0831 Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia (Wales-Catalonia Website). Welsh Course. How to say 'don't'. In the literary language, the particle 'na' is used; in the colloquial language, however, the verb 'peidio' (= to cease) is used. Paid â dweud dim = don't say anything; Peidiwxh â sôn = don't mention it.. The preposition â causes spirant mutation of c p t. In some dialects the â is omitted

 

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Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia
La Web de Gal·les i Catalunya
Wales-Catalonia Website


 
 
 
Paid.. Peidiwch... Modd Gorchmynnol, negyddol
Paid.. Peidiwch... Imperative Mood, Negative


(delw 4666)

 

1273eAn Elementary Welsh Grammar” by John Morris-Jones (1864-1929), professor of Welsh at Coleg y Brifysgol (University College), Bangor. Published in 1921 (when he was aged 56 / 57). “This grammar deals with Modern Literary Welsh only. It follows the lines of my Welsh Grammar Historical and Compararive, 1913, so far as that treats of the modern language; but the matter has been largely re-written, and is in some respects more detailed.” 

 

Edrychwch ar ein llyfr ymwelwyr! Mireu el nostre llibre de visitants!

Llofnodwch ein llyfr ymwelwyr! Firmeu el nostre llibre de visitants!

 

 xxxx This page in Catalan (not yet available)

 

Negative imperatives
How to say Don't...

 

LITERARY WELSH

The imperative form of the verb is made negative by placing na, nac before the verb -
na (naa) before consonants
nac (naag) before vowels

···

After na, there is spirant mutation of
c, p, t
(c-ch, p-ph, t-th)
and soft mutation of
g, b, d ll, m, rh
(g-ZERO, b-f, d-dd, ll-l, m-f, rh-r)

···

cysgu = sleep
cwsg! = sleep!
na chwsg! = do not sleep!

···

lladd = kill;
lladd!
= kill!
na ladd! = do not kill! (also: thou shalt not kill)

···

ofni = be afraid
ofna! = be afriad!
nac ofna! = do not be afraid

···

gadel = leave
gad! = leave!
na ad! = do not leave!

···

(here before a vowel it is na, not nac; this is because the mutated form of a word beginning with 'g' originally had an initial consonant - "na ghad!" > na ad!)

···

This is the way in which a negative imperative is expressed in the literary language.
There are traces of it still in the spoken language -
na hitia! = don't worry

···

COLLOQUIAL LANGUAGE:

Generally, the spoken language uses the imperative of

peidio = to cease

···

In the singular, paid â, or paid

In the plural, peidiwch â, or peidiwch

···

Note: â is followed by the spirant mutation,

so c > ch, p > ph, t > th

Note: â becomes ag before a vowel

···

In some dialects, the â has been dropped; some speakers though may use the two forms indiscriminately. The form with 'â' is more traditional, and is the form which is considered more correct.

···

Note:

In the South, peidio is generally pido;
peidiwch becomes pidwch

(the usual use of [i·] instead of [ei] inthe penult, and the loss of the semi-consonant [i] at the beginning of a final syllable - many examples of these two changes in other words in the south)

···

Don't run:
Paid â rhedeg, paid rhedeg
Peidiwch â rhedeg, peidiwch rhedeg

···

Don't look:
Paid ag edrÿch, paid edrÿch
Peidiwch ag edrÿch, peidiwch edrÿch

···

Questions:

1 How is the negative imperative formed in the literary language?

2 Is this way of forming the imperative negative to be found in the spoken language?

3 What is the primary meaning of peidio?

4 Which is the more 'correct' form, paid rhedeg or paid â rhedeg?

5 What's the difference between peidiwch and pidwch?

6 Can you think of other instances where ei > i in southern pronunciations?

7 Can you think of other instances where -io > -o in southern pronunciations?

8 What's wrong with this? Paid â edrÿch

9 What's wrong with this? Paid â cerdded mor ara (don't walk so slowly)

···

Answers:

1 With the negative particla na / nac

2 In general, no. A couple of remnants remain - especially na hitia!

3 to cease (doing), to stop (doing)

4 the more 'correct' form is paid â rhedeg?

5 pidwch is the southern colloquial name; peidiwch is the standard form (and also northern colloquial)

6 Can you think of other instances where ei > i in southern pronunciations?

gweithio = work > gwitho, etc

7 Can you think of other instances where -i is lost in southern pronunciations?

Einion > Einon, Bryniau > Brynna (place name), etc

8 ag before a vowel, not â

9 â cherdded - spirant mutation

···

Remember -

chi is either plural, or singular (formal)

ti is singular (intimate)···

···

Exercise

01 Don't! (singular intimate)

02 Don't (singular intimate) do that!

03 Don't (plural) move the table

04 Don't (plural) talk!

05 Don't (singular intimate) leave the door open!

06 Don't (singular intimate) shout!

07 Don't (singular intimate) eat that!

08 Don't (singular formal) worry

09 Don't make a noise! (plural)

10 Don't (singular intimate) break anything!

·····

01 Paid!

02 Paid â gwneud hynnÿ! / Paid gwneud hynnÿ! (gwneud is often colloquially wneud or neud; hynnÿ becomes 'nÿ) Paid neud nÿ, etc

03 Peidiwch â symud y bwrdd / Peidiwch symud y bwrdd

04 Peidiwch â siarad! Peidiwch siarad!

05 Paid â gadel y drws yn agored! Paid â gadel y drws yn agored!

06 Paid â gweiddi! Paid gweiddi!

07 Paid â bwÿta hwnna! Paid bwÿta hwnna! (Note: the more colloquial form of bwÿta is bÿta)

08 Peidiwch â phoeni! Peidiwch poeni!

09 Peidiwch â chadw swn [suun]. Peidiwch cadw swn

10 Paid â thorri dim! Paid torri dim!

 ····· 

Adolygiadau diweddaraf: 20 01 2000


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