http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_glasbridd/minnesota_17_rhan_13_riggs_williamson_enwau_lleoedd_0877e.htm
0877e Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia /
Wales-Catalonia Website. The Welsh in Minnesota – an online version of a book published in 1895 - "History of
the Welsh in Minnesota, Foreston and Lime Springs, Ia. Gathered by the Old
Settlers. Edited by Revs. Thos. E. Hughes and David Edwards, and Messrs. Hugh
G. Roberts and Thomas Hughes"
0001 Y Tudalen Blaen / Home Page kimkat0001
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Saesneg / English Gateway kimkat2659e
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Y Barthlen / Plan of the website kimkat2003e
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Y Cymry Alltud / The Welsh in exile kimkat1804e
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Cyfeirddalen i Adran Gwladfa’r Glasbridd / Orientation page for the Welsh Blue
Earth Settlement, Minnesota kimkat1927e
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Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia Pages 294-296 |
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(55) · APPENDIX 1: THE SIOUX AND THEIR NAMES
OF PLACES · (Page 294)
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The Dakota Tribes at the Bend of the Minnesota and Their Names of Places
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By Drs. A. L. Riggs and J. P. Williamson.
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In response to letters sent to Rev. A. L. Riggs, D. D., principal of the Santee
Normal Training School at Santee Agency, Neb., and to Rev. John P. Williamson,
D. D., of Greenwood, S.D., regarding the Indians and their names of places in
the region of the Great Bend of Minnesota, we received the following most
inteseting and valuable matter. No better authority on the points covered can
be found than these two worthy men, who have spent their lives among our Sioux
Indians. They are sons of the renowned missionaries Dr. S. K. Riggs and Dr. T.
S. Williamson.
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LETTER OF DR. A. L. RIGGS
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Mah-kah-to means Blue Earth. The
place where the Indians procured "blue earth" was near the mouth of
the Blue Earth and as I understand they named the stream from that as well as
the particular place.
·····
Minneopa is a name manufactured by
white men. The nearest Dakota word is Minnenonpa
meaning two waters. But I do not know they ever called the twin falls that.
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Wvraju (??Waraju
- difficult to make out) is more correctly spelt Wa-gha-oju. The gh is guttural.
It means cottonwood grove, or literally cottonwood planting.
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Swan Lake was Maga Tanka Mde. The
spelling "Merah" is an old spelling when "r" was used for
the guttural gh which we now write with a marked "g".
The word is Mah-ghah-tan-kah. The
"n" is nasal.
·····
Rev. John B. Renville of whom you speak is still working as a pastor of one of
our Indian churches at Sisseton Agency, a useful christian worker, universally
beloved.
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You are certainly right in your estimate of the important influence of the
missionary work in restraining many of the people from joining in the outbreak
and securing kind treatment and final deliverance for many captives.
·····
Santee Agency, Neb., March 14, 1895. A. L. RIGGS
(Photo of Alfred Riggs at http://www.esu1.k12.ne.us/~santewww/schhis/schoolhistory.htm
History of the Santee Schools: "The Santee Normal Training School was
founded by Alfred L. Riggs, an American Board member, in an attempt to train
native teachers. As a boarding school, established in the winter of 1870-1871,
it had an enrollment of 111 and an average attendance of 69. From 1870-1923,
the school had 2,398 pupils on the roll. After 67 years, the school closed in
1937... Riggs was constantly defending usage of the Dakota language while
teaching. In 1886-7, he was ordered by the government to teach only in the
English language. In Riggs' official report he pointed out that in the normal
department of the school the use of Dakota was 'indispensable to the best
instruction.'")
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LETTER OF DR. J. P. WILLIAMSON
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When the country around Mankato was settled forty years ago, the Indians living
in that region gave the following designations to the prominent points:
1. Onyuwega (The Crossing). This
was Travers (sic) de Sioux (near St. Peter.) It was so called because it was
the point at which all travel from Ft. Snelling and the east, crossed the
Minnesota river; from which point the travel was up the north side of the
Minnesota river passing Swan Lake. And Traverse had been occupied for many
years previous as a trading post by Provencal and others.
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2. Mayasapa (Black Banks). Mouth
of the Blue Earth river. It was not called by the Indians Mankato, its present
name.
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3. Makato-oze (Blue Earth
diggings). The name of the Blue Earth river. This is evidently what the town
Mankato took its name from.
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4. Ma-gha-tan-ka Ota (Many Swan).
The name of Swan Lake.
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5. Wa-gha-oju (Cottonwood groves).
The name seems to have been applied to both the Big and Little Cottonwood
rivers.
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6. Kah-min (The Bend).
This was the general designation for the country around Mankato, as far as St.
Peter, Swan Lake and Cambria Creek.
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7. The Minnesota river they called Wah kpa
Minnesota, "The river of sky-tinted water."
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The Sioux tribes have been drifting for 500 years from the Northeast to the
Southwest. Their oldest traditions show that they lived around Lake Superior.
Two hundred years ago the Yankton Sioux were about Mankato. One hundred years
later they had gone Southwest into what is now Dakota, and their place was
taken by Wahpetons and Sissetons. Before that country was open for white
settlement the Wahpetons had mostly gone further up the Minnesota and the
Sissetons were the principal occupants, with a few from the bands further east.
Fifty years ago there were two leading bands of Sisseton Sioux in that region.
·····
1. Red Iron's Band, called by the Indians Kah min
ontonwe, "Those who live in the Bend," lived at
different points on the Minnesota river, both above and below Mankato. Their
headquarters was at Traverse, but I think that most of the Indians about South
Bend belonged to Red Iron's Band. And the Sixes whom you speak of I
think were "Mdewakanton" Sioux who had lately come in from Little
Six's band, who lived about Shakopee (Six.) Then there were some Wah-pe-koo-tay
Sioux who had come over from about Faribault. Their head chief was Red Legs.
Who "The Friend" was that lived at Judson I do not know.
····
2. Sleepy Eye's band of Sissetons had their headquarters at Swan Lake. Their
Indian name was Sheyo, (Prairie
Chickens.) It was some of this band who lived at the mouth of the Big
Cottonwood, and I suspect at Judson, too, but don't know. Their chief was Ishta-hba (Sleepy Eye.) He died before the
massacre, was a good friend of the whites. Red Irion was also a good man, but
many of his band were wild. After they left the Bend they settled a few miles
above Granite Falls. A majority of his young men were active in the massacre,
and after Gen. Sibley routed the Indians at Yellow Medicine they fled to
Manitoba where they still are. Sleepy Eye himself had nothing to do with the
massacre. Was removed with the remnant of his tribe to Sisseton Agency where he
died about 1870. Has one daughter living.
·····
Sleepy Eye's band moved first to Sleepy Eye Lake. After the massacre they
scattered to the Sisseton Agency, Devils Lake and elsewhere.
·····
The Sixes as a band were probably the worst Indians in the massacre, though I
know nothing particular about those who lived around the Bend. The chief Little
Six was hung with Medicine Bottle at Ft. Snelling about a year after the
massacre. The majority of this band are in Manitoba - a few at Santee Agency,
Nebraska, and elsewhere.
·····
I can vouch for the fact that none of the Renvilles had anything to do with the
massacres at Butternut Valley. Indeed, there is no proof that any Indian who
professed the christian religion previous to 1862 had any connection with any
of the massacres of that year. At that time there were less than two dozen
Indians who professed to be christians, and the few men who made themselves
noted for befriending the whites were nearly all from those two dozen. For
instance, John Otherday, Simon Anawagmani and Lorenzo Lawrence.
·····
The revival in the prison at Mankato was a very wonderful spiritual awakening.
The truth which the missionaries had preached for twenty years and which seemed
to have been cast upon the hard rock, there sprang up like Jonah's gourd in a
night, but unlike the gourd, much of the fruit remains to this day. Nearly
every one of the 300 (about that number) were baptized, and most of them united
with the Presbyterian church that my father, Rev. Thos. S. Williamson,
organized in prison. A few preferred to unite with the Catholic and Episcopal
churches. Of this number probably about fifty are still living and are mostly
faithful to their profession. Two are ministers, Rev. Artemas Ehnamani, of
Santee Agency, Neb., and Rev. Louis Mazawakinyanna of Sisseton Agency. Another,
Rev. David Greycloud, died a few years ago. Many others are still bearing
office as elders or deacons in our churches.
·····
Greenwood, S. D., April, 1895. JOHN P: WILLIAMSON.
·····
0864e kimkat0864e On to the
next section - "Additonial Account of the Sioux War"
···
OTHER LINKS TO PAGES IN THE "WALES-CATALONIA" WEBSITE:
1920e kimkat1920e Geirfa Lakota (Dakota)-Cymraeg-Saesneg / Lakota (Dakota)-Welsh-English
vocabulary
EXAMPLE:
Pezhúta Zi
Meddyginiaeth Felÿn (enw pentre)
Yellow Medicine (village name)
·····
LINKS TO OTHER PAGES IN THE "WALES-CATALONIA" WEBSITE (25 09 2001):
kimkat0893e
Geirfa Lakota (Dakota)-Cymraeg-Saesneg
Lakota (Dakota)-Welsh-English vocabulary
kimkat0855e
Rhestr o gynnwÿs y llÿfr 'History of the Welsh in Minnesota...'
List of the contents of 'The History of the Welsh in Minnesota...'
·····
kimkat0894e
Ein mynegai i'r llÿfr (heb ei orffen)
Our index to the book (incomplete)
·····
kimkat0895e
ychwanegiadau diweddaraf o 'Hanes y Cymrÿ ym Minnesota...'
latest additions from the 'History of the Welsh in Minnesota
·····
kimkat0856e
ein rhestr o'r enwau yn 'Hanes y Cymrÿ ym Minnesota...' (heb ei orffen)
our list of the names which appear in the 'History of the Welsh in
Minnesota...' (incomplete)
·····
kimkat0859e
y Cymrÿ yn erbÿn y Sioux a'r Winnebagos - gwrthryfel 1862
the Welsh against the Sioux and the Winnebagoes - the 1862 uprising
·····
kimkat0550e
mynegai i'r hÿn sÿdd gennÿm yn y Gwefan 'Cymru-Catalonia'
index to the pages in the "Wales-Catalonia" website
·····
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adrannau'r Gwefan 'Cymru-Catalonia'
siteplan - list of sections in the "Wales-Catalonia" website
·····
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cyntedd croeso y Gwefan 'Cymru-Catalonia'
the reception area of the "Wales-Catalonia" website
·····
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tudalen blaen y Gwefan 'Cymru-Catalonia'
front page of the 'Wales-Catalonia' Website
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View our Visitors' Book!
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Would you like to sign our Visitors' Book?
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On sóc? Esteu visitant una pàgina de la Web "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (=
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Where am I? You are visiting a page from the "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (=
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Adolygiad diweddaraf / Latest update: 2012-09-01
..............................................................................
LINKS
TO OTHER WEBSITES
LAKOTA-DAKOTA-NAKOTA
(1) http://www.lakotaoyate.com/welcome.html
Lakota Oyate
"To defend and preserve Lakota culture from exploitation."
·····
(2) http://www.enter.net/~drutzler/intro.htm
Welcome to Spirit's Place
"So yeah, I am Native American. Lakota actually. I do "Indian
stuff", but I am a human being first and foremost. I created this set of
pages for many reasons. First, to help keep Native information easily available
for all... The Lakota Language Page will be updated monthly with a new
subject. This month's lesson: "Animals". Check it out for basic
grammar and phonetics. There is no charge for these lessons, no club to join or
anything else to "buy". This is for you, the curious, the seeking and
the informed"
·····
(3) http://207.254.63.58/language1.htm
Introduction to Lakota
·····
(4) Hau! Tima hiyu wo! 'Greetings! Come inside!' Hokahe, hel iyotaka.
'Welcome' to the Lodge of šung'manitu-Išna, ' Lone Wolf '. The intent of
these pages is to honor a proud and noble people, the Oglala Lakota, of Pine
Ridge, South Dakota. http://207.254.63.58/i-welcome.htm#sitemap
·····
(5) Sisseton Wahpeton Sioux Tribe's Homepage http://swcc.cc.sd.us/homepage.htm
·····
(6) Sota Iya Ye Yapi - http://www.earthskyweb.com/news.htm -
bringing news of the Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe / Dakota Nation and Lake
Traverse Reservation to the World Wide Web. Weekly, with updates when
appropriate during the week.
·····
(7) KILI Radio, the Voice of the Lakota Nation. http://www.lakotamall.com/kili/schedule.htm
KILI Radio (pronounced
"KEE-lee") is the
largest Indian-owned and operated public radio station in America.
We broadcast in English and Lakota 22 hours each day to homes on three
reservations in the Black Hills. Our listeners are spread out over 10,000
square miles, an area larger than the state of Delaware. KILI means
"cool" or "awesome" in the Lakota language. KILI Radio is
cool, but it's much more than that. It's a vital force of preservation for
Lakota people and our culture.
·····
(8) Lakota newspaper. EYAPAHA - allies of the Lakota. http://www.lakotamall.com/allies/Eyapaha/99F/
·····
(9) Links to Lakota-Dakota-Nakota (Sioux) Indians Sites http://members.tripod.com/~PHILKON/links12lakota.html
·····
(10) http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/dakota/Dakota_excerpts.html
In Their Own Words: Excerpts from Speeches & Letters Concerning the
Dakota Conflict
SPEECH OF HDAINYANKA IN FAVOR OF CONTINUING WAR
LETTER FROM GENERAL POPE DECLARING HIS GOAL OF EXTERMINATING SIOUX
LETTER FROM BISHOP WHIPPLE CONCERNING DEGREES OF GUILT
ADDRESS TO CONDEMNED PRISONERS BEFORE THEIR EXECUTIONS
STATEMENT OF TAZOO AT THE TIME OF HIS EXECUTION
LETTER OF HDAINYANKA WRITTEN SHORTLY BEFORE HIS EXECUTION
LETTER FROM REV. THOMAS WILLIAMSON TO REV. STEPHEN RIGGS
LETTER FROM COL. HENRY SIBLEY
LETTER FROM REV. STEPHEN RIGGS
LETTER FROM COL. HENRY SIBLEY TO HIS WIFE
GEORGE CROOK'S (WAKANAJAJA'S) ACCOUNT OF JOURNEY TO PRISON CAMP
CALL OF JACOB NIX, COMMANDANT OF NEW ULM, FOR DAKOTA BLOOD
·····
The above is a section form
(11) The Dakota Indian Conflict http://www.ic.mankato.mn.us/reg9/nul/tour/dakota.html
·····
(12) http://www.nara.gov/exhall/originals/sioux.html
"The Black Hills of Dakota are sacred to the Sioux Indians. In the
1868 treaty, signed at Fort Laramie and other military posts in Sioux country,
the United States recognized the Black Hills as part of the Great Sioux
Reservation, set aside for exclusive use by the Sioux people. However, after
the discovery of gold there in 1874, the United States confiscated the land in
1877. To this day, ownership of the Black Hills remains the subject of a legal
dispute between the U.S. government and the Sioux..."
·····
·····
HO-CHUÑK
(1) The Ho-Chunk ('Winnebago') Nation http://www.ho-chunk.com/index.htm
·····
(2) (Ho-Chunk History - http://www.ho-chunk.com/culture_history_page.htm For
example, 1856 Winnebago mission founded at Blue Earth and is attended by
diocesan priest residing at Saints Peter & Paul Church in Mankato).
·····
(3) Ho-Chunk newspaper http://www.ho-chunk.com/dept_newspaper_page.htm
·····
(4) Indian Circle Web Ring, maintained by the Seminole Tribe of Florida.
List of websites of federally acknowledged tribes in the contiguous 48 states
and in Alaska. http://www.indiancircle.com/links.shtml
·····
·····
INDIAN COUNTRY
(1) http://indiancountry.com
Indian Country - America's Leading Indian News Source. Weekly online
edtion
·····
(2) http://airos.org/grid.html
Programme Schedule for AIROS (American Indian Radio On Satellite)
"The
AIROS network is a national distribution system for Native programming to
Tribal communities and to general audiences through Native American and other
public radio stations as well as the Internet. Alter*Native Voices / California
Indian Radio Project / Different Drums / Earthsongs / National Native News /
Native America Calling / Native Sounds-Native Voices National / New Letters on
Air / Voices from the Circle / Wellness Edition
·····
(3) Minnesota Indian Affairs Council http://www.indians.state.mn.us/stats.htm
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Where am I? You are visiting a page from the "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (=
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