A Welsh to English Dictionary in page format
http://www.kimkat/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_c_1018e.htm
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Gwefan
Cymru-Catalonia
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(delw
6668) |
∆
1580e A | 1039e B | 1735e BR | 1018e C | 1071e CE | 1675e CI |
1040e
CR | 1075e
CY | 1020e D | 1674e DI | 1072e E | 1077e F |
1021e
G | 1042e GW |
1038e
H | 1676e
HY, I, J, K, | 1865e L | 1022e M | 1677e MI | 1047e N | 1600e O | 1023e P | 1073e PL |
1026e
R |
1070e
S | 1024e T | 1076e TR | 1025e U,V | 1731e W, X | 1586e Y, Z |
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C, c ‹ek› feminine noun
1) third letter of the twenty-six letter Roman alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 d 5 e,
2) third letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh
alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e,
:_______________________________.
c
In south-east
ticyn < dicyn < digyn < ychydigyn (ychydig = a bit) + (-yn
diminutive suffix)
Ocwr < Ogwr (river name)
:_______________________________.
c
1 in words from British < Celtic
< Indo-European, initial ‹k› sometimes corresponds to intial ‹h› in
English and German < Germanic < Indo-European. The initial ‹k› is also
to be seen in equivalent Latin words.
∆
|
Welsh |
English |
|
caeth (= captive, enslaved), |
(no corresponding word in modern English; German though has der Haft (= detention), der Häftling (= detainee) |
|
caru (= to love), |
whore (= prostitute), Old English hôre |
|
carw (= deer) |
hart ‹haa(r)t› (= male deer) |
|
cas (= aversion), casáu (= to hate) |
hate |
|
celynen (= holly bush) |
holly |
|
corn (= horn) |
horn |
|
cynt (= quicker; before) |
hind (= rear), behind |
c
Welsh initial c- in words from English which have initial g-
crand (= grand,
impressive) < English grand
cwter (= channel) < English
gutter
:_______________________________.
c
1
monosyllables with final c
bloc block
brêc brake
broc driftwood
clec bang
cnoc knock
doc dock
llac loose
mêc brand, make
plwc tug, jerk
tric trick
c < g-g in alliteration
Y ddraig goch a ddyry cychwyn <ə
dhraig GOOKH a DHƏ-ri KƏKH-win> [ə ðraɪg
ˡgoːx a ðərɪ ˡkəxwɪn]
1 An alliterative line
in a poem by Deio ab Ieuan Du (fl. 1450-1480), Llangynfelyn, Ceredigion
thanking Siôn ap Rhys for the gift of a bull, literally ‘the red dragon gives a
leap’, but probably in the sense of ‘the
red bull mounts [the cow]’, given the nature of the context in which the line
appears.
The alliteration is dd - r - c - ch / dd - r - c - ch - (n).
Y dd-raig goch a ddyry cychwyn
(g-g and c are considered to be equivalent in alliterative verse)
c < c-g
In the place name Cnwclas (= green hill)
Cnwc-glás > Cnwcglas > Cnwclas
:_______________________________.
câ ‹ kaa ›
See aa and caa
1
southern form of cae (= field)
2 southern form of cae (= close,
second person singular imperative, < cau
= to close)
câ ‹dy ben› < cae ‹dy ben›! (= shut
‹your mouth›!)
See aa / caa
:_______________________________.
ca’ ‹ kaa ›
Usually spelt (less correctly) câ
See aa and caa
1
south-eastern form of cae (= field)
2 southern form of cae (= close,
second person singular imperative, < cau
= to close)
ca’ ‹dy ben›! < cae ‹dy ben›! (= shut ‹your mouth›!)
:_______________________________.
caa ‹ kaa ›
Usually spelt ca’ and (less
correctly) câ
See aa
1
southern form of cae (= field)
2
southern form of cae (= close,
second person singular imperative, < cau
= to close)
caa ‹dy ben›! < cae ‹dy ben›! (= shut
‹your mouth›!)
:_______________________________.
cää <KÄÄ> [kæː]
Usually spelt cê / cæ
See aa and caa
1
south-eastern form of cae (= field)
2
south-eastern form of caa
cää dy ben! < cae dy ben! (= shut your mouth!)
:_______________________________.
caal <KAAL> [kɑːl]
1
southern form of cael (= to get)
Usually spelt câl / ca’l
See aa
:_______________________________.
cääl <KÄÄL> [kæːl]
1
south-eastern form of cael (= to
get)
Usually spelt cêl / cæl
See aa / caal
:_______________________________.
caar <KAAR> [kɑːr]
1
(in place names) e.g. Y Gaar < Y Gaer,
Southern form of caer (= hillfort)
Usually spelt câr / ca’r
See aa
:_______________________________.
cäär <KÄÄR> [kæːr]
1
(in place names) e.g. Y Gäär < Y Gaer,
south-eastern form of blaen (=
hillfort)
Usually spelt cêr / cær
See aa / caar
:_______________________________.
càb <KAB> [kab] masculine noun
PLURAL cabiau
<KAB-yai, -e> [ˡkabjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 cab = enclosed part at the front of a lorry, railway locomotive
and sometimes a bus or tram, where the driver sits
2 (crane) cab = enclosed part where a crane operator controls the
movements of the machine
3 (tractor) cab = an enclosure over a driver’s seat for shelter from
the weather and to give protection to the driver in case the tractor overturns
4 taxi
ETYMOLOGY: English cab = taxi,
abbreviated form of
cabriolet 1800- two-wheeled
horse-drawn carriage
< French cabriolet = two-wheeled
horse-drawn carriage
< cabriole = a little leap, a
skip
< cabrioler = jump like a goat
< Latin capreolus = wild goat
< capra = goat;
the word ‘cabriolet’ refers to the light movement of the carriage
:_______________________________.
caban ffonio, cabanau ffonio <KAA-ban FOON-yo, ka-BAA-nai, -e, FON-yo> [ˡkɑˑban ˡfɔnjɔ,
kaˡbɑˑnaɪ, -ɛ, ˡfɔnjɔ] (masculine noun)
1 phone booth
:_______________________________.
cábidwl, cabidylau ‹KAA-bi-dul, ka-bi-DƏ-lai, -e › [ˡkɑˑbɪdʊl,
kabɪˡdəlaɪ, -ɛ] (m)
1 capital (ecclesiastical meeting)
2 capital (of a column)
:_______________________________.
cabidyldy ‹
ka-bi-DƏL-di› [kabɪˡdəldɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL cabidyldai
‹ ka-bi-DƏL-dai›
[kabɪˡdəldaɪ]
1 chapterhouse = building attached to a cathedral or a monastery
where a chapter meets, assembly place for the governing body of a cathedral or
monastery
Estynnir croeso cynnes i bawb sy’n
awyddus i fynychu’r gwasanaeth a gynhelir yng Nghabidyldy’r Abaty am 3pm
A warm welcome is extended to everybody who wants to attend the service
which will be held in the chapterhouse of the abbey at 3pm
2 county of Caerfyrddin y gabildi confusion, disorder
ETYMOLOGY: (cabidyl- = penult form
of cabidwl) + soft mutation + (ty = house). Cabidwl is
a learnèd borrowing from Latin capitulum
= ecclesiastical chapter, little head, < (caput = head) + (-ulum -
suffix)
:_______________________________.
Cablyd <KA-blid> [ˡkablɪd] masculine noun
1 dydd Iau Cablyd = Maundy Thursday, the Thursday before Good Friday
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cablyd < Old Irish caplat < Latin capitātiō (capit-
stem of caput = head) + (-ātiō, -ātiōn-) (= shaving
of the head) (on this day monks’ heads were shaved, and their feet were
washed).
Also from British Celtic:
..a/ Cornish diyow Chambliz (=
Maundy Thursday),
..b/ Breton deiz iaou Gamblid (=
Maundy Thursday)
Modern Irish has caplaid, in the phrases lá Caplaide “Maundy Day”, Déardaoin Caplaide (= Maundy Thursday)
:_______________________________.
cabmon <KAB-mon> [ˡkabmɔn] masculine noun
PLURAL cabmyn
<KAB-min> [ˡkabmɪn]
1 cabman
= man driving in a cab of an excavator, etc
2 cabman = man who drives a hansom cab
3 cabman = taxi driver
ETYMOLOGY: adaptation of the English cabman
(cab = horse cab, cabin of an
excavator, car which is a taxi cab) + (man);
(with the suffix -mon replacing
English -man)
:_______________________________.
cabôl <ka-BOOL> [kaˡboːl] masculine noun
North Wales
1 mess
ETYMOLOGY: see cyboli
NOTE: also cybôl, cybolfa
:_______________________________.
caboledig <ka-bo-LEE-dig> [kabɔˡleˑdɪg]
adjective
1 polished
ETYMOLOGY: stem of caboli (= to
polish) + (-edig past particle
suffix)
:_______________________________.
cacen, cacenni <KA-ken,
ka-KE-ni> [ˡkakɛn,
kaˡkɛnɪ] (feminine noun)
1 cake
y gacen = the cake
:_______________________________.
cach <KAAKH> [kɑːx] masculine noun
1 shit, dung, excrement
ETYMOLOGY: British < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish kagh
(= shit), Cornish cac’h (= shit)
Hibernian Celtic: Irish cac (= shit)
Cf Latin cacâre (= to shit); and
from this word Catalan cagar (= to
shit).
This Latin word is also the ultimate origin of dialect English cack (= shit), and cack-handed (= left-handed)
:_______________________________.
cachad <KAA-khad> [ˡkɑˑxad] masculine noun
1 See: cachiad
:_______________________________.
cachdy <KAKH-di> [ˡkaxdɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL cachdai
<KAKH-dai> [ˡkaxdaɪ]
1 shithouse, toilet
ETYMOLOGY: (cach = shit) + soft
mutation + (ty = house)
:_______________________________.
cachfa <KAKH-va> [ˡkaxva] feminine noun
1 cock-up, disaster (said of something that has gone wrong)
ETYMOLOGY: (cach- stem of cachu = to shit) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating an
action)
:_______________________________.
cachgi <KAKH-gi> [ˡkaxgɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL cachgwn
<KAKH-gun> [ˡkaxgʊn]
1 coward
2 shit = unpleasant person
3 Iacha’ croen, croen cachgi Discretion is better than valour,
sometimes to flee a conflict is better than to stand and fight (“healthiest
skin, skin (of) coward”)
Also:
Pen iach yw pen cachgi (“(it is)
healthy head which-is head (of) coward”)
Iach yw pen cachgi (“(it is) healthy
which-is (the) head (of a) coward “)
4 county of Ceredigion cachgi bwm, or simply cachgi = hornet
fel cachgi mewn pot said of a
loudmouthed person (“like a hornet in a pot”)
ETYMOLOGY: (cach = shit) + soft
mutation + (ci = dog)
:_______________________________.
cachgïaidd <kakh-GII-aidh,
-edh> [kaxˡgiˑaɪð,
-ɛð] adjective
1 cowardly
2 mean, base, low, low-down, contemptible, deplorable
Dywedodd mai gweithred cachgïaidd fu
diswyddo’r rheolwr
He said that the sacking of the manager was a deplorable act
ETYMOLOGY: (cachgi = coward) + (-aidd = suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
cachgïo <kakh-GII-o> [kaxˡgiˑɔ] verb
North Wales
1 lose one’s nerve, get cold feet, back out, chicken out, bottle out
Yr oedd arweinydd Rwsia wedi cachgïo ac
wedi ei drechu gan arlywydd ifanc América, Kennedy, meddai rhai
Some said that the Russian leader had got cold feet and had been beaten by the
young American president, Kennedy
ETYMOLOGY: (cachgi = coward) + (-o = suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
cachiad <KAKH-yad> [ˡkaxjad] masculine noun
PLURAL cachiadau
<kakh-YAA-dai,
-de> [kaxjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 shit = the act of shitting
2 instant,
short time (i.e. the time it takes to have a shit - ?referring to a hen or
birds in general)
North Wales fydda i ddim dau gachiad vulgar
I won’t be a moment (“I won’t be two shits”)
South Wales bydda i nôl mwn cachad vulgar
I’ll be back in a jiffy (“in a shit”)
NOTE: South Wales cachad (without the consonant i- at the beginning of the final
syllable - this loss of the i- is
normal in the South)
ETYMOLOGY: (cach-, stem of cachu = to shit) + (-iad = suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
cachlyd <KAKH-lid> [ˡkaxlɪd] adjective
1 shitty, filthy
2 shitty
= unpleasant
wynebu’r dasg gachlyd o orfod parcio
mewn lle cyfyng rhwng dau gar
face the shitty task of having to park in a tight space between two cars
ETYMOLOGY: (cach = shit) + (-lyd = suffix for forming adjectives;
often has a hint of contempt)
:_______________________________.
Cachor <KAA-khor> [ˡkɑˑxɔr] feminine noun
1 Afon Cachor SH4751 =
river in Arfon
ETYMOLOGY: the first element is cach
(= shit)
:_______________________________.
cachu 1 <KAA-khi> [ˡkɑˑxɪ] verb
verb without an object
1 shit, defecate
2 Maen
nhw’n cachu trwy’r un twll (said of people who work very closely together
in business, politics, etc for their own ends) = They’re as thick as thieves
(“they shit through the same arsehole”)
verb with an an object
3 ei chachu-hi foul up, fuck up, screw up; = make a mess of some
arrangement, activity; put the spanner in the works
4 mor brin â chachu ceffyl pren (said
of something scarce) “as scarce as the shit of a wooden horse”
ETYMOLOGY: (cach = shit) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)
Cf Middle English kakken (= to
defecate), and also Latin cacâre
< Greek kakós (= bad)
:_______________________________.
cachu 2 <KAA-khi> [ˡkɑˑxɪ] masculine noun
1 shit, “poo”, cack, muck
2 (North)
Mae o’n rhy arw i roi croen ei gachu i’r
brain (said of somebody who is stingy) (“He’s too mean to give the crust of
his shit to the crows”)
3 shit,
crap = something held in contempt
Fuon nhw erioed yn credu mewn
Thatcheriaeth, nac mewn unrhyw gachu cyffelyb
They never believed in Thatcherism, or any similar crap
:_______________________________.
cachu defaid <KAA-khi
DEE-vaid, -ed> [ˡkɑˑxɪ
ˡdeˑvaɪd, -ɛd] masculine noun
1 sheep droppings
:_______________________________.
cachu rwtsh <KAA-khi
RUCH> [ˡkɑˑxɪ
ˡrʊʧ]
1 a load of crap
:_______________________________.
cachwr <KAA-khur> [ˡkɑˑxʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL cachwyr,
cachwrs <KAKH-wir,
KAA-khurs> [ˡkaxwɪr,
ˡkɑˑxʊrs]
1 shitter, a person who shits
2 shit
= unpleasant person; scumbag
Yno, yn eu holl ogoniant, yr oedd cocia
wyn, crafwrs, cachwrs a llyfwrs y genedl Gymreig yn croesawu’r prins
There, in all their glory, were the fools, creeps, shits and arselickers of
the Welsh nation welcoming the prince
3 North Wales y cachwr uffarn! you shit! you bastard! (said, for example, as an
insult to someone who does you a bad turn) (uffern / uffarn = hell)
ETYMOLOGY: (cach-, stem of cachu = to shit) + (-wr = suffix for forming nouns
indicating an agent, ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
caci, cacis <KA-ki,
KA-kiz> [ˡkakɪ,
ˡkakɪz] (masculine noun)
1 kaki (fruit)
:_______________________________.
caci, cacis <KA-ki,
KA-kiz> [ˡkakɪ,
ˡkakɪz] (masculine noun)
1 khaki (fabric, colour)
ETYMOLOGY: English khaki < Urdu < Persian khâk (= dust,
ashes)
:_______________________________.
cacynen, cacwn <ka-KƏ-nen,
KA-kun> [kaˡkənɛn,
ˡkakʊn] (feminine noun)
1 wasp
y gacynen = the wasp
:_______________________________.
cād <KAAD> [kɑːd] feminine noun
PLURAL cādau <KAA-dai, -e> [ˡkɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 battle
y gad = the battle
mynd i’r gad dros to go into battle
on behalf of; to campaign to help (a person, etc)
Mae hanner dwsin o fudiadau cefn gwlad
yn mynd i’r gad dros y ffermwyr
Half a dozen countryside organisations are going into battle for the farmers
2 element
in many personal names from the British period, some of which have survived
until modern times or have been revived in the modern period
Argad, Bodgad, Cadafael, Cadell, Cadéyrn,
Cadfael, Cadfan, Cadfarch, Cadfrawd, Cadlyw, Cadno, Cadog, Cadwal, Cadwaladr,
Cadwallon, Cadwgan, Cadwr, Dingad, Eurgad, Gwengad
3 cadlys ‘battle-court’, from which
comes pencadlys ‘main battle-court’,
‘company headquarters, administrative headquarters’
4 croesgad
crusade (croes = cross, Christian
symbol) + soft mutation + (cad =
battle)
5 cadbennaeth
commander-in-chief (cad = battle) +
soft mutation + (pennaeth = leader)
6 catrawd
regiment (cad = battle) + soft
mutation + (rhawd = army)
7 North Wales cad-yng-nghad at loggerheads
8 North Wales cad-yng-nghudyn at loggerheads
9 prefix strong, powerful; see Cadnant (= strong stream), cadwydd (= brambles, bramble brake);
see also cadarn (= strong)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cad < British *kat- < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish kaz
(= battle), Breton kad (= battle)
From the same Celtic root: Irish cath
(= battle)
On the European mainland, kat-
occurs as an element in place names in the zones which formerly had Celtic
populations
In Normandy, Caen is from a Celtic word meaning “battle field” (kat- = battle) + (mag- = field, plain)
In Welsh this
name would be Cadfa, Y Gadfa
:_______________________________.
cadach poced <KAA-dakh
PO-ked> [ˡkɑˑdax
ˡpɔkɛd] (masculine
noun)
1 handkerchief
:_______________________________.
cadair <KAA-dair,
-er> [ˡkɑˑdaɪr,
-ɛr] feminine noun
PLURAL cadeiriau
<ka-DEIR-yai, -e> [kaˡdəɪrjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 chair
= individual seat, usually with four legs and a back
y gadair the chair
Yr oedd ef yn eistedd ar gadair yn ymyl
y drws
He was sitting on a chair near the door
cadair asgellog wing chair
cadair blygu folding chair (plygu = fold)
cadair ddwyfraich armchair (dwyfraich = two arms)
cadair dreiglo (South Wales) (American:
buggy) (Englandic: pushchair; also: baby buggy, buggy) (treiglo = to roll)
cadair dro swivel chair (tro = turn)
cadair drochi ducking stool (drochi = to dip, to submerge)
cadair drydan electric chair (trydan = electricity)
cadair fawr (county of Caerfyrddin)
(mawr = big)
(1) armchair (2) big pew in a chapel (mawr
= big)
cadair freichiau armchair (breichiau = arms)
cadair gefn (Cwm Tawe) armchair (cefn = back)
cadair godi chair lift (codi = to lift)
cadair gynfas deckchair (cynfas = canvas)
cadair hir chaise longue (hir = long)
chwarae newid cadeiriau musical
chairs (chwarae = to play, newid = change)
cadair olwynion wheelchair (olwynion = wheels)
cadair siglo rocking chair, rocker (siglo = to rock)
cadair uchel baby’s high chair (uchel = high)
cadair wellt straw-bottomed chair (gwellt = straw)
cadair wiail cane chair (gwiail = canes)
cadair wrth fwrdd dining chair (wrth = next to, bwrdd = table)
cadair wthio (American: buggy)
(Englandic: pushchair; also: baby buggy, buggy) (gwthio = to push)
saer cadeiriau chair maker (saer = craftsman)
2 cathedra,
bishop’s throne in the cathedral
3 (university)
professorship
4 seat
occupied by a person presiding at a meeting or debate
cymryd y gadair take the chair,
preside
5 (place
names) fortress. In the medieval tale Breuddwyd
Facsen (the Dream of Macsen) it is related how Macsen went hunting in Caer
Fyrddin and from there onward to the summit of “Y Frevi Fawr” and set up camp
there. A Chadair Facsen y gelwir y
bebyllfa honno hyd heddiw (“And (it is) the camp of Macsen that that
encampment is called to this day”)
Cadair Idris / Cader Idris mountain
in Gwynedd which probably indicates a fort belonging to some past chief called
Idris, though in the popular tradition Idris was the name of a giant
Pencader SN4436 village in the county of Caerfyrddin ‘hill (of the) fort’
(pen = hill) + (cadair = fort)
6 (place names) rock in the shape of a chair. Cf eisteddfa <ei-STEDH-va> [əɪˡstɛðva]
(1) Cadair Arthur (“(the) seat (of) Arthur, Arthur’s seat”)
(2) Cadair Fronwen
(3) Cader yr Arglwyddes (“(the)
seat (of) the lady, The lady’s seat”)
In his Topographical Dictionary of Wales, 1849, Samuel Lewis, in describing the
parish od Llanrhaeadr yng Nghinmeirch, mentions “Cader yr Arglwyddes, an
eminence about a quarter of a mile to the west of the church”
(4) Trwyn y Gadar <TRUIN ə GAA-dar> [ˡtrʊɪn ə ˡgɑˑdar]
‘the nose (headland) (of) the chair (the rock in the form of a chair)’
SH2993 a headland on the north coast
of Ynys Môn,
(delwedd 7423)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/502079
map
7 South-west Wales cradle
8 South-west Wales udder
(of cow, ewe, goat, etc)
cadair buwch cow’s udder
9 seat
for the pencerdd (chief bard) in the hall of a Welsh king / Welsh prince
10 (1800s)
convention of bards (in this sense first used by Iolo Morganwg (1757-1826),
poet and antiquary)
Cadair Powys the Powys convention of
bards
11 chair
awarded to a bard in an eisteddfod who has won the competition for the best
poem (‘awdl’ - alliterative poem in different metres)
also: cadair eisteddfodol eisteddfod
chair
cadair bardd eisteddfod chair,
(winning) bard’s chair
cipio’r Gadair win the chair in an
eisteddfod
atal y Gadair withold the Chair =
not award the chair to any competitor, because no entry in the competition is
considered good enough
cadair ddu chair awarded
posthumously in an eisteddfod (literally: black chair, that is, one covered
with a black cloth as a sign of mourning)
12 chair
= steel socket holding a rail to the sleeper
13 (peninsula
of Llyn, county of Gwynedd) plough handles
14 cluster
of branches or twigs from the same trunk
15 cluster
of stalks from the same seed
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cadair < cadeir < British < Latin catedra < cathedra
From the same British root: Cornish kader
(= chair), Breton kader (= chair)
From the same Latin root: Irish cathair
(= city; church)
NOTE: singular form:
(1) literary pronunciation cadair <KAA-dair> [ˡkɑˑdaɪr],
(2) general colloquial form cader <KAA-der> [ˡkɑˑdɛr],
(3) north-west Wales (an ‘a-final’ area) cadar
<KAA-dar> [ˡkɑˑdar],
(4) south-east Wales (another ‘a-final’ area) catar <KAA-tar> [ˡkɑˑtar]
plural form:
(1) literary pronunciation cadeiriau
<ka-DEIR-yau> [kaˡdəɪrjaʊ],
(2) South-west cadire <ka-DII-re> [kaˡdiˑrɛ],
(3) centre and North-east cadeirie <ka-DEIR-ye> [kaˡdəɪrjɛ],
(4) North-west cadeiria <ka-DEIR-ya> [kaˡdəɪrja],
(5) South-east cadira <ka-DII-ra> [kaˡdiˑra]
:_______________________________.
Cadair Arthur
<KAA-dair, -er,
AR-thir> [ˡkɑˑdaɪr,
-ɛr, ˡarθɪr] feminine noun
1 Welsh name for the rock known as Arthur’s Seat, above Edinburgh
2 place in the peninsula of Gwyr, south-east Wales
ETYMOLOGY: ‘(the) chair (of) Arthur’ (cadair
= chair) + (Arthur = Arthur)
:_______________________________.
cadair dro <KAA-dair, -er, DROO> [ˡkɑˑdaɪr,
-ɛr, ˡdroː]
1 swivel chair
y gadair dro = the swivel chair
ETYMOLOGY: ‘chair (of) turning’ (cadair = chair) + soft mutaiton + (tro,
stem of troi = turn)
:_______________________________.
Cadair Idris <KAA-dair, -er, I-dris> [ˡkɑˑdaɪr,
-ɛr, ˡɪdrɪs]
1
(SH6913) mountain in the district of Meirionnydd (
Situated between the rivers Mawddach and Dysynni, it was on the boundary
between the old kingdoms of Gwynedd and Powys.
In local tradition, Idris was a
giant (Idris Gawr = Idris (the)
giant)
Below there is Llyn y Gadair “(the) lake (of) Y Gadair”
The peak is called Pen y Gadair “(the) peak / top (of) Y Gadair” – the
elements written separately as it is not a habitative name (The incorrect Penygadair
is sometimes seen).
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/372367
Pen y Gadair
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/372372
Pen y Gadair
Local name: Y Gader (The general
rule in writing place names is to use the standard Welsh form. Cadair [ˡkɑˑdaɪr] is generally cader [ˡkɑˑdɛr]
colloquially. This local
form is sometimes seen (Cader Idris) though modern maps have Cadair Idris.
The school in the town of
(delwedd 0035) Awst / August 2003
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) chair (of) Idris”
:_______________________________.
cadarn
<KAA-darn>
[ˡkɑˑdarn] (adjective)
1 strong
2
y rhyw gadarn (= men) the stronger
sex (“the strong sex”)
3
(district of Meirionydd) Mae’n gwyntio
yn gadarn It’s blowing hard, There’s stormy weather
:_______________________________.
cadarnle <ka-DARN-le> [kaˡdarnlɛ] masculine noun
PLURAL cadarnleoedd
<ka-darn-LEE-oidh,
-odh> [kadarnˡleˑɔɪð,
-ɔð]
1 stronghold, bastion, fort; military defensive structure
2 stronghold,
bastion = place where a principle or belief is strongly defended and supported
Cardarnle Islamyddol yw’r rhan hon o’r
wlad This part of the country is an Islamist stronghold
3 (Welsh
language) stronghold, bastion, place where the Welsh language is the majority
language of the community
Beth am ddyfodol y Gymraeg yn ei
chadarnleoedd? What about the future of Welsh in its strongholds?
4 stronghold
= place where support for a political party is very strong
Cadarnle Torïaidd oedd Mynwy Mynwy
was a stronghold of the Tory Party (= English Conservative Party)
ETYMOLOGY: (cadarn = strong) + soft
mutation + (lle = place)
:_______________________________.
caddugol <ka-DHII-gol> [kaˡðiˑgɔl] adjective
1
gloomy
ETYMOLOGY: (caddug = gloom) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
cadeiriau <ka-DEIR-yai,
-ye> [kaˡdəɪrjaɪ,
-jɛ] (plural noun)
1 chairs; see cadair
:_______________________________.
cadeirio <ka-DEIR-yo> [kaˡdəɪrjɔ]
(verb)
1 (eisteddfod) award a chair to the winning poet
ETYMOLOGY: (cadeir-, penultimate
form of cadair = chair, bishop’s
throne) + (-i-o suffix for forming
verbs).
:_______________________________.
cadeirlan ñ <ka-DEIR-lan> [kaˡdəɪrlan] feminine noun
PLURAL cadeirlannau
<ka-deir-LA-neai, -ne> [kadəɪrˡlanaɪ, -ɛ]
1 cathedral = main church in a diocese where the bishop of the
diocese has his throne
y gadeirlan = the cathedral
Cadeirlan y Santes Fair Saint Mary’s
Cathedral (name of a Roman Catholic cathedral in Wrecsam)
clos cadeirlan cathedral close, the
precincts of a cathedral
clos y gadeirlan the cathedral close
Cadeirlan Deiniol Saint Deiniol’s
Cathedral (Bangor, Gwynedd)
2 Heol
y Gadeirlan street in Caer-dydd (“road of the cathedral”). The road goes
from the centre of the city in the direction of Llan-daf, a former cathedral
village in the countryside and now a district of Caer-dydd
ETYMOLOGY: (cadeir-, penultimate
form of cadair = chair, bishop’s
throne) + soft mutation + (llan =
church).
A recent coining.
Not included in the 1953 section of Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru /
:_______________________________.
cadeirydd, cadeiryddion <ka-DEI-ridh, ka-dei-RƏDH-yon> [kaˡdəɪrɪð,kadəɪˡrəðjɔn] (masculine noun)
1 chairman
:_______________________________.
Cadfan <KAD-van> [ˡkadvan] (masculine
noun)
1 man’s name
:_______________________________.
cadfarch <KAD-varkh> [ˡkadvarx] masculine noun
PLURAL cadfeirch
<KAD-veirkh> [ˡkadvəɪrx]
1 literary warhorse
ETYMOLOGY: (cad = battle) + soft
mutation + (march = horse)
:_______________________________.
cadfloedd <KAD-vloidh> [ˡkadvlɔɪð] feminine noun
PLURAL cadfloeddiau
<kad-VLOIDH-yai, -ye> [kadˡvlɔɪðjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 literary war cry
y gadfloedd = the warcry
ETYMOLOGY: (cad = battle) + soft
mutation + (bloedd = cry)
:_______________________________.
Cadi <KAA-di> [ˡkɑˑdɪ] feminine noun
1 woman’s name (Catherine)
2 in some expressions, a girl with boyish characteristics
South Wales cadi fachgen, cati fachgen
tomboy
North Wales cadi bechgyn tomboy
3 in some expressions, a boy with girlish characteristics
North Wales cadi ffan effeminate man
North Wales cadi genod boy who prefers the company of girls
cadi merched boy who prefers the
company of girls
cadi Martha effeminate man
ETYMOLOGY: Possibly a variant of Welsh Cati,
pet form of Catryn (= Catherine),
but more likely Cadi is direct from
English Kaddy < Katty < Katharine (there was a tendency to voice medial consonants in some
words in English)
NOTE: in the south-east, Cadi > Cati (the initial consonants “d, b, g”
of the final syllable become devoiced “t, p, c” in this region)
:_______________________________.
Cadi Siân Dafydd
<KAA-di SHAAN
DAA-vidh> [ˡkɑˑdɪ
ˡʃɑːn ˡdɑˑvɪð] feminine noun
1 a woman who renounces the Welsh language and culture in the belief
that anything English is far superior; Welshwoman who shows contempt for her
language and nation, preferring to be considered English
A man with these attitudes is a “Dic
Siôn Dafydd” “Dick / Richard (son of) John (son of) David”. This was the
name of a character in a poem of the same name by Jac Glanygors (John Jones,
1766-1821). Dic moves to
The name for the female equivalent was used by Emrys ap Iwan in “Breuddwyd Pabydd
Wrth ei Ewyllys” (c. 1890) (‘a papist’s dream off how he would have things to
be’).
ETYMOLOGY:
(Cadi = Catherine, Catty) + (Siân = Jane) + (Dafydd = David),
“Cadi (daughter of) Siân (daughter of) Dafydd;
This is an imitation of Dic Siôn Dafydd
–
(1) substitution of Cadi as a
common name for a woman; a clever substitution since it shares three letters
with the name Dic
(2) Siân instead of Siôn - a common name for a girl and the
name corresponding to Siôn,
(3) retention of Dafydd as the final element
:_______________________________.
cadlan <KAD-lan> [ˡkadlan] feminine noun
PLURAL cadlannau
<kad-LA-nai, -ne> [kadˡlanaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (obsolete) battlefield
y gadlan = the battlefield
ETYMOLOGY: (cad = battle) + soft
mutation + (llan = field)
:_______________________________.
cadlanc <KAD-langk> [ˡkadlaŋk] masculine noun
PLURAL cadlanciau
<kad-LANGK-yai, -ye> [kadˡlaŋkjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 cadet = student at a military college or a naval college
2 cadet = young person training to become a military or naval officer
ETYMOLOGY: (cad = battle) + soft
mutation + (llanc = youth, lad,
young man)
:_______________________________.
cadlas <KAD-las> [ˡkadlas] feminine noun
PLURAL cadlasau
<kad-LA-sai, -se> [kadˡlasaɪ, -ɛ]
1 obsolete green,
enclosure (for playing certain games - bowls, tennis)
y gadlas = the green
2 farmyard
3 North Wales rickyard =
place to store hay
4 South-east Wales; obsolete dance = a get-together for dancing, merrymaking
5 Y
Gadlas <ə GAD-las> [ə ˡgadlas] (=
the farmyard) monthly Welsh-language community newspaper serving the area
between the rivers Conwy <KOO-nui> [ˡkoˑnʊɪ] and
Clwyd <KLUID> [klʊɪd] in North-west Wales, south of the village of Abergele <a-ber-GEE-le> [abɛrˡgeˑlɛ]
6 Place names:
..a/
In Llýsfaen, Baecolwyn,
..b/ Possibly Gatlas ST3492 (
Query: I have no earlier examples of this
place name - is this from gadlas / gadlys? On the map it is seen to
be near a ‘Civil War Fort’
Such a form would be expected in the south-east (Y Gadlas > Y Gatlas)
since devoicing d > t occurs generally before a vowel if at the head
of the penultimate syllable.
This seems too to be the case of dl > tl in the south-eastern dialect
– as in the case of Pysgodlyn (fishpond) > Pysgotlyn
..c/
..d/ Y Gadlas SJ3637 farm in Shropshire, England, near Llandudlyst yn y
Traean / Dudleston Heath
Beside it on the map there is a symbol for an earthwork, marked ‘Moat’
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/367163
ETYMOLOGY: cadlas < cadlys (= fort, earthworks). The change
> a apparently happened as a
result of the influence of the ‘a’ in the first syllable.
Other examples of this are the words
Siarlas (= Charles) < Siarlys, and
taplas (= merrymaking, party) < taplys
:_______________________________.
cadle <KAD-le> [ˡkadlɛ] masculine noun
PLURAL cadleoedd
<kad-LEE-oidh, -odh> [kadˡleˑɔɪð, -ɔð]
1 battlefield
2 place
names:
...(1) Cadle, near Fforest-fach (
...(2) Bodgadle in the
ETYMOLOGY: (cad = battle) + soft
mutation + (lle = place)
:_______________________________.
cadlef <KAD-lev> [ˡkadlɛv] feminine noun
PLURAL cadlefau
<kad-LEE-vai, -ve> [kadˡleˑvaɪ, -ɛ]
1 warcry, battle cry
y gadlef = the battle cry
ETYMOLOGY: (cad = battle) + soft
mutation + (llef = cry)
:_______________________________.
cadlys <KAD-lis> [ˡkadlɪs] feminine noun
PLURAL cadlysoedd
<kad-LƏS-oidh,
odh> [kadˡləsɔɪð,
-ɔð]
1 defensive ditch; fort, camp;
it occurs in the place names
...(1) y Gadlys, Aber-dâr (county of
Rhondda Cynon Taf, South-east Wales),
...(2) y Gadlys, Llangynwyd (county
of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr, South-east Wales)
2 courtyard, enclosure; see the entry cadlas above
3 pencadlys masculine noun
‘main battle-court’, ‘company headquarters, administrative headquarters’
ETYMOLOGY: (cad <kaad> [kɑːd] = battle) + soft mutation (+ llys <lhiis> [ɬiːs] = court). In
modern Welsh llys is masculine, but
in older Welsh it was originally feminine; in certain old compounds such as cadlys it remains feminine, as well as
in some place names (Llys-wen =
(the) white court, rather than Llys-gwyn)
:_______________________________.
Cadnant <KAD-nant> [ˡkadnant] feminine noun
1 Afon Cadnant river in the county of Gwynedd near Caernarfon SH4963
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH4963
map
2
Afon Cadnant river in the
county of Conwy near the town of Conwy SH8654
...Ysgol Cadnant name of a school in
the town of Conwy
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/340681
map
3 Afon
Cadnant river in the county of Môn
near the village of Porthaethwy SH5675
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH5675
map
4 Cadnant SJ1418 stream south of Llanfyllin, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1418
map
5 Cadnant stream near Pen-y-bont-fawr (Powys)
Cadnant SJ0295 A farm by this stream
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/143583
map
(delwedd 7454)
ETYMOLOGY: (cad prefix = strong,
forceful, < cad = battle) + (nant = stream); the sense is “stream
with a strong flow”, rushing headlong as in a battle
:_______________________________.
cadno <KAD-no> [ˡkadnɔ] masculine noun
PLURAL cadnóid,
cadnawod, cadnawon, cedny <kad-NOID,
kad-NAU-od, kad-NAU-on, KED-ni> [kadˡnɔɪd,
kadˡnaʊɔd, kadˡnaʊɔn, ˡkɛdnɪ]
South Wales
1 fox
2 fox = (this animal hunted as a pastime)
hela cadnoaid foxhunting, hunting
foxes
3 (during
the day) unreliable weather - fair weather which is likely to give way to bad
weather later in the day
-Ryn ni wedi cael tywydd teg o’r diwedd
-O, cadno yw e
-We’ve got good weather at last
-Oh, it won’t last the morning (“it is a fox”)
4 (during a period longer than a day) unreliable weather
diwrnod cadno a fine day in the
middle of wet weather
5 Hys gyda’r ci a hwi gyda’r cadno to have a foot in both camps, to
support both sides in a dispute (“‘at him, boy!’ with the dog and ‘let’s go!’
with the fox”)
6 crafty person, sly person, cunning person
Mae’n hen gadno = he’s a smart one
7 sly person, cunning person, untrustworthy person (the word is used
by some monolingual speakers of Cambrian English in the south - “Don’t trust
him - he’s a proper old cadno”
mor ffalsed â’r cadno as
untrustworthy as the fox, as false as the fox
cyfrwys fel cadno as sly as a fox,
as cunning as a fox, as artful as a monkey (in the north: “fel llwynog” = like
a fox)
8 derogatory - unpleasant person, despicable person
(y brenin gormesol) Da gennym i gyd, mi wn, fod addysg a diwylliant wedi
gyrru’r cadno hwnnw i’w ffau am byth
(the figure of the depostic king) we are all thankful, I know, that
education and culture have sent that fox / despicable character to his den for
ever
ETYMOLOGY: Cadno is most likely a
personal name (not used in modern Welsh) with a final element -gno (= well-known, fine). Some names
of this type are found incorporated in place names –
..1/ Beuno (Llanfeuno, in
..2/ Gwyddno (Porthwyddno, older
form of Y Borth in the
..3/ Machno (Afon Machno, river in
Conwy county, Penmachno - a village by this river),
..4/ Mochno (Cors Fochno, a bog in
the
..5/ Tudno (Llandudno,
For more information on these names see -gno.
The first element in Cadno is cad = battle, from Celtic kat-, an element used frequently in
Celtic compound names, and found in Welsh names such as Cadwaladr, and Cadfael
(and its hypochoristic form Cadog).
The name may have been used to avoid using the ‘real name’ for the animal.
There are examples in many languages of a taboo on using this ‘real name’ of
certain animals and alluding to them by the use of descriptive forms or
personal names.
(1) In north
(2) In Catalan, the animal is guineu
- in origin a Germanic personal name ‘Winihild’.
(3) In the Lowlandic language of
(4) In English ‘Reynard’ was a common by-name for a fox, from the medieval
story Renard The Fox.
Compare bynames for the hare - y gwta
or y gota (“the bob-tailed
(animal)”), and the usual name for the animal which is probably also from a
byname - yr ysgyfarnog - (“the eared
(animal)”, the animal with long ears)
NOTE: popularly cadnoaid > cadnöid; and there is a metathesised
form cedny > cendy; in South-east Wales there is metathesis of cadno > canddo / cynddo
The singular form cadnaw
sometimes found in literature is results from imitation of other words in a
final -o which is a reduction of a
historial -aw still found in
derivatives.
An example is athro = teacher. The -aw is seen in the plural athrawon and the feminine form athrawes (= woman teacher). For this
reason some writers considered that the obsolete form athraw was more correct than the modern reduced form athro.
(In fact, cadnaw is not a recent
form since there is an example of it as long ago as the 1400s).
Thus cadnaw comes from the belief
that this is the underlying form of cadno,
though this is not the case. In turn, from cadnaw
come
(1) the plural forms cadnawon, cadnawod
(more usually cadnoid, cedny) and
(2) the word for vixen cadnawes
(more usually cadnöes).
The -aw form could also be the
result of the influence of the word cenau
= young dog, young fox, the plural of which is cenawon
:_______________________________.
cadnöes <kad-NOO-es> [kadˡnoˑɛs] feminine noun
PLURAL cadnoesau
<kad-no-E-sai, -e> [kadnɔˡɛsaɪ, -ɛ]
1 vixen = female fox;
y gadnöes = the vixen
ETYMOLOGY: (cadno = fox) + (-es suffix for forming nouns which
indicate a female)
NOTE: also cadnawes; in
:_______________________________.
cadoediad <kad-OID-yad> [kadˡɔɪdjad] masculine noun
PLURAL cadoediadau
<kad-oid-YAA-dai, -e> [kadɔɪdˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 ceasefire, truce = temporary pause in fighting
cadoediad dros dro temporary truce
2 armistice, peace = cessation of fighting to discuss peace terms
Diwrnod y Cadoediad Armistice Day,
anniversary of the armistice signed on Nov 11 1918 which ended the First World
War (USA: Veterans Day). After the Second World War it was replaced by Sul y Coffa, (Remembrance Sunday) (also
called Dydd y Coffa Remembrance
Day), the second Sunday in November and so the Sunday closest to November 11;
on this day the dead of both World Wars are commemorated
3 ceisio cadoediad seek a truce
ETYMOLOGY: (cad = battle) + (oediad = delay)
:_______________________________.
Cadog ‹KAA-dog›
masculine noun
1 in older Welsh, a hypochoristic form of Cadfael
ETYMOLOGY: (cad-, first element of
the name Cadfael) + (-og suffix)
The Breton equivalent is Kazeg
NOTE: In South-east Wales Cadog >
Catwg.
See Catwg, Llangatwg
:_______________________________.
cadr ‹kadr› adjective
1 obsolete handsome
2 obsolete powerful,
mighty
3 as an element in certain names for males from the British period: Cedrig, Cedris
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *kat-ro
< *kat- = to fight.
In Breton it is in everyday use as kaer
(= beautiful, fair) < kazr <
British *kat-ro
:_______________________________.
Cadrod ‹kad -rod›
masculine noun
1 early Welsh personal name
2 Cadrawd early form of the name, with the diphthong aw, which in
modern Welsh in the final syllable is the simple vowel o
Cadrawd was the pseudonym of Thomas Christopher Evans (1846-1918)
3 Cadrawd Calchfynydd a ruler of the district of Calchfynydd in the
500s; this was possibly in southern Scotland (Calchfynydd is “chalk mountain”,
probably modern day (English) Kelso / (Scots) Kelsae / (Gàidhlig)
Cealsach.
ETYMOLOGY: (cad = battle) + soft mutation + (rhawd = course, route)
> Cadrawd > Cadrod
:_______________________________.
cadw ‹KA
du› (verb)
1 keep
2 cadw ar rywun cover
up for somebody
.....Un peth ydi i mi gau fy ngheg am y dwyn - peth arall ydi i mi gadw ar
lofrudd
It’s one thing for me to keep my mouth shut about the theft – but it’s
quite another thing to cover up for a murderer
3 cadw + NOUN
CEFN: cadw cefn rhywun plead someone’s cause
CYFRINACH: cadw cyfrinach keep a secret
.....Rw i ar fy llw i gadw’r gyfrinach
I’ve sworn not to tell the secret, I’m sworn to secrecy (“I’m on my oath to
keep the secret”)
DYDD: cadw dydd yr Arglwydd keep the Lord’s
Day, keep the Sabbath, observe the Lord’s Day
GOLWG: cadw golwg am look
out for something
GWELY: cadw’ch gwely be confined to bed, be in
bed, stay in bed
LLONG: cadw llong uwchláw’r dŵr keep a
ship afloat
LLYGAD: cadw llygad am look out for, keep an eye out for
LLYGAID: cadw’ch llygaid yn eich gwegil to have
a blinkered attitude (“to keep your eyes in the back of your neck”)
PWYLL: cadw’ch pwyll keep your wits about you,
act prudently (“keep your prudence”)
STŴR: cadw stŵr make
a noise, be rowdy
SŴN: cadw sŵn make
a noise
TREFN: cadw trefn gaeth ar (rywbeth)
strictly control (something
TWRW: cadw twrw make
a noise, be rowdy
3 cadw + yn (= as)
RHYWBETH: cadw (rhywbeth) yn ddirgelwch keep
(something) a secret
4 cadw + yn (= linking particle)
cadw yn heini ‹KA du
ən HEI ni› / cadw’n heini
(verb) keep fit
5 cadw + rhag (= preposition)
cadw rhag annwyd escape a
cold
6 cadw + adverbial phrase
cadw yn y cudd keep a low profile, keep your head down, try not to draw
attention, remain in hiding (“keep
in the hiding”)
7
cas cadw da healthy outward
appearance, (man, animal), good condition
(“condition (of) good keeping”) (cas
= case, condition) + (cadw = to
keep, keeping) + (da = good )
...mewn cas cadw da in good
condition; in good repair, in good working order
8 (past participle) kept, kept by, saved; reserved;
llaeth cadw milk kept for churning,
milk for churning ("kept milk")
sedd gadw PLURAL seddau cadw reserved seat
9 (in
phrases meaning ‘to make a noise”)
cadw stŵr make a noise, be rowdy
cadw sŵn make a noise
cadw twrw make a noise, be rowdy
10 save from perdition, preserve
South Wales Dir caton pawb! may God save us all! God preserve us! < Duw a’n catwo ni bawb (“may God save us
all”)
NOTE: In the English dialect of Llanidloes:
DINE GATTON PAWB, an exclamatory phrase expressive of wonder and
astonishment a corruption of a Welsh phrase which means “God preserve us all”: (Parochial
Account of Llanidloes / Edward Hamer / Chapter X / Folk-lore. Page 289
Collections Historical and Archeological
Relating to Montgomeryshire and its Borders / 1877)
11 observe a religious day, observe a
tradition
cadw’r Calan observe New Year traditions; observance of New Year
traditions
cadw’r Saboth observe the Sabbath; observance of the Sabbath
12 keep in prison
anfon rhywun i’w gadw send somenbody to be jail, send somebody to
be locked up
:_______________________________.
Cadwaladr ‹kad
WA la dər› (masculine noun)
1 man’s name
2 Familiar form: Dwalad
..a/ Cadwaladr > Cadwalad (loss
of final r after d, which occurs in other names and words in Welsh e.g.
Llangynidr > Llangynid)
..b/ Cadwalad > Dwalad (loss
of the pretonic syllable, a common feature of Welsh)
3 ap Cadwaladr son of Cadwaladr
(patronymic with ap)
Dafydd ap Cadwaladr David, son of Cadwaladr
ferch Cadwaladr daughter of
Cadwaladr (patronymic with ferch)
Gwenllian ferch Cadwaladr Gwenllian, daughter of Cadwaladr
4 Cadwaladr (patronymic without ap
or ferch)
Dafydd Cadwaladr David, son of Cadwaladr
Gwenllian Cadwaladr Gwenllian,
daughter of Cadwaladr
5 Cadwaladr fixed surname (=
ancestor of [ap] Cadwaladr)
In English it has some spellings at variance with the Welsh forms: Cadwa