0836e Gwefan Cymru-
http://www.theuniversityofjoandeserrallonga.com/kimro/amryw/1_cwrs/cwrs_0100_ENG_hwn_hwnnw_hwnnw_0836e.htm
0001z Yr Hafan / Home Page
..........1864e
Y Fynedfa yn Saesneg / Entrance Page to the English Section
.....................0010e Y Barthlen / Plan of the website
.....................................1254e Cyfeirddalen yr Adran
Ramadeg / Grammar Section Main Page
..................................................................y tudalen hwn
/ this page
|
|
Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia |
|
1273e “An Elementary Welsh Grammar” by John
Morris-Jones (1864-1929), professor of Welsh at Coleg y Brifysgol (
THIS and THESE in Welsh.
In literary Welsh we use hwn
(masculine) and hon (feminine) for
‘this’, and for the plural hÿn.
DEFINITE ARTICLE (y /
yr) + NOUN + HWN / HON / HYN
For example, with the masculine words tÿ
(= house), mynÿdd (= moorland,
mountain), capel (= chapel), gwefan (= website), lle (= place), blwch (= box), drws (=
door) :
y tÿ hwn : this house
y mynÿdd hwn : this moorland,
mountain
y capel hwn : this chapel
y gwefan hwn : this website
y lle hwn : this place
y blwch hwn : this box
y drws hwn : this door
Feminine : llidiart (= gate), talaith
(= province; state of the United States), ffordd (= road), wal (=
wall), dinas (= city), gwlad
(= country), rhan (= part), pont (= bridge), ochr (= side), taith (= trip, journey)
y llidiart hon : this gate
y dalaith hon : this province; this
state
y ffordd hon : this road
y wal hon : this wall
y ddinas
hon : this city
y ºwlad hon : this country
y rhan hon : this part
y bont hon : this bridge
yr ochr hon : this side
y daith hon : this trip,
journey
And with plural forms : tai (=
houses), tyllau (= holes), ffyrdd (= roads), rhaeadrau (= waterfalls), rhai
(= some), pentrefi (= villages), adeiladau (= buildings)
y
tai hÿn : these houses
y tyllau hÿn : these holes
y ffyrdd hÿn : these roads
y rhaeadrau hÿn : these
waterfalls
y rhai hÿn : ‘these some’
> these ones, these
y pentrefi hÿn : these
villages
y adeiladau hÿn : these buildings.
________________________________________________________________
In spoken Welsh, hwn and hon are not used spontaneously, and have
been replaced by the adverb yma [Ø-ma]
= here, which is reduced to a single syllable ’ma.
y lle yma > y lle ’ma : this place
y ddinas
yma > y ddinas ’ma
: this city
y tyllau yma > y tyllau
’ma : these holes (tyllau is pronounced tylle colloquially)
________________________________________________________________
The ’ma form is generally used in
material for learners of Welsh. In South Wales, though, you will notice that hÿn is used instead of it or along with
it. In the south-east, where the absence of the ‘h’ is a characteristic of this
dialect of Welsh, it becomes ’ÿn.
y lle hÿn > y lle ’ÿn : this place
y ddinas
hÿn > y ddinas ’ÿn
: this city
y tylle hÿn > y tylla ’ÿn : these holes (tylle – south-west; tylla –
south-east)
________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE: (Print out this section)
Translate intoWelsh using hwn / hon. You
may not know some of these words in Welsh. Try the exercise as it is. Following
it is the same exercise with more clues; and after it the answers
1 this room
2 this city
3 this window
4 this map
5 this time
6 this chair
7 this bottle
8 this newspaper
9 this bed
10 this dictionary
11 this website
12 this shirt
13 this milk
14 this pen
15 this plate
16 this box
17 this radio
18 this week
19 this month
20 this shoe
________________________________________________________________
|
1 this room |
yr y_t_f_ll h_n
|
|
2 this city |
y d_ _ ina_ h_n
|
|
3 this window |
y ff_ _ es_ _ h_n
|
|
4 this map |
y m_p h_n
|
|
5 this time |
y tr_ h_n
|
|
6 this milk |
y ll_ _th h_n |
|
7 this bottle |
y bo _ _ _ h_n
|
|
8 this
newspaper |
y p _ _ _ r h_n
|
|
9 this bed |
y gw_lÿ h_n
|
|
10 this
dictionary |
y g _ _ r _ _ dur h_n
|
|
11 this website |
y gw_fan h_n
|
|
12 this shirt |
y cr_s h_n
|
|
13 this chair |
y gad_ _r h_n |
|
14 this pen |
y p_n h_n
|
|
15 this plate |
y pl_t h_n
|
|
16 this box |
y b_cs h_n
|
|
17 this radio |
y r_ _ _ _ h_n
|
|
18 this week |
yr wy _ _nos h_n
|
|
19 this month |
y m_ _ h_n
|
|
20 this shoe |
yr esg_d h_n
|
________________________________________________________________
ATEBION - ANSWERS
|
|
with hwn / hon |
with ’ma |
|
1 this room |
yr ystafell hon
|
y ’stafell ’ma (colloquially the initial y of
ystafell is omitted) |
|
2 this city |
y ddinas hon |
y ddinas ’ma |
|
3 this window |
y ffenestr hon |
y ffenest ’ma (colloquially the final r of ffenestr
is omitted) |
|
4 this map |
y map hwn |
y map ’ma |
|
5 this time |
y tro hwn |
y tro ’ma |
|
6 this milk |
y llaeth hwn |
y llaeth ’ma |
|
7 this bottle |
y botel hon |
y botel ’ma |
|
8 this
newspaper |
y papur hwn |
y papur ’ma |
|
9 this bed |
y gwelÿ hwn |
y gwelÿ ’ma |
|
10 this
dictionary |
y geiriadur hwn
|
y geiriadur ’ma
|
|
11 this website |
y gwefan hwn |
y gwefan ’ma |
|
12 this shirt |
y crÿs hwn |
y crÿs ’ma |
|
13 this chair |
y gadair hon |
y gadair ’ma |
|
14 this pen |
y pen hwn |
y pen ’ma |
|
15 this plate |
y plât hwn |
y plât ’ma |
|
16 this box |
y bocs hwn |
y bocs ’ma |
|
17 this radio |
y radio hwn |
y radio ’ma |
|
18 this week |
yr wÿthnos hon |
yr wÿthnos ’ma |
|
19 this month |
y mis hwn |
y mis ’ma |
|
20 this shoe |
yr esgid hon |
yr esgid ’ma |
DIWEDD / END
Adolygiadau
diweddaraf: 20 01 2000 13 09 2002
Ble’r wyf i? Yr ych chi’n
ymwéld ag un o dudalennau’r Gwefan “CYMRU-CATALONIA”
On sóc? Esteu visitant una pàgina de la Web “CYMRU-CATALONIA” (=
Gal·les-Catalunya)
Weø(r) àm ai? Yùu àa(r) vízïting ø peij fròm dhø “CYMRU-CATALONIA” (=
Weilz-Katølóuniø) Wéb-sait
Where am I? You are visiting a page from the
“CYMRU-CATALONIA” (= Wales-Catalonia) Website
CYMRU-CATALONIA
Edrychwch
ar fy Ystadegau / View My Stats