baneri

Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia:
La Web de Gal·les i Catalunya

Wales-Catalonia Website
The Welsh in the United States - the  Gwalia Deg settlement / Y Cymry yn yr Unol Daleithau: sefydliad Gwalia Deg



 
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_alltudiaeth/america_nebraska-gwalia-deg_2782e.htm

0001 Home Page / Yr Hafan kimkat0001
1050e
The Welsh in America / Y Cymry yn América  kimkat1050e
this page / y tudalen hwn


 (delwedd 7375)

 Aquesta pàgina en català: no disponible encara

http://kimkat.org/amryw/gwefan_gwegynllun_0010e_archivos/image018.jpg
 2781k Y tudalen hwn yn Gymraeg  kimkat2781k
 

If a link to another page in this website doesn’t work for some reason Pe buasai dolen gyswllt ar gyfer tudalen arall yn y wefan hon yn methu am ryw reswm, the page can be found via Google gellir dod o hyd i’r tudalen trwy gyfrwng Google. Type kimkat followed by the page number Teipiwch kimkat ac wedyn rif y tudalen – for example, to follow link 1276k er enghraifft, i ddilyn y ddolen gyswllt 1276k, search for kimkat1276k chwiliwch am kimkat1276k

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Gwalia Deg was a Welsh settlement in Nebraska that came into being in the year 1871. Yr oedd Gwalia Deg yn sefydliad Cymreig yn Nebraska a ddaeth i fodolaeth yn y flwyddyn 1871 when the first Welsh people came (see item 10 below) pan ddaeth y Cymry cyntaf (gweler eitem 10 isod); and it was given the name “Gwalia Deg” by two Welsh ministers from Ohio,
R. R. WILLIAMS o Cincinnati, a DAVID JONES o Gomer ac fe’i bedyddiwyd yn “Gwalia Deg”gan ddau weinidog o Gymry o Ohio yn 1876, R. R. WILLIAMS o Cincinnati, a DAVID JONES o Gomer.
.....

Mention is made of Gwalia Deg in the periodical “Y Cenhadwr Americanaidd” (the American Messenger) Y mae sôn am sefydliad Gwalia Deg yn “Y Cenhadwr Americanaidd” in January 18788 and in April 1878 ym mis Ionawr 1878 ac ym mis Ebrill 1878

(delwedd 7622)


(delwedd 7623)

....


(delwedd 7710)


(delwedd 7711)


(delwedd 7706)


(delwedd 7712b)

Here is the January 1878 article, along with the reference to it in the index, and the nameplate / masthead (they have been added together in the image below) Dyma erthygl Ionawr 1878, ynglŷn â’r cyfeiriad ati yn y mynegai, a’r banernod (wedi eu rhoi at ei gilydd yn y delwedd isod)


(delwedd 7619)

1

(delwedd 7617b)

GWALIA DEG, SEFYDLIAD CYMREIG YN NEBRASKA.
O'r Tyst a'r Dydd Rhag. 6ed y cymerwyd yr Erthygl isod — meddyliasom y bydd ei darlleniad yn ddyddorol hefyd i lawer yn y CENHADWR. - GOL.

Yn gymaint a bod y pwnc o ymfudiaeth dan sylw ein cenedl yn ngwlad ein genedigaeth, crefwn gyfleustra i osod ger eu bron hawliau am y gymydogaeth a alwn yn "WALIA DEG.” Dywedwn air ar

GWALIA DEG, A WELSH SETTLEMENT IN NEBRASKA.
The article below was taken from Y Tyst a’r Dydd (NOTE: “the Witness [combined with another publication] The Day”, an American periodical in Welsh) December 6 – we thought a reading of it would be interesting too to many people [if it were reprinted in] Y Cenhadwr (“the messenger”). Editor.

Since the topic of emigration is receiving attention from our fellow-countrymen in the land where we were born (“is under the attention of our nation in the land of our birth”), I beg the convenience of putting before you claims for the neighbourhood which we call “GWALIA DEG”. We shall say a word or two about.... (“We shall say a word about...”)

2

(delwedd 7617c)

LEOLDEB Y DALAETH.
Gorwedda Nebraska rhwng y 40° a'r 43° o gyhydedd gogleddol y ddaear, a rhwng y 95° a'r 104° o hydred gorllewinol o Greenwich. Terfynir hi ar y gogledd gan Dakota, ar y gorllewin gan Wyoming a Colorado, ar y deheu gan Colorado a Kansas, ac ar y dwyrain gan yr afon Missouri; a chynwysa 60,000,000 o erwi o dir da at amaethyddiaeth.

THE LOCATION OF THE STATE:
Nebraska lies between 40º and 43º of the northern line of latitude of the Earth, and between 95º and 104º of the line of longitude west of Greenwich. It is bounded on the north by Dakota, on the west by by Wyoming and Colorado, on the south by Colorado and Kansas, and on the east by the river Missouri; and it contains
50,000,000 acres of good agricultural land (“of good land for agriculture”)

3

(delwedd 7617d)

LLEOLDEB GWALIA DEG.
Gorwedda ein sefydliad yn un o ranau deheuol y dalaeth; o ganlyniad yr ydym yn nghymydogaeth y 40°. Yr ydym agos a bod yn yr un llinell a Rhufain. y ddinas dragywyddol, ar lan y Tiber, yn yr Eidal, enwog am ei pher-awelon a'i hwybren oleu; y llinell hefyd y mae Philadelphia ynddi — y ddinas dlysaf ac iachusaf ar gyfandir mawr y gorllewin — y llinell a gymer i fewn y rhan hyfrydaf yn y Gwregys Cymhedrol. Rhed y llinell hon trwy ardaloedd y gwinllanoedd — y pêr lanoedd a'r gerddi dymunol.

THE LOCATION OF GWALIA DEG
Our settlement lies in one of the southern parts of the state: as a result we are in the neighbourhood of the 40º. We are nearly on the same latitude as Rome (“near with being on the same line as Rome”), the eternal city, in Italy, famous for its gentle breezes (“sweet breezes”) and its bright sky (“light sky”); the line [of latitude] that Philadelphia is on (“is in it”) – the prettiest and healthiest city on the great continent of the west – the line [of latitude] that takes in the most pleasing part of the Temperate Zone. This line [of latitude] runs through the areas of vineyards – the sweet-scented enclosures and the pleasant gardens.

 4

(delwedd 7617e)

ARWYNEB Y WLAD.
Cawn yma gorff o ddaear, am fwy nag 20 milltir yn mhob ffordd, o'r aruchedd mwyaf cyfleus i'r amaethwr. Dywedir am dir aml i ardal, mai tonawg (undulating) ydyw, ond tonau toredig y môr mewn ystorm ofnadwy fyddant; ond wrth edrych ar diroedd GWALIA DEG, tra y dywedwn yn briodol ei fod yn donawg, ymchwyddiad graddol rhanau helaeth o'r cefnfor a ganfyddwn. Fel peth cyffredin, medr yr amaethwr aredig pob modfodd o'i ffarm, ac yn adeg y cynauaf gall ddefnyddio y reaper a'r mower, a'r holl beirianau amaethyddol dros y cwbl oll, heb deimlo un anhawsder.

THE SURFACE OF THE LAND
We have here a body of land, for more than twenty miles in all directions (“in each road”), with the most convenient surface for the farmer. It is said of the land of many an area that it is undulating but they are the broken waves of the sea in a storm; but when we look at the terrain (“the lands”) of GWALIA DEG, while we say appropiately that they are undulating, it is the gradual swell of extensive parts of the ocean that we perceive. Generally (“as a general thing”), the farmer can plough every inch of his farm, and at harvest-time he can use the reaper and the mower, and all the agricultural machinery over all of it, without any problem (“without feeling / experiencing any difficulty”).

5

(delwedd 7617f)

FFRWYTHLONRWYDD Y TIR.
Mae y pridd o liw tywyll — nid y pygddu, ond y gwineuddu (brown black), y cwbl yn hollol rydd oddiwrth geryg a dyrysni, ac yn addas i gynhyrchu yd a gwair. Pan aredir y tir y waith gyntaf, plenir y corn ar y sod a chyfrifir 30 bushel yr erw yn gnwd da — bydd rhai yn cael cymaint a 40 bushel. Rhydd y State Agricultural Society y cyfrif a ganlyn o fushels ar yr erw o dir diwylledig, yn ei hadroddiad am 1870: - Gwenith 25, corn 75, ceirch 60, haidd 50, cloron 300. Dywed y State Board of Commissioners of Immigration yn eu hadroddiad diweddaf, fod cywarch a llin (hemp and flax) yn talu yn odidog; fod y llin yn gnwd buan; y bydd i’r amaethwr dderbyn y budd oddiwrtho yn mhen tri mis ar ol gosod yr hâd yn y ddaear, ac y cynhyrcha o 15 i 22 bushel o hâd llin ar yr erw.

FERTILITY OF THE LAND
The earth is dark in colour — not pitch black, but brown black, and it is completely free from stones and tangled roots and is suitable for producing cereals and grass. When the land is ploughed for the first time, the corn is planted on the sod and 30 bushels an acre is considered to be a good crop — some get as much as 40 bushels. The State Agricultural Society gives the following amount for bushels per acre of cultivated land, in its report for 1870: - Wheat 25, corn 75, oats 60, barley 50, potatoes 300. The State Board of Commissioners of Immigration says in its latest report that hemp and flax yield are very profitable (“pay excellently”); that flax is a quick-growing crop; the farmer receives the benefits of it three months after putting the seeds in the ground, and it produces from 15 to 22 bushels of flax seed per acre.

6

(delwedd 7617g)

COED
Ceir hwynt ar yr aberoedd; ond, ar y prairie, bydd rhaid eu planu, ac y maent yn tyfu yn hynod gyflym, lle y mae y prawf wedi ei wneyd. Dywedodd ffarmwr profiadol wrthym, pe gwnaem blanu osage, y rhai sydd debyg i ddrain gwynion yr hen wlad; a gofalu am danynt, y byddai genym berth yn mhen tair blynedd a dry unrhyw anifail. Ac am goed i adeiladu tai, cawn ddigonedd o honynt yn nhref Harvard yn ein hyml, am yn agos yr un bris ag a delir yn Chicago. Er tanwydd, ceir glo wrth y station yn Harvard, a phan orphenir y St. Joe a'r Denver R. R., daw y glo atom o Colorado yn llawer is ei bris nag y ceir yn awr.

TREES
They are to be found by the streams; but on the prairie it will be necessary to plant them, and they grow remarkably quickly, where this has been tried (“where the test has been done”). An experienced farmer said to us that if we planted osage, which is similar to white hawthorn in the old country, and if we looked after it, we would have a hedge in three years which will turn away any animal (“will turn any animal”). And as for wood for building houses, we get plenty of it from the town of Harvard next to us, for almost the same price which is paid in Chicago. As for fuel, coal is obtainable from the station in Harvard, and when the St. Joe and Denver Railroad is completed, coal will come to us from Colorado at a much lower price than what is obtainable at present.

7

(delwedd 7617h)

DWFR
Ceir digonedd o hono yn mhob lle wrth dyllu. Daw tri dyn atom ar ben boreu, a gosodant yr ebill ar waith, ac ar ol myned i'r dyfnder o 40 i 80 troedfedd, tarawant yn gyffredin ddigonedd o ddwir meddal, na ddihysbyddir mo hono. Gorphenant yr holl waith mewn un diwrnod, am bris o 75 i 80 cent y droedfedd.

WATER
Plenty of it is obtainable everywhre by boring. Three men come to us early in the morning, and they set the auger to work, and after going to a depth of 40 to
80 feet, generally they hit plenty of soft water, which doesn’t dry up (“become exhausted”). They finish all the work in one day, for a price of 75 to 80 cents a foot.

8

(delwedd 7617i)

MARCHNADFA.
Gorwedda Gwalia Deg ar un o brif ffyrdd y genedl o fôr y Werydd hyd y môr Tawelog. Os awn i San Francisco deuwn i gyffyrddiad âg ynysoedd y môr, yn nghyd â'r dwyreinfyd mawr. Os awn tua dwyrain yr Unol Dalaethau, gallwn groesi y llynoedd a tharo y Werydd ar dueddau America Brydeinig, a dyfod i gyffyrddiad â hen wledydd cyfoethog Ewrop. Yn Plattesmouth a St. Joe, gallwn gymeryd yr afon fawr Missouri, yr hon sydd yn llongwrol am 4000 o filltiroedd, a chael marchnad yn y trefi a'r dinasoedd mawrion yr awn heibio iddynt, a chawn trwy Lynclyn Mexico fynediad i America Ddeheuol, a chyffwrdd â Brazil, a'r Argentine Republic, a chludo hefyd ddefnydd cynaliaeth i'r Patagoniaid, os deuant rhyw bryd i gyfyngder. Amlwg yw y bydd marchnad y byd yn agored i ni, a gallwn hefyd fabwysiadu geiriau Zachary Taylor, "Ein bod mewn heddwch â'r byd, ac â’r lleill o ddynolryw." Ond os dywed y darllenydd fod y farchnad uchod yn rhy eang a chyffredinol, dywedwn fod y Reilffyrdd yn creu marchnad wrth ein drysau.

MARKET.
Gwalia Deg lies on one of the nation’s main routes from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. If we go to San Francisco we come into contact with the Pacific Islands (“the ocean islands”), as well as the great Orient (“the big eastern world”). If we go to the east of the United States we can cross the lakes and come to the Atlantic (“and hit the Atlantic”) on the edges of British America, and come into contact with the old rich countries of Europe. In Plattesmouth and St. Joe we can take the great Missouri river which in navigable for
4000 miles, and find a market in the big towns and cities we go past, and via the Gulf of Mexico we can enter (“we can have an entrance to”) South America, and have contact with Brazil, and the Argentine Republic, and also transport means of sustenance to the Patagonians (NOTE: = the Welsh settlers in the Chubut Valley in Patagonia, who settled there in 1865) if at some time they fall on hard times (“if they come into scarcity / want”). It is evident that the world market is open to us, and we can also adopt the words of Zachary Taylor, "We are at peace with the world, and the rest of humanity." And if the reader says that the above market is too extensive and general, I would say that the railroads create a market on our doorstep (“at our doors”).

9

(delwedd 7617j)

Y DRAUL I DDYFOD ATOM
Gall ein cenedl yn yr hen wlad gael allan y draul o Lerpwl i New York. Bydd y draul o New York i Lincoln, prif ddinas Nebraska, yn $28,60, a chyda’r express yn $44,45, ac ar ol cyrhaedd Harvard, taith 3 neu 4 awr o Lincoln, byddwch yn NGWALIA DEG, ac os bydd yma gan y llywodraeth dir heb ei gymeryd, gall pob dyn 21 mlwydd oed, a phob merch yn gystal a’r mab fyddo yn yr oed uchod, ond datgan eu bwriad i fod yn ddinasyddion, gymeryd 80 erw yn rhad, ond tebyg yw, na symud y Cymry yn ddigon buan i gael y fraint hon; yna yr unig gyfleusdra fydd tiroedd y Rheilffordd. Gwerthir ganddynt o 15 o ddoleri i 5 yr erw, a 10 mlynedd i dalu ar lôg o 6 y cant; ac os telir y cwbl ar unwaith, gostyngir y pris 20 y cant, sef un rhan o bump. Mae yr amodau hyn yn hynod o esmwyth. Os bydd rhai yn ngwlad ein tadau yn cael ar eu meddwl i ddyfod yma, gallant alw yn Swyddfa y Burlington Route, yn 16 South Castle-street, Lerpwl, a gwneyd yr holiadau a farnant yn briodol yno. Deuwch ar unwaith, gallwch yn awr gael dewisol diroedd. Cewch yr efengyl yma ar unwaith yn yr hen iaith, a chewch ysgolion o radd uchel i’ch plant. Cewch wlad iach, a gwlad a ddaw yn gyfoethog, fel y gallwn wrth ddiweddu ddefnyddio geiriau Montgomery –

“The wandering mariner, whose eyes explore
The wealthiest isles, the most enchanting shore,
Views not a realm so bountiful and fair,
Nor breathes the spirit of a purer air.”

R. R. WILLIAMS, Cincinnati, O.
DAVID JONES, Gomer.

THE COST OF COMING TO US.
Our fellow-countrymen (“our nation”) in the old country can find out [for themselves] the cost from Liverpool to New York. The cost from New York to Lincoln, the main city in Nebraska, is $28.60, and with the express is $44.45. And after reaching Harvard, which is 3 or 4 hours from Lincoln, you will be in GWALIA DEG, and if the Government has land here which hasn’t been taken, every man who is 21 years old, and every woman as well as man who is of that age, merely by stating their intention of being citizens, can obtain (“can take”)
80 acres cheaply, but probably the Welsh will not move quickly enough to avail themselves of this privilege (“to get this privilege”); so then the only opportunity will be railroad lands. They sell it for between 15 and 5 (sic) dollars an acre, with 10 years to pay with 6% interest; and if the whole amount is paid at once, the price is lowered 20%, that is [to say] one fifth. These terms are extremely easy. If some are minded (“get on their mind”) in the land of our forefathers to come here, they can call in at the office of the Burlington Route, in 16 South Castle Street, Liverpool, and make what they consider to be the appropriate inquiries there (“and make the inquires they judge to be appropriate there”). Come right now (“come at once”), you can now get choice land. You will have the Gospel here at once in Welsh (“in the old[-established] language”), and you will have top-class schools (“schools of a high degree”) for your children. You will have a healthy country, and a country that will become rich, so that in conclusion we can quote the words of (“finishing we can use the words of”) Montgomery –

“The wandering mariner, whose eyes explore
The wealthiest isles, the most enchanting shore,
Views not a realm so bountiful and fair,
Nor breathes the spirit of a purer air.”

R. R. WILLIAMS, Cincinnati, Ohio.
DAVID JONES, Gomer.

Here is the April 1878 article, along with the reference to it in the index, and the nameplate / masthead (they have been added together in the image below)
Dyma erthyglEbrill 1878, ynglŷn â’r cyfeiriad ati yn y mynegai, a’r banernod (wedi eu rhoi at ei gilydd yn y delwedd isod)


(delwedd 7620)

10

 (delwedd 7618b)

GWALIA DEG.
Parch. R. Everett, D. D., — Hynaws Olygydd, — Mae cynydd mawr wedi bod yn swydd Clay, Neb., er pan aethum yno gyntaf; lle gwyllt ac anial ydoedd y pryd hwnw, heb na R. R., na chwrdd, nac ysgol ddyddiol na Sabbothol. Yn awr mae yno bedair o eglwysi wedi eu sefydlu, pedair o ysgolion Sabbothol ac amryw ysgoldai. Pan aethum yno gyntaf yn Gorphenaf 1871, nid oeddwn yn gweled yr un ty am 24 milltir, wrth deithlo i fy nghyhoeddiadau o Sutton i'r Little Blue. Barnai eraill a fy hunan ein bod yn gallu cyfrif 32 o dai newyddion ar un olwg ar y Prairie yr Hydref diweddaf. J. Llewelyn a fy hunan ydoedd unig frenhinoedd Cymreig y wlad yr amser hwnw. Yn awr mae yno amryw deuluoedd Cymreig pur, diledryw.

GWALIA DEG.
Rev. R. Everett, Doctor of Divinity, — Dear Editor, A great deal of progress has been made (“there has been a great increase”) in Clay County, Nebraska, since I first went there. At the time it was a wild and desolate place, without a railroad or church, and neither a day school nor a Sunday school. Now four churches have been established, four Sunday schools and various schoolhouses.

When I first went there in July 1871, I didn’t see a single house for
24 miles, travelling to my preaching appointments from Sutton to the Little Blue. Myself and other people worked out that we could (“judged that we could”) count 32 new houses on the prairie in a single view last autumn. J. Llewelyn and myself were the only Welsh kings of the country at that time. Now there are various families which are Welsh to the core (“pure genuine Welsh families”)

11

(delwedd 7618c)

Oddeutu blwyddyn yn ol daeth y ddau frawd anwyl o Cincinnati a Gomer yno. Pregethasant yr hen efengyl gyda nerth a dylanwad mawr yn Gymraeg a Saesoneg. Enwasant y wlad yn "Gwalia Deg," ac aethant adref at eu teuluoedd a'u heglwysi. Dychwelasant drachefn gan draddodi gair y bywyd fel pe byddent o dan yr eneiniad sanctaidd. Mae rhagor o le i amaethwyr a chrefftwyr yn Gwalia Deg, gyda manteision crefyddol yn yr iaith Gymraeg.

About a year ago the two dear brethren from Cincinnati [Ohio] and Gomer [Ohio] came here. They preached the gospel (“the old gospel / the dear gospel”) with great force and influence in Welsh and in English. They named the land "Gwalia Deg," and they went home to their families and their churches. They returned once more and preached the word (“expounded the word of life”) as if empowered by the Holy Spirit (“as if they were under the holy unction”). There is still a place for (“there is more space for”) farmers and craftsmen in Gwalia Deg, with provision for religous worship (“with religious advantages”) in the Welsh language.”

12

(delwedd 7618d)

Dyfynaf gyfarchiad gan y Parch. D. Knowles i mi pan yn llafurio yno fel cenhadwr yr haf diweddaf: —

“Boed llwyddiant a noddiant y nefoedd
Yn aros ar Gwalia Deg mwy;
Doed dynion a'u da lon deuluoedd
I’w gwaenoedd, a Duw gyda hwy.

Hir iechyd a bywyd i'w bugail,
Fy mrawd hoff ac araul, a'i dŷ,
Boed iddynt drwy hoff Geidwad Israel,
Y fraint o wel'd llwyddiant y llu.”

Eich ewyllysiwr da hyd byth,
Florenceville, Iowa. J. A. JONES.

I quote a poem of address to me by the Rev. D. Knowles when I was working there as a missionary last summer: —

“May Gwalia Deg have success
and the patronage of Heaven for evermore (“may succcess and the patronage of Heaven remain evermore on...”)
May men come with their good and cheerful families
To its prairies (“its moors”), and may God be with them (“and God with them.”)

Long years of health and life (“long health and life”) to its pastor
My belovèd fine (“pleasant, agreeable”) brother, and to his church (“his house”)
May they have through the belovèd Saviour of Israel,
The privilege of seeing success for his flock (“seeing the success of the multitude”)

Wishing you well for evermore,
(“your good well-wisher for ever”)

Florenceville, Iowa. J. A. JONES.

 

....................................

 

In the book entitled “The History of the Welsh in Minnesota, Foreston and Lime Springs, Iowa" (1895) there is mention of the Rev. John A. Jones and the Gwalia Deg settlement in Nebraska. Yn y llyfr "The History of the Welsh in Minnesota, Foreston and Lime Springs, Iowa" (1895) mae sôn am y Parchedig John A. Jones a gwladychfa 'Gwalia Deg' yn nhalaith Nebraska.


This is what is said about him: Dyma a ddywedwyd amdano:

 

"Rev. John A. Jones Born at Rheidiol (sic), near Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire, Wales, in the spring of 1828. His parents, John and Catherine Jones, removed when he was a child, to a farm called Nantyrhydd near Nanteos. This was also the home of Rev. Thomas Edwards, Dr. Lewis Edwards and the eminent Welsh musician Ieuan Gwyllt..."

And after he removed to America: Ac ar ôl iddo fynd i fyw i America:

"He preached in English to the Foreston church every Sunday morning and in Welsh to the few Welsh families at Bristol Minnesota, in the afternoons. The only Welsh families then in that now populous Welsh settlement were: David J. Davies, William Davies, J. Jones, John R. Williams, Owen Jones, and Richard W. Jones. His next move was to Floranceville, nine miles south of Foreston, where he organized a church of nine members. Before he left the membership increased to fifty and a church edifice was built at a cost of $4,000. He was sent in 1871 by the Home Missionary Society to Nebraska and there organized an English church and helped to found the Welsh settlement of "Gwalia Deg". In 1874 he removed to Salem, Neb., where he labored with great success for six years. In 1880 the Home Missionary Society sent him to California and he ministered two years in Calaveras county, then at South Vallejo and Crockett.

 

.......................

In August 2008 we journeyed from Iowa to Colorado, calling in at the Great Plains Welsh Heritage Centre in Wymore, Gage County, Nebraska.Ym mis Awst 2008 buom ar daith o Iowa i Colorado, gan alw heibio i Ganolfan Treftadaeth Gymreig y Gwastadeddau Mawr yn Wymore, Swydd Gage, , Nebraska. We were keen to visit Gwalia Deg, but we didn’t know exactly in what county it was. Buom yn awyddus i ymweld â Gwalia Deg, heb wybod yn union ym mha swydd yr oedd. We now know it was in Clay County. Erbyn hyn y gwyddom taw yn Swydd Clay y mae. At the time we understood it was possibly in Hitchcock County, near the town of Trenton. Y pryd hwnnw cawsom ar ddeall ei bod o bosibl yn Swydd Hitchcock, ar bwys tref Trenton. Here are two videos showing our attempt to find the village Dyma ddau fideo o’n hymgais i ddod o hyd i’r pentref – but it was all in vain, though we did find the graves of some Welsh pioneers in the west of the state. – yn ofer, ond cawsom hyd i gerrig beddau arloeswyr o Gymry yng ngorllewin y dalaith. 

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVfUk1qbLFc 15-09-2008 PART 1 / RHAN 1

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCgbzVOCPFg 15-09-2008 PART 2 / RHAN 2

At present (12 January 2011) we have no more information about Gwalia Deg. Nid oes gennym ragor o wybodaeth am Gwalia Deg ar hyn o bryd (12 Ionawr 2011). We hope to get the opportunity sometime soon to pay another visit to Nebraska. Gobeithiwn gael y cyfle i ymweld â Nebraska rywbryd eto cyn hir o dro and to look around Clay County i gael teithio o gwmpas Swydd Clay.

 

.....

NOTE ON THE NAME GWALIA DEG

Gwalia Deg means “Fair Wales”. Gwalia [GWAL-ya] is a poetic name for Wales.

 

The name Wallia, a Latinisation of the English name Wales, was used in documents written in Latin by the Norman-French and the English.

The medieval Latin name for England was Anglia (and is used in the regional name of East Anglia for a part of eastern England). Anglii (the Angles) and Anglia (territory of the Angles) were at first used by writers in Latin to refer to Western Germanic tribes in general before being used as a synonym of English Angelcynn (Angle-kin, the family of the Angles, and was used to mean both (i) the Angles as a people, and (ii) the land of the Angles, England).

 

Medieval Latin writers Latinised Cornwall was Cornwallia (using the Latin ending denoting a country –ia ).

 

Possibly Wallia was formed in imitation of Cornwallia.

 

It is wal- [wal] the first syllable of the name Wales.  (The vowel in the English name Wales would have in fact been long [waal-], later becoming the diphthong of the modern language [weil-]).

(The name Wales did not originally indicate a place; it is a people name, from an Old English plural form meaning “people not like us; people who are foreign”. But the name came to be applied to the country – “[the land of] the people who are different to us”)

Welsh medieval poets took the name Wallia and adapted it to Welsh usage. A word beginning with [w] is usually the result of a soft mutation, where an original initial [g] is lost. Thus “gwynt” is wind, but windmill is “melin wynt” (soft mutation of a qualifying adjective or noun after a feminine singular noun).

Historically, words beginning with w- always had a base form beginning with gw-. So when words with an initial [w] were taken from English they generally fitted into the system by acquiring an initial [g].

Examples are Old English [wal] (a wall), which became Welsh gwal, and Middle English [wast] (= waist) and [wast] (= waste) which both became Welsh gwast. In the same way Latin Wallia became Gwalia in Welsh.

(Modern words with intial [w] taken from English no longer have an intial [g] – wel is the sentence filler well, and wall is always wal in the modern language)

Gwalia was very popular in Victorian times as a poetic name for Wales. Today though it sounds rather antiquated and overly romantic.

The word “teg” [te:g] means fair.  Gwalia + teg means “fair Wales”.

 

After a feminine singular noun, an initial consonant undergoes soft mutation where possible. The consonant [t] becomes [d], resulting in Gwalia Deg [GWAL-ya DE:G]

 

END / DIWEDD


Latest update / Adolygiad diweddaraf: 22.30 12-01-2011
Sumbolau arbennig: ŷ ŵ

Ble'r wyf i? Yr ych chi'n ymwéld ag un o dudalennau'r Gwefan "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (Cymráeg)
On sóc?
Esteu visitant una pàgina de la Web "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (= Gal·les-Catalunya) (català)
Where am I?
You are visiting a page from the "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (= Wales-Catalonia) Website (English)
Weə-r àm ai? Yùu àa-r víziting ə peij fròm dhə "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (= Weilz-Katəlóuniə) Wébsait (Íngglish)


Search this website Archwiliwch y wefan hon 
---
Structure of teh website
Adeiladwaith y wefan
---
Maintenance of the website
Gwaith cynnal a chadw

Cysylltwch â ni trwy’r llyfr ymwelwyr: YMWELFA

CYMRU-CATALONIA

Free counter and web stats