A Welsh to
English Dictionary in page format
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_cr_1040e.htm
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Dictionaries in English
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geiriadur arlein hwn / Index to this online dictionary
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Gwefan
Cymru-Catalonia
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(delw 4666) |
∆
1580e
A | 1039e B | 1735e BR | 1018e C | 1071e CE | 1675e CI |
1040e CR |
1075e CY | 1020e D | 1674e DI | 1072e E | 1077e F |
1021e G | 1042e GW |
1038e H |
1676e HY, I, J, K, | 1865e L | 1022e M | 1677e MI | 1047e N | 1600e O | 1023e P | 1073e PL |
1026e R |
1070e S | 1024e T |
1076e TR | 1025e U,V | 1731e W, X | 1586e
Y, Z |
:_______________________________.
cr- ‹-›
1 cr- < c’r- contraction of (k + vowel + r)
...1. Carannog (saint’s name) > Crannog
(in the place name Llangrannog)
...2. Caradog (man’s name) > Cradog
(as such in the surname Cradog
(“descendant of ap Caradog”), Englished as “Craddock”)
...3. careiau > c’reiau > c’riau > crie
/ cria (= shoelaces) (colloquial forms)
...4. cerydd (older Welsh) > crydd
(modern Welsh form) (cobbler, shoemaker)
Cf Bretó kere (= cobbler, shoemaker)
...5. coranau > c’ranau > crane, crana plural form of coran. This is a colloquial form of coron (= crown)
:_______________________________.
cra ‹kraa› masculine
noun
1 (North Wales) = craf (qv) ramsons (broad-leaved wild
garlic) (Allium ursinum)
In monosyllables the final ‹v› is lost in the north – cf gof / go (=
smith), haf / ha (= summer), etc
Coed-y-cra SJ2270 (farm in Sir y Fflint) (“(the) wood (of) the
ramsons”).
Pant-y-cra street name, Tabor, Dolgellau (“Pant y Cra”) (“(the) hollow
(of) the wild garlic”)
:_______________________________.
crac, craciau
‹KRAK, KRAK ye› (masculine noun)
1 crack, split
:_______________________________.
crachach ‹KRAA khakh›
(plural noun)
1 (literally ‘little scabs’) name for
Welsh people who admire and adopt the language and customs of the English, and
look down with arrogance on their fellow Welsh people; affected anglicised or
semi-anglicised middle-class Welsh people
:_______________________________.
crachdderwen ‹krakh-dher-wen›
1 (“stunted oak”) Another name for derwen digoes (Quercus
petraea) sessile oak
ETYMOLOGY: (crach =
small, stunted) + soft mutation + ( derwen = oak)
:_______________________________.
Y Crachdir ‹ø krakh-dir›
1 name of a farm in Brymbo (Wrecsam)
:_______________________________.
crachen,
crachennau ‹KRA
khen, kra KHE ne› (feminine noun)
1 scab (on a wound)
y grachen = the scab
:_______________________________.
cr’adur (cradur)
1 = creadur
:_______________________________.
craf ‹kraav› masculine
noun
1 ramsons (broad-leaved wild garlic) (Allium ursinum). A wild
relative chives.
Alternative English names for Allium ursinum are buckrams, wild garlic,
broad-leaved garlic, wood garlic or bear's garlic
The standard Welsh name for Allium ursinum is craf y geifr
(Allium sativum) English name: garlic
Standard Welsh name: garlleg
Alternative name:
craf y gerddi (“garlic of the
gardens”)
(Allium scorodoprasum)
English name: Sand leek.
Welsh names:
craf y nadroedd (“garlic of the
snakes”)
craf y natred (south-west) (“garlic
of the snakes”)
(Allium ursinum)
English name: ramsons
Welsh name:
craf y geifr (“garlic of the goats”)
(Allium vineale) English names: wild garlic,
buckrams, wild garlic, broad-leaved garlic, wood garlic or bear's garlic
The standard Welsh
name is garlleg gwyllt (“wild
garlic”), but it is also known as:
craf gwyllt (“wild garlic”).
craf y borfa (“garlic (of) the
pasture”).
craf y meysydd (“garlic (of) the
fields”).
2 (North Wales) cra
In monosyllables the final ‹v› is lost in the north – cf gof / go (=
smith), haf / ha (= summer), etc
Coed y Cra (wood in Sir y Fflint) (“(the) wood (of) the ramsons”).
Pant-y-cra street name, Tabor, Dolgellau (“Pant y Cra”) (“(the) hollow
(of) the wild garlic”)
3 SH7662 Afon Crafnant river in the county of Conwy, flowing
north-east from the reservoir Llyn Crafnant, and joining the river Conwy north
of Tréfriw “the valley / stream of the ramsons / wild garlic”
(craf = ramsons / wild garlic) + (nant = stream)
4 crafgoed wood with (Allium ursinum) ramsons or wild garlic
(craf = ramsons / wild garlic) + soft mutation + (coed = wood)
5 craflwyn wood with (Allium ursinum) ramsons or wild garlic
(craf = ramsons / wild garlic) + soft mutation + (llwyn = wood)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Irish creamh (= wild garlic, ramsons)
From the same Indoeuropean root: Greek kremnon
:_______________________________.
crafanc,
crafangau ‹KRA
vangk, kra VA nge› (feminine noun)
1 claw
y grafanc = the claw
morthwyl crafanc
clawhammer (“hammer (of) claw”)
2 talon
3 (crab) pincer
:_______________________________.
crafangog
‹ kra- va -ngog› adj
1
clawed
ETYMOLOGY: (crafang- < crafanc
= claw) + (-og suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
crafangu ‹kra VA ngi›
(verb)
1 to claw
2 crafangu am wellt ‹kra-va-ngi
am welht ›
(“claw for straws”) clutch at straws; seek a solution to a problem
out of desperation, although the proposed solution is unlikely to be successful
(crafangu = to claw) + (am = around; for) + soft mutation + (gwellt = straw)
:_______________________________.
crafangus
‹cra-va-ngis› adjective
1 money-grubbing
2 grabbing
ETYMOLOGY: (crafang-, stem of crafangu = to claw, to grab with the
claws) + (-us adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
craffu ‹KRA fi› (verb)
1 craffu
ar (rywbeth) = observe (something) closely
:_______________________________.
crafgoed ‹krav -goid› masculine
noun
1 wood with (Allium ursinum) ramsons or wild garlic
ETYMOLOGY: (craf =
ramsons / wild garlic) + soft mutation + (coed = wood)
:_______________________________.
crafiad,
crafiadau ‹KRAV
yad, jrav YÂ de› (masculine noun)
1 scratch
cael crafiad ar eich llaw scratch
your hand (= get a scratch, be scratched on the hand)
:_______________________________.
craflwyn ‹krav -luin› masculine
noun
1 wood with (Allium ursinum) ramsons or wild garlic
ETYMOLOGY: (craf =
ramsons / wild garlic) + soft mutation + (llwyn = wood)
:_______________________________.
Crafnant ‹krav -nant›
1 SH7662 Afon Crafnant river in the county of Conwy, flowing
north-east from the reservoir Llyn Crafnant, and joining the river Conwy north
of Tréfriw
Llyn Crafnant a lake / reservoir from which the Crafnant river flows
In the village of Rhos (county of Conwy) there is a road called “Crafnant Road”
(which would be Ffordd Crafnant in Welsh)
ETYMOLOGY: “the valley (or
stream) of the ramsons / wild garlic” (craf = ramsons / wild garlic) + (nant
= stream)
:_______________________________.
cragen, cregyn
/ cragennau ‹KRA gen,
KRE gin / kra GE ne› (feminine noun)
1 shell
y gragen = the shell
2
mynd i’ch cragen withdraw into
yourself, go into your shell (“go to your shell”)
dod o’ch cragen come out of one’s
shell
3 pysgodyn cragen PLURAL pysgod
cregyn shellfish
:_______________________________.
cragenbysgodyn ‹kra-gen-bə- skô -din› masculine
noun
PLURAL cragenbysgod
‹kra-gen-bə--skod›
1 shellfish
ETYMOLOGY: (cragen = shell) + soft
mutation + (pysgodyn = fish)
:_______________________________.
craig,
creigiau ‹KRAIG,
KREIG ye› (feminine noun)
1 cliff, crag, rock
y graig = the rock, the cliff, the
crag
2 bod mor sefydlog â’r
graig be as steady as a rock
3 rock = someone who is dependable, unchanging, reliable
Salmau 62:5 O fy enaid, disgwyl wrth
DDUW yn unig: canys ynddo ef y mae fy ngobaith. (62:6) Efe yn unig yw fy nghraig, a'm hiachawdwriaeth: efe yw fy amddiffynfa:
ni'm hysgogir.
Psalms 62:5 My soul, wait thou only upon God; for my expectation is from
him.(62:6) He only is my rock and my salvation: he is my defence; I shall not
be moved.
4 bod yn graig o arian have
spadefuls of money, have loads of money, be as rich as Croesus
(“be a rock of money”)
:_______________________________.
Craig Berth-lwyd
‹kraig berth-luid›
1 hill in Merthyrtudful county, south of Treharris (ST 0996)
2 Craig-berth-lwyd a
district here
ETYMOLOGY: craig y Berth-lwyd - ‘the rock of Berth-lwyd house’ (craig = rock); y Berth-lwyd = (y definite article) + soft mutation + (perth = hedge) + soft mutation + (llwyd = gray / grey)
NOTE: written “Graig Berthlwyd” in the 1800s, with the soft-mutated form graig used as a radical form
:_______________________________.
Craig Ddu
‹kraig -dhii›
1 SH 7010 crag in the
district of Meirionnydd (county of Gwynedd)
2
SH 6152 crag in the district of Dwyfor
(county of Gwynedd)
3
crag at Castell ar Alun (county of Bro Morgannwg)
4
crag at Aberogwr (county of Bro Morgannwg)
ETYMOLOGY: black rock; (craig =
rock) + soft mutation + (du = black)
NOTE: See also the form with the definite article (Y) Graig Ddu
:_______________________________.
Craigwilym
‹pont- wi -lim›
1 place name in Pen-tyrch (county of Caer-dydd) - name of a tenement
in the year 1666
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) rock (of) William”) (craig
= rock) + soft mutation + (Gwilym =
William)
:_______________________________.
Craig-y-don
‹kraig ə DON›
1 Dwelling in Llan-rug (1851 Census)
Address: Craig y Don
Surname: Hughes
Forenames: John
Relationship: Head
Condition: M
Age: 35
Occupation: Carpenter
Place of Birth: CAE(narvonshire)
2 House name, Rhosneigr (“Craig y Don”)
3 Ffordd Craig-y-don (“Craig y Don Road”), Bangor
4 District of Llandudno (“Craig y Don”)
Thomas Peers Williams came into possession of the land in this district under
the 1848 Enclosure Act. He named it after his estate in Biwmaris called
Craig-y-don. In June 1884 he divided the Llandudno land and other landholdings
in Marl, Llan-rhos and Baecolwyn into small lots and sold them all freehold in
the space of three days.
5
Craig-y-don SH5673, Biwmaris
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH5673
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) rock (overlooking) the sea”
(craig = rock, cliff) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (ton = sea; wave)
:_______________________________.
Craig y Pistyll
‹kraig ə pi -stilh›
1 (SN7185) rocks 3km east of Bont-goch (county of Ceredigion)
Llyn Craig y Pistyll (SN7185) a lake
to the east of the rocks
ETYMOLOGY: (“‘(the) rock (of) the waterfall”) (craig = rock, cliff) + (y
definite article) + (pistyll =
waterfall)
:_______________________________.
Craig yr Oesoedd
‹kraig ər oi -soidh›
1 the Rock of Ages = Christ
2 cysgu fel craig yr oesoedd
sleep like a log (“sleep like the rock of ages”)
ETYMOLOGY: (craig = rock) + (yr = the) + (oesoedd ages, plural of oes
= age)
:_______________________________.
crair, creiriau
‹KRAIR, KREIR ye› (masculine noun)
1 relic
:_______________________________.
craith ‹kraith› feminine noun
PLURAL creithiau
‹kreith -ye›
Also: creithen ‹krei-then› (craith) + (-en,
diminutive suffix)
1 scar = mark left by a wound, burn
y graith the scar
Roedd ganddo graith fawr o’r glust dde
at ei ên
He had a big scar from his right ear to his chin
2 scar = memory of a painful experience, emotional hurt
Fe dorrodd fy nghalon ac mae’r graith yn
aros o hyd
She broke my heart and the scar is still there
Darllennais yr hen lythyrau y bore ’ma
ac mae’r hen graith wedi’i hagor eto
This morning I read the old letters and the old scar has opened again
3 craith brech or craith y frech = pockmark, scar in the
form of an indentation in the skin from the healing of a smallpox pustule
4 darn in a woolen garment (Englandic: woollen garment)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Breton kleizenn
(= scar)
From the same Celtic root: Irish créacht
(= wound)
:_______________________________.
cranc,
crancod ‹KRANGK,
KRANG kod› (masculine noun)
1 crab
:_______________________________.
cranclyd
‹krangk -lid› adjective
1 cranky, wayward, eccentric
ETYMOLOGY: (cranc = eccentric
person) + (-lyd, adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
crancsiafft
‹krangk -shaft› feminine noun
PLURAL crancsiafftiau
‹krang-shaft-ye›
1 crankshaft = main shaft in an engine
y grancsiafft = the crankshaft
ETYMOLOGY: English crankshaft (= crank + shaft)
crank (formerly = reel for yarn)
< Old English
shaft < Old English sceaft (=
arrowshaft, etc);
Cf German der Schaft (= axe handle)
Besides its cognates in the Germanic languages, shaft is related to
,,1/ Latin scâpus (= shaft),
..2/ Greek skeptron (= staff); (skeptron has given English scepter, sceptre)
:_______________________________.
crand ‹krand› adjective
1 grand = imposing, majestic
Yng nghanol tref Livorno yn yr Eidal
saif ty crand lle bu teulu Thomas Lloyd yn byw, a hwnnw bellach yw canolfan
clwb tenis Livorno
In the middle of the town of Livorno in Italy there is an imposing house where
the family of Thomas Lloyd lived which nowadays is the Livorno Tennis Club,
2 (hotel, car, etc) grand, ritzy, luxurious, impressive, ornate
aros mewn gwestyau crand to stay in
luxury hotels
3 (clothes) smart, elegant, showy, elaborate, impressive, ornate
dillad crand finery, elaborate and
showy clothes
actorau ac actoresau wedi ymgasglu yn eu
dillad crand i ganmol eu gilydd
Actors and actresses gathered together in their finery to compliment each other
gwisgo’n grand dress up in smart
clothes, dress elegantly
merched yn gwisgo hetiau crand women
wearing elaborate hats
4 (appearance) smart
5 imposing, unnecessarily ornate
pam y mae’r Sais mor awyddus i gael
geiriau crand am bethau bob dydd?
why are the English so keen to have (such) grand words for everyday things?
6 splendid, excellent = giving great opportunity for
Blynyddau yn ôl yr oedd Abertawe’n lle
crand am ddrama
years ago Abertawe was a great place for drama
7 (English accent), grand = belonging to the upper levels of a
society
Mae elfen gref o snobeiddiwch ym Mrs
Jones Pant-mawr ac mae hi wastad yn siarad Saesneg gydag acen grandiach na’r
Saeson eu hunain
There’s a strong element of snobbishness in Mrs Jones Pant-mawr and she always
speaks English with an accent grander than that of the English themselves
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh crand < grand < English grand
< Old French grand (= big) < Latin grandis (= great)
:_______________________________.
crasu ‹KRA si› (verb)
1 to bake, to toast
:_______________________________.
craswellt
‹kras -welht› masculine noun
1 dry grass
mor sych â chraswellt odyn as dry as
dry grass (for heating) an oven / a kiln
ETYMOLOGY: (cras = dry) + soft
mutation + (gwellt = grass)
:_______________________________.
crau ‹krai› masculine
noun
1 ( obsolete) blood, gore
2 creulys groundsel, bloodwort. (Senecio vulgaris)
“blood plant” (creu-, penult form of crau = blood) + soft
mutation + (llys = plant)
creulys cyffredin groundsel (Senecio vulgaris)
3 creulon cruel
( creu = penultimate-syllable form of crau) + soft mutation + (-llon
suffix = full; llawn ‹adjective› = full)
4 creulan (obsolete) battlefield (“blood-field”)
( creu = penultimate-syllable form of crau) + soft mutation + (llan
= land)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic.
From the same British root: Cornish krow (= gore, bloodshed, death)
In Hibernian Celtic: Irish cró (= blood, gore)
Cf the English word cruel <
Old French cruel <
Latin crudêlis < crûdus
(= bleeding)
Related words in other languages:
Greek krea, krewa (= flesh; as in the modern formation creosote),
Sanskrit kravís (= flesh)
English raw
Latin crûdus (= bleeding) > English crude.
Also Latin crûdus (= bleeding) > (bloody meat, uncooked meat, raw
meat) > (raw or uncooked food in general) > Catalan cru (= raw)
:_______________________________.
crau ‹krai› masculine
noun
PLURAL creuau, creuon ‹krei –e, krei-on›
1 (obsolete) hovel
2 (obsolete) pigsty
3 (obsolete) stockade, place of
defence
4 creuddyn (qv) fort
(creu = crau) + soft mutation + (din = fort)
5 Creuwyrion
(modern form: Cororion, Llandygái SH5970, county of Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *krâw-o
From the same British root: Cornish krow (= hut, shed, sty), Cornish place
name Ros-krow Roscrow, (“(the) hill (of) (the) shed”); Breton kraou
(= cowshed)
From the same Celtic root: Irish cró (= enclosure, hovel, pigsty,
sheepfold)
:_______________________________.
crawcwellt ‹KRAUK-welht›
1 purple moor-grass (Molinia caerulea)
(delw 7218)
:_______________________________.
Crawcwellt ‹KRAUK-welht›
1 Afon Crawcwellt SH6929 river in Meirionnydd,
Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH6929
map, ffoto
:_______________________________.
creadur,
creaduriaid ‹kre A
dir, kre a DIR yed› (masculine noun)
1 creature, animal
2 y
cr’adur! the poor thing!
:_______________________________.
creawdwr,
creawdwyr ‹kre AU
dur, kre AUD wir› (masculine noun)
1 creator
:_______________________________.
crebachiad ‹kre- bakh -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL crebachiadau
‹kre-bakh- yâ -de›
1 atrophy, withering, fading
ETYMOLOGY: (crebach- stem of crebachu = to shrink, to atrophy) +(-i-ad abstract noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
crech
‹krech› adjective
1 feminine form of crych
(= curly; rippling; rough)
·····(1) As a first element in compound words with a feminine main element
crechwen (= scornful smile),
< gwên (= smile)
····· (2) Adjective after a feminine noun – grech.
ffrwd grech stream with churning
water
There is a road called “Ffrwdgrech Road” (which in Welsh would be Heol
Ffrwd-grech) in Aberhonddu (county of Powys)
:_______________________________.
crechwen
‹krekh -wen› feminine noun
PLURAL crechwenau
‹krech-wê-ne›
1 laughter, guffaw, scornful laugh, loud laugh, horselaugh (loud
unrestrained laugh)
y grechwen = the loud laugh
2
nasty grin, scornful smile
ETYMOLOGY: (crech, feminine form of crych = curly, agitated) + soft
mutation + (gwên = smile)
:_______________________________.
C’redig ‹KRE dig›
(masculine noun)
1 colloquial form of the man’s name
Ceredig
:_______________________________.
cred, credau ‹KREEED, KREE de›
(f)
1 belief
2 Cred = the Christian faith;
gwledydd Cred Christendom = the
Christian countries
o fewn terfynau Cred in Christendom,
within the bounds of Christendom
:_______________________________.
credu ‹KRE di› (verb)
1 to believe
2
Fe fydd yn anodd gennych ei gredu
You won’t believe it, you’ll hardly believe it (“it will be difficult with you
its believing”)
:_______________________________.
credyd,
credydau ‹KRE did,
kre DI de› (masculine noun)
1 credit
:_______________________________.
crefft,
crefftau ‹KREFT,
KREF te› (feminine noun)
1 craft
y grefft = the craft
:_______________________________.
crefftwr,
crefftwyr ‹KREF
tur, KREFT wir› (masculine noun)
1 craftsman
:_______________________________.
crefft ymladd
‹kreft əm-ladh› masculine noun
1 martial arts
cwrs crefft ymladd a martial arts
course, a course to learn martial arts
ETYMOLOGY: "craft (of) fighting" (crefft = craft) + (ymladd
= to fight)
:_______________________________.
crefydd,
crefyddau ‹KRE vidh,
kre VƏ dhe› (feminine noun)
1 religion
y grefydd = the religion
:_______________________________.
crefyddol ‹kre VƏ dhol›
(adjective)
1 religious
:_______________________________.
creigddu ‹kreig -dhi› feminine
noun
1 black rock
Y Greigddu place name, Cricieth (county of Gwynedd) (English name: Black
Rocks)
Traeth y Greigddu place name, Cricieth (county of Gwynedd) (English
name: Black Rock Sands)
ETYMOLOGY: (creig-
< craig = rock) + soft
mutation + (du = black)
?graig-ddú > (accent shift) gráig-ddu > (regularisation of the penult
diphthong ai > ei) gréigddu
:_______________________________.
creigfa
‹kreig -va› feminine noun
PLURAL creigfaon
‹kreig- vâ -on›
1 rocky place
House name in Aber-gwaun (Sir Benfro)
2 rockery (in a garden)
gardd greigfa rockery garden
3 reef = ridge of rocks in the sea, hidden just below the surface or exposed
above the surface
ETYMOLOGY: (creig- < craig
= rock) + (-fa noun-forming suffix,
indicating a place)
:_______________________________.
creigiau ‹KREIG ye›
(plural noun)
1 crags, cliffs, rocks; plural of craig
:_______________________________.
creigiog ‹kreig -yog› adjective
1 rocky, craggy, steep
2 Y Mynyddoedd Creigiog
(USA) The Rocky Mountains, the Rockies
ETYMOLOGY: (creig- < craig
= rock) + (-iog suffix for forming
nouns)
:_______________________________.
creigle
‹kreig -le› masculine noun
PLURAL creigleoedd
‹kreig- lê -odh›
1 rocky place, crag, stony ground
Sant Marc 4:5 A pheth a
syrthiodd ar greigle, lle ni chafodd fawr ddaear, ac yn y fan yr eginodd, am
nad oedd iddo ddyfnder daear.
Daint mark 4:5 And
some fell on stony ground, where it had not much earth; and immediately it
sprang up, because it had no depth of earth:
ETYMOLOGY: (creig- < craig
= rock) + soft mutation + (lle =
place)
:_______________________________.
Creigmor
‹kreig -mor› masculine noun
1
house name, Pwllheli
ETYMOLOGY: “sea rock”? The basis seems to be craig y môr (craig = rock) + (y definite article) +
(môr = sea)
> *craig-môr (linking definite article dropped)
> cráig-môr (stress shifts to the first syllable)
> creigmor where ai becoes ei, maybe in imitation of the
name of the shore at Cricieth, Y Greigddu
:_______________________________.
creignant
‹KREIG-nant› masculine noun
1
rocky stream, stream with a rocky bed
ETYMOLOGY: (creig-, penult syllable
form of craig = rock) + (nant = stream)
NOTE: nant is a feminine noun. It was formerly a masculine noun meaning ‘valley’; later it came to mean ‘stream’, and probably took on the same gender as afon (= river), a feminine noun.
The only example of creignant in
the Geiariadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary of Welsh is a
plural form from the 1300s (kreicneint glwys, or in modern Welsh creigneint
glwys = pleasant rocky streams). The gender is given as masculine.
:_______________________________.
Creignant
‹KREIG-nant›
1 SJ2535 locality in the
county of Shropshire, England, on the Welsh border, near Llangollen / Y Waun /
Croesoswallt (misspelt as “Craignant”)
2 There is a street called Creignant in Nantmel, Powys (misspelt as “Craignant”)
ETYMOLOGY: See the preceding entry
(unless the name is in fact
Cráignant < Craignánt < Craig-y-nant, “crag overlooking the stream”,
though this seems an unlikely name. It may be an old-established name in the
area – older forms of the name “Craignant” need to be consulted to be sure of
its origin)
:_______________________________.
creigres
‹kreig -res› feminine noun
PLURAL creigresi
‹kreig- RE -si›
creigres gwrel, creigresi cwrel coral reef
creigres lanw, creigresi llanw tidal reef
ETYMOLOGY: (creig- < craig
= rock) + soft mutation + (rhes =
row)
:_______________________________.
creiriau ‹KREIR ye›
(plural noun)
1 relics; plural of crair
:_______________________________.
creision ‹KREI shon›
(plural noun)
1 crisps; plural of the adjective cras = baked to a crisp
creisionyn ŷd, PLURAL creision ŷd ‹krei SHO nin IID, KREI shon IID› (masculine noun)
1 corn flake
:_______________________________.
crempogen,
crempogau ‹krem PO
gen, krem PO ge› (feminine noun)
1 pancake
y grempogen = the pancake
:_______________________________.
creon,
creonau ‹KRE on,
kre O ne› (masculine noun)
1 crayon
:_______________________________.
creu ‹KREI› (verb)
1 to create
:_______________________________.
creuddyn ‹krei -dhin› masculine noun
1 (obsolete) stockade, place
of defence, fort
(creu = crau) + soft mutation + (dỳn / dynn = hill; fort)
2 Place name:
(delw 7057)
..a/ Creuddyn (northern
Ceredigion) division (kúmmud / 'cwmwd') of the cantref of Penweddig
Llanfihangel y Creuddyn (SN6676) village in the former kúmmud of
Creuddyn
“(The village called) Llanfihangel (which is in the kúmmud called) Y Creuddyn”
(Llanfihangel = “(the) church (of) Michael Archangel”)
Llanfihangel y Creuddyn parish in northern Ceredigion
Llanbadarn y Creuddyn parish in northern Ceredigion
The local pronunciation is “crouddyn” – in south Wales a tonic syllable eu, and
au in monosyllables (dau = two, cau = hollow) are pronounced [ou], preserving
the older pronunciation of this diphthong
This is seen in nineteenth century (anglicised) spellings for the two parishes
Llanbadarn y Croythin = Llanbadarn y Crouddyn / Llanbadarn y Creuddyn
Llanvihangel y Croythin = Llanfihangel y Crouddyn / Llanfihangel y
Creuddyn
Here Llafihangel y Creuddyn is “Llanvihangelycroythin”
..b/ Creuddyn (southern Ceredigion)
Gwêlycreuddyn view of the Creuddyn stream
Street name in Llanbedr Pont Steffan (county of Ceredigion)
(gwêl = view) + (y definite article) + (Creuddyn)
Stream names and river names are not preceded by the definite article in Welsh;
the name, if referring to the stream, should be Gwêlcreuddyn gwêl Creuddyn
Pont Creuddyn SN5552 http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/828118
Nant Creuddyn the Creuddyn brook
..c/ Creuddyn (Llandudno
SH7881, county of Conwy)
Penrhyn Creuddyn ‹pen-hrin
KREI-dhin› “Creuddyn Peninsula”, Llandudno (Conwy) “(the) peninsula
(forming part of) (the kúmmud of) Creuddyn”
Creuddyn was one of the three kúmmuds of the kántrev of Rhos,
along with Uwch Dulas and Is Dulas
Ysgol y Creuddyn name of a Welsh-language primary school (in Baepenrhyn,
Llandudno)
Canol Creuddyn name of a street in Llandudno (“the) centre (of)
Creuddyn”, “(the) middle (of) Creuddyn”)
..d/ Creuddyn a lost
stream name in Aber-gwaun SM9537
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SM9537
:_______________________________.
creulon ‹KREI lon›
(adjective)
1 cruel
:_______________________________.
creulondeb ‹krei LON deb›
(masculine noun)
1 cruelty
:_______________________________.
creulys ‹krei
-lis› feminine noun
PLURAL creulysiau ‹krei- lə-she ›
1 groundsel, bloodwort
(Senecio vulgaris)
creulys cyffredin groundsel (Senecio vulgaris)
2 creulys y Wladfa Magellan
ragwort (Senecio smiithi) (“(the) groundsel (of) the Settlement”, that is,
Gwladfa Patagonia, the Welsh settlement in Patagonia established in 1865)
ETYMOLOGY: blood plant (creu-,
penult form of crau = blood) + soft mutation + (llys = plant)
:_______________________________.
creu
ymwybyddiaeth o ‹krei
əm ui BƏDH yeth o› (verb)
1 make aware of, create an awareness of
:_______________________________.
criafolen
‹ kri-a- vô -len› f
PLURAL criafol
‹kri- â -vol›
1
(tree) (Sorbus domestica) mountain ash, rowan
Also: pren criafol mountain ash,
rowan
2
mountain ash berry
criawal (South Wales) mountain ash
berries
Also: crafan, crawel, criafon, criawal,
criawol, grafel, cyrafol, crafol
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same Celtic root: Irish caor
(= berry, rowan berry); caora fíniúna
(= grape)
caorthann
(= rowan tree)
Possibly criafol < *cirafol
< cyrafol < cyrawol < *cerewol < *cereol
< kêreol-
:_______________________________.
crib, cribau ‹KRIIB. KRI be›
(masculine or feminine noun)
(North = m, South = f)
1 comb
y crib / y grib = the comb
2 ridge of a hill, mountain
3 talgrib (poetry) high
ridge
( tal = tall) + soft mutation + ( crib = serra)
:_______________________________.
cribiad ‹krib -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL cribiadau ‹krib-yâ-de›
1 (action) comb, combing
rhoi cribiad i’ch gwallt give your hair a comb
ETYMOLOGY: (crib-, root
of cribo = to comb) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
cribin
‹krî-bin› feminine noun
PLURAL cribiniau
‹kri- bin -ye›
1 North Wales rake,
hay-rake; in the south a different word is used: rhaca
y gribin = the rake
2 North Wales (masculine noun) miser, money-grabber,
skinflint, grasper
ETYMOLOGY: (crib = comb) + (-in)
VARIANTS: (it can also be a masculine noun)
:_______________________________.
cribin fach
‹krî-bin vaakh› feminine noun
PLURAL cribiniau bach ‹kri- bin -ye baakh›
1 North Wales small rake,
hand rake
:_______________________________.
cribiniad
‹kri- bin -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL cribiniadau
‹krii-bin- ya -de›
North Wales
1 raking = act of raking; rhoi
cribiniad i to rake, to give a raking to
2 raking = a quantity (of hay) raked with one movement of the rake
ETYMOLOGY: (cribin = rake) + (-iad)
:_______________________________.
cribo ‹KRI bo› (verb)
1 to comb
:_______________________________.
cric, criciau
‹KRIK, KRIK ye› (masculine noun)
1 crick = muscle spasm in the neck or
back
cael cric yn eich gwar get a crick
in your neck
:_______________________________.
criced ‹KRI ked›
(masculine noun)
1 cricket
2 llain
griced cricket pitch
:_______________________________.
cricsyn ‹KRIK sin›
(masculine noun)
PLURAL crics, criciaid ‹KRIKS, KRIK yed›
1 cricket (Acheta domesticus)
2 bod yn iach fel cricsyn be in rude
health, be as fit as a fiddle (“be healthy like a cricket”)
bod fel cricsyn o iach be in rude
health, be as fit as a fiddle (“be like a cricket of healthy”)
:_______________________________.
crimog
‹kri-mog› feminine noun
PLURAL crimogau
‹kri-mô-ge›
1 shin
2 obsolete shin-guard
3 obsolete leg; and from
this sense, applied to landscape features: ridge, spur
ETYMOLOGY: (crimp = fragile) + (-og)
:_______________________________.
crimogio
‹kri-mog -yo› verb
1 William Owen-Pughe, in his dictionary 1793/1803, remarks -"crimmogiaw" "to kick shins. It is
a diversion of the Pembrokeshire men; who have meetings for the purpose, where
they attend properly prepared in thick shoes with nails projecting out at the
sides." The southern form would be in fact crimogo ‹kri-mô-go›
ETYMOLOGY: (crimog = shin) + (-io)
:_______________________________.
crimp (1)
‹krimp› adjective
1 crisp, hard;
rhostio yn grimp roast until crisp
bara saim wedi ei ffrio’n grimp
fried bread fried until crisp (fried bread = a slice of bread fried in a frying
pan with boiling mutton / beef / pork fat)
2
godro’n grimp milk dry, milk until
no more milk is forthcoming; also figuratively, exploit (for money, ideas, etc)
until no more remains
3
dry; sych
grimp (sych = dry) + soft
mutation + (crimp = crisp) bone dry
4
dry (of mouth after drinking too much alcohol)
5
North Wales llosgi’n grimp burn to a cinder, burn to a crisp
ETYMOLOGY: English crimp = fragile, brittle, crisp
< Old English "gecrympan" = to curl up
:_______________________________.
crimp (2)
‹krimp› masculine noun
PLURAL crimpiau
‹krimp -ye›
1 sharp edge
2
ridge, spur
Y Crimpia ("the ridges";
local form of crimpiau – in
north-west Wales a final –au is
pronounced as -a) place by
Capelcurig (Gwynedd, North-west Wales);
Nant y Crimp ("stream of the
ridge") stream in Pont-lliw (county of Abertawe, South-east Wales),
3
North Wales stingy person; hen grimp ’di hwnnw the one you’re
talking about is an old skinflint
ETYMOLOGY: from the adjective crimp = fragile, brittle, crisp
:_______________________________.
crimpen
‹krim -pen› feminine noun
1 North Wales miser,
skinflint (woman); crimpyn (man)
2 South-west Wales crisp
oatcake, oatcake baked until it is hard
ETYMOLOGY: (crimp = brittle; miser) + (-en)
:_______________________________.
crimpio
‹krimp -yo› verb
NOTE: South Wales crimpio > crimpo
1 verb without an object, North Wales to get scorched
2 verb with an object, South-west
Wales crimpo to air (clothes in
front of the fire)
ETYMOLOGY: (crimp = fragile, brittle, crisp; dry) + (-io)
:_______________________________.
crimpyn
‹krim -pin› masculine noun
1 something shrivelled up, dried up, shrunken up (by the heat)
llosgi’n grimpyn ("burn into a
crisp (thing)")
...(a) (transitive verb) (action of the sun, intense heat):
shrivel (something) up, cause (something) to shrivel up
...(b) (intransitive verb) (action of the sun, intense heat):
shrivel up, become shrivelled up
2 North Wales miser,
skinflint (man); crimpen (woman)
ETYMOLOGY: (crimp = (noun) miser, (adjective) crisp, brittle) + (-yn)
:_______________________________.
crin ‹KRIIN› [kriːn] masculine noun
1 withered
2 dry
3 parched, scorched
4 (field names) barren, unproductive
There is a Bryn Crin SH3835 (probably scorched hill, barren hill) in
Pwllheli, Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH3835
map
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish krin, Breton krin
From the same Celtic root: Irish críon, Manks creen
NOTE: See Crindai, crinfir, Crindy, cringoch, crino, crinsych, crinwellt
:_______________________________.
Y Crindai
‹ə krin -dai› -
Ordnance Survey Map reference: ST3089
1 locality in the county of Casnewydd; (in fact now part of the city
of Casnewydd, where formerly there was a mansion called Crindai)
ETYMOLOGY: probably ‘houses with a roof of withered straw / withered reeds’,
plural form of crindy
:_______________________________.
crindir
‹krin -dir› masculine noun
PLURAL crindiroedd
‹krin- dî-rodh›
1 parched earth, scorched earth, arid land
ETYMOLOGY: (crin = withered,
shrivelled) + soft mutation + (tir =
land)
:_______________________________.
crindy
‹krin -di› masculine noun
PLURAL crindai
‹krin -dai›
1 obsolete house with
thatch of straw or reeds; see the place name ‘Y Crindai’
ETYMOLOGY: probably ‘house with a roof of withered straw / withered reeds’; (crin = withered, shrivelled) + soft
mutation + (ty = house)
:_______________________________.
Y Crindy
‹ə krin -di›
1 nickname for the the ‘Bull’s Head’ tavern in Walbrook, London,
where a Welsh literary association (the Gwyneddigion
= “people of Gwynedd”) used to meet at the end of the 1700s and beginning
of the 1800s
ETYMOLOGY: (crin) + soft mutation +
(ty = house). The members of the
society referred to the landlord as Y
Crin ‹kriin›, and
so the meaning is literally ‘the Crin House’ or ‘Crin’s House’. The nickname
could be either ‘wizened, shrivelled’ (from his appearance), or it could allude
to a lack of generosity since it also means ‘stingy, tightfisted’
:_______________________________.
cringoch
‹krin -gokh› adjective
1 (person) red-haired, having frizzy red hair cringoch red-haired man
2
(hair) red and frizzy
mwng o wallt cringoch a mane of
ginger hair
3
(fox) having a red coat
ETYMOLOGY: (crin = shrivelled,
curled up) + soft mutation + (coch =
red)
:_______________________________.
crinjio
‹krinj -yo› verb
1
Englishism to cringe = feel
uncomfortable or repulsed from extreme distaste or dislike
Mi fydda i’n crinjio bob tro y bydda i
yn gweld y rhaglen honno
I cringe every time I see that progamme
ETYMOLOGY: English cringe (= feel
distaste) < Old English cring(an) (= to yield in battle)
:_______________________________.
crinllys
‹krin -lhis› feminine noun
PLURAL crinllys
‹krin -lhis›
1 literary word violet, violets
ETYMOLOGY: (crin-, apparently from
Greek krinon = lily) + soft mutation
+ (llys = plant) > *crinlys > crinllys
:_______________________________.
crino ‹KRI no› (verb)
1 wither
:_______________________________.
crinsych
‹ krin -sikh› adjective
1 dry, dessicated, parched
ETYMOLOGY: (crin = dry, withered) +
(sych = dry)
:_______________________________.
crintach
‹KRIN-takh› m
(North Wales)
1 miser, stingy person
ETYMOLOGY: crintach is possibly <
Irish críontach (= withered-up old person), nowadays in modern
Irish críontachán, with the diminutive suffix –án
:_______________________________.
crintachlyd
‹krin-TAKH-lid› adj
1 stingy, mean, tightfisted
Fuodd o erioed yn un crintachlyd efo pres
He was never stingy with money (“never a stingy one with money”)
Rwyt ti wedi mynd mor ofnadw o grintachlyd
You’ve become really stingy
ETYMOLOGY: (crintach = miser) + (-lyd adjectival suffix,
often with a pejorative connotation)
:_______________________________.
crinwydden
‹ krin-WØ-dhen› fl
1
withered tree
Llyn y Grinwydden SJ0206, near Llanerfyl. Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/sj0206
map
ETYMOLOGY: (crin = withered,
shrivelled) + soft mutation + (gweydden
= tree)
:_______________________________.
crinwellt
‹ krin -welht› pl
1
withered grass, parched grass
ETYMOLOGY: (crin = withered,
shrivelled) + soft mutation + (gwellt
= grass)
:_______________________________.
crïo ‹KRI o› (verb)
(North Wales)
1 to cry (North)
:_______________________________.
crisial ‹KRI shal›
(masculine noun)
1 crystal
2 clir fel crisial
crystal clear
:_______________________________.
Crist ‹KRIST›
(masculine noun)
1 Christ
:_______________________________.
crist croes, tân
poeth ‹krist krôis
taan pôith› -
1 colloquially cris’ croes
tân poeth; said to somebody who doubts the truth of what you are saying (as
in English ‘cross my heart and hope to die’)
ETYMOLOGY: "(the) cross of Jesus, hot fire"; Welsh < Middle English Cris’-cross, Crist-cross = Christ’s cross + (tân = foc) + (poeth =
calent)
:_______________________________.
crist croes y
Beibl ‹krist
krôis ə bei-bil› -
1 colloquially cris’ croes y
Beibl; said to somebody who doubts the truth of what you are saying (as in
English ‘cross my heart and hope to die’)
ETYMOLOGY: "(the) cross of Jesus (on the cover of) the Bible" Welsh
< Middle English Cris’-cross, Crist-cross (= Christ’s
cross)
:_______________________________.
Cristion,
Cristnogion ‹KRIST
yon, krist NOG yon› (masculine noun)
1 Christian
:_______________________________.
critigol
‹ kri- tii -gol› adj
1
critical (Chemistry, Physics) point in a measurement of some phenomenon at
which an abrupt change occurs (100 Celsius is a critical temperature of water,
when it changes from a liquid to a gas)
tymheredd critigol critical
temperature
ETYMOLOGY: (critig = critic) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives);
imitation of the English word critical
:_______________________________.
criw, criwiau
‹KRIU, KRIU ye› (masculine noun)
1 crew
:_______________________________.
crïwr ‹krî -ur› masculine noun
PLURAL crïwyr
‹krî -wir›
1 crier
2
crïwr tref = town crier, official
who attracts the attention of the public by ringing a bell and makes public
announcements
Also: belman (from English
‘bellman’, man with a bell)
ETYMOLOGY: (cri- stem of crïo = to cry out, to shout) + (-wr agent suffix, = ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
criws ‹krius› masculine noun
South Wales
1 piss up, drinking spree
bod ar y criws be on a drinking
spree
ETYMOLOGY: criws < carws
‹ka-rus› < English carouse
< French < Middle French carouse < German
(dialectal) gar ûs (= gar aus trinken fully + out + drink,
drink up completely)
:_______________________________.
Croateg ‹kro A teg›
(feminine noun, adjective) (language)
1 Croatian
:_______________________________.
croc ‹krok› masculine
noun
PLURAL crocs
‹kroks›
1 hen groc (old person)
crock
hen groc dioglyd lazy old fool
2
hen groc crock = useless old horse
3
hen groc crock = old car
ETYMOLOGY: English crock (= old and
useless person / animal / thing); (originally an old decrepit ewe) < Lowlandic (Scotland), probably Dutch kraak (= decrepit person / animal);
related to Norwegian krake (=
unhealthy animal)
:_______________________________.
crocbren,
crocbrennau ‹KROK-bren,
krok-BRE-ne› (masculine noun)
1 gallows, hanging tree
:_______________________________.
crocbris ‹krok -bris›
PLURAL crocbrisiau ‹krok- bri -she›
1 exhorbitant price
talu crocbris am rywbeth
pay through the nose for something, pay the earth for something
codi crocbris am rywbeth charge the earth for something
ETYMOLOGY: ‘a hanging price’ (crog-,
stem of crogi = to hang) + soft mutation + (pris = price);
(c + p) > g-b
> c-b
crog-pris > crog-bris > croc-bris
Meaning: query – is this money paid to obtain a pardon and save from
execution on the gallows?
:_______________________________.
crochan,
crochanau ‹KRO-khan,
kro-KHÂ-ne› (masculine noun)
1 cauldron, iron pot, cooking pot
2
y tecil yn galw tinddu ar y crochan the pot calling the kettle black, accusing
others of a having some fault which you too have but don’t want to acknowledge
or admit
(“the kettle calling black-arse on the cooking pot”, the kettle saying that the
cooking pot has got a black bottom)
:_______________________________.
crochenydd,
crochenyddion ‹kro-KHE-nidh,
kro-khe-NƏDH-yon› (masculine noun)
1 potter
troell crochenydd potter’s wheel
ETYMOLOGY: (crochan-, penult form of crochan = pot) + (-ydd =
noun suffix denoting an agent), vowel affection a > e throught the influence
of the y [i] in the final syllable
:_______________________________.
crochlef
‹ krokh -lev› feminine noun
PLURAL crochlefau
‹krokh- lê -ve›
1
strident cry, clamour
2
clamour = noisy demand
anwybyddu crochlef barháus Cymry’r fro
am dai fforddadwy
ignoring the constant demand of the Welsh people of the area for affordable
housing
ETYMOLOGY: (croch = loud) + soft
mutation + ( llef = cry )
:_______________________________.
croen, crwyn ‹KROIN, KRUIN›
(masculine noun)
1 skin
2 Does dim gwaith yn eich
croen chi You’re workshy (“there’s
no work in your skin”)
3 croen neidr PLURAL crwyn nadroedd snakeskin
4 mynd o’ch croen lose
your temper, fly into a rage (“go (out) of your skin”)
5 yn gyrn, croen a charnau
hook, line and sinker (“horns, skin / hide and hooves”)
llyncu stori’n gyrn, croen a charnau
swallow a story hook, line and sinker, accept something improbable without
questioning it
6
blaengroen foreskin
( blaen = front; fore) + soft
mutation + (croen = skin)
Samuel-1 18:25 A dywedodd Saul, Fel hyn
y dywedwch wrth Dafydd; Nid yw y brenin yn ewyllysio cynnysgaeth, ond cael cant
o flaengrwyn y Philistiaid, i ddial ar elynion y brenin. Ond Saul oedd yn
meddwl peri lladd Dafydd trwy law y Philistiaid.
Samuel-1 18:25 And Saul said, Thus shall ye say to David, The king desireth
not any dowry, but an hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be avenged of
the king's enemies. But Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the
Philistines.
7 cael cyfrinach o groen rhywun prise / wheedle a secret out of
somebody (“get a secret from the skin of someone)”
8 argroen epicarp
(ar = on) + soft mutation + (croen = skin)
9
noethlymun groen stark naked
10
blaidd mewn croen dafad sheep in
wolf's clothing
bod yn flaidd mewn croen dafad be a
sheep in wolf's clothing
11
cael gwlychfa at eich croen get
soaked to the skin
:_______________________________.
croenwyn
‹ kroin win› adj
1
white-skinned
pobl groenwyn white people
Mae e’n groenwyn, yn bum droedfedd deg
modfedd o daldra, gyda gwallt tywyll byr a llygaid brown
He is white, five foot ten inches tall with short dark hair and brown eyes
ETYMOLOGY: (croen = skin) + soft
mutation + (gwyn = white)
:_______________________________.
..1 croes,
croesau / crwys ‹KROIS,
KROI se / KRUIS› (feminine noun)
1 cross
2 Y Groes Sanctaidd the
Holy Cross, the Holy Rood
Eglwys y Groes Sanctaidd Holy Cross
Church (Name of a church in Llanor, Gwynedd)
3 croes Geltaidd, croesau Celtaidd ‹krois GEL tedh, kroi se KEL tedh› (feminine noun)
Celtic cross
4 y Groes Goch ‹ə grois GOOKH› (feminine noun)
the Red Cross (in Moslem countries Y Cilgant Coch, the Red Crescent)
5 gorsafoedd y groes
(Catholic Church) stations of the cross - a sequence of 14 crosses or images in
a church or along on a roadside representing the suffering and crucifixion of
Jesus
6
yn groes i’r cloc anticlockwise
7
ynghroes (arms) folded
â’i freichiau ynghroes with his arms
folded
8 yn grwn ac ar groes
completely (“roundly and on a cross”)
gwadu rhywbeth yn grwn ac ar groes
completely deny something
:_______________________________.
..2 croes ‹KROIS›
(adjective)
1 opposite
2 y peth hollol groes i the
complete opposite of
3 Mae hynny’n groes i’w
gymeriad It’s out of character for him (“that is contrary to his
character”)
:_______________________________.
croesair,
croeseiriau ‹KROI
sair, kroi SEIR ye› (masculine noun)
1 crossword
:_______________________________.
Croesawdy
‹kroi- sau -di›
1 (house name) house of welcome
Cwrt Croesawdy street name. Y
Drenewydd (county of Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: (croesaw-, stem of creosawu = to welcome) + soft mutation
+ (tŷ = house)
:_______________________________.
croesawferch
‹kroi- sau -verkh› feminine
noun
PLURAL croesawferched
‹kroi-sau- ver -khed›
1 receptionist (woman)
ETYMOLOGY: (croesaw-, stem of creosawu = to welcome) + soft mutation
+ (merch = girl, woman)
:_______________________________.
croesawu ‹kroi SAU i›
(verb)
1 to welcome
:_______________________________.
Croescwrlwys ‹kroi SKUR luis›
(feminine noun)
1 district of Caer-dydd; adaptation of an
English name, Culverhouse Cross, the crossroads of the dovecote
:_______________________________.
croesewl ‹kroi -seul› feminine noun
1 (South-east Wales) crossroad. See croesheol ‹krois-heul›
y groesewl = the crossroad
:_______________________________.
croesfa, croesféydd
‹KROIS va, krois
VEIDH› (feminine noun)
1 pedestrian crossing
y groesfa = the crossing
:_______________________________.
croesfan,
croesfannau ‹KROIS
van, krois VA ne› (feminine noun)
1 pedestrian crossing
y groesfan = the crossing
2
(USA: grade crossing) (Englandic: level crossing);
crossing = place where a railway is crossed.
Also croesfan wastad, croesfannau
gwastad (“level / flat crossing”)
Also croesfan reilffordd, croesfannau
rheilffordd (“railroad / railway crossing”)
croesfan heb ei goruchwylio unmanned
level crossing (“level crossing without its supervising”)
Cadwch yn groesfan yn glir (on
railway warning signs in Wales) < Keep crossing clear>, i.e. do not
obstruct the railway line on the crossing
:_______________________________.
croesfan
reilffordd, croesfannau rheilffordd ‹KROIS van REIL fordh, krois VA ne RHEIL fordh› (feminine noun)
(USA: grade crossing) (Englandic: level crossing)
:_______________________________.
croesfan
zebra ‹KROIS
van ZE bra› (feminine noun)
zebra crossing
:_______________________________.
croesffordd,
croesffyrdd ‹KROIS
fordh, KROIS firdh› (feminine noun)
1 crossroad
y groesffordd = the crossroad
2
Y Groesffordd (“the crossroad”)
..a/ (SH7675) locality in the county of Conwy
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH7675
..b/ street name in Bryncrug, Tywyn (county of Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: (croes = cross, shape
like a plus sign “+” or letter “x”) + (ffordd
= road)
:_______________________________.
croesfwa
‹krois- vû -a› feminine noun
PLURAL croesfwâu
‹krois-vu-ai›
1 crossbow
y groesfwa = the crossbow
ETYMOLOGY: literal translation of English ‘crossbow’ (croes = cross) + soft mutation + (bwa = bow)
:_______________________________.
croesfwäwr
‹krois-vu-â-ur› masculine noun
PLURAL croesfwäwyr
‹krois-vu-â-wir›
1 crossbowman
ETYMOLOGY: (croesfwa = crossbow) + (-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
croesheol ‹krois-heul / krois-eul› feminine noun
PLURAL croesheolydd
‹krois- heu –lidh / krois-eu-lidh›
South Wales
NOTE: Colloquially in the south-east as
(1) croesol / y groesol ‹krois
–ol / ə grois -ol› or
(2) croesewl / y groesewl ‹krois
–eul / ə grois -eul›.
(3) Also without soft mutation – y
croesewl ‹ə krois -eul›
1 crossroad – the intersection of two roads
y groesheol = the crossroad
Lle ofnadwy am ysbrydion oedd Croesol
Rhiw Felan yn Nhonyrefail
The Rhiw Felan crossroad in Tonyrefail was a terrible place for (coming across)
ghosts
...(1) Penygroesheol (“(the) top
(of) the crossroad”) Street name in Trelewis (Treharris, county of Merthyrtudful)
(misspelt as “Pen-y-Groes Heol”)
...(2) Croesheol y Sblot place in
the county of Bro Morgannwg where Heol y Wig (the Wig road) crosses the road
from Sain Dunwyd to Llanfihangel y Bont-faen (“(the) crossroad (of) the Sblot”)
– (Y Sblot = name of a nearby farm on the Sain Dunwyd road)
...(3) Croesol Tyn-y-bryn the
crossroads a Tyn-y-bryn; place in Tonyrefail
Dyna Dic yn tynu ein sylw at ganwyll
gorff yn dod oddiwrth Groesol Tyn-y-bryn tua’r Waun-rhydd (Hanes Tonyrefail
- Atgofion am y Lle a’r Hen Bobl. Thomas Morgan. 1899, Caerdydd. Tudalen 60)
Dic drew our attention to (“There is Dic drawing our attention to”) a death
candle (“candle of body”) coming from Croesol Tyn-y-bryn (the crossroads by Tyn-y-bryn
farm) towards Y Waun-rhydd.
2 crossroad – one of the four branches of a crossroad
Dim ond un ty oedd ar Donyrefail y pryd
hynny. Roedd yn sefyll yn nghanol y Pentre, lle y mae pedair o groesheolydd -
un yn arwain i’r Cymer, un arall i Lantrisant, un arall i Glynogwr, a’r llall i
Gwm Elái, ac yn arwain i’r Bont-faen.
(Addasiad o ddarn yn “Hanes Tonyrefail -
Atgofion am y Lle a’r Hen Bobl”, Thomas Morgan, 1899, Caerdydd. Tudalen 46)
There was only one house in Tonyrefail at that time. It stood in the middle
of the village, where there are four crossroads – one leading off to Cymer,
another to Llantrisant, another to Glynogwr, and the last to Cwm Elái, and
going on to Y Bont-faen.
2 croesheolydd four crosses, four roads – four branches of a
crossroad emanating from the crossroad centre
Croesheolydd farm south of
Rhiwderin, by the road south-west to Pen-y-lan
(query: the name on the map is in standard Welsh; ?the local form is surely “Cro’s-ewlydd”)
ETYMOLOGY: (croes = cross, shape
like a plus sign “+” or letter “x”) + (heol
= road)
:_______________________________.
Croesheol ‹krois-heul / krois-eul›
1 place name in Malpas (Casnewydd
/ Newport)
Thos (Thomas) Howell, near Croesheol in Malpas (died) 11
Nov 1814 (aged) 81
(Mentioned in Llantarnam Burials 1813-74) http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~monfamilies/llantarnbur1813-74.htm
ETYMOLOGY: “cross road”, though Y Groesheol (with the definite article
and the soft mutation it causes) might have been expected
:_______________________________.
croesi ‹KROI si›
(verb)
1 to cross
:_______________________________.
croesi’r bont
‹kroi-sir bont›
phrase
1 cross the bridge, go over the bridge
2 cross the bridge - said of learners of Welsh who begin to acquire
fluency, be fluent enough to use Welsh with confidence
Croesi’r Bont name of such a book for Welsh learners at this stage of
learning
3 Fe groeswn ni’r bont honno
pan ddown ni ati hi
We’ll cross that bridge when we come to it, i.e. we’ll consider that
problem at the due time
:_______________________________.
croeslin ‹krois -lon› feminine noun
PLURAL croesliniau
‹krois-lin-ye›
1 diagonal, diagonal line
y groeslin the diagonal
ETYMOLOGY: (croes = root of creosi = to cross) + soft mutation + (llin = line)
:_______________________________.
croeso
‹kroi -so› masculine
noun
1 welcome = a reception
croeso cymysg mixed reception
Croeso cymysg a fu i’r datganiad the
statement had a mixed reception
croeso tlawd a poor reception
croeso oeraidd a cool reception
croeso oerllyd a cool reception
noswaith dda a chroeso (radio
presenter, TV presenter, etc) good evening and welcome
2
croeso! welcome! (word of greeting
to a someone who arrives in a place and who is received with pleasure)
croeso i chi! a welcome to you
Croeso is very common on signs in
Wales. With place names, there is soft mutation (affecting the nine initial
consonants c p t / g b d / m ll rh) after the preposition i (= to)
Cymru: Croeso i Gymru Welcome to
Wales ‹KROI so i GØM-ri› [ˌkrɔɪsɔ
ɪ ˡgəmrɪ]
Caernarfon: Croeso i Gaernarfon Welcome
to Caernarfon [ˌkrɔɪsɔ
ɪ gaɪrˡnarvɔn]
Note: colloquially Caernarfon is Cyrnarfon [kərˡnarvɔn],
Cynarfon [kəˡnarvɔn]
(“Croeso i Gyrnarfon, Croeso i Gynarfon”)
Pwllheli: Croeso i Bwllheli Welcome
to Pwllheli
Tregaron: Croeso i Dregaron Welcome
to Tregaron
Gartholwg: Croeso i Artholwg Welcome
to Gartholwg (“Church Village”)
Bangor: Croeso i Fangor Welcome to
Bangor
Dinbych: Croeso i Ddinbych Welcome
to Dinbych (“Denbigh”)
Merthyrtudful: Croeso i Ferthyrtudful
Welcome to Merthyrtudful
Llandudno: Croeso i Landudno Welcome
to Llandudno
Rhuthin Croeso i Ruthin Welcome to
Rhuthin
Y Drenewydd: Croeso i’r Drenewydd Welcome
to Y Drenewydd (“Newtown”)
Y Trallwng: Croeso i’r Trallwng Welcome
to Y Trallwng (“Welshpool”)
3 croeso i bawb all
welcome, everyone is welcome
4 croeso gwanwyn (“(the)
welcome (of the) spring”) o croeso i'r
gwanwyn (“welcome to the spring”) daffodil
5 welcome = welcoming ceremony
fel rhan o groeso swyddogol y
Maoriaid
as part of the Maori welcoming ceremony
6 Bwrdd Croeso Cymru
Welsh Tourist Board (“Board of Welcome of Wales”)
Y Bwrdd Croeso The Tourist Board
7 Croeso Chwe-deg Naw
(“The Welcome of Sixty-nine”)
A celebration promoted by the English Government in the Year 1969 preceding the
Investiture of the English prince Charles Windsor as Prince of Wales in the
castle of Caernarfon
8 rhoi croeso i (rywun)
make someone welcome
9
parod eich croeso welcoming (“ready
your welcome”)
llawn croeso welcoming (“full (of)
welcome”)
10 parti croeso’n ôl
homecoming party (“party of welcoming back”)
11 Does dim croeso i chi yma
You’re not wanted here
(“there is no welcome for you here”)
Mae croeso i chi bob amser You're
welcome any time, You're always welcome
(“there is a welcome for you always”)
12 Can croeso iddo ei wneud
He's quite welcome to do it
("a hundred welcomes for him to do it")
13 mynd yn hyfach na'ch
croeso outstay your welcome
("become bolder than your welcome")
aros yn hwy na'ch croeso outstay
your welcome
("stay longer than your welcome")
14 Mae croeso ichi alw
You're welcome to call
(“there is a welcome to you calling”)
15 â chroeso you're
welcome
â phob croeso you're welcome
-Diolch yn fawr. –Mae i chi bob croeso. -Thank you very much. –You’re
welcome (“there is to you every welcome”)
16 â chroeso with
pleasure! you’re welcome! you’re more than welcome to! (in affirming a request
for a favour)
17 mawr eich croeso
warmly welcomed, greatly welcomed, receiving acclaim
llyfr fydd yn fawr ei groeso a book
that will be warmly welcomed
18 also as a house name, hotel name, etc: Croeso
See also Croesawdy
19 croeso i you’re /
she’s / he’s / they’re welcome to...
Croeso iddo ddod i ’ngweld i unrhyw dro
He’s welcome to visit me at any time
20 Bydd Croeso yn Aros yn y
Bryniau translation of the title of a twentieth-century song written in
English “We'll Keep a Welcome in the Hillsides”, with schmaltzy mawkish lyrics
and a mournful melody, which is considered in England to be an emblematic song
of Wales.
Apparently addressed to Welsh exiles returning to the old country on a visit.
Some Welsh choirs to their shame include this in their repertory, though as far
as I am aware the ultimate act of degradation - the song being translated and
performed in Welsh – has not yet taken place.
ETYMOLOGY: croeso < croesaw.
Etymology unknown. Possibly a derivative of croes (= cross)
:_______________________________.
croesol ‹kroi -sol› feminine noun
1 (South-east Wales) crossroad. See croesheol ‹krois-heul›
y groesol = the crossroad
:_______________________________.
crofft ‹kroft› feminine noun
PLURAL crofftiau ‹kroft-yai -ye›
1 croft
y grofft the crofft
2 Grofft SH8104 house in Glantwymyn (Powys)
y grofft “the croft” (y definite article) + soft mutation + (crofft
= croft)
3 Cefn-rofft SJ0049 farm east of Llanfihangel Glyn Myfyr
cefn y grofft “(the) ridge (of) the croft” (cefn = back; hill,
ridge) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (crofft = croft)
ETYMOLOGY: English croft
NOTE: There is also a form where grofft was taken to be the base word,
and the definite article before it has resulted in the form y rofft
Mynwent Rofft-wen SH4165 mynwent y Rofft-wen “the cemetery (by) Y
Rofft-wen” name of a cemetery in Niwbwrch (Ynys Môn)
Y Rofft-wen is ‘the white croft’
(y definite article) + soft mutation + (grofft = croft) + soft
mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white)
See also crofft
:_______________________________.
..1 crog ‹kroog› feminine noun
PLURAL crogau ‹krô -ge›
1 (obsolete) cross
y grog = the cross
2 (obsolete) crucifix
Betws y Grog old name of Ceirchiog (Llechylched SH3476) in Môn.
According to Melville Richards (Enwau Tir a Gwlad, 1998), “mae crog yn cyfeirio at sgrin yn yr eglwys.
Yr enw Saesneg oedd Holy Rood Church.” (= crog refers to a screen in the church. The English name was Holy Rood
Church)
3 crucifixion
Gwener y Grog (literary) (“Friday (of) the crucifixion”) Good Friday.
Usually Dydd Gwener y Groglith
4 Gwyl y Grog Exaltation of the Cross, Holy Cross Day
(September 14). Until the abolition of the practice in 1840 by Pope Gregory 14,
Jews in Rome were obliged to attend a Catholic church on this day to listen to
a sermon
5 Gwyl Caffael y Groes (“festival (of) (the) finding (of) the
cross”) Invention of the Cross (May 3)
6 bynsen y Grog hot cross bun (“bun (of) the cross”)
7 lili’r Grog Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum)
8 (obsolete) gallows
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *krok- < Latin *cruc-a < cruc-em < crux
From the same British root: Cornish krog (= suspension), Breton kroug
(= gallows)
Irish has croch (= cross, gallows) from the Latin crux
:_______________________________.
..2 crog ‹KROOG›
(adjective)
1 hanging, suspended
:_______________________________.
crogi
‹krô -gi›
verb with an object
1 hang = kill a person by suspending by the neck
Crogai ei fam ta hynny'n elw iddo
(“he'd hang his mother if it would bring him any profit”)
He’d sell his grandmother (= he’s so unscrupulous and greedy for money that
he'd sell his grandmother)
2 hang = (punishment) execute a person by suspending from a tree,
gallows, etc
Esther 2:23 A phan chwilwyd y peth, fe a
gafwyd felly: am hynny y crogwyd hwynt ill dau ar bren. Ac ysgrifennwyd hynny
mewn llyfr cronicl gerbron y brenin.
Esther 2:23 And when
inquisition was made of the matter, it was found out; therefore they were both
hanged on a tree: and it was written in the book of the chronicles before the
king.
crogi delw o rywun hang somebody
in effigy
Eled i’w grogi! Hang the fellow!
3 (archaic) hang = crucify (See: croglith)
4 cael eich crogi = be
hanged ("get your hanging")
5 crogi eich hun, hang
yourself ("hanging + your + self");
more correctly eich crogi eich hun
("your + hanging + (of) your + self")
6 hang = be suspended
Wedi’r ddamwain ar y bont, roedd y lori
yn crogi uwchláw y ffordd brysur o dan y bont
After the accident on the bridge, the lorry was hanging over a busy road under
the bridge
7 hang = (gate) be suspended from a post
Crogir y llidiart wrth fachau haearn yn
awr, ond gynt troai ar ei gorddyn wrth wden
The gate now hangs with iron hinges but formerly it swung on its pivots by
means of withy loops
8 crocbren gallows,
gallows tree
(crog-, stem of crogi = to hang) + soft mutation + (pren = tree)
9 North Wales
Dos i’th grogi! Go hang yourself!
Cyngor y Dre! Aed i’w crogi!
The town council! Hang the lot of them! ("let it be gone to hang
them")
10 South Wales cer i grogi! go hang yourself!
("go to hang / to be hanged")
11 Mae llawer ffordd i ladd
ci heblaw ei grogi
There are many ways to achieve one’s aims if one examines the problem properly
("there are many ways to hang a dog besides hanging it")
12 ar eich crogi on your
life (“on your hanging”), even if someone threatens to hang you
Rwi’n addo ar ’y nhrogi na weda i air
wrth neb
I swear on my life I won’t tell another soul ("I promise in spite of my
hanging I won’t tell anybody")
13 tros eich crogi, dros eich
crogi on your life (“over your hanging”), even if someone threatens to hang
you
A i ddim i’w weld o dros ’y nghrogi!
I won’t go and see him even if they hang me
14 mynd i’ch crogi ride
for a fall, do something which will inevitably bring about punishment,
retribution ("go to your hanging")
15 crogi, diberfeddu a
chwarteru hang, draw and quarter – kill by hanging, pulling out the
entrails, and cutting off the limbs
crogi a darnu hang and quarter, hang
and cut off the limbs and the head
Rhoddodd y gwarchodlu yno yr hen Spenser
i’r frenhines. Crogwyd a darnwyd ef, a rhoddwyd ei gnawd i gŵn.
The retinue gave Spenser to the Queen. He was hanged and cut up, and his flesh
was given to dogs.
ETYMOLOGY: (crog = hanging tree,
gallows) + (-i, suffix for forming
verbs); crog < British < Latin *croc-em (=
cross)
From the same British root: Cornish krog
(= hanging, suspension); Breton krouga (=
to hang)
:_______________________________.
croglith ‹KROG lith›
(feminine noun) (crogi = crucify, llith = reading)
1 crucifixion verses, crucifixion text. ,
text about the crucifixion; chapters 18 and 19 in Efengyl
Sant Joan / Saint John’s Gospel; later
on, chapter 18 was excluded.
PENNOD 18
18:1 Wedi i’r Iesu ddywedyd y geiriau hyn, efe a aeth allan,
efe a’i ddisgyblion, dros afon Cedron, lle yr oedd gardd, i’r hon yr aeth efe
a’i ddisgyblion.
18:1 When
Jesus had spoken these words, he went forth with his disciples over the brook
Cedron, where was a garden, into the which he entered, and his disciples.
18:2 A Jwdas hefyd, yr hwn a’i bradychodd ef, a adwaenai’r lle: oblegid
mynych y cyrchasai’r Iesu a’i ddisgyblion yno.
18:2 And
Judas also, which betrayed him, knew the place: for Jesus ofttimes resorted
thither with his disciples.
18:3 Jwdas gan hynny, wedi iddo gael byddin a swyddogion gan yr
archoffeiriaid a’r Phariseaid, a ddaeth yno â lanternau, a lampau, ac arfau.
18:3
Judas then, having received a band of men and officers from the chief priests
and Pharisees, cometh thither with lanterns and torches and weapons.
18:4 Yr Iesu gan hynny, yn gwybod pob peth a oedd ar ddyfod arno, a aeth
allan, ac a ddywedodd wrthynt, Pwy yr ydych yn ei geisio?
18:4
Jesus therefore, knowing all things that should come upon him, went forth, and
said unto them, Whom seek ye?
18:5 Hwy a atebasant iddo, Iesu o Nasareth. Yr
Iesu a ddywedodd wrthynt, Myfi yw. A Jwdas, yr hwn a’i bradychodd ef, oedd
hefyd yn sefyll gyda hwynt.
18:5 They
answered him, Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus saith unto them, I am he. And Judas
also, which betrayed him, stood with them.
18:6 Cyn gynted gan hynny. ag y dywedodd efe wrthynt, myfi yw, hwy a
aethant yn wysg eu cefnau, ac a syrthiasant i lawr.
18:6 As soon then as he had said unto
them, I am he, they went backward, and fell to the ground.
18:7 Am hynny efe a ofynnodd iddynt drachefn, Pwy yr ydych yn ei geisio? A hwy a ddywedasant, Iesu o Nasareth.
18:7
Then asked he them again, Whom seek ye? And they said, Jesus of Nazareth.
18:8 Yr Iesu a atebodd, Mi a ddywedais i chwi mai myfi yw: am hynny os myfi
yr ydych yn ei geisio, gadewch i’r rhai hyn fyned ymaith:
18:8
Jesus answered, I have told you that I am he: if therefore ye seek me, let
these go their way:
18:9 Fel y cyflawnid y gair a ddywedasai efe, O’r rhai a roddaist i mi, ni
chollais i’r un.
18:9 That
the saying might be fulfilled, which he spake, Of them which thou gavest me
have I lost none.
18:10 Simon Pedr gan hynny a chanddo gleddyf, ei tynnodd ef, ac a drawodd
was yr archoffeiriad, ac a dorrodd ymaith ei glust ddeau ef: ac enw’r gwas oedd
Malchus.
18:10
Then Simon Peter having a sword drew it, and smote the high priest’s servant,
and cut off his right ear. The servant’s name was Malchus.
18:11 Am hynny yr Iesu, a ddywedodd wrth Pedr, Dod dy gleddyf yn y wain: y
cwpan a roddes y Tad i mi, onid yfaf ef?
18:11
Then said Jesus unto Peter, Put up thy sword into the sheath: the cup which my
Father hath given me, shall I not drink it?
18:12 Yna’r fyddin, a’r milwriad, a swyddogion yr Iddewon, a ddaliasant yr
Iesu, ac a’i rhwymasant ef,
18:12
Then the band and the captain and officers of the Jews took Jesus, and bound
him,
18:13 Ac a’i dygasant ef at Annas yn gyntaf: canys chwegrwn Caiaffas, yr
hwn oedd archoffeiriad y flwyddyn honno, ydoedd efe.
18:13 And
led him away to Annas first; for he was father in law to Caiaphas, which was
the high priest that same year.
18:14 A Chaiaffas oedd yr hwn a gyngorasai i’r Iddewon, mai buddiol oedd
farw un dyn dros y bobl.
18:14 Now
Caiaphas was he, which gave counsel to the Jews, that it was expedient that one
man should die for the people.
18:15 Ac yr oedd yn canlyn yr Iesu, Simon Pedr, a disgybl arall: a’r
disgybl hwnnw oedd adnabyddus gan yr archoffeiriad, ac efe a aeth i mewn gyda’r
Iesu i lys yr archoffeiriad.
18:15 And
Simon Peter followed Jesus, and so did another disciple: that disciple was
known unto the high priest, and went in with Jesus into the palace of the high
priest.
18:16 A Phedr a safodd wrth y drws allan. Yna y disgybl arall yr hwn oedd
adnabyddus gan yr archoffeiriad, a aeth allan, ac a ddywedodd wrth y ddrysores,
ac a ddug Pedr i mewn.
18:16 But
Peter stood at the door without. Then went out that other disciple, which was
known unto the high priest, and spake unto her that kept the door, and brought
in Peter.
18:17 Yna y dywedodd y llances oedd ddrysores wrth Pedr, Onid wyt tithau o
ddisgyblion y dyn hwn? Dywedodd yntau, Nac wyf.
18:17
Then saith the damsel that kept the door unto Peter, Art not thou also one of
this man’s disciples? He saith, I am not.
18:18 A’r gweision a’r swyddogion, gwedi gwneuthur tân glo, oherwydd ei bod
hi’n oer, oeddynt yn sefyll, ac yn ymdwymo: ac yr oedd Pedr gyda hwynt yn
sefyll, ac yn ymdwymo.
18:18 And
the servants and officers stood there, who had made a fire of coals; for it was
cold: and they warmed themselves: and Peter stood with them, and warmed
himself.
18:19 A’r archoffeiriad a ofynnodd i’r Iesu am ei ddisgyblion, ac am ei
athrawiaeth.
18:19 The
high priest then asked Jesus of his disciples, and of his doctrine.
18:20 Yr Iesu a atebodd iddo, Myfi ‘a leferais yn eglur wrth y byd: yr
oeddwn bob amser yn athrawiaethu yn y synagog, ac yn y deml, lle mae’r Iddewon
yn ymgynnull bob amser; ac yn ddirgel ni ddywedais i ddim.
18:20
Jesus answered him, I spake openly to the world; I ever taught in the
synagogue, and in the temple, whither the Jews always resort; and in secret
have I said nothing.
18:21 Paham yr wyt ti yn gofyn i mi? gofyn i’r rhai a’m clywsant, beth a
ddywedais wtthynt: wele, y rhai hynny a wyddant pa bethau a ddywedais i.
18:21 Why
askest thou me? ask them which heard me, what I have said unto them: behold,
they know what I said.
18:22 Wedi iddo ddywedyd y pethau hyn, un o’r swyddogion a’r oedd yn sefyll
gerllaw, a roddes gernod i’r Iesu, gan ddywedyd, Ai felly yr wyt ti’n ateb yr archoffeiriad?
18:22 And
when he had thus spoken, one of the officers which stood by struck Jesus with
the palm of his hand, saying, Answerest thou the high priest so?
18:23 Yr Iesu a atebodd iddo, Os drwg y dywedais, tystiolaetha o’r drwg; ac
os da, paham yr wyt yn fy nharo i?
18:23
Jesus answered him, If I have spoken evil, bear witness of the evil: but if
well, why smitest thou me?
18:24 Ac Annas a’i hanfonasai ef yn rhwym at Caiaffas yr archoffeiriad.
18:24 Now
Annas had sent him bound unto Caiaphas the high priest.
18:25 A Simon Pedr oedd yn sefyll ac yn ymdwymo. Hwythau a ddywedasant
wrtho, Onid wyt tithau hefyd o’i ddisgyblion ef? Yntau a wadodd, ac a
ddywedodd, Nac wyf.
18:25 And
Simon Peter stood and warmed himself. They said therefore unto him, Art not
thou also one of his disciples? He denied it, and said, I am not.
18:26 Dywedodd un o weision yr archoffeiriad, (câr i’r hwn y torasai Pedr
ei glust,) Oni welais i di gydag ef yn yr ardd?
18:26 One
of the servants of the high priest, being his kinsman whose ear Peter cut off,
saith, Did not I see thee in the garden with him?
18:27 Yna Pedr a wadodd drachefn; ac yn y man y
canodd y ceiliog.
18:27
Peter then denied again: and immediately the cock crew.
18:28 Yna y dygasant yr Iesu oddi wrth Caiaffas i’r dadleudy: a’r bore
ydoedd hi, ac nid aethant hwy i mewn i’r dadleudy, rhag eu halogi; eithr fel y
gallent fwyta’r pasg.
18:28
Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it was early;
and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be
defiled; but that they might eat the passover.
18:29 Yna Peilat a aeth allan atynt, ac a ddywedodd, Pa achwyn yr ydych
chwi yn ei ddwyn yn erbyn y dyn hwn?
18:29
Pilate then went out unto them, and said, What accusation bring ye against this
man?
18:30 Hwy a atebasant ac a ddywedasant wrtho, Oni bai fod hwn yn
ddrwgweithredwr, ni thraddodasem ef.atat.
18:30
They answered and said unto him, If he were not a malefactor, we would not have
delivered him up unto thee.
18:31 Am hynny y dywedodd Peilat wrthynt, Cymerwch chwi ef, a bernwch ef yn
ôl eich cyfraith chwi. Yna yr Iddewon a ddywedasant wrtho, Nid cyfreithlon i ni
ladd neb:
18:31
Then said Pilate unto them, Take ye him, and judge him according to your law.
The Jews therefore said unto him, It is not lawful for us to put any man to
death:
18:32 Fel y cyflawnid gair yr Iesu, yr hwn a ddywedasai efe, gan arwyddocáu
o ba angau y byddai farw.
18:32
That the saying of Jesus might be fulfilled, which he spake, signifying what
death he should die.
18:33 Yna Peilat a aeth drachefn i’r dadleudy, ac a alwodd yr Iesu, ac a
ddywedodd wrtho, Ai ti yw Brenin yr Iddewon?
18:33
Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again, and called Jesus, and said
unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews?
18:34 Yr Iesu a atebodd iddo, Ai ohonot dy hun yr wyt ti yn dywedyd hyn, ai
eraill a’i dywedasant i ti amdanaf fi?
18:34
Jesus answered him, Sayest thou this thing of thyself, or did others tell it
thee of me?
18:35 Peilat a atebodd, Ai Iddew ydwyf fi? Dy genedl dy hun a’r
archoffeiriaid a’th draddodasant i mi. Beth a wnaethost ti?
18:35
Pilate answered, Am I a Jew? Thine own nation and the chief priests have
delivered thee unto me: what hast thou done?
18:36 Yr Iesu a atebodd, Fy mrenhiniaeth i nid yw o’r byd hwn. Pe o’r byd
hwn y byddai fy mrenhiniaeth, fy ngweision i a ymdrechent, fel na’m rhoddid i’r
Iddewon: ond yr awron nid yw fy mrenhiniaeth i oddi yma.
18:36
Jesus answered, My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom were of this
world, then would my servants fight, that I should not be delivered to the
Jews: but now is my kingdom not from hence.
18:37 Yna y dywedodd Peilat wrtho, Wrth hynny ai Brenin. wyt ti? Yr Iesu a
atebodd, Yr ydwyt ti yn dywedyd mai Brenin wyf fi. Er rnwyn hyn y’m ganed, ac
er mwyn hyn y deuthum i’r byd, fel y tystiolaethwn i’r gwirionedd. Pob un a’r
sydd o’r gwirionedd, sydd yn gwrando fy lleferydd i.
18:37
Pilate therefore said unto him, Art thou a king then? Jesus answered, Thou
sayest that I am a king. To this end was I born, and for this cause came I into
the world, that I should bear witness unto the truth. Every one that is of the
truth heareth my voice.
18:38 Peilat a ddywedodd wrtho, Beth yw gwirionedd? Ac wedi iddo ddywedyd
hyn, efe a aeth drachefn at yr Iddewon, ac a ddywedodd wrthynt, Nid wyf fi yn
cael dim achos ynddo ef.
18:38
Pilate saith unto him, What is truth? And when he had said this, he went out
again unto the Jews, and saith unto them, I find in him no fault at all.
18:39 Eithr y mae gennych chwi ddefod, i mi ollwng i chwi un yn rhydd ar y
pasg: a fynnwch chwi gan hynny i mi ollwng yn rhydd i chwi Frenin yr Iddewon?
18:39 But
ye have a custom, that I should release unto you one at the passover: will ye
therefore that I release unto you the King of the Jews?
18:40 Yna y lefasant oll drachefn, gan ddywedyd, Nid hwnnw, ond Barabbas.
A’r Barabbas hwnnw oedd leidr.
18:40
Then cried they all again, saying, Not this man, but Barabbas. Now Barabbas was
a robber
PENNOD 19
19:1 Yna gan hynny y cymerodd Peilat yr Iesu, ac a’i fflangellodd
ef.
19:1
::Then Pilate therefore took Jesus, and scourged him.
19:2 A’r milwyr a blethasant goron o ddrain, ac a’i gosodasant ar ei ben
ef, ac a roesant wisg o borffor amdano;
19:2 And
the soldiers platted a crown of thorns, and put it on his head, and they put on
him a purple robe,
19:3 Ac a ddywedasant, Henffych well, Brenin yr Iddewon; ac a roesant iddo
gernodiau.
19:3 And
said, Hail, King of the Jews! and they smote him with their hands.
19:4 Peilat gan hynny a aeth allan drachefn, ac a ddywedodd wrthynt, Wele
yr wyf fi yn ei ddwyn ef allan i chwi, fel y gwypoch nad wyf fi yn cael ynddo
ef un bai.
19:4
Pilate therefore went forth again, and saith unto them, Behold, I bring him
forth to you, that ye may know that I find no fault in him.
19:5 Yna y daeth yr Iesu allan, yn arwain y goron ddrain, a’r wisg borffor.
A Pheilat a ddywedodd wrthynt, Wele’r dyn.
19:5 Then
came Jesus forth, wearing the crown of thorns, and the purple robe. And Pilate
saith unto them, Behold the man!
19:6 Yna yr archoffeiriaid a’r swyddogion, pan welsant ef, a lefasant, gan
ddywedyd, Croeshoelia, croeshoelia ef. Peilat a ddywedodd wrthynt, Cymerwch
chwi ef, a chroeshoeliwch: canys nid wyf fi yn cael dim bai ynddo.
19:6 When
the chief priests therefore and officers saw him, they cried out, saying,
Crucify him, crucify him. Pilate saith unto them, Take ye him, and crucify him:
for I find no fault in him.
19:7 Yr Iddewon a atebasant iddo, Y mae gennym ni gyfraith, ac wrth ein
cyfraith ni efe a ddylai farw, am iddo ei wneuthur ei hun yn Fab Duw.
19:7 The
Jews answered him, We have a law, and by our law he ought to die, because he
made himself the Son of God.
19:8 A phan glybu Peilat yr ymadrodd hwnnw, efe a ofnodd yn fwy;
19:8 When
Pilate therefore heard that saying, he was the more afraid;
19:9 Ac a aeth drachefn i’r dadleudy, ac a ddywedodd wrth yr Iesu, O ba le
yr wyt ti? Ond ni roes yr Iesu ateb iddo.
19:9 And
went again into the judgment hall, and saith unto Jesus, Whence art thou? But
Jesus gave him no answer.
19:10 Yna Peilat a ddywedodd wrtho, Oni ddywedi di wrthyf fi? oni wyddost
ti fod gennyf awdurdod i’th groeshoelio di, a bod gennyf awdurdod i’th ollwng
yn rhydd?
19:10
Then saith Pilate unto him, Speakest thou not unto me? knowest thou not that I
have power to crucify thee, and have power to release thee?
19:11 Yr Iesu a atebodd, Ni byddai i ti ddim awdurdod arnaf fi, oni bai ei
fod wedi ei roddi i ti oddi uchod: am hynny yr hwn a’m traddodes i ti, sydd fwy
ei bechod.
19:11
Jesus answered, Thou couldest have no power at all against me, except it were
given thee from above: therefore he that delivered me unto thee hath the
greater sin.
19:12 O hynny allan y ceisiodd Peilat ei ollwng ef yn rhydd: ond yr Iddewon
a lefasant, gan ddywedyd, Os gollyngi di hwn yn rhydd, nid wyt ti yn garedig i
Gesar. Pwy bynnag a’i gwnelo ei hun y frenin, y mae yn dywedyd yn erbyn Cesar.
19:12 And
from thenceforth Pilate sought to release him: but the Jews cried out, saying,
If thou let this man go, thou art not Caesar’s friend: whosoever maketh himself
a king speaketh against Caesar.
19:13 Yna Peilat, pan glybu’r ymadrodd hwn, a ddug allan yr Iesu; ac a
eisteddodd ar yr orseddfainc, yn y lle a elwir y Palmant, ac yn Hebraeg,
Gabbatha.
19:13
When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he brought Jesus forth, and sat down
in the judgment seat in a place that is called the Pavement, but in the Hebrew,
Gabbatha.
19:14 A darpar-ŵyl y pasg oedd hi, ac ynghylch y chweched awr: ac efe
a ddywedodd wrth yr Iddewon, Wele eich Brenin.
19:14 And
it was the preparation of the passover, and about the sixth hour: and he saith
unto the Jews, Behold your King!
19:15 Eithr hwy a lefasant, Ymaith ag ef, ymaith ag ef, croeshoelia ef.
Peilat a ddywedodd wrthynt, A groeshoeliaf fi eich Brenin chwi? A’r
archoffeiriaid a atebasant, Nid oes i ni frenin ond Cesar.
19:15 But
they cried out, Away with him, away with him, crucify him. Pilate saith unto
them, Shall I crucify your King? The chief priests answered, We have no king
but Caesar.
19:16 Yna gan hynny efe a’i traddodes ef iddynt i’w groeshoelio. A hwy a
gymerasant yr Iesu, ac a’i dygasant ymaith.
19:16
Then delivered he him therefore unto them to be crucified. And they took Jesus,
and led him away.
19:17 Ac efe gan ddwyn ei groes, a ddaeth i le a elwid Lle’r benglog, ac a
elwir yn Hebraeg, Golgotha:
19:17 And
he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which
is called in the Hebrew Golgotha:
19:18 Lle y croeshoeliasant ef, a dau eraill gydag ef, un o bob tu, a’r
Iesu yn y canol.
19:18 Where they crucified him, and
two others with him, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst.
19:19 A Pheilat a ysgrifennodd deitl, ac a’i dododd ar y groes. A’r
ysgrifen oedd, IESU O NASARETH, BRENIN YR IDDEWON.
19:19 And
Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was, JESUS OF
NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS.
19:20 Y teitl hwn gan hynny a ddarllenodd llawer o’r Iddewon; oblegid agos
i’r ddinas oedd y fan lle y croeshoeliwyd yr Iesu: ac yr oedd wedi ei
ysgrifennu yn Hebraeg, Groeg, a Lladin.
19:20
This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was crucified
was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew, and Greek, and Latin.
19:21 Yna archoffeiriaid yr Iddewon a ddywedasant wrth Peilat, Nac
ysgrifenna Brenin yr Iddewon; eithr dywedyd ohono ef, Brenin yr Iddewon ydwyf
fi.
19:21
Then said the chief priests of the Jews to Pilate, Write not, The King of the
Jews; but that he said, I am King of the Jews.
19:22 Peilat a atebodd, Yr hyn a ysgrifennais, a ysgrifennais.
19:22
Pilate answered, What I have written I have written.
19:23 Yna y milwyr, wedi iddynt groeshoelio’r Iesu, a gymerasant ei ddillad
ef, ac a wnaethant bedair rhan, i bob milwr ran; a’i bais ef: a’i bais ef oedd
ddiwnïad, wedi ei gwau o’r cwr uchaf trwyddi oll.
19:23
Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, and made
four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his coat: now the coat was
without seam, woven from the top throughout.
19:24 Hwythau a ddywedasant wrth ei gilydd, Na thorrwn hi, ond bwriwn
goelbrennau amdani, eiddo pwy fydd hi: fel y cyflawnid yr ysgrythur sydd yn
dywedyd, Rhanasant fy nillad yn eu mysg, ac am fy mhais y bwriasant
goelbrennau. A’r milwyr a wnaethant y pethau hyn.
19:24
They said therefore among themselves, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it,
whose it shall be: that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith, They
parted my raiment among them, and for my vesture they did cast lots. These
things therefore the soldiers did.
19:25 Ac yr oedd yn sefyll wrth groes yr Iesu, ei fam ef, a chwaer ei fam
ef, Mair gwraig Cleoffas, a Mair Magdalen.
19:25 Now
there stood by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother’s sister, Mary the
wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene.
19:26 Yr Iesu gan hynny, pan welodd ei fam, a’r disgybl yr hwn a garai efe
yn sefyll gerllaw, a ddywedodd wrth ei fam, O wraig, wele dy fab.
19:26
When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by, whom he
loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son!
19:27 Gwedi hynny y dywedodd wrth y disgybl, Wele dy fam. Ac o’r awr honno allan y cymerodd y
disgybl hi i’w gartref.
19:27
Then saith he to the disciple, Behold thy mother! And from that hour that
disciple took her unto his own home.
19:28 Wedi hynny yr Iesu, yn gwybod fod pob peth wedi ei orffen weithian,
fel y cyflawnid yr ysgrythur, a ddywedodd, Y mae syched arnaf.
19:28
After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the
scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst.
19:29 Yr oedd gan hynny lestr wedi ei osod yn llawn o finegr; a hwy a
lanwasant ysbwng o finegr, ac a’i rhoddasant ynghylch isop, ac a’i dodasant
wrth ei enau ef.
19:29 Now
there was set a vessel full of vinegar: and they filled a sponge with vinegar,
and put it upon hyssop, and put it to his mouth.
19:30 Yna pan gymerodd yr Iesu’r finegr, efe a ddywedodd, Gorffennwyd: a
chan ogwyddo ei ben, efe a roddes i fyny yr ysbryd.
19:30
When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he
bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.
19:31 Yr Iddewon gan hynny, fel nad arhoai’r cyrff ar y groes ar y Saboth,
oherwydd ei bod yn ddarpar-ŵyl, (canys mawr oedd y dydd Saboth hwnnw,) a
ddeisyfasant ar Peilat gael torri eu hesgeiriau hwynt, a’u tynnu i lawr.
19:31 The
Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not
remain upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that sabbath day was an high
day,) besought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be
taken away.
19:32 Yna y milwyr a ddaethant, ac a dorasant esgeiriau’r cyntaf, a’r llall
yr hwn a groeshoeliasid gydag ef.
19:32
Then came the soldiers, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other which
was crucified with him.
19:33 Eithr wedi iddynt ddyfod at yr Iesu, pan welsant ef wedi marw eisoes,
ni thorasant ei esgeiriau ef.
19:33 But
when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they brake not his
legs:
19:34 Ond un o’r milwyr a wanodd ei ystlys ef â gwaywffon: ac yn y fan
daeth allan waed a dwfr.
19:34 But
one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came there out
blood and water.
19:35 A’r hwn a’i gwelodd, a dystiolaethodd; a gwir yw ei dystiolaeth; ac
efe a ŵyr ei fod yn dywedyd gwir, fel y credoch chwi.
19:35 And
he that saw it bare record, and his record is true: and he knoweth that he
saith true, that ye might believe.
19:36 Canys y pethau hyn a wnaethpwyd, fel y cyflawnid yr ysgrythur, Ni
thorrir asgwrn ohono.
19:36 For
these things were done, that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him
shall not be broken.
19:37 A thrachefn, ysgrythur arall sydd yn dywedyd, Hwy a edrychant ar yr
hwn a wanasant.
19:37 And
again another scripture saith, They shall look on him whom they pierced.
19:38 Ac ar ôl hyn, Joseff o Arimathea (yr hwn oedd ddisgybl i’r Iesu,
eithr yn guddiedig, rhag ofn yr Iddewon) a ddeisyfodd ar Peilat, gael tynnu i
lawr gorff yr Iesu: a Pheilat a ganiataodd iddo. Yna y daeth efe ac a ddug
ymaith gorff yr Iesu.
19:38 And
after this Joseph of Arimathaea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for
fear of the Jews, besought Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus:
and Pilate gave him leave. He came therefore, and took the body of Jesus.
19:39 A daeth Nicodemus hefyd, (yr hwn ar y cyntaf a ddaethai at yr Iesu o
hyd nos,) ac a ddug fyrr ac aloes yng nghymysg, tua chan pwys.
19:39 And
there came also Nicodemus, which at the first came to Jesus by night, and
brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred pound weight.
19:40 Yna y cymerasant gorff yr Iesu, ac a’i rhwymasant mewn llieiniau,
gydag aroglau, fel y mae arfer yr Iddewon ar gladdu.
19:40
Then took they the body of Jesus, and wound it in linen clothes with the
spices, as the manner of the Jews is to bury.
19:41 Ac yn y fangre lle y croeshoeliasid ef, yr oedd gardd; a bedd newydd
yn yr ardd, yn yr hwn ni ddodasid dyn erioed.
19:41 Now
in the place where he was crucified there was a garden; and in the garden a new
sepulchre, wherein was never man yet laid.
19:42 Ac yno, rhag nesed oedd darpar-ŵyl yr Iddewon, am fod y bedd
hwnnw yn agos, y rhoddasant yr Iesu.
19:42
There laid they Jesus therefore because of the Jews’ preparation day; for the
sepulchre was nigh at hand.
y
groglith the crucifixion verses
2 Dydd Gwener y Groglith
Good Friday ("Friday of the reading about the crucifixion")
:_______________________________.
crogwr
‹krô -gur› masculine noun
PLURAL crogwyr
‹krog -wir›
1 hangman
2 (South Wales) (in children's rhymes) bys y crogwr = ring finger
ETYMOLOGY: (crog- stem of crogi = to hang) + (-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
crombil ‹krom-bil› masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL crombiliau
‹krom-bil-ye›
1 crop or gizzard of a bird
y crombil / y grombil = the gizzard
2 belly
Fe aeth e i lawr i’r dafarn i gael rhyw
ychydig o gwrw yn ei grombil
He went down to the pub to get some beer into his belly
hel yn eich crombil stuff yourself
with food (“gather into your belly”)
3 core = innermost part of something; the depths / bowels / heart /
far interior / recesses (of a place); deep inside (a place)
Daeth hen ŵr o grombil y siop
An old man came out of the recesses of the shop
yng nghrombil y ddaear
in the depths of the earth, in the bowels of the earth, in the core of the
earth
Bachodd bump o fygiau o grombil y
cwpwrdd
He got five mugs from deep inside the cupboard
Fflat newydd sy tua deng munud o waith
cerdded o grombil y ddinas
A new flat which is about ten minutes’ walk from the centre of the city
yng nghrombil y coed deep inside the
woods
mynd i mewn i grombil y llong go
into the bowels of the ship
ETYMOLOGY: “curved skin” (crom,
feminine form of crwm = curved) +
soft mutation + (pil = skin, loose
skin, bird’s crop)
:_______________________________.
cromlech PLURAL cromlechi,
cromlechau ‹KROM
lekh, krom LÊ khi, krom LÊ khe› (feminine
noun)
1 cromlech = stone table, a tomb
in the form of a room made of a stone slab resting horizontally on three or
four stone columns; a standing stone
y gromlech the cromlech
2
Cae'r Gromlech street name in Y Ffôr
(county of Gwynedd)
(“(the) field (of) the cromlech”)
:_______________________________.
cromlin ‹crom -lin› feminine noun
PLURAL cromliniau
‹krom-lin-ye›
1 curve on a graph
y gromlin the curve
2 amgrwm convex
cromlin amgrwm convex line
ceugrwm concave
cromlin geugrwm concave line
ETYMOLOGY: (crom = feminine form of crwm = curved) + soft mutation + (llin = line)
:_______________________________.
cron ‹kron ›
1 adjective feminine form of crwn
(qv) (= round)
Y Waun-gron (“round moorland”) district of Caer-dydd
2 verb cron- root of cronni (= to gather, to collect)
cronfa fund; reservoir
cronfa ddŵr reservoir
cronlyn reservoir
3 adjective The word cronglwyd (=
roof) was formerly cromglwyd, and so the first element is in fact crom,
the feminine form of crwm (= curved)
:_______________________________.
cronglwyd
‹krong-luid› feminine noun
PLURAL cronglwydi
‹krong-lui-di›
1 obsolete roof hurdle
y gronglwyd = the roof hurdle
2 obsolete roof
Genesis 19:8 Wele, yn awr, y mae dwy
ferch gennyf fi, y rhai nid adnabuant wr; dygaf hwynt allan atoch chwi yn awr,
a gwnewch iddynt fel y gweloch yn dda; yn unig na wnewch ddim i’r gwyr hyn;
oherwydd er mwyn hynny y daethant dan gysgod fy nghronglwyd i
Genesis 19:8 Behold now, I have two daughters which have not known man; let me,
I pray you, bring them out unto you, and do ye to them as is good in your eyes:
only unto these men do nothing; for therefore came they under the shadow of my
roof.
Mathew 8:8 A’r canwriad a atebodd ac a
ddywedodd, Arglwydd, nid ydwyf deilwng i ddyfod ohonot dan fy nghronglwyd:
eithr yn unig dywed y gair, a’m gwas a iacheir
Matthew 8:8 The centurion answered and said, Lord, I am not worthy that thou
shouldest come under my roof: but speak the word only, and my servant shall be
healed.
ETYMOLOGY: “curved hurdle” - cronglwyd
‹kro-ngluid›
< “cróng-glwyd” ‹krong-gluid›
< “crón-glwyd” ‹kron-gluid›
<
cromglwyd ‹krom-gluid›
(crom, feminine form of crwm = curved) + soft mutation + (clwyd = hurdle).
(1) There was confusion between crwm /
crom (= curved) and crwn / cron
(= round);
(2) and the combination n-g, as in Bangor became ng, as in llong; another
example of this change is dan|gos (=
to show) (ng-g) which is pronounced dangos
(ng) in the North
:_______________________________.
cronlyn ‹kron -lin› masculine noun
PLURAL cronlynnau
‹kron- lə -ne›
1 reservoir
Cronlyn Pontsticyll Pontsticyll
reservoir
2 Ffordd y Cronlyn street
name, Caerfyrddin
(delw 6994)
Ffordd y Cronlyn, Tanerdy, Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen in August 2003 (during a
Cymdeithas yr Iaith march from North-west Wales to the Welsh capital in the
south-east to demand affordable housing for the low-waged in Welsh communties;
in the Welsh-speaking districts there is acute housing crisis for local people
as a result of the massive immigration of rich incomers (mainly from England)
over the past couple of decades)
ETYMOLOGY: The first noted occurrence of cronlyn
is in the year 1851
(cronn- root of cronni = to gather) + soft mutation
+ (llyn = lake)
More usually ‘reservoir’ is cronfa ddŵr or cronfa
:_______________________________.
cropian ‹KROP yan›
(verb)
1 (North) to drag,
2 (South) to crawl
:_______________________________.
crosewl
‹kro -seul› feminine noun
PLURAL crosewlydd
‹kro-seu-lidh›
(South-east Wales)
1 crossroad; see croesheol
y grosewl the crossroad
Croesheolydd farm south of
Rhiwderin, by the road south-west to Pen-y-lan
(?the local form is surely Crosewlydd)
:_______________________________.
crosol
‹kro -sol› feminine noun
(South-east Wales)
1 crossroad; see croesheol
y grosol = the crossroad
:_______________________________.
croten, crots
‹KRO ten, KROTS› (feminine noun)
1 lass, girl (South Wales)
y groten = the lass
:_______________________________.
crotes,
crotesi ‹KRO tes,
kro TE si› (feminine noun)
1 lass, girl (South Wales)
y grotes = the lass
:_______________________________.
Crouddyn ‹KROI dhin›
1 a local form of the name Creuddyn (qv)
in Ceredigion
Llanbadarn y Creuddyn (parish name) > “Llanbadarn y Crouddyn”
Llanfihangel y Creuddyn (parish name) > “Llanfihangel y Crouddyn”
:_______________________________.
croth,
crothau 1 ‹KROOTH,
KRO the› (feminine noun)
1 womb
y groth = the womb
2 croth
or croth y goes calf (of the
leg)
:_______________________________.
croyw ‹KROI u›
(adjective)
1 (water) fresh, sweet, pure = not salt
dŵr croyw fresh
water
pysgodyn dŵr croyw freshwater fish
llyfrothen dŵr croyw (f), llyfrothod dŵr croyw (Gobio gobio) gudgeon
:_______________________________.
Crucadarn ‹KRI KAA darn›
(masculine noun)
1 village in Powys
Crucadarn < crug cadarn (“strong
hill”, “fortified hill”) (crug = hill) + (cadarn = strong, firm)
:_______________________________.
crud, crudau ‹KRIID, KRI de›
(feminine noun)
1 cradle
y grud = the cradle
:_______________________________.
Crudycastell
‹ kriid-ə-ka-stelh›
1
Street name in the town of Dinbych (county of Dinbych) (“Crud Y Castell”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) cradle (of) the wind”) (crud
= cradle) + (y = the) + ( castell = castle)
:_______________________________.
Crud-y-gwynt
‹ kriid-ə-gwint›
1
house name
2
Street name in
..a/ the town of Dinbych (county of Dinbych) (“Crud Y Gwynt”)
..b/ Mynyddisa (county of Y Fflint) (“Crud Y Gwynt”)
NOTE: Although Crud-y-gwynt is a
more correct spelling, it is normally spelt with the elements separated Crud y Gwynt
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) cradle (of) the wind”) (crud
= cradle) + (y = the) + (gwynt = wind)
:_______________________________.
Crudyrawel
‹ kriid-ə-rau-el›
1
house name
..g/ Pen-y-fai (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (“Crud Yr Awel”)
2
Street name in
..a/ the town of Castell-nedd (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (“Crud Yr
Awel”)
..b/ Clawddnewydd, Rhuthun (county of Dinbych) (“Crud Yr Awel”)
..c/ the town of Dinbych (county of Dinbych) (“Crud Yr Awel”)
..d/ Efail-wen, Clynderwen (county of Caerfyrddin) (“Crud Yr Awel”)
..e/ Gorseinion (county of Abertawe) (“Crud-Yr-Awel”)
..f/ Niwbwrch (county of Ynys Môn) (“Crud Yr Awel”)
..g/ Pen-y-fai (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (“Crud Yr Awel”)
NOTE: Although Crudyrawel is a more
correct spelling, it is normally spelt with the elements separated Crud yr Awel
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) cradle (of) the wind / breeze”) (crud = cradle) + (yr =
the) + (awel = wind / breeze)
:_______________________________.
Crud-yr-haul ‹kriid-ər-HAIL›
1
house name in Tal-y-bont, Conwy
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) cradle (of) the sun”) (crud
= cradle) + (yr = the) + (haul = sun)
:_______________________________.
crug, crugiau
‹KRIIG, KRIG ye› (masculine noun)
1 mound, heap
2 castle mound
3 burial mound, tumulus
4
gwyddgrug (= tumulus, tomb) occurs
in some place names
gwydd, a form of gwedd (= form, aspect, shape; face;
?tomb) + soft mutation + ( crug =
tumulus, hillock)
..a/ Cefnwyrgrug by Aberhosan
(district of Maldwyn, county of Powys) <
cefn yr wyddgrug “(the) hill
(of) the tumulus”
..b/ Gwyddgrug (SN4635) at
Llanfihangel ar Arth (county of Caerfyrddin)
..c/ Y Wyddgrug
(=Y 
yddgrug) at Madrun (county of Gwynedd)
..d/ Y Wyddgrug (=Y 
yddgrug) at Ffordun (district of Maldwyn,
county of Powys)
..e/ Yr Wyddgrug town in the county
of Y Fflint (English name: Mold)
3 Crucadarn (“Crugcadarn”). Villagbe in Powys. See Crucadarn
(delw 6995) Crugiau. Enw tŷ yng Nghorris, Awst 2003. House name, Corris,
2003
:_______________________________.
Crugcadarn ‹KRI KAA darn›
(masculine noun)
1 See Crucadarn
:_______________________________.
crugan
‹ krî-gan› masculine noun
1
mound
There is a “Crugan Avenue” (which would be Coedlan
y Crugan / Coedlan Crugan or Rhodfa’r
Crugan in Welsh) in Baecinmel (SH9880) (county of Conwy)
ETYMOLOGY: “little mound” (crug =
tumulus) + (-an diminutive suffix
added to nouns)
:_______________________________.
Crug Mawr ‹ kriig MAUR›
1
former name of the hill SN2047 in Llangoedmor (Ceredigion) known as Banc y
Warren (qv)
Below the hill there is a farm called Crugmor
Also in stress shift, especially noticeble in place names with an original mawr
/ fawr (= big)
crug-máwr (great heap / mound) > crúg-mawr > crúgmor
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/54234
:_______________________________.
Crugyrefydd
‹ kriig-ər-ê-vidh›
1
Street name in Crymych (county of Penfro) (“Crug Yr Efydd”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) mound (of) the bronze”) (crug = mound) + (yr =
the) + (efydd = bronze)
:_______________________________.
crwban,
crwbanod ‹KRU ban, kru BA nod› (masculine
noun)
1 tortoise
2crwban môr, crwbanod môr ‹kru ban MOOR, kru BA nod MOOR›
sea turtle
:_______________________________.
crwca ‹kru -ka› adjective
NOTE: there is feminine form croca
> groca used after feminine nouns; thought the masculine form crwca > grwca is also used,
as in some examples below.
1
hunchbacked, humpbacked
hen wraig grwca a hunchbacked old
woman
2 crooked, bent
3 trwyn crwca hooked
nose, curved down like an eagle's beak
4 pont grwca humpbacked
bridge
pompren grwca humpbacked footbridge
Rhyd y bompran grwca
Pw welas-ti'n mynd drwa? (= pwy a welaist ti yn mynd drwodd?)
Dy gariad di, lliw blota'r drain, (= lliw blodau’r drain)
Fel cambric main o'r India
Verse in the ‘triban’ style, south-east Wales, 1800s
In standardised Welsh:
Rhyd y bompren groca
Pwy a welaist ti yn mynd drwodd?
Dy gariad di, lliw blodau’r drain
Fel cambric main o’r India
“The ford of the humpbacked footbridge
Who did you see going through?
Your sweetheart, as fair as hawthorn blossom, (“your love of-you, (the) colour
(of) flowers (of) the hawthorn-bushes”)
Like fine cambric cloth from India”
5 ffon groca, plural ffyn crwca curved stick (for games such
as bando or hockey)
6 Cae Crwca field name in
Llangrallo (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) . Field with a mound
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English croke (=
Modern English crook) < Norse krokr
= hook
:_______________________________.
crwm ‹krum› adjective
1 crooked, curved
2 (nose) aquiline, hooked
3 stooping, hunched
4 in masculine compound words or derivative forms as a first element
as crym-
..... (1) cryman = sickle,
reaping hook (-an = suffix)
..... (2) crymedd = curvature (-edd = suffix)
..... (3) crymffast = lad (ffast = unknown element)
..... (4) crymgledd = sabre (“curved
sword”) (cledd = sword)
..... (5) crymlyn = curved valley (glyn = valley)
Also the verb crymu = to bend
5 in feminine compound words as a first element as crom-
..... (1) crombil crop or
gizzard of a bird
(crom = feminine form of crwm = curved) + soft mutation + (pil = skin, loose skin, bird’s crop)
..... (2) cromfach (punctuation)
bracket (bach = hook)
..... (3) cromgell vault,
underground chamber (cell = cell)
..... (4) cromlech burial
chamber (llech = stone slab)
..... (5) cromlin curved line (eg on
a graph) (llin = line)
6 amgrwm convex
cromlin amgrwm convex line
7 ceugrwm concave
cromlin geugrwm concave line
8 cefngrwm crook-backed
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < cèltic
From the same British root: Cornish kromm
(= curved), Breton kromm (= curved),
From the same Celtic root: Irish crom
(= curved).
Greek kramb-, as in krambeê (= plant with wrinkled leaves, i.e.
cabbage)
cf Lowlandic crummock (= stick with
curved end) < Scottish (Gaelic) cromag (= hook)
NOTE: feminine form: crom, plural crymion
:_______________________________.
crwn, crynion
‹KRUN, KRƏN yon› (adjective)
Feminine form: cron / gron
1 round
2 yn grwn ac ar groes
completely (“roundly and contrarily”)
gwadu rhywbeth yn grwn ac ar groes
completely deny something
3 Cae Crwn y cae crwn = the round field
Cae-crwn street name
..a/ Dynfant (county of Abertawe) (“Cae Crwn”)
..b/ Machynlleth (county of Powys) (“Cae Crwn”)
4 (y) Waun-gron (“round moor”)
district in Caer-dydd
5
bwa hanner-crwn semi-circular arch
:_______________________________.
crwner
‹kru -ner› masculine noun
PLURAL crwneriaid
‹kru- ner -yed›
1 coroner = law officer who holds an inquest to investigate deaths
which are suspicious or the result of an accident. Historically he was an
officer of a county or municipality whose function was to keep records of court
cases and to protect royal property. A surviving duty relating to this is
deciding whether or not treasure trove (eg. buried hoards of old coins, grave
artefacts) belongs to the Crown, or to the finder
NOTE: Also colloquially crowner ‹krou-ner›
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English ‹kruu-ner›
crowner < French of England ‹ko-ruu-ner› < corouner official of the Crown
< (coroune = crown) + (-er
agent suffix); < Latin corona (= crown). Modern French couronne (= crown)
:_______________________________.
crwst,
crystiau ‹KRUST,
KRƏST ye› (masculine noun)
1 crust (bread)
:_______________________________.
crwt / crwtyn,
crwts ‹KRUT /
KRU tin, KRUTS› (masculine noun)
1 lad (South Wales)
:_______________________________.
crwth, crythau
‹KRUUTH, KRƏ
the› (masculine noun)
1 fiddle
2
chwarae’r crwth a Rhufain yn llosgi;
also canu crwth tra llosgo Rhufain
fiddle while Rome burns, attend to unimportant matters during an emergency or a
crisis
3 basgrwth double bass
(bas = bass) + soft mutation + (crwth = violin)
Also: dwbl bas
:_______________________________.
crwydr
‹ krui -dir› m
PLURAL crwydrau
‹ krui -dre›
1
(obsolete) sieve
2
wandering
3
(adj) (animal) stray
ci crwydr, pl. cŵn crwydr stray
dog
cath grwydr, cathod crwydr stray cat
4
ar grwydr wandering around
ar grwydr yng Nghasnewydd
wandering around in Casnewydd
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *kreitr-
From the same British root: Cornish kroedr
(= sieve), Breton krouer (= sieve)
< kroezr
From the same Indoeuropean root: Latin cribrum
(= sieve), English riddle < Old English hriddel < hridder
:_______________________________.
crwydro ‹KRUI dro›
(verb)
1 to wander
:_______________________________.
crwyn ‹kruin›
1 skins; plural form of croen
:_______________________________.
crwynwr ‹krui -nur› masculine noun
PLURAL crwynwyr
‹kruin-wir›
1 dealer in furs
ETYMOLOGY: (crwyn = fur) + (-wr agent suffix)
:_______________________________.
crwys
‹kruis› feminine noun
South Wales
1 obsolete (as either a
feminine or a masculine noun) y grwys
/ y crwys = the cross, the crucifix
2 obsolete y crwys = the crosses, the crucifixes.
The singular noun (crwys = cross)
was later understood as a plural noun (crwys
= crosses), and a new singular form croes
came about, on the analogy of the native words (Welsh < British < Celtic)
.....(1) oen = lamb (plural wyn = lambs), and
.....(2) croen = skin (crwyn = skins).
3 There are some place names in South Wales with crwys (though whether it is used as a
singular or a plural form is unclear in some cases)
(1) Y Crwys (county of Abertawe)
(“the crosses”) (English name: Three Crosses)
(2) Pant-y-crwys (Craig-cefn-parc,
county of Abertawe) (“(the) hollow (of) the crosses / the cross”) (The poet Crwys (William Crwys Williams
1875-1968) was from Craig-cefn-parc),
(3) Bwlch-crwys (by Aber-porth,
county of Ceredigion) (= bwlch y crwys, “(the) gap (of) the crosses / the
cross”)
(4) Heol y Crwys (“(the) road (of)
Crwys farm”) (qv). A street in Caer-dydd, from the name of a farm now
demolished probably at the site of a cross marking a parish boundary
3 Also the saying tan eich crwys (again it is unclear
whether it is used as a singular or a plural form) = laid out before burial
(literally “under your cross”; that is, ‘with a crucifix placed on the corpse’;
or possibly ‘under your crossed arms’)
In "Hanes y Byd a’r
Amseroedd" (History of the World and the Ages) (1718, 1721), the author
Simon Thomas states:
Fe ddywedir pan fo farw un, fod y cyfryw
un "dan ei grwys" Canys felly yr oedd y Ddefod gynt, sef, wneuthur
Crwys (hynny yw Croes)... a’i gosod a’r {sic} y Corph hyd
oni osodid mewn daiar :
It is said, when one dies, that such a person is "dan ei grwys" (under his cross). For thus was the practice formerly, that is, to
make a "crwys" (that is, a
cross)... and put it on the body until it might be placed in the ground
Studies in Welsh Grammar and Philology / Samuel J. Evans / Caerdydd / no date
(1925?) (Tudalen / Page 222)
Dan ei grwys, literally ‘under his cross’ is a familiar expression in South-west
Wales for a body between death and burial. The phrase is to be explained by
reference to the habit of placing a cross over the corpse to prevent the
approach of the Evil One, who might otherwise spirit it away, (Tudalen /
Page 63) "Y mae dan ei grwys" is a familiar expression in South-west Wales for a body between death
and burial. The expression recalls a Roman Catholic custom.
Also: tan y crwys = under the
crosses (or the cross), tan grwys = under
crosses (or a cross)
ETYMOLOGY: Latin crux (= cross) >
British *kruks > Welsh ‹*krughs› > ‹kruis›.
The usual modern Welsh word for cross, croes,
is a reworking of crwys, since this
resembles a plural form in words of Celtic origin –
oen - wyn (lamb - lambs),
croen - crwyn (skin - skins),
and so a singular form with oe came
about, and crwys in the main then
had a plural sense.
From the same British root *kruks:
Breton kroas (= cross), Cornish krows (= cross, from Old Cornish krois, which should have given kros - the form krows is unexpected and unusual)
:_______________________________.
Y Crwys
‹ə kruis›
1 SS5794 locality in the county of Abertawe, literally ‘the
crosses’. The English call it ‘Three Crosses’.
:_______________________________.
crych ‹kriikh›
masculine noun
PLURAL crychiau
‹krəkh -ye›
1 ripple, ripplet
(South Wales) berwi yn grychiau >
berwi’n griche boil furiously
2 rough water in a river, a shallow
3 ripple = fault in a slate
4 curly-top = somebody with curly hair
Crych Elen (“curly-hair (from Dolydd)
Elen”) was the pseudonym of poet Thomas Lloyd (1841-1909). Born in Liverpool,
his father was English and his mother was from Dolwyddelan, and on the death of
his father he went to live with his grandmother at Tyn-y-fron, Dolwyddelan.
(Dolwyddelan is “dôl Wyddelan” = the meadow of Gwyddelan, but a popular
interpretation was “dolydd Elen” = the meadows of Elen, wife of Macsen Wledig).
He was the author of a song popular in the late 1800s, Y Bwthyn Bach To Gwellt (the little thatched cottage). He later
emigrated to the USA, and is buried in Fair View Cemetery, Slatington,
Pennsylvania. See the article in Welsh “Cerddor o Gymro yn cael ei gofio ar y
We” (“Welsh musician commemorated on the Web”) / Iwan Hughes / Y Faner Newydd
15 / Blwyddyn 2000 / tt32-33
ETYMOLOGY: from the adjective crych
(= wrinkled, curly)
NOTE: The base form of the Southern Welsh plural is crychau, with -au
instead of -iau;
..a/ Colloquially a penult y ‹i›, instead of becoming y ‹ə›, remains, hence crichau;
..b/ Final -au is ‹e› in the south-west, ‹a› in the south-east. Hence criche / cricha
:_______________________________.
crych ‹kriikh›
adjective
1 rippling, swirling, agitated, rough,
violent
ffrwd grech stream with churning
water
There is a road called “Ffrwdgrech Road” (which in Welsh would be Heol Ffrwd-grech) in Aberhonddu (county
of Powys)
:_______________________________.
crychdon ‹krəkh-don› feminine noun
PLURAL crychdonnau ‹krəkh-do-ne›
1 ripple
ETYMOLOGY: (crych- ‹ə› penult syllable form of crych ‹ii› = ripple) +
soft mutation + (ton = wave)
:_______________________________.
crychdonni ‹krəkh-do-ni› verb
1 to ripple
tanc crychdonni (Physics) ripple tank
ETYMOLOGY: (crychdonn-
penult syllable form of crychdon = ripple) + (-i suffix for
forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
cryd ‹KRIID›
(masculine noun)
PLURAL crydiau ‹KRƏD-yai, -ye›
1 trembling, shivering, shuddering
hala cryd ar make somebody’s spine shiver (“send a shuddering on”)
hala tipyn o gryd ar send a shiver down somebody’s spine, make
somebody’s spine shiver (“send a bit of a shuddering on”)
Mae gweld nadredd yn hala tamed o gryd arna i
Seeing snakes sends a shiver down my spine
2 fever, ague
cryd cymalau / cricymylau rheumatism < cryd y cymylau “fever of the joints”
cryd poeth burning fever
Deuteronium 28:22 Yr ARGLWYDD a'th dery â darfodedigaeth, ac â chryd poeth, ac â
llosgfa, ac â gwres, ac â chleddyf, ac â diflaniad, ac â mallter; â hwy a'th
ddilynant nes dy ddifetha
Deuteronomy 28:22 The LORD
shall smite thee with a consumption, and with a fever, and with an
inflammation, and with an extreme burning, and with the sword, and with
blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou perish.
crynfa o’r cryd (obsolete) an attack of the shakes (from a fever) (“a
shivering from the fever”)
crynfa’r cryd (obsolete) an attack of the shakes (from a fever) (“(the)
shivering (of) the fever”)
(::a)ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *krit-
From the same British root:
Cornish krys (= trembling, shivering), Breton kridienn (=
shudder, shiver)
From the same Celtic root: Irish crith (= shudder, shiver)
:_______________________________.
crydd,
cryddion ‹KRIIDH,
KRƏDH yon› (masculine noun)
1 shoemaker, cobbler
:_______________________________.
cryf, cryfion
‹KRIIV, KRƏV
yon› (adjective)
1 strong
2 esgidiau cryfion =
stout shoes
3 cystadleuaeth am y cryfaf
a competiton to see who’s the strongest, a trial of strength
4 y rhyw gref (= men) the
stronger sex (“the strong sex”)
cryfion ‹krəv
-yon› adj
1 plural form of cryf =
strong
esgidiau cryfion = stout shoes
ETYMOLOGY: (cryf = strong ) + (-ion suffix for forming plurals of
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
crygu ‹KRƏ gi›
(verb)
1 grow hoarse; have a frog in your throat
:_______________________________.
cryman
‹krə -man› masculine noun
PLURAL crymanau ‹krə- ma -ne›
1 sickle, reaping hook; implement with a curved blade for cutting
grass or corn
2 bill, hook; implement with a long blade and a hooked point for
cutting thorn hedges
3 sickle = symbol of agricultural labour on Communist insignia; y morthwl a’r cryman the hammer and the
sickle
4 comparison: mor gam â
chryman said of something bent, such as a person’s back ("as crooked
as a sickle")
5 comparison: ar ffurf cryman
in the shape of a sickle
heol ar ffurf cryman a sickle-shaped
street, a crescent-shaped street
6 South-west Wales dalen gryman (indefinite form), dalen y cryman (definite form) plantago lanceolata ribwort plantain
Welsh cryman (crym-, penult form of crwm =
curved) + (-an)
From the same British root: Cornish krommenn
(= sickle), Breton krommenn (=
curve)
From the same Celtic root: Irish cromán =
(‹anatomy› hip, ‹mechanics› crank)
:_______________________________.
crymanbig ddu
‹krə- man -big dhii›
feminine noun
PLURAL crymanbigau du / duon ‹krə-man-bi-ge dii, krə-man-bi-ge dî-on›
1 Ornithology; plegadis
falcinellus = glossy ibis
y grymanbig = the ibis
ETYMOLOGY: "black sickle-beak" (cryman
= sickle) + soft mutation + (pig =
beak)
:_______________________________.
cryman cau
‹krə -man kâi› masculine noun
1 hedging bill, hedging hook
ETYMOLOGY: "sickle (for) making-a-hedge" (cryman = sickle) + (cau =
to close, to enclose, to make a hedge)
:_______________________________.
cryman medi
‹krə -man mê -di›
masculine noun
1 reaping hook
ETYMOLOGY: "sickle (of) reaping" (cryman = sickle) + (medi =
to reap)
:_______________________________.
cryman perthi
‹krə -man per -thi›
masculine noun
South Wales
1 hedging bill, hedging hook
ETYMOLOGY: "sickle (of) hedges" (cryman
= sickle) + (perthi = hedges)
:_______________________________.
cryman taro
‹krə -man tâ -ro›
masculine noun
North Wales
1 reaping hook
ETYMOLOGY: "sickle (of) knocking / hitting" (cryman = sickle) + (taro =
to knock, to hit)
:_______________________________.
crymedd
‹krə -medh› masculine noun
PLURAL crymeddau ‹krə- mê -dhe›
1 curvature = the curved part of something
crymedd y ddaear = the curvature of
the earth
ETYMOLOGY: (crym-, penult form of crwm = curved) + (-edd)
:_______________________________.
crymffast
‹krəm -fast› masculine noun
PLURAL crymffastiau ‹krəm- fast -ye›
North Wales
1 boy; pan oeddan ni’n
grwmffastiau when we were boys
2 crymffastiau boys; boys
and girls
3 crymffast o hogyn big
strapping lad, big strong lad
4 lout; y crymffast digywilydd!
the cheeky lout! you cheeky lout!
5 large young sheep
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh crymffast < crynffast
(cryn-, penult form of crwn = round) + (ffast, unknown element)
VARIANTS: crwmffast, crynffast,
crwmffost
:_______________________________.
crymffastes
‹krəm- fas -tes›
feminine noun
PLURAL crymffastesau ‹krəm- fas - te -se›
North Wales
1 girl, lass; strapping lass
y grymffastes = the lass
ETYMOLOGY: (crymffast = boy) + (es, suffix to denote a female)
:_______________________________.
crymgledd
‹krəm -gledh› masculine noun
PLURAL crymgleddyfau ‹krəm-gle- dhə -ve›
1 (USA: saber) (Englandic: sabre) = sword with a curved blade
ETYMOLOGY: (crym-, penult form of crwm = curved) + soft mutation + (cledd = sword)
:_______________________________.
Y Crymlyn
‹ə krəm -lin›
1 (ST2198) locality in the county of Caerffili (Anglicised as
"Crumlin");
Population 1961: 4,967 (3% Welsh speakers)
2 also north-west of Heol-y-cyw (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) there
is Nant Crymlyn SS9583, Blaen Crymlyn, and a farm called Blaencrymlyn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1019689
Nant Crymlyn
(“The Geograph
British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs
and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
3 Crymlyn farm west of Y
Sgiwen (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
By here, according to English-language maps, are
“Crymlyn Brook” (?Nant Crymlyn)
“Crymlyn Bog” (Cors Crymlyn)
“Crymlyn Road” between Y Sgiwen and
Winsh-wen (?Heol Crymlyn)
“Crymlyn Parc”, in Y Sgiwen (?Parc Crymlyn)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS6995
4
Crymlyn farm name, Abergwyngregyn
SH6572 (county of Conwy), mentioned in the 1851 Census
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH6572 Abergwyngregyn
ETYMOLOGY: (crym-, penult form of crwm = curved) + soft mutation + (glyn = valley)
:_______________________________.
cryn ‹KRIN› (adverb)
1 considerable
Mae cryn daith o’n blaenau We
have a long way to go (“there is a considerable journey before us”)
Mae cryn bellter o’n blaenau We have
a long way to go (“there is a considerable distance before us”)
Mae cryn siwrnai o’n blaenau We have
a long way to go (“there is a considerable journey before us”)
2 gyda chryn drafferth with great
difficulty
bod cryn le i wella ar (rywbeth)
leave a lot to be desired (“to be a considerable place to improve on
something”)
3 cryn
dipyn quite a bit
darllen cryn dipyn am read quite a bit about
4 cryn dipyn o quite a bit of
clywed cryn dipyn o
Gymraeg hear
quite a bit of Welsh
bod yn gryn dipyn o gybydd be
a real miser, be a real skinflint
5 gryn
dipyn (adverbial) considerably,
much, very much, quite a bit
There is soft mutation cryn
dipyn > gryn dipyn because of
its adverbial function
Lleihaodd nifer yr aelodau gryn dipyn The membership dropped quite a bit
Adjectives are introduced by the linking yn:
Mae hi gryn dipyn yn dwymach
heddiw It’s a lot warmer today
bod gryn dipyn yn oerach be
much colder, quite a bit colder
bod gryn dipyn yn well be a
lot better
bod gryn dipyn yn uwch be a
lot higher
bod gryn dipyn yn llai be a
lot less
bod gryn dipyn yn fwy be a
lot more
6 o gryn dipyn by quite a bit
bod yn well eu byd o gryn dipyn
be considerably wealthier / better off
:_______________________________.
crynfryn ‹krən -vrin› masculine noun
1 round hill
(1) Rhes Crynfryn street name,
Aberystwyth (county of Ceredigion) (rhes
= row of houses)
(2) Crynfryn farm 2km
south-south-west of Cynwyl Elfed (county of Caerfyrddin)
ETYMOLOGY: (cryn-, penult form of crwn = round) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill)
:_______________________________.
crynhói ‹krə NHOI›
(verb)
1 collect
:_______________________________.
crynoder ‹krə- nô -der› masculine noun
1 conciseness
ETYMOLOGY: (cryno = concise) + (-der suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
crynu ‹krə
ni› (vi)
1 (vi) shake, shudder (from fear, cold)
Rw i’n crynu i gyd (‘I’m shaking
all’) I’m shaking all over
also in the South cyrnu ‹kər ni›, a form showing metathesis
:_______________________________.
crys, crysau ‹KRIIS, KRƏ se› (masculine noun)
1 shirt
2 gwregys belt
crys (= shirt) >
*gwogrys (= “under-shirt”) (prefix gwo-,
from the Old Welsh preposition gwo = under) >
*gwagrys (a takes the place
of o; in certain other words with an original gwo- this gwa- survives
in modern Welsh – e.g. gwaredu = to get rid of) >
*gwegrys (vowel affection; a >
e because of the i in the final syllable) >
*gwregys metathesis, GR >
R-vowel-G
:_______________________________.
crys dur
‹kriis diir› masculine
noun
PLURAL crysau
dur ‹krə-se
diir›
1 hauberk = tunic of chain mail
ETYMOLOGY: ‘shirt (of) steel’ (crys
= shirt) + (dur = steel)
:_______________________________.
crys nos ‹kriis NOOS›
(masculine noun)
1 nightshirt (men)
:_______________________________.
crysbais,
crysbeisiau ‹KRƏ
sbes, krə SPEIS ye› (feminine noun)
1 vest
:_______________________________.
crysbais weu,
crysbeisiau gweu ‹KRƏ
sbes WEI, krə SPEIS ye GWEI› (feminine
noun)
1 (Englandic: woollen vest)
:_______________________________.
crystyn,
crystiau ‹KRƏ
stin, KRƏST ye› (masculine noun)
1 crust
:_______________________________.
crythwr ‹krə -thur› masculine
noun
PLURAL crythwyr ‹krəth -wir›
1 ’crwth’ player, someone who plays a ‘crwth’, fiddler
ETYMOLOGY: (cryth-, penult form of crwth = fiddle) + (-wr agent suffix)
:_______________________________.
Y Cryw ‹ø kriu›
1 SJ3215 village in Powys. English
name: Crewgreen
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/924677
:_______________________________.
c-t
< g-d
dicter anger
(dig [diig] = angry) + soft
mutation + (-ter suffix for forming
abstract nouns) > *digder > dicter (g-d > c-t)
gwacter emptiness
(gwag [gwaag] = empty) + soft
mutation + (-ter suffix for forming
abstract nouns) > *gwagder > gwacter (g-d > c-t)
:_______________________________.
CTCC ‹ek-ti-ek-EK›
cámera teledu cylch cyfyng
CCTV, closed circuit TV camera
(delw 7360) (Gorsaf Abertawe / Swansea Station, Awst
2006)
:_______________________________.
ctn.
1 abbreviation = cytundeb
:_______________________________.
cu ‹KII› adj
1 dear,
beloved
ein Ceidwad cu our dear Saviour
Iesu cu dear Jesus
cyfaill cu bosom friend
As a noun
y cu (m) the beloved one
y gu (f) the beloved one
Deuteronomium 21:15-16
15 Pan fyddo i ŵr ddwy wraig, un yn
gu, ac un yn gas; a phlanta o’r gu a’r gas feibion iddo ef, a bod y mab
cyntaf-anedig o’r un gas:
16 Yna bydded, yn y dydd y rhanno efe ei
etifeddiaeth rhwng ei feibion y rhai fyddant iddo, na ddichon efe wneuthur yn
gyntaf-anedig fab y gu o flaen mab y gas, yr hwn sydd gyntaf-anedig;
Deuteronomy 21:15-16
15: If a man have two wives, one beloved, and another hated, and they
have born him children, both the beloved and the hated; and if the firstborn
son be hers that was hated:
16: Then it shall be, when he maketh his sons to inherit that which he hath,
that he may not make the son of the beloved firstborn before the son of the
hated, which is indeed the firstborn:
2 cu gan beloved by
Roedd ei wyres fach yn gu iawn ganddo He was very fond of his little
granddaughter (“very loved by him”)
Samuel-2 1:26 Gofid sydd arnaf amdanat ti, fy mrawd Jonathan: cu iawn fuost gennyf fi:
rhyfeddol oedd dy gariad tuag ataf fi, tu hwnt i gariad gwragedd.
Samuel-2 1:26 I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan: very pleasant hast
thou been unto me: thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women
3 cuedd love, affection
amguedd dear things; property, wealth, treasure;
amgueddfa museum
4 (South Wales)
mam-gu grandmother (“beloved mother”)
tad-gu grandfather (“beloved father”)
5 Final element in the given names Dyddcu / Dyddgu (f), Lleucu
(f)
ETYMOLOGY: cu < cuf < British < Celtic *koim-
From the same British root: Cornish kuv, Breton kuv
:_______________________________.
cudd ‹kiidh› masculine
noun
1 concealment; hiding place
cadw yn y cudd stay in hiding, keep a low profile, keep your head
down, try not to draw attention (“keep in the hiding”)
bod ynghûdd be hidden
2 (adjective) hidden, secret =
ndeclared, not told to anybody
Bu'n uchelgais gudd gennyf ymuno â’r llynges fasnachol
It was a secret ambition of mine to join the merchant navy
3 secret = undercover, clandestine; used hidden methods
cudd-weithredwr secret agent
heddlu cudd secret police
gwasanaeth cudd secret service
4 neidr
gudd snake in the grass, treacherous person (“hidden snake”)
ETYMOLOGY: British; also in
Breton kuzh (= hidden; hiding place) (e-kuzh = in secret)
:_______________________________.
cudd-deithio ‹kiidh-deith-io› verb
1 stow away = hide in a ship or a plane in order to travel without
paying
ETYMOLOGY: (cudd = secret, hidden )
+ soft mutation + ( teitho = to
travel)
:_______________________________.
cudd-deithiwr ‹kiidh-deith-yur› masculine noun
PLURAL cudd-deithwyr
‹kiidh-deith-wir›
1 stowaway = a person who hides in a ship or a plane in order to
travel without paying the fare
ETYMOLOGY: (cudd = secret, hidden )
+ soft mutation + ( teithiwr =
traveller)
:_______________________________.
cuddio ‹KUDH yo›
(verb)
1 to hide
2 Ofer cuddio’ch pen yn y
tywod It’s no use hiding your head in the sand (from the erroneous belief
that when danger threatens an ostrich buries its head in the sand in order to
ignore the danger)
3 ymguddio hide oneself
:_______________________________.
cuddliw ‹kidh -liu› masculine noun
PLURAL cuddliwiau
‹kidh-liu-ye›
1 camouflage = a form of disguise in which a creature adopts the
colour and texture of its surroundings and appears to be part of them
ETYMOLOGY: (cudd-, stem of cuddio = to hide) + soft mutation + (lliw = color)
:_______________________________.
cuddliwio ‹kidh-liu-yo› verb
1 to camouflage = disguise by adopting the colour and texture of the
surroundings and appearing to be part of them
ETYMOLOGY: (cuddliw = camouflage) +
(-io, suffix for forming a verb)
:_______________________________.
cuddliwiol
‹kidh-liu-yol› adjective
1 apatetic = relating to colouring which hides an animal and
protects it from predators
ETYMOLOGY: (cuddliw = camouflage ) +
(-iol, suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
cudd-weithredwr
‹kiidh weith-rê-dur› masculine
noun
PLURAL cudd-weithredwyr
‹kiidh weith-red-wir›
1 secret agent
ETYMOLOGY: (cudd = secret, hidden )
+ soft mutation + (gweithredwr =
operator)
:_______________________________.
cuddwisg
‹kidh -wisk› feminine noun
PLURAL cuddwisgoedd
‹kidh-wis-kodh›
1 disguise = clothing or make-up to hide the true identity of a
person
y guddwisg the disguise
bod mewn cuddwisg be in disguise
ETYMOLOGY: ‘hide-clothing’ (cudd-,
root of cuddio = to hide) + soft
mutation + (gwisg = dress)
:_______________________________.
cudd-ymchwil
‹kiidh əm-khwil›
masculine noun
1 intelligence = secret information about an enemy
ETYMOLOGY: (cudd = hidden) + (ymchwil = research)
:_______________________________.
cudd-ymchwiliwr
‹kiidh əm-khwil-yur›
masculine noun
PLURAL cudd-ymchwilwyr
‹kiidh əm-khwil-wir›
1 intelligence agent = person who gathers secret information about
an enemy
ETYMOLOGY: (cudd-ymchwil =
intelligence) + (-i-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
cudd-ymosodiad
‹kiidh ə-mo-sod-yâ-de›
masculine noun
PLURAL cudd-ymosodiadau
‹kiidh ə-mo-sod-yad›
1 ambush
ETYMOLOGY: (cudd = hidden) + (ymosodiad = attack)
:_______________________________.
cudyll
‹ki -dilh› masculine noun
PLURAL cudyllod
‹ki- di -lhod›
(North Wales)
1 hawk
ffraeo fel dau gudyll have a violent
row (“dispute like two hawks”)
ETYMOLOGY: (cud = kite) + (-yll). Cud is from English kite
:_______________________________.
cufydd
‹ki-vidh› masculine noun
PLURAL cufyddau ‹ki-və-dhe›
1 cubit = ancient measure of length, the length of the forearm, half
a yard
Daniel 3:1 Nebuchodonosor y brenin a
wnaeth ddelw aur, ei huchder oedd yn drigain cufydd, ei lled yn chwe chufydd;
ac efe a’i gosododd hi i fyny yng ngwastadedd Dura, o fewn talaith Babilon.
Daniel 3:1 Nebuchadnezzar the king made an image of gold, whose height was
threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof six cubits: he set it up in the
plain of Dura, in the province of Babylon.
Genesis 6:14 Gwna i ti arch o goed
Goffer; yn gellau y gwnei yr arch, a phyga hi oddi wrth mewn ac oddi allan â
phyg.
(6:15) Ac fel hyn y gwnei di hi: tri
chan cufydd fydd hyd yr arch, a deg cufydd a degain ei lled, a deg cufydd ar
hugain ei huchder.
Genesis 6:14 Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark,
and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch. (6:15) And this is the
fashion which thou shalt make it of: The length of the ark shall be three
hundred cubits, the breadth of it fifty cubits, and the height of it thirty
cubits.
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cufydd < *cufyd
< British < Latin cubitum
(= elbow, a measure of length using the forearm, from the fingertips to the
elbow)
:_______________________________.
Cuhelyn
‹ki- he -lin› masculine
noun
1 man’s name
Cuhelyn Fardd poet of the early
1100s
2 (legend) Cuhelyn son of
Afarwy, who was son of Lludd, King of Britain, during Roman times
3 street name Maescuhelyn
Llannerch-y-medd (county of Môn) (“Maes Cuhelyn”) (“(the) field (of) Cuhelyn”)
:_______________________________.
cul, PLURAL culion ‹KIIL, KIL yon›
(adjective)
1 narrow
:_______________________________.
culfan
‹kil -van› masculine noun
PLURAL culfannau
‹kil- va -ne›
1 narrow place
Culfan name of a street in
Rhosllannerchrugog (county of Wrecsam)
2 (Medicine) stricture = abnormal narrowing of a duct or passage in
the body
ETYMOLOGY: (cul = narrow) + soft
mutation + (man = place)
:_______________________________.
culfarn
‹kil -varn› feminine noun
PLURAL culfarnau
‹kil- var -ne›
1 bigotry, narrow-mindedness
2
(adjective) bigotted, narrow-minded
ETYMOLOGY: (cul = narrow) + soft
mutation + (barn = opinion)
:_______________________________.
culfedd
‹kil -vedh› masculine noun
PLURAL culfeddau
‹kil-vê-dhe›
1 (literary word) narrow grave
Fe ddaw hon o’i chulfedd unig - yn
gorph,
Mewn gwisg anllygredig;
Er marw, draw Mary drig,
Yn flodyn dwyfoledig
(from a collection of verses on gravestones in the Ogwen valley - Englynion
Beddau Dyffryn Ogwen - by J Elwyn Hughes, 1979)
She will come from her narrow grave - a body
in spotless dress
In spite of death, Mary will live yonder
A sanctified flower
ETYMOLOGY: (cul = narrow) + soft
mutation + (bedd = grave)
:_______________________________.
culfor ‹kil -vor› masculine noun
PLURAL culforoedd
‹kil- vô -rodh›
1 strait = narrow stretch of water joining two areas of sea
Abbreviation on maps: Cf
2 In geographical names
..1/ Culfor Bab el Manddeb between
Djibouti and Yemen, leading into the Red Sea from the Gulf of Aden
..2/ Culfor Dofr the Straits of
Dover, between Dover in England and Calais in the French state
..3/ Culfor Melaka Malacca Strait
between Malaysia and Sumatra
..4/ Gwladféydd y Culfor Straits
Settlements = a former English colony made up of Singapore, Penang, Malacca,
Labuan and other islands
3 In Casllwchwr in the county of Abertawe there is a road called
“Culfor Road” (which would be Heol y
Culfor in Welsh)
ETYMOLOGY: “narrow sea” (cul =
narrow) + soft mutation + ( môr =
sea)
:_______________________________.
Culhwch ac
Olwen ‹KIL hukh
ag OL wen› (masculine noun)
1 See: Mabinogion ‹ma
bi NOG yon›
:_______________________________.
Cumru
1
Name of a township in Berks County, Pennsylvania. Pronounced in English as ‹KUM-ru› [ˡkʊmrʊ]
The first landowner was Hugh Jones, who bought 1,000 acres of land in
Cumru Township in Lancaster County in the year 1732. (Berks County was formed
out of Lancaster County in 1752)
A form of Cymru ‹KƏM-ri› [ˡkəmrɪ] (= Wales), with the spelling of the vowel of the first
syllable changed to “u”.
..a/ Although “y” is the obscure vowel (“mid central unrounded vowel”) , which
also exists in English of course, there is no special symbol for it in English.
Since the letter “u” in English can represent the half-open unrounded vowel
between back and front (phonetic symbol - an inverted “v”) (as in run, sun,
hunt, etc) has almost the same sound, in Anglicising spellings of Welsh place
names it is often seen. Examples from Wales are Crymlyn > “Crumlyn” (curved valley), Dyffryn > “Duffryn” (= valley).
..b/ Another consideration is that the obscure vowel does not occur in a tonic
syllable in English, and is considered an unnatural pronunciation.
..c/ The final u of “Cymru / Cumru”,
pronounced as ‹i› [ɪ] in South Wales (and a variant ‹i› [ɪ] sound in the north)
has been reinterpreted as English “u”. If the place name had been spelt “Cumri”
in English it would have retained more of the original Welsh pronunciation.
See Cymru
:_______________________________.
cun ‹KIIN› [kiːn]
1 (literary word) fine, pleasant; dear, beloved
ETYMOLOGY: From Celtic. In Gaulish there was a personal name (Latinised as Counus) which contains this element
A related word is German schön (=
beautiful)
:_______________________________.
Cunllo ‹KIN-lho› [ˡkɪnɬɔ]
masculine noun
1 See Cynllo
:_______________________________.
cunnog
‹KI-nog› [ˡkɪnɔg] feminine noun
PLURAL cunogau
‹ki-NOO-gai, -e› [kɪˡnoˑgaɪ,
-ɛ]
North Wales
1 milking pail
y gunnog = the pail
ETYMOLOGY: probably from Irish; in modern Irish cuinneóg ‹KIN-yoog› [kɪn’ɔːg] (= churn)
VARIANTS: there is also a diminutive form: cunogyn
masculine noun ‹ki-NOO-gin› [kɪˡnoˑgɪn]
:_______________________________.
cunnog laeth
‹KI-nog LAITH› [ˡkɪnɔg
ˡlaɪθ] feminine noun
PLURAL cunogau
llaeth ‹ki-NOO-gai,
-ge, LHAITH› [kɪˡnoˑgai, -ɛ ˡɬaɪθ]
North Wales
1 milking pail
ETYMOLOGY: (cunnog = pail) + soft
mutation + (llaeth = milk)
:_______________________________.
cunnog odro
‹KI-nog O-dro› [ˡkɪnɔg
ˡɔdrɔ] feminine noun
PLURAL cunogiaid
godro ‹ki-NOO-gai,
-ge, GO-dro› [kɪˡnoˑgai, -ɛ ˡgɔdrɔ]
North Wales
1 milking pail
ETYMOLOGY: (cunnog = pail) + soft
mutation + (godro = to milk)
:_______________________________.
cunogyn
‹ki-NOO-gin› [kɪˡnoˑgɪn] masculine noun
See: cunnog
:_______________________________.
cupreswydden
‹ki-pres-WƏ-dhen› [kɪprɛsˡwəðɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL cupreswydd
‹ki-PRES-widh› [kɪˡprɛswɪð]
1 cypress
y gupreswydden = the cypress
ETYMOLOGY: (cupres- cypress tree) + soft mutation + (gwydden = tree); < Latin
cyparrisus < Greek kuparissos
:_______________________________.
Cupros ‹KI-pros› [ˡkɪprɔs] feminine noun
1 Cyprus
ETYMOLOGY: Greek Kŷpros
:_______________________________.
cur ‹KIIR› [kiːr] masculine noun
PLURAL curiau
‹KIR-yai, -ye› [ˡkɪrjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 North Wales pain
2 North Wales cur yn y pen headache;
Mae gen i gur yn y pen I’ve got a
headache ("I’ve got a pain in the head")
3 throbbing
4 obsolete battle
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cur < British < Latin cûra (= care,
attention, treatment);
From the same British root: Breton kur =
beating, hitting
:_______________________________.
curad
‹KII-rad› [ˡkiˑrad] masculine noun
PLURAL curadiaid
‹ki-RAD-yaid, -yed› [kɪˡradjaɪd,
-ɛd]
1 in the Anglican church, curate = deputy to a parish priest (a
vicar or a rector)
2 Anglican clergyman who has charge of a parish; also curad mewn gofal (curate-in-charge);
ETYMOLOGY: adaptation of Middle English curat
(modern English curate) < Latin cûrâtus
< cûra (= spiritual care)
VARIANTS: Also ciwrad
:_______________________________.
curadiaeth
‹ki-RAD-yaith, -yeth› [kɪˡradjaɪθ,
-ɛθ] feminine noun
PLURAL curadiaethau
‹ki-rad-YEI-thai, -e› [kɪradˡjəɪθaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 curacy, the position of a curate
y guradiaeth = the curacy
Daliodd guradiaeth Llanegryn am chwarter
canrif
He had the curacy of Llanegryn for a quarter of a century
ETYMOLOGY: (curad = curate) + (-iaeth)
:_______________________________.
curadur
‹ki-RAA-dir› [kɪˡrɑˑdɪr] masculine noun
PLURAL curaduron,
curaduriaid
‹ki-ra-DII-ron,-ki-ra-DIR-yaid,
-yed›
[kɪraˡdiˑrɔn,kɪraˡdɪrjaɪd,
-ɛd]
1 curator = person in charge of the exhibits in a museum or in an
art gallery; can be, but is not necessarily, the museum director
ETYMOLOGY: adaptation of the Latin word curator
(used in English in the sense of museum director / museum administrator),
according to changes which loans from Latin via British into Welsh underwent; cûrâtor = person who takes charge
< cûrâre = take charge < cûra = charge, care
:_______________________________.
curfa
‹KIR-va› [ˡkɪrva] feminine noun
PLURAL curféydd,
curfaoedd ‹kir-VEIDH,
kir-VAA-oidh, -odh› [kɪrˡvəɪð,
kɪrˡvɑˑɔɪð, -ɔð]
North Wales
1 thrashing, beating
y gurfa = the thrashing
2 beating = act of beating
3 punishment, a beating as a punishment
cael curfa = be beaten as a
punishment
4 thrashing = defeat;
cael curfa iawn get a sound
thrashing, be soundly defeated (e.g. team in a rugby game)
ETYMOLOGY: (cur-, stem of curo = hit, beat) + (-fa suffix = action)
:_______________________________.
Curig ‹KII-rig› [ˡkiˑrɪg] (masculine noun)
1 man’s name; Llangurig - village in Powys
:_______________________________.
curn ‹KIRN› [kɪrn] feminine noun
PLURAL curnau,
cyrnau ‹KIR-nai,
-e, KƏR-nai, -e› [ˡkɪr–naɪ, -nɛ, ˡkərnaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 heap, mound, stack (such as a heap of stones, potatoes, straw,
pyramidical in shape)
2 (obsolete) cyrnennu ŷd
to stack corn
3 (obsolete) church spire
4 (place names) cone-shaped hill
There are three cone-shaped hills in the county of Gwynedd with curn
Y Gurn Goch the red peak
Y Gurn Ddu the black peak
Y Gurn Las the green peak
5 Y Cyrnau Place
north-west of Pen-y-wal farm on the road from Y Graig-wen (ST0690),
Pont-y-pridd, to Llanwynno (ST0295) (Rhondda Cynon Taf)
NOTE:
..a/ alternative spelling (less correct) curn
> cyrn
..b/ diminutive forms:
….1 with suffix -en : cyrnen (f), PLURAL cyrnennau
….2 with suffix –yn : cyrnyn (m), PLURAL cyrnynnau
….3 with plural suffix -os
(diminutives formed by adding -os to
a feminine noun behave as feminine singular nouns after the definite article –
there is soft mutation)
Curnos - found in place names in south Wales
........................................curnos > Y Gurnos
........................................cyrnos > Y Gyrnos
........................................ceirnos > Y Geirnos
ETYMOLOGY: ??
Cf. Breton kern (= peak; point; top
of the head; tonsure; hopper in a mill, crown of a hat)
:_______________________________.
curnos
‹KIR-nos› [ˡkɪrnɔs] plural
1 small heaps, small mounds, little mounds
With plural suffix -os (diminutives
formed by adding -os to a feminine
noun behave as feminine singular nouns after the definite article – there is
soft mutation)
curnos > Y Gurnos (found
in place names in south Wales)
ETYMOLOGY: (curn = pile, heap) + (-os suffix for forming diminutives of
collective nouns, especially those of certain plants)
:_______________________________.
curo ‹KII-ro› [ˡkiˑrɔ] (verb)
1 to beat = strike, hit repeatedly
curo dwylo ‹KII-ro
DUI-lo› [kiˑrɔ ˡdʊɪlɔ]
to clap hands
curo’ch drwm dros drum up support for
ffon guro drwm drumstick (“stick
(of) beating drum”)
2 to beat = to defeat
curo rhywun ar ei dir ei hun beat someone at his / her own game (“beat
someone on his own land / ground”)
:_______________________________.
cusan,
cusanau ‹KI-san,
ki-SAA-nai, -e› [ˡkɪsan, kɪˡsɑˑnaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 kiss
:_______________________________.
cusanu ‹ki-SAA-ni› [kɪˡsɑˑnɪ]
1 to kiss
cusanu o dan yr uchelwydd ‹ki-SAA-ni o dan ər i-KHEL-widh› [kɪˡsɑˑnɪ
ɔ dan ər ɪˡxɛlwɪð] kiss under the mistletoe
:_______________________________.
’cw (acw) ‹KU› [kʊ] (adverb)
1 over there (clipped form of acw)
:_______________________________.
cwar ‹KWAR› [kwar] masculine noun
PLURAL cwarrau,
cwerrydd ‹KWA-rai,
-e, KWE-ridh› [ˡkwaraɪ,- ɛ, ˡkwɛrɪð]
1 South-east Wales stone
quarry
ŵ ŷ ẃ
(1) Clos y Cwarra
Street name in Llanbedr y Fro (“(the) close (of) the quarries”) < cwarrau
= quarries
(2) Heol y Cwar (“Quarr Road”)
Street in Clydach, county of Abertawe
(3) Cwarclydach
District in Clydach (“(the) quarry (of) Clydach”)
(4) Cwar Melyn (“(the) yellow
quarry”)
Quarry above Blaenrhondda (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(5) Cwar Du (“(the) black quarry”)
Quarry above Blaenrhondda (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(6) Cwar yr Offeirad (“(the) quarry
(of) the clergyman”)
Quarry above Blaen-cwm (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
The southern form of offeiriad ‹o-FEIR-yad› [ɔˡfəɪrjad] is offeir’ad / offeirad ‹o-FEI-rad› [ɔˡfəɪrad]-
in fact pronounced usually as ’ff’ir’ad ‹FII-rad› [ˡfiˑrad]
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cwar < dialect English quarr (= stone pit, quarry); see chwarel
NOTE: cf
cwarre (South-west Wales),
chwarel (North Wales, Central Wales);
cwarel (district of Preseli, in the county of Penfro)
:_______________________________.
Y Cwar
‹ə kwar› [ə
ˡkwar]
1 locality in Merthyrtudful (town and county in south-east Wales)
(English name: "The Quar")
ETYMOLOGY: "the quarry"
:_______________________________.
cwarel
‹KWAA -rel› [ˡkwaˑrɛl]
masculine noun
PLURAL cwareli
‹kwa-REE-li› [kwaˡreˑlɪ]
South Wales
1 quarry, stone-pit
..a/ Coed y Cwarel
John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911), notes a
place called Coed y Cwarel (1840) in
the parish of Tredelerch (Caer-dydd)
…b/ Penycwarel (“(the) edge / top
(of) the quarry”) A farm in Ynys-ddu (county of Caerffili) and also a nearby
road “Pen-y-Cwarel Road” street name in Wyllie (ST1794), part of Y Coed-duon
(ST1797) (county of Caerffili) This would be Heol Penycwarel in Welsh
..c/ Tanycwarel, a house in Cwmystwyth, Ceredigion, the birthplace of Calvinistic Methodist minister Joseph Jenkins (1859-1929)
..d/ Penycwarel, a farm in Capelseion, Ceredigion
..e/ Penycwarel, a farm in Maesycwmwr
..f/ Pantycwarel, place in Llanbadarn Fawr
ETYMOLOGY: cwarel < English quarrel
(showing dissimulation r-r > r-l) <
Old French quarriere from *quarre < Latin quadrâre (= to
square, to make square).
(1) Dissimulation in English: the sequence r-r
became r-l
(2) modern French has carrière (= quarry)
NOTE: in the North cwarel ‹KWAA-rel› [ˡkwaˑrɛl] > chwarel ‹KHWAA-rel› [ˡxwaˑrɛl].
This northern form is considered to be the standard form in modern Welsh. It is
a feminine noun
The expected spoken form in the
south-east would be cwaral with
final ‹a› [a] instead of ‹e› [ɛ]
(delw
7376)
:_______________________________.
Cwarela
‹kwa-REE-la› [kwaˡreˑla]
1 locality in Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
English form: “Quarella”
There is a street here called “Gerddi Quarella”. In correct Welsh this would be
Gerddi Cwarela (= Cwarela Gardens)
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (without having looked at the history of the name) this
is cwarelau (= quarries). In
south-east Wales final -au is
pronounced as -a
:_______________________________.
cwat ‹KWAT› [kwat] masculine noun
1 (South Wales) hiding
place, hideaway
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cwat
< cwato (= to hide, to hide
oneself)
NOTE: Cambrian English (southern) cwat = hiding place
:_______________________________.
cwato
‹KWA-to› [ˡkwatɔ] verb
South Wales
1 verb with an object hide
Yr oedd hi’n cwato’i harian mewn hen
focs te ar y seld
She hid her money in an old tea box on the sideboard
2 verb without an object hide;
keep out of sight (Englandic: also: lie doggo)
3 chwarae cwato
(American: play hide-and-go-seek) (Englandic: play hide-and-seek) (in North
Wales: chwarae cuddio)
4 shelter
Aeth i gwato rhag y glaw He went to
shelter from the rain
ETYMOLOGY: cwato < (cwat-
< dialect English quat = to hide) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
..1 cwbl (cwbwl)
‹KUU-bul› [ˡkuˑbʊl› adverb
1 completely (before an adjective)
Rych chi’n gwbl anghywir You’re
quite wrong, You’re entirely wrong, You’re very much mistaken
mynd yn gwbl groes i run directly
counter to (“go opposed / contrary to”)
2
bod wedi ei gwbl orffen be completely
finished
Mae gennyf gof amdano ym Mhontsaeson,
pan nad oedd y capel wedi ei gwbl orffen, yn 1842 neu dechrau 1843
I remember seeing him in Pontsaeson, when the chapel hadn’t been completely
finished, in 1842, or the beginning of 1843
:_______________________________.
..2 y cwbl
‹ə KUU-bul› [ ə ˡkuˑbʊl› pronoun
1 everything, everybody, the lot, all
anghofio’r cwbl am completely forget about
bron y cwbl ohonynt almost all of
them
dim o gwbl not at all
Dyna’r cwbl That’s all
o gwbl at all
Ond nid dyna’r cwbl o bell ffordd But
that’s not all by a long way
wedi’r cwbl after all
y cwbl neu ddim all or nothing
Nid hyn yw’r cwbl. And that’s not all (in listing for example,
advantages of some course of action; and even though these are convincing
enough for there quality or quantity, a speaker using such a phrase announces
that in fact there are more to be added to the list)
2
mae y cwbl yno sydd eisiau ei wybod
everything you need to know is there
ETYMOLOGY: y cwbl (noun) < cwbl
(adjective)
:_______________________________.
cwblhau /
cwpla ‹ku bul
HAI / KU pla› (verb)
1 to finish
ETYMOLOGY: (cwbl = total, entirety) + (-hau verbal
suffix)
:_______________________________.
cwcan
‹ ku kan› v
(South Wales)
1
to cook
Standard Welsh: coginio
ETYMOLOGY: (cwc- < English to
cook ) + (-an suffix for forming
verbs)
NOTE: See: cwcio
:_______________________________.
cwch ‹KUUKH, KƏ khod› (masculine noun) (North Wales)
1 boat
cwch pysgota fishing boat
fflyd o gychod pysgota fishing fleet
2 (= cwch gwenyn) beehive
hel mêl i’r cwch feather one’s nest
= make oneself comfortable financially (ignoring the well-being of others) (“gather
honey to the hive”); be on the fiddle
:_______________________________.
cwch pysgota ‹kuukh pə SKO ta› (masculine noun)
1 fishing boat
:_______________________________.
cwcw ‹ku -ku› feminine noun
PLURAL cwcwod ‹ku- kû -od›
South Wales
1 Cuculus canorus cuckoo
y gwcw = the cuckoo
Cwmygwcw farm name, Llanhenwg,
county of Mynwy (“(the) valley (of) the cuckoo”)
(cwm = valley) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation +
(cwcw = cuckoo)
ETYMOLOGY: imitation of the bird’s call – cf. Irish cu-cú, Breton koukoug,
French coucou, Catalan cucut (all meaning cuckoo)
NOTE: Although cog (f)
is the standard word for Welsh, cwcw is common in the south
:_______________________________.
cwcwallt ‹KU kwalht›
(masculine noun)
1 cuckold
:_______________________________.
cwd, cydau ‹KUUD, KƏ de›
(masculine noun)
1 pouch, bag
2 (South) arllwys eich cwd o
flaen unbosom / unburden yourself to (“pour out your bag in front of...”)
:_______________________________.
cwdyn, ‹KU din›
(masculine noun)
1 bag
2 cwdyn lwcus lucky dip
(in a bag)
:_______________________________.
cweryla ‹KWE ril›
(verb)
1 to quarrel
:_______________________________.
cweryl,
cwerylon ‹KWE ril,
kwe RƏ lon› (masculine noun)
1 quarrel
:_______________________________.
cwestiwn,
cwestiynau ‹KWE
stiun, kwe STIƏ ne› (masculine noun)
1 question
2
holi mil a mwy o gwestiynau ynghylch
rhywbeth ask thousands of questions about (something) (“a thousand and more
of questions”)
:_______________________________.
cwfaint
‹ku -vent› masculine noun
PLURAL cwfennoedd,
cwfeiniau ‹ku-ve-nodh,
ku-vein-ye›
1 convent = a house in which nuns live
2 ysgol gwfaint PLURAL ysgolion cwfaint convent school, a
school run by nuns ("school (of) convent")
3 Llwybr Cwfaint street in Bangor (Gwynedd). English: Convent Lane
llwybr y cwfaint “(the) path (of) the convent”
(llwybr = valley) + (y = definite article, the) + (cwfaint = convent).
In place names the linking definite article y / yr is often omitted.
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cwfaint < cwfeint
< cwfent < English couvent, covent (cf the London street
name Covent Garden) < French (in
modern French this is couvent)
< Latin convent- (= a coming
together) < convenîre (= to come together)
The English word covent has been remodelled to resemble its Latin source
word with an ‘n’, convent-
:_______________________________.
cwis, cwisiau
‹KWIS, KWIS ye› (masculine noun)
1 quiz
:_______________________________.
cwlltwr,
cylltyrau ‹KULH
tur, kəlh TƏ re› (masculine noun)
(from Latin CULTRUM)
1 coulter, vertical cutter in a plough
:_______________________________.
cwlwm,
cylymau ‹KU lum,
kə LƏ me› (masculine noun)
1 knot
:_______________________________.
cwlwm cariad ‹ku –lum kar-yad›
1 loveknot = a bow of ribbon symbolizing the link between two lovers
2 Cwlwm Cariad name of a
street in Y Barri (county of Bro Morgannwg)
ETYMOLOGY: “knot (of) love” (cwlwm =
knot) + (cariad = love)
:_______________________________.
cwm, cymoedd ‹KUM, KƏ modh› (masculine noun)
1 valley
2 codi argae ar draws cwm
to dam a valley
:_______________________________.
Cwmalarch ‹kum- a -larkh›
1 name of a street in Aberpennar (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (“Cwm
Alarch” on maps)
ETYMOLOGY: “cwm yr alarch” (the) valley (of) the swan (cwm = valley) + (yr =
definite article, the) + alarch =
swan). In place names the linking definite article y / yr is often omitted.
:_______________________________.
Cwm-brân ‹kum
BRAAN› (feminine noun)
1 town in the south-east
:_______________________________.
Cwmbreg ‹KUM breg›
(feminine noun)
1 Cumbrian, language related to Welsh
which was spoken in Cumbria (now an English county Cumbria, and adjoining
Lancashire - the English Lake District) until its extinction in around 1100
y Gwmbreg = the Cumbrian language
:_______________________________.
Cwmbychan ‹kum-bø-khan›
1 street name in Porthtywyn / Burry Port (county of Caerfyrddin /
Carmarthen) (spelt as “Cwm Bychan”)
ETYMOLOGY: y cwm bychan “the little valley” (y definite article)
+ (cwm = valley) + (bychan = small)
:_______________________________.
Cwmclydach ‹kum Ə dakh›
1 place name, ‘valley of the Clydach
stream’
:_______________________________.
cwningar
‹ ku-ni-ngar›
feminine noun
PLURAL cwningaroedd
‹ ku-ni-nga-rodh›
1
rabbit warren
Gwninger SH5186 a farm by Capelgarmon
y gwninger the rabbit warren
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English conynger
(modern English place names as coneygar)
< Old French coniniere / coniliere <
Latin cunicularium < cunîculus
(= rabbit)
:_______________________________.
cwmni,
cwmnïau ‹KUM ni,
kum NI e› (masculine noun)
1 company = group of people
mynd i gwmni drwg fall in with a bad lot (“go into bad company”)
(mynd = to go) + (i = to) + soft mutation + (cwmni = company) + (drwg = bad)
dilyn cwmni drwg follow bad company, hang around with the wrong crowd
2 company = companionship, presence, condition of being with another
person or other people
Dymunwn gael pleser eich cwmni We
request the pleasure of your company
(“we desire (the) getting (the) pleasure (of) your company”)
3 company = business organisation
..1/ cwmni
adeiladu ‹KUM ni a
dei LA di› building company, construction
company
..2/ cwmni buddsoddi ymddiriedaethol ‹KUM ni bidh SO dhi əm dhi ri e DEI thol›
investment trust
..3/ cwmni cyllido finance
compnay, one which finances HP (higher-purchase) sales
..4/ cwmni
datblygu ‹kum ni
dat BLƏ gi› (USA: construction company)
(Englandic: developers)
..5/ cwmni hedfan ‹kum ni HED van›
airline
..6/ cwmni yswiriant ‹kum ni ə SWIR yant› insurance company
4
theatr cwmni repertory theatre
:_______________________________.
Cwm Rhondda
‹kum hron-dha›
1 valley in south-east Wales in the form of a letter Y, with a main
branch on the left (Rhondda Fawr river; and the villages / towns of Tynewydd,
Treherbert, Treorci, Pentre, Ystrad-dyfodwg, Tonypandy, Trealaw) and a lesser
branch on the right (Rhondda Fach river; Y Maerdy, Glynrhedynnog, and Ynys-hir).
The branches come together at Y Porth (or more exactly at Y Cymer, or Cymer
Rhondda), now part of Y Porth). Below is the village of Trehafod. The river
Rhondda flows into the Taf at the town of Pont-ty-pridd
ETYMOLOGY: "(the) valley (of the river) Rhondda" (cwm = valley) + (Rhondda = the Rhondda river)
NOTE: also: y Rhondda = the Rhondda
valley; yn y Rhondda = in the
Rhondda valley)
:_______________________________.
Cwm Rhondda Fach
‹kum hron-dha vaakh›
1 the eastern Rhondda valley in which are situated Y Maerdy, Glynrhedynnog,
and Ynys-hir
ETYMOLOGY: "(the) valley (of the river) Rhondda Fach" (cwm = valley) + (Rhondda Fach = the little Rhondda river)
:_______________________________.
Cwm Rhondda Fawr
‹kum hron-dha vaur›
1 the western Rhondda valley in which are situated Tynewydd,
Treherbert, Treorci, Pentre, Ystrad-dyfodwg, Tonypandy, and Trealaw
ETYMOLOGY: "(the) valley (of the river) Rhondda Fawr" (cwm = valley) + (Rhondda Fawr = the great Rhondda river)
:_______________________________.
cwmpas,
cwmpasoedd ‹KUM pas,
kum PA sodh› (masculine noun)
1 compass
2
o fewn cwmpas deng milltir within a
radius of ten miles
:_______________________________.
Cwm-sgou ‹kum-SKOI› masculine noun
1 Local form of Cwm-ynɥs-gou
/ Cwm-ynɥs-gau ST 2899, south-east of
Pont-y-pŵl, in the county of Torfaen
(cwm = valley), (ynys = river meadow, island) + soft
mutation + (cou
/ cau = enclosed)
("valley of the enclosed meadow"), with the reduction of the element ynɥs > s
before the accented syllable
:_______________________________.
Cwm-sgwt
‹kum- sgut› feminine
noun
1 ST0591 locality by Trehafod (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf),
south-east Wales
Alternative name: Pwllhywel
2 name for any uninteresting or remote village in Wales whose
affairs are of no interest to anybody else (American: cf Podunk, imaginary dull
old-fashioned place)
Cwmsgwt a'r Bondo another name for
an uninteresting or unimportant village) (bondo = eaves of a house)
(Maent) yn gorfodi cynulleidfa eang
Radio Cymru i wrando ar eu 'chats' bach cyfforddus ar bolisiau addysg cyngor
Cwmsgwt a'r Bondo (Cymro 05 07 95)
They oblige the wide audience of Radio Cymru to listen to their comfortable
little chats on the education policies of the Cwm-sgwt and Y Bondo local
authorities
3 Name to represent any village or town or city name in specimen
forms where an actual name is required; in England, often ‘Anytown’ is used
with this sense
Man cyfarfod: (e.e Festri Capel Tabernacl, Cwm-sgwt)
Meeting place: (e.g., vestry of the ‘Tabernacl’ chapel, Cwm-sgwt)
“Fe raddiais yn ddiweddar o Brifysgol Cwm-sgwt gyda gradd mewn
Gweinyddiaeth Fusnes".
“I graduated recently from the University of Cwm-sgwt with a degree in Business
Studies”
ETYMOLOGY: possibly “valley of the waterfall” – apparently cwm y sgwd ‹skuud› (cwm =
valley) + (y definite article) + (sgwd = (South Wales) waterfall)
NOTE: Also (incorrectly) spelt as Cwmsgwt,
and Cwmscwt
:_______________________________.
cwmwd,
cymydau ‹KU mud,
kə MƏ de› (masculine noun)
1 ‘kúmmud’ (neighbourhood), division of
a’ kantrev’ (hundred)
:_______________________________.
Cwmwd Deuddwr
‹ku mud DEI dhur› (feminine noun)
1 commote in the south-east
:_______________________________.
Cwmwd Isaf ‹ku mud I a›
(feminine noun)
1 division of the "kantrev" of
Arllechwedd, a ‘kúmmud’ (neighbourhood) in the north-west (‘lower kúmmud)
:_______________________________.
Cwmwd Uchaf ‹ku mud I kha›
(feminine noun)
1 division of the "kantrev" of
Arllechwedd, a ‘kúmmud’ (neighbourhood) in the north-west (‘upper kúmmud)
:_______________________________.
cwmwl,
cymylau ‹KU mul,
kə MƏ le› (masculine noun)
1 cloud = a mass of water vapour
in the sky, floating over the earth
cysgod cwmwl the shadow of a cloud
2 Gorsedd y
Cwmwl name of a mountain south of Trevelin in the Argentinian Andes (the
Welsh name is the official name; it has no Castilian equivalent)
“(the) throne (of) the cloud” (gorsedd
= throne) + (y the, definite
article) + (cwmwl = cloud)
3 (yr haul yn) mynd o dan gwmwl
..1/ the sun disappearing behind a cloud, the sun ceasing to shine
..2/ (figurative) (of unhappiness) (the sun being obscured by clouds)
Cyrhaedodd y newydd ei bod wedi marw y
noson gynt. Aeth yr haul o dan gwmwl
The news arrived that she had died the previous night. The sun stopped shining
bod dan gwmwl be under a cloud,
under reproach or suspicion, in disgrace
4 types of cloud
cymylau blew geifr = cirrus clouds
(“clouds (of the) hair (of) goats”)
cymylau boliog (South-west) cirrostratus (“big-bellied clouds“)
cymylau duon rain clouds (“black clouds”)
5 Mae â'i ben yn y cymylau He
lives in a dream world, He has his head in the clouds ("he is with his
head in the clouds")
6 cwmwl siwgwr (USA: cotton candy) (Englandic: candy floss) ("cloud
(of) sugar")
(Also: blew siwgwr, candi-fflòs)
7 a mass of particles in the air steam, smoke, dust, sand
Stopiodd y car mewn cwmwl o lwch a dail o flaen y glwyd
The car stipped in a cloud of dust and leaves in front of the gate
cwmwl o
nwy folcanig a cloud of volcanic gas
jerbil yn tyrchu'n orffwyll cyn diflannu mewn cwmwl o dywod
a gerbil frantically digging away before disappearing in a cloud of sand
8 a mass of things moving together, swarm, flock (e.g. insects, birds)
cwmwl o bryfed dros y pwll nofio a cloud of insects above the swimming
pool
Cofiaf weld llu o frain yn disgyn yn gwmwl ar y cae un bore
I remember seeing a mass of crows landing in a great flock on the field one
morning
9 cloud = sth that carries gloom
Dywedodd gweinidog y capel fod cwmwl wedi disgyn ar y pentre ar ôl i’r
trigolion glywed am farwolaeth y ddau fachgen
The chapel minister said that a cloud had descended on the village after the
villagers heard of the deaths of the two boys
Daeth cwmwl o dristwch dros y gymdogaeth pan fu Miss Williams, Ty^’r-nant,
farw
A great sadness fell on the neighbourhood (“a cloud of sadness came over
the neighbourhood) when Miss Williams of Tŷ’r-nant died
Cwmwl du ar ein cymydogaeth oedd ei symudiad i Ddinbych i fyw.
His removal to live in Dinbych was an unhappy occasion for our
neighbourhood (“was a black cloud on our neighbourhood”)
10 cloud = something that threatens
taflu cwmwl dros (rywbeth) cast a cloud over (something)
Siop siafins fu ymweliad y côr unedig agAmérica. Mae'r ffiasgo o daith wedi
taflu cwmwl pellach dros ddyfodol y côr hwnnw
The united choir’s visit to America was a disaster. The fiasgo of a journey
has cast a further cloud on the future of that choir
yr haul yn mynd o dan gwmwl (1) the sun disappearing behind a cloud (2)
(figurative) the sun stopping shining,
Cyrhaedodd y newydd ei bod wedi marw y noson gynt. Aeth yr haul o dan gwmwl
The news arrived that she had died the previous night. The sun stopped
shining / A blackness descended upon me
bod dan gwmwl be under a cloud, under reproach or suspicion, in disgrace
canmol (rhywun / rhywbeth) i'r cymylau to praise (someone / something) ot the skies
(“praise to the clouds”)
rhegu (rhywun / rhywbeth) i'r cymylau to curse (someone / something) to the devil
ETYMOLOGY: cwmwl < *cwml < British < Latin *cumblus < *cumlus / cum’lus <
cumulus
This is a learnèd borrowing – if it
had passed from spoken Latin to British to Welsh the expected form would be *cyfwl
From the same British root: Breton koumoul
(= cloud)
:_______________________________.
Cwm-y-glo ‹kum-ə-GLOO›
1 SN5513 farm name, Cefneithin
(Caerfyrddin) (spelt “Cwm-y-glo”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN5513
map
2 locality in Merthyrtudful
Parish Register: 24th Oct., 1762 — Buried Rees Richard, Bailiff,
Cwmyglo
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) valley (of) the coal”, coal valley)
(cwm = valley) + (y = definite article) + (glo = coal)
:_______________________________.
Cwmygwcw ‹kum-ə- gu -ku›
1 farm name, Llanhenwg, county of Mynwy
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) valley (of) the cuckoo”, cuckoo valley)
(cwm = valley) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation +
(cwcw = cuckoo)
Although cog (f) is the standard word for Welsh, cwcw is common
in the south
:_______________________________.
Cwm-ynys-gau
‹kum ə-nis gâi›
1 ST2899 farm in the
county of Torfaen, South-east Wales
Local form: Cwm-ynys-gou, Cwm-sgou
2 name of an electoral ward in this locality, represented by a
councillor on Torfaen county council
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST%202899
map
ETYMOLOGY: Either “(the) valley (of) Ynys-gau (farm)” (if there
was such a farm)
or
"(the) valley (of) the enclosed river meadow",
(cwm = valley), (ynys = river meadow, island) + soft
mutation + (cou
/ cau = enclosed)
NOTE: In the south, in many monosyllables with au in the standard language, the colloquial language maintains an
older pronunciation with ou ‹ôi›, hence Ynys-gou ‹ə-nis
gôi›.
In the south there are many place names where the element ynys before an accented syllable is reduced to s, which explains the form Cwm-sgou.
The ‘English’ form is "Cwmynyscoy", which reflects the local form,
but gou after s has been perceived as ‹skoi›,
ignoring the soft mutation with ‹g›
NOTE: On English-language maps as Cwmynyscoy
:_______________________________.
cwn! ‹kun› verb
1 (South-east Wales) imperative (2 singular) of cwnnu (= lift up; get up)
Cwn ar unwaith! Get up at once!
Cwn dy galon! Cheer up! (“Lift-up /
raise your heart”)
:_______________________________.
cŵn ‹KUUN› (plural
noun)
1 dogs; see ci
:_______________________________.
cwna ‹ku-na› verb
1 (bitch) be in heat. See cyna
:_______________________________.
cŵn Annwfn
‹kuun a -nuvn›
NOTE: colloquial form: cŵn Annwn
‹kuun a -nun›
1 (folk belief) the hounds of hell, hunting dogs which are supposed
to cross the sky at night
2 (said of bad weather)
Dyna noswith! Ma Cŵn Annwn ar led
(h)eno
What a night! The “Cŵn Annwn” are about tonight
(Example from Nantgarw (ST1285, county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) in the magazine
“Llafar Gwlad” Mai 1993)
:_______________________________.
cŵn Ebrill
‹kuun e-brilh›
See: ci Ebrill
:_______________________________.
cwningen
‹ku-ni-ngen› feminine noun
PLURAL cwningod
‹ku-ni-ngod›
1 rabbit = animal of the hare family, Oryctolagus cuniculus
y gwningen = the
rabbit
2 rabbit = (USA) Sylvilagus
floridanus eastern cottontail rabbit
3 bwch cwningen plural bychod cwningod buck rabbit, male
rabbit
cwningen fennyw plural cwningod benyw doe rabbit, female
rabbit
cwt cwningen plural cytiau cwningod rabbit hutch
cwningen fôr plural cwningod môr rabbit fish
cyw cwningen plural cywion cwningod young rabbit
twll cwningen plural tyllau cwningod rabbit hole
4 fel cwningen like a
rabbit
Mae hi’n ei wneud e fel cwningen
(siad of a woman with a voracious sexual appetite) She’s like a bunny rabbit,
She goes at it like a bunny rabbit (“she does it like a rabbit”)
5 magu fel cwningod breed
like rabbits
ETYMOLOGY: cwningen < (cwning
= rabbit) + (-en diminutive suffix);
cwning < obsolete English coning (= rabbit)
NOTE:
There are southern forms with initial g –
(1) gwningen ‹gu-ni-ngen›,
(2) gweningen ‹gwe-ni-ngen›,
(3) gwiningen ‹gwi-ni-ngen›
In the south-east gwningan (rabbit),
y wningan (the rabbit)
:_______________________________.
cwninger ‹ku-ni-nger› feminine noun
PLURAL cwningeroedd
‹ku-ni-ngê-re›
1 rabbit warren, coneygar = (1) land enclosed to breed rabbits; (2)
rabbit burrows in open land
y gwninger = the warren
Y Gwninger common place name
Tir Cwninger (lost name in Yr Eglwysnewydd,
Caer-dydd) According to John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’
(1889-1911): "Tireconynger"... Forty-one acres in the demesne land of
the lordship of Whitchurch (1492)” (Meaning: “land (of) warren”, warren land)
2 cwning-gaer ‹ku-ning-gair› a reformation of the word
through supposing that it is “rabbit fortress”(cwning = rabbit) + soft mutation + (caer = fortress)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cwninger < English conyger
(= rabbit warren)
:_______________________________.
cwningwr
‹ku-ni-ngur› masculine noun
PLURAL cwningwyr
‹ku-ning-wir›
1 warrener = person who looks after a warren
2 rabbit trapper
ETYMOLOGY: (cwning = rabbit) + (-wr agent suffix, ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
cwnnu
1 (South Wales) lift up; get up
Cwn! imperative (2 singular) l
Cwn ar unwaith! Get up at once!
Cwn dy galon Cheer up! (“Lift-up /
raise your heart”)
:_______________________________.
cwnstabl,
cwnstabliaid ‹KUN sta
bəl, kun STABL yed› (masculine noun)
1 constable (lowest police rank)
2 historically, constable = governor of a castle
:_______________________________.
Cwnsyllt ‹KUN səlht›
(feminine noun)
1 place name, north-east
:_______________________________.
cwota, cwotâu
‹KWO ta, kwo TAI› (masculine noun)
1 quota
2
cwota mewnforio import quota
:_______________________________.
cwpan,
cwpanau ‹KU pan,
ku PA ne› (masculine noun)
1 cup
2 cwpan coffi ‹ku pan KO fi›
(masculine noun)
coffee cup
3 cwpan te ‹ku pan TEE› (masculine noun)
teacup
4 cwpan wy ‹ku pan UI› (masculine noun)
eggcup
5 troi fel cwpan mewn dŵr (said of
someone being indecisive) be chopping and changing (“turn like a cup in water”)
6 cup = trophy
Cwmpan y Byd the World Cup
:_______________________________.
cwpanaid
‹ku- pa -ned› masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL cwpaneidiau
‹ku-pa-neid-ye›
1
cupful = the capacity or contents of a cup
(North Wales) cwpanaid o de cup of
tea
Colloquially paned o de, paned (e-zone), panad o de, panad (a-zone),
Tisio panad? / Ti isio panad?
(Northern) = a wyt ti eisiau cwpanaid (o de) Would you like a cup of
tea?
In the south, a cup of tea is usually (in traditional Welsh) a ‘dishful’ of tea
– dysglaid > dishgled / dishglad (dysgl = dish, -aid suffix
= -ful)
Licat ti gaal dishglad o de? Would you like to have a cup of tea? (a
liciet ti gael dysglaid o de)
NOTE 1: (South Wales) masculine noun (y cwpanaid); (North Wales) feminine noun (y gwpanaid)
NOTE 2: sometimes cypanaid with ‘y’
instead cwpanaid with ‘w’
NOTE 3: the colloquial form i ’paned
..a/ cwpanaid > cwpaned (reduction of the diphthong in
the final syllable). This reduction is typical of spoken Welsh (ae, ai, au in
the final syllable are reduced to e).
..b/ cwpaned > ’paned
(loss of the first syllable). This is also a very common feature of spoken
Welsh – as in hosan (= sock), hosannau (socks), generally ’sanne
In north-west Wales (an “a-zone”, an area where final ‘e’ becomes ‘a’) paned
> panad
ETYMOLOGY: (cwpan = cup) + (-aid suffix which indicates ‘capacity’)
:_______________________________.
cwpaned ‹ku PA ned›
(feminine noun)
1 cupful; see cwpanaid
:_______________________________.
cwpla ‹KU pla› (verb)
(South Wales)
1 to finish
:_______________________________.
cwplach ‹KU plakh›
(plural noun) (South Wales)
1 pair
:_______________________________.
cwpwl, cyplau
‹KU pul, KƏ ple› (masculine noun)
1 couple
2
(South Wales) cwpwl piwr (amount)
appreciable, sizable
cwpwl piwr o quite a number of
(things), quite a few (things), a good few (things)
:_______________________________.
cwpwrdd,
cwpyrddau ‹KU
purdh, ku PƏR dhe› (masculine noun)
1 cupboard
:_______________________________.
cwpwrdd
cornel ‹ku purdh
KOR nel› (masculine noun)
1 corner cupboard
:_______________________________.
cwpwrdd
dillad ‹ku purdh
DI lhad› (masculine noun)
1 clothes cupboard, wardrobe
:_______________________________.
cwpwrdd rhew ‹ku purdh RHEU›
(masculine noun)
1 freezer
:_______________________________.
cwpwrdd
tridarn ‹ku purdh
TRI darn› (masculine noun)
1 three-piece cupboard
:_______________________________.
..1 cwr,
cyrion ‹KUR, KƏR
yon› (masculine noun)
1 corner
mynd i bob cwr o Gymru a thu hwnt to go to every corner of
Wales and beyond
2 o’i gwr from beginnng
to end
darllen (rhywbeth) o’i gwr read
(something) in its entirety, read all of (something)
:_______________________________.
..2 cwr ‹kur›
1. A colloquial form of cwrdd
(â) (= to meet)
mynd i gwr rhywun go to meet someone
Also cŵr ‹kuur› (with
a long vowel)
:_______________________________.
cŵr ‹kur›
1. A colloquial form of cwrdd
(â) (= to meet)
mynd i gŵr rhywun go to meet
someone
Also cwr ‹kur› (with a short vowel)
:_______________________________.
cwrbitsh
‹ kur -bich› m
(North Wales)
1
thrashing
rhoi cwrbitsh i (rywun) give
sombeody a thrashing, beat somebody up
ETYMOLOGY: unknown
NOTE: Equivalent to crasfa ‹kras-va› etc in South Wales
:_______________________________.
cwrdd ‹kurdh› verb
1 meet, come together
2 cwrdd
â ‹kurdh aa› meet
mynd i gwrdd â rhywun go to meet
(someone)
Mae’n dda gen i gwrdd â chi Pleased to meet you
cwrdd (â rhywun) hanner ffordd meet
(someone) halfway, to compromise
3 Often in the south as
1/ cwrdda ‹kur dha›
and also
2/ cwrddyd â ‹kur dhid aa›
In the south and north also
3/ cwr’ ‹kur›,
and also with a long vowel
4/ cŵr’ ‹kuur›
mynd i gwrdda rhywun go to meet (someone)
mynd i gwrddyd rhywun go to meet (someone)
mynd i gwr’ rhywun go to meet (someone)
Byddai’r ffermwyr yn mynd â’r llaeth i gwr’ y trên a’i adael yn yr orsaf
The farmers would take the milk for transporting by train (“to meet the
train”), leaving it in the station
mynd i gŵr’ rhywun go to meet (someone)
mynd i’w gŵr’ o go to meet him
4 cwrdd
â’ch diwedd meet your death
cwrdd â’ch trech meet more than your
match (“meet with your stronger (one)”)
cwrdd â gwrthwynebiad run up against
opposition
cwrdd â’r costau meet expenses
cwrdd â’r draul meet expenses
cwrdd â’r safon, cwrdd â’r gofynion
be up to the mark
5 (South
Wales) cwrdd â ‹kurdh aa›, cwrdda ‹kur dha›
touch
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cwrdd < cẃ -wrdd < cẃ -hwrdd <
cý-hwrdd
(cy- / cyf- prefix = together) +
(hwrdd = impulse, thrust, blow)
NOTE: An alternative form in
colloquial Welsh is cwrddyd ‹kur -dhid›, which is (cwrdd) with the suffix (-yd)
:_______________________________.
cwrddyd ‹kur -dhid›
(South Wales)
1 cwrddyd â rhywun meet
somebody
See cwrdd
:_______________________________.
Cwrdeg ‹KUR deg›
(feminine noun, adjective)
1 Kurdish (language)
y Gwrdeg = the Kurdish language
:_______________________________.
cwrensyn du,
cwrens duon ‹ku REN
sin DII, ku REN sin DI on› (feminine noun)
1 blackcurrant
:_______________________________.
cwrs, cyrsiau
‹KURS, KƏRS ye› (masculine noun)
1 course (= series of lessons)
2 troi afon o’i chwrs
divert a river (“turn a river from its course”)
3 gadael i natur ddilyn ei
chwrs let nature take its course
4 cwrs carlam ‹kurs KAR lam›
crash course, course for rapid learning
Cwrs Cymraeg a Welsh Course
Cwrs Cymraeg Llafar a Course of Colloquial Welsh
:_______________________________.
cwrt, cyrtiau
‹KURT, KƏRT ye› (masculine noun)
1 court
2 in place names
..1/ Melin-cwrt (SN8101) locality in
Castell-nedd ac Aberafan 10km north-east of Castell-nedd at the confluence of
the Clydach Isaf stream (“Melin Court Brook”) and the river Nedd.
Melin-cwrt < Melin-y-cwrt
(In place names, the linking definite article frequently is lost)
(“the) mill (of) the court”) (melin
= mill) + (y definite article) + (cwrt = court)
The English name is “Melincourt” as if the name is “the court called Melin”
The place is also called Melinclydach
(“(the) mill (on the stream known as) Clydach (Isaf)”)
..2/ Cwrtycadno (“(the) court (of) the fox”)
3 court (in certain sports)
cwrt tenis ‹kurt TE nis›
tennis court
cwrt sboncen ‹kurt SPON ken›
squash court
:_______________________________.
cwrw ‹kû -ru› masculine noun
PLURAL cwrwau,
cyrfau ‹ku-rû-e,
kər-ve›
1 beer
arian cwrw beer money, money set
aside for buying beer
bod golwg cwrw ar look beery, look
as though one has been drinking a lot of beer
(“be a look (of) beer on”)
bol cwrw (North), bola cwrw (South) beer belly, large
belly from drinking too much beer over the years
casgen gwrw, plural casgenni cwrw beer cask
gardd gwrw, plural gerddi cwrw beer garden
hanner peint o gwrw half a pint of
beer
gwydraid o gwrw a glass of beer
gwydryn cwrw beer glass
jwg cwrw beer jug
mat cwrw beer mat = cardboard table mat placed under a beer mug
which serves to absorb small amounts of beer spilled from the glass, and to
advertise brewery products
mwg cwrw beer mug (glass with a
handle)
neuadd gwrw beer hall
ôl cwrw beer stain
peint o chwerw a pint of bitter
peint o gwrw a pint of beer
potelaid o gwrw bottle of beer
pot cwrw beer mug, beer tankard
potel gwrw, plural poteli cwrw beer bottle (cf cwrw potel = bottled beer)
pres cwrw beer money, money set
aside for buying beer
staen cwrw beer stain
cwrw Adda (‘(the) beer (of) Adam’) =
water
cwrw bach small beer, beer with a
very low alcohol content
cwrw brwd mulled ale (beer heated
with added sugar and spices)
cwrw cadarn strong beer, strong ale
cwrw cartref (‘beer (of) home’) home
brew, home-brewed beer
cwrw casgen draught beer (“beer (of)
cask”)
cwrw coch brown ale (“red beer”)
cwrw chwerw bitter beer
cwrw danadl nettle beer (“beer (of)
nettles”)
cwrw du stout = strong dark porter
(“black beer”)
cwrw golau pale ale (“light-coloured
beer”)
cwrw gwan small beer, beer with a
very low alcohol content (“weak beer”)
cwrw melyn bitter beer (“amber ale,
yellow ale”)
cwrw mwyn mild beer
cwrw oen (obsolete) lamb ale, beer
drunk at lamb-shearing
cwrw o’r gasgen draught beer, keg,
beer, beer on draught, beer from the keg (“beer from the cask”)
cwrw potel bottled beer (“beer (of)
bottle”) (cf potel gwrw = beer
bottle)
cwrw sinsir ginger beer
2 Afraid gwahodd at gwrw da
Good wine needs no bush ("(it is) needless (to) invite to good beer").
If something is good the news will get around, people will be informed by word
of mouth, and there is no need to make efforts to draw people’s attention to
it; good quality is its own publicity
3 Mae’r gwir yn y cwrw In
vino veritas (“the truth is in the beer”)
4 Place names
Cwmrhydycwrw name of a village, “the
valley of Rhyd y Cwrw” (= the ford of the beer), renamed in the 1800s as Cwmrhydyceirw (Rhyd y Ceirw = ‘the ford of the stags’) to eliminate the word cwrw (considered offensive by
supporters of temperance living there)
5
cyfrdy (obsolete) beerhouse, tavern
cyfrdy < cyrfdy
(penult form of cwrf = beer) + soft
mutation + (tŷ = house).
Modern Welsh cwrw (= beer) < cwrwf
< cwrf
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cwrw [ˡkuˑrʊ] < cwrwf
[ˡkuˑrʊv] < *cwryf [ˡkuˑrəv] < *cwrf
[kʊrv] <
British *korm
From the same British root: Cornish korev
(= beer), Breton koref (= beer)
From the same Celtic root: Irish coirm
(= beer; drinking party; concert)
Cf related words in non-Celtic languages:
..1/ Latin cremor (= broth, thick
juice).
This is also used as a technical term in English - Webster 1913 cremor (= cream; a substance resembling
cream; yeast; scum)
..2/ Greek kourmi (Harry Thurston
Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898); entry for Perseus:
“The beer or barley-wine of Crete was known as korma or kourmi.”).
..3/ Russian korm (= forage)
:_______________________________.
cwrwgl,
cyryglau ‹KU rug,
kə RƏ gle› (masculine noun)
1 coracle, wickerwork boat; llight portable wicker boat in the shape of an inverted
tortoise’s shell for fishing on rivers. See corwg
:_______________________________.
cwsg ‹KUSK›
(masculine noun)
1 sleep
2 trymgwsg deep sleep, heavy slumber,
heavy sleep (trwm = heavy) + soft mutation + ( cwsg = sleep); bod
mewn trymgwsg be in a deep sleep
:_______________________________.
cwsglys ‹kusk -lis› masculine
noun
PLURAL cwsglysiau
‹kusk- lə -sye›
1 opium poppy; see cysglys
:_______________________________.
cwsmer ‹ku-smer› masculine noun
PLURAL cwsmeriaid ‹ku-smer-yed›
1 customer = a person who wishes to buy something in a shop or from
a firm, or use the service of a bank, etc
2 customer = a person who buys regularly in a shop or from a firm,
or uses the services of a bank, etc
3 customer = a drinker in a tavern or pub; holl gwsmeried y dafarn all the pub’s customers
4 ar fesur cwsmer (clothes)
made to measure, custom-made ("on measure (of) customer")
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cwsmer < cwstmer
< English customer < (custom) + (-er);
custom circa 1200 < French costume
< Latin consuêtûdô (= get used to) <
(con = together) + (suêscere = be used to)
:_______________________________.
cwsmera ‹ku SME ra GƏ da› (verb)
1 to shop, to be a customer
:_______________________________.
cwstard ‹KU stard›
(masculine noun)
1 custard
2 cwstard mewn crwst ‹KU stard meun KRUST›
custard pie, custard tart
:_______________________________.
Cwstennin
‹ku-ste-nin› masculine
noun
1 Maescwstennin street
name in Cyffordd Llandudno, county of Conwy
(“Maes Cwstennin”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) field (of) Constantine”)
(maes = field) + (Cwstennin < Cystennin
Constantine)
2 Llangystennin ‹lhan-gø-STE-nin›, A village and parish
in Conwy. According to the wikipedia entry http://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llangystennin
there is a variation of the name with “w” instead of “y”: Llangwstennin
The parish is south-east of the parish of Llan-rhos (in which Llandudno
is situated). Cyffordd Llandudno (Llandudno Junction) is in
Llangystennin parish.
:_______________________________.
..1 cwt,
cytiau ‹KUT, KƏT
ye› (masculine noun)
1 pigsty
Also: cwt moch, cytiau moch ‹kut MOOKH, KƏT ye MOOKH›
2 shed
,
3 bod yng nghwt y mwg be in the
doghouse, in disgrace (“in the smoke hut”)
:_______________________________.
..2 cwt,
cytiau ‹KUT,
KƏT ye› (feminine noun)
1 (South Wales) queue
y gwt = the queue
tsheto'r gwt push in (in a queue),
jump a queue, jump the queue ("cheat the queue")
(in the North neidio’r ciw)
:_______________________________.
cwta ‹KU ta›
(adjective)
1 short
2 blewyn cwta short straw
(South Wales) tynnu blewyn cwta am (rywbeth) draw the short straw for
(to choose someone out of two or more people blades of straw are held in the
hand, apparently all the same length – but one is shorter than the other or
others, and whoever draws this is chosen)
Tynnwyd blewyn cwta am y baich ysgafnach The lightest load was allotted
by drawing straws (“ a short straw was drawn for the lightest load”)
:_______________________________.
cwter
‹ku -ter› feminine noun
PLURAL cwteri,
cwterydd, cwterau ‹ku-te-ri,
-ridh, -re›
1 gutter (by roadside), drain
y gwter the drain
cwter gwsg stone drain in field
drainage (“sleeping gutter”)
cwter garthu gutter or drain behind
a cowshed (“gutter (of) cleaning out”)
2 gwasg y gwter the gutter press
...un o afonydd mwyaf prydferth Ewrop,
sef y Rhine (sic, = Rhein). Y mae Tafwys mewn cymhariaeth fel cwter,
a Thywi deg fel llond bwced o ddwr (“Seneddwr ar Dramp” Rhys J Davies 1935)
One of the prettiest rivers in Europe is the Rhine. The Thames in comparison is
like a drain, and fair Tywi like a bucket of water
3 Y Gwter-fawr (“the big
gutter”) former name (1800s) of the village of Brynaman SN7114 (county of
Caerfyrddin)
Pwll y Gwter a former coal mine
here, opened in 1855 (“(the) pit (of) the gutter”)
In ‘Wild Wales’ by George Borrow (1862) the author, an Englishman,
(interestingly he was half-Cornish, his father being from Cornwall; his mother
was English, from Norfolk), recounts his trip eight years earlier in 1854.
He had stopped by the a fulling mill on the Lleidiach stream and struck up a
conversation in Welsh with a “decent looking man engaged in sawing a piece of
wood by the roadside.” The man mistakes him for a Northern Welshman, which
Borrow does not contradict. At the close of the conversation the man asks:
Welshman: "Where are you going tonight?"
Borrow: "To Gutter Vawr"
Welshman: "Well, then, you had better not loiter, Gutter Vawr is a long
way off over the mountain. It will be dark, I am afraid, long before you get to
Gutter Vawr. Good evening David! I am glad to have seen you, for I have long
wished to see a man from the north country. Good evening! you will find plenty
of good ale at Gutter Vawr."
4 Pant y Cwteri (“(the)
hollow (of) the gutters”) name of a hollow near the village of Aberogwr (county
of Bro Morgannwg)
5 y gwter the gutter
(figurative of destitution)
treio codi (rhywun) o’r gwter try to
raise (somebody) from the gutter, bring somebody back from a state of
destitution
ETYMOLOGY: cwter < gwter
< English gutter < Old French goutire < goute (= drop of
liquid) < Latin gutta (= drop of liquid). Modern French goutte (= drop), goutière
(= gutter, drain; gutter on a roof)
NOTE: the initial g- was understood
as the soft-mutation of c-, and so
the radical form cwter came about
:_______________________________.
cwt ieir
‹kut yeir› masculine noun
1 hen coop, henhouse
2 gwifren cwt ieir; also weiren cwt ieir chicken wire = wire
with a hexagonal mesh ("wire (of) hen coop")
ETYMOLOGY: "shed (of) hens", (cwt
= shed) + (ieir = hens)
:_______________________________.
cwteuo
‹ku- tei -o› verb
North Wales
1 shorten = make short
2 bob (a horse’s tail), cut (a horse’s tail) to leave only the stump
3 shorten = become short
Mae’r dydd yn cwteuo The days are
getting shorter ("the day is getting shorter")
ETYMOLOGY: (cwteu-, penult form of “cwtau” = short) + (-o =
verbal suffix).
The base form of cwta was taken to be cwtau. Words which have final -au
in the standard language are colloquially -a
in the north-west, and -e in the
north-east.
Apparently cwta was assumed to be
from an original cwtau, which in the
penult gives cwteu-
NOTE: colloquially cwtuo ‹ku-tii-o›
:_______________________________.
cwtiad,
cwtiaid ‹KUT-yad,
KUT-yaid, -yed› (masculine noun)
Diminutive form: cwtyn ‹KU-tin›
1 lapwing, plover (Vanellus
vanellus)
Bryncwtyn (?former) farm in Pen-coed (Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
bryn y cwtyn “(the) hill (of) the plover”
ETYMOLOGY: cwtiad: (cwt
< English coot) + (-i-ad noun suffix)
cwtyn: (cwt-, root of cwtiad = plover) +
(-yn diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
cwtsh ‹kutsh› masculine noun
PLURAL: cwtshis ‹KUTSH-is›
1 storage place
South Wales cwtsh dan stâr space under the stairs, place under the stairs, cupboard
under the stairs, stair cupboard
y cwtsh dan stâr; or simply y cwtsh the place under the stairs
North Wales cwtsh tatws potato clamp
2 shed
South Wales cwtsh glo coalshed, coal bunker
3 hiding place
4 nook
ym mhob cwtsh a chornel in every
nook and cranny
5 cwtsh ci kennel, dog’s
kennel, dog basket;
or simply
cwtsh kennel, dog’s kennel, dog
basket
yn ei gwtsh mae’r ci the dog’s in his basket
In the 1841 Census a house in the town of Penárth (county of Bro Morgannwg) is
called Cwtsh y Cŵn (written as
“Cwtch y Cwn”) (“(the) kennel (of) the dogs”, the dogs’ kennel)
6 Y Cwtsh place in the
Rhondda Fach valley, between Pont-y-gwaith and Ynys-hir
(17 Mehefin 1797) (William Thomas Howel a Jennet John) “Y rhai olaf hyn oedd fy nhad-cu a’m mam-gu, neu fel y dywedwn yn y
gogledd, fy nhaid a’m nain, tad a mam fy nhad; priodasant, ac aethant i fyw i’r
Cwtch (sic), ac yno, fel dengys y registers y bedyddiwyd amryw o’r plant.”
(17 June 1797) (William Thomas Howel and Jennet John) These last (two) were my
“tad-cu” (grandfather) and “mam-gu” (grandmother), or as they say in the north,
my “taid” and my “nain”, my father’s father and mother; they married, and went
to live in Y Cwtsh, and there, as the (parish) registers indicate several of
the children were baptised
(From: “Llanwynno - Yr Hen Amser, yr Hen Bobl a’r Hen Droeon” = Llanwynno – the
old time, and the old people and the old events. Year of Publication: 1888.
Author: Glanffrwd = William Thomas 1843-1890)
7 Y Cwtsh farm by Heol y
Goedlan, Pen-rhiw-fawr SN7410 (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (on the
Ordnance Survey map with a semi-anglicised spelling ‘cwtch’)
8 cuddle, hug
rhoi cwtsh i (rywun) to cuddle / hug someone, to give someone a cuddle /
hug
rhoi cwtsh bach i (rywun) to give someone a little cuddle / hug
dera cwtsh i fi give me a cuddle, give me a hug
ETYMOLOGY: English couch ‹*kuch› < ‹kuuch›
< Middle English couche (= couch; recess) < 1400- French couche (= bed) < coucher (= lie down) < collocâre
(= arrange) < (con- = with) + (locâre =
to put)
The modern English form is couch ‹kauch› < ‹kuuch›
(with the normal change in the long vowel of ‹uu› to ‹au›,
but the Welsh form must have come from an English pronunciation with a short
‘u’, as in the word ‘touch’ ‹tuch›)
Modern French has coucher (= lie down)
Latin collocâre is the source of English collocate
NOTE: Used in Cambrian English in South Wales
:_______________________________.
cwtsho ‹KU-cho› (verb)
1 cuddle up, snuggle up (USA: cozy up)
cwtsho at cuddle up to, snuggle up to (USA: cozy up to)
cwtsho’n dynn cuddle tight
cwtsho’n glòs cuddle tight
2 to snuggle up in bed
3 clasp (something) to oneself
4 (west central Wales) hide
5 crouch, stoop
cwtsh lawr! get down! (= hide! get out of sight)
6 lie down
dyma’r ci’n cwtsho lawr the dog then lay down
7 store (potatoes in a clamp) (North Wales)
cwtshio’r tatws to put the potatoes in a clamp
8 ail, get thin, go pale, lose one’s healthy look
Da chi 'di cwtsio you’ve gone pale-looking
ETYMOLOGY: (cwtsh = embrace; safe place, cosy place) + (-i-o =
verbal suffix)
NOTE: Used in Cambrian English in South Wales
Go and cwtsh! command to a dog, in sending it to its basket or kennel
NOTE: Also spelt cwtsio.
Also a variant cwtshan
:_______________________________.
cwtyn,
cwtiaid ‹KU-tin,
KUT-yaid, -yed› (masculine noun)
1 plover. See cwtiad
:_______________________________.
cwymp, cwympiau
‹KUIMP, KUIMP-ye› (masculine noun)
1 fall
2 mynd i’ch cwymp head for a fall, be riding for a fall (“go to
your fall”)
:_______________________________.
cwympo ‹KUIM po›
(verb) (South Wales)
1 to fall; (In the North = syrthio)
Fuwch fach gota – glaw neu hindda?
Os daw glaw, cwympa o’m llaw;
Os daw haul, hedfana!
(Weather lore)
Ladybird – rain or fine weather?
If rain will come, fall from my hand
If sun will come, fly!
2 cwympo ar eich gorwedd
fall flat on your back
NOTE: colloquial pronunciation cw’mpo / cwmpo ‹KUM po› (
:_______________________________.
cwynfan ‹KUIN van› (verb)
1 to lament
:_______________________________.
cwynfanllyd
‹kuin VAN lhid› (adjective)
1 moaning, complaning, full of complaint
:_______________________________.
cwynfanus ‹kuin VA nis›
(adjective)
1 plaintive
:_______________________________.
cwyno ‹KUI no› (verb)
1 to complain
:_______________________________.
cwyr ‹KUIR›
(masculine noun)
1 wax
2 cwyr esgidiau shoe wax,
shoe polish
:_______________________________.
cwyren ‹KUI ren›
(feminine noun)
1 thin candle, spill
y gwyren = the spill
:_______________________________.
cwys, cwysau
/ cwysi ‹KUIS,
KUI-se, KUI-si› (feminine noun)
1 furrow
y gwys = the furrow
torri cwys plough a furrow
torri cwys unig to plough a lonely
furrow, be the only person studying some phenomenon, investigating some matter
(“plough (an) only furrow”)
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