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TUDALENNAU ERAILL Y GEIRIADUR HWN

OTHER PAGES IN THIS DICTIONARY

1580e A | 1039e B | 1735e BR | 1018e C | 1071e CE | 1675e CI | 1040e CR | 1075e CY | 1020e D | 1674e DI | 1072e E | 1077e F | 1021e G | 1042e GW | 1038e H | 1676e HY, I, J, K, | 1865e L | 1022e M | 1677e MI | 1047e N | 1600e O | 1023e P | 1073e PL | 1026e R | 1070e S | 1024e T | 1076e TR | 1025e U,V | 1731e W, X | 1586e Y, Z |

F, f ‹èv› feminine noun
1) sixth letter of the twenty-six letter Roman alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 d 5 e, 6 f, 7 g, 8 h, 9 i, 10 j, 11 k, 12 l, 13 m, 14 n, 15 o, 16 p, 17 q, 18 r, 19 s, 20 t, 21 u, 22 v, 23 w, 24 x, 25 y, 26 z
2) eighth letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y

:_______________________________.

f
The sound ‹v› in Welsh is written as 'f'.

Origin of the consonant ‹v› in Welsh:

It comes from two main sources

(1) It is a development of the consonants ‹b› or ‹m› in British. (British words came from either Common Celtic, or were loans from Latin during the Roman occupation of the island.)

(2) It is found in words taken from English in later centuries.

1 In words from British of Common Celtic origin from an original “b” or “m”
.....(1) lam- > llawf (= hand).
Now llaw, without the final “f”, though this is retained in compounds:
llofnod signature (llawf = hand) + (nod = mark)
llofrudd murderer (llawf = hand) + soft mutation + (rhudd = red)

.....(2) dub- > duf > du (= black)

Some English place names of British origin have ‹m› in modern English, but ‹v› in Welsh. This shows that they were taken into English the early Welsh period, before the change (m > v) occurred (probably circa the year 500)

(1) (“tam-”) Tefeidiad (river name, county of Powÿs), in English “Teme”

(2) (“tam-”) river names “Thame”, “Tame” in England which correspond to the name of two rivers in Wales – Taf

(3) (“from-”) name of some rivers in England - “Frome” - which corresponds to the name of a river in Wales, in Môn – Ffraw, anciently Ffrawf

Other names must be later borrowings, because English has ‹v› as in Welsh –
(1) British abona = river, Welsh afon ‹a-von›; hence certain English river names “Avon” ‹ei-vən›, rather than *Abon
(2) River name in British Sabrina, Welsh Hafren, English Severn (the English name preserving the initial “s”, which in early Welsh became “h”)

2 Similarly in words of Latin origin via British from an original “b” or “m”
....(1) elementum > elfen (= element)
....(2) forma > ffurf (= form)
....(3) firmâmenta > ffyrfafen > ffurfafen (= firmament)
....(4) taberna > tafarn (= tavern)
....(5) tabulum > tafell (= slice)

3 From English
.....(1) Middle English “vicker” (modern English “vicar”) > ficer
.....(2) English “van” > fan
.....(3) English “vanilla” > fanila

Some words with initial ‹f› are from south-western English, where an ‘f’ in standard English was a ‘v’ in this part of England. This was a characteristic until recent decades of the spoken language in the county of Somerset, for example. Thus ‘fir trees’ would have been ‘vir trees’ – in south-east Wales (where there was much immigration from these areas of England), this is fer ‹ver› (= fir trees)

(There are also English place names here with initial ‘v’, such as “Vishwell”, ‘fish well’, a well with fish)

4 “f” also results from the the soft-mutation of “b” and “m”
.....(1) brân = crow, y frân = the crow
.....(2) mam = mother, y fam = the mother

Because an initial ‘f’ is usually a soft-mutated consonant, there has been a tendency to assume that words taken from English beginning with ‘f’ are in fact soft-mutated forms and to replace it with ‘b’ or ‘m’.

(1) Thus in the past ficer was often found as bicer, though the form with ‘f-’ is the standard modern form.

(2) English “frog” from a south-western form “vrog-“ became froga [VROO-ga] in Welsh, and later broga (= frog).

(3) English “to vex” became Welsh fecso > becso (= to worry) (standard form)

(4) English “venture” became Welsh fenter > menter (= a business venture) (standard form)

(5) English “vantage” became Welsh fantais > mantais (= advantage, benefit) (standard form)

(6) English “velvet” became Welsh felfed > melfed (= velvet) (standard form)

_______________________________________________________________

The loss of an initial f- ‹v›

Words with loss of initial f-, where the form without this f is now standard:

...(a) ab, ap < fab (soft mutation of mab = son) (Siôn ab Elis Siôn son (of) Elis, Morgan ap Llywelÿn Morgan son (of) Llywelÿn, etc)

...(b) erch, ach, ych < ferch (soft mutation of merch = daughter)
(in old patronymics: Gwenllian ych Llywelÿn, etc - Gwenllian daughter (of) Llywelÿn)

...(c) ychydig (= a little bit) < fychydig (soft mutation of bychydig)

...(d) ed (in the Welsh of south-east Wales = as far as) < fed < *bed

Words with loss of initial f which is not considered standard:

...(e) ’y < fy < *my = my
fy mrawd = my brother, but colloquially generally 'y mrawd

...(f) ’e < fe (preverbal particle) fe ddaeth (= he came) < ’e ddaeth

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The loss of a medial -f- ‹v›

Words with loss of medial -f- which is now standard (the loss took place at a very early period in some of these words):

1 loss of medial -f-
Words with loss of medial -f- which is now standard (the loss took place at a very early period in some of these words):

..1/ amod (condition) < amfod < (am intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (bod = to be)

..2/ anoddÿfn (“y” = ‹i› ) > (loss of the [v]) anoddÿ’n / anoddÿn ‹a-nô-dhin› > anoddun ‹a-nô-dhin› (= very deep) (anoddÿn = anoddun - same pronunciation)

as in the place name Ffos Noddun (near Capelgarmon, county of Conwÿ)

..3/ bual (buffalo) < bufal < Latin bûbal(us)

..4/ Camarch (SN9521) (name of a river in Powÿs)
< Camfarch (“(the) winding (river / stream called) March”)
(cam = winding) + soft mutation + (March = stream name, literally “horse”)

..5/ codi (= rise, get up; lift) < *cy'odi < cyfodi

..6/ col (= lap) < cofl

..7/ dilin pure, fine, refined; polished
dilin < dilÿn < dilÿfn
This is (di- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (llÿfn = smooth)
Generally in the expression aur dilin fine gold

..8/ dod (= to come) < dy’od < dyfod

..9/ dŵr (= water) < dw’wr < dwfwr < dwfr - though retained in the plural dyfroedd (waters)

..10/ GWYDDOR

Latin abecedārium
> British *ab’kēdār-
> Early Welsh *afgwyddawr
> agwyddawr (loss of the consonant f [v] )

> agwyddor (aw reduced to o in the final syllable)
> egwyddor (a becomes e)

> gwyddor (e dropped)

egwÿddor = principle, gwÿddor (= alphabet)

..11/ lawr (= laver, type of seaweed) < lafwr < English laver < Latin

..12/ Llannor < Llanfor < Llanfawr (llan fawr = big church)

..13/ Ogwr (= river name) < Ogfwr. This [v] comes from British m, and early Welsh “mh”, which is preserved in the English form of the name, Ogmore. See “mh”

..14/ Rhosyr (equivalent to modern Welsh Rhos Fair “(the) upland / moor (of the Virgin) Mary”)
Rhósyr < Rhóser < Rhóseir < Rhósfeir < Rhos Féir
(rhos = upland) + soft mutation + (Meir, older form of Mair = Mary).

(The name would thus be similar in meaning to Brÿn Mair “(the) hill (of the Virgin) Mary”), in the village name Llan-brÿn-mair in Powÿs)

(though some dispute this explanation rhos + Mair)

2 Words with loss of medial f which is not considered standard:

..1/ cas (South Wales - he, she, it got / received) < cafas
(though Standard Welsh uses cafodd, since this full form cafas is now obsolete in literary Welsh)

..2/ ces (I got, I received) < cefes < cefais

..3/ ella a northern form of efallai = perhaps

..4/ gwefus = lip; gweus, a form used in some dialects

NOTE: Examples also exist in English of a loss of medial -v-:

..1/ Devonshire > Denshire.

A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady: to which is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837: “BEAT and BURNING-BEAT… peat- or sod-burning; an agricultural operation, which appears to have originated in Devonshire, and hence is called Denshiring in many parts.”

..2/ e'er < ever (poetic, jocular)

..3/ Hallowe’en < Allhallowe’en < Allhalloweven (“all hallows’ eve”, “eve of All Saints’ Day”
(all) + (hallow = saint) + (even = eve, evening)

..4/ hawk Old English "hafoc" (the "f" was pronounced ‹v›)

..5/ head Old English "hêafod" (the "f" was pronounced ‹v›)

..6/ ne'er-do-well < never do well

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Intrusive medial -f- ‹v›
(a) lle (= place), lleÿdd (= places), now llefÿdd, used colloquially. The standard uses a different plural termination to give lleoedd
(b) llyu (= to lick), now llyfu in standard Welsh
(c) lwans (= allowance), now lwfans in standard Welsh

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Change of medial “f ” ‹v› > “w”
In certain dialects, medial f ‹v› has become w

(a) clefri (mange, scabies) > clewri (South-west Wales)

(b) gwefl (lip of an animal) > gwewl (South-west Wales)

(c) taflod (hay loft) > tawlod (South-east Wales)

(d) cyfarfod (meeting; to meet) > c'farfod > cwarfod (North Wales)

(e) ysgrifennu (to write) > 'sg'fennu > sgwennu (North Wales)

(f)) ysgyfarnog (hare) > 'sg'farnog > sgwarnog (North Wales)

(g) gyferbÿn (opposite) > g'ferbÿn > gwerbÿn

(h) English peevish > Welsh pifis > piwis (peevish, bad-tempered) (North Wales word)

(i) Also the element faen (soft mutation of maen (stone) in the word llechfaen (bakestone) > llechfen (usual reduction of a diphthong ae in a final syllable to e) > llechwen, llechwan
The place name Corwen was Corfen, apparently corfaen (= little stone)

(j) cf brecwast (qv) (breakfast), < *brecfast ‹brékvast›, from English breakvast, a south-west England form of breakfast

Sq[uire Turnbull]. How does thee like London ?
Miss Turn[bull]. I knaw not It do zeem a strange place.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. A strange place!
Miss Turn[bull]. Ees—I do think it be.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. Thee dost?
Miss Turn[bull]. Ees.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. An' zo do I—whereby, dost zee, I'll get out n't as vast as I can—a pretty chace, as the man zaid that rode vifty miles a'ter a wild goose.—London ! —an' this be London, the devil take London—Come, pack up thy ribbands an' vlappets, an' make thyzel ready.
Miss Turn[bull]. Neea, zure—you wun't go zo zoon.

Sq[uire Turnbull]. Wun't I ?—an' I stay in this town to-night, I'll eat it vor breakvast tomorrow.

Duplicity; Comedy, in five Acts. As performed at the Theatre-Royal, Covent-Garden. T. Thomas Holcroft. (1811. Edinburgh. A collection of Successful Modern Plays, as acted at the Theatres Royal, London. Printed from the prompt books under the authority of the managers. Selected by Mrs. Inchbald. In ten volumes. Vol. iv.).

(k) South Wales walle (= because) < ?*ewalle < efallai. Usually with “f ” - falle.

__________________________________________________

Change of final “f ” ‹v› > “w”
An example of this is:
gwddf (neck) > gwddw (North Wales), gwddwg (South Wales)

__________________________________________________

Change of “f ” ‹v› > “ff” ‹f›
(a) cannwÿll frwÿn (rush candle) > cannwÿll ffrwÿn in some dialects

Again, dialectically, fy (my) > ff

(b) fy hunan (myself) > f'unan > ff'unan

(c) fy llaw (my hand) > ff'llaw

(d) fy iechÿd (my health) > ff'iechÿd

(e) Bodfari (village in the north-east) > Botffari

For other examples, see the entry ff

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Change of “f ” ‹v› > “dd” ‹dh›
Standard forms with dd instead of an original f:

(a) Caer-dÿf > Caer-dÿdd = capital of Wales, Cardiff;
the Englished form is from a time before the ‹v› became ‹dh› in this name (apparently in the 1700s); and this final ‹v› in English was replaced by its unvoiced counterpart ‹f›.

(b) Godrefi Bach > Godreddi Bach place name in Môn;
godref is 'little house'
(go diminutive prefix) + soft mutation + (tref = house, farmstead)

__________________________________________________

Dialect forms with dd instead of an original f:
(c) Llangwÿryfon > Llangwrddon (village in Ceredigion)

(d) tyfu > tyddu to grow

(e) Eifionÿdd > Eiddionÿdd district in Gwÿnedd

(f) rhofiad > rhoddiad spadeful (South-east Wales)

__________________________________________________

A final “f ” ‹v› dropped after monosyllables (early Welsh)
These changes took place early on in the language:

(a) du (black) < duf
The final consonant has been retained in the Irish equivalent dubh (black) (where 'bh' represents the sound ‹v›)

(b) Ffraw (river name) < Ffrawf, as in the place name Abérffraw, though the current colloquial form is a modification of this: Y Berffro

(c) llaw (hand) < llawf - occurs in the derivative llofrudd (murderer), from llawf rudd (red hand).
The final consonant has been retained in the Irish equivalent lámh (hand) (where 'mh' represents the sound ‹v›)

(d) rhaw (spade) < rhawf - occurs in the derivative rhofiad (spadeful).
The final consonant has been retained in the Irish equivalent rámh (oar) (where 'mh' represents the sound ‹v›)

(e) tu (side) < tuf.
The final consonant has been retained in the Irish equivalent taobh (side) (where 'bh' represents the sound ‹v›)

An example in English of a similar phenomenon is the colloquial form of "of", which becomes simply ‹ə›: standard in "o' clock"

__________________________________________________
∆

A final “f ” ‹v› dropped after monosyllables (northern Welsh)
A final f is dropped after many monosyllables in Northern Welsh, but retained in the south

Standard Welsh	Northern spoken Welsh	Southern spoken Welsh
crÿf (strong),	crÿ'	crÿf
haf (summer)	ha'	haf
saf (stand!)	sa'	saf (sa' is possible too in the south)
prÿf (animal)	prÿ'	prÿf

But sometimes the final -f is retained even in spoken Northern Welsh.

(1) Words from British (either British < Latin, or British < Celtic)
bref (bleat of a sheep, low of a cow) (retains f in standard Welsh, and both in northern spoken and southern spoken)

dof (tame)

prif (main, principal, major)

rhwÿf (oar)

Taf (name of two rivers in South Wales)

(2) Words which are later incorporations into Welsh:

braf (fine). From English “brave”, formerly pronounced {braav} – the Welsh word is a borrowing from a time before the change to the modern pronunciation {breiv}.

Although in the spelling of place names the standard literary form is preferred (that is, whith the inclusion of the final –f [v]), there are numerous instances in minor names of this colloquial feature

CRA [kraa] < CRAF [kraav]

Pant-y-cra ‹pant-ə- kraa › street name, Tabor, Dolgellau (spelt in Tabor as “Pant y Cra”)
(“(the) hollow (of) the ramsons / wild garlic”)
(pant = hollow) + (y definite article) + (cra = ramsons / ad-leaved wild garlic (Allium ursinum))

FFRAW [frauv] < FFRAW [frauv]

The northern river name possibly exhibits this feature, though the adjective was in use in the medieval period (= brisk, lively) and it occureed in the reduced form ffraw.

Also in the name of the locality on the mouth of the river, Abérffraw, a literary form respresenting an earlier stage in the development of the place name, which later became Abérffro from which today’s colloquial form Y Berffro is derived

GO [goo] < GOF [goov]

.....(1) Cae-go (cae’r gof “(the) field (of) the smith”) district west of Rhos-ddu (county of Wrecsam)

.....(2) Coed-y-go (coed y gof “(the) wood (of) the blacksmith”)
A locality in Croesoswallt (Oswestry), in the county of Shropshire, England;
(coed = wood) + (y = the) + (gof = smith, blacksmith).
On English maps with the partially Englished spelling Coed-y-Goe

.....(3) Ffos-y-go (ffos y gof “(the) ditch (of) the smith”) SJ 3054 village 5km north-west of Wrecsam and 1km north-west of Gwersɥllt

....4/ Gwern-y-go SO2291 locality in Sarn, Y Drenewɥdd, district of Maldwɥn (county of Powɥs)

HA [haa] < HAF [haav]
Northern speakers who use the Welsh name for the Welsh county of Somerset (Gwlad yr Haf, “(the) land (of) the summer”, that is, the land of summer pasture, parallelling the English name), are to heard sometimes saying Gwlad yr Ha

__________________________________________________

A final “f ” ‹v› dropped after polysyllables (colloquial Welsh)
A final f ‹v› was dropped in polysyllables in spoken Welsh in the fourteenth century. At first there was a tendency to drop the final -f after -i, and later after other vowels.
Even though the loss of this final f has been usual in spoken Welsh for some six or seven hundred years, it is still retained in the standard language
Examples below of standard Welsh > spoken Welsh

..(a) cyfaddef (to confess), > cyfadde'

..(b) cartref (home), > cartre'

..(c) cyntaf (first), > cynta'

__________________________________________________

A final “f ” ‹v› dropped after polysyllables (standard Welsh)
Some words though became standard without the final f

Adda (Adam) < Addaf

Aberffraw ‹a-BER-frau› (village on the island of Môn) < Aberffrawf

cleddÿf (sword), which is the name of two rivers Cleddÿ Wen ('white sword') and Cleddÿ Ddu ('black sword') in South-west Wales.

There is a variant of cleddÿf, namely cleddau, as in the town name Aberdaugleddau below where the two Cleddÿ rivers join, at he point where they flow into the sea; “(the) mouth (of) (the) Daugleddau (river)”

(dau = two) + soft mutation + (Cleddau river name)

cwrw (beer) < cwrwf

cyffur (drug, medicament) < cyffurf (cy- = prefix) + (ffurf = form)

moli (to praise) < molif

Words which have entered the spoken language from the literary language retain the final f
(i) gorsaf (station), not *gorsa

(ii) heulsaf (solstice), not *heulsa

__________________________________________________

A final “f ” ‹v› which is unetymological
Examples of a final f which is unetymological:

hÿf (insolent).
The historical form is hÿ, but it has imitated the pattern of the adjective crÿf which is not very dissimilar in meaning

crÿf / crÿ' (strong); cryfed (as strong), cryfach (stronger), cryfaf (strongest)
Hence the modern literary form hÿf, hyfed, hyfach, hyfaf

grof (county of Penfro) fine river sand < gro (= gravel, shingle)

cnu fleece > cnuf ‹kniiv› (both forms are standard, though cnu is the preferred form)

Latin *virgo (= maid) > *gwÿrgh > *gwÿrÿ, with the addition of a final ‹v› to give modern Welsh gwÿrÿf (= virgin)

:_______________________________.

fa ‹VA› pronoun
1 he (South-east Wales)

:_______________________________.

-fa ‹VA› suffix
1 place
Nouns formed with this suffix are feminine

..a/ coedfa wood, woodland, wooded place
(coed = wood) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)

..b/ creigfa rocky place
(creig- < craig = rock) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place

..c/ Derwenfa “place of the oak tree”
(derwen = oak) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)
House name in Dinbÿch (county of Dinbÿch) (in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1) (as “Bro Hedd”)

..d/ gwladfa colony = settlement of people far from their homeland who maintain ties with the country of origin
(gwlad = country)+ (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)

..e/ Hafanfa (house name) haven
(“haven-place”) (hafan = haven) + (-fa)

Exception to the gender rule:
Although –fa nouns are feminine, there is an excpeton
morfa, y morfa sea marsh, the sea marsh

:_______________________________.

-fab ‹vab›
1 suffix used in creating pseudonyms
Glynfab ‘son of Glÿn (Rhondda)’ (glÿn = valley)

In the list of subscribers to the memorial volume to the poet Twynog published in 1912 (“Twynog - Cyfrol Goffa y diweddar T. Twynog Jeffreys, Rhymni”) there appear

(1) Mr. Ben Jones, Merthÿrtudful (Merthyrfab) (“son of Merthÿr”)

(2) Brynfab, Pont-y-pridd (“son (of the) hill”)

(3) Mr. James Williams, Fochriw (Pentwÿnfab) (“son of Pentwÿn” – a village name)

(4) Mr. David Davies, Aberaman (Eurfab) (“son of gold” – aur = gold)

ETYMOLOGY: soft-mutated form of mab (= son)

:_______________________________.

Y Fachddeiliog ‹ə vaakh DHEIL yog›

1 place in Y Bala

Safai yr hen Wenallt mewn pantle, rhwng y fan y saif y Wenallt presenol a'r llwyn o goed a elwir Nyrs Fachddeiliog, yn ymyl hen orsaf ffordd haiarn y Bala.
Adgofion Andronicus (= John William Jones, Y Bala, 1842-1895) Cyhoeddwyd: Caernarfon 1894 t24

The old Wenallt (farmhouse) stood in a hollow, between the place where the present Wenallt stands and a wood which was called Fachddeiliog Nursery, next to the old railway station in Y Bala

ETYMOLOGY: (“leafy nook” (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (bach = nook, corner, secluded spot) + soft mutation + (deiliog = leafy)

:_______________________________.

Y Fach-wen ‹vaakh WEN›
1 place name - the white nook

:_______________________________.

Fadog ‹vâ -dog› masculine noun
1 soft-mutated form (m > f) of the man’s name Madog, occurring as a genitive form in certain place names after a feminine main element

.....(a) Heol Fadog (“(the) road (of) Madog”) farm north-east of Y Pil (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

.....(b) Pontfadog pont Fadog (“(the) bridge (of) Madog”) village 6km west of Y Waun, county of Wrecsam, North-east Wales

.....(c) Craig Fadog (“(the) crag (of) Madog”) 1,5 km north-west of Fforddygyfraith (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

:_______________________________.

Y Faenol ‹ə vei -nol›
1 locality in Y Felinheli (county of Gwÿnedd)

Parc y Faenol locality in the county of Gwÿnedd
English name: Vaynol Park
“(the) field (of) the house of the district chief”

(parc = field) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (maenol, northern form of maenor = house of the district chief)

2 Name of a tithing in Tywÿn (county of Gwÿnedd)
Here there is “Faenol Avenue”, which would be Ffordd y Faenol (amongst other possibilities) in Welsh
Also there is a street here called Faenol Isaf

3 “Faenol Avenue” Name of a street in Abergele (county of Conwÿ)
This would be Ffordd y Faenol (amongst other possibilities) in Welsh

ETYMOLOGY: “the house of the district chief”
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (maenol, northern form of maenor = house of the district chief; maenor is literally ‘stones’, < maenawr; maen (= stone) + (-awr plural suffix)

NOTE: The English spelling Vaynol is a good indication of the pronunciation of the word in Welsh

:_______________________________.

Y Faenor ‹ə vei -nor›
1 (SO0510) locality in the district of Brycheiniog (county of Powÿs). English spelling: Vaynor
2 a parish at this place
(1961) population: 3.472; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 26%
(1971) population: 3.475; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 14%

ETYMOLOGY: “the house of the district chief”
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (maenor = house of the district chief)

In fact, a short name for an original Maenorwynno (“(the) tract (of) Gwynno”)

(maenor = tract, administrative division) + soft mutation + (Gwynno = saint’s name)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/307513 (“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

See maenor

NOTE: The English spelling Vaynor is a good indication of the pronunciation of the word in Welsh
:_______________________________.

Y Faenor Uchaf ‹ə vei –nor ii-kha›
1 (SN6182) parish in Ceredigion (Dyfed)

ETYMOLOGY: “upper Faenor” (y Faenor) + (uchaf = upper);
maenor (= house of the district chief)

:_______________________________.

Y Faerdre ‹ə veir–dre›
1 place name

A colloquial pronunciation is Y Fardre (qv), and this sometines appears on maps

ETYMOLOGY:

“(the) trêv or farmstead (of) the maer or steward”

(y definite article ) + soft mutation + (maerdre < maerdref a steward’s farmstead)

A final f [v] in a polysyllabic word is retained in the literay language, though it has not been a feature of the spoken language for some centuries

Maerdref is (maer = steward) + soft mutation + (tref = trêv, farmstead)

:_______________________________.

’fagddu ‹vag -dhi› feminine noun
1 usually as y fagddu < afagddu (= utter darkness; hell), from Afagddu, nickname of Morfran eil Tegid, the son of Ceridwen.

yn dywÿll fel y fagddu pitch dark

mor dywÿll â’r fagddu pitch dark

See Afagddu

:_______________________________.

fagl ‹va -gal› feminine noun
1 Soft-mutatred form of magl (= trap)
y fagal (= the trap)

2 In Yr Hob (county of Wrecsam) there is a street called “Fagl Lane” (which would be Lôn y Fagl in Welsh)

:_______________________________.

fain ‹vain› adjective
1 Soft mutated form (m > f) of main = slim, skinny, thin
merch fain a slim girl (there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun)

In the past there was soft mutation with an adjective after a man’s name in forming epithets, and there are examples in modern Welsh

Dic Fain (slim Dick / Richard) (Example from Llafar Gwlad, number 73, Haf (summer) 2001 an article by Bobi Owen on nicknames in Dinbÿch (‘Denbigh’ in English))

:_______________________________.

faint ‹vaint› pronoun
1 faint? = how much? how many?
faint o bobl? how many people?
faint o athrawon? how many teachers?

2 (price) faint? = how much? what price?
faint ydi pris y siocled? how much is the choclate?

3 faint o... ac o...? = how many... and how many... ?
Faint o athrawon ac o lyfrgellwÿr Cymru fyddai'n barod i wneud hÿn? How many of Wales's teachers and librarians would be prepared / willing to do this?

4 how long (= faint o amser)
North Wales dweud faint sÿdd tan 'Dolig berate somebody ("say how much time there is until Christmas")

am faint mwÿ bÿdd y ffilm yn para? how much longer does the film last?

5 faint sÿdd ei angen arnoch? how much / how many do you need? (“(it-is) how-much its necessity on you”)

6 (clock time)
Faint o’r gloch ÿw hi? What time is it?
Faint wnaiff hi o’r gloch, meddwch chi? What time do you reckon it is?

7 (linear measurement) what measurement, what distance; how many inches, how many miles, etc
Faint ÿch chi am eich cluniau? What’s your hip size? (“what measurement are you around your hips”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh faint < (pa faint = which amount, what amount)
< (pa = which) + soft mutation + (maint = size, amount)

:_______________________________.

faint bynnag ‹vaint bə -nag›
1 whatever (= whatever amount / sum / quantity)

2 faint bynnag fo’i werth whatever it may be worth

3 faint bynnag o... not matter how much..., no matter what quantity...

Chewch chi moni hi faint bynnag o arian a wariwch chi
You won’t get it no matter how much money you spend

ETYMOLOGY: faint bynnag < pa faint bynnag
(pa = which, what) + soft mutation + (maint = size, quantity) + soft mutation + (pynnag = whatever)

:_______________________________.

faint gwell ‹vaint gwelh ›
1 how much better off
Tawn i’n neud hynnÿ, faint gwell fyddwn i wedÿn? If I were to do that, how much better off would I be afterwards?

Faint gwell fyddwn ni o’i brynu? How much better off are we by buyng it? How will buying it benefit us?

ETYMOLOGY: (pa faint = what quantity) + (gwell = better) > pa faint gwell > faint gwell

:_______________________________.

Fair ‹vair› feminine noun
1 soft-mutated form of Mair = Mary; the Virgin Mary

..1/ Celynnen Fair (Ruscus aculeatus) butcher's broom (“(the) holly (of) Mary”)

..2/ Y Forwÿn Fair = the Virgin Mary, the Madonna

..3/ Ffynnon Fair Lady Well, (“(the) well (of) Mary”)

..4/ Gwÿl Fair Lady Day, February the second (“(the) feastday (of) Mary”)

..5/ Llanfair ‹lhan-ver› llan Fair (“(the) church (dedicated to) (the Virgin) Mary”, Mary Church)

..6/ ysgallen Fair (“(the) thistle (of the Virgin) Mary”) Silybium marianum milk thistle

:_______________________________.

'falau (fale, fala) ‹VA le›
1 apples - clipped form of afalau

:_______________________________.

falf <VALV> [valv] feminine noun
PLURAL falfiau <VALV-yai, -ye> [ˡvalvjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 valve = device which allows a liquid or air to flow in one direction anly
falf ryddháu release valve ("valve (of) releasing" < rhyddhau)
falf wagio exit valve ("valve (of) emptying" < gwagio)
falf ddiogelu safety valve ("valve (of) keeping safe" < diogelu)
falf gau stop valve ("valve (of) closing" < cau)
falf bêl ball valve ("valve (of) ball" < pêl)

ETYMOLOGY: English valve < Middle English < Latin valva (= folding door, door leaf)

:_______________________________.

y fall <ə VALH> [ə vaɬ] feminine noun
1 evil; wickedness; the Evil One, the Devil, Satan; evil people, evil ones

Samuel-2 22:5 Canys gofidion angau a’m cylchynasant; afonydd y fall a’m dychrynasant i
Samuel-2 22:5 When the waves of death compassed me, the floods of ungodly men made me afraid

2 grymoedd y fall the powers of darkness

ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (mall = blight, plague, pestilence). See mall.

:_______________________________.

falle <VA-lhe> [ˡvaɬɛ] adverb
1 maybe, perhaps; see efallai

NOTE: falle / ’falle < efalle < efallai.

In colloquial Welsh, a final diphthong "ai" becomes "e" efallai > efalle;

and colloquially in Welsh a first syllable can drop away in the case of certain words – a very common feature in Welsh

efalle > ’falle

There is in fact a further development in the south-east where the intial [v] becomes [w]

Here a final e is pronounced a (falle > falla) and so falla > walla

Another example of f > w is the place name Llansantffráid yn Elfael, in mid-Wales, colloquially… yn Elwel. (final ae, like final ai, becomes e)

Walla <WA-lha> [ˡwɑɬa] is also to be heard as wylla <WƏ-lha> [ˡwəɬa], where the a in the tonic syllable becomes the obscure vowel [ə] – a feature found in other words in Welsh

:_______________________________.

Falmai <VAL-mai> [ˡvalmaɪ]
1 woman's name

:_______________________________.

Y Fam Ynÿs <ə VAM Ə-nis> [ə ˡvam ˡənɪs] feminine noun
1 nickname for Ynÿs Môn = 'the mother isle', from the saying Môn mam Cymru ("Môn the mother of Wales") - in former times this fertile island provided the mainland with grain. The poorer soils and the altitude of the mainland made it difficult to grow crops there

Mae trigolion y Fam Ynÿs yn gandrÿll fod y Sir wedi ei gadael oddi ar yr arian Iwro newÿdd
The inhabitants of the Mother Island are furious that the county has been left off the new Euro money

ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (Mam Ynÿs "mother island")

:_______________________________.

1 fan <VAN> [van] feminine noun
PLURAL faniau <VAN-yai, -ye> [ˡvanjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 van = vehicle for carrying equipment, goods, people
fan fudo removal van (qv)
fan ddodrefn removal van (North)
fan gelfi removal van (South)
fan halio tow-truck
fan heddlu police van (qv)

2 van = vehicle for distributing goods (often defined in terms of the goods carried)
fan ddosbarthu delivery van
fan ddosrannu delivery van
fan ddanfon delivery van
fan bost post van
fan fara bread van (qv)
fan lyfrau book van

3 gyrrwr fan van driver
dÿn fan van driver, van man

4 fan ddu police van (American: paddy wagon) (Englandic: Black Maria)

5 fan y gard (Railroad / Railway) (American: baggage car) (Englandic: van, guard's van); final wagon in a train where the guard travels

ETYMOLOGY: English van < caravan < Italian caravana < Persian kârwân

:_______________________________.

2 fan <VAN> [van]
1 soft mutation of ban (= peak, mountain top)

In Bannau Brycheiniog <BA-nai, -ne, brə-KHEIN-yog> [ˡbanaɪ, -ɛ, brəˡxəɪnjɔg] ('the peaks of the region of Brycheiniog') (English: The Brecon Beacons) there are a number of names with fan

- Y Fan Fawr <ə van VAUR> [ə van ˡvaʊr] “ big peak”
- Y Fan Fraith <ə van VRAITH> [ə van ˡvraɪθ] “speckled peak”
- Y Fan Hir <ə van HIIR> [ə van ˡhiːr] “long peak”

Here the soft mutation is to be expected (singular feminine noun after the definite article)

In other names it is unusual – the non-mutated form ban would be expected. It is probably an imitation of the names above (Y Fan Fawr / Fraith / Hir)

- Fan Bwlch Chwÿth <VAN bulkh KHWIITH> [ˡvan bʊlx ˡxwiːθ] “peak of the windy gap”
- Fan Frynÿch <van VRƏ-nikh> [van ˡvrənɪx] “Brynach's peak”
- Fan Gyhirÿch <VAN gə-HII-rikh> [ˡvan gəˡhiˑrɪx]
- Fan Llia <van LHII-a> [van ˡɬɪa]
- Fan Nedd <van NEEDH> [van ˡneːð] “peak in the district of Nedd”

:_______________________________.

Y Fan <ə VAN> [ə ˡvan]
1 SN5658 hill 283m by Trefilan (Ceredigion)

Below is a farm called Tal-fan SN5557 tâl y fan “(place) facing Y Fan” (tâl = forehead) + (Y Fan). The loss of the linking definite article is a common feature of place names

2 John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernÿw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911):

March 1745. Thomas Van was indicted for stealing boards from the floors of the Whitefriars, Cardiff, to build a slope-house in the town.

1754: Alice, wife of Thomas Van, of Cardiff, victualler, was convicted of stealing four gold guineas. She was sentenced "To be hanged by the neck," but these words at foot of the Indictment have been struck through with the pen.

(The name is likely to be Tomos y Fan, Tomos from Y Fan)

https://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=48123

ETYMOLOGY: The hillname Y Fan means ‘the peak’ (y definite article = the) + soft mutation + (ban = peak)

:_______________________________.

3 fan <VAN> [van]
1 suffix = place

:_______________________________.

y fan a’r fan Y Fan <ə VAN ar VAN> [ə ˡvan ar ˡvan]
1 such and such a place = a place indicated but not specified

yn y fan a’r fan in such and such a place = in a place indicated but not specified

Aem at bobl y farchnad a dweud wrthÿnt fod “John Jones, Tŷ-gwÿn,” neu ryw berson dychmygol arall, yn ymofyn ei weled yn y fan-ar-fan
We would go up to the people in the market and say to them that John Jones, of Tŷ-gwÿn, or some other imaginary person, was asking to see them in such and such a place

ETYMOLOGY: “the place and the place” (y = the) + soft mutation + (man = place) , (a’r = and the)

:_______________________________.

fandal <VAN-dal> [ˡvandal] (m)

PLURAL fandaliaid <van-DAL-yaid, -yed> [vanˡdaljaɪd, -ɛd]
1 vandal
Cafodd y ceiliog alarch ei drin ar ôl i fandaliaid daflu poteli ato
The male swan was treated after vandals threw bottles at it

ETYMOLOGY: from English vandal < Latin Vandalus < Germanic

:_______________________________.

fandaleiddio <van-dal-EIDH-yo> [vandalˡəɪðjɔ] verb
1 vandalise

ETYMOLOGY: imitation of English vandalise (fandal = vandal) + (-eiddio, suffix for forming verbs equivalant to the English suffix -ise, -ize)

:_______________________________.

fan fara <van VAA-ra> [van ˡvɑˑra] feminine noun
PLURAL faniau bara <VAN-yai, -ye BAA-ra> [ˡvanjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡbɑˑra]
1 baker's van, bread van (for delivering bread, or selling bread)

ETYMOLOGY: (fan = van) + soft mutation + (bara = bread)

:_______________________________.

fan fudo <van VII-do> [van ˡviˑdɔ] feminine noun
PLURAL faniau mudo <VAN-yai, -ye MII-do> [ˡvanjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡmiˑdɔ]
1 removals van

ETYMOLOGY: (fan = van) + soft mutation + (mudo = move)

:_______________________________.

fanhadlog <va-NHAD-log> [vaˡnhadlɔg] adjective
1 Soft mutated form (b > f) of the adjective banhadlog (= abounding in broom)

Gellifanadlog place name in Senghenÿdd (county of Caerffili)
y gelli fanhadlog ‘broomy grove’
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (celli = wood, grove) + soft mutation + (banhadlog = broomy)

There is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun

2 Soft mutated form (b > f) of the feminine noun banhadlog (= place with broom, broomy land)

:_______________________________.

fan heddlu <van HEDH-li> [van ˡhɛðlɪ] feminine noun
PLURAL faniau heddlu <VAN-yai, -ye HEDH-li> [ˡvanjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡhɛðlɪ]
1 (USA: patrol wagon, paddy wagon) (Englandic: police van, Black Maria)

ETYMOLOGY: "van (of) police" (fan = van) + (heddlu = police)

:_______________________________.

fan hwÿraf / fan hwÿra’ <van HUI-rav, van HUI-ra> [van ˡhʊɪrav, van ˡhʊɪra] adverb
1 at the latest
Bydda i nôl am chwech fan hwÿraf I'll be back by six at the latest

ETYMOLOGY: (man = place) + (hwÿraf = latest); soft mutation of the intial consonant of the phrase to indicate that it is adverbial

:_______________________________.

fanila <va-NII-la-> [vaˡniˑla] masculine noun
1 vanilla = tropical orchid of the genus Vanilla, especially Vanilla fragrans; an extract from the fruit is used as a flavouring

2 vanilla = the fruit or bean of this plant

3 vanilla = the extract from this fruit

coden fanila vanilla pod
ffäen fanila or ffeuen fanila vanilla bean
hufen iâ fanila vanilla ice cream
rhin fanila vanilla essence

ETYMOLOGY: English vanilla < New Latin < Castilian vainilla (= little pod)
< (vain- < vaina) + (-illa diminutive suffix); vaina < Latin vâgîna (= sheath);

cf Welsh gwain (= sheath, vagina) < Latin vâgîna

:_______________________________.

fan lleiaf, fan lleia’ <van LHEI-av, van LHEI-a> [van ˡɬəɪav, van ˡɬəɪa] adverb
1 at the very least

Bron nad oedd yr hÿn a ddywedwÿd yn gabledd; yr oedd fan leiaf yn gablu urddas y drefn Fethodistaidd
what had been said was almost blasphemy; at the very least it compromised the dignity of the Methodist order

ETYMOLOGY: (man = place) + (lleiaf = least); soft mutation of the intial consonant of the phrase to indicate that it is adverbial

:_______________________________.

fantol <VAN-tol> [ˡvantɔl] feminine noun
1 soft-mutated form of mantol (= scales)
yn y fantol (= in the balance, at stake)

:_______________________________.

fanw <VAA-nu> [ˡvɑˑnʊ]
1 female, after animal names which are feminine; cath fanw female cat

ETYMOLOGY: soft mutated form of banw, a variant of benÿw (= woman)

:_______________________________.

Y Farchynÿs <ə VARKH-ənis> [ə ˡvarxənɪs]
1 SH6617 Farm east of Y Bermo

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=285728 map

ETYMOLOGY: “the horse-island”

(y definite article ) + soft mutation + (marchynÿs = horse island)

marchynÿs < (march = horse) + (ynÿs = island)

Cf Scottish Gaelic Marginis (English: Markinch) in Fìobha / Fife, said to have been an island in a lake existing in 1200.

:_______________________________.

Y Fardre <VAR-dre> [ˡvardrɛ]

1 a colloquial form of Y Faerdre (qv)

Y Fardre SH9675 farm by Abergele (“Vardre Fm” = Vardre Farm on the Ordnance Survey maps)

ETYMOLOGY: y fardre < y faerdre < y faerdref

“(the) trêv or farmstead (of) the maer or steward”

(y definite article ) + soft mutation + (maerdre < maerdref a steward’s farmstead)
:_______________________________.

Fari Lwÿd <VAA-ri LUID> [ˡvɑˑrɪ ˡlʊɪd]
1 see Mari Lwÿd

:_______________________________.

farnais <VAR-nais, –nes> [ˡvarnaɪs, –nɛs] masculine noun
1 varnish ENG-Z

NOTE: Colloquially farnis / farnish <VAR-nis, –nish> [ˡvarnɪs, –nɪʃ]

ETYMOLOGY: farnais < English varnish < Middle English < Middle Frech vernis < Medieval latin vernicium (= sandarac) < Medieval Greek bernîkê / ber’nîkê, a syncopated form of / Berenîkê, a city in Cyrenaica

The word was borrowed into Welsh after the sound change er > ar had occurred in this word in English

Cf other words in Welsh from English:

..a/ fferm and ffarm (= farm); the standard form fferm is a pre- “er > ar” form

..b/ person (= parson) is a pre- “er > ar” form

:_______________________________.

farnais ewinedd <VAR-nais, -nes. eu-II-nedh> [ˡvarnaɪs, -ɛs, ɛʊˡiˑnɛð] masculine noun
1 nail varnish

ETYMOLOGY: "varnish (of) nails" (farnais = varnish) + (ewinedd = nails)

:_______________________________.

Farsiafa <var-SHAA-va> [varˡʃɑˑva] feminine noun
1 A Welsh spelling of an approximation of the Polish pronunciation of Warszawa <var-SHA-va> [varˡʃava], the capital of Poland

English: Warsaw <WOO-soo> [ˡwoˑsoː]

:_______________________________.

Y Farteg <ə VAR-teg> [ə ˡvartɛg]
1 hill name

…1/ Y Farteg SN7707 hill above Ystalyfera (Powÿs) (Anglicised as “Varteg Hill”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/18476

Penrhiwfarteg SN7707 <pen-hriu-VAR-teg> [pɛn hrɪʊ ˡvartɛg] place near here pen rhiw’r farteg “(the) bottom-end (of the) hillside (of) the Farteg” (pen = end; top) + (rhiw = slope, hillside) + (Y Farteg hill name). The loss of the linking definite article is a common feature of place names

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/917581 Penrhiwfarteg

………………………………………………………………

..2/ Street names in the village of Y Brÿn SS8192 (Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) by Heol Maes-teg

..a/ Cwmfarteg <kum-VAR-teg> [kʊmˡvartɛg] (“Cwm Farteg”) cwm y Farteg “the valley below Y Farteg”

..b/ Brÿnfarteg <brin-VAR-teg> [brɪnˡvartɛg] (“Bryn Varteg”) brÿn y Farteg

brÿn y Farteg “the hill of Y Farteg”

(the linking definite article is very often omitted in place names)

(as a street name with the form of a settlement name – without any element indicating ‘road’, street’, ‘avenue’, etc – it is best spelt as a settlement name, i.e. as a single word, Brynfarteg instead of Bryn Farteg)

..c/ “Varteg Row”, which would be Rhestr y Farteg in Welsh (and one would expect a local form such as Ystar Fartag)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=173213 Y Brÿn

………………………………………………………………

…3/ Y Farteg SO2605 village in Torfaen, above Abersychan and Pont-y-pw^l. On some maps with the English name “Varteg Hill”, on the Ordnance Survey map as “Varteg”.

Mynÿdd y Farteg Fawr “greater Mynÿdd y Farteg”

Mynÿdd y Farteg Fach “lesser Mynÿdd y Farteg”

mÿnÿdd y Farteg “(the) uplands (of) (the spot called) Y Farteg”

It seems that here the adjectives mawr / bach have soft-mutated because they are used to differentiate each part of a pair. This is also to be seen in farm names of masculine gender, where a soft mutated adjective would otherwise not be expected. Thus Y Garth Fawr, Y Garth Fach, (“Greater Y Garth, lesser Y Garth) instead of Y Garth Mawr, Y Garth Bach, which would suggest “big hill, little hill” (garth = hill)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/678880 Mynÿdd y Farteg Fawr

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO2605 Y Farteg

………………………………………………………………

…4/ Penfarteg <pen-VAR-teg> [pɛn ˡvartɛg] SN5162 south of Pennant, Ceredigion, and east of Aberaeron

ETYMOLOGY: y farteg “the fair place / the fair hill”

(y definite article) + soft mutation + (marteg)

Marteg (qv) was originally marchdeg (march = horse; also used as an intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (teg = fair)

The use of march to intensify is paralleled by the use of “horse” in English – “horse mushroom”, etc

NOTE: There has been a tendency to spell some Welsh place names wihich have the letter “f” with a letter “v” instead, as to non-Welsh speakers it seems absurd that the letter ‘f’ in Welsh represents the sound [v]. In the case of Y Farteg, there may also be an attempt to avoid disagreeable associations, as to an Anglicised mind the correct Welsh spelling resembles the unpleasant English word ‘fart’.

(delw 7428)

:_______________________________.

fasa fawr i ti…? <VA-sa VAUR i ti> [ˡvasa ˡvaʊr ɪ tɪ]
1 (North-west) would you mind…

Fasa fawr i ti roi’r platia ’ma ar y bwrdd?

Would you mind putting these plates on the table? Could you put these plates on the table for me?

:_______________________________.

fasa fo ddim <VA-sa-vo DHIM> [ˡvasavɔ ˡðɪm]
1 he wouldn't (North-west)

:_______________________________.

fasa fo? <VA-sa-vo> [ˡvasavɔ]
1 would he? (North-west)

:_______________________________.

fasa hi ddim ‹VA sa hi DHIM›
1 she wouldn't (North-west)

:_______________________________.

fasa hi? ‹VA sa hi›
1 would she? (North-west)

:_______________________________.

fasach chi ddim ‹VA sa khi DHIM›
1 you wouldn't (North-west)

:_______________________________.

fasach chi? ‹VA sa khi›
1 would you? (North-west)

:_______________________________.

fasan nhw ddim ‹VA sa nu DHIM›
1 they wouldn't (North-west)

:_______________________________.

fasan nhw? ‹VA sa nu›
1 would they? (North-west)

:_______________________________.

fasan ni ddim ‹VA sa ni DHIM›
1 we wouldn't (North-west)

:_______________________________.

fasan ni? ‹VA sa ni›
1 would we? (North-west)

:_______________________________.

fasat ti ddim ‹VA sa ti DHIM›
1 you wouldn't (North-west)

:_______________________________.

fasat ti? ‹VA sa ti›
1 would you? (North-west)

:_______________________________.

fase fe ddim ‹VA se ve DHIM›
1 he wouldn't

:_______________________________.

fase fe? ‹VA se ve›
1 would he?

:_______________________________.

fase fo ddim ‹VA se vo DHIM›
1 he wouldn't (North-east)

:_______________________________.

fase fo? ‹VA se vo›
1 would he? (North-east)

:_______________________________.

fase hi ddim ‹VA se hi DHIM›
1 she wouldn't (unified colloquial Welsh)

:_______________________________.

fase hi? ‹VA se hi›
1 would she? (unified colloquial Welsh)

:_______________________________.

fasech chi ddim ‹VA se khi DHIM›
1 you wouldn't

:_______________________________.

fasen nhw ddim ‹VA se nu DHIM›
1 they wouldn't (unified colloquial Welsh)

:_______________________________.

fasen nhw? ‹VA se nu›
1 would they? (unified colloquial Welsh)

:_______________________________.

fasen ni ddim ‹VA se ni DHIM›
1 we wouldn't (unified colloquial Welsh)

:_______________________________.

fasen ni? ‹VA se ni›
1 would we? (unified colloquial Welsh)

:_______________________________.

faset ti ddim ‹VA se ti DHIM›
1 you wouldn't (unified colloquial Welsh)

:_______________________________.

faset ti? ‹VA se ti›
1 would you? (unified colloquial Welsh)

:_______________________________.

faswn i ddim ‹VA sun i DHIM›
1 I wouldn't (unified colloquial Welsh)

:_______________________________.

faswn i? ‹VA sun i›
1 would I? (unified colloquial Welsh)

:_______________________________.

y fath beth ‹ə vaath beeth ›
1 such a thing
Mae’n anodd credu’r fath beth It’s hard to believe such a thing
Duw a’n gwaredo rhag y fath beth God save us from such a thing!

ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (math = kind, sort, type) + soft mutation + (peth = thing)

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Fatho ‹vâ -tho› masculine noun
1 soft-mutated form (m > f) of the man’s name Matho (qv) (= Matthew) occurring as a genitive form in this place name:

Graig Fatho (“(the) crag (of) Matthew”) a farm east of Coedelái ST0185 (near Tonyrefail, county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

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..1 fawr ‹vaur› adjective
1 Soft mutated form (m > f) of mawr = big
Y Bont Fawr the big bridge
Yr Allt Fawr the big hill (name of a hill in the district of Meirionÿdd, county of Gwÿnedd);
(in these names there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun)

2 In the past there was soft mutation with an adjective after a man’s name in forming epithets, and there are examples in modern Welsh
Ifan Fawr (big Ifan) Example from Llafar Gwlad, number 73, Haf (summer) 2001 an article by Bobi Owen on nicknames in Dinbÿch (‘Denbigh’ in English)

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..1 fawr o
..1 not much

..2 heb fawr o without much...;
heb fawr o lwc without much luck ("without (a) great (amount) of luck")

..3 (before a plural noun) only a few, not many
does fawr o there aren't many...
eglwÿsi bychain o bren a chlai a godwÿd, a does fawr o'r rhain erbÿn hÿn
small churches of clay and wood were built, and there aren't many of those today

ETYMOLOGY: soft mutation of mawr (= big)

NOTE: Also fawr ddim o

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..1 fawr ‹vaur› pronoun
1 not much time
does ganddo fawr i fyw he hasn’t got long to live
ni fu fawr byw wedi hynny he didn’t live long after that

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fawr fwy ‹vaur vui › adv
1 not much more, not + little more

Fedrwn ni wneud fawr fwy nag aros ein cyfle
We can do little more than wait for our chance

ETYMOLOGY: (fawr soft-mutated form of mawr = big) + (fwy soft-mutated form of mwy = more)

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fawr neb ‹vaur neeb› pronoun
1 hardly anyone

Ddaeth fawr neb hardly anybody came

Fu yno fawr neb ddoe there was hardly anybody there yesterday

NOTE: Also fawr o neb

ETYMOLOGY: (fawr, soft mutation of mawr = big) + (neb = somebody, nobody)

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fawr o
1 ni + fawr o, nid + fawr o not much
Does (= nid oes) fawr o Gymráeg rhyngddyn nhw They’re not speaking to each other, They’ve fallen out, They’re not on good terms with each other (“there’s not much Welsh between them”)

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fawr o beth ‹vaur o beeth›
ni + fawr o beth
nid + fawr o beth

1 not much use

2 (person) useless
Dÿw e fawr o beth He’s useless
Mi 'roedd gynno fo un mab; ond 'doedd hwnnw fawr o beth ar y ffarm am ei fod wedi cael ei ddandlwn gan ei fam
He had a son, but he wasn’t up to much on the farm because he had been spoilt by his mother

ETYMOLOGY: not much of a thing (fawr = not much, soft mutation of mawr = big) + (o = of) + soft mutation + (peth = thing)

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fawr o daro ‹vaur o dâ-ro› -
North Wales
1 ni + bod fawr o daro ar (rÿwun) not be keen to do sth, not really feel like, not be really bothered about ("not + be much impact on someone)";
Doedd arna i fawr o daro mÿnd I wasn't too bothered about going

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fawr o ddim ‹vaur o dhim› -
1 not much, hardly anything ("not-big / of / something")

2 ni + bod fawr o ddim be not much, be hardly anything
Yr unig dref sÿ'n agos ÿw Dolgellau ac nid oes fawr o ddim yno
The only town nearby is Dolgellau and there's not much there

3 ni + cael fawr o ddim not + find much, find + hardly anything;
Chewch chi fawr o ddim yn y siop fach honno
You won't find much in that little shop (that has been mentioned)

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fe ‹vee›
Literary Welsh ef ‹eev›
1 independent pronoun he (south-west)
Nìd fe sÿdd ar fai / Dim fe sÿdd ar fai / Nage fe sÿdd ar fai It’s not HIShis fault
(In literary Welsh: Nìd ef sÿdd ar fai)

Fe’n unig a wÿr Only he knows, None knows but him

2 Da iawn fe Good for him!

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fechan ‹vê -khan› adjective
1 Soft mutated form ‹b› > ‹v› of bechan, feminine form of bychan (= small, little, lesser)

Graigfechan (the) little rock (village in the county of Dinbÿch);

Nedd Fechan (the) lesser Nedd, a tributary of the Nedd river in south-east Wales
(in these names there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun)

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fedal ‹VE dal›
1 soft mutation of medal
- fedal ddrama, y ‹VE dal DHRA ma› the drama medal (eisteddfod)
- fedal lenyddiaeth, y ‹VE dal le NƏDH yeth› the literature medal (eisteddfod)

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fedd ‹veedh › masculine noun
1 soft-mutated form of bedd = grave
cadw cyfrinach hÿd dy fedd keep a secret until your dying day, take a secret with you to the grave

2 soft-mutated form of medd (= he possesses), from the verb meddu (= to possess)
a fedd... (= which has...)
(the relative pronoun a is often dropped, though the mutation remanins)

Y fi yw y pregethwr mwyaf fedd Sir Fynwy
(Cofiant a Phregethau y Diweddar Barch. David James Llaneurwg. Thomas Rees, D.D, a D. M. Phillips. 1896. t15)
I’m the greatest preacher that the county of Mynwÿ has

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fe ddichon ‹vee dhî -khon› adverb
1 maybe, perhaps
Thomas Morgan, a Thomas Evans, yr wyf yn meddwl, neu fe ddichon John Williams, fuodd yn gweithio yno y noson honno
Thomas Morgan, and Thomas Evans, I think, or maybe (it was) John Williams, were working there that night

ETYMOLOGY: (fe preverbal particle) + soft mutation + (dichon = can)

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fedra i ddim ‹ve-drai- dhim › verb
1 I can't
Fedra i ddim gweld dim bÿd I can’t see a thing
Cofio ei rhif ffôn hi? Fedra i ddim hÿd yn oed cofio ’yn rhif ffôn innau!
Remember her phone number? I don’t even remember MY OWN phone number!

ETYMOLOGY: Literary Welsh ni fedraf (gofio)
(ni = no) + soft mutation + (medraf = puc) + soft mutation + (cofio = remember) > colloquial Welsh fedra i ddim (cofio)
(1) loss of the negator ni
(2) addition of the pronoun i = I
(3) addition of the negator ddim
(4) no mutation after ddim

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fedra i mo ‹ve-drai mo› verb
1 I can't
Fedra i mo’i aros o (North) I can’t stand him

ETYMOLOGY: ni fedraf fi ddim o ei (+ gerund) (+ pronoun tag) (ni negative particle) + soft mutation + (medraf = I can) + (fi = I) + (ddim = not) + (ei = his)

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Y Fedwenarian ‹ə ved-wen ar-yan ›
1 (“Y Fedwen Arian”) street name in Penymynÿdd (SJ3062) (county of Y Fflint)

ETYMOLOGY: “the silver birch” (Betula pendula) (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (bedwen arian = golden birch)

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fegan ‹ve-gan› masculine noun
PLURAL feganiaid ‹ve-gan-yed›
1 vegan = strict vegetarian, one who doesn't eat meat, eggs or milk products

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fe'i ‹vei›
1 preverbal particle fe + third-person direct object determiner ei.

When ei is used independently it is followed by a mutation.

Ei = his, its (referring to nouns of masculine gender) - soft mutation
desg (= desk), roedd papurau Siôn ar ei ddesg Siôn’s papers were on his desk

Ei = her, its (referring to nouns of feminine gender) - spirant mutation
car (= car), gadodd Siân ei hallweddau yn ei char Siân left her keys in her car

However, there is no mutation after fe’i
Fe’i gwelais I saw him, I saw her, I saw it
Fe’i gwelais ef I saw him, I saw it (with the addition of the tag pronoun)
Fe’i gwelais hi I saw her, I saw it (with the addition of the tag pronoun)

Often found used in conjunction with verbs in the passive voice
Fe'i penodwÿd yn brifathro ar ysgol gynradd yng Ngheredigion
He was appointed headmaster of a primary school in Ceredigion
Fe'i cymerwÿd yn garcharor gan y Japaneiaid yn Singapore
He was taken prisoner by the Japanese in Singapore

2 Fe’i lladda i e! I’ll kill him!

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feibion ‹veib -yon›
1 soft-mutated form of meibion (= sons), plural of mab (= son)

Two examples from South Wales: (in the south, the suffix –ion becomes -on, hence meibion > meibon; and ei > ii, hence miibon)

(1) John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernÿw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911), notes a meadow called Gwaun Feibion Siôn
"Gwayne Veibon Shone: (the meadow of the sons of John.) A tenement in the parish of Pentyrch and lordship of Miscyn (1666)”.

The spelling “Gwayne Veibon Shone” is the local form of the name, and probably represents Gweun F’ib’on Shôn.

(2) Llangatwg Feibion Afel village in the county of Mynwÿ (“(the) Llangatwg (of the) sons (of) Abel”) .

The local form would have been Llangatwg Feib’on Afal / Llangatwg F’ib’on Afal.

The “English” form is an approximation of the local form in mostly English spelling – Llangattock Vibon Avel

..1/ in south Wales, the semi-consonant [j] at the head of a final syllable in most cases is absent –ion > -on

..2/ again, especially in South Wales, the diphthong “ei” in a penult syllable is reduced to a half-long simple vowel [i] feib- > f’ib-

..3/ in south-east Wales, in the traditional dialect of the region (“Y Wenhwyseg”), an “e” in a final syllable is replaced by “a” Afel > Afal

..4/ In south-east Wales “b, d, g” at the head of a final syllable are devoiced to “p, t, c”

Thus Llangadog > Llangatog (> Llangatwg)

..5/ An “o” in a final syllable in the south-east is not usually replaced by “w”, but a few other instances of this in other words occur

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Fe’i caiff hi! ‹vei kaif hii›
1 He’s in for it! He’ll cop it! (said of somebody who does something risky or illegal which is bound to result in failure or punishment)

ETYMOLOGY: (fe = affirmative particle ) + (’i = of her, of it) + (caiff = he-she-it will get) + (hi = it)

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Fe’i cei di hi! ‹vei kei dii hii›
1 you’ll catch it!

ETYMOLOGY: (fe = affirmative particle ) + (’i = of her, of it) + (cei di = you will get) + (hi = it)

:_______________________________.

Y Feifod ‹ə vei -vod›
1 (English name: Vivod) place by Llangollen (county of Dinbÿch). See Meifod

:_______________________________.

feitÿ ‹vei -ti› masculine noun
1 clipped form of defeitÿ = sheepcot, shelter for sheep.

There is a Moel Feitÿ ("hill of the sheepcot") SN8524 by Llÿn y Fan Fawr ("lake of the great peak") on Mynÿdd Du ("black hills / black mountain") in the southern part of the county of Powÿs

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fel ‹VEL›
1 like
2 feliau similes which begin with fel (see below; they are grouped

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fêl ‹veel › feminine noun
PLURAL feliau, fêls ‹vel -ye›
1 veil = cloth covering the head and face
Yr oedd hi yn gwisgo fêl dywÿll She was wearing a dark veil

ETYMOLOGY: 19^th century; English veil < Norman veile < Latin vêla (= sails) < vêlum (= sail, cloth)

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fel ag i ‹vel aag i›
1 to, so as to, in order to
gwneud rhÿwbeth fel ag i dynnu sÿlw pawb do something to draw everyone’s attention

ETYMOLOGY: (fel = as, like) + (ag, pre-vowel form of â = with ) + (i = to)

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Y Felallt ‹vel -alht›
1 (SJ5458) Welsh name for the village of Beeston, Cheshire, England; 4km south of Tarporley

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/107108

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: (“the honey hill”)

(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (melallt honey hill):

(mêl = honey) + (allt = hill)

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fel angen pigÿn yn y clust ‹vel a-ngen pî-gin ən ə klist ›
1 Mae arna i ’i angen fel angen pigÿn yn y clust I need it like a hole in the head (i.e. I don’t need it at all, it would not be pleasant to have it) (“I need it like a pain in the ear”)

ETYMOLOGY: (fel = like) + (angen = need) + (pigÿn = pain) + (yn = dins) + (y = definite article) + (clust = ear)

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fel arall
1 otherwise = differently
tybio fel arall think otherwise
meddwl fel arall think otherwise
gwneud fel arall do otherwise
fel arall y clywais i I heard differently
weithiau fel hÿn, weithiau fel arall sometimes like this, and sometimes differently

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…fel arian ‹vel ar-yan› -
1 sgleinio fel arian = shine like silver
2 gloÿw fel arian as bright as silver, silver-bright, sparkling bright
cododd e bedol oddi ar yr heol, un loÿw fel arian
he picked up a horseshoe from the road, one as bright as silver

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…fel baw ‹vel a-skurn›
1 rhad fel asgwrn as cheap as dirt, dirt-cheap

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…fel asgwrn ‹vel a-skurn›
1 sÿch fel asgwrn dry as a bone

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…fel bol buwch ‹vel bol biukh› -
1 (said of a dark place) bod fel bol buwch be pitch-black ("be like (a) belly (of a) cow")

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…fel bwcram ‹vel bu -kram›
1 stiff fel bwcram (“stiff like buckram”) (buckram = a stiff fabric made from cotton )

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…fel ’bwÿren ‹vel bui -ren›
1 See: fel pabwÿren

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…fel cadno ‹vel kad no›
1 (South Wales) cyfrwÿs fel cadno as sly as a fox, as cunning as a fox, as artful as a monkey (in the north: “fel llwÿnog” = like a fox)

ETYMOLOGY: cadno = southern word for ‘fox’

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…fel cannwÿll corff ‹vel ka-nuill korf› -
1 said of somebody who appears to be on the point of death ("like a corpse candle", literally 'death candle')
Mae o fel cannwÿll corff He's got one foot in the grave ("he's like a corpse candle")

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…fel cath am laeth ‹vel kaath am laith›
1 (“like (a) cat for milk”) said of somebody who drinks too much beer, etc

ETYMOLOGY: : (fel = like) + (cath = cat) + (am = for) + soft mutation + (llaeth = milk)

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…fel cefn eich llaw ‹vel ke-ven əkh llau ›
1 adnabod rhÿwbeth fel cefn eich llaw know something like the back of your hand

ETYMOLOGY: (fel = like) + (cefn = back) + (eich = your) + (llaw = hand)

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…fel ci a’i gynffon rhwng ei afl ‹vel kii ai gən-fon hrung i a-fal›
1 dejected, miserable, unhappy, crestfallen, with its tail between its legs, cowed

ETYMOLOGY: (“like a dog with its tail in its crotch / between its legs”)
(fel = like) + (ci = dog) + (â’i = with its) + soft mutation + (cynffon = tail) + (rhwng = between) + (ei = its, his) + soft mutation + (gafl = crotch)

:_______________________________.

…fel ci ar gadwÿn ‹vel kii ar gad-win›
1 fel ci ar gadwyn like a dog straining at the leash (“like (a) dog on (a) chain”)
very eager to do something

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…fel ci a’r hwch ‹vel kii ar huukh›
1 bod fel ci a'r hwch (“be like a dog and the sow”) (of a couple who are always arguing) be like cat and mouse; live a cat and dog life

ETYMOLOGY: (fel = like) + (ci = dog) + (a’r = and the) + (hwch = sow)

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…fel ci wrth yr asgwrn ‹vel kii urth ər a-skurn›
1 (“like a dog attached to / busy with the bone”) not giving something up easily, not allowing something to be taken away; hanging onto something for dear life

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…fel ci yn y preseb ‹vel kii ən ə pre-seb› -
1 like a dog in the manger; said of somebody who has something which is of no use to him or her but prevents another person who needs it or cold put it to good use from having it (from the image of a dog in a cowhouse lying on the hay in a hayrack and so preventing the cows from eating it)

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…fel clap y felin ‹vel clak ə vê-lin ›
1 (said of a talkative person) “like (the) clack (of) the mill”
Also fel clap melin “like (the) clack (of) (a) mill”

ETYMOLOGY:
(fel = like) + (clap = clack) + (y = the) + soft mutation + (melin = mill)
(fel = like) + (clap = clack) + (melin = mill)

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…fel crisial ‹kri -shal›
1 clir fel crisial crystal clear (“clear like crystal”)

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…fel cŵn a chathod ‹vel kuun aa khâ-thod›
1 ymladd fel cŵn a chathod (many people) fight like cat and dog
Roedd y Taffis a’r Padis yn ymladd fel cŵn a chathod yn ardaloedd glo América
The Taffies and the Paddies fought like cats and dogs in the coalmining areas of America

ETYMOLOGY: (fel = like) + (cŵn = dogs, plural of ci = dog) + (a = and) + aspirate mutation (cathod = cats, plural of cath = cat)

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…fel cwningen ‹vel ku- ni -ngen›
1 like a rabbit
ei wneud e do it = have sex
Mae hi’n ei wneud e fel cwningen She fucks like a bunny rabbit (“she does it like a rabbit”)

:_______________________________.

…fel dail y coed ‹vel dail ə koid ›
1 bod fel dail y coed be ten a penny, be very common (“be like the leaves of the tree”)

ETYMOLOGY: (fel = like) + (dail = leaves, plural of deilen = leaf) + (y definite article) + (coed = trees, plural of coeden = tree)

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…fel dau dincer ‹vel dau ding -ker›
1 (North Wales) (said of a quarrelsome couple) like two tinkers

ETYMOLOGY: (fel = like) + (dau = two) + soft mutation + (tincer = tinker, repairer of damaged or broken objects)

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…fel delw ‹vel de -lu›
1 fel delw stock still (“like a statue”)
mÿnd fel delw stand stock still (“go like / become like a statue”)
Mi aeth fel delw he stood stock still (with fright)
sefÿll fel delw stand stock still (“stand like a statue”)

ETYMOLOGY: (fel = like) + (delw = statue, idol)

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…fel diawl dan garreg ‹vel diaul dan ga-reg›
1 (North-west Wales) said of a constant complainer

ETYMOLOGY: literally: “like a devil under a stone”
(fel = like) + (diawl = devil) + (dan = under) + soft mutation + (carreg = stone)

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…fel dŵr ‹vel duur› adverb
1 “like water” – expresses ease

hawdd fel dŵr plain sailing, easy as pie ("easy like water")

(ei wneud do it = have sex) Mae hi’n ei wneud fel dŵr She fucks like a bunny rabbit (“she does it like water”)

:_______________________________.

…fel dyfrgi ‹vel dəvr-gi› adverb
1 bod fel dyfrgi (person) be soaking wet ("be like an otter")

:_______________________________.

felen
1 Soft mutated form (m > f) of melen, feminine form of melÿn = yellow
(in these examples below there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun)
y dwÿmÿn felen the yellow fever

2 Place names:
Bronfelen (the) yellow hill; street name in Draenen Pen y Graig, Caer-dÿdd

Ffosfelen (the) yellow ditch; street name in Tre-gŵÿr, Abertawe

Heol Felen (the) yellow way; street name in Y Garnant (county of Caerfyrddin)

Rhÿd Felen / Rhÿdfelen (the) yellow ford; original name of Rhÿdyfelin, near Pont-y-pridd.
..a/ The word felen was confused with felin, from melin (= mill).
Thus rhÿd felen > rhÿd felin.
..b/ Then the linking definite article was “restored” rhÿd y felin.
(In such a name as Rhÿdyfelin rhÿd y felin (“the) ford (of) the mill”) it is usual in place names for the linking definite article to be dropped > Rhÿdfelin rhÿd felin)

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…fel ’ffeiriad mewn ffair ‹vel feir-yad meun fair› verb
1 sefÿll allan fel ’ffeiriad mewn ffair
stick out like a sore thumb = be very obvious

ETYMOLOGY: “stand out like a clergyman in a fair”
(sefÿll allan = stand out) + (fel = like) + (ffeiriad < offeiriad = clergyman) + (mewn = in) + (ffair = fair)

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…fel gafr ar daranau ‹vel ga-var ar da-ra-ne›
1 agitated, jumpy, nervous
2 (adverb) agitatedly

ETYMOLOGY: (“like (a) goat on thunderclaps” = like a goat when there are peals of thunder)
(fel = like) + (gafr = goat) + (ar = on; on the occasion of) + soft mutation + (taranau claps of thunder, < taran = clap of thunder, thunderclap)

NOTE: also: fel gafr ar d’ranau ‹dra-ne›.

SPELLING: Gafr ‹ga-var› is also written informally gafar

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…fel gafr wanwÿn ‹vel ga-var wan-win›
1 (South Wales) (said of a constant moaner)
bod fel gafar wanwÿn be a real moaner

(delw 7082)

ETYMOLOGY: “like a nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus)” (noted for its discordant cry) (literally “goat (of) spring”)
(fel = like) + (gafr = goat) + soft mutation + (gwanwÿn = spring)

SPELLING: Gafr ‹ga-var› is also written informally gafar

:_______________________________.

…fel gele ‹vel gê -le›
1 (expressions of clinging, holding on to)

bod yn sownd ynddo fel gele be holding onto it tight (“be tight in it like a leech”)

dal eich gafael ynddo fel gele keep a tight hold of it (“keep your hold in it like a leech”)

glynu fel gele wrth hang onto something like grim death (“stick like a leech to...)

ETYMOLOGY: (fel = like) + (gele = leech)

NOTE: also: fel gelen

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…fel gwain am dwca ‹vel gwain am du-ka›
1 ffitio fel gwain am dwca be a perfect fit, fit like a glove (“fit like a sheath around a knife”)

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…fel iâr ar ben y domen ‹vel yaar ar ben ə do-men ›
1 (person) untidy, messy

ETYMOLOGY: (“like a hen on top of the dungheap”) (fel = like) + (iâr = hen) + (ar ben = on top of) + (y domen = the dungheap, < tomen = dungheap)

NOTE: Also fel iâr ar ben domen without the definite article

:_______________________________.

…fel iâr ar y glaw ‹vel yaar ar ə glau ›
1 miserable, unhappy, crestfallen, down in the dumps, dejected, downhearted (“like a hen in the rain”)

ETYMOLOGY: (“like a hen in the rain”)
(fel = like) + (iâr = hen) + (ar = on, during) + (y = definite article) + (glaw = rain)

:_______________________________.

…fel Iesu Grist bach ‹vel ie-si grist bakh›
1 Mae e fel Iesu Grist bach (scornful) He’s a little goodie-goodie, he’s a little angel (“he’s like a little Jesus Christ”)

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Y Felin ‹o vê -lin›
1 short form for names with melin (= mill) as a first element
(1) Y Felin = Y Felinheli (county of Gwÿnedd, north-west Wales)
(2) Y Felin = Melin-ifan-ddu (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr, south-east Wales)

ETYMOLOGY: “the mill” (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (melin = mill)

:_______________________________.

Y Felin-foel ‹ə vê –lin voil›
1 village by Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)

In south Wales, moel is pronounced mool / mo’l [mo:l] – that is, in words of one syllable in the south the diphthong oe [oi] becomes a long vowel [o:]

An advertisement in the Llanelly Guardian (Thursday 28th July 1864) has an anglicised spelling of the name which indicates the local pronunciation:: Carmarthenshire / Alltygove House Velinvole Llanelly / Sale of Whole of the Household Furniture China, Glass Books etc.

ETYMOLOGY: “the bare mill” (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (melin = mill) + soft mutation + (moel = bare, barren)

(In north Wales, moel refers to a building with no land attached. Is this the meaning here? Or situated in a barren spot? Or is this not the adjective moel in earlier forms of the name?)

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Y Felinheli ‹ə ve lin HE li›
1 place name, Gwÿnedd

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…fel lladd nadroedd ‹vel lhaadh na -drodh›
1 frantically (of work done at great speed)
bod wrthi fel lladd nadroedd be working away frantically

ETYMOLOGY: (“like killing snakes”) (fel = like) + (lladd = to kill, killing) + (nadroedd = snakes, plural of neidr = snake)

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…fel llaid ar farch gwÿn ‹vel lhaid ar varkh gwin›
1 sefÿll allan fel llaid ar farch gwÿn
stick out like a sore thumb = be very obvious

ETYMOLOGY: “stand out like mud on a white horse” (sefÿll allan = stand out) + (fel = like) + (llaid = mud) + (ar = on) + soft mutation + (march gwÿn = white horse)

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…fel llew ‹vel lheu ›
1 dal fel llew yn rhÿwbeth hang onto something like grim death (“hold on like a lion”)

2 said of somebody roaring: rhuo fel llew roaring like a lion

3 said of a man with a strong singing voice
Mae ganddo lais fel llew He has a powerful voice (“he’s got a voice like a lion”)

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…fel llwÿnog ‹vel lhui-nog›
1 (North Wales) cyfrwÿs fel llwÿnog as sly as a fox, as cunning as a fox, as artful as a monkey (in the south: “fel cadno” = like a fox)

ETYMOLOGY: llwÿnog = northern word for ‘fox’

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…fel llygoden eglwÿs ‹vel lhə-gô-den e-gluis›
1 poor (“like a church mouse”)
Mi fÿdd gen i arian pan fydda i'n fawr – fydda i ddim fel llygoden eglwÿs
I’ll have money when I grow up – I won’t be like a church mouse

ETYMOLOGY: “mouse (of) church” (llygoden = mouse) + (eglwÿs = church)

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felltith ‹velh-tith› adjective
1 soft mutation of melltith curse

2 damned, bloody, goddam
y ddynes felltith that bloody woman
yr ast felltith that goddam bitch

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fellÿ ‹VE lhi›
1 therefore

2 nid fellÿ that’s not how...
Nid felly y gwelaf i’r peth That isn’t how I see the matter, That’s not how I see the matter

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…fel maneg ‹vel ma -neg›
1 ffitio fel maneg fit like a glove

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…fel matsien ‹vel ma-chen›
1 easily inflamed
Mae o fel matsien He flies off the handle at the least thing, He’s on a short fuse

ETYMOLOGY: ‘like a match’ (matsien = match)

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…fel mochÿn ‹vel mô -khin›
1 chwyrnu fel mochyn snore like a pig

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…fel mul ‹vel miil› adverb
1 pengaled fel mul as stubborn / headstrong as a mule

2 castiog fel mul tricky to deal with (“tricky like a mule”)
bod yn gastiog fel mul be a slippery customer

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felna ‹vel -na› adverb
1 with the verb bod (= to be)
bod felna be like that, be that way
Felna mae merched That’s the way women are

2 with other verbs
like that, in that way
Nid felna mae siarad That’s no way to talk, it’s very rude to talk like that

3 felna'n union exactly like that, just like that

ETYMOLOGY: felna < fel yna (fel = like) + (yna = that)

NOTE: Also spelt fel’na, fel ’na
In the northeast felne / fel’ne / fel ’ne

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felne ‹vel -ne› adverb
1 (North-east Wales) = felna like that

ETYMOLOGY: felne < fel yne (fel = like) + (yne, northeastern form of yne = that)

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…fel nÿth cythraul ‹vel niith kə -threl› adverb
1 said of an untidy house ("like a devil's nest")

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…fel pabwÿren ‹vel pa- bui -ren›
1 (Colloquially fel ’bwÿren)
yn sÿth fel ’bwÿren as straight as a die (“as straight as a wick”)

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fel petái’n farw ‹vel pe-tain va-ru ›
1 gadael (rhÿwun) fel petái’n farw leave somebody for dead (“leave somebody as if he were dead”)

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…fel pìn mewn papur ‹vel pin meun pa -pir›
1 (house) spick and span, neat and tidy
Yr oedd yr hen Miss Jones yn cadw ei thŷ fel pin mewn papur.
Old Mrs. Jones kept her house spick and span

Ma'r lle ’ma fel pin mewn papur gynnoch chi You’ve really mad it look neat and tidy (“This place is really neat and tidy with you”)

2 (person's appearance) smart, all spruced up, all dolled up, dressed up to the nines
Fe welodd Siân Shencÿn yn troi o’r tŷ fel pin mewn papur
He saw Siân Shencÿn leave the house all dolled up

ETYMOLOGY: “like a pin in paper” (fel = like) + (pìn = pin) + (mewn = in) + (papur = paper)

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…fel pla ‹vel plaa ›
1 bod fel pla be a nuisance (“be like a plague”)
Mae e fel pla He’s a damn nuisance

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…fel plwm ‹vel plum ›
1 suddo fel plwm sink like a stone (“sink like lead / like a lead weight”)

ETYMOLOGY: (fel = like) + (plwm = lead / a lead weight)

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…fel pren ‹vel pren ›
1 stiff fel pren (“stiff like wood”)

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…fel procer ‹vel pro -ker›
1 stiff fel procer (eg the back after lifting heavy objects) (as) stiff as a poker (“stiff like (a) poker”)

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…fel rhuban ‹vel hrî -ban›
1 mynd fel rhuban go at great speed, whizz along

ETYMOLOGY: (mÿnd = go) + (fel = like) + (rhuban = ribbon)

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…fel sachabwndi ‹vel sa-kha-bun-di›
1 (South Wales) bod fel sachabwndi be scruffy

ETYMOLOGY: ‘like a bundle’
(fel = like) + (sachabwndi = bundle, apparently based on sach = sack, and pwn = bundle)

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…fel sach o datws ‹vel saakh o da-tus›
1 (“like a potato sack”) (woman) frumpy, shapeless, unattractive

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…fel saeth ‹vel saith ›
1 (“like an arrow”) as swift as an arrow
2 yn sÿth fel saeth as straight as an arrow, as straight as a ramrod (“as straight as an arrow”)

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…fel siswrn ‹vel si-surn›
1 (intelligence) Mae hi fel siswrn She’s as sharp as a knife (“like (a pair of) scissors”)

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…fel styllen ‹vel stə-lhen› < fel ystyllen
1 comparisons: slimness
fel ystyllen, colloquially fel styllen (“like a board”) as thin as a board, as thin as a rake
bod fel styllen be as thin as a rake
bod yn fain fel styllen be as thin as a rake

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…fel swllt ‹vel sulht› adverb
1 gloÿw fel swllt as shiny as a shilling
Fe rwbiodd ei ’sgidiau â chlwtÿn nes roeddÿnt yn loÿw fel swllt
He rubbed his shoes with a cloth till they were as shiny as a shilling

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…fel swllt newÿdd ‹vel sulht neu-idh›
1 (“like a new shilling”) as fresh as paint

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…fel tân at y carth ‹vel taan at ə karth›
1 easily inflamed
Mae o fel tân at y carth He flies off the handle at the least thing

ETYMOLOGY: ‘like fire to the tow’ (tân = fire) + (at y = to the) + (carth = tow, prepared fibres of flax or hemp)

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…fel troed hwÿaden ‹vel troid hui-â -den›
1 oer fel troed hwyaden (“cold like foot (of) duck”, as cold as a duck’s foot)

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…fel twrci ‹vel tur-ki›
1 cochi fel twrci go as red as a beetroot / lobster ("turn red like a turkey")

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…fel tywod y môr ‹vel tə -wod ə moor›
1 “as the sand of the sea”, as numerous as the grains of sand in the sea

Genesis 41:49 A Joseff a gynullodd ŷd fel tywod y môr, yn dra lluosog, hyd oni pheidiodd a'i rifo: oblegid yr ydoedd heb rifedi.
Genesis 41:49 And Joseph gathered corn as the sand of the sea, very much, until he left numbering; for it was without number.

ETYMOLOGY: (fel = like) + (tywod = sand) + (y definite article) + (môr = sea)

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…fel wÿ ‹vel ui ›
1 moel fel wÿ (‘bald like an egg’) as bald as a coot

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fel y bo ‹vel ə boo ›
1 as the case may be
Fe’i hychwanegir un neu ddwÿ neu dair, fel y bo, o lwÿaid o halen
One or two or three spoonfuls of salt, as the case may be, are added

2 Rhaid llunio’r wadn fel y bo’r troed
You must tailor your wants to your possibilities, one should live within one’s income (“it is necessary to cut the sole as the foot may be”)

ETYMOLOGY: “as it may be” (fel = as) + (y preverbal particle) + (bo it may be, < bod = to be)

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fel y canlÿn ‹vel ə kan-lin›
1 as follows
Ysgrifenna y diweddar Mr. R.O. Rees fel y canlyn - "Yn yr hÿn yr oedd yn esiampl brydferth i'w hoffi a'i hefelychu..."
The late Mr. R. O. Rees writes as follows - "In this respect he was a wonderful example to cherish and imitate..."

ETYMOLOGY: (fel = as) + (y particle introducing a verb) + (canlÿn it follows, from the verb canlÿn = to follow)

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…fel ÿch ‹vel iikh ›
1 yfed fel ÿch drink like a fish (“drink like an ox”)
yfed cwrw fel ÿch drink beer like there’s no tomorrow (“drink beer like an ox”)

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…fel y dur ‹vel ə diir ›
1 (person) rock-solid (regarding principles, opinion)
2 cariad fel y dur love as solid as a rock, rock-solid love

ETYMOLOGY: ‘like steel’ (fel = like) + (y = definite article) + (dur = steel)

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fel y fam y bÿdd y ferch ‹vel ə vam ə çbiidh ə çverkh› -
1 the daughter will come to resemble her mother

Pa ddihareb neu ddywediad sÿdd bellach oddi wrth y gwir?
Fel y fam y bÿdd y ferch. Gobeithio! (Cymro 02 03 94)
What proverb or saying is furthest from the truth?
The daughter will be like the mother. I hope (it's furthest from the truth)!

ETYMOLOGY: (fel = as, like) + (y fam = the mother) + (y bÿdd = that (she) will be) + (y ferch = the daughter)

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…fel y gro ‹vel ə groo›
1 gwneud arian fel y gro make money by the bucketload, make a mint
("make money like gravel / pebbles")

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fel y'i gelwir ‹fel oi gel-wir›
1 as it is called, so-called
also: fel y’i gelwir ef, fel y’i gelwir hi

2 past tense: fel y’i gelwid as it was called
Pont-tÿ-pridd, neu “Newbridge” fel y'i gelwid unwaith
Pont-tÿ-pridd, or “Newbridge” as it was once called

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fel y mae hi ryfeddaf ‹vel ə mai hii rə- vê -dhav›
1 curiously enough, strange to say (“as it is strangest”)

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fel yr awgrymwÿd o’r blaen ‹vel ər au-grə-muid oor blain ›
1 as was previously suggested, as we have already mentioned
Fel yr awgrymwyd o’r blaen, nid oedd yn meddwl llai na gwella drwy y misoedd y bu yn glaf.
As we have already mentioned, he always believed he would get better during the months he was ill

NOTE: (fel = as) + (yr preverbal linker) + (awgrymwÿd it has been / it was suggested, awgrymu = to suggest + -wÿd, preterite passive terminiation) + (o’r blaen = previously, before )

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…fel yr ewig ‹vel ər e-wig›

1 comparisons: speed

rhedeg fel yr ewig run like the wind (“run like the hind”)

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…fel ystyllen ‹vel ə-stə-lhen› (colloquial form: fel styllen, with the loss of the pretonic syllable)
1 comparisons: slimness
fel ystyllen, colloquially fel styllen (“like a board”) as thin as a board, as thin as a rake
bod fel styllen be as thin as a rake
bod yn fain fel styllen be as thin as a rake

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Fenai ‹vê -nai› feminine noun
1 soft-mutated form of Menai (qv) (SH5167) strait in Gwynedd, between Môn and Arfon
Afon Fenai the Menai strait
Y Fenai the Menai strait
Rhydyfenai (“Rhyd y Fenai”) (“(the) ford (of) the Menai”) Street name in Y Felinheli (county of Gwynedd)

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fendas ‹ven-das › masculine noun
PLURAL fendieisiaid ‹ven-deis-yed›
1 (Coregonus albula) vendace, fish of lakes in northern England and Scotland

ETYMOLOGY: New Latin vandêsius (1700s) < French < Celtic

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fendeta ‹ven-de-ta› feminine noun
PLURAL fendetas ‹ven-de-tas›
1 vendetta = quarrel between families in Sicily or Corsica where the relatives of a murder victim avenge the death by killing the murderer or someone in the murderer's family

2 vendetta = a prolonged dispute; a campaign where a person is a the object of constant criticism or vexation
Mae ganddo rÿw fendeta yn f'erbÿn
He's got some sort of vendetta against me

ETYMOLOGY: English < Sicilian < Latin vindicta < vindicâre = to avenge

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fenswn ‹ven sun› masculine noun
1 venison = deer meat

ETYMOLOGY: English venison = deer meat, any game meat; < Old French venaison < Latin vênâtiô (= hunting) < vênarî (= to hunt)

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..1 fer ‹ver› adjective
1 Soft mutated form (b > f) of ber, feminine form of bÿr = short
...1/ Ffordd Fer “(the) short road” street name in
........a/ Caergybi (county of Ynÿs Môn)
........b/ Mynÿddisa (county of Y Fflint)
........c/ Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint)
...2/ Heol Fer, (the) short street (name of a street in Penyrheol, in the town of Caerffili);
...3/ stori fer (a) short story
(in these names there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun)

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fer
1 fir tree
y fer the fir tree
pren fer fir tree; fir (= material)
ferren a fir tree (fer + -en, diminutive suffix)
coed fer fir wood

Place names:
..1/ Pant-y-fer Llansadwrn (county of Caerfyrddin) (“(the) hollow (of) the fir”)

..2/ Rhiw-fer +++ººrhiw y ferººº - (“(the) hill / slope / rise (of) the fir”) - street name in Ffosygerddinen (county of Caerffili)

..3/ Rhiw Fer between the villages of Nant-y-moel and Pontycymer (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

..4/ Pen-rhiw-fer pen +++ººrhiw y ferººº - (“(the) end (of) the hill / slope / rise (of) the fir”) - street name in Ffosygerddinen (county of Caerffili)

..5/ Heol Pen-rhiw-fer - street name in Tonyrefail (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

NOTE: This word does not appear in most Welsh dictionaries, and is unknown outside the south. Even there it is generally unknown nowadays, and consequently names with “rhiw fer” are often explained as ‘short slope’. Bÿr is short; the feminine form is ber; after a feminine noun there is soft mutation of the consonant b > f, resulting in fer.

The fact that such names are not found outside the south – no ‘short slopes’ are found in mid-Wales or the north – or in the other Celtic languages - indicates that ‘short slope’ is an unlikely translation. And the fact that often there are still fir trees on these slopes further confirms this!

ETYMOLOGY: fer ‹ver› < fÿr ‹vir› < south-western English ‹vir-› < English ‹fir-› firre, < Old English fyrh (= fir tree).

(1) Related to Icelandic fura (= fir), Latin quercus (= oak)

(2) In the south-western form of English an initial ‹f› was pronounced as ‹v›, still evident among some older speakers in Somerset, for example.

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fersiwn, fersiynau ‹VER shun, ver SHƏ ne›
1 version

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fertebra, fertebrâu ‹VER te bra, ver te BRAI›
1 vertebra

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festri, festrioedd ‹VE stri, ve STRI odh›
1 vestry

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fesul dipÿn ‹VE sil DI pin› (adverb)
1 gradually

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fesul un ‹VE sil IIN› (adverb)
1 one by one, in ones, individually
Dÿn nhw ddim yn eu gwerthu fesul un – rhaid prynu pecyn dwbl They don’t sell them in ones - you have to buy a twin pack

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féteran, feteraniaid ‹VE te ran, ve te RAN yed›
1 veteran

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-feÿdd ‹ veidh ›
1 plural suffix in words with the singular suffix -fa
porfa (= pasture), porfeÿdd (= pastures)
rheg (= swear word), rhegfeÿdd (= swear words)

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f-f

A double [v] resulting from soft mutation of b or m is spelt and pronounced as a single f [v]

hafod (= summer place)

< haf-fod (haf = summer) + soft mutation + (bod = dwelling, dwelling place)

prifardd (= principal poet) < prif-fardd (prif = main, principal, leading) + soft mutation + (bardd = poet)

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FF, ff ‹èf› feminine noun
1) ninth letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y

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ff
1 ff < f in some words after n (that is, [v] has become [f] after [n])

(1) BONT-FAEN

One colloquial form of Y Bont-faen SS9974 (“the stone bridge”), a town in Bro Morgannwg county was Bom-ffään (from an underlying form Bon’-faan)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/272187

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(2) CEFNFRO

cefnfro > ce’nfro > ce’nffro / cenffro (part of beach above high water for leaving boats)

(cefn = back, ridge) + soft mutation + (bro = low-lying land, coastal land)

(3) LLANSANFFRÁID
Llansanffráid < *Llan San Fraid ‹vraid› < Braid (female saint, ‘Bride’, as in Irish Bríd)

(4) PONT-LLAN-FRAITH

Pont-llan-fraith ST1795 in Caerffili county is usually pronounced as Pont-llan-ffraith in English locally. This is an area where Welsh was eradicated a century ago, so the “ff” could in fact be a misreading of the Welsh letter ‘f’, rather than a survival of a pronunciation in the Welsh of this area.

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/838140

The name in fact in 1492 was tre penybont llynvraith, that is, Tre Pen-y-bont y Llyn Fraith, the trêv or farm at the place called Pen-y-bont by the pool in the river called Y Llÿn Fraith

Pen-y-bont = the bridge end, the entrance to the bridge

Y Llÿn Fraith is The Dappled Pool

This was later reduced to Pont-llÿn-fraith (1713 Pontllÿnfraith), and then there was confusion with the element llan (= church) which then ousted the original llÿn (= pool) > Pont-llan-fraith

(5) TINFAIN

In “Hyn o Fyd” (Kate Roberts) a character called Doli Dinfain (= thin arse) is also known as Dynffen

(6) YNŸSGYNWRAIDD

Ynɥsgynwraidd SO4520 – the English name of this place in the county of Mynwɥ is Skenfrith, which probably represents a local Welsh form *Sgenffridd ‹sken-fridh› (Welsh was finally eliminated from this area over a century ago) from *Sgynfridd ‹skən-vridh›.

Other examples of ff < f ‹f› < ‹v›
Also

..1/ cyffredin (= general, common) < cyfredin < cyfr- (prefix, = complete) + rhed- (= to run) + -in (suffix fro forming adjectives)

..2/ diffodd (= to switch off), historically difodd (di- = intensifying prefix) + (bodd-, root of boddi = to drown)

..3/ gorffod colloquial form of gorfod to be obliged

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ff

1 Form of fy (possessive determiner)

Some Points of Similarity in the Phonology of Welsh and Breton

T. H. Parry-Williams, Rhyd-ddu, Carnarvon. Paris, 1913. Page 50.

A curious example of the provection of an initial consonant, due to the loss of a vowel and the influence of the following initial consonant, is found in the case of the possessive pronoun fy, which becomes often in the colloquial language f’, and before h, ll or i becomes ff. In some dialectical texts this ff is written, e.g. fi ff’unan (for fi fy hunan), ff’llaw (= fy llaw), ff’iechÿd (= fy iechÿd), Cf. cannw(ÿ)ll ffrwÿn the colloquial pronunciation of cannwÿll frwÿn
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ffa 1 ‹faa› feminine noun
1 note 4 in tonic sol-fa

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ffa 2 ‹faa› plural noun
1 beans; plural of ffeuen

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ffabl ‹fa-bəl› feminine noun
PLURAL ffablau ‹fa-ble›
1 obsolete fable
2 area of Maldwÿn in the county of Powÿs ffabls = decorations, frills

ETYMOLOGY: English fable < Latin fâbula (= fable, story) < fârî (= to speak)

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ffacbysen ‹fak-bə-sen› feminine noun
PLURAL ffacbÿs ‹fak-bis›
1 (a) lentil plant Lens culinaris; (b) vetch = Vicia sativa, member of the Papilionaceae family; some species cultivated as fodder plants

Eseia 28:27 Canÿs nid ag og y dyrnir ffacbÿs, ac ni throir olwÿn men ar gwmin; eithr dyrnir facbÿs â ffon, a chwmin a gwialen
Isaiah 28:27 For the fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument, neither is a cart wheel turned about on the cummin; but the fitches are beaten out with a staff, and the cummin with a rod

Samuel-2 23:11 A'r Philistiaid a ymgynullasent yn dorf; ac yr oedd yno ran o'r maes yn llawn o ffacbÿs
Samuel-2 23:11 And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a piece of ground full of lentiles

2 (a) lentil; (b) vetch seed (vetch seeds are often used as bird food)

Genesis 25:34 A Jacob a roddes i Esau fara a chawl ffacbÿs
Genesis 25:34 Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentiles

ETYMOLOGY: (ffac) + soft mutation + (pÿs = peas); ffac < English fatch, variant of vetch < Anglo-Norman veche (cf French vesce) < Latin vicia; cf Catalan veça < Latin vicia

NOTE: variant: county of Ceredigion ffatshbÿs ‹fach-bis›

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ffacs ‹faks› masculine noun
PLURAL ffacsus ‹fak-sis›
1 fax

2 peiriant ffacs fax machine

3 gyrru ffacs at North Wales send a fax to
hala ffacs at South Wales send a fax to

ETYMOLOGY: English fax = clipped form of facsimile

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ffacsa ‹fak -sa› plural noun
1 South-east Wales crowds; metathesised form of ffasgau, plural of ffasg (= bundle)
Ma nhw'n dod o'r cwrdd yn ffacsa They're coming from the chapel service in crowds.

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ffacsímili ‹fak-si-mi-li› masculine noun
PLURAL ffacsimilïau ‹fak-si-mi-lî-e›
1 facsimile
2 copi ffacsímili facsimile

ETYMOLOGY: English <faksíməli> facsimile < modern Latin fac (= make) + simile (neuter of similis = similar)

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ffacsio ‹faks-yo› verb
1 fax, send (a letter, document) by fax

ETYMOLOGY: ffacs (= fax) + (-io, verbal suffix)

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ffactri, ffactrioedd ‹FAK tri, fak TRI odh› feminine noun
1 factory (South Wales)

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ffael ‹fail› feminine noun
PLURAL ffaelion ‹fail-yon›

1 obsolete defect, failing, fault, error

2 adjective di-ffael unfailing

3 adverb yn ddi-ffael without fail

ETYMOLOGY: English fail < French faillir < Latin fallere (= disappoint)

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ffaeledd ‹fei-ledh› masculine noun
PLURAL ffaeleddau ‹fei-lê-dhe›
1 defect, failing, fault

ETYMOLOGY: (ffael-, stem of ffaelu = to fail) + (-edd)

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ffaeledigrwÿdd ‹fei-le- di-gruidh› masculine noun
1 fallibility

ETYMOLOGY: (ffaeledig = failed) + (-rwÿdd suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

ffaelu ‹fei-li› verb
South Wales
1 fail = not achieve what was attempted, not achieve an aim

ETYMOLOGY: (ffael = defect) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)

NOTE: sometimes, in dialect writing, ffeili, ffili

:_______________________________.

ffäen ‹FEI en› feminine noun
1 bean; see ffeuen

:_______________________________.

ffaeth ‹FAITH›
1 cultivated (land)

:_______________________________.

ffagal ‹fa-gal› feminine noun
See ffagl

:_______________________________.

ffagl ‹fa-gal› feminine noun
PLURAL ffaglau ‹fa-gle›
1 blaze;
mor ddi-bara â ffagal o redÿn
like a flash in the pan ("as short-lived as a blaze of bracken");

Ffagal cropÿn eithin ÿw e; gyda'ch bod chi'n dechre teimlo gwres, dyna fe'n darfod
He's a flash in the pan ("he's a blaze of a crop of gorse"); as soon as you start to feel the heat, he finishes (said of a minister whose sermon was found disappointing)

2 torch = wooden stick dipped in tallow and set alight

3 gorymdaith â ffaglau torchlit procession ("procession with torches")

4 torch = origin of a conflagration;
Hwnnw fu'n ffagl i'r helÿnt i gÿd
He was the one who sparked off all the trouble ("he was the torch to all the trouble")

5 cludwr ffagl torchbearer ("carrier (of) torch")

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ffagl < British < Latin facla < fácula, diminutive form of fax = torch

NOTE:
(a) there is also a diminutive form ffaglen ‹fa-glen›.
(b) The formal spelling is ffagl; the usual colloquial pronunciation is represented by the informal spelling ffagal

:_______________________________.

Ffagl yr Arth ‹fa-gal ər arth› feminine noun
South-west Wales
1 the Northern Lights ("(the) torch / blaze (by) the Bear (star)" - i.e. the Pole Star)

:_______________________________.

ffaglen ‹fag-len› feminine noun
PLURAL ffaglennau ‹fa-gle-ne›
1 torch; see ffagl

:_______________________________.

ffaglo ‹fa-glo› verb
South Wales
1 verb with an object to torch, to set fire to (something)
2 verb without an object to set grass or furze on fire

:_______________________________.

ffair ‹fair› feminine noun
PLURAL ffeiriau ‹feir -ye›
1 fair (= traditional market held on specific dates, with stands for the buying and selling goods, and often with sideshows)

ar ddiwrnod ffair on fair day, on the day when a fair is held

Fe fyddwn ni’n mitsho o’r ysgol ar ddiwrnod ffair
We would play truant from school on the day when a fair was held

bod ddiwrnod ar ôl y ffair be too late, arrive too late (“be a day after the fair”)
Occurs with village names;

Ffair y Borth “The Porthaethwÿ Fair” (county of Môn)
English name: Menai Bridge Fair

Ffair yr Ynÿs (formerly) Ynÿs-y-bŵl Fair (Rhondda Cynon Taf)

2 fête, bazaar (= event to raise money for a charity, for a church, a school, etc; a cross between a fair and a bazaar)
ffair ysgol feithrin Welsh-language nursery school fair

3 fair = travelling collection of shows and amusements
ffair deithiol travelling fair

4 funfair, amusement park
y ffigyr-eit yn ffair y Barri the (Englandic: big dipper, switchback) (USA: roller-coaster) in Barri funfair

5 fair, trade show; a grand exhibition of products to promote trade

6 bod fel ffair be swarming with people, be packed, be packed out, be very busy, be choc-a-bloc ("be like a fair")

7 bargaining

8 exchange
ffeirio = to exchange
ffair benben (North-west Wales) = fair exchange (pronounced as ‘ffair bemban’)

9 specialised market; occurs with name of product or main item of trade; meeting for trade in a named product, animal, etc;
ffair ddefaid sheep fair
ffair foch pig fair
ffair geffylau horse fair
ffair wartheg cattle fair
ffair wÿddau goose fair

10 pen ffair a fair, a great fair
ar ben ffair (county of Penfro) at the fair
pen ffair / pen-ffair (adjective) fair, fairground

11 mÿnd i ben y ffair go to the fair

12 sefÿll allan fel ffeiriad mewn ffair stick out like a sore thumb = be very obvious
“stand out like mud on a white horse”
(sefÿll allan = stand out) + (fel = com) + (ffeir’ad < ffeiriad < offeiriad = clergyman) + (mewn = in) + (ffair = fair)

13 ffair aeaf winter fair
mynd i’r ffair aeaf to go to the winter fair
Ffair Aeaf Llanelwedd Llanelwedd Winter Fair
Ffair Aeaf Ynys Môn Ynys Môn (Isle of Anglesey) Winter Fair

ETYMOLOGY: 1300+ < Middle English faire (= fair)
< Old French feire < Late Latin fêria (= feastday) < fêriae (= rest days).
Compare Breton: foar < French foire

NOTE: In South Wales the plural form ffeiriau > ffeire > ffiire (South-east ffiira)

:_______________________________.

ffair aeaf ‹fair gei -a› feminine noun
PLURAL ffeiriau gaeaf ‹feir-ye gei -a›
1 winter fair, cattle fair held in winter

Mae'n argoeli fod y ffair aeaf yn Llanelwedd yn mÿnd i fod yn llwÿddiant mawr
All the signs are that the winter fair in Llanelwedd is going to be a big success

ETYMOLOGY: (ffair = fair) + soft mutation + (gaeaf = winter)

:_______________________________.

ffair bleser ‹fair ble-ser› feminine noun
PLURAL ffeiriau pleser ‹feir-ye ple-ser›
1 funfair

ETYMOLOGY: "fair (of) pleasure") (ffair = fair) + soft mutation + (pleser = pleasure)

:_______________________________.

ffair Galan Mai ‹fair gâ-lan mai› feminine noun
PLURAL ffeiriau Calan Mai ‹feir-ye kâ-lan mai›
1 May fair, spring fair, fair held on the first of May. The colloquial form is ffair Glame (qv)

ETYMOLOGY: (ffair = fair) + soft mutation + (Calan Mai (qv), the first of May)

:_______________________________.

ffair Glame ‹fair gla -me› feminine noun
PLURAL ffeiriau Clame ‹feir-ye kla-me›
1 May fair, spring fair, fair held on the first of May

ETYMOLOGY: (ffair = fair) + soft mutation + (Clame, colloquial form of Calan Mai, the first of May)

:_______________________________.

ffair gyflogi, ffeiriau cyflogi ‹fair gəv LO gi, feir ye kəv LO gi› feminine noun
1 hiring fair (where farm labourers and maidservants would go in the hope of being taken on for a year by a farmer)

:_______________________________.

ffair sborion ‹fair spor-yon,› feminine noun
PLURAL ffeiriau sborion ‹feir-ye spor-yon›
1 (USA: rummage sale) (Englandic: jumble sale, flea market)

ETYMOLOGY: "fair (of) odds and ends" (ffair = fair) + (sborion = odds and ends)

:_______________________________.

ffair wÿddau ‹fair ui-dhe› feminine noun
PLURAL ffeiriau gwÿddau ‹feir-ye gui-dhe›
1 goose fair

ETYMOLOGY: "fair (of) geese" (ffair = fair) + soft mutation + (gwÿddau = geese, < gwÿdd = goose)

:_______________________________.

ffair y glas ‹fair ə glaas› feminine noun
1 freshers' week, the first week of a university year when stands of university clubs and associations offer information about themselves and special social events are organised for 'freshers' (new students). Also wÿthnos y glas

ETYMOLOGY: ("(the) fair (of) the novice / fresher")
(ffair = fair) + (y = definite article) + (glas = fresher, novice; literally "green person, inexperienced person")

:_______________________________.

ffaith, ffeithiau ‹FAITH, FEITH ye› feminine noun
1 fact
2 ni ellir celu’r ffaith fod... there’s no disguising the fact that

:_______________________________.

ffan, ffaniau ‹FAN, FAN ye›
1 fan

:_______________________________.

ffanaticaidd ‹fa na TI kedh› adjective
1 fanatical

:_______________________________.

ffanaticiaeth ‹fa na TIK yeth› feminine noun
1 fanaticiem

:_______________________________.

ffanatig, ffanaticiaid ‹fa NA tig, fa na TIK yed›
1 fanatic

:_______________________________.

ffanffer ‹ fan -fer› feminine noun
PLURAL ffanfferau ‹fan- fê -re›
1 fanfare = a short series of notes on a trumpet

2 fanfare = ostentation and ceremony
Ail-agorwÿd y Neuadd Goffa gyda chrÿn ffanfer
The Memorial Hall was reopened with considerable fanfare

ETYMOLOGY: English fanfare < French < fanfarer (= to blow a fanfare)
< Castilian fanfarrón < Arabic farfar (= talkative)

:_______________________________.

ffanio ‹FAN yo›
1 to fan

:_______________________________.

ffansi ‹FAN si›
1 fancy

:_______________________________.

ffántasi, ffantasïau ‹FAN ta si, fan ta SI e›
1 fantasy

:_______________________________.

ffarier ‹far -yer› masculine noun
PLURAL ffariers, ffarieriaid ‹far -yers, far-yer-yed›
1 vet (for horses and other farm animals), horse-doctor (= vet); (standard Welsh: milfeddÿg)
2 obsolete shoeing smith

ETYMOLOGY: English farrier < French ferrier < Latin ferrârius (= smith) < ferrum (= iron). In modern French ferreur (= smith). Compare Catalan ferrer (= smith), which is also a Catalonian surname Ferrer (sometimes misspelt Ferré).

:_______________________________.

ffarm, ffermÿdd ‹FARM, FER midh› feminine noun
1 farm

:_______________________________.

ffarmacoleg ‹far-ma-ko-leg› feminine noun
1 pharmacology = science of drugs and medicines - characteristics, action, uses

ETYMOLOGY: adaptation of English pharmacology;
(ffarmacol-) + (-eg suffix to indicate a science)

:_______________________________.

ffarmio ‹FARM yo›
1 to farm

:_______________________________.

ffarmwr, ffarmwÿr ‹FAR mur, FARM wir› masculine noun
1 farmer

:_______________________________.

ffarwelio â ‹far WEL yo›
1 to say farewell to

:_______________________________.

ffasâd ‹fa- saad › masculine noun
PLURAL ffasadau ‹fa- sâ -de›
1 façade = face of a building

ETYMOLOGY: English facade < French < Italian facciata < faccia (= face) < Latin *facia< faciês (= form), which is related to facere (= to make)

:_______________________________.

ffasgaidd ‹FA skaedh›
1 fascist

:_______________________________.

ffasgiad, ffasgiaid ‹FASK yad, FASK yed› masculine noun
1 fascist (person)

:_______________________________.

ffasgiaeth ‹FASK yeth› feminine noun
1 fascism

:_______________________________.

ffasgÿdd, ffasgwÿr ‹FAS kidh, FASK wir› masculine noun
1 fascist (person)

:_______________________________.

ffasiwn, ffasiynau ‹FA shun, fa SHƏ ne›
1 fashion

:_______________________________.

ffasiwn newÿdd ‹fa-shun neu-idh› adjective
1 new-fashioned, of a new type
Gwahoddwÿd David Thomas gan gwmni o America i fÿnd yno i adeiladu’r ffwrneisiau ffasiwn-newÿdd ym Mhennsylfania
David Thomas was invited by an American company to go to America to set up the new type of furnace in Pennsylvania

ETYMOLOGY: (ffasiwn = fashion) + (newÿdd = new)

:_______________________________.

ffasiynol ‹fa SHƏ nol›
1 fashionable

:_______________________________.

ffatri, ffatrïoedd ‹FA tri, fa TRI odh› feminine noun
1 factory
- ffatri deganau, ffatrïoedd teganau ‹FA tri de GA ne, fa TRI odh te GA ne› toy factory
- ffatri laeth, ffatrïoedd llaeth ‹fa tri LAITH, fa TRI odh LHAITH› dairy
- ffatri wlân, ffatrïoedd gwlân ‹fa tri WLAAN, fa TRI odh GWLAAN› woollen mill

:_______________________________.

ffau ‹fâi› feminine noun
PLURAL ffeuau ‹fei-e›
1 den, lair; resting place for an animal

Eseia 11:7 Y fuwch hefÿd a'r arth a borant ynghÿd; eu llydnod a gÿdorweddant; y llew, fel yr ÿch, a bawr wellt (11:8) A'r plentÿn sugno a chwerÿ wrth dwll yr asb; ac ar ffau y wiber yr estÿn yr hwn a ddiddyfnwÿd ei law
Isaiah 11:7 And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. (11:8) And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice' den.

2 ffeuaid earthful, denful
ffeuaid o lwÿnogod an earthful of foxes

3 ffau llewod a lion's den
ffau’r llewod the lions’ den
The 1620 Bible has “ffau y llewod”

Daniel 6:12 Yna y nesasant, ac y dywedasant o flaen y brenin am orchymyn y brenin; Oni seliaist ti orchymyn, mai i ffau y llewod y bwrid pa ddyn bynnag a ofynnai gan un Duw na dyn ddim dros ddeng niwrnod ar hugain, ond gennyt ti, O frenin? Atebodd y brenin, a dywedodd, Y mae peth yn wir, yn ô1 cyfraith y Mediaid a’r Persiaid, yr hon ni newidir.
Daniel 6:12 Then they came near, and spake before the king concerning the king's decree; Hast thou not signed a decree, that every man that shall ask a petition of any God or man within thirty days, save of thee, O king, shall be cast into the den of lions? The king answered and said, The thing is true, according to the law of the Medes and Persians, which altereth not.

mentro i ffau'r llewod venture into the lion's den = undertake a risky confrontation

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ffau < ffeu < ffou < British < Latin < fouia < fouea (= pit; trap for animals)

:_______________________________.

ffawd, ffodion ‹FAUD, FOD yon›
1 fate

:_______________________________.

ffawydden ‹fau - ə -dhen› feminine noun
PLURAL ffawÿdd ‹fa -uidh›

1 (Fagus sylvatica) = beech

ffawÿdden felen (district of Arfon, county of Gwÿnedd) = yellow pine ('yellow beech')
ffawÿdden goprog = copper beech
llwÿn ffawÿdd beech grove

2 In Genesis, mention is made of ffawÿdd, whereas the English version has “chestnut tree”. The tree in question is probably the Oriental plane tree (Platanus orientalis), called 'armon in Hebrew, that is, "naked". Mentioned in the story of Jacob’s whose wage from Laban is to be the marked cattle, so he causes cattle with the right marks to be born.

It is probably the Oriental plane tree (Platanus orientalis) that is intended. It sheds its outer bark each year, and so becomes "naked."

Genesis 30:37 A Jacob a gymerth iddo wiail gleision o boplys, a chyll, a ffawydd; ac a ddirisglodd ynddynt ddirisgliadau gwynion, gan ddatguddio’r gwyn yr hwn ydoedd yn y gwiail.
Genesis 30:37 And Jacob took him rods of green poplar, and of the hazel and chestnut tree; and pilled white streaks in them, and made the white appear which was in the rods.

The Oriental plane is mentioned along with other trees, and cedars and firs, as being inferior to the beauty of the Assyrian empire.

Eseciel 31:8 Y cedrwydd yng ngardd Duw ni allent ei chuddio hi: y ffynidwydd nid oeddynt debyg i'w cheinciau hi, a'r ffawydd nid oeddynt fel ei changhennau hi; ac un pren yng ngardd yr Arglwydd nid ydoedd debyg iddi hi yn ei thegwch.

Ezekiel 31:8 The cedars in the garden of God could not hide him: the fir trees were not like his boughs, and the chestnut trees were not like his branches; nor any tree in the garden of God was like unto him in his beauty.

(delw 7018)

3 Pantyffawydden farm near Caerffili “(the) hollow (of) the beech tree

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/735938

ETYMOLOGY: (ffaw) + soft mutation + (gwydden = tree).
ffaw < *ffawgh- British *fâg- < Latin fâg(us) (= beech tree)

:_______________________________.

ffawyddog ‹fau-Ə-dhog› feminine noun

1 place of beech trees

Y Ffawyddog farm by Pont-y-rhyl, Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS9189

ETYMOLOGY: (ffawÿdd) + (-og adjectival suffix) > fawÿddog (adjective, = abounding in beech trees) > (noun, = place abounding in beech trees)
:_______________________________.

ffd.
1 abbreviation = ffurfiad formation

:_______________________________.

ffdro.
1 abbreviation = ffurfdro (Grammar) inflexion

:_______________________________.

ffederasiwn, ffederasiynau ‹fe de RA shun, fe de ra SHƏN ne›
1 federation

:_______________________________.

ffedog ‹fê -dog› feminine noun
PLURAL ffedogau ‹fe- dô -ge›
1 apron
llinyn ffedog apron string
bod ynghlwm wrth linyn ffedog ei fam be tied to his mother’s apron strings

2 (South Wales) diaphragm = membrane in animal; flead = thin skin holding intestines of a pig in place

3 flead; this, cut into squares, used to wrap around faggots

ETYMOLOGY: (arffed = lap) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives or nouns ) > arffedog > ffedog (loss of the pretonic syllable)

:_______________________________.

ffeil, ffeiliau ‹FEIL, FEIL ye›
1 file

:_______________________________.

ffein ‹FEIN›
1 nice (South)

:_______________________________.

ffeindio ‹FEIND yo›
1 to find

:_______________________________.

ffeirad < ’ffeir’ad ‹feir -ad› masculine noun
1 clergyman, vicar, priest; see: offeiriad

:_______________________________.

ffeiriad < ’ffeiriad ‹feir -yad› masculine noun
1 clergyman, vicar, priest; see: offeiriad

:_______________________________.

ffeiriau ‹FEIR ye›
1 fairs - plural of ffair

:_______________________________.

ffeirio ‹FEIR yo›
1 swap

:_______________________________.

ffeit ‹FEITH ye›
1 facts - plural of ffaith

Daeth rhyw Sais meddw yn chwilio am ffeit at y ford lle yr oedden ni i gyd n eistedd

Some drunken Englishman looking for a fight came to the table where we were sitting
:_______________________________.

ffeithiau ‹FEITH ye›
1 facts - plural of ffaith

:_______________________________.

ffenast ‹fê-nast› feminine noun
1 Colloquial form of ffenestr (= window) in north-west and south-east Wales.
The rest of the country has final “e” - ffenest

:_______________________________.

Ffenast y Pàs ‹fê-nast ə pas› feminine noun
See ffenestr (= window)

:_______________________________.

ffender, ffenderi ‹FEN der, fen DE ri›
1 fender

2 ffender wartheg PLURAL ffenderi gwartheg cowcatcher = device on the front of a locomotive – metal frame set at an angle – to clear obstructions from the track (“fender (of) cattle”)

:_______________________________.

ffenest ‹fê-nest› feminine noun
Colloquial form of ffenestr (= window) in south-west, central and north-east Wales. The north-west and south-east have a final “a” - ffenast

:_______________________________.

ffenestr ‹fê-nest› feminine noun
PLURAL ffenestri ‹fe-ne-stri›
1 window = opening in the wall of a building, or in the body of a vehicle
ffenestr do = skylight
pwÿso allan o ffenest lean out of a window

2 shop window = window behind which there is a display of goods for sale

3 window = window pane

4 Computers window

5 Photography viewfinder

6 Meteorology 'weather window', clear patch of sky in a pass between two mountains and under a layer of cloud. If the 'window' is light, fine weather is indicated; if it darkens and disappears, rain is on its way.

Ffenast y Pàs - name of such a clear patch as seen from Llanberis, Gwÿnedd ("{the} window {of} the mountain pass")

7 bocs ffenestr window-box, trough with plants on an outside window-sill

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin fenestra = window;
Compare German das Fenster, French fenêtre, Catalan finestra, all from the same Latin word

NOTE: The colloquial form is usually ffenest ‹fê-nest›, and in the districts with 'a' in the final syllable it is ffenast ‹fê-nast›. The final 'r' is pronounced in formal Welsh: ffenestr ‹fê-nestr›

:_______________________________.

ffenestr fwa ‹fe -nest bu- a› feminine noun
PLURAL ffenestri bwa ‹fe-ne-stri bu-a›
1 bow window, bay window = segmentally curved window

ETYMOLOGY: (ffenestr = window) + soft mutation + (bwa = bow)

:_______________________________.

ffenestr godi ‹FE nest GO di›
1 guillotine window

:_______________________________.

ffens ‹fens › feminine noun
PLURAL ffensus, ffensiau ‹fen -sis, fens -ye›
1 fence = barrier round a field of posts and wire, to prevent entry, keep animals in, or mark the boundary of a property

2 garden fence = similar structure (eg round a garden), or with similar functions

ETYMOLOGY: English fence, clipped form of defence (= defensive structure) < Latin dêfensum, past participle of dêfendere (= to defend)

:_______________________________.

ffens eira ‹fens EI ra›
1 snow fence - roadside fence to keep snow from covering a road

:_______________________________.

ffensio ‹fens -yo› verb
1 to fence (= enclose a field, etc)

ETYMOLOGY: (ffens = fence) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

ffêr, ferrau / fferi ‹FEER, FEE re / FEE ri›
1 ankle (North)

:_______________________________.

fferdod ‹FER dod› masculine noun
1 coldness
2 fferdod rhywiol frigidity, sexual frigidity

:_______________________________.

fferi, fferis ‹FE ri, FE ris›
1 ferry

:_______________________________.

Y Fferi-isaf ‹ə fe-ri i-sa› feminine noun
1 town in the county of Y Fflint, 9km west of Chester, on the south bank of the river Dyfrdwÿ (English name: Queensferry)

ETYMOLOGY: a translation of the English name 'Lower Ferry', which was the original name of Queensferry; the English name 'Lower Ferry' could possibly be from an original Welsh name 'Y Fferi Isaf'

:_______________________________.

fferm ‹ferm› feminine noun
PLURAL ffermÿdd ‹fer-midh›
1 farm, land (usually around a house and buildings) for cultivation of crops or rearing livestock;
fferm fynÿdd hill farm

2 land or water used to produce a specific type of crop or animal
fferm bysgod = fish farm,
fferm ieir = chicken farm,
fferm foch = pig farm,
ffferm laeth = dairy farm,
fferm faco tobacco farm

3 farm + name of the farm
ar ganol beili fferm Pen-y-graig Ucha
in the middle of the forecourt / yard of Pen-y-graig Ucha farm

4 in place names in the county of Môn, as fferam
Wmffra Elis, y Fferam Wmffra Elis, of (the farm called) Y Fferam

5 ar y fferm on the farm;
Arferai fy nhaid adael i'r Sipsiwn aros ysbaid ar ddarn o dir ar y fferm
My grandfather would allow the Gypsies to stay for a while on a piece of land on the farm

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh fferm < Middle English ferm (modern English farm) < Late Latin firma (= lease, fixed payment - made by a farmer to rent the land) < firmus = firm

NOTE: in the north-west, also fferam; also in Welsh ffarm, which represents a later loan from English (originally in English it was pronounced with 'er', and afterwards 'ar'; there are similar examples in the English of the USA, where the earlier form with 'er' persists (though the original 'e' is now pronounced as an obscure vowel) in 'clerk, Derby', but has become 'ar' in England, and sometimes written as such, as in the surnames Clark, Darbyshire). Sometimes fferam is written fferem, a more literary form.

:_______________________________.

ffermdÿ, ffermdai ‹FERM di, FERM dai›
1 farmhouse

:_______________________________.

fferm loynnod bÿw, ffermÿdd gloynnod bÿw ‹ferm lo Ə nod BIU, FER midh glo Ə nod BIU›
1 butterfly farm

:_______________________________.

ffermwr, ffermwÿr ‹FER mur, FERM wir› masculine noun
1 farmer

:_______________________________.

fferÿll ‹fê -rilh› masculine noun
PLURAL fferyllion, fferylliaid ‹fe-rəlh-yon, fe-rəlh-yed›
1 (obsolete) apothecary, alchemist, magician
2 (obsolete) druggist, chemist. The modern form is fferyllÿdd, with the suffix -ÿdd

ETYMOLOGY: from the name Fferÿll = Virgil, “Publius Vergilius Maro” (70-19 BC, Latin poet). In the Middle Ages it was believed that “Vergilius” was a magician

:_______________________________.

fferylleg ‹fe-rə-lheg› feminine noun
1 pharmaceutics = science of preparing medicines

ETYMOLOGY: (fferÿll = druggist, chemist) + (-eg suffix for forming nouns with the sense of ‘science’)

:_______________________________.

fferyllfa ‹fe- rəlh -va› feminine noun
PLURAL fferyllféÿdd ‹fe-rəlh-veidh›
1 pharmacy, chemist's shop; shop where medicines are sold

ETYMOLOGY: (fferÿll = druggist, chemist) + (-eg suffix for forming nouns with the sense of ‘place’)

:_______________________________.

fferylliaeth ‹fe- rəlh -yeth› feminine noun
1 pharmacy = collecting, preparing and dispensing of medicines
2 pharmacy = art of preparing and mixing medicines

ETYMOLOGY: (fferÿll = druggist, chemist) + (-i-aeth suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

fferyllol ‹fe- rə -lhol› adjective
1 pharmaceutical

ETYMOLOGY: (fferÿll = druggist, chemist) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

fferyllÿdd ‹fe- rə -lhidh› masculine noun
PLURAL feryllwÿr, fferyllyddion ‹fe- rəlh -wir fe-rə-lhədh-yon›
1 pharmacist, chemist, druggist = person who keeps a chemist's shop (American: druggist)

ETYMOLOGY: (fferÿll = druggist, chemist) + (-ÿdd suffix to indicate an agent). See fferÿll < Fferÿll = Virgil (70-19 BC), Latin poet

:_______________________________.

ffesant, ffesantod ‹FE sant, fe SAN tod›
1 pheasant

:_______________________________.

Ffestin ‹FE stin›
1 man's name (obsolete)

:_______________________________.

Ffestiniog ‹fes- stin -yog› feminine noun
1 SH7041 locality in the county of Gwÿnedd;
Also: Llan Ffestiniog ("the village (with the parish church) of Ffestiniog")

Local forms: Stiniog, Llan Stiniog, Y Llan

Roedd yn ddisgÿbl yn yr Ysgol Sir ym Mlaenau Ffestiniog. Gan ei fod yn bÿw yn y Llan, roedd yn rhaid mÿnd a dwad i'r ysgol ar y trên
He was a pupil in the County School in Blaenau Ffestiniog. Since he lived in the Llan, he had to go by train to and from school

2 a parish at this place

3 SH7045 Blaenau Ffestiniog ‹BLEI-nai, -e, fe-STIN-yog› locality in Gwÿnedd "the upland of the parish of Ffestiniog"

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Ffestiniog (Ffestin = man's name) + (-i-og = suffix with the sense of 'territory of')

:_______________________________.

ffeuen, ffa ‹FEI en, FAA› feminine noun
1 bean
2 ffeuen Ffrengig, ffa Ffrengig ‹FEI en FRE ngig, faa FRE ngig› French bean

:_______________________________.

ffi ‹fii› feminine noun
PLURAL ffïau, ffïoedd, ffis ‹fî -, fî-odh, fiis›
1 fee = money paid to a professional person or technician for her / his services
ffi sefydlog fixed fee

2 fee = money paid to a performer for her / his services

3 fee = money paid by a student for a course
Maent wedi addo dileu ffioedd myfyrwÿr
They've promised to abolish students' fees

ETYMOLOGY: English fee (= price) < fee (= goods) < fee (= cattle) < Middle English < French of England fie < Old French fie < fief < Germanic;

C the related words
..1/ Old English feoh (= cattle, property);
..2/ Dutch vee / rundvee (= cattle)
..3/ Latin pecû (= flock of sheep), pecus (= cattle), pecûnia (= wealth)
..4/ Greek pokos (= fleece)

:_______________________________.

ffidil, ffidlau ‹FI dil, FID le›
1 fiddle

:_______________________________.

ffieiddbeth ‹fi-eidh-beth› masculine noun
1 repulsive thing, abomination

Lefiticus 7:18 Ac os bwÿteir dim o gig offrwm ei ebÿrth hedd ef o fewn y trydÿdd dÿdd, ni byddir bodlon i’r hwn a’i hoffrymo ef, ac nis cyfrifir iddo, ffieiddbeth fÿdd; a’r dÿn a fwÿtÿ ohono, a ddwg ei anwiredd.
Leviticus 7:18 And if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings be eaten at all on the third day, it shall not be accepted, neither shall it be imputed unto him that offereth it: it shall be an abomination, and the soul that eateth of it shall bear his iniquity.

ETYMOLOGY: (ffiaidd = repulsive) + soft mutation + (peth = thing)

:_______________________________.

ffig.
1 abbreviation = ffigurol

:_______________________________.

ffigsen, ffigs ‹FIG sen, FFIGS›
1 fig

:_______________________________.

ffigurol ‹fi-GÎ-rol› adjective
1 figurative
Abbreviation: ffig.

:_______________________________.

ffigysen, ffigÿs ‹fi GƏ sen, FI gis›
1 fig

:_______________________________.

Ffilip ‹FI lip›
1 man's name

:_______________________________.

ffilm, ffilmiau ‹FILM, FILM ye›
1 film

:_______________________________.

ffin, ffiniau ‹FIIN, FIN ye›
1 boundary, limit

:_______________________________.

Ffineg ‹FI neg›
1 Finnish

:_______________________________.

ffinnant ‹FI-nant›[ˡfɪnant]feminine noun
PLURAL ffïnentÿdd ‹fi-NENT-idh› [fɪˡnɛntɪð]
1 boundary stream

2 Ffinnant Isaf SN9731 (“Finnant-isaf”)

A farm near Y Trallwng, Brycheiniog, Powÿs

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/24593

ETYMOLOGY: (ffin = boundary) + (nant = stream)

:_______________________________.

ffiol ‹fî -ol› feminine noun
PLURAL ffiolau ‹fi-ô-le›
1 phial = small medicine bottle

2 South-west Wales bowl

3 wooden bowl for porridge, soup

4 (counties of Ceredigion, Penfro) ffiol gardod begging bowl;
(county of Penfro) bowl for measuring flour given to the poor

5 ffiol wallt pudding basin for cutting the hair (placed over the hair, and protruding hair trimmed)

6 ffiol laeth skimmer = wooden implement in form of a thin saucer for skimming cream off the surface of milk

7 dish
Barnwÿr 5:25 Dwfr a geisiodd efe, llaeth a roddes hithau; mewn ffiol ardderchog y dug hi ymenÿn
Judges 5:25 He asked water, and she gave him milk; she brought forth butter in a lordly dish

8 cup
Mae'ch ffiol yn llawn "One's cup is full", one's joy is complete, one has more than the usual amount of happiness

Salmau 23:5 Ti arlwÿi ford ger fy mron yng ngwÿdd fy ngwrthwÿnebwÿr: iraist fy mhen ag olew; fy ffiol sÿdd lawn
Psalms 23:5 Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies; thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over

Dim ond wÿthnos yn ôl roedd ffiol Gwÿn yn llawn. Roedd Mair wedi cytuno i'w briodi, roedd ganddo well swÿdd...
Just a week ago Gwÿn's cup was full. Mair had ageed to marry him, he had a better job...

9 ffiol gwsg soporific cup
Sechareia 12:2 Wele fi yn gwneuthur Jerwsalem yn ffiol gwsg i'r bobloedd oll o amgÿlch, pan fyddont yn y gwarchae yn erbÿn Jwda, ac yn erbÿn Jerwsalem
Zechariah 12:2 Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all the people round about, when they shall be in the siege both against Judah and against Jerusalem

10 obsolete ffiol yr ymennÿdd brain pan = the part of the skull enclosing the brain

ETYMOLOGY: Middle English fiole (= phial) < French fiole < Latin phiala < Greek phialê (= broad shallow bowl).
Modern French fiole (= phial)

NOTE: Also ffiolen ‹fi-ô-len›, with the diminutive suffix -en:

:_______________________________.

ffion ‹fî -on› masculine noun
PLURAL ffionau ‹fi-ô-ne›
1 obsolete rose
formerly, in Brÿnaman, ffion y gaeaf Helleborus niger Christmas rose

2 Ffion girl's name = Rose

3 foxglove Digitalis purpurea

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic; cf Latin spiônia (= kind of grapevine)

NOTE: also ffionen

:_______________________________.

Ffis.
1 abbreviation = Ffiseg physics

:_______________________________.

ffiseg ‹FI seg› feminine noun
1 physics
Abbreviation (as a field label in a dictionary): Ffis.

:_______________________________.

ffisig ‹ fi -sig› masculine noun
(North Wales)
1 medicine
ffisig parod patent medicine
cael blas o’ch ffisig eich hun have / get a taste of your own medicine
trio blas o’ch ffisig eich hun have / get a taste of your own medicine
rhoi ichi flas o’ch ffisig eich hun give you a taste your own medicine

ETYMOLOGY: ffisig < English physic (= medicine) < Old French physique < Latin physicus (= natural) < Greek phusikê < phusis (= nature)

:_______________________________.

ffit, ffitiau ‹FIT, FIT-ye› feminine noun
1 fit, bout
cael ffit have a fit
Fe gaiff ffit pan glÿw amdano He’ll have a fit when he finds out

:_______________________________.

ffitio ‹FIT yo› verb
1 to fit

2 ffitio fel gwain am dwca be a perfect fit, fit like a glove (“fit like a sheath round a knife”)

3 ffitio fel maneg fit like a glove

:_______________________________.

ffiwg ‹fiuug › feminine noun
PLURAL ffiwgau ‹fiuu -ge›
1 fugue
ffiwg driphlÿg triple fugue

ETYMOLOGY: English fugue < French < Italian fuga < Latin fuga (= flight, escaping)

:_______________________________.

ffiws, ffiwsiau / ffiwsus ‹FIUS, FIUS ye / FIU sis›
1 fuse

:_______________________________.

Ffl.
1 abbreviation < Fflint (= Sir y Fflint county of Y Fflint)

:_______________________________.

fflabatsh ‹fla-bach› feminine noun
1 (South Wales) cunt, vagina

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

fflachio ‹FLAKH yo›
1 to flash

:_______________________________.

fflam, fflamau ‹FLAM, FLA me›
1 flame

2 gwenfflam blazing, ablaze
(gwen feminine form of gwÿn = white) + (fflam = flame)
gyrru (rhÿwun) yn wenfflam = send someone into a towering rage
mÿnd yn wenfflam go up in flames, burst into flames

:_______________________________.

fflan ‹FLAN›
1 flan

:_______________________________.

fflangell, fflangellau ‹FLA ngelh, fla NGHE lhe›
1 whip

:_______________________________.

fflap cath ‹flap kaath› masculine noun
1 cat flap = small door within a large door to allow a cat to enter and leave

ETYMOLOGY: "flap (of) cat"; (fflap = flap) + (cath = cat), translation of English cat flap

:_______________________________.

fflat, fflatiau ‹FLAT, FLAT ye›
1 flat, apartment

:_______________________________.

fflem ‹ flem › f
1 phlegm
fflem lysnafeddog slimy phlegm

2 phlegm = one of the four supposed humours of the body, phlegm being responsible for laziness

ETYMOLOGY: English phlegm < French fleume < Latin phlegma < Greek phlegma (= inflammation) < phlegein = to burn)

:_______________________________.

Fflemeg ‹FLE meg›
1 Flemish

:_______________________________.

fflint ‹flint › feminine noun
PLURAL fflintiau ‹flint -ye›

1 flint = hard stone which gives off sparks when struck with steel
carreg fflint flint, flintstone
cloddfa fflint flint mine

2 flint = piece of flint used to provide fire. Also: fflinten

ETYMOLOGY: English flint < Old English. Related to Latin splendêre (= to shine)

:_______________________________.

Y Fflint ‹ə flint ›
1 (SJ2473) main town in the county of Y Fflint
English name: Flint
French name (found in certain medieval documents): Le Caillou

In modern French, caillou is (1) pebble, stone; (2) boulder, rock; (3) precious stone, jewel; (4) a slang term for the head – bonce, nut,

2 Y Fflint a parish at this place

3 Sir y Fflint the county of Y Fflint
Abbreviation (e.g. in a dictionary entry) Ffl.

Sir Fflint colloquial form (probably imitating place names where the linking “y” is dropped – Pen-y-cae > Pen-cae, etc.)

4 Nant y Fflint (“(the) stream (of) Y Fflint”)
(SJ2473) Stream running into the river Dyfrdwÿ by Y Fflint

Mynÿdd y Fflint the upland of Flint, Englished as “Flint Mountain”

Mynÿdd-y-fflint the village here “Flint Mountain”

Mountain is an unfortunate translation from Welsh as mynÿdd is also “upland, moorland, unenclosed land, common land”. As the caption of the photographer in the following photograph states: “Flint Mountain is the name of the village, it's actually on a small hill”.

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/222674 Eglwÿs Sant Tomas / Saint Thomas’ Church

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: From Flint, the English name for this place. As a common noun, flint in modern English refers to a specific form of silica, though originally it probably referred to any kind of hard rock

:_______________________________.

ffliw ‹FLIU›
1 flu
brechiad gwrth-ffliw (m), brechiadau... anti-flu injection
(less correctly) brechiad ffliw anti-flu injection

brechlÿn gwrth-ffliw (m), brechlynnau gwrth-ffliw anti-flu vaccine

Mae’r ffliw arno He’s got flu (“the flu is on him”)

:_______________________________.

ffliw ‹ fliu › feminine noun
PLURAL ffliwau ‹ fliu -e›
(South Wales)

1 Also ffliwen smack, slap
rhoi ffliwen i rÿwun hit somebody, give someone a smack

2 bod ar y ffliw fowr (county of Penfro) be very drunk

ETYMOLOGY: Unknown origin - probably an English word

:_______________________________.

ffliwen ‹ fliu -en›
1 see ffliw (= punch, smack, blow)

:_______________________________.

ffliwt ‹fliut› feminine noun
PLURAL ffliwtiau ‹fliut-ye›
1 flute

canu’r ffliwt play the flute (“make the flute sing”)

dawnsio ar ôl pob ffliwt
dance to every fiddle, change one’s opinion to agee with whatever is being said

ETYMOLOGY: English flute ‹fliuut› < French flahute < (Old) Occitan < Vulgar Latin *flabeolum (in the Occitan word there is influence of the word laut = lute). Compare modern Catalan flauta

NOTE: Also with a diminutive suffix ffliwten ‹fliut-en›

:_______________________________.

Y Fflos ‹FLOOS› m?f?
1 SO2198 marshy ground in Ffordun, Powÿs

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=268573 Y Fflos. Map.

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English

Cf the words flush and flosh in Scottish place names (= boggy ground with water on the surface)

:_______________________________.

fflwar ‹flu -ar› masculine noun
PLURAL fflwars ‹flu -ars›
North Wales

1 Englishism flower
pot fflwars flower pot

2 Englishism flour

ETYMOLOGY: fflwar < fflwer < English flower, flour (These are in fact the same word, but modern English differentiates the two meanings with different spellings) . The present pronunciation in English is ‹flau-ə› but six hundred years ago it was ‹fluər / fluur›. Cf the Welsh word fflwr (= flour)

:_______________________________.

fflŵr ‹FLUUR›
1 flour (South-west Wales)

:_______________________________.

fflÿd, fflydoedd ‹FLIID, FLƏ-dodh›
1 fleet

fflÿd o gychod pysgota fishing fleet

:_______________________________.

ffo ‹FOO› ‹ar FOO›

1 flight (= escape)

2 ar ffo ‹ar FOO› (adverb) fleeing

:_______________________________.

ffoadur, ffoaduriaid ‹fo A dir, fo a DIR yed›
1 refugee

ffoaduriaid a chwilwÿr lloches refugees and asylum seekers

gwersÿll ffoaduriaid (m) gwersÿlloedd ffoaduriaid refugee camp
dalfa ffoaduriaid (f) dalféÿdd ffoaduriaid refugees’ detention centre

:_______________________________.

ffocstrot ‹foks-trot› feminine noun
PLURAL ffocstrotiau, ffocstrots ‹focs- trot-ye, foks-trots›
1 foxtrot = type of ballroom dance
ffocstrot araf slow foxtrot

ETYMOLOGY: English foxtrot = (fox + trot)

:_______________________________.

ffocstrotio ‹focs- trot-yo› verb
1 to foxtrot, to do the foxtrot

ETYMOLOGY: (ffocstrot foxtrot = a type of dance) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

ffodus ‹FO dis›
1 fortunate

:_______________________________.

fföes ‹fôis› feminine noun
1 variant of the word ffos (= ditch)

2 Ffoes Las Fach [fois laas vaakh] ‘little green ditch’. A lost place name in Caer-dÿdd.

According to John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernÿw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911):
“FOES-LASE-VACH"
A meadow in the parish of Llanedern (1702)”

The local form would have been Ffois Læs Fæch [fois lä:s vä:kh], and the spelling ‘lase’ indicates this local pronunciation, though it is not extended to the spelling of ‘vach’, probably because there was no easy way to indicate the sound, unless the unusual spelling ‘vech’ were to be used.

It might also be conveniently written as Ffois Lääs Fääch, to indicate the length and the ä quality of the long a in south-east Wales.

3 Ffoesyrefail farm in Pen-coed, county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (“(the) ditch (of) the smithy”)

:_______________________________.

ffoglÿd ‹fo -glid› adjective

1 region of Morgannwg (weather) misty, damp, heavy

2 (food) filling

3 (chest) asthmatic

4 North Wales (appearance) bloated

ETYMOLOGY: (ffòg = fog) + (-lÿd adjectival suffix)

NOTE: Also: ffoclÿd ‹fok-lid›

:_______________________________.

ffogo ‹fo -go› verb
1 central Ceredigion stuff oneself with food, eat too much; overfill (stomach)

NOTE: Also: ffoco

:_______________________________.

ffogen ‹FO gen›
1 fog (South Wales)

:_______________________________.

ffoi ‹FOI›
1 flee = run away

ffoi rhag... run away (from a danger)
ffoi rhag rhÿwbeth flee / run away from something
rhwÿstro rhywun rhag ffoi stop someone from running away
(“impede somebody in front of fleeing”)
ffoi rhag y llid a ddaw flee the wrath that is to come
ffowch rhag y farn a ddaw flee from the wrath to come

ffoi o... escape from (a place)
ffoi o rÿwle flee from somewhere
ffoi o’ch lloches break cover (“flee from your shelter”)
ffoi o’r ddalfa escape from prison

2 ymladd neu ffoi (Biology) fight or flight

3 ffoi am eich einioes (rhàg...) ‹foi am əkh ein -yos›
flee for one's life, run for one's life (from...)
(ffoi = flee) + (am = for) + (eich = your) + (einioes = life)

:_______________________________.

1 ffôl ‹FOOL›
1 foolish
cymrÿd cam ffôl do something rash (“take (a) foolish step”)

2 (South Wales) of poor quality
Dÿw e ddim yn ffôl It's not bad

:_______________________________.

2 ffôl ‹fool› feminine noun
PLURAL ffôls ‹fools›
1 (North Wales) fall (in a slate quarry)

2 Nant y Ffôl place name, Patagonia, south of Trevelin in the Argentinian Andes.

In fact, in this place name “ffôl” is spelt as in English, hence Nant y Fall is the form always used.

The meaning is probably "stream (of) the (water)fall” rather than “stream (of) the fallen stones". (Can anybody confirm this?)

ETYMOLOGY: English fall < Old English feallan (= to fall); cf German der Fall (= fall)

:_______________________________.

ffolder, ffolderau / ffolderi ‹FOL der. Fol DE re / fol DE ri›
1 folder

:_______________________________.

ffolen, ffolennau ‹FO len, fo LE ne› feminine noun
1 buttock

:_______________________________.

ffolog ‹fo-log› feminine noun
PLURAL ffologod ‹fo- lô-god›

1 silly woman, silly thing (female)

Diarhebion 14:1 Gwraig ddoeth a adeilada ei thŷ: ond y ffolog a'i tyn ef i lawr â’i dwylo.
Proverbs 14:1 Every wise woman buildeth her house: but the foolish plucketh it down with her hands.

Gwcw fach, ond wÿt ti'n ffolog - canu 'mhlith yr eithin pigog
Little cuckoo, aren’t you a foolish thing, singing amidst the prickly gorse (words of the folk song “Y Gwcw Fach” – the little cuckoo)

ETYMOLOGY: (ffôl = fool) + (-og adjectival or nominal suffix)

:_______________________________.

ffolól ‹fo LOL›
1 nonsense

:_______________________________.

ffolt, ffoltiau ‹FOLT, FOLT ye›
1 (Geology) fault

:_______________________________.

ffôl y gannwÿll ‹fool ə ga-nuilh› masculine noun
1 South-east Wales moth ("fool of the candle" because it flies into the candle flame)

:_______________________________.

ffon, ffÿn ‹FON FIN› feminine noun
1 stick = long thin piece of wood

2 wand = stick used for magic
ffon hud magic wand

3 stick = walking stick
ffon gerdded walking stick
(South Wales) clopa ffon knob on a walking stick
bwrw hen wragedd a ffÿn rain cats and dogs (“rain old women and walking sticks”)

4 rod = stick for measuring
ffon fesur measuring rod

EXPRESSIONS WITH FFON:

pen praffa’r ffon the thick end of the stick (“the thickest end of the stick”)
bod pen praffa’r ffon gan... have the advantage, give the orders, have the last word (“have the thickest end of the stick”)

Mae pen praffa’r ffon nawr gan y masnachwÿr a nhw sÿdd yn penderfynnu’r pris a gaiff y ffermwÿr am y llaeth
The merchants now have the last word and they are the ones who decide the price the farmers will get for their milk

COMPARISONS:

mor sÿth â ffon as straight as a ramrod (“as straight as a stick”)

TYPES OF STICK:

cynffon (f) cynffonnau tail
(cyn- = dog) + (ffon = stick)

drymffon PLURAL drymffÿn drumstick
(drym- stem of drymio = to drum) + (ffon = stick)

llawffon walking stick
(llaw = hand) + (ffon = stick)

ffon dabwrdd drumstick

ffon dafl ‹fon da -val› feminine noun
PLURAL ffÿn tafl ‹fin ta -val›
sling = (weapon) strip of leather held in the hand so as to form a loop, used for throwing stones (carreg dafl = slingstone)

ETYMOLOGY: (ffon = stick) + soft mutation + (tafl ‘thrown’, stem of the verb taflu = to throw)

ffon darw ‹fon da -ru› feminine noun
PLURAL ffÿn teirw ‹fin tei -ru›
(County of Môn) bull's penis dried and used as a stick

ETYMOLOGY: ‘bull stick’ (ffon = stick) + soft mutation + (tarw = bull)

ffon fesur (f) ffÿn mesur measuring rod
(ffon = stick) + soft mutation + (mesur = measuring; to measure)

ffon gerdded (f) ffÿn cerdded walking stick
(ffon = stick) + soft mutation + (cerdded = walking; to walk)

ffon guro drwm, PLURAL: ffÿn curo drwm ‹fon GII ro DRUM, fin GII ro DRUM› feminine noun
drumstick (“stick (of) beating drum”)

ffon hud magic wand

ffon wreichion, PLURAL: ffÿn gwreichion ‹fon WREIKH yon, fin GWREIKH yon› feminine noun sparkler

“stick (of) sparks”, “spark stick” (ffon = stick) + sodt mutation + (gwreichion = sparks)
:_______________________________.

ffondant ‹fon -dant› masculine noun
PLURAL ffondantau ‹fon- dan -te›

1 fondant – sweet of thick creamy paste

ETYMOLOGY: English fondant < French fondant (= melting) < fondre (= to melt) < Latin fundere (= to melt)

:_______________________________.

ffonfesurwr ‹fon-ve-sî-rur› masculine noun
PLURAL ffonfesurwÿr ‹fon-ve-sir-wir›

1 (Surveying) staffman, one who holds the staff

ETYMOLOGY: (ffon fesur = measuring stick) + (-wr suffix = ‘man’)

:_______________________________.

ffôn ‹foon› TES-Y masculine noun
PLURAL ffôns, ffonau ‹fô-ne›
1 telephone

2 ffôn boced = mobile phone ("phone (of) pocket", pocket phone)

3 ar y ffôn = (talking) on the phone

4 ar y ffôn = on the phone (owning a phone)

Ÿch chi ar y ffôn? Are you on the phone?

5 llÿfr ffôn = phone book

6 rhif ffôn = phone number

7 codi'r ffôn = pick up the phone, pick up the receiver, answer the phone

8 cysylltÿdd ffôn = phone operator

9 galwad ffôn = phone call

10 derbynnÿdd ffôn = phone receiver, part of a telephone held to the ear

11 ciosg ffôn, phone kiosk

12 caban ffön = phone box

13 tapio ffôn = to tap a phone; tapio ffonau to tap phones

ETYMOLOGY: English phone < telephone (Greek tele = far) + (Greek phônê = voice)

:_______________________________.

ffôn ateb ‹foon A teb›
1 doorphone (at entrance to flats)

:_______________________________.

ffoniad ‹ fon -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL ffoniadau ‹ fon- yâ -de›
1 blow with a stick
2 beating with a stick
rhoi ffoniad i give a beating (with a stick) to

ETYMOLOGY: ffon (= stick) + (-i-ad abstract noun-forming suffix)

NOTE: (South Wales) ffonnad, ffonadau

:_______________________________.

ffonio ‹fon-yo› verb
1 to telephone, to phone, to make a phone call

ETYMOLOGY: (ffôn = phone) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

ffonnad ‹ fo -nad› masculine noun
PLURAL ffonadau ‹ fo- nâ -de›
(South Wales)
1 blow with a stick
See ffoniad

:_______________________________.

ffonnod ‹ fo -nod› f;eminine noun
PLURAL ffoniadau ‹ fon- yâ -de›
1 blow with a stick

ETYMOLOGY: ffonn- < ffon (= stick) + (-od suffix for forming nouns = blow ‹with a stick, etc›)

:_______________________________.

ffonodio ‹ fo- nod -yo› verb
1 hit with a stick

ETYMOLOGY: (ffonod = beating with a stick) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

fforc, ffÿrc ‹FORK, FIRK› ‹FIRKS›
1 fork

2 Cystal bÿs a bawd â chyllell a fforc Fingers were made before forks (in excusing oneself for not eating with a knife and fork) (“(it-is) as-good (a ) finger and thumb as (a) knife and fork”)

3 fforc weini, ffÿrc gweini ‹fork WEI ni, firk GWEI ni› serving fork

:_______________________________.

fforch, ffÿrch / fforchau ‹FORKH, FIRKH / FOR khe› feminine noun
1 pitchfork

2 fforch dail, ffÿrch tail ‹forkh DAIL, firkh TAIL› dung fork
fforch wair, ffÿrch gwair ‹forkh WAIR, firkh GWAIR› hay fork

3 trawfforch tuning fork, “pitchfork” (traw = (Music) pitch) + (fforch = fork)

:_______________________________.

fforchiad, fforchiadau ‹FORKH yad, forkh YAA dai -de› masculine noun
1 bifurcation
:_______________________________.

fforchio ‹FORKH-yo› (verb)
1 to fork

2 fforchio’n ddwÿ (path, road) to fork (“(to) fork in two (parts)”)

:_______________________________.

(1) ffordd, ffÿrdd ‹fordh, firdh› (f)
1 road
priffordd, PLURAL priffÿrdd ‹PRI fordh, PRI firdh› motorway

cerbytffordd ‹ker-bət-fordh › (f) PLURAL cerbytffÿrdd ‹ ker-bət-firdh ›
1 carriageway
(cerbɥd = vehicle) + (ffordd= road) > *cerbɥd·ffordd > cerbytffordd (d-ff > t-ff)

2 (sign) “Ffordd ar gau” ‹fordh ar GAI› = “Road Closed”

3 gadael ffordd glir leave a passageway, leave room to get by

4 ffordd ’gosa improvised, makeshift, impromptu
(< y ffordd agosaf “(the) nearest way”)

prÿd ffordd ’gosa an improvised meal

5 rhan o’r ffordd part of the way
(adverb) ran o’r ffordd part of the way (with soft mutation)
mÿnd ran o’r ffordd gyda rhÿwun go part of the way with somebody

6 way = route to a specified place
Allech chi ddangos imi’r ffordd i’r orsaf? Could you show me the way to the station?

7 gwaith ffordd road works = the repairing of a road surface, or the installing or maintenance of pipes or cables under the road (gwaith = work) + (ffordd = road)
Also gwaith ar ffordd “work on road”

8 mÿnd y ffordd fyrraf go the shortest way

9 rhwÿstr ffordd PLURAL rhwÿstrau ffÿrdd roadblock (“obstacle (of) road”)

10 ymhób dull a ffordd in all sorts of ways (“in every form and way”)

11 troi ychydig o’r ffordd make a slight diversion (“turn a bit from the road”)

Darfu i amryw gynulleidfaoedd yn Pennsylvania a New York erfyn arnaf droi ychydig o’r ffordd i alw heibio iddynt pan ar fy nhaith tua Chymru (Cofiant y Tri Brawd / E Pan Jones / 1892 / t153 )
Some congregations in Pennsylvania and New York have asked me to make a slight diversion to visit them when on my way to Wales

12 cynnal ffordd maintain a road, keep a road in good repair

13 gweld pa ffordd y mae’r gwynt yn chwythu see how things are / see how things stand, see how the land lies

13 Hen Ffordd farm name, Abergwyngregyn SH 6572 (county of Conwÿ), mentioned in the 1851 Census
yr hen ffordd “the old road” (yr definite article) + (hen = old) + (ffordd = road)
henffordd

14 min ffordd roadside
tafarn min ffordd roadside tavern

:_______________________________.

(2) ffordd ‹fordh›
1 as a final syllable in place names of English origin with –ford

..a/ Chwitffordd (SJ1478) locality in the county of Y Fflint English name: Whitford

..b/ Gresffordd (SJ3554) locality in the county of Wrecsam. English name: Gresford

..c/ Merffordd (SJ3556) locality in the county of Wrecsam, 1km north of Wrecsam
English name: Marford

:_______________________________.

ffordd angladd ‹fordh a -ngladh› feminine noun
PLURAL ffÿrdd angladd ‹firdh a -ngladh›
South-west Wales
1 churchroad, funeral road = route taken by a funeral procession to reach the churchyard or chapel

ETYMOLOGY: (ffordd = road) + (angladd = funeral)

:_______________________________.

ffordd ddeuol ‹fordh ddei -ol› feminine noun
PLURAL ffÿrdd deuol ‹firdh ddei -ol›
1 (American: divided highway) (Englandic: dual carriageway)

ETYMOLOGY: (ffordd = road) + soft mutation + (deuol = dual)

:_______________________________.

Y Ffordd Ddolurus ‹ fordh dho-lî-ris› feminine noun
1 Via Dolorosa = in Jerusalem, a route about a mile long which was taken by Jesus from Pilate’s Hall of Judgement to the place of crucifixion at Golgotha or Calvary

ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + (ffordd = road) + soft mutation + (dolurus = sorrowful, painful)

:_______________________________.

ffordd fawr ‹fordh vaur ›
PLURAL ffÿrdd mawr ‹firdh maur ›
1 highway
Rheolau'r Ffordd Fawr the Highway Code

2 (in the country) highway, main road
ffordd fawr bedair lôn a four-lane highway

3 (in a village or town) main road, high street

4 street names
..1/ Y Ffordd Fawr the High Street
(on signs usually without the definite article: Ffordd Fawr)

..2/ Also the Welsh translation of various roads called ‘Main Road’ in the north (some of these roads may have earlier Welsh names or existing genuine Welsh names)
....a/ ‘Main Road’ Brychdwn (by Caer / Chester)
....b/ ‘Main Road’ Rhosrobin (county of Wrecsam)
In the south, Heol Fawr would be the more usual translation

..3/ Welsh translation of various roads called ‘Main Street’ in the north (some of these roads may have earlier Welsh names or existing genuine Welsh names)
....a/ ‘Main Street’ Caer-sws (county of Powÿs)
In the south, Heol Fawr would be the more usual translation

ETYMOLOGY: y ffordd fawr “the big road”
(yr / y = the) + (ffordd = road) + soft mutation + (mawr = big)

:_______________________________.

Ffordd Fer ‹fordh ver ›
1 street name in
..a/ Caergybi (county of Ynÿs Môn)
..b/ Mynÿddisa (county of Y Fflint)
..c/ Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint)

ETYMOLOGY: y ffordd fer “the short road”
(y = the) + (ffordd = road) + soft mutation + (ber, feminine form of bÿr = short)

:_______________________________.

fforddiadwÿ ‹fordh-yâ-dui› verb
1 affordable
cartrefi fforddiadwÿ affordable homes

mae prinder mawr o dai fforddiadwy there is an acute / a great shortage of

affordable housing

ETYMOLOGY: (ffordd-i, stem of fforddio = to afford) + (-adwÿ suffix)

:_______________________________.

..1 fforddio ‹fordh -yo› verb
1 afford = have enough money to be able to buy

2 ni + gallu fforddio can't afford = can’t permit, can’t allow (said of something disadvantageous / detrimental / harmful
for the speaker if it is allowed to happen, and so must be prevented)

rhwbath na fedra i ddim fforddio peidio â'i neud
something I can't afford not to do

Fedar dau sÿ'n morio'n yr un cwch ddim fforddio dal dig yn hir
Two people sailing in the same boat can’t afford to be angry with each other for long

ETYMOLOGY: fforddio < *afforddio < English afford ‹əfórd› (

or an earlier form in English ‹əfórdh›, with a final dh)

< Old English geforthian (= to make go further, to promote)

< (ge- verbal prefix) + (forth = forward, forth) + (-ian verbal suffix)

NOTE:
(1) South-west Wales: ffordo ‹for-do›
(2) South-east Wales: ffwrdo ‹fur-do›

:_______________________________.

..2 fforddio ‹fordh -yo› verb
1 prepare a way

2 instruct, guide, direct

fforddio plant ar y ffordd iawn show children the proper way

Salmau 37.23 Yr Arglwÿdd a fforddia gerddediad gŵr da; a da fÿdd ganddo ei ffordd ef
Psalms 37.23 The steps of a good man are ordered by the Lord; and he delighteth in his way

NOTE: county of Caerfyrddin fforddi ‹for-dhi›

ETYMOLOGY: (ffordd = road) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

fforddoliwr, fforddolwÿr ‹for DHOL yur, for DHOL wir›
1 roadmender

:_______________________________.

ffordd osgói ‹fordh o-SKOI› (f)
PLURAL ffÿrdd osgói ‹firdh o-SKOI›

1 (road) bypass

ffordd osgói ddwyreiniol eastern bypass

Ffordd Osgói Ddwyreiniol Llandeilo The Llandeilo Eastern Bypass

Ffordd Osgói Ddwyreiniol Merthÿrtudful The Methÿrtudful Eastern Bypass

ETYMOLOGY: “road (of) avoiding” (ffordd = road) + (osgói = avoiding)

:_______________________________.

ffordd Rufeinig ‹fordh ri-vei-nig› masculine noun
PLURAL ffÿrdd Rhufeinig ‹firdh hri-vei-nig›
1 Roman road, one built by the Roman occupiers during the four centuries of the occupation of the island of Britain (43 AD - 410 AD), and characteristically constructed in a straight line

In Caer-sws (county of Powÿs) there is a street called “Roman Road”, which translated into Welsh would be Ffordd Rufeinig (though ssarn is the usual expression, as in the street name Tyn-y-sarn (“smallholding by the paved causeway / by the Roman road”) in the same village)

ETYMOLOGY: (ffordd = road) + soft mutation + (Rhufeinig = Roman)

:_______________________________.

ffôr-ddy-sêc-of-awr-Inglish-ffrens ‹for dhə seek ov aur ing-glish frens›
1 sarcastic expression used to criticise the servile attitude of speaking before a Welsh-speaking audience in English instead of Welsh out of deference if an English person is present in the gathering (eg, public function, eisteddfod, religious service)

ETYMOLOGY: from the English phrase pronounced in a Welsh accent “(we shall use English instead of Welsh) for the sake of our English friends”

:_______________________________.

Y Fforest Fawr ‹fo rest VAUR›
1 place name (non-settlement name) - the big hunting ground

:_______________________________.

Y Fforest-fach ‹fo rest VAAKH›
1 place name (village) - the little hunting ground

:_______________________________.

ffóriner, ffóriners ‹FO ri ner, FO ri ners›
1 foreigner (Englishism)

:_______________________________.

fforj ‹forj› feminine noun
1 forge = furnace for heating and melting iron in order to shape it

Fforj-fach (“little forge”) locality of Clydach, county of Abertawe

ETYMOLOGY: English forge (= forge) < Middle English < Old French (= forge)
< Latin fabrica (= workshop) (in modern French: forge = forge)

NOTE: also ffortsh

:_______________________________.

fforman, fformÿn ‹FOR man, FOR min›
1 foreman

:_______________________________.

ffortiwn, ffortiynau ‹FOR tiun, for TIU ne› (f)
1 fortune = riches
gwneud eich ffortiwn make a fortune (“make your fortune”)
bod yn werth ffortiwn be worth a mint / a fortune

2 am ffortiwn for all the tea in China, for anything in the world (“for a fortune”)
Wnawn i mohoni am ffortiwn I wouldn’t do it for all the tea in China

:_______________________________.

ffos, ffosÿdd ‹FOOS, FO sidh›
1 ditch
2 dringo dros glawdd y ffos go over the top, climb out of the trench and go over the defensive rampart

:_______________________________.

Ffosfelen ‹foos vê-len› feminine noun
1 street name in Tre-gwÿr, Abertawe

ETYMOLOGY: ‘yellow ditch’
(ffos = ditch) + soft mutation + (melen, feminine form of melÿn = yellow)

:_______________________________.

ffosi ‹fo -si› verb
1 to moat (a castle), build a moat around (a castle)

ETYMOLOGY: (ffos = ditch) + (-i suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

Ffos Noddun ‹foos nô-dhin›
1 locality near Betws-y-coed SH7956 (county of Conwÿ);
English name ‘Fairy Glen’ (!!!)

ETYMOLOGY: (‘deep ditch’) (ffos = ditch) + (noddun, a form with the loss of the first syllable of anoddun (obsolete) (= very deep, bottomless)).

The adjective anoddun (obsolete) is equivalent to anoddyfn (obsolete)
(an intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (goddyfn = deep)

goddÿfn is (go intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (dÿfn, variant of dwfn = deep)

:_______________________________.

Ffos-y-go ‹kâi-goo›
1 SJ 3054 village 5km north-west of Wrecsam and 1km north-west of Gwersÿllt

ETYMOLOGY:
(“(the) ditch (of) the smith”)

(ffos = ditch) + (y = definite article) + (gof = smith).

The final ‹v› is often lost in the north in one-syllable words, hence gof > go.

:_______________________________.

ffowlsÿn ‹foul-sin› masculine noun
PLURAL ffowls ‹fouls›
South-west Wales
1 hen;
2 (as meat) chicken;
see ffowlÿn

:_______________________________.

ffowlÿn ‹fou-lin› masculine noun
PLURAL ffowls ‹fouls›
1 hen

2 chicken (one plucked ready for cooking in the oven, or one cooked)

3 ffowls hens;
dihuno 'run prÿd â'r ffowls
wake up at cock crow, wake up at the same time as the chickens / hens (i.e. very early, at dawn)

ETYMOLOGY: (ffowl < English fowl = hen) + (-ÿn), Old English fugol = bird, as modern German der Vogel ‹fo-gəl› = bird

NOTE: also: South-west Wales ffowlsÿn ‹foul-sin› (English fowls plural form, = hens) + (-ÿn)

:_______________________________.

ffowndri ‹foun-dri› masculine noun
PLURAL ffowndrïau, ffowndris ‹foun-dri-e, foun-dris›
1 foundry = place for melting metal (especially iron) or glass and shaping it in moulds

ETYMOLOGY: English foundry < French fonderie (= foundry) < fondre (= to melt) < Latin fundere, fûsum (= to pour)

:_______________________________.

Ffr.
1 abbreviation = Ffrangeg

:_______________________________.

ffradach ‹FRA dakh›
1 failure

:_______________________________.

ffraeo ‹FREI o›
1 to argue, to row, to have a dispute
2 ffraeo fel dau gudÿll have a violent row (“dispute like two hawks”)

:_______________________________.

Ffraid ‹fraid › feminine noun
1 woman's name = Brigit

ETYMOLOGY: Ffraid, from the place name Llansanffráid “(the) church (of) saint Bríd”;

from *Llan-sannh-fráid ‹sanh-vráid›

(llan = church) + (sant = saint) + (Braid = Welsh form of the name of the Irish female saint Bríd)

:_______________________________.

Ffrainc ‹FRAINGK›
1 France

:_______________________________.

ffrâm, fframiau ‹FRAAM, FRAM-ye›
1 frame
2 ffrâm welÿ plural fframiau gwelÿ bedframe

:_______________________________.

ffranc, ffranciau ‹FRANGK, FRANGK ye›
1 franc (money)

:_______________________________.

Ffrances, Ffrancesau ‹FRANG kes, framg KE se›
1 Frenchwoman

:_______________________________.

Ffrancwr, Ffrancwÿr ‹FRANG kur, FRANGK wir›
1 Frenchman

:_______________________________.

y Ffrancwÿr ‹FRANGK wir›
1 French people

:_______________________________.

Ffrangeg ‹FRA ngeg›
1 French language
2 abbreviation (in a dictionary entry) Ffr.

:_______________________________.

Ffransis ‹FRAN sis›
1 Francis

:_______________________________.

ffraw ‹frau› adjective
1 (obsolete) brisk, lively. See the following entry for its use as a river name.

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ffraw < ffrawf < British *frâmâ < Celtic *srô-m- .

The corresponding Irish word is sreabh (noun) stream, flow; (verb) to flow

Ffraw is related to the Welsh word ffrwd (= torrent, swift stream)

:_______________________________.

Ffraw ‹frau› feminine noun

WALES
1 Afon Ffraw SH 3669 river in Ynÿs Môn (North Wales)
Abérffraw, (colloquially Y Berffro) a village at the mouth of the river Ffraw

There are also rivers in England called “Frome” (the English name has preserved the “m” in the British or early Welsh name *Frâmâ )

ENGLAND (SOMERSET)
2 Afon Ffraw ST 7960 Frome ‹fruum›, a river in the county of Somerset, England; it rises 10km to the south of the town Frome, passing through this town, and flowing into the river Avon at Bradford-on-Avon

ENGLAND (HEREFORDSHIRE)
3 Afon Ffraw SO 5638 Frome, a river in the county of Hereford, England; it rises 10km to the north of the town Bromyard, passing through this town and flowing into the river Lugg (“Llugwÿ” in Welsh) 5km east of Hereford

ENGLAND (DORSET)
4 Afon Ffraw SY 9487 Frome, a river in the county of Dorset, England; it rises at Evershot and flows through Dorchester and Wareham and flows into the sea at Wareham Harbour

ETYMOLOGY: See the previous entry ffraw (adjective)

:_______________________________.

Ffrèd ‹FRED›
1 Fred

:_______________________________.

Ffrengig ‹fre -ngig› adjective
1 French = relating to France or the inhabitants of the French state (but not the language, which is Ffrangeg)

2 Y Chwyldro Ffrengig The French Revolution

3 bara Ffrengig French loaf, French bread, baguette

cneuen Ffrengig (“French nut”) walnut

English “walnut” has a similar sense: “foreign nut” (wal- foreign, as in Wales, the foreign people, the people not like us; and the adjective Welsh). Cf Dorset dialect (south-western England): welshnut = walnut http://home.clara.net/anvil/DORSET.pdf

collen Ffrengig (“French hazel-tree / nut-tree”) walnut tree

corn Ffrengig French horn

crwst Ffrengig French pastry, cake filled aith cream

cusan Ffrengig (American: soul kiss) (Englandic: French kiss)

cwÿr Ffrengig French polish (shellac dissolved in alcohol)

cwÿrÿdd Ffrengig French polisher, person who treats furniture with French polish

ffenestr Ffrengig (American: French door) (Englandic: French window)

ffeuen Ffrengig French bean, green bean

ffranc Ffrengig French franc

helygen Ffrengig (Salix triandra) almond willow See: helygen trigwryw

llygoden Ffrengig (“French mouse”) rat (in some dialects, this has been adapted to become llygoden ffyrnig “fierce mouse”)

mwstard Ffrengig French mustard, mustard paste made with vinegar

sialc Ffrengig French chalk, a kind of talc used for temporarily marking cloth in tailoring

ETYMOLOGY: (Ffranc = Frenchman, Frank) + (-ig suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Ffrengigo ‹fre-ngî-go› verb
1 Frenchify

ETYMOLOGY: (Ffrengig = French) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

ffresh ‹FRESH›
1 fresh

:_______________________________.

ffresni ‹FRES ni›
1 freshness

:_______________________________.

ffreutur ‹frei -tir› masculine noun
PLURAL ffreuturiau ‹frei-tir-ye›

1 refectory = common dining room in a monastery

2 refectory = common dining room in a university (USA: commons)

ETYMOLOGY: via Middle English freitur < French fraitur, refreitor (if not directly from French into Welsh)

:_______________________________.

ffrewÿll ‹freu -ilh› feminine noun
PLURAL ffrewyllau ‹freu-ə-lhe›

1 whip

Brenhinoedd-1 12:11 Ac yn awr fy nhad a'ch llwÿthodd â iau drom, a minnau a chwanegaf ar eich iau chwi; fy nhad a'ch cosbodd chwi â ffrewyllau, a mi a'ch cosbaf chwi ag ysgorpionau
Kings-1 12:11 And now whereas my father did lade you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke: my father hath chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions

Diarhebion 26:3 Ffrewyll i farch, ffrwyn i asyn, a gwialen i gefn yr ynfyd.
Proverbs 26:3 A whip for the horse, a bridle for the ass, and a rod for the fool's back.

ETYMOLOGY: possibly from Irish; in modern Irish sraoill = tear apart; straggle; (formerly) flagellate

:_______________________________.

ffri ‹frii› adjective
1 free = unimpeded, unrestricted

y dŵr sÿ'n ffrydio mor ffri drwÿ'n tapiau
the water which flows so freely through our taps

ETYMOLOGY: English free < Old English < Germanic; cf German frei (= free)

:_______________________________.

ffridd ‹friidh› feminine noun
PLURAL friddoedd ‹frî -dhodh›
North Wales
1 wood, frith (= wooded land)

2 hill pasture; pasture land extending up to the wall separating a farm from the mountain land. In this enclosed land the sheep graze after being brought down from the hilltops for winter; also where cattle are grazed for part of the year; sheepwalk (= pasture for sheep)

3 Common in place names.

In the north-east ffrith, with th ‹th› instead of dd ‹dh› in the counties of Y Fflint, Dinbÿch, and Conwÿ as far as Llanfair Fechan

(1) Bwlch-y-ffridd SO0695 locality in Powÿs 6km north-west of Y Drenewÿdd

(2) Y Ffrith SJ2855 hamlet 7km north-west of Wrecsam between Brymbo and Llanfynÿdd

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < Middle English frith (= wood) < Old English ge-fyrhthe

:_______________________________.

ffrind, ffrindiau ‹FRIND, FRIND ye›
1 friend

:_______________________________.

ffrio ‹FRI o›
1 to fry

:_______________________________.

Frisaidd ‹fri -sedh› adjective
1 Friaian

ETYMOLOGY: (Ffris-, stem of Ffrisia) + (-aidd suffix for forming nouns indicating the content or capacity of a container )

:_______________________________.

Ffriseg ‹fri -seg› feminine noun
1 Frisian = the language of Frisia
2 (adj) Frisian = relating to the Frisian language

ETYMOLOGY: (Ffris-, stem of Ffrisia) + (-eg suffix for forming a noun or adjective indicating a language or dialect)

:_______________________________.

Ffrisia ‹ffris -ya› feminine noun
1 Frisia
Ynysoedd Frisia the Frisian islands

:_______________________________.

Ffrisiad ‹fris -yad› masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL Ffrisiadau ‹fris- yâ -de›
1 Frisian

ETYMOLOGY: (Ffris-, stem of Ffrisia) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix, indicating an inhabitant of a place)

:_______________________________.

1 ffrit ‹frit› adjective
South Wales

1 worthless
Un ffrit ÿw e He's useless ("(a) useless one is he")

2 insignificant, petty

ETYMOLOGY: English frit (= frightened)

:_______________________________.

2a ffrit ‹frit› masculine noun
PLURAL ffritiau ‹frit-ye›

1 a sudden leap, sudden start

2 adverb quickly, suddenly

3 exclamation in a narration (indicates a sudden movement) whoosh!

ETYMOLOGY: Probably from English frit (= frightened)
:_______________________________.

2b ffrit ‹frit› masculine noun
PLURAL ffritiau ‹frit-ye›
South Wales

1 worthless person, good for nothing
hen ffrit o beth = a useless lump ("old + useless person + of + (a) thing")
See also ffriten

2 trivial thing, insignificant thing, worthless thing

ETYMOLOGY: from ffrit (= worthless), probably from English frit (= frightened)

:_______________________________.

ffriten ‹fri-ten› feminine noun
PLURAL ffritennod ‹fri-te-nod›
1 a good-for-nothing, a worthless woman

ETYMOLOGY: (ffrit adjective = useless) + (-en, suffix for forming nouns denoting a female)

NOTE: in the North-west ffritan (since it is an area where a final e becomes a)

:_______________________________.

ffriter ‹fri-ter› masculine noun
PLURAL ffriterau ‹fri-te-re›
1 fritter = slice of a fruit (such as an apple) or other ingredient, covered in a batter (milk, egg and flour mixture) and fried
ffriter afal ‹fri ter A val› apple fritter

ETYMOLOGY: English fritter < Old French friture < frire (= to fry) < Latin frîgere, frîctum (= to fry)

NOTE: ffriter can also be a feminine noun; in the South-east, it is ffritwn, plural ffritwns (feminine noun)

:_______________________________.

ffrith ‹FRIITH› feminine noun
1 hill pasture; see ffridd

:_______________________________.

ffrochwÿllt ‹frokh -wilht› adjective
1 furious, fierce, wild, broiling

sŵn y rhaeadr ffrochwÿllt the sound of the broiling waterfall

ETYMOLOGY: ffrochwÿllt < ffrychwÿllt < rhychwÿllt < rhywÿllt (= furious)

(rhy- prefix = very, greatly, extremely; the same as the adverb rhÿ = too, overly) + soft mutaiton + (gwÿllt = furious).

The ‘ch’ is not easy to explain; it may be due to the influence of words such as chwyrnu (= to snarl), chwÿl (= turn, rotation)

:_______________________________.

ffroen, ffroenau ‹FROIN, FROI ne›
1 nostril
2 muzzle of a firearm
yn ffroen gwn at gunpoint (“in (the) nose (of) (a) gone”)
yn ffroen dryll at gunpoint (“in (the) nose (of) (a ) gun”)

:_______________________________.

ffroenuchel ‹ffroin- î -khel› adjective
1 haughty, snooty, arrogant

Cymry Cymraeg sydd yn rhÿ falch a ffroenuchel i arfer eu mamiaith
Welsh-speakers too snooty and haughty to use their mother tongue

Mae hi’n ddigon ffroenuchel wrthyf fi
She’s quite snooty with me

2 also uchel eich ffroen, supercilious, snooty, toffee-nosed

ETYMOLOGY: (ffroen = nostril) + (uchel = high)

:_______________________________.

ffrog, frogiau ‹FROG, FROG ye›
1 frock

:_______________________________.

ffroisen, ffrois ‹FROI sen, FROIS› feminine noun
1 pancake

:_______________________________.

ffrwd, ffrydiau ‹FRUUD, FRƏD ye› feminine noun
1 stream; mountainside stream

2 ffrwd fâl millstream, millrace
Ffrwd-fâl mansion in the parish of Cynwÿl Gaeo (county of Caerfyrddin)

3 ffrwd felin millstream, millrace
ffrwd y felin the millstream, the millrace
siarad fel ffrwd y felin talk non-stop, talk incessantly, prattle on (“talk like the millstream”)

4 melinffrwd (literary compound word) millstream, millrace
(melin = mill) + (ffrwd = stream)

Y Felinffrwd street name in Caerffili (misspelt as if two words – “ Y Felin Ffrwd ”)

5 Aber-ffrwd a street name in Tredegar (county of Blaenau Gwent) (locally it is spelt incorrectly without the hyphen “ Aberffrwd ”).

From aber y ffrwd (“(the) confluence (of) the stream” - probably referring to a stream flowing into the river Sirhywi)

6 Min-ffrwd ‹ miin fruud› house name
This is “streamside”; min y ffrwd (“(the) side (of) the river”) > min ffrwd with loss of the linking definite article

Heol Min-ffrwd (“Minffrwd Road”), a street in Pen-coed (Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

7 caletffrwd ‹ka-LET-frud› [kaˡlɛtfrʊd] (f)
hillside stream with a violent flow of water

“hard torrent” (caled = hard) + (ffrwd = torrent, hillside stream) > caled-ffrwd > caletffrwd (d-ff > t-ff)

Caletffwrdd (“Caledffwrdd”) stream flowing through Clwt-y-bont and Brynrefail into Afon Rhythallt

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/121293 map

See Ffrwdgaled below
:_______________________________.

Ffrwdgaled ‹fruud- ga -led›
1 street name in Tregarth, Bangor (county of Gwynedd) (spelt as “Ffrwd Galed”)

ETYMOLOGY: (ffrwd = hillside stream) + soft mutation + (caled = hard; strong, swift-flowing)

NOTE: See Caletffrwd above
:_______________________________.

Ffrwd-grech ‹fruud- greekh ›
1 stream with churning water
There is a road called “Ffrwdgrech Road” (which in Welsh would be Heol Ffrwd-grech) in Aberhonddu (county of Powÿs)

ETYMOLOGY: (ffrwd = hillside stream) + soft mutaiton + (crech, feminine form of crÿch = curly; rippling; rough)

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ffrwt, ffrytiau ‹FRUUT, FRƏT ye› masculine noun
1 go = energy, iniciative, impetus (in a person)
(North Wales) Does dim ffrwt ynddo He’s got no go in him, There’s no go in him

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ffrwÿdrad, ffrydradau ‹FEUI-drad, frui-DRÂ-de› masculine noun
1 explosion
2 ffrwÿdrad o dymer fit of temper

:_______________________________.

ffrwÿdron ‹frui-dron› plural
1 explosives; plural form of ffrwÿdrÿn

:_______________________________.

ffrwÿn, ffrwÿnau ‹FRUIN, FRUI ne›
1 bridle

:_______________________________.

ffrwÿno ‹frui -no› verb
1 (verb with an object) bridle = put a bridle on

2 bridle = curb, restrict, restrain, check

Does dim ffrwyno arno fe There’s no holding him back (“there’s no bridling on him”)

Mae rhaid i'r wasg ffrwÿno ei hun weithiau Sometimes the press must restrain itself

Mae’n gwbl amhosibl ffrwÿno Seisnictod greddfol y Blaid Lafur yng Nghymru
It’s altogether impossible to curb the instinctive Englishness of the Labour Party in Wales

3 harness = exploit the power of

4 stop (someone), prevent (someone from achieving aims)
Gwÿddom fod rhaid ffrwÿno Siôn Gwilÿm We know we must stop Siôn Gwilÿm

ETYMOLOGY: (ffrwÿn = bridle) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)

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ffrwÿth, ffrwÿthau ‹FRUITH, FRUI the›
1 fruit

2 ffrwÿthau siwgwr crystallized fruit

(siwgwr < siwgr “sugared”, stem – used with a past participle meaning - of the verb siwgro = to sugar)

3 bÿw ar ffrwÿth lladrad live off the proceeds of theft (“live on stolen fruit”)

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ffrwÿthysol ‹fruith- ə -sol› adjective
1 frugivorous, fruit-eating

ETYMOLOGY: (ffrwÿth = fruit) + (-ysol = -eating);
(ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

ffrwÿthysor ‹fruith- ə -sor› masculine noun
PLURAL ffrwÿthysorion ‹fruith- ə-sor-yon›
1 frugivore, fruit-eater

ETYMOLOGY: (ffrwÿth = fruit) + (-ysor = -eater, animal which eats);

(ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-or suffix for indicating a an agent; from Latin -ârius, in words taken from Latin (canghellor (= chancellor) < cancellârius; afterwards used as a suffix with native words – telynor = harpist, from telÿn = harp)

:_______________________________.

ffrydan ‹frə -dan› feminine noun
1 small stream
Ffrydan name of a stream by Y Bala
Ffordd Ffrydan name of a road in Y Bala

ETYMOLOGY: (ffryd- penult form of ffrwd = torrent) + (-an diminutive suffix)

:_______________________________.

ffrydiau ‹frəd -ye›
1 plural form of ffrwd (= rapid stream, torrent)

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Ffrydlas ‹frəd -las›
1 Afon Ffrydlas SH6367 river in the district of Arfon (county of Gwÿnedd)

Glanffrydlas (spelt as “Glan Ffrydlas”) street in Betheda (Gwÿnedd) glan Ffrydlas “(the) bank (of) Afon Ffrydlas”

ETYMOLOGY: “blue torrent” (ffryd-, penult form of ffrwd = swift stream, torrent) + soft mutation + (glas = blue)

if not

“torrent” (ffryd-, penult form of ffrwd = swift stream, torrent) + soft mutation + (glas = stream)
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ffug ‹FIIG› adjective

1 false, bogus
mÿnd o dan enw ffug go under an assumed name, use a false name

Gofalwch rhag masnachwyr ffug Beware of bogus traders
y peth ffug hwnnw a elwir yn wareiddiad that false condition (“thing”) which is called civilisation

2 counterfeit = not genuine, copied with the object of deceiving
arian ffug counterfeit money
pasio arian ffug pass counterfeit money

3 ffug-gerfwedd (Art) false relief

:_______________________________.

ffug- ‹FIIG› prefix
1 pseudo-

ffug-barchus pseudo-respectable, flalsely presenting an image of respectability
ffug-Faróc pseudo-Baroque
ffug-fonheddig pseudo-aristocratic
ffug-ganoloesol pseudo-medieval
ffug-Geltaidd pseudo-Celtic
ffug-glasurol pseudo-classical
ffug-Gymreig pseudo-Welsh
ffug-hynafol pseudo-antique
ffug-Othig pseudo-Gothic
ffug-uchelwrol pseudo-aristocratic
ffug-wÿddonol pseudo-scientific

:_______________________________.

ffigio ‹FIG-yo› v
1 pretend
Yr oedd y dynion yn ffugio gweithio’n galed The men were pretending to work hard

ETYMOLOGY: (ffug = false) + (-io verb suffix)

:_______________________________.

ffuglen ‹fig -len› feminine noun
1 fiction
ffuglen wÿddonol science fiction

ETYMOLOGY: (ffug = false) + soft mutation + ( llên = literature)

:_______________________________.

ffugwisg ‹fig -wisk› feminine noun
PLURAL ffugwisgoedd ‹fig- wi -skodh›

1 disguise
mewn ffugwisg in disguise

ETYMOLOGY: (ffug = false) + soft mutation + ( gwisg = dress, wear)

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ffunan bocad (Môn) = ffunen boced ‹FI nen BO cad›
1 handkerchief

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ffureta ‹fi RE ta›
1 hunt with ferrets

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ffurf, ffurfiau ‹FIRV, FIRV ye›
1 form

:_______________________________.

ffurfafen ‹fir VA ven›
1 firmament

2 yn entrÿch y ffurfafen high in the firmament

:_______________________________.

ffurfdro
1 Abbreviation: ffdro.

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ffurfiad ‹firv -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL ffurfiadau ‹firv- yâ -de›
1 formation, shaping; = result of giving a particular form to something
Abbreviation: ffd.

ETYMOLOGY: (ffurf- stem of ffurfio = to form) + (-i-ad abstract noun-forming suffix)

:_______________________________.

ffurfio ‹FIRV-yo›
1 to form
2 anffurfio disfigure, deform, distort, twist out of shape
(an- = negative prefix) + (ffurfio = to form)
:_______________________________.

ffurflywodraeth ‹firv-lø-WO-draith, -eth› (f)
PLURAL ffurflywodraethau ‹firv-lø-wo-DREI-thai, -e›
1 (literary word) constitution

ETYMOLOGY: (ffurf = form) + soft mutation + (llywodraeth = government)
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ffust, ffustiau ‹FIST, FIST ye›
1 flail

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ffŵl ‹fuul› masculine noun
PLURAL ffyliaid ‹fəl-yed›
1 fool = stupid person, person lacking common sense; person who acts foolishly, who resembles a fool

Dwi'n meddwl mai ffyliaid ydi'r bobol sÿ'n gwneud hynnÿ
I think that the people who do that are fools .

Beth ÿw casino yn y bôn? Lle gall unrhÿw ffŵl ennill arian ffyliaid eraill - a'u colli, os mÿn
What is a casino when it comes down to it? A place where any fool can win the money of other fools – and lose it, if he wants

2 yr hen ffŵl o fenÿw 'na that stupid old woman (“the old fool of woman there”)
yr hen ffŵl ganddo! the fool! (man) (“the old fool with him”)
yr hen ffŵl iddo! the fool! (man) (“the old fool to him”)

3 dupe, someone made to appear stupid
gwneud ffŵl o make a fool of
gwneud ffŵl ohonoch eich hun make a fool of oneself

4 paradwÿs ffŵl fool’s paradise = an imagined place of happiness and comfort which does not and will not ever exist

5 bod yn ormod o ffŵl (i wneud peth) not have enough sense (to do something) (“be too much of a fool to do something”)

6 ffair ffyliaid madhouse, place full of mad people (“fair (of) fools”)
Mae’r tÿ ’ma'n debycach i ffair ffyliaid bob dÿdd
This house gets more like a madhouse every day

7 fool = jester, person paid to amuse by acting the fool
chwarae’r ffŵl or chwarae’r bili-ffŵl act the fool, deliberately behave in a foolish manner

8 y ffŵl peth the blasted thing
Ble rw i wedi gadel y ffŵl peth? where did I leave the blasted thing?

9 magl ffŵl booby trap (“trap (of) fool”, fool’s trap) = (1) explosive trap (2) trap which is a practical joke

gosod magl ffŵl set a booby trap, to booby-trap

Roedd maglau ffŵl ym mhencadlÿs y gelÿn There were booby traps in the headquarters of the enemy

ETYMOLOGY: English fool < French < Late Latin follis (= empty-headed person) < follis (= bellows).

The word follis is related to Latin flâre (flo, flare, flavi, flatum) (= to blow)

(as in English inflate, ultimately of Latin origin)

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ffŵl Ebrill, ffyliaid Ebrill ‹fuul E brilh, fəl yed E brilh›
1 April fool

:_______________________________.

ffwlbart, ffwlbartiaid ‹FUL bart, ful BART yed›
1 polecat

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ffwr / ffyr, ffyrau ‹FUR / fƏR, FƏ re›
1 fur

:_______________________________.

ffwrch ‹ furkh › masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL ffyrchau ‹ fər -khe›
1 fork of the legs

2 (South Wales) an act of copulation, a fuck
rhoi ffwrch i to have sexual intercourse with, to have sex with, to fuck

3 vagina, cunt
ffwrch menyw a woman’s vagina

John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernÿw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911) includes this verse attributed to Siâms Twrbil / James Turbervill, who was born 1751 in Tre-lai, Caer-dÿdd:

O Mali fwyn eleni
Y forwyn fwya yn Gymru,
A thwll ei ffwrch i guwch â'r to -
Pwy fyniff dro gan Mali?

JHM provides a Latin translation in order not to offend Victorian / Edwardian sensibilities:

O Maria suavis, hoc auno puella maxima in Cambria, et cavum furcae ejas(?) aequum tecto - Quis desiderat se jungere cum Maria ?

English translationof the Welsh verse: (“O tender Mary this year / the biggest maid in Wales / the hole of her cunt as high as the roof / Who wants a go with Mary?”)

4 tŷ ar ffÿrch ruined house (in a vocabulary by Cadrawd, Llangynwyd), ?house with a collapsed roof

ETYMOLOGY: ffwrch, a variant or parallel form of fforch (= fork)

Cf
..1/ i ffwrdd (= away, North Wales “to road”) and ffordd (= road)

..2/ bwrdd (= table, North Wales) and bord (= table, South Wales)

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ffwrcho ‹ fwr -kho› verb
(South Wales)
1 give the jump to, fuck
2 stand with one’s legs apart before a fire to warm oneself

ETYMOLOGY: (ffwrch = copulation) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)

(in South Wales, the w of a monosyllable does not become y in the penult as in northern and standard Welsh > *ffyrchio)

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ffwrdd ‹FURDH›
1 i ffwrdd = away

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ffwrn ‹furn› feminine noun
PLURAL ffyrnau ‹fər -ne›

1 (cooking food) oven; (pottery) kiln
ffwrn nwÿ (American: gas stove) (Englandic: gas cooker)
ffwrn drydan (American: electric stove) (Englandic: electric cooker)

2 South Wales cauldron
Yr oedd amrÿw fathau o grochanau - y crochan mawr, callor, pair - y crochan gwaelod-wastad hefÿd a elwid ffwrn, yn yr hon y pobid y dorth wen, ac y crasid asen frân ar ôl lladd mochÿn. Dodid y ffwrn ar drybedd, cant haiarn gyda thair troed iddi, yng nghanol y tân, gan ei chladdu mewn marwor; a gwnelai ei gwaith yn rhagorol
There were many types of pots - the big pot, the cauldron, the cooking pot; the flat-bottomed cauldron was also called a "ffwrn", in which the white loaf was baked, and spare ribs after the slaughter of the pig. The "ffwrn" was placed on a trivet (iron stand of three feet for placing a cooking pot), an iron ring with three feet, in the middle of the fire, burying it in embers; and it did its work excellently

3 ffwrn galch limekiln, oven.
Coed y Ffyrnau (‘(the) wood (of) the kilns’) by Pontneddfechan (county of Powÿs)

4 (said of a dark place) mor dywÿll â'r ffwrn pitch-black ("as dark as the oven")

5 heb fod ym mhen draw'r ffwrn (person) half-baked, not all there ("Not having been at the far end of the oven")

6 ffwrn ficro-don microwave oven

7 parod i'r ffwrn oven-ready

8 llestri ffwrn ovenware (utensils and heat-resistant dishes for the oven)

9 (said of a disagreeably high temperature)
Mae hi fel ffwrn yma It's like an oven in here ! ("it's like an oven here")

10 furnace of hell
ffwrn o dân poeth a burning fiery furnace

Daniel 3:6 A'r hwn ni syrthio ac ni addolo, yr awr honno a fwrir i ganol ffwrn o dân poeth.
Daniel 3:6 And whoso falleth not down and worshippeth shall the same hour be cast into the midst of a burning fiery furnace.

y ffwrn danllÿd boeth the burning fiery furnace

Daniel 3:17
Wele, y mae ein Duw ni, yr hwn yr ydÿm ni yn ei addoli yn abl i'n gwared ni allan o'r ffwrn danllÿd boeth, ac efe a'n gwared ni o'th law di, O frenin. (3:18) Ac onid e, bydded hysbÿs i ti, frenin, na addolwn dy dduwiau...
Daniel 3:17
If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of thine hand, O king. (3:18) But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve they gods...

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ffwrn < British < Latin furnus (= oven)
From the same British root: Cornish forn (= oven), Breton forn (= oven)

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ffwrna ‹ fur -na›
(South-west Wales)

1 (verb without an object) bake in an oven
diwrnod ffwrna baking day

2 (verb with an object) bake (something) in an oven
ffwrna bara bake bread

ETYMOLOGY: an alternative form of ffyrna

(ffyrn-, penult form of ffwrn = oven) + (-a suffix for forming verbs).

In South Wales, the usual reduction of w ‹u› in a monosyllable to y (obscure vowel) in a tonic vowel generally doesn’t take place)

NOTE: See ffyrno

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ffwrnais, ffwrneisiau ‹FUR nes, fur NEIS ye›
1 furnace

London, 1825. Observations on some of the dialects in the West of England particularly with a glossary of words now in use there ; and poems and other pieces, exemplifying the dialect. By James Jennings, Honorary Secretary of the Metropolitan Library Institution, London.

Fur'nis. s[ubstantive]. A large vessel or boiler, used for brewing, and other purposes. It is always fixed with bricks and mortar, and surrounded with flues, for the circulation of the heat and exit of the smoke.

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ffwrndy ‹FURN-di› masculine noun
PLURAL ffyrndai ‹FƏRN-dai›
1 bakehouse

See ffyrndÿ

NOTE: ffwrndÿ - the w in the penult in South Wales is frequently not reduced to y, the obscure vowel

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ffwrno ‹ fur -no›
(South Wales)

1 (verb without an object) bake in an oven
diwrnod ffwrno baking day

2 (verb with an object) bake (something) in an oven
ffwrno bara bake bread

ETYMOLOGY: an alternative form of ffyrno (ffyrn-, penult form of ffwrn = oven) + (-o suffix for forming verbs). In South Wales, the usual reduction of w ‹u› in a monosyllable to y (obscure vowel) in a tonic vowel generally doesn’t take place)

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ffÿdd ‹FIIDH›
1 faith

:_______________________________.

ffyddlon ‹FƏDH lon›
1 faithful

:_______________________________.

ffyddlondeb ‹fədh LON deb›
1 faithfulness

2 regular attendance (at school, etc)

Sticker in a book advertised for sale on ebay, 2005-12-29 (Cyfres Ffynnon Loew / Hau a Medi sef nifer o hanesion dyddorol ac addysgiadol i blant ac eraill. Gan Edward Thomas, Llanrhaiadr. Hughes a'i Fab, Cyhoeddwyr, Gwrecsam, 1908):

"Ysgol Sabothol, Milner Road. - Cyflwynedig i Gwladys Owen am ffyddlondeb a dysgu allan. 1913. H. Trevor Williams. Ysg."

= Sunday School, Milner Road: ‹this book was› Presented to Gwladys Owen for regular attendance and for learning ‹Bible verses› by heart. 1913. H. Trevor Williams. Secretary."

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ffÿn ‹FIN›
1 sticks; plural of ffon

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ffynhonnau ‹fə NHO ne›
1 wells; plural of ffynnon

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ffynnon ‹fə -non› feminine noun
PLURAL ffynhonnau ‹fə-nho-ne›
1 well = shaft or borehole from which water is obtained; draw well
dŵr ffynnon well water, water obtained from a well

2 (in place names, many examples of wells which have the name of the parish saint)
Yr oedd rhai yn credu bod slywen gysegredig yn bÿw yn nŵr Ffynnon Gybi, Llangybi, Arfon
Some people believed that a sacred eel lived in the water of Ffynnon Gybi (Cybi’s well), (in the village of) Llangybi, (in the district of) Arfon

3 well, well-head = structure built over a well

4 ffynnon ddurol spa = medicinal mineral spring
(durol (chalybeate {kəlíbiit} = containing iron salts)
ffynhonnau Llandrindod the wells (of the town of) Llandrindod
yfed o’r ffynhonnau take the waters (= visit a spa to drink the water)

5 ffynnon boeth warm spring, hot spring

6 tref ffynhonnau spa = spa town (“town (of) wells”)

7 llygad ffynnon well-head = source of a well (“eye (of) well”) (llygad y ffynnon = the well-head)
yn llygad y ffynnon at source

8 source of knowledge, in conjuction with the verb drachtio = drink, imbibe
Ffynnon arall y drachtiodd yn helaeth ohoni oedd Diwylliant Gwerin Cymru
Another well from which he imbibed was the culture of the ordinary people of Wales

9 source of a stream
Ffynnon Llugwÿ (‘source (of) (the stream called) Llugwÿ’). This is on the south side of Carnedd Llywelÿn mountain.

The stream flows into a reservoir of the same name (Cronfa Ffynnon Llugwÿ) and past the village of Capelcurig into the river Conwÿ

10 well = hole drilled for extracting gas, petroleum, etc
ffynnon olew oil well

11 (valley of the river Aeron) segment of an orange

12 Treffynnon a town in the county of Y Fflint
In standard Welsh the components of the name are “tref y ffynnon”, but it is more likely to be from the colloquial form “tre’r ffynnon” (“(the) town (of) the well”). In eother case the linking definite article is lost, a very frequent feature of Welsh place names.

English name: Holywell [hó-li-wel]
(tref / tre = trêv, town) + (yr definite article) + (ffynnon = well)

It refers to Ffynnon Wenffrewi in the town
(“(the) well (of) Gwenfrewi / Gwenffrewi”).
English name: “Saint Winifred’s Well”.

ffynnon hardd Wenffrewi the beautiful well of Gwenffrewi

ETYMOLOGY: ffynnon < ffynnawn < British < Latin fontâna
From the same British root: Breton feunteun (= well), Cornish fenten (= well),
From the same Latin root via French: English fountain

NOTE: county of Penfro: the word ffynnon occurs as ffinnon ‹fi-non› (in this area, the change of ‹ə› in the tonic syllable > ‹i› is typical)

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Ffynnon Bedr ‹fə-non be-der› feminine noun

1 SN5747 well in Llanbedr Pont Steffan (county of Ceredigion):
English name: Peterwell

2 ST0876 well in Llanbedr y Fro (county of Bro Morgannwg)

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) well (of) Peter”, Peter’s well)

(ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (Pedr = Peter)

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ffynnon ddŵr ‹fə-non dhuur› feminine noun
PLURAL ffynhonnau dŵr ‹fə-nho-ne duur›
1 well ("well (of) water")
Roedd ’na ffynnon ddŵr yng nghanol clos y fferm
There was a well in the middle of the farmyard

ETYMOLOGY: (ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (dwr = water)
:_______________________________.

Ffynnon Drewi ‹fə -non dreu wi›
1 name of a chalybeate spring in Lledrod, Ceredigion

ETYMOLOGY: “stinking well”
(ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (drewi = stinking; to stink) > *ffynnon ddrewi > ffynnon drewi (simplification of the cluster with a mutated consonant by deleting the soft mutation n-dd > n-d)
:_______________________________.

Ffynnon-dwÿm ‹fə -non duim›
1 farm north of Ynys-y-bŵl (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

ETYMOLOGY: (ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (twym = warm)

:_______________________________.

Ffynnon Fair ‹fə -non vair›
1 name of a well by Pen-rhÿs (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) well (of) (the) (Virgin) Mary”; “Mary’s well”)
(ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (Mair = Mary, the Virgin Mary)

:_______________________________.

Ffynnon Fedw ‹FƏ-non VEE-du›
1 name of a well in Llanedern (1744)

John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernÿw), ‘Cardiff Records’, (compiled 1889-1911):

1744. Inquest taken 30 August 18 G. 2., at the house of Rees Howell at Roath in the Hundred of Kibbor and County of Glamorgan, before Evan Prichard, esq., Coroner, upon view of the body of Edward Richard, labourer, found that the deceased, as he was going from the dwelling-house of Thomas Brewer in the parish of Lanishen to to his own dwelling-house in the parish of Lanedern, fell into a well called ffunnon Vedw in the said parish of Lanedern and was drowned

https://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=48123

ETYMOLOGY: ffynnon y fedw “(the) well (of) (the) birch grove”
(ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (bedw = birches; birch grove)

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ffynnon goch ‹fə-non gookh › feminine noun
PLURAL: ffynhonnau coch / cochion ‹fə-nho-ne kookh / kokh-yon›
1 chalybeate spring

(The expression was in use in Ceredigon in 1916, according to Welsh Leader 16-11-1906, p.142)

ETYMOLOGY: (ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (coch = red)

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ffynnon ofuned ‹fə -non o-vî-ned› feminine noun
PLURAL ffynhonnau gofuned ‹fə-nho-ne go-vî-ned›
1 wishing well

ETYMOLOGY: (ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (gofuned = vow, oath; request)

:_______________________________.

Ffynnon-taf ‹fə non TAAV›
1 village in the South-east (well of the river Taf)

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Ffynnon-wen ‹fə-non wen› feminine noun
1 street name in Tyddewi (county in Sir Benfro)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘whitewashed well’ (ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwÿn = white)

NOTE: Cf ffynhonwen, in the place name Llanffynhonwen (qv)

:_______________________________.

Ffynnon y Gog ‹fə-non ə goog› feminine noun
1 name of various wells (see next entry for this name as a habitative name)

ETYMOLOGY: (‘(the) well (of) the cuckoo’) (ffynnon = well) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (cog = cuckoo).

However in most cases, if not all, of this name this is the apparent derivation, but it is not the true derivation.

The original form is
(1) Ffynnon Goeg ‘dry well’ (ffynnon) + soft mutation + (coeg = blind, empty)

(2) In South Wales, the diphthong ‹oe› in monosyllables is simplified and becomes the long vowel ‹oo›. Hence coeg > coog

Other examples are
coed (= wood) > cood,
noeth (= naked, bare) > nooth.

(3) In many place names of the type NOUN + definite article + QUALIFYING NOUN, the definite article is dropped.

Examples are:
Glan-llÿn < Glan-y-llÿn (the side of the lake),
Tÿnllechwedd < Tÿnyllechwedd (the smallholding of the slope).

(4) Thus Ffynnon Goog was thought to be from an original Ffynnon y Gog

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Ffynnon-y-gog ‹fə-non ə goog› feminine noun
1 farm north of Cefnpennar (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

2 place in Llanfihangel Rhos-y-corn, Caerfyrddin county
“David Davies. Ganwÿd ef yn Ffynonygog, yn mhlwÿf Llanfihangel, Rhosycorn, sir Gaerfyrddin, Medi 14eg, 1791. Yr oedd ei rieni yn aelodau ffyddlon o’r eglwÿs Annibynol yn y Gwernogle” (Rees, T & Thomas, J, 1873, Hanes Eglwysi Annibynol Cymru (pum cyfrol) / “History of the Independent Churches of Wales” in five volumes)
David Davies. He was born in Ffynnon-y-gog, in the parish of Llanfihangel Rhos-y-corn, in the county of Caerfyrddin, September 14, 1791. His parents were faithful members of the Independent church in Y Gwernogle.

ETYMOLOGY: Habitative names are written as a single word. If the final element is an accented monosyllabic word, all the elements in the name are separated with hyphens. See the previous entry Ffynnon y Gog

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ffynnu ‹FƏ ni›
1 prosper

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ffyr ‹fƏR›
1 fur - see ffwr

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ffyrau ‹FƏ re›
1 furs; plural of ffwr

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ffyriwr ‹fər -yur› masculine noun
PLURAL ffyrwÿr ‹fər-wir›
1 furrier, fur dealer

ETYMOLOGY: (ffyr = fur) + (-i-wr agent suffix)

:_______________________________.

ffyrling, ffyrlingau ‹FƏR ling, fər LI nge›
1 farthing

:_______________________________.

ffyrna ‹ fər -na› verb
(mid-Wales)
1 (verb without an object) bake in an oven
diwrnod ffyrna baking day
2 (verb with an object) bake (something) in an oven
ffyrna bara bake bread

ETYMOLOGY: (ffyrn-, penult form of ffwrn = oven) + (-a suffix for forming verbs).

NOTE: See ffyrno

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ffyrnau ‹FƏR ne›
1 ovens, kilns; plural of ffwrn

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ffyrndy ‹FƏRN-di› masculine noun
PLURAL ffyrndai ‹FƏRN-dai›
1 bakehouse

Calendar of Deeds and Documents Volume 1, The Coleman Deeds, Francis Green, 1921, p. 217:

(22-07-1643) Llansamlett, co. Glamorgan… a bakehouse, little garden and barn and eight parcels of land called Kaer ffwrndy, Kae cenoll, Kae newydh, Gwayn ynis y pandy, Ynys y pandy vach, Ynys y pandy vawr, Y koedgae and Y kae dy

ETYMOLOGY: “oven house” (ffyrn-, penult form of ffwrn = oven) + soft mutation + (ty^ = house).

NOTE: South Wales – ffwrndÿ (the w in the penult in South Wales is frequently not reduced to y, the obscure vowel)

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ffyrnig ‹FƏR nig›
1 fierce
Ni fu erioed elÿn ffyrnicach i ormes There was never a fiercer enemy of oppression

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ffyrno ‹ fər -no›
(South Wales)
1 (verb without an object) bake in an oven
diwrnod ffyrno / diwrnod ffwrno baking day
2 (verb with an object) bake (something) in an oven
ffyrno bara / ffwrno bara bake bread

ETYMOLOGY: (ffyrn-, penult form of ffwrn = oven) + (-o suffix for forming verbs).

NOTE: Also
..a/ ffwrno in South Wales. The usual reduction of w ‹u› in a monosyllable to y (obscure vowel) in a tonic vowel generally doesn’t take place.
..b/ In south-west Wales ffwrna
..c/ In mid-Wales, ffyrna

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fi ‹VII›
1 I, me

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Y Fiaren ‹ø vi AA ren› (feminine noun)
1 (“the bramble bush”) name of a house in Rhaeadr-gwÿ (Powÿs)

(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (miaren = bramble bush)

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fiawn ‹vyaun›
1 (North) i fiawn = standard i mewn into
(rhuthrodd) Sarah'r forwyn i fiawn ati i ddeyd mod i wedi cael fy lladd ar y stryd o flaen y ty^,
Sarah the maid rushed in to her to say I’d been killed on the street in front of the house
t.10 Dafydd Dafis, sef Hunangofiant Ymgeisydd Seneddol. Beriah Gwynfe Evans, 1898

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ficer, ficeriaid ‹VI ker. Vi KER yed›
1 vicar

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ficerdÿ, ficerdai ‹vi KER di, vi KER dai›
1 vicarage

:_______________________________.

fideo, fideos ‹VID yo, VID yos›
1 video

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Y Fidgelÿn ‹viid gê-lin› feminine noun
1 farm on the road between Cilfynÿdd and Llanfabon (county of Caerffili)

ETYMOLOGY: y fid gelÿn = the hedge (of) holly, holly hedge;
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (bid = hedge) + soft mutation + (celÿn = (adjective) holly)

:_______________________________.

Y Figin ‹ə vi-gin› feminine noun
1 (‘the marsh, the bog’) local name for Cors Fochno (‘the bog of Mochno’) in the north of the county of Ceredigion

ETYMOLOGY: (y definite article) + soft mutation + (migin, colloquial form of mign = bog)
For more examples, see Y Fign below

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Y Fign ‹ə vi -gin›

A less formal spelling, which represents this modern disyllabic pronunciation, is Y Figin

(1) Y Figin. Place in Llannerchbrochwel, Cegidfa (county of Powÿs). English name: The Viggin. “Llanerchbrochwel [NOTE: modern spelling has –nn-] comprises the high ground to the west of Moel-y-Garth hill, rising at Viggin sheep-walk to a height of nearly 1,000 ft...” A History of the Parish of Guilsfield (Cegidfa), T. Simpson Jones and Robert Owen, ?1900.

(2) Y Figin ‹ə VII-gin› (‘the marsh, the bog’) local name for Cors Fochno (‘the bog of Mochno’) in the north of the county of Ceredigion

2 Llÿn y Fign “lake of the boggy ground”
(1) SH8319 lake 7km south-west of the peak Aran Fawddwy, 9km north-east-east of the town of Dolgellau
(2) SN8170 small lake 7km east of the village of Goginan (county of Ceredigion). Part is in Ceredigion, and the rest is in the county of Powÿs

ETYMOLOGY: “the bog” (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (mign = bog)

mign < British *mûkin-â- < Common Celtic < Indoeuropean meuk- (= slime) < *meu (= wet)

Cf Latin mûcus (= mucus)

NOTE: mign is one of a group of words in Welsh with a final consonant cluster, originally monosyllabic but nowadays disyllabic with the vowel ‘echoed’ – migin.

This ‘echoing’ does not occurs in all circumstances with all words of this type, but it occurs colloquially in some parts of the country.

E.g. cefn (= back) > cefen (in South Wales), though cefn is retained in the north

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Figyn ‹viI -gin›
1 On some English-language maps, a mispelling for Figin (qv)

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filiast ‹vil-yast› feminine noun
1 soft-mutated form of miliast (qv) = greyhound bitch

(1) Carnedd y Filiast (qv) (‘the carn of the greyhound bitch’) name of two mountains, one by Cerrigydrudion (county of Conwÿ) and another by Llandygái (county of Gwÿnedd)

(2) Gwâl y Filiast (qv) (‘the kennel of the greyhound bitch’) place 5km al north-east of Llanboidy (county of Caerfyrddin)

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filwÿr ‹vil-wir› masculine noun
1 form with soft mutation of milwÿr (= soldiers), for example:

..1/ after a preposition
deng mil o filwÿr a hundred thousand soldiers

..2/ vocative
Rhagom Filwÿr Iesu Onward Christian Soldiers (“before us, soldiers (of) Christ”)

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finegr ‹VI neg›
Colloquially fineg ‹VI neg›
1 vinegar.
- finegr brag ‹vi neg BRAAG› malt vinegar
- pot finegr ‹pot VI negr› vinegar pot

:_______________________________.

finegret ‹vi ne GRET›
1 vinaigrette

:_______________________________.

finnau (finne) ‹VI ne›
1 me too

:_______________________________.

fiola, fiolâu ‹vi O la, vi o LAI›
1 viola

:_______________________________.

fioled cobalt ‹vi O led KO balt›
1 cobalt blue

:_______________________________.

firws, firysau ‹VI rus, vi RƏ se›
1 irus

:_______________________________.

Y Flwÿddÿn Newÿdd ‹ə VLUI dhin NEU idh›
1 (American: New Years) (Englandic: New Year's Day)

:_______________________________.

fm
1 (Notation after a headword in this dictionary) feminine or masculine - some nouns are generally feminine, but in some places or for some speakers they are masculine

ergyd (fm) blow with the fist; shot

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fo ‹VOO› (pronoun)
1 he (North)

iddo fo to him

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fodd bynnag ‹voodh BƏ nag› (adv)
1 however

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foel ‹vôil› feminine noun
1 soft-mutated form of moel (= bare hill)
y foel = the (bare) hill

2 In some place names, it is used as if it were the radical form.

‘Moel’ (no soft mutation) would be expected in such structures:

Foel Cnwch (= “Moel Cnwch”)
Foel Gurig (= “Moel Gurig”)
Foel Erÿr (= “Moel Eryr”)

Foel Figenau (= “Moel Figenau”) (south-east of Llanuwchllÿn)
Foel Offrwm (= “Moel Offrwm”)
Foel Rhiwlas (= “Moel Rhiwlas”)
Foel y Geifr (= “Moel y Geifr”) (south-east of Llanuwchllÿn)
Foel y Gwÿnt (= “Moel y Gwÿnt”)
Foel yr Hÿdd (= “Moel yr Hÿdd”) hill north-east of Abercywarch SH8717

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1175958

Cf fan = (the) peak, used in some place names where the radical form ban would be expected. See the section SOFT MUTATION between the headwords soflÿn and soia

:_______________________________.

Y Foel ‹ə vôil› feminine noun
1 SH9911 village in northern Powÿs, 2km north-west of Llangadfan, on the road from Llanfair Caerienion to Mallwÿd
Eisteddfod y Foel, Dÿdd Sadwrn, Tachwedd 25, 2000 Eisteddfod (of the village of) Y Foel, Saturday November 25 2000

ETYMOLOGY: (y = the) + soft mutation + (moel = hill)

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Y Foel Boeth ‹voil BOITH› feminine noun
1 SH7834 mountain in Gwÿnedd (or the former county of Meirionnÿdd) (between Trawsfynÿdd and Llanuwchllÿn)

2 SH8642 mountain in Gwÿnedd (or the former county of Meirionnÿdd) (north of Llÿn Celÿn)

ETYMOLOGY: "the burnt hill"
(y definite article) + soft mutation + (moel = hill) + soft mutation + (poeth = burnt)

(in hill names, poeth usually in the sense of ‘having a thin soil so that the grass is easily scorched by the sun’)

:_______________________________.

Y Foel Frech ‹ə voil vreekh ›

1 (SH8476) mountain in the county of Conwÿ
Llÿn y Foel Frech “(the) lake (by) Y Foel Frech”

ETYMOLOGY: “the speckled hill”
(y = the) + soft mutation + (moel = hill) + soft mutation + (brech, feminine form of brÿch = speckled)

:_______________________________.

Y Foel Wen ‹ə voil wen› (f)

1 peak in the Berwÿn mountain range 691 metres, 2265 feet

2 The female forename Moelwen (qv) <MOIL wen> is possibly taken from this mountain name (unless, as is more likely, it is an adaptation of the male forename Moelwÿn)

ETYMOLOGY: Y Foel Wen “the white (bare) hilltop”

(y definite article the) + soft mutation + (moel = bare hill) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwÿn = white)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/648587

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Foel Fynyddau ‹voil və nə dhai, dhe› feminine noun
1 mountain in south-east Wales

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1006130 Foel Fynyddau

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: Foel Fynyddau "(the) hill (of the) upland commons "

(foel = hill, soft-mutated form of moel; anomolous use of the mutated form as a radical form) + soft mutation + (mynyddau = mountains; common lands)

mynÿdd besides meaning “mountain”, is “common land, unenclosed upland”; mynddau would be “upland grazings”, “upland commons”.

Mynyddau is the southern and historical plural form of mynÿdd, in standard Welsh the plural is now mynyddoedd

(This derivation made without studying earlier forms of the name, so it is possibly erroneous)

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Foel Gurig ‹voil GII-rig› feminine noun
1 SN9178 hill in Powÿs

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=250603 map

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill (overlooking) (Llan)gurig”

(foel = hill, soft-mutated form of moel; anomolous use of the mutated form as a radical form) + soft mutation + (Curig = name of the saint of the Celtic church to whom the parish church of Llangurig is dedicated)

:_______________________________.

Foel Offrwm ‹vôil o-frum› feminine noun
1 SH7420 mountain in the district of Meirionnÿdd (county of Gwÿnedd)

ETYMOLOGY: "hill (of the) offering"
foel offrwm < foel yr offrwm < moel yr offrwm (moel = bare hill) + (yr definite article) + (offrwm = offering)

NOTE: The radical form moel would be expected in such a name; there is no reason for soft mutation in such a construction. However, certain words of feminine gender (especially monosyllabic words), because of their frequent use in the soft-mutated form, since the definite article before a feminine noun causes this mutation, tend to be regarded as an alternative radical form.

See “oft mutation” 1070e or via Google #kimkat1070e
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Foel y Gwÿnt ‹vôil ə gwint› feminine noun
1 SJ1040 mountain south-east of Corwen (county of Dinbÿch)

ETYMOLOGY: "(the) hill (of) the wind" (foel = hill, soft-mutated form of moel; anomolous use of the mutated form as a radical form) + (y = definite article) + (gwÿnt = wind)

:_______________________________.

fore Sul ‹vô-re siil › adverbial
1 Sunday morning

fore Suliau on Sunday mornings, every Sunday in the morning

Cerddai ddeg ac ugain milldir foreu Suliau i bregethu
He would walk ten or twenty miles on Sunday mornings / every Sunday morning to preach

ETYMOLOGY: bore Sul = Sunday morning; there is soft mutation of the initial of the first word of the phrase to form an adverbial phrase

:_______________________________.

fore trannoeth ‹vô-re tra-noth› adverb
1 the following morning

...a chysgwÿd yn hwÿr fore trannoeth ...and people slept late the following morning

ETYMOLOGY: (bore = morning) + (trannoeth = the following day); with soft mutation of the initial consonant of an adverbial phrase, here b > f

:_______________________________.

-for ‹MOR›
1 in compound words, an unstressed final-syllable form of fawr, soft mutated from of mawr (= great, large, big)

Occurs after feminine nouns

Dolfor ‹DOL-vor› dôl fawr great meadow

Trefor ‹TREE-vor› tref fawr great trêv / farm

See: -mor
:_______________________________.

Forgan ‹vor -gan› masculine noun

1 soft-mutated form (m > f) of the man’s name Morgan used as a genitive form (gemerally after feminine nouns) in certain place names

(1) Rhiw Forgan (“(the) rise (of) Morgan”) name of a track north of the village of Sant-y-brid (county of Bro Morgannwg)

(2) Tarren Forgan (“(the) slope (of) Morgan”) place east of Pont-rhÿd-y-fen (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)

(3) Gwlad Forgan (“(the) country (of) Morgan”) alternative name for Morgannwg, region and former kingdom in the south-east. The English name “Glamorgan” has its origin in this name.

(Why ‘Morgan’ (Glamorgan) instead of ‘Vorgan’ (*Gla’vorgan / *Gladvorgan) in English?

Welsh ‹m› is a bilabial consonant. It seems that Welsh ‹v› was formerly also bilabial, and to English ears it resembled ‹m› more than ‹v›.

Modern Welsh ‹v› is a labiodental consonant.)

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forwÿn ‹vor -win›
1 Soft mutated form (m > f) of morwÿn (= virgin; maid)
y Forwÿn = the Virgin Mary, the Madonna
y Forwÿn Fair = the Virgin Mary, the Madonna

:_______________________________.

'forÿ ‹VO ri›
1 tomorrow – a clipped form of yforÿ

:_______________________________.

Y Forÿd ‹vô -rid›
‘the estuary / the inlet’

1 in the county of Gwÿnedd (North-west Wales):

..1/ Y Forÿd (SH4459) bay in the district of Arfon (county of Gwÿnedd, North Wales). It is an area of marsh and mudflats which leads into Afon Menai opposite the south-west tip of the island of Môn

Also the name of a farm here, near Llanwnda

..2/ (SH4459) Afon Forÿd stream which rises by Dinas Dinlle and flows north into Y Forÿd

2 in the county of Conwÿ (North-west Wales):
..1/ Y Forÿd (SH9980) place between Abergele (county of Conwÿ) and Y Rhÿl (county of Dinbÿch) where the river Clwÿd flows into the sea

..2/ Tremyforÿd = (trem = view) + (Y Forÿd) “view (of) Y Forÿd”.
Less correctly with the elements separated Trem y Forÿd),

Street name (as “Trem y Forÿd”) in Baecinmel (county of Dinbÿch)

ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (morÿd = estuary, sea inlet)

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fôt ‹voot› feminine noun
PLURAL fotiau, fôts ‹vot –ye, voots›
1 (Englishism) vote. The standard form is pleidlais ‹pleid-lais›

ETYMOLOGY: English ‹voot› (= vote), in modern English ‹vout› < Latin votum (= promise) < votere (= to promise)

NOTE: diminutive form: foten ‹vo –ten›

:_______________________________.

fôt ‹voot› feminine noun
PLURAL fotiau ‹vot -ye›
1 vault; see fowt

:_______________________________.

fowt ‹vout› feminine noun
PLURAL fowtiau ‹vout -ye›

1 vault = arched ceiling made form brick or stone
The spoken form is generally fôt
fôt frics bricked vault

ETYMOLOGY: Middle English vout (= modern English vault ‹volt›) < French < Vulgar Latin *volvita (= turning) < Latin volvere (= to turn). In modern French voûte = vault.

:_______________________________.

-fr ‹- ›
1 In monosyllables with the diphtong ei an epenthetic vowel ‹i› is inserted into the cluster fr in colloquial pronunciations.
This ei is usually reduced to a single vowel i
geifr (= goats) > geifir > gifir

2 In monosyllables with the vowel ÿ an epenthetic vowel ‹i› “ÿ” is inserted into the cluster fr in colloquial pronunciations.
(South Wales) llÿfr (= books) > llÿfÿr

:_______________________________.

fraich ym mraich ‹vraikh ə MRAIKH›
1 arm in arm

:_______________________________.

fraith ‹vraith› adjective
1 Soft mutated form (b > f) of braith, feminine form of brith = speckled, of various colours

torth fraith (North Wales) currant loaf, currant bread

siaced fraith coat of many colours

Ac Israel oedd hoffach ganddo Joseff na'i holl feibion, oblegid efe oedd fab ei henaint ef; ac efe a wnaeth siaced fraith iddo ef
Genesis 37:3
Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his children, because he was the son of his old age; and he made him a coat of many colours

(in these expressions there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun)

:_______________________________.

fras ‹vraas› adjective
1 Soft mutated form (c > g) of bras (= great, large, fat)
Dafÿdd Fras (obsolete) Fat David (modern Welsh would be Dafÿdd Dew)

:_______________________________.

frech ‹vreekh › adjective
1 Soft mutated form (b > f) of brech,

..1/ feminine form of the adjective brÿch = speckled
tylluan frech (Strix aluco) tawny owl
Y Foel Frech The Speckled Hill
(in these names there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun)

..2/ (feminine noun)pox; injection
y frech wen smallpox

:_______________________________.

FRENCH WORDS FROM GAULISH

1 There are a number of words in French of Gaulish origin. Often they have counterparts in Welsh (and Breton and Cornish). Other Latinate languages tend to have words derived from Latin for these meanings.

..a/ French balai (= broom for sweeping, long-handled brush)
Welsh banhadlen (= Spartium junceum broom bush), singulative of banadl (= broom bushes) < British *banatl-

A Welsh colloquial form is banal < banaddl < banadl; colloquially too there is also a metathesised form of banal (n-l > l-n): balan
Cornish has banall (= broom bushes), and Breton banal, balan (= broom bushes);

..b/ French banne (= cart), benne (= cart)
Welsh ben (= the cart) (now an obsolete word), as in the place names
(1) Pont-rhÿd-y-fen (Glÿn-nedd ac Aberafan) (“bridge by the ford of the cart”),
(2) Pantybenni (by Llangurig, Powÿs) (“hollow of the carts”)

In Gaulish benna (= vehicle; woven basket). The Indo-European root is *bhend (= to bind)

..c/ French bouge (= protuberence)
Welsh bola (South Wales) / bol (North Wales) (= belly; an older meaning was bag, as in dyrnfol = hedging mitten, mitten for protecting the hand when cutting hedges, literally “bag for the hand or fist”).

Gaulish bolg- > Latin bulga (= bag) > Old French boulge = (bag, leather bag) (modern French bouge = protuberence).

This Old French word boulge is the source of two words in modern English
(1) bulge
(2) and from the diminutive form boulge > bougette (= pouch, leather pouch) comes English budget (= estimate of expenditure).

..d/ French claie (= fence), Welsh clwÿd (= gate)

Celtic > Vulgar Latin *clêta > French claie ( = fence), Catalan cleda ( = farmyard, cattle pen, sheepfold )

..e/ French gouge (= gouge, hollow chisel) < Late Latin gulbia (= chisel) < Celtic

The word came into English year 1440+ < French gouge

This is related to modern Welsh gÿlf (= beak) < British *gulbi-, and gÿlfin (= beak) < British *gulbin-, though both words are no longer in use as independent words.

The word gylfin though is to be seen in various bird names –

gylfinir gylfin hir (“long beak”) curlew

gylfinbraff gylfin braff (“stout beak, stout bill”) hawfinch

gylfingroes gylfin hir (“crossed beak, crossed bill”) crossbill

coegylfinir goeg ylfinir (“false curlew, pseudo-curlew”) whimbrel, lesser curlew

..f/ French boue (= mud)
Welsh baw (= dirt, muck; shit)

..g/ French màgue (= whey)
Welsh maidd (= whey, thin milk left over from cheesemaking)
In the other Celtic languages: Cornish meidh (= whey), Irish meadhg (= whey), Manx meaig (= whey)

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FRENCH PLACE NAMES IN WALES

Y Gelligandryll in Powÿs is “La Haie Taillée” in French. (English name: Hay on Wye)
Y Gelligandryll = the shattered wood
La Haie Taillée = the cut / clipped hedge

Yr Wyddgrug in the county of Fflint is “Mont Haut” (in modern French orthography) (occurs as an older form and / or an Anglo-French form Mont Alt) (= high hill) (English name: Mold).

Biwmaris is Beaumarais (“pretty marshland”)

:_______________________________.

frodÿr ‹vrô -dir›
1 soft mutation of brodÿr (= brothers)

One use of this is as a vocative

Frodÿr! Brothers

Philipiaid 4:8 Yn ddiwethaf, frodyr, pa bethau bynnag sydd wir, pa bethau bynnag sydd onest, pa bethau bynnag sydd gyfiawn, pa bethau bynnag sydd bur, pa bethau bynnag sydd hawddgar, pa bethau bynnag sydd ganmoladwy, od oes un rhinwedd, ac od oes dim clod, meddyliwch am y pethau hyn.
Philippians 4:8 Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things.

:_______________________________.

Y Fron ‹ə vron› feminine noun
“the hill”

1 Occurs in names of hills. In such names, it would usually be the short version of a longers name, which may still be in existence, or is no longer in use, or is forgotten and now unknown.

2 Occurs in house names / street names
“Fron Terrace” Street name in Pont-tÿ-pridd (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(which in Welsh would be Rhestr y Fron)

Often seen spelt in an Anglicised form - Vron

ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (bron = hill)

:_______________________________.

Fron Deg ‹vron deeg› feminine noun
1 fair hill

ETYMOLOGY: y fron deg = “the fair hill”
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (bron = hill) + soft mutation + (teg = fair)

:_______________________________.

Fron-deg ‹vron deeg› feminine noun
1 fair hill; street name in Tredegar (county of Blaenau Gwent)

ETYMOLOGY: See Fron Deg

NOTE: cf Bron-deg street name in (1) Merthÿrtudful, (2) Abertawe
In names of houses / villages / towns, and names of streets which imitate house or village names, the elements making up the name are written as one word

:_______________________________.

Fron Dinas ‹vron DII nas›
1 farm in Y Dinas, by Llanwnda, Gwÿnedd

ETYMOLOGY: Apparently “Y Fron which is in Y Dinas”
If it were “(the place) (on) (the) hill (overlooking the earthwork called) Y Dinas” we might expect Brondinas bron dinas or Bronydinas bron y dinas.

If it is the first, we should expect another place nearby called Y Fron

Fron however often occurs in place names where bron would be more appropriate, as in is one of a dozen or so feminine words which seem to have soft-mutated forms regarde as beiong the radical form (e.g. waun instead of gwaun, wern instead of gwern, etc)

:_______________________________.

Fron Felen ‹vron-vê-len› feminine noun
1 (place name) y fron felen = “the yellow hill”

Name of a former slate quarry in Corris (county of Gwÿnedd)

ETYMOLOGY: y fron felen
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (bron = hill) + soft mutation + (melen, feminine form of melÿn = yellow)

:_______________________________.

Fronfelen ‹vron-vê-len› feminine noun
1 name of various places
(1) farm in Ceredigion

(2) house name:
George Pryce Davies (Born 8 November 1853, Caer-sws), son of William Davies, a farmer; mother’s name Sarah; emigrated to Australia circa 1876. He named his house in Sydney "Fronfelen". (Source: A. McDade-Davies, Lookup.com, 01 March 2001)

NOTE: (1) In names of houses / villages / towns, and names of streets which imitate house or village names, the elements making up the name are written as one word Fron Felen > Fronfelen

(2) cf Bronfelen street name in Caer-dÿdd

ETYMOLOGY: See the preceding entry

:_______________________________.

Fron Haul ‹vron hâil› feminine noun
1 sunny hill

ETYMOLOGY: fron haul < fron yr haul (The linking definite article is often omitted in place names)

(fron = hill) + (yr = definite article) + (haul = sun)

with anomolous use of the soft-mutated form fron as the radical form instead of bron.

There are other examples of the soft-mutated form where there should be a noun with a radical initial consonant – see names with foel (moel = hill), waun (gwaun = mountain meadow)

:_______________________________.

Fron-haul ‹vron hail›
1 (house name) = sunny hill

..a/ House name in Capelbangor (Ceredigion)

..b/ SN1910 farm near Llan-teg (Sir Benfro)

..c/ house name in Glÿnyswistir / Swiss Valley, Llanelli

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/605195

ETYMOLOGY: See Fron Haul

NOTE: cf the settlement name Bron-haul
(1) Bron-haul street name in Aber-dâr (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf),
(2) Bron-haul street name in Pen-tÿrch (county of Caer-dÿdd),
(3) Bron-haul street name in Llantrisant (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
In names of houses / villages / towns, and names of streets which imitate house or village names, the elements making up the name are written as one word

:_______________________________.

Fronhendre ‹vron hen -dre›
1 house in Lôn y Cytir, Bangor (“Vron Hendre”)

ETYMOLOGY: fron hendre < fron yr hendre “(the) hill (of) the winter dwelling / the main farmstead” (The linking definite article is often omitted in place names)

(fron = hill) + (yr = definite article) + (hendre = winter dwelling / main farmstead)

with anomolous use of the soft-mutated form fron as the radical form instead of bron.

:_______________________________.

Fron Heulog ‹vron hei -log› feminine noun
1 sunny hill

ETYMOLOGY: y fron heulog (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (bron = hill) + (heulog = sunny)

:_______________________________.

Fronheulog ‹vron hei -log› feminine noun
1 sunny hill;
(1) street name in Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
(2) street name in Pant-y-graig-wen, Pont-tÿ-pridd (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

ETYMOLOGY: See Fron Heulog

NOTE: The name is found more usually as Bronheulog, that is without the initial soft mutation. Cf street name in Troed-y-rhiw (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) “Bronheulog Terrace” (which would be Rhestr Bronheulog in Welsh)

In names of houses / villages / towns, and names of streets which imitate house or village names, the elements making up the name are written as one word

:_______________________________.

Fron Wen ‹vron wen› feminine noun
1 (place name) (the) white hill

ETYMOLOGY: y fron wen (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (bron = hill) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwÿn = white)

:_______________________________.

Fron-wen ‹vron wen› feminine noun
1 white hill

(1) street name in Cwmogwr (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) - official name is in English, “Fron-Wen Terrace”, which would be Rhestr Fron-wen (if named after a house) or Rhestr Fron Wen (if named after a local hill) in Welsh

(2) street name in Merthÿrtudful - official name is in English, “Fronwen Terrace”, which would be Rhestr Fron-wen or Rhestr Fron Wen in Welsh

ETYMOLOGY: See Fron Wen

NOTE: In names of houses / villages / towns, and names of streets which imitate house or village names, the elements making up the name are written as one word

:_______________________________.

frÿ ‹vrii› adverb
1 above
i fynÿ frÿ up above, high above

Gwelid y ceir i fynÿ frÿ ar y draffordd
Cars were to be seen high above on the motorway

Tÿ-frÿ (farm name / house name) high house

oddi frÿ from above, from on high

ETYMOLOGY: frÿ, soft-mutated form to denote adverbial function of *brÿ (a form of bre = hill)

:_______________________________.

fu ‹vii › verb
1 soft-mutated form of bu has been

2 a fu which has been (colloquially the relative pronoun a is omitted)
Cael a chael fu hi iddo ddal y bws He only just caught the bus

Pwÿ fu yn dy helpu di? Who helped you? (“(it-is) who (that) has-been in your helping of-you”)
:_______________________________.

fuas i ddim ‹VI a si DHIM›
1 I haven't been (North-west)

:_______________________________.

fuas i? ‹VI a si›
1 have I been? (North-west)

:_______________________________.

fuast ti ddim ‹VI as ti DHIM›
1 you haven't been (North-west)

:_______________________________.

fuast ti? ‹VI as ti›
1 have you been? (North-west)

:_______________________________.

fues i ddim ‹VI e si DHIM›
1 I haven't been

:_______________________________.

fues i? ‹VI e si›
1 have I been?

:_______________________________.

fuest ti ddim ‹VI e sti DHIM›
1 you haven't been

:_______________________________.

fuest ti? ‹VI es ti›
1 have you been?

:_______________________________.

f'un í ‹viin ii› pronom
1 mine; the one belonging to me

f’un i a d’un dithe mine and yours; the one belonging to me and the one belonging to you

Mae ei hagwedd hi at y gwaith yn hollol wahanol i f'un í
Her attitude about the work is totally different to mine

ETYMOLOGY: f’un i < fy un i
(fy = my) + (un = one) + (i tag pronoun = (of) me)

NOTE: Colloquially also yn un í < fyn un i
(fyn, older form of fy = my) + (un = one) + (i tag pronoun = (of) me)

After a vowel it becomes 'n un í
Fe gollon nhw ’n un i they lost the one belonging to me
:_______________________________.

fuoch chi ddim ‹VI o khi DHIM›
1 you haven't been

:_______________________________.

fuoch chi? ‹VI o khi›
1 have you been?

:_______________________________.

fuodd e ddim ‹VI o dhe DHIM›
1 he hasn't been

:_______________________________.

fuodd e? ‹VI o dhe›
1 has he been?

:_______________________________.

fuodd hi ddim ‹VI o dhi DHIM›
1 she hasn't been

:_______________________________.

fuodd hi? ‹VI o dhi›
1 has she been?

:_______________________________.

fuodd o ddim ‹VI o dho DHIM›
1 he hasn't been

:_______________________________.

fuodd o? ‹VI o dho›
1 has he been?

:_______________________________.

fuon nhw ddim ‹VI o nu DHIM›
1 they haven't been

:_______________________________.

fuon nhw? ‹VI o nu›
1 have they been?

:_______________________________.

fuon ni ddim ‹VI o ni DHIM›
1 we haven't been

:_______________________________.

fuon ni? ‹VI o ni›
1 have we been?

:_______________________________.

fuwch ‹VIUKH› f
1 soft-mutated form of bwuch (= cow)

y fuwch the cow

un fuwch one cow

dwÿ fuwch two cows

:_______________________________.

fwltur, fwlturiaid ‹VUL tir, vul TIR yed›
1 vulture

:_______________________________.

fwri- ‹vû-ri› verb
1 soft-mutated form (b > f) of bwri-, stem of the verb bwrw = throw, hit.
bwriasant / fwriasant = they threw

Croniclau-2 30:14
A hwÿ a gyfodasant, ac a fwriasant ymaith yr allorau oedd yn Jerwsalem; bwriasant ymaith allorau yr arogl-darth, a thaflasant hwÿnt i afon Cidron
Chronicles-2 30:14
And they arose and took away the altars that were in Jerusalem, and all the altar for incense took they away, and cast them into the brook Kidron

:_______________________________.

fwÿ na dim ‹vui na DIM›
1 more than anything

:_______________________________.

fwÿaf ‹VUI a›
1 mostly

:_______________________________.

fwÿf ‹ vuiv › verb
1 soft mutated form og bwÿf I shall be (first person singular present subjunctive)
Pan fwÿf hen a pharchus When I am old and respectable

:_______________________________.

fy ‹VƏ›
1 my
2 (in addressing a lord)
f’Arglwÿdd My Lord, Your Lordship

:_______________________________.

fychan ‹VƏ khan› ‹voon›
1 epithet = junior. Anglicised as the surname Vaughan

:_______________________________.

fÿdd ‹viidh›
1 soft mutated form of bÿdd = will be

2 (in an affirmative sentence) fe fÿdd = will be

3 (in an interrogative sentence)
(a) a fÿdd...? (literary form) = will be...?
(b) fÿdd...? (colloquial form) = will be?

4 (in a negative sentence)
(a) ni fÿdd (literary form) = will not be
(b) fÿdd e ddim (colloquial form) = he won’t be;
fÿdd hi ddim (colloquial form) = she won’t be

5 (in an negative sentence) ni fÿdd (literary form) = will not be
(a) oni fÿdd? (literary form) = won’t (he, she) be?
(b) yn fÿdd? (colloquial form) = won’t (he, she) be?

6 (answer)
na fÿdd = it will not be

7 (after a relative pronoun)
a fÿdd = which will be
na fÿdd = which will not be, which won’t be

Used without a subject in sayings; = (the person) who; whosoever, whoever; (the thing) that , whatsoever, whatever, what

A fÿn Duw a fÿdd (motto) What God wills shall be

See mynnu (= to will, to want, to wish, to insist)

8 fÿdd which will be, of the future; equivalent to the English adjective ’future’
Cymru Fÿdd Wales of the Future, Future Wales

Wÿthnos yng Nghymru Fÿdd (“A week in the Wales of the Future”) Science-fiction novel (1957) by Islwÿn Ffowc-Elis. The protagonist Ifan Powell is projected twice to the year 2033 – in one possible future Wales is Welsh-speaking and an independent country, and in the other it is a province called Western England where the Welsh language has entirely disappeared, apart from an old woman in Y Bala who half remembers it from her youth

ddyddiau fÿdd in days to come

:_______________________________.

fÿdd hi ddim ‹VII dhi DHIM›
1 she won't be

:_______________________________.

fÿdd hi? = a fÿdd hi ‹VII dhi›
1 will she be?

:_______________________________.

fÿdd o ddim ‹VII dho DHIM›
1 he won't be (North)

:_______________________________.

fÿdd o? ‹VII dho›
1 will he be? (North)

:_______________________________.

fydda fa ddim = ni fyddai ef ‹VƏ dha va DHIM›
1 he wouldn't be (South-east)

:_______________________________.

fydda fa? = a fyddai ef? ‹VƏ dha va DHIM›
1 would he be? (South-east)

:_______________________________.

fydda hi ddim = ni fyddai hi ‹VƏ dha hi DHIM›
1 she wouldn't be (South-east)

:_______________________________.

fydda hi? f= a fyddai hi? ‹VƏ dha hi›
1 would she be? (South-east)

:_______________________________.

fyddach chi ddim = ni fyddech chi ‹VƏ dha khi DHM›
1 you wouldn't be (South-east)

:_______________________________.

fyddach chi? = a fyddech chi? ‹VƏ dha khi›
1 would you be? (South-east)

:_______________________________.

fyddan nhw ddim = ni fyddent hwÿ ‹VƏ dhan nu DHIM›
1 they wouldn't be(South-east)

:_______________________________.

fyddan nhw? = a fyddant hwÿ? ‹VƏ dha nu›
1 would they be? (South-east)

:_______________________________.

fyddan ni ddim = ni fyddem ni ‹VƏ dha ni DHIM›
1 we wouldn't be (South-east)

:_______________________________.

fyddan ni? = a fyddem ni? ‹VƏ dha ni›
1 would we be? (South-east)

:_______________________________.

fyddat ti ddim = ni fydd ‹VƏ dha ti DHIM›
1 you wouldn't be (South-east)

:_______________________________.

fyddat ti? ‹VƏ dha ti›
1 would you be? (South-east)

:_______________________________.

fydde fe ddim = ni fyddai ef ‹VƏ dhe ve DHIM›
1 would she be? (South-west)

:_______________________________.

fydde fe? = a fyddai ef? ‹VƏ dhe ve DHIM›
1 would he be? (South-west)

:_______________________________.

fydde hi ddim = ni fyddai hi ‹VƏ dhe hi DHIM›
1 she you wouldn't be (South-west)

:_______________________________.

fyddech ‹vo -dhekh›
1 (literary form) byddech
(colloquial forms:) fe fyddech (chi) (South), mi fyddech (chi) (North) you would be

2 (literary form), a fyddech?
(colloquial form) fyddech chi? would you be?
Em farieu el favor d’omplir aquest formulari? (“estarieu tan bo amb omplir...”)

3 (literary form) ni fyddech
(colloquial form) fyddech chi ddim ‹VƏ dhe khi DHM› (colloquial form) no you wouldn’t be

:_______________________________.

fyddech chi ddim = ni fyddech chi ‹VƏ dhe khi DHM›
1 you wouldn't be (South-west)

:_______________________________.

fyddech chi? = a fyddech chi? ‹VƏ dhe khi›
1 would you be? (South-west)

:_______________________________.

fydden nhw ddim = ni fyddent hwÿ ‹VƏ dhen nu DHIM›
1 they wouldn't be (South-west)

:_______________________________.

fydden nhw? = a fyddent hwÿ? ‹VƏ dhe nu›
1 would they be? (South-west)

:_______________________________.

fydden ni ddim = ni fyddem ni ‹VƏ dhe ni DHIM›
1 we wouldn't be (South-west)

:_______________________________.

fydden ni? = a fyddem ni? ‹VƏ dhe ni›
1 would we be? (South-west)

:_______________________________.

fyddet ti ddim = ni fydd ‹VƏ dhe ti DHIM›
1 you wouldn't be (South-west)

:_______________________________.

fyddet ti? ‹VƏ dhe ti›
1 would you be? (South-west)

:_______________________________.

fyddi di ddim ‹VƏ dhi di DHIM›
1 you won't be

:_______________________________.

fyddi di ddim = ni fyddwn i ‹VƏ dhei DHIM›
1 I won't be

:_______________________________.

fyddi di? ‹VƏ dhi di›
1 will you be?

:_______________________________.

fyddwch chi ddim ‹VƏ dhu khi DHIM›
1 you won't be

:_______________________________.

fyddwch chi? ‹VƏ dhu khi›
1 will you be'

:_______________________________.

fyddwn i? = a fyddwn i? ‹VƏ dhei›
1 will I be?

:_______________________________.

fyddwn ni ddim ‹VƏ dhu ni DHIM›
1 we won't be

:_______________________________.

fyddwn ni? ‹VƏ dhu ni›
1 will we be?

:_______________________________.

fy mod i ‹və mood ii›
1 that I...
Paid â sôn fy mod i... Don’t let on that I am / I was Don’t tell anyone that I am / I was
Colloqually ’mod i < ’y mod i < fy mod i

ETYMOLOGY: (fy = my) + nasal mutation + (bod = being, to be) + (i = (of) me)

:_______________________________.

fymrÿn ‹vəm -rin› adverb
1 slightly, a little way, a tiny bit
Rhaid plannu'r bylbÿn fel y bÿdd ei ben fymrÿn dan y pridd
It is necessary to plant the bulb so that the top of it is a little way under the earth
Mae e fymrÿn yn fyddar He’s a little bit deaf
Mae hwnna fymrÿn yn ormod That’s a bit too much

2 fymrÿn yn nes at a bit nearer to

3 fymrÿn bach a little bit

Dÿn diflas ofnadwÿ, ond ar ôl imi yfed dri chwrw roedd e fymrÿn bach yn fwy diddorol
He was a terribly boring man, but after I’d had three beers he was a little bit more interesting

4 not in the least, at all

Y mae yn dra sicr, gan hynny, nad oedd amcangyfrif Mr. Rees fymryn yn rhy uchel
It's absolutely certain therefore that Mr. Rees's estimate was not too high at all

ETYMOLOGY: fymrÿn < mymrÿn = a bit, a portion. Adverbs are formed from nouns by means of soft mutating the initial consonant

:_______________________________.

fÿn ‹VIN›
1 soft mutation of mÿn = he-she-it wills, wishes, insists

A fÿn Duw a fÿdd (motto) What God wills shall be

See mynnu (= to will, to want, to wish, to insist)

:_______________________________.

fynÿ = i fynÿ ‹VƏ ni›
1 up

:_______________________________.

fyrraf ‹və -ra›
1 soft mutation of byrraf = shortest
mÿnd y ffordd fyrraf go the shortest way

:_______________________________.

fÿth ‹VITH›
1 never, ever
2 gynted fyth ag y gellir as soon as possible, as soon as you possibly can

:_______________________________.

fÿth rhagor ‹vith HRAA-gor›
1 ni + fÿth rhagor never again / not .. ever again
Wela i mohoni fÿth rhagor I’ll never see her again < Ni welaf fi...

ETYMOLOGY: soft-mutated form of bÿth rhagor (bÿth = never / ever) + (rhagor = more)

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