xxx A Welsh to English
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1580e A | 1039e B | 1735e BR | 1018e C | 1071e CE
1675e CI | 1040e CR | 1075e CY |
1020e D | 1674e DI | 1072e E |
1077e F | 1021e G | 1042e GW | 1038e H | 1676e HY, I, J, K, | 1865e L
1022e M | 1677e MI | 1047e N | 1600e O | 1023e P | 1073e PL
1026e R | 1070e S | 1024e T | 1076e TR
1025e U,V | 1731e W, X | 1586e Y, Z |
∆
pl- ‹-›
1 contraction of (p +
vowel + l) especially in colloquial
Welsh
..1 pileru (= to pillar) > p’leru / pleru (colloquial Welsh)
..2 pa le (= what place) > p’le / ple; b’le / ble
..3 Modern Welsh pladur (=
scythe) was historically paladur
2 a word showing the reverse of this process is palasty used erroniously in literature in the 1800s with the
meaning of ‘mansion’.
(1) Mansion is plas (from English ‹plaas› ‘place’ = mansion; modern-day
English ‹pleis›
‘place’ = position, residence).
(2) There is also a compound form (plas =
mansion) + soft mutation + (ty =
house) > plasdy > plasty (= mansion) (the soft mutation is lost through
the influence of the ‘s’)
(3) It was thought wrongly that plasty was
in fact p’lasty, that is, a reduced
from of palasty, which has palas (= palace) being the first
element
:_______________________________.
pla ‹PLAA› [pla:] masculine noun
PLURAL plâu
‹plAAi›
1 plague = highly infectious disease which kills many people
y pla du the bubonic plague, the
great plague (“the black plague”)
2
(Bible) pestilence or affliction sent by God as a punishment for human sin
3
(person) nuisance
Mae'n bla ar f'enaid i He's the bane
of my life (“he’s a plague on my soul”)
Am bla yw'r plentyn na!, also Dyna bla yw'r plentyn na! What a plague
that child is! That child's a real plague!
bod fel pla be a nuisance (“be like
a plague”)
Mae e fel pla He’s a damn nuisance
(“he’s like a plague”)
4 plague = said of something unpleasant, undesired which is
widespread
Mae lladrata'n bla yn ein hardal ni ers
iddyn nhw gau gorsaf heddlu'r pentre
Burglary / theft is a plague in our area since they closed the village police
station
5
plague = obsession
mynd yn bla ar, become an obsession
with
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh pla < “plagh” < British < Latin plâga (= blow, wound)
English
:_______________________________.
pladres, pladresi ‹PLA dres, pla DRE si› [ˡpladrɛs,
plaˡdrɛsɪ] (feminine noun)
1 big hefty woman
y bladres the big hefty woman
:_______________________________.
pladur
‹PLAA-dir› [ˡpla:dɪr] feminine noun
PLURAL pladuriau
‹pla-DIR-yai, -ye›
[plaˡdɪrjai, -jɛ]
1 scythe
y bladur the scythe
2
llafn y bladur bog asphodel (Narthecium
ossifragum) (“blade of the scythe”)
3
cawell pladur cradle for a scythe
4
coes pladur handle of a scythe (USA:
“snathe”)
ETYMOLOGY: pladur < paladur (palu = to dig) + (-adur
noun-forming suffix, indicating an implement or a book).
Cf Scottish (Gŕidhlig) falaid (=
reaping hook)
:_______________________________.
pladuro ‹pla-DII-ro›
[plaˡdɪˑrɔ]
verb
1 (verb with an object) to scythe
2 (verb without an object) to scythe
ETYMOLOGY: (pladur = scythe) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
pladurwr
‹pla-DII-ro› [plaˡdɪˑrʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL pladurwyr
‹pla-DIR-wir› [plaˡdɪrwɪr]
1 mower, one who cuts with a scythe; reaper
ETYMOLOGY: (pladur = scythe) (-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
plaen ‹PLAIN› [plain] (adjective)
1 plain
2 clear, leaving no room for doubt, forthright
yn blwmp ac yn blaen in a forthright
manner (“directly and plainly”)
siarad yn blwmp ac yn blaen straight out, frankly (“speak directly and
plainly”)
dweud eich meddwl yn blwmp ac yn blaen speak
your mind, say what you are thinking, speak without mincing words
plwmp a phlaen (North Wales)
plainspoken, forthright, blunt
3 unequivocal
ateb â “na” plaen to answer with a
clear “no
:_______________________________.
plaengan ‹plein-gan› feminine noun
PLURAL plaenganau
‹plein-gAA-ne›
1 plainsong = unaccompanied vocal music sung in unison characteristic
of the medieval Church (such as Gregorian chant)
y blaengan the plainsong
ETYMOLOGY: plaen gân (plaen = plain)
+ soft mutation + (cân = song)
:_______________________________.
plaid,
pleidiau ‹PLAID,
PLEID-yai, -ye› [plaɪd,
ˡpləɪdjaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 political party
y blaid the party
:_______________________________.
Plaid Cymru <plaid KƏM-ri> [plaɪd
ˡkəmrɪ] (feminine noun)
1 Welsh national party - (the) party (of) Wales
:_______________________________.
plaid geidwadol, pleidiau ceidwadol <plaid geid-WAA-dol, pleid-yai, -ye, keid-WAA-dol> [plaɪd
gəɪdˡwɑˑdɔl, ˡpləɪdjaɪ,
-ɛ,
kəɪdˡwɑˑdɔl]
(feminine noun)
1 conservative party
Y Blaid
Geidwadol the Conservative Party
:_______________________________.
plaid genedlaethol, pleidiau
cenedlaethol <plaid
ge-ned-LEI-thol, pleid-yai, -ye,
ke-ned-LEI-thol> [plaɪd
gɛnɛdˡləɪθɔl, ˡpləɪdjaɪ,
-ɛ,
kɛnɛdˡləɪθɔl] (feminine noun)
1 nationalist party
:_______________________________.
Plaid Genedlaethol Cernyw <plaid ge-ned-LEI-thol KER-niu> [plaɪd
gɛnɛdˡləɪθɔl ˡkɛrnɪʊ] (feminine noun)
1 Cornish Nationalist Party
:_______________________________.
Plaid Genedlaethol Cymru <plaid ge-ned-LEI-thol KƏM-ri> [plaɪd
gɛnɛdˡləɪθɔl ˡkəmrɪ] (feminine noun)
“National Party of Wales” - former name of Plaid Cymru
:_______________________________.
Plaid Genedlaethol yr Alban ‹plaid ge-ned-LEI-thol ər AL-ban › [plaɪd
gɛnɛdˡləɪθɔl ər ˡalban] (feminine noun)
1 Scottish National Party
:_______________________________.
plaid lafur, pleidiau llafur <plaid LAA-vir, PLEID-yai, -ye
LHAA-vir>
[plaɪd
ˡlɑˑvɪr, ˡpləɪdjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡɬɑˑvɪr] (feminine noun)
1 labour party
Y Blaid
Lafur the Labour Party
:_______________________________.
plaid ryddfrydol, pleidiau rhyddfrydol <plaid ridh-VRƏ-dol, pleid-yai, -ye, hridh-VRƏ-dol> [plaɪd
rɪđˡvrədɔl, ˡpləɪdjaɪ, -ɛ, hrɪđˡvrədɔl] (feminine noun)
1 liberal party
:_______________________________.
plaladdwr
<pla-LAA-dhur> [plaˡlɑˑđʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL plaladdwyr
<pla-LADH-wir> [plaˡlađwɪr]
1 pesticide
ETYMOLOGY: (pla = plague) + soft
mutation + (lladdwr = killer,
substance for killing)
:_______________________________.
planedol
<pla-NEE-dol> [plaˡneˑdɔl] adjective
1 planetary
ETYMOLOGY: (planed = planet) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
planedydd
<pla-NEE-didh> [plaˡneˑdɪđ] masculine noun
PLURAL planedyddion
<pla-ne-DƏDH-yon> [planɛˡdəđjɔn]
1 astrologer
Deuteronomium 18:10 Na chaffer ynot a
wnelo i’w fab, neu i’w ferch, fyned trwy y tân; neu a arfero ddewiniaeth, na
phlanedydd, na daroganwr, na hudol,
Deuteronomy 18:10 There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his
son or his daughter to pass through the fire, or that useth divination, or an
observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch,
ETYMOLOGY: (planed = planet) + (-ydd noun suffix for indicating a
device or an agent)
:_______________________________.
planhigfa
<plan-HIG-va> [planˡhɪgva] feminine noun
PLURAL planhigfaoedd
<plan-hig-VEIDH> [planhɪgˡvəɪđ]
1 plantation
y blanhigfa the plantation
planhigfa gotwm cotton plantation
ETYMOLOGY: (planhig-, stem of planhigyn = plant) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a
place)
:_______________________________.
planhigfa rwber <plan-HIG-va RUU-ber> [planˡhɪgva
ˡruˑbɛr] feminine noun
PLURAL planhigféydd
rwber <plan-hig-VEIDH
RUU-ber> [planhɪgˡvəɪđ
ˡruˑbɛr]
1 rubber plantation
:_______________________________.
planhigyn
<plan-HII-gin> [planˡhiˑgɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL planhigion
<plan-HIG-yon> [planˡhɪgjɔn]
1 plant;
planhigion blodeuog flowering
plants,
planhigion gwyllt wild plants
ETYMOLOGY: planhig-, secondary form
of *plannig = plant)
+ (-yn diminutive suffix added
to nouns).
Plannig is (plant- < British < Latin planta
= plant) + (-ig suffix)
Cf Welsh plant (= children) <
Latin planta (= plant)
:_______________________________.
plannu <PLA-ni> [ˡplanɪ] (verb)
1 to plant
ETYMOLOGY: (plann- < plant- a plant) + (-u
verb suffix)
:_______________________________.
plant <PLANT> [plant] (plural
noun)
1 children; see plentyn
:_______________________________.
plas <PLAAS> [plɑːs] masculine noun
PLURAL plasau <PLA-sai, -e> [ˡplasaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 mansion = residence of a nobleman or noblewoman;
2 mansion, as the residence of local gentry (in the 1800s the
gentry, even if descended from old Welsh nobility, tended to be Anglican in
religion, English in speech, and supporters of the English Conservative Party;
and often wealthy landowners, exploiting their tenantry.)
Merch plas yn Sir Drefaldwyn oedd fy mam
My mother was brought up in a mansion in the county of Trefaldwyn
(“(it is) (the) daughter (of) (a) mansion in (the) county (of) Trefaldwyn
that-was my mother”)
3 Yr Henblas <ər HEN-blas> [ər
ˡhɛnblas] (“the old
mansion”)
.....(1) SH9837 mansion in
Llandderfel, county of Gwynedd
(“Hen-blas”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH9837 map
.....(2) SH4272 mansion in Llangristiolus, county of
Môn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH4272
4 merch plas girl who is
the daughter of a family living in a mansion, woman who was brought up in a
mansion;
merch y plas the daughter of the
family in the mansion
mab plas boy who is the son of a
family living in a mansion, man who was brought up in a mansion;
mab y plas the son of the family in
the mansion
5 house names - for a terraced house, semi-detached house, detached
house, etc in a village or town or city
Plas-hedd (“(the) mansion (of)
peace”)
6 in names of buildings housing offices
Concordia Cyf, Plas-gwynt, Clos Sophia,
Caer-dydd Concordia Ltd (name of a company), (“(the) mansion (of) (the)
wind”), Clos Sophia (street name), Caer-dydd (city name)
7 as an element in street names - the name usually commemorates a
nearby mansion or a former mansion on the site or in the vicinity; often with
an element indicating a road
Heol Plasnewydd street in Caer-dydd
by the old mansion called Plasnewydd (“new mansion / place”)
8 street names - often as an equivalent of English 'place'
Plas Croeso street in Casllwchwr
(“(the) place (of) welcome”, “Welcome Place”)
Plas y Delyn street in Caer-dydd
(“(the) place (of) the harp”)
Plas Taliesin street in Penárth
(“(the) place (of) Taliesin”)
Plas Heddwch street in Y Pil (“(the)
place (of) peace”)
9 Many mansion names are defined by affixing yn (= in) and the name of a district, or other defining element
..a/ Plas yn Iâl SJ1749 “(the) mansion in Iâl” Mansion near Bryneglwys (county of Dinbych); the house and estate were formerly in the possession of the Yale family. (Elihu Yale, Wrecsam, of the family which founded Yale College in the USA)
..b/ Plas-yn-llan (see entry below)
..c/ SJ2943 Plas-yn-wern, west of Rhiwabon.
y plas yn Y Wern the mansion at Y Wern (= alder-swamp)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=309065 map
10 Plas + the name of the village in which it is situated
Plas
Boduan
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh plas < English place (= town house; or a mansion and
its grounds) < Old French place
< Latin platea < Greek plateia (hodos) (= wide (road))
Sound changes: In Middle English a
in open syllables became aa, and
many words were borrowed from English into Welsh at this time.
Later on in
English, circa 1500 aa > ei
Old French “plas” (short vowel) > Middle English “plas” (short vowel) >
“plaas” (long vowel) > Welsh plas
<plaas> [plɑːs]
In English <plaas> [plɑːs] has since become <pleis> [pləɪs],
though retaining the French spelling
:_______________________________.
Plas-coch
<plaas-KOOKH> [ˡplɑːs
ˡkoːx]
1 (SH5168) mansion in Ynys Môn (Gwynedd)
"Plas-coch: this interesting house
has long been of importance. At the beginning of the twelfth century it was the
residence of Llywarch ab Bran {Brân},, Lord of Cwmmwd Menai... It was called
Porthamael till 1569 when Hugh Hughes, Esq, built the present house, which,
from the complexion of the stone, acquired the name of Plas Coch (Red Hall)”
(Parry's New Guide to Wales / Edward Parry / 1847)
ETYMOLOGY: y plas coch “(the) red mansion”
(y definite article) + (plas = mansion) + (coch = red)
:_______________________________.
plasebo, plasebos <pla-SEE-bo, pla-SEE-boz> [plaˡseˑbɔ,
plaˡseˑbɔz] (masculine noun)
1 placebo
:_______________________________.
Plas-mawr
<plaas-MAUR> [ˡplɑːs
ˡmaʊr]
1 mansion name, various places
..a/ ST1378 Heol Plas-mawr, Caer-dydd (“Plasmawr Road”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/361893
..b/ mansion in Conwy SH7877
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/913719
..c/ farm SJ1077 by Pen-y-cefn, county of Y Fflint (on map as “Plâs-mawr”, with a circymflex showing that the vowel is long, but according to Welsh spelling convention is unnecessary in monosyllable words with a simple vowel ending in –s)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/151619
..d/ modern building in Brynbuga, county of Mynwy (“Plas Mawr”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/960744
..e/ House SN6109 near a farm called Y Plas, near Ty^-croes, county of Caerfyrfddin / Carmarthen
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=188533
..f/ SH6742 Town house in Carnarfon, now Neuadd y Farchnad (the market hall)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/367606
..g/
ETYMOLOGY: y plas mawr “(the) great mansion, (the) great hall”
(y definite article) + (plas = mansion) + (mawr = big, great)
:_______________________________.
plastig <PLAS-tig> [ˡplastɪg] masculine noun
PLURAL plastigau,
plastigion <plas-TII-gai,
-ge, plas-TIG-yon,> [plasˡtiˑgaɪ,
-ɛ, plasˡtɪgjɔn,] 1 plastic = organic compound produced by polymerization
2
(adj) plastic
bŕg plastig plastic bag
clun blastig plastic hip, replacement
hip
ETYMOLOGY: English plastic <
Latin plasticus
(= related to moulding) < Greek
plastikos < plastos
(= moulded) < plassein (= to form, to mould)
:_______________________________.
Plasybiswail
<plaas ə BIS-wail,
-wel> [ˡplɑːs ə ˡbɪswaɪl, -ɛl] masculine noun
1 Plasybiswail street
name in Llaneirwg (county of Caer-dydd) (spelt “Plas y Biswail” on the street
signs)
ETYMOLOGY: (the) mansion (of) the cowdung”, cowdung mansion (plas = mansion) + (y definite article) + (biswail
= cattle dung)
NOTE: In the parish of Llaneirwg there is (or there was) a farm called Pwllybiswail (Pwll-y-Biswael, Kelly’s
Directory of Monmouthshire, 1901) (“pool of the dung”)
:_______________________________.
Plas-y-llan
<plaas-ə-LHAN> [ˡplɑːs
ə ˡɬan] masculine noun
1
Name noted by John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911)
“PLAS-Y-LLAN (the mansion by the church.) A house at Whitchurch, the residence
of Ignatius WILLIAMS, esq., J.P.”
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) mansion (by) the church”
(plas = mansion) + (y definite article) + (llan = church)
:_______________________________.
Plas-yn-llan
<plaas-ən-LHAN> [ˡplɑːs
ən ˡɬan]
1
place in Cilcain (Sir y Fflint)
2 place in Llanfair Talhaearn (county of Conwy)
3 SJ1155 house in Efenechtyd (county of Dinbych / Denbigh)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/573403
(“The Geograph British
Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information
for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
4 name of a hotel in Llangurig (county of Powys)
5 place in Llansilin (county of Powys)
6 mansion by Llangynhafal church (county of Dinbych)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/135338
ETYMOLOGY: y plas yn y llan “(the) mansion (in) the village”
(y definite article the) + (plas
= mansion) + (yn = in) + (y
definite article the ) + (llan
= parish church; village around the parish church)
:_______________________________.
plât, platiau <PLAAT,
PLAT-yai, -e> [plɑːt, ˡplatjaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 plate; see plât rhif
:_______________________________.
platfform, platfformau <PLAT-form,
plat-FOR-mai, -e> [ˡplatfɔrm,
platˡfɔrmaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1 platform
:_______________________________.
plât rhif
<plaat HRIIV> [plɑːt
ˡhriˑv] masculine noun
PLURAL platiau
rhif <PLAT-yai,
-ye, HRIIV> [ˡplatjaɪ,
-ɛ, ˡhriːv]
1 (USA: license plate) (Englandic: car number plate, number plate);
plaque with the registration number of a car usually carried at the front and at
the back;
plât y rhif = the number plate
:_______________________________.
pledio <PLED-yo> [ˡplɛdjɔ] (verb)
1 plead
2 pledio'n euog plead
gulity
:_______________________________.
pledren, pledrenni <PLE-dren,
ple-DRE-ni> [ˡplɛdrɛn,
plɛˡdrɛnɪ] (feminine noun)
1 bladder
y bledren the bladder
:_______________________________.
pledu <PLEE-di> [ˡpleˑdɪ] (verb)
1 (North) throw
:_______________________________.
plegid <PLEE-gid> [ˡpleˑgɪd] (masculine noun)
1 (obsolete) part; cause;
2 oblegid = because
:_______________________________.
pleidleisio <pleid-LEI-sho> [pləɪdˡləɪʃɔ] (verb)
1 to vote
:_______________________________.
plennydd
<PLEE-nidh> [ˡpleˑnɪđ] masculine noun
1 radiance, light
Occurs as a pseudonym in an eisteddfod in 1858
“Plenydd” being called upon, he emerged in the person of the Rev. John Williams
ab Ithel, one of the most profound scholars and antiquaries in this country
(Cambrian Journal p 276 – “Llangollen Eisteddfod”)
2 (adjective) fine, splendid (an example from the 1200s is quoted in Geiriadur
Prifysgol Cymru / The University of Wales Dictionary)
ETYMOLOGY: Occurs as plenydd in 1803 in Owen-Pughe’s Dictionary of the
Welsh Language as a noun (= radiance, light). Probably a variant of ysblennydd
(= splendid).
:_______________________________.
plentyn
<PLEN-tin> [ˡplɛntɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL plant
<PLANT> [plant]
1 child = baby, infant
cael plentyn have a child
2 child = young boy or young girl
blant (vocative form - has soft
mutation) dewch, blant! come here,
you children!
clinig cyfarwyddo plant child
guidance clinic
clinig lles plant child welfare
clinic
dalfa blant remand home = place of
detention for juvenile offenders aged from the age of 8 to 14
da 'mhlant i! well done, my
children!
ni blant we children
...Rwy'n cofio Taid yn adrodd yr hanes
droeon wrthon ni blant
...I remember grandfather telling us the story many times to us children
plant mân little children
plentyn crwn, plant crynion child
(“round child”)
plentyn siawns illegitimate child,
bastard (“child (of) chance”)
rhoi rhaff i'r plentyn let a child
have too much of its own way (“give a rope to the child”)
yr hen blant the kids
y plantos the kids
wylo fel
plentyn cry like a child
3 child = minor, person having not yet reached the age of majority
plant a phobl ifanc children and
young people
na dyn mewn oed na phlentyn neither
adult nor child
Plant yn ni eto o dan ein hoed We're
still children at heart however old we may be (“(it) is children that we are
still under our age”)
plentyn ysgol, plant ysgol <plen-tin Ə-skol, plant Ə-skol> [ˡplɛntɪn
ˡəskɔl, ˡplant ˡəskɔl] schoolchild
4
son or daughter of any age
Mae ei phlant dros eu hanner cant erbyn
hyn His children are over fifty now
5
chwarae plant child’s play, kids’
stuff, something very easy
6
gofalwr plant (m) childminder
gofalwraig plant (f) childminder
8
plentyn anghyfreithlon illegitimate
child
plentyn siawns lovechild (“child
(of) chance”)
(South) plentyn serch lovechild
(“child (of) love / passion”)
(South) plentyn trwy’r llwyn
lovechild (“child through the bush”)
(North) plentyn llwyn a pherth
lovechild (“child (of) bush and thicket”)
ETYMOLOGY: plant < British <
Latin planta (= plant) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns to
make a singular form out of a collective noun or plural noun) with a change of
vowel a > e under the influence of the yn
of the suffix
:_______________________________.
plentyndod <plen-TƏN-dod> [plɛnˡtəndɔd] (masculine noun)
1 childhood
:_______________________________.
pleser <PLE-ser> [ˡplɛsɛr] masculine noun
PLURAL pleserau <ple-SEE-rai, -e> [plɛˡseˑraɪ,
-ɛ]
1 pleasure = state of being pleased, feeling of enjoyment
cael pleser wrth (wneud rhywbeth)
get pleasure from (doing)
cael pleser mawr wrth get great
pleasure from (doing)
cael pleser o find pleasure in
cael pleser yn (rhywbeth) take
pleasure in something, derive pleasure from something, find pleasure in
something
pleser neilltuol exceptional
pleasure, great pleasure
rhoi pleser i give pleasure to
Dymunwn gael pleser eich cwmni We
request the pleasure of your company (“we desire (the) getting (the) pleasure
(of) your company”)
2 Pa bleser sydd genyt i'm poenydio?
Why do you take pleasure in vexing me?
3 pleasure = an activity giving enjoyment; a
source of enjoyment
pęl-droed yw ei hoff bleser
football is his great pleasure (“his favoured pleasure”)
4 llong bleser pleasure boat = boat which makes short trips for
holidaymakers
5
ffair bleser funfair
6
Mae'n bleser i fi... It gives me pleasure to...
7
cyfuno busnes â phleser combine business with pleasure
8 bod yn bleser to be a pleasure
Roedd yn bleser darllen ei erthygl It was a pleasure to read his article
9
gyda phleser <gii-da
FLE-ser> [ˡgiˑda ˡflɛsɛr] (adverb) with pleasure
ETYMOLOGY: English pleser (obsolete
variant of pleasure) < French,
use of the Latin infinitive plâcere
(= to please) as a noun
Modern
French: plaisir (= pleasure)
:_______________________________.
pleserus <ple-SEE-ris> [plɛseˑrɪs] (adjective)
1 pleasurable
:_______________________________.
plesio <PLE-sho> [ˡplɛʃɔ] (verb)
1 to please
2 Siôn plesio pawb a man who tries to
please everybody (“John (of) pleasing everybody”)
3
Does dim plesio arno He just can’t be
pleased, There’s no pleasing him
(i.e. he’s dissatisfied whatever you do for him, he’ll complain no matter what you for him)
(“there’s no
pleasing on him”)
:_______________________________.
pleth, plethau / plethi <PLEETH,
PLEE-thai, -the, PLE-thi> [pleˑθ,
ˡpleˑθɛ, ˡpleˑθaɪ, ˡpleˑθɪ] (feminine noun)
1 plait, tress
y bleth the tress
:_______________________________.
plethu <PLEE-thi> [ˡpleˑθɪ] (verb)
1 plait
:_______________________________.
plicio <PLIK-yo> [ˡplɪkjɔ] (verb)
1 pluck
:_______________________________.
plisgyn <PLI-skin> [ˡplɪskɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL plisg
<PLISK> [plɪsk]
1 (North Wales) plisgyn cneuen nutshell
plisgyn ŵy eggshell = hard
protective layer of a bird's egg
2
(electron) shell
ETYMOLOGY: (plisg = shell) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns)
plisg < British
From the same British root: Cornish pliskenn (= husk, pod), Breton: pluskenn (= bark)
From the same Celtic root in the Hibernian languages: Irish blaosc (= eggshell, nutshell,
seashell), escocčs plaosg
NOTE: See also plisgen
In the south plishgyn, with sh
:_______________________________.
plisman, plismyn <PLIS-man,
PLIS-min> [ˡplɪsman,
ˡplɪsmɪn] (masculine noun)
1 policeman (South Wales)
:_______________________________.
plismon, plismyn <PLIS-mon,
PLIS-min> [ˡplɪsmɔn,
ˡplɪsmɪn] (masculine noun)
1 polieman (North Wales)
2 plismon plant <plis-mon PLANT> [ˡplɪsmɔn ˡplant] truancy officer ('policeman for
children')
:_______________________________.
plismona <plis-MOO-na> [ˡplɪsmoˑna] (verb)
1 to do policing duties
:_______________________________.
plismones, plismonesau <plis-MOO-nes,
plis-mo-NE-sai, -e> [plɪsˡmoˑnɛs,
plɪsmɔneˑsaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 policewoman
y blismones the policewoman
:_______________________________.
plismyn <PLIS-min> [ˡplɪsmɪn] (plural noun)
1 policemen; plural of plismon
:_______________________________.
ploryn
<PLOO-rin> [ˡploˑrɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL plorynnod,
plorod <plo-RƏ-nod, PLOO-rod> [plɔˡrənɔd,
ˡploˑrɔd]
1 pimple = pustule from inflammation of the skin
2
mynd yn blorod come out in pimples
Roedd ei wyneb yn blastar o blorod a
phennau duon
His face was covered in (“was a plaster of”) pimples and blackheads
3
in referring to something unsightly
Roedd y bynglo newydd fel ploryn mawr
haerllug ar war y bryn
The new bungalow was like a large brazen pimple on the hillcrest
ETYMOLOGY: (plôr = (obsolete) dust,
pimples) + (-yn diminutive suffix
added to nouns to make a singular form out of a collective noun)
:_______________________________.
plotyn <PLO-tin> [ˡplɔtɪn] masculine
noun
PLURAL plotau
<PLO-tai, -e> [ˡplɔtaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 (South-east Wales) eyepatch
ETYMOLOGY: (plot = piece) + (-yn diminutive suffix); plot < English blot (unknown origin)
:_______________________________.
pluf (plu') <PLIIV, PLII> [pliːv, pliː] (plural noun)
1 feathers See plufyn
:_______________________________.
pluen, plu <PLII-en, -PLII> [ˡpliˑɛn, pliː] (feminine noun)
1 feather
2 lladd â phluen (“kill with (a) feather”) damn with faint
praise
:_______________________________.
plufyn, pluf (plu') <PLII-vin, PLIIV, PLII> [ˡpliˑvɪn, pliːv,
pliː] (masculine noun)
1 feather
2 â’ch pen yn eich plu (“with
your head in your feathers”) dejected, miserable, unhappy, crestfallen
:_______________________________.
pluog
<PLII-og> [ˡpliˑɔg] adjective
1 feathered
da pluog poultry (“featherd goods”)
gwerthwr da pluog poulterer
ETYMOLOGY: (plu = feathers) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
PLURAL SUFFIX + SINGULATIVE SUFFIX
The simple singular form of some words is abandoned in favour of a new singular form based on the plural form
llyg > llygod (= mice) > llygoden (= mouse)
llyg however is used in the sense of ‘shrew’
pi > piod (= magpies) > pioden (= magpie)
BUT for pysgod (= fishes), pysgodyn (= a fish), see pysgödyn
:_______________________________.
plwca
<PLU-ka> [ˡplʊka] masculine
noun
1 sludge, mud, mire
2
(adjctive) muddy, miry;
dŵr plwca muddy water
3
(Place Names)
..a/ Plwca Halog (old field name, Caer-dydd) (“dirty mire”); Heol y
Plwca (“road of the mire”) (street name by this field, Caer-dydd, in
English “City Road”);
..b/ Plas Plwca (“mansion of the mire”) house name, Ceredigion
..c/ Plwcadafydd, farm in Tredodrij (Bro Morgannwg) (“mire of Dafydd /
David”)
..d/ Pwllyplwca place in Llaneirwg (“pool of the mire”) on Heol
Werngethin ("Pwll-y-plwcca" in Kelly’s Directory of Monmouthshire,
1901)
ETYMOLOGY: from English, probably plucky
(with the obsolete sense “heavy, clogging, adhesive”)
:_______________________________.
plwcan
<PLU-kan> [ˡplʊkan] masculine
noun
1 (South Wales) throb
ETYMOLOGY: (plwc = jerk, throb) + (-an = suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
plwg clust
<plug KLIST> [ plʊg ˡklɪst] masculine
noun
PLURAL plygiau
clust <PLƏG-yai, -ye KLIST> [ˡpləgjaɪ, -ɛ
ˡklɪst] 1
ear plug
ETYMOLOGY: translation of English “ear plug”; (plwg = plug) + (clust =
ear)
:_______________________________.
plwm <PLUM> [plʊm] masculine
noun
1 mor drwm â phlwm as
heavy as lead
2
lead = lead bullets
peledi plwm lead shot
llond ei gorff o blwm poeth his body riddled with hot lead
3
gwaith plwm lead mine
gwythďen blwm seam of lead
4
dalen blwm sheet of lead
dalennau plwm sheet lead
5
plwm coch red lead, red oxide of
lead
plwm gwyn white lead
6
di-blwm lead free
7
gwenwyno â phlwm lead poisoning
(“poisoning with lead”)
8
llinyn plwm plumb line = string with
a lead weight on one end for testing if a wall etc is perpendicular
9
plymen plummet (lead weight)
10
suddo fel plwm sink like a stone
(“sink like lead / like a lead weight”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh plwm < British
< Latin plumb-um
from the same British root:
Cornish plomm (= lead), Breton plom (= lead)
:_______________________________.
plwmp <PLUMP> [plʊmp] (adjective)
1 plainspoken, forthright, blunt
2 plwmp a phlaen (North
Wales) plainspoken, forthright, blunt
3 yn blwmp ac yn blaen straight
out, frankly (“say directly and plainly”)
dweud eich meddwl yn blwmp ac yn blaen speak
your mind, say what you are thinking, speak without mincing words
ETYMOLOGY: English plump (= blunt,
direct, forthright)
:_______________________________.
plwyf, plwyfi <PLUIV, PLUI-vi> [plʊɪv,
ˡplʊɪvɪ] (masculine noun)
1 parish
2 byw ar y plwyf live on charity (“live
on the parish”)
:_______________________________.
plygain <PLƏ-gain,
-gen> [ˡpləgaɪn, -ɛn] masculine noun
PLURAL plygeiniau
<plə-GEIN-yai, -e> [pləˡgəɪnjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
(obsolete) cockcrow
2
(obsolete) daybreak
ym mhlygain y bore drannoeth at dawn
the following day
3
pre-dawn matins on Christmas Day (the service began between three and six o’
clock)
also: gwasanaeth plygain
carol plygain matin song (sung on
Christmas morning)
4
plygeiniol very early
yn blygeiniol (adv) very early in
the morning
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh plygain < plygein < pylgein < British *pulkant-i-
< Latin pullkantio < pullikantio (= cockcrow), pullus (= chicken) + cantâre, frequentative form of canere (= to sing)
Breton pellgent (= cockcrow), oferenn ar pelgent (= midnight mass)
:_______________________________.
plygeiniol <plə-GEIN-yol> [pləˡgəɪnjɔl] adj
1
very early, at the crack of dawn
Gadewais Drefeca yn blygeiniol, am bump y gloch y bore I left Trefeca at the
crack of dawn, at five in the morning
ETYMOLOGY: (plygein- =
penult-syllable form of plygain =
cockcrow) + (-iol, suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
plygu <PLƏ-gi> [ˡpləgɪ] (verb)
1 to fold
:_______________________________.
plymer <PLƏ-mer> [ˡpləmɛr] masculine
noun
PLURAL plymeriaid
<plə-MER-yaid, -yed> [pləˡmɛrjaɪd, -ɛd]
1 plumber
Roedd Taid yn blymar yn Nolgellau ac yn
botsiwr o fri
My grandfather was a plumber in Dolgellau and an accomplished poacher
criw o blymars a group of plumbers
rhoi help llaw i Jôs y plymar give a
helping hand to Jones the plumber
ETYMOLOGY: English plumber <
French (cf modern French plombier =
plumber) < Latin plumbum (= lead)
NOTE: (1) also plymyr <PLƏ-mər> [ˡpləmər]; (2) in the
north-west plymar (in this zona a
final e becomes a; (3) in the south-east, plwmwr
<PLU-mur> [ˡplʊmʊr] (qv)
:_______________________________.
plymfomio <pləm-VOM-yo> [pləmˡvɔmjɔ] verb
1 divebomb
ETYMOLOGY: (plym-, stem of plymio = plummet, drop like a lead
weight; dive) + soft mutation + (bomio
= to bomb)
:_______________________________.
plymio <PLƏM-yo> [ˡpləmjɔ] (verb)
1 to dive
2 plymio i’r ddaear (plane) crash
(“plummet to the ground”)
:_______________________________.
plymiwr <PLƏM-yur> [ˡpləmjʊr] masculine
noun
PLURAL plymwyr
<PLƏM-wir> [ˡpləmwɪr]
1 diver
2 (sometimes) plumber (standard Welsh: plymer)
ETYMOLOGY: (plym-, stem of plymio = to dive) + (-i-o = suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
plwmwr <PLU-mur> [ˡplʊmʊr] masculine
noun
PLURAL plymwyr
<PLUM-wir> [ˡplʊmwɪr]
1 (South-east Wales) plumber (standard Welsh: plymer)
ETYMOLOGY: plwmwr < plymiwr (= plumber)
(plym-, stem of plymio = work with lead, work as a plumber) + (-i-wr = agent suffix)
NOTE: (1) in the south the semi-consonant i
at the beginning of the final syllable is lost; (2) and the change w > y in the penult does not occur
:_______________________________.
plymwyr <PLƏM-wir> [ˡpləmwɪr]
1 divers; plural of plymiwr
(= diver)
2 plumbers; plural of plwmwr
(= plumber), a south-eastern form (standard Welsh: plymer)
:_______________________________.
pnawn <PNAUN> [ˡpnaʊn] (masculine noun)
1 afternoon
:_______________________________.
po <POO> [poː]
1 particle used before a superlative adjective in phrases of
equative increase. It is followed by the soft mutation
Po gryfaf yr arogl, wel, gorau oll
The stronger the smell, so much the better
Also in a number of fixed expressions:
Gorau i gyd po gyntaf The sooner the
better
Po ddyfnaf fo’r afon, lleiaf oll ei
thrwst Still waters run deep (“be it deepest that-is the river, all the
least its noise”)
Po dynnaf y llinyn, cyntaf y tyr the
tighter a string, the sooner it snaps
Po fwyaf y llanw, mwyaf oll y llai
The higher they go, the harder they fall (“be it greatest the incoming tide,
the greatest all the outgoing tide”)
Po lyfnaf y bo’r dŵr, dyfnaf fydd y
rhyd Still waters run deep (“be it smoothest that-is the water, the deepest
the ford will be”)
po hynaf
y dyn, gwaethaf ei bwyll > po hyna’r dyn, gwaetha’i bwyll the
older a man is, the less sense he has, no fool like an old fool (“the older the
man, worse his reason” )
ETYMOLOGY: A form of bo (= it might
be), third person present subjunctive of bod
(= to be) – the initial consonant b
has become unvoiced > p
:_______________________________.
pob <POOB> [poːb] (determiner)
1 each, every
2
gyda phob parch i chi with all
due respect
3
In sayings, with the pattern (qualifier) + (pob / every) + (subject)
Angof pob absen Out of sight, out of
mind (“oblivion every absence”)
Ffôl pob tlawd (“a fool every poor
man”) every poor man is foolish, poverty comes from foolishness
4 y tu hwnt i bob amheuaeth beyond doubt (“beyond all doubt”)
5
wishing somebody something
Pob hwyl i ti! I wish you well !
(“every emotion for you”)
Pob lwyddiant i ti! I wish you
success ! (“every success for you”)
6 at the head
of adverbial phrases, pob > bob
(RULE: the initial consonant of the first word of an adverbial phrase undergoes
soft mutation)
pob bore every morning
Mae pob bore yn wahanol Every morning is different
Bob bore (adverbial phrase) every morning
Fe fyddwn i’n mynd yno bob bore I used to go there every morning
7 ym mhob twll a chornel in every nook and cranny (“in ever hole and corner”)
:_______________________________.
pob dim ‹poob DIM› (pronoun)
1 everything
2 eich boddháu ym mhob dim to satisfy your every wish (“satisfy you
in everything”)
:_______________________________.
pobi ‹PO bi› (verb)
1 to bake
2 Anodd pobi heb flawd “(it is) difficult baking without flour” it is difficult or impossible to do something unless you have the necessary material
Equivalent expressions in English - No bricks
without straw, Even the Israelites could not make bricks without straw, you can’t make bricks without straw.
(The origin of the English expressions is explained by E. Cobham Brewer (1810–1897). Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898.
To attempt
to do something without having the necessary material supplied. The allusion is
to the Israelites in Egypt, who were commanded by their taskmasters so to do.
(Exodus v. 7.))
See priddfaen (= brick)
:_______________________________.
pobl, pobloedd ‹PO bol, PO blodh› (feminine noun)
1 people = persons;
y bobl the people
2
people = tribe, nation
3 y
bobl gyffredin ‹ə BO
bol gə FRE din› the general public
4
un o’r bobl brin hynny sydd... one
of the few people who...
NOTE: Often written to reflect its pronunciation - pobol
:_______________________________.
poblen
‹po-blen› feminine noun
PLURAL poblenni,
pobls ‹po-ble-ni,
po-bəls›
South Wales (in the area of the rivers
Aman and Tawe)
1 pebble
y boblen the pebble
Nid ti yw’r unig boblen ar y traeth
You’re not the only pebble on the beach (there are plenty of other girls to
choose from)
Pwll y Boblen (“(the) pool (of) the
pebble”) a pool in the stream called Nant y Groes (the stream of / by the
cross), near Y Garnant SN6813
ETYMOLOGY: English pobble, variant
of pebble < Old English papolstaan (papol = ?pebble) + (staan
= stone)
NOTE: In the county of Penfro in the south-west, and in eastern Morgannwg, in
the south-east, the form in use is poplen,
popls and also poplisen, poplis
:_______________________________.
poblogaeth
‹po-blo-geth› feminine noun
PLURAL poblogaethau
‹po-blo-gei-the›
1 population = all the people of a country, city, etc
y boblogaeth the population
2
trwch y bobolgaeth the majority of
the population
Cyn hir bydd trwch poblogaeth Cymru yn
siarad yr iaith unwaith eto
Before long the great majority of the population of Wales will speak Welsh once
again
3
population = a number representing the total of a population
Yr oedd dros hanner can miliwn o
boblogaeth i'w rheoli o Fienna y pryd hwnnw
There were more than fifty million people governed from Vienna at that time
(“half a hundred million of population”)
4
Ecology population = group of the
same species in an area
5
Statistics population = total number
of items from which samples are taken
6
gorboblogaeth overpopulation, an
excessive population in regard to available resources, comfort, chances of
survival
7
tanboblogaeth underpopulation, an
inadequate population to ensure survival or to use available resources
efficiently
8
tenau eich poblogaeth
sparsely-populated (“thin your population”)
Camp nid bychan yw codi Ł180,000 i
gynnal Prifwyl yr Urdd a hynny mewn ardal denau ei phoblogaeth fel gogledd
Penfro
It is no easy effort to raise Ł180,000 to celebrate the eisteddfod of the Welsh
League of Youth in a sparsely-populated area like the north of Penfro
ETYMOLOGY: (poblog = populated) + (-aeth suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
pobman ‹POB man› (adverb)
1 everywhere
Ma fa â'i big miwn i bobman He's a
real busybody, He’s really nosy (“he’s with his beak/ nose in everywhere”)
:_______________________________.
pobun ‹PÔ bin› (pronoun)
1 everyone
dweud wrth bawb a phobun am (rywbeth)
to tell all and sundry about
:_______________________________.
pob peth
‹poob peeth›
1 every type of thing, all kinds of things
gwerthwr pob peth general dealer
ETYMOLOGY: (pob = every) + (peth = thing)
:_______________________________.
pobol ‹PO bol› (feminine noun)
1 see: pobl
:_______________________________.
pob peth ‹poob PEETH› (masculine noun)
1 everything
2 Mae pob peth wrth lygad
lleidr Opportunity makes the thief (“everything is in the eye of a thief”)
:_______________________________.
pob un ‹poob IIN› (pronoun)
1 everyone
2
pob un ohonynt ‹poob iin o-ho-nint› every
one of them, every single one of them
Lladdwyd pob un ohonynt Every one of
them was killed
:_______________________________.
pobydd, pobyddion ‹PO bidh, po BƏDH yon›
(masculine noun)
1 baker
:_______________________________.
poced, pocedau ‹PO ked, po KE de› (masculine noun)
1 pocket
2 pocket
- as the place where one carries one's money
Mae mwy yn ei boced nag yn ei ben
He’s got more money than sense (“there’s more in his pocket than in his
head”)
byw ym mhoced rhywun live by sponging off others (“live in (the)
pocket (of) someone”)
3
lleidr pocedi pickpocket
pigwr pocedi pickpocket
:_______________________________.
poen, poenau ‹POIN, POI ne› (masculine noun)
1 pain
2
Roedd ei wyneb wedi ei ddirdynnu gan
boen His face was contorted with pain
3 Mae’n boen enaid imi ddweud hyn It grieves me to say this (“it is
pain (of) soul for me saying this”)
:_______________________________.
poeni ‹POI ni› (verb)
1 be worried
:_______________________________.
poenus ‹POI nis› (adjective)
1 painful
:_______________________________.
poeri ‹POI ri› (verb)
1 to spit
poeri ar
eich pilyn eich hun ‹poi-ri ar i bII-lin i hiin›
cut off your nose to spite your face (“spit on your own piece of clothing”)
:_______________________________.
poeriad ‹poir-yad› masculine noun
PLURAL poeriadau
‹poir-yAA-de›
1
spit = globule of spit, phlegm
poeriadau llysnafeddog slimy
globules of spit
2 spit
= act of spitting
3
(South Wales) bod yr un boerad â be
the spitting image of, be the spit and image of (“be the same spit as”)
Mae Gwilym yr un boerad â’i dad
Gwilym is the spitting image of his dad
Cf North Wales yn un ffunud â (“the
same form / shape as”)
Cf South Wales yr un sbit â (“the
same spit as”)
ETYMOLOGY: (South Wales) poerad (In
many words in the South the initial ‹y› of the final syllable is
lost)
:_______________________________.
poerwr ‹poi-rur› masculine noun
PLURAL poerwyr
‹poir-wir›
1
spitter, somebody who spits, somenbody who has spat
ETYMOLOGY: (poer- stem of poeri = to spit) + (-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
poeth ‹POITH› (adjective)
1 hot
2 (South Wales) purboeth burning hot
(pur = pure) + soft mutation + (poeth = hot)
3 pan oedd y taro boethaf
when the battle was at its height, at its most intense (“when the striking was
hottest”)
4 burnt
(in hill and field names, poeth
probably has the sense of 'having a thin soil so that the grass is easily
scorched by the sun')
..a/ Y Foel Boeth “the burnt hill”
(SH7834) mountain in Gwynedd (or the former county of Meirionnydd) (between
Trawsfynydd and Llanuwchllyn)
(SH8642) mountain in Gwynedd (or the former county of Meirionnydd) (north of Llyn
Celyn)
..b/ Dôl-boeth “the burnt meadow”
street name (spelt “Dolboeth”) in Llanrhystud (county of Ceredigion)
5 Tre-boeth (place name)
“burnt tręv”
(tref = ‘tręv’, farmstead) + soft
mutation + (poeth = burnt). The
exact meaning in uncertain. It could refer either to the tręv (because at some
period the buildings burned) or to the warm soil of the tręv
Cf the English place name Burnthouse
..1/ (SS6596) locality in the county of Abertawe (Gorllewin
Morgannwg)
Local form: Tre-booth (in South
Wales, oe ‹oi› in monosyllables regularly becomes a long ‘o’)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS6596
map
..2/ (SJ4165) Handbridge; district of Chester, England, south
of the River Dyfrdwy
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ4165
map
6 (place name) Pentre-poeth
(qv)
“pentre poeth” - a burnt area near the boundary of a township (Welsh Medieval
Society / T Jones Pierce / 1972 / p136)
(pentre / pentref village; formerly
‘edge of a tręv or township’) + (poeth
(older Welsh) = burnt; (modern Welsh) = hot)
7
chwilboeth (drink, food) burning
hot, piping hot
Roedd y te’n chwilboeth The tea was
burning hot
(chwil = reeling, turning, wild;
used as an intensifier before an adjective, meaning “extremely, very”) + soft
mutation + ( poeth = hot)
8 cochboeth red-hot (cooler than
yellow-hot and white-hot)
(coch = red) + soft mutation + ( poeth = hot)
9 melynboeth
yellow-hot, orange-hot (the stage intermediate between red-hot and white-hot in
heating metals) (melyn = yellow) +
soft mutation + ( poeth = hot)
:_______________________________.
poethder ‹POITH der› (masculine noun)
1 heat
:_______________________________.
poethfan
‹poith-van› masculine noun
PLURAL poethfannau
‹poith-va-ne›
1 hot place, parched place
Jeremeia 17:6 Canys efe a fydd fel y
grug yn y diffeithwch, ac ni węl pan ddęl daioni; eithr efe a gyfanhedda
boethfannau yn yr anialwch, mewn tir hallt ac anghyfanheddol
Jeremiah 17:6 For he shall be like the heath in the desert, and shall not see
when good cometh; but shall inhabit the parched places in the wilderness, in a
salt land and not inhabited.
ETYMOLOGY: (poeth = hot) + soft
mutation + (man = place)
:_______________________________.
poethlyn
‹poith-lin› m
1 (obsolete) alcohol; liquor; brandy which has been heated, hot
brandy
ETYMOLOGY: (poeth = hot) + soft
mutation + (llyn = liquid)
:_______________________________.
points ‹POINTS›
1 meeting, date
:_______________________________.
polan ‹po l-an› masculine noun
PLURAL polaniaid
‹po-lan-yed›
1 (Coregonus
autumnalis) pollan
ETYMOLOGY: English pollan < Irish
pollán (= Coregonus pollan) < (poll = lake) + (suffix -án)
:_______________________________.
polas ‹po-las› feminine
noun
1 filly See: eboles
:_______________________________.
poles ‹po-les› feminine
noun
1 filly See: eboles
:_______________________________.
poliad
‹pol-yad› masculine noun
1 (South-east Wales) polad
haircut
ETYMOLOGY: (pol- stem of polio to shave the head) + (-iad suffix for forming nouns)
NOTE: in the south-east, the ‹y›
at the beginning of a final syllable is usually lost poliad > polad
:_______________________________.
polio
‹pol-yo› verb
1 shave the head
ETYMOLOGY: (English poll = to shave
the head, < poll = head) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
polon ‹po-lon›
1 Southern form of polion (=
poles), plural of polyn (= pole)
NOTE: In the south, often the suffix -ion > -on (the initial ‹y› of the first syllable is generally lost in
South Wales). Hence polion > polon
In Gorseinon (county of Abertawe) there is a street called Rhydypolon
(“Rhyd y Polon”). This is possibly (not having looked at earlier forms of the
name) “(the) ford (of) the poles”
:_______________________________.
pôl piniwn
‹pool pin-yun› masculine noun
PLURAL polau
piniwn ‹pô-le
pin-yun›
1 opinion poll
gwneud pôl piniwn ar hela llwynogod
carry out an opinion poll on hunting foxes (“make an opinion poll on...)
ETYMOLOGY: pôl < English poll from a Low German word 1700-
‘counting of heads; person’s head’; piniwn
< opiniwn < English opinion; the expression pôl piniwn is a direct translation of
English opinion poll
:_______________________________.
polion ‹POL yon› (plural noun)
1 poles; see polyn
:_______________________________.
polîs ‹po LIIS› (masculine noun)
1 (colloquial) police
:_______________________________.
polyn, polion ‹PO lin, POL yon› (masculine noun)
1 pole
2 polyn
lamp, poliau lamp ‹po lin
LAMP, pol ye LAMP›
lamp post
NOTE: In the south, often the suffix -ion > -on (the initial ‹y› of the first syllable is generally lost in
South Wales). Hence polion > polon
In Gorseinon (county of Abertawe) there is a street called Rhydypolon
(“Rhyd y Polon”). This is possibly (not having looked at earlier forms of the
name) “(the) ford (of) the poles”
:_______________________________.
polyn lein
‹pô-lin lein›
masculine noun
PLURAL polion
lein ‹pol-yon
lein›
1 clothes pole, pole for the clothes line
fel polyn lein (North Wales) thin
(“like a clothes pole”)
ETYMOLOGY: (polyn = pole) + (lein = line)
:_______________________________.
pom ‹pom›
1 a form of pont (=
bridge) in some local pronunciations of place names.
The change n > m can occur before p, b, ff ‹f›, f ‹v›
(1) Y Bont-faen (county of Bro
Morgannwg) > Pom-ffään
(2) Pont-y-pridd (county of Rhondda
Cynon Taf) > Pom-pridd
(3) Also: pónt-bren > pompren (=
footbridge)
:_______________________________.
Pom-ffään
‹pom-fään›
1 local name of Y Bont-faen
(county of Bro Morgannwg) (ää as the
vowel in English ‘fair, blare, wear and tear’, etc)
:_______________________________.
pompran
‹pom-pran› feminine noun
North-west Wales
South-east Wales
y bompran the
footbridge
See: pompren
:_______________________________.
pompren ‹pom-pren› feminine noun
PLURAL pomprennau
‹pom-pre-ne›
1 footbridge, plank bridge over a stream or river.
y bompren the
footbridge
It occurs in minor place names.
As a first element in place names, see entries below (Pomprenffeirad,
Pompren-llwyd, etc) .
Example as a second element in place names:
...(a) Penypompren (the) end (of)
the footbridge; dwelling in the parish of Llangynfelyn, Ceredigion (Source:
Census for the year 1851)
2 footbridge = bridge over railway tracks linking platforms in a
railway station
Sign indicating the footbridge in Casnewydd railway station, south-east Wales,
noted 24.08.2002 “Via Footbridge / Ar
Hyd y Bompren”
3 gangway, gangplank = portable bridge on a quayside for entering or
leaving a ship
4 South-east Wales pompren yr ysgwydd collar bone,
clavicle (“bridge of the shoulder”)
ETYMOLOGY: “bridge-tree”, a tree trunk serving as a bridge
(pont = bridge) + soft mutation + (pren = tree) > pónt-bren > pónt-pren > pón’pren > pompren.
The change of n > m before p or b occurs in other
words in Welsh (Llanbedr > Llambed = church of Saint Peter) and in
other languages too - for example, in Latin which has given English impose (in), compose (con), etc)
Cf /t-b/ > /p/ in motbren, mopren (=
stick for stirring) < ymopren
< ymot-pren < ymot-bren (ymod = stir) + soft mutation + (pren = wood)
NOTE: Generally it is a feminine noun although the main element is in fact pren (= tree, tree trunk), which is a masculine noun. This is
probably due to the influence of pont
(a feminine noun), so that any type of bridge is considered feminine. In some
dialects it remains as a masculine noun (hence y pompren instead of y
bompren)
In the south-east and the north-west a final ‘e’ is becomes ‘a’, hence pompran
:_______________________________.
Pomprenffeirad
‹pom-pren fei-rad›
feminine noun
1 locality in Ysbytycynfyn SN7579, county of Ceredigion
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/515007 y bont / the bridge
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/514983
Marked (inexplicably, as this is a predominantly Welsh-speaking area) on English-language maps as “Parson’s Bridge”
ETYMOLOGY: “pompren yr offeiriad”
“(the) footbridge (of) the clergyman (priest, vicar, rector, parson, etc)”
NOTE:
colloquially offeriad > offeirad (southern Welsh form, with the
typical loss of the semiconsonant “i” at the head of the final syllable) > ’ffeirad
(with the loss of the pretonic syllable, a common feature of Welsh) > ’ff’irad
/ ffirad (the diphthong ei is
reduced to the half-long vowel i <ii> [iˑ]
:_______________________________.
Pompren-geifr
‹pom-pren gei-vir›
feminine noun
1 locality in Elerch, county of Ceredigion
ETYMOLOGY: “pompren y geifr” (the) footbridge (of) the goats
:_______________________________.
Pompren-llwyd
‹pom-pren lhuid›
feminine noun
Ordnance Survey map reference: SN9407
1 locality in the county of Rhondda Cynon Taf (South-east Wales),
2km north of Hirwaun.
Local form: Y Pompran
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN9407 map
ETYMOLOGY: “y pompren llwyd” the grey footbridge
NOTE: The bridge itself (if it still exists) would be Pompren Llwyd, and
the habitative name – the village that takes its name from it – would be Pompren-llwyd.
In general, habiaitive names are spelt as a single word.
:_______________________________.
Pom-pridd
‹pom-priidh›
1 local name of Pont-y-pridd
(county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
:_______________________________.
ponc ‹pongK› feminine noun
PLURAL ponciau ‹pongk-yai -e›
North Wales
1 hillock, mound
ponc tywod sand hill
3 bank in a stone or slate quarry
poncen chwarel quarry bank
Place names:
Boncan
Dinas (qv) low seaside cliff by Dinas Dinlleu
Pen-y-bonc (qv) locality in Amlwch, county of Ynys Môn (“(the) top /
(the) end (of) the bank”)
Ponc-y-fron (¨Ponc y Fron¨) street name, Llangefni (Ynys Môn)
Stry^t y Bonc (‘the street of the
bank’) street name in Rhosllannerchrugog (county of Wrecsam)
Y Ponciau (qv)
NOTE:
Guardian 23 January 2003: The distinctive dialect of the "Yam
Yams" spoken in towns like Wolverhampton, Sandwell, Tipton and Dudley… has
an entirely different verb "to be" which is conjugated "yam, you
am, they am"…and its own vocabulary such as…bonk (a small hill)…
:_______________________________.
poncan ‹pong-kan› feminine noun
PLURAL poncia ‹pongk-ya›
North-west Wales
1 hillock, mound; poncen,
plural ponciau
y boncan the hillock
ETYMOLOGY: poncan = poncen (in the North-west final-syllable a > e)
poncia = poncie = ponciau (standard Welsh final-syllable
au > e in the colloquial language;
the North-west final-syllable a
> e)
See poncen
:_______________________________.
poncen ‹pong-ken› feminine noun
PLURAL ponciau ‹pongk-ye›
North Wales
1
hillock, mound
poncen, poncie (North-east)
y boncen (North-east) the hillock
poncan, poncia (North-west)
y boncan (North-west) the hillock
Occurs also
in field names, such as Cae Boncan
cae’r boncen “(the) field (of) the mound” (cae = field) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (poncen = mound)
The cliff above the beach at Dinas Dinlleu (“Dinas Dinlla”) near Caernarfon is
known as Boncan Dinas
“Y Boncan
which is at Dinas”
ETYMOLOGY: (ponc = hillock) + (-en diminutive suffix). See ponc
NOTE: in the north-east, poncen; in
the north-west poncen > poncan
:_______________________________.
Y Ponciau ‹ə pong-kye›
1 locality in the county of Wrecsam
ETYMOLOGY: “the hillocks”, plural of ponc
(= hillock)
:_______________________________.
ponco, poncos ‹PONG ko, PONG kos› (masculine noun)
1 omelette
:_______________________________.
pond ‹pond› masculine noun
PLURAL pondydd
‹pon-didh›
1
pond
2
Erw’r Pond (“the acre of the pond”,
pond acre). Field name. According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw)
in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911): “ERW'R-POND An acre of land in the hamlet of
Ely (1719)”
Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / The University of Wales Dictionary gives the first
recorded use as 1850
3
Pond yr Oerfa (“(the) pond (of) the
cold place”) SN7279 name of a lake in the county of Ceredigion, 3km north of Pontarfynach
ETYMOLOGY: English pond < ponde (= pond, enclosure); related to pound < ‹puund› < late Old English pund
:_______________________________.
poni ‹POO ni› (interrogative adv)
1 (obsolete) not (used in asking a question in the negative)
Cofeb Gruffydd ab yr Ynad Coch, y Talwrn SH4877, Ynys Môn
Gruffydd
ab yr Ynad Coch / Brodor o’r ardal hon / Bardd Llywelyn ap Gruffydd / (Tywysog
Olaf Cymru) / “Poni welwch-chwi hynt y gwynt a’r glaw?”
Welsh-language memorial to Gruffydd ab yr Ynad Coch (son of the Red Judge, or red-headed judge), in Y Talwrn SH4877, Ynys Môn / Anglesey
Gruffydd ab yr Ynad Coch / A native of this district / Poet to Llywelyn ap Gruffydd / (the last prince of Wales) / “Do you not see the course of the wind and the rain?”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/409064
NOTE: Modern literary Welsh uses oni / onid where Middle Welsh had poni / ponid
:_______________________________.
pônio ‹POON yo› (verb)
1 to pawn
:_______________________________.
ponsiop ‹PON shop›
1 pawnshop (colloquial)
:_______________________________.
ponsyn ‹PON sin› (masculine noun)
1 (offensive) poofta, homosexual
:_______________________________.
pont, pontydd ‹PONT, PON tidh› (feminine noun)
1 bridge
y bont the bridge
pont gerrig stone bridge
2 Y Bontnewydd ‹ə
bont NEU idh› (feminine noun) Place name – the new bridge
3 Many place names have pont + rhyd... (the bridge by the ford…), where
a bridge has at some time been built alongside an existing ford
Pontrhydfendigaid pont y rhyd fendigaid “the bridge at Y Rhyd Fendigaid” (the blessed ford, the ford on the way to Abaty Ystrad Fflur / Strata Florida Abbey
Pont-rhyd-y-fen
“the bridge at y Rhyd y Fen” (the ford of the cart)
Pen-y-bont
Rhyd y Cleifion “the bridge at y Rhyd y Cleifion” (the ford of the lepers)
Pontrhydysaeson “the bridge at y Rhyd y Saeson” (the ford of the
Englishmen)
Pontrhydgaled pont y rhyd fendigaid “the bridge at Y Rhyd Galed” (the hard ford – probably
referring to the force of the water)
Pont-rhyd-y-cyff “the bridge at Rhyd y Cyff” (the ford of the tree trunks) (Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
Pont-rhyd-y-groes “the bridge at Rhyd y Groes” (the ford of the cross)
Pont-rhyd-y-fro “the bridge at Rhyd y Fro” (the ford of the [road to the] lowland)
4 Some bridge names have pont + ar... (“bridge on…”) + the name of the river, where the following prepositional phrase seems to act like a definite noun, as if the preposition were not present. For example, we might expect Pont Dyfi (“Dyfi Bridge”), but Y Bont ar Dyfi (“(the) bridge on (the river) Dyfi”), but what we in fact have is “Pont ar Ddyfi”.
Names such as Y Bontnewydd ar Wy are different, since “ar Wy” (“on the river Gwy/ Wye”) is here uses as a distinguishing tag to distinguish the place from others of the same name (Y Bont Newydd / Y Bontnewydd).
See the entries below: Pont ar Daf, Pontardawe, Pont ar Ddyfi, Pont ar Elan, Pontarfynach, Pontargothi, Pont ar Hydfer, Pont ar Ithon
If the elements are spelt separately, it is used aas a non-habitative name, and refers to the bridge itself (Pont r Elan, Pont ar Ithon); if the name is spelt as a single word, it indicates that it is a habitative name, and is the name of a house or village taken from the name of the bridge (Pontardawe, Pontarfynach, Pontargothi).
:_______________________________.
Pont ar Daf
‹pont ar DAAV›
feminine noun
1 SN9916 bridge 8km
nort of Y Nant-ddu, Brycheiniog, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=194795 map
ETYMOLOGY: (“bridge over (the river) Taf”) (pont = pont) + (ar = on)
+ soft mutation + (Taf = river name)
:_______________________________.
Pontardawe
‹pont ar dAU-e›
feminine noun
1 SN7204 town in the
county of Castell-nedd ac
Aberafan
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/133637 map
ETYMOLOGY: (“bridge over (the river) Tawe”)
(pont = pont) + (ar = on) + soft mutation + (Tawe = river name)
:_______________________________.
Pont ar Ddyfi
‹pont ar dhə-vi›
feminine noun
1 SH7401 bridge by the
town of Machynllaith (county of Powys)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH7401 map
ETYMOLOGY: (“bridge over (the river) Dyfi”) (pont = pont) + (ar = on)
+ soft mutation + (Dyfi = river
name)
:_______________________________.
Pont ar Elan
‹pont ar ę-lan›
1
(county of Powys) SN9071, 6km west of Rhaeadr-gwy. A bridge in Cwm Elan (the
Elan Valley), at the head of Cronlyn Craig yr Allt Goch (Craig yr Allt Goch
Reservoir) one of a series of reservoirs constructed to supply water to
Birmingham in England in the 1890s (In the book “The Vale of Nantgwilt: a
submerged valley...” by Richard Eustace Tickell (1894) there is a sketch of the
bridge by the author)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN9071 map
ETYMOLOGY: ("bridge over (the river) Elan") (pont = pont) + (ar = on)
+ (Elan = river name)
:_______________________________.
Pontarfynach
‹pont-ar-və-nakh›
feminine noun
1 SN7376 hamlet 16km east
of Aberystwyth
One of the bridges here is called “Pont y Gŵr Drwg” (“(the) bridge (of)
the bad man”, that is, devil's bridge, and this is the basis of the name which
the English give to the village “Devil's Bridge”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN7376 map
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/52020
ETYMOLOGY: (“the bridge over the Mynach river”) (pont = bridge) + (ar =
on, over) + soft mutation + (Mynach,
river name)
:_______________________________.
Pontargothi
‹pont-ar-GOO-thi›
feminine noun
1 SN5021 hamlet near
Nantgaredig, Ceredigion (spelt unusually Pont-ar-gothi on the Ordnance Survey map)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/21104 map
ETYMOLOGY: (“the bridge over the Cothi river”)
(pont = bridge) + (ar = on, over) + soft mutation + (Cothi, river name)
:_______________________________.
Pont ar Hydfer
‹pont ar HəD-ver›
feminine noun
1 SN8627 name of a
bridge near Trecastell, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/146286
ETYMOLOGY: (“the bridge over the Hydfer river”)
(pont = bridge) + (ar = on, over) + (Hydfer river name)
:_______________________________.
Pont ar Ithon
‹pont-ar-II-thon›
feminine noun
1 SO0257 name of a
bridge south of Y Bontnewydd ar Wysg
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=231692
ETYMOLOGY: (“the bridge over the Ithon river”)
(pont = bridge) + (ar = on, over) + (Ithon / Ieithon river name)
:_______________________________.
Pontcanna
‹pont ka na› feminine noun
1 ST1677 locality in
Caer-dydd; along with neighbouring Treganna, regarded as a middle-class
Welsh-speaking enclave or village within the city (although the proportion of
Welsh-speakers is probably much lower than 10%), since many Welsh-speakers who
have moved to the capital to work in education, the media, or administration
have settled in this area
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST1677 map
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) bridge (of) (the stream named) Canna”
(pont = bridge) + (Canna)
:_______________________________.
pont droi, pontydd troi ‹pont DROI, pon tidh TROI› (feminine noun)
1 swing bridge (“bridge (of) turning”)
:_______________________________.
pont gam
‹pont gam› feminine noun
1 humpback bridge = road bridge with a sharp incline and decline
2 Y Bont Gam name of the
bridge over the river Taf in central Pont-ty-pridd, South-east Wales (“the
humpback bridge”)
ETYMOLOGY: (pont = bridge) + soft
mutation + (cam = humpbacked)
:_______________________________.
pont garreg ‹pont ga-reg› feminine noun
PLURAL pontydd carreg ‹pon-tidh ka-reg›
1 stone-slab bridge, bridge
made from a single stone slab, broad flat thick piece of stone spanning a
stream
There is a photo of such a bridge in North Wales, over the stream called Nant
Cadair, in Gwynedd, at the website “28th January 2001 - Cadair Idris”
www.hmallett.co.uk/28012001.html
(link not working 2006-03-18)
ETYMOLOGY: (pont = bridge) +
soft mutation + (carreg = stone, slab of stone)
:_______________________________.
Pontgarreg ‹pont ga-reg› feminine
noun
1 (SN3354) village in the county Ceredigion 3k east of Llangrannog
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN3354 map
ETYMOLOGY: “stone-slab bridge”. See
preceding entry pont garreg
:_______________________________.
pont godi
‹pont gô-di› feminine noun
PLURAL pontydd
codi ‹pon-tidh
kô-di›
1 drawbridge
ETYMOLOGY: (pont = bridge) + soft
mutation + (codi = to raise, to lift
up)
:_______________________________.
pont grog, pontydd crog ‹pont GROOG, po tidh KROOG› (feminine
noun)
1 suspension bridge
:_______________________________.
Pont Hendre
‹pont hen-dre› feminine noun
1 locality in Dyffryn Camwy (Patagonia)
ETYMOLOGY: “Pont yr Hendre” (“(the) bridge (by) the Hendre”, the name of a
farm). Hendre in Wales is winter
farm / lowland farm / permanent homestead, usually with a counterpart in the
uplands for the summer months
:_______________________________.
Pontfadlen ‹pont VAD len› (feminine noun)
1 SM9414 Village by Hwlffordd / Haverfordwest in the county of
Penfro
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/925764
ETYMOLOGY:
“Magdalene's Bridge” (pont = bridge)
+ soft mutation + (Madlen = Magdalene). In English it is known as
“Merlin's Bridge”, an alteration of Magdalene’s Bridge (pronunced as Maudlin’s
Bridge). There is a Magdalene Street (“Maudlin Street”) here, which would be Heol
Madlen in Welsh
:_______________________________.
Pont-hir ‹pont HIIR›
1 ST3292 village in the south-west of the county of Torfaen, at its boundary
with the county of Casnewydd / Newport
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/398163
ETYMOLOGY: apparently “long bridge” (pont = bridge) + (hir =
long), though Y Bont Hir might have been expected if this is the case.
NOTE: In south-east Wales, the [h] is absent in the traditional dialect of
Welsh spoken here, so the local pronunciation would be Pont-’ir
This seems to be the pronunciation suggested in this entry in a burial
register:
Rosella? Hughes, Ponteer (died) 11 Jan 1838 (aged) 4 yrs
(Mentioned in Llantarnam Burials 1813-74) http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~monfamilies/llantarnbur1813-74.htm
:_______________________________.
Pont-llan-fraith ‹pont lhan VRAITH› (feminine noun)
1 ST1795 village, south east.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/838140 map
ETYMOLOGY:
Originally with llan, not llyn;
the name was Pont-llyn-fraith “the
bridge by the dappled pool” (a pool in the river)
:_______________________________.
Pont Pen-llyn ‹pont pen-HLIN › (feminine noun)
1 bridge SH5562 across Afon Rhythallt, at the point where it flows
into Llyn Padarn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/316877
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) bridge (at) (the hamlet called) Pen-llyn”
(pont = bridge) + (Pen-llyn)
Pen-llyn < pen y llyn “(the) end / head / top part (of) the
(lake)”
:_______________________________.
Pontrhydfendigaid ‹pont rhiid ven DI ged› (feminine noun)
1 SN7366 village, south-west.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN7366 map
ETYMOLOGY:
(the) bridge (of) (the) blessed ford
:_______________________________.
Pont-rhyd-y-cyff ‹pont rhiid ə KIIF›
(feminine noun)
1 SS8689 village in Cwm Llynfi, Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
(south-east Wales)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS8789
ETYMOLOGY:
(the) bridge (of) (the) ford (of) the tree stumps
:_______________________________.
Pont-rhyd-y-fen ‹pont-hriid-ə-ven›
1 SS7994 locality in Castell-nedd ac Aberafan
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS7994 map
ETYMOLOGY: “the bridge by the ford
called Rhyd y Fen” (pont = bridge). Rhyd y Fen is “(the) ford
(of) the cart” (rhyd = ford) + (y definite article) + soft
mutation + (ben = cart)
:_______________________________.
Pont-rhyd-yr-ynn ‹pont rhiid ə RIN›
(feminine noun)
1 village, in Cwmbrân, county of Torfaen
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST2997 map
ETYMOLOGY: (the) bridge (of) (the) ford (of) the ash trees
NOTE: Misspelt on English-language maps as Pontrhydyrun
:_______________________________.
Pont-sarn ‹pont SARN› (feminine noun)
1 SO0409 south-east
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/56296
ETYMOLOGY:
pont + y + sarn (the) bridge (of) the causeway / Roman road
:_______________________________.
Pontsenni ‹pont SE ni› (feminine noun)
1 Village in Brycheiniog, Powys, south-east Wales
Called Sennybridge by the English
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/450439
ETYMOLOGY:
(the) bridge (of) the river Senni
:_______________________________.
Pont-Siôn-Norton ‹pont shoon NOR tən›
1 Village in Pont-y-pridd, south-east Wales. The English name is
Norton Bridge, though it seems the Welsh name is now the usual name.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/122956 map
ETYMOLOGY:
“the bridge of Siôn Norton”
:_______________________________.
Pontsticill ‹pont-STI-kilh›
1 village in Merthyrtudful, SO0611
ETYMOLOGY: pont yr ysticill“(the) bridge (with) the stile
(pont =
bridge) + (y definite article) + (sticill = stile).
:_______________________________.
Pont Tal-y-bont ‹pont tal-ə-bont›
1 SH6841 bridge near Llan Ffestiniog, on the river Cynfal near where
it flows into Afon Dwyryd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/596784
map
2 place in Llantrisant (Rhondda Cynon Taf)
3 locality in the county of Gwynedd (near
Bangor)
English name: Gipsy Corner
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) bridge (at)
Tal-y-bont”.
Tal-y-bont = “end (of) the bridge”, place by the
entrance to the bridge
See following entry
:_______________________________.
Pont-tal-y-bont
‹pont-tal-ə-bont›
settlement name
1 house in the county of Bro Morgannwg, south of the manor of Meisgyn
(county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) bridge (by the house called) Tal-y-bont”).
This is from the name of the bridge Pont
Tal-y-bont.
In habitative names, according to Welsh spelling rules, the elements form a
single word. Thus Pont-tal-y-bont is
the name of the house by this bridge.
Tal-y-bont is ‘bridge end, house
situated at the entrance to the bridge’
(tâl = forehead; place facing) + (y = the) + soft mutation + (pont = bridge).
In this name we can suppose that
(1) a house at the bridge end was known as Tal-y-bont.
(2) The bridge lost its earlier name, whatever that might have been, and became
known as Pont Tal-y-bont
(“bridge-end bridge”), after the house next to it..
(3) This house, or another, then became known by the name of the bridge
:_______________________________.
Pont-ty-pridd
‹pon-tii-pridh›
feminine noun
1 See: Pont-y-pridd
:_______________________________.
Pontwilym ‹pont-wi-lim›
1
“Pontwillim Estate”, Aberhonddu (county of Powys) - this would be Stad Pontwilym in Welsh
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) bridge (of) William”) (pont
= bridge) + soft mutation + (Gwilym
= William)
:_______________________________.
Ponty
‹pon-ti› -
1 nickname for the town of Pont-ty-pridd (county of Rhondda Cynon
Taf)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English Ponty.
This is an English diminutive of the town's name (as in diminutives of personal
names in English, using the first syllable with the addition of the diminutive
suffix ‹i› –
Edward > Eddie, Jacqueline > Jacky, etc;
and some town names in England (Doncaster > Donny, Scunthorpe > Scunny)
and the USA (Philadelphia > Philly).
The traditional Welsh diminutive or short form of the name of this town is the
same as many other place names beginning with the element 'pont' - Y Bont = the bridge.
See also (1) Y Bont, (2) Pont-y-pridd
:_______________________________.
Pontypridd
‹pon-tə-pridh›
feminine noun
1 See: Pont-y-pridd
:_______________________________.
Pont-y-pridd
‹pon-tə-pridh›
feminine noun
ST0789
1 locality in the county of Rhondda Cynon Taf, south-east Wales
2
the parish of this place
3
electoral constituency for the Cynulliad (Welsh Assembly or parliament)
4
electoral constituency for the English parliament in London
5
the short name for the town traditionally is Y Bont = 'the bridge', as with many other places in Wales which
have pont as the first element in
the name
6
In recent years the name Ponty has
become popular in Welsh as the short form for this town, a name from English.
See the separate entry Ponty
7 Clic
y Bont (qv) (“(the) clique / crowd (of) the bridge / of Pont-y-pridd”) a
group of poets and musicians from the town and the surrounding area in the
second half of the 1800s
8
A colloquial form is Pom-pridd
(1) Pont-y-pridd > Pont-pridd (the loss of the linking
definite article is common in place names)
(2) Pont > Pon’
(3) before p, the n becomes m. Thus Pon-pridd > Pom-pridd
(south-eastern Welsh) Fuas i ariod
lawar gytta’r train, dim on diccyn o Gluttach i Bompridd (Ni’n Doi,
Glynfab, 1918)
Fuas i ariod lawar gyta’r train, dim
on’ dicyn o Glutach i Bom-pridd (south-eastern Welsh in tidier
spelling)
Ni fűm erioed lawer â’r tręn, dim ond
dipyn o Glydach i Bont-y-pridd (standard Welsh)
(translation) I hadn’t been much on the train, only a bit from Clydach to
Pont-y-pridd
ETYMOLOGY: Pont-y-pridd < Pont-ty-pridd < Pont-y-ty-pridd < (pont
= bridge) + (yr = the) + (ty = house) + (pridd = earth, clay). This is (“(the) bridge (of) the house (of)
earth”) The name refers to a house built with cob (clay and chopped straw) next
to an original wooden bridge at the site of the present humpbacked stone
structure
NOTE: The present form of the name in Welsh is Pontypridd ‹pon-tə-priidh›.
In the list of place names spellings recommended by the University of Wales
this form is given as an exception to the usual spelling of such names. Pont-y-pridd, with hyphenation, would
be expected in a name with a stressed final monosyllable.
It seems though that the name was Pont-ty-pridd
‹pont-tii-priidh›
in the 1800s, from Pont-y-ty-pridd,
with the omission of the definite article y
which is often found in names with this structure (main element + definite
article + qualifying element)
In John
Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911), there is in 1796
a reference to the bridge: "[the] common public Stone bridge commonly
called Pontypridd situate and being in the several parishes of Llanwonno and
Eglwysilan…"
Pont-y-pŵl ‹pon tə PUUL›
(feminine noun)
1 town, south-east (the) bridge (of) the pool (in the river)
:_______________________________.
pop <POP> [pɔp]
(masculine noun)
1 pop = sugared carbonated water
:_______________________________.
popeth <PO-peth> [ˡpɔpɛθ] (pronoun)
1
everything
2 pac popeth holdall = a
capacious bag “bag (for) everything” (pac
= pack, bag) + (popeth = everything)
3
Nid aur popeth melyn All that
glitters is not gold (“(it is) not gold everything yellow”)
4
dianc rhag popeth get away from it
all (“escape from everything”)
gadael popeth o’ch ôl get away from
it all (“leave everything behind you”)
5
rhwng popeth all in all i.e. when
summarising and drawing a conclusion (rhwng
= between ) + (popeth = everything)
6
o ystyried popeth / ac ystyried popeth / gan ystyried popeth all things
considered, considering the circumstances, in view of the situation
7
erbyn ystyried come to think of it
:_______________________________.
poplen
<PO-plen> [ˡpɔplɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL poplis /
poplys; popls <PO-plis,
PO-pəlz> [ˡpɔplɪs;ˡpɔpəlz]
(poplen is a variant of poblen, plural poblenni and pobls)
1
(in the county of Penfro and in the contiguous lower part of the county
Ceredigion, and also in the eastern part of Morgannwg) pebble
y boblen the pebble
2
popls surface paved with pebbles
Y Popls name of a lane in Tyddewi,
county of Penfro, leading down to the cathedral. The bilingual sign here
curiously has an English spelling for the Welsh name “Y Popples / The Pebbles”
ETYMOLOGY: from an English dialect
form popples = pebbles
:_______________________________.
poplysen, poplys <po-PLƏ-sen, PO-plis> [pɔˡpləsɛn,
ˡpɔplɪs] (feminine noun)
1 poplar tree
y boplysen the poplar tree
Rhes y Poplys street name in Aberystwyth, a translation of the English
name Poplar Row
poplysen ddu, poplys du / poplys duon black poplar (Populus nigra)
(native to Europe, southwest and central Asia, and northwest Africa)
planhigfa boblys, planhigféydd poplys poplar plantation
:_______________________________.
popty mícro-don, poptai mícro-don <POP-ti MI-kro-don, POP-tai MI-kro-don> [ˡpɔptɪ
ˡmɪkrɔdɔn, ˡpɔptaɪ
ˡmɪkrɔdɔn] (masculine noun)
1 micro-oven
:_______________________________.
porchell, perchyll <POR-khelh, PER-khilh> [ˡpɔrxɛɬ,
ˡpɛrxɪɬ] (masculine noun)
1 piglet
porchell diddwyn weaner, piglet in the period after weaning and up to ten weeks old
:_______________________________.
porcyn <POR-kin> [ˡpɔrkɪn] (adjective)
1 nude, naked, in the altogether, in your birthday suit
:_______________________________.
porfa, porféydd <POR-va, por-VEIDH> [ˡpɔrva,
pɔrˡvəɪđ] (feminine noun)
1 grass
y borfa the grass
2
pasture
cae porfa pasture
:_______________________________.
porffor <POR-for> [ˡpɔrfɔr] (masculine noun)
1 purple
porffor golau <POR-for GOO-lai, -le> [ˡpɔrfɔr
goˑlaɪ, -ɛ] light purple
2
helygen borffor (PLURAL helyg porffor)
(Salix daphnoides) violet willow
:_______________________________.
pori <POO-ri> [ˡpoˑrɪ] (verb)
1 to graze, to pasture
2
cae pori pasture (“field (of)
grazing”)
3
nid + bod yn pori yn un cae (“not +
be grazing in the same field”) be missing the point, be parking up the wrong
tree
Dwyt ti ddim yn pori yn yr un cae
You don’t get my point
:_______________________________.
pornograffaidd <por-no-GRAA-fedh> [pɔrnɔˡgrɑˑfɛđ] adjective
1 pornographic
ETYMOLOGY: pornograff- < pornógraffi (=
pornography) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
pornógraffi <por-NO-gra-fi> [pɔrˡnɔgrafɪ] masculine noun
1 pornography
ETYMOLOGY: English pornography <
Greek pornographos (= something
written by a whore) < pornę (=
whore) + (graphein = to write)
:_______________________________.
(1) porth,
porthau <PORTH,
POR-thai, -e> [pɔrθ, ˡpɔrθaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 port (modern Welsh prefers porthladd
for this meaning)
2
(place names) ferryboat place, ferrying place; landing beach, beach
y borth the ferrying place
Y Borth <ə BORTH> [ə
ˡbɔrθ] SN6089 Coastal
village in Ceredigion; originally a short form - historically the name was Porthwyddno / Porth Wyddno (“port /
landing beach (of) Gwyddno”, man’s name)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/689252 Y Borth
Y Borth Short name for Porthaethwy, on the island of Môn < Porthddaethwy
(“(the) ferry (of) the Daethwy tribe”)
4
llongborth (obsolete) harbour
'ship port' (llong = ship) + soft
mutation + (porth = port);
Llongborth According to Geiriadur yr
Acádemi, this is the Welsh name of Portsmouth, a town on the south coast of
England (though it is not in current use)
Cf the Irish word longfort (= camp,
fortress), occurring also as a place name with this meaning. Formerly it meant
“river port, place upriver accessible to seagoing vessels”. The corresponding
word in Manx is lhongphurt
:_______________________________.
(2) porth
‹porth› masculine noun
PLURAL pyrth
‹pirth›
1 entrance = large entrance
ym mhorth y stesiwn in the station
entrance
wrth enau porth y sínema at the
entrance to the cinema foyer
porth y fynwent churchyard gate,
churchyard entrance
...yn y tafarndy, yr hen Tyn-llan, sydd
wrth borth y fynwent
...in the tavern, the old Tyn-llan (“church farm”), which is at the churchyard
entrance
porth yr eglwys church porch
bod ym mhorth y fynwent have one
foot in the grave (“be in the cemetery gateway”)
2
Mae aml lwyth wedi troi yn y porth
Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched
(“many a load has rolled over at the (city) gate”)
2 (Bible) cyfyng yw’r porth
strait is the gate
Matthew 7:13 Ewch i mewn trwy’r porth
cyfyng: canys eang yw’r porth, a llydan yw’r ffordd sydd yn arwain i ddistryw;
a llawer yw’r rhai sydd yn myned i mewn trwyddi: (7:14) Oblegid cyfyng yw’r porth, a chul yw’r ffordd, sydd yn arwain i’r bywyd;
ac ychydig yw’r rhai sydd yn ei chael hi.
Matthew 7:13 Enter ye in at the strait gate: for wide is
the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there be
which go in thereat:
(7:14) Because strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, which leadeth unto
life, and few there be that find it.
3 gate = city gate, town gate, etc; castle gate
ceidwad porth plural ceidwaid pyrth gatekeeper
mynd trwy byrth y castell go through
the castle gates
porthdy gatehouse
porthor plural porthorion gatekeeper
Porth Senghennydd (formerly) a gate
in the now demolished city wall in Caer-dydd
“(the) gate (of) Senghennydd”
English name: North Gate
The road to the North went into the rest of Cibwr, the southern part of the lordship and former kántrev (cantref) of Senghennydd
(delw 7064)
Porth Meisgyn (formerly) a gate in the now demolished city wall in Caer-dydd
“(the) gate (of) Meisgyn”. English name: The West Gate.
Rice Merrick (A Booke of Glamorganshire Antiquities, 1578, refers to it as Miskin Gate).
The road to the west entered the lordship and former kúmmud (cwmwd) of Meisgyn
Porth y Llongau (formerly) a gate in the now demolished city wall in Caer-dydd
“(the) gate (of) the ships”. English name: The South Gate.
Leland in 1536 called it Portllongey
porth y dŵr the water gate
(city gate by a river)
Nehemeia 8:1 A'r holl bobl a ymgasglasant o un fryd i'r heol oedd o flaen porth
y dwfr, ac a ddywedasant wrth Esra yr ysgrifennydd, am ddwyn llyfr cyfraith
Moses, yr hon a orchmynasai yr ARGLWYDD i Israel.
Nehemiah 8:1 And all the people gathered themselves together as one man
into the street that was before the water gate; and they spake unto Ezra the
scribe to bring the book of the law of Moses, which the LORD had commanded to
Israel.
ty porth gatehouse
4 pass between hills
Y Porth town in Rhondda, at the
entrance to the two Rhondda valleys
5 tollborth
..1/ (motorway) pay booth;
..2/ (History) tollgate, tollhouse; pay booth on a turnpike road
(toll = toll, payment) + soft
mutation + (porth = gate)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh porth (masculine)
< porth (feminine) < British
< Latin porta (= door)
The change of gender is possibly from the influence of drws (masculine) (= door)
From the same British root: Breton porzh
(= town gate)
From the same Latin root: Manx purt
:_______________________________.
Porthaethwy <porth-EI-thui> [pɔrθˡəɪθʊɪ] (feminine noun)
1 SH5571 village, county of Môn.
Short form - Y Borth
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH5571
Pont y Borth Menai Bridge “(the) bridge (by) Y
Borth”
ETYMOLOGY: Porth Ddaethwy “ferrying place of the Daethwy people”
:_______________________________.
Porthamal <porth-A-mal> [pɔrθˡamal]
1 locality on the
island of Môn > Porthamael
:_______________________________.
Porthamael <porth-A-mail,
porth-A-mal> [pɔrθˡamaɪl, pɔrθˡamal]
1 locality SH5873 on the island of Môn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=331643 Plas-coch
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=330744 Plas Porthamel
Parry's
New Guide to Wales / Edward Parry / 1847:
“Plas-coch: this interesting house has
long been of importance. At the beginning of the twelfth century it was the
residence of Llywarch ab Bran { =
Brân}, Lord of Cwmmwd Menai... It was called
Porthamael till 1569 when Hugh Hughes, Esq, built the present house, which,
from the complexion of the stone, acquired the name of Plas Coch (Red Hall)”
A Topographical Dictionary of Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849:
Porthamel, or Porth-Aml, the only ferry between the Menai
suspension bridge and Carnarvon, is celebrated as the place where Suetonius
Paulinus, in the reign of the Emperor Nero, is thought to have crossed the
strait for the invasion of Mona. In this attempt he was opposed by the Druids,
who, having assembled an army of men and women arranged in all the mystic
terrors of their idolatrous superstition, and brandishing lighted torches, drew
up on the western shore to oppose his progress. But after spreading a momentary
panic through the Roman ranks, they were quickly repulsed by the rallying
troops, and many of them consigned to perish in their own sacrificial fires.
The sacred groves in which their rites were solemnized were cut down, and the
reign of Druidism, which had for ages been established in the Isle of Mona as
its principal seat, was finally destroyed. At a short distance from this place
is a field still called Maes Mawr Gâd, or "the plain of the great
army," supposed to have been occupied by the Roman forces under Julius
Agricola, in his successful expedition to regain possession of the island,
which Suetonius, by a general revolt of the British states in his rear, that
necessarily caused him to withdraw his forces, had been compelled to
relinquish.
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=47848#s2
:_______________________________.
porthfeistr, porthfeistri
<PORTH-veistr,
-veis-tir, porth-VEI-stri> [ˡpɔrθvəɪstr,
-vəɪstɪr, pɔrθˡvəɪstrɪ] (masculine noun)
1 harbourmaster
:_______________________________.
porthladd, porthladdau / porthladdoedd <PORTH-ladh, porth-LAA-dhai, dhe, -dhoidh,
-dhodh> [ˡpɔrθlađ, pɔrθˡlɑˑđaɪ,
-ɛ, -ɔɪđ, -ɔđ] (masculine noun)
1 port
:_______________________________.
Y Porth Mawr <ə porth MAUR> [ə pɔrθ ˡmaʊr]
2 SM7326 beach north-west of Ty^ddewi / Saint Davids (county of Penfro, south-west Wales)
Called “Whitesands Bay” by the English.
ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + (porth
= beach) + (mawr = big)
:_______________________________.
porthmon
<PORTH-mon> [ˡpɔrθmɔn] masculine noun
PLURAL porthmyn
<PORTH-min> [ˡpɔrθmɪn]
1 cattle-drover = man who drives cattle to a market
2
cattle dealer
porthmon moch North Wales pig dealer, pigman
3
rhwng y porthmon a'r moch let them
sort it out themselves, don't interfere in the dispute ('(leave it') between
the pigman and the pigs)
4
ffordd borthmyn drovers' road
5
obsolete porthmon sanau hosier, itinerant stocking knitter
ETYMOLOGY: adaptation of English portman
(= burgher, citizen)
(port = borough) + (man).
(1) port assimilated to Welsh porth (= port);
(2) If not from English portman > portmon > Welsh portmon >
porthmon
then in Welsh
*portman / *porthman the Welsh suffix mon has replaced man.
The suffix is from the English word mon,
a dialect of man (in Cheshire, where
a midland dialect of English is spoken, mon was in use)
:_______________________________.
porthor ‹POR-thor › masculine
noun
PLURAL porthorion
‹por-THOR-yon›
1 gatekeeper, porter
:_______________________________.
porthordy ‹ por-THOR-di› masculine
noun
PLURAL porthordy
‹por-THOR-dai›
1 gatehouse, porter’s lodge
Porthordy Parc Gwaunyterfyn Acton Park Lodge, Wrecsam
porthordy mynwent a cemetery lodge
porthordy’r fynwent the cemetery lodge
porthordy Nouaddwilym (“Noyadd Wilym”) the lodge of Nouaddwilym
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/447774
ETYMOLOGY: (porthor = gatehouse keeper) + soft mutation + (ty^ = house)
:_______________________________.
Porth y Cwrwgl ‹porth ə ku-ru-gəl›
1 Cove on the island of Môn. ‘(the) beach (of) the coracle’
English name: Freshwater Bay
ETYMOLOGY: (porth = beach) + (y
= definite article) + (cwrwgl = coracle)
:_______________________________.
Portiwgaleg ‹por tiu GA leg› (feminine noun)
1 Portuguese (= language)
y Bortiwgaleg the Portuguese
language
:_______________________________.
Pórtiwgal ‹POR tiu gal› (feminine noun)
1 Portugal
:_______________________________.
portread ‹por-trę-ad› masculine
noun
PLURAL portreadau
‹por-tre-AA-de›
1
portrait = visual likeness of a face (drawing, painting, photograph)
portread o Gwyn Thomas a portrait of
Gwyn Thomas
portread Gwyn Thomas a portrait
belonging to Gwyn Thomas, in the possession of Gwyn Thomas
2 portrait,
portrait in words; = verbal description of a person
Y mae yn y gyfrol hon bortreadau byw o gymeriadau megis Ifan Bach Tyn-lôn a Wil
Shinc
In this volume there are penetrating portraits of characters such as Ifan Bach
Tyn-lôn and Wil Shinc
ETYMOLOGY: portread < portreiad < (portrei- stem of portreio
= to portray) + (-ad suffix for
forming abstract nouns)
portreio < (portrei- < English to
portray) + (-o suffix for
forming verbs)
portray < Old French portraire < (= to depict) < Latin
prôtrahęre (= to drag out), suffix pro- + trahęre (= to drag)
:_______________________________.
Port Talbot ‹port TAL bot› (feminine noun)
1 See: Aberafan
:_______________________________.
posibiliad, posibiliadau ‹po si BIL yad, po si bil YA de› (masculine noun)
1 possibility
:_______________________________.
posibl ˇˇ(posib')ˇˇˇ ‹PO sib› (adjective)
1 possible
:_______________________________.
post ‹POST› (masculine noun)
1 post (mail, letters)
post awyr air mail
glynyn post awyr, PLURAL glynion post awyr air mail sticker
2
fan bost plural faniau post post van
3
swyddfa bost post office
is-swyddfa bost sub-post office,
branch post office
post bach (colloquial) sub-post office, branch post office
(“little post (office)”)
4
post (colloquial) post office.
y post (South Wales) / y pōst (North Wales) the post
office
Standard is llythyrdy or swyddfa bost
There are various street names with ‘post office’ which could be translated
with post (though they might have
other names which are used in Welsh)
..1/ Post Office Lane in
Dinbych (county of the same name), and also in Treharris (county of Methyrtudful)
– a translation of this would be Lôn y
Post
..2/ Post Office Row in
south-east Wales would be Rhestr y Post
(colloquially rester, restar) or Tai’r Post
...a/ Gwaelod-y-garth (county of Caer-dydd)
...b/ Tonypandy (Rhondda Cynon Taf)
...c/ Glangrwyne (Powys)
...d/ Cil-y-coed / Caldicot (county of Mynwy)
...e/ also “Post Office Terrace” in Pont-hir (county of Torfaen) > Rhestr y Post
..3/ “Post Office Terrace” in Trefnant (county of Dinbych) and in Pwllheli
(county of Gwynedd) would be Rhes y Pōst
or Tai’r Pōst
4 gatepost
post iet, pyst ieti (South-west)
gatepost
post hongad, pyst hongad
(South-east) gatepost (“post for hanging (a gate)”)
bod yn ddall bost be as blind as a
bat (“be gatepost blind, as blind as a gatepost”)
:_______________________________.
Y Post Brenhinol
‹ə
post bre-nhî-nol› masculine noun
1 The Royal Mail – the English postal system
Post Brenhinol / Talwyd y Post / DG
= Royal Mail / Postage Paid / UK.
Welsh inscription which follows the English inscription on the postal indicia
of metered stamps in Wales. DG is Y Deyrnas Gyfun (“The United Kingdom”),
the short name for the title of the English state.
ETYMOLOGY: “The Royal Mail” - literal translation of the English name ‘Royal
Mail’ (post = post, mail) + (brenhinol = royal)
:_______________________________.
postfeistr, postfeistri ‹POST vei stər, post
VEI stri› (masculine noun)
1 postmaster
:_______________________________.
postio ‹post-jo› verb
1
(verb with an object) post, mail
postio llythyr send a letter, post a
letter, (especially USA: mail a letter); = put a letter in a postbox or letter
box
2
post = take (a letter) to the post office or postbox
3
rhestr bostio mailing list
4
post = be transferred;
Mae Gwyn wedi ei bostio i'r Almaen
Gwyn has been posted to Germany
ETYMOLOGY: (post = post, mail) + (-io suffix for forming verbs), in
imitation of English to post (a letter)
NOTE: In South Wales the colloquial form is posto (the absence of the semi-vowel
[j] at the beginning of the final syllable is a general southern feature) ‹post-jo› > ‹poST-o›
:_______________________________.
postmon
<POST-mon> [ˡpɔstmɔn] masculine noun
PLURAL postmyn <POST-min> [ˡpɔstmɪn]
North Wales
1 postman
Deudodd y postmon nad oedd yr un llythyr
i ni
The postman said there weren't any letters for us
2
(epithet) the Postman
Dyfed Williams, neu Dyfed Postmon i
drigolion y fro
Dyfed Williams, or Dyfed the Postman (according) to the inhabitants of the
district
ETYMOLOGY: English postman, with the
dialectal form mon formerly in use
in midland and northern England
:_______________________________.
post-mortem
<post MOR-tem> [ˡpɔst
ˡmɔrtɛm] masculine noun
PLURAL post-mortemau
<post-mor-TE-mai,
-me> [ˡpɔst mɔrˡtɛmaɪ, -ɛ]
1 post mortem
Bydd post mortem yn cael ei gynnal gan y
crwner
A post mortem will be held by the Coroner
ETYMOLOGY: English post mortem <
Latin “after death”
:_______________________________.
postyn, postiau <PO-stin, -POST-yai, -ye> [ˡpɔstɪn,
ˡpɔstjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1 post
2
gwely pedwar postyn four-poster bed
3
postyn cychwyn (horse racing)
starting post (“post (of) starting”)
gadael (ceffyl) wrth y postyn cychwyn
(in a race): to leave (a horse) standing, rush ahead before the other horse has
even begun to move off
4
y postyn terfynol the winning post
:_______________________________.
pot, potiau <POT, POT-yai, -ye> [ˡpɔt,
ˡpɔtjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1 pot
:_______________________________.
potel
<PO-tel> [ˡpɔtɛl] feminine noun
PLURAL poteli
<po-TEE-li> [pɔˡteˑlɪ]
1 bottle
y botel = the bottle
agorydd poteli bottle opener
banc poteli bottle bank, place to
leave discarded glass objects for recycling
cwrw potel (‘beer (of) bottle’)
bottled beer
gwddf potel bottle neck (North: gwddw potel, South: gwddwg potel)
peth agor poteli bottle opener
potel gwrw, plural poteli cwrw beer bottle
rhesel boteli, plural rheseli poteli bottle rack
Ysgydwer y botel (instruction on
medicine bottle, etc) Shake the bottle
2
baby’s feeding bottle
bwydo o’r botel bottle-feed (rhoi’r fron breast-feed, give milk from
the breast)
magu ar laeth potel / magu ar botel bottle-feed (cf. bwydo ar y fron breast-feed, raise on
mother’s milk)
a fagwyd ar botel who was bottle-fed
3 bod ar y botel to be on
the bottle, to be addicted to alcohol
ETYMOLOGY: potel (= bottle) < y botel (= the bottle) (it was thought
that the radical consonant ‘b’ was in fact a soft mutation of ‘p’) < English
bottle < French bouteille (= bottle) < Latin butticula (butta = butt, cask) + (-cula
diminutive suffix); butta < Greek
boűtis
:_______________________________.
potel <PO-tel> [ˡpɔtɛl] feminine noun
PLURAL poteli
<po-TEE-li> [pɔˡteˑlɪ]
1 bundle (of straw)
y botel = the bundle of straw
potel o wair bundle of straw
ETYMOLOGY: Not connected with potel =
glass container.
potel (= bottle / bundle of straw)
< y botel (= the bottle / the
bundle of straw) (it was thought that the radical consonant ‘b’ was in fact a
soft mutation of ‘p’) < Middle English botel
(in Modern English bottle, a dialect
word) < French.
It is a word that was taken into French from Dutch bote (= bundle), to which was added the French diminutive ending –el.
Modern French botte (= bundle of
hay, bunch of carrots), boteller (=
to truss hay, tie up hay)
NOTE: The form with an initial b- (botel) occurs as a radical form in Welsh,
instead of potel
:_______________________________.
potelaid, poteleidiau <po-TEE-laid, -led, po-te-LEID-yai, -ye> [pɔˡteˑlaɪd,
-ɛd, pɔtɛˡləɪdjaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 bottleful (potelaid o gwrw =
a bottle of beer; potel gwrw = a
beer bottle)
y botelaid the bottleful
:_______________________________.
potel ddŵr poeth <po-tel dhuur POITH> [ˡpɔtɛl
ˡđuːr ˡpɔɪθ] (feminine
noun)
1 hot-water bottle
:_______________________________.
potes
<PO-tes> [ˡpɔtɛs] masculine noun
North Wales
1 soup
2
affairs, business, concerns (in phrases expressing meddling or interfering);
rhoi eich bys ym mhotes rhywun
stick one's nose into someone else's affairs (“put one's finger in the soup
(of) somebody”)
3
fel huddygl i botes without warning,
suddenly, unexpectedly; out of the clear blue sky (“like soot (falling from the
chimney) into the soup (i.e. in the cooking pot over the fire)”)
4
Fel y gwnei dy botes rhaid i ti ei fwyta You’ve made your bed and
you must lie on it (“as you make your soup you must eat it”)
5 ei gadael hi rhwng rhywun a’i botes
to let somebody stew in their own juice = to leave somebody to deal unaided
with the unfortunate consequences of their actions (“to leave it between
somebody and his pottage”)
Gad hi rhyngddo a’i botes Let him stew in his own juice
ETYMOLOGY: English pottage
< French potage = soup; that
which is cooked in a pot, contents of a pot
:_______________________________.
potes maip
<PO-tes MAIP> [ˡpɔtɛs
ˡmaɪp] masculine noun
North Wales
1 turnip soup
2
Esmwyth gwsg potes maip (it is)
untroubled (the) sleep (of) turnip soup
The meaning is that the poor who live on turnip soup do not have a troubled
conscience, but those who steal sheep or poach game to have a more varied diet
will live in fear of their thieving being discovered and having to suffer the
severe penalites for theft - even being hanged; it is better to live in poverty
but honestly than to thieve and be afraid of discovery
3
lol botes maip nonsense (“nonsense
(of) soup (of) turnips”)
:_______________________________.
pothell
<POO-thelh> [ˡpoˑθɛɬ] feminine noun
PLURAL pothellau,
pothelli <po-THEE-lhai,
-lhe, -lhi> [pɔˡθeˑɬaɪ, -ɛ, -ɪ] 1 (skin) blister, weal
y bothell the blister
2
blister of paint
ETYMOLOGY: pothell (radical B
mistaken for lenition of P) < bothell
< Latin *bottelus; as in Latin, pothell was originally a masculine noun
in Welsh, but as Welsh nouns with a final -ell
tend to be feminine, pothell was
eventually included within this group of feminine nouns
NOTE: there is a colloquial form polleth,
with metathasis of th-ll > ll-th
:_______________________________.
potio
<POT-yo> [ˡpɔtjɔ] verb
1 (verb without an object) drink (beer, etc)
Tair blynedd o botio fu ei gyfnod yn y
coleg
His time at college was three years of drinking
Potio ei hochr hi yr oedden nhw They
were drinking away, having as heavy drinking session, swilling it down (beer,
etc) drinking copiously, really knocking it back
Mae o'n potio drwy'r dydd He drinks
all day long
2
pot = put into pots
3
(snooker) pot a ball
ETYMOLOGY: (pot = pot) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
potsho
<po-CHO> [ˡpɔʧɔ] masculine
noun
1 poach = to cook in simmering water, milk, stock
ETYMOLOGY: (potsh-) + (-io suffix for forming verbs).
potsh- < English poach < French pocher (= “put in a bag”, from the fact that the yolks are held in
the white of the egg) < poche (=
pocket).
The French word poche is from
Germanic, and related to English poke
(= bag) (‘buy a pig in a poke’) < Old English pocca.
Modern French pocher (= to poach), oeuf poché (= poached egg).
:_______________________________.
potsiwr
<PO-chur> [ˡpɔʧʊr] masculine
noun
PLURAL potswyr (potshwyr) <POCH-wir> [ˡpɔʧwɪr]
1 poacher
ci potsiwr lurcher (“dog (of)
poacher”)
ETYMOLOGY: (pots(h)- <poch> [pɔʧ] stem of potsio = to poach) + (-i-wr
suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
powan <POU-an> [ˡpɔʊan] masculine noun
PLURAL powaniaid
<pou-AN-yaid, -yed> [pɔʊˡanjaɪd, -jɛd]
1 (Coregonus clupeoides) powan, a species of freshwater whitefish
found only in Llyn Llumonwy / Loch Lomond / Loch / Loch Laomainn in
Scotland. Freshwater whitefishes are part of the salmon family Salmonidae
2 (Coregonus lavaretus) powan =
common whitefish
ETYMOLOGY: English powan <
Lowlandic (Scotland) powan < pollan < Irish pollán (= Coregonus
pollan) < poll (= lake)
:_______________________________.
powdr, powdrau <POU-dwr, -POU-drai,
-dre> [ˡpɔʊdwr,
ˡpɔʊdraɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 powder
2 powdr burum <POU-dur-BI-rim> [ˡpɔʊdʊr
ˡbɪrɪm] yeast
powder
3 powdr cwstard <POU-dur KU-stard> [ˡpɔʊdʊr
ˡkʊstard] custard
powder
4 powdr cyrri <POU-dur KƏ-ri> [ˡpɔʊdʊr
ˡkərɪ] curry
powder
5 powdr golchi <POU-dwr GOL-khi> [ˡpɔʊdwr
ˡgɔlxɪ] washing
powder
:_______________________________.
powlen, powlenni <POU-len, pou-LE-ni> [ˡpɔʊlɛn,
pɔʊˡlɛnɪ] (feminine noun)
1 bowl
y bowlen the bowl
2 powlen salad <POU-len SAA-lad> [ˡpɔʊlɛn
ˡsɑˑlad] salad
bowl
:_______________________________.
powys
<POU-is> [ˡpɔʊɪs] masculine noun
1
(obsolete) rest
gorffwys to rest < gorphowys (gor- augmentative prefix) + spirant mutaiton + (powys = rest)
:_______________________________.
Powys
<POU-is> [ˡpɔʊɪs]
1 gwlad (= statelet) in the medieval period
Before the English invasion of Britain, until about 655 it included most of
present-day Shropshire in England
Powys Fadog the half of Powys
belonging to Madog (Madog ap Grufudd ap Madog ap Maredudd) a great-grandson of
Maredudd, with its centre at Dinas Brân (near Llangollen)
Powys Wenwynwyn the half of Powys
belonging to Gwenwynwyn (d.1216), (Gwenwynwyn ab Owain ap Gruffudd ap
Maredudd), also a great-grandson of Maredudd, with its centre at Y Trallwng
2
A county in east central Wales, formed in 1974 in the first reorganisation of
counties by amalgamating three severely depopulated counties on the border with
England (Sir Drefaldwyn, Sir Faesyfed and Sir Frycheiniog). It was retained as
a county after the second reorganisation in 1996. It is the largest county in
Wales, being a quarter of the area of the country 5 077km2 out of 20
768km2 , with only 3% of the population (approximately 100 000
residents out of some 3 000 000)
It roughly coincides with the area of the old kingdom of Powys
Sir Powys the county of Powys
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Powys < *poghwys < *pawghwys < British
< Latin pâgęs-es < pâgęns-es (= country dwellers) < pâgus (= village).
Cf Welsh pagan < English pagan < Church Latin pâgânus (= civilian, a person who is not
a soldier of Christ) < (country dweller, villager) < pâgus (= village)
The exact sense of Powys is possibly
“inhabitants of the open country”, since it is an area of
uplands bounded by mountains to the north, west and south; or it referred to
the lower-lying ground to the east (e.g. the Shropshire plain) which was lost
to Anglian English invaders
(delw 7091)
:_______________________________.
Powyseg <pou-I-seg> [pɔʊˡɪsɛg] (feminine noun, adjective)
1 the dialect of Powys
y Bowyseg the dialect of Powys
:_______________________________.
praff <PRAAF> [prɑːf] (adjective)
1 bod pen praffa’r ffon
gan... have the advantage, give the orders, have the last word (“have the
thickest end of the stick”)
Mae pen praffa’r ffon nawr gan y
masnachwyr a nhw sydd yn penderfynnu’r pris a gaiff y ffermwyr am y llaeth
The merchants now have the last word and they are the ones who decide the price
the farmers will get for their milk
:_______________________________.
praidd, preiddiau ‹PRAIDH, PREIDH ye› (masculine noun)
1 herd, flock
praidd o ddefaid a flock of sheep
praidd o
dri chant o ddefaid a flock of three hundred sheep
praidd o eifr a herd of goats
2 flock = worshippers in a church
:_______________________________.
prawf, profion ‹PRAUV, PROV yon› (masculine noun)
1 test
2
Mae’r eithriad yn brawf ar y rheol
The exception proves the rule (“the exception is a test on the rule”)
3
rhoi prawf ar allu rhywun put
somebody through his paces
(“put (a) test on (the) ability (of) somebody”)
4
maen prawf touchstone = siliceous
stone or kind of quartz, usually black, used
for testing alloys of gold and silver by rubbing them on the stone
and examining the colour of the streak left on the stone
5
trial
sefyll eich prawf am be tried for, stand trial for
6
cerdyn prawf test card - an image
broadcast by a television channel when the transmitter is active but there is
no programme being shown. It indicates what company is using the channel, and a
pattern on it serves for adjusting the TV set to obtain a correct setting.
:_______________________________.
pregeth, pregethau ‹PREE geth, pre GEE the› (feminine noun)
1 sermon
y bregeth the sermon
2 dilyn eich pregeth eich hun practise what you preach (“follow your
own sermon”)
:_______________________________.
pregethu ‹pre GEE thi› (verb)
1 to preach
:_______________________________.
pregethwr, pregethwyr ‹pre GEE thur, pre GETH wir› (masculine
noun)
1 preacher
:_______________________________.
Preiddiau Annwfn
‹preidh-ye a-nuvn›
1
poem in the Book of Taliesin which was written between 900-1000
ETYMOLOGY: "(the) spoils (of) Annwfn (‹= the
Otherworld)
(preiddiau, plural of praidd = booty) + (Annwfn = the Netherworld, the Otherworld)
:_______________________________.
preifat ‹PREI vat› (adjective)
1 private
2 menter breifat private
enterprise
:_______________________________.
pren, prennau ‹PREN, PRE ne› (masculine noun)
1 wood (material)
2
(South Wales) tree
prennau’r goedwig the trees in the wood
3
mefusbren (Arbutus unedo) strawberry
tree
(mefus = strawberries) + soft
mutation + (pren = tree)
4
stiff fel pren (“stiff like wood”)
5
brenhinbren “the tree which is king”
brenhinbren y goedwig king of the
forest, the tree which is king of the forest, the oak (“(the) king-tree (of)
the forest”)
6
methu gweld y coed gan brennau not
see the wood for the trees
7
pren helyg
(m) (prennau helyg) (Salix) willow
tree See: helygen
8 chwythbren woodwind instrument
chwyth-
stem of chwythu = to blow) + soft
mutation + ( pren = wood)
9 (attributive) wooden, made of wood
tegan pren wooden toy
10 (in denoting
something of little value)
eos bren (south-east) a terrible singer, somebody with no talent for
singing (“wooden nightingale”)
dimai bren ‹di-me-bren› [ˡdɪmai / ˡdɪmɛ ˡbrɛn] feminine noun
South Wales brass farthing = the
least amount ("wooden halfpenny")
Dyw e ddim yn hidio dimai bren am...
He doesn’t care a fig for (he doesn’t heed a wooden halfpenny for...)
seren bren something quite useless ("wooden star")
Dyw e ddim ond seren bren It's completely useless (“it is not but a
wooden star”)
(seren
= star) + soft mutation + (pren = wood)
11 ceubren ‹kei-bren› (m) PLURAL ceubrennau, ceubrenni ‹ kei- bre -ne, -ni›
hollow tree (ceu- < cau = hollow, empty) + soft mutation +
(pren = tree)
12 impyn o’r un pren ‹im-pin or iin pren›
South Wales
(said of someone who is from
the same family)
("a
shoot from the same tree")
(impyn = shoot) + (o’r from the)
+ (un = one; same) + (pren = tree)
:_______________________________.
prendrig
‹pren-drig› adjective
1 tree-dwelling
ETYMOLOGY: (pren = tree) + soft
mutation + (trig-, stem of trigo = to inhabit )
:_______________________________.
pren mesur, prennau mesur ‹pren ME sir, pre ne ME sir› (masculine
noun)
1 measuring stick, yardstick
2 yardstick, criterion of comparison
ETYMOLOGY: (“wood (of) measuring”) (pren
= [piece of] wood) + (mesur = measuring)
:_______________________________.
Y Pren-teg
‹pren-teeg› settlement
name
1 SH 5841 locality in
Gwynedd, 3km north-east of Porthmadog
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (if this is the original name, and not an adaptation of
some earlier name) ‘the fair tree’ (y
definite article) + (pren = tree) +
(teg = fair)
:_______________________________.
Pren-las ‹pren-LAAS › (but see note below)
1 Primlaws NO2401, near Town Yetholm, Scotland (south-west of Kelso)
(Prinlaws Road at the western end of Leslie; The Prinlaws – name of a public
house here)
(delw 7021)
1861 Parochial Directory for Fife and Kinross: Leslie parish. This parish,
containing the Burgh of Barony of its own name and the contiguous village of
Prinlaws, lies at the southern base of the Lomond Hills, between them and the
river Leven, which traces its southern boundary, dividing it from Kinglassie.
It is bounded on the east by the parish of Markinch, on the north by Falkland,
and on the west by Portmoak in Kinross-shire
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/480871
Leslie from the west
ETYMOLOGY: Early forms of Primside show that it is a Welsh (Cumbric) name.
The meaning “green tree” has been suggested
(pren =
tree) + soft mutation + (glas = green).
In modern Welsh, pren is a masculine noun; in Cumbric it seems to have
been a feminine noun.
NOTE: The name however seems somewhat odd, and does not correspond to naming patterns in Wales, Cornwall or Brittany (“pren” is not a usual element – the type of tree is always specified – oak, ash, birch, etc). Another suggestion is that it is in fact the word corresponding to Welsh bryn (= hill), and it would be “Bryn-las” in modern Welsh, although again the gender of the noun is at variance with that of the modern Welsh word.
:_______________________________.
Pren-wen ‹pren-WEN › (but see note below)
1 Primside NT8026, near Town Yetholm, Scotland (south-west of Kelso)
(delw 7020)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/91777
Primside Farm
ETYMOLOGY: Early forms of Primside show that it is a Welsh (Cumbric) name:
“white tree” (pren = tree) + soft mutation + (gwen. feminine form
of gwyn = white).
In modern Welsh, pren is a masculine noun; in Cumbric it seems to have
been a feminine noun.
NOTE: The name however seems somewhat odd, and does not correspond to naming patterns in Wales, Cornwall or Brittany (“pren” is not a usual element – the type of tree is always specified – oak, ash, birch, etc). Another suggestion is that it is in fact the word corresponding to Welsh bryn (= hill), and it would be “Bryn-wen” in modern Welsh, although again the gender of the noun is at variance with that of the modern Welsh word.
:_______________________________.
prentis
‹pren-tis› masculine noun
PLURAL prentisiaid
‹pren-ti-shed›
1 apprentice = person who is learning a trade having agreed to work
for a certain number of years for an employer while learning
2
a learner of any craft or skill (apprentice + noun);
prentis gyrrwr learner driver
prentis prydydd an apprentice poet
ETYMOLOGY: English prentice (in
standard modern English it has reverted to the full form apprentice) < Old French aprentis
< aprendre = to learn < Latin apprehendere = grasp, get hold of, <
ad + pre + hendere
The clipped form still occurs in English as a surname PRENTICE
Other English clipped forms are in use in Welsh. The clipped form in English
may no longer be in use in some cases, since the full form has replaced it
Another example is Welsh sterics, (English hysterics)
:_______________________________.
prepiwr
‹prep-yur› masculine noun
PLURAL prepwyr
‹prep-wir›
North Wales
1 chatterbox
:_______________________________.
preri
‹pre-ri› masculine noun
PLURAL preris
‹pre-ris›
1 prairie (in the midwest of the United States)
NOTE: Not recorded as yet (2004-04-23) in existing Welsh dictionaries; Geiriadur
Prifysgol Cymru / the University of Wales Dictionary does not include it.
Not included either in Geiriadur yr Acádemi (Welsh Academy English-Welsh
Dictionary), which has as the standard forms for “prairie” paith / peithdir / gwastatir
2 Preri
Bach (“little prairie”) Name of a location in Minnesota
“The late Humphrey Jones built his residence upon
the identical spot where his first cabin stood, and he and Thomas Y. Davis
loved to talk of the good old time when they first batched it together in
Judson, and many were the adventures they had to relate. Sunday, May 27 ‹1855›, the
two took a walk into the terra incognito further up the Minnesota river,
as far as the western edge of the present town of Cambria. There they
discovered the bottom land known as the "Little Prairie" (Prairie Bach), also
Cambria creek and the Little Cottonwood, and the long neck of upland prairie
between the two streams, where Horeb church now stands. This strip of prairie
from half a mile to a mile in width, wedged in between the two belts of timber,
was, they thought, the most beautiful spot they had ever seen. Large spreading
oak trees standing singly and in groups like lordly sentinels of the place,
clumps of hazel bushes and red-topped sumach,
{sumac, also sumach - any of several anacardiaceous shrubs or small trees of
the genus Rhus. Middle English < Medieval Latin < Arabic summâq.
Webster's Dictionary}
and small groves of the dainty poplar, were scattered over the prairie as if by
design, while the dovetailing of prairie and woodland and the deep indenturers
and recesses winding far into the forest like the avenues of a mighty
labyrinth, gave the appearance of a magnificent park.”
(History of the Welsh in Minnesota,
Foreston and Lime Springs, Iowa, gathered by the Old Settlers / Edited
by the Reverends Thomas E. Hughes and David Edwards, and Messrs. Hugh G.
Roberts and Thomas Hughes / 1895 / Page 31)
(((delw 0335)
Preri Bach
Saloon and Grill, Main Street, Cambria
Township, Minnesota, MN16073, (Ionawr
/ January 2004)
(I have come across another photo on the following website: http://www.cheloniadesign.com/Baby/photo_album/month_8/1/943_preri_bach.jpg
)
(2008-10-16
link no longer working)
:_______________________________.
pres ‹PREES› (masculine noun)
1 brass
Band Pres Porthaethwy Menai Bridge Brass Band
2
(slang) money; dosh, dough, bread
Sgenti bres? (A oes gennyt ti bres?) Have you got any money?
3
Coleg y Trwyn Pres Brasenose
College, University of Oxford (“(the) college (of) the nose (of) brass”)
:_______________________________.
Presbyteraidd
‹pres-bə-tę-redh›
adjective
1 Presbyterian = (church) with a Calvanistic interpretation of
Christianity and governed by presbyters or lay elders (that is, not by clerics)
y Coleg Presbyteraidd yng Nghaerfyrddin
the Presbyterina College in Caerfyrddin
2
eglwys Bresbyteraidd Presbyterian
church (building for worship)
Yr Eglwys Bresbyteraidd Gymraeg,
Melbourne, Awstralia
The Welsh (= Welsh-language) Presbyterian Church, Melbourne, Australia
3
Eglwys Bresbyteraidd Cymru The
Presbyterian Church of Wales
Name of a denomination;
also known by their old description of Y
Methodistiaid Calfinaidd the Calvinistic Methodists, or Yr Hen Gorff = the Old Organisation
(“the old body”)
ETYMOLOGY: (presbyter = presbyter) +
(-aidd suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
preseb
‹pre-seb› masculine noun
PLURAL presebau
‹pre-sę-be›
1 manger = trough for horses or cattle to eat from
2
(Bible) crib = manger in the stable of the inn at Bethlehem where the new-born
Jesus was placed
Luc 2:7 A hi a esgorodd ar ei mab
cyntaf-anedig, ac a'i rhwymodd ef mewn cadachau, ac a'i dododd ef yn y preseb;
am nad oedd iddynt le yn y llety
Luke 2:7 And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in
swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them
in the inn
3
fel ci yn y preseb (qv) like a dog
in the manger – said of someone in possession of something which he or she
doesn’t let another person have or use, though it is of no use to him or her.
The image is of a dog lying on the hay in a manger and so preventing hungry
cattle from eating it
4
Y Preseb Praesepe = a cluster of
hundreds of stars in the constellation Cancer, visible to the naked eye in the
form of a hazy patch of light
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin *presep-
< praesep- < praesaep-
From the same British root: Cornish preseb
(= manger, crib), Breton prezeb (=
manger, crib)
:_______________________________.
presennol ‹pre SE nol› (adjective)
1 present
:_______________________________.
preserfio
‹pre-serv-yo› verb
1 preserve = cook in sugar to prevent deterioration
ETYMOLOGY: (preserf- < English to preserve) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
Prestatyn ‹pre STA tin›
1 village in the north-east.SJ0682
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/724208
:_______________________________.
preswylfa
‹pre-suil-va› feminine noun
PLURAL preswylfaoedd,
preswylféydd ‹pre-suil-vAA-odh,
pre-suil-veidh›
1
dwelling, abode
y breswylfa the abode
2 Preswylfa chapel name
(e.g. Methodist chapel in Cyffordd Llandudno, county of Conwy)
Salmau 26:8 ARGLWYDD, hoffais drigfan dy
dŷ, a lle preswylfa dy ogoniant.
Psalms 26:8 LORD, I have loved the habitation of thy house, and the place where
thine honour dwelleth.
3 Preswylfa (house name)
= Home (possibly a favourite house name partly as a result of its use in the
Bible for a ‘house of God’ as in the previous quotation).
4
street name (Preswylfa, Llanberis)
Also as a component in street names:
Heol Preswylfa, Caer-dydd
Cwrt Preswylfa, Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr,
South-east Wales
5 Preswylfa wrongly cited
as an explanation of Preseli, name
of an upland in the county of Penfro.
(Lewis' Topographical Dictionary of Wales
(1833):
“Part of the Precelly mountain, which is the highest in South Wales, is within
its limits: the ancient Welsh name of this mountain is Preswylva, signifying “a
place of residence,” and is derived from its having been the resort of the
natives, as a place of security, in the intestine wars by which this part of
the principality was agitated during the earlier periods of its history.”)
This upland name is in fact Prys Selyf (woodland
of Selyf) (Selyf = Welsh form of
Solomon)
ETYMOLOGY: (preswyl, stem of the
verb preswyl = to reside) + (-fa = place)
:_______________________________.
Preswylva ‹pre-suil-va›
1 poor spelling for Preswylfa, with
English "v" ‹v›
instead of Welsh "f" ‹v›
(though see the entry for the letter v
for the attempt to promote this letter in Welsh in the nineteenth century) .
Sometimes spelt this way as a house names in the nineteenth-century.
This is the spelling found in "A Topographical Dictionary of Wales" (1833) (Samuel Lewis)
"Part of the Precelly mountain,
which is the highest in South Wales, is within its limits: the ancient Welsh
name of this mountain is Preswylva, signifying "a place of
residence," and is derived from its having been the resort of the natives,
as a place of security, in the intestine wars by which this part of the
principality was agitated during the earlier periods of its history."
(See the entry Preswylfa for the correct derivation of the name!)
:_______________________________.
preswylydd, preswylwyr ‹pre-SUI-lidh, pre-SUIL-wir› (m)
1 inhabitant, dweller
preswylydd ogof cave dweller; plural preswylwyr ogof (if living in one cave) , preswylydd ogofâu (if living in caves in general)
:_______________________________.
PRETONIC SYLLABLE
The loss of the pretonic syllable in Welsh is a very common feature
Some examples:
Afon Naddawan > Afon Ddawan (In English, River Thaw, taken from the
clipped version of the name)
The loss of the linking definite article when it is a pretonic syllable also
occurs; this is especially noticeable in place names
Pen-y-bont > Pen-bont
“Pem-bont” (“bridge end”)
Pen-y-cae > Pen-cae
(“field end / side / edge”)
Glanyrafon > Glanrafon
(“river side”)
:_______________________________.
prff.
1 abbreviation = perffaith (perfect tense)
:_______________________________.
pric ‹prik› masculine noun
PLURAL priciau
‹prik-ye›
1 stick
2
ox goad
3
priciau cynnau tân kindling,
firewood
4
stirring stick, stick for stirring
pric troi uwd porridge stirrer,
stick for stirring porridge
In the magazine Llafar Gwlad, number 73, Haf (summer) 2001 an article by Bobi
Owen on nicknames in Dinbych (‘Denbigh’ in English) mentions Dic Pric Troi Uwd (“Dic of the porridge
stick”), and states ‘enw sydd yn ein hatgoffa am yr arfer ers talwm o roi’r
plentyn ieuengaf yn y teulu i eistedd wrth y lle tân i droi’r uwd yn y crochan
rhag iddo geulo’ (a name which reminds us of the practice in the past of
sitting the youngest child in the family to sit by the fireplace and stir the
porridge in the cooking pot to stop it from congealing / going lumpy)
6
(South Wales) penis
Also as a disparaging expression for a person: prick
’En bric yw a (Hen bric yw ef) He’s
a prick
7
(North-east Wales) pric clust
earache
8
(North-east Wales) pric pwdin
..1/ stick placed across the mouth of a cooking pot from which a
pudding in a pudding cloth is suspended for boiling
..2/ laughing stock, object of derision,
..3/ stooge, person manipulated or used by another
9
(South-east Wales) shooting pain, sudden pain
10
pric cwyr taper = thin candle
11
pric edafedd yarn stick = stick used
in making yarn from strands of fibre
Mae ganddo goesau fel priciau ’dafedd
(said of someone with very thin legs) He’s got legs like spindles (literally
“like yarn sticks”)
12 pric coctel cocktail
stick
ETYMOLOGY: English prick (= ox-goad,
pointed stick) < Old English prica (= point); there are similar words
in Dutch and the Scandinavian languages
:_______________________________.
prid ‹PRIID› (adjective)
1 (South) expensive. Literary equivalent: drud ‹driid›
:_______________________________.
pridd ‹PRIIDH› (masculine noun)
1 earth
2 Mae e dan ddwylath o bridd
He’s dead and buried, He’s six foot under, He’s pushing up the daisies (“he’s
under two yards of earth”)
3
uwchbridd topsoil
uwch bridd (uwch = highest, top) + soft mutation + (pridd = earth, soil)
4 cob = a mixture of earth / clay and straw (for tensile strength) to make
blocks for building walls; other additional ingredients are sand / cow dung or
horse dung / horsehair / sheep’s wool
tŷ pridd a house build of blocks of cob
Occurs in the place name Pont-y-tŷ-pridd (“(the) bridge (by) the
cob house”), shortened in the mid 1800s to the rather meaningless Pont-y-pridd
(“(the) bridge (of) the cob / (of) the soil”),
:_______________________________.
priddlestr
‹pridh-lestr› masculine noun
PLURAL priddlestri
‹piridh-le-stri›
1 earthernware pot, piece of pottery )
ETYMOLOGY: pridd lestr (pridd = earth ) + soft mutation + (llestr = vessel )
:_______________________________.
priddbwll
‹pridh-bulh› masculine noun
PLURAL priddbyllau
‹pridh-bə-lhe›
1
clay pit
2
Priddbwll house name, Abergwyngregyn
SH 6572 (county of Conwy), mentioned in the 1851 Census
ETYMOLOGY: pridd bwll (pridd = earth, clay) + soft mutation +
( pwll = hole, pit)
:_______________________________.
prif ‹PRIIV› (adjective)
1 principal
2
(foremost in rank)
Prif Lyngesydd Admiral of the Fleet,
naval equivalent of an army general or field marshal
:_______________________________.
prifardd ‹pri-vardh› masculine noun
PLURAL prifeirdd
‹pri-veirdh›
1 chief poet, winner of the chair for the 'awdl' (strict-metre poem)
at the national eisteddfod
2
also as a title for the writer of the winning 'awdl'
y
Prifardd D. Lloyd Jenkins the principal poet D. Lloyd Jenkins
ETYMOLOGY: prifardd < príf-fardd
prif fardd
(prif = main, chief) + soft mutation + (bardd = poet)
:_______________________________.
prifathrawes, prifathrawesau ‹pri va THRAU es, pri va thrau E se›
(feminine noun)
1 school director (Englandic: headmistress)
y brifathrawes the headmistress
:_______________________________.
prifathro, prifathrawon ‹pri VA thro, pri va THRAU on› (masculine
noun)
1 school director (Englandic: headmaster)
:_______________________________.
prifddinas
‹priiv-dhî-nas› feminine noun
PLURAL prifddinasoedd
‹priiv-dhi-na-sodh›
1 capital city
y brifddinas the capital city
Caer-dydd prifddinas Cymru Caer-dydd,
capital of Wales
Y Brifddinas the Capital (= Caer-dydd)
mewn gwahanol fannau o'r Brifddinas a'r
cylch
in different parts of the capital city and its environs
2
yn y brifddinas
(1) in the capital
(2) in the context of Wales, = in Caer-dydd (the city was proclaimed the
capital in 1955)
(3) formerly, in the context of Wales, = in the capital of the English state,
in London
Mae
yn y brif-ddinas lawer o gannoedd o Gymry (Seren Gomer, 1835) There are in the
capital (= London) many hundreds of Welsh people
3
capital = main centre of some activity
Bob blwyddyn y mae pentref bychan
Tregaron yn brifddinas rasus trotian y byd
Every year the little village of Tregaron is the world capital of trotting
races
ETYMOLOGY: prif ddinas (prif = main) + soft mutation + (dinas = city)
:_______________________________.
priffordd, priffyrdd ‹PRI fordh, PRI fyrdh›
(feminine noun)
1 main road
y briffordd the main road
:_______________________________.
prif gwnstabl, prif gwnstablau ‹priiv GUN sta bəl, priiv
gun STA ble› (masculine noun)
1 chief constable, head of a police force
:_______________________________.
prifio ‹PRIV yo› (verb)
1 grow
2 prifio’n ddyn grow up to be a man, become a man
:_______________________________.
priflythyren, priflythrennau ‹priv lə THƏ
ren, priv lə THRE ne› (feminine noun)
1 capital letter
y briflythyren the capital letter
:_______________________________.
prifswm, prifsymiau ‹PRIV sum, priv SƏM ye›
(masculine noun)
1 capital
:_______________________________.
prifwyl ‹priv-uil› feminine noun
1 y Brifwyl the national
eisteddfod
yn y Brifwyl ddilynol in the
following eisteddfod, in the eisteddfod after that
ETYMOLOGY: prif wyl (prif = main) + soft mutation + (gwyl = festival)
:_______________________________.
prifwythiennol ‹priv-wř-thi-E-nol› adj
1 arterial
strydoedd
prifwythiennol o amgylch Parc y Rhath
arterial roads around Roath Park
ETYMOLOGY: prifwythienn-, penult form of prifwythďen (= artery) + (-i-ol = adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
prifysgol, prifysgolion ‹pri VƏ skol,
pri və SKOL yon› (feminine noun)
1 university
y brifysgol the university
:_______________________________.
prěn ‹PRIN› (adjective)
1 scarce
2
mynd yn brin ar (rywun) am (rywbeth)
run short of something (“become scarce on somebody around / for something”)
bod yn brin (o rywbeth) ar (rywun) be
running short of something (“be scarce of something on somebody”)
Mae hi’n brěn o de arno’ ni We’re running out of tea
3 Prěn chwedl, llawn chwedl No
news is good news (“scarce report, full report”)
4 un o’r bobl brin hynny sydd...
one of the few people who...
5
gydag eithriadau prin with few
exceptions
6
gorau po brinnaf the least the
better
Gorau po brinnaf cyfeirio at y pethau
hyn The least said about these things the better (“the least the better
referring to these things”
7
mor brin â chachu ceffyl pren (said
of something scarce) “as scarce as the shit of a wooden horse”
:_______________________________.
prěn ddigon
‹prin dhî-gon›
1
Does gen i ond prin ddigon
I’ve only just got enough, I’ve none to spare
2 prin ddigon i scarcely enough to...
cyflog prin ddigon i fyw arno
a wage scarcely enough to live on, a subsistence wage
ETYMOLOGY: (prin = scarcely) + soft
mutation + (digon = enough,
sufficient)
:_______________________________.
prinder ‹PRIN der› (masculine noun)
1 scarcity
:_______________________________.
prěn eich
Saesneg ‹prin
əkh Səs-neg›
adjective
1 who doesn't speak much English, who didn't speak much English
(“scarce one's English”)
Aeth dyn prin ei Saesneg i ymweld â'r
meddyg...
A man who didn't speak much English went to the doctor's... (“to visit the
doctor”)
:_______________________________.
printiedig ‹print YEE dig› (adjective)
1 printed
:_______________________________.
printio ‹PRINT yo› (verb)
1 to print
:_______________________________.
printiwr
‹print-yur› masculine
noun
PLURAL printwyr
‹print-wir›
1 (computer) printer = machine for printing documents
ETYMOLOGY: (print- = stem of printio = to print) + (-i-wr suffix for indicating a device or
an agent; literally = man)
:_______________________________.
prěn un o
‹prin iin oo›
pronoun
1 scarcely a single one of...
prin un ohonyn nhw scarcely a single
one of them
ETYMOLOGY: (prin = scarcely) + (un = one) + (o = of)
:_______________________________.
priod ‹PRII od› (adjective)
1 married
2
gwraig briod, gwragedd priod ‹gwraig
BRI od, gwra gedh PRI od› (feminine noun)
married woman
3
gŵr priod, gwyr priod ‹guur
PRI od, gwiir PRI od› (masculine noun)
married man
:_______________________________.
priod ‹PRII od› (m)
1 spouse; husband or wife
O! ’m bachgen glwys a’m priod llon,
Oh, my pretty boy and my cheerful wife
p. 29, Siencyn Ddwywaith, 1872
:_______________________________.
priodas, priodasau ‹priO das, pri o DA se› (feminine noun)
1 marriage
y briodas the marriage
2
priodas orfod PLURAL priodasau gorfod shotgun wedding
(“wedding of obligation”)
3
modrwy briodas PLURAL modrwyau priodas wedding ring
4
anrheg briodas PLURAL anrhegion priodas wedding present
5 gwledd briodas wedding feast
cynnal gwledd briodas hold a wedding
feast
cael gwledd briodas have a wedding
feast
:_______________________________.
priodas fantais
‹pri-OO-das van-tes›
PLURAL priodasau
mantais ‹pri-o-da
–se man-tes›
1 marriage of convenience
ETYMOLOGY: (priodas = marriage) + soft mutation + (mantais = advantage)
:_______________________________.
priodfab, priodfeibion ‹pri OD vab, priod VEIB yon› (masculine
noun)
1 (wedding) bridegroom
:_______________________________.
priodferch, priodferched ‹pri OD verkh, priod VER khed› (feminine
noun)
1 (wedding) bride
y briodferch the bride
:_______________________________.
priodi ‹pri O di› (verb)
1 to marry; to get married
2 priodi am yr eildro /
priodi’r eildro get married for the second time
:_______________________________.
priodol ‹pri O dol› (adjective)
1 appropriate
:_______________________________.
prion, p'rion
‹priI-on› adjective
1 South Wales fine, all
right; reduced form of purion
:_______________________________.
priordy, priordai ‹pri OR di, pri OR dai› (masculine noun)
1 priory
:_______________________________.
pris, prisiau ‹PRIIS, PRIS ye› (masculine noun)
1 price
2
am brisiau is o lawer at greatly
reduced prices, at much reduced prices (“for prices lower by-a-great-extent”)
3
gosod pris i rywun am rywbeth quote
a price for something (“set a price to someone for something”)
:_______________________________.
Prisiart
‹pri-shart›
1 patronymic – son of Rhisiart
2 surname (anglicised form: Prichard, Pritchard)
:_______________________________.
pro ‹proo› preposition
1 pro, in favor / favour of
pro-Seisnig pro-English
pro-Gymréig pro-Welsh
ETYMOLOGY: English pro < Latin pro
:_______________________________.
problem, problemau ‹PRO blem, pro BLE me› (feminine noun)
1 problem
y broblem the problem
:_______________________________.
procer, procerau ‹PRO ker, pro KĘ re› (masculine noun)
1 poker
2 stiff fel procer (eg
the back after lifting heavy oblects) (as) stiff as a poker (“stiff like (a)
poker”)
:_______________________________.
proffes, proffesau <PRO-fes,
pro-FE-sai, -e> [ˡprɔfɛs,
prɔˡfɛsaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1
profession of faith, religious faith
2 tor
proffes apostasy (“breach of religious faith”)
:_______________________________.
proffesiwn, proffesiynau <pro-FE-shun,
pro-fe-SHƏ-nai, -e> [prɔˡfɛʃʊn,
prɔfɛˡʃənaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 profession
:_______________________________.
proffwyd, proffwydi <PROO-fuid,
pro-FUI-di> [ˡproˑfʊɪd,
prɔˡfʊɪdɪ] (masculine
noun)
1 prophet
Sant
Marc 6:4 Ond yr Iesu a ddywedodd wrthynt, Nid yw proffwyd yn ddibris ond yn
ei wlad ei hun, ac ymhlith ei genedl ei hun, ac yn ei dŷ ei hun.
Saint
Mark 6:4 But Jesus said unto them, A prophet is not without honour, but
in his own country, and among his own kin, and in his own house.
:_______________________________.
proffwydol <pro-FUI-dol> [prɔˡfʊɪdɔl] adjective
1
prophetic = foretelling, giving a prediction
2 prophetic = relating to a prophet, or to prophecy
ETYMOLOGY: (proffwyd = prophet) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
proffwydoliaeth <prof-ui-DOL-yaith, -yeth> [prɔfʊɪˡdɔljaɪθ,
-ɛθ] feminine noun
PLURAL proffwydoliaethau
<prof-ui-dol-YEI-thai, -e> [prɔfʊɪdɔlˡjəɪθaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
prophecy
2
Drych Proffwydoliaeth: Neu Wiredd,
Dyben, A Deongliad Proffwydoliaethau Yr Ysgrythyrau Sanctaidd (Year of
publication: ?) by the Reverend John Hughes, Liverpool (1850-1932). “A mirror of prophecy: or the truth, purpose and
interpretation of the miracles of the Holy Scriptures”.
ETYMOLOGY:
(proffwydol = prophetic) + (-i-aeth suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
profi <PROO-vi> [ˡproˑvɪ] (verb)
1 test, try
2 prove to be
profi yn llond yr enw / profi'n llond yr enw turn out to be
exactly as the name suggests
Yn y flwyddyn 1797, yn mhen dwy flynedd wedi ei urddiad, efe a
gymerodd Mary Brees y Coed, yn ymgeledd cymwys iddo ei hun, yr hon yn ol iaith
traddodiad a brofodd yn llon’d yr enw.
In the year 1797, two years
after his ordination, he took Mary Brees from Y Coed as a wife (“suitable
help”), who, according to tradition, turn out to be exactly as the name
suggests.
NOTE ON ymgeledd cymwys (= helpmate;
helpful wife or husband, literally ‘‘suitable help’)
Genesis 18:20
Hefyd yr Arglwydd Dduw a ddywedodd, Nid
da bod y dyn
ei hunan; gwnaf iddo ymgeledd cymwys iddo...
(18:20) Ac Adda a enwodd enwau ar yr
holl anifeiliaid, ac
ar ehediad y nefoedd ac ar holl fwystfilod y maes;
ond ni chafodd efe i Adda ymgeledd cymwys iddo
Genesis 18:20 And the Lord God said, It is not good that the
man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him...
(18:20) And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air,
and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not
found an help meet for him
3
haeru cyn profi (“assert before
proving”) to beg the question / to beggar the question, "beg the question, in the logical
sense", give a circular argument = assume that something not yet
put to the test is already proved. The English expression “begging the question” was originally
“beggaring the question” as in “leaving it lacking something, leaving it in
need of something”, rather as if you have made it into a beggar who is asking
you for money or food.
Wikipedia 2008-09-20
Fallacy of Petitio Principii. The Latin term was incorporated into
English in the sixteenth century. The Latin version, Petitio Principii
(from peto, petere, petivi, petitus: attack, aim at, desire, beg,
entreat, ask (for), reach towards, make for; principii: genitive of principium:
beginning or principle), literally means "begging or taking for granted of
the beginning or of a principle." That is, the premise (the principle, the
beginning) depends on the truth of the very matter in question. The Latin
phrase comes from the Greek en archei aiteisthai in Aristotle’s Prior
Analytics II xvi:
Begging or assuming the point at issue consists (to take the expression in its
widest sense) in failing to demonstrate the required proposition. But there are
several other ways in which this may happen; for example, if the argument has
not taken syllogistic form at all […]. If, however, the relation of B to C is
such that they are identical, or that they are clearly convertible, or that one
applies to the other, then he is begging the point at issue.
:_______________________________.
profiad, profiadau <PROV-yad, prov-YAA-dai, -e> [ˡprɔvjad,
prɔvˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 experience
dibrofiad inexperienced
:_______________________________.
profion <PROV-yon> [ˡprɔvjɔn] (plural noun)
1 tests; see prawf
:_______________________________.
pro-Gymréig
<proo-gəm-REIG> [proˑ gəmˡrəɪg] adjective
1 pro-Welsh
Cf gwrth-Gymréig anti-Welsh
ETYMOLOGY: (pro = pro) + soft
mutation + (Cymréig = Welsh)
:_______________________________.
prom <PROM> [prɔm] (masculine noun)
1 = promenâd
:_______________________________.
promenâd, promenadau <pro-me-NAAD, pro-me-NAA-dai, -de> [prɔmɛˡnɑːd,
prɔmɛˡnɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1 promenade = seaside walk
:_______________________________.
pro-Seisnig
‹proo-seis-nig› adjective
1 pro-English
Cf gwrth-Seisnig anti-English
ETYMOLOGY: (pro = pro) + (Seisnig = English)
:_______________________________.
proses, prosesau ‹PRO ses, pro SE se› (masculine or
feminine noun)
1 process
y proses / y broses the process
2 proses symlach
streamlined process (“simpler process”)
:_______________________________.
prosesydd bwyd, prosesyddion bwyd ‹pro SE sidh BUID, pro se SƏDH
yon BUID› (masculine noun)
1 food processor, blender
:_______________________________.
protest
‹pro-test› masculine noun
PLURAL protestiadau ‹pro-test-yAA-de›
1
protest = expression of disagreement, objection
Y mae mwy a mwy o'r farn mai'r unig brotest
effeithiol fyddai ymwrthod â'r papur
More and more people are of the opinion that the only effective protest
would be to refuse to buy the newspaper
2
act of protest = demonstration of dissent
ETYMOLOGY: English protest <
French protester < Latin prôtestârî / prôtestâtus = be a witness
before the public (prô = in front
of) + (testâri < testis =
witness)
:_______________________________.
Protestaniaeth ‹pro-te-stan-yeth› feminine noun
1 Protestantism = a division in Christianity dating from the objection
to the edict of Charles V in 1529 and the Diet of Spiers which denounced the
Reformation
ETYMOLOGY: (Protestannh- < Protestant) + (-i-aeth suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
Protestannaidd
‹pro-te-sta-nedh› adjective
1 Protestant = of a church founded by the Protestant reformers
ETYMOLOGY: (Protestannh- < Protestant)
+ (-aidd suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Prótestant ‹pro-te-stənt›
masculine noun
PLURAL Protestaniaid
‹pro-te-stan-yed›
1 Protestant = one of the reformers of 1529 who protested against
the edict of Charles V and the Diet of Spiers which denounced the Reformation
2
Protestant = a member of a Protestant church
ETYMOLOGY: English protestant <
French protestant = a person who is
protesting; see Protestaniaeth
:_______________________________.
prudd ‹PRIIDH› (adjective)
1 gloomy, melancholic
:_______________________________.
prun? / p'run? ‹PRIIN› (pronoun)
1 which one?
:_______________________________.
prun a ych chi'n
ei hoffi ai peidio ‹priin
a ii khiin i hô-fi ai peid-yo›
1 whether you like it or not
ETYMOLOGY: (prun = which one) + (a ych chi = that you are) + (ei hoffi = liking it) + (ai = or) + (peidio = cease doing it, stopping)
:_______________________________.
..1 pryd, prydiau ‹PRIID, RPID ye› (masculine noun)
1
time, occasion
2
ar yr un pryd / yr un pryd at the same time, simultaneously
3
ar brydiau ‹ar BRƏD ye› (adverb) at time, on occasions
ar hyn o bryd ‹ar HIN o BRIID› (adverb) at the present
time, at present, now
ar yr un pryd ‹ar ər iin
PRIID› (adverb) at the same time
mae'n bryd ‹main BRIID› (adverb) it's time
mae'n hen bryd ‹nymain heen BRIID› (adverb)
it's about time
mewn pryd ‹meun PRIID› (adverb) in time
o bryd i'w gilydd ‹o BRIID iu GI lidh› (adverb) from time to
time
o bryd i bryd ‹o BRIID i BRIID› (adverb) from time to
time
pa bryd? ‹pa BRIID› (adverb) what time? when?
pryd? ‹PRIID› (adverb) when?
pryd (y) ‹PRIID ə› (conjunction) when
:_______________________________.
..2 pryd, prydau ‹PRIID, PRI de› (masculine noun)
1 meal (also: pryd o fwyd)
2 byrbryd snack
(byr- ‹ə›
penult-syllable form of byr ‹i› = short) + soft mutation + ( pryd = meal)
:_______________________________.
Prydain ‹PRƏ den› (feminine noun)
1 Great Britain
:_______________________________.
pryder ‹PRƏ der› (masculine noun)
1 worry
:_______________________________.
pryderu ‹prə DE ri› (verb)
1 to worry
:_______________________________.
pryderus ‹prə DE ris› (adjective)
1 worried
:_______________________________.
prydferth ‹PRƏD verth› (adjective)
1 beautiful
:_______________________________.
prydles ‹prəd-les›
feminine noun
PLURAL prydlesi,
prydlesau ‹prəd-le-si,
prəd-le-se›
1 lease
y brydles the lease
eiddo ar brydles
(“property on lease”) leasehold property, house or land etc. rented out for a
specified period
ETYMOLOGY: ‘contract (for a specific length of) time’ (pryd- < pryd = time)
+ (les = lease, rent contract )
:_______________________________.
prydlon ‹PRƏD lon› (adjective)
1 punctual
:_______________________________.
prydydd ‹prəd-idh›
masculine noun
PLURAL prydyddion
‹prə-DřDH-yon
›
1 poet
prentis prydydd an apprentice poet
Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr (fl. ca. 1155-1200) ("Cynddelw (the) Great
Poet")
:_______________________________.
pryf, pryfed ‹PRIIV, PRƏ ved› (masculine noun)
1 insect, animal
pryf hofran (“insect
(of) hovering”) hoverfly; Syrphus ribesii, and other flies of the Syrphidae
family
2 Mae
o’n dipyn o bry’ He’s a crafty old devil (“he’s a bit of an animal”)
3 game animal, especially a hare
Coed y Pry SH8829 “(the) wood (of) the hare”. Farm in Llanuwchllyn, Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/241684
codi pry to
start a hare, raise a hare - drive a hare from its hiding
place in order to begin hunting it
NOTE: In
North Wales a final [v] ina monosyllable is generally lost, hence pryd <PRIIV> [priːv] > <PRII> [priː]
Other examples are gof / go’ (=
smith), craf / cra’ (= wild garlic), haf / ha’ (= summer)
:_______________________________.
pryf cop, pryfed cop ‹priiv KOP, prə ved KOP›
(masculine noun)
1 spider (North Wales)
:_______________________________.
pryf copyn, pryfed copyn ‹priiv KO pin, prə ved KO
pin› (masculine noun)
1 spider (North Wales)
:_______________________________.
pryf genwair
‹priiv gen-wer›
masculine noun
PLURAL pryfed
genwair ‹prə-ved gen-wer›
1 North Wales earthworm
ETYMOLOGY: “the creature of the fishing rod” (pryf = insect, animal) + (genwair
= fishing rod)
Colloquially pry genwar
(north-west), pry genwer
(north-east)
:_______________________________.
pryfysol
‹prəv-ə-sol›
adjective
1 insectivorous, insect-eating
ETYMOLOGY: (pryf = insect) y = ‹i› + (-ysol =
-eating); (ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
pryfysor
‹prəv-ə-sor›
masculine noun
PLURAL pryfysorion
‹prəv-ə-sor-yon›
1 insectivore, insect-eating bird
ETYMOLOGY: (pryf = insect) y = ‹i› + (-ysor =
-eater, animal which eats);
(ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-or suffix
for indicating a an agent; from Latin -ârius,
in words taken from Latin (canghellor (=
chancellor) < cancellârius;
afterwards used as a suffix with native words, as in telynor = harpist)
:_______________________________.
prynedigaeth ‹prə-ne-dî-geth›
feminine noun
1 redemption = (Christianity) the act of saving from sinful ways or
from evil
ETYMOLOGY: (prynedig = saved) + (-aeth suffix for forming abstract
nouns)
:_______________________________.
prynháwn ‹prə-nhaun›
masculine noun
PLURAL prynhawniau,
prynhawnau ‹prə-nhaun-ye,
prə-nhau-ne›
NOTE: colloquial form: North pnawn,
South-east pyrnáwn ‹pər-naun›
1 afternoon 12.00 - 18.00
ar brynhawniau Gwener on Friday
afternoons
bob prynháwn every afternoon
heddiw’r prynháwn (adverb) this afternoon
(North-east Wales)
yn y prynháwn in the afternoon
y prynháwn ddoe (adverb) yesterday
afternoon
y prynháwn heddiw (adverb) this
afternoon
y prynháwn hwnnw (adverb) that
afternoon (= on the afternoon I’m talking about)
y prynháwn ‘ma (adverb) this
afternoon
2 post meridiem, p.m., in the afternoon
am dri o'r gloch y prynháwn at 3
p.m.
3 oedfa’r prynháwn
afternoon service in a chapel or church
4 te’r prynháwn afternoon
tea
5 dangosiad prynháwn
(Cinema) afternoon showing of a film, matinée
6 perfformiad prynháwn
(Theatre) afternoon perfomance of a play, matinée
7 prynháwn da o pnawn da (greeting) good afternoon
ETYMOLOGY: (“period (of the) nones”)
prynháwn < pryd-náwn (pryd = time,
period) + (nawn = the nones, the
ninth hour in a monastery, three in the afternoon - originally the ninth hour
after sunrise).
In Irish there is a similar construction: trathnóna
(= afternoon)
(trath = period, nóna = ninth hour)
:_______________________________.
prynu ‹PRƏ ni› (verb)
1 to buy
2 gorchymyn prynu gorfodol compulsory
purchase order
3 gwerthu’r fuwch i brynu tarw to rob Peter to bay Paul (“sell the
cow to buy a bull”)
:_______________________________.
prynwr hen heyrn
‹prə-nur
heen heirn›
masculine noun
PLURAL prynwyr
hen heyrn ‹prən-wir heen heirn›
1 scrap merchant
ETYMOLOGY: “buyer (of) old irons” (prynwr
= buyer) + (hen heyrn = old irons)
:_______________________________.
Prys ‹priis› masculine noun
1 patronymic = son of Rhys
2
surname = descendent of Prys (anglicised form: Price, Preece, Breeze)
3
Christian name
ETYMOLOGY: Prys < *yprýs < *aprýs < ap Rhys ‘son
(of) Rhys’
(ap = son < ab < fab,
soft-mutated form of mab = son)
NOTE: Also Preis ‹preis› as a surname colloquially,
Cymricisation of the English form Price
‹prais›. In loans
from English, the English diphthong ‹ai›
becomes ‹ei›
:_______________________________.
prys ‹prIIS› masculine noun
PLURAL prysau
‹PRƏ-sai,
-e›
1 copse, thicket, brushwood; USA: cripple (Cripple Creek, etc)
2
Y Prysau SJ1673 name of a farm in the county of Y Fflint, south-west of
Brynffordd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=336078 map
:_______________________________.
prysg ‹prIsk› masculine noun
PLURAL prysgau
‹PRƏSK-ai, -e›
1 copse, thicket, brushwood; USA: cripple (Cripple Creek, etc)
Moel Prysgau SN8061 moel y prysgau “(the) [bare] hill (of) the thickets”
Hill in Ceredigion
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=235314
2 scrub
prysg
Mediteranaidd Mediterranean scrub
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *kwrest-
Scottish Gaelic preas (= bush, shrub, thicket) is probably a borrowing from Welsh
Irish spreasán (= twig) is (spreas) + (diminutive suffix -án); spreas is also probably a borrowing from Welsh
:_______________________________.
Y Prysg ‹prIsk› masculine noun
1 Locality in the county of Bro Morgannwg
On English-language maps as “Prisk”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST0176 map
:_______________________________.
prysgliach ‹prəsk-lyakh› plural noun
1 stunted grove, stunted trees
:_______________________________.
prysglwyn ‹prəsk-luin› masculine noun
PLURAL prysglwyni
‹prəsk-lui-ni›
1 bush
2 copse, coppice, spinney
3 covert =
thicket providing shelter for game (pheasants, rabbits, etc)
ETYMOLOGY: (prysg = bush, spinney, thicket)
+ soft mutation + (llwyn = grove,
spinney, wood, bush)
:_______________________________.
prysglwyno ‹prəsk-luiN-o› (v)
1 to
coppice
ETYMOLOGY: (prysglwyn = copse,
coppice) + (-o verbal suffix)
:_______________________________.
prysglwynwr ‹prəsk-luiN-ur› masculine noun
PLURAL prysglwynwyr
‹prəsk-luiN-wir
›
1 coppicer
Mae'r
hen draddodiad o gynhyrchu golosg wedi ei adfer gan Fenter Coedwigaeth Cymru a
Chymdeithas y Prysglwynwyr ym Mhenryn Gwyr The old tradition
of producuing charcoal has been restored by the Welsh Forestry Enterprise and
the Association of Coppicers in the Gwyr Peninsula
The
old practice of producing
ETYMOLOGY: (prysglwyn =
copse, coppice) + (-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
prysgoed ‹prəs-goid› plural noun
PLURAL prysgoedydd
‹prəsk-GOID-idh› (double plural)
1 shrubs, bushes
2 grove, thicket
ETYMOLOGY: (prysg = bush, spinney,
thicket) + soft mutation + (coed =
trees; wood)
:_______________________________.
prysur ‹PRƏ sir› (adjective)
1 busy
2 (South) quick
:_______________________________.
Pugh ‹piu› masculine noun
See Owen(-)Pughe, William
:_______________________________.
pum ‹pim› (masculine noun)
1 five (before a noun)
pum munud ‹pim MI nid› five minutes
:_______________________________.
pumed ‹PI med› (adjective)
1 fifth
:_______________________________.
Pumlumon ‹pim LI mon› [pɪmˡlɪmɔn]
1 highland east of Aberystwth ('the five peaks'), though apparently
there are six.
Llumon ‹LHI mon
› [ˡɬɪmɔn]
in earlier Welsh was chimney. Pump ‹pimp› [pɪmp]
is five (pum ‹pim› [pɪm] before
a noun), and Pumlumon is the ‘five chimneys’, possibly referring to
cairns on the five hilltops. If the name was put together in modern Welsh we
would have Pum Llumon, but the name is, for whatever reason, (pum =
five) + soft mutation + (llumon = chimney).
The same element is thought to be in the name of a loch in Scotland - Lomond –
in formerly the Welsh-speaking regions (until perhaps the eleventh century in
places) in what is now southern Scotland and Northern England. In Welsh it is Llyn
Llumonwy. ‹lhin lhi MON ui› [ɬɪn
ɬɪˡmoˑnʊɪ] If this is indeed llumon /
chimney, it may be a reference for some reason to the sixty or so islands in
the lake, which make this lake unusual and dsitinctive.
There is a possiblity that the Scots word lum (= chimney) is from the
Welsh llumon.
(delw 7026)
The numbers refer to their order according to their height – 1 is the highest, and 6 is least in height
Cronlyn Nant-y-moch [ˡkrɔnlɪn
nant ə ˡmoːx] “reservoir by (the farm called) Nant-y-Moch
/ valley of the pigs”
Cronlyn Clywedog [ˡkrɔnlɪn
kləˡweˑdɔg] “reservoir of (the) Clywedog (river)”
Pontarfynach [pont
ar ˡvənax] “bridge on the Mynach river”
Ponterwyd [pont
ˡeˑrʊɪd] (“bridge + ??”)
Dyffryncastell [ˡdəfrɪn
ˡkastɛɬ] dyffryn y castell “the valley of the
castle”
Ysbytycynfyn [əˡspətɪ
ˡkənvɪn] “the hostel of Cynfyn”
Eisteddfagurig [əɪˡstɛđva
ˡgiˑrɪg] “the seat of Curig”
Pant-mawr [pant
ˡmaʊr] “big hollow”
Tynyllechwedd [tɪn ə
ˡɬɛxwɛđ] “the smallholding on the hillside”
Penweddig [pɛnˡweˑđɪg]
“head / end +
??”
The county boundary between Powys and Ceredigion traverses Pumlumon, and is
in fact the old boundary between the kingdom (gwlad) of Ceredigion and
the kingdom of Powys. The kingdoms were divided into kántrevs, and here the
kántrev of Arwystli in Powys borders on the cantref of Penweddig in Ceredigion
(see yellow line on the map).
There seem in fact to be six peaks, but if five are to be chosen to explain the
name of the mountain, we get different possibilities:
(1) If the five highest hilltops are taken to be the “five chimneys”, then Y
Garn is included and Pumlumon Cwm Biga is excluded. This would make
Pumlumon Fach (“little Pumlunon) the smallest of the five, which suggests that
Pumlumon Cwm Biga was not considered to be part of the five.
(2) The Wikipedia entry in Welsh has five peaks, including Y Garn, but
excluding Pen Pumlumon Llygad Bychan
(3) If the five hilltops which include Pumlumon in their name are
taken to be the five, then Y Garn is excluded
MEANINGS OF THE NAMES:
Pen Pumlumon Fawr ‹pen pim LI mon VAUR› [pɪmˌlɪmɔn
ˡvaʊr] “(the)
peak (of) Great Pumlumon”
(Pumlumon) + soft mutation + (mawr = great; “greater” when paired
with bach = small / lesser).
The fact of this soft mutation suggests that Pumlumon is a feminine noun
(though in the case of forenames, in older Welsh, such epithets as Mawr (= big)
and Bach / Bychan (= small) could also have soft mutation after male forenames
– as shown by the epithet Fychan, (Dafydd Fychan = David Junior, David the
Younger), spelt Vaughan in English.
Pen Pumlumon Arwystli
‹pen pim LI mon ar UIST li› [pɛn
pɪmˌlɪmɔn arˡʊɪstlɪ] (“the highest point of Pumlumon
which is in the cantref of Arwystli”). The other four peaks are in the kántrev
of Penweddig, in the country of Ceredigion; Pen Pumlumon Arwystli is the only
peak across the boundary lins, in the kántrev of Arwystli in the counry of Powys
(if we discount Pumlumon Cwm Biga as one of the five peaks, since this too is
in Arwystli)
(pen = peak) + (Pumlumon) + (Arwystli = name of a cantref
in the old kingdom of Powys)
The peak was in the kúmmud of Uwch
Coed (“above the forest”), one of the two divisions of Arwystli, the other
being Is Coed (“below the forest”).
Arwystli is “territory of Arwystl” (Arwystl [ˡarʊɪstl]
= forename) + (-i suffix
to denote a territory)
The name itself is based on gwystl ‹GUISTL› [gʊɪstl] (hostage) – (ar intensifying
prefix) + soft mutation + (gwystl = hostage), possibly meaning ‘great
hostage’, whatever the significance this would have had for the people when it
was coined.
Pen Pumlumon Llygad
Bychan ‹pen
pim-LI-mon LHə-gad Bə-khan› [pɛn
pɪmˌlɪmɔn ˡɬəgad ˡbəxan]
(“the Pumlumon peak which has the Llygad Bychan – small spring”)
Llygad is eye, and also the source of a stream or a spring.
In South Wales, among many other
examples, the river Rhymni begins at a mountain spring called Llygad
Rhymni.
On Pumlumon there is Llyn Llygad Rheidol ‹lhin LHə-gad
HREI-dol › [ˌɬɪn
ˡɬəgad ˡhrəɪdɔl] (“the lake of the spring which is
the source of the Rheidol river”)
Y Garn ‹ə GARN› [ə ˡgarn] (“the (burial) cairn”)
(y definite article) + soft mutation + (carn = cairn, a cairn
marking a grave). A feminine word, hence there is soft mutation after the
definite article.
Pumlumon Fach ‹ pim-LI-mon VAAKH› [pɪmˌlɪmɔn
ˡvɑːx]
(“Little Pumlumon”)
(Pumlumon) + soft mutation + (fach = small; or “lesser” when
paired with mawr = big / greater).
Pumlumon Cwm Biga
‹ pim-LI-mon kum BII-ga› [pɪmˌlɪmɔn
kʊm ˡbiˑga]
(“the part of Pumlumon where the Biga valley is” “Pumlumon (of) Biga valley”)
Here there is a cairn called Carn Biga ‹karn BII-ga› [ˌkarn
ˡbiˑga].
Below there is Cwmbiga farm at SN8589
The comparative heights of the hilltops are shown below (each dot
represents 10 metres; the height is rounded up or down to the nearest ten
metres). The first three incorporate pen (head, top, peak) in the name –
possibly they are more discernible as peaks or hilltops than Pumlumon Fach and
Pumlumon Cwm Biga.
(delw 7027)
Difference in height:
Pen Pumlumon Fawr is
11m higher than Pen Pumlumon Arwystli
25m higher than Pen Pumlumon Llygad Bychan
68m higher than Y Garn
88m higher than Pumlumon Fach
121m higher than Pumlumon Cwm Biga
Discounting
Pumlumon Cwm Biga as one of the five peaks,
we see the difference in height between Pumlumon Fawr (Great
Pumlumon) and Pumlumon Fach (Little
Pumlumon) is 88 metres
PHOTOS
1 Pumlumon Fawr SN7886 HEIGHT: 752m or 2467ft
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/59259
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/34855
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/245572
trig pillar
2 Pen Pumlumon Arwystli
SN8187 HEIGHT: 741m or 2428ft
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/910669
y tair carn
3 Pen Pumlumon Llygad Bychan SN7987 HEIGHT: 727m or 2385ft
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/715591
4 Y Garn SN7785 HEIGHT: 684m or
2244ft
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/709088
5 Pumlumon Fach SN7887
HEIGHT: 664m or 2178ft
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/656625
6 Pumlumon Cwm Biga
SN8389 HEIGHT: 620m or 2008ft
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/289236
Afon Biga SN8589
The six hilltops are to be seen at http://www.summitpost.org/mountain/rock/339694/Pumlumon-Fawr.html
:_______________________________.
pum munud
‹pim mi-nid›
1
a five-minute break, a rest from working
cymryd pum munud have a break, have
a rest, take a breather
Roedd hi’n fy ngwylio’n gyson ac yn
gofalu na chawn i ddim pum munud
She was watching me constantly and making sure I didn’t have a rest
Mi gawn ni bum munud We’ll have a
rest, Let’s have a break
:_______________________________.
pump ‹PIMP› (masculine noun)
1 five
2
mor hir â mish pump (South Wales)
long in coming “as long as a month of five (Saturdays)” – the final Saturday of
the month was payday, but some months have five Saturdays rather than four if
the first Saturday is the first, second or third day of the month
(mor = as) + (hir = long) + (â = as) +
(mish, southern form of mis = month) + (pump = five)
:_______________________________.
pun? / p'un? ‹PIIN› (pronoun)
1 which one?
pun ai…
ai… which one, whether it is… or….
Fe gewn i weld pun ai gwaith caled ai diogi dâl ore ar ddydd yr arholiad
On the day of the examination we shall see which pays off the best (“pays best”), hard work or laziness
:_______________________________.
punnau ‹PIN-ai, -e› (plural noun)
1 pounds; plural of punt
:_______________________________.
punnoedd ‹PIN-oidh, -odh› (plural noun)
1 pounds; plural of punt
:_______________________________.
punt, punnau / punnoedd ‹PINT, PI ne / PI nodh› (feminine noun)
1 pound (money)
y bunt the pound
:_______________________________.
pupur, pupurau ‹PI pir, pi PII re› (masculine noun)
1 pepper
2
pupur a halen ‹pi pir a
HA len› salt and pepper (“pepper and salt”)
3
pupur coch, pupurau coch / cochion ‹pi pir KOOKH, pi pi re KOOKH / KOKH yon›
red pepper
4
pupur du ‹pi pir DII›
black pepper
5
pupur gwyn ‹pi pir
GWIN› white pepper
6
pupur gwyrdd, pupurau gwyrddion ‹pi
pir GWIRDH, pi pi re GWIRDH / GWƏRDH yon›
green pepper
7
pupur mâl ‹pi pir
MAAL› ground pepper
8
pupur tshili ‹pi pir CHI li› chili pepper
:_______________________________.
pur <PIIR> [piːr] (adjective)
1 pure
2 pur dda <piir DHAA> [piːr ˡđɑː] (adverb) very well
:_______________________________.
purboeth <PIR-boith, -both> [ˡpɪrbɔɪθ,
-ɔθ] adjective
1 (South Wales) burning hot
ETYMOLOGY: (pur = pure) + soft
mutation + (poeth = hot)
:_______________________________.
purdan
<PIR-dan> [ˡpɪrdan] masculine
noun
1 purgatory = in some variants of Christianity (chiefly in Roman
Catholicism), a period after death when there is punishment to purify souls
destined for heaven for any minor sins committed on earth
2
purgatory = the place where these souls are punished
3
(figurative) purgatory = any experience of torment, especially if temporary
mynd trwy burdan go through hell,
suffer torment
4
(figurative) purgatory = a place where one experiences suffering and torment
ETYMOLOGY: (pur = pure) + soft
mutation + (tân = fire)
:_______________________________.
purdanaidd
<pir-DAA-naidh, -nedh> [pɪrˡdɑˑnaɪđ, -ɛđ] adjective
1 purgatorial = relating to purgatory; purifying from sin; painful
ETYMOLOGY: (purdan = purgatory) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
purdanol
<pir-DAA-nol> [pɪrˡdɑˑnɔl] adjective
1 purgatorial = relating to purgatory; purifying from sin; painful
ETYMOLOGY: (purdan = purgatory) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Y Pureneau <ə pi-re-NEE-ai,
-e> [ə
pɪrɛˡneˑaɪ, -ɛ]
1 the Pyrenees
Maybe “Y Pirinéw” would be a better Welsh name, that is, using the
Catalan name (el Pirineu) for the mountain range
2 helygen y
Pureneau (Salix pyrenaica) Pyrenean willow
NOTE: Here we have used “u” but
in fact the standard form is Pyreneau, with “y” supposedly representing
[i], though this violates a fundamental spelling convention that “y” can only
be [i] in a non-tonic syllable. Otherwise it represents the obscure vowel [ə]
:_______________________________.
purfa
<PIR-va> [ˡpɪrva] feminine
noun
PLURAL purféydd
<pir-VEIDH> [pɪrˡvəɪđ]
1 refinery = place where material is refined
y burfa the refinery
purfa siwgwr sugar refinery
purfa olew oil refinery
ETYMOLOGY: (pur-, stem of puro = to purify, to refine) + (-fa, suffix = place)
:_______________________________.
puriad
<PIR-yad> [ˡpɪrjad] masculine
noun
PLURAL puriadau
<pir-YAA-dai, -de> [pɪrˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 Religion purgation,
purification; = act of purging from sin
2 Chemistry purification;
= act of removing contaminants
ETYMOLOGY: (pur-, stem of puro = to purify) + (-iad, suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
purion
<PIR-yon> [ˡpɪrjɔn] adjective
1 OK, all right
I'r ffermwr, y cynhaeaf sy'n gwneud
blynyddoedd da, gwael neu burion
For the farmer, it’s the harvest which determines if a year has been good, bad
or indifferent (“it is the harvest which makes good, bad or (merely) all right
years”)
2
fine = without problems
Mi fydd hi'n burion yng ngofal Tomos. Rwy'n
siwr ei fod o'n nyrs dda
She'll be fine in Thomas's care. I'm sure he'll be a good nursemaid
3
fine, very well, O.K., all right; as a reply when one is asked about one's
health
-Sut ydych chi? -Purion
-How are you? -Fine
4
purion peth it's a good idea
Purion peth fyddai gadael iddo wneud
hynny
P’rion
peth fydde gadel iddo neud ’ny
It'd be a good idea to let him do it
5
purion peth it's a good thing
that...
Purion peth iddo ddod
It's a good thing he came
6
adverb O.K:, all right then
ETYMOLOGY: purion < pur iawn 'very well' (pur = very) + (iawn = well)
NOTE: South Wales: purion > p’rion > prion <PRII-on> [ˡpriˑɔn]
:_______________________________.
puro <PII-ro> [ˡpiˑrɔ] verb
1 purify, cleanse = free from something which contaminates
2
(language) purify = use forms considered standard rather than colloquialisms
Pam nad ydy penaethiaid y radio am buro
Cymraeg y darlledwyr iau?
Why don't the managers of the radio want to purify the Welsh of the younger
broadcasters?
3
cleanse, purify; = free from sin
A ddaw o'r tân wedi ei buro?
Will he come out of the fire cleansed? ("after his cleansing")
4
refine = purify, remove impurities (as from gold, sugar, petroleum)
ETYMOLOGY: (pur = pure) + (-o, suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
purwyn
<PIR-win> [ˡpɪrwɪn] adjective
1 pure white
ETYMOLOGY: (pur = pure) + soft
mutation + (gwyn = white)
NOTE: feminine form: purwen
:_______________________________.
purydd <PII-ridh> [ˡpiˑrɪđ] masculine
noun
PLURAL puryddion
<pi-RƏDH-yon> [pɪˡrəđjɔn]
1 (language) purist, person who insists that the traditional view of
what is correct should be respected
:_______________________________.
putain
<PI-tain, -ten> [ˡpɪtaɪn, -ɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL puteiniaid
<pi-TEIN-yaid, -yed> [pɪˡtəɪnjaɪd,
-jɛd]
1 prostitute, whore, streetwalker, fille de joie, strumpet, harlot,
etc
y butain the prostitute
putain llys courtesan (“prostitute
(of) court”)
carn-butain arrant whore,
incorrigible whore
putain wryw male prostitute
2 (offensive) slag, tart, whore, scrubber = disparaging term for a
woman whom the speaker feels to have lax morals, almost as indiscriminate in
the selection and quantity of sexual partners as a prostitute
I feddwl dy fod ti wedi cynnig mynd â'r
buten ’na i Lunden!
To think you’ve offered to go to London with that whore!
3 (Bible) y butain fawr
the great whore (apparently a reference to the Roman Empire)
Datguddiad 17:1 A daeth un o’r saith
angel oedd â’r saith ffiol ganddynt, ac a ymddiddanodd â mi, gan ddywedyd wrthyf,
Tyred, mi a ddangosaf i ti farnedigaeth y butain fawr
sydd yn eistedd ar ddyfroedd lawr... 17:3 Ac efe a’m dygodd i i’r
diffeithwch yn yr ysbryd: ac mi a welais wraig yn eistedd ar fwystfil o liw
ysgarlad, yn llawn o enwau cabledd, a saith ben iddo, a deg corn. 17:4 A’r wraig oedd wedi ei dilladu â phorffor
ac ysgarlad, ac wedi ei gwychu ag aur, ac â main gwerthfawr, a pherlau, a
chanddi gwpan aur yn ei llaw, yn llawn o ffieidd-dra ac aflendid ei phuteindra.
17:5 Ac ar ei thalcen yr oedd enw ei
ysgrifennu. DIRGELWCH, BABILON FAWR, MAM PUTEINIAID A FFEIDD-DRA’R MAWR
Revelation 17:1 And there came one of the seven angels which had the seven
vials, and talked with me, saying unto me, Come hither; I will show unto thee
the judgment of the great whore that sitteth upon many waters:... 17:3 So he carried me away in the spirit into the
wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names
of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns. 17:4 And the woman was
arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones
and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness
of her fornication: 17:5 And upon her forehead was a name written, MYSTERY,
BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH...
17:9... The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sitteth.
Datguddiad 19:2 Oblegid cywir a chyfiawn
yw ei farnau ef: oblegid ef a farnodd y butain fawr,
yr hon a lygrodd y ddaear â’i phuteindra, ac a ddialodd waed ei weision ar ei
llaw hi
Revelation 19:2 For true and righteous are his judgments: for he hath judged
the great whore, which did corrupt the earth with her fornication, and hath
avenged the blood of his servants at her hand.
ETYMOLOGY: first example in Welsh 1200-1300;
From French putain (possibly a
direct loan into Welsh from French; if not, it has come via English from
French)
< French pute, the feminine form
of put, a shortened form from Latin putidus (= rotten, stinking).
Modern French has putain (=
prostitute, whore), and in argot la pute
(= the bitch)
:_______________________________.
puteindra <pi-TEIN-dra> [pɪˡtəɪndra] (masculine noun)
1 prostitution
:_______________________________.
puteindy, puteindai <pi-TEIN-di,
pi-TEIN-dai> [pɪˡtəɪndɪ,pɪˡtəɪndaɪ] (masculine noun)
1 whorehouse (USA: cathouse),
:_______________________________.
puteindy
‹pi-tein-di› masculine
noun
PLURAL puteindai ‹pi-tein-dai›
1 brothel, house of ill repute
(Englandic: also knocking-shop) (American: also honky-tonk, cathouse)
ETYMOLOGY: (putein- < putain = whore, prostitute) + soft
mutation + ( tŷ = house)
:_______________________________.
puteinfeistr, puteinfeistri ‹pi TEIN vei stər, pi
tein VEI stri› (masculine noun)
1 pimp, whoremaster
:_______________________________.
puteiniaeth
‹pi-tein-yeth›
1 prostitution, (old-fashioned: harlotry)
heddlu puteiniaeth vice squad
(“police (of) prostitution”)
ETYMOLOGY: (putein-i-, stem of puteinio = to prostitute oneself) + (-aeth suffix for forming abstract
nouns)
:_______________________________.
puteinig ‹pi-tei-nig› adjective
1 whorish
Diarhebion 6:6 Oblegid y fenyw buteinig
y daw dyn i damaid o fara; a gwraig gŵr arall a hela yr enaid gwerthfawr.
Proverbs 6:6 For by means of a whorish woman a man is brought to a piece of
bread: and the adulteress will hunt for the precious life.
ETYMOLOGY: (putein-, penult form of putain = whore) + (-ig, suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
puteinio ‹pi-tein-yo› verb
1 (verb without an object) go with prostitutes
2
(verb without an object) work as a prostitute, to prostitute oneself
Mae’r teuluoedd tlawd hyn yn anfon y
merched i buteinio
These poor families send their daughters to work as prostitutes
3
(verb with an object) prostitute = offer for unworthy purposes
puteinio eich dawn prostitute one's
talent = sell one's talent for an unworthy purpose
ETYMOLOGY: (putein-, penult form of putain = whore) + (-io, suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
puteiniwr ‹pi-tein-yur› masculine noun
PLURAL puteinwyr
‹pi-tein-wir›
1
fornicator, man who frequents prostitutes
Hebreiaid 12:16 Na bu un puteiniwr, neu
halogedig, megis Esau, yr hwn am un saig o fwyd a werthodd ei enedigaeth-fraint
Hebrews 12:16 Lest there be any fornicator, or profane person, as Esau, who for
one morsel of meat sold his birthright.
ETYMOLOGY: (putein-, penult form of putain = whore) + (-i-wr, suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
pw ‹PUU› preposition
1 (obsolete) to
This seems to be the first part of the phrase
pwy gilydd
(pw =
to) + (i = his, equivalent to literary Welsh ei = his) + soft
mutation + (cilydd = fellow) > pw i gilydd “to his fellow”
> pwy gilydd (qv) “from one (thing) to another (thing)”
ETYMOLOGY:
British < Celtic *kwu
Irish: co
NOTE: This would seem to be the derivation of pw in the phrase pwy gilydd, unless it is to be explained as a variant of po / bo (= may it be) from the verb bod (= to be)
:_______________________________.
pwcs ‹PUKS› masculine noun
1 (North-west Wales) yn
bwcs at full speed
Also: yn bwtsh, yn batsh
:_______________________________.
pwdin, pwdinau ‹PU din, pu DI ne› (masculine noun)
1 pudding
2
originally, same as pwdin gwaed ('blood pudding')
(America: blood sausage) (Englandic: black pudding)
Gormod o bwdin dagiff gi
“Too much pudding will choke a dog”. Saying, either “too much thing is a bad thing”, or used literally to criticise somebody eating his food greedily or eating too much food.
pwdin bara 'menyn ‹pu din BA ra ME nin› (masculine noun)
bread.and-butter pudding
pwdin crwst ‹pu din KRUST› (masculine noun)
crumble (kind of pudding)
pwdin cyrens ‹pu din KƏ rens› (masculine noun)
currant pudding
pwdin Efrog ‹pu din E vrog› (masculine noun)
Yorkshire pudding
pwdin ffrwythau ‹pu din FRUI the› (masculine noun)
fruit pudding
pwdin gwaed ‹pu din GWAID› (masculine noun) ('blood pudding')
(America: blood sausage) (Englandic: black pudding)
pwdin reis ‹pu din REIS› (masculine noun)
rice pudding
pwdin sbwng ‹pu din SPUNG› (masculine noun)
sponge pudding
pwdin stęc a lwlod ‹pu din STEEK a LU lod› (masculine noun)
steak and kidney pudding
pwdin bwthyn cottage pudding
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English pudding < poding (= a suasage).
Seems to be
of Germanic origin, related to Old English puduc
(= a sore; possibly an earlier meaning was “a swelling”), Low German puddewurst black pudding. 
Alternatively
English pudding is from French boudin < Gallo-Latin botellinus
< Latin botellus (= intestines; sausage casing; sausage)
Modern French boudin = blood sausage, black pudding
:_______________________________.
pwdr ‹pu:-dur› adjective
Feminine form: podr (rare in modern
Welsh)
Comparative forms pydred, pydrach,
pydraf
1 rotten, corrupted
bwrdeistref bwdr (History) rotten
borough
2
syrthio’n bwdr rot away, diminish
and disappear through a rotting process
3
(fruit) rotten, decaying, no longer ripe, putrid
afal pwdr rotten apple
4 carreg bwdr hearthstone = soft
stone for whitening hearth, doorstep
5
(South Wales) lazy
6
(land) barren, poor
y Waun Bodr (place name) the barren
moorland meadow (podr = feminine
form of the adjective pwdr)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin putr-is
< puter (= rotten)
From the same British root: Cornish poder
(= rotten)
:_______________________________.
pwdryn, pwdrod ‹PU drin, PU drod› (masculine noun)
1 (south) lazy person
:_______________________________.
pŵer, pŵerau ‹PU er, pu E re› (masculine noun)
1 power
:_______________________________.
pwl, pyliau ‹PUUL, PƏL ye› (masculine noun)
1 fit, attack
pwl o wallgofrwydd fit of
madness, attack of madness, moment of madness
pwl o dymer fit of temper
cael pwl o asthma have an asthma attack
cael pwl o hiraeth get a feeling of longing (for old places, old
friends)
2
mynd i bwl o ddagrau burst into
tears (“go to a fit of tears”)
:_______________________________.
pŵl ‹puul› adj
1
blunt (= lacking a sharp edge), blunted (= caused to have lost sharpness)
cryman pŵl a blunt sickle
mynd yn bŵl become blunt
2 thick,
stupid, dim, obtuse
3
dulled = having lost its brightness or shine or transparency
hela rhywbeth yn bŵl cause sth
to lose its shine
4
(sight) dim, dulled, weak
Yr oedd ei lygaid yn bŵl dan
effaith y ddiod
His eyes were dulled from the
effect of the drink
5 pylni dullness
pylu become dull
6
carbwl poor, clumsy, untidy
< carnbwl “very blunted” (carn = principal ) + soft mutation + (pŵl = blunt, blunted, dull,
lacklustre, pale)
Cymraeg carbwl garbled Welsh,
mangled Welsh
siarad Cymraeg carbwl speak bad
Welsh
ETYMOLOGY: unknown
NOTE: feminine pôl, plural pylion
:_______________________________.
pwll, pyllau ‹PULH, PƏ lhe› (masculine noun)
1 pool
2 pit, mine
3 pwll o fudreddi
cesspool = filthy or corrupt place (“pool of filth”)
4 mawnbwll
peat bog
(mawn = peat) + soft mutation + (pwll = pool, hollow, pit)
Usually: pwll mawn
5 grave
bod ar war eich pwll have one foot
in the grave (“be on the part overlooking your pit / grave”)
6
glasbwll blue pool
(glas = blue ) + soft mutation + (pulh = pool)
Glasbwll (SN7397) locality by
Machynllaith (district of Maldwyn, county of Powys)
7
priddbwll clay pit
Priddbwll house name, Abergwyngregyn
SH 6572 (county of Conwy), mentioned in the 1851 Census (pridd = earth, clay) + soft mutation + ( pwll = hole, pit)
:_______________________________.
Pwllbrochfael ‹pulh brokh-vail, -vel›
1 SO5301 village in Gloucestershire (England) near the abbey of Dyndyrn,
on the eastern bank of the river Gwy, 8km north of the town of Cas-gwent.
English name: Brockweir
ETYMOLOGY: “Brochfael’s pool” (pwll
= pool) + (Brochfael ‹q.v.› = man’s name)
:_______________________________.
pwll clai ‹pulh KLAI› (masculine noun)
1 claypit
:_______________________________.
Y Pwll-coch
‹puulh-kookh›
1 district in Caer-dydd
Ysgol Gynradd Pwll-coch name of a
Welsh-language school (USA: elementary school, grade school) (Englandic:
primary school) in this part of the city
:_______________________________.
Pwllcrochan ‹pulh KRO khan›
1 SM8836 bay in the county
of Penfro
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/896725 map, llun map, photo
ETYMOLOGY: pwll
y crochan “(the) pool (of) the cauldron
:_______________________________.
y Pwll Du ‹ə pulh DII›
1 SO2411 pool near Garnyrerw, Tofaen
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/504147
1 SO0244 pool east of Cwmowen, Brycheiniog, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/442693
ETYMOLOGY:
the black pool
:_______________________________.
y Pwll Glas ‹ə pulh GLAAS›
1 cove near Dinas (Sir Benfro)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/536606
ETYMOLOGY: the blue pool / cove
:_______________________________.
y Pwll-glas ‹ə pulh GLAAS›
1 SJ1154 Village in Sir Ddinbych (Spelt “Pwll-glâs” on the Ordnance
Survey map)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1154 map
2 SN9789 farm near Trefeglwys, Powys (Spelt “Pwllglas” on the Ordnance Survey map)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN9789 map
3 SN6055 farm in Ceredigion, near Llwyn-y-groes. (Spelt “Pwllglas” on the Ordnance Survey map)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN6055 map
4 SN3151 farm in Ceredigion, at Y Sarn. (Spelt “Pwllglas” on the Ordnance Survey map)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN3151
5 SN6055 farm in Maldwyn, Powys near Abergwydol. (Spelt “Pwllglas” on the Ordnance Survey map)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH7802
:_______________________________.
pwll glo, pyllau glo ‹pulh GLOO› (masculine noun)
1 coal mine
:_______________________________.
Pwllgwyngwyll ‹pulh-GWƏN-gilh› [pʊɬˡgwəngɪɬ,
pʊɬˡgwɪngɪɬ]
1 Name
of a medieval township on the island of Môn / Anglesey
The church dedicated to Mary (Llanfair) situated in this township was
distinguished from others in Wales by the addition of the name of the township
– Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll
According to Samuel Lewis 'A Topographical Dictionary of Wales', third
edition 1849):
“LLANVAIR-PWLLGWYNGYLL (LLAN-FAIR-PWLL-GWYNGYLL), a parish, in the union
of Bangor and Beaumaris, hundred of Tyndaethwy, county of Anglesey, North
Wales, 4 miles (W. by S.) from Bangor; containing 617 inhabitants. The name of
this parish is derived from the dedication of its church to St. Mary, and the
distinguishing adjunct from its position nearly opposite to a whirlpool in the
Menai strait, formed by the Swelley rocks, which rages with impetuous violence,
and of which the term "Pwll Gwyngyll" is emphatically descriptive.
The rocks, most of which are visible at low water, obstruct the channel of the
strait, and when the lower rocks are covered, the tide, rushing between them
with tremendous fury, forms numerous vortices and strong eddies, exceedingly
dangerous to vessels navigating this part of the Menai, which are sometimes
caught by the rapidity of the current, and dashed against the rocks that appear
above the surface. The difficulty of avoiding this impending danger at certain
states of the tide, and the roaring noise and violent agitation of the waters,
have obtained for this part of the strait the appellation of the Scylla and
Charybdis of Welsh mariners, of similar import with its Welsh name Pwll Ceris.
At high water the agitation subsides, and the appearance of the surface is
smooth and tranquil, differing in no respect from the other parts of the
strait.”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/381455 Pwll Ceris
ETYMOLOGY:
(1) pwll Gwyngyll “(the) whirlpool (of) Gwyngyll (= white hazels)”, that
is, “the whirlpool by the place called Gwyngyll”,
(2) or (less likely) pwll y gwyngyll “whirlpool (of) the white hazels)”
:_______________________________.
pwll heli ‹pulh he li› masculine noun
PLURAL pyllau
heli
1
brine pool, salt pool
2
Pwllheli (SH3735) locality in the
county of Gwynedd (see following entry)
3
pwll heli oceanarium = large
aquarium for marine life
ETYMOLOGY: (pwll = pool) + (heli = salty water, brine)
:_______________________________.
Pwllheli
‹pulh-hEe-li›
1
(SH3735) locality in the county of Gwynedd
Llifai’r
llanw i’r man isel, y Gors, sydd rhwng Stryd King’s Head a Phentrepoeth, i roi
ini’r “pwll heli”
Ar Hyd Ben ‘Rallt / Elfed Gruffydd / Llyfrau Llafar Gwlad / Rhif 42 / Gwasg
Carreg Walch, Llanrwst / 1991 / tudalen 99
The tide flowed into the low-lying spot, Y Gors (“the marsh”), between King’s
Head Street and Pentre-poeth, to give us the “pwll heli” (brine pool)
ETYMOLOGY: (see preceding entry)
:_______________________________.
pwll hwyaid
‹pulh hui-ed› masculine noun
PLURAL pyllau hwyaid
‹pə-lhe
hui-ed›
1 duck pond
fel pwll hwyaid (sea) as smooth as a
mill pond
Roedd y môr fel pwll hwyaid The sea
was as as smooth as a mill pond
Pwll Hwyaid Llanystumdwy SH4738
a duck pond in Llantystumdwy, Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/597868
See Pwllyrhwyaid
:_______________________________.
Pwllmeurig ‹pulh MEI rig› (masculine noun)
1 place name; Meurig's pool
:_______________________________.
pwll melin
‹pulh mEE-lin› masculine noun
PLURAL pyllau
melinau ‹pə-lhe
me-lî-ne›
1 mill pond
Pwllyfelin farm east of Glynogwr
(county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
:_______________________________.
pwll nofio ‹pulh NOV yo› (masculine noun)
1 swimmng pool
:_______________________________.
pwll tro ‹puulh troo› masculine noun
PLURAL pyllau
tro ‹pə-lhe
troo›
South Wales
1 whirlpool
2
Y Pwll Tro place name (now lost) in
Bedwas (county of Caerffili).
According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records'
(1889-1911):
“PWLL-TRO (the whirlpool.) A deep place in the river Rhymny, below Bedwas
bridge, in the hamlet of the Van in the parish of Bedwas (1755.)”
ETYMOLOGY: “pool (of) turning” (pwll
= pool) + (tro = turn, turning)
NOTE: in the north with the elements reversed – trobwll
:_______________________________.
Pwllybiswail ‹pulh ə bis-wail› -
1 place in Llaneirwg
(“pool of the dung”) (Pwll-y-Biswael, Kelly’s Directory of Monmouthshire, 1901)
ETYMOLOGY: “the dung pool” (pwll
= pool) + (y = definite article) + (biswail = dung)
:_______________________________.
pwll y gaeaf ‹pulh ə GEI a› (masculine noun)
1 the darkest days of winter on either side of the solstice 'pit of
winter'
:_______________________________.
pwll y gesail ‹pulh ə GE sel›
(masculine noun)
1 armpit ('pit of the armpit')
:_______________________________.
Pwllygwichiad ‹pulh-ə-GWIKH-yad› [ˌpʊɬ ə ˡgwɪxjad]
1 A former farm
in what is now the centre of Llandudno, said to be where the Woolworth’s shop
in Ffordd Mostyn / Mostyn Street now (2008-12-31) is, and the area towards
Rhodfa’r De / South Parade.
The farm was the birthplace of the artist
Hugh Hughes (1790 - Great Malvern, England 1860)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) pool (of) the
periwinkle”, “periwinkle pool”
(pwll = pool) + (y = definite article) + (gwichiad =
periwinkle)
:_______________________________.
Pwllygrawys ‹pulh-ə-grau-is›
1 street name in the town of Dinbych; (English name: “Lenten Pool”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) pool (of) the Lententide”) (pwll = pool) + (y =
definite article) + (Grawys = Lent,
Lententide) When meat had to be given up for Lent, fish were taken from this
pool for the inhabitants of the castle on the hill above. The pool no longer
exists – a traffic circle (roundabout) now occupies the site.
:_______________________________.
Pwll-y-pant ‹pull ə pant›
1 ST1588 locality in
Caerffili county
ETYMOLOGY: (pwll = pool) + (y
= definite article) + (pant = hollow)
:_______________________________.
Pwllyplwca ‹pulh ə plu-ka›
1 place in Llaneirwg (“pool
of the mire”) (Pwll-y-plwcca, Kelly’s Directory of Monmouthshire, 1901)
ETYMOLOGY: (pwll = pool) + (y
= definite article) + (plwca = mire, mud)
:_______________________________.
Pwllyrhwyaid ‹pulh ər HUI-aid, -ed ›
1 SO0607 farm in Dwyran, Ynys Môn
ETYMOLOGY: (pwll = pool) + (yr
= definite article) + (hwyaid = ducks, plural of hwyad = duck)
:_______________________________.
pwlman, pwlmans ‹PUL man,PUL mans› (masculine noun)
1 (Patagonia) bus going between villages
:_______________________________.
pwlofer, pwlofers ‹PU lo ver, PU lo vers› (masculine noun)
1 jersey
:_______________________________.
pwn
‹pun› masculine noun
PLURAL pynnau ‹pə-ne›
1 pack, burden; especially saddle pack of a donkey
2 ceffyl pwn packhorse
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin pond(us)
(= weight), word related to pendere (=
to weigh; the English words to ponder,
ponderous are likewise from Latin pondus)
:_______________________________.
pwn, pynnau ‹PUN, PƏ ne› (masculine noun)
1 pack
:_______________________________.
pwnc, pynciau ‹PUNGK, PƏNGK ye›
(masculine noun)
1 subject
2 beat about the bush, not get straight to the point
gogor-droi o gwmpas pwnc skate around
a subject, avoid getting to the point
:_______________________________.
pwnc llosg
‹pungk lhosk› masculine
noun
PLURAL pynciau
llosg ‹pəngk-ye lhosk›
1
burning question, hot potato, contencious subject
ETYMOLOGY: (pwnc = matter, question)
+ (llosg = burning)
:_______________________________.
pwnio ‹PUN yo› (verb)
1 beat, hit
2 pwnio (rhywbeth) i ben (rhywun)
get (something) into somebody's head, din (something) into somebody's head =
tell somebody something insistently so that it is remembered and learnt
:_______________________________.
pwnsh
‹punsh› masculine noun
PLURAL pwnshis,
pynshiau ‹pun
–shis, pənsh-ye›
1 punch = A tool for making small round holes
ETYMOLOGY: English punch < puncheon < French ponçon < Latin punctiô (= puncture) < pungere
(= to prick)
Modern French: poinçon (= punch)
:_______________________________.
pwrcas, pwrcasau ‹PUR kas, pwr KA se› (masculine noun)
1 purchase
2 hur-bwrcas hire
purchase (HP)
prynu drwy hur-bwrcas to buy on HP
:_______________________________.
pŵr-dŕb, pŵr-dŕbs <puur-DAB,
puur-DABZ> [puːr ˡdab, puːr
ˡdabz]
(m)
1 in the expression pŵr-dŕb (qv) poor thing, poor
fellow, poor woman, poor boy, poor girl (expression of pity towards a person);
Cambrian English (South Wales): poor dab
y pŵr-dŕb â fe! poor thing!
y pŵr-dŕb ag e! poor thing!
Bydd e’n colli’r gęm, y pŵr-dŕb He’ll miss the game, poor dab
…ni gyd ... ond y cwrcyn.A pwr dab o hwnnw, 'odd e ddim dicon cwic, A dyma Matilda yn estyn cic
..all of us, except for the tomcat.
And the poor thing wasn’t quick enough,And Matilda gave him a kick (“extended a kick”)Abiah Roderick, “Matilda”, 1952
Ond ni fedrai y “poor dab” sefyll heb ddwy ffon,
But the poor dab couldn’t stand without (the aid of) two (walking) sticks
Dyffryn Cynon (cyfres o erthyglau yn y ‘Geninen’ 1900-1904). Jenkin Howell
Pam na roddest ti lifft i’r pŵr-dab? Why didn’t you give the poor dab a lift?
Mae e wedi cael sioc ofnadw, pw^r-dab. He’s
had a terrible shock, poor dab / the poor fellow
ETYMOLOGY:
English poor dab. South-western English dab (= insignificant
person).
A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady: to which is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837: DAB, s[ubstantive]. a chit, an insignificant person, a proficient in any feat or exercise : also a slight blow.
NOTE: Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru had pŵr-dab. In this dictionary we have marked the vowel as short: pŵr-dŕb. Also written variously in Welsh texts as pwr dab, poor dab
:_______________________________.
pwrs, pyrsau ‹PURS, PƏR se› (masculine noun)
1 purse
:_______________________________.
pwrs y wlad ‹purs ə WLAAD› (masculine noun)
1 (in certain sayings) the money of the state ('the purse of the
country')
:_______________________________.
Pwrtwe ‹purt-we› feminine noun
1
(History) portway, a road between boroughs (port has the sense of ‘market town
/ borough’ in this English expression)
Y Bwrtwe The name of the main road
from Caer-dydd to Castell-nedd. In fact, this is part of the Roman road from
Glevum, present-day English city of Gloucester (Caerloyw in Welsh) to Nidum
(Castell-nedd, or ‘Neath’ in English). It connected the boroughs of Caer-dydd,
Y Bont-faen, Cynffig, Aberafan and Castell-nedd
There are many roads in England called ‘The Portway’, but this seems to be the
only instance in Wales of this English name adapted into Welsh
..1 The Portway in Hampshire - a section of the Roman road which ran from Silchester
to Old Sarum
Newport, Shropshire - the Latin name was Novo
Burgo, i.e. “new town”. Forton Road was originally called The Portway.
..2 The Portway, Elton, Derbyshire
In 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911) John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) states for
Portway:
“The mediaeval name for the Roman road
which skirts the shore of South Wales and unites the ancient boroughs;
particularly from Cardiff westward through Cowbridge, Kenfig and Aberavon, to
Neath. In the vernacular this road was called Y Bwrtwe, by turning the English
word into a feminine Welsh noun. It occurs as late as 1763.”
The name is seen elsewhere in the ‘Records’, where Mab Cernyw notes a barn
called Ysgubor y Bwrtwe “(the) barn
(of) the portway”), in the parish of Sain Nicolas: YSGUBOR-Y-BWRTWE "Skybbor y Bwrtway" (the Portway barn.) In
the parish of Saint Nicholas (1763.)
ETYMOLOGY: English portway (= main
road, road between market towns).
(port = town) + (way = way)
As most nouns indicating roads are feminine in Welsh, 'pwrtwe' has joined this
group
(heol = road, stryd = street, lôn =
lane, beidr = farm track, ffordd = road - these are all feminine
nouns)
:_______________________________.
pws ‹pus› (masculine noun)
1 word for addressing or referring to a cat
2 Pws Esgid Uchel Puss in
Boots (“Puss (of) High Boot”)
:_______________________________.
pwt, pytiau ‹PUT, PƏT ye› (masculine noun)
1 stump, short piece
2
the least amount
Wela i ddim pwt o fai arno I don’t
blame him one bit (“I don’t see a least-bit of blame on him”)
3
pwt (o rywbeth) something small
pwt o ffenest' a small window
pwt o dennyn a short leash
rhyw bwt o bastwn garw a gariai ef yn
lle ffon fugail hHe carried a short rough stick instead of a shepherd’s
crook
pwt o ddyn a short man
pwt o ddyn bach tywyll oedd Ifan
Ifan was a short dark little man
derbyniais bwt o lythyr I received a
short letter
pwt o erthygl a short article
pwt o getyn a short (smoker’s) pipe
pwt o hanes y Fic a short history of
the Fic (Victoria) tavern
cael pwt o sgwrs â have a short chat
with
gweld pwt o raglen ddogfen ar... see
a short documentary about...
:_______________________________.
pwtsh ‹puch›
1 (North-west Wales) yn bwtsh at full speed
Also: yn bwcs, yn batsh
:_______________________________.
pwy ‹PUI› (pronoun)
1 who
:_______________________________.
pwy gilydd
‹pui gî-lidh› adverb
1 one to another
May occur with soft mutation - bwygilydd
..a/ o… pwygilydd
/ bwygilydd from (one thing) to another, from (one thing) to the next
o’r môr pwy gilydd from sea to sea (“from the sea to its fellow”)
o flwyddyn bwygilydd (obsolete) from one year to the next (“from a year to its fellow”)
o law bwygilydd (obsolete) from one hand to another (“from a hand to its fellow”)
..b/ am… pwygilydd / bwygilydd during (hours, days, years, etc)
am oriau pwy gilydd for hours on end,
for hours and hours (“for [a period of] hours to its fellow”)
am ddyddiau pwy gilydd for days on
end, for days and days (“for [a period of] days to its fellow”)
am flynyddoedd pwy gilydd for years
on end, for years and years (“for [a period of] years to its fellow”)
..c/ penbwygilydd from one end to another
o benbwygilydd (qv) from end to end,
from start to finish
ETYMOLOGY: This is not pwy (= who),
since the original form was pw i gilydd
“to its fellow”
(*pw, obsolete preposition = to,
< Celtic *kwu) + (i = his,
equivalent to literary Welsh ei = his) + soft mutation + (cilydd = fellow)
NOTE: This would seem to be the derivation of pw in the phrase pwy gilydd, unless it is to be explained as a variant of po / bo (= may it be) from the verb bod
(= to be)
:_______________________________.
Pwyleg ‹PUI leg› (feminine noun)
1 Polish language
y Bwyleg the Polish language
Pwyleg eich iaith Polish-speaking
2 (adjective) Polish (= in the Polish language)
ETYMOLOGY: (Pwyl < Gwlad Pwyl = Poland, “land
(of) Pol-”) + (-eg adjectival / noun
suffix indicating a language)
:_______________________________.
..1 pwyll ‹PUILH› (masculine noun)
1 discretion, prudence
cadw’ch pwyll keep
your wits about you, act prudently (“keep your prudence”)
2 reason, senses
Po hynaf
y dyn, gwaethaf ei bwyll > po hyna’r dyn, gwaetha’i bwyll the
older a man is, the less sense he has, no fool like an old fool (“the older the
man, worse his reason” )
:_______________________________.
..2 Pwyll ‹PUILH› (masculine noun)
1 man's name; first of the tales of the Mabinogi
:_______________________________.
pwylldrais
‹puilh-drais›
(m)
1
brainwashing = the practice or technique of making someone believe that what is
not true is true
ETYMOLOGY: (pwyll = mind) + soft
mutation + (trais = violence, rape)
:_______________________________.
pwylldreisiad
‹puilh-drei-shad› (m)
PLURAL pwylldreisiadau
‹puilh-dreis-yAA-de›
1
brainwashing = an application of methods to make someone believe that what is
not true is true
ETYMOLOGY: (pwylldreis- stem of pwylldreisio
= to brainwash) (-i-ad noun-forming
suffix)
:_______________________________.
pwylldreisio
1
brainwash
ETYMOLOGY: (pwylldreis- stem of pwylldrais = brainwashing) + (-i-o verb-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
pwyllgor
‹puilh-gor› masculine
noun
PLURAL pwyllgorau
‹puilh-gô-re›
1
committee = group of people elected or appointed to carry out certain specified
duties
is-bwyllgor subcommittee
pwyllgor addysg education committee
pwyllgor dethol select committee;
group in the English parliament to investigate some matter made up of MPs from
the governing party and from the opposition parties
pwyllgor llywio steering committee
2
pronoun: ef (it) when the
institution is referred to, nhw
(they) when the members are referred to
3
pwyllgor pennau brains trust = experts
who discuss some issue on the radio, TV (“committee (of) heads”)
ETYMOLOGY: word devised by the lexicographer Caerfallwch (Edward Thomas,
1779-1858)
(pwyll = mind, good sense) + soft
mutation + (cor = group)
:_______________________________.
pwynt, pwyntiau ‹PUINT, PUINT-ye› (masculine noun)
1 point
2 point = land jutting out into the sea
Y Pwynt place
south-west of Biwmaris in Ynys Môn,
former name Penrhyn Safnes.
English
name: Gallows Point
(delw 7378)
3 dod at y pwynt come to the point
Der at y pwynt! Come to the point!
4 eithafbwynt furthest point, ne plus ultra, uttermost point, ne plus
ultra
(eithaf = the most extreme) + soft
mutation . + (pwynt = point)
:_______________________________.
pwyntiau
‹puint-ye›
1 plural form of pwynt = point
:_______________________________.
pwyntiwr
‹puint-yur› masculine noun
1 (Railway) pointsman
ETYMOLOGY: (pwynt = point) + (-i-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
pwys, pwysau <PUIS, PUI-sai, -se> [pʊɪs,
ˡpʊɪsaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 weight
2
importance
3
o bwys important
bod o bwys be important
Mae pob ceiniog o bwys Every penny
counts (“every penny is of importance”)
ni… o fawr bwys of little
importance
(ni = not)..... + (o = of) + soft mutation + (mawr = big, great) + soft mutation + (pwys = importance)
Něd yw o fawr bwys It’s of little
importance (“it is not of great importance”)
:_______________________________.
pwysig <PUI-sig> [ˡpʊɪsɪg] (adjective)
1 important
:_______________________________.
pwyslais <PUIS-lais> [ˡpʊɪslaɪs] (masculine noun)
1 emphasis = stress
rhoi gormod o bwyslais ar (rywbeth)
attach too much importance to (something)
:_______________________________.
pwyso <PUI-so> [ˡpʊɪsɔ] (verb)
1 to weigh
2
to lean
pwyso allan o ffenest lean out of a
window
Agorodd y papur newydd a phwyso nôl yn ei sedd
He opened the
newspaper and leaned back in his seat
3
pwyso ar wynt rhywun pressurise
somebody (“weigh on the wind / breath of somebody”)
pwyso ar wynt tyst pressurise a
witness
:_______________________________.
pwyth
<PUITH> [pʊɪθ] masculine
noun
PLURAL pwythau <PUI-thai,
-e> [ˡpʊɪθaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 (sewing) stitch = loop made by a thread when drawn by a needle
pwyth bras tack, loose stitch
2
stitch (for closing a wound)
3
North Wales pwyth drwy'r wal tie stone, one connecting two sides of a wall
4
talu'r pwyth get one's own back,
give someone tit for tat
talu'r pwyth yn ôl i rywun get one's
own back on someone
Blynyddoedd wedyn cafodd dalu'r pwyth yn
ôl i heddwas y pentref
Many years later he was able to get his own back on the village policeman
6
South Wales; obsolete wedding present (especially in the sense of a present
which is made in return for a present formerly received)
Plural: pwython (southern form of
the plural variant pwythion)
7
South Wales help
rho bwyth iddo help him
8
debt (obligation to return a favour or gift)
Fe af â chi yn y car. Rhaid i chi gofio,
ma’ arna i bwyth i chi
I'll take you in the car. Remember, I owe you a favour (“there is on me a
stitch to you”)
ETYMOLOGY: British *pukt- < Latin
*puct- < punctum (= point) < pungere
(= pierce).
English point < French < this
same Latin word punctum
:_______________________________.
pydew <PƏ-deu> [ˡpədɛʊ]masculine
noun
PLURAL pydewau
<pə-DEU-ai, -e> [pəˡdɛʊaɪ, -ɛ] 1 well, spring, pit
y pwll diwaelod the bottomless pit
Datguddiad 20:3 Ac a'i bwriodd ef i'r pydew diwaelod, ac a
gaeodd arno, ac a seliodd arno ef, fel na thwyllai efe'r cenhedloedd mwyach,
nes cyflawni'r mil o flynyddoedd: ac ar ôl hynny rhaid yw ei ollwng ef yn rhydd
dros ychydig amser.
Revelation 20:3 And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set
a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand
years should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season.
2
(figurative of depths of depravity, degradation) pit
codi meddwyn o’r pydew (“raise a
drunkard from the pit”, raise the drunkard from his pit) , cause an alcoholic
to reform his ways
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh pydew < British
< Latin puteus (= well, pit)
Cf English pit < Old English pytt < Latin puteus;
Catalan pou (= well, pit) < Latin
puteus
:_______________________________.
Y Pydew <ə PƏ-deu> [ə ˡpədɛʊ]
1 (SH8079) locality in the county of Conwy, 1km north-east of
Cyffordd Llandudno
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1013836 Y Pydew
Brynpydew SH8179 locality here bryn y pydew “(the) hill (by) Y Pydew”, or “(the) hill (of) the well” (“Bryn Pydew” on the Ordnance Survey map)
There are roads here called
Pydew Road
(which would be Ffordd y Pydew in Welsh)
Brynpydew Road (which would be Ffordd Brynpydew in Welsh)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1013851 Brynpydew
ETYMOLOGY: “the well”
:_______________________________.
pydredig
<pə-DREE-dig> [pəˡdreˑdɪg] adjective
1 rotten, putrid, decayed
Yr oedd yr hen dŷ a'r hen ysgubor yn adfeilion pydredig.
The old house and
the old barn were decayed ruins
ETYMOLOGY: (pydr- stem of pydru oblygu = decay, rot) + (-edig
suffix for forming a past participle adjective)
:_______________________________.
pydru <PƏ-dri> [ˡpədrɪ] verb
1 rot = cause to decay
pydru’n ddim rot away, diminsh and
disappear through a rotting process
2
rot = to decay because of the action of bacteria
Mae'r hen wynwyn ’na wedi pydru
Those onions have rotted
3
rot, rot away, collapse, degenerate
Mae hen ganllawiau cymdeithas yn pydru
The old rules of society are collapsing / rotting away
4
rot = languish, become weak through being deprived of freedom and kept in
confinement
Bydd dwsinau o bobl ddieuog yn dal i
bydru mewn carchardai
There are dozens of innocent people who continue to rot in prison
5
pydru mynd, pydru dod, pydru ymlaen
plod along
Roedd yn rhaid i'r postmon bydru ’mlaen
gorau gallai ar hyd y llwybr serth oedd wedi ’i orchuddio yn yr eira mawr
The postman had to plod forward as best he could along the steep path covered in
snow
6
pydru byw rot = languish, stagnate,
have a boring life
ETYMOLOGY: (pydr-, penultimate form
of pwdr = rotten) + (-u suffix)
NOTE: South-east Wales the w of the final syllable is retained,
hence pwdru. In the south-east, the
intial consonants “d, b, g” of the final syllable become devoiced “t, p, c”
> pwtru
:_______________________________.
pyg <PƏG> [pəg] (masculine noun)
1 pitch, tar
:_______________________________.
pyliau <PƏL-yai, -e> [ˡpəljaɪ, -ɛ] (plural noun)
1 fits, spasms; see pwl
:_______________________________.
pyllau <PƏ-lhai, -lhe> [ˡpəɬaɪ, -ɛ] (plural noun)
1 pools, coalpits; see pwll
:_______________________________.
pylni
<PƏL-ni> [ˡpəlnɪ] masculine noun
1 (blade) bluntness
2 dimness
ETYMOLOGY: (pyl- penult syllable form
of pwl = blunt, dim) + (-ni suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
pymtheg <PƏM-theg> [ˡpəmθɛg] (masculine noun)
1 fifteen
:_______________________________.
pymthegfed <pəm-THEG-ved> [pəmˡθɛgvɛd] (adjective)
1 fifteenth
:_______________________________.
pynciau <PƏNGK-yai, -e> [ˡpəngkjaɪ, -ɛ] (plural noun)
1 subjects; see pwnc
:_______________________________.
pyncio <PƏNGK-yo> [ˡpəngkjɔ] (verb)
1 compose spontaneous verses (for example, in a traditional wedding
ceremony, Mari Lwyd ceremony)
:_______________________________.
pynnau <PƏ-nai, -e> [ˡpənaɪ, -ɛ] (plural noun)
1 packs; plural of pwn
:_______________________________.
pynshiau
<PƏNSH-yai, -e> [ˡpənʃjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 plural of pwnsh (=
punch, tool for making small round holes)
:_______________________________.
Pŷr
<PIIR> [piːr]
1 Peter (in certain place names)
..a/ Maenor-bŷr (“court of
Peter”) SS0697 locality in the county of Penfro
English name: Manorbier
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS0697 map
..b/ Sain Pŷr ST5190 locality
in the county of Mynwy
English name: St. Pierre
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/69921 yr eglwys / the church
..c/ Ynys Bŷr (“island of
Peter”) (SS1396) island in the county of Penfro
English name: Caldy Island
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS1396 map
:_______________________________.
Y Pyreneau <Ə-PI-RE-NE-Ai,
-e> [əpɪrɛˡneˑaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 the Pyrenees.
See Y Pureneau (a better spelling, though not standard)
(However, “Y Pirinéw” would be a better Welsh name, using the Catalan
name for the mountain range)
:_______________________________.
pyrsau <PƏR-sai,
-e> [ˡpərsaɪ,
-ɛ] (plural
noun)
1 purses; see pwrs
:_______________________________.
pyrth
<PIRTH> [pɪrθ]
1 Plural form of porth =
gate, entrance
:_______________________________.
pysen, pys <PƏ-sen, -PIIS> [ˡpəsɛn, piːs] (feminine noun)
1 pea
y bysen the pea
2 pys hollt split peas
:_______________________________.
pysg <PISK> [pɪsk] (masculine noun)
1 fish (obsolete word) See pysgodyn
:_______________________________.
pysgod <PƏ-skod> [ˡpəskɔd] (plural noun)
1 fish (plural)
:_______________________________.
pysgodyn, pysgod <pə-SKOO-din, PƏ-skod> [pəˡskoˑdɪn, ˡpəskɔd] (masculine noun)
1 fish
pysgodyn cragen PLURAL pysgod cregyn shellfish
cragenbysgodyn PLURAL cragenbysgod shellfish
2
pysgod a sglodion <PƏ-skod a SGLOD-yon> [ˡpəskɔd a ˡsglɔdjɔn] fish and chips
3 (Carrasius carassius) byrbysgodyn crucian carp
(byr- <Ə> [ə] penult-syllable form of byr <I> [ɪ] = short) + soft mutation + (pysgodyn = fish)
ETYMOLOGY: (pysgod = fish, i.e. fishes) +
(yn = singulative suffix)
pysgod < pysgawd < British < Latin piscâtus
piscor, piscari, piscâtus (= to go fishing, to fish),
piscâtus is
a past participle (= fished)
As a noun piscâtus –us (m). 1 a catch of fish (literally, something fished), 2 fishes.
:_______________________________.
pysgodyn aur ‹pə-skOO-din air› [pəˡskoˑdɪn
ˡaɪr] masculine noun
PLURAL pysgod aur ‹pə-skod air›
[ˡpəskɔd
ˡaɪr]
1 (Carrasius
auratus) goldfish
ETYMOLOGY: ( pysgodyn = fish) +
(aur = gold)
:_______________________________.
pysgota <pə-SKO-ta> [pəˡskɔta] (verb)
1 to fish
2
cwch pysgota fishing boat
fflyd o gychod pysgota fishing fleet
llynges bysgota fishing fleet
3
llinyn pysgota fishing line
lein bysgota fishing line
:_______________________________.
pysgotwr, pysgotwyr <pə-SKO-tur, pə-SKOT-wir> [pəˡskɔtʊr, pəˡskɔtwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 fisherman
pysgotwr selog a keen fisherman
:_______________________________.
pysgysol
<pəsk-Ə-sol> [pəskˡəsɔl] adjective
1 fish-eating
ETYMOLOGY: (pysg- < pysg = fish) + (-ysol = -eating); (ys-
stem of ysu = consume) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
pysgysor
<pəsk-Ə-sor> [pəskˡəsɔr] masculine noun
PLURAL pysgysorion
<pəsg-ə-SOR-yon> [pəsgəˡsɔrjɔn]
1 fish-eating animal or bird
ETYMOLOGY: (pysg- < pysg = fish) + (-ysor = -eater, animal which eats);
(ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-or suffix
for indicating a an agent; from Latin -ârius,
in words taken from Latin (canghellor (=
chancellor) < cancellârius;
afterwards used as a suffix with native words– telynor = harpist)
:_______________________________.
pythefnos, pythefnosau <pə-THEV-nos, pə-thev-NO-sai, -e> [pəˡθɛvnɔs,
pəθɛvˡnɔsaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 (USA: two weeks) (Englandic: fortnight)
y bythefnos the fortnight
Celtic Religion in Pre-Christian Times / Author: Edward Anwyl / Year 1903 /
p.67: For the Celt the year began in November, so that its second half-year
commenced with the first of May. The idea to which Cćsar refers, that the Gauls
believed themselves descended from Dis, the god of the lower world, and began
the year with the night, counting their time not by days but by nights, points
in the same p. 67direction, namely that the darkness
of the earth had a greater hold on the mind than the brightness of the sky. The
Welsh terms for a week and a fortnight, wythnos (eight nights) and pythefnos
(fifteen nights) respectively confirm Cćsar’s statement.
:_______________________________.
Q, q <KYUU> [kjuː] feminine noun
1) seventeenth
letter of the twenty-six letter Roman alphabet
..1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 d 5 e, 6 f, 7 g, 8 h, 9
i, 10 j, 11
k, 12
l, 13
m, 14
n, 15
o, 16
p, 17
q, 18
r, 19 s, 20
t, 21
u, 22
v, 23
w, 24
x, 25
y, 26
z
2) (does not
appear in the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet)
..1
a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y 27 u, 28 w, 29 y
ʷ 0287 / ŷ
0177 / ŵ 0175
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