gwybydden, gwybyddem; 2 gwybyddit, gwybyddech, 3 gwybyddai, gwybyddent Impersonal: gwybyddid
(08) Imperative: 1 -, gwybyddwn; 1 gwybydd, gwybyddwch; 3 gwyped / gwybydded; gwypent / gwybyddent;
Impersonal: 1 -, gwybydder
2 ’Fynnwn i ddim i neb wybod
amdano
I wouldn’t want anybody to find out about it
3 gwybod yn sicr bod... know for a fact that...
mi wn yn sicr ei bod e wedi siarad â hi
I know for a fact that he spoke to her
4 Bron na wn i beth i’w wneud I hardly know what to do
5 gwybod ei hyd a’i led
have somebody sized up (“know his length and his width”)
6 Rw i eto heb wybod pam
I still don’t know why (“I am still without knowing why”)
7 rhoi gwybod (am rywbeth) i
intimate (something) to, inform... of (something)
8 gwybyddwch fod...
(imperatiu) know that, understand that
9
gwybotgar curious = keen to know
gwybotgar < gwybód-gar (gwybod = to
know ) + (-gar suffix for forming
adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru
= to love)
10
gwyddost ti you know
wyddost ti you know
Reduced to wsti, sti
11
a wyddost ti do you know?
sti be < a wyddost ti beth do you know what? (question to highlight
information in the following sentence)
12
mae y cwbl yno sydd eisiau ei wybod
everything you need to know is there
ETYMOLOGY: gwybod < *gwy’fod
< *gwyddfod (gwydd- element now obsolete = to see,to discover)
+ soft mutation + (bod = be, being)
From the same British root: Cornish godhvoz (= to know), Breton gouzout,
gout (= to know)
gwydd is related to
..a/ Irish fios (= knwoledge)
..b/ Sanskrit veda (= knowledge), (veda = I know)
..c/ Latin vid-êre (= to see)
..d/ Greek id-ón < fid-ón
..e/ (Germanic languages) Old English witan (= to know); modern English wit
(ability to use humorous ingenious language), wits (= mental ability);
German wissen (= to know), Norwegian vite (= to know),
:_______________________________.
gwybodaeth
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 knowledge
2 gwybodaeth o (rywbeth) knowledge of
(something)
Mae ei gwybodaeth o Gatalaneg o fudd mawr iddi
Her knowledge of Catalan is a great advantage for her
:_______________________________.
gwybotgar
‹ › adjective
1
gwybotgar curious = keen to know
ETYMOLOGY: gwybotgar < gwybód-gar (gwybod = to know ) + (-gar
suffix for forming adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru = to love)
:_______________________________.
gwybydd
‹ › verb
1 know...! (second person singular imperative of gwybod= to know)
Daniel 6:15 Yna y gwŷr hynny a
ddaethant ynghyd at y brenin, ac a ddywedasant wrth y brenin, Gwybydd, frenin,
mai cyfraith y Mediaid a’r Persiaid yw, na newidier un gorchymyn na deddf a
osodo y brenin.
Daniel 6:15 Then these men assembled unto the king, and said unto the king,
Know, O king, that the law of the Medes and Persians is, That no decree nor
statute which the king establisheth may be changed.
:_______________________________.
gwybyddwch
‹ › verb
1 gwybyddwch fod...
(imperatiu) (second person plural) know that, understand that
(gwybod = to know)
:_______________________________.
gwych
‹ › (adjective)
1 splendid
syniad gwych splendid idea,
brainwave (USA: brainstorm)
:_______________________________.
gwychfawr
‹ › adjective
1 splendid
adeiladau gwychfawr splendid
buildings
ETYMOLOGY: (gwych- ‹ ›, penult form
of gwych ‹ › = splendid) + soft mutation + (mawr = gran)
:_______________________________.
gwydd
‹ › adjective
1
wild
2
(land) uncultivated, overgrown, wild
3
gwythwch (obsolete) wild sow
(gwydd = wild) + (hwch = sow) (dd-h > th)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwydd (g-wydd)
< gw-wydd < British <
Celtic < Indoeuropean *wei-d
Indoeuropean *wei-d is the same root
which gave Celtic *widhu > Welsh gwydd (= tree)
Words corresponding to Welsh gwydd (= wild) are :
Breton gouez (= wild)
Irish: fia (= deer; wilderness)
The sense development would have been (pertaining to the forest, of the wood)
> (wild)
The same sequence is seen in Latin (silva
= wood) > salvâticus ( = of the
wood) > Old French sauvage
English savage
Also Latin salvâticus ( = of the
wood) > Catalan salvatge (= wild)
:_______________________________.
gwydd,
gwyddau
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 goose
:_______________________________.
gwydd
1 ‹ › plural form
1 trees.
See gwydden = tree
:_______________________________.
gwydd
2 ‹ › masculine noun
1 originally = “wooden frame” See gwydden
= tree
2 North Wales plough
Plural: gwyddion
A fuller form is gwydd aredig
(“plough / wooden frame (of) ploughing”)
Generally the word for ‘plough’ is aradr
3 weaver’s loom
Plural: gwyddiau
gwydd dŵr water-powered loom
gwydd llaw hand loom
gwydd mawr big loom
gwydd pŵer power loom
ETYMOLOGY: See gwydden
:_______________________________.
Gwyddel,
Gwyddelod
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 (home) Irishman
:_______________________________.
Gwyddeleg
‹ › (feminine noun, adjective)
1 Irish (language)
:_______________________________.
Gwyddeles,
Gwyddelesau
‹ ›
1 (feminine noun) Irishwoman
y Wyddeles the Irishwoman
:_______________________________.
Gwyddelig
‹ › (adjective)
1 Irish (people, country; not language)
:_______________________________.
gwydden
‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwydd
‹ ›
1 obsolete tree, shrub
y wydden the tree
Genesis 21:14/15 Yna y cododd Abrham y
fore, ac a gymerodd fara, a chostrel o ddwfr, ac a’i rhoddes at Agar, gan osod
ar ei hysgwydd hi hynny, a’r bachgen hefyd, ac efe a’i gollyngodd hi ymaith; a
hi a aeth, ac a grwydrodd yn anialwch Beerseba. A darfu’r dwfr yn y gostel; a
hi a fwriodd y bachgen dan un o’r gwydd
Genesis 21:14/15 And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread, and
a bottle of water, and gave ‹ › unto Hagar, putting ‹ › on her
shoulder, and the child, and sent her away: and she departed, and wandered in
the wilderness of Beersheba. And the water was spent in the bottle, and she
cast the child under one of the shrubs
In Archaeologia Britannica (1707) Edward Lhuyd notes: “gwydd, trees... This is
still used in Caernarvonshire and Meiryonydd”
2 county of Dinbych hedge
3 obsolete timber, wood
(material)
gwyddbwyll (qv) = chess (but
originally a different board game) (“wood-sense”)
4 gwydd (qv) = weaver’s
loom (originally = “wooden frame”)
5 North Wales gwydd (qv) = plough (originally =
“wooden frame”)
6 -wydden, -wydd in some
compounds which are names of trees or shrubs
..1/ derwydd oak trees
..2/ ffawydden beech tree, ffawydd beech trees
..3/ mafonwydd raspberry canes
..4/ marchgastanwydden horse
chestnut tree, marchgastanwydd horse
chestnut trees
(marchcastan = horse chestnut) +
soft mutation + (gwydden = tree)
..5/ myrtwydden myrtle tree, myrtwydd myrtle trees
..6/ pinwydden pine tree, pinwydd pine trees
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *widhu
cf English wood < Old English wudu< widu, from the same Indo-European root:
from the same British root: Cornish gwedhenn,
gwedh (= tree), Breton gwezenn
(= tree)
in the Hibernian Celtic languages: Irish fiodh
(= wood, i.e. the material)
Scottish fiodh (= wood, i.e. the
material)
:_______________________________.
gwyddgrug
‹ › [ˡguiðgrɪg]
masculine noun
1 tumulus, mound, hillock
2
place names
..a/ Cefnwyrgrug by Aberhosan
(district of Maldwyn, county of Powys)
< cefn yr wyddgrug
“(the) hill (of) the tumulus”
..b/ Gwyddgrug (SN4635) at
Llanfihangel ar Arth (county of Caerfyrddin)
..c/ Y Wyddgrug at Madrun (county of
Gwynedd)
..d/ Y Wyddgrug at Ffordun (district
of Maldwyn, county of Powys)
..e/ Yr Wyddgrug town in the county
of Y Fflint (English name: Mold)
ETYMOLOGY: gwydd, a form of gwedd (= form, aspect, shape; face;
?tomb) + soft mutation + ( crug =
tumulus, hillock)
NOTE: In some places [ˡgwɪðgrɪg], with the diphthong [ui] reinterpreted as semiconsonant
w + [ɪ]
:_______________________________.
Gwyddgrug
‹ › [ˡguiðgrɪg]
1 locality in the county of
Caerfyrddin (Dyfed) (SN4635)
ETYMOLOGY: “tumulus, mound, tomb” See the previous entry
:_______________________________.
gwyddoniadur
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwyddoniaduron
‹ ›
1 encyclopaedia
2 bod yn wyddoniadur ar ddwy
droed be a walking encyclopaedia (“be an encyclopedia on two feet”)
ETYMOLOGY: word coined in 1852 (gwyddon
= scholar) + (-i-adur, suffix
indicating a tool or book)
:_______________________________.
gwyddoniaeth
‹
› (feminine noun)
1 science
:_______________________________.
gwyddonol
‹ › (adjective)
1 scientific
2 ffug-wyddonol
pseudo-scientific
:_______________________________.
gwyddor,
gwyddorau
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 alphabet; science
y wyddor the science
2 Gwyddor Ty ‹ › Domestic Science
ETYMOLOGY: The Welsh word gwyddor is
from Latin abecêdârium ‘alphabet’.
Latin ABECEDÂRIUM
> British *AB’KÊDÂR-
> early Welsh *AFGWYDDAWR >
(loss of ‘f’)
> AGWYDDAWR > (aw reduced to o in the final syllable)
> AGWYDDOR > (a becomes e)
> EGWYDDOR > (e dropped)
> GWYDDOR.
The word was confused with the Welsh word of Celtic origin gwydd- = know, knowing, knowledge, and so the plural form (gwyddorau) can also be ‘science’. Egwyddor is used in modern Welsh in the
sense of ‘principle’.
:_______________________________.
gwyddost
‹ › verb
1 (from the verb gwybod =
to know) you know;
Oni wyddost ti mai trwy wneud hynny yr
aeth o’i gof?
Don’t you know that by doing that he went mad?
:_______________________________.
Gwydir ‹ › feminine noun
1 name of a mansion (“plas”) in the parish of Llanrhychwyn, Gwynedd
(near Llan-rwst in the valley of the river Conwy) . (The University of Wales
list of place-name spellings recommends the historical form Gwedir, though it is seldom used if at
all. On English maps the misspelling “Gwydyr” is often found)
2 Bro Gwydir “(the) area
(of) Gwydir”, Gwydir Country.
There is a primary school in Llan-rwst called Ysgol Bro Gwydir
“(the) school (of) Bro Gwydir”
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Gwydir < Gwedir < *Gwadir < *Gwodir
(gwo- prefix = under, below, lower)
+ soft mutation + (tir = land).
The change gwo- to gwa occurs in other words in Welsh (gwahardd = forbid, gwahodd = invite); because there was an i in the following syllable a
became e, a usual occurrence in
Welsh; in a manuscript from the year 1640 it can be seen that the form at that
time was Gwedir; the later change e to y is unusual
The same compound form is found in Irish fothair
(wooded hollow; steep slope toward a precipice) < fuithir (fo = under) +
spirant mutation + (tir = land)
:_______________________________.
gwydn
‹ › (adjective)
1 tough
2 helygen wydn (helyg gwydn) (Salix caprea) goat willow
See: helygen grynddail fwyaf
:_______________________________.
gwydr,
gwydrau
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 glass
2 “chimney” = chimney of a lamp, a glass tube around flame of a lamp
:_______________________________.
gwydrach
‹ › plural noun
1 small pieces of broken glass, fragments of glass;
ETYMOLOGY: (gwydr = glass) + (-ach plural diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwydrach
‹ › (plural noun)
1 glass fragments
:_______________________________.
gwydraid,
gwydreidiau
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 glassful
:_______________________________.
gwydrin
‹ › adjective
1 (obsolete) woad = (attribute) of
woad, where woad grows
2 Ynys Wydrin Glastonbury (England) apparently “woad island”
ETYMOLOGY: ( gwydr = woad) + (-in suffix for forming adjectives) <
Latin vitrium (= glass; woad (Isatis
tinctora), plant with a dye for colouring glass)
English woad < Old English waad is related to Latin vitrium (= glass)
:_______________________________.
Gwydris
‹ › feminine noun
1 (SO5719) Goodrich, a village in England on the western bank of the
river Wye (Gwy) 6km south-west of
Ross-on-Wye (Y Rhosan ar Wy in Welsh); halfway between Ross and the Welsh town of Trefynwy (“Monmouth”)
Castell Gwydris Goodrich Castle, a
ruined castle from the 1200’s
ETYMOLOGY: from the English place name “Goodrich”
:_______________________________.
gwyfyn,
gwyfynod
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 moth
:_______________________________.
gwyl ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwyliau
‹ ›
1 festival = celebration
yr wyl the festival
2 feast-day = saint’s day festival
3 gwyliau (USA: vacation)
(Englandic: holiday, vacation), break from work or study for recreation, rest
or travel
gwyliau tramor holidays abroad,
foreign holidays
4 cadw gwyl observe a
festival
5 Y Gwyliau Christmastide
6 gwyliau (USA: vacation
time) (Englandic: holidays) = part of year when normal activity stops
gwyliau tramor (USA: vacation
abroad) (Englandic: foreign holidays, holidays abroad)
gwyliau ysgol (USA: school vacation)
(Englandic: school holidays)
7 Gwyl, and also Prifwyl, are used to refer to the
national eisteddfod; usually with the definite article. The national eisteddfod = yr Wyl (“the festival”), y Brifwyl (“the main festival”)
8 obsolete vigil, watch,
guard
this sense is the origin of the following expression (still in use):
cadw gwyl bentan stay at home, not go out (“keep a fireside vigil”)
9 noswyl eve = eve of a
festival or religious feast (for fasting, praying)
Noswyl Calan Mai Eve of May Day,
Walpurgis Night (April 30) (“(the) eve (of the) calend (of) May”)
Noswyl Galan New Year’s Eve (31
December) (“(the) eve (of the) calend”)
Noswyl Ifan Midsummer’s Eve (23
June) (“(the) eve (of) John”)
Noswyl Nadolig Christmas Eve (24
December) (“(the) eve (of) Christmas”)
ETYMOLOGY: gwyl < *wyl < *wyghl < British *vigl-
< Latin víg’lia < vígilia (= watch before a religious
festival);
Also from British: Cornish goel (=
feastday), Breton gouel (=
feastday).
Irish féile (= feastday, festival)
is also from Latin vígilia (Lá Fhéile Pádraig = Saint Patrick’s
Day) (“(the) day (of the) festival (of) Pádraig”)
:_______________________________.
gwylan,
gwylannod
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 gull, seagull
yr wylan the gull
gwylan benddu (Larus ridibundus)
black-headed gull
2 Tinddu medd y frân wrth y wylan
the pot calling the kettle black (“black-arse said the crow to the seagull”)
:_______________________________.
gwylan y penwaig
‹ › feminine
noun
PLURAL gwylanod
y penwaig ‹ ›
1 (Larus argentatus) herring gull
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) gull (of) the herrings” (gwylan
= gull) + (y definite article) + (penwaig, plural of pennog = herring)
:_______________________________.
Gwyl Ddewi
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 Saint David’s Day, March 1
:_______________________________.
gwyl ddrama,
gwyliau drama
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 drama festival
yr wyl ddrama the drama festival
:_______________________________.
gwyliau
‹ › (plural noun)
1 holidays; see gwyl;
2 In the South, Y Gwyliau (locally Y Gwila)
= Christmastide, the twelve days of Christmas
:_______________________________.
Gwyl Ifan ‹ › feminine noun
1 Midsummer's Day (June 24); the feast of Saint John the Baptist,
and a quarter day
Noswyl Ifan Midsummer’s Eve (23
June)
Hen Wyl Ifan Old Midsummer’s Day (5
July)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
From the same British root: Cornish Gwoil
Iowann (= Midsummer’s Day)
Breton Gouel Yann (= Midsummer’s
Day)
:_______________________________.
gwylio
‹ › (verb)
1 to watch
:_______________________________.
Gwyl Lafur ‹ › feminine noun
1 Labour Day (first of May)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyl = feastday,
holiday) + soft mutation + (llafur =
labor/ labour)
:_______________________________.
gwyllt
‹ › (adjective)
1 wild
2 Aeth yn daro gwyllt All
hell broke loose, blows fell thick and fast (“it became wild hitting”)
3 as a second element in some compound words
..1 cocwyllt randy
(coc = cock, penis ) + soft mutation
+ (gwyllt = wild, out of control)
..2/ ffrochwyllt furious, fierce,
wild, broiling
sŵn y rhaeadr ffrochwyllt the
sound of the broiling waterfall
ffrochwyllt < ffrychwyllt < rhychwyllt < rhywyllt
(= furious)
(rhy- prefix = very, greatly,
extremely; the same as the adverb rhy
= too, overly) + soft mutaiton + (gwyllt
= furious).
The ‘ch’ is not easy to explain; it may be due to the influence of words such
as chwyrnu (= to snarl), chwyl (= turn, rotation)
4 car gwyllt (obsolete) bicycle
In the days of long ago, when bicycles
were an object of awe and wonder to the youth of Carnarvon, we never called
them by any other name other than ceffyl haearn or car gwyllt
T Hudson Williams (1873-1961), University College, Bangor / Vox Populi - A Plea
for the Vulgar Tongue
“wild sled” (car = sled) + (gwyllt = wild)
5
tân gwyllt firewok or fireworks
tanen wyllt firework
:_______________________________.
gwylmabsant ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwylmabsantau ‹ ›
1 parish feastday, parish festival, parish wake = the day of the
parish saint, dedication festival, celebration of the patron saint (‘feastday of the little saint’, mab = son, used here as a
diminutive)
(formerly a time of wild revelry and merrymaking)
yr wylmabsant the parish feast day
2 gwely glabsant makeshift bed (“bed (of) (a) parish wake”) < gwely
gwylmabsant
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyl =
festival, celebration) + (mabsant = saint, diminutive form of the word sant
through prefixing mab, literally ‘son’)
NOTE: colloquial forms: glabsant, glasbant
:_______________________________.
gwylmabsanta ‹ › verb
1 celebrate the festival of a patron saint of a parish
2 engage in wild revelry
ETYMOLOGY: (gwylmabsant =
parish feast, parish festival, parish wake) + (-a suffix for forming
verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwylog,
gwylogod
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 guillemot
yr wylog the guillemot
:_______________________________.
Gwyl y Geni ‹ › feminine noun
1 Christmas, the Nativity (“(the) festival (of) the birth”)
Mis Rhagfyr 1907 oedd hi, ar drothwy
Gwyl y Geni...
It was December 1907, just before Christmas
:_______________________________.
Gwyl y Glaniad ‹ › feminine noun
1 (Patagonian Welsh) anniversary of the landing of the first Welsh
pioneers in Porth Madryn, Patagonia (28 July 1865) (“festival (of) the
landing”). In recent years, also celebrated on this date in Y Bala by the
Patagonian Welsh who are living in Wales
:_______________________________.
gwymon
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 seaweed
:_______________________________.
gwyn 1 ‹ › (adjective)
1 white
2 flower names
pabi gwyn (“white poppy”)
This is another name for cysglys or cwsglys (Papaver somniferum) Opium
Poppy
3 white = colour of tin
saer gwyn tinman, tin worker
gof gwyn tinsmith (“white smith”)
4 (y) Maes-gwyn house
name, street name ‘the white field’
5
helygen wen (helyg gwynion) (Salix alba) white willow
6
gwen- First element in place names
based on a masculine noun (apparently the vowel y has opened out into e, though
inexplicably)
Gwenddwr (village in Powys) (dwr =
water, stream)
Gwendraeth (river in county of
Caerfyrddin) (traeth = seaside beach, river beach)
7 merfog gwyn (m), merfogiaid gwyn / gwynion (Blicca bjoerkna)
silver bream
8 hywyn white; very white, sparkling
Hywyn = saint to whom Aberdaron
parish church is dedicated
(hy- = intensifying prefix) + soft
mutation + ( gwyn = white)
9 place names – after names of buildings (refers usually to limewash)
Hafod-wen white summer farm
Tŷ-gwyn white house
10
migwyn (North Wales) bog moss
“bog-white” migwyn < mig’wyn < mignwyn
(mign = bog) + soft mutation + ( gwyn = white)
11
croenwyn white-skinned
pobl groenwyn white people
(croen = skin) + soft mutation + (gwyn = white)
12
in names expressing the idea of heaven, paradise
gwladwen heaven, paradise “white /
blessed / fair land” (gwlad =
country, land) + soft mutation + (gwen,
feminine form of gwyn = white /
blessed / fair )
gwenwlad heaven, paradise (the same
elements reversed)
gwynfa heaven, paradise
:_______________________________.
gwyn ‹ › (m)
PLURAL gwyniau
‹ ›
1
(North Wales) desire, satisfaction, craving
gweld eich gwyn (ar rywbeth) = take
a fancy to (something)
(Sefyllfa: Mae’r gof ar fin dychwelyd i’w efail) "Well ‘i mi roi'r troed gora mlaen'" ebe Huw, 'swybod ar y
ddaear na fydd o wedi gweld i wyn ar rwbath os bydd o acw o mlaen i. Mae o'n
meddwl fod pawb yn lladron, a lleidar weiddith lleidar gynta wyddoch
Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (= Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910)
(Situation: The smith is about to go back to his smithy) “I’d better put my
best foot forward,” said Huw. There’s no
knowing whether he’ll take a fancy to something if he’s down there before me.
He thinks that everybody is a thief, but a thief is always the first to accuse
others of thieving (“a thief shouts thief first”)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyn = white) (with the
influence of gŵyn (= desire))
:_______________________________.
Gwyn
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 man’s name; in origin, the first
element of names such as Gwynoro, Gwynlliw, etc
:_______________________________.
Gwyndodeg
‹ › (feminine noun, adjective)
1 the dialect of Gwynedd
y Wyndodeg the dialect of Gwynedd
:_______________________________.
gwyndon ‹ ›
1 meadow
gwyndon (gwyn = white) + soft mutation + (ton = meadow)
The standard form is gwyndwn (with change of final o > w)
Pantygwyndon Name noted by John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) 'Cardiff
Records' (1889-1911)
“PANT-Y-GWYNDON
(the hollow of the white leyland.) A tenement in the parish of Pentyrch and
lordship of Miscyn (1666.)”
(These place names are Pen-tyrch, Meisgyn)
:_______________________________.
gwyndwn
1 meadow
From gwyndon (gwyn = white) + soft mutation + (ton =
meadow)
(The standard form gwyndwn shows a change of final o > w)
NOTE: a variant is
..1/ gwndwn ‹ ›
Also in the south-east there are
..2/ gwyndon ‹ ›
..3/ gwndon ‹ ›
Examples:
..1/ gwndwn
Penygwndwn (“(the) end (of) the meadow”)
In Blaenau Ffestiniog (county of Gwynedd), there are “Penygwndwn Bungalows”
(Welsh name: ?Tai Penygendwn) and “Penygwndwn Estate” (Welsh name: ?Stad
Penygwndwn)
..2/ gwyndon
Pantygwyndon Name noted by John
Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911)
“PANT-Y-GWYNDON (the hollow of the white leyland.) A tenement in the parish
of Pentyrch and lordship of Miscyn (1666.)”
(These place names are Pen-tyrch, Meisgyn)
:_______________________________.
..1 gwyndy
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwyndai
‹ ›
1 (obsolete) church, holy house
2 (house name) white house
3 Heol Gwyndy street in
Pentre-chwyth (county of Abertawe) (official name: Gwyndy Road)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyn = white; holy) +
soft mutation + (ty = house)
:_______________________________.
..2 gwyndy
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwyndai
‹ ›
1 (place names) may sometimes be a form of gwindy = wine house, wine store
ETYMOLOGY: (gwin = wine) + soft
mutation + (ty = house)
:_______________________________.
Gwynedd
‹ › feminine noun
1 medieval territory in north-west Wales; Latin name: Vênedotia
2 county in the north-west since 1974-1996 (conglomeration of the
old counties of Sir Fôn, Sir Gaernarfon, Sir Feirionydd)
3 county in the north-west since 1996 (smaller in size - with the
detachment of Sir Fôn which became a county in its own right, and part of the
eastern fringe included in the new county of Conwy)
economi’r Wynedd wledig the economy
of rural Gwynedd
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Gwynedd ‹ › (consonant
+ vocal) < Gwynedd ‹ › (diphthong)
< *Gwwynedd ‹ › <
British wêned-; (British ê always gives the diphthong wy in modern Welsh, and the initial
consonant w > gw – consonant g + consonant w – in
modern Welsh)
Possibly the same as Old Irish féni
(= Irish people) < fían (= band
of warriors)
(modern Irish fiann, genitive féinne) (= wandering band of warrior
hunters; band of warriors)
< *wen- (= fight, desire)
cf Latin Venus (= love), venâri (= to hunt), vênâtor (= hunter)
NOTE: Tudalen 62, Yr Iaith Gymraeg – Ei Horgraff a’i Chystrawen, D Tecwyn
Evans, Lerpwl 1911: “Arfer pob ‘e’ hir yn
Latin oedd troi’n wy yn Gymraeg. Felly y daeth ‘rhwyf’ o ‘rêmus’; ‘rhwyd’ o
‘rète’; ‘dwys’ o ‘dênsus’; ‘eglwys’ o ‘ecclêsia’; ‘cannwyll’ o ‘candêla’;
‘gwenwyn’ o ‘venênum’; ‘Gwynedd’ o ‘Vênedotia’... Gŵynedd... nid Gwynedd:
y ferch addfwyn o Wynedd...”
It was usual for every long ‘e’ in Latin to become ‘wy’ in Welsh. Thus ‘rhwyf’
(= oar) from ‘rêmus’; ‘rhwyd’ (= net) from ‘rête’; ‘dwys’ (dense) from
‘dênsus’; ‘eglwys’ (= church) from ‘ecclêsia’; ‘cannwyll’ (= candle) from
‘candêla’; ‘gwenwyn’ (poison) from ‘venênum’; ‘Gwynedd’ from ‘Vênedotia’...
Gwynedd (diphthong) ... not Gwynedd (consonant + vowel) : “y ferch addfwyn o
Wynedd...” the gentle girl from Gwynedd...”
NOTE: Page 46 / A Welsh Grammar - Historical and Comparative
/ John Morris-Jones (1864-1929) /
1913: The following words may be
mentioned as those most commonly mispronounced: wy is the falling
diphthong in cern
‘vat’, disgl,
‘look, expect’, Gnedd
‘Venedotia’, Gndid,
id., morn
‘maiden’, tern
‘ fervent’; it is the rising diphthong in oherdd
‘because of’, cychn,
‘rise, start’, erchn
‘protector, [bed]-side’, deddd
‘happy’
:_______________________________.
Gwynedd
‹ ›
1 masculine noun man’s
name
2 feminine noun woman’s
name
ETYMOLOGY: from the name of the region (now a county, since 1974) in the
north-west
:_______________________________.
Gwyneddaidd
‹ › adjective
1 of Gwynedd, belonging to Gwynedd, Venedotian
ETYMOLOGY: (Gwynedd = name of region
/ county) + (-aidd suffix for
forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Gwyneddig
‹ › adjective
1 of Gwynedd, belonging to Gwynedd, Venedotian
ETYMOLOGY: (Gwynedd = name of region
/ county) + (-ig suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Gwyneddig
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL Gwyneddigion
‹ ›
1 obsolete man or woman
from Gwynedd, person from Gwynedd, Venedotian
2 Cymdeithas y Gwyneddigion
‘association (of) the Venedotians’, 1770-1843, society of Northern Welshmen
living in London which promoted Welsh culture, publishing early manuscripts and
reviving the Eisteddfod
ETYMOLOGY: = Gwyneddig (adjective)
:_______________________________.
Gwynedd Is
Conwy
‹ ›
1 (medieval Wales) country in the
north-west (Gwynedd above the river Conwy)
:_______________________________.
Gwyneddol
‹ › adjective
1 of Gwynedd, belonging to Gwynedd, Venedotian
hynodrwydd Gwyneddol yw swnio “z” fel
“s”
a Venedotian peculiarity / a peculiarity of Gwynedd is to pronounce “z” as “s”
ETYMOLOGY: (Gwynedd = name of region
/ county) + (-ol suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Gwynedd Uwch
Conwy
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 (medieval Wales) country in the
north-west (Gwynedd below the river Conwy)
:_______________________________.
Gwyneddwr
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL Gwyneddwyr ‹ ›
1 Venedotian, man from Gwynedd
ETYMOLOGY: (Gwynedd = name of region
/ county) + (-ig suffix = ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
Gwyneddwraig
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL Gwyneddwragedd ‹ ›
1 Venedotian, woman from Gwynedd
y Wyneddwraig the woman from Gwynedd
ETYMOLOGY: (Gwynedd = name of region
/ county) + (-wraig suffix =
‘woman’)
:_______________________________.
Gwyneth
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name
:_______________________________.
gwynfan
‹ › masculine noun
1 fair place; paradise
Street name
..a/ Rhosllannerchrugog, county of Wrecsam
..b/ Nant-y-caws, county of Caerfyrddin
..c/ “Gwynfan Place”, Merthyrtudful (the Welsh name for this street would be
simply “Gwynfan” as in the two examples above)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwynn-, penult syllable
form of gwyn = white, fair) + soft
mutation + (man = lloc)
:_______________________________.
gwynfardd
‹ › masculine
noun
1 druid = highest order in Congress
of Bards (Gorsedd Beirdd Ynys Prydein)
ETYMOLOGY: “blessed bard” (gwyn- ‹ ›,
penult form of gwyn ‹ ›) + soft
mutation + (bardd = bard, poet)
:_______________________________.
Gwynfor
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 man’s name (gwyn = white, mawr =
great)
:_______________________________.
gwynfryn
‹ › masculine
noun
1 white hill
ETYMOLOGY: “blessed bard” (gwyn- ‹
›, penult form of gwyn ‹ ›) + soft
mutation + (bryn = hill)
:_______________________________.
Gwynfryn
‹ ›
1 man's name (from a place name)
ETYMOLOGY: See gwynfryn above
:_______________________________.
Y Gwynfryn
‹ ›
1 locality in Wrecsam Maelor (SJ2552)
Former name Pentre'r-bais
2 the Welsh name for the hill on
which the Tower of London stands
For the Tower itself the Dictionary of the Welsh Academy has Y Tŵr Gwyn (“the white tower”),
and Tŵr Llundain
Aethpwyd â phen Bendigeidfran i'w chladdu yn y Gwynfryn yn Llundain
The head of Bendigeidfran was taken to be buried in the White Hill
3 Pentregwynfryn locality in Llanbedr (county of Gwynedd) (“the
village of Y Gwynfryn”)
:_______________________________.
gwynfydedig
‹ › adj
1
blessèd; happy, joyful, blissful
pobl wynfydedig blissful people
ETYMOLOGY: (gwynfyd- stem of gwynfydu = make happy, gladden; bless)
+ (-edig suffix for forming a past
participle adjective)
:_______________________________.
gwynfydedigrwydd
‹ › m
1
beatitude, blessedness
gwynfydedigrwydd y saint the
beatitude of the saints
:_______________________________.
ETYMOLOGY: (gwynfydedig = joyful,
blessèd) (-rwydd suffix for forming
abstract nouns)
gwyngollen
‹ › feminine
noun
PLURAL gwyngyll
‹ ›
1 white hazel (used for walking sticks, fishing rods, hurdles, and
in the framework of wattle and daub walls
2 place names: Llanfair
Pwllgwyngyll
(This is “the Llanfair which is at Pwllgwyngyll”, the name of a medieval township here.)
Pwllgwyngyll is (“(the) pool (of) (the) white hazels”
In the village there is a street called Y
Gwyngyll (the white hazels)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyn = white) + soft
mutation + (collen = hazel)
In Irish there is an equivalent form fionncholl
(= witch hazel)
:_______________________________.
gwyngyll
‹ ›
1 white hazels: See gwyngollen
:_______________________________.
Gwyngyll
‹ ›
1 name of an electoral ward on the island of Môn / Anglesey
Ward Gwyngyll
2 Y Gwyngyll name of a former
children’s home in the village of Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll
3 Pwllgwyngwyll Name of a
medieval township on the island of Môn / Anglesey (“whirlpool by the place
called Gwyngyll (= white hazels”)”)
The church dedicated to Mary (Llanfair) situated in this township was distinguished
from others in Wales by the addition of the name of the township – Llanfair
Pwllgwyngyll
According to Samuel Lewis 'A
Topographical Dictionary of Wales', third edition 1849)
“LLANVAIR-PWLLGWYNGYLL (LLAN-FAIR-PWLL-GWYNGYLL), a parish, in the
union of Bangor and Beaumaris, hundred of Tyndaethwy, county of Anglesey, North
Wales, 4 miles (W. by S.) from Bangor; containing 617 inhabitants. The name of
this parish is derived from the dedication of its church to St. Mary, and the
distinguishing adjunct from its position nearly opposite to a whirlpool in the
Menai strait, formed by the Swelley rocks, which rages with impetuous violence,
and of which the term "Pwll Gwyngyll" is emphatically descriptive.
The rocks, most of which are visible at low water, obstruct the channel of the
strait, and when the lower rocks are covered, the tide, rushing between them
with tremendous fury, forms numerous vortices and strong eddies, exceedingly
dangerous to vessels navigating this part of the Menai, which are sometimes
caught by the rapidity of the current, and dashed against the rocks that appear
above the surface. The difficulty of avoiding this impending danger at certain
states of the tide, and the roaring noise and violent agitation of the waters,
have obtained for this part of the strait the appellation of the Scylla and
Charybdis of Welsh mariners, of similar import with its Welsh name Pwll Ceris.
At high water the agitation subsides, and the appearance of the surface is
smooth and tranquil, differing in no respect from the other parts of the
strait.”
:_______________________________.
gwyniad
‹ › masculine
noun
PLURAL gwyniaid
‹ ›
1 gwyniaid penfain Thymallinae
2 gwyniaid Coregoninae
3 (Coregonus
clupeoides pennantii) gwyniad Llyn Tegid
(m), gwyniaid Llyn Tegid
gwyniad (the Welsh name is used in English to refer to this particular fish), a
white freshwater fish, found in Llyn Tegid, a lake at Bala, a survival from the
Ice Age. An alternative English name is whiting
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyn- = penult form of gwyn = white) + (-iad, suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwyniad Llyn
Tegid ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwyniaid
Llyn Tegid ‹ ›
1 Coregonus clupeiodes
pennantii gwyniad (the Welsh name is used in English to refer to this
particular fish), or whiting (white freshwater fish, found in Llyn Tegid, a
lake at Y Bala, a survival from the Ice Age)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyn- = penult form of gwyn = white) + (-iad, suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
Gwynionydd
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 (medieval Wales) division of the
kantrev of Is Aeron, south-west Wales
:_______________________________.
Gwynllŵg
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 (medieval Wales) division of Morgannwg,
south-east Wales
:_______________________________.
Gwynno
‹ ›
1 name of a male saint of the Celtic Church.
...(1) One of the three saints to whom the church at Llantrisant is dedicated
(llan y tri sant - (the) church (of) the three saints) - Illtud, Gwynno and
Tyfodwg
...(2) One of the five saints to whom the church at Llanpumsaint (SN4129)
(county of Caerfyrddin, south-west Wales) is dedicated (llan y pum saint -
(the) church (of) the five saints) – Ceitho, Celynen, Gwyn, Gwynno, and
Gwynoro)
2 street name Llys Gwynno,
Creigiau, county of Caer-dydd (“court (of) Gwynno”) (Postcode: CF15 9EU)
3 Daearwynno (qv) A farm
by Llanwynno church ST0295 (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (“(the) land
(belonging to the church dedicated to) Gwynno”
(daear = land) + soft mutation + (Gwynno = saint’s name)
4 Llanwynno (the) church
(of) Gwynno (SO0395) locality in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf (South-east
Wales)
5 man's given name (from the saint’s name)
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently Gwyn (first element of a compound name;
gwyn = white, fair, holy) + (-o diminutive suffix)
Cornish Gwinnow
:_______________________________.
gwynnog ‹ › adjective
1
(obsolete) windy
The modern word is gwyntog
2
(obsolete) windy = exposed to the wind
3
Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary (page 1778) includes
the place name Hafodwynnog as an
example of this word, suggesting that it means “windy hafod, windy summer
pasture, windy summer residence”.
It is found as Hafodwnnog in
..a/ Ffostrasol, Ceredigion
..b/ Llansanffráid, Ceredigion
..c/ Uwchygarreg, Machynlleth
Place-name analyst Professor Melville Richards however took this to be wynnog “of lambs”, from oen / wyn (= lamb / lambs). See wynnog
ETYMOLOGY: gwynnog < gwyntog (gwynt- = wind) + (-og
suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Gwynnog ‹ › adjective
1
saint’s name
2 Llanwnnog ‹lhan-u-nog›, originally Llanwynnog
“church (of) Gwynnog” (llan = church) + soft mutation + (Gwynnog).
(SO0293) village in
Powys (Sir Drefaldwyn division)
A Topographical Dictionary of Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849
LLANWNNOG (LLAN-WYNNOG), a parish, in the union of Newtown and
Llanidloes, Lower division of the hundred of Llanidloes, county of Montgomery,
North Wales, 6½ miles (W. by N.) from Newtown; containing 1716 inhabitants. Its
name is derived from the dedication of its church to St. Gwynnog, an eminent
member of the congregation of Catwg, who flourished about the middle of the
sixth century, and was canonized after his decease.
3 Tywynnog ‹tə-wə-nog ‹ › Diminutive form of Gwynnog
Botwnnog (SH2631) village in Gwynedd
(bod + Tywynnog) > Bod-dywynnog
(“church (of) Tywynnog”) > Botywynnog
> Bot’wynnog > Botwnnog
ETYMOLOGY: The saint’s name is (gwyn,
gwynn- = white; pure; holy) + (suffix –og)
The change of [wi] in the penult syllable to [u] occurs in other words in Welsh
:_______________________________.
Gwynoro
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 man’s name
:_______________________________.
gwynt,
gwyntoedd / gwyntoedd
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 wind;
2 (South) smell
Mae gwynt (rhywbeth) ar
‹ › it smells of (something),
(“there is a smell / a wind of (something) on”)
3 (South Wales) smell (= unpleasant smell)
gwynt drwg bad smell
Mae gwynt drwg ar ei anadl He’s got
bad breath, his breath smells (“there’s a bad smell on his breath”)
gwynt cas nasty smell, bad smell
Mae gwynt cas ar ei anadl (“there’s
a nasty smell on his breath”)
4 (animal) bod dan y gwynt (“be under the wind”)
be downwind of you, be in the wind which comes from behind the hunter
(animal) bod o du’r gwynt i
be upwind of, be in a position where the wind moves from a hunted animal
towards the the hunter
(“be of the direction of the wind to”)
(animal) bod rhyngoch chi â’r gwynt
(“be between you and the wind”)
= be downwind, be in the wind comes from the direction of the hunter
Roedd y carw rhyngof fi â’r gwynt
The deer was downwind of me
(“the deer was between me and the wind”)
5 pwyso ar wynt rhywun pressurise
somebody (“weigh on the wind / breath of somebody”)
pwyso ar wynt tyst pressurise a witness
6 hwylio yn agos i’r gwynt / hwylio yn agos at y gwynt sail
close to the wind; (figuratively) undertake a difficult course, take a risk,
lay oneself open to disaster
7 hel
gwynt i sachau try to do the impossible (“gather wind into sacks”)
8 gosod gwynt o dan adenydd
(rhywun) give an impulse to somebody (in some enterprise) (“put wind under
the wings of (someone)”)
9 Names of houses and streets
..1/ Sŵn-y-gwynt (“(the) sound
(of) the wind”)
….a/ street name in Y Fflint (“Swn y Gwynt”)
….b/ street name in Rhostrehwfa, Llangefni (county of Môn) (“Swn y Gwynt”)
Cf Llais yr Awel / Llaisyrawel (“(the) sound / voice (of)
the wind”) house name
10 Crud-y-gwynt house name and street name
(“(the) cradle (of) the wind”) (crud
= cradle) + (y = the) + (gwynt = wind)
11 cael gwynt rhywun ynghylch rhywbeth sound somebody out, find out
somebody’s opinion about something
12 Dyna ganpunt arall i ganlyn y gwynt (of money spent or wasted)
That’s another hundred pounds spent, That’s another hundred pounds down the
drain, That’s another hundred pounds I’ll never see again (“There’s another
hundred pounds to follow the wind”)
13
Mae si yn y gwynt bod... There’s a
rumour in the wind that..., It’s rumoured that...
14
gweld pa ffordd y mae’r gwynt yn chwythu
see how things are / see how things stand, see how the land lies
:_______________________________.
gwyntio ‹ › verb
1
(South Wales), (North-east Wales) (verb with an object) smell = detect the
smell of
2
smell, sniff = examine by smelling
Roedd y ci’n gwyntio’r llawr The dog
was sniffing the ground
3
(verb without an object) smell = give off a smell
gwynto yn gas smell bad, stink
gwynto fel tail = smell like manure
4
stink out, pong out = cause a place to smell
Ma fe'n gwynto'r lle i gyd It’s
stinking the place out (“it stinks all the place”)
Ma’n gwynto saith 'ewl (South) (=
Mae’n gwyntio saith heol) It stinks to high heaven (“it stinks out seven
streets”)
5
cause a draught to
gwynto'i wyneb cool one’s face in a draught
6 fan, winnow
7 fart, break wind
8 breathe
9 blow = be stormy
(district of Meirionydd) Mae’n gwyntio
yn gadarn It’s blowing hard
ETYMOLOGY: (gwynt = wind) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: (South Wales) gwynto (in the
south the ending -io generally
becomes -o)
:_______________________________.
gwynto ‹ › verb
1
southern form of gwyntio
NOTE: (South Wales) gwynto (in the
south the ending -io generally
becomes -o)
:_______________________________.
gwyntog
‹ › (adjective)
1 windy
:_______________________________.
gwyr
‹ › (verb)
1 he / she / it knows
2 Fe’n unig a wyr Only he
knows, No-one knows but him
:_______________________________.
Gwŷr
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 (cantref = “kantrev”)
1 (medieval Wales) division of Ystrad
Tywi, south-west Wales
:_______________________________.
gwyrdd
‹ › (adjective)
1 green
2 glaswyrdd aquamarine =
blue tinged with green“blue green, green which is bluish”
(glas = blue) + soft mutation + (gwyrdd = green)
3 names of birds
..1/ cnocell werdd (Picus viridus)
green woodpecker
4 yr Ynys Werdd Ireland
(“the green island”)
5 helygen werdd (Salix x rubra)
green-leaved willow
:_______________________________.
gwyrddaidd ‹ › adjective
1
greenish
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyrdd- ‹ ›, < gyrdd ‹ › = green) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwyrddlas
‹ › adjective
feminine form: gwerddlas ‹ › ;
plural form gwyrddleision ‹ ›
1
green, greenish
Lefeticus 13:49 Os gwyrddlas neu
goch fydd yr anafod yn y dilledyn, neu yn y croen, neu yn yr ystof, neu yn yr
anwe, neu mewn dim o groen; pla’r gwahanglwyf yw efe; a dangoser ef i’r
offeiriad
Leveticus 13:49 And if the plague be greenish or reddish in the garment, or in
the skin, either in the warp or in the woof, or anything of skin; it is a
plague of leprosy and shall be showed unto the priest
2 blue-green,
a colour between green and blue in the spectrum
algâu gwyrddlas blue-green algae,
cyanbacteria
“Mae algâu gwyrddlas yn wenwynig” yw’r neges ar arwyddion o
gwmpas y llyn
“Blue-green algae are poisonous” is the message on signs around the lake
3 verdant = covered with green vegetation, in green leaves
Safai
yr eglwys honno ar lecyn tawel, gwyrddlas
That church stood on a quiet, verdant spot
cae gwyrddlas
a green field
coed gwyrddlas
a green wood
Brenhinoedd-2 16:2 Mab ugain mlwydd oedd
Ahas pan ddechreuodd efe deyrnasu... (16:4) Ac efe a aberthodd ac a arogldarthodd yn yr uchelfeydd, ac ar y
bryniau, a than pob pren gwyrddlas
Kings-2 16:2 Twenty years old ‹ › Ahaz when he began to reign...
16:4 And he sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places, and on the hills,
and under every green tree.
4 green = inexperienced, immature, unsophisticated
Dyna’r ardal lle bu yn gweithio fel
athrawes wyrddlas
5
helygen werddlas (helyg gwyrddleision) (Salix alba var.
caerulea) cricket-bat willow
See: helygen las
That’s the area where she worked as a green (= inexperienced) teacher
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyrdd = green) + soft
mutation + (glas = blue, green)
Breton gurlaz lizard (“green (animal)”)
NOTE: also gwyrdd las ‹ ›
:_______________________________.
gwyrddni
‹ › masculine noun
1 greenness
gwyrddni’r tir yn y gwanwyn the
greenness of the land in the spring
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyrdd = green) + (-ni suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwyrfa
‹ › feminine
noun
1 (South Wales) y wyrfa colloquial form of yr
öoerfa. See göoerfa (= cool
place, shady place)
In Rugos (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) there is a farm called Wyrfa Uchaf
:_______________________________.
Gwyrfai
‹ ›
1 Afon Gwyrfai = river in Arfon (Gwynedd)
2 Owain Gwyrfai Owen Williams (1790-1874) poet, born in Y Waun-fawr
(county of Gwynedd)
See Hen Arweinwyr Eisteddfodau / Daniel Williams / Llyfrau Pawb 12 / 1944
3 former administrative district (until
1974), a rural district in the county of Caernarfon
ETYMOLOGY: ( gwyr = curve) + soft
mutation + (bai = curve)
:_______________________________.
gwyrgam ‹ guir-gam› adjective
1 crooked, bent, leaning to one side; not vertical, not
perpendicular, not erect
adfeilion
aflêr yr hen wrychoedd gŵyrgeimion
the untidy remains of the old bent hedges
2 Mae’n fingul, mae’n fongam, mae’n wargul, mae’n wyrgam description
of a bridge by Edward Richard, Ystradmeuirg 1803 (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru /
University of Wales Dictionary t300)
It is narrow-edged, it is bandy-leggèd (= one of the bases is out of position),
it is narrow-humped, it is leaning to one side
2 deceptive, less than honest, untruthful
ETYMOLOGY: (gŵyr = crooked, bent, askew, slanting) + soft
mutation + (cam = crooked, bent)
:_______________________________.
gwyrgamu ‹ guir-gam-i› adjective
1 lean to one side, incline
adfeilion
aflêr yr hen wrychoedd gŵyrgeimion
the untidy remains of the old bent hedges
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyrgam = askew, slanting) + soft mutation + (-u adjectival
suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwydroad,
gwydroadau
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 perversion
gwyrdroad rhywiol sexual perversion
:_______________________________.
gwyrdroedig
‹ › (adjective)
1 perverted
:_______________________________.
gwyriad,
gwyriadau
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 deviation
gwyriad rhywiol sexual deviation
:_______________________________.
gwyros
‹ › masculine
noun
1 privet, privet hedge
gwalchwyfyn y gwyros privet
hawk-moth
2 Caer Gwyrosydd Spurious
name for Ystumllwyarth (in English, Oystermouth) in the county of Abertawe.
Occurs in a list of Welsh names in the article “Seisnigo Enwau Cymréig”
(“Englishing Welsh Names”) / Emrys ap Iwan / Y Geninen / Rhif 1 / Ionawr, 1897
3 Gwyrosydd name of a
poet. See below
ETYMOLOGY: The first element is apparently (gwyr = crooked, slanting); + (-os
= plural suffix)
NOTE: Also cwyros, possibly because
the initial g was thought to be the
soft mutation of c
:_______________________________.
gwyrosydd
‹ › masculine
noun
1 privet hedges.
See gwyros
:_______________________________.
Gwyrosydd
‹ ›
1 Bardic name of the poet Daniel James (1847-1920), of Tre-boeth,
county of Abertawe. Wrote the words to the hymn Calon Lân (“pure heart”). In Tre-boeth there is a street named Heol Gwyrosydd
:_______________________________.
gwyrth,
gwyrthiau
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 miracle
y wyrth the miracle
:_______________________________.
gwyryfdy ‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gwyryfdai
‹ ›
1 (obsolete) nunnery
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyryf- ‹ ›, penult form
of gwyryf ‹ › = virgin) + soft mutation + (ty = house)
:_______________________________.
gwystl ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwystlon
‹ ›
1 pledge, pawn = thing or person left in another’s keeping as
security until some obligation has been carried out
2 pledge, surety, bond, collateral;
thing deposited as a pledge that a loan will be repaid
Eseciel 18:7 Na gorthrymu neb, ond a
roddes ei wystl i’r dyledwr yn ei ôl
Ezekiel 18:7 And hath not oppressed any, but hath restored to the debtor his
pledge
3 condition of being collateral
bod yng ngwystl be in pledge
cael yng ngwystl receive as a pledge
cymryd yng ngwystl take as a pledge
dodi yng ngwystl put in pledge, hand
over as a pledge
rhoi yng ngwystl put in pledge, hand
over as a pledge
Amos 2:8 Ac ar ddillad wedi eu rhoi yng
gwystl y gorweddant wrth bob allor; a gwin y dirwyol a yfant yn nhy eu duw
Amos 2:8 And they lay themselves down upon clothes laid to pledge by every
altar, and they drink the wine of the condemned in the house of their god.
Deuteronomium 24:6 Na chymeryd neb faen
isaf nac uchaf i felin ar wystl; canys y mae yn cymeryd dyn yng ngwystl
Deuteronomy 24:6 No man shall take the nether or the upper millstone to pledge:
for he taketh a man’s life to pledge.
4 ar wystl = yng ngwystl
Ecsodws 22:26 Os cymeri ddiledyn dy
gymydog ar wystl, dyro ef adref iddo erbyn machludo haul
Exodus 22:26 If thou at all take thy neighbour’s raiment to pledge, thou shalt
deliver it unto him by that the sun goeth down
5 cymryd ar wystl
take as security for a loan
Job 24:3 Y maent yn gyrru asynnod yr
amddifad ymaith; maent yn cymryd ych y wraig weddw ar wystl
Job 24:3 They drive away the ass of the fatherless, they take the widow’s ox
for a pledge.
6 hostage
7
‘hostage’ in forenames from the British period
Arwystl (= pledge, surety, bond), (ar- = intensifying prefix)
Cyngwystl (cyn- = dog, warrior),
Gwrwystl (gŵr = man)
Tangwystl (?)
Tudwystl (tud = people)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwystl < British
From the same British root: Cornish gwystel
(= pledge, pawn; hostage), Breton gouestl
(= pledge, pawn; hostage).
1 Gaulish had the name Con-geistl-
(equivalent to the Welsh name Cyngwystl (cyn- = dog, warrior)
2 From the same Celtic root: Irish giall
(= hostage, human pledge)
3 German die Geisel ‹ › (=
hostage)
Cf the English name Gilbert < Old French Guillebert ultimately from Germanic ‘Gisil-berht’
(hostage + bright’) (if not Gilbert <
will- + berht, bright will),
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwystl < British
From the same British root: Cornish gwistl,
Breton gouestl
Gaulish had con-geistl- (= Welsh Cyngwystl)
:_______________________________.
Gwyr Rhyddon
Llantrisant ‹ ›
1 nickname for people of Llantrisant “the freemen of Llantrisant”
(i.e. in contrast to bondsmen)
NOTE: (gwyr = men, plural of gŵr = man); (rhyddon is the southern form of rhyddion, the plural form of rhydd
= free; in the south, the suffix -ion
loses the initial semiconsonant > -on);
:_______________________________.
gwys ‹ › feminine noun
1 (obsolete) sow
2 (district
of Maldwyn, county of Powys) pig
3 place
names:
Nant Gwys, tributary of the Twrch river in Cwm Twrch, Ystalyfera (county
of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
4 (North
Wales) gis gis! call to a pig
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
Còrnic gwis (= sow, pig), Breton gwiz (= sow)
:_______________________________.
gwystlo
‹ › (verb)
1 to pawn
:_______________________________.
gwystlwr ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwystlwyr
‹ ›
1 pawnbroker
ETYMOLOGY: (gwystl-, stem of the
verb gwystlo = to pawn) + (-wr ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
gwyth
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwythi,
gwythau, gwythiau ‹ ›
NOTE: (South Wales) > w
in the tonic syllable in many words; hence gwthi ‹ ›.
Cf cmpo
(to fall) > cwmpo, and gbod
(= to know) > gwbod
1 vein, sinew
2 seam
gwythi glo coal seams
3 (pronounced gwthi) gristle in meat
4 (obsolete) stream
5 vein in a leaf, or rib (a larger
vein on a leaf)
6 cwlwm gwythi cramp (“knot of tendons / muscles”)
Cododd cwlwm gwythi arno He got
cramp (“a knot of muscles rose on him”)
7 (South Wales) (person) esgudwyth irritable
(esgud = quick) + soft mutation + (gwyth = vein)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gth
‹ › <
*gth
‹ › <
British wêtt- < Celtic.
In the other British languages: Cornish gwithi
(= veins), Breton gwazh (=
stream)
In the Hibernian branch of Celtic: Irish féith
(= vein) < *weiti-
British wêtt- corresponds to Latin vitta
(= tape), related to Latin viêre (=
to plait)
Used in English, vitta (1) (Biology) stripe of colour, (2)
(Botany) tubelike cavity with oil in the fruits of certain plants such as
parsley
:_______________________________.
gwythïen,
gwythiennau
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 vein
y wythien the vein
:_______________________________.
Gwythur
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 (obsolete) man’s name; from Latin
Victor.
Survives as a surname in the Penfro area
(“Gwyther”)
:_______________________________.
gwythwch
‹ › feminine noun
1
(obsolete) wild sow
2 occurs in place-names:
..a/ Nant Gwythwch (Cemais, county of Penfro) (“(the) stream / valley (of the)
sow”)
..b/ Blaengwythwch, Carregcennen, Llandeilo (county of Caerfyrddin) (“source
(of the stream) (of the) sow”)
..c/ (possibly) Cilgwythwch, Llan-rug (SH5363) (county of Gwynedd) (“source (of
the stream) (of the) sow”)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwydd = wild) + (hwch = sow) > gwydd-hwch >
gwyth-’wch / gwythwch (dd-h
> th)
:_______________________________.
gwywiad ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gwywiad au ‹ ›
1 atrophy, withering, fading
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyw- stem of gwywo = to fade, to wither, to atrophy)
+(-i-ad abstract noun-forming
suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwywo
‹ › (verb)
1 fade
:_______________________________.
gyd
‹ ›
1 see “i gyd” (= all)
:_______________________________.
gyda, gydag
‹ › (preposition) (gydag before a vowel)
1 with
2 gyda chyfaill
‹ › (preposition) with a friend
3 gyda llaw
‹ › (adverb) by the way
4 gyda phleser
‹ › (adverb) with pleasure
5 gyda chryn drafferth
with great difficulty
6 (South
Wales) mynd gyda (1) accompany (2) go out with (a sexual partner)
7 gyda
phob parch i chi with all due respect (“with every respect to you”)
8 gyda'ch cennad by your leave, with your permission
gyda chennad with permission
9 used with superlative adjectives to form phrases equivalent to
English 'one of the best' (gyda’r gorau),
'one of the most expensive' (gyda’r
drutaf) etc
diemwnt gyda’r harddaf one of the
most beautiful diamonds
10 gyda’r clod uchaf
summa cum laude (“with the highest praise”)
11 (South) affected parts of body
Mae pen tost gyda fi I’ve got a
headache
Mae gwddwg tost gyda fi I’ve got a
sore throat
Mae llwnc tost gyda fi I’ve got a
sore throat
12 gydag amser with the passage
of time, over time (“with time”)
:_______________________________.
gyda golwg ar
‹ ›
1 with reference to, as regards
ETYMOLOGY: (“with (a) view on”) (gyda
= with) + (golwg = view) + (ar = on)
:_______________________________.
gyddfau
‹ › (plural noun)
1 necks, throats; see gwddf
:_______________________________.
gyddf-ddu
‹ › adjective
1 black-throated, black-necked;
gwyach yddf-ddu black-necked grebe Podiceps nigricollis
trochydd gyddf-ddu black-throated
diver Gavia arctica
ETYMOLOGY: (gyddf-, penult form of gwddf = neck) + soft mutation + (du = black)
:_______________________________.
gyddfdorch
‹ › feminine noun
PLURAL gyddfdorchau
‹ ›
1
torque = necklace made of twisted metal, usually gold, worn by the ancient
Celts and Germans
ETYMOLOGY: (gyddf-, penult form of gwddf = neck) + soft mutation + (torch = torque, neckalce of twisted
gold, etc)
:_______________________________.
gyddfir ‹ › adjective
1 long-necked
ETYMOLOGY: gyddfir < gyddf-hir (gyddf-, penult form of gwddf
= neck) + (hir = long)
:_______________________________.
gyddfgam ‹ › adjective
1 wrynecked, with a twisted neck
aderyn gyddfgam (bird) wryneck
ETYMOLOGY: (gyddf-,
penult form of gwddf = neck) + soft mutation + (cam = twisted)
:_______________________________.
gyddf-goch ‹ › adjective
1 red-throated, red-necked; gwyach
yddfgoch red-necked grebe
ETYMOLOGY: (gyddf-, penult form of gwddf = neck) + soft mutation + (coch = red)
See corhedydd gyddf-goch / gwyach
gyddf-goch / llydandroed gyddf-goch
:_______________________________.
gyfeillion
‹ ›
1 soft-mutated form of cyfeillion
= friends. See cyfaill
2 also used as a vocative form
Gyfeillion! Friends!
Pnawn da, gyfeillion! Good
afternoon, friends. (On local radio in Y Wladfa (the Welsh settlement in
Argentina), Tegai Roberts presented a weekly hour-long programme of Welsh
music, which I herad in 1975. This was the greeting at the beginning of the
programme, and the only Welsh words which were permitted, apart from the song
titles)
Croeso, gyfeillion! Welcome, friends!
Amser cau, gyfeillion! Time,
gentlemen, please! (Announcement by a pub landlord that it is time for
customers to leave the premises) (“time (of) closing, friends”)
:_______________________________.
gyferbyn ‹ ›
1 opposite, facing
2
(preposition) gyferbyn â opposite
bron gyferbyn â almost opposite
yn union gyferbyn â directly opposite
NOTE: (South Wales) goddereb < godderbyn < gyferbyn
Also goddyreb with the vowel reduction e
> y
ETYMOLOGY: cyferbyn (adjective) = opposite. There is soft mutation of
an initial consonant in adverbial phrases, inthis case c > g,
hence gyferbyn
:_______________________________.
Y Gyffin ‹ › feminine noun
1 SH7776 locality in the
county of Conwy (a suburb in the south side of the town of Conwy)
Ysgol Gyffin name of
a primary school in Conwy
2 a parish at this place
ETYMOLOGY: “the boundary, the frontier” (y
= definite article) + soft mutation + (cyffin
= boundary, frontier)
:_______________________________.
gyfod-
‹ › verb
1 soft-mutated form (c > g) of cyfod-, stem of the verb cyfodi
= raise, lift; arise, get up. In modern Welsh the verb is codi
Croniclau-2 30:14 A hwy a gyfodasant, ac a fwriasant ymaith
yr allorau oedd yn Jerwsalem; bwriasant ymaith allorau yr arogl-darth, a
thaflasant hwynt i afon Cidron
Chronicles-2 30:14 And they arose and took away the altars that were in
Jerusalem, and all the altar for incense took they away, and cast them into the
brook Kidron
:_______________________________.
Y Gyfylchi ‹ › feminine noun
1 SS8095 locality in the
county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan
Above here is Craig y Gyfylchi (rock
/ crag of Gyfylchi)
ETYMOLOGY: “the fort” (y = definite
article) + soft mutation + (cyfylchi
= fort) < (obsolete) cyfwlch =
perfect; circle
See cyfylchi
:_______________________________.
gylf ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gylfau
‹ ›
1 obsolete beak. Modern
Welsh has gylfin (= beak) (qv)
2 the British root is to be seen in
the town name “Reculver”, a town in South-east England of British and Roman
origin (Latin name: Regulbium, British name *Regulbion) “big beak”, apparently
referring to a promontory, from
(ro
intensifying prefix, corresponding to modern Welsh rhy- (intensifying prefix), rhy
(noun = too much, adverb = too much, too)) + (gulbi- = beak)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gylf < British *gulbi-
cf English gouge, year 1440+ <
French gouge < Late Latin gulbia
(= chisel) < Celtic
Modern French has gouge (= gouge, hollow
chisel)
:_______________________________.
gylfin
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gylfinod
‹ ›
1 bill, beak
Genesis 8:11 A’r golomen a ddaeth ato ef
ar brynhawn; ac wele ddeilen olewydden yn ei gylfin hi, wedi ei thynnu
Genesis 8:11 And the dove came in to him in the evening; and, lo, in her mouth
was an olive leaf pluckt off
2 See also gylb (obsolete form = beak), and the bird names gylfinbraff, gylfindew, gylfingroes, gylfinir
ETYMOLOGY: gylfin < British *gulbin- < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish gelvin
(= beak)
From the same Celtic root: Irish guilbneán
(= little beak)
NOTE: also with the pronunciations cylfin
‹ › and
cilfin ‹ ›
:_______________________________.
gylfinaid
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gylfineidiau
‹ ›
1 beakful
ETYMOLOGY: (gylfin = beak) + (-aid, suffix = contents, -ful)
NOTE: North-west Wales glyfiniad ‹ ›, In this region aid > iad. Also with the loss of -i
- glyfinad ‹ ›, and with a change of
accent and the loss of a syllable glyfniad
‹ ›
:_______________________________.
gylfinbraff
‹ › adjective
1 having a stout bill
2 morwennol ylfinbraff Gelochelidon nilotica gull-billed tern
ETYMOLOGY: (gylfin = beak) + soft
mutation + (praff = stout)
:_______________________________.
gylfinbraff
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gylfinbraffau
‹ ›
1 Coccothraustes
coccothraustes hawfinch
ETYMOLOGY: see the preceding
ETYMology
:_______________________________.
gylfindew
‹ › adjective
1 having a thick bill
ETYMOLOGY: (gylfin = beak) + soft
mutation + (tew = thick, fat)
:_______________________________.
gylfingroes
‹ › adjective
1 with a crossed bill
ETYMOLOGY: (gylfin = beak) + soft
mutation + (croes = crossed)
:_______________________________.
gylfingroes
‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gylfingroesau
‹ ›
1 (Ornithology) Loxia
curvirostra crossbill
ETYMOLOGY: see the preceding entry
:_______________________________.
gylfinir ‹ › masculine noun
PLURAL gylfinirod
‹ ›
1 Numenius arquata =
curlew
Heol Gylfinir “heol y gylfinir”
“(the) street (of) the curlew”)
Street name in Y Barri (county of Bro Morgannwg)
2 coegylfinir (Numenius phaeopus) whimbrel, lesser curlew
(coeg = empty, blind; pseudo- ) +
soft mutation + (gylfinir = curlew)
ETYMOLOGY: “long beak” gylfinir <
gylfinhir < (gylfin = beak) + (hir =
long)
NOTE: North-west Wales glifirin and glinifir
:_______________________________.
gymaint
‹ › adverb
1
so much
(= so often) Pam mae e gymaint ar ei ben
ei hunan? Why is he alone so much?
y naill gymaint â’r llall one as
much as the other, equally
Rwy i’n hoffi’r naill gymaint â’r llall
I like them both equally, I like one as much as the other
ETYMOLOGY: There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases,
hence cymaint > gymaint (c > g)
:_______________________________.
Gymro ‹ ›
1 (epithet) = the Welshman; Welsh speaker
Gerallt Gymro Gerald the Welshman,
translation of “Giraldus Cambrensis”, (Gerald of Wales), the name used by the
Latin writer Gerald de Barri (c1146-1223), a Welshman of a mixed Norman-settler
and native-Welsh background
Dafydd Gymro name of an individual
in the year 1326 in the village of Cas-bwnsh (county of Penfro)
ETYMOLOGY: Gymro soft mutation of Cymro (= Welshman) (epithets had soft
mutation of the first consonant)
:_______________________________.
Gymru ‹ › feminine noun
1 soft-mutated form of Cymru
= Wales
Croeso i Gymru = Welcome to Wales
gwlanen Gymru Welsh flannel
:_______________________________.
gynau ‹ › -
1 gowns - plural form of gwn
:_______________________________.
gynddeiriog
‹ › adjective
1 soft-mutated form of cynddeiriog
= rabid
2 intensifier = very, exceptionally
bod yn hoff gynddeiriog o be
extremely fond of
:_______________________________.
gynt ‹ › adverb
1 formerly, before, earlier
2 Gynt... Once upon a time (conventional phrase for beginning a fairy
tale, etc)
(Also: Unwaith..., Un tro..., Ers talwm..., Ers llawer dydd..., Ryw dro...”)
3 quicker, sooner
:_______________________________.
gynt ‹ › feminine noun
1 obsolete people, tribe
2 in certain names from the British period - Gwrin, Bleddyn
ETYMOLOGY: gynt < Latin gent-em < gens (= family; race)
:_______________________________.
gyntaf
‹ › adv
1
first = for the first time
pan ddaeth tatws i Ewrop gyntaf when
potatoes first came to Europe
fe’i cyhoeddwyd gyntaf yn 1975 it
was first printed in 1975
2
gyntaf erióed for the first time
ever, for the first time in my life
yno brofes i fango ginta erioed
there I tasted a mango for the first time ever
3
gweld golau dydd gyntaf first see
the light of day (= be born)
4
first = before
pwy fu farw gyntaf - y gŵr neu’r
wraig? who died firdt - the man or the woman?
ETYMOLOGY: cyntaf (= first) with
soft mutation to indicate its adverbial function
:_______________________________.
gynted fyth ag y gellir ‹ › adv;;)
1 as soon as possible, as soon as you possibly can
ETYMOLOGY: (cynted = as
soon) + (fyth, soft-mutated form of byth = ever) + (ag y =
that) + (gellir = it can be (done)) There is soft mutation of an initial
consonant in adverbial phrases - hence cynted > gynted
:_______________________________.
gyredig
‹ › adjective
1 driven
siafft yredig driven shaft
trydan-yredig electricity driven,
electrically operated
ETYMOLOGY: (gyr-, stem of gyrru = to drive) + (-edig past passive suffix)
:_______________________________.
gyrfa,
gyrfaoedd
‹ › (feminine noun)
1 career
yr yrfa the career
:_______________________________.
Y Gyrnos ‹ › plural
1 In place names.
“the small heaps, the small mounds, the little mounds”
A form of Y Gurnos
See curnos and curn
:_______________________________.
gyrru
‹ › (verb)
1 to drive (a vehicle)
2 drive (cattle), (as a cattle drover)
3 gyrru byddin ar ffo to rout an army (“drive an army fleeing”)
4 gyrru
(ymosodiad) yn ei ôl repel (an attack)
5 (North) gyrru rhwng pobl stir up trouble between people (“drive /
send between people”)
Cf (South) hala rhwng pobl stir up trouble between people (“send between
people”)
6 gyrru ofn ar
frighten
gyrru braw ar frighten
gyrru dychryn ar frighten
:_______________________________.
gyrrwr,
gyrrwr
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 driver
prentis gyrrwr learner driver
2 gyrrwr fan van driver
3 gyrrwr bws, gyrwyr bysiau ‹ › bus driver
4 gyrrwr car ‹ › car driver
5 gyrrwr crên ‹ › crane driver
6 gyrrwr lori ‹ › truck driver, teamster (Englandic: lorry driver)
7 gyrrwr tacsi ‹ › taxi driver
8 gyrrwr tram ‹ › tram driver
9 gyrrwr trên ‹ › train driver
:_______________________________.
gyr, gyrroedd
‹ › (masculine noun)
1 flock, herd
:_______________________________.
gyr ‹ › verb
1
(past participle) driven; wrought
metel gyr wrought metal
2
(literary Welsh) he / she / it will drive (third person singular present of
gyrru)
(colloquially this is gyrriff or gyrrith)
:_______________________________.
gyr- ‹ › verb
1
stem of gyrru (= to drive) before a
consonant
gyrwyr drivers (here w is a consonant)
:_______________________________.
gyrr- ‹ › verb
1
stem of gyrru (= to drive) before a
vowel
gyrrwr driver (here w is a vowel)
:_______________________________.
gyrwyr
‹ › (plural noun)
1 drivers; plural of gyrrwr
:_______________________________.
gystal ‹ › adverb
1 so well, as well
gystal â neb as well as anyone, with the best of them
gystal os nad gwell na... as well as if not better than...
Gallai Marged rwyfo cwch gystal os nad gwell nag unrhyw ddyn
Marged could row a boat as well as, if not better then, a man
ETYMOLOGY: gystal = soft
mutation of cystal (= as well). Adverbial phrases have soft mutation of
the initial consonant of the first word
:_______________________________.
gythrel
‹ ›
1 soft mutation of cythrel,
colloquial form of cythraul (=
devil)
2 damned, bloody, goddam
yr ast gythrel that goddam bitch
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Adolygiad diweddaraf - latest update: 2008-10-01, 2005-10-24