kimkat1071e A Welsh to English Dictionary in scroll-down format. Geiriadur Cymraeg a Saesneg ar fformat sgrolio-i-lawr.

11-09-2020

● kimkat0001 Yr Hafan / Home Page www.kimkat.org
● ● kimkat2001k Y Fynedfa Gymraeg / Welsh-language Gateway www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwefan/gwefan_arweinlen_2001k.htm
● ● ● kimkat1798k Geiriaduron a Geirfaon / Dictionaries and Vocabularies
www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriaduron_yn_ol_y_seiliaith_1798k.htm
● ● ● ● kimkat1818e Cyfeirddalen y geiriadur hwn / Index to the online dictionary http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_mynegai_1818e.htm
● ● ● ● ● kimkat1071e This page / Y tudalen hwn

 

0003g_delw_baneri_cymru_catalonia_050111
 (delwedd 0003)

 

 

 

 

 

Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia
El Web de Gal
·les i Catalunya
The Wales-Catalonia Website

Y Gwe-eiriadur
An Internet dictionary of Welsh for speakers of English

CE

Y Llyfr Ymwelwyr / El Llibre de Visitants / The Guestbook:
http://pub5.bravenet.com/guestbook/391211408/


a-7000_kimkat1356k
Beth sy’n newydd?


 

A close up of text on a white background

Description automatically generated(delwedd 4666)

...

 

 A
 

 AR

 B

 BR

 C

 CE

 CI

 

 CR
 

 CY

 D

 DI

 E

 F

bbb7000_kimkat1021e_G G

 

 GW
 

 GWI

 H

 I, J, K

 L

 M

 MI

 

 N
 

 O

 P

 PL, Q

 R

 S

 T

 

 TR
 

 U, V

 W, X

 Y, Z      

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 
 cebáb ‹ke BAB, ke BÀ be / ke BABS› (masculine noun) [kɛˡbab, kɛˡbabz]

1 kebab = meat and vegetables cooked on a skewer

cebáb sbeisiog spicy kebab (colloquially, cebáb sbeisi)

shish-cebáb shish-kebab

:_______________________________.

cebystr, cebystrau ‹KE bist, ke BƏS tre› [ˡkeˑbɪstr, kɛˡbɪstrɛ, -aɪ] (masculine noun) (North Wales)

The colloquial form is ceb
yst’ [ˡkeˑbɪst]

1 halter (rope for holding animals);

2 hangman’s noose

3 beth geb
yst’... (North Wales) = what the hell...?

:_______________________________.

Cedewain ‹ke DEU ain› [kɛˡdɛuaɪn] (feminine noun) (kantrev name)

1 medieval territory in the North-east

Llanfair yng Nghedewain
former hamlet in Powys, replaced in 1279 by the Norman borough of Y Drenewydd (“(the place called) Llanfair (which is) in Cedewain”).

 

There are many settlements called Llanfair (“Marychurch”) and in most cases they are differentiated by the addition of a tag, as in this case.

:_______________________________.

cedor <KEE-dor> [ˡkeˑdɔr] feminine and masculine noun
PLURAL
cedorau <ke-DOO-rai, -rai, -e> [kɛˡdoˑraɪ, -ɛ]

1 pubic hair(s)

y gedor = the pubic hair

llau cedor pubic lice, lice in the pubic hair; crab lice, crabs (Phthirus pubis)

Cywydd y Cedor “(the) poem (of )the pubic hair”, a strict-metre work in praise of the vulva by Gwerful Mechain, a female poet in the 1400s from the kúmmud of Mechain in Powys.

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic

Breton: kezhour (= pubic hair), Irish: caithir (= down, pubic hair)

NOTE: see cedowrach (= deadly nightshade, belladona), from cedor y wrach (= (the) pubic hair (of) the witch)

:_______________________________.

cedor gelc <KEE-dor GELK> [keˑdɔr ˡgɛlk] feminine noun

North Wales

1 hair of the armpit

ETYMOLOGY: “hidden pubic-like hair” (cedor = pubic hair, hair resembling pubic hair) + soft mutation + (celc = hidden)

:_______________________________.

cedor y wrach <KEE-dor ə wRAAKH> [keˑdɔr ə ˡwrɑːɑˑx] feminine noun

1 see cedowrach

:_______________________________.

cedorol <ke-DOO-rol> [kɛˡdoˑrɔl] adjective

1
pubic

ETYMOLOGY: (cedor = pubic hair) + (-ol = suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

cedowrach <ke-DOU-rakh> [kɛˡdourax] feminine noun

1
Atropa belladonna = deadly nightshade, belladona

y gedowrach = the belladona

ETYMOLOGY: cedowrach < cedor y wrach = ((the) pubic hair (of) the witch)

NOTE: codwarth (a variant of this word)

:_______________________________.

cedr KEDR [ˡkɛdr] masculine non

1
cedar; see cedrwydden

ETYMOLOGY: (in the 1500s) Cymricisation of Latin cedrus (= cedar)

:_______________________________.

Cedron <KE-dron> [ˡkɛdrɔn]

1
Kedron, Kidron; a ravine below the eastern wall of Jerusalem, a small stream which rises near Jerusalem, and flows through the Iehosophat valley, disgorging into the Dead Sea

(1) Ioan 18:1 Gwedi i’r Iesu ddywed
yd y geiriau hyn, efe a aeth allan, efe a’i ddisgyblion, dros afon Cedron, lle yr oedd gardd, i’r hon yr aeth efe a’i ddisgyblion

John 18:1 When Jesus has spoken these words, he went forth with his disciples over the brook Cedron, where was a garden, into the which he entered, and his disciples

2 chapel name (eg for example, at Nanmor, near Beddgelert) (name said to be given because the chapel was next to a stream)

NOTE: The same stream is mentioned another nine times in the Welsh Bible, but as Cidron (qv)

:_______________________________.

cedrwydden <kedr--dhen> [kɛdrˡwəðɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL
cedrwydd <KEDR-widh> [ˡkɛdrwɪð]

1
cedar tree

y gedrwydden = the cedar tree

ETYMOLOGY: (cedr = cedar) + soft mutation + (gwydden = tree)

:_______________________________.

cedrwydden Líbanus <kedr--dhen LI-ba-nis> [kɛdrˡwəðɛn ˡlɪbanɪs] feminine noun
PLURAL
cedrwydd Líbanus <KEDR-widh LI-ba-nis> [ˡkɛdrwɪð ˡlɪbanɪs]

1
cedar of Lebanon = Cedrus libani, tall tree, level spreading branches

ETYMOLOGY: (cedrwydden = cedar) + (Líbanus = Lebanon)

:_______________________________.

Cedweli <ked-WEE-li> [kɛdˡweˑlɪ] (feminine noun) (kantrev name)

1 medieval territory in the South-west; town in the South-west

:_______________________________.

cedyrn <KEE-dirn> [ˡkeˑdɪrn] adjective

1 plural form of the adjective cadarn = strong.

ced
yrn rhyfel mighty (literary) warriors (“strong ones (of) war”)
PLURal adjectives in Welsh are also used as plural nouns - y ced
yrn (= the strong)

Yn
ys y Cedyrn the island of Britain (“(the) island) of the mighty (warriors)”)

:_______________________________.

Y Cefan KEE-van> [ə ˡkvan]

1 south-eastern form of the place name Y Cefn.

This is a short form of name beginning with cefn (= hill):

..1/ Cefncoedycymer

Ma fa’n b
yw ar y Cefan He lives in Cefncoedycymer

..2/ Cefncribwr

NOTE: cefn > cefen
<KEE-ven> [ˡkvɛn] in the south. In south-east Wales, a final e become a, hence cefan. Dialectally there can also be palatalisation of the c to give Y Ciefan [ə ˡkjeˑvan]

:_______________________________.

ceffyl, ceffylau ‹KE fil, ke FƏ lai, -e› [ˡkeˑfɪl] [kɛˡfəlaɪ, kɛˡfəlɛ] (masculine noun)

Diminutive form: ceffylyn
[kɛˡfəlɪn]

A clipped form of ceffylau is ’ffyle [ˡfəlɛ]

1 horse

2
ceffyl wedi rhedeg a runaway horse (“hore after running”)

3 ceffyl pren wooden horse

mor brìn â chachu ceffyl pren (said of something scarce) “as scarce as the shit of a wooden horse”

4 Ceffylyn Rhygyngog (“(the) ambling nag”) A
folk tune in a “The Cambrian Quarterly Magazine and Celtic Repertory” (1830). The English name is given as “Galloping Nag”.

:_______________________________.

ceffyl haearn <KEE-fil HEI-arn> [ˡkeˑfɪl ˡhəɪarn] masculine noun
PLURAL
ceffylau haearn <ke--lai, -le, HEI-arn> [kɛˡfəlaɪ, -ɛ, ˡhəɪarn]

1 (obsolete) (poetic) car

2 (obsolete) bicycle

In the days of long ago, when bicycles were an object of awe and wonder to the youth of Carnarvon, we never called them by any other name other than ceffyl haearn or car gwyllt

T Hudson Williams (1873-1961), University College, Bangor / Vox Populi - A Plea for the Vulgar Tongue

NOTE: ceffyl haearn = iron horse, car gwyllt = wild sled


3
(obsolete) train

4 andiron, fire dog

ceff
yl haearn = offeryn haearn, ar lun ceffyl, yn cadw'r tân yn drefnus

(t195 Rhai o Eiriau Llafar Sir Drefaldw
yn BBCS 1, Rhan 3 Tachwedd 1922)

an iron implement, horse-shaped, which keeps the fire tidy

(Some Spoken Words from Montgomeryshire, BBCS 1, Part 3, November 1922)

ETYMOLOGY: “iron horse” (ceff
yl = horse) + (haearn = iron)




:_______________________________.

cefn, cefnau <KEVN, KEE-ven, KEV-nai, -ai, -e> [kɛvn, ˡkeˑvɛn,ˡkɛvnaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)

1 back

2 cael eich cefn atoch recover after an illness (“get your back to you”)

3 bod â’ch cefn at (person) have one’s back turned to (someone); (house) back onto (“be with your back towards”)

Roedd Elen â’i chefn ato wrth iddi agor y llythyr
Elen had her back towards him as she opened the letter

Mae’r t
y â’i gefn at y parc The house backs onto the par

4 middle (of a period of time)

gefn trymedd nos in the dead of night
(“back (of) heaviness (of) night”)

5 clap ar y cefn a clap on the back (a sign of congratulation)

6 cadw cefn rhywun plead someone’s cause (“keep (the) back (of) somebody”)

7 torri cefn y gwaith break the back of the work

8 adnabod rhywbeth fel cefn eich llaw know something like the back of your hand

9
wrth gefn set by, in reserve

bod gennych ddigon wrth gefn to have enough to live on

cadw (rh
ywbeth) wrth gefn keep something in reserve

cynllun wrth gefn contingency plan

bod â chwestiwn wrth gefn have a question ready to spring on somebody, have a surprise question, have a question up your sleeve

10 (Topography) (Place-names) ridge, hill; = low long hill

(According to the journal of the Cardiganshire Antiquarian Society 1936 / 11 / p65: “ridge or ‘backbone’ of a mountain or hill. ‘Cefn’ is the word generally applied to a ridge or high land at the top of a valley”

(See Cefn Coch, Cefn Brith, etc)

11 Hwnnw oedd y gwelltyn olaf ar gefn y camel this was the straw that broke the camel’s back, this was the last straw (“this was the last straw on the back of the camel”)

12 trachefn <tra-KHEE-ven> [traˡxeˑvɛn] obsolete, preposition behind (tra = beyond) + spirant mutation + (cefn = back)

In South Wales, trachefn > trachefen, trachefan

“Kae tracheuen y skibbor”, Year 1676; Llangrallo / Laleston (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr / Bridgend)

In modern spelling this is

Cae Trachefen y Sgubor
<KAI tra-KHEE-ven ə SKII-bor> [ˡkai traˡxeˑvɛn ə ˡskiˑbɔr],

a colloquial form of literary Welsh Y Cae Trachefn yr Ysgubor <ə KAI tra-KHEVN ər ə-SKII-bor> [ə ˡkai traˡxɛvn ər əˡskiˑbɔr],

though the local pronunciation is likely to have been “Cä’ Trachevan y Sgupor” <ə KÄÄ tra-KHEE-van ə SKII-por> [ə ˡkæː traˡxeˑvan ə ˡskiˑpɔr],

“the field behind the barn” (y = the) + (cae = field) + (trachefn = behind) + (y = the) + (ysgubor = barn)

13 drachefn
<dra-KHEE-ven> [draˡxeˑvɛn] adverb again

NOTE: diminutive form cefnen (qv)

:_______________________________.

Cefncribwr ‹KEE-ven-KRII-bur›

1
village in Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr

The local form would be Cefancripwr

Cofiant Matthews, Ewenni, John James Morgan, 1922, p397

Meddwyn yn y trên nos Sadwrn yn methu agor ond cil un llygad, yn bloeddio’n barhaus, “Blodau’r byd yw’r Pil a Chefancribwr.”

A drunk on the train one Saturday night, with one eye half open (“unable to open but the corner of one eye”), shouting out constantly, “Y Pîl and Cefncribwr are the best places on earth.”

ETYMOLOGY: ??cefn y cribwr

:_______________________________.

Cefnbychan ‹ke-ven- -khan›

1
locality in Wrecsam. English name: Newbridge

ETYMOLOGY: y cefn bychan = ‘liitle hill’ (y definite article) + (cefn = back, hill) + (bychan = little)

:_______________________________.

cefnder ("ce’nder"), cefnderwyr ‹KEVN der, KEN der; kevn DER wir› (masculine noun)

1 cousin

:_______________________________.

cefndir, cefndiroedd ‹KEVN dir, kevn-DII-roidh, -rodh› (masculine noun)

1 background

2 cilio i’r cefndir take a back seat, fade into the background, move out of the public eye (“retreat to the background”)

ETYMOLOGY: (cefn = back) + soft mutation + (tir = land, ground)




:_______________________________.

cefndrum ‹KEVN drim› (feminine noun)

1 ridge

y Gendrum ‹O GEN drim›

:_______________________________.

cefnen, cefnenni <KEV-nen, kev-NE-ni> [ˡkɛvnɛn, kɛvˡnɛnɪ] (feminine noun)

1 hillside, ridge

Mae terfyn y ddwy dafodiaith 'a' ac 'e' ar y gefnen rhwng Pandytudur

a Gwytherin

The boundary between the two dialects ‘a’ and ‘e’ is on the ridge between Pandytudur and Gwytherin

7416_cymru_tafodieithoedd_090302_pandytudur

(delwedd 7416)

cefnen dywod, cefnenni tywod sandbank

ETYMOLOGY: (cefn = ridge, hillside) + (en diminutive suffix)


:_______________________________.

cefnffordd, cefnffyrdd ‹KEVN-fordh, KEVN-firdh› [ˡkɛvnfɔrð, ˡkɛvnfɪrð] (masculine noun)

1 ridgeway, road along a ridge

 ETYMOLOGY: (cefn = back) + (ffordd = road)

NOTE: In South Wales as cenffordd
‹KEVN-fordh, KEVN-firdh› [ˡkɛvnfɔrð, ˡkɛvnfɪrð]

cefnffordd > ce’nffordd / cenffordd

The loss of [v] in compounds where cefn is the first element is common

Hence Y Genffordd SO1730, a farm south of Talgarth, Powys, and Pengenffordd SO1730, a hamlet here.

pen y gefnffordd “(the) end (of) the ridgeway” (pen = end) + (y definite article) + (cefnffordd = ridgeway)

7487_penygenffordd_090408

(delwedd 7487)

:_______________________________.

cefnfor, cefnforoedd ‹KEVN vor, kevn-VORR-oidh, -odh› (masculine noun)

1 ocean

 ETYMOLOGY: (cefn = back) + soft mutation + (môr = sea)

NOTE: In South Wales as cenfor
‹KEN vor›.

In many words in Welsh with the element cefn in the penultimate syllable , the [v] is elided

cefnraff > cenraff, cefnfordd > cenffordd, cefnder > cender, cefnllif > cenlli, Y Gefnros > Y Genros / Y Gendros, etc

:_______________________________.

cefngrwm ‹KEVN grum› (adjective)

1
having a curved back

2 (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) eog cefngrwm (m) eogiaid cefngrwm pink salmon

:_______________________________.

cefn gwlad ke-ven gwlaad masculine noun

1
countryside = the rural part of a land;

yng nghefn gwlad in the countryside, upcountry

b
yw yng nghefn gwlad live in the country

yng nghefn gwlad Cymru in the Welsh countryside

Un o synau cyfarw
ydd yr haf yng nghefn gwlad Cymru yn y dyddiau a fu

oedd crawcian y rhegen yr
yd

One of the familiar summer sounds in the Welsh countryside in days gone by was the croaking of the corncrake

Deddf Byw
yd Gwyllt a Chefn Gwlad the Wildlife and Coutnryside Act (= environmental protection law)

Rheolau Cefn Gwlad The Countryside Code (recommendations and prohibitions for visitors to rural areas – e.g. keep dogs on a lead, not to light fires, not to leave farm gates open, etc)

Nid
yw cefn gwlad yn Baradwys Ddaearol o bell ffordd

The countryside is not an earthly Paradise by any manner of means

parc cefn gwald country parka countryside area close to a built-up area to give town-dwellers and city-dwellers an easily accessible rural environment

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) middle / the back(bone) (of the) country” (cefn = middle; back) + (gwlad = country)

:_______________________________.

Cefnhafodau KEE-ven-ha-VOO-dai, -de›

1
farm in Powys, in Llangurig parish

7533_cefnhafodau_090602 

ETYMOLOGY: “cefn yr hafodau” “(the) hill (of) the summer places / the summer pastures / the summer dwellings” (cefn = back, hill) + + (yr definite article) + (hafodau, plural of hafod = summer place)

:_______________________________.

cefn haul KEE-ven hail

1
place shaded from the sun

yng nghefn haul out of the sun’s reach

Yr oedd yn dyddyn bychan, gwlyb, oer, creigiog, anial, yn nghefn haul, ar ochr ogleddol y llechwedd serth hwnw a elwir ‘Newydd Fynyddog.’

It was a tiny smallholding, wet, cold, craggy, barren, out of the sun’s reach, on the northern side of the steep slope called “Newydd Fynyddog”

ETYMOLOGY: (cefn = back) + (haul = sun)

:_______________________________.

Cefn Hirfynydd KEE-ven hir--nidh›

1
(SO4194 ) ridge 13 km long by Church Stretton in Shropshire, England.

English name: The Long Mynd (“mynd” is an adaptation of Welsh “myn
ydd”)

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) ridge (of) Hirfyn
ydd”)

(cefn = ridge); Hirfyn
ydd is “long mountain” (hir = long) + soft mutation + ( mynydd = mountain, hill)

:_______________________________.

Cefn Llangatwg KEE-ven lhan-GAA-tug›

1
place (formerly?) in Llangatwg Lingoed, Mynwy

25 July 1534… also 1 close of arable land called Teer Lloyn Deed, late in tenure of Howell David Hoell lying in a place called Kevenne Llangattok in the parish of Llangattoke.

http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~llangattocklingoed/deedswills/hanbury.html#1518B Hanbury Family Papers

7287_CYMRU_OREN_llangatwg_091216

(delwedd 7287)

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) hill / ridge (of / overlooking) Llangatwg ”)

NOTE: The spelling represents the local form Cefen Llangatwg. It would seem that Llangatwg was not in fact within the south-eastern “final –a” zone

7423_seren_seran_fersiwn_fer_090304

:_______________________________.

cefnllif kevn -lhi› masculine noun

1
deluge, torrent; see cenllif

:_______________________________.

cefnogi ‹kev NO gi› (verb)

1 to back, to support

:_______________________________.

cefn wrth gefn ke –ven urth ge-ven› adjective

1
back to back

tai cefn wrth gefn back to back houses

ETYMOLOGY: (cefn = back) + soft mutation + (cefn)

:_______________________________.

Cefn y Castell ‹ke-ven-ə- ka -stelh›

1
third highest (364m) of three peaks of Mynydd Breiddin

English name: Middletown Hill

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) hill (of) the castle”)

(cefn = back, hill) + (y definite article) + + (castell = castle)

:_______________________________.

Cefn-y-coed ‹kevn-ə-koid

1
name of a house in Bangor (Gwynedd)

2 farm north of Llanfaglan, and to the west of Y Bontnewydd, near Caernarfon, Gwynedd SH4860

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/237254 map

3 farm in Deuddwr SJ2417, Powys

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/548122

4 Cefn-y-coed Isaf SH7969 Farm near Eglwys-bach, county of Conwy (though spelt incorrectly on the Ordnance Survey map as “Cefn-y-Coed Isaf”). isaf = lower

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill (of) the wood”, “wood hill” , “wooded hill”

(cefn = back, hill) + (y definite article) + (coed = wood)

:_______________________________.

Cefn y Fedw ‹kevn-ə- ve -du›

1
Place by Rhiwabon. Called by the English ‘Ruabon Mountain’

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill (of) the birch trees / (of) the birch wood”

(cefn = back, hill) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (bedw = birch wood, birch grove)

:_______________________________.

Cefyn <KEE-vin> [ˡkeˑvɪn] (masculine noun)

1 Cymricised form of the English name Kevin, ultimately from Irish Caoimhín, from caomh (= dear, loved) + diminutive suffix –ín. The word caomh corresponds to Welsh cu (= loved)

:_______________________________.

ceg, cegau ‹KEEG, KEE ge› (feminine noun)

1 mouth

y geg = the mouth

2 brechlyn trwy’r geg oral vaccine (“through the mouth”)

3 tarian geg (Sport) gumshield

4 cau ceg fel llyffant = shut up on purpose (in the district d’Arfon, now part of the county of Gwynedd)

5 bod yng ngheg y byd be common knowledge (“be in the mouth of the world”)

:_______________________________.

cega ‹KÊ ga› (verb)

1
prattle

cega ar (r
ywun) go on at (somebody)

:_______________________________.

cegaid ke -ged› feminine noun
PLURAL
cegeidiau ‹ke- geid -ye›

1
mouthful

y gegaid = the mouthful

cymr
yd gormod o gegaid bite off more than you can chew (“take (an) excess of mouthful”)

ETYMOLOGY: (ceg = mouth) + (-aidd suffix for forming nouns indicating the content or capacity of a container )

NOTE: also cegiad in the north

:_______________________________.

cegddu keg -dhii› adjective

1
black-mouthed

ETYMOLOGY: (ceg = mouth) + soft mutation + (du = mouth)

:_______________________________.

cegddu keg -dhi› masculine noun
PLURAL
cegdduon ‹ke- dhî -on›

1
(Merluccius merluccius) = hake

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) blackmouthed (fish)”, “the fish with a black mouth”

(See the previous entry)

:_______________________________.

cegid -gid› plural

1
See cegiden = hemlock

:_______________________________.

cegiden ‹ke--den› feminine noun
PLURAL
cegid -gid›

1
Conium maculatum hemlock

y gegiden = the hemlock

7054_Conium_maculatum_wikipedia_081111

(delwedd 7054)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British

From the same British root: Cornish kegez (= hemlock), Breton kegid (= hemlock)

:_______________________________.

cegiden leiaf ‹ke--den lei-av› feminine noun
PLURAL
cegid lleiaf -gid lhei-av›

1
y gegiden leiaf fool’s parsley Aethusa cynapium; alternative name of gwyn y cloddiau "white (flower) of the hedges"

ETYMOLOGY: "lesser hemlock" (cegiden = hemlock) + soft mutation + (lleiaf = least, smallest)

:_______________________________.

Cegidfa <ke-GID-va> [kɛˡgɪdva] feminine noun

Ordnance Survey Map Reference: SJ2211


1
SJ2211 locality in northern Powys, north of Y Trallwng / Welshpool.

English name: Guilsfield

Population: 852 (1961)

Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 14% (1961)

7055_Cegidfa_Cymru_oren_081107

(delwedd 7055)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/268537

2 seat on Cyngor Sir Powys (the county council of Powys) representing this locality

ETYMOLOGY: "hemlock place", place where hemlock grows (cegid = hemlock) + (-fa suffix, = place).

Unusually this place name, unlike others of the same type, is not preceded by the definite article (*Y Gegidfa would be the form otherwise)

:_______________________________.

cegidog ‹ke--dog› adjective

1
abounding in hemlock

2 feminine noun place abounding in hemlock

3 Ordnance Survey Map Reference: SH9775 Cegidog former name of Llan-sain-siôr, between Abergele and Cinmel (county of Conwy)

4 Ordnance Survey Map Reference: SJ2556 Afon Cegidog This is a river in the county of Wrecsam, 6km north of the town of Wrecsam, running into the Afon Alun south of the village of Cefn-y-bedd

ETYMOLOGY: (cegid = hemlock) + (-og adjectival suffix, common with plant names)

:_______________________________.

cegin, ceginau ‹KE gin, ke GI ne› (feminine noun)

1 kitchen

y gegin = the kitchen

2 cegin gawl PLURAL ceginau cawl soup kitchen

3 cegin fach, ceginau bach ‹KE gin VAAKH, ke gi ne BAAKH› back kitchen

4 cegin gefn, ceginau cefn ‹CE gin GE ven, ke gi ne KE ven› back kitchen

:_______________________________.

..1 ceglyn ke-glin› masculine noun
PLURAL
caglau ka-gle›

1
sheep dropping, goat dropping

2 Meirionnydd, a district of the county of Gwynedd rascal

ETYMOLOGY: (cagl = excrement) + (-
yn, diminutive suffix); the suffix has caused affection of the preceding vowel a > e

:_______________________________.

..2 ceglyn keg -lin› masculine noun
PLURAL
ceglynnoedd, ceglynnau ‹keg –nodh, -ne›

1 mouthwash, gargle; = liquid for gargling;

(colloquially = peth golchi ceg “thing (for) washing mouth”)

ETYMOLOGY: (first recorded example: 1773) (ceg = mouth) + soft mutation + ( ll
yn = liquid )

:_______________________________.

cei kei verb

1
you will get, you will have < cael

cei di you’ll get

Annwyd gei di You’ll catch a cold

Fe’i cei di hi! You’ll cop it! You’ll get it! (= you will be punished)

:_______________________________.

cei, ceiau 2 ‹KEI, KEI e› (masculine noun)

1 quay

:_______________________________.

ceibr (Southern ‘ceibir’) <KEI-bir> [ˡkəɪbɪr] masculine noun
PLURAL
ceibrau <KEI-brai, -bre> [ˡkəɪbraɪ, -brɛ]

1
beam

Pen-rhiw-ceibr place name – from “pen rhiw’r ceibr” (‘top of the slope of the beam, top of the hill of the beam’ – probably indicates a place where there were trees which were felled to use as roof beams) (a linking definite article, in this case ’r, is often omitted in place names)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ceibr < British < Latin * caprio, caprion- (= beam) < caper (= goat)

From the same British root: Cornish keber (= beam, rafter, joist), Breton kebr (= beam, rafter, joist);

Cf other languages also with words derived from Latin *caprio, caprion- (= beam)

(1) French chevron, (2) Irish cabar (= pole, rafter)

Cf Latin capreoli (= little goats, two pieces of wood forming rafters), Catalan cabrió (= rafter)

NOTE: There is a diminutive form: ceibren, plural ceibrenni

:_______________________________.

ceibren, ceibrenni <KEI-bren, kei-BRE-ni> [ˡkəɪbrɛn, kəɪˡbrɛnɪ] (feminine noun)

1 beam

y geibren = the beam

2 ceibren cafn valley rafter, rafter of the angle where two slopes of a roof meet

ETYMOLOGY: diminutive form of ceibr (= beam), through the addition of the suffix -en

:_______________________________.

Ceidiog <KEID-yog> [ˡkəɪdjɔg] masculine noun

1 stream name

The church of Llandrillo is situated on a mound by the Ceidiof stream not far from the point that it flows into the river Dyfrdwy / Dee

Nant Ceidiog (the) Ceidiog stream” name of a house in Llandrillo

:_______________________________.

ceidwad, ceidwaid <KEID-wad, KEID-waid, -wed> [ˡkəɪdwad, ˡkəɪdwaɪd, -wɛd]

 (masculine noun)

1 keeper

2 ceidwad parc park keeper

:_______________________________.

ceiliagwydd <keil-YAA-guidh> [kəɪlˡjɑˑgʊɪð] masculine noun
PLURAL
ceiliagwyddau <keil-ya-GUI-dhai, -dhe> [kəɪljaˡgʊɪðaɪ, -ðɛ]

1
gander = male goose

2 term of disrespect: noisy fool

3 mis y clacwydd "(the) month (of) the gander" the gandermonth; the month when the gnader sits on the goose’s eggs; the month when a husband stays at home to tend to his wife who is about to give birth and do the domestic chores

NOTE: Colloquial forms are North Wales clagw
ydd, South Wales clacwydd and clacwdd

ETYMOLOGY: (ceiliag, form of ceiliog = cock, male bird) + soft mutation + (gw
ydd = goose); from the same British root: Cornish keliogoedh = gander

:_______________________________.

ceiliog <KEIL-yog> [ˡkəɪljɔg]masculine noun
PLURAL
ceiliogod <keil-YOO-god> [kəɪlˡjoˑgɔd]

1 (American: rooster) (Englandic: cock) = male hen

2 cock = the male bird of a named species

ceiliog cwcw = male cuckoo ("male-bird (of) cuckoo")

ceiliog colomen male pigeon, cock pigeon ("male-bird (of) pigeon")

3 dominant partner in a relationship

Pa un ai’r gŵr ynteu’r wraig
yw’r ceiliog?

Which one wears the trousers - the husband or the wife?

("which one whether the husband or the wife is the rooster?")

4 South-east Wales "cilog" woman chaser, womaniser, ladies’ man, philanderer

Sometimes as an epithet: Dai Cilog
(= Dafydd y Ceiliog) David the womaniser

5
mor sionc â cheiliog ar bolyn ‘as nimble as a rooster on a pole’

6 mor iach â’r ceiliog ‘as healthy as the rooster’

7 cock = emblem of the French state; and especially as a symbol of the rugby team

8 Mae ’na ragor ofnadwy rhwng ebol a cheiliog

They’re as different as chalk from cheese, they’re completely different

(‘there’s a terrible difference / an enormous difference between a foal and a rooster”)

9 pit ceiliogod (North) cockpit

Standard form: talwrn

10 talwrn ceiliogod cockpit

11 ceiliog pen y domen the top dog, king of the castle, the big cheese, the one who gives the ordres (“the cock on top of the dunghill”)

12 cam ceiliog cockstride
bydd y dydd yn ymestyn gam ceiliog bob dydd the day gets longer by a cockstride each day

Also in Scots (Germanic language of the Lowlands of Scotland):
Cockstride, n. a short distance; used figuratively of the lengthening of days

A Scots Dialect Dictionary / Alexander Warrack / 1911

(A cock when walking lifts its foot very high, but in fact each step is very short)

ETYMOLOG
Y: Welsh ceiliog < ceiliawg < British *kaljâk-os < Celtic.

From the same British root: Cornish keliog (= rooster), Breton kilhog (= rooster).

In Irish: coileach (= rooster).

The bird was so named in Celtic because of its loud crowing. This is borne out by the meanings of related words in non-Celtic languages:

..a/ Greek kalein (= to call),

..b/ Latin calare (= to call, to summon)

..c/ English to low (= make the the sound of a cow)

NOTE: the southern form is generally ciilog
<KII-log> [ˡkiˑlɔg]

(1) In the south, the consonant i at the beginning of a final syllable is typically absent, hence ceiliog (= rooster, cock) > ceilog

(2) The reduction of the diphthong “ei” to a simple vowel
<i> [ɪ] (half long in the penult) is also typical of the south. Hence ceiliog (= rooster, cock) > ceilog > ciilog

(3) A similar word showing both these changes is ceiniog (= penny) > ciinog

:_______________________________.

ceilioges <keil-YOO-ges> [ˡkəɪlˡjoˑgɛs]feminine noun
PLURAL
ceiliogesau <keil-yo-GE-sai, -se> [kəɪljɔˡgɛsaɪ, -sɛ]

1 bossy woman, dominant woman

ETYMOLOGY: (ceiliog = cock) + (-es noun suffix indicating a female)

:_______________________________.

ceiliog hwyad, ceiliogod hwyad <KEIL-yog HUI-ad, keil-YOO-god HUI-ad> [ˡkəɪljɔg ˡhʊɪad, kəɪlˡjoˑgɔd ˡhʊɪad] (masculine noun)

1 male duck

:_______________________________.

ceiliog y rhedyn <KEIL-yog ə HREE-din> [ˡkəɪljɔg ə ˡhreˑdɪn] (masculine noun)

1 grasshopper (“the rooster of the bracken”)

:_______________________________.

ceilysyn <kei--sin> [kəɪˡləsɪn]masculine noun
PLURAL
ceilys <KEI-lis> [ˡkəɪlɪs]

1
skittle

ETYMOLOGY: ceil
ys is from an earlier form in English of the English word kails (= skittles, ninepins; = the plural form of kail).

The English word is from a Germanic root - note the similar words in Dutch kegel (= skittle), German Kegel (= skittle); and French (from a Germanic word) quille = (skittle)

:_______________________________.

ceillgwd <KEILH-gud> [ˡkəɪɬgʊd] masculine noun
PLURAL
ceillgydau <keilh-GƏƏ-dai, -de> [kəɪɬˡgəˑdaɪ, -dɛ]

1
scrotum

ETYMOLOGY: “testicle-bag” (ceill- penult form of caill = testicle) + soft mutation + ( cwd = bag)

:_______________________________.

ceimiad <KEIM-yad> [ˡkəɪmjad]masculine noun
PLURAL
ceimiaid <KEIM-yaid, -yed> [ˡkəɪmjaɪd, -jɛd]

1 obsolete champion, hero

2 obsolete eminent person, distinguished person; found in the epithets of two saints,

Elian Geimiad "eminent Elian”, Beuno Geimiad “eminent Beuno"

ETYMOLOGY: ceimiad < ceimhiad < *ceimp-iad (camp = feat) + (-iad suffix to denote a person)

:_______________________________.

ceimion <KEIM-yon> [ˡkəɪmjɔn]

adjective

1 plural form of cam = bent, crookèd

2 (a) pennau ceimion (in the Arfon area of Gwynedd county, north-west Wales) a nickname for Calvinistic Methodists ("bent heads", "lowered heads")

(b) garrau ceimion bandy legs

ETYMOLOGY: cam + plural suffix -ion ; the ‘i’ of the suffix causes vowel affection a > ei

:_______________________________.

cein- (1) <KEIN> [ˡkəɪn] adjective

1 penult form of cain = fair, beautiful

:_______________________________.

cein- (2) <KEIN> [ˡkəɪn] masculine noun

1
place names penult form of *cain = ridge. See Ceinmerch

:_______________________________.

ceinach <KEI-nakh> [ˡkəɪnax] feminine noun
PLURAL
ceinachod, ceinych <kei-NAA-khod, KEI-nikh> [kəɪˡnɑˑxɔd,ˡkəɪnɪx]

1
obsolete hare

y geinach = the hare

ETYMOLOGY: (cein = ?hare) < British *kasnî; with the additon of a suffix + -ach.

Cf German Hase (= hare)

:_______________________________.

ceinachgi <kei-NAKH-gi> [kəɪˡnaxgɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL
ceinachgwn <kei-NAKH-gun> [kəɪˡnaxgʊn]

1
obsolete harrier, dog which hunts hares

ETYMOLOGY: (ceinach) + soft mutation + (ci = dog); first example noted in 1850

:_______________________________.

ceiniog <KEIN-yog> [ˡkəɪnjɔg] (feminine noun)
PLURAL:
ceiniogau [ˡkəɪnjɔg] [kəɪnˡjoˑgaɪ, -gɛ]

1 penny

y geiniog the penny

un geiniog one penny

dw
y geiniog two pence

tair ceiniog three pence

pedair ceiniog four pence

pum ceiniog five pence

chwe cheiniog six pence

saith geiniog / saith ceiniog seven pence

wyth geiniog / wyth ceiniog eight pence

naw ceiniog nine pence

deg ceiniog ten pence

un geiniog ar ddeg eleven pence

deuddeg ceiniog twelve pence

tair ceiniog ar ddeg thirteen pence

pedair ceiniog ar ddeg fourteen pence

pymtheg ceiniog fifteen pence

un geiniog ar bymtheg sixteen pence

dwy geiniog ar bymtheg seventeen pence

deunaw ceiniog eighteen pence

pedair ceiniog ar bymtheg nineteen pence

ugain ceiniog twenty pence

deg ceiniog ar hugain thirty pence

deugain ceiniog forty pence

hanner can ceiniog fifty pence

trigain ceiniog sixty pence

deg ceiniog a thrigain seventy pence

pedwar ugain ceiniog eighty pence

deg ceiniog a phedwar ugain ninety pence

2 peiriant ceiniogau slot machine, fruit machine, gambling machine (“machine (of) pennies”)

3 gwario swllt er ennill ceiniog penny wise and pound foolish (“spending a shilling to gain a penny”)

4 llygad y geiniog (the) eye (of) the penny” miser; (adjective) miserly, stingy, frugal

Siôn lygad y geiniog
(also Siôn llygad y geiniog) miser

Ieuan lygad y geiniog
(also Ieuan llygad y geiniog) miser

5 edr
ych yn llygad y geiniog count the pennies, be frugal, practise thrift, look twice at every penny (“look in (the) eye (of) the penny”

6 bod yn gynnil ar geiniog look twice at every penny, be very careful with money

NOTE: NOTE: the southern form is generally ciinog
<KII-nog> [ˡkiˑnɔg]

:_______________________________.

Ceinmeirch <KEIN-meirkh> [ˡkəɪnməɪrx]

1
division (cwmwd / ‘commote’) of the kantrev of Rhufoniog (in the country of Gwynedd Is Conwy, North-east Wales).

The name survives today as Cinmeirch
<KIN-meirkh> [ˡkɪnməɪrx]

(with simplification of the diphthong ei > i) in the village name Llanrhaeadr yng Nghinmeirch SJ0863 4km south-east of Dinb
ych on the road to Rhuthun.

(‘the Llanrhaeadr which is in the ‘cwmwd’ (commote / district) of Cinmeirch’).

Llanrhaeadr = (the) church (of the) river called Rhaeadr (= waterfall)

7232_CYMRU_OREN_llanrhaeadr_081209

(delwedd 7232)

ETYMOLOGY: Ceinmeirch = (‘(the) ridge (of the) horses’)

(cein = back, ridge) + (meirch = horses, plural of march = horse)

:_______________________________.

Ceintaidd <KEIN-taidh, -edh> [ˡkəɪnˡtaɪð, -tɛð]adjective

1 Kentish; pertaining to the county of Kent in the south-east of England

ETYMOLOGY: (Ceint-, penult-syllable form of Caint, a county of Kent in the south-east of England) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Ceintun <KEIN-tin> [ˡkəɪntɪn]

1 English name: Kington (SO2956) English village on river Arwy 20km west of the English town of Leominster (Welsh name: Llanllieni) and some 10km south east of the Welsh town of Maesyfed

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/19363 Heol yr Eglwys, Church Street

2 Llanfihangel yng Ngheintun (SJ3614) Welsh name of the English village of Alberbury (Shropshire) 13 km west of the English city of Shrewsbury (Welsh name: Amwythig), just north of the Shrewsbury - Y Trallwng main road (A458), on the Welsh border by the Welsh village of Cryw-grin

It is about 44 km north of Ceintun / Kington

“The village of Llanfihangel situated in Ceintun”.

(Llanfihangel = church of Michael the Archangel) + (yn = in) + nasal mutaiton + (Ceintun)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ3614 map

7106_CYMRU_OREN_llanfihangel_yng_ngheintun_081126

(delwedd 7106)


ETYMOLOGY: Ceintun (SO2956) from the English name Kington

:_______________________________.

Ceinwedd <KEIN-wedh> [ˡkəɪnwɛð] (feminine noun)

1 woman’s name (cain = fine, splendid; gwedd = aspect, face)

:_______________________________.

Ceinwen <KEIN-wen> [ˡkəɪnwɛn] (feminine noun)

1 woman’s name (cain = fine, splendid; -wen = suffix)

:_______________________________.

ceir <KEIR> [kəɪr] verb

1
(impersonal form, present-future tense of cael = to get, to receive); is got, will be got, is had, will be had, there is, there are, there will be

Blew geifr, glaw geir (= glaw a geir)

Weather saying – cirrus clouds bring rain (‘hairs of goats,
‹it is› rain that will be had’)

Ni cheir y mel
ys heb y chwerw

There is no happiness without sadness, life is both happiness and sadness (‘it is not received the sweet without the bitter’)

:_______________________________.

ceir <KEIR> [kəɪr]

1
cars, plural of car (= car)

:_______________________________.

ceirch <KEIRKH> [kəɪrx] (plural noun)

1 oats. See ceirchen

:_______________________________.

ceirchen <KEIR-khen> [ˡkəɪrxɛn] (feminine noun)
PLURAL:
ceirch <KEIRKH> [kəɪrx]
1 oat

y geirchen = the oat, the grain of oats

2 (North-west) Ceirch iddi! Get moving! (“oats to it?”) (?an alteration of cyrch, from cyrchu = to take, fetch)

:_______________________________.

Ceirchiog <KEIRCH-yog> [ˡkəɪrxjɔg]

1 Locality in the parish of Llechylched (SH3476) in the county of Môn.

The old name was Betws y Grog
((the) church (of) the cross”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH3476 map

According to Melville Richards
(Enwau Tir a Gwlad, 1998), “mae crog yn cyfeirio at sgrin yn yr eglwys. Yr enw Saesneg oedd Holy Rood Church.” (= crog refers to a screen in the church. The English name was Holy Rood Church)

ETYMOLOGY: ??oat field (ceirch = oats) + (-iog, suffix for forming adjectives; in place names, as a noun. Often indicates a crop or type of vegetation)
Cf Haydock, Lancashire, apparently an Old Welsh name corresponding to modern heiddiog (= barley field; haidd = barley)

:_______________________________.

ceiriosen, ceirios <keir-YO-sen> [kəɪrˡjɔsɛn] (feminine noun)
PLURAL:
ceirios ‹KEIR-yos› [ˡkəɪrjɔs]

1 cherry

y geiriosen = the cherry

2 ceirios y gŵr drwg (Atropa belladona) deadly nightshade (“(the) cherries (of) the bad man / the devil”)

3 ceiriosen siwgwr PLURAL ceirios siwgwr glacé cherry

:_______________________________.

Cei’r Llechi <keir LHEE-khi> [kəɪr ˡɬeˑxɪ] masculine noun

1
place name, Caernarfon (= "slate quay")

:_______________________________.

ceirnos <KEIR-nos> [ˡkəɪrnɔs] plural

1
small heaps, small mounds, little mounds

With plural suffix -os (diminutives with -os behave as feminine singular nouns after the definite article – there is soft mutation)

(found in place names in south Wales)

ceirnos > Y Geirnos

ETYMOLOGY: (curn = pile, heap) + (-os suffix for forming diminutives of collective nouns, especially those of certain plants) curnos > ceirnos (with a change to the tonic vowel – possibly the influence of ceirniog = abundant in cairns )

:_______________________________.

ceirw <KEI-ru> [ˡkəɪrʊ] (plural noun)

1 stags; see carw

:_______________________________.

Ceirwyn <KEIR-win> [ˡkəɪrwɪn] (m)

1 male forename

ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (câr- root of caru = to love) ) + (-wyn suffix for male names, soft-muated form of gwyn = white; fair) > car-wyn > ceirwyn (the final y causes the preceding a to become the diphthong ei – cf gwan = weak, plural gweinion; glas = blue, plural gleision)

:_______________________________.

ceisbwl <KEIS-bul> [ˡk əɪsbʊl] (m)
PLURAL
ceisbyliaid <keis-BƏL-yaid, -yed> [k əɪsˡbəljaɪd, -jɛð]

1 (hanes = history) bailiff, minor justice officer, officer who detains debtors or demands payment of dents

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ceisbwl (showing influence of ceis-, cais = attempt) < English catchpole (= constable) < Norman French cachepol (= chase-hen, chaser of hens), equivalent to Old French chacepol (chacier, modern French chasser, = chase) + (poul = cock)

Poul
< Latin pullus (= cock, young animal); cf. modern French poule (= hen) < Latin pulla (= hen), feminne form of pullus

A catchpole did not catch polls, i.e. heads, nor did he catch people
with a pole, although a very ingenious implement,
exhibited in the Tower of London Armoury,
is catalogued as a catchpole. It corresponds to a French compound chasse-poule, catch-hen, in Picard cache-pole, the official's chief duty being to collect dues, or, in default, poultry.

The Romance of Words / Ernest Weekley, M.A / 1912 / p.153

:_______________________________.

ceisio <KEI-sho> [ˡkəɪʃɔ] (verb)

1 to try, to attempt

2 ceisio gwneud yr amhosib’ try to do the impossible

3 atgeisio

..a/ to seek again

Corinthiaid-1 7:18 A alwyd neb wedi ei enwaedu? nac adgeisied ddienwaediad. A alwyd neb mewn dienweidiad? nac enwaeder arno. (“let not him seek again uncircumcision”)

atgenhedlu < ad-genhedlu (ad- = re-, de nou) + mutació suau + (ceisio = intentar, cercar)

Corinthians-1 7:18 Is any man called being circumcised? let him not become uncircumcised. Is any called in uncircumcision? let him not be circumcised

..b/ (information) retrieve = to bring (something) out of storage

atgeisio < ad-geisio (ad- = re-, again) + soft mutation + (ceisio = search, try)

:_______________________________.

cêl <KEEL> [keːl] (adjective)

1 hidden

2 argel hidden; secluded

(ar = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (cêl = hidden).

3 gogel (obsolete) (= take care, be wary)

(go) + soft mutation + (cel- = to hide) < British < Celtic *wo-kel

From this the current word diogel (= safe)

(di) + soft mutation + (gogel).
This corresponds to Cornish diogel, Breton diogel (= safe)


:_______________________________.

celain <KEE-lain, len> [ˡkeˑlaɪn, -lɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL
celanedd, celaneddau <ke-LAA-nedh, ke-la-NEE-dhai, -dhe> [kɛˡlɑˑnɛð, kɛlaˡneˑðaɪ, -ðɛ]

1
dead body, carcase, cadaver, corpse

y gelain = the corpse

Jeremeia 31:40 a holl ddyffr
yn y celaneddau, a'r lludw, a'r holl feysydd, hyd afon Cidron, hyd gongl porth y meirch tua'r dwyrain, a fydd sanctaidd i'r Arglwydd;

Jeremiah 31:40

And the whole valley of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, and all the fields until the brook of Cedron, unto the corner of the horse gate towards the east, shall be holy unto the Lord

Genesis 15:11 A phan ddisgynnai yr adar ar y celaneddau, yna Abram a’u tarfai hwynt.

Genesis 15:11 And when the fowls came down upon the carcases, Abram drove them away.

syrthio’n gelain drop down dead

saethu (rh
ywun) yn gelain shoot (someone) dead

2 anything dead

3 marw gelain stone dead, dead as a doornail

"corpse dead" - (marw = dead) + soft mutation + (celain = corpse)

4 celanedd (qv) = pile of bodies; killing, slaughter

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic

In Irish collainn (= body, person)

NOTE: celaneddau is a double plural (-edd) + (-au)

:_______________________________.

celanedd <ke-LAA-nedh > [kɛˡlɑˑnɛð]

1 dead bodies; plural of celain

2 sometimes as a feminine noun; pile of bodies, massacre, slaughter, bloodshed; cruelty

Eiseia 33:15 Yr hwn a rodia mewn cyfiawnder, ac a draetha uniondeb, a wrth
yd elw trawster, a ysgwydo ei law rhag derbyn gwobr, a gaeo ei glust rhag clywed celanedd, ac a gaeo ei lygaid rhag edrych ar ddrygioni

Isaiah 33:15 He that walketh righteously, and speaketh uprightly; he that despiseth the gain of oppressions, that shaketh his hands from holding of bribes, that stoppeth his ears from hearing of blood, and shutteth his eyes from seeing evil;

chwythu bygythiadau a chelanedd breathe out threatenings and slaughter

Actau 9.1 A Saul eto yn chwythu bygythiadau a chelanedd yn erbyn disgyblion yr Arglw
ydd, a aeth at yr archofferiad,

Acts 9:1 And Saul, yet breathing out threatenings and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord, went unto the high priest,

3 North Wales bod yn glana chwerthin be doubled up with laughter (= "be corpses (from) laughing (so much)") glana < clana / c’lana’ < c’lanadd < celanadd < celanedd (corpses)

:_______________________________.

celc <KELK> [kɛlk] masculine noun
PLURAL
celcau <KEL-kai, -ke> [ˡkɛlkaɪ, -kɛ]

(North Wales)

1 hoard

2 fortune

3 money put by

b
yw ar eich celc (north-west) live off your savings

4
deceit

5 (Ceredigion) defect

celc ar = something wrong with (but not immediately obvious)

Mae rh
yw hen gelc arno He’s a bit odd, there’s something not quite right about him (“there is some old defect on him”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < Irish cealg (= deceit)

:_______________________________.

celf, celfau <KELV, KEL-vai, -ve> [kɛlv, ˡkɛlvaɪ, -vɛ] (feminine noun)

1 art

y gelf = the art

2 celf a chrefft <KELV a KHREFT> [ˡkɛlv a ˡxrɛft] art and craft

:_______________________________.

celfi <KEL-vi> [ˡkɛlvɪ] (plural noun)

1 furniture; plural of celficyn

:_______________________________.

celficyn, celfi <kel-VI-kin, KEL-vi> [kɛlˡvɪkɪn, ˡkɛlvɪ] (masculine noun)
(South Wales)

1 piece of furniture

2 fan gelfi removal van, furniture van (South)

:_______________________________.

celfyddyd, celfyddydau <kel-VƏƏ-dhid, kel-və-DHƏƏ-dai, -de> [kɛlˡvəˑðɪd ,kɛlvəˡðəˑdaɪ, -dɛ] (masculine noun)

1 art

2
oriel gelfyddyd PLURAL orielau celfyddyd art gallery

3 celfyddyd yr ogofâu cave art (“art (of) the caves”)

:_______________________________.

Celfyn <KEL-vin> [ˡkɛlvɪn] (masculine noun)

1 man’s name (respelling of English Kelvin)

:_______________________________.

cell, cellau <KELH, KE-lhai, -lhe> [ˡkɛɬ, ˡkɛɬaɪ, -ɬɛ] (feminine noun)

1 cell

y gell = the cell

:_______________________________.

celli <KE-lhi> [ˡkɛɬɪ] feminine noun
PLURAL
cellïoedd <ke-LHII-oidh, -odh> [kɛˡɬiˑɔɪð, - ɔð]

1
wood, spinney

y gelli = the wood

celli geirios cherry orchard

2 Y Gelligandryll (“the shattered wood”), short form Y Gelli, town in the county of Powys, on the border with England

3 often in place names with gelli used as if it were the base form, instead of celli was would be expected

Gelli-gaer < gelli’r gaer, instead of celli’r gaer

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *kall- < Celtic *kald-

From the same British root:

Cornish kelli
(= wood) (as in the Cornish place name Roskelli “promontory of the wood”, in English “Rosekilly”);

From the same Celtic root: Irish coille
(= wood)

Related words in other languages are:

Latin: callis
(= glade),

Greek klados
(= branch);

German das Holz
(= wood), Dutch hout (= wood), English holt
‹hoult› [ˡhɔʊlt] (in place names = wood); cf the Dutch name Holland (region in the western Netherlands consisting of the tho provinces of North Holland and South Holland; and as a pars pro toto used to refer to the whole of the Netherlands. From Middle Dutch holtland (= woodland, wooded land), referring originally to the region around Haarlem.)

NOTE:
“The word " gelli " is a common name in Merioneth for a farm or field situated in a sheltered nook.”

Y Cymmrodor. Vol. XXXVIII. 1927. Merioneth Notes.


By T. P. ELLIS, I.C.S. (retired), M.A., F.R.Hist.S., Author of "Welsh Tribal Law and Custom"

:_______________________________.

celli geirios <KE-lhi GEIR-yos> [ˡkɛɬɪ ˡgəɪrjɔs] (feminine noun)
PLURAL:
cellïoedd ceirios <ke-LHII-oidh, -odh KEIR-yos > [kɛˡɬiˑɔɪð, - ɔð kəɪrjɔs]
1 cherry orchard

:_______________________________.

cellwair <KELH-wair, -wer> [ˡkɛɬwaɪr, -wɛr] (masculine noun)

1 joke

2
Mae llawer o gellwair yn wir Many a true word is spoken in jest, Many a truth is said in jest (“a lot of joking is true”)

:_______________________________.

cellwair <KELH-wair, -wer> [ˡkɛɬwaɪr, -wɛr] (verb)

1 to joke

:_______________________________.

cellweirio <kelh-WEIR-yo> [kɛɬˡwəɪrˡjɔ]

1 joke = make jokes, jest

Tybiai ei frawd a’r gweinidog mai cellwair oedd, ond yr oedd Ifan mor ddifrifol â mynach His brother and the minister thought that he was joking, but Ifan was deadly serious (“as serious as a monk”)

ETYMOLOG
Y: (cellweir- < cellwair = a joke, a wisecrack) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

NOTE: also cellwair as a verbnoun


:_______________________________.

Celt, Celtiaid <KELT, KELT-yaid, -yed> [ˡkɛlt, ˡkɛltjaɪd, -jɛd]

 (masculine noun)

1 Celt

2 The bardic name or pen name of Edward Morgan Humphreys (Dyffrynardudwy 1882-1955), journalist and author

http://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Morgan_Humphreys

:_______________________________.

Celtaidd <KEL-tedh> [ˡkɛltaɪð, -ɛð] adjective

1
Celtic = of the modern Celts (Welsh, Breton, Cornish, Irish, Scots, Manx)

Yr Undeb Celtaidd The Celtic League - an organisation which campaigns for the political independence of the Celtic countries and the restoration of their native languages as the first language of the country

2 Celtic = related to the Celtic territories

Y Môr Celtaidd the Celtic Sea, the sea between Wales and Ireland

3 Celtic = of the ancient Celts

4 Celtic = connected with the study of Celtic cultures and languages

Astudiaethau Celtaidd Celtic Studies

5 Celtic = of a style characteristic of the Celts

tel
yn Geltaidd Celtic harp

croes Geltaidd Celtic cross

6 ffug-Geltaidd pseudo-Celtic

ETYMOLOGY: (Celt = Celt) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Celteg <KEL-teg> [ˡkɛltɛg] feminine noun, adjective

1
Celtic = the Celtic language which was widely spoken in Europe some two thousand years ago; it survived only in the islands off the north-western mainland of Europe, where it it is divided into two groups -

British (eastern - Welsh, Cornish, Breton) and Hibernian (western - Irish, Scottish, Manx). Also known as P-Celtic (the eastern division) and Q-Celtic (the western division) because many words with an original initial ‘q’
‹kw› in Celtic preserved this sound in Hibernian, although nowadays it is pronounced ‹k›, and in the British group it became ‹p›.

For example, ‘head’ is ceann in Irish and pen in Welsh.

Latin words in general retained the ‘q’
<kw> [kw] and it survives in the pronunciation in some modern languages derived from Latin, and in the spelling if not the current pronunciation of others.

Irish
<k> [k] ceithre (= four), Welsh <p> [p] pedwar (= four), Latin <p> [p] quattor (= four), Catalan <kw> [kw]quatre (= four), French <k> [k]quatre (= four)

Celteg Q
<kel-teg KIU> [ˡkɛltɛg ˡkɪʊ] = Q Celtic

Celteg P
<kel-teg PII> [ˡkɛltɛg ˡpiː] = P Celtic

ETYMOLOGY: (Celt = Celt) + (-eg suffix for forming nouns and adjectives indicating a specific language)

:_______________________________.

Celtegwr <kel-TEE-gur> [kɛlˡteˑgʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL
Celtegwyr <kel-TEG-wir> [kɛlˡtɛgwɪr]

1
Celticist

ETYMOLOGY: (Celteg = Celtic language) + (-wr, 'man', agent suffix)

NOTE: Also Celteg
ydd

:_______________________________.

celu <KEE-li> [ˡkeˑlɪ] verb

1 to hide

2
Llawer gwir gorau ei gelu

Many things are best left unsaid
(“many a truth best its hiding”)

3
Ni ellir celu’r ffaith fod... there’s no disguising the fact that

:_______________________________.

celwydd <KEE-luidh> [ˡkeˑlʊɪð]
PLUR
AL: celwyddau <ke-LUI-dhai, -e> [kɛˡlʊɪðaɪ, -ɛ] masculine noun

1
lie, untruth, fabrication, ‘fairy tale’, ‘pork pie’

llw
yth o gelwyddau a pack of lies (“a load of lies”)

2 heb air o gelwydd no kidding, honestly, “without a word of a lie”

3 clap a chelwydd gossip and lies

4 Mae i bob celwydd ei gymar One lie leads to another (“there is to every lie its partner”)

celwydd golau a barefaced lie (“a clear / plain / evident lie”) (golau also means light, illuminated)

celwydd glân golau a barefaced lie (“an evident + pure lie”)

ETYMOLOGY: British "*kalwi-jos"; cf Latin "calumnia" from an earlier form "calwomnia"

LOCAL VARIANTS: In the north-west celw
yddau (= lies) > clwydda <klu-II-dha> [ˡklʊiˑða]

In the south celw
ydd (= a lie) > celwdd <KEE-ludh> [ˡkeˑlʊð]

:_______________________________.

celwyddgi <ke-LUIDH-gi> [kɛˡlʊɪðgɪ] masculine noun
PLUR
AL celwyddgwn <ke-LUIDH-gun> [kɛˡlʊɪðgʊn]

(South Wales)

1 liar, storyteller (one who tells untrue stories)

Mae e’n gythraul o gelw
yddgi He’s a hell of a liar

ETYMOLOGY: (celw
ydd = lie) + soft mutation + (ci = dog; also in compound words as a term of contempt for a person)

:_______________________________.

celwyddog <ke-LUI-dhog> [kɛˡlʊɪðɔg] adjective

1
lying

Mae e’n ddiawl celwyddog He’s a lying bastard

Un celw
yddog tost yw a He’s a terrible liar, Helies through his teeth

NOTE: Also colloquially c’lwyddog, c’lw’ddog


:_______________________________.

celwyddwr <kel-UI-dhur> [kɛˡlʊɪðʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL
celwýddwyr <kel-WƏDH-wir> [kɛˡlʊɪðwɪr]

1
liar

Celwyddwr
yw e He’s a liar

ETYMOLOGY: (celw
ydd = lie) + (-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

celynnen ‹ke--nen› [kɛˡlənɛn]
PLURAL
celyn <KEE-lin> [ˡkeˑlɪn] feminine noun

1 (Ilex aquifolium) holly, evergreen tree with prickly leaves and bright red berries; holly bush

y gelynnen = the holly bush

2 {attribute} holly = relating to the plant

pren cel
yn holly wood, the wood of a holly tree

dail cel
yn holly leaves

3 {substantive adjective} holly = made of the wood of a holly

4 celynennau ‹ke-lə- -ne› individual hollies

(in the district of Eifion
ydd, Gwynedd, in the form clenna)

 

Y Clenennau A farm SH5342 by Golan, Gwynedd

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/651244 Y Clenennau

The development might have been as follows:
Y Celynennau > Y C’lynennau > Y C’lenennau > (Y C’lenenna’)

5 (plant name) Celynnen Fair (Ruscus aculeatus) butcher's broom

(“(the) holly (of the Virgin) Mary”)

6 Maescelyn

“maes y cel
yn” (“(the) field (of) the holly-bushes”)

(maes = field) + (definite article y) + (cel
yn holly-bushes)

Occurs in the following places as a street name:

..a/ Llanbedr Dyffryn Clwyd, Rhuthun (county of Dinb
ych) (“Maes Celyn”)

..b/ Llaneurgain (county of Y Fflint) (“Maes Cel
yn”)

..c/ Coed-y-gl
yn (county of Wrecsam) (“Maes Celyn”)

7 celynnen > c’lynnen / clynnen

In the 1881 Census
(Tywyn, District 3) David Davies (55) mariner is recorded as living at Pantyglynnen (spelt as “Pant y Glynen”) (= hollow of the holly bush)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cel
yn < British *kolin- < Celtic

From the same British root:

Breton kelenn (= holly trees / bushes),

Cornish kelenn (= holly trees / bushes). It occurs in Cornwall in the place name Roskelenn, in English “Treskilling” (ros = upland, hill) + (kelenn holly trees) “upland of the holly trees”

From the same Common Celtic root: Irish cuileann (= holly)

Cf Old English holegn > modern English holly

Cf English holm oak
‹houm-óuk›.
(
The word holm ‹houm›, is a dialect word for holly: holm 1300+ < holin < Old English holegn)

:_______________________________.

celynllwyn ‹ke-LƏN-lhuin› [kɛˡlənɬʊɪn]masculine noun

1 holly bush; (holly = Ilex aquifolium, evergreen tree with prickly leaves and bright red berries)

Talycynllw
yn farm name in Pontarddulais (county of Abertawe),

= tal y c’ynllw
yn < tal y c’lynllwyn < tal y celynllwyn (“place facing / opposite the holly grove / holly wood / holly-bush”)

(“Place-names in and around the Bont”, Deric John, 1999)

ETYMOLOGY: (cel
yn = holly bushes) + soft mutation + (llwyn = bush, grove) > *celyn-lwyn > celynllwyn (loss of the soft mutation)

NOTE: More usually, rather than celynllwyn, “holly bush” is llw
yn celyn.

Other examples with “llw
yn” as a second element are:

bédwlw
yn / bed’lwyn (birch grove), also llwyn bedw

dérwlw
yn / der’lwyn (= oak grove), also llwyn derw

gruglw
yn (heather clump), also llwyn grug

gwernllw
yn (alder grove), also llwyn gwern

onllw
yn (ash grove), also llwyn on(n),

:_______________________________.

celynnog <ke-LƏ-nog> [kɛˡlənɔg]

1 (adj) abounding in holly bushes

2 (noun)
place abounding in holly bushes, place of holly bushes

It occurs in place names as Clynnog (= C’lynnog)
<KLƏ-nog> [ˡklənɔg] , a reduced form of celynnog)

..a/ In Llanrhaeadr ym Mochnant there is a farm “Clynog” SJ1225 which is probably Clynnog

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1225 map

..b/ Clynnog-fawr SH4149 also known simply as Clynnog

A village in Gwynedd

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/191720 y pentref / the village

ETYMOLOGY: (cel
ynn- penult form of celyn = holly bushes) + (-og adjectival suffix ) > celynnog (adj) (= abounding in holly bushes) > celynnog (noun) (= place abounding in holly bushes)

:_______________________________.

cemais <KE-mais, -mes> [ˡkɛmaɪs, -mɛs] (masculine noun)

(obsolete; present in place names)

1 bend in a river

2 bend in the coastline

In place names, often misspelt Cemaes / Cemmaes, through assuming some connection with maes (= field)

:_______________________________.

Cemais <KE-mais, -mes> [ˡkɛmaɪs, -mɛs]

1 SH8306 A village in Powys

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=275811 map

The local form is Cemes, and a former spelling “Cemmes” reflects this local pronunciation:

The Engineer day Coach to Oswestry runs from the Talbot Hotel every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, at 7 a.m., through Machynlleth, Cemmes, Mallwyd, Llanfair, and Meifod, returning on the alternate days from Oswestry by 8 o'clock p.m.
New Guide to Aberystwith and its Environs; Third edition, 1858. Thomas Owen Morgan, Esq.

ETYMOLOGY: The basis of the word is cam (= bent, crooked)

:_______________________________.

Cemais Comawndwr KE-mais, -mes, ko-MAUN-dur› [ˡkɛmaɪs, -mɛs, kɔˡmaʊndʊr]

1 village in the county of Mynw
y (Gwent)

In earlier Welsh Cemais Cymawndwr

English name: Kemeys Commander

ETYMOLOGY: “(the place called) Cemais (which is in the possession of a) commander”.

The church here and its lands were at one
time a possession or “commandery” of the Knights Templars, and were administered by a “commander”.

(The addition of “Comawndwr” serves to distinguish it from other parishes in Wales with the name Cemais)

:_______________________________.

cemeg <KE-meg> [ˡkɛmɛg] (feminine noun)

1 chemistry

:_______________________________.

cen <KEN> [kɛn] masculine noun
PLURAL
cennau <KE-nai, -me> [ˡkɛnaɪ, -mɛ]

Also:
cennyn KE-nin› [ˡkɛnɪn], PLURAL cennau

1 (obsolete) skin

(obsolete) hyddgen deerskin

(hydd- < h
ydd = deer) + soft mutation + (cen = skin)

Cen is also used as a collective / plural form:

2 scales of a fish or a reptile

3 dandruff

(South Wales: can)

4 lichen

5 fur in pipes

6 film of dirt on the skin

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cen < British *kend

From the same British root: Cornish kenn (= skin, hide, peel)

Cognates: Cf Modern English skin < Middle English skin < Old Norse skinn.
The Scandinavian word is a cognate of Welsh cen

:_______________________________.

cen / ce’n <ken> [kɛn]

1 form of cefn <KEE-ven> [ˡkeˑvɛn] in the pronunciation of some compound words where it is the first element.

....1/ First element in a compound word (as a stressed penultimate syllable)

....a/ cefnffordd < ce’nffordd / cenffordd (= ridgeway, road along a ridge) (ffordd = road)

....b/ cefnfor > ce’nfor / cenfor (= ocean) (môr = sea)

....c/ cefnfro > ce’nfro > ce’nffro / cenffro (= part of beach above high water for leaving boats) (bro = low-lying land, coastal land) (change of v > f after n; for other examples see the entry ff)

....d/ cefnlli > ce’nlli / cenlli (= flood, torrent) (llif = flow)

....e/ cefnrhaff > cefnraff > ce’nraff > cendraff (= back band of a horse’s harness) (rhaff = rope)

....2/ qualified first element in a place name (as a prepenultimnate syllable, or an unstressed penultimate syllable before a final strsesed syllable)

....a/ Cefnsidan > Ce’nshidan / Censhidan (place name, county of Caerfyrddin)

....b/ Cefn-tre-baen > Ce’n-tre-baen > Pentre-baen (place name – “(the) ridge (of) (the farm called) Tre-baen”)

(Paen = Cymricised form of the English surname Payne)

....c/ cefn y coed > Cefn-coed > Ce’n-coed / Cen-coed (place name – “(the) ridge (of) the wood”

....d/ cefn y don > Cefn-don > Ce’n-don, Cen-don (place name, “(the) ridge (of) the pasture” (example quoted in

GPC Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary t1578)

....e/ cefn y lle oer > Cefn-lle-óer > Ce’n-lle-óer > Ce’nll’óer > Cé’nll’oer > Cé’nll’o’r > Y Genllor < (place name – “(the) ridge (of) the cold place”)

2 as a second element

..a/ in the word gwarcen, made up of (gwar) + (cefn)

gwar cefn or gwarcéfn > gwárcefn > gwarce’n > gwarcen (= upper part of back, shoulders)

:_______________________________.

-cen <KEN> [kɛn]

1
feminine diminutive suffix, corresponding to the masculine suffix -cyn

..1/ botgen (obsolete) little thumb

(bawd = thumb;

bawd + cen > ‘bawd-gen’ > ‘bod-gen’ > ‘botgen’)

..2/ ffolcen fool, foolish woman

..3/ hanercen (county of Penfro) dwarf (woman)

:_______________________________.

Cenarth <KEE-narth> [ˡkeˑnarθ] (feminine noun)

1 village, south-west

:_______________________________.

cenau KEE-nai, -e› [ˡkeˑnaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun) masculine noun
PLURAL
cenawon <ke-NAU-on> [kɛˡnaʊɔn]

1
cub, whelp

Eseia 11:6 a'r blaidd a drig gyda'r oen, a'r llewpart a orwedd gyda'r m
yn; y llo hefyd, a chenau y llew, a'r anifail bras, fyddant ynghyd, a bachgen bychan a'u harwain

Isaiah 11:6 The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them.

2 (North Wales) (term of reproach) rascal, cur, low dog, scoundrel, lout

Jon Robaitsh - y cena drwg iddo Jon Robaitsh - that old scoundrel

cenau glas out and out scoundrel, complete rogue, incorrigible rogue, despicable person

3 rascal (mildly reproving term for a child)

4 an element in old personal names

Gorgenau
(intensifying prefix gwor, ‘great whelp’

Morgenau
(mawr = great) ‘great whelp’

Rhigenau
(rhi = king) ‘king whelp’

5 See cenawes (North Wales) (colloquially cnawes) she-cub; (term of reproach for a woman) vixen

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *kanou-

From the same Celtic root: Irish cana
(= literary Irish – cub, whelp; poet of the fourth order)

Related to Latin canis
(= dog), hence English canine (= doglike; relating to dogs)

NOTE: cenawon colloquial forms: cenafon, cynafon, cnafon

The old form of cenawon had “a” – canawon, but changed in order to match the singular form, cenau, with an “e”

:_______________________________.

cenawes <ke-NAU-es> [kɛˡnaʊɛs]feminine noun
PLURAL
cenawesau <ke-nau-ES-ai, -e> [kɛnaʊˡɛsai, -ɛ]

1
she-cub

2 (North Wales) (term of reproach for a woman) vixen

yr hen gnawes 'na that old bitch

ETYMOLOGY: (cenaw = cub, whelp) + (-es noun suffix indicating a female)

NOTE:
(colloquially cnawes)

:_______________________________.

cender ‹KEN-der› [ˡkɛndɛr] (m)

1 see cefnder (= male first cousin)

In many words in Welsh with the element cefn in the penultimate syllable , the [v] is elided

cefnraff > cenraff, cefnfordd > cenffordd, cefnder > cender, cefnllif > cenlli, Y Gefnros > Y Genros / Y Gendros, etc

:_______________________________.

cenedl, cenhedloedd <KE-nedl, ken-HED-loidh, -odh> [ˡkeˑnɛdl, kɛnˡhɛdlɔɪð, -ɔð] (feminine noun)

1 nation

y genedl = the nation

cenedl y Cymry “(the) nation (of) the Welsh”, the Welsh nation, Wales

2 (Old Testament) Y Cenhedloedd the Gentiles = non-Jewish people, non-Jews

Actau 4:27 Herod a Phontius Peilat, gyda'r Cenhedloedd, a phobl Israel

Acts 4:27 both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles, and the people of Israel

apostol y cenhedloedd the apostle to the Gentiles (name given to Saint Paul)

3 Y Cenhedloedd (as used by Christians) the Gentiles = non-Christian people

:_______________________________.

cenedlaethau <ke-ned-LEI-thai, -e> [kɛnɛdˡləɪθaɪ, -ɛ] (plural noun)

1 generations: see cenhedlaeth

:_______________________________.

cenedlaethol <ke-ned-LEI-thol> [kɛnɛdˡləɪθɔl] (adjective)

1 national

2 national = symbolic of a nation

Yr elc yw anifail cenedlaethol Norwy Norway’s national animal is the elk

:_______________________________.

cenedlaetholwr <ke-ned-lei-THOO-lur> [kɛnɛdləɪˡθoˑlʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL
cenedlaetholwyr <ke-ned-lei-THOL-wir> [kɛnɛdləɪˡθɔlwɪr]

1
nationalist, ‘nationist’ = one who seeks to protect national rights threatened with abolition by an invading state, or regain the full national rights abolished or disallowed by an occupying state

2 nationalist, ‘expansionist’ = one who believes in the superiority of a state and its dominant culture and its right to incorporate other nations into its territory, eradicate their languages and cultures, and impose its own linguistic and cultural values

ETYMOLOGY: (cenedlaethol = national) + (-wr = person, man); imitation of the English word nationalist, from (national) + (-ist)

:_______________________________.

cenfaint, cenfeiniau <KEN-vaint, -vent, ken-VEIN-yai, -ye> [ˡkɛnvaɪnt, -vɛnt, kɛnˡvəɪnjaɪ, -jɛ] (feminine noun)

1 flock

:_______________________________.

cenffordd ‹KEN-fordh› [ˡkɛnfɔrð] (f)

1 see cefnfordd (= ridge road)

In many words in Welsh with the element cefn in the penultimate syllable , the [v] is elided

cefnraff > cenraff, cefnfordd > cenffordd, cefnder > cender, cefnllif > cenlli, Y Gefnros > Y Genros / Y Gendros, etc

:_______________________________.

cenffro ‹KEN-fro› [ˡkɛnfrɔ] (f)

1 part of beach above high water for leaving boats) (bro = low-lying land, coastal land)

See cefnfro

cefnfro > ce’nfro > ce’nffro / cenffro

In many words in Welsh with the element cefn in the penultimate syllable , the [v] is elided

cefnraff > cenraff, cefnfordd > cenffordd, cefnder > cender, cefnllif > cenlli, Y Gefnros > Y Genros / Y Gendros, etc

:_______________________________.

cenfigen <ken-VII-gen> [kɛnˡviˑgɛn] (feminine noun)

1 jealousy, envy

2 bod yn las gan genfigen be green with envy

:_______________________________.

cengl <KENGL, KE-ngel> [ˡkɛŋl, kɛŋɛl] feminine noun
PLURAL
cenglau <KENG-lai, -e> [ˡkɛŋlaɪ, -ɛ]

1
saddle girth, belly band;

y gengl = the saddle girth

tynháu’r gengl tighten the saddle girth

2 cengl fain (said of somebody very thin) (" a thin saddle girth")

3 county of Môn llacio’r gengal <GE-ngal> [ˡgɛŋal] feminine noun take a break during work; take some days off from work, take a holiday ("loosen the saddle girth")

4 skein = loosely tied coil of yarn

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin *cing’la < cíngula = belt, < cingere to gird.

In English

1.. a Latin masculine form cingulum
<SING-yu-ləm> [ˡsɪŋgjʊləm] is used in anatomy - ‘girdle-like ridge around the base of a tooth’, ‘band of fibres connecting parts of the cerebrum’)

2.. and in surcingle
<SƏƏ-sing-gəl> [ˡsəəsɪŋgəl] ( = a girth for a horse which goes around the body and is used especially with racing horses), a word taken from French (sur + cengle)

NOTE:

North Wales = cengal (west), cengel (east)
<KE-ngal,-KE-ngel> [ˡkɛŋal, ˡkɛŋɛl]

South Wales = cingel (east), cingal (west)
ki-ngel, ki-ngal› <KI-ngel, KI-ngal> [ˡkɪŋɛl, ˡkɪŋal]

:_______________________________.

cenglog <KENG-log> [ˡkɛŋlɔg] adjective

1
(cow) having streaks

buwch genglog cow with streaks

ETYMOLOGY: (cengl = saddle girth) + (-og)

:_______________________________.

cenglu <KENG-li> [ˡkɛŋlɪ] verb

1
fasten a girth around (a horse’s belly)

(Hen Déstament)

Jeremeia 46:4 Cenglwch y meirch, ac ewch arn
ynt, farchogion; sefwch yn eich helmau, gloywch y gwaywffyn, gwisgwch y llurigau

(Old Testament)

Jeremiah 46:4 Harness the horses; and get up, ye horsemen, and stand forth with your helmets; furbish the spears, and put on the brigadines

2 form into skeins

ETYMOLOGY: (cengl = saddle girth, skein) + (-u = suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

cenglwr <KENG-lur> [ˡkɛŋlʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL
cenglwyr <KENGL-wir> [ˡkɛŋlwɪr]

1
reel, hose-reel = circular box with an axis inside around which a hose or cable is wound for storage

:_______________________________.

cenhad- <KEN-had...> [ˡkɛnhad...]

1
in derivative words, the penult form of cennad (= mission). The original penult form was also cennad, but it has acquired influenced by the organic h- in canhiad-, penult form of caniad = (obsolete word) permission

:_______________________________.

cenhadaeth ‹ken-hAA-daith, -eth› [kɛnˡhadaɪθ, -ɛθ] feminine noun
PLURAL
cenadaethau ‹ke-na-DEI-thai. -e› [kɛnadˡəɪθaɪ, -ɛ]

1
Religion mission = group of people sent by a church to a foreign country to promote the religion and do social work

y genhadaeth = the mission

2 Diplomacy diplomatic mission = group of people in a foreign country representing a country

3 Commerce trade mission = group of people in a foreign country representing a company or companies

4 mission = work of such a group

5 mission = buildings of such; mission station

6 llysgenhadaeth embassy ("court + mission")

ETYMOLOGY: cenhad- (penult form) < cennad (original penult form) influenced by the organic h- in canhiad-, penult form of caniad = (obsolete word) permission

:_______________________________.

cenhades <ken-HA-des> [kɛnˡhɑˑdɛs] feminine noun
PLURAL
cenadesau <ke-na-DE-sai, -se> [kɛnaˡdɛsaɪ, -sɛ]

1
missionary (female)

y genhades = the missionary

ETYMOLOGY: (cenhad-, penult-syllable form < cennad = mission) + (-es, female agent suffix)

:_______________________________.

cenhadfa <ken-HAD-va> [kɛnˡhadva] feminine noun
PLURAL
cenhadféydd <ken-had-VEIDH> [kɛnhadˡvəɪð]

1
mission (= place), mission station, mission house

y genhadfa = the mission house

ETYMOLOGY: (cenhad-, penult-syllable form < cennad = mission) + (-fa, suffix = place)

               


:_______________________________.

cenhadol <ken-HAA-dol> [kɛnˡhɑˑdɔl] adjective

1
missionary = undertaking a religious mission

ETYMOLOGY: (cenhad-, penult-syllable form < cennad = mission) + (-ol, suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

cenhadon <ke-NHAA-don> [kɛˡnhɑˑdɔn] noun plural
PLURal form of cennad, or cenhadwr

:_______________________________.

cenhadu <ken-HAA-di> [kɛnˡhɑˑdɪ] verb

1
work as a missionary

ETYMOLOGY: (cenhad-, penult-syllable form < cennad = mission) + (-u, suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

cenhadwr <ken-HAA-dur> [kɛnˡhɑˑdʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL
cenhadon, cenhadwyr <ken-HA-don, ken-HAD-wir> [kɛnˡhɑˑdɔn, kɛnˡhadwɪr]

1
missionary

ETYMOLOGY: (cenhad-, penult-syllable form < cennad = mission) + (-wr, ‘man’, agent suffix)

:_______________________________.

cenhedlaeth <ke-NHED-laith, -leth> [kɛˡnhɛdlaɪθ, -lɛθ] feminine noun
PLURAL
cenedlaethau <ke-ned-LEI-thai, -the> [kɛnɛdˡləɪθaɪ, -θɛ]

1
generation = all the individuals of roughly the same age;

y genhedlaeth = the generation

pobl o’m cenhedlaeth = people of my generation

2 generation = (as a measure of time) average lifetime of a generation; the period of years considered to separate one generation from another (often regarded as being thirty years)

genhedlaeth yn ôl a generation ago

ers cenedlaethau for generations

Buont yn ceisio cael ateb i h
yn ers cenedlaethau

They’ve been trying to find an answer for this for generations

cenedlaethau lawer o brofiad many generations of experience

hyd genhedlaeth a chenhedlaeth from generation to generation

Arhosed ein haith yn ei bri hyd genhedlaeth a chenhedlaeth

May our language remain predominant over the generations

Croniclau-1 16:15 Cofiwch yn dragwydd y cyfamod; y gair a orchmynnodd efe i fil o genedlaethau

Chronicles-1 16:16 Be ye mindful always of his covenant; the word which he commanded to a thousand generations

3 generation = a single step in the evolution of an animal or a plant etc

4 generation = period of technological development, differing from a previous period through having general characteristics unknown in an earlier period

ETYMOLOGY: (cenhedl-, penult-syllable form < cenhedlu = propagate) + (-aeth, suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

cenhedliad <ke-NHEDL-yad> [kɛˡnhɛdljad] masculine noun

1
procreation

2 propagation

ETYMOLOGY: (cenhedl-, penult-syllable form < cenedlu = propagate) + (-iad, suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

cenhedlig <ke-NHED-lig> [kɛˡnhɛdlɪg] adjective

1
obsolete pagan

2 masculine noun; obsolete pagan

ETYMOLOGY: (cenhedl-, penult-syllable form < cenedl = nation / gender / (obsolete) family) + (-ig, suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

cenhedloedd <ke-NHED-lodh, -loidh> [kɛˡnhɛdlɔɪð, -lɔð] noun plural

1
nations

See: cenedl

:_______________________________.

Y Cenhedloedd Unedig <ə ke-NHED-loidh, -lodh, i-NEE-dig> [ə kɛˡnhɛdlɔɪð, -lɔð, ɪˡneˑdɪg]

1
the United Nations

:_______________________________.

cenhedlu <ke-NHED-li> [kɛˡnhɛdlɪ] verb

verb without an object


1
procreate = to create offspring

cenhedlu a magu teulu
to procreate and to raise a family

verb with an object


2
(man) beget = to father, beget a child

Job 38:28 A oes dad i’r glaw? neu pw
y a genhedlodd ddefnynnau y gwlith?

Job 38:28 Hath the rain a father? or who hath begotten the drops of dew?

3 (woman) conceive = become pregnant with

cenhedlu plent
yn conceive a child, become pregnant

4 engender, give rise to, create, bring about, spawn

William Owen-Pughe a’i dylw
yth a genhedlodd erthylod o eiriau megis "merchaid" a "ciwaid" yn lle "merched" a "ciwed"

It was William Owen-Pughe and his followers who created such bastardisations of words as "merchaid" and "ciwaid" instead of "merched" and "ciwed"

5 atalydd cenhedlu contraceptive ("preventer of conceiving")

6 rheoli cenhedlu birth control ("regulating conceiving")

7 atgenhedlu regenerate

atgenhedlu < ad-genhedlu (ad- = re-, again) + soft mutation + (cenhedlu = procreate, generate)

ETYMOLOGY: (cenhedl-, penult-syllable form < cenedl = nation / gender / (obsolete) family) + (-u, suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

cenhedlwr <ke-NHED-lur> [kɛˡnhɛdlʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL
cenhedlwyr <ke-NHEDL-wir> [kɛˡnhɛdlwɪr]

1
begetter, progenitor

ETYMOLOGY: (cenhedl-, penult-syllable form < cenhedlu = propagate) + (-wr, ‘man’, agent suffix)

:_______________________________.

cenhinen <ke-NHII-nen> [kɛˡnhiˑnɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL
cennin <KE-nin> [ˡkɛnɪn]

1
leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum (L.), also called allium porrum )

y genhinen = the leek

6990_cennin_wikipedia_080926

(delwedd 6990)

2 the leek as the national emblem of Wales; probably because white and green were the colours of the Welsh chiefs in the medieval period (though apocryphal stories abound of a Welsh army fighting the English in a leek field, and the Welsh fighters used the leek to identify themselves to each other)

3 In the phrase of comparison mor lased â’r cennin ("as green as the leeks")

4 Llanbedr y Cennin (SH7569) village in the county of Conwy ("the ‘Llanbedr’ of the leeks"; Llanbedr = the church of Saint Peter)

ETYMOLOGY: British *kannin-.

..1/ Cornish kinenn (= leek), kinenn ewinek (= garlic);

..2/ Breton kignen (= garlic),

..3/ Irish cainnean (= leek)

The relationship between leek and garlic is seen too in the English word garlic, a “gar-leek”, “gar” being from an Old English word for “spear”.

:_______________________________.

cenhinen Bedr <ke-NHII-nen BEDR / BEE-der> [kɛˡnhiˑnɛn ˡbɛdr, ˡbeˑdɛr] feminine noun
PLURAL
cennin Pedr <KE-nin PEDR / PEE-der> [ˡkɛnɪn ˡpɛdr, ˡpeˑdɛr]

1
daffodil (narcissus pseudonarcissus)

2
this flower as a national symbol of Wales

Cennin-pedr Name of a street in Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg) (spelt as ‘Cennin Pedr’)

ETYMOLOGY: "(the) leek (of) (Saint) Peter")
(cenhinen = leek) + soft mutation + (Pedr = [Saint] Peter)

:_______________________________.

cenlli <KEN-lhi> [ˡkɛnɬɪ]

1
deluge, flood, torrent; see cenllif

2 kestrel; see cenlli goch

In many words in Welsh with the element cefn in the penultimate syllable , the [v] is elided

cefnraff > cenraff, cefnfordd > cenffordd, cefnder > cender, cefnllif > cenlli, Y Gefnros > Y Genros / Y Gendros, etc

:_______________________________.

cenllif <KEN-lhi> [ˡkɛnɬɪ] masculine noun

Also in the older form cefnllif

1
deluge, flood, torrent

Roedd y nant yn rhuthro yn gefnllif gw
yllt ar ôl y storm

The stream was a raging torrent (“rushed as a wild torrent”) after the storm

Maesygenlli (“(the) field (of) the torrent”) street name in Cletwr, Caer-sws (Powys) (apparently cenlli = torrent, but see also cenlli goch)

Llw
ybr Cenllif place east of Dolgellau in the county of Gwynedd (name on English maps: Torrent Walk)

llw
ybr y cenllif = (the) path (of) the torrent

(llw
ybr = path) + (y = definite article) + (cenllif = torrent)

2 downpour, heavy rain

bod yn genlli = be pouring down

ar ôl hanner awr a chenlli’r storm yn arafu...

after half an hour when the rainstorm subsided...

Dywedodd wrthym iddi fod yn genlli drw
y’r wythnos

He told us it had poured down all week

ETYMOLOGY: (cefn = back) + soft mutation + (llif = current, flow) > *cefnlif > cefnllif (loss of the mutation) > cenllif (loss of the final
<v> [v], normal in polysyllabic words in colloquial Welsh) > cenlli (loss of the <v> [v] in cefn, occurs in other words of two syllables where it is the first element in a compound.)

See cen-

NOTE: also occurs as a feminine noun > y genllif

:_______________________________.

cenlli goch <KEN-lhi GOOKH> [ˡkɛnɬɪ ˡgoːx] feminine noun

North Wales

1 kestrel

y genlli goch = the kestrel

ETYMOLOGY: : (cenlli = kestrel) + soft mutation + (coch = red);

cenlli < cefnlli < cefnllif;

Possibly < cefnlliw (“(bird) (with a) coloured back”);

(cefn= back) + soft mutation + (lliw = colour)

> *cefnliw > cefnlliw (loss of the mutation)

> cefnlli > cenlli (this loss of the
<v> [v] in cefn, occurs in other words of two syllables where it is the first element in a compound.

See cen-)

A final f is lost in polysyllables generally in Welsh (cyntaf = first, cynta; siaradaf = I shall speak, siarada, etc)

If the missing final consonant is w (cefnlliw > cefnlli) , this is to be compared with these other words in Welsh:

(1) heddiw / heddi (today),

(2) tanlliw / tanlli (flame-coloured), etc

:_______________________________.

cenllysg <KEN-lhisk> [ˡkɛnɬɪsk] (masculine noun) (North Wales)

1 hail

2
bwrw cenllysg <BUU-ru KEN-lhisk> [ˡbuˑrʊ ˡkɛnɬɪsk] (verb) to hail

:_______________________________.

cenllysgen <ken-LHƏ-sken> [kɛnˡɬəskɛn] (feminine noun)

(North) hailstone

:_______________________________.

..1 cennad <KE-nad> [ˡkɛnad] feminine noun
PLURAL
cenhadau <ken-HAA-dai, -de> [kɛnˡhɑˑdaɪ, -dɛ]

1
permission, leave

y gennad = the permission

gyda'ch cennad by your leave, with your permission

gyda chennad with permission

2 ar gennad (USA: on furlough) (Englandic: on leave)

m
ynd ar gennad go on leave

bod ar gennad be on leave

cennad absenoldeb leave of absence

3 rhoi cennad i give leave to (USA: to furlough) (Englandic: to leave)

ETYMOLOGY: cennad < cannad

(can- = with) + (gad- = stem of gadael = to leave; influence of cennad = messenger )

:_______________________________.

cenmyl KEN-mil [ˡkɛnmɪl]

1 (indicative mood, third.-person singular present-future tense) he / she / it praises < canmol

Apocrypha: Ecclesiasticus 21:15 Gŵr doeth, os clyw air doeth, a'i cenmyl, ac a chwanega ato: yr annoeth a'i clybu, ac nid oedd fodlon ganddo, eithr efe a'i trodd yn ôl ei gefn.

Apocrypha: Ecclesiasticus 21:15 If a skilful man hear a wise word, he will commend it, and add unto it: but as soon as one of no understanding heareth it, it displeaseth him, and he casteth it behind his back.

:_______________________________.

 
..2 cennad <KE-nad> [ˡkɛnad] (masculine noun)

1 emissary, messenger

:_______________________________.

cennau <KE-nai, -ne> [ˡkɛnaɪ, -nɛ]

1 plural form of cen / cennyn

:_______________________________.

cennin <KE-nin> [ˡkɛnɪn] (plural noun)

1 leeks; see cenhinen

:_______________________________.

Cennydd ‹KE-nidh› [ˡkɛnɪð]

1 saint’s name, a variant form of Cynydd

2 Llangennydd, a variant of Llangynydd SS4291 (English name: Llangennith). Village in the county of Abertawe.

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/873433 y pentref / the village

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/873443 yr eglwys / the church

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/873428 Pen y Brenin / The King’s Head

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

3 Also Trecennydd (Trecenydd) in Caerffili.

The medieval kántrev of Senghennydd lay between the rivers Taf and Rhymni. In the 1800s it was popularly explained as meaning “Saint Cennydd”, though the saint was not connected with this area.

However, the popularity of this explanation is to be seen in the numerous references to Cennydd in the area – Ysgol Gyfun Cenydd Sant (St. Cenydd’s Comprehensive School) in Caerffili, Eglwys Cenydd Sant a Sant Pedr
(the Church of St Cenydd and St Peter), Heol Cenydd Sant (St. Cenydd Road) in Caerffili, Rhestr Cenydd (Cenydd Terrace) in Senghennydd village, etc.

NOTE: The name Cenydd is sometimes given to males in an English form as Kenneth, though in fact the names are not related, though the pronunciation is somewhat similar

NOTE: Melville Richards / Enwau Tir a Gwlad / 1998, a compilation of articles written for Y Cymro 1967-1970,

gives Cynydd as an alternative form of Cenydd.

He also suggests that Senghennydd is very possibly ‘Sangan’s territory’; –ydd is a territorial suffix, and the first part of the name is a man’s forename, Sangan, stem Sanghann-

:_______________________________.

cennyn ke -nin› [ˡkɛnɪn]

1 See cen (= scale, skin)

:_______________________________.

cenol <KEE-nol> [ˡkeˑnɔl] adjective

1 (South-east Wales) equivalent to canol (= middle)

2 Y Bont Genol (“the middle bridge”) A bridge name noted by John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911)

“The middle bridge"
(y bont genol), across the mill-stream by the Roath mill. (
Roath is the name used by the English for Y Rhath, Caer-dydd)

3 Dwy Erw a Hanner Genol (“the middle two and a half acres”) A field name noted by John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911)

“DWY-ERW-A-HANER-GENOL
(the middle two and a half acres.) A piece of land on the shore of the East Moor (1764.)

3 Nedd Genol

A Topographical Dictionary of Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849:

NEATH- GENOL, or MIDDLE (NEDD- GENOL, or GANOL), a township, in the parish of CADOXTON, union and hundred of NEATH, county of GLAMORGAN, SOUTH WALES, 10 miles (N. E.) from Neath; containing 262 inhabitants.

4 Hafod Genol

On the
1847 Tithe Apportionment Map in the area where today stands the village of Trehafod south of Y Porth and north of Pont-y-pridd there were three farms called Hafod - Hafod Uchaf (= upper), Hafod Genol (= middle) and Hafod Fawr (= great)

5 Llwyncenol Ycha (Llwyncanol Uchaf)

Probate of the Last Will and Testament, dated 29 March 1797, of David Davies, Llwyncenol ycha in the Parish of Llanafan, co. Brecon, gent.

Calendar of Deeds and Documents Volume 1, The Coleman Deeds, Francis Green, 1921

6
Cae Cenol

Calendar of Deeds and Documents Volume 1, The Coleman Deeds, Francis Green, 1921, p. 217:

(22-07-1643) Llansamlett, co. Glamorgan… a bakehouse, little garden and barn and eight parcels of land called Kaer ffwrndy, Kae cenoll, Kae newydh, Gwayn ynis y pandy, Ynys y pandy vach, Ynys y pandy vawr, Y koedgae and Y kae dy


:_______________________________.

cenraff ‹KEN-raf› [ˡkɛnraf] (f)

1 see cefnraff (= back band of a horse’s harness)

In many words in Welsh with the element cefn in the penultimate syllable , the [v] is elided

cefnraff > cenraff,

cefnfordd > cenffordd
,

cefnder > cender,

cefnllif > cenlli,

Y Gefnros > Y Genros / Y Gendros,
etc

:_______________________________.

cenros ‹KEN-ros› [ˡkɛnrɔs] (f)

1 see cefnros (=moorland on a ridge)

In many words in Welsh with the element cefn in the penultimate syllable , the [v] is elided

cefnraff > cenraff,

cefnfordd > cenffordd
,

cefnder > cender,

cefnllif > cenlli,

Y Gefnros > Y Genros / Y Gendros,
etc

:_______________________________.

cer! <KER> [kɛr] (verb) (South Wales)

1 go!

ETYMOLOGY: Used as the second-person singular imperative of mynd (= to go), though in fact it is cer, the stem of cer’ed < cerdded (= to walk)

NOTE: The second-person plural form is cerwch! (= go!). A colloquial form is cera! with the –a of the second-person singular imperative ending, not needed in this case, being added. See -a

:_______________________________.

cerbyd <KER-bid> [ˡkɛrbɪd] masculine noun
PLURAL
cerbydau <ker--dai, -de> [kɛrˡbədaɪ, -dɛ]

1
vehicle

cerb
yd cyhoeddus public service vehicle (PSV)

2 carriage, coach

cerb
yd â phâr coach and pair (coach drawn by two horses)

Y Cerb
yd a’r Meirch (public house name) the Coach and Horses

yn Nhafarn y Cerb
yd a’r Meirch in the "Coach and Horses", at the sign of the "Coach and Horses"

3 chariot

cerb
yd rhyfel chariot, war chariot

cerb
yd rhyfel Rhufeinig Roman chariot

4 (railway) (American: car) (Englandic: carriage, coach)

cerb
yd trên (American: railroad car) (Englandic: railway carriage)

cerbyd metro (American: subway car), underground railway carriage, metro carriage

5 coach, motor coach

Cerbydau Caelloi "Caelloi Motors", coach company in Pwllheli (the company uses the form Caelloi, the correct spelling would be Cae-lloi, with a hyphen; from Cae’r-lloi = the field of the calves, calf field)

6 saer cerbydau

carriage builder, coach builder; person who builds bodies of cars, lorries, railway cars (Englandic: carriages), etc

7 (history) ffordd gerbyd

coach road, road for horse-drawn coaches

8 ôl-gerbyd (lorry) trailer = wheeled flat frame towed by a tractor unit; the flat frame may be a base for carrying a container, or may support an open or closed box-like structure - (ôl = back) + soft mutation + (cerbyd = vehicle)

9 cerbytffordd carriageway

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Irish (modern Irish carbad = chariot);

cf (1) Celtic *karbant-,

(2) in Gaulish karpent (= war vehicle).

(3) Taken into Latin as carpentum (= wagon),

(4) From carpentum came French charpente = (building) framework, skeleton; (body) constitution, build; (speech, novel) structure

(5) Derivatives in French: (a) charpenter (= (wood) shape; construct; (speech, novel) shape, plan); (b) from the Latin derivative carpentarius (= wagon builder) is French charpentier (= carpenter); and charpenterie (= carpentry, carpenter’s workshop, timberyard)

(6) The English word carpenter with
‹k› is from Norman; in many Norman words an initial <k> [k] coresponds to ‹sh› [ʃ] in modern French, in earlier French ‹ch› [ʧ]

:_______________________________.

cerbytffordd <ker-BƏT-fordh> [kɛrˡbətfɔrð] feminine noun
PLURAL cerbytffyrdd
<ker-BƏT-firdh> [kɛrˡbətfɪrð]

1
carriageway

ETYMOLOGY: (cerb
yd = vehicle) + (ffordd= road) > *cerbyd·ffordd > cerbytffordd (d-ff > t-ff)

:_______________________________.

cerbyty <ker--ti> [kɛrˡbətɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL cerbytai
<ker--tai> [kɛrˡbətaɪ] 1 coach house

ETYMOLOGY: (cerb
yd = vehicle) + soft mutation + (ty = house) > cerbyd·dy > cerbyty (d-d > t)

NOTE: Also coetsiws < English "coachhouse
"

:_______________________________.

cerdd, cerddi <KERDH, KER-dhi> [ˡkɛrð, ˡkɛrðɪ] (f)

1 poem

y gerdd = the poem

cerddi caeth a rhydd poems in strict metre and in free metre

rhiangerdd ‹hri-AN-gerdh› [hrɪˡangɛrð] (qv) love poem, poem in praise of a young woman

(rhian = maiden) + soft mutation + (cerdd = poem)

This form of the word was popular in the 1800s, though historically it is rhieingerdd


rhieingerdd ‹hri-EIN-gerdh› [hrɪˡəɪngɛrð] (qv) love poem, poem in praise of a young woman (rhiein- = penult form of rhiain = maiden) + soft mutation + (cerdd = poem)

cerdd arobryn prize-winning poem, winning poem

2 music

cerdd dant
<kerdh DANT> [kɛrð ˡdant] harp music

This is literally ‘string music’ < tant (= harpstring)

Mae pob aderyn yn hoff o'i gerdd ei hun, ebe'r frân (saying) every bird likes his own music, says the crow (what is badly done may seem quite satisfactory to the person who does it)

siop gerdd, siopau cerdd music shop, shop selling musical instruments and music books

sioe gerdd, sioeau cerdd theatrical show with a simple plot with dialogue interspersed with songs and dancing

Coleg Cerdd a Drama College of Music and Drama

blodeugerdd, blodeugerddi
‹blo-DEI-gerdh, blo-dei-GER-dhi› (f) anthology

(blodeu-, blodau = the flower [of something], the best [of something]) + soft mutation + (cerdd = song, poem) > best song, best poem > anthology, collection of the best poems

pencerdd, penceirddiaid chief musician in the medieval Welsh court

(pen = head; principal person) + (cerdd = music)

3 (obsolete) craft, art, occupation

4 angerdd passion

ángerdd (= áng-erdd) < ángerdd (= ang-gerdd)

(an- = prefix) + soft mutation + (cerdd = craft);

The change (
ang-g...) > (ang...) is due to the influence of the words angau (= death)
‹ANG-ai› aŋaɪ], angen (= neeed, necessity) ‹ANG-en› aŋɛn],

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Common Celtic

Irish: ceird (= trade, craft), ceard (= craftsman)

Cf Greek kerdos (= profit, cunning, craftiness)

:_______________________________.

cerdd <KERDH> [kɛrð] (f)

1 (obsolete) walk, journey

2 movement

3 (place names) slope (“land moving downwards”)

Y Gerlan (qv) <GER-lan> SH6366 district of Bethesda

“the slope” Y Gerlan < Y Gerddlan (y definite article) + soft mtuation + (cerddlan = slope, bank) cerddlan < (cerdd = slope) + soft mtuation + (glan = river bank, slope)

gogerdd
(qv) slope, ledge < gwogerdd (gwo- prefix, = under) + soft mtuation + (cerdd = slope)

Occurs in the names Gogerddan and Y Gogarth

 ETYMOLOGY: Cornish kerdh (= journey), Breton kerzh (= jouney), e-gerzh (= during)


:_______________________________.

cerdd
<KERDH> [kɛrð] (verb)

1 walk!

(dal aderyn du) Tyn dy gap yn barod, a cherdd yn ddystaw ato, mi dali o mewn mynyd.

Adgofion Bywgraffyddol - Dewi Wnion (1800-1884)

(Catching a blackbird) Take off your cap ready, walk slowly towards it, and you’ll catch it in no time

:_______________________________.

cerdda <KER-dha> [ˡkɛrða] (verb)

1 walk!

Diarhebion 6:6 Cerdda at y morgrugyn, tydi ddiogyn; edrych ar ei ffyrdd ef, a bydd ddoeth:

Proverbs 6:6 Go to the ant, thou sluggard; consider her ways, and be wise:

:_______________________________.

cerdded <KER-dhed> [ˡkɛrðɛd] (verb)

1 to walk

taith cerdded, teithiau cerdded walk, march (as in a protest walk over a long distance)

2 walk = go across, step on the surface of

Na cherddwch ar y glaswellt Keep off the grass (“Do not walk on the grass”)

3 Cerddodd ias trwof A shiver went down my spine (“a shudder went / walked through me”)

4 news, rumour - spread, (old-fashioned: go abroad)

mae’r si yn cerdded bod... there’s a rumour going round that..., it’s rumoured that...

fe gerdodd y gair bod... the rumour went around that...

fe gerdodd y sôn bod... the rumour went around that...

Bu’r sôn am Siôn Llywelyn Gwêl-y-don yn cerdded fel tân w
yllt

The rumour about Siôn Llywelyn from Gwêl-y-don quickly went around (“went like wildfire”)

:_______________________________.

cerddor, cerddorion <KER-dhor, ker-DHOR-yon> [ˡkɛrðɔr, kɛrˡðɔrjɔn] (masculine noun)

1 musician

:_______________________________.

cerddorfa, cerddorféydd <ker-DHOR-va, ker-dhor-VEIDH> [kɛrˡðɔrva, kɛrðɔrˡvəɪð] (feminine noun)

1 orchestra

y gerddorfa the orchestra

Cerddorfa Faróc Cymru the Welsh Baroque Orchestra

(Cerddorfa Baroc Gymreig is not correct)

:_______________________________.

cerddoriaeth <ker-DHOR-yaith, -yeth> [kɛrˡðɔrjaɪθ, -ɛθ] (feminine noun)

1 music

y gerddoriaeth = the music

:_______________________________.

cerddorol <ker-DHOO-rol> [kɛrˡðoˑrɔl] (adjective)

1 musical

:_______________________________.

cerddwr, cerddwyr <KER-dhur,-KERDH-wir> [ˡkɛrðʊr,ˡkɛrðwɪr] (masculine noun)

1 pedestrian

:_______________________________.

cerdyn, cardiau <KER-din, KARD-yai, -e> [ˡkɛrdɪn, ˡkardjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)

1 card

2 cerdyn prawf test card - an image broadcast by a television channel when the transmitter is active but there is no programme being shown. It indicates what company is using the channel, and a pattern on it serves for adjusting the TV set to obtain a correct setting.

:_______________________________.

cerdyn atgoffa <KER-din at-GOO-fa> [ˡkɛrdɪn atˡgoˑfa] masculine noun
PLURAL
cardiau atgoffa <KARD-yai, -ye, at-GOO-fa> [ˡkardjaɪ, -ɛ, atˡgoˑfa]

1
reminder, a postcard sent to remind someone (e.g. from a library to say that the loan period for a book has been exceeded, from a doctor or dentist to say that it is time to arrange a time for a periocical check-up, etc)

ETYMOLOGY: "card (of) reminding", (cerd
yn = card) + (atgoffa = to remind)

:_______________________________.

cerdyn banc <KER-din BANGK> [ˡkɛrdɪn ˡbaŋk] masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau banc <KARD-yai, -ye, BANGK> [ˡkardjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡbaŋk]

1
bank card, banker’s card; card issued by a bank which guarantees the recipient of a cheque that it will be paid in full up to a stated amount

ETYMOLOGY: “card (of) bank", (cerd
yn = card) + (banc = bank)

:_______________________________.

cerdyn bws <KER-din BUS> [ˡkɛrdɪn ˡbʊs] masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau bws <KARD-yai, -ye, BUS> [ˡkardjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡbʊs]

 

1 bus pass

ETYMOLOGY: “card (of) bus", (cerd
yn = card) + (bws = bus)

:_______________________________.

cerdyn byrddio <KER-din BƏRDH-yo> [ˡkɛrdɪn ˡbərðjɔ] masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau byrddio <KARD-yai, -ye, BƏRDH-yo > [ˡkardjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡbərðjɔ]

1
boarding card = identification card for a passenger going on to a boat or plane

ETYMOLOGY: translation of English boarding card; (cerd
yn = card) + (byrddio = to embark, go on board)

NOTE: cerd
yn byrddio is the standard form. In the south, carden fyrddio

:_______________________________.

cerdyn catalog <ker-din KA-ta-log> [kɛrdɪn ˡkatalɔg] (masculine noun)

1 catalogue card

:_______________________________.

cerdyn coch <KER-din KOOKH> [ˡkɛrdɪn ˡkoːx] masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau coch, cardiau cochion <KARD-yai, -ye, KOOKH, KOKH-yon> [ˡkardjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡkoːx, ˡkɔxjɔn] kard-ye kookh, kard-ye kokh-yon›

1
(football) red card = card shown by a referee to a player who has broken a rule or rules of the game, used as a visual command to leave the football field;

dangos y cerd
yn coch = show the red card (to a player)

ETYMOLOGY: translation of English red card

NOTE: cerd
yn coch is the standard form. In the south, carden goch

:_______________________________.

cerdyn cofnodi <KER-din kov-NOO-di> [ˡkɛrdɪn kɔvˡnoˑdɪ] (masculine noun)

1 file card

:_______________________________.

cerdyn cyfarch <KER-din -varkh> [ˡkɛrdɪn ˡkəvarx] masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau cyfarch <KARD-yai, -ye, -varkh> [ˡkardjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡkəvarx]

1
greetings card (Christmas, birthday, wedding, etc)

ETYMOLOGY: adaptation of English greeting card; (cerd
yn = card) + (cyfarch = to greet)

NOTE: cerd
yn cyfarch is the standard form. In the south, carden gyfarch

:_______________________________.

cerdyn debyd <KER-din DEE-bid> [ˡkɛrdɪn ˡdeˑbɪd] masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau debyd <KARD-yai, -ye, DEE-bid> [ˡkardjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡdeˑbɪd]

1
debit card, electronic card which can be used for payment and automatically takes the amount to be paid from the holder’s bank account and transfers it to the account of the payee

ETYMOLOGY: translation of English debit card; (cerd
yn = card) + (debyd = debit)

NOTE: Cerd
yn debyd is the standard form. In the south, carden ddebyd is possible

:_______________________________.

cerdyn glanio <KER-din GLAN-yo> [ˡkɛrdɪn ˡglanjɔ] masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau glanio <KARD-yai, -ye, GLAN-yo> [ˡkardjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡglanjɔ]

1
landing card = identification card for a passenger leaving a boat or plane

ETYMOLOGY: translation of English landing card; (cerd
yn = card) + (glanio = to land, to disembark)

NOTE: cerd
yn glanio is the standard form. In the south, carden lanio

:_______________________________.

cerdyn mynegai <KER-din mə-NEE-gai, -e> [kɛrdɪn məˡneˑgaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)

1 index card

:_______________________________.

cerdyn pen-blwydd <KER-din pen-BLUIDH> [ˡkɛrdɪn pɛnˡblʊɪð] masculine noun
PLURAL
cardiau pen-blwydd <KARD-yai, -ye, pen-BLUIDH>> [ˡkardjaɪ, -ɛ, pɛnˡblʊɪð]

1 birthday card

ETYMOLOGY: translation of English birthday card

NOTE: cerd
yn pen-blwydd is the standard form. In the south, carden ben-blwydd

:_______________________________.

cerd
yn post <KER-din POST> [ˡkɛrdɪn ˡpɔst] masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau post <KARD-yai, -ye, POST>> [ˡkardjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡpɔst]

1 postcard

2 cerd
yn post darluniadol picture postcard

ETYMOLOGY: translation of English postcard

NOTE: cerd
yn post is the standard form. In the north post > pôst (Compare Southern rhost (= rhoasted), Northern rhôst; Southern cost (= cost, Northern côst; etc) . In the south, carden bost

:_______________________________.

cerd
yn priodas <KER-din pri-OO-das> [ˡkɛrdɪn prɪˡoˑdas] masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau priodas <KARD-yai, -ye, pri-OO-das>> [ˡkardjaɪ, -ɛ, prɪˡoˑdas]

1 postcard

1
cerd
yn priodas wedding card, card sent to congratulate a couple on their marriage

ETYMOLOGY: translation of English wedding card

NOTE: cerd
yn priodas is the standard form. In the south, carden briodas

:_______________________________.

cerdyn siec <KER-din SHEK> [ˡkɛrdɪn ˡʃɛk] (masculine noun)
PLURAL
cardiau siec <KARD-yai, -ye, SHEK> [ˡkardjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡʃɛk]

1
check card (Englandic: cheque card)

:_______________________________.

 

cerdyn teithio <KER-din TEITH-yo> [ˡkɛrdɪn ˡtəɪθjɔ] masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau teithio <KARD-yai, -ye, TEITH-yo > [ˡkardjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡtəɪθjɔ]

1
travel card = a multi-journey ticket for public transport

ETYMOLOGY: translation of English travel card; (cerd
yn = card) + (teithio = travelling; to travel)

NOTE: cerd
yn teithio is the standard form. In the south, carden deithio might be expected

:_______________________________.



cerdyn ymwéld <KER-din əm-WELD> [ˡkɛrdɪn əmˡwɛld] masculine noun
PLURAL cardiau ymwéld kard-ye əm-weld <KARD-ye əm-WELD> [ˡkardjaɪ, -ɛ, əmˡwɛld]

1
(American: calling card) (Englandic: visiting card)

ETYMOLOGY: translation of English visiting card

NOTE: cerd
yn ymwéld is the standard form. In the south, carden ymwéld

:_______________________________.

cered <KEE-red> [ˡkeˑrɛd] verb

South Wales

1 form of cerdded = to walk, to go

2 bod ar gered be away from home

rhoi ar gered put into action, set in motion

3 Ceredigion; masculine noun hurry, rush

Beth
yw’r cered sy arnat ti? What’s the rush? What’s all the hurry? (“What is the hurry which is on you?”)

ETYMOLOGY: cerdded with the loss of the consonant
<dh> [ð]

:_______________________________.

Cered <KEE-red> [ˡkeˑrɛd] masculine noun

 http://www.mentrau-iaith.com/mentrau/ceredigion/cymraeg/ceredigion.shtml

1
‘menter iaith’ (centre for the promotion of the Welsh language) serving the county of Ceredigion. Set up in October 2000, based in the village of Felin-fach.

ETYMOLOGY: a play on words – it is the abbreviaiton for Ceredigion (see Cered.), as well as being the southern form of cerdded (= to walk). In the county of Ceredigion cered also has the sense of ‘hurry’, ‘intense activity’ (see cered)

:_______________________________.

Cered. <KEE-red> [ˡkeˑrɛd]

1
abbreviation of Ceredigion (county name / region / old kingdom)

:_______________________________.

Ceredigion <ke-re-DIG-yon> [kɛrɛˡdɪgjɔn] (feminine noun)

(1) medieval territory, south-west Wales;

(2) name of a district in the former county of Dyfed (1972-1996);

(3) modern county (created 1996)

:_______________________________.

cerf <KERF> [kɛrf] adjective

1
carved

Daethpw
yd o hyd i dwy garreg gerf anferth o dan lawr yr eglwys

Two enormous carved stones were found under the floor of the church

ETYMOLOGY: stem of the verb cerfio (= to carve)

:_______________________________.

cerfdy <KERV-di> [ˡkɛrvdɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL
cerfdai <KERV-dai> [ˡkɛrvdaɪ]

1
carvery = restaurant where a customer pays a set price and may have as many portions as he / she wants of meat and vegetables

ETYMOLOGY: (cerf- stem of cerfio = to carve (meat) + soft mutation + (t
y^ = house)

:_______________________________.

cerfiad <KERV-yad> [ˡkɛrvjad] masculine noun
PLURAL
cerfiadau <kerv-YAA-dai, -e> [kɛrvˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]

1
carving

ETYMOLOGY: (cerf- stem of cerfio = to carve) + (-i-ad abstract noun-forming suffix)

:_______________________________.

cerfiedig <kerv-YEE-dig> [kɛrvˡjeˑdɪg] adjective

1
carved

ETYMOLOGY: (cerf- stem of cerfio = to carve) + (-i-edig suffix for forming a past participle adjective)

:_______________________________.

cerfio <KERV-yo> [ˡkɛrvjɔ] verb

(verb with an object)


1 carve = chip away at, or slice, a material (in order to form something)

cerfio pren carve wood

cerfio carreg carve a stone

2 carve = produce (an object) by chipping away at or slicing some material

cerfio delw carve a statue

3 carve (meat), cut slices off meat

4 carve = engrave

cerfio ei enw yn y garreg to carve his name in the stone

5 of facial expression adopted, as if carved

Yr oedd anobaith wedi ei gerfio ar eu hw
ynebau

Hopelessness was carved on his face

ETYMOLOGY: (cerf < English kerve (= to carve) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

(cerf- is from Middle English kerve = to carve. As such, it preserves the original –er sound which in later English became –ar; other examples are Welsh fferm / clerc / persli / person, English farm / clark / parsley / parson )

Related to German die Kerbe (= notch, nick)

:_______________________________.

cerfiwr <KERV-yur> [ˡkɛrvjʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL
cerfwyr <KERV-wir> [ˡkɛrvwɪr]

2
woodcarver

Bob Gruff, y Cerfiwr o Langwm... Bob Gruff, the woodcarver from Llangwm

ETYMOLOGY: (cerf-, stem of cerfio = to carve, to sculpt) + soft mutation + (-i-wr suffix for indicating a device or an agent; literally = man)

:_______________________________.

cerflun <KERV-lin> [ˡkɛrvlɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL
cerfluniau <kerv-LIN-yai, -yai, -e> [kɛrvˡlɪnjaɪ, -ɛ]

1 carving

2 statue, sculpture

cerflun o’r Forw
yn a Madonna (a statue of the Virgin Mary)

ETYMOLOGY: (cerf-, stem of cerfio = to carve, to sculpt) + soft mutation + (llun = picture)

:_______________________________.

cerfluniaeth <kerv-LIN-yaith, -yeth> [kɛrvˡlɪnjaɪθ, -ɛθ] feminine noun

1
(art) sculpture = making three-dimensional figures; branch of art, a discipline, a profession

ETYMOLOGY: (cerf-, stem of cerfio = to carve, to sculpt) +(-i-aeth suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

cerflunig <kerv-LII-nig> [kɛrvˡliˑnɪg] masculine noun
PLURAL
cerflunigau <kerv-li-NII-gai, -gai, -e> [kɛrvlɪnˡiˑgaɪ, -ɛ]

2 statuette

ETYMOLOGY: (cerflun = sculpture) + (-ig diminutive suffix added to nouns)

:_______________________________.

cerflunio <kerv-LIN-yo> [kɛrvˡlɪnjɔ] verb

1 sculpt, create sculptures

ETYMOLOGY: (cerflun = sculpture) + (-ig diminutive suffix added to nouns) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

cerfluniwr <kerv-LIN-yur> [kɛrvˡlɪnjʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL
cerflunwyr <kerv-LIN-wir> [kɛrvˡlɪnwɪr]

1 sculptor

ETYMOLOGY: (cerflun-, arrel de cerflunio = to sculpt) + (-ig diminutive suffix added to nouns) + (-i-wr suffix for indicating a device or an agent; literally = man)

:_______________________________.

cerflunwaith <kerv-LIN-waith> [kɛrvˡlɪnwaɪθ] masculine noun
PLURAL
cerflunweithiau <kerv-lin-WEITH-yai, -yai, -e> [kɛrvlɪnˡwəɪθjaɪ, -ɛ]

2 carving

ETYMOLOGY: (cerflun = sculpture) + + soft mutation + (gwaith = work)

:_______________________________.

cerflunydd <kerv-LII-nidh> [kɛrvˡliˑnɪð] masculine noun

1
sculptor; see cerfluniwr

:_______________________________.

cerfwedd <KERV-wedh> [ˡkɛrvwɛð] feminine noun

1
relief = raised work (art)

cerfwedd isel bas relief, low relief


wedi ei gerfio mewn cerfwedd isel carved in low relief

cerfwedd uchel high relief = a type of relief or sculpture of shapes carved to stand out from a background; in high relief, the carved figure is well above this surface formed to serve as the background

ffug-gerfwedd false relief

mewn cerfwedd in relief

mewn cerfwedd canolig in medium relief

ETYMOLOGY: (cerf-, stem of cerfio = to carve, to sculpt) + soft mutation + (gwedd = aspect)

:_______________________________.

Ceri <KEE-ri> [ˡkeˑrɪ] (masculine or feminine noun)

1 place name

Village in Powys SO1489. Spelt “Kerry” by the English.

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1489

2 man’s name

3 woman’s name

:_______________________________.

Ceridwen <ke-RID-wen> [kɛˡrɪdwɛn] (feminine noun)

1 woman’s name

ETYMOLOGY: The elements of this name (which may have been formed in British rather than in Welsh) are (cerid) + (-wen = white; fair)

Cerid < British *karita, comparable with Latin caritas, accusative caritatem (= dearness, high price; affection)

NOTE: Not connected with “cerdd” (= poem), which is the derivation given on some name websites

:_______________________________.

cern <KERN> [kɛrn] feminine noun
PLURAL
cernau <KER-nai, -nai, -e> [ˡkɛrnaɪ, -ɛ]

1 cheekbone, side of head

y gern = the cheekbone

Roedd ganddo gernau uchel

He had high cheekbones

Brenhinoedd-1 22.24 Ond Sedseceia mab Cenaana a nesaodd, ac a drawodd Michea dan ei gern, ac a ddywedodd, Pa ffordd yr aeth ysbr
yd yr Arglwydd oddi wrthyf fi i ymddidan â thydi?

Kings-1 22.24 But Zedekiah, the son of Chenaanah went near, and smote Micaiah on the cheek, and said, Which way went the spirit of the Lord from me to speak unto you?

2 county of Môn gwneud cern (cow, bull) make a threatening gesture with the head

3 cernflew (qv) side whiskers

4 cerngoch (qv) having red side whiskers.

Cerngoch was the penname of John Jenkins, a nineteenth-century poet from Llanfihangel Ystrad in the county of Ceredigion

5 cernwyn (qv) having white side whiskers

6 cernod (qv); cernen (qv); cerniad / cernad (qv); blow to the side of the head, box on the ears

7 slope, hillside
Cerniau “slopes” SH7524 Name of a hill by Llanfachreth

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/727749

Nearby is
Bwlch Goriwaered bwlch y goriwaered “(the) gap (of) the slope”

8 corner

Plas Pengwern mewn cern, mîn coed” (1790 Twm o’r Nant)

the mansion of Pengwern in a corner, (at the) edge of a wood

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cern < British *kern-a < Celtic *kern-â

From the same British root: Breton kern (= summit; top of the head)

From the same Celtic root: Irish cearn (= corner)

NOTE: According to a correspondent in the Western Mail (06 06 1983) “gern” is used in Cambrian English for ‘cheekbone and side of face’

:_______________________________.

Cernyw <KER-niu> [ˡkɛrnɪʊ] (feminine noun)

1 Cornwall

2 pastai Gernyw PLURAL pasteiod Cernyw Cornish pasty, (“pasty (of) Cornwall”)

:_______________________________.

Cernyweg <ker-NIU-eg> [kɛrˡnɪʊɛg] (feminine noun) (adjective)

1 Cornish (language)

y Gernyweg = the Cornish language

:_______________________________.

cerpyn PLURAL carpau <KER-pin> [ˡkɛrpɪn] <KAR-pai, -e> [ˡkarpaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)

1
rag

2 (South Wales) (colloquial) yn eich carpau gorau all dressed up, in one's best clothes ("in your best rags")

:_______________________________.

cerpyn <KER-pin> [ˡkɛrpɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL
carpiaid <KARP-yaid, -yed> [ˡkarpjaɪd, -ɛd]

1 (Cyprinus carpio) carp

ETYMOLOGY: (carp = carp) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns) (vowel change a > e under the influence of the y in the final syllable)

Welsh carp < English carp an adaptation of English carp < Old French < Germanic

:_______________________________.

cerrig <KE-rig> [ˡkɛrɪg] (plural noun)

1 stones (plural of carreg)

:_______________________________.

Cerrig Ceinwen <ke-rig KEIN-wen> [ˡkɛrɪg ˡkəɪnwɛn] (feminine noun)

1 place name (Ceinwen’s stones)

:_______________________________.

Cerrigllwydion <KE-rig LHUID-yon> [ˡkɛrɪg ˡɬʊɪdjɔn]

1 hamlet above Pont-rhyd-y-fen in the Afan valley (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)

ETYMOLOGY: y cerrig llw
ydion = “the grey stones” (cerrig = stones. plural of carreg = stone) + (llwydion plural form of llwyd = grey)

:_______________________________.

Y Cerrig-mân <ə KE-rig MAAN> [ə ˡkɛrɪg ˡmɑːn]

..a/ Y Cerrig-mân SS5494 farm by Afon Morlais south of Pen-clawdd (Abertawe) (“Cerrig Mân”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS5494 map

..b/ Y Cerrig-mân SH4590 hamlet north-west of Pen-y-sarn, Ynys Môn (“Cerrig-mân”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/392318 map

ETYMOLOGY: y cerrig mân the little stones; the pebbles

(y definite article) + (cerrig = stones) + (mân = small)

:_______________________________.

cerrynt <KE-rint> [ˡkɛrɪnt] nm
PLURAL
cerhyntau <ker-HƏN-tai, -tai, -e> [kɛrˡhəntaɪ, -ɛ]

1 (obsolete) path, road

2 (obsolete) riverbed

3 (obsolete) ford

ETYMOLOGY: (carr- < car = cart) + (h
ynt = way)

carr-hynt > cerr-hynt (vowel affection, a > e caused by the y in the following syllable) > cerrynt (loss of the h)

Cornish karrhyns (= cart track), Breton karrhent (= sunken lane, lane)

NOTE: Also: cerh
ynt

:_______________________________.

certh <KERTH> [kɛrθ] (adjective) (Latin: certus)

1
(obsolete) certain. See coelcerth = bonfire

:_______________________________.

cerwyn <KE-ruin> [ˡkɛrʊɪn] feminine noun
PLURAL
cerwyni <ke-RUI-ni> [kɛˡrʊɪnɪ]

1 tub, vat

y gerw
yn = the tub

2 (place names) hollow

Moel Cwm Cerwyn “There is a mountain in Pembrokeshire called Moel Cwm Cerwyn which derives its name from Cwm Cerwyn, a crater-like hollow on the summit of it.” (Byegones 3 7 1878 p57)

3 cerwn facsu (South Wales) brewing vat

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cerw
yn < British *kerên(a),

possibly from Latin carîna (= keel, nutshell) (as in Catalan carena = keel of a boat, hill ridge)

NOTE: Colloquially in the south it is cerwn (w
y > w) <KER-win> [ˡkɛrwɪn]

NOTE: Page 46 / A Welsh Grammar - Historical and Comparative / John Morris-Jones (1864-1929) /

1913: The following words may be mentioned as those most commonly mispronounced: wy is the falling diphthong in cer2226_wy_mwyn_y_ar_ffurf_h_hanner_cylchn ‘vat’, disg2226_wy_mwyn_y_ar_ffurf_h_hanner_cylchl, ‘look, expect’, G2226_wy_mwyn_y_ar_ffurf_h_hanner_cylchnedd ‘Venedotia’, G2226_wy_mwyn_y_ar_ffurf_h_hanner_cylchndid, id., mor2226_wy_mwyn_y_ar_ffurf_h_hanner_cylchn ‘maiden’, ter2226_wy_mwyn_y_ar_ffurf_h_hanner_cylchn ‘ fervent’; it is the rising diphthong in oher2227_wy_gwych_w_y_ar_ffurf_hdd ‘because of’, cych2227_wy_gwych_w_y_ar_ffurf_hn, ‘rise, start’, erch2227_wy_gwych_w_y_ar_ffurf_hn ‘protector, [bed]-side’, ded2227_wy_gwych_w_y_ar_ffurf_hdd ‘happy’

7092_gwynedd_jmj_welsh_grammar_1913_46_081122

(delwedd 7092)

:_______________________________.

cesail <KE-sail, -sel> [ˡkɛsaɪl , ˡkɛsɛl] feminine noun
PLURAL
ceseiliau <ke-SEIL-yai, -yai, -e> [kɛˡsəɪljaɪ, -jɛ]

1 armpit

y gesail the armpit

cesail y forddwyd groin

2 dan eich cesail (bird) under its wing ("under your armpit");

iâr â’i phen dan ei chesail a hen with its head under its wing

3 armpit = part of garment, where the sleeve joins the main part (shirt, blouse, jacket, dress, etc)

4 poced gesail inside pocket (of a jacket, etc) ("armpit pocket")

5 hollow, nook, recess, sheltered place; sometimes in place names

Y Gesail “the nook” street name in Johnstown (county of Wrecsam)

6 North Wales creek, inlet

7 South Wales cesail morddwyd crotch, groin ("(arm)pit (of) thigh")

8 South Wales Cymer gip dan dy gesail See your own faults first; recognise that you too have faults before you accuse others ("take a look under your armpit")

:_______________________________.

Cesail-y-bryn <KE-sail, -sel, ə BRIN> [ˡkɛsaɪl, –sɛl ə ˡbrɪn]

1 street name in Pwllheli (county of Gwynedd) (“Cesail y Bryn”)

ETYMOLOGY: cesail y bryn “(the) hollow / nook (of) the hill”, “hill hollow”

(cesail = armpit; hollow, nook) + (y definite article) + (bryn = hill)

:_______________________________.

cesair <KE-sair, -ser> [ˡkɛsaɪr, -ɛr]

South Wales

1 hailstones, hail

See ceseiren

:_______________________________.

cesar <KE-sar> [ˡkɛsar]

1 South-east Wales - local form of cesair (= hail, hailstones). See ceseiren

:_______________________________.

Cesar <KE-sar> [ˡkɛsar] masculine noun

1 Iwl Cesar Julius Caesar

2 Telwch chwithau yr eiddo Cesar i Gesar

Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar’s ("pay you yourself what belongs to Caesar to Caesar")

Mathew 22:17 Dywed i ni gan hynn
y, Beth yr wyt ti yn ei dybied? AI cyfreithlon rhoddi teyrnged i Gesar, ai nid yw? (22:18) Ond yr Iesu a wybu eu drygioni hwy, ac a ddywedodd, Paham yr ydych yn fy nhemtio i, chwi ragrithwyr? (22:19) Dangoswch i mi arian y deyrnged. A hwy a ddygasant ato geiniog: (22:20) Ac efe a ddywedodd wrthynt, Eiddo pwy ywr ddelw hon a’r argraff? (22:21) Dywedasant wrtho, Eiddo Cesar. Yna y dywedodd wrthynt, Telwch chwithau yr eiddo Cesar i Gesar, a’r eiddo Duw i Dduw.

Matthew 22:17 Tell us therefore, What thinkest thou? Is it lawful to give tribute unto Caesar, or not? (22:18) But Jesus perceived their wickedness, and said, Why tempt ye me, ye hypocrites? (22:19) Show me the tribute money. And they brought unto him a penny. (22:20) And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? (22:21) They say unto him, Caesar's. Then saith he unto them, Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's; and unto God the things that are God's.

Other verions of the expression in other gospels:

Marc 12:14 Hw
ythau, pan ddaethant, a ddywedasant wrtho, Athro, ni a wyddom dy fod di yn eirwir, ac nad oes arnat ofal rhag neb: canys nid wyt ti yn edrych ar wyneb dynion, ond yr wyt yn dysgu ffordd Duw mewn gwirionedd: Ai cyfreithlon rhoi teyrnged i Gesar, ai nid yw? a roddwn, ai ni roddwn hi? (12:15) Ond efe, gan wybod eu rhagrith hwynt, a ddywedodd wrthynt, Paham y temtiwch fi? dygwch i mi geiniog, fel y gwlewyf fi (12:16) A hwy a’i dygasant. Ac efe a ddywedodd wrthynt, Eiddo pwy yw’r ddelw hon a’r argraff? A hwy a ddywedasant wrtho, Eiddo Cesar. (12:17) A’r Iesu a atebodd ac a ddywedodd wrthynt, Rhoddwch yr eiddo Cesar i Gesar, a’r eiddo Duw i Dduw. A rhyfeddu a wnaethant o’r plegid.

Mark 12:14 And when they were come, they say unto him, Master, we know that thou art true, and carest for no man: for thou regardest not the person of men, but teachest the way of God in truth: Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not? (12:15) Shall we give, or shall we not give? But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said unto them, Why tempt ye me? bring me a penny, that I may see it. (12:16) And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? And they said unto him, Caesar's. (12:17) And Jesus answering said unto them, Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's. And they marvelled at him.

Luc 20.22 Ai cyfreithlon i ni roi te
yrnged i Gesar, ai nid yw? (20:23) Ac efe a ddeallodd eu cyfrwystra hwy, ac a ddywedodd wrthynt, Paham y temtiwch fi? (20:24) Dangoswch i mi geiniog. Llun ac argraff pwy sydd arni? A hwy a atbeasant ac a ddyewdasant, Yr eiddo Cesar. (20.25) Ac efe a ddywedodd wrthynt, Rhoddwch chwithau yr eiddo Cesar i Gesar, a’r eiddo Duw i Dduw.

Luke 20:22 Is it lawful for us to give tribute unto Caesar, or no? (20:23) But he perceived their craftiness, and said unto them, Why tempt ye me? (20:24) Show me a penny. Whose image and superscription hath it? They answered and said, Caesar's. (20:25) And he said unto them, Render therefore unto Caesar the things which be Caesar's, and unto God the things which be God's.

ETYMOLOGY: Cesar < Latin Caesar

:_______________________________.

Cesaraidd <ke-SAA-raidh, -edh> [kɛˡsaraɪð, -ɛð] adjective

1
Caesarian; genedigaeth Gesaraidd Caesarian birth

:_______________________________.

ces dillad <KEES DII-lhad> [ˡkeːs ˡdɪɬad] masculine noun
PLURAL
cesys dillad <KE-sis DII-lhad> [ˡkɛsɪs ˡdɪɬad]

1 suitcase

also: siwtces

ETYMOLOGY: (ces = case) + (dillad = clothes)

:_______________________________.

ceseiren <ke-SEI-ren> [kɛˡsəɪrɛn]

feminine noun
PLURAL
cesair <KE-sair, -ser> [ˡkɛsaɪr, -ɛr]

South Wales

1 hailstone

y geseiren = the hailstone


2
bwrw cesair to hail ("throw hailstones")

3
cawod o gesair hailstorm, hail shower ("shower of hail")

4
cesair hailstones, hail

5 ceseirio to hail

ETYMOLOGY: ceseiren (cesair = hail) + (-en = singulative suffix)

Welsh cesair < ceseir < British

From the same British root: Cornish keser = hail, Breton kazarc’h = hail (showing the influence of erc’h = snow).

From the same Celtic root: Irish casairneach = hail

NOTE: informal spelling: ceser; In South-east Wales it is cesar
<KE-sar> [ˡkɛsar]

:_______________________________.

ceseirio <ke-SEIR-yo> [kɛˡsəɪrjɔ] verb

South Wales

1 to hail

ETYMOLOGY: (cesair = hail) + (-io)

NOTE: The spoken form is ceseiro – in the South, the semiconsonant
<y> [j] at the beginning of a final syllable is generally lost

:_______________________________.

ceser <KE-ser> [ˡkɛsɛr]

1 Informal spelling of cesair = hail, hailstones. See ceseiren

:_______________________________.

cest <KEST> [kɛst]
PLURAL: cestiau <KEST-yai, -ye> [ˡkɛstjaɪ, -jɛ]

1 basket

2 belly, paunch
cestiog having a big belly
cestiwr (North Wales) someone who gulps down drink, guzzler; beer-swiller

3 (South-west) (anatomy) chest

4 (obsolete) hold of a ship

5
Bron-gest SN3245 bron y gest
1912 edition of The Place-names of Wales by Thomas Morgan (Skewen) (First edition 1887, revised and second edition 1912): Brongest. Bron, a slope, or side of a hill: literally, breast. Cest, a deep glen between two mountains. The name is quite descriptive of the situation of the place.

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=220962

NOTE: In the north, the vowel is long (
cêst), as in the majority of monosyllables ending in –st (Nêst, Llan-rŵst, côst, etc)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin
cista (= basket)
Cf Catalan cistell (= basket)
 

:_______________________________.

cestyll <KE-stilh> [ˡkɛstɪɬ] (plural noun)

1 castles (plural of castell)

:_______________________________.

cethr <KEE-ther> [ˡkeˑθɛr] (masculine noun)
PLURAL:
cethrau, cethri <KE-thri, -rai, -re> [ˡkɛθrɪ, -raɪ, -rɛ]

1 (obsolete) lance, spear

2 (obsolete) nail, spike

3 (obsolete) (sensation) prick
(obsolete) cethri cydwybod pricks of conscience , the pricks of a bad conscience, ganawings of conscience, a gnawing conscience

4 cathrain to goad oxen (South Wales, as cathren, cathran)

5 cethru (North Wales) scold, tell off, reprimand, reprove, give a dressing down to

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin centrum (= centre; point which is the centre of a circle; a sharp point) < Greek kentron (= sharp point; prick, sting) < kenteó (= to prick)

From British: Cornish kenter (= nail), Breton kentr (= spur)

:_______________________________.

cetyn, cetynnau / catiau <KE-tin, ke-TƏ-nai, -ne, KAT-yai, -yai, -e> [ˡkɛtɪn, kɛˡtənaɪ, -ɛ, ˡkatjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)

1 fragment

b
yw ar eich cetyn (South-west) live off your savings (“live on your little piece”)

2 short-stemmed pipe

2 SN5434 Farm in the parish of Llanfihangel Rhos-y-corn, Caerfyrddin county, south-east of Gwernogle. South-east of this farm, beyond the farm of Pantycoubal, is a well called Ffynon y Gog.

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/153283 Eglwys Llanfihangel Rhos-y-corn

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=210141 Ffynnon-y-gog

:_______________________________.


ceu-
1 penult form of cau (= hollow)

ceubont tubular bridge
ceubren
hollow tree
ceudod
cavity
ceunant
ravine
ceulan
eroded river bank
 

:_______________________________.

ceubal <KEI-bal> [ˡkəɪbal] (mf)
PLURAL:
ceubalau <kei-BAL-ai, -e> [kəɪˡbɑˑlaɪ, - ɛ]

1 (obsolete) ferry boat

2 belly, big belly
llenwi ei geubal to fill his belly

3 rhyw geubal o ddyn a greedy-guts, a glutton, a fat greedy person

4 apparently a hollow or deep hollow inat least one place name:

Pantycoubal SN5333 farm south-east of Gwernogle, Ceredigion
pant y ceubal (?deep hollow “hollow of the deep hollow”)
(ou is a southern variant of eu in a penultimate syllable)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=210141 map

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin caupulus (= little boat)

Cf English coble (= flat-bottomed sailing boat), Scots coble (= flat-bottomed rowing boat) < Middle English cobel, most likely ultimately from Latin caupulus < *calpulus

:_______________________________.

ceubalfa <kei-BAL-va > [kəɪˡbalva] (f)
PLURAL:
ceubalfeydd <kei-bal-VEIDH> [kəɪbalˡɪð]

1 (obsolete) ferrying-place, place where a ferry-boat is moored, boat place

2 Y Gabalfa (= y geubalfa)
District of Caer-dydd, by the river Taf

3 Cabalfa SO2346 in the parish of Cleirwy (English: Clyro), a farm by Rhyd-y-sbens (English: Rhydspence) in Powys (Cabalva Farm on the Ordnance Survey map), by Afon Gwy / the river Wye

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1355951 road by Cabalfa

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1355951 Cabalva House SO2446

The names Lower Cabalfa / Cabalva, Upper Cabalfa / Cabalva, Cabalfa / Cabalva Bridge also occur on English-language maps (= in Welsh, Cabalfa Isaf, Cabalfa Uchaf, Pont Cabalfa)

 

By the reign of Richard II the manor of La Royl and the neighbouring grange of Cybalfa in Elvael had between them a flock of over 1000 sheep belonging to the lord of Painscastle.

The Black Death In Wales. William Rees, M.A., D.Sc., (Econ.) F.R.Hist.S. (Sometime fellow Of The University Of Wales)  Read May 13, 1920. Transactions  of the  Royal Historical Society. Fourth Series. Volume III. 1920.

Pp. 115-125



7621_gabalfa_31-03-2010
(delwedd 7621)

ETYMOLOGY: “boat place” (ceubal = boat) + (-fa = place)

Possible sequence of reduction of the diphthong to the vowel [a]:

ceubalfa > cybalfa > cabalfa

[kəɪˡbalva, ˡbalva, kaˡbalva]


:_______________________________.

ceubont <KEI-bont> [ˡɪbɔnt] (f)
PLURAL:
ceubontydd <kei-BONT-idh> [kəɪˡbɔntɪð]

1 tubular bridge

ETYMOLOGY: (ceu- < cau = hollow) + soft mutation + (pont = bridge)

:_______________________________.

ceubren <KEI-bren> [ˡkəɪbrɛn] nm
PLURAL
ceubrennau, ceubrenni <kei-BRE-nai, -ne,-ni> [kəɪˡbrɛnaɪ, -nɛ, -nɪ]
1 hollow tree

ETYMOLOGY: (ceu- < cau = empty, hollow) + soft mutation + (pren = tree)

:_______________________________.

Ceubren yr Ellyll <KEI-bren ər E-lhilh> [ˡkəɪbrɛn ər ˡɛɬɪɬ]

1 'the hollow tree of the sprite’ = hollow oak at Nannau SH7420 where Owain Glyndwr is said to have hidden the body of his would-be assassin, his cousin Hywel Sele

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/596810 Plas Nannau

Ceubren yr Ell
yll... Yng nghwr isaf gardd Nannau, ger Meirion, safai gynt dderwen fawr a elwid ar yr enw (Brython 1858-9)

At the bottom of the garden at Nannau... there was formerly a large oak called by this name

ETYMOLOGY: (ceubren = hollow tree) + (yr definite article) + ( ell
yll = sprite, pixie)

:_______________________________.

ceudod <KEI-dod> [ˡkəɪdɔd] (masculine noun)

1 cavity

2 wal geudod cavity wall

:_______________________________.

ceudwll <KEI-dulh> [ˡkəɪdʊɬ] (masculine noun)
PLURAL ceudylliau <kei-DƏLH-ai, -e > [kəɪˡdəɬaɪ, -ɛ]

1 crater

ETYMOLOGY: (ceu- < cau = empty) + soft mutation + (twll = hole)

:_______________________________.

ceufol <KEI-vol> [ˡkəɪvɔl] (masculine noun)
PLURAL
ceufoliau <kei-VOL-yai, -e > [kəɪˡvɔljaɪ, -jɛ]

1 crater

ETYMOLOGY: (ceu- < cau = empty) + soft mutation + (bol = belly)

:_______________________________.

ceufron <KEI-vron> [ˡkəɪvrɔn] feminine noun
PLURAL
ceufronnau, ceufronnydd <kei-VRO-nai, -ne,-nidh> [kəɪˡvrɔnaɪ, -ɛ, -ɪð]

1 hollowed hillside
y geufron = the hollowed hillside

Place names:

(1) Y Geufron (SJ2142) locality in Sir Ddinb
ych, north of Llangollen

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2142

(2) Y Goufron farm north of the village of Llanfihangel Brynpabuan, county of Powys (on English maps as “Goyfron”)

ETYMOLOGY: (ceu- penult syllable form of cau- = empty) + soft mutation + (bron = hill )

NOTE: In the south “eu-“ in an accented syllable is (or was) generally pronounced as “ou-“, hence coufron, Y Goufron

:_______________________________.

ceugrwm <KEI-grum> [ˡkəɪgrʊm] adjective

1
concave = curving inward

2 ceugrwm concave (Cf amgrwm convex)

cromlin geugrwm concave line (Cf cromlin amgrwm convex line)

ETYMOLOGY: (ceu- penult syllable form of cau- = empty) + soft mutation + (crwm = curved)

NOTE: feminine form: ceugrom, plural ceugrymion

:_______________________________.

ceugwm <KEI-gum> [ˡkəɪgʊm] masculine noun
PLURAL
ceugymoedd <kei--moidh, -modh> [kəɪˡgəmɔɪð, -ɔð]

1 deep narrow ravine

ETYMOLOGY: (ceu- penult syllable form of cau- = empty, hollow) + soft mutation + (cwm = valley)

NOTE: South Wales: cougwm
<KOI-gum> [ˡkɔɪgʊm] . See ou

:_______________________________.

ceulan, ceulannau <KEI-lan, kei-LA-nai, -nai, -e> [ˡkəɪlan, kəɪˡlanaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)

1 bank (of stream, river, pool)
Gorweddwn ar fy hyd dros y geulan un tro yn chwilio am bincod I was once lying [on my front] over the river bank looking for minnows

glas y geulan kingfisher “blue (bird) (of) the (hollow) riverbank”

NOTE: In the English dialect of Llanidloes:
GILAN, a shelving bank of earth, generally applied to the banks of a river or brook. A corruption of the Welsh Ceulan, the hollow bank of a river. (Parochial Account of Llanidloes / Edward Hamer / Chapter X / Folk-lore. Page 289 Collections Historical and Archeological Relating to Montgomeryshire and its Borders / 1877)

2 coulan (also spelt as coilan) = southern form of ceulan

y geulan goch > Goulan-goch locality in the county of Caerfyrddin

Marwolaethau: "Awst 20fed, wedi byr gystudd, yn 73 mlwydd oed, Esther Thomas, Goilangoch, Llandilo
(Tyst a'r Dydd 15 6 1882)
Deaths: August 20, after a short illness, at the age of 73, Esther Thomas, of Geulan-goch / Goilan-goch, Llandeilo

3 edge, brink
ceulan ei fedd the edge of his grave
ar y geulan ymyl (Arfon) on the brink, on the edge,



ETYMOLOGY: (ceu-, penultimate-syllable form of cau = hollow) + soft mutation + (glan = riverbank)

:_______________________________.

Ceulan <KEI-lan> [ˡkəɪlan]
1 Afon Ceulan SN6990 river in Ceredigion
Cwm Ceulan
the Ceulan valley

:_______________________________.

Ceulan a Maesmor
1 SN6789 parish in Ceredigion

:_______________________________.

ceulfraen <KEIL-vrain, -vren> [ˡkəɪlvraɪn, -ɛn] masculine noun

(South-west Wales)

NOTE: Colloquially in the south colfran
<KOL-vran> [ˡkɔlvran]

1 curds

2 colfran cottage cheese

caws colfran cottage cheese

ETYMOLOGY: colfran < coulfraen (an earlier form of ceulfraen) (coul / ceul- = penult form of caul = curds) + soft mutation + ( braen = rotten, putrid)

:_______________________________.

ceunant <KEI-nant> [ˡkəɪnant] masculine noun
PLURAL
ceunentydd <kei-NAN-tidh> [kəɪˡnantɪð]

1 ravine, gorge = rocky ravine with stream

Crofft y Ceunant “(the) field (of) the ravine” Field name. 1725 in Llangatwg Lingoed, county of Mynwy

1707-1725 ABSTRACT of title of James Tudor Morgan to a messuage and lands called Croft y Kynant in the parish of Langattock Lingoed.

http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~llangattocklingoed/deedswills/hanbury.html#1518B Hanbury Family Papers

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ‘hollow valley’, (ceu-, penult form of cau = hollow) + (nant = valley) < British

From the same British root: Cornish kownans (= ravine), as in the place name Pennkownans (“top end of the ravine”), in English “Kynance”

NOTE: (South Wales) Here eu is / was pronounced ou. Thus counant
<KOI-nant> [ˡkɔɪnant]

:_______________________________.

Ceunant <KEI-nant> [ˡkəɪnant]

1 SH 5361 locality in the county of Gwynedd

2 Counant <KOI-nant> [ˡkɔɪnant] farm 6km south-south-west of Llanboidy SN2123 (county of Caerfyrddin).

........(1) This is a southern pronunciation of ceunant. More examples of this feature at ou

........(2) Sometimes on maps with a spelling showing interference from English spelling conventions - oy instead of ou. Thus “Coynant”

ETYMOLOGY: See preceding entry

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cewch <KEUKH> [kɛʊx] (verb)

1 you shall have < cael

2 Mwya gewch chi, mwya fynnwch chi

The more you get / have, the more you want, The more people have, the more they want

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cewri <KEU-ri> [ˡkɛʊrɪ]

1 giants; plural form of cawr = giant

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cewyll <KEU-ilh> [ˡkɛʊɪɬ]

1 baskets; plural form of cawell = basket

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Cf

1 Abbreviation on maps for Culfor strait, straits = narrow stretch of water joining two areas of sea

Cf Gibraltar = Culfor Gibraltar

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cfdds.

1 abbreviation (in a dictionary entry) = cyfaddasiad

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CH, ch EKH [ɛx] feminine noun

1
) fourth letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet

1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y

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ch

1
Certain words in Welsh with ch are borrowings from English borrowed at a time when gh was pronounced ‹GH› [ɣ] in English

..1/ Brychdwn = Broughton, place in the county of Bro Morgannwg

..2/ Cnicht = mountain name in the district of Meirionn
ydd (county of Gwynedd) (from English ‘knight’)

..3/ dracht = draught, swig, drink; and the verb formed from this drachtio = drink down

..4/ fflachdar (South Wales) cw
ympo’n fflachdar = fall head over heels < English dialectal “flaughter” (= fall head over heels)

..5/ Halchd
yn = village in the county of Wrecsam (from the English name "Halghton")

..6/ Niwbwrch = village in county of Yn
ys Môn (from new + burgh, = "new borough")

..7/ slachdar (= mess) < English slaughter

..8/ Sychd
yn Soughton, place in the county of Y Fflint

2 In some words in Welsh which are borrowings from English, the sound <kh> [x] has replaced English <sh> [ʃ]

..1/ fflàch = flash < < English “flash”

..2/ llàch = whipstroke < English "lash"

..3/ fflwch = abundant < English “flush”

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chaiff <KHAIF> [xaɪf] verb

1
from ni chaiff, won’t get, won’t receive, won’t be able

(ni negative particle + spirant mutation + caiff, present-future tense third person singular of the verb cael)

Chaiff neb mo’i dw
yllo fe He’s nobody’s fool, Nobody can get the better of him, He can’t be taken in ("nobody will achieve his cheating")

Chaiff mo’i big i mewn He won’t get a look in, He’ll be prevented from joining in (“he won’t get his beak in”)

Chaiff e fawr o gyfle He won’t get much of a chance

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chei di ddim <khei di DHIM> [xəɪ dɪ ˡðɪm] verb

1
(literary Welsh) ni chei = you won’t get, you won’t be allowed to; I won’t let you...

Segond person singular of the future tense of cael (= receive, get, obtain, be allowed to)

2 Chei di ddim cyffwrdd pen dy fys ynddo I won’t let you lay a finger on him (“you won’t get (the) touching (of the) tip (of) your finger in him”)

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chi <KHII> [xiː] (pronoun)

1 you

2 galw “chi” ar rywun (“to call ‘chi’ on somebody”, to call somebody ‘chi’) to address somebody with the formal ‘chi’ (= you”), rhather than the familiar ‘ti’ (= thou)

Mae hi’n digon oer i weiddi “chi” arni hi freezing cold (“cold enough to shout “chi” at it”)
(to address somebody as “chi” is to use the formal form of “you” - as used by children to adults, or subordinates to superiors. To call something “chi” is an expression used to mean that something is very large and imposing; to shout “chi” at the weather suggests that the temperature is extremely cold)

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chi mòd <khi MOD> [xɪ ˡmɔd] (phrase)

1 you know

A reduced form of yr
ych chi yn gwybod (=you know)

yr
ych chi yn gwybod
> yr
ych chi’n gwybod
> r
ych chi’n gwybod
> chi’n gw
ybod
> chi’n ’bòd
> chi’m ’bòd
> chi’m ’mòd
> chi mòd


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chithau <KHII-thai, -thai, -e> [ˡxiˑθaɪ, -ɛ] (pronoun)

1 you too (literary Welsh: chwithau)

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chithe <KHII-thai, -e> [ˡxiˑθɛ] pronoun

1 Colloquial form of chwithau (= you too)

-Blw
yddyn newydd dda ichi! -Run fath i chithe! (= Yr un fath i chwithau!)

-A Happy New Year to you. -The same to you.

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Chlidonias hybrida

1
corswennol farfog (f) corswenoliaid barfog whiskered tern

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Chlywais i mo’r fath beth <KHLƏ-wais, -es, i MOR vaath BEETH> [ˡxləwaɪs, -ɛs, ɪ mɔr vɑ ˑθ ˡbeːθ]

1
(expression of surprise) I’ve never heard such a thing! Well I never!

ETYMOLOGY: < ni chlywais i ddim o’r fath baeth (ni negative particle) + aspirate mutation + (clwais = I heard < clywed = to hear) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (math = type, sort) + soft mutation + (peth = thing)

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chw

1
This initial consonant cluster corresponds to <sk> [sk] or ‹sh› in Irish words of the same Celtic origin

..1/ chwedl (= tale), Irish scéal (= tale)

..2/ chwerw (= bitter), Irish searbh (= bitter)

..3/ chw
yd (= vomit), chwydu (= to vomit), Irish sceith (= to vomit)

..4/ chw
ydd (= swelling), Irish siad (= swelling)

..5/ chw
yl (= peal of bells), Irish seal (= turn, go; period, spell)

..6/ chwythu (= to blow), Irish séid (= to blow)

..7/ cychw
yn (= to begin), the final element “-chwyn” = Irish scinn (= to start)

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chwaer, chwiorydd <KHWAIR, khwi-OO-ridh> [ˡxwaɪr, xwɪˡoˑrɪð] (feminine noun)

1 sister

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chwaethach ‹KHWEI-thakh› (feminine noun)

1 never mind…, not to mention… (expression used to indicate that a possiblility does not exist, or even one that could be considered close to it)

Mynd yn gyfreithiwr? Does dim digon yn hen glopa di i neud ysgybwr heolydd chwaethach cyfreithiwr

Become a lawyer? Ther’s not enough in your noggin to make a road sweeper (out of you), never mind a lawyer

-Ma’ ’i enw ar fla’n ‘y nhafod… beth o’dd e nawr?

-Rw inne’n ffaelu gofio hefyd. Dyw e ddim ar fôn 'y nhafod i, chwaetach ar ei fla'n e.


-His name’s on the tip of my tongue. What was it nawr?

-I can’t remember it either. It’s not [even] on the base of my tongue, never mind the tip of my tongue

2 chwaethach fyth let alone, least of all

Fydde fe ddim yn dweud hynny am neb, chwaethach am hen gyfaill iddo

He wouldn’t say that about anybody, least of all about an old friend of his


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chwain ‹KHWAIN›

1 fleas; plural of chwannen (= flea)

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chwaith ‹KHWAITH› (adverb)

1 either

NOTE: In South Wales, in addition hefyd (= also) is used in the sense of “either”

ETYMOLOGY: chwaeth / chwaith (= taste) > “a bit” > (with negative particle ni) “not a bit” > (with negative particle ni) “not... either”, “neither”

Breton: c’hoaz (= again; even more)
Cornish hwath (= still, yet; again, once more)

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chwâl ‹KHWAAL› (adj)

1 scattered, dispersed, spread
ar chwâl
scattered, dispersed

2
(soil) broken up
pridd chwâl broken soil

3 (as a noun) scattering

ETYMOLOGY: chwâl < chwal-, stem of the verb chwalu (= (vt) to scatter; destroy; (vi) fall to pieces) used as a past participle

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chwalfa, chwalféydd ‹KHWAL va, khwal VEIDH› (feminine noun)

1 collapse

2 chwalfa anadferadwy (marriage) irretrievable breakdown , irremediable breakdown

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chwalu ‹KHWA li› (verb)

1 (vt) disperse, scatter, spread
chwalu cartref break up a home
chwalu’r niwl to disperse the fog
chwalu’r gwair to spread the hay (for drying)

Salmau 68:2 Chweli hwynt fel chwalu mwg: fel y tawdd cwyr wrth y tân, difether y rhai annuwiol o flaen DUW.

Psalms
68:2 As smoke is driven away, so drive them away: as wax melteth before the fire, so let the wicked perish at the presence of God.

chwalu ymaith blow away
Salmau 1:4 Nid felly y bydd yr annuwiol; ond fel mân us yr hwn a chwâl y gwynt ymaith.

Psalms
1:4 The ungodly are not so: but are like the chaff which the wind driveth away.

2 (vt) knock down, demolish
chwalu ty^ demolish a house, knock downa house

chwalu wal knock down a wall, flatten a wall, smash open a wall

chwalu yn wastad â’r llawr raze to the ground

3 (vt) destroy
chwalu dadl destroy an argument, tear an argument to pieces

4 (vt) dissolve

5 (vt) shatter

gwaith chwalu carthion sewage works, sewage farm (“work / works (of) destroying excrements”)

Chwalwyd ein gobeithion pan ddaeth y newydd fod y cyngor wedi gwrthod rhoi caniatàd i ni fynd rhagddi Our hopes were dashed when we heard that the local council had refused to give us permission to go ahead

6 (South Wales) (vt), (vi) babble, prattle
chwalu chwaldod, “walu waldod” (“to prattle nonsense”) talk nonsense
chwalu chwedlau, “walu weddla” (“to prattle stories”) to gossip
Paid â chwalu, “Paid walu” Don’t prattle on
Pa beth a wyt ti yn ei chwalu?Beth ti’n walu?” What are you prattling on about?

7 chwalu gwlân tease or card wool

8 (South Wales) chwalu meddyliau be depressed, have gloomy thoughts (“to scatter thoughts”)

9 chwilio a chwalu (North Wales) to rummage (“search and scatter”)
chwalu a chwilio (North Wales) to rummage (“scatter and search”)

10 (vi) break up (= be broken up), disperse (= be dispersed), scatter (= be scattered)
mae’r niwl yn chwalu the fog is dispersing
mae’r cymylau’n chwalu the clouds are dispersing

11 (vi) fall down, collapse
ysgubor wedi chwalu a dilapidated barn, a barn which has fallen down

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chwaldod khwal-dod masculine noun

1 (South Wales) “waldod” nonsense

chwalu chwaldod, “walu waldod” (“to prattle nonsense”) talk nonsense

ETYMOLOGY: (chwal-, stem of chwalu = destroy, scatter) + (-dod noun suffix)

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chwalwr khwâ -lur› masculine noun
PLURAL
chwalwyr khwal -wir›

1 (North Wales) chwalwr gwair, or simply chwalwr: haymaker, device which spreads hay for drying

2 chwalwr chwedlau gossip, blabbermouth, someone who tells tales

3 chwalwr llongau ship breaker

4 demolitionist

chwalwr tai housebreaker, person who demolishes old buildings

ETYMOLOGY: (chwal-, stem of chwalu = destroy, scatter) + (-wr noun suffix (agent suffix))

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chwannen khwa -nen› feminine noun
PLURAL
chwain khwain

1
flea

2 cyn pen chwinciad chwannen in the blink of an eye (“before the end of a wink of a flea”)

3 chweina = look for fleas

4 achub chwannen a cholli croen buwch (“catch a flea and lose a cow hide”) dedicate too much time and effort to an unimportant matter and lose what is important

5 chwannen ddŵr plural: chwain dŵr water flea, daphnia

6 chwannen y traeth sand hopper (“flea (of) the beach”)

7 chwain y gof sparks from red-hot iron being hammered (“fleas of the smith”)

8 lladd chwannen â gordd crack a nut with a sledgehammer (“kill a flea with a sledgehammer”) use absurdly disproportionate measures to deal with a small problem

9 chwain y gof (“fleas of the blacksmith”) sparks produced when red-hot iron is struck with a hammer

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh chwain < chwein < British *skond-

Cornish hwannenn, plural hwannennow (= flea),

Breton: c'hwennenn plural c'hwenn (= flea)

NOTE: (1) South-west Wales chw- > hw- (chwannen, chwain)

(2) South-east Wales chw- > hw- > w- (wannan, wain)

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chwant, chwantau ‹KHWANT, KHWAN te› (masculine noun)

1 desire

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chwap khwap masculine noun
PLURAL
chwapiau khwap -ye›

1 wallop, sudden blow

2 (adverb) yn chwap o chwap instantly; swiftly, soon (South-east Wales: wap)

Pan mae'r Fenni yn gwisgo'i chap

Bydd glaw yn dilyn chwap...


When Y Fenni wears her cap (= when there are clouds over Abergafenni town) rain will soon follow

Y mae gennym ninnau yn yr Wyddgrud ein tafodiaith - ond fe ddowch i'n deall chwap!

We in Yr Wyddgrug (town in north-east Wales) have our own dialect – but you’ll soon get to understand us

3 (South Wales) chwepyn / hwepyn / wepyn clout, smack; instant

(chwap = bang, slap, blow) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns)

(vowel change a > e under the influence of the y in the final syllable)

ETYMOLOGY: anglès whap (= blow, impact)

NOTE: South Wales: chwap > hwap, wap

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chwarae ‹KHWA re› (verb)

1 to play

2 chwarae plant child’s play, kids’ stuff, something very easy ((the) playing (of) children”)

3 chwarae mwgwd yr ieir play blind man’s buff (“play (the) blindfold (of) the hens”)

chwarae mwgwd y dall play blind man’s buff (“play (the) blindfold (of) the blnd man”)

4 chwarae dwbl neu ddim play double or quits, game in which by tossing a coin, etc, it is decided whether a stake is to be doubled or withdrawn

5
chwarae triphlyg (Baseball) triple play

6 Dos i chwarae efo dy fol! Get stuffed! (“go to play with your belly”)

7 lle chwarae playground, children’s playground

8 maes chwarae playing field, sports ground, sports field

Maeschwarae

Street name in Yr Ystôg, district of Maldw
yn, county of Powys (“Maes Chwarae”)

9 cael eich afal i chwarae ac i’w fwyta have your cake and eat it (“get your apple to play and to eat it”) Chewch chi mo’ch afal i chwarae ac i’w fwyta You can’t have your cake and eat it

10 hapchwarae gamble

(hap = chance) + (chwarae = to play)

y Ddeddf Hapchwarae The Gambling Act, The Gaming Act

11 cae chwarae playing field


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chwaraeon ‹khwa REI on› (plural noun)

1 sports; plural of chwarae

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chwarae teg ‹KHWA re TEEG› (masculine noun)

1
fair play

gwneud chwarae teg â do justice to = treat fairly
rhoi chwarae teg i be fair to somebody, be considerate of somebody’s needs or interests
Rhowch chwarae teg i’r merched, bois, a pheidiwch â chodi cymaint o dwrw. Maen nhw’n treio gwneud eu gwaith cartre.

Be fair to the girls, lads, and don’t make so much noise. They’re trying to do their homeowrk,

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chwaraewr , chwaraewyr ‹khwa-REI-ur, khwa-REI-wir› (masculine noun)

1 player

chwaraewr gw
yddbwyll ‹GUIDH-builh› chess player

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chwardd- khwardh verb

1 stem of the verb chwerthin = to laugh

chwarddais = I laughed

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chwarel <KHWAA-rel> [ˡxwɑˑrɛl] feminine noun
PLURAL
chwareli, chwarelau <khwa-REE-li,-lai, -e> [xwaˡreˑlɪ, -laɪ, -ɛ]

North Wales

1
quarry = place (usually an open pit) from which building stone is obtained

2 quarry = place (usually an open pit) from which slate (for roofing, etc) is obtained,

chwarel lechi plural chwareli llechi slate quarry

3 ardal chwareli quarrying area, district with many quarries

ETYMOLOGY: chwarel < cwarel < English quarrel < Old French quarriere from *quarre < Latin quadrâre (= to make
(something) square).

(1) Dissimulation in English: the sequence r-r became r-l (quarriere > quarrel)

(2) The sequence cw- became (in North Wales) chw-

(3) modern French has carrière (= quarry)

NOTE: In South Wales there are various forms with cw- (1) cwarel, (2) cwar, (3) cware

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chwarel <KHWAA-rel> [ˡxwɑˑrɛl] feminine noun
PLURAL
chwareli, chwarelau <khwa-REE-li,-lai, -e> [xwaˡreˑlɪ, -laɪ, -ɛ]

1 window pane

ETYMOLOGY: chwarel < cwarel < English quarrel (= glass pane in the shape of a square, or a rhombus / diamond) < Old French < Vulgar Latin *quadrellus, a diminutive form (addition of the infix –ell-) of Late Latin quadrus (= a square). Derived from Latin quattor (= four) < Indo-European kwetwer- (= four) (also the origin of Welsh pedwar = four).

Modern French has carreau (= tile, window pane, little square, paving stone)

A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady: to which is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837: The authors list “QUARREL” and define it as “A pane of glass”.


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chwart <KHWART> [xwart] masculine noun
PLURAL
chwartiau <KHWART-yai, -yai, -e> [ˡxwartjaɪ, -ɛ]

1 quarter of a gallon = 1,136 litres

gwin diflas gwerth hanner can ceiniog y chwart

insipid wine worth (the equivalent of) fifty pence a quart

2 chwysu cwartiau to sweat gallons (“to sweat quarts”)

ETYMOLOGY: English quart < Old French quarte < Latin quartus (= a quarter)

NOTE In South Wales the change cw- > chw- has not occurred, and so here it is cwart
<KWART> [kwart]

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chwarter <KHWAR-ter> [ˡxwartɛr] masculine noun
PLURAL: chwarteri
<khwar-TEE-ri> [xwarˡteˑrɪ]

1 quarter

NOTE: In the south (chw > cw) cwarter, cwarteri
<KWAR-ter, kwar-TEE-ri> [ˡkwartɛr,kwarˡteˑrɪ]

ETYMOLOGY: 1500- English "quarter" < French "quartier" < Latin "quartârius" = fourth part < "quartus" = fourth

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chwarthor <KHWAR-thor> [ˡxwarθɔr] masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL
chwarthorion, chwarthorau <khwar-THOR-yon, khwar-THO-rai, -rai, -e> [xwarˡθɔrjɔn, xwarˡθɔraɪ, -ɛ]

1 joint of meat (leg, saddle, etc)

2 Ceinewydd, county of Ceredigion hwarthol o oen = leg of lamb

3 county of Penfro hwarthol o gig maharen = leg of mutton

4 chwarthor tir obsolete fourth part of a stag to be given to the owner of the land on which it had been hunted (tir = land)

ETYMOLOGY: chwarthor < chwarthawr < Latin quartârius, pars quartâria = a fourth part

NOTE: Colloquially there is also a form with dissimulation – the sequence r-r becomes r-l

Chwarthor > chwarthol; and this is the basis of the colloquial variants

.....(1) hwarthol
<HWAR-thol> [ˡhwarθɔl] in the south-west initial chw- is simplified to hw-), and

.....(2) gwarthol
<GWAR-thol> [ˡgwarθɔl] (with gw- instead of chw-)

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chwe <KHWEAi, -e> [xweː] (nm) (+ noun)

1 six (before a consonant)

chwe munud
<KHWEE-MII-nid> [ˡxweː ˡmiˑnɪd] six minutes

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chwech <KHWEEKH> [xweːx] (n)

1 six (as an independent numeral, and as a determiner before a vowel)

(in the South, chwech / hwech / wech is also used before consonants)

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chweched <KHWEE-khed> [ˡxweˑxɛd] (adjective)

1 sixth

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chwedl, chwedlau ‹KHWEDL, KHWED le› (feminine noun)

South Wales: hweddel
‹HWEE dhel›

1
legend, tale

2 story, gossip

2 Prìn chwedl, llawn chwedl No news is good news (“scarce report, full report”)

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chwedlon khwed- lon › feminine noun
PLURAL
chwedlonau ‹khwed--ne›

1
(word not in general use) myth

ETYMOLOGY: stem of the word chwedloniaeth (= mythology).

Used to form derivatives - chwedlonol (= mythical), chwedlonwr (= mythologist), chwedloneg (= the study of myths), chwedloni (= mythologise)

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chwedloniaeth ‹khwed- lon -yeth› feminine noun
PLURAL
chweloniaethau ‹khwed-lon- yei -the›

1
mythology = traditional stories of one particular culture

2 mythology = set of beliefs and traditions and stories related to some object (plant, etc)

ETYMOLOGY: First example 1850. Modelled on the word barddoniaeth (= poetry). (chwedl = legend, myth, tale) + (-oni- element as in barddoniaeth) + (-aeth suffix for forming nouns)

Barddoniaeth was originally barddoni - the modern noun has incorporated the abstract-noun suffix -aeth.

The suffix -oni is from the British suffix *onîsâ, as in

..a/ daioni (= good, goodness),

..b/ drygioni (= bad, evil)

..c/ haelioni (= generosity).

The noun barddoni became a verb (= to compose poems; barddonaf = I compose poems, etc).

The derivative adjective is barddonol (= poetic)

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chwedlonol ‹khwed- loo -nol › adjective

1
mythical

ETYMOLOGY: (chwedlon = myth) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

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Chwefrol ‹KHWEV rol› (masculine noun)

1 regional form of Chwefror

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Chwefror khwev-ror› masculine noun

1
February
mis Chwefror February (“(the) month (of) February”)

ym mis Chwefror in February
ar ddechrau mis Chwefror at the beginning of February
ar ganol mis Chwefror
in the middle of February, in mid-February
ar ddiwedd mis Chwefror
at the end of February

bob mis Chwefror every February

ETYMOLOGY:

Corresponding form in the other British languages: Cornish Hwevrer (= February), Breton C’hwevrer (= February).

Welsh Chwefror < Chwefrawr < British *swebr’âr < Latin februârius.

The initial ‘s’ is difficult to explain unless it is a vestige of the word mensis in Latin mensis februârius (= February, the month of expiation). Ultimately from februa (= feast of expiation).

Similar examples with preclitic “s” from the final syllable of a preceding word, in modern Welsh and in English:

(1) Many exist in modern Welsh (for example, the place name Yn
ysmeudwy > Smitw, etc). More information at the entry “s”

(2) The phenomenon also occurs in English, as with the asseveration Struth! (God’s truth), and others of this type now obsolete (Sdeath! = God’s death, Sblood! = God’s blood); ’s afternoon in rapid or careless speech for this afternoon

(1) as in Ionor < Ionawr, and many other words in modern Welsh, a final diphthong aw has been reduced to a simple vowel o

(2) Interestingly, English February has been remodelled on the Latin form, replacing Middle English Feverer < Old French < Latin februârius

NOTE: (1) Colloquially there is also a form with dissimulation – the sequence r-r becomes r-l (Chwefror > Chwefrol). In this case it is not standard.

(a) It also occurs dialectically in chwarthol < chwarthor (= joint of meat),

(b) but it is standard in cornel (from English corner),

(c) and it also is to be seen in the place name
Hirael (from Hirerw)

 

Hírerw > Hírer > Hirel > Hirael

 

Hírerw (erw is a single syllable in older Welsh; the stress falls on the penultimate syllable i.e. in this name hir) > Hírer (loss of final w, well attested in place names where erw is a final lement in a compound) > Hirel (dissimulation r-r- > r-l) > Hirael (hypercorrection through supposing that final ‘e’ is the colloquial reduction of a final diphthong ‘ae’, a common phenomenon in colloquial Welsh, and that the name is hir + ael, “long hillcrest”).

(2) February is also called y mis bach (the little month, the short month)

..01 Chwefror (y cyntaf o Chwefror) : the first of February

Gŵyl Sanffráid / Gŵyl Sánffred (feast of Saint Brigit)

..02 Chwefror (yr ail o Chwefror) : the second of February

Gŵyl Fair y Canhw
yllau = Candlemas (presentation of Jesus in the Temple, purification of the Virgin Mary) (‘Gŵyl Fair of the candles’ - candles were blessed on this day) (Gŵyl Fair = feast of Mary)

Awr fawr Calan, dwy Ŵyl Eilian, tair Ŵyl Fair (traditional saying)

‘big hour (on) the calend (“awr fawr y Calan”), two on Eilian’s feastday, and three on Mary’s feastday’

that is, the day will have lengthened

(1) a full hour by New Year’s Day (Y Calan) on January the first, (half an hour in the morning and half an hour in the evening),

(2) two hours on Eilian’s feastday (Gŵyl Eilian) on January the thirteenth, and

(3) three hours by Lady Day (Gŵyl Fair) on February the second


..03 Chwefror (y tryd
ydd o Chwefror) : the third of February

..04 Chwefror (y pedwer
ydd o Chwefror) : the fourth of February

..05 Chwefror (y pumed o Chwefror) : the fifth of February

..06 Chwefror (y chweched o Chwefror) : the sixth of February

..07 Chwefror (y seithfed o Chwefror) : the seventh of February

..08 Chwefror (yr w
ythfed o Chwefror) : the eighth of February

..09 Chwefror (y nawfed o Chwefror) : the ninth of February

Gŵyl Deilo (feast of Teilo) (Welsh saint)

..10 Chwefror (y degfed o Chwefror) : the tenth of February

..11 Chwefror (yr unfed ar ddeg o Chwefror) : the eleventh of February

..12 Chwefror (y deuddeg o Chwefror) : the twelfth of February

..13 Chwefror (y tryd
ydd ar ddeg o Chwefror) : the thirteenth of February

..14 Chwefror (y pedwer
ydd ar ddeg o Chwefror) : the fourteenth of February

Gŵyl Fálentin (Valentine’s Day)

..15 Chwefror (y pymthegfed o Chwefror) : the fifteenth of February

..16 Chwefror (yr unfed ar bymtheg o Chwefror) : the sixteenth of February

..17 Chwefror (yr ail ar bymtheg o Chwefror) : the seventeenth of February

..18 Chwefror (y deunawfed o Chwefror) : the eighteenth of February

..19 Chwefror (y pedwer
ydd ar bymtheg o Chwefror) : the nineteenth of February

..20 Chwefror (yr ugeinfed o Chwefror) : the twentieth of February

..21 Chwefror (yr unfed ar hugain o Chwefror) : the twenty-first of February

..22 Chwefror (yr ail ar hugain o Chwefror) : the twenty-second of February

..23 Chwefror (y tryd
ydd ar hugain o Chwefror) : the twenty-third of February

..24 Chwefror (y pedwer
ydd ar hugain o Chwefror) : the twenty-fourth of February

Gŵyl Fathias (feast of Mathias)

..25 Chwefror (y pumed ar hugain o Chwefror) : the twenty-fifth of February

..26 Chwefror (y chweched ar hugain o Chwefror) : the twenty-sixth of February

..27 Chwefror (y seithfed ar hugain o Chwefror) : the twenty-seventh of February

..28 Chwefror (yr w
ythfed ar hugain o Chwefror) : the twenty-eighth of February

..29 Chwefror (y nawfed ar hugain o Chwefror) : the twenty-ninth of February

:_______________________________.

chwennych <KHWE-nikh> [ˡxwɛnɪx] verb

1 covet, envy

2 yearn for, desire greatly

y sawl s
ydd yn chwennych statws yn y gymdeithas

the person who yearns for status in society

Nid dyma’r fodolaeth yr oedd ef yn chwenn
ych i'r Gymraeg

This was not the kind of existence that he wanted for the Welsh language

Dyma’r geiriadur y chwenychodd llawer weled ei dd
ydd

This is the dictionary that many people wanted to see published (“(that it) sees its day”)

3 crave for (as a pregnant woman)

ETYMOLOGY: (chwant = desire) + (suffix -ych)

NOTE: Also: chwenychu
<khwe-NƏƏ-khi> [xwɛˡnəˑxɪ] with an additional verbal suffix -u

:_______________________________.

chwenychion <khwe-NƏKH-yon> [xwɛˡnəxjɔn]

1 things desired

ETYMOLOGY: (chwenn
ych = to desire, desiring) + (-ion suffix for forming plurals)

:_______________________________.

chwerthin <KHWER-thin> [ˡxwɛrθɪn] verb

1
to laugh

Bu bron iddo dorri allan i chwerthin He almost burst out laughing

2 mynd i sterics o chwerthin am rywbeth become hysterical from laughing about something

3 cilchwerthin snigger (cil = corner, recess) + (chwerthin = to laugh)

cilchwerthin ar r
ywun to snigger at someone

4 bod bron marw o chwerthin die of laughter (“be nearly dead from laughing”)

Bûm bron marw o chwerthin I nearly died laughing


:_______________________________.

chwepyn <KHWE-pin> [ˡxwɛpɪn] masculine noun

(South Wales)

1 clout, smack

2 instant

yn chwep
yn at once, instantly

ETYMOLOGY: (chwap = bang, slap, blow) + (-
yn diminutive suffix added to nouns) (vowel change a > e under the influence of the y in the final syllable

:_______________________________.

chwerw ei flas <KHWEE-ru ii VLAAS> [ˡxwe·rʊ ɪː ˡvlɑːs] (adjective)

1 having a bitter taste, bitter in taste, bitter-tasting

:_______________________________.

chwi KHWII pronoun

1 you (formal, singular); you (plural)

In modern spoken Welsh chwi > chi

:_______________________________.

chwiban 1 <KHWII-ban> [ˡxwiˑban] m

1 whistle = whistling sound

2 trill of a bird, trilling of a bird

3 hiss, hissing sound

ETYMOLOGY: from the verb chwiban / chwibanu

:_______________________________.

chwiban 2 <KHWII-ban> [ˡxwiˑban] v

1 to whistle

See chwibanu

:_______________________________.

chwibanog 1 khwi-BAA-nog› [xwɪˡbɑˑnɔg] adjective

1 whistling

ETYMOLOGY: (chwiban = whistle) + (-og adjectival suffix)

:_______________________________.

chwibanog 2 khwi-BAA-nog› [xwɪˡbɑˑnɔg] adjective

1 colloquial form of chwibanogl (= whistle; curlew)

NOTE: omission of the final l; the form withount an ‘l’ is in fact is the historical form of the word

:_______________________________.

chwibanogl khwi-BAA-nogl› [xwɪˡbɑˑnɔg]l
PLURAL:
chwibanoglau, chwybenigl ‹khwi-ba-NO-glai, -gle, khwi-BEE-nigl› [ xwɪbaˡnɔglaɪ, -glɛ, xwɪˡbeˑnɪgl]

1 whistle

2 flageolot, Irish whistle

3 curlew (Numenius arquata)

7093_Numenius_arquata_Reculver_chwibanwr_wiki_081123
 (delwedd 7093)

Cerrig Chwibanog stones on upland west of Llanuwchllyn

cerrig y chwibanog “(the) stones (of) the curlew”

ETYMOLOGY: (chwibanog adjective = whistling) + (-l)

This extraneous l is seen in other words in Welsh:

tymestl (= tempest, storm) < tymest

cwrwgl (= coracle) < cwrwg

NOTE: northern Ceredigion hwibanog

NOTE: In South Wales it is chwibanwr (“whistler”) / hwibanwr / wibanwr

:_______________________________.

chwibanu khwi-BAA-ni› [xwɪˡbɑˑnɪ] v

In South Wales it is chwiban / hwiban / wiban

1 to whistle

Cer i wipan! (south-east) (= Cer i wiban, Cer i chwiban) Go to the devil! Get lost! Take a running jump into a river! (“”go to whistle”)

Cer i hwiban ysgadan! (south-west, formerly) Go to the devil! etc (“go to whistle / cry herrings”)

2 (wind) to whistle

3 (bullet passing through the air) to whistle

4 (curlew) scream, screech

chwibanogl

5 to whistle = produce a mechanical whistling sound (train with steam whistle, etc)

6 (snake) hiss

7 (shepherd) To whistle = call by whistling, direct by whistling

y bugail yn chwibanu ar ei gi the shepherd whistling to his dog

8 said of doing something effortlessly

fel chwiban (“like whistling”)

dan chwiban
(“whistling”)

trwy chwiban
(“through whistling”)

9 hiss = show contempt through hissing

Jeremeia 19:8 A mi a wnaf y ddinas hon yn anghyfannedd, ac yn ffiaidd, pob un a elo heibio iddi a synna ac a chwibana, oherwydd ei holl ddialeddau hi.

Jeremiah 19:8 And I will make this city desolate, and an hissing; every one that passeth thereby shall be astonished and hiss because of all the plagues thereof.

10 penchwiban (qv) frivolous; hare-brained

ETYMOLOGY: (chwiban = whistle) + (-u verb suffix)

chwiban is an imitation of a whistling / trilling / hissing sound

NOTE: In South Wales it is chwiban / hwiban / wiban

chwiban
represents the standard written form of this south Wales variant

hwiban
is the south-western form (chw > hw)

wiban is the south-eastern form (chw > hw > w) In the south-east, the ‘h’ is missing from the repertoire of sounds of the dialect here

:_______________________________.

chwibanwr khwi-BAA-nur› [xwɪˡbɑˑnʊr]
PLURAL: chwibanwyr khwi-BAN-wir› [xwɪˡbɑˑnwɪr]

1 whistler, person who whistles

2 whistler, thing which whistles

3 (South Wales) curlew

ETYMOLOGY: (chwiban- root of the verb chwibanu or chwibanu = to whistle)

NOTE: In South Wales it is chwibanwr (“whistler”) / hwibanwr / wibanwr

chwibanwr represents the standard written form of this south Wales variant

hwibanwr
is the south-western form (chw > hw)

wibanwr is the south-eastern form (chw > hw > w) In the south-east, the ‘h’ is missing from the repertoire of sounds of the dialect here

:_______________________________.

chwilboeth <KHWIL-boith> [ˡxwɪlbɔɪθ] adjective

1 (drink, food) boiling hot, piping hot, burning hot

Roedd y te’n chwilboeth

The tea was boiling hot

ETYMOLOGY: (chwil = reeling, turning, wild; used as an intensifier before an adjective – extremely, very) + soft mutation + ( poeth = hot)

:_______________________________.

chwildaith khwil -daith› feminine noun
PLURAL
chwildeithiau ‹khwil-deith-ye›

1
reconnaissance trip, a trip to gather information about an enemy

Nodau o Chwildaith Filwraidd, o Gaer Lavenworth, yn Missouri, i San Diego, yn Califfornia

(Traethodydd 1851; translation of the book title “Note of a Military Reconnoisance, from Fort Lavenworth, in Missouri, to San Diego, in California”)

ETYMOLOGY: (chwil-, stem of chwilio = to search for) + soft mutation + (taith = trip, journey)

:_______________________________.

chwilen khwî -len› feminine noun
PLURAL
chwilennod, chwilod, chwilsod ‹khwi-le-nod, khwî-lod, khwil-sod›

1
beetle; chafer

2 whim, obsession, crazy idea

Mae chwilen yn ei ben

He has a bee in his bonnet ("he has a beetle / crazy idea in his head")

Mae chwilen yn ei gorun

He has a bee in his bonnet ("he has a beetle / crazy idea in his crown (i.e. crown of the head)")

ETYMOLOGY: (chwil = beetles) + (-en singulative suffix);

Welsh chwil < British < Celtic *swei (= to turn)

In the other two British languages: Cornish hwilenn (= beetle), Breton c’hwil (= beetle)

:_______________________________.

chwilen gorniog khwii-len gorn -yog› feminine noun
PLURAL
chwilod corniog khwii-lod korn -yog›

1 stagbeetle (USA: hornbug) (Lucanus cervus)

7094_Lucanus_cervus_chwilen_corniog_wiki_081123

(delwedd 7094)

ETYMOLOGY: (“horned beetle”) (chwilen = beetle) + soft mutation + (corniog = horned)

:_______________________________.

chwilfriw khwil -vriu› adjective

1
smashed to pieces, broken to bits, shattered

malu’n chwilfriw shatter, smash to pieces

malu’n chwilfriw mân shatter, smash into little pieces

Un gnoc fach ddamweiniol a dyna’r plât gwerth dros £7, 000 yn chwilfriw

One slight accidental knock and the the plate worth over £7, 000 was smashed to smithereens

2 bwrw (rhywbeth) yn chwilfriw mân

smash (something) to pieces

Fe fwriodd y watsh yn chwilfriw mân ar lawr cadarn y palmant

He (threw and) smashed the watch to bits on the hard surface of the pavement

3 (idea, theory) darnio’n chwilfriw shatter

ETYMOLOGY: (chwil = twirling, whirling) + soft mutation + (briw = shattered)

:_______________________________.

chwilfriwio ‹hwil-vriu-yo›

verb with an object


1
shatter, smash

2 dispel (an idea)

Rhaid chwilfriwio’r syniad mai hen iaith gapelig
yw’r Gymraeg

We have to dispel the idea that Welsh is some language fit only for chapels

3 verb without an object shatter, smash = be shattered, be smashed

ETYMOLOGY: (chwilfriw = shattered) + (-io, suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

Chwilgrug khwil -grig›

1 (ST4088) locality 2km north-west of Magwyr, in the county of Casnewydd

English name: Wilcrick

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST4088 map

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

chwilod khwî-lod› -

1
beetles; plural form of chwilen

:_______________________________.

chwilolau ‹khwiil-ô-le› masculine noun
PLURAL
chwiloleuadau ‹khwil-o-lei-â-de›

1
searchlight

Also golau chwilio

ETYMOLOGY: (chwil = stem of chwilio = to search) + soft mutation + ( golau = light)

:_______________________________.

chwilota ‹khwi-lo-ta› verb

1
obsolete search for beetles (said of a hen or another bird). For another instance of a word referring to hens or other birds see the entry cachiad = ‘shitting; the time it takes for a bird to shit; an instant’

2 search, rummage, ferret around

Yr oedd ef yn chwilota’n swnll
yd am y siswrn yn y ddrôr

He was rummaging noisily in the drawer for the scissors

ETYMOLOGY: chwilota < chwilod-ha (chwilod = beetles) + (-ha suffix for forming verbs with the sense of ‘to collect’, ‘to search for’)

Breton: c’hwileta = look for insects

:_______________________________.

chwilotydd ‹khwi-lo-tidh› masculine noun

1
(Computers) search engine

ETYMOLOGY: (chwilota = to search) + (-
ydd suffix to form nouns)

:_______________________________.

chwilio (am) ‹KHWIL yo› (verb)

1 look for

chwilio a chwalu (North Wales) to rummage (“search and scatter”)
chwalu a chwilio (North Wales) to rummage (“scatter and search”)

:_______________________________.

chwiorydd ‹khwi OO ridh› (plural noun)

1 sisters (plural of chwaer)

:_______________________________.

chwip ‹KHWIP› f
PLURAL
chwipiau ‹KHWIP-yai, -ye›
1 whip
rhoi clec ar y chwip to crack the whip (“give a crack on the whip”)

2 whipping, whiplash; the use of a whip
Roedd y ceffylau yn gwybod y ffordd yn dda ac nid oedd eisiau chwip na bloedd i'w gyrru
Llafar Gwlad 7 Chwefror-Mai 1983
The horses knew the road well and there was no need of a whip or shouting to drive them

3 (north-west) fel chwip in an instant
(Maldwyn, Mid-Wales) mewn chwip o dro in no time at all

4 chwip din arsewhip, a whipping on the buttocks
rhoi chwip din i rywun
give somebody a good whipping, a good caning; chastise severely

bod chwip rhywun ar gefn rhywun to be lambasted (“somebody’s whiplash being on somebody’s back”)
Bu ei chwip ar gefn y rhai ffolaf ohonynt lawer tro
He lambasted the more foolish of them many a time

5 whip = parliamentary whip

6 (Llyn) chwip o smashing, great, wonderful
Y mae Michael Jones yn chwip o chwaraewr y diwrnodau
Michael Jones is a great footballer

Chwip o raglen deledu y noson o'r blaen
An excellent programme on TV the night before

7 (of the wind) whip = sharp force

chwip y gwynt gaeafol the whip of the winter wind, the whipping winter wind (“the whip of the wintry wind”)

8 (South Wales) gyda chwip y dydd at the peep of dawn, at the crack of dawn

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < Middle English whip
., possibly from Dutch wippen (Modern Dutch wippen = to whip; to wooble; to stand moving from heel to toe to heel). If so, it is related to German der Wipfel (= tree top)

:_______________________________.

chwip khwip

1
Stem of the verb chwipio = to whip. Verb stems are used as past participles in Welsh.

hufen chwip whipped cream

:_______________________________.

chwitchwatrwydd ‹khwit-khwat-ruidh› masculine noun

1
inconstancy, changeability, indecision, chopping and changing, fickleness

ETYMOLOGY: (chwitchwat = fickle, changeable, unreliable) + (-rw
ydd suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

Chwitffordd kwwit-fordh›

1 (SJ1478) locality in the county of Y Fflint

English name: Whitford

2 a parish at this place

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1478 map, Chwitffordd

ETYMOLOGY: English Whitford (year 1291 written Chwytford in Welsh)

Llafar Gwlad, Haf 1985, Rhif 9

:_______________________________.

chwith ‹KHWIITH› (adjective)

1 left, left-hand (= situated on the left)

pedal chwith soft pedal piano (“left pedal”)

2 left-handed

3 wrong

y tu chwith i on the wrong side of

Mae hen ddihareb i’r perwyl fod pob ceiliog yn gawr ar ei esgynlawr ei hun, a buaswn innau yn medru eich annerch chwi yn hyfach yr ochr arall i afon Teifi, ar dir a daear Ceredigion, yng ngwlad fy ngenedigaeth. Ond rhaid gwneyd y goreu o sir Gaerfyrddin, gan fod yr Eisteddfod wedi ymbabellu yma ryw ychydig lathenni y tu chwith i’r terfyn. (Enwau Lleoedd / John Rhys / Cymru Cyfrol XI. RHIF 63. Hydref 15fed, 1896.)

There’s an old saying to the effect that every rooster is a giant on its own perch, and I would be able to address you in a bolder manner on the other side of the river Teifi, in Ceredigion (“on the ground and land of Ceredigion”), in the land of my birth.But I’ll have to make the best I can of the county of Caerfyrddin, since the Esiteddfos has pitched camp a few yards on the wrong side of the boundary

dyna'r unig beth all fynd yn chwith that’s the only thing that could / might go (“can go”) wrong

4 awkward, clumsy

Usually as lletchwith
‹LHET-khwith› [ˡɬɛtxwɪθ], South Wales lletwith ‹LHET-with› [ˡɬɛtwɪθ] .

Lletchwith < lléd-chwith (lled =
half, quite, somewhat) + (chwith = left-handed; awkward, clumsy)

5 sad, feeling a sense of loss for, at a loss

bod yn chwith gan (rywun) ar ôl (rhywun) to miss somebody, to feel sad after the death of somebody

Ni fydd yn chwith
gennyf gefnu ar y brifysgol I won’t be sad to leave the university, to take my leave of the university, to leave the university behind me

bod yn chwith gan (rywun) am to feel sorry about

Roedd yn chwith gennym glywed fod Mari yn ein gadael ac yr ydym yn hynod ddiolchgar iddi am

ei holl waith.

We were sad to hear that Mari is leaving us and we are very grateful to her for all her work

mae ama i ofn y teimlwn i yn chwith hebddyn nhw I’m afraid I’ll feel at a loss without them, I’ll feel their absence

6 unfortunate

bod yn chwith iawn ar to be in unfortunate circumstances

:_______________________________.

chwith ‹KHWIITH› (f)

1 (feminine noun) left, left side, left-hand side

ar yr chwith on the left, on the left-hand side

ar yr chwith (i r
ywbeth) on the left of something

2
the Left in politics

ar y Chwith on the Left


y Chwith galed the hard Left (those Left-wing politicians or militants who are very dogmatic about and inflexible in their beliefs)

3 feeling of being troubled

cael chwith (South-west) take something to heart

4 resentmernt, offence

cymeryd yn chwith be offended, take (something) amiss

:_______________________________.

chwiw, chwiwiau ‹KHWIU, KHWIU ye› (feminine noun)

1 (North Wales) whim, desire, fancy

fel y daw’r chwiw as the fancy takes me / her / him, etc
(“as the whim comes”)

:_______________________________.

chwydfa khwəd -va› feminine noun

1
vomit = matter from the stomach expelled through the mouth and nose

Megys y dychwel y ci at ei chwydfa like the dog that returns to its own vomit, in the same way that a dog returns to its vomit (said of someone who is attracted back to what is unpleasant or harmful, such as an addiction or bad company)

Pedr-2 2:22 Eithr digwyddodd iddynt yn ôl y wir ddihareb, Y ci a ymchwelodd at ei chwydfa ei hun; a’r hwch wedi ei golchi, i’w hymdreiglfa yn y dom

Peter-2 2:22 But it is happened unto them according to the true proverb, The dog is turned to his own vomit again; and the sow that was washed to her wallowing in the mire

2 large amount Ma hwda (= chwydfa) o arian ganddo He’s got loads of money

3 mess, jumble

Yr oedd chwydfa o gabanau wrth ffens y gwers
yll milwrol There was a jumble of huts by the fence of the military camp

NOTE:

 
(1) In the south hwdfa < hwydfa < chwydfa; in southern Welsh , initial “chw-“ becomes hw-; and tonic wy- ‹wə› in some words > vowel w ‹u›

(2) In the language of the south-east initial ‹h› is generally absent, hence hwdfa > wdfa

(3) In the south, there is also hwda hu-da› with the loss of the ‹v›

ETYMOLOGY: (chwyd- stem of chwydu = to vomit) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)

:_______________________________.

chwydu ‹KHUƏ di› (verb)

1 to vomit, to spew, to puke up

:_______________________________.

Chwylog KHUI-log› f

1 The probable Welsh name for the river Wheelock in Cheshire. A town on the river is called Wheelock.

7484_chwylog_wheelock_090408

(delwedd 7484)

ETYMOLOGY: chwylog (= winding), (chwyl = twist, turn) + (-og adjectival suffix)

Although this is the most likely explanation of the name Wheelock, the adjective does not exist in modern Welsh, and there seem to be no other streams or rivers with such a name.

:_______________________________.

chwyn khwin

1 weeds

See chwynn
yn (= weed)

:_______________________________.

chwynnyn khwə -nin› masculine noun
PLURAL
chwyn khwin

1 weed

D
yw'r rhododendron yn ddim gwell na chwynnyn

A rhododendron is nothing more than a weed (“the rhododendron is not anything better than a weed”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh chw
yn < British *skwinn-

The original sense was “furze”

From the same Indoeuropean root: English whin (= furze)

chwynn
yn is (chwynn- ‹ə›, penult form of chwyn ‹i› = weeds) + (-yn suffix added to nouns to make a singular form out of a collective noun or plural noun)

:_______________________________.

chwyrn gau ‹KHWƏRN GAI› (verb)

1 to creak shut

clywais y drws yn chwyr gau I heard the door creaking shut

:_______________________________.

chwyrnu ‹KHWƏR ni› (verb)

1 snort

2
snore

chwyrnu fel mochyn snore like a pig

:_______________________________.

chwys ‹KHWIIS› (masculine noun)

1 sweat

2
sychu’r chwys wipe away the sweat

3 yn chwys domen dripping in sweat

mynd yn chwys domen break out into a sweat

bod yn chwys domen be sweating pints

bod yn wlychfa o chw
ys be soaked in sweat, be drowning in sweat (“be a saturation of sweat”)

4 llain chwys sweatband

:_______________________________.

chwysigen, chwysigennod ‹khwə SI gen, khwə si GE nod› (feminine noun)

1 bubble

codi’n chwysigennod come out in blisters (“to rise in blisters”)

:_______________________________.

chwyslyd ‹KHWƏ slid› (adjective)

1 sweaty

:_______________________________.

chwythbib khwəth -bib› feminine noun
PLURAL
chwythbibau ‹khwəth- -be›

1 blowpipe = tube through which a dart is shot by blowing

2 blowpipe = pipe which directs air into a flame

ETYMOLOGY: (chwyth-
‹ə›, stem of chwythu = to blow) + soft mutation + (pib = pipe)

:_______________________________.

 chwythbren hwəth -bren› masculine noun
PLURAL
chwythbrenni ‹ hwəth-bre-ne ›

1 woodwind instrument

ETYMOLOGY: chwyth- stem of chwythu = to blow) + soft mutation + ( pren = wood)

:_______________________________.

chwythu ‹KHWƏ thi› (v)

1 to blow

2 gweld pa ffordd y mae’r gwynt yn chwythu see how things are / see how things stand, see how the land lies

:_______________________________.

chwythydd eira, chwythyddion eira ‹KHWƏ thidh EI ra, khwə THƏDH yon EI ra› (masculine noun)

1 snow-blower

:_______________________________.

chymer khə-mer› verb

1
chymer < ni chymer (he / she / it) doesn’t take, won’t take

Chymer hi ddim “na” yn ateb She won’t take “no” for an answer

Chymer hi ei thw
yllo gan neb No-one can pull the wool over HER eyes, She won’t be tricked by anyone (“she won’t take her cheating with anybody”)

:_______________________________.

chymerwn i ddim ‹khə -mê-run i dhim verb

1 I wouldn’t take

Chymerwn i mohono am bris yn y b
yd
I wouldn’t take it even if you paid me to, I wouldn’t take it even if you gave it to me
(“I would take anything of it for a price in the world”)

ETYMOLOGY: ni chymerwn i (ni negative particle, dropped in col·loquial Welsh) + aspirate mutation + (cymerwn I would take, < cymr
yd = to take) + (i = I, me)
 
     

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