Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia
La Web de Gal·les i Catalunya
The Wales-Catalonia Website

Y Gwe-eiriadur
An Internet dictionary of Welsh for speakers of English

1580e A   | 2709e AR   |     1039e B   |   1735e BR   |   1018e C   |   1071e CE   |   1675e CI  |   1040e CR  |   1075e CY  |   1020e D   |   1674e DI   |   1072e E  |   1077e F  |   1021e G   |   1042e GW  |   1038e H  |   1676e HY, I, J, K,    |   1865e L   |   1022e M   |   1677e MI   |   1047e N   |   1600e O   |   1023e P   |   1073e PL   |   1026e R   |   1070e S   |   1024e T   |   1076e TR   |   1025e U,V   |   1731e W, X   |   1586e Y, Z  |

H, h ‹aich› feminine noun
1 ) eighth letter of the twenty-six letter Roman alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 d 5 e, 6 f, 7 g, 8 h, 9 i, 10 j, 11 k, 12 l, 13 m, 14 n, 15 o, 16 p, 17 q, 18 r, 19 s, 20 t, 21 u, 22 v, 23 w, 24 x, 25 y, 26 z
2) twelfth letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y

:_______________________________.

h
LOSS OF “H”:

This occurs at the beginning of the final syllable in derived words (1) or compound words
(1) derived: for example, in English, unwell derives from well

(2) compounded: in English, rail and way are compounded to form railway

Because of other changes (reduction of a diphthong in an independent word to a simple vowel) the original element with ‘h’ may sometimes be unrecognisable

anodd (= difficult) < anawdd < án-hawdd.
 This is an- (= negative prefix) + hawdd (= easy)
________________________________

The letter h devoices a preceding b, d, g.
This is especially noticeable in adjectives to which the superlative suffix -haf is added, or verbs formed from adjectives by adding the suffix -hau, and -hâd for forming nouns

(B + H) > P gwlÿb = wet > gwlýb-haf > gwlypaf = wettest;

(D + H) > T caled = hard > caléd-haf > caletaf = hardest

(G + H) > C teg = fair > tég-haf > tecaf = fairest

hael: (iudd, obsolete word = lord) + (hael = generous)
Ithel ‹i-thel› (= man’s name) < *Uthael < Iúdd-hael

haf: (gorffen = end) + (haf = summer)
Gorffennaf (= July; literally “ (the month) (of) summer’s end”) < Gorffénn-haf

-haf: (rhad = cheap) + (-haf = superlative ending)
rhataf (= (the) cheapest) < rhád-haf

..........(lled = wider, broader) + (-haf = superlative ending)
..........lletaf (widest, broadest) < lléd-haf

..........(teg = fair, beautiful) + (-haf = superlative ending)
..........tecaf (= (the) fairest) < tég-haf

haid: asgell (= wing) + haid (= swarm)
asgellaid (obsolete, word found in the Welsh Laws = swarm of bees on the wing) < asgéll-haid

harn: llwÿ (= spoon) + harn (= southern form of haearn = iron))
llwÿarn (South Wales) (= trowel) < llwÿ-harn

háu: (teg = fair, beautiful) + (-hau = verbnoun ending)
tecáu (= make fairer, become fairer) < teg-háu

haul: ar- (prefix = in front of) + haul (= sun)
araul (= sunny; sunny spot) < ár-haul

hawdd: an- (= negative prefix) + hawdd (= easy)
annodd (= difficult) < anawdd < án-hawdd

hesg: môr (= sea) + hesg (= sedge)

moresg < mór-hesg (= sea sedge)

hir: corn (= horn) + hir (= long)
cornir (= longhorned) < córn-hir

hil: eb (= horse, an obsolete word) + hil (progeny, lineage, race)
epil (= (animals) offspring, (humans) children; originally ‘young horses’) < éb-hil

hin: drwg (= bad) + hin (= weather)
drycin (= bad weather, storm) < drýg-hin

..........gwlÿb (= wet, rainy) + hin (= weather)
..........gwlÿbin South Wales (colloquially libin, lipin) (= wet weather, long spell of wet weather) < gwlýb-hin

hir: gwddf (= neck) + hir (= long)
gyddfir (= longnecked) < gýddf-hir

..........gylfin (= beak) + hir (= long)
..........gylfinir (= longbeaked) < gylfín-hir

..........main (= slim) + hir (= long)
..........meinir (= maiden; literally “slim and tall (person) “; also used as a proper name Meinir) < méin-hir

..........oes (= leg) hir (= long)
..........coesir (= longleggèd) < cóes-hir

hob: hanner (= half) + (hob = pig)
hanerob (= side of bacon) < hanér-hob

hon: awr (= hour) + (hon = this)
Northern Welsh rwan (= now) < awron < áwr-hon

..........nos (= night) + (hon = this)
..........noson (= evening, night; e.g. y noson honno = that night) < nós-hon
..........y waith (= this time) + (hon = this)
..........Archaic weithian (= now) < weithan < weithon < y wéith hon

hun: cÿnt (= first) + (hun = sleep)
cyntun (= nap, snooze) < cýnt-hun

hwch: hesbin (= yearling lamb) + hwch (= sow)
hesbiwch, sbinwch (= young sow which has not yet produced any young) < hesbín-hwch

hÿd: gŵr (= man) + hÿd (= length)
gwrÿd (= fathom) < gwr-hÿd

hÿl: ar- (= intensifying prefix) + hÿl (= element from the verb hel- = to hunt)
erÿl (= hunt, pursuit) (obsolete word) < ar + hÿl

hÿn: wedi (= after) + hÿn (= this)
wedÿn (= afterwards)

hÿnt: dwfr older form of dwr (= water) + hÿnt (path)
dyffrÿn (= valley) < dýfr-hÿnt

..........(carr- < car = cart) + (hÿnt = way)
..........cerrynt (obsolete) (= path, road)
..........carr-hynt > cerr-hynt (vowel affection, a > e caused by the y in the following syllable) > cerrynt (loss of the h)

..........eb (obsolete word = horse) + hÿnt (path)
..........Epÿnt (= mountain name, literally “horse path”) < Éb-hÿnt

hÿsb: haf (= summer) + hesb (= dry, feminine form of hÿsb)
Hafesb (river name, ‘dry in summer’) < Háf-hesb

-ha (qv) (verbal suffix) > -a

lloffa (= to glean, to gather fallen grains) < llawf-ha
(llawf, old form of llaw = hand) + (-ha, suffix for forming verbs)

In some other words there is no recognisable element. The h is lost at the beginning of a final syllable, but it is seen in compounds when the syllable with h is a penultimate syllable

angau (= death) < angeu < angheu
angheuol (= deadly, lethal)

aros (= to wait) < arhos
arhosol (= permanent)

brenin (= king) < brenhin
brenhinol (= royal)

cymar (= partner, spouse) < cymhar
cymheiriad (= spouses)

cynnar (= early) < cynnhar
cynharach (= earlier)

Or the h is present in the base form, where it precedes the tonic syllable, but it is lost in derivatives, wher it no longer does so

ymherodr (= empire)
-ol (suffix for forming adjectives)
*ymherodrol > ymerodrol (= imperial)
:_______________________________.

h

In south-east Wales, in the traditional dialect, the h was generally absent.



(delw 7475)

The street name Cwm-yr-wch (“Cwm yr Wch”) in Dynfant, Abertawe, might possibly be for Cwm yr Hwch “(the) valley (of) the sow / the pig.

:_______________________________.

h
1 There are examples in Welsh of an inorganic initial h (that is, an h which was not originally part of the word but has appeared later in its history)

.....(1) cyhoedd (= public) (cý|oedd > cý|hoedd)

.....(2) efo (North Wales, = with) > hefo

.....(3) erwÿdd (word from British, with elements equivalent to ar = before, gwÿdd- = to see) > o erwÿdd > o herwÿdd (= because)

.....(4) eusor > heusor (obsolete) (= shepherd)

.....(5) hardd is probably in origin a form of ardd (= high)

.....(6) ogi > hogi to grind (a knife), to sharpen (a knife)

.....(7) ugain: in the numerals 21-29 ar ugain > ar hugain
Example: tri ar hugain 23 (“three on twenty”)

.....(8) un (= one) > hun (= oneself)

.....(9) unan (= one, + diminutive suffix -an) > hunan (= oneself)

.....(10) uwdffon > wtffon > hwtffon (“porridge stick”) porridge spoon, one for stirring porridge

:_______________________________.

h
1 Some words with initial h- are from British words with initial s- (< Celtic < Indo-European)

This initial s- is to be seen in cognate words in certain other languages or preserved in words taken into English before the change s > h had taken place in early Welsh

..a/ Hafren (= river name, < Sabrîn-â). The ‘s’ survives in the English name “Severn”)

..b/ halen (= salt) and heli (salt water, brine) correspond to Latin sal (= salt), and in Germanic languages : English salt, German Salz. The Greek word had initial h- (hals = salt, as in halogen, halophyte)

..c/ haul (= sun) (cf Latin sol- = sun, and hence English “solar” ). The Greek word had initial h- helios (= sun)

..d/ hwch (= sow) < British sukk-, and in the Germanic languages – English sow, German die Sau (= sow).

(English hog is from Old Welsh, which explains the initial h-)

A similar change of s > h is to be seen in present-day southern Castilian (Andalucia): los viejos amigos (the old friends) “loh viejoh amigoh”

-h
1 (not present in the modern transcription of Biblical names in the Welsh Bible, though present in English, and in earlier spelling in the Welsh Bible)

            In order to indicate certain vowels in Hebrew, sometimes the consonant  h (and also y and  w) is used.In the case of h (which is not pronounced), the following combinations occur:  ah, eh, oh

In modern practice, final h (ה), unless vocalized, is omitted in transliteration

∆

Y Bibl Cyssegr-lan... Argraphedig... tros y Bibl Gymdeithas Frytanaidd a Thramor... (The Holy Bible... Printed... on behalf of the British and Foreign Bible Society...) M.DCCCLXVII (1857)

Dina: A Dinah merch Leah (Genesis 34:1)

Hanna: A dwy wraig oedd iddo; enw y naill oedd Hannah, ac enw y llall Peninnah (1 Samuel 1:2)

Lea: A Dinah merch Leah (Genesis 34:1)

Manoa: Aì enw ef oedd Manoah (Barnwÿr / Judges 13:2)

Manasse: A Joseph a alwodd enw ei gyntaf-anedig, Manasseh

Pennina: A dwy wraig oedd iddo; enw y naill oedd Hannah, ac enw y llall Peninnah (1 Samuel 1:2)

Sora: Ac yr oedd rhyw wr yn Sorah (Barnwÿr / Judges 13:2)

:_______________________________.

h in derived forms

In some words an h has been lost, but reemerges in derived forms (especially plural forms and conjugated verbs)

aros (“arhos”) (= to wait, to stop), arhosais (= I waited), arhosol (= permanent), arhosfan (= stopping place)

brenin (“brennhin”) (= king), brenhinoedd (= kings), brenhines (= queen), brenhinol (= royal)

cynnal (“cynnhal”) (= to support), cynhaliaeth (= sustenance)

cynnwrf (“cynnhwrf”) (= agitation), cynhyrfu (= agitate)

tymor (“tymhor”) (= season), tymhorau (= seasons), tymhorol (= seasonal)

:_______________________________.

-ha

1 verb suffix, especially in verbs with the sense of ‘seeking’ or ‘gathering’ (something), the suffix being added to the noun which is the material being sought or gathered

After the consonants g,b,d,f, the h devoices the consonant

B-HA > PA

D-HA > TA

blawd (= flour)
blota (= to beg for flour) < bláwd-ha

cardod (= charity, alms)
cardota (= to beg for alms) < cardód-ha

eisteddfod (= festival of Welsh culture)
eisteddfota (= to visit eisteddfods) < eisteddfód-ha

malwod (= snails)
malwota (= to go looking for snails, to gather snails) < malwód-ha

pysgod (= fish)
pysgota (= to fish) < pysgód-ha

y^d (= corn)
yta (= to beg for corn) < ýd-ha

F-HA > FFA

(llawf, old form of llaw = hand) + (-ha, suffix for forming verbs)
lloffa (= to glean, to gather fallen grains) < llawf-ha

G-HA > CA

cig (= meat)
cica (= to beg for meat) < cíg-ha

gwraig (= wife)
gwreica (= to seek a wife) < cardód-ha



After other consonants and after vowels as the h is lost and leaves no trace, and so it is as if the suffix is -a

adar (= birds)
adara (= to hunt birds) < adár-ha

cnau (= nuts)
cneua (= to go looking for nut, to gather nuts) < cnéu-ha

gwlân (= wool)
gwlana (= to gather wool; South-east: also, to daydream) < gwlán-ha

mwÿar (= blackberries)
mwÿara (= to go looking for blackberries, to go blackberrying, to pick blackberries) < mwÿar-ha

mynwent (= graveyard, cemetery)
mynwenta (= to go looking for graveyards, to look around graveyards) < mynwént-ha

siop (= shop)
siopa (= to go shopping) < sióp-ha
:_______________________________.

ha-
1 there is aspiration of an initial vowel certain possessive determiners
‘m (= my), ei (= her), ein (= our), eu (= their),
In this dictionary we mark this aspiration as ººººh
â’m ººººharian with my money, arian money
ei ººººhanrhegion her presents, anrheg present
ein ººººhallweddi our keys allwedd key
eu ººººhanifeiliaid their animals, anifail animal

:_______________________________.

ha ‹ha›
1 obsolete exclamation - calling attention

Sant Ioan 8:10 A’r Iesu wedi ymunioni, ac heb weled neb ond y wraig, a ddywedodd wrthi, Ha wraig, pa le y mae dy gyhuddwÿr di?
When Jesus had lifted up himself, and saw none but the woman, he said unto her. Woman, where are those thine accusers?

:_______________________________.

ha ‹haa› masculine noun
North Wales
1 summer See: haf

NOTE: in North Wales the loss of final ‹v› in monosyllables is common –
(1) gof (= blacksmith) > go,
(2) crÿf (= strong) > crÿ,
(3) prÿf (= animal, insect) > prÿ

:_______________________________.

haan ‹ haan ›
1 southern form of haen (= stratum, layer)
Usually spelt hân / ha’n
See aa

:_______________________________.

hään ‹ hään ›
1 south-eastern form of haen (= stratum, layer)
Usually spelt hên / hæn
See aa / haan

:_______________________________.

haca ‹HA-ka› [ˡhaka]
PLURAL hacas ‹HA-kas› [ˡhakaz, ˡhakas] feminine noun
1 haka = Maori war-dance
2 haka = kind of war-dance by New Zealand rugby players before a match

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English < Maori

:_______________________________.

hacsen ‹HAK-sen› [ˈhaksɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL hacs ‹HAKS› [haks]
1 (county of Ceredigion) whore

ETYMOLOGY: (hacs = prostitutes) < English hackes (= prostitutes); addition of the feminine singulative suffix -en

:_______________________________.

had, or hadau <HAAD, HAA-dai, -e> [hɑːd, ˡhɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (m.pl.)
1 seeds; see hedÿn

:_______________________________.

had adar <haad AA-dar> [hɑːd ˡɑˑdar] (masculine noun)
1 birdseed

:_______________________________.

haddef <HAA-dhev> [ˡhɑˑðɛv] masculine noun
1 (obsolete) home, abode, dwelling

2 Haddef house name in Ffordd Llanberis, Caernarfon (county of Gwynedd) (in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)

ETYMOLOGY: A variant of addef (= abode, dwelling, home.)

The initial h could be

EITHER a/ from the use of the word in a phrase such as “yn ei haddef” (“in her home”),

OR b/ an initial h which has occurred before an accented first syllable in certain words (hun, hunan = self; un ar hugain “one on twenty”);

OR c/ from the intensifying prefix hy- (hy-addef > h’addef)

Modern Irish has adhbha (= dwelling, abode; a literary word). There is also an Old Irish form which would have given *soadhbha in modern Irish had it survived, with initial so- corresponding to Welsh hy-, and so equivalent to Welsh hy-addef

:_______________________________.

hadlif <HAD-liv> [ˡhadlɪv] masculine noun
1 gonorrhea, clap

ETYMOLOGY: (had = seed, semen) + soft mutation + (llif = flux, flow)

:_______________________________.

hadlifol <had-LII-vol> [hadˡliˑvɔl] adjective
1 gonorrheal

ETYMOLOGY: (hadlif = gonorrea) + (-ol suffix)

:_______________________________.

hadu <HAA-di> [ˡhɑˑdɪ] verb
1 (verb with no object) go to seed, run to seed

2 (verb with no object) to seed, to sow = plant seeds

ETYMOLOGY: (had = llavors) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)
The corresponding Cornish form is hasa (= run to seed; to sow), and in Breton hadañ (= to seed, to sow)

:_______________________________.

hadÿd <HAA-did> [ˡhɑˑdɪd] masculine noun
North Wales
1 seedcorn, cereal grains for planting (wheat, barley, oats)
2 hadÿd tatws = seed potatoes

ETYMOLOGY: (had = seeds) + (ÿd = cereal)

:_______________________________.

hadysol <had-Ə-sol> [hadˡəsɔl] adjective
1 seed-eating

ETYMOLOGY: (had = seeds) + (-ysol = -eating);
(ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

hadysor <had-Ə-sor> [hadˡəsɔr] masculine noun
PLURAL hadysorion <had-ə-SOR-yon> [hadəˡsɔrjɔn]
1 seed-eating bird

ETYMOLOGY: (had = seeds) + (-ysor = -eater, animal which eats); (ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-or suffix for indicating a an agent; from Latin -ârius, in words taken from Latin (canghellor (= chancellor) < cancellârius; afterwards used as a suffix with native words – telynor = harpist)

:_______________________________.

haeddiant <HEIDH-yant> [ˡhəɪðjant] masculine noun
PLURAL haeddiannau ‹hei-dhi-A-ne› [həɪðɪˡanaɪ, -ɛ]

1 deserts, what one deserves, fitting punishment, comeuppance, just deserts, just retribution
cael eich haeddiant = get what one deserves, get one’s comeuppance, get what’s coming to you

2 due, what is deserved, recognition
rhoi ei ddyledus barch a haeddiant iddo give him the respect and recognition due to him

:_______________________________.

haearn <HEI-arn> [ˡhəɪarn] (masculine noun)
1 iron

2 hen heÿrn scrap metal (“old irons”)
prynwr hen heÿrn scrap merchant

3 haearnwerthwr ironmonger, hardware shop owner (“iron seller”)

4 ceffÿl haearn “iron horse” (ceffÿl = horse) + (haearn = iron)
..a/ (obsolete) (poetic) car
..b/ (obsolete) bicycle
..c/ (obsolete) train
..d/ andiron, fire dog

:_______________________________.

haearnaidd <hei-ARN-aidh, -edh> [həɪˡarnaɪð, -ɛð] (adjective)
1 iron

2 bod ewÿllÿs haearnaidd gan (rÿwun) have an iron will

3 anhaearnaidd non-ferrous
(an- = negative prefix) + (haearnaidd = ferrous)

metel anhaearnaidd non-ferrous metal

:_______________________________.

haearnfaen ‹hei- arn -vain› masculine noun
PLURAL haearnfeini ‹hei-arn-vei-ni›
1 ironstone = a stone containing iron ore

ETYMOLOGY: (haearn = iron) + soft mutation + (maen = stone)

:_______________________________.

haearnwerthwr, haearnwerthwÿr ‹hei arn WER thur, hei arn WERTH wir› (masculine noun)
1 ironmonger, hardware shop owner

:_______________________________.

hael ‹HAIL› (adjective)
1 generous
hael hyd at fai generous to a fault, excessively generous

:_______________________________.

haelioni ‹hei li O ni› (masculine noun)
1 generosity

:_______________________________.

haelionus ‹hei li O nis› (adjective)
1 charitable

:_______________________________.

haenellu ‹hei- nê -lhi› verb
1 to plate (metal)

ETYMOLOGY: (haenell = coating of metal) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

haeru ‹HEI ri› (verb)
1 claim
2 haeru cÿn profi to beg the question, to beggar the question = assume that something not yet put to the test is already proved (“claim before proving”)

:_______________________________.

haf, hafau ‹HAAV, HA ve› (masculine noun)
1 summer

2 heulsaf yr haf summer solstice

3 Cae-haf < cae’r haf = (“(the) field (of) the summer”, summertime field)
Street name in Pentrecátheral (county of Y Fflint)

4 ysgol haf summer school, summer conference

:_______________________________.

Haf ‹HAAV› (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name (= summer)

:_______________________________.

hafal ‹haa -val› adj
1 like, similar; equal

hafal i similar to, equal to

Does unman yng Nghymru hafal i Bowÿs am fagu arweinwÿr Cristnogol

There is nowhere in Wales equal to Powÿs for producuing (“nurturing”) religious leaders

2 (m) like, similarity, equal

ei hafal its equal, its like

gwerin ddiwylliedig y ddeunawfed ganrif, na fyddai mo’i hafal eto

the cultured common people of the nineteenth century, whose like will never again be seen

3 y sÿmbol ‘hafal’ the ‘equal’ sign

Robert Recorde (1510–1558), y Cymro o Ddinbÿch y Pysgod a ddyfeisiodd y symbol ‘hafal’

Robert Recorde (1510–1558),, the Welshman from Dinbÿch y Pysgod / tenby who invented the ‘equal’ sign

4 Cynhafal (saint’s name) “like a chief” (cyn- = chief, hafal = similar)

5 efelychu (= imitate) < hefelychu < (hafal = like) + (-ychu verb suffix). The y of the suffix causes the preceding back vowels, both a, to be be fronted to e (vowel affection)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British > Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish HAVAL, Breton HEÑVEL
Irish samhail (= likeness, resemblance)

:_______________________________.

hafan ‹haa -van› feminine noun
PLURAL hafnau, hafnoedd ‹hav -ne, -nodh›
1 port

Glanhafan street name in Solfach (Sir Benfro)

< glan yr hafan “(the) side (of) the port”

2 refuge, safe haven

bod yn hafan i be a haven for
Roedd Lloegr yn hafan i ffoaduriaid y prÿd hynnÿ England was a haven for refugees
England was a haven for refugees

3 hafan rhàg trethi tax haven

ETYMOLOGY: variant of hafn – made bisyllabic with the addition of an echo vowel in the final consonant cluster hafn > hafan,

cf dafn (= drop, raindrop) > (colloquially) dafan
ofn (= fear) > (colloquially) ofon
cefn (= back) > (colloquially) cefen

:_______________________________.

Hafan ‹haa -van›
1 house name = haven, safe haven
2 street name
..a/ Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
..b/ Maesyfelin (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

:_______________________________.

Hafan-deg ‹haa-van deeg ›
1 house name
2 street name in:
..a/ Aber-dâr (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
..b/ Blaendulais (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (“Hafan Deg”)
..c/ Coed-poeth (county of Wrecsam) (“Hafan Deg”)
..d/ Llanarthnau, Carmarthen (county of Caerfyrddin) (“Hafan Deg”)
..e/ Llanfair Caereinion (county of Powÿs) (“Hafandeg”)
..f/ Llan-sain-siôr (county of Conwÿ) (“Hafan Deg”)
..g/ Maes-teg (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (“Hafan Deg”)
..h/ Pen-coed (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (“Hafan Deg”)
..i/ Tanygrisiau (county of Gwÿnedd) (“Hafan Deg”)
..j/ Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint) (“Hafan Deg”)
..k/ Treuddyn, Yr Wÿddgrug (county of Y Fflint) (“Hafan Deg”)
..l/ Yr Wyddgrug (county of Y Fflint) (“Hafan Deg”)

ETYMOLOGY: “fair haven” (hafan = haven) + soft mutation + (teg = fair)

:_______________________________.

Hafanfa ‹ ha-VAN-va› [haˡvanva] feminine noun
1 (house name) haven

ETYMOLOGY: (“haven-place”) (hafan = haven) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)

 :_______________________________.

Hafannedd ‹hav-A-nedh› [haˡvanɛð] feminine noun
1 house name: “summer home”

ETYMOLOGY: (haf = summer) + (annedd = dwelling)

:_______________________________.

haf bach Mihangel ‹haav baakh mi HA ngel› (masculine noun)
1 Indian summer (‘the little summer of Saint Michael’) (Around Michaelmas on 29 September)

:_______________________________.

hafdref ‹ hav-dre› [ˡhavdrɛv] masculine noun

1 summer farm

Hafdre Place near Bronhelem, a farm 11 miles from Tregaron and 11 miles from Abergwesÿn. Described as a “winter shelter for sheep” in an online forum (03 April 07)

Craig yr Hafdre on the western side of the river Tywi, above Llyn Brianne, and west of the summit of Cefn Coch and Abergwesÿn (“crag of Yr Hafdre”)

Ynÿsawdre (ynÿs Hafdre) “(the) meadow (of the place called) Hafdre” is now Ynÿsawdre (colloquially Y Snawdra) in the county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr. The meadow is the squarish piece of land east of the Llynfi river where it joins the Ogwr river. The eastern boundary of this area is a street called Terfÿn Ynysawdre (“(the) boundary (of) Ynÿsawdre”)

Hafdre name of a house in at the southern end of the square in Tregaron, next to Gwestÿ’r Talbot

ETYMOLOGY: (haf = summer) + soft mutation + (tref = trêv, farm)

:_______________________________.

hafdÿ ‹ hav-di› [ˡhavdɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL hafdai ‹ HAV-dai› [ˡhavdai]
1 summerhouse = building in a park for shade and rest

2 (native laws) summer residence in uplands
Heol Hafdy street name in Llansamlet (county of Abertawe)

3 (Bible) summer house
Amos 3:15 A mi a drawaf y gaeafdy a'r hafdy; a derfydd am y tai ifori, a bydd diben ar y teiau mawrion, medd yr ARGLWYDD.
Amos 3:15 And I will smite the winter house with the summer house; and the houses of ivory shall perish, and the great houses shall have an end, saith the LORD.

ETYMOLOGY: (haf = summer) + soft mutation + (tŷ = house)

:_______________________________.

Hafesb ‹HAA-vesp› [ˡhaˑvɛsp] feminine noun
1 (in the county of Powÿs)

...(a) Afon Hafesb = SJ1109 stream in Maldwÿn (Powÿs).
See also Aberhafesb SH0792

...(b) Bedo Hafesb (fl. 1567-85) poet from Maldwÿn (Powÿs).

2 (in the county of Gwÿnedd)
...(a) Bro Hafesb street name in Llandderfel (“district of the Hafesb stream”)
...(b) Dewi Havhesp bardic name of an englÿn poet (David Roberts, 1831-1884) of Llanfor, Y Bala, who took his name from this stream near his home.

Comparison of the spelling Havhesp with the standard form Hafesb

..a/ the name has been respelt according to its etymology (it is a combination of “haf + hesb”, “summer + dry”). In such compounds the h is lost in the standard language. See the entry for h

..b/ there is an erronious ‘p’ (a spelling in use in the 1800s) instead of ‘b’,

..c/ “v” is used instead of “f”. This was a spelling reform advocated in the 1800s and adopted by some writers of the period.

...(c) Nant Hafesb SH9337 = stream in the county of Gwÿnedd (district of Meirionnÿdd)

ETYMOLOGY: “dry in summer”, winterbourne;
Welsh Hafesb, feminine form of hafÿsb < haf-hÿsb “dry in summer’,
(haf = summer) + (hÿsb = dry)

:_______________________________.

Hafnant ‹HAV-nant› [ˡhavnant]
1 (SH8046) stream in Aberconwÿ (county of Conwÿ)
2 street name in Winsh-wen, Abertawe (county of Abertawe)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘summer stream’ (haf = summer) + (nant = stream)

:_______________________________.

hafod, hafodÿdd [ˡhaˑvɔd, haˡvoˑdɪð] ‹HA vod, ha VO didh› (feminine noun)
1 summer pasture; summer dwelling at this place (in the uplands for the grazing of cattle between May and October). Sometimes it refers to lowland pasture which is unusable in the winter because it is flooded.

2 dairy

The English translation of the folk tune Hafod y Wraig Lawen listed in “The Cambrian Quarterly Magazine and Celtic Repertory” (1830) is given as “The Merry Dame’s Dairy”.

ETYMOLOGY: ‘summer place’ (haf = summer) + soft mutation + (bod = house)
:_______________________________.

Hafod-decaf ‹hâ-vod de-ka(v) ›
1 Street name (“Hafod Decaf”) in Y Pil (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

Originally the name of a summer farm (“Hafod-deca”, without the final ‹v›)
(See”HAFOD and HAFOTY in Welsh Place-names” / Melville Richards)

ETYMOLOGY: AS the name stands, it is “yr hafod decaf” (“(the) fairest summer-farm”)

(yr definite article) + (hafod = summer farm) + soft mutation + (tecaf = prettiest, fairest; superlative form of teg = pretty, fair)

But this is the final stage of a strange trasformation over the centuries, since the original form was Hafodwgan “hafod Wgan” (“(the) summer-farm (of) Gwgan”)
(hafod = summer farm) + soft mutation + (Gwgan man’s name)

..1/ Hafodwgan > *Hafodwga (unusual loss of final ‹n›)
Loss of a final n occurs in another Welsh word: cyfan (whole part, totality) > cyfa

..2/ *Hafodwga > Hafodyga (unusual alteration of tonic vowel ‹u› > ‹y›)

..3/ Hafodyga > *Hafodyca (in the south-east, ‹g› at the beginning of a final syllable devoices to ‹k›)

..4/ *Hafodyca > Hafod-deca The meaningless element dyca was adjusted to give deca (= fairest)

..5/ Hafod-deca > Hafod-decaf (the literary form of the superlative has final ‹v›, lost in colloquial Welsh. Here it has been ‘restored’)

:_______________________________.

Hafod-gau ‹hâ-vod gai›

1 place name

..a/ Blaenpennal SN6264 (county of Ceredigion)
..b/ Llanddeiniolen SH5466 (county of Gwÿnedd)
..c/ Llanenddwÿn SH5723 (county of Gwÿnedd)
..d/ Llanfair Talhaearn SH9270 (county of Conwÿ)
..e/ Llanfair y Creuddÿn SN6676 (county of Ceredigion)
..f/ Nantglÿn SJ0062 (county of Dinbÿch)
..g/ Ysbytÿ-ystwÿth SN7371 (county of Ceredigion)


(delw 7058)

ETYMOLOGY: Hafod-gau is possibly “empty summer farm” (There is another word cau meaning “enclosed”)

(hafod = summer place, summer farm) + soft mutation + (cau = empty, deserted, abandoned)
(See “HAFOD and HAFOTY in Welsh Place-names” / Melville Richards)

:_______________________________.

Hafodheulog ‹HAA-vod HEI-log›
1 farm in Castell-nedd ac Aberafan, west of Afon Cynffig and north of Mynÿddcynffig SS8484

See Hafoteulog

:_______________________________.

Hafod-las ‹hâ-vod laas›
1 street name in Pen-coed (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (“Hafod Las”)

ETYMOLOGY: “(yr) hafod las” ‘green summer pasture’
(yr definite article) + (hafod = summer farm) + soft mutation + (glas = green [vegetation]; blue)

:_______________________________.

Hafod-lon ‹hâ-vod lon›
1 sometimes in house or street names;

..a/ street name in Rhiw-las, Bangor (county of Gwynedd) (“happy summer farm”)

ETYMOLOGY: “(yr) hafod lon” ‘happy summer farm / summer pasture’
(yr definite article) + (hafod = summer farm) + soft mutation + (llon = happy)

:_______________________________.

Hafod-oer ‹hâ-vod oir ›
1 Hafod-oer (SH7615) Name of a farm in Y Brithdir south-east of Dolgellau

ETYMOLOGY: “yr hafod oer” ‘cold summer farm’
(yr definite article) + (hafod = summer farm) + (oer = cold)

(possibly it is ‘abandoned summer farm’ - in place names oer could possibly mean ‘deserted, abandoned’, as can ‘cold’ in English place names).

However nearby 2km to the west is (SH7824) Waun Oer (“cold moor”)

(See “HAFOD and HAFOTY in Welsh Place-names” / Melville Richards)

:_______________________________.

Hafod-wen ‹HAA-vod WEN›
1 locality in Shropshire (England)
English name: Marrington

2 locality in the district of Maldwÿn (Powÿs)
English name: Allport

3 street name in
..a/ Tonyrefail (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
..b/ Cwm-dâr (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

ETYMOLOGY: (“white summer farm”)
(hafod = summer farm ) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwÿn = white)

:_______________________________.

Hafodwenog ‹hâ-vod- we -nog›
1 See: Hafodwÿnog

:_______________________________.

Hafodweunog ‹hâ-vod- wei -nog›
1 See: Hafodwÿnog

:_______________________________.

Hafodwnnog ‹hâ-vod- u -nog›
1 See: Hafodwÿnog

:_______________________________.

Hafodwnog ‹hâ-vod- u -nog›
1 See: Hafodwÿnog

:_______________________________.

Hafodwÿnog ‹hâ-vod- ui -nog›
1 Place name: “summer farm abounding in lambs”

(This element is sometimes found altered as -wenog / weunog / -wnnog / -wnog)
..a/ Abersychan (county of Torfaen)
..b/ Caeo (county of Caeryrddin)
..c/ Castell-nedd
..d/ Llandysiliogogo (county of Ceredigion)
..e/ Llan-giwg (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
..f/ Llansanffráid (SN5167) (county of Ceredigon)
..g/ Lledrod (county of Ceredigion)
..h/ Melinau (county of Penfro)
..i/ Tre-lech (county of Caerfyrddin)
..j/ Uwchygarreg “Hafodwnog” (SH7693) 9km south of Machynlleth (district of Maldwÿn, in the county of Powÿs) (Noted in “HAFOD and HAFOTY in Welsh Place-names” / Melville Richards)

ETYMOLOGY: (hafod = upland summer farm, highland summer holding) + (wÿnog = abundant in lambs)

:_______________________________.

Hafoteulog ‹HAA-vo-TEI-log›
1 farm in Castell-nedd ac Aberafan, west of Afon Cynffig and north of Mynÿddcynffig SS8484

On the Ordnance Survey map as Hafodheulog

Coed Hafoteulog / Coed Hafodheulog woodland east of the farm “(the) wood (of) Hafoteulog / Hafodheulog”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/206064

ETYMOLOGY: Hafoteulog = hafod heulog “the sunny summer place”

(hafod = summer place) + (heulog = sunny)

This though is the present meaning of the name, but it is not the original meaning, since Hafoteulog < Hafotalog < hafod halog “muddy summer place”

(hafod = summer place) + (halog = muddy, filthy)

It seems that the name was changed to make it more pleasant.
:_______________________________.

hafotÿ ‹ha-VO-ti› (fm)

PLURAL hafotai ‹ha-VO-tai›
1 summer place

2 Found in place names in North Wales

.............................................

Hafodtÿ SH7969 Farm near Eglwÿs-bach, county of Conwÿ (though spelt incorrectly on the Ordnance Survey map as “Hafodty”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=332515 map

.............................................

Hafotÿ-boeth SJ0749 A farm near Brÿnsaithmarchog (County of Dinbÿch) (misspelt Hafotty-boeth on the Ordnance Survey map)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/360030 map

.............................................

ETYMOLOGY: “dwelling at the summer place” (hafod = summer place) + soft mutation + (tÿ = house, dwelling) > hafód-dÿ > hafotÿ. Where a final -d is followed by a d which is the result of a soft mutation of t, the result is (d+d > t).

NOTE: In some place names if occurs as Fotÿ (with the loss of the first syllable, a phenomenon very much present in Welsh)

NOTE: A feminine noun, as in Hafotÿ-boeth above.Since ty^ is a masculine noun, one would expect the compound to be masculine too.

:_______________________________.

Hafren ‹hav-ren› feminine noun
1 (SN8388)
Hafren o Afon Hafren = river in central and south Wales flowing into England.
It rises in Pumlumon in the county of Powÿs and flows eastwards through Llanidloes and Y Trallwng (Welshpool) into England. It discharges into Môr Hafren (Severn Estuary). It is the longest river on the island of Britain (676km)
English name: Severn, River Severn

Stryd Hafren Name of a street in Y Trallwng / Welshpool (English name: Severn Street)

Ffordd Hafren Name of a street in Y Trallwng / Welshpool (English name: Severn Road)

Heol Hafren Name of a street in Caer-dÿdd / Cardiff (English name: Severn Road)

2 Môr Hafren “(the) sea (of) Hafren” estuary known at one time in English as The Severn Sea, now the Severn Estuary

3 Hafren woman’s name, twentieth century. From the river name

4 Savernake, the name of a forest at Kennet in Wiltshire in the west of England, most likely derives from a British name which would give *Hafrennog in modern Welsh.

The river Bedwyn was probably known as *Sabrenn-â by the Britons, from which was derived *Sabrenn-âk- (with the addition of the territorial suffix -âk-), meaning ‘the district of the river *Sabrenn-â

5 Pont Hafren the Severn Bridge (= Pont Grog Hafren)

Pont Grog Hafren The Severn suspension bridge, from Aust (England) to Rogiet (Wales) opened in 1966

Ail Bont Hafren the second Severn Bridge, a cable-stayed bridge and viaduct opened in 1996. It is in fact four structures toghether –

Traphont Awstin / Aust Viaduct,

Pont Hafren / Severn Bridge,

Traphont Beachley / Beachley Viaduct (all in England) and

Pont Gŵy / Wye Bridge (which crosses the border).

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *sabrenn-â < Celtic *sabrinn-â.

The old name of “Abhainn na Laoi” (English: River Lee) in Corcaigh (Cork), Ireland, was Sabhrann

:_______________________________.

hafrÿn ‹ha- -vrin› masculine noun
1 “summer hill”

2 There is a street called Ffordd Hafryn in Baecolwÿn (county of Conwÿ)

3 There is a street called Brohafryn in Corwen (county of Dinbÿch) (bro = district)
“district of Hafrÿn, or of the summer hill”

ETYMOLOGY: hafrÿn < háf-frÿn (haf = summer) + soft mutation + (brÿn = hill)

:_______________________________.

Hafwen ‹HAV wen› (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name

ETYMOLOGY: `summer’ – (haf = summer) + (suffix –wen for forming female names)

:_______________________________.

hagr ‹HA gar› (adjective)
1 ugly

2 Llawer hagr hygar fÿdd Beauty is only skin deep
(“Many (an) ugly (one) (it-is) amiable that-is”)
(hy- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (car- < caru = to love)

:_______________________________.

haid, heidiau ‹HAID, HEID ye› (feminine noun)
1 flock, herd; swarm

2 haid o blant ‹haid o BLANT› crowd of kids

3 heidio ‹HEID yo› (verb) to swarm

4 dod yn un haid come in a large group

5 heitgar gregarious, fond of company
1900+; heitgar < héid-gar (haid = flock, crowd) + (-gar suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

haidd ‹HAIDH› (plural of heiddÿn)
1 barley

Hafod-yr-haidd SJ2138 farm in Llansanffráid Glÿn Ceiriog “(the) summer place (of) the barley”

:_______________________________.

hala ‹HA-la› verb
1 (South) to send

2 (South) hala rhwng pobl stir up trouble between people (“send between people”)
Cf (North) gyrru rhwng pobl stir up trouble between people (“drive / send between people”)

:_______________________________.

halen ‹HAA len› (masculine noun)
1 salt

2 bod fel penwaig mewn halen
(Cyfoeth o Sir Gâr = “wealth from the county of Caerfyrddin” / H. Meurig Evans / Llafar Gwlad 55, Gwanwyn 1997)
be packed like sardines in a tin (of many people in a confined space) (“be like herring in salt”)

Compare the Catalan expression “estar estrets com arengades” “be confined like herrings”

3 Sayings:
Gorau un enllÿn, halen The very best companage is salt

:_______________________________.

halio ‹HA lio› (verb)
1 tow
halio ymáith tow away

Mae’r frigâd dân wedi halio ei gar ymáith
The fire brigade has towed away his car

rhaff halio towrope

2 to masturbate

:_______________________________.

hallt ‹HALHT› (adjective)
Plural: heilltion
1 salted, salty

2 (water) salty, brackish, saline = containing salt

Mae’n well gan y psygodyn hwn ddŵr hallt y môr na dŵr croyw nant ac afon
This fish prefers the salt water of the sea to the fresh water of a stream and a river

Daeth dagrau heilltion i lawr ei gruddiau
Salty tears rolled down (“came down”) her cheeks

2 pickled in brine
cabej hallt pickled cabbage

3 preserved in salt
ysgadenyn hallt, pennog hallt, penogyn hallt salt cod
cig hallt salted meat

4 (figurative) sharp, severe, grave, grievous, pungent, bitter, vitriolic  

cwÿno yn hallt complain bitterly
Bu’n cwÿno’n hallt iddo gael cam He complained bitterly that he had been wronged

Mae’n hallt gan fy nghalon ddweud fod...
It grieves me to say that (“it’s bitter with my heart saying...)

Watcyn Fardd (John Jones, Hendy, Llanerfyl) won a three-pound prize in the Llangollen Eisteddfod of 1858 in an englyn which was an epitaph to Prince Llywelyn. The last two lines are
Marw yn Muallt, hallt fu hyn — Cymru a'i phlant
Hwy oll a wylant am eu Llywelyn.
Dying in (the territory called) Buallt, this was grievous – Wales and her children
They all weep for their Llywelyn

dadl hallt a fierce debate

ei dweud-hi yn hallt am rÿwun severely criticise somebody
ei rhoi-hi i rÿwun yn eitha hallt am wneud rhÿwbeth reprove / rebuke / scold somebody severely for doing something

cosbi rhÿwun yn hallt (am wneud rhÿwbeth) severely punish somebody for doing something

5 (of excessive price)
codi yn hallt am charge an exhorbitant price for
talu yn hallt am pay through the nose for, pay a fortune for; pay dearly for

6 COMPARISONS:
mor hallt â'r heli very salty ‘as salty as brine’
cÿn hallted â heli cig moch very salty ‘as salty as (the) brine (for salting) pork’

:_______________________________.

halog ‹HAA-log› adjective
1 polluted, contaminated, defiled, corrupt

Er nad ÿw dy wehelÿth yn bÿw mewn halog fÿd
(Twynog: Cyfrol Goffa y diweddar T. Twynog Jeffreys, Rhymni. Dan Olygiaeth Dyfed. 1912 / tudalen 49)
Although your kindred do not live in a corrupt world

2 miry, muddy

3 place names
(1) Beilihalog (in semi-Englished spelling as “Bailyhalog”, name of a Congregationalist chapel in Gwenddwr, county of Powys) (“(the) muddy farmyard”)

(2) Plwca Halog (“(the) muddy plot of land”) Lost field name, Y Rhath, Caer-dÿdd

(3) Rhÿdhalog (= y rhÿd halog, “(the) muddy ford”) farm south-east of Brÿnsadler ST0280 (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

NOTE: Since the combination (d + h) becomes ‹t› in Welsh pronunciation,

Rhÿdhalog > Rhÿtalog. In some place names after a word with final -d, there is a tendency to interpret the name as though it includes a personal name Talog

..1/ Rhÿdtalog SJ2355 in Sir y Fflint, 1 km north-west of Wrecsam) as if it were “(the) ford (of) Talog”; in fact it is a reworking of Rhÿtalog from Rhÿdhalog (= filthy ford, muddy ford)

..2/ Rhÿtalog (= y rhÿd halog, “(the) muddy ford” Llanarmon yn Iâl SJ1956 (county of Dinbÿch)

..3/ Coedtalog (“(the) wood (of) Talog”), a reforming of Coetalog < Coedhalog (= filthy wood, muddy wood) SH0510, in the district of Maldwÿn in the county of Powÿs

4 place names: in some instances, replaced by ‘heulog’ (= sunny) to rid the name of unpleasantness and to give it a more felicitous meaning;

Dolheulog, Aberaeron SN4562 (county of Ceredigion) (“muddy meadow > sunny meadow”)

(a street in the town perpetuates the name)

Hafoteulog (qv) SS8484 (< Hafotalog < hafod halog), Margam (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (“muddy summer pasture > sunny summer pasture”)

Moel Heulog, Llandderfel SH9837 (county of Gwynedd) (“muddy hill > sunny hill”)

Cf the English place name in Leicestershire Belgrave (“marten grove, grove of martens”) < Old English (meardh = marten) + (grâf = grove). In the Domesday Book as “Merdegrave”. For the Norman invaders who settled here the first element resembled French merde (= shit), so they replaced it with the element bel- (= fair).

5 Y Fanhalog (Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(1) Apparently: “the muddy place”
(y = the) + soft mutation + (man = place) + (halog = muddy)

(2) In fact, earlier forms show it be originally Y Fanalog, southern form of Y Fanhadlog – the broom place
(y = the) + soft mutation + (banhadlog = broom place)

fanhaddlog (instead of fanhadlog – dd instead of standard d) > fanha’log (loss of dd)

6 dihalog pure, undefiled, immaculate

ETYMOLOGY: (hâl = dirt, mire) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

halogwr, halogwÿr ‹ha LO gur, ha LOG wir› (masculine noun)
1 person who commits sacrilege

:_______________________________.

ham ‹HAM› (masculine noun)
1 ham

:_______________________________.

hambwrdd, hambyrddau ‹HAM burdh, ham BƏR dhe› (masculine noun)
1 tray (‘handboard’)

:_______________________________.

hamdden ‹ham -dhen› femení
PLURAL hamddenau ‹ham dhee ne›
1 leisure, leisure time

cael hamdden have leisure time

Nid wyf erioed wedi cael hamdden a chyfle i edrych yn fanwl dros Cilhaul Uchaf
I’ve never had the leisure time and the oportunity to examine Cil-haul Uchaf closely

2 oriau hamdden leisure hours

gweithgareddau hamdden leisure activities (hobbies; reading, gardening, sports, music, cinema etc)

canolfan hamdden leisure centre, sports centre

ETYMOLOGY: apparently hám-dden < *hán-dden (han- = separation) + soft mutation + (den- < denu = to attract)

:_______________________________.

hamddena ‹ha - DHEE -na›
1 take it easy, relax, lounge around
dillad hamddena leisure clothes, casual clothes)

ETYMOLOGY: (hamdden = leisure) + (-a suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

ha’n ‹ haan ›
1 southern form of haen (= stratum, layer)
Usually spelt (less correctly) hân
See aa / haan

:_______________________________.

Hanawt ‹hâ-naut› feminine noun
1 Hainault ‹Héinoot, Héinoolt› = province in Belgium;
The French pronunciation is ‹Éno›

:_______________________________.

hances, hancesi ‹HANG kes, hang KE si› (feminine noun)
1 handkerchief

:_______________________________.

hances boced, hancesi poced ‹hang kes BO ked, hang ke si PO ked› (feminine noun)
1 pocket handkerchief

:_______________________________.

hanerau ‹ha NE re› (masculine noun)
1 halves; plural of half

:_______________________________.

hanercen ‹ha-ner-ken› feminine noun
1 (county of Penfro) dwarf (female)

ETYMOLOGY: haner- (penult form of hanner = half) + (-cen = feminine diminutive suffix)

:_______________________________.

hanercof (nerco) ‹ha NER ko (NER ko) (adjective)
1 simple (‘half + mind’) ; reduced to nerco

:_______________________________.

hanercÿn ‹ha-ner-kin› masculine noun
1 (county of Penfro) dwarf (male)

ETYMOLOGY: haner- (penult form of hanner = half) + (cÿn = masculine diminutive suffix)

:_______________________________.

hanereg ‹ha-nê-reg› feminine noun
PLURAL haneregau ‹ha-ne-rê-ge›
1 (obsolete) half an acre
Found in field names, often in the form nereg (with loss of the pretonic first syllable, a common phenonenon in Welsh)

Hanereg field name in Llan-daf
John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernÿw), ‘Cardiff Records’, (compiled 1889-1911) notes: “The Hannereg. A close in the city of Llandaff (1755)”

1755. Coroner's Inquest taken at the dwellinghouse of Philip David, innkeeper, situate in the City of Llandaff, on 30 September 1754, on view of the body of Thomas Prees late of the City of Llandaff, aforesaid, labourer, found that the deceased, on the 25th day of August then last past, in a certain close within the said City, commonly called the Hannereg, died naturally.

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh hanereg < hanereg < haner- (in trisyllables, spelling of hanner = half) + (-eg = noun-forming suffix)

:_______________________________.

hanner, PLURAL hanerau, haneri ‹HA ner, ha NE re, ha NE ri› (masculine noun)
1 half

2 a hanner and a half (= half a previously named unit)
un stôn ar ddeg a hanner eleven and a half stone
cant a hanner one hundred and fifty

3 a hanner in intensfying a noun
cael hwÿl a hanner have a grand old time, have a really great time (“get fun and (a) half”)

4 mor fawr â as big as / hanner mor fawr â half as big as
cymaint â as big as / hanner cymaint â half as big as

5 (modifier before a verb) half-
hanner gwneud pethau do things by halves, half do things = do in an incomplete way

6 eu hanner half of them
Rhowch eu hanner i mi Give me half of them (“give me their half”)

7 (f) half an acre, a half acre, in field names

(a feminine noun, as erw = acre is feminine)

John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernÿw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911),

“HANER-CNAP (the half knob.) Half an acre at Canton (1713.)

HANER-FACH (the little half-acre.) A field in Canton (1713.)”

Hanner Cnap < hanner y cnap “(the) half acre (of) the mound”

Yr Hanner Fach “the little half-acre”

:_______________________________.

hanner-crwn ‹ha-ner-krun› adjective
1 semi-circular

ETYMOLOGY: hanner (= half) + crwn (= round, circular)

:_______________________________.

hanner ffordd ‹ha-ner fordh›
1 halfway
Capel Soar a saif heddiw ar seiliau ei hen gartref Tŷ’r Clwtwr - hanner ffordd i fynÿ’r brÿn o groesffordd Tonysguboriau i dref Llantrisant
Soar Chapel stands today on the site of his old home Tŷ’r Clwtwr - halfway up the hill from the Tonysguboriau crossroads to the town of Llantrisant

2 cwrdd â rhÿwun hanner ffordd meet somebody halfway, compromise

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) half (of) (the) road” (hanner = half) + (ffordd = road)

:_______________________________.

hanes, hanesion ‹HA nes, ha NES yon› (masculine noun in the North, feminine in the South)
1 history

2 story

3 Nid oedd hanes ohono There was no sign of him

4 holi hanes (rhÿwbeth) find out about, get an account of
Y diwrnod hwnnw aethom i Wales, Wisconsin, i holi hanes y Cymry yno
That day we went to Wales, Wisconsin, to ask about the Welsh people there

:_______________________________.

hanesÿdd, haneswÿr ‹ha NE sidh, ha NES wir› (masculine noun)
1 historian

:_______________________________.

hanfod ‹han -vod› verb

Now generally hanu as a verb
1 hanfod o, derive (from), issue (from), stem (from), originate (in)

2 (family origin) be from
Mae e’n hanfod o deulu cyfoethog yn nhre Caerfyrddin He comes from a rich family in the town of Caerfyrddin

3 (masculine noun) yn ei hanfod in essence, essentially, in its essentials
Mae Llyfr Du Caerfyrddin yn llawysgrif farddoniaeth yn ei hanfod

The Black Book of Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen is essentially a manuscript of poetry (i.e. rather than prose)

Dyna yn ei hanfod oedd achos y gynnen rhyngddo a person y plwÿf

That in essence was the cause of the dispute between him and the parish parson

ETYMOLOGY: (hân- noun now obsolete, = separation) + soft mutation + (bod = being; to be)

(The equivalent word for hân in Irish is the prefix sain- = special, specific, particular, characterisitic)

:_______________________________.

hanfod ‹han-vod› m
PLURAL hanfodion ‹han-vod-jon›
1 essence, quintessence
yr hanfod the main point

2 sine qua non, prerequisite, essential thing

3 hanfodion needs, basic needs

yn ôl at yr hanfodion back to basics

ETYMOLOGY: See hanfod (verb)

:_______________________________.

hanfodol ‹han- vô -dol› adjective
1 essential

ETYMOLOGY: (hanfod = essence) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Hanna ‹ha -na› feminine noun
1 Hannah = mother of Samuel (First Book of Samuel Chapter 1)

Samuel-1 1:15 A Hanna a atebodd, ac a ddywedodd, Nid fellÿ, fy arglwÿdd; gwraig galed arni ydwÿf fi; gwin hefÿd na diod gadarn yfais; eithr tywelltais fy enaid gerbron yr Arglwÿdd
Samuel-1 1:15 And Hannah answered and said, No, my lord, I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit: I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink, but have poured out my soul before the Lord.

In earlier versons of the Welsh-kangauge Bible spelt with a final h - Hannah
:_______________________________.

hanner, hanerau ‹HA ner, ha NE re› (masculine noun)
1 half

:_______________________________.

hapchwarae ‹hap-khwâ-re› verb
1 gamble

2 (masculine noun) gambling
y Ddeddf Hapchwarae The Gambling Act, The Gaming Act

ETYMOLOGY: (hap = chance) + (chwarae = to play)

:_______________________________.

hapchwaraewr ‹hap-khwa-rei-ur› masculine noun
PLURAL hapchwaraewÿr ‹hap-khwa-rei-wir›
1 gambler
hapchwaraewÿr y lóteri players of the lottery

ETYMOLOGY: (hapchwarae-, stem of hapchwarae = to bet) + (-wr agent suffix, ‘man’)

:_______________________________.

hapfasnachu ‹hap-vas-naa-khi› verb
1 speculate
hapfasnachu yn y farchnad arian rhyngwladol "speculate in the international money market

ETYMOLOGY: (hap = chance) + soft mutation + (masnachu = to trade)

:_______________________________.

hapfasnachwr ‹hap-vas-naa-khur› masculine noun
PLURAL hapfasnachwÿr ‹hap-vas-nakh-wir›
1 speculator

Agorwyd lefelau a phyllau bychan yn yr ardal gan nifer o hapfasnachwyr o Loegr Levels and small pits were opened in the area by a number of speculators from England

ETYMOLOGY: (hapfasnach-, stem of hapfasnachu = speculate) + (-wr agent suffix, ‘man’)

:_______________________________.

hapus ‹HA pis› (adjective)
1 happy

:_______________________________.

hapusrwÿdd ‹ha PIS ruidh› (masculine noun)
1 happiness

:_______________________________.

hardbord ‹ hard -bord› masculine noun
1 hardboard

ETYMOLOGY: English hardboard (hard) + (board)
cf Welsh cardbord (= cardboard) < English cardboard

:_______________________________.

hardd ‹HARDH› (adjective)
1 beautiful
Ni ellid dychmygu harddach merch
A more beautiful girl could not be imagined

2 diemwnt gyda’r harddaf one of the most beautiful diamonds

:_______________________________.

harddwÿch ‹hardh -wikh› adjective
1 splendid

ETYMOLOGY: (hardd = beautiful) + soft mutation + (gwÿch = splendid)

:_______________________________.

harglwÿdd ‹har-glui-dh› masculine noun
1 form of arglwÿdd with the prefix h (used after ’m = my, ei = her, ein = our, eu = their)

Timotheus-1 6:14 Gadw ohonot y gorchymyn hyn yn ddifeius, yn ddiargyhoedd, hyd ymddangosiad ein Harlwydd Iesu Grist
Timothy-1 6:14 That thou keep this commandment without spot, unrebukeable, until the appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ

:_______________________________.

harglwÿddes ‹har-glui-dhes› feminine noun
1 form of arglwÿddes with the prefix h (used after ’m = my, ei = her. ein = our, eu = their)

Ysgol Ein Harglwyddes name of a school in Bangor
(the) school (of) Our Lady

NOTE: This prefix is found after
(a) ei = (her);
(b) ein (= our), ('n as in a'n = and our, etc)
(c) eu (= their), ('u as in a'u = and their, etc)
(d) 'm (= my) (a'm = and my, etc)

:_______________________________.

Harlech ‹HAR-lekh› (feminine noun)
1 town in the north-west

:_______________________________.

harm ‹ harm › masculine noun
(North Wales)

1 harm = injury, damage, hurt
yn ddi-harm without harm

2 harm = moral injury, wrong
“Wela i fy hun ddim harm yn y peth.” I can’t see any harm in it myself

Yr ydych chi a Mrs. Harris yn credu nad oes dim harm rhoi glasiad o gwrw i'r tenantiaid hefo'u cinio rhent. 'Rydw innau'n credu mae'r ddiod gref yna sydd wrth wraidd bron holl drueni y wlad yma mewn rhyw ffordd neu gilydd,
Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (=Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910)
You and Mrs Harris believe there is no harm in giving a glass f beer to the tenants with their rent dinner (= the dinner given by a landowner after the annual paymwnt of rent.) I believe that strong drink is at the root of nearly all the misery in this country in one way or another

ETYMOLOGY: English harm < Old English hearm ‹harm›; obsolete German harm surviving in the word harmlos (= harmless, innocent, slight). The cognate word in Russian is sramotá (= shame)

:_______________________________.

harn ‹harn› masculine noun

1 southern form of haearn (= iron)

Merthÿrtudful once had a well-known landmark, until the local council in the 1960s allowed a property developer to destroy the historical central area, called Y Bont Harn (pronounced locally Y Bont ’Arn, as indeed this name would have been pronounced anywhere in the south-east, where the Welsh language lacks the [h] sound

:_______________________________.

harnin ‹har -nin› masculine noun
1 (county of Caerfyrddin) = heÿernin iron object

:_______________________________.

Harri ‹HA ri› (masculine noun)
1 (male) Harri

From this surname is the patronymic ap Harri (son of Harri) > (ap ’Arri) > a coalesced form Parri, a common surname, more familiar in its English spelling of “Parry”.

:_______________________________.

hau ‹HAI› (verb)
1 to sow

heuir it is sown

:_______________________________.

haul, heuliau ‹HAIL, HEIL ye› (masculine noun)
1 sun

2 cefn haul place shaded from the sun (“back (of) sun”) (cefn = back) + (haul = sun)

yng nghefn haul out of the sun’s reach

Yr oedd yn dyddyn bychan, gwlyb, oer, creigiog, anial, yn nghefn haul, ar ochr ogleddol y llechwedd serth hwnnw a elwir ‘Newydd Fynyddog.’
It was a tiny smallholding, wet, cold, craggy, barren, out of the sun’s reach, on the northern side of the steep slope called “Newydd Fynyddog”

gwegil haul place shaded from the sun (“nape (of) sun”)

3 yn wÿneb haul llygad goleuni in broad daylight (“in (the) face (of) (the) sun (in) (the) eye (of) light”)

4 codiad haul sunrise = rising of the sun over the horizon
“(the) rise (of) (the) sun” (codiad = rise) + (haul = sun)

Also: codiad yr haul
Gwlad y Codiad Haul The Land of the Rising Sun

:_______________________________.

haul- ‹hail › masculine noun masculine noun
1 First element in certain names of houses or streets. It is an incorrect form – the form of the penultimate syllable is heul-
Examples of such names followed by the correct spelling:
Haulfre > Heulfre (sunny hill)
Haulfryn > Heulfryn (sunny hill)
Haulfron > Heulfron (sunny hill)
Haulfan > Heulfan (sunny place)
Haulwen > Heulwen (sunshine)

:_______________________________.

Haulfan ‹hail -vron›
1 sunny place
House name or street name – an incorrect form. See Heulfan
Street name in Ffos-y-ffin, Aberaeron (county of Ceredigion)

ETYMOLOGY: (haul = sun) + soft mutation + (man = place)

:_______________________________.

Haulfre ‹hail -vre›
1 sunny hill
House name or street name – an incorrect form.

See Heulfre
“Haulfre Terrace”, Coed-poeth (county of Wrecsam)
(In Welsh, it would be simply Heulfre, or Rhestai Heulfre / Teras Heulfre)

ETYMOLOGY: (haul = sun) + soft mutation + (bre = hill)

:_______________________________.

Haulfron ‹hail -vron›
1 sunny hill
House name or street name – an incorrect form. See Heulfron
..a/ street name in Tonypandy (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (further misspelt as “Haul Fron”, as if two separate words)

ETYMOLOGY: (haul = sun) + soft mutation + (bron = hill)

:_______________________________.

Haulfrÿn ‹hail -vrin›
1 sunny hill

House name or street name – an incorrect form. See Heulfrÿn
It is found as a street name in the following places:

..a/ Bryn, Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
..b/ Brÿnmenÿn (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (further misspelt as “Haul Frÿn”, as if two separate words)
..c/ Caer-dÿdd
..d/ Clydach, Y Fenni (county of Mynwÿ)
..e/ Llwÿnbedw (county of Abertawe) (further misspelt as “Haul Frÿn”, as if two separate words)
..f/ Mynÿddcynffig (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
..g/ Pen-y-waun, Aber-dâr (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
..h/ Pontardawe (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
..i/ Pontyberem, Llanelli, (county of Caerfyrddin)
..j/ Rhosllannerchrugog (county of Wrecsam)
..k/ Rhuthun (county of Dinbÿch)
..l/ Sychdyn, Yr Wÿddgrug (county of Y Fflint)
..m/ Tregynwr (county of Caerfyrddin)
Also Stad Haulfrÿn, Llanfair, near Harlech (county of Gwÿnedd)

ETYMOLOGY: (haul = sun) + soft mutation + (brÿn = hill)

:_______________________________.

Haulwen ‹hail -wen›
1 sunshine
House name or street name – an incorrect form. See Heulwen
Street name
..a/ Cwm-dâr (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
..b/ “Haulwen Road”, Penpedairheol (county of Caerffili). (It would be Heol Heulwen in Welsh)
..c/ “Haulwen Road”, Y Cocÿd (county of Abertawe). (It would be Heol Heulwen in Welsh)

ETYMOLOGY: (haul = sun) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwÿn = white, shining). In modern Welsh haul is a masculine noun, but in older Welsh it was feminine

:_______________________________.

Havhesp ‹hav-esp ›
1 An idiosyncratic spelling of the stream name Hafesb (qv)
Dewi Havhesp bardic name of an englÿn poet (David Roberts, 1831-1884) of Llanfor, Y Bala, who took his name from this stream near his home.
Comparison of the spelling Havhesp with the standard form Hafesb
..a/ the name has been respelt according to its etymology (it is a combination of “haf + hesb”, “summer + dry”). In such compounds the h is lost in the standard language. See the entry for h
..b/ there is an erronious ‘p’ (a spelling in use in the 1800s) instead of ‘b’,
..c/ “v” is used instead of “f”. This was a spelling reform advocated in the 1800s and adopted by some writers of the period.

:_______________________________.

Hawau ‹hau -e›
1 (SO0558) locality 2km south of Llandrindod (county of Powÿs)
English name: Howey

ETYMOLOGY: ?from the English name Howey

:_______________________________.

hawdd ‹HAUDH› (adjective, irregular comparison)
Comparative: haws (= easier), hawsaf (= easiest)
Colloquial forms are regularised: hawddach (= easier), hawdda (= easiest)

1 easy

2 easy; with ei

un hawdd ei dwÿllo (m), un hawdd ei thwÿllo (f) an easy touch, somebody easily deceived (“one easy (of) his / her deceiving”)

hawdd ei anghofio (m), hawdd ei hanghofio (f) easy to forget (“easy its / his / her forgetting”)

rhywbeth hawdd ei ddarllen something easy to read

rhywbeth hawdd ei adnabod something easy to recognise

rhywbeth hawdd ei ddefnyddio something easy to use

rhywbeth hawdd ei ddeall something easy to understand

gwell paratói dogfen sÿdd mor hawdd ei chyfieithu ag sÿdd bosibl it’s better to prepare a document that’s as easy as possible to translate

bwÿd hawdd ei dreulio easily-digested food

hawdd ei weld (m), hawdd ei gweld (f) easy to see

hawdd ei drin (m), hawdd ei thrin (f) easy to treat, easy to handle, easy to manipulate

hawdd eich bÿd (qv)

3 Nid hawdd tynnu mêl o faen You can’t get blood out of a stone (“it is not easy to get honey from a stone”)

4 dilÿn y llwÿbr hawsaf take the line of least resistance (“follow the easiest path”)

5 hawdd gwneud â hi / hawdd gwneud ag e easy to deal with, easy to get on with

6 merch hawdd ei chael an easy piece, an easy lay (“girl easy her getting”)

7 arian hawdd easy money, money for old rope, money for jam

8 hawddamor (obsolete) (qv)

9 cael gwaith hawdd get a cushy job

:_______________________________.

hawddamor ‹hau- dha -mor› masculine or feminine noun
1 (obsolete) good luck

2 Occurs in the expression Hawddamor! Good fortune! Good luck!

Used in the University of Wales graduation ceremony
Hawddamor, wrda Good luck, worthy man
Hawddamor, wreigdda Good luck, worthy woman

3 Hawddamor
house name (in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)

4 (obsolete) farewell
canu hawddamor i say farewell to

ETYMOLOGY: (hawdd = prosperous) + (amor = fate, fortune, success)

:_______________________________.

hawdd eich bÿd ‹haudd əch biid › adjective
1 happy, contented
2 comfortably off, materially well off, quite well off

ETYMOLOGY: (hawdd = easy; pleasant) + (eich = your) + (bÿd = world, circumstances)

:_______________________________.

hawddfÿd ‹haudh -vid› masculine noun
1 comfortable circumstances, ease, happiness, prosperity

Er iechÿd, hawddfÿd a hedd - er urddas,
Er harddwch a mawredd,
Daw awr rhaid mÿnd i orwedd,
O dwrw bÿd i ddyfnder bedd
(tudalen 67 Englynion Beddau Dyffrÿn Ogwen, J Elwÿn Hughes 1979)
In spite of health, ease, and peace – in spite of dignity,
In spite of beuaty and greatness
The hour comes for the time to repose
From the bustle of the world to the depth of a grave

2 bod mewn hawddfÿd live comfortably

ETYMOLOGY: (hawdd = easy; pleasant) + soft mutation + (bÿd = world; circumstances)

:_______________________________.

hawddgar ‹haudh -gar› adjective
1 easy-going, easy to get on with, likeable, amiable

2 pleasant

Salmau 84.1 I’r Pencerdd ar Gittith, Salm meibion Cora. Mor hawddgar yw dy bebÿll di, O Arglwÿdd y lluoedd!
Psalm 84:1 To the chief Musician upon Gittith, A Psalm for the sons of Korah. How amiable are thy tabernacles, O Lord of hosts!

3 fair, lovely

Caniad Solomon 1.5 Du ydwÿf fi, ond hawddgar, merched Jrerwsalem, fel pebÿll Cedar, fel llenni Solomon
Song-of-Solomon 1:5 I am black, but comely, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, as the tents of Kedar, as the curtains of Solomon.

4 Brÿnhawddgar (“pleasant hill”) name of a street in Clydach, county of Abertawe

ETYMOLOGY: (hawdd = easy, agreeable, pleasant) + (-gar adjectival suffix)

:_______________________________.

hawddgarwch ‹haudh- gâ -rukh› masculine noun
1 affability, amiability

ETYMOLOGY: (hawddgar = amiable) + (-wch suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

hawl, hawliau ‹HAUL, HAUL ye› (feminine noun)
1 right

:_______________________________.

hawlfraint, hawlfreintiau ‹HAUL-vraint, haul-VREINT-ye› (feminine noun)
1 copyright
tor hawlfraint breach of copyright
cedwir pob hawlfraint all rights reserved (“every copyright is kept / is being kept”)
(The owner of an original work has five exclusive rights to it unless one or more of these rights are transferred to another person. These rights are adapting the work, making a copy or copies, displaying the work, performing the work in public, and publishing or otherwise distributing the work)

:_______________________________.

hawlio ‹HAUL yo› (verb)
1 to claim = demand something that one is entitled to

hawlio braint claim a privilege
hawlio budd-dâl claim benefit, claim a benefit payment
hawlio cael gwneud rhÿwbeth claim the right to do something
hawlio meddiant ar rÿbweth claim possession of something, lay claim to something
hawlio rhÿwbeth gan rÿwun claim something from somebody
hawlio rhÿwbeth oddi ar rÿwun claim something from somebody

2 to claim = take something from somebody as if by right
hawlio einoes rhÿwun claim the life of somebody
hawlio einoes sawl un claim the lives of many people

:_______________________________.

hawlfraint, hawlfreintiau ‹HAUL vraint, haul VREINT ye› (feminine noun)
1 copyright

(HAWL = right) + soft mutation + (BRAINT = privilege)

:_______________________________.

haws ‹HAUS› (adjective)
1 easier (see hawdd = easy)

:_______________________________.

hawsaf (hawsa’) ‹HAU sa› (adjective)
1 easiest (see hawdd = easy)

:_______________________________.

Haws dweud mynÿdd na mÿnd drosto ‹haus dweid mə-nidh naa mind dro-sto›
1 Easier said than done, Actions speak louder than words

ETYMOLOGY: (“(it’s) easier saying ‘mountain’ than going over it”) (haws = easier) + (dweud = saying, to say) + (mynÿdd = mountain) + (na = than) + (mÿnd = going, to go) + (drosto = over it)

:_______________________________.

Haws dweud na gwneud ‹haus dweid naa gwneid›
1 Easier said than done (said of something which is more difficult
to do than appears at first sight), Actions speak louder than words

ETYMOLOGY: (“(it’s) easier saying than doing”)
(haws = easier) + (dweud = saying, to say) + (na = than) + (gwneud = doing, to do)

NOTE: Colloquially:
(North Wales) Haws deud na neud
(South Wales) Haws gweud na neud

:_______________________________.
he-
1 there is aspiration of an initial vowel certain possessive determiners
‘m (= my), ei (= her), ein (= our), eu (= their),
In this dictionary we mark this aspiration as ººººh
â’m ººººhewinedd wirh my fingernails, ewin fingernail
ei ººººhenw her name, enw name
ein ººººheiddo our property, eiddo property
eu ººººesgÿrn their bones asgwrn, esgÿrn bone, bones

:_______________________________.

He ‹aich ee›
1 symbol for heliwm = helium

:_______________________________.

he ‹hee› feminine noun
1 he = fifth letter in the Hebrew alphabet, transliterated into the Roman alphabet as H, h

:_______________________________.

head ‹hê -ad› masculine noun
PLURAL headau ‹he- â -de›
1 sowing

ETYMOLOGY: (he-, stem of hau = to sow) + (-ad suffix for forming names)

:_______________________________.

heb ‹HEEB› (preposition)
1 without

(1) hebddo i ‹HEB dhoi› (preposition) (first person singular) without me

(1) hebddon ni ‹HEB dho ni› (preposition) (first person plural) without us

(2) hebddot ti ‹HEB dho ti› (preposition) (second person singular) without you

(2) hebddoch chi ‹HEB dho khi› (preposition) (second person plural) without you

(3) hebddo fe / fo ‹HEB dho ve / vo› (preposition) (third person singular masculine) without him

(3) hebddi hi ‹HEB dhi hi› (preposition) (third person singular feminine) without her

(3) hebddÿn nhw ‹HEB dhi nu (HEB dhint hui) (preposition) (third person plural) without them

2 Rw i heb wÿbod eto pam I still don’t know why (“I am still without knowing why”)

3 heb ddefnÿdd arno (m), heb ddefnÿdd arni (f) disused
lorri heb ddefnÿdd arni disused lorry

:_______________________________.

Heb.
1 abbreviation y Llythÿr at yr Hebreaid (The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to The Hebrews, in the New Testament)

:_______________________________.

heb- ‹heeb›
1 element with the meaning of ‘speak’ in certain compound words
ateb to answer
dihareb proverb
ebr (eb, ebe) she says, he says
gohebu â to correspond with, to write to
gwrtheb contradiction
hebu obsolete speak, say

ETYMOLOGY: related to Latin inquam (= I say)

:_______________________________.

heb air o gelwÿdd ‹heeb air oo gel -widh› adverb
1 no kidding, honestly,

ETYMOLOGY: “without a word of a lie” (heb = without) + soft mutation + (gair = word) + (o = of) + soft mutation + (celwÿdd = a lie)

:_______________________________.

heb amharu ar eich hawliau ‹heeb a-mha-ri ar əkh haul -ye› adverb
1 (law) without prejudicing one’s rights

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + (amharu ar = harm) + (eich your) + (hawliau = rights, plural of hawl = right)

:_______________________________.

heb arbed unrhÿw gost ‹heeb ar-bed in-hriu gost› adv;;)
1 with no expense spared

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + (arbed ar = save) + (unrhÿw = any) + soft mutation + (cost = cost)

:_______________________________.

heb betruso dim ‹heeb be- tri -so dim› adverbial
1 without a moment’s hesitation, without pausing to think

:_______________________________.

heb ddagrau ‹heeb dha-gre› adverbial
1 without tears = painlessly, easily

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dagrau tears, plural of deigrÿn = tear)

:_______________________________.

heb dderbÿn niwed ‹heeb dher-bin ni-wed› adverbial
1 unharmed

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (derbÿn = to receive) + (niwed = harm, damage)

:_______________________________.

heb ddim dan eich ewin ‹heeb dhim dan əkh eu -in› adjectival
1 clean, having nothing to hide
2 broke, poor, having no money

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dim = anything, nothing) + (dan = under) + (eich = your) + (ewin = fingernail)

:_______________________________.

heb ddim help ‹heeb dhim help› adverb
1 without any help

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dim = some, any) + (help = help)

:_______________________________.

heb ddim lol ‹heeb dhim lol› adverbial
1 (do something) and no nonsense

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dim = some, any) + (lol = nonsense)

:_______________________________.

heb ddim pensen ar eich elw ‹heeb dhim pen-sen ar əkh e-lu› adverb
1 without a penny to your name

ETYMOLOGY: (“without any penny on your profit”) (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dim = any) + (pensen = penny) + (ar = on) + (eich your) + (elw = profit)

:_______________________________.

heb ddim ysgol ‹heeb dhim ə-skol› adjectival
1 uneducated

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dim = some, any) + (ysgol = school)

:_______________________________.

Heb Dduw, heb ddim. Duw a digon ‹heeb dhiu, heeb dhim, diu a dî-gon›
1 Without God, we have nothing. To have God is to have plenty

ETYMOLOGY: (1) (heb = without) + soft mutation + (Duw = God),
(2) (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dim = nothing),
(3) (Duw = God) + (a = and) + (digon = sufficient)

:_______________________________.

heb ddweud gair o gelwÿdd ‹heeb dhweid gair o gê -luidh› adverbial
1 honestly, it’s not a word of a lie

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dweud = to say) + (gair = word) + (o = of) + soft mutation + (celwÿdd = a lie)

:_______________________________.

heb ddweud rhÿwbeth ar ei ben ‹heeb dhweid hriu-beth ar ii ben› adverbial
1 in not so many words, without saying it outright

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dweud = to say) + (rhÿwbeth = something) + (ar = on) + (ei = its) + soft mutation + (pen = head)

:_______________________________.

heb ddweud yr un gair ‹heeb dhweid ər iin gair› adverbial
1 without so much as a word

ETYMOLOGY: “without saying the one word” (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dweud = to say) + (yr un = the one) + (gair = word)

:_______________________________.

heb drafferth yn y bÿd ‹heeb drâ-ferth ən ə biid› adverbial
1 with no trouble at all, effortlessly

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (trafferth = trouble) + (yn y bÿd = in the world, at all)

:_______________________________.

Hebe ‹he -be› feminine noun
1 Greek goddess of youth, daughter of Zews (Zeus) and Hera

:_______________________________.

heb eich ail ‹heeb əkh ail› adjective
1 unique, second to none; in a class of its own, in a class by itself (“without your second”)
cefais groeso heb ei ail I received a welcome that was second to none, that couldn’t be equalled
cantores heb ei hail ÿw hi she’s a singer in a class of her own

:_______________________________.

heb eich gofÿn ‹heeb əkh gô -vin› adjectival
1 heb ei ofÿn, without asking for it, unsolicited

:_______________________________.

heb eich tebÿg ‹heeb əkh tê -big› adjectival
1 unique, without equal

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + (eich = your) + (tebÿg similarity)

:_______________________________.

heb ei fai, heb ei eni ‹heeb i vai heeb i ê-ni›
1 everybody makes mistakes; nobody’s perfect; to err is human

Mae rhÿwbeth ar bawb - heb ei fai heb ei eni Everybody is less than perfect - (“there is something on everybody”) - everybody makes mistakes

Also: Y sawl sÿdd heb ei fai sÿdd heb ei eni (“(it is) the one who-is without his fault who-is without his being-born)

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the person who is) without his fault (is) without his being-born”) (heb = without) + (ei = his) + soft mutation + (bai = fault), (heb = without) + (ei = his) + soft mutation + (geni = being born)

:_______________________________.

heb esgus da iawn ‹heeb e-skis daa yaun› adverbial
1 without a very good excuse

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + (esgus = excuse) + (da = good) + (iawn = very)

:_______________________________.

heb ewyllÿs, heb allu ‹heeb e- wə -lhis, heeb â-lhi› -
1 you can’t because you don’t want to, the only reason you can’t do it is because you don’t want to do it; where there’s a will, there’s a way (“without will, without ability”)

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + (ewyllÿs = will) + (heb = without) + soft mutation + (gallu = ability)

:_______________________________.

heb fagu’n llwÿr, heb fagu wÿr ‹heeb vâ-gin lhuir heeb vâ-gi uir› -
1 saying even if you’ve brought up children, you haven’t yet known the full the process of bringing up children until you’ve also brought up your grandchildren (“without raising completely, without raising (a) grandchild”)

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (magu = bring up, rear)

:_______________________________.

heb fanylu ‹heeb va- nə -li› adverb
1 without going into details

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (manylu = to go into detail)

:_______________________________.

heb fanylu mwÿ ‹heeb va-nə-li mui› adverb
1 without going into any more detail, in a nutshell

:_______________________________.

heb fawr o lwc ‹heeb vaur o luk› adverb
1 without much luck (“without (a) great (amount) of luck”)

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (mawr = big)

:_______________________________.

heb feddwl dim drwg ‹heeb vê-dhul dim druug› adverb
1 without meaning any harm (“without thinking anything bad”)

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (meddwl = to think)

:_______________________________.

heb fentro, heb ffafr ‹heeb ven-tro heeb fa -var›
1 nothing ventured, nothing gained; (of some challenge) - at least give it a try (because you might succeed) (“without venturing, without favour”)

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (mentro = to venture, to try)

:_______________________________.

heb flewÿn ar dafod ‹heeb vleu-in ar dâ -vod› adverb
1 without mincing words (“without a hair on tongue”)

:_______________________________.

heb ffys na ffwdan ‹heeb fəs na fu -dan› adverb
1 with no fuss, without any fuss (“without fuss or fuss / bustle”)

:_______________________________.

heb fod angen ‹heeb vood a -ngen› adverbial
1 needlessly

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (bod = to be) + (angen = need)

:_______________________________.

heb gyfri'r gost ‹heeb gə-vrir kost› adv;;)
1 without counting the cost (= without taking the risks into account)

ETYMOLOGY: “without counting the cost” (heb = without) + soft mutation + (cyfri / cyfrif = to count) + (’r < yr = definite article) + soft mutation + (cost = cost)

:_______________________________.

héblaw ‹he-blau› masculine noun
county of Ceredigion
1 overlap (of two tiles)

2 overhang (of roof)

3 surplus, excess

Ma fe’n héblaw It’s more than enough

4 héblaw rhaff slack of a rope

ETYMOLOGY: See hebláw

:_______________________________.

hebláw ‹he BLAU› (preposition) apart from
in the North, often as ’blaw ‹BLAU›

:_______________________________.

heb na siw na miw ‹heeb na SIU na MIU› (adverb) without a peep (out of her / him), without saying a word, explaining a thing

:_______________________________.

heboca ‹he-bo-ka› verb
1 go hawking

ETYMOLOGY: (hebog = hawk) + (-ha = suffix for forming verbs) > hebóg-ha > heboca

:_______________________________.

heboctÿ ‹he-bok-ti› masculine noun
PLURAL heboctai ‹he-bok-tai›

1 mew = cage for hawks when moulting

ETYMOLOGY: “hawk house”
(hebog = hawk) + soft mutation + (tÿ = house)
> hebóg-dÿ
> heboctÿ (g + d = ct)

:_______________________________.

hebog ‹he -bog› masculine noun
PLURAL hebogau ‹he-bo-ge›
1 bird hawk

ETYMOLOGY: Old English “hevok”; cf words in other languages meaning ‘hawk’ with the same Indo-European origin - Old Norse haukr, German der Habicht (háabikht), Polish kobuz; but Irish seabhac (shauk) is probably Old English hafoc ‹HAha-vok›, borrowed at an early period when in Irish a foreign h was replaced by s

2 Moel Hebog (SH5646), mountain near Beddgelert (SH5948) in the county of Gwynedd.

At first sight this is ‘hill (of the) hawk’. But earlier it was Moel Hedog, from Moel Ehedog = hill (of the) bird. Since the word aderÿn ‹a DE rin› is the usual word for bird, ehedog gradually passed out of use, and the clipped form of the name (hedog) was confused with hebog. The two are completely unrelated - ehedog is derived from the verb ehedu (= to fly), a word of Celtic origin, while hebog is from Old English hafoc ‹HAha-vok› (modern English hawk)

:_______________________________.

hebogaidd ‹he-bô-gedh› adjective
1 hawklike

ETYMOLOGY: (hebog = hawk) + (-aidd)

:_______________________________.

hebog tramor ‹hê-bog tra-mor› masculine noun
PLURAL hebogau tramor ‹he-bô-ge tra-mor›
1 Falco peregrinus = peregrine falcon

ETYMOLOGY: (hebog = hawk) + (tramor = foreign, overseas)

:_______________________________.

hebogÿdd ‹he-bô-gidh› masculine noun
PLURAL hebogyddion ‹he-bo-gədh-yon›
1 hawker, falconer

ETYMOLOGY: (hebog = hawk) + (-ÿdd = agent suffix)

:_______________________________.

hebogyddiaeth ‹he-bo-gədh-yeth› feminine noun
1 falconry

ETYMOLOGY: (hebogÿdd = falconer) + (-i-aeth)

:_______________________________.

hebog y gogledd ‹hê-bog ə go-gledd› masculine noun
PLURAL hebogau’r gogledd ‹he-bô-ge ə go-gledd›
1 Falco rusticolus = gyrfalcon

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) falcon (of) the north” (hebog = hawk) + (y gogledd = the north)

:_______________________________.

hebog yr ehedÿdd ‹hê-bog ər e-he-didh› masculine noun
PLURAL hebogau’r ehedÿdd ‹he-bô-ger e-he-didh›
1 Falco subbuteo = hobby

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) falcon (of) the skylark” (hebog = hawk) + (yr ehedÿdd = the lark)

:_______________________________.

heb os nac onibái ‹heb os naag o-nii-bai› adverb
1 without doubt, there’s no doubt, quite clearly

ETYMOLOGY: “without (an) if or (an) if-it-weren’t” (heb = without) + (os = if) + (nac = nor) + (onibái = if it weren’t)

:_______________________________.

Hebráeg ‹he BRAIG› (feminine noun, adjective)
1 (language) Hebrew

:_______________________________.

heb reswm yn y bÿd ‹heeb re-sum ən ə biid›
1 for no reason at all

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (rheswm = reason) + (yn y bÿd = in the world)
:_______________________________.

heb rithyn o amheuaeth ‹heeb ri-thinn oo am-hei-eth› adverbial
1 without a shadow of a doubt

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (rhithÿn = least particle; illusion) + (o = of) + (amheuaeth = doubt)

:_______________________________.

hebrwng ‹HE brung› (verb)
1 accompany

2 hebrwng i dŷei hir gartref bury (someone) (“accompany someone to his long home”)

Pregethwr 12:5 Ie, yr amser yr ofnant yr hÿn sÿdd uchel, ac yr arswÿdant yn y ffordd, ac y blodeua y pren almon, ac y bÿdd y ceiliog rhedÿn yn faich, ac y palla chwant; pan elo dÿn i dÿ ei hir gartref, a’r galarwÿr yn myned o bob tu yn yr heol
Ecclesiastes 12:5 Also when they shall be afraid of that which is high, and fears shall be in the way, and the almond tree shall flourish, and the grasshopper shall be a burden, and desire shall fail: because man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go about the streets

:_______________________________.

heb yr un bensen ar eich elw ‹heeb ər iin ben-sen ar əkh e-lu› adverb
1 without a penny to your name

ETYMOLOGY: (“without any penny on your profit”) (heb = without) + (yr = the) + (un = one) soft mutation + (pensen = penny) + (ar = on) + (eich your) + (elw = name)

:_______________________________.

hecterw ‹hek-te-ru› feminine noun
PLURAL hecterwau ‹hek-ter-we›
1 Patagonian Welsh hectare

ETYMOLOGY: Castilian hectárea (= hectare) + influence of Welsh erw (= acre)

:_______________________________.

hedbeiriant ‹hed-BEIR-yant› masculine noun
PLURAL hedbeiriannau ‹hed-beir-YA-nau, -ne›
1 An unusual word for airplane / aeroplane. The standard word is awyren (f), awyrennau

Cwrs Rhydychen Mewn Cymraeg, Llyfr Iaith, Cyfrol Cyntaf, Rhan 2, 1934. Tudalen 82.
A ellwch chwi yrru eroplên (hedbeiriant)? Can you fly (“drive”) an aeroplane?

ETYMOLOGY: “flying engine / device” (hed-, stem of hedfan = to fly) + soft mutation + (peiriant = engine, device)

:_______________________________.

hedd ‹HEEDH› masculine noun
1 peace

2 Bro-hedd House name in Ponciau (county of Wrecsam)
(in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1) (as “Bro Hedd”)
“land (of) peace” (bro = district) + (hedd = peace)

:_______________________________.

Heddfan ‹hedh-van › feminine noun
1 (house name) “peaceful spot”
House name in Cwmllynfell (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
(in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)

ETYMOLOGY: (hedd = peace) + soft mutation + (man = place)

:_______________________________.

heddferch ‹hedh-verkh› feminine noun
PLURAL heddferched ‹hedh- ver-khed›
1 literary word policewoman

ETYMOLOGY: (hedd = peace) + soft mutation + (merch = girl, woman)

:_______________________________.

heddgeidwad ‹hedh-geid-wad› masculine noun
PLURAL heddgeidwaid ‹hedh-geid-wed›
1 literary word policeman

ETYMOLOGY: (hedd = peace) + soft mutation + (ceidwad = keeper)

:_______________________________.

heddi’ ‹HE dhi› (adverb)
1 (South Wales) southern form of heddiw = today.

Also heddi > ’eddi (loss of initial h is typical in the south)

:_______________________________.

heddiw ‹HE dhiu› (adverb) ‹HEI dhiu›
1 today (South - heddi / ’eddi; north - heiddiw)

2 Heddiw piau hi, nid yfory Don’t put off until tomorrow what you can do today, Don’t leave until tomorrow what you can do today

:_______________________________.

heddlu ‹hedh -li› masculine noun
PLURAL heddluoedd ‹hedh- lî -odh›
1 police = police force; constabulary = police force of a town, district
un o heddluoedd Cymru on of the Welsh constabularies, one of the Welsh police forces

2 gorsaf heddlu police station

3 fan heddlu (American: patrol wagon, paddy wagon)
(Englandic: police van, Black Maria ‹məráiə› )

car heddlu police car

4 heddlu arfog armed police

5 heddlu puteiniaeth vice squad (“police (of) prostitution”)

ETYMOLOGY: “group (of) peace” (hedd = peace) + soft mutation + (llu = group, host, army)


(dewl 0032) Car heddlu ar feili gorsaf reilffordd Amwythig (Lloegr) Sul 10 Awst 2003
Police car on the forecourt of the station in Amwythig (Shrewsbury, England) Sunday 10 August 2003

:_______________________________.

heddlu cudd ‹hedh-li kiidh› masculine noun
PLURAL heddluoedd cudd ‹hedh-lî-odh kiidh›
1 secret police

:_______________________________.

heddus ‹hê-dhis› feminine noun
1 peaceful, pacífic, tranquil
2 Heddus woman’s name (rare)

ETYMOLOGY: (hedd = peace) + (-us = suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

heddwas ‹hedh-was› masculine noun
PLURAL heddweision ‹hedh- wei-shon›
1 policeman

ETYMOLOGY: ‘peace servant’, (hedd = peace) + soft mutation + (gwas = servant)

:_______________________________.

heddwch ‹hê-dhukh› masculine noun
1 peace = absence of war between groups of people
ceisio heddwch sue for peace, seek an end to conflict
dod yn heddwch (subject: hi) peace - return
.....pan ddaw hi’n heddwch when there’s peace once more, when the war is over
erfÿn am heddwch sue for peace, seek an end to conflict
gwlad mewn heddwch â’i chymdogion a country at peace with its neighbours
lili heddwch peace lily

2 peace = harmony between individuals
pibell heddwch pipe of peace
bÿw mewn heddwch live in peace, live in harmony

3 peace = public order, absence of disturbances in society
cadw’r heddwch keep the peace
gwneud heddwch make peace
tarfu ar yr heddwch disturb the peace
torri’r heddwch disturb the peace

ynad heddwch justice of the peace = local magistrate who may issue warrants or open investigations into an offence; or may act as a judge in a court of petty sesions (where less serious criminal offences are tried)

4 peace = peace treaty
Heddwch Versailles Versailles Treaty

5 peace, tranquillity, stillness = lack of disturbance, noise
cysgu mewn heddwch sleep in peace

6 peace = freedom from demands, requests, orders, etc
Da chi, blant, rhowch funud o heddwch i mi
For goodness sake, children, give me a moment’s peace

7 peace of mind = untroubled mind, lack of troubling thoughts or feelings of guilt; easy conscience

(Bible) Nid oes heddwch i’r rhai annuwiol There’s no peace unto the wicked.

From the sentence in:
Eseia 57:21 Ni bÿdd heddwch, medd fy Nuw, i’r rhai annuwiol
Isaiah 57:21 There is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked.

heddwch cydwybod peace of mind (“peace (of) conscience”)

8 (Religion) peace = eternal rest
heddwch i’w henaid God rest her soul (“peace to her soul”)
heddwch i’w enaid God rest his soul
heddwch i’w llwch God rest her soul (“peace to her dust / mortal remains”)
heddwch i’w lwch God rest his soul
.....Dw i’n cofio mÿnd heibio i’r capel, a’r hen Owen Huws - heddwch i’w lwch - yn gofÿn imi lle’r awn i
I remember going past the chapel, and old Owen Huws - God rest his soul - asking me where I was going

9 greeting in the Bible: peace be unto you; cf Hebrew “shalom (aleichem)” = peace (be with you)

Genesis 43:19 A hwÿ a nesasant at y gwr oedd olygwr ar dÿ Joseff; ac a lefarasant wrtho wrth ddrws y tÿ... (43:23) Yntau a ddywedodd, Heddwch i chwi; nac ofnwch: eich Duw chwi, a Duw eich tad, a roddes i chwi drysor yn eich sachau; daeth eich arian chwi ataf fi....
Genesis 43:19 And they came near to the steward of Joseph’s house, and they communed with him at the door of the house,... (43:23) And he said, Peace be to you, fear not: your God, and the God of your father, hath given you treasure in your sacks: I had your money....

10 (Bible) in parting dos mewn heddwch - go in peace

Samuel-1 1:17 Yna yr atebodd Eli, ac a ddywedodd, Dos mewn heddwch: a Duw Israel a roddo dy ddymuniad yr hwn a ddymunaist ganddo ef
Samuel-1 1:17 Then Eli answered and said, Go in peace: and the God of Israel grant thee thy petition that thou hast asked of him.

11 eisteddfod ceremony – the archdruid with a drawn sword asks the audience

A oes heddwch? (is there peace?) in crowning or chairing ceremony -
expecting an affirmative reply (heddwch), and then the sword is sheathed

12 tor heddwch breach of the peace

ETYMOLOGY: (hedd = peace) + (-wch = suffix)

:_______________________________.

heddychol ‹he DHƏ khol› (adjective)
1 peaceful

:_______________________________.

hedegog ‹he DEE gog› (adj)

1 flying

gwiwer hedegog flying squirrel



:_______________________________.

hedfan ‹HED van› (verb)
1 to fly

2 Fuwch fach gota – glaw neu hindda?
Os daw glaw, cwÿmpa o’m llaw;
Os daw haul, hedfana!
(Weather lore)
Ladybird – rain or fine weather?
If rain will come, fall from my hand
If sun will come, fly!

(The second person singular imperative is hedfan; generally in Welsh it is the same as the stem form of the verbnoun. Sometimes the stem form is the same as the verbnoun, as in the case of hedfan. But in recent times thers has been a tendency for the –a found in

3 Cleren o'r domen sÿ'n hedfan ucha “a fly from the dung heap flies highest” (said of someone of lowly beginnings who rises to a very prominent position)

:_______________________________.

hedÿdd ‹hê-dÿdd› feminine noun
1 clipped form of ehedÿdd = (Alauda arvensis) skylark, with the loss of the first syllable before the accented syllable (a very common feature in spoken Welsh)
Street name in Bangor: Brÿnhedÿdd for brÿn (yr) ehedÿdd “(the) hill (of) (the) skylark” (LL57 3HR)
NOTE: See: ehedÿdd

:_______________________________.

hedÿn ‹hê -din› masculine noun
PLURAL had, hadau ‹haad, hâ -de›
1 seed = plant ovule

2 pip = seed of certain fruits (apple, orange, etc)

3 small hard fruit of certain plants (such as wheat) which resemble seeds; had ÿd, also hadÿd seed corn, corn kept for sowing

4 propagative part of plants in the form of a tuber, spore, bulb; tato had seed potatoes, potato tubers kept for planting;

5 seed = germ, beginning, embryo, nucleus (figurative)
hedÿn crefÿdd newÿdd oedd y cwlt di-sail the baseless new cult was the seed of a new religion;
hadau anghydfod the seeds of discord

6 an inkling, an ounce, least amount
Pe bai yna hedÿn ymarferol ÿnddo... If he had an ounce of practical sense... (if there was a practical seed in him...”)

7 seed; hadau carwe = caraway seeds, hadau gwair = grass seeds

8 seed = crystal to produce crystallization

9 (ni) hidio un haden = (not) care a damn (“not care one seed”)

10 South-west Wales hadÿn (masculine noun), haden (feminine noun) flamboyant character, mischievous person

11 Bible seed = semen;

Genesis 38:9 Ac Onan a wÿbu nad iddo ei hun y byddai’r had (= teulu) ; Pan ele efe at ei wraig, yna y colle efe ei had ar y llawr, rhag rhoddi ohono had (= plant) i’w frawd And Onan knew that the seed should not be his, and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brother’s wife, that he spilled it on the ground, lest that he should give seed (= children) to his brother

12 Bible descendants, issue
had Abraham = the seed of Abraham

Salmau 25:12 Pa ŵr yw efe sydd yn ofni’r ARGLWYDD? efe a’i dysg ef yn y ffordd a ddewiso. 25:13 Ei enaid ef a erys mewn daioni: a’i had a etifedda y ddaear.
Psalms 25:12 What man is he that feareth the LORD? him shall he teach in the way that he shall choose. 25:13 His soul shall dwell at ease; and his seed shall inherit the earth.

13 hau hadau gwÿlltion sow one’s wild oats = be adventurous and promiscuous in one’s youth (“sow wild seeds”)

14 gwelÿ hadau, South Wales pâm hadau seedbed = place where seedlings are grown before being transplanted

15 comparisons: mor lluosog â had mwstard (“as numerous as mustard seeds”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *sat- < Celtic
from the same British root: Cornish haz = seed, had = seed. .The Germanic root sât- gave Old English “sääd”, modern English seed, German Saat

NOTE: the singular forms are based on the plural (or more strictly speaking, collective) had (= seeds); the suffix -ÿn is added.

Thus, hedÿn (= seed), with the normal affection of the ‘a’ under the influence of the ‘ÿ’ of the suffix.

However in the south the form is hadÿn - here in many words the affection doesn’t occur. In some dialects in Wales also haden (a form with the feminine diminutive suffix -en) .

In addition to the plural had, there is a double plural hadau

:_______________________________.

hefÿd ‹HE vid› (adverb)
1 also
2 a hefÿd and also...
Sometimes found incorrectly as ac hefÿd

:_______________________________.

heibio ‹HEIB yo› (adverb)
1 past
2 bwrw'r amser heibio while away the time
3 troi heibio ward off
troi perÿgl heibio ward off danger
troi heibio ddyrnodau (rhÿwun) ward off (somebody’s) blows

:_______________________________.

heicio ‹heik-yo› verb
1 to hike
2 clwb heicio hiking club

ETYMOLOGY: English to hike; origin unknown

:_______________________________.

heiciwr ‹heik-yur› masculine noun
PLURAL heicwÿr ‹heik-wir›
1 hiker = person who walks long distances for recreation

ETYMOLOGY: (heic-i-, stem of heicio = to hike) + (-wr, agent suffix, ‘man’)

:_______________________________.

heidden ‹hei-dhen › feminine noun
PLURAL haidd ‹haidh›
1 barleycorn, grain of barley

2 Siôn Heidden John Barleycorn, personification of malt spirits or of alcohol in general

3 gwneud clust fel hwch mewn haidd prick up your ears (“make (an) ear like (a) sow in barley”)

4 haidd perlog pearl barley

5 cae haidd barley field
Cae-haidd street name in Llanymynech (county of Powÿs) (“Cae Haidd”)

ETYMOLOGY: (heidd- penult form of haidd = barley) + (-ÿn suffix added to nouns to make a singular form out of a collective noun or plural noun)
Breton heizhenn (= grain of barley)

:_______________________________.

heidio ‹HEID yo› (verb)
1 to flock

ETYMOLOGY: (heid- penult form of haid = flock) + (-io verbal suffix)

:_______________________________.

heini ‹HEI ni› (adjective)
1 agile

:_______________________________.

heitgar ‹ heit -gar› adjective
1 gregarious, fond of company

ETYMOLOGY: 1900+; heitgar < héid-gar (haid = flock, crowd) + (-gar suffix for forming adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru = to love)

:_______________________________.

hel ‹HEL, HA la› (verb)
North Wales

1 send (in the South, the corresponding form is hala)

2 collect, gather
hel mêl i’r cwch feather one’s nest = make oneself comfortable financially (implies thinking only of oneself, ignoring the well-being of others) (“gather honey to the hive”)

3 hel gwynt i sachau try to do the impossible (“gather wind into sacks”)

4 in expressions meaning to ‘go off’
...a/ hel eich carcas (North Wales) ‹hel əkh kar-kas› “gather your carcass”
.......... Hel dy garcas oddi yma! = Get lost! Be off with you!

...b/ hel eich cymalau (North Wales) walk, get moving (“gather your joints”)

...c/ hel eich traed (“gather one's feet”) go away, go off
..........Rhaid imi hel ’nhraed I must be going, It’s time for me to go

5 ymhél â (rhywbeth) become involved with (something)
(ym- = reflexive prefix ) + (hel- = to send, to gather)

Colloquial forms: ymél, ’mhel; ymhela, ’mela; ymhelach, ymelach, ’melach
:_______________________________.

hela <HEE-la> [ˡheˑla] (verb)
1 to hunt
2 hela claps to gossip

:_______________________________.

helbul <HEL-bil> [ˡhɛlbɪl] masculine noun
PLURAL helbulon <hel-BII-lon> [hɛlˡbiˑlɔn]
1 trouble, affliction, problem

Byddai y cymydogion yn dyweud eu helbulon iddi fel plant yn siarad â'u mam
The neighbours would explain their problems to her like children talking to their mother

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

heledd <HEE-ledh> [ˡheˑlɛð] (f)
PLURAL heleddau <he-LEE-dhai, -e > [hɛˡleˑðaɪ, -ɛ]
1 salt pit

See Yr Heledd-ddu, Yr Heledd-wen below

 :_______________________________.

Heledd <HEE-ledh> [ˡheˑlɛð]
1 Ynysoedd Heledd (Scotland / Yr Alban) The Hebrides

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

Heledd <HEE-ledh> [ˡheˑlɛð] (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name

:_______________________________.

Yr Heledd-ddu <ər HEE-ledh DHII> [ər ˡheˑlɛð ˡðiː] (feminine noun)
1 Northwich, Cheshire



(delw 7484)

ETYMOLOGY: “the black salt pit” (yr definite article) + (heledd = salt pit) + soft mutation + (du = black)

:_______________________________.

Yr Heledd-wen <ər HEE-ledh WEN> [ər ˡheˑlɛð ˡwɛn] (feminine noun)
1 Northwich, Cheshire



(delw 7484)

ETYMOLOGY: “the white salt pit”

(yr definite article) + (heledd = salt pit) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwÿn = white)

:_______________________________.

Helen <HEE-len> [ˡheˑlɛn]
1 Helen (woman’s name)
2 variant of Elen Luyddog (“Elen of the Hosts”) from a noble family in Segontium (Caernarfon). She married Macsen Wledig (Magnus Maximus), born in the Iberian peninsula, who became commander of the Roman army in Britain and who in AD 383 went to Rome where he deposed Gratian and made himself Emperor, and became a Christian. It is said that Elen returned to Wales after Macsen’s death five years later, in AD 388.

The tale is preserved in “Breuddwÿd Macsen Wledig” (“the dream of Magnus (the) leader”) , written down around 1400 and forming part of the collection of twelve medieval Welsh tales known as the “Mabinogion”.

3 Sarn Helen name given to several sections of Roman road e.g. a section of Roman road north and south of Y Banwen (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1002617 Sarn Helen near Cellan, Ceredigion SN6448

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1226412 Sarn Helen near Llan-y-crwÿs, county of Caerfyrddin SN8447

:_______________________________.

helfa <HEL-va> [ˡhɛlva] feminine noun
PLURAL helféÿdd <hel-VEIDH> [hɛlˡvəɪð]
1 hunting ground

2 hunt = the finding, chasing and killing of an animal or bird

yn ystod yr helfa during the hunt

helfa lwÿnogod North Wales foxhunt

helfa gadnóid South Wales foxhunt

helfa abwÿd drag hunt, hunt in which hounds follow a trail previously marked with a object scented with aniseed dragged along the ground (“hunt (of) bait”)

3 hunt = a group organised to pursue and kill an animal or bird

Cyfarfu llawer o helfeÿdd ar hÿd a lled Cymru rhwng y Nadolig a Dÿdd Calan
Many hunts met between all over Wales Christmas and New Year’s Day

4 catch, haul; amount of animals / birds / fish caught

cael helfa dda catch a good quantity, do well (hunting, fishing) (“get a good hunt / catch”)

helfa o bysgod a catch of fish

tri brithyllÿn braf oedd ein helfa erbÿn hÿn
By now our catch amounted to three fine trout

Genesis 27:3 Ac yn awr cymer, atolwg, dy offer, dy gawell saethu, a’th fwa, a dos allan i’r maes, a hela i mi helfa
Genesis 27:3 Now therefore take, I pray thee, thy weapons, thy quiver and thy bow, and go out to the field, and take me (some) venison;

Luc 5:4 A phan beidiodd â llefaru, efe a ddywedodd wrth Simon, Gwthia i’r dwfn, a bwriwch eich rhwÿdau am helfa
Luke 5:4 Now when he had left speaking, he said unto Simon, Launch out into the deep, and let down your nets for a draught.

5 activity of looking for and picking fruits ; amount of fruit picked

ar yr helfa gyntaf on the first search (for blackbeerries, etc)

6 round-up = bringing together of scattered cattle

7 haul = thief’s booty

Fe fu’n teulu ni yn ysglyfaeth i’r giwed anweledig sawl tro. Radio y car a’r olwÿn sbâr fu’r helfa ddiweddaraf
Our family was the target of the invisible rabble on many occasions. The car radio and a spare wheel was the latest haul

8 North Wales telling off, rebuke, scolding

ETYMOLOGY: (hel-, root of hel = to hunt) + (fa, noun suffix denoting an action)

:_______________________________.

helfa dafarnau <HEL-va da-VAR-nai, -e> [ˡhɛlva daˡvarnaɪ, -ɛ] feminine noun
PLURAL helféÿdd tafarnau <hel-VEIDH ta-VAR-nai, -e> [hɛlˡvəɪð taˡvarnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 pub crawl, the act of going from one pub after another to drink in each one
(cf go on a pub crawl - hel tafarnau, crwÿdro tafarnau, mÿnd o dafarn i dafarn)

ETYMOLOGY: (helfa = hunt) + soft mutation + (tafarnau = taverns, plural of tafarn = tavern)

:_______________________________.

helfa ddewiniaid <HEL-va dheu-IN-yaid, -yed> [ˡhɛlva ðɛʊˡɪnjaɪd, -ɛd] feminine noun
PLURAL helféÿdd dewiniaid <hel-VEIDH-deu IN-yaid, -ed> [hɛlˡvəɪð dɛʊˡɪnjaɪd, -ɛd]
1 witch hunt, search for supposed witches in order to exterminate them and free people from the ills they are said to have caused

ETYMOLOGY: (helfa = hunt) + soft mutation + (dewiniaid = sorcerers, plural of dewin = sorcerer)

:_______________________________.

helfa drysor <HEL-va-DRƏ-sor> [ˡhɛlva ˡdrəsɔr] feminine noun
PLURAL helféÿdd trysor <hel-VEIDH TRƏ-sor> [hɛlˡvəɪð ˡtrəsɔr]
1 treasure hunt; a game where a ‘treasure’ or prize is hidden; a seeker of the prize starts with a clue which leads him / her to a place where a there is a note with a second clue; after finding a series of clues, the seeker arrives finally at the place where the prize is hidden;
bod ar helfa drysor to be on a treasure hunt

ETYMOLOGY: (helfa = hunt) + soft mutation + (trysor = treasure)

:_______________________________.

helfa gadnóid <HEL-va gad-NOO-id> [ˡhɛlva gadˡnoˑɪd] feminine noun
PLURAL helféÿdd cadnóid <hel-VEIDH-kad-NOO-id> [hɛlˡvəɪð kadˡnoˑɪd]
1 South Wales foxhunt = the pursuit of a fox by hunters on horseback and a pack of hounds in order to kill it for the pleasure of taking part in the chase and observing the death of the fox

ETYMOLOGY: (helfa = hunt) + soft mutation + (cadnóid = foxes, plural of cadno = fox)

:_______________________________.

helfa lwÿnogod <HEL-va lui-NOO-god> [ˡhɛlva lʊɪˡnoˑgɔd] feminine noun
PLURAL helféÿdd llwÿnogod <hel-VEIDH lui-NOO-god> [hɛlˡvəɪð lʊɪˡnoˑgɔd]
1 North Wales foxhunt = the pursuit of a fox by hunters on horseback and a pack of hounds in order to kill it for the pleasure of taking part in the chase and observing the death of the fox

ETYMOLOGY: (helfa = hunt) + soft mutation + (llwÿnogod = foxes, plural of llwÿnog = fox)

:_______________________________.

helfarch <HEL-varkh> [ˡhɛlvarx] masculine noun
PLURAL helfeirch <HEL-veirkh> [ˡhɛlvəɪrx]
1 hunter = horse for hunting

ETYMOLOGY: (hel-, stem of hela = to hunt) + soft mutation + (march = horse)

:_______________________________.

Helfetaidd <hel-VE-taidh, -edh> [hɛlˡvɛtaɪð, -ɛð] adjective
1 Helvetian, Swiss

ETYMOLOGY: (Helfet-, root of Helfetia (= Helvetia, Switzerland)) + (-aidd, adjectival suffix)

:_______________________________.

Helfetia <hel-VET-ya> [hɛlˡvɛtja] feminine noun
1 Helvetia [hel-vii-shə] = name of an Alpine region in Roman times corresponding to the north and western part of present-day Switzerland
2 Helvetia = Latin name for Switzerland (eg used on postage stamps)

ETYMOLOGY: Latin Helvetî (= name of a Celtic people of south-east Gaul)

:_______________________________.

helfeÿdd <hel-VEIDH> [hɛlˡvəɪð] plural
1 hunts; see helfa = hunt

:_______________________________.

helger <HEL-ger> [ˡhɛlgɛr] masculine or feminine noun
1 dispute, argument; fuss, bother; metathesised form of hergel (qv)

Ar ôl yr holl helger am golli ei waled, dyna fe yn ei ffindio yn ei siaced arall
After all the bother about losing his wallet, he found it in his other jacket

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh helger < hergel < obsolete English argle (= dispute)

:_______________________________.

helgi <HEL-gi> [ˡhɛlgɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL helgwn <HEL-gun> [ˡhɛlgʊn]
1 hunting dog, hound
2 haid o helgwn pack of hounds

ETYMOLOGY: (hel-, stem of hela = to hunt) + soft mutation + (ci = dog)

:_______________________________.

helgig <HEL-gig> [ˡhɛlgɪg] masculine noun
PLURAL helgigoedd <hel-GII-goidh, -odh> [hɛlˡgiˑgɔɪð], -ɔð]
1 game

2 trwÿdded helgig game licence, licence to sell meat from hunting

ETYMOLOGY: (hel-, stem of hela = to hunt) + soft mutation + (cig = meat)

:_______________________________.

helgwn <HEL-gun> [ˡhɛlgʊn] plural
1 hounds, hunting dogs; see helgi = hound, hunting dog

:_______________________________.

heli <HEE-li> [ˡheˑlɪ] masculine noun
1 brine, salt water
bwrw heli i'r môr do something which is completely pointless (“throw brine into the sea”)

2 sea water, sea

Maesyrheli street name in Aberaeron “(the) field (of) the sea”, field next tot the sea

Maes-heli < maes yr heli street name in Aberystwÿth

Craigheli house name, Pont-rhÿd-y-bont, Ynÿs Môn (“Craig-heli”) craig yr heli “(the) rock (of) the sea”, rock overlooking the sea”

Hafodheli house name, Pont-rhÿd-y-bont, Ynÿs Môn (“Hafod Heli”) hafod yr heli “(the) summer place (of) the sea”, “summer place overlooking the sea”

3 morfa heli salt marsh = ground which is covered with salt water from time to time and has phalocytic vegetation

4 mor hallt â'r heli very salty ‘as salty as brine’
cÿn hallted â heli cig moch very salty ‘as salty as (the) brine (for salting) pork’

5 pwll heli oceanarium = large aquarium for marine life

6 pwll heli brine pool, salt pool

Pwllheli (SH3735) locality in the county of Gwÿnedd

Llifai’r llanw i‘r man isel, y Gors, sydd rhwng Stryd King’s Head a Phentrepoeth, i roi ini’r “pwll heli”
Ar Hÿd Ben ‘Rallt / Elfed Gruffÿdd / Llyfrau Llafar Gwlad / Rhif 42 / Gwasg Carreg Walch, Llanrwst / 1991 / tudalen 99
The tide flowed into the low-lying spot, Y Gors (“the marsh”), between King’s Head Street and Pentre-poeth, to give us the “pwll heli” (brine pool)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh heli < British *salî < *sal (= salt, saltwater) < Celtic

:_______________________________.

heliwr ‹HEL-yur› [ˡhɛljʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL helwÿr ‹HEL-wir› [ˡhɛlwɪr]
1 hunter, huntsman

2 Tafarn yr Heliwr tavern in Nefÿn, in English “the Sportsman Inn”

“(the) tavern (of) the hunter”

ETYMOLOGY: (hel-, stem of hela = to hunt) + soft mutation + (cig = meat)

:_______________________________.

helltni <HELHT-ni> [ˡhɛɬtnɪ] masculine noun
1 saltiness

ETYMOLOGY: (hallt = salt) + (-ni suffix); the final ‹i› has caused the change ‹a› > ‹e›, which is characteristic in Welsh (vowel affection)

:_______________________________.

helm <HELM> [hɛlm] (f)
PLURAL helmau <HELHEL-mai> [ˡhɛlmaɪ]
1 helmet

Samuel-1 27:5 A helm o bres ar ei ben, a llurig emog a wisgai: a phwys y llurig oedd bum mil o siclau pres.

Samuel-1 27:5 And he had an helmet of brass upon his head, and he was armed with a coat of mail; and the weight of the coat was five thousand shekels of brass.

Jeremeia 46:4 Cenglwch y meirch, ac ewch arnÿnt; sefwch yn eich helmau, gloÿwch y gwaÿwffÿn, gwisgwch y llurigau
Jeremiah 46:4 Harness the horses; and get up, ye horsemen, and stand forth with your helmets; furbish the spears, and put on the brigadines

NOTE: The modern Welsh word is helmed, helmedi / helmedau

ETYMOLOGY: Middle English helm (= helmet) < Old English. Related to Old English helan (= to cover), Grman hüllen (= to wrap, to shroud, to envelope)

Cf German der Helm (= helmet), Dutch helm (= helmet)

:_______________________________.

helm (helem) <HELM, HEE-lem> [hɛlm, ˡheˑlɛm] (f)

PLURAL helmi, helmÿdd <HEL-mi, HEL-midh> [ˡhɛlmɪ, ˡhɛlmɪð]

1 corn stack 

2 (Ceredigion) Mae hi fel helem (said of a fat woman) She’s immense (“she’s like a corn stack”)

3 Pencaerhelem SN9953 A farm near Cilmeri, Powÿs

pen cae’r helem “(the) top / end / edge (of) Cae’r Helem”
cae’r helem “(the) field (of) the corn stack”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1056190

.........................

Maesyrhelem SO0875 Farm south-west of Llanbadarn Fynÿdd, Powÿs
maes yr helem “(the) field (of) the corn stack”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/154485

ETYMOLOGY: Probably helm (= helmet), used metaphorically

NOTE: The Dialect of the West of England Particularly Somersetshire by James Jennings 1869. Helm. s[ubstantive] Wheat straw prepared for thatching.

(Though identical in form, the meaning of this word noted in 1869 is not the same as that of the Welsh word; it is probably an unrelated word)

NOTE: South-east Wales – helmau > ’elma

:_______________________________.

helm <HELM> [hɛlm] (f)

PLURAL helmÿdd, helmau <HEL-midh, HEL-mai> [ˡhɛlmɪð, ˡhɛlmaɪ]

1 open hayshed (a shed for storing hay having no walls – merely four corner posts and a roof)

ETYMOLOGY: Dialect English helm (= a shed in a field; hut)

:_______________________________.

hel merched (North Wales) <hel MER-khed> [hɛl ˡmɛrxɛd] (verb)
1 be a ladies’ man

:_______________________________.

helo <HE-lo> [ˡhɛlɔ] (phrase)
1 hello

:_______________________________.

help <HELP> [hɛlp] (masculine noun)
1 help

:_______________________________.

helpu <HEL-pi> [ˡhɛlpɪ] (verb)
1 to help

2 -Allwch chi fy helpu os gwelwch yn dda?
-Galla, siwr o fod
-Can you help me?
-Yes, certainly

:_______________________________.

helpu eich corff / helpu’ch corff <HEL-pikh KORF> [ˡhɛlpɪx ˡkɔrf]
1 defecate

Yr oedd Ysgol heb fod ymhell o'r dre a'r plant yn helpu eu cÿrff mewn pwcedi budron; nid oedd gan y Cyngor arian i roi 'water closet' i'r plant ond eto yn medru gwario i gael Tywysog o Sais i'r dref
Cerddi ac Atgofion Twm Bethel, T H Jones, 1976, tudalen 41
There was a school not far from the town where the children defecated in dirty buckets, the Council had no money to give the children a ‘water closet’ and yet was able to spend to bring an English price to the town

ETYMOLOGY: “help your body” (helpu = help) + (eich = your) + (corff = body)

:_______________________________.

Helygain <he-LƏ-gain, -gen> [hɛˡləgaɪn, -ɛn]
1 (SJ2171) locality in the county of Y Fflint, 5km south-east of Treffynnon
Local form: Lygan <LƏ-gan> [ˡləgan] with the loss of the first syllable, and with final <ai> [aɪ] > <a> [a] , a peculiarity of the county of Y Fflint and which is more characteristic of the dialect of the north-west. The county of Y Fflint is in north-east Wales, the majority of which has <ai> [aɪ] > <e> [ɛ]
English name: Halkyn

2 a parish at this place

3 (SJ1872) Mynÿdd Helygain high land west of Helygain, with remains of lead mines and quarries
English name: Halkin Mountain

4 SJ2072 Pentre Helygain hamlet 1 km north-west of Helygain on the road to Treffynnon

5 Maeslygan (“(the) field (of) Helygain”) name of a street (“Maes Lygan”) in the village of Pentrehelygain
(Lygan <LƏ-gan> [ˡləgan] is the local form of Helygain)

ETYMOLOGY: ??
NOTE: In this part of the north-east a final <e> [ɛ] becomes <a> [a] , as in the north-west; thus, Helygain <he-LƏ-gain> [hɛˡləgaɪn] > Helygen <he-LƏ-gen> [hɛˡləgɛn] > (He)lygan <(he-)LƏ-gan> [(hɛ)ˡləgan]

:_______________________________.

helygen <he-LƏ-gen> [hɛˡləgɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL helÿg <HEE-lig> [ˡheˑlɪg]
1 (Salix alba) willow, wilow tree
pren helÿg (m) (prennau helÿg) willow tree
coeden helÿg (f) (coed helÿg) willow tree
helygen y gwinllannoedd willow tree (“willow of the plantations”)

2 helygen wÿlofus (Salix babylonica) weeping willow, Asian willow tree with drooping branches

3 llwÿn helÿg willow grove, willow bed
helyglwÿn willow grove, willow bed

4 Dôlhelÿg < dôl yr helÿg (“(the) river-meadow (of) the willows”)
Street name, Tal-y-bont, by Bangor (Gwynëdd)
Also drÿw'r helÿg “wren (of) the willow trees”

5 telor yr helÿg (Phylloscopus trochilus) willow warbler “warbler (of) the willow trees”
Also drÿw'r helÿg “wren (of) the willow trees”

6 corhelygen (corhelÿg)
(Salix repens) creeping willow

“dwarf hazel tree” (cor- prefix = dwarf, small) + (helygen = hazel tree)

7 helygen Awstria
(Salix mielichhoferi)
Austrian willow

8 helygen aflymddail
(Salix retusa)
retuse-leaved willow

9 helygen amhéus
(Salix ambigua)
ambiguous willow

10 helygen Apua
(Salix crataegifolia)
Apuan willow

11 helygen ariannaidd
(Salix argentea)
silky sand willow

12 helygen aur
(Salix alba var. vitellina)
golden willow

13 helygen Bábilon
(Salix babylonica)
weeping willow
See: helygen wylofus

14 helygen Bedford
(Salix fragilis var. russelliana)
Bedford willow
See: helygen y Dug

15 helygen beraroglaidd
(Salix pentandra)
bay willow (also laurel-leaved willow, sweet willow)

16 helygen bêr (helÿg pêr)
(Salix pentandra)
bay willow (also laurel-leaved willow)
See: helygen beraroglaidd

17 helygen borffor (helÿg porffor)
(Salix daphnoides)
violet willow

18 helygen dail llus
(Salix myrsinifolia)
whortle-leaved willow (“willow (of) leaves (of) bilberries”)

19 helygen dail-te
(Salix phylicifolia)
Tea-leaved willow (“willow (of) leaves (of) tea”)

20 helygen ddu (helÿg duon)
(Salix triandra)
almond willow (“black willow”)
See: helygen trigwryw

21 helygen ddu (helÿg duon)
(Salix nigra) (“black willow”)
black willow

22 helygen drigwryw hirddail (helÿg trigwryw hirddail)
(Salix triandra) almond willow
See: helygen trigwryw

23 helygen drigwryw (helygen trigwryw)
(Salix triandra)
almond willow, long-leaved triandrous willow, French willow (“three-male willow”)

24 helygen dywyll (helÿg tywyll)
(Salix nigricans)
dark-leaved willow

25 helygen euraidd
(Salix alba ssp. vitellina)
golden willow (“golden willow”)

26 helygen fach y mynydd (helÿg bach y mynydd)
(Salix arbuscula)
Mountain willow (“(the) little willow (of) the upland”)

27 helygen fân-ddanheddog (helÿg mân-ddanheddog)
(Salix breviserrata)
finely-toothed willow

28 helygen fan-flewog (helÿg man-flewog)
(Salix lapponum)
downy willow or Lapland willow
See: helygen wlanog hirddail

29 helygen felen (helÿg melyn)
(Salix alba ssp. vitellina)
golden willow (“yellow willow”)
See: helygen euraidd

30 helygen Ffrengig
(Salix triandra)
almond willow (“French willow”)
See: helygen trigwryw

31 helygen flodeuog (helÿg blodeuog)
(Chilopsis linearis)
desert willow (“flowery willow”)
See: helygen yr anialwch

32 helygen foel (helÿg moelion)
(Salix glabra)
hairless willow (“bald / hairless willow”)

33 helygen frau (helÿg brau)
(Salix fragilis var fragilis)
crack willow or brittle willow (“brittle willow”)

34 helygen fyrtwydd
(Salix myrsinites)
whortle-leaved willow (“willow (of) mulberry trees”)

35 helygen gam (helÿg ceimion)
(Salix matsudana)
contorted willow (“bent willow”)

36 helygen glec (helÿg clec)
See: helygen frau (helÿg brau)
(Salix fragilis var fragilis)
Crack willow (“snap willow / crack willow”)

37 helygen glustiog (helÿg clustiog)
(Salix aurita)
dwarf-eared willow (“eared willow”)
See: helygen Grynglustiog

38 helygen gochlas (helÿg cochlas)
(Salix purpurea)
purple willow (“purple willow, reddish-blue willow”)

39 helygen grynddail fwyaf (helÿg crynddail mwyaf)
(Salix caprea)
goat willow

40 helygen grynglustiog
(Salix aurita)
eared willow (“round-eared willow”)

41 helygen Gymreig
(Salix fragilis var decipiens)
Welsh willow (“Welsh willow”)

42 helygen hirddail
(Salix calodendron)
long-leaved willow (“long-leaved willow”)

43 helygen Lagger
(Salix laggeri)
Laggers willow (“willow (of) Lagger”)

44 helygen las (helÿg gleision)
(Salix alba var. caerulea)
Cricket-bat willow (“blue willow”)

45 helygen las (helÿg gleision)
(Salix glauca)
bluish willow (“blue willow”)

46 helygen lasddeiliog (helÿg glasddeiliog)
(Salix caesia)
blue-leaved willow

47 helygen leiaf (helÿg lleiaf)
(Salix herbacea)
least willow or dwarf willow

48 helygen Llychlyn
(Salix polaris)
polar willow
See: helygen yr Arctig

49 helygen lusddail
(Salix myrsinifolia)
whortle-leaved willow
See: helygen dail llus

51 helygen lwyd (helÿg llwydion)
(Salix cinerea subsp cinerea)
grey willow (“grey willow”)

52 helygen lwydwen (helÿg llwydwynion)
(Salix elaeagnes syn. Candida)
hoary willow (“greyish-white willow”)

53 helygen olewydd-ddail
(Salix cinerea subsp oleifolia)
rusty willow (“willow (og) olive-tree leaves)”)

54 helygen rwydog (helÿg rhwydog)
(Salix reticulata)
net-leaved willow, netted willow (“meshed willow, neted willow”)

55 helygen sawr
(Salix pentandra)
bay willow (also laurel-leaved willow) (“black (of) perfume”)
See: helygen beraroglaidd

56 helygen sidanaidd y tywyn
See: helygen ariannaidd
(Salix argentea)
silky sand willow (“silvery willow”)

57 helygen sidanaidd
(Salix glaucoserica)
silky willow (“silky willow”)

58 helygen stipylog
(Salix hastata) (“stipuled willow”)
large-stipuled willow

59 helygen sur
(Salix alba ssp. vitellina)
golden willow (“sour willow”)

60 See: helygen euraidd
helygen wen (helÿg gwynion)
(Salix alba)
White willow (“white willow”)

61 helygen werdd
(Salix x rubra)
green-leaved willow (“green willow”)

62 helygen werddlas (helÿg gwyrddleision)
(Salix alba var. caerulea)
cricket-bat willow (“greenish-blue willow”)
See: helygen las

63 helygen wiail (helÿg gwiail)
(Salix viminalis)
osier willow or water willow (“willow (of) switches / rods”)

64 helygen wlanog hirddail
(Salix lapponum)
downy willow (“woolly long-leaved willow”)

65 helygen wlanog (helÿg gwlanog)
(Salix lanata)
woolly willow (“woolly willow”)

66 helygen wydn (helÿg gwydn)
(Salix caprea)
goat willow (“tough willow”)
See: helygen grynddail fwyaf

67 helygen wylofus
(Salix babylonica)
weeping willow (“weeping willow”)

68 helygen wylofus euraidd
(Salix chrysocoma)
golden weeping willow (“golden weeping willow”)

69 helygen y cŵn
(Salix repens)
creeping willow (“willow-tree (of) the dogs”)
See: corhelygen (corhelÿg)

70 helygen y Dug
(Salix fragilis var. russelliana)
Bedford willow (“willow-tree (of) the Duke”)

71 helygen y fydwraig
See: helygen leiaf (helÿg lleiaf)
(Salix herbacea)
least willow (“willow (of) the midwife”)

72 helygen y geifr
(Salix caprea)
goat willow (“willow (of) the goats”)
See: helygen grynddail fwyaf

73 helygen y gors
(Salix discolor)
pussy willow (“willow (of) the bog”)

74 helygen y mynydd
(Salix arbuscula)
mountain willow (“willow (of) the upland / the mountain”)
See: helygen fach y mynydd

75 helygen y Pyreneau (efallai “y Pirinéw” fuasai’n well ewn Cymráeg, fel y mae’r gair yn Gatalaneg)
(Salix pyrenaica)
Pyrenean willow (“willow (of) the Pyrenees”)

76 helygen y Swistir
(Salix Helvetica)
Swiss willow (“willow (of) Switzerland”)

77 helygen yr afon
(Salix fluviatilis)
river willow (“willow (of) the river”)

78 helygen yr Alpau
(Salix hegetschweileri)
Alpine willow (“willow (of) the Alps”)

79 helygen yr anialwch
(Chilopsis linearis)
desert willow or flowering willow (“willow (of) the desert”)

80 helygen yr Arctig
(Salix polaris)
polar willow (“willow (of) the Arctic”)

81 merhelygen (merhelÿg)
(Salix alba ssp. vitellina)
golden willow
See: helygen euraidd

83 crogi'ch telÿn ar yr helÿg hang your harp on the willows, stop doing some activity

rhoi'r delÿn ar yr helÿg stop doing some activity (“put the harp on the willows”)

Psalmau: 137:1 Wrth afonÿdd Babilon, yno ye eisteddasom, ac wÿlasom, pan feddyliasom am Seion. (2) Ar yr helÿg o'u mewn y crogasom ein telynau.
(3) Canÿs yno y gofynnodd y rhai a'n caethiwasent i ni gân; a'r rhai a'n hanrheithiasai, lawenÿdd, gan ddywedÿd, Cenwch i ni rai o ganiadau Seion.
(4) Pa fodd y canwn gerdd yr Arglwÿdd mewn gwlad ddieithr?
Psalms 137:1 By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept, when we remembered Zion. (2) We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof.
(3) For there they that carried us away captive required of us a song; and they that wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion.
(4) How shall we sing the Lord's song in a strange land?

Un gwael iawn am lunio englÿn oeddwn, ac fellÿ rhoddais y delÿn honno ar yr helÿg
I was very bad at composing 'englÿn' verses and so I gave that up (“I hung that harp on the willows”)

84 Occurs as an epithet in Middle Welsh Ieuan Helÿg 1390

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish heligenn (= willow tree), Breton halegann (= willow tree),

from the same Celtic root: Irish saileach (= willow tree), Scottish seileach (= willow tree)
Manks sallagh, shellagh (= willow tree)

:_______________________________.

helÿnt, helyntion <HE-lint, he-LƏNT-yon> [ˡhɛlɪnt, hɛˡləntjɔn] (masculine noun)
1 trouble
Fe fÿdd hi’n helynt nawr! The fat is in the fire now! Ther’ll be trouble now!

2 Dyna beth ÿw helÿnt! We’re in trouble now! We’re in bother now! We’re in a real mess now! We’re in for it now! (“that is what is trouble”)

3 llawer o helÿnt ynghÿlch dim a lot of fuss over nothing (“a lot of trouble about nothing!)

4 Helÿnt ni ddaw ei hunan It never rains but it pours, Troubles never come singly (“trouble never comes by itself / unaccompanied”)

5 mÿnd i helÿnt get into trouble

:_______________________________.

hemoffilia <he-mo-FIL-ya> [hɛmɔˡfɪlja] (masculine noun)
1 hemophilia (Englandic: haemophilia)

:_______________________________.

hemoglobin <he-mo-GLOO-bin> [hɛmoˑˡglɔbɪn] (masculine noun)
1 hemoglobin (Englandic: haemoglobin)

:_______________________________.

hen <HEEN> [heːn] (adjective)
1 old

2 hen dad-cu, hen dad-cuod <heen dad-KII, heen dad-KII-od> [heːn dadˡkiː, heː n dadˡkiˑɔd] (masculine noun) great grandfather

3 hen fam-gu, hen fam-guod <heen vam-GII, hen-vam-GII-od> [hɛn vamˡgiː, hɛn vamˡgiˑɔd] (feminine noun) great grandmother

4 Hen Wlad fy Nhadau <heen WLAAD və NHAA-dai> [heːn ˡwlɑːd və ˡnhadaɪ] (feminine noun) national anthem of Wales (the old land of my (fore)fathers)

5 hen ŵr <heen UUR> [heːn ˡuːr] (masculine noun) old man

6 hen ddigon more than enough
cael hen ddigon ar have just about enough of
(“get more than enough on”) (cael = get) + (hen = old; ‘more than’) + soft mutation + (digon = enough) + (ar = on)

7 (amounts)
Mae hen ddigon ohoni There’s enough and to spare, There’s more than enough of it (“there’s old sufficiency of it”)

hen ddigon more than enough

cael hen ddigon ar have just about enough of
(“get more than enough on”) (cael = get) + (hen = old; ‘more than’) + soft mutation + (digon = enough) + (ar = on)

8 hen ÿd y wlad country people, country folk (“old corn (of) the countryside”)

9 bod yn hen fel Adda to be as old as the hills (“be old like Adam”)

10 Angen a ddÿsg i hen redeg being in need can make people peform wonders (“need teaches the old people to run”)

11 hen ddihenÿdd old (like) death, old (like) fate; very old, as old as the hills.
(hen = old) + soft mutation + (ddihenÿdd = (obsolete word) end, fate) “old (as) fate”
In the 1588 translation of the Bible it appears in noun form - yr Hen Ddihenÿdd - in Daniel 7:9 as a name for God. The equivalent in the English Bible (1611) is the Ancient of Days
Daniel 7:9 Edrychais hÿd oni fwriwÿd i lawr y gorseddféÿdd, a'r Hen ddihenÿdd a eisteddodd: ei wisg oedd cÿn wynned â'r eira, a gwallt ei ben fel gwlân pur
Daniel 7:9 I beheld till the thrones were cast down, and the Ancient of days did sit, whose garment was white as snow, and the hair of his head like the pure wool

Mae honna'n hen ddihenÿdd That (joke)'s as old as the hills

12 dwÿn yr hen i dalu’r newÿdd to rob Peter to pay Paul (“steal the old to pay for the new”)
talu’r hen a dwÿn y newÿdd to rob Peter to pay Paul (“pay for the old thing and steal the new thing”)

13 old = former, superseded

yr hen Sir Dyfed the former county of Dyfed (abolished in 1996)

Yr Hen Orsaf districte de Llanidloes (county of Powys) (“the old station”)

Yr Hen Ysgol (house name, for former school turned into a dwelling house)

14 byw yn ddigon hen i weld (rhywbeth) live to see (something), live long enough to see (something)

Yr oedd Lewis Lewis yn byw yn y ffermdy yn ymyl y capel presennol, ond nis gwyddom iddo fyw yn ddigon hen i’w weled
Lewis Lewis lived in the farmhouse next to the present chapel but we don’t know if he lived long enough to see it

15 (noun) an old person (in sayings)

Angen a ddÿsg i hen redeg being in need can make people perform wonders (“(it is) need (that) teaches (an) old (person) to run”)

Anodd diddyfnu hen “(it-is) hard (the) weaning (of) (an) old (person)” You can’t teach on old dog new tricks

16 in referring to something unpleasant, annoying

(North) Rhyw hen annwyd sy gen i It’s some cold I’ve caught somewhere

Roeddech chi’n ddigon gwirion i fynd allan i’r glaw heb got - does rhyfedd eich bod chi wedi dal yr hen annwyd ‘ma!
You were daft eough to go out into the rain without a coat – it’s no wonder you’ve caught that nasty cold

-Sut wÿt ti y bore ’ma? –Ddim wedi bwrw’r hen anwyd ’ma ‘to

-How are you this morning? –I still haven’t got rid of this nasty cold

:_______________________________.

henaint <HEE-naint> [ˡheˑnaɪnt] (masculine noun)
1 old age
cynilo ar gyfer eich henaint save for your old age

2 dryswch henaint senile dementia (“confusion (of) old age”)
dioddef o ddryswch henaint suffer from senile dementia

:_______________________________.

henaint ni ddaw ei hun <HEE-naint ni DHAU i HIIN> [ˡheˑnaɪnt nɪ ˡðaʊ ɪ ˡhiːn] (phrase)
1 old age is accompanied by troubles (old age does not come alone)

:_______________________________.

hendref / hendre <HEN-drev, HEN-dre> [ˡhɛndrɛv, ˡhɛndrɛ]

PLURAL: hendrefi / hendrefÿdd <hen-DREE-vi, -vidh> [hɛnˡdreˑvɪ, hɛnˡdreˑvɪð] (f)
1 winter farmstead, lowland farmstead, permanent farmstead, main farmstead (contrasted with hafod, summer place, pasture and a shelter or dwelling in the uplands)

ETYMOLOGY: “old farmstead” i.e. the permanent farmstead (hen = old) + soft mutation + (tref = trêv, farmstead)

NOTE: hendref > hendre. Although the loss of a final f [v] in polysyllables is centuries old, the literary language maintians it. On maps howver the form is invariably hendre with no final [v]

:_______________________________.

Hendre-wen <HEN-dre-WEN> [hɛndrɛˡwɛn] (f)
1 locality in Bangor (Gwÿnedd).

ETYMOLOGY: yr hendre wen “the white (lowland) farmstead”, possibly “whitewashed (lowland) farmstead”.

(hendre = lowland farmstead) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwÿn = white)

:_______________________________.

hendon <HEN-don> [ˡhɛndɔn] masculine noun
1 South-east Wales unploughed pasture land, old sward, old land

ETYMOLOGY: (hen = old) + soft mutation + (ton = pasture, grassland)



:_______________________________.

heneiddio <he-NEIDH-yo> [hɛˡnəɪðjɔ] (verb)
1 to get old, to age

:_______________________________.

Hen Ffordd <heen FORDH> [heːn ˡfɔrð]
1 farm name, Abergwyngregyn SH 6572 (county of Conwÿ), mentioned in the 1851 Census

ETYMOLOGY: yr hen ffordd “the old road” (yr definite article) + (hen = old) + (ffordd = road)
 :_______________________________.

Henffordd <HEN-fordh> [ˡhɛnfɔrð] (feminine noun)
1 Hereford - town in England (literally ‘old road’, but in fact a Cymricisation of the English name meaning ‘army ford’).

The idea that the Welsh name Henffordd is the original name, of which Hereford is a distortion, is completely false.

:_______________________________.

henffÿch <HEN-fikh> [ˡhɛnfɪx] verb
1 hail!
Wele’n sefÿll rhwng y myrtwÿdd / Wrthrÿch teilwng o’m holl frÿd / Er o ran yr wÿ’n ei ’nabod / Ef uwchlaw gwrthrychau’r bÿd / Henffÿch fore! / Caf ei weled fel y mae
Behold standing among the myrtle trees / the worthy object of all my desire / Though I know him but partially / over the objects of the world / Hail to the morning! / I shall be able to see him as he is
(from the hymn “Cwm Rhondda”)

2 henffÿch well obsolete hail! salve! greetings! (“may you come better”, i.e. welcome)

3 Henffÿch Fair the Hail Mary, or Ave Maria, a prayer to the Virgin Mary based on the salutations to her by

(1) the archangel Gabriel in Luke 1:28, and

(2) Elizabeth in Luke 1:42

Luc 1:28 A’r angel a ddaeth i mewn ati, ac a ddywedodd, Henffÿch well, yr hon a gefaist ras; yr Arglwÿdd sÿdd gyda thi: bendigaid wÿt ymhlith gwragedd
Luke 1:28 And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favoured, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.

Luc 1:42 A llefain a wnaeth â llef uchel, a dywedÿd, Bendigedig wÿt ti ymhlith gwragedd, a bendigedig ÿw ffrwÿth dy groth di
Luke 1:42 And she spake out with a loud voice, and said, Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb

4 Henffÿch Fair, gyflawn o ras Hail Mary, full of grace .

5 henffÿch ddÿdd (“may (the) day come”), hasten the day

‘Daw Roberts ’nôl!’ O! henffych ddydd! ‘Roberts is coming back!’ O, hasten the day!
in a poem by Geraint Goch, Glan Cunllo (Cofiant y Tri Brawd / E Pan Jones / 1892 / t137)

ETYMOLOGY: henffÿch (= may you come); second person singular subjunctive of hanfod (= come), but in modern Welsh the verb is now hanu (= come, originate); hanfod survives as a noun

:_______________________________.

henflew <HEN-vleu> [ˡhɛnvlɛʊ] plural
1 coat = old hair shed by a moulting animal
bwrw eich henflew (animal) lose its hair
Mae’r gath yn bwrw ei henflew The cat’s losing its hair
Mae'r ci yn bwrw ei henflew The dog’s casting its coat

ETYMOLOGY: (hen = old) + soft mutation + (blew = hairs)

:_______________________________.

henfÿd <HEN-VID> [ˡhɛnvɪd] masculine noun
1 ancient world
Persia’r henfÿd ancient Persia (“Pèrsia (of) the ancient world”)

ETYMOLOGY: (hen = old, ancient) + soft mutation + (bÿd = world)

:_______________________________.

heniaith <HEN-yaith> [ˡhɛnjaɪθ] feminine noun
1 an old language, a longstanding language, a native language, an original language, an autochthenous language

Os treisiodd y gelÿn fy ngwlad dan ei draed

Mae heniaith y Cymry mor fÿw ag erioed

(Welsh national anthem) If the enemy subjugated my country under his feet

The old language of the Welsh people is as alive as ever

:_______________________________.

Henllan <HEN-lhan> [ˡhɛnɬan] feminine noun

1 place name

ETYMOLOGY: ‘old church’ (hen = old, ancient) + soft mutation + (llan = church) > *henlan > henllan

:_______________________________.

Henllennig Cynog <hen-LHE-nig KƏ-nog> [hɛnˡɬɛnɪg ˡkənɔg]

1 place name; alternative name for Llangynog in the county of Mynwy (English name: St Cynog’s Chapel)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘old church of Cynog’ (henllennig = old church) + (Cynog = saint’s name) henllennig < (henllann- < henllan = old church) + (-ig diminutive suffix)

The i in the final syllabe causes vowel affection in the penult sylllable a > e

:_______________________________.

henllug <HEN-lhig> [ˡhɛnɬɪg] feminine noun
South Wales
1 nightmare
cael yr henllug have a nightmare (“get the nightmare”)

ETYMOLOGY: This is very likely a variant of hunlle (= nightmare)
NOTE: cael yr henllug (standard form) > ca’l yr ’enllug (colloquial form)

:_______________________________.

heno <HEE-no> [ˡheˑnɔ] adverb
1 tonight
ar noson fel heno on a night like tonight

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh heno < henodd < henoedd < henoeth < henoith < British *se-nokti (= tonight) < *nokts (= night)
cf Latin nox, noct- (= night)

From the same British root: Breton henozh (= henoz, henoh), fenoz (= tonight);
From the same Hibernian root: Irish anocht (= tonight)

:_______________________________.

henoed <HEN-oid> [ˡhɛnɔɪd] (masculine noun)
1 old people

:_______________________________.

Henri <HEN-ri> [ˡhɛnrɪ] (masculine noun)
1 (male) Henry

:_______________________________.

henwan <HEN-wan> [ˡhɛnwan] adjective
1 old and decrepit

ETYMOLOGY: (hen = old) + soft mutation + (gwan = weak)

:_______________________________.

yr Hen Was <ər heen WAAS> [ər heːn ˡwɑːs] masculine noun
1 (North Wales) the Devil (“the old lad”)

ETYMOLOGY: (hen = old) + soft mutation + (gwas = boy)

:_______________________________.

henwendid <hen-WEN-did> [hɛnˡwɛndɪd] masculine noun
1 senility, decrepitude in old age

ETYMOLOGY: (hen = old) + soft mutation + (gwendid = feebleness)

:_______________________________.

heol, heolÿdd (hewl, hewlÿdd) <HEE-ol, he-OO-lidh; HEUL, HEUL-idh> [ˡheˑɔl, hɛˡoˑlɪð; hɛʊl, ˡhɛʊlɪð] (feminine noun)
1 road
cynnal heol maintain a road, keep a road in good repair.

Ma’n gwÿnto saith 'ewl (South) (= Mae e’n / Mae hi’n gwyntio saith heol) It stinks to high heaven (“it stinks (from) seven streets (away)”)

2 In street names, with the pattern (heol) + (soft mutation) + (personal name)
Some may be historical names; others new formations imitating these older names, since this mutation it is no longer in use with personal names in modern Welsh

..1/ Heol Fair (“(the) street (of) Mary”), Saint Mary Street
A street name in
....a/ Caer-dÿdd
....b/ Porth-cawl (county of Bro Morgannwg)

3 In street names, with the pattern (heol) + (soft mutation) + (place name)
Some may be historical names; others new formations imitating these older names, since this mutation it is no longer in use with place names in modern Welsh

..a/ Heol Dalycopa (“(the) street (of) Talycopa”) north of Pentre-dŵr, Llansamlet (county of Abertawe)

4 (North Wales) close, court, farmyard

In the north-east there are some place names Rhewl
yr heol > yr hewl > y rhewl

hewl is a colloquial variant; in some place names with an initial vowel, or “h” + initial vowel, the final “r” attaches itself to the following word

..a/ Rhewl (SJ1160) village on Afon Clywedog, 3km north-west of Rhuthin
Also “Rhewl Rhuthun” (“(the place called) Rhewl (which is near) Rhuthun”)

..b/ Rhewl (SJ1844) village in the county of Dinbÿch on the north bank of Afon Dyfrdwÿ 5km north-west of Llangollen
Also “Rhewl Langollen” (“(the place called) Rhewl (which is near) Langollen”)

..c/ Rhewl SJ3034 locality in Shropshire, England 5km north-east of Croesoswallt / Oswestry

..d/ Rhewl-fawr (SJ1581) localitat 3km al north-oest de Mostÿn
Alternative name: Rhewl Mostÿn (“(the place called) Rhewl (which is near) Mostÿn”)

..e/ Rhewl - farm at Knolton SJ3738, (county of Wrecsam) 3 km south of Owrtyn SJ3741

Heol Uchaf farm name, Abergwyngregyn SH 6572 (county of Conwÿ), mentioned in the 1851 Census
yr heol uchaf “the upper farmyard”
(yr definite article) + (heol = farmyard) + (uchaf = upper)

NOTE:
Southern Welsh has ’ewl / hewl < heol.

Cf South Wales ewn < eon < eofn (= fearless, bold)

and in some places ews < eos (= nightingale)

:_______________________________.

heol bengaead, heolÿdd pengaead <HEE-ol / HEUL ben-GEI-ad, he-OO-lidh / heu-lidh pen-GEI-ad> [ˡheˑɔl / hɛʊl bɛnˡgəɪad, hɛˡoˑlɪð / hɛʊlɪð pɛnˡgəɪad] (feminine noun)
1 (“road with a closed end”) cul-de-sac

:_______________________________.

Yr Heol Fawr <ər HEE-ol / HEUL VAUR> [ ər heˑɔl / hɛʊl ˡvaʊr]
1 (street name) the High Street

2 Yr Heol Fawr (on signs usually without the definite article: Heol Fawr)

Heol Fawr would be the Welsh translation of various roads called ‘Main Road’ in the south (in the north, Strÿd Fawr would be more usual)

(Some of these roads may have been originally ‘Heol Fawr’, which was translated into English; or they may have a different earlier Welsh name; or have another existing Welsh name)
Main Road, Abercynon (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Aberdulais (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Aberogwr (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Brÿn-coch (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Cil-ffriw (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Creuant (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Dyffrÿncellwen (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Gartholwg (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Y Gilwern (county of Blaenau Gwent) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Maesycwmer (county of Caerffili) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Pen-rhiw-ceibr (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Pentre-poeth (county of Caer-dÿdd) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Pont-rhÿd-y-fen (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Porthysgewin (county of Mynwÿ) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Ton-teg (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Tregatwg (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Waterston, Aberdaugleddau (county of Penfro) Heol Fawr

Heol Fawr would also be the Welsh translation of various roads called ‘Main Street’ in the south (in the north, Strÿd Fawr would be more usual)

(Some of these roads may have been originally ‘Heol Fawr’, which was translated into English; or they may have a different earlier Welsh name; or have another existing Welsh name which is not officially recognised)
..1/ Main Street, Aber-gwaun (county of Penfro)
..2/ Main Street, Y Barri (county of Bro Morgannwg)
..3/ Main Street, Y Bontnewÿdd (county of Caerffili)
..4/ Main Street, Llangwm, Hwlffordd (county of Penfro)
..5/ Main Street, Penfro
..6/ Main Street, Solfach (county of Penfro)

ETYMOLOGY: yr heol fawr “the big road”
(yr = the) + (heol = road) + soft mutation + (mawr = big)

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Yr Heol Felen <ər HEE-ol / HEUL VEE-len> [ ər heˑɔl / hɛʊl ˡveˑlɛn] feminine noun
1 “the yellow way”, name of a track in Llÿswyrnÿ, Bro Morgannwg

ETYMOLOGY: (yr = definite article) + (heol = way) + soft mutation + (melen, feminine form of melÿn = yellow)

NOTE: The local form would be Yr ’Ewl Felan (though I presently have no confirmation of this);
(1) absence of initial h, a typical feature of south-eastern Welsh;
(2) ‹e› in a final syllable becomes ‹a›, another typìcal south-eastern feature

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Yr Heol Ganol ‹heul ga-nol ›
1 Heol Ganol
Street name in
..a/ Brÿn-mawr (county of Blaenau Gwent)
..b/ Caerffili
..c/ Nant-y-moel (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
..d/ Y Sarn (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

ETYMOLOGY: “middle road / middle street” (heol = road) + soft mutation + (canol

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heol gefn, heolÿdd cefn ‹heul GE ven, heu lidh KE ven› (feminine noun)
1 back road (minor country road)

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Heol Glÿn Dŵr ‹heul wen›
1 locality in Coed-poeth (county of Wrecsam) (“Heol Glyndwr”)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘Glÿn Dŵr’s road’ (heol = road) + (Glÿn Dŵr, = Owain Glÿn Dŵr, popular name for Owain ap Gruffudd (1350-1416), leader of an uprising against the English civilian and military occupation of Wales.
The conflict lasted for fifteen years (1400-1415). His home was at Glÿndyfrdwÿ, of which Glÿn Dwr is a contracted form.

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Heol Goedog ‹heul goi-dog›
1 Street name in Cefncribwr (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

ETYMOLOGY: “wooded road” (heol = road) + soft mutation + (coedog = wooded, sheltered by trees) It is a Southern form of coediog (= woody, sheltered by trees; stringy) In the south the consonantal i at the beginning of the final syllable is generally lost, and so the suffix -iog > -og

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Heol Hir <HEE-ol HIIR>

1 road in Caer-dÿdd / Cardiff

ETYMOLOGY: yr heol hir “the long road” (yr definite article the) + (heol = road) + (hir = long)

NOTE: The usual pronunciation is Hewl Hir, which is how it is noted in 1756:

John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernÿw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911):

1756. Coroner's Inquest taken at the house of Lewis Leyson, innkeeper, in the parish of Lanishan in the county aforesaid, 6 October 1755, before William Gibbon, Coroner, on view of the body of David Rees, found that the deceased, in a certain lane called Hewl hîr in the parish of Lanishan, as he was riding upon a horse before a wagon and oxen, and attempting to turn into a gate, fell down from his horse and was killed.

In fact, the local pronunciaiton would have been h-less in the Welsh of the south-east: ’Ewl ’Ir

<eul IIR> [ɛʊl ˡiːr]