kimkat1024e A Welsh to
English Dictionary in scroll-down format. Geiriadur Cymraeg a Saesneg ar
fformat sgrolio-i-lawr.
01-05-2023
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:_______________________________.
T, t <TII> [tiː] feminine
noun
1)
twentieth letter of the twenty-six letter Roman alphabet
..1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 d 5 e, 6 f, 7 g, 8 h, 9 i, 10 j, 11 k, 12 l, 13 m, 14 n, 15 o, 16 p, 17 q, 18 r, 19 s, 20 t, 21 u, 22 v, 23 w, 24 x, 25 y, 26 z
2) twenty-fifth letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
..1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y
:_______________________________.
t < d
1 Initial t instead of an original initial d in words
taken from English is the result of assuming the d to be the soft mutation of
d, and that t is the base form
twmplen < dwmplen < English dumpling
tracht < dracht
(English draught = an act of drinking)
tropyn < dropyn (English drop (a drop of water, etc)
tamp < damp (English damp = humid)
traen < draen (English drain = channel, pipe or conduit)
tocio < docio (English dock = cut short a tail) tocio cynffon = dock a tail
2 Other instances with indigenous words for
other easons: dyma > tyma (= here is)
trychiolaeth < drychiolaeth (= apparition) (Awst 20 1995. Tarian y
Gweithiwr. Trychiolaeth Ddwyblyg = double apparition; title to a report of the
appearance of two ghosts).
3 In North Wales, final “d” of clipped “nid”
(negative particle) is “t”
tydi = dydi (= it isn’t) (< nid ydy, nidydyw)
toedd = doedd (it wasn’t) (< nid oedd)
roedd ganddo...., toedd? (there was with him... wasn’t there?) (<
onid oedd?)
nid awn > nit awn > ’tawn I wouldn’t go
T'awn i ddim o'r hen le 'ma am ffortiwn
t102 Melin-y-ddôl William a Myfanwy Eames 1948 (tafodiaith Sir Ddinbych)
I wouln’t leave this dear place (“this old place”) for all the tea in China
(“for a fortune”)
:_______________________________.
t > d
1 Initial t becomes d
trin > drin (South Wales) to treat
:_______________________________.
t
1 In compound words, t may be the result of final –d + soft mutation + t-
(-d + t-) > (d-d) > (tt) > (t)
..1/ atal: ad- (= prefix) + soft mutation + dal (= retain, hold)
> ad-dal
> attal / atal (=
stop, prevent)
..2/ Botwnnog: bod (= church) + soft mutation + Tywynnog (= saint’s name)
> Bod-dywynnog > Bot-tywynnog / Botywynnog > Bot’wynnog > Bot’w’nnog / Botwnnog
(village name)
..3/ Caletwr:
caled (= hard; having a strong flow)
+ soft mutation + dŵr (= water;
stream)
> caléd-dwr
> Calettwr / Caletwr (stream
name, also as C’letwr > Cletwr)
...4/ cytir: cyd (= together, con-) + soft mutation + tir (= land)
> cyd-dir
> cyttir / cytir “joint land, land held jointly”
..4/ llety:
lled (= half) + soft mutation + ty (= house)
> lled-dy
> lletty / llety (=
inn, shelter)
..5/ lowtre: gwaelawd (= bottom) + soft mutation + (tref = house)
> gwaelawd-dref
> gwaelawttref / gwaelawtref
> gwaelawtre
> ’lawtre / lawtre
> lowtre (county of Ceredigion) (=
tumbledown house)
..6/ troetrwm: troed (= foot) + soft mutation + trwm (= heavy)
> troed-drwm
> troettrwm / troetrwm (=
heavy-footed)
____________________________________________________
2
In compound words and derivative words, t
may be equivalent,
t
may be the result of final –d + soft mutation + d-
(-d
+ d-) > (d-dd) > (tt) > (t)
It is the result of the combination of a final “d” and an initial “dd” which is
a soft mutation of “d”
(d + dd = t)
..1/ diotyn: diod (= drink) + dyn (=
man)
> diod-ddyn
> diottyn / diotyn
(= drunkard)
..2/ tafotrwg: tafod (= tongue) + drwg
(= bad)
> tafod-ddrwg
> tafottrwg / tafotrwg
(= foulmouthed)
..3/ ynfytyn: ynfyd (= mad) + dyn (=
man)
> ynfyd-ddyn
> ynfyttyn / ynfytyn
(= madman)
4/ lowtre: gwaelawd (= bottom) + (tref
= house) > gwaelawd-dref >
gwaelawtref > gwaelawtre > 'lawtre > lowtre (county of Ceredigion)
(= tumbledown house)
5/
atal: ad- (= prefix) + dal (=
retain, hold) > ad-dal > atal (= stop, prevent)
6/ llety: lled (= half) + tÿ (= house) >
lled-dÿ > lletÿ (inn, shelter)
7/ troetrwm: troed (= foot) + trwm (= heavy)
> troed-drwm > troetrwm (= heavy-footed)
____________________________________________________
3
In compound words and derivative words, t
may be equivalent to d-h
d + h = t
..a/ especially with the verbal suffix –ha
cardod (= alms) + -ha > cardód-ha > cardota
(= beg for alms, beg for charity)
gwaddod (= moles) + -ha > gwaddód-ha > gwaddota
(= catch moles)
mérched (= women) + -ha > merchéd-ha > mercheta
(= go with women, womanise)
pereríndod (= pilgrimage) + -ha > pererindód-ha > pererindota
(= go on pilgirimages)
pýsgod (= fish) + -ha > pysgód-ha > pysgota
(= to fish)
týwod (= sand) + -ha > tywód-ha > tywota (=
gather sand)
..b/ other examples
tafotrydd loose-tongued
Rhyd Halog (place name – ‘dirty
ford’) > Rhy Talog (spelt Rhytalog - for example, name of a place
in the county of Y Fflint SJ2354)
twrach ‹TUU-rakh› (adverb)
1 (North Wales) perhaps, maybe
A reduced form of twyrach ‹TUU-rakh›
See hwyrach
NOTE: Originally hwyrach was nid hwyrach (“not later”)
A Welsh Grammar
(Historical and Comparative). John Morris(-)Jones, 1913. Page 437: It is curious that nid
hwyrach is generally reduced to hwyrach in the recent period, though
it survives as tw(y)rach in Gwyn. dial. (= Gwynedd dialect)
..1 nid hwyrach > *nitwyrach (d-h > t)
..2 *nitwyrach > twyrach (loss
of the pretonic syllable)
..3 twyrach > twrach (reduction
of the pretonic diphthing wy >
simple vowel w, a feature of other
words in Welsh, especially gwybod (=
to know) > gwbod)
:_______________________________.
t
1 loss of t after n:
1/ -ant > -an (third-person present-future ending)
gwelant hwy > gwelan nhw they see
2/
Gwrin <GUU-rin> [ˡguˑrɪn] (m)
1 man’s name
2 SH7803 locality and
parish in the county of Powys, near Machynlleth
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Gwrin < Gwryn < Gwrynt < “Gwr-ghynt”
< British; equivalent to modern Welsh (gŵr
= man) + soft mutation + (gynt =
people) (from Latin gens, gent- = family;
race)
:_______________________________.
t
1 Note that in some words from Welsh used in English, in English a ‹t› has replaced Welsh ‹d›.
This may be from a strongly aspirated initial ‹d› sounding more like a ‹t› to English speakers
Examples are:
..a/ Dafydd (= David) > English “Taffy”
..b/ Dinbych y Pysgod (name of a town) > English “Tenby”
..c/ Dindyrn (name of an abbey) > English “Tintern”
:_______________________________.
t
1 monosyllables with final t (the majority are loans from English)
Native forms:
bôt that you may be
wyt you are
From English:
bat bat (for ball)
cit kit
cot coat (south)
côt coat (north)
cot cot
crwt boy
dêt date (arranged meeting /
encounter)
dot dot
ffit fit = attack; fit = suitable
fflat flat, apartment
fôt vote
gât / giât gate
grot groat coin (south) (short
vowel)
grôt groat coin (north) (long vowel)
hat hat (South)
het hat
lot lot, great amount
mat mat
plât plate
pot pot
set set
sêt seat
2 polysyllables
twmffat funnel (conical object with a hole in the apex of the
cone for pouring liquids, powders, etc into receptacles with a narrow opening
e.g. bottles) (also twmffad)
:_______________________________.
t
1 T as an excrescent consonant (“affixed t“) after final -ll in a handful of
words
Bagillt (name of a village in Sir y
Fflint / Flintshire) In 1086,
in the Domesday Book, the place was called “Backelie”, an English name meaning
“Bacga's lea or clearing”.
deall (= to understand) > dallt (North Wales)
gwersyll (= camp) + (non-etymological -t) > gwersyllt
bwyell (= axe) > Northern bwyallt, gwyallt (wÿallt – Sir Drefaldwyn)
enghraifft (= example) < anghraifft < anghraiff
Seisyll > Seisyllt (name anglicised as Cecil)
anystywallt < anystywall < anystywell [an- negative prefix) + (ystywell apparently = steady,
manageable)
2 Excrescent consonant after final -s in a couple
of words
gores (unfenced wasteland) > gorest
Annes (= Agnes) > Annest, Nest; also
Nesta (-a denoting a female name sometimes added to an existing
female name; more often to make a female name from a male name – Ifan >
Ifana, Morgan > Morgana)
2 Excrescent consonant after other consonants
gofain > gofaint (= smith, plural of gof)
griff > (= griffin)
> grifft (formerly a by-form
of this word)
:_______________________________.
T. abbreviation
tunnell fetrig / metric ton
:_______________________________.
T shaped like a letter ‘T’
crys-T [kriis TII] T-shirt
sgwaryn T [SGWAA-rin TII] T-square
colfach T [KOL-vakh TII] T-hinge
ar siâp T [ar shaap TII] in the shape of a T, t-shaped
ar ffurf T [ar firv TII] in the shape of a T, t-shaped
cyffordd T [KUH-fordh TII] T-junction
:_______________________________.
't
:_______________________________.
'ta
:_______________________________.
ta <TA> [ta]
(North-west Wales)
See ynteu
1 then
Rwan ta Now then
2 or
Hwn ta’r llall? This one or he other?
ALSO: ’ta (with an apostrophe to indicate
the missing first syllable)
In North-west Wales final -eu /-au is
pronounced -a
Thus ynteu > ynta
A common phenomenon in spoken
Welsh is the loss of an initial pretonic syllable
Thus ynta > ’ta / ta
:_______________________________.
ta
:_______________________________.
ta / ‘ta
:_______________________________.
ta
:_______________________________.
Ta
:_______________________________.
-ta
:_______________________________.
taar
:_______________________________.
tàb
:_______________________________.
ta be
:_______________________________.
tábernacl
:_______________________________.
Tábernacl
:_______________________________.
ta beth
:_______________________________.
ta beth am ragor
:_______________________________.
tàb gwarchod
:_______________________________.
tabl, tablau ‹TABLl, TA-blau, -ble› [tabl, ˡtablaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 table (list of columns)
:_______________________________.
tabl
achau
family
tree
:_______________________________.
ta ble
:_______________________________.
tabled
:_______________________________.
tabled coffa
:_______________________________.
tabled cysgu
:_______________________________.
tabled lliniaru poen
:_______________________________.
tablen
:_______________________________.
tablenna
:_______________________________.
tabl llanw
:_______________________________.
tablo
:_______________________________.
tablog
:_______________________________.
tabloid
:_______________________________.
tablu
:_______________________________.
Tabor <TAA-bor> [ˡtɑˑbɔr]
1 a mountain in Palestine,
near Nazareth 588m; according to tradition, the place of the Transfiguration
2 name of certain Nonconformist chapels
3 in street names where there is or was a chapel of this name
..1/ Coed-poeth (county of Wrecsam).
(The name on maps is “Tabor Hill”. The Welsh name would be Bryntabor / Bryn Tabor)
..2/ Maes-teg (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr).
(The name on maps is “Tabor Place”. The Welsh name would be Lletabor / Lle Tabor; Maestabor / Maes
Tabor)
..3/ Maesycwmwr, Hengoed (county of Caerffili).
(The name on maps is “Tabor Road”. The Welsh name would be Heol Tabor)
..4/ Fynnon-taf (county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf)
(The name on maps is “Tabor Street”. The Welsh name would be Heol Tabor)
4 Tabor There is a
locality of this name by Dolgellau (county of Gwynedd); here there are
according to English maps houses called (in English) Tabor Cottages. The
English name is certain to be a translation of the original Welsh name; one
would expect the Welsh name to be Tai
Tabor.
:_______________________________.
tabw
:_______________________________.
tabwrdd <TAA-burdh> [ˡtɑˑbʊrð] masculine noun
PLURAL tabyrddau <ta-BƏR-dhai,
-e> [taˡbərðaɪ, -ɛ]
1 drum
ffon dabwrdd, ffyn tabwrdd drumstick
ETYMOLOGY: tabwrdd < tabwr < French tabour (either a direct borrowing from French. or indirectly via
Middle English)
The final dd is probably due to the
influence of the word bwrdd (=
board, table).
Modern French has tabouret (=
footstool). with the additon of a diminutive suffix -et.
In medieval music, a tabor / tabour
was a small drum beaten with one hand, while the other played a three-holed
pipe.
French tabour is possibly from
Persian tabîr
A related word is English tambourine
< Flemish tambourijn < tambourine (= little drum) < tambour < tabour.
:_______________________________.
tabwrdd y plygain
:_______________________________.
tabyrddu
:_______________________________.
tac01
:_______________________________.
tac02
:_______________________________.
tac03
:_______________________________.
Tachwedd (mis Tachwedd) <TAKH-wedh, miis-TAKH-wedh> [ˡtaxwɛð,
miːs ˡtaxwɛð] (masculine noun)
1 November
mis
Tachwedd November (“(the) month (of) November”)
ym mis Tachwedd in November
ar ddechrau mis Tachwedd at the beginning of November
ar ganol mis Tachwedd in the middle
of November, in mid-November
ar ddiwedd mis Tachwedd at the end
of November
bob mis Tachwedd every November
DATES:
1 Tachwedd (y cyntaf o Dachwedd)
the first of November
Calan Gaeaf (“(the) calend (of)
winter”)
Colloquially Clangaea o Glangaea
Also Gwyl yr Eneidiau ("(the) holy day (of) the souls")
2 Tachwedd (yr ail o Dachwedd)
the second of November
Gwyl yr Eneidiau (“(the) feastday
(of) the souls”) = All Souls’ Day
3 Tachwedd (y trydydd o Dachwedd)
the third of November
4 Tachwedd (y pedwerydd o Dachwedd)
the fourth of November
5 Tachwedd (y pumed o Dachwedd)
the fifth of November
6 Tachwedd (y chweched o Dachwedd)
the sixth of November
7 Tachwedd (y seithfed o Dachwedd)
the seventh of November
8 Tachwedd (yr wythfed o Dachwedd)
the eighth of November
9 Tachwedd (y nawfed o Dachwedd)
the ninth of November
10 Tachwedd (y degfed o Dachwedd)
the tenth of November
11 Tachwedd (yr unfed ar ddeg o Dachwedd)
the eleventh of November
Gwyl Sant Martin (“(the) feastday
(of) Saint Martin”) or
Gwyl Fartin (“(the) feastday (of)
Saint Martin”) Martinmas
12 Tachwedd (y deuddegfed o Dachwedd)
the twelfth of November
13 Tachwedd (y trydydd ar ddeg o Dachwedd)
the thirteenth of November
14 Tachwedd (y pedwerydd ar ddeg o Dachwedd)
the fourteenth of November
15 Tachwedd (y pymthegfed o Dachwedd)
the fifteenth of November
16 Tachwedd (yr unfed ar bymtheg o Dachwedd)
the sixteenth of November
17 Tachwedd (yr ail ar bymtheg o Dachwedd)
the seventeenth of November
18 Tachwedd (y deunawfed o Dachwedd)
the eighteenth of November
19 Tachwedd (y pedwerydd ar bymtheg o Dachwedd)
the nineteenth of November
20 Tachwedd (yr ugeinfed o Dachwedd)
the twentieth of November
21 Tachwedd (yr unfed ar hugain o Dachwedd)
the twenty-first of November
22 Tachwedd (yr ail ar hugain o Dachwedd)
the twenty-second of November
23 Tachwedd (y trydydd ar hugain o Dachwedd)
the twenty-third of November
24 Tachwedd (y pedwerydd ar hugain o Dachwedd)
the twenty-fourth of November
25 Tachwedd (y pumed ar hugain o Dachwedd)
the twenty-fifth of November
26 Tachwedd (y chweched ar hugain o Dachwedd)
the twenty-sixth of November
27 Tachwedd (y seithfed ar hugain o Dachwedd)
the twenty-seventh of November
28 Tachwedd (yr wythfed ar hugain o Dachwedd)
the twenty-eighth of November
29 Tachwedd (y nawfed ar hugain o Dachwedd)
the twenty-ninth of November
30 Tachwedd (y degfed ar hugain o Dachwedd)
the thirtieth of November
Gwyl Andreas (“the) feastday (of)
Andrew”) or
Gwyl Sant Andreas (“the) feastday
(of) Saint Andrew”)
Saint Andrew’s Day
ETYMOLOGY:
an obsolete word meaning “slaughter” – Tachwedd is “(the) (time) (of)
slaughtering” - that is, the slaughtering time for cattle before the winter to
ensure a supply of meat and to reduce the stock of cattle so that the available
feed would last until the spring)
:_______________________________.
taci
:_______________________________.
tacio
:_______________________________.
tacl
:_______________________________.
taclau
:_______________________________.
taclau caru
:_______________________________.
taclo <TAK-lo> [ˡtaklɔ] (verb)
1 same as taclu (= to arrange)
cafflo bola i daclo pen to rob Peter
to pay Paul (“deceive a belly to decorate a head”, deceive the belly to adorn
the head, to skimp on essentials like food to buy fripperies like hats)
:_______________________________.
taclu
:_______________________________.
taclu'r ffenestr
:_______________________________.
taclus
:_______________________________.
tacluso
1 tidy, tidy
up
:_______________________________.
taclusrwydd
1 tidiness
:_______________________________.
tacs
:_______________________________.
tacsen
:_______________________________.
tacsi, tacsis <TAK-si, TAK-siz> [ˡtaksɪ, ˡtaksɪz] (masculine noun)
1 taxi
:_______________________________.
tácsimedr
:_______________________________.
tact
:_______________________________.
tacteg, tactegau <TAK-teg, tak-TEE-gai, -e> [ˡtaktɛg,
takˡteˑgaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 tactic
tacteg arafu delaying tactic
tacteg arafol delaying tactic
:_______________________________.
tactegol
:_______________________________.
ta'-cu
:_______________________________.
tad, tadau <TAAD, TAA-dai, -e> [ˡtɑːd, ˡtɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 father
2 y Tad Sanctaidd the Pope, the Holy Father
Mathew 28:19
yn enw'r Tad, a'r Mab, a'r Ysbryd Glân
in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost
:_______________________________.
tada
:_______________________________.
Tadau'r Eglwys
:_______________________________.
tad bedydd ‹taad BEE-didh› (masculine noun)
tadau bedydd
1 godfather
tad a mam bedydd godfather and godmother, godparents (no soft
mutation “*mam fedydd”, as “bedydd” does not refer solely to the mother)
:_______________________________.
tad-cu <tad-KII> [tadˡkiː] (masculine noun)
1 grandfather
:_______________________________.
tad distaw a wna fab difraw
:_______________________________.
tadenw
:_______________________________.
Tad fo'n gwarchod
:_______________________________.
tad maeth
:_______________________________.
(y) Tad Nefol
:_______________________________.
tadofalaeth
:_______________________________.
tadofalaethol
:_______________________________.
tadogaeth
:_______________________________.
tadogi
:_______________________________.
tadogiad
:_______________________________.
tadol
:_______________________________.
tad sanctaidd
:_______________________________.
tad-yng-nghyfraith, tadau... <TAAD
əng-HƏ-vraith, -vreth, TAA-dai, -de...> [ˡtɑːd
əŋ ˡhəvraɪθ, -ɛθ, ˡta·daɪ, -ɛ...] (masculine noun)
1 father-in-law
:_______________________________.
tae
:_______________________________.
taen
:_______________________________.
taenedig
:_______________________________.
taenelliad
:_______________________________.
taenellu
:_______________________________.
taenellwr dŵr, taenellwyr dŵr <tai-NE-lhur
DUUR, tai-NELH-wir DUUR> [taɪˡnɛɬʊr ˡduːr, taɪˡnɛɬwɪr
ˡduːr] (masculine noun)
1 sprinkler (automatic fire extinguisher activated by sensing a
higher than normal temperature)
:_______________________________.
taenlen
:_______________________________.
taenu <TEI-ni> [ˡtəɪnɪ] (verb)
1 spread = disseminate
taenu clecs am rywun spread tales about somebody
Ni fu erioed yn euog o daenu chwedlau rhwng cymydogion fel y mae
arfer rhai
He was never guilty of spreading tales amongst neighbours as was th practice of
some people
2 taenu si bod... spread a rumor that
:_______________________________.
taenu gwely drain
:_______________________________.
taenwr
:_______________________________.
taenwr si
:_______________________________.
taeoctref
:_______________________________.
taeog
:_______________________________.
taeogaeth
:_______________________________.
taeogaidd
:_______________________________.
taeogrwydd
:_______________________________.
taer <TAIR> [taɪr] (adj)
1 earnest
2 ar gais taer (rhywun)
at the urgent request of (somebody)
:_______________________________.
taer ei gais
:_______________________________.
taer erfyn
:_______________________________.
taerineb
:_______________________________.
taerni
:_______________________________.
taeru <TEI-ri> [ˡtəɪrɪ] (verb)
1 swear = declare to be true
Fe daerech mai Sais yw e You’d swear
he was English (e.g. of a Welshman who has disguised or eliminated all signs of
Welshness)
taeru'r du yn wyn swear blind, swear
to God (“swear the black as white”)
Buon nhw’n taeru'r du yn wyn na welson
nhw mohono erióed They swore to God they’s never seen him before
Rwy'n taeru fod pob gair o'm stori yn
wir I swear that every word of my story is true
2 wrangle, argue
taeru ynghylch rhywbeth â rhywun be in dispute about something with someone
:_______________________________.
taerwr
:_______________________________.
taerymgeisio
:_______________________________.
’tae waeth am hynny
:_______________________________.
Taf <TAAV> [tɑːv] (feminine noun)
1 river in South-east Wales; see Caer-dydd, Llan-daf, Ffynnon-taf,
Glyn-taf, Ystum-taf; anglicised as ‘Taff’
Heol Maes Taf street name in Pentre-bach, Merthyrtudful
(“Maestaf Street”) “field (by the river) Taf” (maes = field, open land) + (Taf
= river name)
2
river in South-west Wales; see Hendy-gwyn ar Daf
:_______________________________.
tafal
:_______________________________.
tafarn, tafarnau <TAA-varn,
ta-VAR-nai, -e> [ˡtɑˑvarn, taˡvarnaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine or
feminine noun)
1 pub, tavern
y tafarn / y dafarn = the tavern
:_______________________________.
(y) Tafarnau-bach
:_______________________________.
tafarn datws <TAA-varn DA-tus> [ˡtɑˑvarn ˡdatʊs] (feminine noun)
1 fish and chip shop (“tavern of potatoes”, “potato tavern”)
:_______________________________.
tafarndy
:_______________________________.
tafarn goetj
:_______________________________.
Tafarngelyn
:_______________________________.
tafarn goffi
:_______________________________.
tafarn laeth
:_______________________________.
tafarn min-ffordd
:_______________________________.
tafarn rydd
:_______________________________.
tafarnwr
:_______________________________.
tafarnwraig
:_______________________________.
Tafarn-y-bwlch
:_______________________________.
Tafarn-y-gath
:_______________________________.
Tafarnycelyn
:_______________________________.
ta fatar am hynny
:_______________________________.
ta-fe
:_______________________________.
Taf-Elái
:_______________________________.
tafell, tafellau / tafelli <TAA-velh,
ta-VE-lhai, -e, -i>
[ˡtɑˑvɛɬ, taˡvɛɬaɪ,
-ɛ, -ɪ] (feminine noun)
1 slice
y dafell = the slice
:_______________________________.
tafell hufen
:_______________________________.
tafellu
:_______________________________.
Tàff
:_______________________________.
(y) Tàff
:_______________________________.
Taf Fawr
:_______________________________.
Taf Fechan
:_______________________________.
taffi, taffis <TAA-fi, TAA-fiz> [ˡtɑˑfɪ, ˡtɑˑfɪz] (masculine noun)
1 toffee
2 taffi almon <TAA-fi AL-mon> [tɑˑfɪ
ˡalmɔn] almond toffee
:_______________________________.
Taffi, Taffis <TAA-fi,
TAA-fiz> [ˡtɑˑfɪ, ˡtɑˑfɪz] (masculine noun)
1 ‘Taff, Taffy’; nickname given by the
English to a Welsh person.
Popular etymology connects it with the river Taf ‹TAAV› ˡ[tɑːv] in South-east
Wales, since it is anglicised as ‘Taff’.
In fact, it is from the common forename ‘Dafydd’ ‹DAA-vidh› <DAA-vidh> [ˡdɑˑvɪð] or a short form of
this ‘Dafi’ <DAA-vi> [ˡdɑˑvɪ]. The strongly aspirated initial ‘D’ was heard as a
‘T’, and the ‘V’ heard as an ‘F’.
For the use in English of common forenames in a nationality for referring to a
person of the nationality, compare ‘Paddy’
for an Irishman (from Irish Páidí,
< Pádraig = Patrick), also ‘Mick’ (= Irishman) < Mícháil = Michael; ‘Taig’ used by Protestant Irish as an
offensive name for a Catholic Irishman < Tadhgh, translated into English as Timothy, though there is in fact
no connection apart from the fact that both have initial T!; and ‘Jock’ for a Scotsman (from the name ‘Jack’, a fond name for ‘John’, in the Lowlandic language)
:_______________________________.
Taffia
:_______________________________.
taffi almon
:_______________________________.
tafl
:_______________________________.
tafledigion
:_______________________________.
taflegryn
:_______________________________.
tafleisiaeth
:_______________________________.
tafleisydd
:_______________________________.
tafleisio
:_______________________________.
taflen, taflenni <TAV-len,
tav-LE-ni> [ˡtavlɛn, tavˡlɛnɪ] (feminine noun)
1 leaflet
:_______________________________.
Taflen
:_______________________________.
taflen amser
:_______________________________.
tafliad, tafliadau <TAVL-yad,-tavl-YAA-dai, -e> [ˡtavljad,
tavlˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (m)
1 throw
:_______________________________.
tafliad carreg <TAV-lyad
KA-reg> [ˡtavljad
ˡkarɛg] m
1
stone's throw
2
a short distance = the distance covered by a thrown stone
o fewn tafliad carreg within a
stone’s throw o fewn tafliad carreg i
(qv) a stone’s throw from
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) throw (of a) stone” (tafliad
= throw) + (carreg = stone)
:_______________________________.
taflod,
taflodydd <TAV-lod, tav-LOO-didh> [ˡtavlɔd, tavˡloˑdɪð] (feminine noun)
1 hayloft
y daflod = the hayloft
2 taflod y genau roof of
the mouth, palate
:_______________________________.
taflod hollt
:_______________________________.
taflodol
:_______________________________.
taflod y genau
:_______________________________.
taflu <TAV-li> [ˡtavlɪ] (verb)
1 throw
2 taflu arian da i ganlyn
arian drwg throw good money after bad (“throw good money to follow bad
money”)
3 taflu i dristwch cast
into a gloom
4 taflu amheuon ar cast
doubts on something, throw something into doubt
5 taflu at throw at
taflu pob cyhuddiad at throw the
book at (“throw every accusation at”)
6 taflu (rhywbeth) ar y domen
throw something onto the scrap heap (“on the heap”)
taflu (rhywbeth) dros ben y domen
throw something onto the scrap heap (“over the top of the heap”)
7
taflu eich hun i ganol yr adwy rush
to help (“throw youself into the middle of the breech”)
:_______________________________.
taflu allan
:_______________________________.
taflu anfri ar
:_______________________________.
taflu ar led
:_______________________________.
taflu at
:_______________________________.
taflu babi allan efo'r dŵr budr
:_______________________________.
taflu carreg
:_______________________________.
taflu cip
:_______________________________.
taflu cipolwg
:_______________________________.
taflu cwmwl dros
:_______________________________.
taflu cwymp (cwmp)
:_______________________________.
taflu cysgod dros...
:_______________________________.
taflu dafnau
:_______________________________.
taflu din dros ben
:_______________________________.
taflu disiau
:_______________________________.
taflu diystyrwch ar
:_______________________________.
taflu dŵr oer ar
:_______________________________.
taflu ei gylchau = ei chylchau
:_______________________________.
taflu ei llestr
:_______________________________.
taflu ffarwel
:_______________________________.
taflu fyny
:_______________________________.
taflu gemau o flaen moch
:_______________________________.
taflu golau
:_______________________________.
taflu golwg
:_______________________________.
taflu gwraidd
:_______________________________.
taflu hints
:_______________________________.
taflu (rhywbeth) i
ban
:_______________________________.
taflu i fyny
:_______________________________.
taflu i'r twll mawr du
:_______________________________.
taflu llwch i lygaid (rhywun)
:_______________________________.
taflu llwch ar
:_______________________________.
taflu llygad dros
:_______________________________.
taflu maen â throsol
:_______________________________.
tafluniad
:_______________________________.
taflunio
:_______________________________.
taflu oddi am
:_______________________________.
taflu oddi ar ei echel = ei hechel
:_______________________________.
taflu pêl i do
:_______________________________.
taflu perlau o flaen moch
:_______________________________.
taflu'r droed ola' mlaena'
:_______________________________.
taflu'r garreg
:_______________________________.
taflu sbrat i ddala macrell
:_______________________________.
taflu sen
:_______________________________.
taflu strap
:_______________________________.
taflu + yn ôl
:_______________________________.
taflu ymaith
:_______________________________.
taflu yn ei ddannedd
:_______________________________.
taflwr
:_______________________________.
tafod, tafodau <TAA-vod, ta-VOO-dai,
-e> [ˡtɑˑvɔd, taˡvoˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 tongue
2 trwyn tafod sandspit
3 Y Tafod (“the tongue”). Name of
the occasional magazine of Cymdeithas yr
Iaith Gymraeg / The Welsh Language Society. Formerly a monthly called Tafod y Ddraig (“the dragon’s tongue”)
(delwedd 0298)
:_______________________________.
tafod a rhigol
:_______________________________.
tafod a rhych
:_______________________________.
tafod drwg
:_______________________________.
tafod brwnt
:_______________________________.
tafodgwlwm
:_______________________________.
tafodi
:_______________________________.
tafodiaith, tafodieithoedd <ta-VOD-yaith,
-yeth, ta-vod-YEITH-oidh, -odh> [taˡvɔdjaɪθ, -jɛθ, tavɔdˡjəɪθɔɪð,
-ɔð] (feminine noun)
1 dialect (“tongue + language”)
y dafodiaith = the dialect
:_______________________________.
tafodieithol
:_______________________________.
tafodieithydd
1 dialectologist
:_______________________________.
tafodig
:_______________________________.
tafodleferydd
:_______________________________.
tafodog
:_______________________________.
tafod teg
:_______________________________.
tafod teg a â trwy'r byd
:_______________________________.
tafod y ddraig <TAA-vod ə DHRAIG> [ˡtɑˑvɔd
ə ˡðraɪg]
1 the Welsh language
2 symbol of Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymráeg
3 Tafod y Ddraig = former
name of the monthly magazine of Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymráeg. Now called Y Tafod
ETYMOLOGY: (the) tongue (of) the dragon, dragon’s tongue’ (tafod = tongue) + soft mutation + (draig = dragon)
:_______________________________.
tafod y fuwch <TAA-vod
ə VIUKH> [ˡtɑˑvɔd ə ˡvɪʊx] masculine noun
1 Borago officinalis, borage
ETYMOLOGY: (the) tongue (of) the cow, cow’s tongue’ (tafod = tongue) + (y
definite article) + soft mutation + (buwch
= cow)
:_______________________________.
tafod yr hydd <TAA-vod
ər HIIDH> [ˡtɑˑvɔd ər ˡhiːð] masculine noun
1 Phyllitis scolopendrium hart’s tongue
ETYMOLOGY: (the) tongue (of) the hart, hart’s tongue’ (tafod = tongue) + (yr definite
article) + (hydd = hart)
:_______________________________.
tafod yr wydd <TAA-vod
ər UIDH> [ˡtɑˑvɔd ər ˡʊɪð] masculine noun
1 Achillea ptarmica; sneezewort
ETYMOLOGY: (the) tongue (of) the goose, goose’s tongue’ (tafod = tongue) + (y definite
article) + soft mutation + (hydd =
goose)
:_______________________________.
tafod yr ych <TAA-vod
ər IIKH> [ˡtɑˑvɔd ər ˡiːx] masculine noun
1 Borago officinalis, borage
ETYMOLOGY: (the) tongue (of) the ox, ox’s tongue’ (tafod = tongue) + (buwch
= ox)
:_______________________________.
tafol <TAA-vol> [ˡtɑˑvɔl] feminine noun
PLURAL tafolau <ta-VOO-lai, -lai,
-e> [taˡvoˑlaɪ, -ɛ]
South Wales
1 balance, scales
ETYMOLOGY: British < Latin tabula
The cognate word in Breton is taol (= table)
:_______________________________.
tafolen <ta-VOO-len> [taˡvoˑlɛn] feminine
noun
PLURAL tafol <TAA-vol> [ˡtɑˑvɔl]
1 Rumex conglomeratus dock plant
ETYMOLOGY: British *taual (if not
from Latin tabula)
(tafol = dock plants, dock leaves) +
(-en singulative suffix)
From the same British root: Cornish tavolenn
(= dock plant), Breton teolenn (=
dock plant)
:_______________________________.
tafoli <ta-VOO-li> [taˡvoˑlɪ] verb
South Wales
1 weigh
2 weigh up, assess, judge
ETYMOLOGY: (tafol = scales) + (-i = suffix)
:_______________________________.
tafolog <ta-VOO-log> [taˡvoˑlɔg] adjective
1 abounding in dock plants
2 (feminine noun) place where dock plants grow
Found in place names and field names
3 Gellidafolog = y gelli dafolog ‘dock-leaf grove’. Name
of a farm by Penderyn (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(y = definite article) + soft
mutation + (celli = wood, grove) +
soft mutation + (tafolog = adjective
= full of dock plants)
ETYMOLOGY: (tafol = dock leaves) + (-og suffix)
:_______________________________.
Tafolwern <ta-VOL-wern> [taˡvɔlwɛrn]
1 SH 8902 locality in the county of Powys
ETYMOLOGY: at first sight “marsh with dockplants”
(tafol = dock plants) + soft
mutation + (gwern = marsh, wet
ground), but in fact from earlier Dywalwern
(dywal = ??) + soft mutation + (gwern). Maybe this is the same word as in Waun Ddyfal in Caer-dydd / Cardiff
(the change of medial (v) > (w) is
common in Welsh, hence dyfal > dywal).
:_______________________________.
Tafolwg <tav-OO-lug> [tavˡoˑlʊg]
1 street in Ffosygerddinen
(county of Caerffili) (though in fact misspelt as if two words “Taf Olwg”)
ETYMOLOGY: (= Taf view, place with a view of the river Taf) (Taf = river name) + soft mutation + (golwg = view) .
:_______________________________.
tafotrwg <ta-VOT-rwg> [taˡvɔtrwg] adjective
1 foul-mouthed
ETYMOLOGY: (tafod = tongue) + (drwg = bad) > tafod-ddrwg > tafotrwg
(d-dd > t)
:_______________________________.
tafotrydd
:_______________________________.
Tafwy
:_______________________________.
Tafwyl ‹TAAV-uil› [ˡtɑˑvʊɪl] (f)
1 Welsh language festival in Caer-dydd / Cardiff
Bydd Gŵyl Gymraeg newydd sbon yn digwydd yng Nghaerdydd rhwng 16 – 24
Mehefin 2007.
A
brand-new Welsh-language festival will take place in Caer-dydd between 16-24
June 2007.
Bydd ‘Tafwyl’, gŵyl wythnos o hyd, yn cynnig croestoriad o
weithgareddau yn y Gymraeg, o chwaraeon a cherddoriaeth i lenyddiaeth a chomedi
‘Tafwyl’, a week-long festival, will offer a cross-section of activities in
Welsh. from games to music to literature and comedy.
Menter Iaith Caerdydd, mewn partneriaeth â gwahanol gyrff a chwmnïau, gan
gynnwys yr Urdd, Prifysgol Caerdydd, Cyngor Sir Caerdydd, Mudiad Ysgolion
Meithrin, Radio Cymru, Sain Ffagan sy’n cydlynu’r digwyddiad.
Menter Iaith Caerdydd (“Caerdiff Langaue Venture”), in partnership with
different bodies and companies, including Yr Urdd (Welsh League of Youth),
Prifysgol Caerdydd (University of Caer-dydd), Cyngor Sir Caerdydd (Caer-dydd
County Council), Mudiad Ysgolion Meithrin (Welsh-language nursery schools movement),
Radio Cymru (Welsh-language radio), Sain Ffagan (Musuem of Welsh Life in Sain
Ffagan) are coordinationgthe event.
16-06-2007 Gerfan Menter Caerdydd http://www.mentercaerdydd.org/cymraeg/newyddion.php
(delwedd 7084)
ETYMOLOGY:
“Taf festival”, “festival of the river Taf, of the city on the river Taf – i.e.
Caer-dydd / Cardiff”
(Taf river name, the main river in Caer-dydd, and the river name in the
name Caer-dydd, from an earlier Caer-dyf – Roman fort by the river Taf) + soft
mutation + (gŵyl = festival)
:_______________________________.
Tafwys <TAA-vuis> [ˡtɑˑvʊɪs] (feminine noun)
1 Thames, river in South-east England (Oxford, London).
A name of proto-Welsh origin (i.e. non-Celtic).
Compare the two rivers ‘Taf’ <TAAV> [tɑːv] in South-east Wales and South-west Wales, and
rivers in England with the name ‘Tame’; also the Welsh river names Teifi,
Teifiad
:_______________________________.
tàg
:_______________________________.
tagell <TAA-gelh> [ˡtɑˑgɛɬ] (f)
PLURAL tagellau, tegyll <ta-GE-lhe,-TE-gilh> [taˡgeˑɬaɪ,
-ɛ, ˡteˑgɪɬ]
1 (fish) gill
2
(mushroom) gill - spore-producing structure
3
(animal) dewlap
4
(person) double chin
tagell ei ên his double chin
5
(bird) crop, wattle; = part of oesophagus which forms a pouch for storing or
partially digesting
6 (slang) person’s throat, windpipe
cydio yn nhagell rhywun nes ei fod yn
farw throttle someone to death (“get hold of somebody’s windpipe until he
dies”)
gwlychu'r dagell wet one's whistle =
have a drink (lit: wet one's throat)
7
(Caerfyrddin) snare
ETYMOLOGY: (tag-) + (-ell diminutive suffix);
tag- from the verb tagu (= to choke, to throttle, to
strangle)
Breton: tagell (= trap; collar);
Cornish: *tag - this is possibly the
tag- which occurs in the place name Tintagel
NOTE: (Maldwyn) tagiell (palatalised ‘g’)
:_______________________________.
tagellog
:_______________________________.
tagfa
1 choking
2
blockage, jam
:_______________________________.
taglyd
:_______________________________.
taglys <TAG-lis> [ˡtaglɪs] masculine
noun
1 a vine of the genera Convolvulus and Calystegia which twines
taglys blewog Calystegia pulchra =
Hairy Bindweed
taglys estron Calystegia silvatica =
Large Bindweed
taglys mawr Calystegia sepium =
Hedge Bindweed
taglys arfor Calystegia soldanella =
Sea Bindweed
2 (South Wales) convolvulus arvensis bindweed.
Standard name: Cwlwm y Cythraul
(“devil’s knot”)
ETYMOLOGY: (tag- stem of tagu = to strangle) + soft mutation + (llys = plant)
:_______________________________.
tagnwy
:_______________________________.
tagu
1 (v) throttle
:_______________________________.
tagu'r ffynnon yw blingo'r praidd
:_______________________________.
tagydd
:_______________________________.
ta-hi
:_______________________________.
Tahiteg
:_______________________________.
Tahiti
:_______________________________.
tai <TAI> [taɪ] (plural noun)
1 houses; See: tŷ =
house
:_______________________________.
Y Tai-ar-y-bryn <TAI ar ə BRIN> [ˡtaɪ ar ə ˡbrɪn]
1 street name in Llanfair ym
Muallt (Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: y tai ar y bryn (“the
houses on the hill”)
(y = definite article, the) + (tai = houses, plural of tŷ = house) + (ar = on) + (y = definite article, the) + (bryn
= hill)
:_______________________________.
Y Tai-bach <ə tai
BAAKH> [ə taɪ ˡbɑːx]
1 y Tai-bach SS7788 locality in the county of Castell-nedd ac
Aberafan
Known in surrounding districts as Tai-bach
Aberafan (colloquially Tai-bach
’Brafan) “(the place called) Tai-bach (which is in) Aberafan”
y Tai-bach (“the cottages, the
little houses”) was the name given to four small thatched cottages which at one
time stood at the end of Heol y Dŵr (on English maps as “Water Street”) on
the north-west side of the River Afan, in Aberafan
Dyffryn y Tai-bach the Tai-bach
valley
2 y Tai-bach locality in
Pentre-bach (county of Merthyrtudful)
ETYMOLOGY: the little houses (y =
the) + (tai = houses, plural of tŷ = house) + (bach = small, little)
:_______________________________.
ta-i byth o'r fan 'ma
:_______________________________.
tai cefngefn
:_______________________________.
tai cysgodol
:_______________________________.
tai haf
:_______________________________.
taid, teidiau <TAID, TEID-yai, -yai,
-e> [taɪd, ˡtəɪdjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 (North Wales) grandfather
Often
used in English when talking of one’s grandfather
“My Taid Evan Williams was brother to Abel Williams who ran
the Old Bakery”
2
Diminutive form: teida <TEI-da› [ˡtəɪda] granddad
:_______________________________.
Y Taiduon <tai DII-on> [taɪ ˡdiˑɔn]
1 place name
Name of a Calvist Methodist chapel in Clynnog Fawr “Capel Tai Duon” (M.C. /
Methodistiaid Calfinaidd)
ETYMOLOGY: y tai duon “(the) black houses”
(y definite article) + (tai = houses, plural of tŷ = house) + (duon = black, plural of du = black)
:_______________________________.
tail <TAIL> [taɪl] (masculine noun)
1 dung
2 (Bible) tail dom dyn human excrement
Eseciel 4:12 Ac fel teisen haidd y bwytei ef; ti a’i cresi hi hefyd
wrth dail tom dyn, yn eu gŵydd hwynt.
Ezekiel 4:12 And thou shalt eat it as barley cakes, and thou shalt bake it with
dung that cometh out of man, in their sight.
:_______________________________.
tailwr
:_______________________________.
tai maas
:_______________________________.
(y) Tainewydd
1 frequent place name
ETYMOLOGY: y tai newydd “(the)
new houses”
(y definite article) + (tai = houses, plural of tŷ = house) + (newydd = new).
Spelt as a single word as this is the recommended form for habitation names.
:_______________________________.
tair <TAIR> [taɪr] (masculine noun)
1 three (feminine form)
2 tair blwydd oed <tair
bluidh OID> [taɪr blʊɪð ˡɔɪd] (phrase) three
years old
3 tair ceiniog <tair
KEIN-yog> [taɪr ˡkəɪnjɔg] (phrase) three
pence (or the now more or less obsolete form thruppence, referring to a coin in
circulation until 1971)
4
There is no mutation of the feminine forms of numerals tair and pedair
after the definite article y
Thus y tair (not *y dair), y pedair (not *y bedair)
Elen Benfelen a'r Tair Arth Goldilocks and the Three Bears
Place-name examples:
Y Tair Carreg the three stones, on the hill between the towns of
Merthyrtudful and Rhymni
Llan-y-tair-mair ‹ lhan-ə-tair-MAIR › SS4688 locality in the county
of Abertawe / Swansea. English name: Knelston [NEL-stən] (= church of the
three Marys)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS4688
map
ETYMOLOGY: (the) church (of) the three Marys (llan = church) + (y
definite article) + (tair = three,
feminine form of tri = three) + (Mair = Mary)
The three Marys are
(1) Mary, the mother of Christ,
(2) Mary Magdalen and
(3) Mary of Cleophas
They are depicted in illustrations in the Middle Ages standing at the foot of
the cross as witnesses of the Crucifixion of Christ.
(delwedd 7460)
:_______________________________.
tair
1 In place names this may be either
...a/ ‘tair’ = three, or
..b/ ‘tai + yr’ (‘houses’ + the definite article), though this is perhaps more
properly written with an apostrophe, tai’r,
rather than tair, and a hyphen
(1) Thus Taironenn (ST0374) a farm
in Llantriddyd, on the road from Caer-dydd to Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr, is “tair
onnen” the three elm trees;
(2) but Tai’r-ysgol SS6997 locality
in the county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan is (tai + yr + ysgol = the houses by
the school), not Tairysgol ‘three schools’
:_______________________________.
tair blynedd
1 three years
:_______________________________.
Tai'r-bwl
:_______________________________.
tair congl
:_______________________________.
Tai’r-gwaith <tair GWAITH> [taɪr ˡgwaɪθ]
1 locality in the valley of
the Rhondda (county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf)
2 village SN7112 east of Gwauncaegurwen (county of Castell-nedd ac
Aberafan)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) houses (of) the works / the mine / the foundry / the factory,
etc”, houses next to a mine, houses belonging to a mineowner
(tai = houses, plural of ty = house) + (yr = the) + (gwaith =
work / workings / mine / foundry / factory). After a preceding vowel, yr becomes ‘r. A final stressed monosyllable is preceded by a hyphen in the
spelling of habitative place names
:_______________________________.
(y) Tair Gwyl Arbennig
:_______________________________.
Tair Helygen <tair he-LØ-gen> [taɪr hɛˡləgɛn]
1 The name given to the place
the Chubut valley in Patagonia where in the winter of 1865 the Welsh settlers
arrived on foot after travelling from their point of disembarkation in Porth
Madryn, some 60 km distant
ETYMOLOGY: y tair helygen = the three willows
(y = the) + (tair, feminine form of tri
= three) + (helygen = willow tree)
:_______________________________.
Tairheol
1 The houses by the
road
:_______________________________.
Tair Rhiain Ardderchog
:_______________________________.
tairieithog
1 trilingual
____________________________.
Tai'r-lôn
1 The houses by the
lane
:_______________________________.
tair neu bedair o
:_______________________________.
tair nos, oes llydrew
:_______________________________.
Taironnen <tair
O-nen> [taɪr ˡɔnɛn]
1 (ST0374) a farm in
Llantriddyd, on the road from Caer-dydd to Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
2 (SN6503) locality by Felindre (county of Abertawe)
ETYMOLOGY: y tair onnen = the three elms
(y = the) + (tair, feminine form of tri
= three) + (onnen = elm tree)
:_______________________________.
Tairysgol <tair Ə-skol> [taɪr ˡəskɔl]
1 SS6997 locality in the
county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan
ETYMOLOGY: “tai’r ysgol” (the) houses (by) the school
(tai = houses, plural of ty = house) + (yr = the) + (ysgol =
school)
:_______________________________.
Taisiriol <tai-SIR-yol> [taɪˡsɪrjɔl]
1
street name in Ffosygerddinen (Caerffili) (“cheerful houses / merry houses”)
(spelt as “Tai Siriol”)
ETYMOLOGY: “y tai siriol” the pleasant houses / merry houses
(y = definite article) + (tai = houses, plural of tŷ = house) + (siriol = happy / merry / cheerful /
pleasant)
Settlement names are written together as one word, hence Tai Siriol > Taisiriol
:_______________________________.
tai tafarnau
1 taverns; plural of tŷ tafarn
:_______________________________.
taith, teithiau <TAITH,
TEITH-yai, -e> [ˡtaɪθ, ˡtəɪθjaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 trip, journey
y daith = the journey
2 pen
y daith <pen ə DAITH> [pɛn ə ˡdaɪθ] destination,
journey’s end
3 difrod ar y daith damage in transit (‘damage on the journey’)
4
Mae cryn daith o’n blaenau We have a
long way to go (‘there is a considerable journey before us’)
5 ar fy nhaith tua Chymru on my
way to Wales (“on my journey towards Wales”)
:_______________________________.
taith feiciau
1 bicylcle tour, bike tour
:_______________________________.
taith gar
1 car journey
:_______________________________.
taith gerdded
1 walk, hike, walking tour
:_______________________________.
taith gyfnewid
1 exchange trip
:_______________________________.
taith gyswllt
:_______________________________.
taith i lawr
:_______________________________.
taith noddedig
1 sponsored trip
:_______________________________.
Tai-ucha’n-cwm <tai-II-khan-KUM> [taɪ ˡiˑxan
ˡkm]
1 SH9147 a farm in Cwm
Penanner
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=312703
Tai-ucha’n-cwm
ETYMOLOGY: y tai uchaf yn y cwm > (y) tai ucha(f) (y)n (y) cwm > tai
ucha’n cwm
“the highest houses in the valley”
(y = the) + (tai = houses) + (yn =
in) + (y = the) + (cwm = valley)
To the east is Tŷ-isa-cwm SH9247 = tŷ isaf y cwm (“the
lowest house of the valley”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/133181
map
:_______________________________.
tal <TAL> [tal] (adjective)
1 tall (person, building)
:_______________________________.
tâl, taliadau <TAAL,
tal-YAA-dai, -dai, -e> [tɑːl, talˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 payment
2 di-dâl without payment, free of
charge
ar gael yn ddi-dâl available free of
charge
:_______________________________.
tâl <TAAL> [tɑːl] (masculine noun)
1 front, top, end
2 talar headland in a
field, cross ridge at the end of a ploughed field; edge of a field where the plough
turns, and which is ploughed in turn when the whole field has been ploughed
(Scotland: headrig = headland in ploughed field).
(tâl = top, end, furthest part, highest part) + (âr =
ploughed land)
See separate entry below.
3 In names with tâl as a first element with only a minor stress (the final element bears the main stress) the vowel becomes short â > a.
Tal-y-bont,
Tal-y-fan, Talycopa, Tal-y-garn
A similar
phenomenon occurs with dôl (river meadow) in Dolgellau, though the long vowel is
retained in Dôl-y-bont, Dôl-y-cae,
Dôl-goch etc
Tal-y-bont street name in Dolgellau (Gwynedd); district of Llanrug (Gwynedd); village in Ceredigion, etc. (“place facing the bridge”)
Tal-y-cae street name in Tre-garth, Bangor (Gwynedd) (“place facing the
field”)
Tal-y-coed street name in Hendy (Abertawe)
(“place facing the wood”)
Tal-y-fan street name in Glanconwy (Dinbych) (“place facing the
peak”)
Tai Talyrafon street name in Dolgellau (Gwynedd) (“houses at Talyrafon”;
= place facing the river”)
4 As a prefix in some place names, meaning ‘place facing, place looking onto,
place overlooking, place opposite’)
Talafon place looking towards the river (afon = river)
Taldwyn place looking towards the hill (twyn = hill)
Talfan place looking towards the peak (ban = peak)
Taleifion place looking towards Eifion (that is, a poetic form for the district of Eifionydd; cf Meirion
for Meirionydd). Street name in Llanystumdwy.
Talfryn place looking towards the hill (bryn = hill)
Talgarreg place looking towards the rock (carreg = stone, rock)
Talgarth place looking towards the hill (garth = hill) (Talarth or
Taliarth would be expected; maybe that earlier the form was *talgharth, with
soft mutation g > gh, and subsequently the mutation was undone; or it is
tâl-gárth with a transfer of the accent from the final syllable)
:_______________________________.
Talacharn <ta-LAA-kharn> [taˡlɑˑxarn] (feminine noun)
(History)
1 a cwmwd (kúmmud or neighbourhood) in the district of Gwarthaf
:_______________________________.
Talach-ddu
:_______________________________.
Talacre
:_______________________________.
taladwy
1 payable
:_______________________________.
Talafon <tal-AA-von> [talˡɑˑvɔn]
1 house name
farm below Yr Eifl hill, near Llangybi (Gwynedd)
name of a grocery store in Aber-soch (Gwynedd)
street name in Llanberis (Conwy)
house name in Porthaethwy (Gwynedd)
house name in Beddgelert
house name in Llangwnnadl (Gwynedd)
house name in Caerffili
house name in Llanerfyl (Powys)
house name in Tudweiliog (Gwynedd)
house name in Pant-y-ffridd (Powys)
street name in Cricieth (Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: “place facing the river” (tâl = front) + (afon = river)
:_______________________________.
talai
:_______________________________.
talaith, taleithiau <TA-laith,
-leth, ta-LEITH-yai, -yai, -e> [ˡtalaɪθ, -ɛθ , taˡləɪθjaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 province
y dalaith = the province
2 state
yr Unol Daleithiau = The United
States (sometimes also: y Taleithiau
Unedig)
Taleithiau Unedig América <ta-LEITH-yai, -ye, i-NEE-dig a-ME-ri-ka> [taˡləɪθjaɪ, -ɛ, ɪˡneˑdɪg
aˡmɛrɪka] United States of America
:_______________________________.
Talaith yr Ymerodraeth
:_______________________________.
talar <TAA-lar> [ˡtɑˑlar] feminine noun
PLURAL talarau <ta-LAA-rai, -rai, -e> [taˡlɑˑraɪ, -ɛ]
1
headland in a field, cross ridge at the end of a ploughed field; edge of a
field where the plough turns, and which is ploughed in turn when the whole
field has been ploughed (Scotland: headrig = headland in ploughed field)
y dalar = the headland
2 dod i ben y dalar, dod
i ben talar draw to an end, be nearly completed
3 tynnu at ben talar be nearly completed (“draw to
(the) end (of the) headland”)
4 cyrraedd pen talar
reach one’s destination
5 house names and street names
Street names:
..1/ Pendalar = pen y dalar (“(the) end (of) the cross-ridge”)
….a/ Llanfair Fechan (county of Conwy)
..2 Talar-deg (“fair headland”) (“Talar Deg”)
Llanilar (county of Ceredigion)
..3 Dalar-las = y dalar las (“green headland”) (“Dalar Las”)
….a/ Glanconwy, Baecolwyn (county of Conwy)
….b/ Llanfachreth, Dolgellau (county of Gwynedd)
..4 Y Dalar (“the headland”)
….a/ Machynlleth (county of Powys)
..5 Dalar-wen = y dlar wen (“(the) white headland”)
….a/ Dinbych
6 (as a masculine noun) Y Talar street name in Tregynwr (county of
Caerfyrddin)
ETYMOLOGY: (tâl = top, furthest
part, highest part) + (âr = ploughed land)
In the other British languages:
Cornish talar (= headland in a field),
Breton talar (= headland in a field), war e dalaroù (“on his
cross-ridges” = be in his death throes), ober e dalaroù (“work his
cross-ridges” = be in his death throes)
:_______________________________.
talar a thir
:_______________________________.
Talardd
:_______________________________.
Talar-deg ‹TAA-lar DEEG› [ˡtɑˑlar ˡdeːg]
1
street name in Llanilar (county of Ceredigion) (“Talar Deg”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“fair headland /
cross-ridge (in a ploughed field)
(talar = cross-ridge) + soft mutation + (teg = fair)
:_______________________________.
tâl ar law
:_______________________________.
talaru
:_______________________________.
Talbenni
:_______________________________.
talbont
:_______________________________.
tâl bonws
:_______________________________.
tâl cadw
:_______________________________.
talcen, talcennau / talcenni <TAL-ken,
tal-KE-nai, -ne, -ni> [ˡtalkɛn, talˡkɛnaɪ, talˡkɛnɛ,
talˡkɛnɪ] (masculine noun)
1 forehead
2
mor llithrig â thalcen iâr as
slippery as an eel “as slippery as the forehead of a hen”
3 moeli ar eich talcen go bald at the front
4
mor llithrig â thalcen iâr as
slippery as an eel “as slippery as the forehead of a hen”
mor wastad â thalcen iâr as flat as
a pancake (“as flat as (the) forehead (of a) hen”)
5
taro yn eich talcen quash, knock for
six (“hit in your forehesad”)
Tarawyd y syniad y ei dalcen The
idea was quashed
6
talcen slip receding forehead (slip = sloping)
:_______________________________.
talcen caled
:_______________________________.
talcendo
:_______________________________.
talcen glo
:_______________________________.
talcen iâr
:_______________________________.
talcen slip
:_______________________________.
talcenwyn
:_______________________________.
talch
:_______________________________.
Tal Clegyr
:_______________________________.
tâl cofrestru
1 registration fee
:_______________________________.
taldra <TAL-dra> [ˡtaldra] (masculine noun)
1 tallness
2 dyn dwylath o daldra
a man six foot tall (“two yards of tallness”)
:_______________________________.
taleb
:_______________________________.
taledig
:_______________________________.
taledigaeth
:_______________________________.
taleithiau
1 provinces; plural of talaith
:_______________________________.
Taleithiau Canolog yr Iwerydd
:_______________________________.
Taleithiau'r Môr Tawel
:_______________________________.
Taleithiau Unedig
:_______________________________.
taleithiol
1 provincial
:_______________________________.
talent, talentau <TAA-lent,
ta-LEN-tai, -e> [ˡtaˑlɛnt, taˡlɛntaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 talent, skill, ability, gift
y dalent = the talent
:_______________________________.
talentog <ta-LEN-tog> [taˡlɛntɔg] adjective
1 talented
cawr o Gymro talentog a diymhongar
a giant of a talented and unassuming Welshman
ETYMOLOGY: (talent = talent) + (-og, adjective for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
taler
:_______________________________.
Taleithiau Unedig América
:_______________________________.
Talerddig
:_______________________________.
talfeistr <TAL-vei-stir> [ˡtalvəɪstɪr] masculine noun
PLURAL talfeistri <tal-VEI-stri> [talˡvəɪstrɪ]
1 paymaster = a person in
charge of paying wages in an administration or a business
Y Tâl-feistr Cyffredinol The
Paymaster General = an official in the English government who originally was
head of the department giving payments to other government departments, but who
nowadays can in fact have any special responsibility which a Prime Minister
gives him
:_______________________________.
talfrig
:_______________________________.
talfur
:_______________________________.
talfyredig
:_______________________________.
talfyriad
1 streeabbreviation
:_______________________________.
talfyrru
1 abbreviate
:_______________________________.
Talgarreg
:_______________________________.
Talgarth <TAL-garth> [ˡtalgarθ] (feminine noun)
1 village in South-east Wales
2 a kántrev / cantref in the medieval period
3 a kúmmud / cwmwd within the kántrev
:_______________________________.
tâl gorgadw
:_______________________________.
talgrib <TAL-grib> [ˡtalgrɪb] masculine noun
1
(poetry) high ridge
ETYMOLOGY: (tal = tall) + soft
mutation + ( crib = ridge)
In the north, crib is masculine (y crib); in the south it is feminine (y grib)
:_______________________________.
talgron
:_______________________________.
talgrwn
:_______________________________.
talgryf
:_______________________________.
talgrynnu
:_______________________________.
Talhaearn <tal-HEI-arn> [talˡhəɪarn]
1 obsolete male name (tâl + haearn, “brow (of) iron”)
2
Talhaiarn (1810-1869) Richard Parry,
poet, born in Llanfair Talhaearn (county of Dinbych),
(Talhaiarn, with an ‘i’, is an incorrect spelling formerly in use in the 1800s)
See Hen Arweinwyr Eisteddfodau / Daniel Williams / Llyfrau Pawb 12 / 1944
:_______________________________.
tali
:_______________________________.
taliad, taliadau <TAL-yad,
tal-YAA-dai, -e>
[ˡtaljad, talˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 payment
2 taliad unwaith ag am byth (“payment once and for ever”) a premium payment, a one-off payment
:_______________________________.
taliad ernes
:_______________________________.
Taliesin
:_______________________________.
tali-ho!
:_______________________________.
talm <TALM> [talm]
1 (colloquially as talwm) while, period
Ers talwm... Once upon a time
(conventional phrase for beginning a fairy tale, etc)
(Also: Unwaith..., Un tro..., Gynt...,
Ers llawer dydd..., Ryw dro...”)
:_______________________________.
talmu
:_______________________________.
talmwd
:_______________________________.
tâl mynediad
1 entrance fee
:_______________________________.
talo
:_______________________________.
talog <TAA-log> [ˡtɑˑlɔg]
1 in place names, usually
from halog (= filthy, polluted)
after a word with final -d
..1/ Rhydtalog As it stands it would
seem to be “(the) ford (of) Talog”, “Talog’s ford” (Talog being a plausible
forename, though not in fact found).
However the name is really "filthy ford, muddy ford” (rhyd = ford)
+ (halog = filthy, dirty, muddy) > Rhydhalog > Rhytalog (d+h > t) > “Rhyd Talog”, a
reforming of the name as if “(the) ford (of) Talog”,
..a/ There is a Rhydhalog / Rhytalog SJ2354 south-west of Treuddyn in Sir y
Fflint (Rhydtalog on the Ordnance Survey map)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2354
map
..b/ There is also a Rhydhalog / Rhytalog ST0279 south-west of Brynsadler,
Rhondda Cynon Taf, South-east Wales (Rhydhalog on the Ordnance Survey map)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST0279
map
..2/ Coedtalog SJ0511 a farm by Afon
Banwy north-east of Llanerfyl in the district of Maldwyn in the county of
Powys.
As it stands it would seem to be “(the) wood (of) Talog”, “Talog’s wood” (Talog
being a plausible forename, though not in fact found).
However the name is really "filthy wood, muddy wood” (coed = wood)
+ (halog = filthy, dirty, muddy) > Coedhalog > Coetalog (d+h > t) > “Coed Talog”, a
reforming of the name as if “(the) wood (of) Talog”,
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/315409
map
..3/ See Talwg
:_______________________________.
talp
:_______________________________.
talpiog
:_______________________________.
talpswm
:_______________________________.
Talrych
:_______________________________.
Tal-sarn
1 ‘end
of the stone pavement / paved way / Roman via’
Village name at:
SN7726 Caerfyrddin
SN5456 Ceredigion
SH2729 Gwynedd
SO1623 Powys
:_______________________________.
Talsarnau <tal-SARN-ai, -e> [talˡsarnaɪ, -ɛ]
SH6135
Gwynedd
:_______________________________.
talsyth
:_______________________________.
talu <TAA-li> [ˡtɑˑlɪ] (verb)
1 pay
talu a chario <TAA-li a KHAR-yo> [ˡtɑˑlɪ a ˡxarjɔ] cash and carry
talu sylw i <ta-li SI-lu i> [talɪ ˡsɪlʊ ɪ] pay attention to
talu bil <taa-li BIL> [tɑˑlɪ ˡbɪl] pay a bill
talu’r bil <taa-lir BIL> [tɑˑlɪr ˡbɪl] (phrase) pay the
bill
talu ar law pay cash (“pay on hand”)
talu ag arian parod pagar en efectiu
(“pay with ready money”)
2 talu dros bawb to pay for everybody
3 talu crocbris am (rywbeth)
pay through the nose for (something), pay the earth for (something), pay a
small fortune for (something),
pay a king’s ransom for (something), pay an exorbitant price for
(something) (“pay a hanging-price for something” i.e. a ransom paid to avoid
execution by hanging of a captive by the captors)
4 fe dâl hysbysebu it
pays to advertise
5 talu’r echwyn adref give
tit for tat (“pay the loan home”)
6
dwyn yr hen i dalu’r newydd to rob
Peter to pay Paul (“steal the old to pay for the new”)
dwyn o’r naill law i dalu’r llall to
rob Peter to pay Paul (“steal from one hand he to pay the other”)
7 talu’r hen a dwyn y newydd
to rob Peter to pay Paul (“pay for the old thing and steal the new thing”)
8 ni thâl hi ddim (gwneud rhywbeth) there’s no point (in doing
something), it’s no good (doing something)
Thâl meddwl am ei wneud yfory ddim i mi; mae rhaid ei wneud ar unwaith Thinking
about doing it is no good for me / is of no use to me; it has too be done today
9 talu ag arian parod pay in cash (“pay with ready money”)
:_______________________________.
talu ar ei ganfed
1 pay a hundredfold, pay back one hundred times the
amount of the initial investment
ETYMOLOGY: “pay on its hundredth”
:_______________________________.
talu ar law
1 pay in cash
ETYMOLOGY: “pay on hand”
:_______________________________.
talu cast am gast
1 pay tit for tat
:_______________________________.
talu clod
1 talu clod i rywun give praise to somebody
ETYMOLOGY: “pay praise”
:_______________________________.
talu crocbris
1 talu crocbris am rywbeth pay an exhorbitant
price for something, pay through the nose for something
ETYMOLOGY: “pay a hanging price”
:_______________________________.
talu cymwynas yn ei hôl
1 return a favour
ETYMOLOGY: “pay a favour (in its) back”
:_______________________________.
talu dyled
1 pay a debt, pay off a debt
ETYMOLOGY: “pay (a) debt”
:_______________________________.
talu fesul bach
1 pay bit by bit
ETYMOLOGY: “pay (by) small measure”
:_______________________________.
talu eich ffordd
1 talu’ch ffordd pay your way
ETYMOLOGY: “pay your way”
:_______________________________.
talu gan bwyll bach
1 pay bit by bit
ETYMOLOGY: “pay slowly” (“with
little sense”)
:_______________________________.
talu gwrogaeth
1 talu gwrogaeth i rywun pay homage to somebody
ETYMOLOGY: “pay homage”
:_______________________________.
talu hen ddyled
1 pay an old debt, pay off an old debt
ETYMOLOGY: “pay (an) old debt”
:_______________________________.
talu iawn
1 talu iawn i rywun pay compensation to
somebody, pay restitution to somebody
ETYMOLOGY: “pay compensation /
restitution”
:_______________________________.
talu i mewn
1 pay in, deposit
talu arian i mewn i’ch cyfrif pay money into your account, put money
into your account
ETYMOLOGY: “pay compensation /
restitution”
:_______________________________.
talu yn ei coin ei hun
1 pay tit for tat
talu rhywun yn ei goin ei hun give somebody tit for tat
ETYMOLOGY: “pay in his own coin”
:_______________________________.
talu pwython
:_______________________________.
talu'r cwbl
:_______________________________.
talu'r ffordd
:_______________________________.
talu rhag blaen
1 pay in advance
ETYMOLOGY: “pay immediately”
:_______________________________.
talu'r hen a dwyn y newydd
:_______________________________.
talu'r hen chwech yn ôl
1 talu’r hen chwech yn ôl i rywun get one’s own
back on somebody
ETYMOLOGY: “pay the old sixpence back
to somebody”
:_______________________________.
talu'r pwyth yn ôl
1 talu’r pwyth yn ôl i rywun get one’s own back
on somebody
ETYMOLOGY: “pay the stitch back to somebody”
:_______________________________.
talu rhent am
1 pay rent for
:_______________________________.
talu sylw
1 talu sylw i rywbeth pay attenyion to something
:_______________________________.
talu teyrnged
1 talu teyrnged i rywun pay tribute to somebody
Talodd ei gyfeillion eu teyrnged o barch iddo trwy
osod colofn hardd ar ei fedd (1871) His friends paid tribute to him
(‘paid their tribute of respect to him’) by placing a fine column on his grave
ETYMOLOGY: “pay (a) tribute to”
:_______________________________.
talu yn ddrud
1 talu’n ddrud am rywbeth pay a high price for
something
ETYMOLOGY: “pay expensively for
(something)”
:_______________________________.
talu yn ei chwein ei hun
:_______________________________.
talu yn hallt am
1 talu’n hallt am rywbeth pay through the nose
for something
ETYMOLOGY: “pay in salt for
(something)”
:_______________________________.
talu yn ôl
:_______________________________.
talu yn rhy ddrud am ei ddysg
:_______________________________.
talu yn rhy ddrud am ei grwth
:_______________________________.
Talweunydd
:_______________________________.
Talwg <TAA-lug> [ˡtɑˑlʊg]
1 In Y Barri (county of Bro
Morgannwg) there is a stream called Nant
Talwg. The stream name is taken from the name of a ford.
..a/ Talwg < Ritalwg (i.e. Rhyd Talwg)
..b/ Ritalwg < Ritalog (i.e. Rhyd Talog)
..c/ Ritalog < Ryd Halog (i.e. Rhyd Halog) (= dirty ford / muddy ford)
There is devoicing of d before h, and the h is lost, the rule being (d + h) > (t)
..a/ The name occurs in the name of a street “Nant Talwg Way“, which would be
in Welsh Heol Nant Talwg or simply Nant Talwg / Nant-talwg
..b/ Coed Cwm Talwg name of a wood
here
..c/ Cwm Talwg name of a public
house here
NOTE: The change -og > -wg in the south-west is also to be
seen in the place names
...a/ Llangatwg > Llangadog (also with a change typical
of the south-east - d as the initial
consonant of the final syllable > t
..b/ Morgannwg
..c/ Gwynllŵg
:_______________________________.
talwm <TA-lum> [ˡtalʊm]
1 while, period
See: talm
:_______________________________.
talwrn <TAA-lurn> [ˡtɑˑlʊrn] masculine noun
PLURAL talyrnau <ta-LƏR-nai, -e> [taˡlərnaɪ, -ɛ]
1
grassland, meadow
2 in street names
..a/ “Talwrn Road” Coed-poeth (county of Wrecsam) (this would be Ffordd y
Talwrn in Welsh)
..b/ “Talwrn Road” Llangefni (county of Ynys Môn) (this would be Ffordd y
Talwrn in Welsh)
..c/ “Talwrn Road” Pentraeth (county of Ynys Môn) (this would be Ffordd y
Talwrn in Welsh)
3 threshing floor
4 cockpit
talwrn ceiliogod cockpit
5 talwrn y beirdd competition amongst poets
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
Y Talwrn <ə TAA-lurn> [ə ˡtɑˑlʊrn]
1
(SJ2948) locality in Wrecsam
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2948
2 (SJ3847) locality in Wrecsam
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ3847
3
(SH4877) locality in the county of Ynys Môn
Eisteddfod Gadeiriol y Talwrn, Ynys Môn The chair eisteddfod of Y Talwrn
in the island of Môn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/515887
ETYMOLOGY: “the meadow”, “the open land” (y = the) + (talwrn =
meadow)
:_______________________________.
talwyneb <tal-UI-neb> [talˡʊɪnɛb] masculine noun
PLURAL talwynebau <tal-ui-NEE-bai,
-e> [talʊɪˡneˑbaɪ, -ɛ]
1
façade
ETYMOLOGY: “front face” (tâl =
front) + (wyneb = face)
:_______________________________.
Talybolion <tal-ə-BOL-yon> [taləˡbɔljɔn] (feminine noun)
1 (History) neighbourhood in Cemais (Gwynedd Uwch Conwy)
:_______________________________.
Tal-y-bont <tal-ə-BONT> [taləˡbɔnt] (feminine noun)
1 place-name - place facing the bridge head, bridge end
..a/ Tal-y-bont SJ2408
Village on the English side of the border by Y Trallwng (Welshpool).
English name: Buttington
(delwedd 7272)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/676661
2 Pont Tal-y-bont locality
in the county of Gwynedd (near Bangor) (“the bridge at the olace called
Tal-y-bont”)
English name: Gipsy Corner
See tâl
:_______________________________.
Tal-y-bont ar Wysg
:_______________________________.
Tal-y-cae
:_______________________________.
Tal-y-cafn
:_______________________________.
Tal-y-coed
:_______________________________.
Talycopa <tal-ə-KO-pa> [taləˡkɔpa]
1
farm, north of Pentre-dŵr, Llansamlet (county of Abertawe)
Nearby there is Heol Dalycopa (“Heol
Dalycopa”) and “Talycopa Court” (which would be Cwrt Talycopa in Welsh)
ETYMOLOGY: “place facing the peak” (tâl
= forehead; place facing) + (y =
the) + (copa = peak)
Copa is generally feminine in Welsh
(y gopa) but it is a masculine noun
in some areas (y copa).
See also tâl
:_______________________________.
Tal-y-fan <tal-ə-VAN> [taləˡvan] (feminine noun)
1 place-name “place facing the brow of the hill”
See tâl
:_______________________________.
Tal-y-garn <tal-ə-GARN> [taləˡgarn] feminine
noun
1 SH 0380 mansion south of the village of Pont-y-clun (county of
Rhondda Cynon Taf)
ETYMOLOGY: (tâl = forehead; place
facing) + (y = the) + soft mutation
+ (carn = cairn, pile of stones)
See tâl
:_______________________________.
Tal y Glannau
:_______________________________.
Talyllychau
:_______________________________.
Tal-y-llyn
:_______________________________.
Tal y Mignedd
:_______________________________.
tâl ymwared
:_______________________________.
Tal-y-sarn
1 SH4853 village in Gwynedd
See also Tal-sarn
:_______________________________.
Tal-y-waun
1 SH7159
https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1836377
:_______________________________.
Tal-y-wern
:_______________________________.
Talyweunydd
:_______________________________.
tam
:_______________________________.
tamaid, tameidiau <TA-maid,
-med, ta-MEID-yai, -e> [ˡtamaɪd, -ɛd, taˡməɪdjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 piece
2
ennill eich tamaid <E-nilh əkh TA-maid, -med> [ˡɛnɪɬ əx ˡtamaɪd, -ɛd] (verb) earn one’s
living
3
tamaid y cythraul (Succisa
pratensis) devil's bit scabious
4
bod yn gythraul am eich tamaid be
sex mad (“be a devil for your bit”)
:_______________________________.
tamaid bach
:_______________________________.
tamaid bach o beth fel yna
:_______________________________.
tamaid gormod
:_______________________________.
tamaid i aros pryd <TA-maid, -med, i AA-ros PRIID> [ˡtamaɪd, -ɛd ɪ ˡɑˑrɔs ˡpriː
d] masculine noun
PLURAL tameidiau i aros pryd <ta-MEID-yai, -e, i AA-ros PRIID> [taˡməɪdjaɪ, -ɛ ɪ ˡɑˑrɔs
ˡpriː d]
1 snack (“a portion to await
a meal”)
cael tamaid i aros pryd, have a snack
cael tamaid have a snack
:_______________________________.
tamaid tröwr <TA-mai,
-med, TROO-ur> [ˡtamaɪd, -ɛd, ˡtroˑʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL tameidiau tröwr <ta-MEID-yai, -e, TROO-ur>
[taˡməɪdjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡtroˑʊr]
1 ploughman’s lunch - a snack
of bread, cheese and pickled onions served in a pub to accompany a glass of
beer
ETYMOLOGY: (“portion (of) (a) ploughman”) adaptation of English ‘ploughman’s
lunch’
:_______________________________.
Tamar
:_______________________________.
támarisg
:_______________________________.
tambed
:_______________________________.
tambwrîn
:_______________________________.
tambwrinydd
:_______________________________.
tamed
:_______________________________.
tameidiach
:_______________________________.
tameidiau
:_______________________________.
tameidiog
:_______________________________.
tameidyn
:_______________________________.
tamp
1 damp
L
le tamp a damp place
:_______________________________.
tampan
:_______________________________.
tampio
:_______________________________.
tampo
:_______________________________.
tampon
:_______________________________.
tamprwydd <TAM-pruidh> [ˡtamprʊɪð] (masculine noun)
1 dampness
:_______________________________.
tan <TAN> [tan] (preposition)
1 until
tan dri o’r gloch until three o’
clock
tan
1950 (tan fil naw-cant pum-deg) until
1950
tan
hynny until then
tan
ddydd Mercher until Wednesday
aros
tan ar ôl yr etholiad wait
until after the election
o
fore gwyn tan nos all day
long, from dawn to dusk, from early til late (‘from white morning until night’)
:_______________________________.
tan-
:_______________________________.
tân, tanau <TAAN, TAA-nai, -e> [tɑːn, ˡtɑˑnaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 fire
allanfa dân, alllanféydd tân fire exit (sometimes seen on signs as
“allanfa tân”, but this is incorrect)
brigâd dân fire brigade
coed tân <koid TAAN> [kɔɪd ˡtɑːn] firewood
lle tân <lhee TAAN> [ɬeː ˡtɑːn] fireplace
shilff-ben-tân <shilf ben TAAN> [ʃɪlf bɛn ˡtɑːn] mantelpiece
tân glas <taan GLAAS> [tɑːn ˡglɑːs] flare
2 A losgodd ei fysedd a ochel y tân Once bitten twice shy (“the person who burnt his fingers is the
person who avoids the fire”)
3 mwy o fwg nag o dân
more noise than substance, a lot of talk and little action (“more of smoke than
of fire”)
4 strimyn atal tân
firebreak (“strip (of) stopping fire”)
5 tân siafins (See
separate entry)
6 gefel dân fire tongs
(gefel = tongs) + soft mutation + (tân = fire)
7 tân a brwmstan fire and brimstone
:_______________________________.
Tanad
:_______________________________.
tanadeiledd
:_______________________________.
tan-amcanu
:_______________________________.
tân ar groen
:_______________________________.
tanategu
:_______________________________.
tân bach diniwed
:_______________________________.
tanbaid
:_______________________________.
tanbeidio
:_______________________________.
tanbeidrwydd
:_______________________________.
tân-belen
:_______________________________.
tân-beleniad
:_______________________________.
tanboblogaeth
:_______________________________.
tanborthwr
:_______________________________.
tanc, tanciau <TANGK, TANGK-yai, -e> [taŋk, ˡtaŋkjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 tank (petrol tank, etc)
tanc carthion septic tank
2 tank = military vehicle
:_______________________________.
tanc dw^r
:_______________________________.
tancer, tanceri <TANG-ker,
tang-KEE-ri> [ˡtaŋkɛr, taŋˡkeˑrɪ] (masculine noun)
1 tanker (lorry)
:_______________________________.
tanchwa
:_______________________________.
tanciaid
:_______________________________.
tancio
:_______________________________.
tanc storio
:_______________________________.
tanddaearol
:_______________________________.
tancwr
:_______________________________.
tanddatblygidad
:_______________________________.
tanddatblygiedig
:_______________________________.
tanddwr
:_______________________________.
tan ddydd Sul Pys
:_______________________________.
tan eich crwys
:_______________________________.
tanellu
:_______________________________.
taenellwr
:_______________________________.
tân ellyll
:_______________________________.
tanen
:_______________________________.
tanen wyllt
:_______________________________.
tanerdy <ta-NER-di> [taˡnɛrdɪ] masculine
noun
PLURAL tanerdai <ta-NER-dai> [taˡnɛrdaɪ]
1 tannery
ETYMOLOGY: (taner = tanner) + soft
mutation + (-ty = house, building)
:_______________________________.
(y) Tanerdy
SN4221 place in Caerfyrddin /
Carmarthen
https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/6326275
Tafarn y Tanerdy
:_______________________________.
tan fawd
:_______________________________.
tanffordd
:_______________________________.
tanfor
:_______________________________.
tan gabl
:_______________________________.
tan gamp
:_______________________________.
tan ganu
:_______________________________.
tangiad
:_______________________________.
tangl
:_______________________________.
tan gladd
:_______________________________.
tân glas
:_______________________________.
tan glo
:_______________________________.
tanglo
:_______________________________.
tangloddio
:_______________________________.
Tanglwst
:_______________________________.
tangnefedd <tang-NEE-vedh> [taŋˡneˑvɛð] (masculine noun)
1 peace
:_______________________________.
tangnefeddu
:_______________________________.
tangnefeddus
:_______________________________.
tangnefeddwr <tang-ne-VEE-dhur> [taŋnɛˡveˑðʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL tangnefeddwyr <tang-ne-VEDH-wir> [taŋnɛˡvɛðwɪr]
1 Bíblia peacemaker = conciliator, person who reconciles enemies
Mathew 5:9
Gwyn eu byd y tangnefeddwyr canys hwy a
elwir yn blant i Dduw
Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the Children of God
ETYMOLOGY: (tangnefedd = peace) + (-wr = agent suffix, ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
tango
:_______________________________.
tan grwys
:_______________________________.
tan gwmwl
:_______________________________.
tangyflogaeth
:_______________________________.
tân gwidw
:_______________________________.
tan gwmwl
:_______________________________.
tan gwyllt
:_______________________________.
tan gwyn
:_______________________________.
Tangwystl
:_______________________________.
ta-nhw
:_______________________________.
tani
:_______________________________.
ta-ni
:_______________________________.
taniad <TAN-yad> [ˡtanjad] masculine noun
PLURAL taniadau <tan-YAA-dai, -e> [tanˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 ignition
2 firing
3 firing of a gun
taniad reiffl rifle shot
o fewn taniad reiffl within rifle
shot
4 detonation
5 explosion
6 (South-east) tanad pit
explosion
Mae’n fachan trwy’r tanad He’s one of
the best (“he is a man through the explosion”, i.e. who will rescue you in a
mine disaster)
ETYMOLOGY: (tan- stem of tanio = to fire, to detonate) + (-i-ad abstract noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
taniadur
:_______________________________.
taniadwy
:_______________________________.
tân iddw
:_______________________________.
tanig
:_______________________________.
tan-i marw
:_______________________________.
tanin
:_______________________________.
tanio <TAN-yo> [ˡtanjɔ] verb
1 fire (a shot)
tanio ergyd fire a shot
Taniodd ddwy ergyd ac arhosodd
heb danio ergyd without a shot being
fired, without firing a shot
Taniodd ddwy ergyd ac arhosodd He
fired two shots and waited
2 fire (a gun)
tanio dryll ar (rywun) = fire a gun
at (someone)
cael ei danio (firearm) be fired
Clywais i wn yn cael ei danio I
heard a gun being fired
gosod (reiffl) mewn ystum tanio position
a rifle ready for firing, bring a rifle to the firing position
3 (pibell = pipe) light
Taniodd ei bibell a syllodd ar y môr
He lit his pipe and gazed at the sea
4
light, strike = (match) cause to flame through friction
tanio matshen strike a match
Taniodd fatshen a'i fflicio dros y
stafell
He lit a match and flicked it across the room
5 start (the engine of a vehicle)
Wyddwn i ddim sut oedd tanio’r tractor
I didn’t know how to start the tractor
6
let off, set off = cause to operate
Pwy sy wedi tanio’r diffoddydd?
Who let off the fire extinguisher?
7
fire (imagination) = inspire
llyfrau storïau i danio dychymyg plant
story books to fire children’s imagination
tanio brwdfrydedd rhywun fire
somebody’s curiosity
8
fill with emotion, fire the enthusiasm of, fire with passion
Yn yr adeilad hwn yn Heol y Wig, Ewenni
byddai Edward Matthews yn tanio’i gynulleidfa chweugain mlynedd yn ôl
In this building in Heol y Wig (“road leading to Wig”), (in the village of)
Ewenni, Edward Matthews would fire his audience (with passion) 120 years ago
9
maes tanio shooting range
10
peiriant mewndanio, motor tanio mewnol internal combustion
engine
11
(masculine noun) fire = shooting; causing to explode
tanio tanllyd tracer fire = firing
of tracer bullets (visible in flight because of burning chemicals which give
off light and smoke) (“fiery shooting”)
ETYMOLOGY: (tân = fire) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
tanio ar bob silindr
:_______________________________.
tanist
:_______________________________.
taniwr
:_______________________________.
taniwr rocedi
:_______________________________.
tanjerîn
:_______________________________.
tanlinellu
:_______________________________.
tân lladd mochyn
:_______________________________.
Tan-llan
:_______________________________.
tanlli
:_______________________________.
tanlliw
:_______________________________.
tanllwyth
:_______________________________.
tanllwyth o dân
:_______________________________.
tanllyd
:_______________________________.
tân llym o dan y llymru
tân mall wna'r uwd yn well
:_______________________________.
tanlwybr
:_______________________________.
tanlys
:_______________________________.
tannau
:_______________________________.
tannu
:_______________________________.
tannws
:_______________________________.
tanod
:_______________________________.
tanodd
:_______________________________.
tan oed
:_______________________________.
(y) Tân Poeth
:_______________________________.
tân segur
:_______________________________.
tanseiliad
:_______________________________.
tanseilio
:_______________________________.
tanseiliwr
:_______________________________.
tân siafins <taan SHAA-vins> [tɑːn ˡʃɑˑvɪns] (masculine noun)
1 fire of wood shavings, which burns quickly and disappears quickly;
blaze followed by nothing
2 flash in the pan = something which is apparently a success but
which turns out to be short-lived; partial success at first, later failure;
short-lived pehenomenon, short-lived enthusiasm
Tân siafins fu’r cwbl It was just a
flash in the pan
3 tân shafins o ddyn
person who does things and says things rashly
ETYMOLOGY: “fire (of) wood shavings” (tân
= fire) + (siafins = wood
shavings)
:_______________________________.
tansoddi
:_______________________________.
tansoddiad
:_______________________________.
tant, tannau <tant, TA-nai, -e> [tant, ˡtanaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 string (of an instrument such as a harp)
2
rhygnu ar eich hoff dant harp on =
dwell tediously on a subject (“scrape on your favourite string”)
Dyna fe'n rhygnu ar ei hoff dant
He's off on his hobby horse
rhygnu ar yr un hen dant harp on =
dwell tediously on a subject (“scrape on the same old string”)
3 harpstrings, harp
chwarae’r tant play the harp
codwch fy nwylo i gyrraedd y tant raise my hands to touch (“reach”) the
harpstrings (from the traditional song Dafydd y Garreg Wen)
delyn fy mebyd, ffarwel i dy dant o harp of my youth, farewell to your
strings (from the traditional song Dafydd y Garreg Wen)
4 (diminutive form) tennyn
tennyn < *tennhyn from (tant =
string) + (-yn diminutive suffix
added to nouns)
(1) (musical instrument) string
(2) tether, cord, rope
(3) leash (for a dog)
:_______________________________.
tantalwm
:_______________________________.
tantro
:_______________________________.
tant y llais
:_______________________________.
tanu
:_______________________________.
tanwaith
:_______________________________.
tanwe
:_______________________________.
tanwen
:_______________________________.
tanws <TAA-nus> [ˡtɑˑnʊs] masculine noun
PLURAL tanysau <ta-NƏ-sai, -e> [taˡnəsaɪ, -ɛ]
1 tannery
ETYMOLOGY: English <TA-nus> [ˡtanʊs], an older pronunciation of tanhouse <TAN-haus> [ˡtanhaʊs]
:_______________________________.
tanwydd <TAN-widh> [ˡtanwɪð] masculine
noun
1 fuel = combustible material
to keep a fire burning (wood, coal, gas, oil)
tanwydd ffosil fossil fuel = fuel such as coal, oil or gas which is
formed from prehistoric plant material
lladrad tanwydd
o gerbydau a thanciau storio fuel theft from vehicles and storage tanks
gorsaf danwydd fuel station, (Englandic: petrol station), (USA: gas
station)
rhestr o orsafoedd tanwydd Ynys Môn a list of fuel stations in Ynys
Môn / Anglesey
tanwydd solid solid fuel
2 fuel = combustible material to operate an engine
(petrol, gas)
3 traul tanwydd fuel
consumption
4 fuel = fissile material used in a nuclear reactor
rhoden danwydd, plural rhodenni tanwydd fuel rod
:_______________________________.
Tan-y-bwlch <tan-ə-BULKH> [tanəˡbʊlx]
1 farm name, house name
ETYMOLOGY: “(place) below Y
Bwlch”
Y Bwlch is “the pass, the gap between hills” (y definite article) + (bwlch
= gap)
:_______________________________.
Tan-y-bryn <tan-ə-BRIN> [tanəˡbrɪn]
1
street name in Porthtywyn / Burry Port (county of Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen)
(spelt as “Tan y Bryn”).
ETYMOLOGY: tan y bryn “(the place) below the hill”
(tan = under, below) + (y definite article) + (bryn =
hill)
NOTE: Not far from here,
south of the railway line, there is a street called “Dan-y-bryn”. In place
names, “tan” is usually northern; the soft-mutated form “dan” is found only in
the south.
(Many prepositions in use in Welsh today are soft-mutated forms – gan <
can, wedi < gwedi, ar (older war) < gwar, wrth < gwrth,
i (older ddi) < di). Some that begin with t- however are
in use in modern Welsh both soft-mutated and without mutation : drwy / trwy,
dros / tros, dan / tan.)
:_______________________________.
Tan-y-coed <tan-ə-KOID> [tanəˡkɔɪd]
1
street name in Porthtywyn / Burry Port (county of Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen)
(spelt as “Tanycoed”)
ETYMOLOGY: tan y coed “(the place) below the wood” (tan = under,
below) + (y definite
article) + (coed = wood; trees)
:_______________________________.
tan y crwys
:_______________________________.
Tan-y-foel ‹tan- ə-VOIL›
1 farm name, house name
ETYMOLOGY: “(place) below Y
Foel”
Y Foel is “the bare hill” (y definite article) + soft mutation + (moel
= bare hill)
:_______________________________.
Tan-y-fron ‹tan- ə-VRON›
1 farm name, house name
ETYMOLOGY: “(place) below Y
Fron”
Y Fron is “the (round) hill” (y definite article) + soft mutation + (bron
= (round) hill; woman’s breast)
:_______________________________.
tan y funud olaf
:_______________________________.
Tanygrisiau
:_______________________________.
Tan-y-groes ‹tan ə
grois› feminine noun
Map Reference: SN2849
1 locality in the county of Ceredigion (South-east Wales)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/340991
Tan-y-groes o’r awyr / Tan-y-groes from the air
(“The
Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative
photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and
Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the place) below the
cross / crossroads” (tan = under) +
(yr = the) + soft mutation + (croes = cross / crossroads)
:_______________________________.
Tan-y-lan ‹tan- ə-LAN›
1 farm name, house name
ETYMOLOGY: “(place) below Y
Lan”
Y Lan is “the slope; the pasture on the slope” (y definite article) +
soft mutation + (glan = hillside, slope)
:_______________________________.
tan yn ddiweddar
:_______________________________.
Tanymarian ‹tan-ə- mar -yan›
1pseudonym
of Edward Stephen (1822-1885), poet and musician, born in Rhyd-y-sarn, near
Llan Ffestiniog (county of Gwynedd).
See Hen Arweinwyr Eisteddfodau / Daniel Williams / Llyfrau Pawb 12 / 1944
:_______________________________.
Tan-yr-allt ‹tan- ər-ALHT›
1 farm name, house name
ETYMOLOGY: “(place) below Yr
Allt” (tan = under, below) + (Yr Allt)
Yr Allt is “the hill, the hillside” (y definite article) + (allt =
hillside, hill)
:_______________________________.
tanysgrifiad ‹tan-ə- skriv -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL tanysgrifiadau ‹tan-ə-skriv-yâ-de›
1 subscription = money paid
to a publisher in order to receive copies of a magazine, a newspaper, etc for a
period of e.g. twelve months
ETYMOLOGY: (tanysgrif-i-,
stem of tanysgrifio = to subscribe)
+ (-ad, suffix for forming a noun)
:_______________________________.
tanysgrifio ‹tan-ə- skriv -yo› verb
1 subscribe
ffurflen danysgrifio, ffurflenni tanysgrifio subscription form
ETYMOLOGY: literal translation of the English word subscribe; (tan = under)
+ (ysgrifio = to write)
:_______________________________.
tanysgrifiwr ‹tan-ə- skriv -yur› masculine
noun
PLURAL tanysgrifwyr ‹tan-ə- skriv -wir›
1 subscriber
ETYMOLOGY: (tanysgrif-i-, stem of tanysgrifio = to subscribe) + (-ad, suffix for forming a noun
indicating the agent)
:_______________________________.
Tanyweirglodd ‹tan- ə-WEIR-glodh›
1 house name in Rhiw-las
(Gwynedd) (spelt as “Tan y Weirglodd”; habitative names are best spelt as a
single word)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) (place)
below the hay meadow”
(tan = under, below) + (y
definite article) + soft mutation + (gweirglodd = hay meadow)
:_______________________________.
tap ‹tap› masculine
noun
PLURAL tapiau ‹tap -ye›
1 (USA: faucet) (Englandic:
tap)
dŵr tap tap water, water from
the tap
agor y tap to turn on the tap (“open
the tap”)
rhoi’r tap i redeg turn the tap and
run the water (“put the tap to run”)
cau’r tap to turn off the tap
(“close the tap”)
tap dŵr oer ‹tap duur OIR› cold-water tap
tap dŵr poeth ‹tap duur POITH › hot-water tap
tap dŵr twym ‹tap duur
TUIM› hot-water tap
ETYMOLOGY: English tap, from Old
English.
Related words in other Germanic languages are
German der Zapfen (= bung, spigot);
Norwegian tapp (= bung, spiggot)
:_______________________________.
tap
:_______________________________.
tâp
:_______________________________.
tâp coch
:_______________________________.
tâp enw
:_______________________________.
tápestri
:_______________________________.
tap fideo
:_______________________________.
tap glynu
:_______________________________.
tapio
:_______________________________.
tapio
:_______________________________.
tapioca
:_______________________________.
tapio dawnsio
:_______________________________.
taplas
:_______________________________.
taplas gas
:_______________________________.
taplas groes
:_______________________________.
tapr
:_______________________________.
tapr Mair
:_______________________________.
ta pun
:_______________________________.
ta pun hynny
:_______________________________.
ta pwy
:_______________________________.
tâp ynysu ‹taap ə- nə
-si› masculine noun
1 (USA: friction tape) (Englandic: insulating tape)
ETYMOLOGY: “tape (of) insulating”; calque on English “insulating tape” (tâp = tape) + (ynysu = isolate, insulate)
:_______________________________.
tar ‹tar› masculine
noun
1 tar
tar coed wood tar
ETYMOLOGY: English tar < Old
English; a word related to tree
German has der Teer (= tar)
:_______________________________.
taradr, taradrau ‹TAA ra dər / TAA rad,
ta RA dre›
(masculine noun)
1 drill
:_______________________________.
Taradr
:_______________________________.
taradr y coed
:_______________________________.
taradru
:_______________________________.
táragon
:_______________________________.
taran, taranau ‹TAA-ran, ta-RAA-nai, -e› (masculine noun)
1 thunderclap (North Wales, standard Welsh)
mellt
a tharanau thunder and lightning (“lightning flashes and thunderclaps”)
blodyn
taranau red
campion (“flower (of) thunderclaps”)
:_______________________________.
Taran
:_______________________________.
taranau yn Rhagfyr, arwyddant dywydd deg
:_______________________________.
taranfollt,
taranfolltau ‹ta RAN volht, ta ran VOLH te› (feminine noun)
1 thunderbolt = wholly unexpected news, reply, etc;
y daranfollt the thunderbolt
fel taranfollt like a thunderbolt,
as a bombshell (of something shocking surprise...)
Daeth y newydd fel taranfollt The news came like a bombshell
Yr oedd y canlyniadau yn dipyn o
daranfollt The results were a bit of a bombshell
:_______________________________.
taranllyd ‹ta- ran -lhid› adjective
ETYMOLOGY: (taran = thunder) + (-llyd adjectival suffix (often
suggesting contempt)
:_______________________________.
taranog ‹ta-RAA-nog› adjective
1 thundery
ETYMOLOGY: (taran = thunder) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
taranu ‹ta-RAA-ni› (verb)
1 to thunder
2 taranu mynd go along at
a cracking pace, go at a good pace of knots (“to thunder + go”)
3 clec taran a clap of thunder
trwst taran a clap of thunder
:_______________________________.
tarawiad
:_______________________________.
Tarcwin Falch
:_______________________________.
tardd-
:_______________________________.
tarddell
:_______________________________.
tarddiad
:_______________________________.
tarddiant
:_______________________________.
tarddle
:_______________________________.
tarddlin
:_______________________________.
tarddu ‹TAR dhi› (verb)
1 to originate
2
(river) rise, originate, take its rise, flow from
Mae Afon Gwy yn tarddu ym Mynydd
Pumlumon The River Gwy (Wye) rises in the mountain of Pumlumon
3 (wound)
suppurate, ooze
mae’r clwyf yn dal i darddu the
wound is still oozing
4
sprout
:_______________________________.
taredru
:_______________________________.
Tarell ‹TA relh› (feminine noun)
1 river in the south-east
:_______________________________.
Tarennig
:_______________________________.
tarenydd
:_______________________________.
tarfu
:_______________________________.
targed
:_______________________________.
targedu
:_______________________________.
tarian, tariannau ‹TAR yan, tar
YA ne› (feminine or masculine
noun)
1 shield
y darian / y tarian the shield
2 (Sport) tarian geg
gumshield (“shield ‹of› mouth”)
3
(Bible) tarian iachawdwriaeth shield
of salvation
Samuel-2 22:36 Rhoddaist hefyd i mi
darian dy iachawdwriaeth; ac â’th fwynder y lluosogaist ti
Samuel-2 22:36 Thou hast also given me the shield of thy salvation: and thy
gentleness hath made me great.
4
tarian rhag terfysg riot shield
:_______________________________.
tariandir
:_______________________________.
Tariandir Cánada
:_______________________________.
Tarian y Gweithiwr
:_______________________________.
tario
:_______________________________.
tarmac
:_______________________________.
tarmacadam
:_______________________________.
tarmacadamwr
:_______________________________.
taro ‹TA ro› (verb)
1 hit, strike
2 Thrawodd erioed yn ’y mhen
It had never occurred to me (“it never struck in my head”)
3 taro ar ddyddiau drwg
fall on hard times
Tarodd ar ddyddiau drwg he fell on
hard times
4 taro enw ar restr write
a name in a register
5 pan oedd y taro boethaf
when the battle was at its height, at its most intense (“when the striking was
hottest”)
6 taro dros ryddid strike
a blow for freedom
7 mynd yn daro (argument)
end up in a fight (“become striking”)
Aeth yn daro A fight broke out, it
all ended in a fight
Aeth yn daro gwyllt All hell broke
lose, blows fell thick and fast
8 taro (rhywun) i’r dim suit down to the ground
Byddai’r
tyddyn yn ei daro i'r dim o ran maint a rhent
The smallholding would suit him
down to the ground as regards its size and the rent
9 rhwystr taro crash
barrier (“obstacle (of) colliding / hitting”)
10 place, stick, put
taro blodyn yn ei dwll botwm to
stick a flower in his button hole
11 taro’ch troed ar (rywbeth)
stumble over, trip over (“hit your foot on”)
12 taro yn eich talcen
quash, knock for six (“hit in your forehesad”)
Tarawyd y syniad y ei dalcen The
idea was quashed
13 (South-east Wales) mewn
taro budr in great haste
14 taro eich pig i mewn (i
rywbeth) stick your nose into something (“hit / strike your nose...”)
15 taro bargen strike a deal, strike a bargain
Ni thrawyd mo’r fargen The deal didn’t come off, The deal fell through
16
ei tharo hi ar ei chlopa hit the
nail on its head (“hit it on its head”)
taro’r hoelen ar ei phen hit the
nail on its head
17
taro eich troed wrth garreg ub your
foot on a stone (stub - cause to strike accidentally)
:_______________________________.
taro ar
:_______________________________.
taro (rhywbeth) ar ei dalcen
:_______________________________.
taro cytundeb
:_______________________________.
taroden
:_______________________________.
taro deuddeg
:_______________________________.
taro entrew
:_______________________________.
taro deuddeg
:_______________________________.
taro deutrew
:_______________________________.
taro ergyd
:_______________________________.
taro hoelen go egr ar ei phen
:_______________________________.
taro fel ton ar graig
:_______________________________.
taro fflat
:_______________________________.
taro gair bach a
:_______________________________.
taro gwaed
:_______________________________.
taro i
:_______________________________.
taro + i ffwrdd
:_______________________________.
taro i lawr
:_______________________________.
taro i mewn
:_______________________________.
taro i'r byw
:_______________________________.
taro llygad ar
:_______________________________.
taro'r fargen ar ei law
:_______________________________.
taro'r haearn tra fo'n boeth
:_______________________________.
taro rhech
:_______________________________.
taro'r hoel ar ei chlopa
:_______________________________.
taro tant
:_______________________________.
taro to
:_______________________________.
taro untrew
:_______________________________.
taro ymláen
:_______________________________.
taro yn atgas ar
:_______________________________.
taro yn chwithig
:_______________________________.
taro yn dda
:_______________________________.
taro yn ei ben
:_______________________________.
taro yn erbyn
:_______________________________.
taro yn ôl
:_______________________________.
tarpolin
:_______________________________.
tarren, tarrenydd ‹TA ren, ta RE
nidh› (feminine noun)
1 mountainside, hill slope, rocky slope
y darren the slope
1 Y Darren name of a farm above the
village of Rhisga (county of Caerffili). By it is Coed y Darren (‘wood belonging to Darren farm’)
2 See the place names below Darren
Ddu, Darren Fach, Darren Fawr, Darren Felen, Darren Las,
Darren Lwyd, etc
3 in south-eastern Welsh an [e] in the final syllable becomes [a] - darren > darran
Though the general rule in writing place names is to use the standard Welsh
form, that is, Darren, there are
instances of Darran throughout the
south-east.
..a/ Y Darran district of Rhisga
(county of Caerffili), where there is also “Darran Road” on English maps (which
would be Heol y Darran in Welsh).
The district name seems to be from the name of a farm up above it on the
hillside, on maps as Y Darren. Next
to the farm is Coed y Darren
(“hillside wood” or “wood by Y Darren farm”)
..b/ Aberpennar (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (“Darran Road” on English maps,
which would be Heol y Darran in
Welsh).
(3) Y Maendy, Caer-dydd (“Darran Street” on English maps, which would be Heol y Darran in Welsh).
(4) Glynrhedynnog (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (“Darran Road” on English maps,
which would be Rhestr y Darran, in
Welsh)
(5) Y Darran name of a farm in
Lôn-las (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) There is also “Darran Wood” on English maps (“hillside wood” or
“wood by Y Darran farm”) This would be Coed
y Darran, in Welsh)
There are two nearby street names - “Darran Park” and “Darran Close” on English
maps – which would be Parc y Darran
and Clos y Darran in Welsh.
.
(6) “Darran Park”, on English maps, is the name of a street in the north of
Pont-y-pridd (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) This would be Parc y Darran in Welsh.
:_______________________________.
Tarrenhendre
:_______________________________.
Tarren y Bwllfa
:_______________________________.
Tarren y Gesail ‹ta ren ə
GE sel› (feminine noun)
1 SH7005 ‘slope of the recess’ (Abergynolwyn, Gwynedd)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/713132
:_______________________________.
Tarrenhendre ‹ta
ren HEN dre› (feminine noun)
1 ‘slope of the winter farm’
:_______________________________.
tartarig
:_______________________________.
tarten, tartennau / tartenni ‹TAR
ten, tar TE ne / tar TE ni›
(feminine noun)
1 tart
y darten = the tart
:_______________________________.
tarten afalau
:_______________________________.
tarten bwmpen
:_______________________________.
tarten fach
:_______________________________.
tarten 'fale
:_______________________________.
tarten riwbob
:_______________________________.
tarth, tarthoedd ‹TARTH, TAR thidh›
(masculine noun)
1 mist, vapour
2
arogldarth incense
(arogl- stem of aroglu = to give off a smell or scent) + soft mutation + (tarth = mist, vapour)
:_______________________________.
tarthu
:_______________________________.
tarw, teirw ‹TA ru, TEI ru› (masculine noun)
1 bull
2
gwerthu’r fuwch i brynu tarw to rob
Peter to bay Paul (“sell the cow to buy a bull”)
ETYMOLOGY: Celtic. Related words (their similarity is apparent in the consonant
sequence t-r) are Latin taurus (= bull), English steer (= castrated ox, castrated bull)
Tarw
:_______________________________.
tarwaidd
:_______________________________.
tarw du Cymreig
:_______________________________.
tarw dur ‹TAA-ru DIIR› masculine noun
PLURAL teirw dur ‹TEI-ru DIIR›
1 bulldozer
trac wedi ei wneud â tharw
dur a bulldozed track, a
track made by a bulldozer
ETYMOLOGY: “bull (of) steel”,
“steel bull” (tarw= bull) + (dur = steel)
:_______________________________.
tarwden
:_______________________________.
tarw potel
:_______________________________.
Tarw Sgotsh
:_______________________________.
tas, tasau /
teisi ‹TAAS, TA se / TEI si›
(feminine noun)
1 pile, stack
y das = the stack
Y Das SO1932 name of a mountain in Llanelieu, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/343969
2 tas wair, tasau gwair ‹taas
WAIR, ta se GWAIR› haystack
y das wair = the haystack
:_______________________________.
tasa
:_______________________________.
tase
:_______________________________.
tasel
:_______________________________.
taselog
:_______________________________.
taselu
:_______________________________.
tasg, tasgau ‹TASK,
TA ske› (feminine noun)
1 task
y dasg = the task
Doedd neb ohonynt yn sylweddoli hyd a
lled y dasg None of them realised the enormity of the task
2
gwneud cyfiawnder â’r dasg rise to
the occasion, be up to the job (“do justice to the task”)
:_______________________________.
tasgiad ‹task-yad › masculine noun
PLURAL tasgiadau ‹task- yâ -de›
1 splash
ETYMOLOGY: (tasg- stem of tasgu = to splash) + (-i-ad abstract noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
tasglu
:_______________________________.
tasgmon
:_______________________________.
tasgu
:_______________________________.
tasgu
:_______________________________.
tast
:_______________________________.
tasta
:_______________________________.
tasu
:_______________________________.
ta ta
:_______________________________.
taten, tatws / tatw ‹TA ten, TA
tus / TA tu› (feminine noun)
1 potato
y daten = the potato
2 to express the least amount
’sdim taten o ots ’da fi I couldn’t give a damn
(nid + oes + dim + taten + o + ots + gyda +
fi) (“there is not a potato of difference with
me”)
:_______________________________.
Tathan
:_______________________________.
tato
:_______________________________.
tato a llaeth enwyn
:_______________________________.
tatsio
:_______________________________.
tatw ‹TA tu› (plural
noun) ‹(plural form)
1 See: taten ‹TA-ten› = potato
:_______________________________.
tatŵ
:_______________________________.
tatw pum munud
:_______________________________.
tatŵedig ‹ta tu EE dig› (adjective)
1 tattooed
:_______________________________.
tatws ‹TA
tus› (plural noun) ‹(plural form) See: taten ‹TA-ten› = potato
:_______________________________.
tatws llaeth
:_______________________________.
tatws 'menyn
:_______________________________.
tatws stwnsh ‹ta tus STUNSH› (plural noun) (North Wales)
1 mashed potatoes
:_______________________________.
tau
:_______________________________.
TAU
:_______________________________.
..1 taw
(conjunction)
1 that-it-is
Gwn taw ef yw’r dyn ‹gun tau EEV iur DIIN› I know it’s him, (“I know that-it-is he who-is the
man”)
Mae’n debyg taw ar ail drên y bore y bydda i’n ymadael yfory
Probably I’ll be leaving on the second train in the morning
tomorrow (“that-it-is on the second train that I shall be leaving”)
:_______________________________.
..2 taw ‹tau › masculine noun
1 silence
rhoi taw ar shut (someone) up; (“put
silence on”)
rhoi taw ar eich piser chi shut
someone up (“put silence on your pitcher”)
arian taw hush money, a bribe to buy
somebody’s silence (“money (of) silence”)
2 does daw (of a
never-ending list) there’s no end (to it)
Ar enwi ei gynnyrch does daw (line
from a ballad) there’s no end to naming his products, no end to the list of
things he made
3 rhoi taw arni
shut up, put a sock in it
Rho daw arni!
Shut up! Put a sock in it!
4 Does dim taw arno fe,
(South) ’Oos ’m taw arno fe
He never shuts up (“there’s no silence on him”)
5 Does dim taw ar ei glep e,
(North) Toes ’na ddim taw ar ‘i glep o
He never shuts up (“there’s no silence on his prattle”)
6 Taw a’i piau hi / Taw piau hi don’t breathe a word to a
soul, mum’s the word
(“(it is) silence which owns it”)
Colloquially (South) Taw pia ’i
ETYMOLOGY: taw < British.
Breton tav (= silence)
:_______________________________.
taw
:_______________________________.
TAW
:_______________________________.
taw-
:_______________________________.
ta waeth am hynny
:_______________________________.
tawch
:_______________________________.
tawchlyd
:_______________________________.
tawdd ‹TAUDH› (adjective)
1 molten
metel tawdd molten metal
haearn tawdd molten iron
dur tawdd molten steel
plwm tawdd molten lead
pres tawdd molten brass
brons tawdd molten bronze
ETYMOLOGY: tawdd is tawdd-, the stem of the verb toddi (= to melt) used as a past participle
(= melted, molten)
:_______________________________.
tawdd
1 molten; stem of the
verb toddi = melt, smelt
:_______________________________.
tawddgyffur ‹taudh- gə
-fir› masculine noun
PLURAL tawddgyffuron ‹taudd-gə- fî
-ron›
1
suppository
ETYMOLOGY: ‘melting drug’
(tawdd, stem of toddi =
to melt) + soft mutation + (cyffur = drug)
:_______________________________.
taw di, taw dithau, ebe'r
atsain
:_______________________________.
Tawe
1
river in south-east Wales
Abertawe “(the) estuary (of) (the) Tawe (river)” Swansea
Cwm Tawe “(the) valley (of) (the) Tawe (river)” “Swansea Valley”
Pontardawe “(the) bridge on (the) Tawe (river)”
:_______________________________.
tawed a dawo, ni thaw atsain
:_______________________________.
tawedog
:_______________________________.
tawedogrwydd
:_______________________________.
tawed y callaf
:_______________________________.
tawel ‹TAU el› (adjective)
1 quiet
2 Brodawel ‹broo- dau-el› street name in Porthtywyn / Burry Port (county of
Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen) (spelt as “Brodawel”) bro dawel “tranquil
area” (bro = area, district) + soft mutation + (tawel =
quiet, tranquil, calm)
:_______________________________.
tawel a di-ffys
:_______________________________.
tawel eich llais
:_______________________________.
tawel eich meddwl
1 calm, unperturbed
ETYMOLOGY: (calm) + (your) + (mind)
:_______________________________.
tawel eich natur
1 calm-natured
ci tawel ei natur a calm-natured
dog, a dog with a calm nature
ETYMOLOGY: (calm) + (your) + (nature)
:_______________________________.
Tawelfan ‹tau-el-van› feminine
noun
1 house name
2 street in Ffosygerddinen (county of Caerffili)
3 locality in Cwmgïedd
ETYMOLOGY: (= tranquil place) (tawel = tranquil, quiet) + soft
mutation + (man = place)
:_______________________________.
Tawelfryn ‹tau-EL-vrin›
feminine noun
1 house name
2 used as a middle name: C. Tawelfryn Thomas, Methodist
minister (1880-1926).
(Probably from a house name Bryntawel, with the elements reversed)
ETYMOLOGY: (= tranquil hill) (tawel = tranquil, quiet) + soft
mutation + (bryn = hill)
:_______________________________.
tawelu
1 to
calm
ymdawelu to calm down (“calm oneself”)
:_______________________________.
tawelu'r dyfroedd
1 to
calm the waters
:_______________________________.
tawelwch ‹tau E lukh› (masculine noun)
1 quietness
Daw tawelwch ar ôl storm There comes
a calm after a storm
:_______________________________.
tawelydd
:_______________________________.
tawelyddol
:_______________________________.
tawlfwrdd
:_______________________________.
tawlu
:_______________________________.
tawn-i
:_______________________________.
tawn-i byth o'r fan!
:_______________________________.
tawn-i'n apeb y farn!
:_______________________________.
tawn-i heb ffoi o'r fan yma!
:_______________________________.
tawn-i'n clemio
:_______________________________.
tawn-i'n glem
:_______________________________.
tawn-i'n llwgu = tawn-i'n marw
:_______________________________.
tawn-i'n marw
:_______________________________.
taw piau hi
:_______________________________.
taw piau-hi'n wir - adre cyn nos, ynte
:_______________________________.
tawr
:_______________________________.
Tb
:_______________________________.
T.C. ‹tii EK›
1 abbreviation for Trefnyddion Calfinaidd Calvanistic Methodists (mainly 1800s)
Nowadays Methodistiaid
Calfinaidd
This
abbreviation T.C. is to be seen in this photo of Tarsus, an
abandoned chapel in Y Penrhyn SH8517, Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/506353
:_______________________________.
te ‹TEE› (masculine noun)
1 tea
cwpanaid o de (literary form) a cup of tea
paned o de a cup of tea
panad o de (North-west) a cup of tea
dysglaid o de (literary form of a southern expression) a cup of tea
dishgled o de (south-west) a cup of tea
dishglad o de (south-east) a cup of tea
2 deilen de plural dail te tea leaf
helygen dail-te (Salix
phylicifolia) tea-leaved willow
3 cist de tea chest = large wooden box in
which tea is transported and stored; this type of large wooden box reused (or a
box similar in size and shape) for other purposes; generally for storing
things, and for transporting objects on moving house
(cist = coffer) + soft mutation + (te = tea)
:_______________________________.
te ‹te ›
1 then
Also ’te. See ynteu
Nawr te Now then
:_______________________________.
te biff ‹te
BIIF› (masculine noun)
1 beef tea
:_______________________________.
’tebol ‹tê
-bol›
1 (North Wales)
..a/ (health) in good shape, well;
..b/ able, capable
ETYMOLOGY: (a clipped form of atebol)
’tebol < atebol
:_______________________________.
tebot ‹te
-bot› masculine noun
PLURAL tebotau ‹te-bo-te›
1 teapot
2 cap tebot tea cosy
3 spout (kettle, etc)
pig tebot the spout of a teapot
pig y tebot the spout of the teapot
4 (Englishism)
sbowt tebot the spout of a teapot,
sbowt y tebot the spout of the
teapot
5 cap tebot tea cosy
6 tea-swiller, person who drinks a lot of tea
ETYMOLOGY: English teapot < (tea) + (pot)
NOTE: (South-east Wales) tepot (in
this part of Wales ‹b› initially in the final consonont is devoiced
to ‹p›
:_______________________________.
tebycach ‹te- bə
-kakh› adjective
1 more similar, more like; more likely; comparative form of the
adjective tebyg
NOTE: (tebyg = similar, alike) + (-ach comparative suffix); tebýg-ach
> tebycach, with change of g > c as a result of the
influence of the superlative form tebycaf
:_______________________________.
tebycaf ‹te-bə-kav› adjective
1 most similar, most like; superlative form of the adjective tebyg
NOTE: (tebyg = similar, alike) + (-haf superlative suffix); tebýg-haf
> tebycaf
Colloquially, words of more than one syllable lose a final ‹v›; tebycaf
> tebyca
:_______________________________.
tebyg ‹TEE
big› (adjective)
1 similar
2 bod yn debycach i chi eich
hun unwaith eto become your old self again, regain vitality (“be more
similar to you yourself once again”)
3
mwya'r tebyg most likely, more than
likely
(“(the) greatest (of) the likelihood”)
(mwya colloquial froma of mwyaf = biggest, greatest, most) + (’r < yr definite article) + (tebyg
= probability, likelihood)
4 ni + gweld + ddim o’i debyg never see its like
Am felltith weles i ddim o’i debyg e I’ve never seen such a badly-behaved
boy before (“for a badly-behaved boy I never saw anything of his like of-him”)
:_______________________________.
tecáu ‹te KAI› (verb)
1 (weather) to clear up
ETYMOLOGY: (teg = fair) + (-háu verb suffix) > teg-háu
> tecáu (g-h > c)
:_______________________________.
tecil ‹TE kil›
1 kettle
2
y tecil yn galw tinddu ar y crochan the
pot calling the kettle black
(“the kettle calling black-arse on the cooking pot”, the kettle saying that the
cooking pot has got a black bottom)
ETYMOLOGY: English tea-kettle
Cf Jersey Norman (Jèrriais) ticl’ye (= kettle) < English tea-kettle
:_______________________________.
teclyn clywed ‹te –klin klə-wed› masculine noun
PLURAL taclau
clywed ‹ta –kle klə-wed›
1
hearing aid
ETYMOLOGY: (“device (of) hearing”) (teclyn
= device) + (clywed = hearing)
:_______________________________.
Tecwyn ‹TEK win› (masculine noun)
1 man’s name
:_______________________________.
Tèd ‹TED› (masculine noun)
1 man’s name -
Ted (pet form of Edward)
:_______________________________.
Tedi (= Tèdi) ‹TE di› (masculine noun)
1 man’s name - Teddy (pet form of Edward)
:_______________________________.
tedi, tedis (= tèdi) ‹TE di, TE dis› (masculine noun)
1 teddy (= teddy bear)
:_______________________________.
Tefeidiad
1 (SO1284) Afon Tefeidiad
river in the district of Maesyfed (county of Powys)
English name: Teme
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1284
source of the river
Dyffryn Tefeidiad the valley of the
river Tefeidiad
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/700415
Llanfair Dyffryn Tefeidiad SO2476 a
village in this valley, over the border in England (in English as “Llanfair
Waterdine”).
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO2476
The Welsh name means “Llanfair
(of) (the( valley (of) Tefeidiad”, that is, “the Llanfair which is in
the valley of the Tefeidiad river”;
Llanfair (‘the church of Saint Mary’) is very common in Welsh village names,
and is distinguished from other places of the
same name with a tag.
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
teflyn ‹tev -lin› masculine noun
PLURAL teflynnau
‹tev- lə -ne›
1 projectile
ETYMOLOGY: (tafl- = stem of taflu = to throw) + (-yn suffix for forming masculine
nouns); with vowel affection a > e as a result of the y in the final syllable
:_______________________________.
teg ‹teeg› adjective
1 fair, comely, handsome,
pleasing to the eye
teg yr olwg fair to see, pleasing to
the eye (“fair (of) the sight”)
y rhyw deg the fair sex, women,
womankind
glandeg pretty
(glân = pretty, fair, beautiful) +
soft mutation + (teg = pretty, fair,
beautiful)
2 (weather) fine
ar dywydd teg in good weather, when
the weather’s fine
ar Sabothau teg yr haf on Sundays in
the summers when the weather was fine
Coch i fyny teg yfory Red sky at
night, shepherd’s delight (“red up, fair tomorrow”) if the sky is red at
sunset, tomorrow will be a fine day
cynaeafu tra bo’n dywydd deg make
hay while the sun shines, make the most of an opportunity
Nid yn y bore mae canmol diwrnod teg (“it-is-not in the morning that-there-is (the)
praising (of) a fair day”), that is, the weather in the morning may be fine and
sunny, but the afternoon may bring rain.
A favourable
situation may suddenly change, wait and see what happens in the long run.
3 fair = just, right
annhêg unfair (an + nasal mutation + teg)
gallu dweud yn deg fod... can say
without fear of contradiction
Dyw hi ddim yn deg! It's not fair!
Dyw hynna ddim yn deg That's not
fair!
rhannu’n deg share and share alike,
share out fairly
cyfnewid teg fair exchange
4 (price) reasonable, fair
5 teg pob hardd fine feathers make fine
birds, attractive clothing makes an attractive person / an attractive
appearance makes an attractive object (“(it is) fair every beautiful (thing)”)
6 fair = impartial, just, even-handed
teg a chymwys right and fair
Teg dweud fod... It’s fair to say
that...
7 Gwynt teg ar ei ôl Good riddance to him (“a good wind behind him” –
that is to say may a good wind fill his-her sails and take him-her away
speedily). Compare the equivalent Catalan expression “bon vent i barca nova” –
a good wind and a new boat.
8 oedran teg ripe old age
byw i oedran teg live to a ripe old
age
mewn oedran teg advanced in years
(“in a fair age”)
Er mewn oedran teg dalia Mr Edwards i
gerdded deng milltir bob dydd
Although he’s well on in years Mr Edwards continues to walk ten miles every day
Fe welodd oedran teg He had a long
life, he lived to a ripe old age (“he saw a fair life”)
9 yn deg (adverb) = very
much
Roedd wedi gwylltu yn deg He was
really angry
10 deg (adverb) very
ara deg slowly, very slowly
11 yn deg (indicating
maximum extent) very
Ar y gwaelod yn deg yr oedd y dillad
gwely
The bed clothes were at the very bottom (of the bed)
12 total
Damwain deg oedd hi
It was a complete accident, It was a total accident
13 examples of place names (house names, street names, village
names):
..1/ Afon-deg
“(the) fair river”. House name
..2/ Anedd-deg “(the)
fair house”. House name
..3/ Berllan-deg
“(the) fair orchard” (< y berllan deg
< y + perllan deg)
..4/ Bro-deg ‘(the) fair country’; a
street name in Aber-dâr (though one might expect Y Fro-deg with the definite
artice, or Fro-deg with the definite article understood)
..5/ Bron-deg ‘fair hillside’, street name in Dyserth, Y
Rhyl (though one might expect Y Fron-deg with the definite artice, or Fron-deg
with the definite article understood)
..6/ Bryn-teg ‘(the) fair hill’ Name
of various places – e.g. SJ3052 locality in the county of Wrecsam; also with
the elements reversed Tegfryn (teg + soft mutation ‹b›
> ‹v› + bryn)
..7/ Bwthyn-teg
“(the) fair cottage”. House name.
..8/ Cae-teg ‘fair field’
In Llandysilio, by Clunderwen in the county of Penfro, there is a Ffordd
Cae-teg (“Ffordd Cae Teg”)
..9/ Coed-teg ‘fair wood’
Farm in Baecolwyn / Colwyn Bay (Conwy) (“Coed Teg”)
..10/ Cwm-teg ‘fair valley’ locality in Llan-giwg, Street name (“Cwm
Teg”) in Hen Golwyn, Baecolwyn.
..11/ Dderwen-deg ‘fair oak’. House name.
..12/ Derwen-deg ‘fair oak’, street name in Pontardawe (county of
Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (though one might expect Y Dderwen-deg with the
definite artice, or Dderwen-deg with the definite article understood)
..13/ Fedwen-deg
‘(the) fair birch tree’. House name. (< y fedwen deg < y + bedwen deg)
..14/ Fron-deg < y fron deg ‘the
fair hillside’, (< y bron deg < y + fron deg)
SJ2848 “Frondeg Hall”, north-west of Talwrn, county of Y Fflint
(The Welsh name would be Plas-y-fron-deg or Plas-fron-deg)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2848
Plas-fron-deg (“Plas Fron Deg”) House in Llandudno
..15/ Gelli-deg “(the) fair wood”
SO0207 locality in Merthyrtudful
Hafan-deg house name and street name
“fair haven” (hafan = haven) + soft
mutation + (teg = fair)
..16/ Glyn-teg
(“fair valley”) house name in Bangor (Gwynedd) (spelt as “Glyn Teg”)
..17/ Golwg-deg
/ Golwg Deg (“fair view”) street in Waun-ceirch, Castell-nedd (spelt as
“Golwg Deg”)
(golwg = view) + soft mutation + (teg = fair)
..18/ Hafan-deg ‘fair
haven”
Street name in Pen-coed (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (“Hafan Deg”)
..19/ Heol-deg ‘fair street”
Street name in Ton-teg (county of Rhondda Cynon
Taf) (spelt as “Heol Deg”)
..20/ Llain-deg ‘fair strip” (llain =
slang, narrow strip of land), Street name in Bethesda (“Llain Deg”) and Y Bala
(“Llain Deg”)
..21/ Llannerch-deg ‘fair clearing’,
House name. Sometimes with Llannerch misspelt as “llanerch”.
..22/ Llwyn-teg ‘fair
grove, fair wood’
Name of a care home in Llanfyllin, Powys
..23/ Lôn-deg ‘fair lane’ (“Lôn Deg”)
Name of a care home in Caergybi / Holyhead (Ynys Môn)
..24/ Maes-teg ‘(the) fair field’
SS8591 town in the county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
..25/ Man-teg
‘(the) fair place’ Found as a house name e.g. Pen-twyn, Rhesolfen
This name with the elements reversed: Tegfan
..26/ Nant-teg
‘(the) fair valley’. House name
..27/ Onnen-deg
‘(the) fair ash tree’. House name.
..28/ Pant-teg Name of various
places – e.g. ST2898 by Pont-y-pŵl, in the county of Torfaen (“(the) fair
hollow”), house in Llanfair Clydogau, etc
..29/ Plas-teg
‘(the) fair mansion’. Name of a mansion built c.1610 near Yr Wtddgrud / Mold
..30/ Pren-teg ‘(the) fair tree’
SH5841 locality in Gwynedd, 3km north-east of Porthmadog (though it seems to be
an alteration of an earlier name)
..31/ Rhos-deg ‘(the) fair moorland’ SH5417 farm near Maes-y-bont
(Caerfyrddin)
..32/ Rhyd-deg ‘(the) fair ford’
SH5417 house near Maes-y-bont (Caerfyrddin)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/573737
..33/ Talar-deg street name in
Llanilar (county of Ceredigion) (“Talar Deg”)
(“fair headland / cross-ridge ‹in a ploughed field›”)
(talar = cross-ridge) + soft mutation + (teg = fair)
..34/ Tegannedd (qv) (= fair abode, attractive
dwelling-place)
..35/ Tegfan (qv) (= fair place, attractive place)
..36/ Tegfryn (qv) house
name in Ton-teg, county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf, south-east Wales;
..37/ Tegfynydd (qv) (house name in Bangor, Gwynedd) (= fair
mountain)
..38/ Teglan (= fair hill)
..39/ Teglwyn Name of a house in Ffos-y-ffin, Ceredigion (= fair
grove)
..40/ Tegwel (qv) (= fair view)
..41/ Ton-teg ‘(the) fair grassland’
..a/ ST0986 locality in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf, south-east Wales
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST0986
..b/ street name in Pen-coed (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (“Ton Teg”)
..42/ Twyn-teg “(the) fair hill”
street name in Bryn-coch, Castell-nedd
..43/ Tyle-teg “(the) fair hill”
street name in Porthtywyn / Burry Port (Caerfyrddin)
..44/
Waun-deg “(the) fair heath”. House name.
..45/ Wernos-deg
Wernas-deg locality in Beddgelert
(county of Gwynedd) < y wernos deg (“fair
small alders”)
..46/ Ynys-deg ‹ə-nis deeg›
1 house name in
Bancyfelin (county of Caerfyrddin)
2 street name in Ton-du (county
of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (spelt as “Ynysdeg”)
“fair island / fair meadow”
(ynys = island; riverside meadow) + soft mutation + (teg
= fair)
14 Ara’ deg piau hi
Don’t get het up! Keep calm! (“slow fair has it”)
15 Hafod-decaf (qv) Street name (“Hafod Decaf”) in Y Pil (county of
Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
Originally the name of a summer farm
“yr hafod decaf” (“(the) fairest summer-farm”)
In fact, a distortion of Hafodwgan
“hafod Wgan” (“(the) summer-farm (of) Gwgan (= man’s name)”)
(See“HAFOD and HAFOTY in Welsh Place-names” / Melville Richards)
16 tegan toy
(teg = fair, pretty) + (-an diminutive suffix added to an
adjective to form a noun)
See also Tegannedd, Tegfan, Tegwedd, Tegwel, Tegwen, Tegwyn
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh < British
From the same British root: Cornish teg
(= fair)
:_______________________________.
Tèg ‹teg› m
1 short form of Tegwyn or Tegwen, or any other male or female name
beginning with Teg- (Tegwel, etc)
:_______________________________.
Tegai ‹TEE-gai› f
1 woman’s
name
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently Tegai (= Tégai) < Tegai (= Tegái), patron of Llandegái
(though today the more correct name Llandygái is used, and the saint was
male
Dygái is (dy = your; thy; used as a prefix to create
hypochoristic names) + soft mutation + (Cai = male forename)
A short distance south from Penrhyn is Llandegai, whose patron (Tegai)
was brother to Llechid, patroness of the adjoining parish.
Beaumaris Bay: The Shores of the
Menai, and the Interior of Snowdonia; Scenery Unrivalled in its Comprehensive
Variety, The Interesting Objects which it includes, and the Sublime Prominence
of its Features. Richard Llwyd. 1832
:_______________________________.
tegaidd ‹te-gedh› adj
1 beautiful, pretty
2 pleasant, agreeable
3 (weather) fine
tegeiddio clear up, get fine
ETYMOLOGY: (teg = fair, pretty) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
tegan ‹ te-gan› masculine noun
PLURAL teganau
‹ te- gâ -ne›
1 toy = plaything, object for playing with
2 toy = nonfunctioning replica,
miniature
3 toy (attribute)
dryll tegan toy gun
gwn tegan toy gun
ETYMOLOGY: (teg = fair, pretty)
+ (-an diminutive suffix added to an
adjective to form a noun)
Cf Cornish tegenn (= trinket,
jewel), with the suffix -enn
corresponding to Welsh -en
:_______________________________.
Tegannedd ‹
teg- a-nedh›
1
house name, Corwen
2 house name, Llan Ffestiniog (Gwynedd)
3 house name, Y Waun-fawr (Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: “fair abode” (teg = fair)
+ (annedd = abode)
:_______________________________.
teganu ‹
te- gâ -ni› verb
1
(county of Ceredigion) indulge, spoil (a child)
cael gormod o’ch teganu get too much
attention (“get too much of your indulging”)
ETYMOLOGY: (tegan = toy) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
tegeiddio ‹ te-geidh-yo› verb
1 (North-west) (weather) clear up, get
fine
mae’r tywydd yn tegeiddio drachefn The weather’s clearing up again
ETYMOLOGY: (tegaidd = fine) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
(-ai > -ei before the i in the
last syllable)
NOTE: Colloquial form: tegiddio (ei in the tonic syllable > i)
Also tygiddio (e > y)
:_______________________________.
Tegeingl ‹te GEI ngəl› (feminine noun)
1 (History) name of a hundred in the country of Gwynedd Is Conwy
:_______________________________.
tegell, tegelli
/ tegellau ‹TE gelh, te GE lhi / lhe› (masculine noun)
1 kettle
2 y tegell yn galw tinddu ar y crochan the
pot calling the kettle black
(“the kettle calling black-arse on the cooking pot”, the kettle saying that the
cooking pot has got a black bottom)
Used to point out that somebody is accusing another person of faults or defects
which he / she himself has
:_______________________________.
Tegfan ‹TEG-van›
1 house name
Name of a house in Bangor (Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: “fair place” (teg = fair)
+ soft mutation + (man = place)
:_______________________________.
Tegfryn ‹teg-vrin›
1 house name in Ton-teg, county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf,
south-east Wales
2 Heol Tegfryn street in Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
ETYMOLOGY: “fair hill” (teg =
fair) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill)
:_______________________________.
Tegfynydd ‹teg-VƏN-idh ›
1 street name in Glynyswistir / Swiss Valley, Llanelli, county of
Caerfyrddin
ETYMOLOGY: “fair highland” (teg =
fair) + soft mutation + (mynydd = upland, highland, mountain)
:_______________________________.
Tegid ‹tê -gid› masculine
noun
1
man’s name = Tacitus.
Bro Tegid ((“the”)
district (of) Tegid”) - the district around Llyn Tegid
Llyn Tegid (qv) ‘the lake of Tegid’,
name of a lake by Y Bala, county of Gwynedd
Ysgol Bro Tegid (“school (of) Bro
Tegid”) name of a primary school in the town of Y Bala
ETYMOLOGY: Probably Welsh Tegid <
British Takit- < Latin Tacitus
NOTE: Used as an epithet in the pseudonyms of some poets in the 1800s, it is now
occasionally found as a first name. The forename usually indicates a connection
with the area around Llyn Tegid.
:_______________________________.
Teglwyn ‹TEG-luin›
1 Name of a
house in Ffos-y-ffin, Ceredigion
ETYMOLOGY: “fair grove” (teg = fair)
+ soft mutation + (llwyn = grove)
:_______________________________.
Tegwedd ‹TEG
wedh› (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name
ETYMOLOGY: “fair countenance” (teg
= fair, pretty) + soft mutation + (gwedd
= countenance, look, appearance, mien)
:_______________________________.
tegwel ‹teg
-wel›
1 Tegwel woman’s name (‘fair aspect’)
2 Tegwel man’s name
3 Tegwel place name,
‘Fair Prospect’, ‘Belvedere’
Botegwel (house name) (“house with a
splendid view”)
(= Bod Degwel < (bod = house) + soft mutation + (tegwel fair appearance, fair view). The
combination d-d, where the second d is a soft mutation of t, generally becomes t)
ETYMOLOGY: (teg = fair) + soft
mutation + (gwêl view, aspecte; stem
of gweld / gweled = to see)
:_______________________________.
Tegwen ‹TEG
wen› (feminine noun)
1 female forename
Short form: Tèg
ETYMOLOGY: “fair, pretty” (teg
= fair, pretty) + (-wen suffix used in forming female names, in fact the
soft mutated form of gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white)
:_______________________________.
Tegwyn ‹TEG
win› (feminine noun)
1 male forename
Short form: Tèg
ETYMOLOGY: “fair, handsome” (teg
= fair) + (-wyn suffix used in forming male names, in fact the soft
mutated form of gwyn = white)
:_______________________________.
tegyll ‹TE
gilh› (plural noun) ‹(plural form)
See: tegell ‹TE-gelh›
:_______________________________.
tei, teis ‹TEI,
TEIS› (masculine or feminine
noun)
1 tie (North: m, South: f)
y tei / y dei the tie
:_______________________________.
teiau <TEI-ai,
-e> [ˡtəɪaɪ, -ɛ]
1
houses, plural of tŷ (= house). The usual plural form is tai <TAI> [taɪ]
Sant
Marc 8:3 Ac os gollyngaf hwynt ymaith ar eu cythlwng i’w teiau eu hunain,
hwy a lewygant ar y ffordd: canys rhai ohonynt a ddaeth o bell.
Saint Mark 8:3 Ac os gollyngaf hwynt ymaith ar eu cythlwng i’w teiau eu hunain,
hwy a lewygant ar y ffordd: canys rhai ohonynt a ddaeth o bell.
ETYMOLOGY: In fact a double
plural form (tei-, penult form of tai = houses, < tŷ
= house) + (-au plural suffix)
:_______________________________.
teida <TEI-da› [ˡtəɪda] (m)
1 (North Wales) Diminutive form of taid (= grandfather); granddad
ETYMOLOGY: (teid-, penult form of taid = grandfather) +
(-a diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
teidi ‹TEI di› ( adj)
1 tidy = neat, ordered
2 tidy = substantial
o faint eitha teidi of quite a size
gwneud elw teidi make a tidy profit
swm eitha teidi quite a tidy amount (of money)
3 tidy = satisfactory, adequate
amhosib cael rhywbeth teidi am lai na hanner canpunt y noson
impossible to get anywhere decent / satisfactory for less than fifty pounds
a nught
4 respectable, decent, good
bachan teidi “tidy lad”, decent lad, good lad
ETYMOLOGY:
English tidy (=1 neat, tidy, ordered; 2 substantial; 3 satisfactory,
adequate)
< Middle English tidi (= timely, opportune; in season, seasonable;
good),
(tide = time) + (-y adjectival suffix)
Dutch tijdig.(= timely;
early; in good time)
A Glossary of Dialect
and Archaic words used in the County of Giloucester. Compiled by J.D.
Robertson. 1890.
TIDY. adj. Honest, decent, respectable; also tolerable. [Common.]
"Er be a TIDY, dacent ooman."
"Pretty TIDY," pretty well.
"A TIDY few," a fair quantity.
:_______________________________.
teidiau ‹TEID
ye› (plural noun)
1 See: taid ‹TAID› = grandfather
:_______________________________.
teier, teiers ‹TEI
er, TEI ers› (masculine noun)
1 tyre
:_______________________________.
teier eira,
teiers eira ‹tei er EI ra, tei ers EI ra› (masculine noun)
1 snow tyre
:_______________________________.
Teifi ‹tei -vi› feminine noun
1 (SN7867) Afon Teifi river
in the county of Ceredigion
2 Aberteifi ‘mouth of the
river Teifi’
Name of a town in the county of Ceredigion
English name: Cardigan
3 Tremyteifi / Trem y Teifi
(“view (of) the (river) Teifi”) street name in Llandysul, county of Ceredigion
Although the use of the definite article before a river name occurs
colloquially, it is considered incorrect - Tremteifi
/ Trem Teifi would be a more standard form
4
Brynteifi (SN4539) locality in the
county of Caerfyrddin
“(the) hill (overlooking the river)
Teifi” (bryn = hill) + (Teifi river name)
:_______________________________.
Teifi ‹tei -vi› masculine noun
1 man's name (from the river name)
:_______________________________.
teigr, teigrod ‹TEI
gir, TEI grod› (masculine noun)
1 tiger
:_______________________________.
teiliwr,
teilwriaid ‹TEIL yur, tei LUR yed›
(masculine noun)
1 tailor
:_______________________________.
teilwra ‹tei- lu -ra›
1 tailor = carry out the occupation of a tailor, earn one's living
as a tailor
2 tailor = do the work of a tailor
3 tailor = make (a garment) to measure
siwt wedi ei theilwra a tailored
suit, one made and fitted by a tailor, one made to measure
ETYMOLOGY: (teilwr = tailor) + (-a =
suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
Teilo ‹TEI
lo› (masculine noun)
1 Welsh saint
:_______________________________.
teils ‹teils› plural noun
1 tiles; plural of teilsen
:_______________________________.
teilsen ‹teil
-sen› feminine
noun
PLURAL teils
‹teils›
1 tile
y deilsen the tile
gwaith teils tileworks
2 teilsen doi roofing
tile, roof-tile (“tile (of) roofing”)
3 teilsen lorio floor
tile, flooring tile (“tile (of) flooring”)
4 teilsen wal wall tile
ETYMOLOGY: teils (= tiles) + (-en, singulative suffix); < English tiles, singular tile < Old English “tîgele” < Latin têgula (= tile). Cf German der
Ziegel = brick < Latin têgula
:_______________________________.
teilwng ‹TEI
lung› (adjective)
1 worthy
2 bod yn deilwng o’r achlysur
be equal to the occasion, rise to the occasion (“be worthy of the occasion”)
:_______________________________.
teilyngdod ‹tei-ləng-dod› masculine
noun
PLURAL teilyngdodau
‹tei-ləng-dô-de›
1 worth, merit, worthiness
2 (title) worship, title of respect for a mayor
Eich Teilyngdod Your Worship (judge,
mayor), Your Worships
Ei Theilyngdod Her Worship (judge,
mayor)
ei Theilyngdod y Faeres Her Worship
the Mayoress
Ei Deilyngdod His Worship (judge,
mayor)
ei Deilyngdod y Maer His Worship the
Mayor
Eu Teilyngdod Their Worships
ETYMOLOGY: (teilyng- penult form of teilwng = worthy) + (-dod suffix)
:_______________________________.
teim ‹TEIM› (masculine noun)
1 thyme
:_______________________________.
teimlad,
teimladau ‹TEIM lad, teim LÂ de›
(masculine noun)
1 feeling
2 dolurio’ch teimladau hurt somebody’s feelings
:_______________________________.
teimladrwydd ‹teim- lad
-ruidh›
masculine noun
1 sensitivity (to emotional feelings), sentiment
ETYMOLOGY: (teimlad = feeling) +
(-rwydd suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
teimlo ‹TEIM
lo› (verb)
1 feel
2 mynd i deimlo’n rhyfedd
come over all funny, begin to feel strange (“go to feel strange”)
3 teimlo cywilydd o be ashamed of / about, feel ashamed of / about
:_______________________________.
teimlydd,
teimlyddion ‹TEIM lidh, teim LƏDH yon› (masculine noun)
1 feeler (of insect)
:_______________________________.
teipiadur,
teipiaduron ‹teip YAA dir, teip ya DII ron› (masculine noun)
1 typewriter
:_______________________________.
teipiedig ‹teip
YE dig› (adjective)
1 typewritten
:_______________________________.
teipio ‹TEIP
yo› (verb)
1 type
:_______________________________.
teipyddes,
teipyddesau ‹tei PƏ dhes, tei pə DHE se› (feminine noun)
1 typist (woman)
y deipyddes the typist
:_______________________________.
teipysgrif,
teipysgrifau ‹tei PƏ skriv, tei pə SKRI ve› (masculine noun)
1 typescript
:_______________________________.
teir- ‹teir›
1 three, tri-; combining form; doesn’t cause any
mutation
teirochrog trilateral
teirieithog trilingual
teirblynyddol triennial,
three-yearly
ETYMOLOGY: old form of tri (= three)
:_______________________________.
teirawr ‹teir -aur› feminine noun
1 three hours
am tua theirawr for around three
hours
Prin deirawr mewn car o borthladd Calais
yw Brwsel Brussels is only three hours by car from the port of Calais
2 adjective three-hour,
lasting three hours
arholiad teirawr a three-hour
examination:
ETYMOLOGY: (teir- prefix = three) +
(awr = hour)
:_______________________________.
teircainc ‹teir -kaingk› adjective
1 having three strands or threads
rhaff deircainc three-strand rope, rope made of three strands
ETYMOLOGY: (teir- penult form of
tair = three – feminine form) + (cainc = strand, feminine noun)
:_______________________________.
Teirtref ‹TEIR
trev› (feminine noun)
1 (History) a cwmwd (kúmmud) of the cantref (kántrev) of Gwent Uwch
Coed, South-east Wales
ETYMOLOGY: (‘the three trêvs’’) (teir-
prefix = three) + (tref = “trêv”,
manor, farm)
(delwedd 7383)
:_______________________________.
teirw ‹TEI
ru› (plural noun)
1 ‹plural of tarw ‹TA ru› = bull
:_______________________________.
teisen,
teisennau /teisenni ‹TEI
sen, tei SE ne / tei SE ni›
(feminine noun)
1 cake
y deisen the cake
:_______________________________.
teisen
ben-blwydd, teisennau pen-blwydd ‹tei sen ben BLUIDH, tei SE ne pen BLUIDH› (feminine noun)
1 birthday cake
y deisen ben-blwydd the birthday
cake
:_______________________________.
teisen blât,
teisennau plât ‹tei
sen BLAAT, tei SE ne PLAAT›
(feminine noun)
1 flat cake (literally: plate cake)
y deisen blat the flat cake
:_______________________________.
teisen briodas,
teisennau priodas ‹tei
sen bri O das, tei SE ne pri O das›
(feminine noun)
1 wedding cake
y deisen briodas the wedding
cake
:_______________________________.
teisen
ffrwythau, teisennau ffrwythau ‹tei sen FRUI the, tei SE ne FRUI the› (feminine noun) fruit cake
y deisen ffrwythau the fruit
cake
:_______________________________.
teisen frau,
teisennau brau ‹tei sen VRAI, tei SE ne
BRAI› (feminine noun)
1 “brittle cake”
y deisen frau the brittle
cake”
:_______________________________.
teisen gri,
teisennau cri ‹tei
sen GRII, tei SE ne KRII›
(feminine noun)
1 flat bread, bread made without yeast
y deisen gri the flat cake
:_______________________________.
teisen Gwener y
Groglith, teisennau Gwener y Groglith ‹tei sen GWE ner ə GRO glith, tei SE ne...› (feminine noun)
1 “Good Friday cake”
:_______________________________.
teisen heb wybod
i’r siop, teisennau heb wybod i’r siop
‹tei sen hen UI bod ir SHOP,
tei SE ne...› (feminine noun)
1 home-made cake
:_______________________________.
teisen lap,
teisennau lap ‹tei
sen LAP, tei SE ne LAP› (feminine
noun)
1 “soggy cake”
:_______________________________.
teisen radell,
teisennau gradell ‹tei
sen RA delh, tei SE ne GRA delh›
(feminine noun)
1 “griddle cake”
y deisen radell the “griddle cake”
:_______________________________.
teithiadur ‹teith- yâ -dir› masculine noun
PLURAL teithiaduron
‹teith-ya-dî-ron›
1 itinerary = a guidebook for
travelers
ETYMOLOGY: (teithi-, stem of the
verb teithio = to travel) + (-adur noun-forming suffix, indicating a
book)
:_______________________________.
teithiau ‹TEITH
ye› (plural noun) trips, journeys
See: taith ‹TAITH› = journey,
trip
:_______________________________.
teithio ‹TEITH
yo› (verb)
1 to travel
2 costau teithio
travelling expenses
3 cudd-deithio stow away = hide in a ship or a plane in order to
travel without paying
(cudd = secret, hidden) + soft
mutation + ( teitho = to travel)
4 teithio yn y dosbarth
cyntaf travel first class
:_______________________________.
teithiwr,
teithwyr ‹TEITH yur, TEITH wir›
(masculine noun)
1 traveler (England: traveller)
2 cudd-deithiwr stowaway
= a person who hides in a ship or a plane in order to travel without paying
(cudd = secret, hidden) + soft
mutation + ( teithiwr = traveller)
3 awyren deithwyr passenger
plane
trên teithwyr passenger train
:_______________________________.
teitl ‹tei
-təl› masculine noun
PLURAL teitlau
‹teit -le›
1 title = name of a book, picture, piece of music, film, play, etc
tudalen deitl = title page
2 (film) is-deitl
subtitle
3 title = heading in a book, document
4 title = distinctive appellation (Syr, etc)
5 title = sports championship
daliwr teitl titleholder
deiliad teitl titleholder
ETYMOLOGY: English title < Middle English titel < Old English < Latin titulus (= title, superscription)
:_______________________________.
teits ‹TEITS› (masculine noun)
1 pantyhose (England: tights)
:_______________________________.
telaid ‹tê -laid› adjective
1 (obsolete) beautiful, fair
Plural: teleidion
Rho’dd duwies or-hael Buddugoliaeth ei choron / O flodau teleidion ar aeliau
teg Gwen (Dyffryn Cynon / Jenkin Howell / Geninen 1900 / tudalen 214)
The very generous goddess of Victory put her crown of beautiful flowers on the
brow of Gwenllian
2 teleidwyn (obsolete)
beautiful, fair (= telaid + gwyn / beautiful, fair)
ETYMOLOGY: probably a form of telediw
(= beautiful, fair), < tâl- < talu (= to pay) + the element -ediw (= ??)
:_______________________________.
teleidwyn ‹te-leid -win› adjective
1 (obsolete) beautiful, fair
O sweet Gweny Morgan, y “Ferch o
Benderyn,” / Brenhines blith-ferched teleidwyn y byd (Dyffryn Cynon /
Jenkin Howell / Geninen 1900 / tudalen 214)
Oh sweet Gweny (= Gwenllian) Morgan, the “Maid of Penderyn”, the queen of the
world’s fair milkmaids
:_______________________________.
telediad,
telediadau ‹te LED yad, te led YA de› (masculine noun)
1 television broadcast
:_______________________________.
teledu ‹te
LEE di› (masculine noun)
1 television
2 set deledu ‹set
de LEE di› TV set
:_______________________________.
teledu lloeren ‹te
LEE di LHOI ren› (masculine noun)
1 satellite TV
:_______________________________.
teledydd ‹te
LEE didh› (masculine noun)
1 television set
:_______________________________.
telerau ‹te
LEE re› (plural noun)
1 erms, conditions
:_______________________________.
Teleri ‹te
LEE ri› (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name
:_______________________________.
teli ‹TE
li› (masculine noun)
1 telly (colloquial for television)
:_______________________________.
téliffon,
teliffonau ‹TE li fon, te li FO ne›
(masculine noun)
1 telephone, phone
:_______________________________.
teliffonwraig,
teliffonwragedd ‹te
li FON wreg, te li fon WRA gedh›
(feminine noun)
1 telephonist
y deliffonwraig = the telephonist
:_______________________________.
telifisiwn ‹te
li VI shun› (masculine noun)
1 television
:_______________________________.
telir ‹TEE -lir› verb
1 it will be paid See: talu = to pay
Telir lwfans hyfforddi o £6,500 a
training allowance of £6,500 will be paid
ETYMOLOGY: (tâl-, root of talu = to pay) + (-ir, passive termination, present-future tense)
:_______________________________.
telor, teloriaid ‹TEE
lor, te LOR yed› (masculine noun)
1 (bird) flycatcher
:_______________________________.
telor yr helyg ‹TEE-lor ər
HEE-lig › masculine noun
PLURAL teloriaid
yr helyg ‹te-lor-yed ər HEE-lig ›
1 (Phylloscopus trochilus)
willow warbler
ETYMOLOGY: “warbler (of) the willow trees”
Also dryw'r helyg “wren (of) the
willow trees”, and (North Wales) dryw
bach y ddaear “little wren (of) the ground”
:_______________________________.
telori ‹te
LOO ri› (verb)
1 (bird) to trill
:_______________________________.
telyn ‹TEE -lin› feminine
noun
PLURAL telynau ‹te-lə-ne›
1 harp
y delyn the harp
canu’r delyn to play the harp (“make
sing the harp”)
- also the less correct form chwarae’r
delyn
(“play the harp”, chwarae = to
play a game, in imitation of the English expression)
telyn Geltaidd Celtic harp
telyn Gymreig Welsh harp
tant telyn harp string
telynores harpist (female)
telynor harpist (male)
Tre’rdelyn SO2059 (“trêv or farmstead
of the harp”) place in the district of Maesyfed, Powys (English name:
“Harpton”)
gŵyl delynau, gwyliau telynau
harp festival
2 the word is used to indicate a harp-shaped field
Llain y Delyn “(the) strip of land
(of) the harp”
Cae’r Delyn or Cae Delyn “(the) field (of) the harp”
Heol Caedelyn name of a street in
Eglwysnewydd, Caer-dydd (heol = street)
Parc y Delyn “(the) field (of) the harp”
Parcydelyn street name in
Caerfyrddin (“Parc y Delyn”)
“(the) field (of) the harp”, harp-shaped field, triangular field
In
some field names the triangular shape is compared to a heter (= iron, smoothing iron) - Cae Heter
3 crogi’ch telyn ar yr helyg
hang your harp on the willows, stop doing some activity
Psalmau 137:1 Wrth afonydd Babilon, yno
yr eisteddasom, ac wylasom, pan feddyliasom am Seion. (137:2) Ar yr
helyg o’u mewn y crogasom ein telynau. (137:3) Canys yno y gofynnodd y rhai a’n caethiwasent i ni gân; a’r rhai a’n
hanrheithiasai, lawenydd, gan ddywedyd, Cenwch i ni rai o ganiadau Seion.
(137:4) Pa fodd y canwn gerdd yr
Arglwydd mewn gwlad ddieithr?
Psalms 137:1 By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept, when we
remembered Zion. (137:2) We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst
thereof. (137:3) For there they that carried us away captive required of us a
song; and they that wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the
songs of Zion. (137:4) How shall we sing the Lord’s song in a strange land?
Un gwael iawn am lunio englyn oeddwn, ac
felly rhoddais y delyn honno ar yr helyg
I was very bad at composing ‘englyn’ verses and so I gave that up (“I hung that
harp on the willows”)
4 Telyn Arthur (“(the) harp (of) Arthur”, Arthur’s harp)
Lyra = small constellation in the northern hemisphere with the star Vega; near
Cygnus (Yr Alarch) and Draco (Y Ddraig)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British telen-, apparently
a metathesised form of tenel- (N-L
became L-N)
From the same British root: Breton telenn
(= harp)
cf Latin tend(ere) (= to stretch), as in English tend, tension, etc < French <
Latin
:_______________________________.
telyneg,
telynegion ‹te LƏ neg, te lə NEG yon› (feminine noun)
1 lyric
y delyneg = the lyric poem
:_______________________________.
telynegol ‹te lə NEE gol› (adjective)
1 lyrical
:_______________________________.
telynor,
telynorion ‹te LƏ nor, te lə NOR yon› (masculine noun)
1 harpist (man)
:_______________________________.
telynores,
telynoresau ‹te lə NOO res, te lə no RE se› (feminine noun)
1 harpist (woman)
y delynores = the harpist
:_______________________________.
teml (“temel”),
temlau ‹TEML, TE mel, TEM le› (feminine noun)
1 temple
y deml = the temple
Y Demel Name of a Baptist Church in Abercannaid, Merthyrtudful, built
1896
:_______________________________.
tempro ‹tem -pro› verb
1
temper (metal) = make metal tougher by heating and placing in water
ETYMOLOGY: (tempr- < English to temper) + (-o, verbal suffix), < Middle English tempren < Old English < Latin temperâre (= to mix), probabably < tempus (= time)
:_______________________________.
temptio ‹TEMPT yo› (verb)
1 tempt
:_______________________________.
tenant,
tenantiaid ‹TE nant, ta NANT yed› (masculine noun)
1 tenant
:_______________________________.
tenau ‹TA ne› (adjective)
1 thin
2 bod cyn deneued â styllen (“be as thin as a board”) be as thin as
a rake
3 araith denau poor
speech, insubstantial speech
:_______________________________.
teneuder ‹te-nei-der› masculine noun
1 thinness, slimness
ETYMOLOGY: (teneu- < tenau = thin) + (-der suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
teneuo ‹te-nei-o› verb
1
become thin, go thin, get thinner
Mae hi wedi teneuo a cholli’r gwrid o’i gruddiau
She’s got thinner and (ahe’s) lost the bloom in her cheeks
2
slim, lose weight
3 become thin = become sparser
4 (hair) become thin = become sparser; (person) lose hair
Roedd Arwyn wedi teneuo rywfaint ar y
top
Arwyn had thinned somewhat on top
5 verb with an object thin
= make thin; (USA: slenderize)
6 thin out = (bed of plants) take out some plants to give others
more space
yn yr ardd yn teneuo’r rwdins
in the garden thinning out the turnips
ETYMOLOGY: (teneu- < tenau = thin) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
teneuwch ‹te-nei-ukh› masculine noun
1 thinness, slimness
ETYMOLOGY: (teneu- < tenau = thin) + (-wch suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
tenewyn ‹te- neu -in› masculine noun
PLURAL tenewynnau
‹te-neu- ə -ne›
1
flank
Job 15:27 Canys efe a dodd ei wyneb, â’i
fraster; ac a wnaeth dyrch o floneg ar ei dewynnau
Job 15:27 Because he covereth his face with his fatness, and maketh collops of
fat on his flanks
ETYMOLOGY: (teneu- = tenau thin) + (-yn suffix to make a noun from an adjective) > teneuyn > tenewyn
For the change (eu > ew) cf
..a/ Dihewyd (place name) < *diheuyd (= zeal)
..b/ brychewyn, colloquial form
of brycheuyn (= freckle)
:_______________________________.
tenis ‹TE nis› (masculine noun)
1 tennis
:_______________________________.
tennyn ‹te-nin › masculine
noun
PLURAL tenynnau
‹te- nə -ne›
1
tether, cord, rope, (USA: lariat) = rope for tethering animals); rope which
restricts,
especially one attaching a grazing animal to a pole
2 tether = range of one's endurance
bod ar ben eich tennyn be at the end
of your tether
dod i ben eich tennyn come to the
end of your tether
3 leash (for a dog)
ar dennyn on a leash
dal (ci) ar dennyn hold a dog on a
leash
gollwng ci oddi ar dennyn unleash a
dog
pwt o dennyn a short leash
rhoi ci ar dennyn put a dog on a
leash
rhyddháu ci oddi ar dennyn unleash a
dog
tynnu ar y tennyn strain at the
leash
4 (musical instrument) string
ETYMOLOGY: tennyn < *tennhyn (tant =
string) + (-yn diminutive suffix
added to nouns)
nt- before a final syllable > nnh- > nn-
Cf
..1/ cannoedd (= hundreds) < cant (= one hundred)
..2/ dannedd (= teeth) < dant (= tooth)
..3/ Nannau (place name ‘streams’)
< nant
..4/ tannau (= strings) < tant
:_______________________________.
tentacl,
tentaclau ‹TEN ta kəl, ten TA kle› (masculine noun)
1 tentacle
:_______________________________.
tentaclog ‹ten
TA klog› (adjective)
1 tentancled, having tentacles
:_______________________________.
têr ‹teer › adjective
1 (obsolete) pure; refined;
brilliant, bright
2 terfel (obsolete)
refined honey (têr = refined, pure)
+ soft mutation + (mêl = honey)
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
terfel ‹ter -vel› masculine noun
1 (obsolete) refined honey
ETYMOLOGY: (têr = refined, pure) +
soft mutation + (mêl = honey)
:_______________________________.
Terfel ‹ter-vel› masculine noun
1 man's name, variant of
Derfel (arbitrary replacement of intial D with initial T)
ETYMOLOGY: (Apparently only occurs in the name of the opera singer Bryn Terfel
Jones, who explained in an interview in 1977 that his mother wanted to call him
Derfel, but his father wasn’t keen on the name; instead they agreed Bryn as the
first name, and used a modified form of Derfel as the middle name.)
Derfel is from the village name Llandderfel (SH9837), a locality east
of Y Bala, county of Gwynedd. This, (Llandderfel), the offical form of
the village is in fact the local pronunciation of Llandderwfael “church (dedicated to) Derwfael”
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Derwfael)
See Derfel for the origin of this as
a male forename in the modern period
:_______________________________.
terfyn, terfynau ‹TER
vin, ter VƏ ne› (masculine
noun)
1 boundary
2 end of the day
ar derfyn dydd at close of day, at
the end of the day
Roedd y dydd yn tynnu at ei derfyn
the day was drawing to a close
3 llinell derfyn demarcation
line, dividing line, border, boundary
Saif Sharon bron ar y llinell
derfyn rhwng Pennsylvania ac Ohio Sharon stands almost on the dividing line
between Pennsylvania and Ohio
4 does dim terfyn ar
(rywbeth) (Something) knows no bounds, is limitless
Does dim terfyn ar ei haelioni His
generosity knows no bounds
5
tynnu tua’r terfyn draw to a close (in a speech)
Rhaid i mi dynnu tua’r terfyn, rhag
eich blino â gormod o ffeithiau I have to draw to a close for fearing of
tiring you with too many facts
6 tynnu at y terfyn draw to a close
Mae fy amser i yn tynnu at y terfyn fel gweinidog ar y capel bach hwn
My time as minister of this little chapel is drawing to a close
7
llinell derfyn (f), llinellau terfyn (race) finishing line; demarcation line
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin terminus (= end)
An [m] in British words regularly gives [v] “f” in modern Welsh.
:_______________________________.
Terfyn ‹TER vin› (masculine
noun)
1 Tarvin SJ4966, a village in Cheshire five miles west of Chester / Caer.
ETYMOLOGY: “boundary”. According to a “History of Cheshire” in the Public
Records Office in Chester, Tarvin was spelled Tervin in 1551, and Tervine in
1599 (Tarvin Family Association http://www.tarvinfamily.org/village.html
).
The change in English of -er > -ar (/ε/ lowered before /r/) was
a common feature in the 1300s and 1400s (though sometimes not reflected in the
spelling until long after)
(delwedd 7408)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/97725
map
:_______________________________.
terfynell ‹ter-və-nelh › feminine noun
PLURAL terfynellau
‹ter-və-nê-lhe ›
1 (Electricity) terminal
y derfynell = the erminal
ETYMOLOGY: (terfyn = end) + (-ell suffix)
:_______________________________.
terfynol <ter
VƏ nol› (adj)
1
final
2 yr hyd terfynol the home stretch, the home straight = the final stretch
on a racetrack, from the last bend to the winning post
y postyn terfynol the winning post
ETYMOLOGY: (terfyn- < terfyn = limit) +
(-ol adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
terfysg ‹ ter -visk› masculine noun
PLURAL terfysgoedd
‹ ter- vəs -goidh›
1
uproar, commotion
2
unrest, riot, insurrection, troubles
codi terfysg cause unrest, cause
trouble (“raise a commotion”)
cychwyn terfysg start a riot
darllen y Ddeddf Derfysg read the
Riot Act
y Ddeddf Derfysg the Riot Act
dryll gwrth-derfysg riot gun
dryll rhag terfysg riot gun
gwn gwrth-derfysg riot gun
gwn rhag terfysg riot gun
heddlu gwrth-derfysg riot police
tarian rhag terfysg riot shield
terfysg Beca The Rebecca Riots
(1840s; protests against tolls on roads)
Terfysg Tonypandy the Tonypandy Riots
3
(North Wales) thunderstorm
ETYMOLOGY: from the same Celtic source as modern Irish toirmeasc (= prohibition, prevention;
mischief; mishap, misfortune)
:_______________________________.
terfysglyd ‹ter- və -sklid› adjective
1
turbulent, tumultous
ETYMOLOGY: (terfysg = commotion) + (-lyd
adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
terfysgwr ‹ter- və -skur› masculine noun
PLURAL terfysgwyr
‹ter- vəsk -wir›
1 rioter
2 terrorist (An incorrect use; the correct word is brawychwr)
ETYMOLOGY: (terfysg = riot) + (-wr
suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
termad ‹TER-mad
› masculine noun
(South Wales)
1
scolding, telling off
:_______________________________.
termit ‹ter- mit › masculine
noun
PLURAL termitiaid
‹ter-mit-yed›
1 termite
ETYMOLOGY: English termite >
Neo-Latin termitês (= white ants),
plural of Latin termes (= woodworm)
:_______________________________.
termo ‹TER-mo
› verb
(South Wales)
1
scold, tell off
:_______________________________.
terwyn ‹TER-uin› adj
1
fervent
2
ardent, fierce
3 strong, brave, powerful
ETYMOLOGY: Unknown
NOTE: Page
46 / A Welsh Grammar - Historical
and Comparative / John Morris-Jones (1864-1929) /
1913: The following words may be
mentioned as those most commonly mispronounced: wy is the falling
diphthong in cer
n ‘vat’, disgl, ‘look, expect’,
G
nedd ‘Venedotia’, G
ndid, id., morn ‘maiden’, tern ‘ fervent’; it is
the rising diphthong in oher
dd ‘because of’,
cych
n, ‘rise, start’,
erch
n ‘protector,
[bed]-side’, ded
dd ‘happy’
:_______________________________.
terwyn ‹TER-uin› m
1 man’s forename
ETYMOLOGY: See previous entry
:_______________________________.
tes ‹TEES› (masculine noun)
1 heat, warmth, sunshine
2
cynnes warm
Welsh cynnes < cýn-nhes < British *kon-tess-.
Equivalent to modern Welsh (cyn-
form of the prefix cyf- before d / n
/ t/ = together) + (tes = heat)
cynhesu to warm, heat up
cynhesrwydd warmth, affection
:_______________________________.
testun, testunau ‹TE
stin, te STI ne› (masculine noun)
1 text
codi testun choose a text (for a
sermon, etc)
2 object, recipient of some action or attitude
TESTUN CYWILyDD
bod yn destun cywilydd i’ch teulu be
a disgrace to your family
(testun = matter, affair) + (cywilydd = shame)
TESTUN SBORT
Nìd testun sbort mo hyn This is no
laughing matter
(testun = matter, affair) + (sbort = fun, mockery)
TESTUN SIARAD ‹TE-stin SHAA-rad›
talking point, topic of conversation, the thing on everybody’s lips
(testun = matter, affair) + (siarad = to talk)
:_______________________________.
teth, tethau ‹TEETH,
TE the› (feminine noun)
1 nipple, teat
y deth the nipple
:_______________________________.
teulu <TEI-li> [ˡtəɪlɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL teuluoedd
<tei-LII-oidh, -odh> [təɪˡliˑɔɪð, -ɔð]
1
family = a social group consisting of parents and children
Y teulu Rees o’r
Pant-mawr enillodd y wobr
The Rees family of Pant-mawr won the prize
o deulu da from a good family
3
family = one's husband and children, or one's wife and children
Sut mae’r teulu? How’s the family?
4
family = parents and brothers and sisters; wife / husband and chuldren;
grandparents, grandchildren, aunts and uncles, cousins
Oes ganddo deulu o gwbl? Does he
have any family?
5
(adjective) family = for the family
clinig cynllunio teulu
family-planning clinic
cylchgrawn teulu family magazine
meddyg teulu family doctor
6
family
= one's children
Roedd iddynt deulu o blant ifanc a
ddeuai bob amser i'r cwrdd
They had a family of small children who always came to chapel
7
family = members of a household, parents and children and maybe grandparents,
etc, people living in a house
Roedd yno dri o deulu yn byw Three
of the family lived there, ther was a family of three living there
8
family = the antecedents of a family, one's ancestors
Daeth ein teulu o’r Alban
Our family came from Scotland
Does dim arian wedi bod yn yn teulu ni
ariôd
There's never been any money in our family
9
Mae aderyn du ym mhob teulu There’s a
black sheep in every family (“a black bird in every family”)
10
family = group of people related in some way, having a common interest, etc
close community of people united by a common activity
Fe wnaethant Drefeca yn gartref i bawb hoffai adael ei fro a dyfod i
gydweithio ag i gyd-addoli. Ffurfiai'r holl gwmni un teulu They made Trefeca into a home for everybody
who wanted to leave their home district and to come and work and opray
together. The whole group became as one family.
11 family = a group
of related animals or plants or languages etc
Mae’r sgrïau hyn yn gynefin i deulu
arbennig o blanhigion, fel rhedyn y chwarel (Cryptogramma crispa) a’r
ffynidfwsog (Huperzia selago)
These screes are home to a special family of plants, such as parsley fern
(Cryptogramma crispa) and fir clubmoss (Huperzia selago)
12 y Teulu Sanctaidd the Holy Family, the
infant Jesus, Mary, and Joseph
13 Cath i dy a chi i deulu (“(a) cat for (a) house and (a) dog for (a)
family”) (Advice for someone who is thinking of keeping a pet – a cat is loyal
to the place where it lives, and a dog to the people who look after it”)
ETYMOLOGY: “house group” teulu < teilu (tei- = house) + soft mutation + ( llu = crowd, group)
:_______________________________.
tew <TEU> [tɛʊ] (adjective)
1 fat
2 dudew pitch-black; (du =
black) + soft mutaiton + (tew = fat)
tywyllwch dudew pitch darkness
Roedd yr ystafell mewn tywyllwch dudew It was pitch dark in the room
3 pendew
boneheaded, thickheaded, stupid
(pen = head) + soft mutation + (tew = thick, fat)
4 (North Wales) cytew
..a/ (adj) (liquid) thick, stiff
..b/ (m) egg batter (flour, eggs, milk)
cytew < cyd-dew (cyd- prefix =
together) + soft mutation + (tew =
fat; thick)
5
da tew fatstock
6
(rumour) widely disseminated
roedd y si yn dew bod... there was
rumour going round that..., it was rumoured that...
:_______________________________.
tewgoed <TEU-goid> [ˡtɛʊgɔɪd]
1 thick wood, dense woodland
.....(1) Tewgoed farm in
Pentremeurig (county of Bro Morgannwg)
.....(2) Craig y Tewgoed place above
Pwll-y-glaw (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (“(the) rock / crag (of) the
thick wood”). In the village of Cwmafan, below Pwll-y-glaw, there is a street
called Heol Tewgoed
ETYMOLOGY: (tew = thick, fat) + soft
mutation + (coed = wood)
:_______________________________.
tewi <TEU-i> [ˡtɛʊɪ] (verb)
1 shut up, go quiet
Calla dawo best not to mention it,
the least said the better
Y calla’ ’dawo enough said (“the wisest
may he be silent”)
calla dawo < y callaf a dawo
“(it-is) the wisest that might-keep-silent”
(y definite article) + (callaf, superlative form of call wise) + (a relative pronoun, who, that) + soft mutation + (tawo he might keep silent, third person
singular subjunctive of tewi to keep
silent, to become silent)
Tawed y calla’ Enough said (“let the
wisest be silent”)
2 Cytuno yw tewi Silence
gives consent, not speaking out against an injustice is approving this
injustice (“(it is) agreeing that-is keeping quiet”)
3 tewi ynghylch (rhywbeth) keep quiet
about (something)
4
Taw â dy rygnu! Stop going on about
it all the time!
:_______________________________.
tewychu <teu-Ə-khi> [tɛʊˡəxɪ] (verb)
1 thicken
2 condense = remove water from
llaeth tewychedig condensed milk
3 tewychu fatten up
twchu mochyn to fatten up a pig
NOTE: Colloquially also twchu ‹TUU-khi› [ˡtuˑxɪ]
:_______________________________.
Teyrnas Unedig
Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon <TEIR-nas i-NEE-dig PRƏ-dain (-den) VAUR a GO-gledh
i-WER-dhon> [ˡtəɪrnas ɪˡneˑdɪg ˡprədaɪn
(-dɛn) ˡvaʊr a ˡgɔglɛð ɪˡwɛrðɔn] (feminine noun)
1 Welsh translation of the official name of the English State – “the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”
:_______________________________.
teyrnladdiad ‹teirn-LADH-yad› [təɪrnˡlaðjad] masculine noun
teyrnladdiadau ‹teirn-ladh-YAA-dai,
-de› [təɪrnlaðˡjɑˑdaɪ, -
ɛ]
1
regicide, assassination of a king
ETYMOLOGY: (teyrn = king) + soft
mutation + ( lladdiad = killing, murder)
:_______________________________.
t-g < d-g
1 Result of the combination of final “d” and an initial “g” which is
the soft mutation of “c” ‹k›
ad- (= prefix) + cof (= memory) > ad-gof > atgof (memory, thing remembered)
ad- (= prefix) + cas (= loathed) > ad-gas > atgas (repulsive) (though the original prefix might be add-)
coed (= wood) + cae (= field) > coed-gae
> coetgae (field enclosed by a
hedge)
llwyd (= grey) + coed (= wood) > llwyd-goed > llwytgoed
Also English ‘bedgown’ which became Welsh bedgwn > betgwn
:_______________________________.
Th, th ‹thee› feminine
noun
1)
twenty-sixth letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
..1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28
w, 29 y
:_______________________________.
th ‹-›
1 final -th
in Welsh words from British < Celtic corresponds to final -cht in Irish words from Celtic
Welsh craith (= scar), Irish créacht (= scar)
Welsh saith (= seven), Irish seacht (= seven)
Welsh noeth (= naked), Irish nocht (= naked)
2 final -th in Welsh
words from British sometimes corresponds to final -z or zh in the
equivalent Breton words
(In Breton z is pronounced ‹z›
in all the Breton dialects, but zh
represents a dual pronunciation - ‹h› in Gwened, and ‹z› in all the other
dialects.)
Welsh craith (= scar), Breton kreizenn (< kreiz) (= scar)
Welsh saeth (= arrow), Breton saezh (< saez) (= arrow)
Welsh saith (= seven), Breton seizh (< seiz) (= seven)
3 Final -th sometimes is from an original final –dd
Example: Pen y Gogarth, Trwyn y Gogarth (near Llandudno), from Y
Gogerdd (= slope)
1) Gogerdd > Gogardd
(in north-west Wales an e in a final syllable becomes a)
2) Gogardd > Gogarth
However, rather than a change of
dd > th, this may be an alteration of the name through the influence of –arth, the soft-mutated form of garth
(= a hill)
:_______________________________.
tha- ‹tha›
1 words with tha- could be forms with spirant
mutation: t becomes th after the following:
(1) the conjunction a = i,
(2) the preposition â = amb,
(3) the determiner ei = her; this is
(4) i dialectally (or spelt ’i); and after some words with a single
vowel or a final vowel (prepositions, conjunctions)
(5) a’i = and her
(6) â’i = with her
(7) o’i = from her
(8) neu’i = or her
tad = father,
mam a thad a mother and a father
â thadau’r plant with the fathers of
the children
ei thad, i thad, ’i thad her
father
a’i thad and her father
â’i thad with her father
o’i thad from her father
neu’i thad or her father
:_______________________________.
thanci
1 thank you
ETYMOLOGY: From English thankee <
thank ye
NOTE: No longer in general use in modern Welsh.
Thanci, a Thanci Ceindli
At y Golygydd.
Hawyr! a oes neb a ddaw yn mlaen i’m cynorthwyo yn fy ymdrech yn erbyn drwg
archwaeth, a gwaeth arferiad, llygriad iaith, a gwanhad gwladgarwch? Ryw amser
yn ol, ceisiais osod gerbron y Dywysogaeth yr arfer sydd o fewn y blynyddau
diweddaf gwedi amdaenu yn mhlith y Cymry, o ddywedyd thanci yn lle diolch i chwi;
ac yr oeddwn yn gobeithio y buaswn cyn hyn gwedi canfod rhyw arwyddion fod fy
sylwadau yn cael yr effaith ar rai o droi eu meddwl at waelder yr arferiad, ac
i beri ychydig o ddiwygiad yn y wlad, ond gydag eithaf siomedigaeth y mae’n
rhaid i mi gyfaddef na allaf enwi hyd y nod gymmaint ag un enghraifft o’r
cyfryw; eithr thanci, thanci mawr, a thanci ceindli, ydynt y seiniau gwrthun
a glywaf yn mhlith fy nghydwladwyr ym mhob cẁr, lle byddo cydnabyddiaeth
o gymwynas yn cymmeryd lle; ac yn awr, unwaith etto, gosodaf y peth o flaen y
wlad, a galwaf ar bawb a garant eu hiaith i ddyfod ymlaen i wrthladd hyn o
lygriad. Galwaf ar y Beirdd, yr Ofyddion, y Cymreigyddion, a’r Gwir Iforiaid;
ac hefyd pawb a fwynhant y fraint o allael arwain barn ac archwaeth eu
cydwladwyr, i wneuthur ymdrech gyffredinol, mewn pryd, tuag at ddileu yr
arferiad anghymreigaidd hwn, canys onis gwneir hyn o wasanaeth yn fuan, tra
fyddo cof yn hanfodi yn ein plith, o fod y fath ymadrodd yn y [sic] iaith â diolch i chwi, yr wyf yn rhagddywedyd yn
ddibetrus, y bydd i’r hen ymadrodd Cymreig gael ei lwyr golli, a’r ffieiddsain
Seisnigaidd o thanci gael ei blanu yn
ei le; am hyny, na oeder y cynnorthwy yn hŵy, os cerir yr iaith. Ydwyf,
&c.
DIOLCHWR.
Thanci (= thank you), and Thanci Ceindli (= Thankee kindly, Thank ye kindly)
To the Editor.
Well, well! Is there no one will come forward to help me in my struggle against
bad taste, and a worse habit, the corruption of language, and the weakening of
patriotism? Some time ago, I tried to place before the Principality the custom
that within the last few years has spread among the Welsh, that of saying thanci instead of diolch i chwi; and I was hoping that I would have found before now
some signs that my comments were having the effect on some people of turning
some to the undesirability (‘badness’) of the practice, and to bring about some
transformation in the country, but with quite some disappointment I must
confess I cannot name even a single example of such people: but thanci, thanci mawr (= a big thank you), and thanci
ceindli, are the monstrous sounds I hear among my compatriots in
everywhere, where there may be an acknowledgment of a favour taking place; and
now, once again, I will place it before the country, and I call on all those
who love their language to come forward to resist this corruption. I call on
the Bards, the Ovates, members of the Welsh Society (the Cymreigyddion), and
the True Ivorites; and also all those who enjoy the privilege of being able to
lead the opinion and taste of their countrymen, to make a communal effort, in
time, to eliminate this un-Welsh practice, for unless this service is not
carried out soon, while memory still exists among us of such a phrase in the
language as diolch i chwi (= a thanking
to you; thank you) I predict without hesitation, that the old Welsh word
will be completely lost, and the
horrible-sounding Anglicisation (‘the
Anglicised horrid sound’) thanci wil supplant it (‘be planted in its place’);
therefore, do not let the support be delayed and longer, if the language is
loved. I am, etc
DIOLCHWR (= one who thanks; one in support of the word ‘diolch’, a ‘diolch’
man).
:_______________________________.
the- ‹tha›
1
words with the- could be forms with
spirant mutation (t becomes th after the following:
(1) the conjunction a = i,
(2) the preposition â = amb,
(3) the determiner ei = her; this is
(4) i dialectally (or spelt ‘i); and after some words with a single
vowel or a final vowel (prepositions, conjunctions)
(5) a’i = and her
(6) â’i = with her
(7) o’i = from her
(8) neu’i = or her
tegan = toy,
afal a thegan an apple and a toy
â theganau’r plant with the the toys
of the children
ei thegan, i thegan, ’i thegan her
toy
a’i thegan and her toy
â’i thegan with her toy
o’i thegan from her toy
neu’i thegan or her toy
:_______________________________.
theatr ‹ the-a-tər › (f)
PLURAL theatrau
‹ the- a -tre›
1 theatre, (USA: theater) = building or place for staging plays
theatr bypedau puppet theatre
theatr cwmni repertory theatre
theatr gylch theatre in the round
theatr plant children’s theatre
mynychwr theatr theatregoer
mynychwyr theatr theatregoers; the
theatre-going public
rheolwr theatr theatre manager
2
amffitheatr (American: amphitheater)
(Englandic: amphitheatre) = circular building with tiered seats around an arena
Amffitheatr Caerllion the Caerllion
Amphitheatre, the Roman amphitheatre to the south-east of the village
ETYMOLOGY: English theatre < (theatre
= teatre) < French (theatre = teatre) < Latin < Greek theâtron
< theaestai (= to see)
:_______________________________.
theatraidd ‹the
A tredh› (adjective)
1 theatrical
ETYMOLOGY: (theatr = theatre) + (-aidd
adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
theatr fiwsig,
theatrau miwsig ‹THE a tər VIU sig, tehA tre MYU sig› (feminine noun)
1 music hall, variety theatre
:_______________________________.
thema, themâu ‹THE
ma, the MAI› (feminine noun)
1 theme
parc thema theme park
:_______________________________.
Thymallus
thymallus
1 cangen las (f), canghennau glas / canghennau gleision
grayling
:_______________________________.
..1 ti <TII> [tiː] (pronoun)
1 you, ‘thou’
2 da ti for goodness'
sake, for your own sake
Bydd yn dawel, da ti! Be quiet, for
goodness’ sake! (da = good) + (ti = you)
:_______________________________.
..2 ti <TII> [tiː] feminine noun
1 name of the letter “t”
ti fach small t
ti fawr capital t
2 (qualifier) used to describe any T-shaped thing
rhan T (engineering) T part (=
T-shaped part)
:_______________________________.
Ti <te-II> [teː ˡiː]
1 titanium (22)
:_______________________________.
ti a minnau <tii
a MI-nai, -e> [tiː a ˡmɪnaɪ, -ɛ] pronouns
1 you and I, you and me
:_______________________________.
ti a thithau <tii
a THII-thai, -e> [tiː a ˡθiˑθaɪ, -ɛ] pronouns
1 you and you too, “thou and thee”
2 Ti a thithau yw hi
rhyngddyn nhw (said of people in league with each other); = They’re as
thick as thieves (“it’s thou and thee between them” - ie, they use the familiar
form of the pronoun “you”, usually used between friends)
ETYMOLOGY: (ti = thou) + (a = and) + spirant mutation + (tithau = thou also)
:_______________________________.
Tibét <ti-BET> [tɪˡbɛt] feminine noun
1 Tibet = central Asian country; capital Lhasa
yn Nhibét in Tibet
:_______________________________.
Tibetaidd <ti-BE-taidh, -edh> [tɪˡbɛtaɪð,
-ɛð] adjective
1 Tibetan = of the country or
the people
ETYMOLOGY: (Tibét = Tibet) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Tibeteg ‹ti-BE-teg› [tɪˡbɛtɛg] masculine noun feminine noun
1 Tibetan = language of Tibet
(related to Burmese)
y Dibeteg the Tibetan language
2 adjective Tibetan
(referring to the language)
ETYMOLOGY: (Tibét = Tibet) + (-eg suffix for forming nouns and
adjectives to denote a language)
:_______________________________.
ticyn <TI-kin> [ˡtɪkɪn] masculine
noun
PLURAL <ti-KƏ-nai,
-e> [tɪˡkənaɪ, -ɛ]
South-east Wales
1 a bit
ticyn o arian a bit of money
ETYMOLOGY: ticyn < dicyn < digyn < ychydigyn (ychydig = a bit) + (-yn diminutive suffix)
NOTE: also dicyn
:_______________________________.
til, tiliau <TIL> [ˡtɪl] masculine noun
PLURAL <TIL-jai, je -ye> [ˡtɪljaɪ, -jɛ]
1 till (= cashbox)
cael
eich dal a’ch llaw yn y til
be caught with your hand in the till (‘get your catching and your hand in the
till’)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English < Old French tille (= compartment)
:_______________________________.
tild <TILD> [tɪld] masculine noun
PLURAL tildiau
<TILD-yai, -e> [ˡtɪldjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 diacritical mark placed
over a letter n in Spanish (ñ) to represent the palatalised sound
2 diacritical mark placed over an ‘o’ in Portuguese to represent a
nasal sound
3 diacritical mark placed over a letter n in Breton (ñ); this letter
when placed after a vowel indicates that the preceding vowel is nasal
4 diacritical mark placed over a vowel in the IPA (International
Phoentic Alphabet) to represent nasalisation
ETYMOLOGY: English tild (also tilde <tildə> [tɪldə])
< Castilian tilde
< tild- < Latin titulus (= title, superscription)
NOTE: plural also tildau
:_______________________________.
tîm <TIIM> [tiːm] masculine noun
PLURAL timau <TI-mai,
-e> [ˡtɪmaɪ, -ɛ]
1 team = group of people who
work together
arweinydd tîm team leader
2 team = sports team, group of people who play together against
another group
Daeth tîm nofio’r ysgol yn ail yn y
gystadleuaeth
the school swimming team came second in the competition
tîm Cymru the Welsh team, the Wales
team
tîm cartref home team
tîm hoci hockey team
tim rygbi rugby team
tîm pêl-droed football team
3 South-east Wales team of
oxen, team of horses (two or more animals pulling a vehicle or a plough or
other agricultural implement)
ETYMOLOGY: English team < Old
English team = (1) offspring, brood,
children; (2) set of draught animals - oxen, horses.
The corresponding word in German is der Zaum (= bridle)
:_______________________________.
tin, tinau <TIIN,
TII-nai, -e> [tiːn, ˡtiˑnaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 bottom, arse (USA: ass), bum
2 rhych y tin the crease of the arse
Mae’n credu bod yr haul yn codi yn rhych
ei din He thinks the sun shines out of his arse (“he thinks the sun rises
in the crease of his arse”)
3 tin y nyth (qv) smallest
bird in a nest
4 bod â’i din am ei ben
(place) complete mess, shambles (“have its arse around its head”)
5 bys y din (vulgar)
middle finger (“finger (of) the arse / ass”)
6 tin-dros-ben somersault
bwrw tin-dros-ben do a somersault
gwneud tin-dros-ben do a somersault
7 bod
yn gythraul am eich tin be sex mad (“be a devil for your arse”)
8 tinddu black-arsed
(tin = cul) + soft mutation + ( du = negre)
:_______________________________.
tincer <TIN-ker> [ˡtɪnkɛr] masculine noun
PLURAL tinceriaid
<tin-KER-yaid, -yed> [tɪnˡkɛrjaɪd, -ɛd]
1 tinker = person who mends
objects such as kettles and pans
2 mor feddw â thincer “as
drunk as a tinker”
meddwi fel tincer to get as drunk as a tinker
Cofiant Matthews, Ewenni, John James Morgan, 1922, p397
Cymhellid gwin ysgaw arno ym Mynydd Cynffig.
“A oes alcol ynddo?”
“Nac oes, fi gwnaeth e.”
Taflodd yntau lwyaid ohono i’r tân, a fflamiodd yn las.
“Dyna i chi,” meddai; “ped yfwn ddigon o hwn fe feddwn fel tincer.”
Some elderberry wine was foisted on him in Mynyddcynffig.
“Is there alcohol in it?”
“No, I myself made it.”
He threw a teaspoonful of it into the fire, and it flared up with a blue flame.
“Well now,” he said, “If I were to drink enough of this I get as drunk
as a tinker” (“I would get drunk like a tinker”)
3 fel dau dincer said
of two people in a heated argument or who are prone to quarrelling with each
other ("like two tinkers")
4 tinker = (Ireland) wandering beggar, gipsy
Tincars y’u gelwir yn Iwerddon, sipsiwn yma
They’re called tinkers in Ireland, but gyspies here,
5 Y Tincer name of a
‘papur bro’ (Welsh-language community newspaper) in Northern Ceredigion,
founded in 1977. It is named after a locally-born Welsh-speaking journalist and
author Tom MacDonald (1900-1980), the son of Irish tinkers who settled in the
area; and also to suggest wandering like a tinker from place to place in the
district, to garner news
ETYMOLOGY: English tinker <
Middle English < tin’kere < tinekere = a worker in tin; tin < Old English; cf German der Zinn = tin
Brief description by the editor of “Y
Tincer” (March 2001), with our English translation appended: http://www.papurau-bro.com/papuraubro/Tincer/indexcym.htm
Y TINCER Sefydlwyd 1977 - rhifyn cyntaf Medi 1977.
Y TINCER Founded 1977 - first edition September 1977.
YR ARDAL
Plwyfi Genau’r-glyn, (Llandre, Dôl-y-bont), Trefeurig, (Penrhyn-coch, Pen-bont
Rhydybeddau, Capel Madog, Capel Dewi) Tirymynach (Bow Street, Dolau) a’r Borth.
Ymunodd plwyf Melindwr yn Ionawr 1982 (pentrefi Pen-llwyn/Capel Bangor, Goginan
a Chwmrheidol / Aber-ffrwd).
THE AREA: The parishes of (1) Genau’r-glyn (Llandre, Dôl-y-bont), (2) Trefeurig
(Penrhyn-coch, Pen-bont Rhydybeddau, Capel Madog, Capel Dewi) (3) Tirymynach
(Bow Street, Dolau), and (4) Y Borth. (5) The parish of Melindwr joined in
January 1982 (the villages of Pen-llwyn / Capel Bangor, Goginan and Cwmrheidol
/ Aber-ffrwd).
YR ENW
Dewiswyd yr enw gan mai dyma ardal y nofelydd Tom MacDonald (1900-1980). Fe’i
ganwyd yn Llandre i rieni o dinceriaid Gwyddelig. Ar ôl bod ym Mhrifysgol
Aberystwyth bu’n newyddiadurwr a golygydd papur newydd yn Lloegr, Tsieina,
Awstralia ac am ddeng mlynedd ar hugain (30) yn Ne Affrica, nes iddo ddychwelyd
i Gymru ym 1965. Cyhoeddodd chwe nofel yn Saesneg - Gareth the Ploughman
(1939), (a gyfieithwyd i’r Gymraeg gan Nansi Griffiths fel Croesi’r bryniau
(1981); The Peak (1941), Gate of Gold (1946), The Black Rabbit (1948), How Soon
Hath Time (1950), a The Song of the Valley (1951), pob un wedi ei lleoli yng
Nghymru. Ysgrifennodd hefyd ddwy nofel Gymraeg Y Nos na Fu (1974) a Gwanwyn
Serch (1982) a gyhoeddwyd ar ôl ei farw, a hefyd gyfrol o atgofion Y Tincer
Tlawd (1971) a gyfieithwyd yn The White Lanes of Summer (1975). Mae’r gyfrol o
atgofion am ei blentyndod yng Ngorllewin Cymru yn y blynyddoedd cyn y Rhyfel
Byd Cyntaf (1914-8). Mae’r enw yn awgrymu fod y Tincer yn casglu newyddion wrth
fynd oddi amgylch yr ardal.
THE NAME
It was chosen since this was the area of the novelist Tom MacDonald
(1900-1980). He was born in Llandre to parents who were Irish tinkers. After
being in the University at Aberystwyth he was a journalist and newspaper editor
in England, China, Australia and for thrity years in South Africa until he
returned to Wales in 1965. He published six novels in English: (1) Gareth the
Ploughman (1939), (translated into Welsh by Nansi Griffiths as Croesi’r Bryniau
(= “crossing the hills”) (1981); (2) The Peak (1941), (3) Gate of Gold (1946),
(4) The Black Rabbit (1948), (5) How Soon Hath Time (1950), and (6) The Song of
the Valley (1951), each one located in Wales. He also wrote two novels in Welsh
(1) Y Nos na Fu (= “the night that wasn’t”) (1974) and Gwanwyn Serch (“spring
of love”)(1982) which was published after his death, and also a volume of
reminiscences Y Tincer Tlawd (“the poor tinker”) (1971) translated (into
English) as The White Lanes of Summer (1975). The volume of reminiscences is of
his childhood in West Wales in the years before the First World War (1914-8).
The name suggests that Y Tincer collects news as it goes around the district.
GOLYGYDD / EDITOR
...Ceris Gruffudd,
...Rhos Helyg,
...23 Maesyrefail,
...Penrhyn-coch,
...Aberystwyth,
...Ceredigion
...SY23 3HE
:_______________________________.
tincera <tin-KEE-ra> [tɪnˡkeˑra] verb
verb without an object
1 ply the trade of tinker
ETYMOLOGY: (tincer = tinker) + (-a, suffix for forming verbs, ‘to perform
the job of’)
:_______________________________.
tinddu <TIN-dhi> [ˡtɪnðɪ]
1
black-arsed
2
y tegell yn galw tinddu ar y crochan /
y tecil yn galw tinddu ar y crochan
the pot calling the kettle black
(“the kettle calling black-arse on the cooking pot”, the kettle saying that
the cooking pot has got a black bottom)
3 tinddu medd y frân wrth y wylan the
pot calling the kettle black (“black-arse said the crow to the seagull”)
ETYMOLOGY: (tin = arse, ass) + soft
mutation + ( du = black)
:_______________________________.
Tinea tinea
1 sgreten (f), sgretenod tench
:_______________________________.
tingoch <TIN-gokh> [ˡtɪngɔx] (adjective)
1 red-arsed, red-bottomed
:_______________________________.
tin-noeth <tiin-NOITH> [tiːn ˡnɔɪθ] adjective
1 bare-arsed
cael eich dal yn din-noeth be caught
with your trousers down
ETYMOLOGY: (tin = bottom, arse, bum)
+ (noeth = bare)
:_______________________________.
tinslip <TIN-slip> [ˡtɪnslɪp] adjective
1 dejected, miserable, unhappy, crestfallen, with its tail between
its legs, cowed
ETYMOLOGY: (tin = arse) + (slip = sloping)
:_______________________________.
tinwen <TIN-wen> [ˡtɪnwɛn] (adjective)
1 white-arsed, white-bottomed. Feminine form of tinwyn
:_______________________________.
tinwyn <TIN-win> [ˡtɪnwɪn] adjective
1 white-arsed
2 Circus cyaneus boda tinwyn or boda dinwen hen harrier (“white-arsed kite”)
(delwedd 7482)
3 Calidris fuscicollis pibydd tinwyn white-rumped sandpiper
(“white-arsed piper”)
(Breeds on northern tundra in Artic islands islands in Canada and Alaska.
Infrequent visitor to Britain).
4 county of Ceredigion glaw tinwyn Abertawe (“white-arsed rain
(from) Abertawe”)
rain from the south-east, heavy and cold, and lasting all day
ETYMOLOGY: (tin = arse) + soft
mutation + (gwyn = white)
:_______________________________.
tin y nyth <tiin
ə NIITH> [tiːn əˡniːθ] masculine noun
1 smallest bird in a nest
2 county of Môn smallest pig
in a litter
3 youngest child in the family
Ned bach oedd y fenga i gyd o’r pum
brawd - tin y nyth fel y bydda ni’n deud
Little Ned was the youngest of the five brothers - the runt (“[the one who is
at] the bottom / the arse of the nest”) as we would say
ETYMOLOGY: (“arse (of) the nest”) (tin
= arse, bottom) + (y = the) + (nyth = nest)
Cf Catalan, which similarly uses the idea of a nest:
caganiu
“shit-nest”, smallest bird in a nest; smallest child in a family
:_______________________________.
tip, tipiau <TIP,
TIP-yai, -e> [tɪp, ˡtɪpjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 tip, dump, rubbish heap
tip glo coal tip (= mound of waste
material from a coal mine)
:_______________________________.
tipio <TIP-yo> [ˡtɪpjɔ] verb
1 tip = deposit rubble or rubbish
lorri dipio plural lorïau tipio (USA: dumptruck)
(Englandic: tip lorry)
ETYMOLOGY: (tip- < English to tip = to dump rubbish) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
tipyn <TI-pin> [ˡtɪpɪn] (masculine noun)
1 a bit
2 gryn dipyn considerably, very much,
quite a bit
Mae hi’n gryn dipyn yn dwymach heddiw It’s a lot warmer today
Lleihaodd nifer yr aelodau gryn dipyn The membership dropped quite a bit
3 tipyn go lew quite a
number, quite a few, a good few (“a fairly bold fragment of”)
tipyn go lew o (bethau) quite a
number of (things), quite a few (things), a good few (things)
:_______________________________.
tir, tiroedd <TIIR,
TII-roidh, -rodh>
[tiːr, ˡtiˑrɔɪð,
-ɔð] (masculine noun)
1 land
2 curo rhywun ar ei dir ei
hun beat somebody at their own game (“beat somebody on their own ground /
land”)
3 y Tir Sanctaidd The Holy Land, Palestine, Canaan; the land
between the Mediterranean Sea and the River Jordan, the area where most events
in the Bible took place
4
mentro ar dir anodd tread on
delicate ground, be in a delicate situation
mentro ar dir peryglus tread on
delicate ground, be in a delicate situation
5 Compound words with tir as the final element
..1/ corstir boggy land (cors = bog) + soft mutation+
(tir = land) > corsdir > corstir
..2/ cytir common land - wood,
pasture and waste
Street name in Bangor – “Cyttir Lane” on maps, which is presumably for Lôn y Cytir
...Y Cytir (SH8715) hillslope in the county of Gwynedd (Meirionnydd district)
cytir < cyd-dir (cyd- = joint) + soft mutation + ( tir = land)
..3/ godir (place names)
lowland (cf gorthir = highland)
godir < *gwodir (gwo- prefix
= under, lower, sub-) + soft mutation + (tir = land)
..5/ gwenithdir land where wheat is
grown (gwenith = wheat) + soft
mutation + ( tir = land)
..6/ parcdir parkland
(grassland with trees here and there)
(parc = field) + soft mutation + (tir = land)
6 canfod tir cyffredin
find common ground
7 tir ymryson land in
dispute, debatable land
Cf the English name Debatable Land
in Scotland, which was the borderland between the rivers Esk and Sark formerly
claimed by both Scotland and England
8 ar dir a daear
Ceredigion on the soil of Ceredigion
Mae hen ddihareb i’r perwyl fod pob
ceiliog yn gawr ar ei esgynlawr ei hun, a buaswn innau yn medru eich annerch
chwi yn hyfach yr ochr arall i afon Teifi, ar dir a daear Ceredigion, yng
ngwlad fy ngenedigaeth. (Enwau Lleoedd /
John Rhys / Cymru / Cyfrol XI. Rhif 63. Hydref 15fed, 1896)
There’s
an old saying to the effect that every rooster is a giant on its own perch, and
I would be able to address you in a bolder manner on the other side of the
river Teifi, in Ceredigion (“on the ground and land of Ceredigion”), in the
land of my birth
9 cyfardir (obsolete) joint ploughland
(cyfar = co-tillage) + soft mutation
+ (tir = land)
10 maestir open country,
plain
(maes = field, open land) + soft
mutation + (tir = land) >
*maesdir > maestir (sd > st)
11 dal eich tir hold your ground, stand your ground, manitain your
ground, stand firm; = not yield
(“hold your land”)
(dal = hold) + (eich = your) + (tir = land)
Dal dy dir (slogan used by the movement Cymuned) – has the metaphoric
meaning of “hold your ground, stand firm” in the face of an ever-increasing
amount of land and property being lost to Welsh control as it falls into the
hands of foreign buyers who move in to Wales) as well as the literal meaning of
“keep your territory”
12
tir llafur land for growing corn
13 y tir mawr the mainland (‘the big
land’)
Compare,
in the Norman language of Normandy, la Graund Terre (‘y
tir mawr’) = Continental Normandy, that is, the part within the French state,
as distinct from the Anglo-Norman Islands (Jersey, Guernsey, etc) under English
jurisdiction.
:_______________________________.
Tircalad <TIIR KA-LAD> [tiːr ˡkɑˑlad] masculine noun
1 House
name noted by John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911) “TIR-CALAD
(the hard land.) A free tenement in the parish of Roath and manor of
Roath-Keynsham (1702.) A ruined house and land named in the Heath Enclosure
Award of 1809. In 1840 it was called Coed Tir Caled, hard-land wood.”
ETYMOLOGY: “y tir caled” (y
definite article) + (tir = land) + (caled = hard).
In the south-east an e in the final syllable becomes > a,
hence caled > calad
:_______________________________.
Tir Iarll <tiir
YARLH> [tiːr ˡjarɬ]
1 district in South-east
Wales
ETYMOLOGY: tir yr iarll “(the) land (of) the earl”, “the earl’s land” (tir = land) + (y definite
article , the) + (iarll = earl)
:_______________________________.
tirfesurydd, tirfesurwyr <tir-ve-SII-ridh,
tir-ve-SIR-wir> [tɪrvɛˡsiˑrɪð, tɪrvɛˡsɪrwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 surveyor
:_______________________________.
tirion <TIR-yon> [ˡtɪrjɔn] adjective
1
kind, gentle
dirion Iesu gentle Jesus (vocative
form)
2
pleasant, nice
Ffarwél i blwy’ Llangywer / a'r Bala
dirion deg Farewell to the parish of Llangywer and fair pleasant Bala (folk
song)
3
In place names
..a/ Bryntirion (house names, street
names) “Mount Pleasant”
“(y) bryn tirion” : “(the) pleasant hill” (bryn
= hill) + (tirion = pleasant)
Cf. The street name “Mount Pleasant” in the district of Bryntirion, Pen-y-bont
ar Ogwr, is a translation of the Welsh district name
..b/ Glyntirion street name in
Cwm-brân (county of Torfaen) (“Glyntirion”)
“(y) glyn tirion” : “(the) pleasant valley” (glyn = valley) + (tirion
= pleasant)
..c/ Meinitirion (as “Meini Tirion”)
street name in Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (“pleasant stones”)
..d/ Plastirion
HOUSE NAME
....i/ house SH7674 near Henryd (Sir Ddinbych) (“Plas Tirion”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH7674
map
STREET NAME
....i/ street name in Johnstown SJ3046, Wrecsam
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ3046
map
....ii/ street name in Tywyn SH7878, Abergele (county of Conwy)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH7878
map
....iii/ “Plastirion Avenue” street name in Prestatyn SJ0682 (county of Y
Fflint) (in Welsh this would be Ffordd
Plastirion or something similar)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/31111
map
NOTE: But see tirion below
:_______________________________.
tirion <TIR-yon> [ˡtɪrjɔn] masculine noun
1
grassland, plain
Place names:
Tirion Pelyn (Gwynedd)
Tirion Mawr, Tirion Bach
(Ceredigion)
(There is a street called Ffordd Tirion in
Sychdyn (county of Y Fflint). Could this also be Tirion = grassland?)
ETYMOLOGY: (tir = land) + (an
element -ion, possibly the plural
suffix, and so literally “la)
:_______________________________.
tiriondeb <tir-YON-deb> [tɪrˡjɔndɛb] masculine noun
1
tenderness, gentleness
2 pleasantness
3 tender care
Eto
er pob gofal a thiriondeb bu farw yn ei chartref tua hanner nos ar 15 Rhagfyr
Yet
in spite of all attention and tender care she died at home towards midnight on
December 15
:_______________________________.
Tiriseg <ti-RI-seg> [tɪrˡɪsɛg] (f / adj)
1 (neologism) Lowlandic, Scots, Doric (the Germanic language of
Scotland derived from Old English)
ETYMOLOGY: (tir is = lower
land) + (-eg adjective and noun
suffix used in language names)
:_______________________________.
tirlun <TIR-lin> [ˡtɪrlɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL tirluniau
<tir-LIN-yai, -e> [tɪrˡlɪnjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 landscape painting
2 gardd dirlun landscape
garden
ETYMOLOGY: (tir = land) + soft
mutation + (llun = picture)
:_______________________________.
tirlunio <tir-LIN-yo> [tɪrˡlɪnjɔ] verb
1 landscape = to improve the
natural features of a garden, park, surroundings of a buildiing, old industrial
site, etc by changing the contours, planting trees, etc
Cynllun i harddu a thirlunio’r ardal
rhwng Doc Fictoria a’r Cei Llechi yng Nghaernarfon
A plan to beautify and landscape the area between Doc Fictoria (= Dock of Queen
Victoria) and Cei Llechi (the Quay of the Slates) in Caernarfon
2 masculine noun landscape
design
ETYMOLOGY: (tirlun = landscape) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
tirluniwr <tir-LIN-yur> [tɪrˡlɪnjʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL tirnlunwyr
<tir-LIN-wir>
[tɪrˡlɪnwɪr]
1 landscape painter (male)
ETYMOLOGY: (tirlun-i-, stem of the
verb tirlunio = to landscape) + (-wr suffix for forming nouns = agent,
‘man’)
:_______________________________.
tirlunwraig <tir-LIN-uraig, -ureg>
[tɪrˡlɪnwraɪg, -wrɛg] masculine noun
PLURAL tirnlunwragedd
<tir-lin-uRAA-gedh>
[tɪrlɪnˡwrɑˑgɛð]
1 landscape painter (female)
ETYMOLOGY: (tirlun-i-, stem of the
verb tirlunio = to landscape) + (-wraig suffix for forming nouns < gwraig
= woman)
:_______________________________.
Tirmynach <tiir-MƏ-nakh>
[tiːr ˡməˑnax]
1 name of a farm SO2243 in
Cleirwy, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/486083
ETYMOLOGY: tir mynach < tir y mynach “(the) land (of) the monk”, i.e.
land owned by a monastery, a grange farm
(tir = land) + (y = the) + (mynach =
monk)
The linking definite article is often omitted in
place names.
See also Tirymynach below
:_______________________________.
Y Tir Newydd <ə
tiir NEU-idh> [ə tiːr ˡnɛʊɪð]
1 Newfoundland
ETYMOLOGY: ‘the new land’ (y = the)
+ (tir = land) + (newydd = new)
:_______________________________.
Tir Ralff <tiir
RALF> [tiːr ˡralf]
1 district in South-west
Wales
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) land (of) Ralph”, “Ralph’s land” (tir = land) + (Ralff =
Ralph)
:_______________________________.
tirwedd <TIR-wedh> [ˡtɪrwɛð] feminine or masculine noun
PLURAL tirweddau
<tir-WEE-dhai, -e> [tɪrˡweˑðaɪ, -ɛ]
1 landscape = area of scenery
y dirwedd / y tirwedd = the
landscape
2 landscape = a type of land surface which is the result of human
action
tirweddau diwydiannol y bedwaredd ganrif
ar ddeg industrial landscapes of the nineteenth century
tirwedd amaethyddol cynhanesyddol
prehistoric agricultural landscape
3 pensaer tirwedd
landscape architect
pensaernïaeth tirwedd landscape
architecture
4 relief = difference between the low point and the high point in an
area
ETYMOLOGY: (tir = land) + soft
mutation + (gwedd = appearance)
:_______________________________.
Tirymynach <tiir ə MƏ-nakh> [tiːr ə ˡməˑnax]
1 a community in northern
Ceredigion, north of Abersystwyth, comprising the five villages of Clarach,
Llangorwen, Bow Street, Pen-y-garn and Y Dolau. The land once belonged to Abaty
Ystrad Fflur, a Cistercian abbey by Pontrhydfendigaid in Ceredigion
(delwedd 7311)
2 SJ2612 a farm (and the name of a former station) near Cei’r Trallwng / Pool
Quay, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/579831
ETYMOLOGY: tir y mynach “(the) land (of) the monk”, i.e. land owned by a
monastery, a grange farm
(tir = land) + (y = the) + (mynach =
monk)
The linking definite article is often omitted in
place names.
Gweler hefyd / See also Tirmynach
:_______________________________.
tithau, “tithe” <TII-thai,
-e> [ˡtiˑθaɪ, -ɛ] (pronoun)
1 you too, ‘thou too’
:_______________________________.
tiwbglychau <tyuub-GLƏ-khai, -e> [tjuˑbˡgləxaɪ, -ɛ] plural noun
1 tubular bells
ETYMOLOGY: “tube bells” (tiwb =
tube) + soft mutation + (clychau =
bells, plural of cloch = bell)
:_______________________________.
tiwl <TYUUL> [tjuːl] masculine noun, adjective
1 tulle = fine net fabric of
silk, rayon, etc
Mae i’r ffrog felfed hon sgert tiwl ac
mae’n ddelfrydol ar gyfer unrhyw barti
This velvet frock has a tulle skirt and it’s ideal for any party
ETYMOLOGY: English tulle ‹tyuul› (= type of cloth) < French tulle < Tulle (the French
name of the Occitan town of Tula [ˡtulɔ] where
the fabric originated)
(delwedd 7321)
:_______________________________.
tiwlip <TIU-lip> [ˡtɪʊlɪp] masculine noun
PLURAL tiwlipau
<tiu-LI-pai, -e> [tɪʊˡlɪpaɪ, -ɛ]
1 tulip
ETYMOLOGY: English tulip < New
Latin < Turkish tülbend (=
turban)
:_______________________________.
tiwmor <TIU-mor> [ˡtɪʊmɔr] masculine noun
PLURAL tiwmorau
<tiu-MOO-rai, -e> [tɪʊˡmoˑraɪ, -ɛ]
1 (USA: tumor) (Englandic:
tumour) = a mass of diseased cells, abnormal swelling
ETYMOLOGY: English tumour < Latin
tumor < tumêre (= swell)
:_______________________________.
tiwn <TYUUN> [tjuːn] feminine or masculine noun
PLURAL tiwniau
<TYUUN-yai, -e> [ˡtjuˑnjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 tune = melody, a piece of
music which is especially memorable
y
diwn / y tiwn the tune
2 mewn tiwn in tune
canu mewn tiwn sing in tune
3 allan o diwn (North,
and standard Welsh) out of tune
maas o diwn (South Wales) out of
tune
canu allan o diwn / canu maas o diwn sing out of tune
4 newid eich tiwn, change
one’s tune = begin to act in a different way after punishment or criticism, or
after a change of opinion
Sosialydd oedd e ond ar ôl cael y swydd
’na mae wedi newid ei diwn a siarad fel hen Dori mae e nawr
He was a Socialist but after getting that job he’s changed his tune and he
talks like an old Tory now
ETYMOLOGY: English tune, variant of tone < French ton < Latin tonus
(stretched cord, sound of this) < Greek tonos
(= tension) < tenein (= to
stretch)
:_______________________________.
tiwn gron <tyuun
GRON> [tjuːn ˡgrɔn] feminine noun
1 repetitive tune (of
something repeated over and over by someone - opinion, comment, complaint,
request, etc); constant gripe
Yr hen diwn gron eto. Adfer gwasanaeth
milwrol er mwyn disgyblu ieuenctid heddiw
The same old tune again. Bring back military service to discipline today’s
young people
2 bod fel tiwn gron be like a record that’s got stuck (said of
someone who constantly repeats something and causes annoyance)
O’r nefoedd! Rwyt ti fel tiwn gron! Rho daw arni, wnei di?
My God! You go on and on! Give it up, will you?
3 bod yn diwn gron gan rywun
be somebody’s constant demand, be one of someone’s pet gripes
Rhaid mynnu bod y Gymraeg ar yr
arwyddion yn gwbl gywir. Nawr rwy’n gwybod bod hon yn diwn gron gen i ers
blynyddoedd.
We have to insist that the Welsh on the signs is absolutely correct. Now I know
this has been a constant gripe of mine for years
Yr un fyddai’r diwn gron ganddo o hyd
He’d go on and on about the same thing all the time
ETYMOLOGY: “round tune, circular tune” (tiwn
= tune) + soft mutation + (cron,
feminine form of crwn = round)
:_______________________________.
tiwniwr piano <TIUN-yur PIAA-no>
[ˡtɪʊnjʊr ˡpɪɑˑnɔ] masculine noun
PLURAL tiwnwyr
pianos <TIUN-wir PIAA-no>
[ˡtɪʊn–wɪr ˡpɪɑˑnɔz]
1 piano tuner
Os am diwniwr piano cysyllter â Hefin
Tomos, Llys Teilo Sant, Caerdydd
If you want a piano tuner contact Hefin Tomos, Llys Teilo Sant (= saint
Teilo’s Court), Caerdydd
ETYMOLOGY: translation of English ‘piano tuner’ (tiwniwr = tuner) + (piano
= piano)
:_______________________________.
tl
1 initial tl <tl> [tl] in certain words can become cl <kl> [kl] in spoken Welsh
(1) tlawd (= poor) > clawd
(2) tlws (= pretty) > clws
(3) Talerddig (= name of a village
in Powys) > T’lerddig > Clerddig
:_______________________________.
tlawd <TLAUD> [tlaʊd] (adjective)
1 poor
The plural form is tlodion <TLOD-yon> [tlɔdjɔn] and is used especially as a noun
y tlodion the poor, the poor people
See tlotyn
A colloquial form is clawd. Cf tlws (= pretty) > clws
:_______________________________.
tlodi <TLOO-di> [ˡtloˑdɪ] masculine noun
1
poverty, beggary, destitution (= utter poverty), misery
dod i dlodi be reduced to poverty
Diarhebion 21:17 Y neb a garo ddifyrrwch, a ddaw i dlodi: a neb a garo win
ac olew, ni bydd gyfoethog
Proverbs 21:17 He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man: he that loveth wine
and oil shall not be rich.
2 diweddu’ch oes mewn tlodi end your life in poverty, spend
the last years of your life in poverty
ETYMOLOGY: (tlawd = poor) + (-i
suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
tlodion <TLOD-yon> [tlɔdjɔn] (adjective)
1 plural form of the adjective tlawd = poor
It is used especially as a noun
y tlodion the poor, the poor people
See tlotyn
:_______________________________.
tlotach <TLO-takh> [ˡtlɔtax] (adjective)
1 poorer
tlotach na... poorer than
:_______________________________.
tlotaf, tlota’ <TLO-tav,
TLO-ta> [ˡtlɔtav, ˡtlɔta] (adjective)
1 the poorest
:_______________________________.
tlotyn <TLO-tin> [ˡtlɔtɪn] masculine
noun
PLURAL tlodion
<TLOD-yon> [ˡtlɔdjɔn]
1
pauper, poor person = person without means of support
2
(1800s) pauper = recipient of Poor-law Relief
3
the place name Pontlotyn (county of
Caerffili) is possibly Pont-tlotyn
< pont y tlotyn "(the)
bridge (of) the poor man"
ETYMOLOGY: tlawd (adjective = poor)
+ soft mutation + (dyn = man) > tlod-ddyn > tlotyn (= poor man, pauper)
:_______________________________.
tlws <TLUUS> [tluːs] (adjective)
1 pretty
A colloquial pronunciation is clws <KLUUS> [kluːs]
Cf tlawd (= poor) > clawd
:_______________________________.
to <TOO> [toː] masculine noun
PLURAL toeau, toeon <TOI-ai, -e,-TOI-on> [ˡtɔɪaɪ,
-ɛ, ˡtɔɪɔn]
1 roof = top of a house
2 roof = top of a vehicle;
to llithrog = sliding roof
3 roof = rooftop, outside of a roof;
tu hwnt i resi toeau’r tai beyond
the rows of the house roofs
4 roofspace, space above the beams and under the roof; ceiling
rhoi’r ffidil yn y to to give up an
activity or attempt (“to put the fiddle (away) in the roofspace”)
5 (formerly) thatched
roof; though now a roof of this type is specified as such
to gwellt thatched roof (“roof (of) straw”)
6 (formerly) thatch = material for making a thatched roof (straw,
reeds); thatching material; reeds for use as thatch; in place names such as
(a) “gwern y to” Gwern y To, Gwern To
= (“(the) swamp, alder-swamp (of) the thatching reeds”)
(b) “gwaun y to” Gwaun y To, Gwaun To
= (“(the) swamp, wet part of a meadow (of) the thatching reeds”)
(c) “cors y to” Cors y To, Cors To =
(“(the) swamp, bog (of) the thatching reeds”)
7 types of roof:
to cawn roof made of rushes
to cribog ridge roof,
to deublyg mansard roof
(“two-pitched roof”),
to gwastad flat roof,
to gwellt thatched roof, roof of
thatching straw
to llech slate roof
8 attributive roof
teilsen do, teils do = roof tile,
roofing tile; roof tiles, roofing tiles;
ffenestr do = skylight
9 amdo shroud,
winding-sheet = piece of cloth in which a dead body is wrapped (am- prefix = around) + soft mutation +
(to covering, ceiling, roof)
10 codi’r to = (song,
concert) bring the house down, receive great applause (“raise the roof”);
cododd y gân y to the song was a
great success, the song won great applause (“the song raised the roof”)
11 gardd ben to - roof
garden, roof with plants - flowers and bushes - in troughs and pots; pen to = (the) top (of) (the) roof
12 figurative, roof =
shelter, accommodation, a place to stay or live
bod gennych do uwch eich pen = have
a roof over your head, have somewhere to live
13 roof = overhead surface of a mine, cave, tunnel, vault
14 byw o dan yr un to to
live under the same roof, to live in the same house
15 aderyn y to (“(the)
bird (of) the (thatched) roof”), llwyd y
to (“(the) grey / brown (bird (of) the (thatched) roof”) = house sparrow
ETYMOLOGY: From the same British root: Cornish to (= roof), Breton toenn
(= roof; here it is a feminine noun, with a feminine diminutive suffix –enn)
NOTE: It is a masculine noun in modern Welsh and Cornish, but historically it
was feminine, as it is currently in modern Breton
:_______________________________.
tocbren <TOK-bren> [ˡtɔkbrɛn] masculine
noun
PLURAL tocbrennau
<tok-BRE-nai, -e> [tɔkˡbrɛnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 pollard, pruned tree
ETYMOLOGY: (toc-, stem of tocio = to prune, to trim, to pollard)
+ soft mutation + (pren = tree)
:_______________________________.
tociad <TOK-yad> [ˡtɔkjad] masculine noun
PLURAL tociadau
<tok-YAA-dai, -e> [tɔkˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (tree) pruning
ar ôl y tociad diwethaf after the last pruning, after it was last pruned
ETYMOLOGY: (toc-, stem of tocio = to prune, to trim, to pollard)
+ (-ad = suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
tocio <TOK-yo> [ˡtɔkjɔ] (verb)
1 (bush, tree, plant) trim, clip, prune; pollard, prune back
tocio’r rhosod trim the roses
tocbren (qv) pollard, a tree that
has been pollarded or pruned back
2 dock (a horse’s tail); shear the wool from a sheep’s tail
3 tocio asgell clip a
wing
4 tocio maip cut leaves
and roots from turnips
5 cut to the right size (eg roof slates: tocio slâts)
6 tocio ar cut back on
Bydd pum cant o weithwyr y cwmni yn cael
eu rhoi ar y clwt wrth iddo geisio tocio ar gostau
Five hundred of the company’s workers will lose their jobs as it tries to cut
costs
ETYMOLOGY: tocio < docio < (doc-, English to dock =
to trim, to cut) + (-io suffix for
forming verbs)
NOTE: Other words in Welsh which have initial t and are taken from English words in initial d are
(1) tracht (= a draught [of wine,
etc]),
(2) tropyn (= drop [of water, etc]),
(3) tamp (= damp)
(4) traen (= drain)
In native words Northern Welsh has doedd (was not) > toedd
:_______________________________.
tocwaith <TOC-waith> [ˡtɔcwaɪθ] masculine noun
1 topiary, art of trimming
bushes into shapes of animals, objects
ETYMOLOGY: (toc-, stem of tocio = to prune, to trim, to pollard)
+ soft mutation + (gwaith = work)
:_______________________________.
tocyn, tocynnau <TO-kin,
to-KƏ-nai, -e>
[ˡtɔkɪn, tɔˡkənaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 ticket
codi tocyn buy a ticket (“raise
a ticket”)
tocyn tymor season ticket
2 token (for a slot machine)
3 counter (in a board game)
:_______________________________.
tocyn dwyfford <to-kin
DUI-fordh> [tɔkɪn ˡdʊɪfɔrð] (masculine noun)
1 round-trip ticket (England: return ticket) (literal translation:
‘ticket of two ways, two roads’)
:_______________________________.
tocyn gwystlo <to-kin
GUIST-lo> [tɔkɪn ˡgʊɪstlɔ]
1 pawn ticket (paper given by
pawnshop owner to customer who pawns an object)
:_______________________________.
tocynnwr,
tocynwyr ‹to-KƏN-ur, to-KƏN-wir› [tɔkɪn ˡgʊɪstlɔ] (masculine noun)
1 ticket inspector
ETYMOLOGY: “ticket man” (tocynn- penult form of tocyn = ticket) + (-wr, suffix meaning ‘man’, in fact the
soft mutated form of gŵr = man)
:_______________________________.
tocyn unffordd <to-kin
IN-fordh> [tɔkɪn ˡɪnfɔrð] (masculine noun)
1 one-way ticket (England: single ticket) (literal translation:
‘ticket of one way, one road)
:_______________________________.
toddwr <TOO-dhur> [ˡtoˑðʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL toddwyr
<TODH-wir> [ˡtɔðwɪr]
1 smelter, founder
toddwr haearn iron smelter, iron
founder
ETYMOLOGY: (todd-, stem of the verb toddio = to throw, to cast, to strike)
+ (-ad, suffix for forming nouns =
‘man’)
:_______________________________.
toeau <TOI-ai, -e> [ˡtɔɪaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 plural of to = roof
:_______________________________.
toedd hi ddim <toi-dhi-DHIM> [tɔɪðɪ ˡðɪm] (verb)
1 she wasn’t (North)
:_______________________________.
toedd o ddim <toi-dho-DHIM> [tɔɪðɔ ˡðɪm] (verb)
1 he wasn’t (North)
:_______________________________.
toeddach chi
ddim <toi-dha-khi-DHIM> [tɔɪðaxɪ ˡðɪm] (verb)
1 you weren’t (North-west)
:_______________________________.
toeddan nhw ddim <toi-dha-nhu-DHIM> [tɔɪðanhʊ ˡðɪm] (verb)
1 they weren’t (North-west)
:_______________________________.
toeddan ni ddim <toi-dha-ni-DHIM> [tɔɪðanɪ ˡðɪm] (verb)
1 we weren’t (North-west)
:_______________________________.
toeddat ti ddim <toi-dha-ti-DHIM> [tɔɪðatɪ ˡðɪm] (verb)
1 you (‘thou’) weren’t (North-west)
:_______________________________.
toeddech chi
ddim <toi-dhe-khi-DHIM> [tɔɪðɛxɪ ˡðɪm] (verb)
1 you weren’t (North-east)
:_______________________________.
toedden nhw ddim <toi-dhu-nhu-DHIM> [tɔɪðʊnhʊ ˡðɪm] (verb)
1 they weren’t (North-east)
:_______________________________.
toedden ni ddim <toi-dhe-ni-DHIM> [tɔɪðɛnɪ ˡðɪm] (verb)
1 we weren’t (North-east)
:_______________________________.
toeddet ti ddim <toi-dhe-ti-DHIM> [tɔɪðɛtɪ ˡðɪm] (verb)
1 you (‘thou’) weren’t (North-east)
:_______________________________.
toeddwn i ddim <toi-dhu-ni-DHIM> [tɔɪðʊnɪ ˡðɪm] (verb)
1 I wasn’t (North)
:_______________________________.
toeon <TOI-on> [ˡtɔɪɔn]
1 plural of to = roof
:_______________________________.
to gwellt <too
GWELHT> [toː ˡgwɛɬt] (masculine noun)
1 thatched roof (‘roof of straw’)
llwydyn y to house sparrow
In the English dialect of Llanidloes:
THATCH-BIRD, the house-sparrow. (Parochial Account of Llanidloes / Edward Hamer
/ Chapter X / Folk-lore. Page 308 Collections Historical and Archeological
Relating to Montgomeryshire and its Borders / 1877)
:_______________________________.
toiled, toiledau <TOI-led,
toi-LEE-dai, -e>
[ˡtɔɪlɛd, tɔɪˡleˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 toilet
:_______________________________.
tolciog <TOLK> [tɔlk] (m)
PLURAL: tolciau <TOLK-yai, -ye> [ˡtɔlkjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 dent (eg in a bucket, a hat, bodywork of a car); chip (in crockery, etc)
bod yn dolciau i gyd be dented all over (“be all dents”)
2 dent (said of expenditure)
Mae’r Adran Hysbysebu wedi bod yn gyfrifol am dolc go helaeth yng nghyllideb
y cwmni
The Advertising Deprtment has been responsible for quite a hefty dent in
the company’s budget
3 (in referring to somebody considered to be lacking in intelligence)
Ma tolc yndo-fe rwle He's not quite right in the head (“there's a dent
in him somewhere”)
4 (corner of a page) indentation
Yr Hebog. Comic Cymraeg Rhif 1, Mth 1967... Tolc i’r corneli ond glân
Casglwr 73 Gaeaf 2001
Yr Hebog (the hawk). Welsh comic. Number 1, March 1967. Corners raggèd but
clean.
5 bwrw tolc yn rhywbeth dent something; chip something
:_______________________________.
tolcio <TOLK-yo> [ˡtɔlkjɔ] (v)
1 dent, bash in
wedi’i tholcio dented, bashed in
······························"Yn
awr y cwnws i'r nen - ei phastwn
········································A ffustws ei gefen;
······························Cnocws, tolcws ei dalcen, -
······························Pan waeddws, baeddws ei ben."
Now (she) raised to the ceiling - her stick, and beat his back; (she) knocked
(and) banged his forehead, and when (he) shouted, (she) struck his head Y
Geninen 1902 t270
:_______________________________.
tolciog <TOLK-yog> [ˡtɔlkjɔg] adjective
1 dented, battered
hen fwced tolciog a dented old bucket
het dolciog a battered hat
2 (road) rough, bumpy, uneven
Nid
oedd y ffordd at y tŷ ond pantle dwfn, budr a tholciog The road
to the house was nothing more than a deep dirty bumpy hollow
3 (wall) bulging
ETYMOLOGY: (tolc = dent) + (-iog, suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
toll, tollau <TOLH,
TO-lhai, -e> [ˡtɔɬ, ˡtoɬaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 toll
y doll the toll
toll fewnforio export duty
toll allforio export duty
:_______________________________.
tollau tramor a
chartref <TO-lhai, -lhe. TRA-mor a KHAR-trev> [ˡtɔɬaɪ, -ɛ, ˡtramɔr a ˡxartrɛv] plural noun
1 (Englandic: customs and
excise) = taxes on imported goods and goods produced within a state (“tolls
(of) abroad and (of) home”)
NOTE: After a (= and) there is
spirant mutation c > ch; hence cartref > chartref
:_______________________________.
tollborth <TOLH-borth> [ˡtɔɬbɔrθ] masculine noun
PLURAL tollbyrth
<TOLH-birth> [ˡtɔɬbɪrθ]
1 pay booth
2
(History) tollgate, tollhouse; pay booth on a turnpike road
Ffordd Tollborth ffordd y
tollborth (= road of the tollgate); street name in Llansamlet (county of
Abertawe)
(seems rather a literary name; more naturally it would be Heol y Glwyd (“(the)
street (of) the gate”) (or whatever local form is used in Llansamlet for
‘gate’)
ffordd dollborth, ffyrdd tollbyrth turnpike road
3
entrance (with pay-booth and turnstile) (at a fairground, etc)
ETYMOLOGY: (toll = toll, payment) +
soft mutation + (porth = gate)
:_______________________________.
tolldal <TOLH-dal> [ˡtɔɬdal] masculine noun
PLURAL tolldaliadau <tolh-dal-YAA-dai,
-e> [tɔɬdalˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 customs duty
ETYMOLOGY: (toll = toll, customs
duty) + soft mutation + (tâl =
payment)
:_______________________________.
tollfa <TOLH-va> [ˡtɔɬva] feminine noun
PLURAL tollféydd <tolh-VEIDH> [tɔɬˡvəɪð]
1 customs = place where one
pays customs duty
y dollfa = the customs
2
toll booth = place where one pays a toll to use a road or cross a bridge
3
warws y dollfa the customs warehouse
:_______________________________.
tollti <TOLH-ti> [ˡtɔɬtɪ] verb
1
(North Wales) to pour
ETYMOLOGY: form of tywalltu (= to
pour). A variant with the verbal termination -u of the standard form is tywallt
:_______________________________.
tollty <TOLH-ti> [ˡtɔɬtɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL tolltai <TOLH-tai> [ˡtɔɬtaɪ]
1 customs house, custom
house; office in a port where customs are paid, where a ship’s documents are
examined before it is allowed to enter the port
ETYMOLOGY: (toll = toll, customs
duty) + soft mutation + (tŷ =
house); tolldy > tollty (with devoicing of the ‘d’ after ‘ll’)
:_______________________________.
tollwr <TO-lhur> [ˡtɔɬʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL tollwyr <TOLH-wir> [ˡtɔɬwɪr]
1 customs officer, customs
man
2
archwiliad y tollwyr customs
examination (“examination (of) the customs men”)
ETYMOLOGY: (toll = toll, customs
duty) + (-wr agent suffix, man)
:_______________________________.
tom <TOM> [tɔm] feminine noun
PLURAL tomydd <TO-midh> [ˡtɔmɪð]
South Wales
NOTE: as feminine noun there is soft mutation after the definite article
Colloquially though in the south the soft-mutated form dom is used as a radical form
dom ieir, rather than *tom ieir
1
(birds) excrement, droppings;
dom colomennod pigeon shit, pigeon
droppings,
dom ieir chicken shit, hen
droppings,
dom gwylannod seagull droppings
2
manure, dung, muck (= farmyard manure);
dom da = cowshit, cow manure
(“manure (of) cattle”)
dom ceffyl = horseshit, horse dung,
horse manure
(Bible) ymdreiglfa yn y dom place
where an animal wallows in its dung
Pedr-2 2:22 Eithr digwyddodd iddynt yn
ôl y wir ddihareb, Y ci a ymchwelodd at ei chwydfa ei hun; a’r hwch wedi ei
golchi, i’w hymdreiglfa yn y dom
Peter-2 2:22 But it is happened unto them according to the true proverb, The
dog is turned to his own vomit again; and the sow that was washed to her
wallowing in the mire.
3
cleren y dom dung fly
4
obsolete mound, heap; see tomen
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic. Cf Irish tom (= bush, shrub; clump)
NOTE: In the North, the equivalent word is tail
= excrement, dung
:_______________________________.
tomato, tomatos <to-MA-to,
to-MA-toz> [tɔˡmatɔ, tɔˡmatɔz] (masculine noun)
1 tomato
:_______________________________.
tomen <TO-men> [ˡtɔmɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL tomenni /
tomennydd <to-ME-ni,
to-ME-nidh> [tɔˡmɛnɪ, tɔˡmɛnɪð]
1 pile, tip, heap
y domen = the pile
2 dungheap, dunghill
Eisia 25:10 Canys llaw yr ARGLWYDD a orffwys yn y mynydd hwn, a Moab a
sethrir tano, fel sathru gwellt mewn tomen.
Isiah 25:10 For the hand of the
LORD will rest on this mountain, And Moab will be trodden down in his place as
straw is trodden down in the water of a dunghill.
tomen dail (“heap (of) dung”)
muckheap, dungheap, dunghill, shit-heap, kitchen midden
Cleren o'r domen sy'n hedfan ucha “a
fly from the dung heap flies highest” (said of someone of lowly beginnings who
rises to a very prominent position, possibly to overcompensate for this lowly
origin)
fel iâr ar ben y domen (person)
untidy, messy (“like a hen on top of the dungheap”)
ceiliog pen y domen the top dog,
king of the castle, the big cheese, the one who gives the orders (“the cock on
top of the dunghill”)
Similes to indicate saturation and
profuse sweating, alluding to the moist nature of a dungheap:
gwlyb domen <gwliib DO-men> [gwliːbˡ dɔmɛn] soaking wet (‘wet
like a dung heap’)
chwys domen dripping in sweat
(“sweat [of] dungheap”).
bod yn chwys domen be dripping in sweat
mynd yn chwys domen break out into a
sweat
bod yn chwys domen be sweating pints
4
scrap heap
tomen sgrap scrap heap
taflu (rhywbeth) ar y domen throw
something onto the scrap heap (“on the heap”)
taflu (rhywbeth) dros ben y domen
throw something onto the scrap heap (“over the top of the heap”)
5 mound
= castle mound, motte of a castle
tomen castell castle mound
Place names:
..a/ Y Domen Las (= the green
mound / motte) SN6896 a motte by on the bank of Afon Dyfi just below the
confluence where Afon Einion joins it. Near Eglwys-fach (Ceredigion). It began
as a defensive ditch in 1156 when Arglwydd Rhys sought to defend the
northernmost part of his lands from an incursion by Owain ap Gruffudd ap Cynan
from the territory of Gwynedd to the nort. The attack did not take subsequently
place, but Argwlydd Rhys raised a mound and built a castle on it. Two years
late it was captured by Normans, though that same year it was recaptured by the
Welsh.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN6896
..b/ Yr Hen Domen SO214980 by
Trefaldwyn (county of Powys)
yr hen domen = the old castle-mound
..b/ Yr Hen Domen SJ24051881
Llansantffraid Deuddwr (county of Powys)
..d/ Tomen
y Castell, Gwyddelwern
A Topographical Dictionary of Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849: Gwyddelwern…On Bettws mountain, in the Uwch-Mynydd
division, are vestiges of an ancient British encampment ; and about
three-quarters of a mile south of the village of Gwyddelwern, in a field by the
road side, there is an artifIcial mound, surrounded by a fosse, called Tommen y
Castell, together with some tumuli.
..e/ Tomen y Bala a castle mound in
Y Bala (county of Gwynedd)
..f/ Tomen y Faerdre SJ1956 a castle
mound in Llanarmon yn Iâl
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/113830
..g/ Tomen y Mur by Maentwrog,
Gwynedd “(the) mound (of) the wall”, “(the) mound (which has) the wall (around
it)”
See entry (Tomen y Mur) below, as a separate headword
..h/ Tynydomen SJ 012107
English name: Cann Office
Locality in Llangadfan (county of Powys) on the road from Y Trallwng to Mallwyd
“ty’n / tyddyn y domen” (“(the) smallholding (of) the castle mound”). Nowadays
it is an inn; in the back garden there is a mound which is the remnant of a
motte and bailey castle constructed in the twelfth century
..i/ Y Domen Fawr “the great mound” Name of a square in Dolgellau
(Gwynedd). Called “Meyrick Square” by the English.
:_______________________________.
tomen lechi <TO-men LEE-khi>
[ˡtɔmɛn ˡleˑxɪ] feminine noun
PLURAL tomenni
llechi, tomennydd llechi <to-ME-ni, -nidh, LHEE-khi> [tɔˡmɛnɪ, -nɪð, ˡɬeˑxɪ]
1 slate tip
ETYMOLOGY: “mound [of] slates” (tomen
= mound) + soft mutation + (llechi =
slates, plural of llech = slate)
:_______________________________.
Tomen y Meirw
<TO-men ə MEI-ru>
[ˡtɔmɛn ə
ˡməɪrʊ]
1 SJ1638 a round barrow west of
Glynceiriog (or Llansanffráid Glyn Ceiriog)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1638
ETYMOLOGY tomen y meirw “(the) mound (of) the dead people”
(tomen = mound / tumulus / barrow) + (y definite article = the) +
(meirw = dead people, a noun which is the plural form of the adjective marw
= dead)
:_______________________________.
Tomen y Mur
<TO-men ə MIIR> [ˡtɔmɛn
ə ˡmiːr]
1 A motte or castle mound
(probably Norman) constructed over the boundary wall of a first century Roman
military camp.
ETYMOLOGY: tomen y mur “(the) mound (of) the wall” i.e. “(the) mound
(which has) the wall (around it)” – presumably there are / were other
earthworks in the area described as being a ‘tomen’. The wall referred to is
the perimeter wall of the old Roman camp
NOTE: An older name was Mur y Castell “(the)
wall (by) the
castle” - rather than “castle wall”, “(the) wall
(of) the castle”
Mur y Castell appears in the fourth tale of the Mabinogi , Math
fab Mathonwy. In this tale Llew Llaw Gyffes and his wife Blodeuwedd live here
in the fort, after the sorceror Gwydion and Math fab Mathonwy, king of Gwynedd,
create her for Lleu out of broom flowers, meadowsweet and oak blossom
:_______________________________.
Tomos <TO-mos> [ˡtɔmɔs] (masculine noun)
1 Thomas
2 Sant Tomos o Acwin Saint Thomas
Aquinas, Italian theologian and philosopher (1225-1774)
ETYMOLOGY: Probably from an English form “Thomos”, a variant of “Thomas”,
rather than a change within Welsh of Tomas > Tomos (though final a
> o occurs in some Welsh words e.g. gwastad (=
flat) > gwastod)
:_______________________________.
tomwellt <TOM-welht> [ˡtɔmwɛɬt] masculine noun
1 mulch, decomposing
vegetable matter and dung placed over earth to reduce evaporation and wind
erosion
cf gwellt mewn tomen the straw in a dungheap
Eisia 25:10 Canys llaw yr ARGLWYDD a orffwys yn
y mynydd hwn, a Moab a sethrir tano, fel sathru gwellt mewn tomen.
Isiah 25:10 For the hand of the LORD
will rest on this mountain, And Moab will be trodden down in his place as straw
is trodden down in the water of a dunghill.
ETYMOLOGY: (tom = excrement,
dung, shit) + soft mutation + (gwellt
= straw, grass)
:_______________________________.
tomysol <tom-Ə-sol> [tɔmˡəsɔl] adjective
1 scatophagous,
excrement-eating
chwilod tomysol scatophagous
beetles, dung beetles
trychfilod tomysol scatophagous insects
ETYMOLOGY: (tom = excrement, shit) +
(-ysol = -eating);
(ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-ol
suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
tomysor <tom-Ə-sor> [tɔmˡəsɔr] masculine noun
PLURAL tomysorion <tom-ə-SOR-yon> [tɔməˡsɔrjɔn]
1 scatophage, a creature that
feeds on dung, an excrement-eating creature
ETYMOLOGY: (tom = excrement, dung,
shit) + (-ysor = -eater, animal
which eats);
(ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-or
suffix for indicating a an agent)
This suffix -or is from Latin -ârius, as in Welsh canghellor (= chancellor) < Latin cancellârius; it was later detached to
be used as a suffix with native words – such as telynor (= harpist).
:_______________________________.
ton <TON> [tɔn] feminine
noun
PLURAL tonnau <TO-nai, -e> [ˡtɔnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 wave = ridge on the surface
of a liquid
y don the wave
2 wave (in the sea)
ton fawr plural tonnau mawr breaker, large wave
hollti’r tonnau (ship) plough the
waves (“split the waves”)
ar frig ton on the crest of a wave
ar frig y don on the crest of the
wave
3 y don the sea (cf
English ‘the waves’ = the sea)
marw ar y don (literary) to drown at
sea
gwely’r don (literary) the bottom of
the sea, the sea bed
distyll y don (South-east) low tide
4 something which surges like a wave; rise, increase; swelling up
(followed by a decrease)
ton o frwdfrydedd a wave of
enthusiasm (pwl, hwrdd)
Daeth ton o hiraeth drosto A wave of
longing came over him
5 wave = curve in the hair
Mae ei wallt yn donnau His hair is
wavy (“his hair is (in the form of) waves”)
6 Gwêl-y-don / Gwêl y Don “view
(of) the sea”, sea view
House name
(gwêl = view) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (ton = wave; sea)
7 house names / street names
..a/ Glan-y-don / Glan y Don house name “edge (of)
the sea”, sea’s edge
Also Glan-don / Glan Don
..b/ Sŵn-y-don / Sŵn y Don (“(the) sound
(of) the sea”)
..1/ Baecolwyn (county of Conwy) (“Swn y Don”)
..2/ Benllech, Tyn-y-gongl (county of Môn) (“Swn y Don”)
..c/ Trem-y-don / Trem y Don “view (of) the sea”,
sea view
House name, and also a street name in a number of places
8
Moel y Don <MOIL
ə DON> [mɔɪl ə ˡdɔn] hill on Ynys Môn
(“(the) hill (overlooking) the sea”) (moel
= hill) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (ton = wave;
sea)
9 Craig-y-don SH7981 <KRAIG ə DON> [kraɪg ə ˡdɔn] district of Llandudno
(“(the) rock (overlooking) the sea”) (craig
= rock, crag, cliff) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (ton =
wave; sea)
10
Ton name
Dylan Ail Don = Dylan son of Ton (=
the wave - a sea god in the 'Mabinogi').
..a/ Dylan < dylanw (dy- intensifying
prefix) + soft mutation + (llanw =
tide)
..b/ ail = second; in older Welsh,
used with the sense of ‘son’;
causes soft mutation Ton > Don
11
ton lanw tidal wave
12 ton seismig seismic
wave
13 ton radio radio wave
14 y nawfed don the ninth
wave, supposed traditionally to be bigger and stronger than the preceding or
following eight
15 crychdon ripple
(crych- <ə> [ə] penult syllable form of crych <ii> [iː] = ripple) + soft mutation + (ton = wave)
crychdonni to ripple
16
gwendon white-crested wave, foaming
wave
‘white wave’ (gwen = feminine form
of gwyn = blanc) + soft mutation + (ton = wave)
17
tonfedd wavelength
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ton < tonn < British *tund-â < Celtic *tumd-â
From the same Celtic root: Irish tonn
(= wave), Breton tonn (= wave),
Cornish tonn (= wave),
Cf Latin tumêre (= to swell), as in
English tumour, tumult
:_______________________________.
ton <TON> [tɔn] masculine
noun
1 grassland, layland,
meadowland, sward (= grassy surface), greensward
cae o don grass field, a field with
pasture
2 in many place names in South-east Wales:
Heol Don
John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911), notes
(1905 volume): Heol-Don (the lane to the layalnd). A hosue in the parish of
Whitchurch, o teh west of Velindre (1886).
One would expect Heol y Ton. As it stands, it means “greensward lane”,
so possibly the meaning is “road across the grassland / pasture”.
Mynydd Ton < mynydd y ton
(“mountain (of) the pasture”),
Y Ton-du (“black grassland” i.e.
grassland on black soil) (SS8984) (village in the county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
Tongwynlais (“grassland by the
Gwynlais stream”) (ST1382) (village in the county of Caer-dydd)
Y Tonmawr (“great pasture”)
(SS8096) (village in the county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
Y Tonna (= tonnau, “grasslands”)
(SS7799) (village in the county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
Tonpentre (“grassland by the place
called Pentre”; pentre = village) (SS9695) (village in the county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
Y Ton-teg (“fair / bonny grassland”)
..a/ (ST0986) (village
in the county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
..b/ street name in Pen-coed (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (“Ton Teg”)
Tonypandy (“(the) grassland (of) the
fulling mill”) (SS9992) (village in the county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
Tonypistyll (ST1996) (“(the)
grassland (of) the spring / water source”) (locality in the county of
Caerffili)
Tonyrefail (“(the) grassland (of)
the smithy”) (ST0188) (village in the county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
3 obsolete cyfyldon <kə-VƏL-don> [kəˡvəldɔn] = grass at the side
of the road;
(cyfyl = edge) + soft mutation + (ton = grassland)
this was used in the district of Gwynllŵg
<gwin-LHUUG> [gwɪnˡɬuːg] (locality in South-east Wales between the cities of Caer-dydd and Casnewydd)
4
South-east Wales hendon unploughed pasture land, old sward, old land
(hen = old) + soft mutation + (ton = pasture, grassland)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *tond-
From the same British root: Cornish tonn
(= grassland), Breton tonenn (=
vegetal layer of soil)
:_______________________________.
Y Ton <ə TON> [ə ˡtɔn] masculine
noun
1 short form of place names
with ton as the first element
..a/ Tongwynlais (ST1382) (village in the county of Caer-dydd)
Ffair Ton (= Ffair y Ton) was the
name of the Tongwynlais Fair, in Tongwynlais by Caer-dydd (Welsh Outlook 26,
1929)
2
Y Ton “the grassland”
..a/ ST3696 place in the county
of Mynwy, east of Croesyceiliog (county of Torfaen)
..b/ SS8777
name of a farm in Tregawntlo /
Candleston (county of Bro Morgannwg / Vale of Glamorgan)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/719618
:_______________________________.
tôn, tonau <TOON,
TOO-nai, -e> [toːn, ˡtoˑnaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 melody, tune
y dôn = the melody
:_______________________________.
tondir <TON-dir> [ˡtɔndɪr] masculine
noun
PLURAL tondiroedd
<ton-DII-roidh, -rodh> [tɔnˡdiˑrɔɪð, -ɔð]
1 South Wales grassland, layland
Yr oedd drws hen amaethdy Gelliwrgan yn
agor i ddarn o dondir ysgwâr (Tarian y Gweithiwr 04 05 1899)
The door of the old farmhouse of Gelliwrgan opened onto a piece of square
grassland
ETYMOLOGY: (ton = grassland) + soft
mutation + (tir = land)
:_______________________________.
tonnen <TO-nen> [ˡtɔnɛn] feminine
noun
PLURAL tonenni
<to-NE-ni>
[tɔˡnɛnɪ]
1 grassland
y donnen = the grassland
2
district of Arfon, in the county of
Gwynedd quagmire
3
county of Ceredigion skin
tonnen cig moch hard skin on bacon
ETYMOLOGY: (ton = surface, skin) + (-en suffix dimiutive suffix)
Breton tonenn (= vegetal layer of
soil; bacon rind)
:_______________________________.
tonnog <TO-nog> [ˡtɔnɔg] adjective
1 wavy, ondulating
môr tonnog, tywodlyd y Sahara the
ondulating sandy sea of the Sahara
gwallt brown tonnog wavy brown hair
2 rolling (countryside)
3 (electric current) alternating
cerrynt tonnog = alternating
current, AC; the more usual
expression is cyrrent eiledol :
4 (sea) rough, choppy
ETYMOLOGY: (ton = wave) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
tonsur <TON-sir> [ˡtɔnsɪr] masculine noun
PLURAL tonsuriau
<ton-SIR-yai, -e> [tɔnˡsɪrjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 tonsure = the shaven part
of a head
ETYMOLOGY: English tonsure <
French, or directly from Latin tônsûra
< tondêre (= to shave)
:_______________________________.
tonsurio <ton-SIR-yo> [tɔnˡsɪrjɔ] masculine noun
1 to tonsure = to shave part of the head on becoming a monk
ETYMOLOGY: (tonsur = tonsure) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
Ton-teg <ton TEEG> [tɔn ˡteːg]
1
ST0986 locality in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf, south-east Wales
2 street name in Pen-coed (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (spelt as “Ton Teg”)
ETYMOLOGY: “(y) ton teg” ‘(the) fair / beautiful pasture’
(y definite article) + (ton = pasture, meadowland, grassland) +
(teg = fair, beautiful, bonny)
:_______________________________.
Tonwen <TON-wen> [ˡtɔnwɛn]
1
female forename
ETYMOLOGY: ‘sea’
(ton = wave, sea) + (-wen suffix used in creating femlae
names; in origin, the soft-mutated form of gwen, the feminine form of gwyn
= white; fair, beautiful, bonnie)
:_______________________________.
Tonyrywen <TON
ər Ə-wen> [ˡtɔn ər ˡəwɛn] feminine noun
1 Place name. Name of a farm
in Caer-dydd which is no longer in existence.
John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911), notes “A
farmhouse on the east side of the Llanishen Road, at the third milestone north
from Cardiff, on the Heath”.
The name is preserved in a street name (officially “Ton-yr-Ywen Avenue”) which
would be Heol Tonyrywen in Welsh.
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) layland (of) the yew tree”) (ton = grassland, layland) + (yr
definite article) + (ywen = yew,
yew tree)
:_______________________________.
top, topiau <TOP,
TOP-yai, -e> [tɔp, ˡtɔpjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 top
2 top y tebot <top ə TEE-bot> [tɔp ə
ˡteˑbɔt] top of a teapot
.........................................................
In place names
Top-y-glol SH9574 farm in Moelfre, Conwy “(the) top (of) the knoll”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/127716
Top-y-glol
.........................................................
Top Rhymni the top part of the village of Rhymni
.........................................................
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1008
map
.........................................................
3 Y Topiau SH8259 highland by Melin-y-coed (county of Conwy)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=323512
Y Topiau
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/514139
heolydd at y Topiau
.........................................................
4 Top-y-fron farm SJ2769 in the county of Y Fflint west of Golfftyn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=332467
map
.........................................................
5 Top-y-rhos SJ2558 locality in Treuddyn (county of Y Fflint)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=322569
map
.........................................................
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh top < English top < Old English <
Germanic
Cf Dutch top (= hilltop, summit), German der Zopf (= top of a
tree trunk; plait; plaited loaf), Norwegian topp (= top, peak, summit)
:_______________________________.
tor <TOR> [tɔr] m
PLURAL torion
<TOR-yon>
[ˡtɔrjɔn]
1 break, interruption, breach, breaking
didor <DII-dor> [ˡdiˑdɔr], di-dor <di-DOOR> [dɪˡdoːr] uninterrupted
(di-, negative prefix) + soft
mutaiton + (tor = treatment) < torri (= to break)
2
daeardor (Geology) cleft, fissure
(daear = land ) + soft mutation + ( tor = break, rupture)
3
tor llengig hernia (“breaking (of)
diaphragm”)
4
torryn piece of chopped straw; piece
of chaff
torion chopped straw; chaff
5
tor hawlfraint breach of copyright
6
tor proffes apostasy (“breach of
religious faith”)
7
tor addewid breach of promise
8 tor amod
priodas breach of promise (Law, formerly) violation of a promise to marry
somebody
9
tor ymddiried breach of trust,
breach of faith
10
tor Saboth Sabbath breaking
11
tor heddwch breach of the peace
12
ar dor (tor- = stem of verb torri) being cut
cosyn ar dor a cheese which one has
started to cut up
ETYMOLOGY: stem of the verb torri (=
cut, break)
:_______________________________.
torbren <TOR-bren> [ˡtɔrbr ɛn] m
PLURAL torbrennau
<tor-BREN-ai, -e> [tɔrˡbrɛnaɪ,
-nɛ]
1 off-cut
ETYMOLOGY: (tor- stem of torri = to break) + soft mutation + (pren
= wood)
:_______________________________.
torcalon <tor-KA-llon> [tɔrˡkallɔn] masculine noun
1 heartbreak
marw o dorcalon die of a broken
heart, die heartbroken
ETYMOLOGY: (tor = breaking, rupture)
+ (calon = heart)
:_______________________________.
torch <TORKH> [tɔrx] feminine noun
PLURAL torchau
<TOR-khai, -e> [ˡtɔrxaɪ, -ɛ]
y dorch = the wreath, the horse
collar, etc
1
coil (hair, rope, etc)
2
horse collar
3 coil of a snake
4
straw coil or iron ring put on a table under a hot pot
Also called: torch ffwrn
5
torch trwysus (USA: trouser cuff)
(Englandic: trouser turn-up)
Roedd torchau fy nhrywsus yn llawn tywod
The turn-ups of my trousers were full of sand
Gwentian (= south-eastern Welsh): torcha’i
drywziz his trouser cuffs
6
torch llawes shirt cuff
7
bod yn dorchau (socks) be curled up
8
bod yn dorch (cat) be curled up
9
wreath
torch o flodau wreath
10
coil of cloth placed on the head in order to steady an object carried on the
head - pitcher of water, etc
11
gleindorch necklace, string of beads
(glein-, penult syllable form of glain = bead) + soft mutation + (torch = torque, necklace)
12
torque = necklace made of twisted metal, usually gold, worn by the ancient
Celts and Germans
gyddfdorch torque
(gydd-, penult syllable form of gwddf = neck) + soft mutation + (torch = torque, necklace)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin from torquês < torquêre (=
to twist)
Two English words from Latin *torca
are:
..a/ torch (= illumination), which is from Old French torche (= twisted straw), from Latin *torca < torquêre (=
to twist);
..b/ truss (= bundle of hay, belt
for hernia, structural framework) < Middle English trusse(n) < Old French trousser
< torser < Vulgar Latin torciâre < Latin *torca < torqua < torquês
Indo-European root *terkw-
:_______________________________.
torf, torfoedd /
torféydd <TORV,
TOR-voidh, tor-VEIDH> [tɔrv, ˡtɔrvɔɪð, tɔrˡvəɪð] (feminine noun)
1 crowd
y dorf the crowd
2
ymwthio trwy’r dorf push one’s way
through the crowd (“push oneself through the crowd”)
3
ymdoddi i’r dorf melt into the
crowd, disappear
ETYMOLOGY: Latin turba (= confusion, noise; crowd; rabble,
mob) > British > Welsh.
Cf Catalan turba (= crowd, throng; mob, rabble)
Cf English turbulent 1500+ < Latin turbulentus < turba (=
confusion)
:_______________________________.
Torfaen <TOR-vain> [ˡtɔrvaɪn] feminine
noun
1 Afon Torfaen a river in Gwent; the former name of Afon Lwyd (“grey
river”)
2
(since 1996) one of the 22 counties of Wales. Administrative centre: Pont-y-pŵl.
Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 2.5% (1981)
3 (1974-1996) district (“dosbarth”) of
the county of Gwent
4 electoral constituency with one seat in the ‘Cynulliad / Assembly’
(parliament) of Wales
5 electoral constituency with one seat in the parliament of the
English state in London
ETYMOLOGY: “break-stone” (torr- stem
of torri = break) + soft mutation +
(maen = stone); so called because of
the force of the flowing water
The pronuciation used by many English-speakers with the accent on the final
element (Torfáen) [tor VAIN] is incorrect. It should be accented exactly as torlan
(qv) (= [eroded] river bank)
:_______________________________.
torfol <TOR-vol> [ˡtɔrvɔl] adjective
1 mass = of the general
population
2
picedu torfol mass picketing
3
cyfathrebu torfol mass communication
4
enw torfol collective noun, mass
noun
5
llofrudd torfol mass murderer
5
husteria (hysteria) torfol mass
hysteria
ETYMOLOGY: (torf = crowd) + (-ol = suffix)
:_______________________________.
torheulo <tor-HEI-lo> [tɔrˡhəɪlɔ] (verb)
1 sunbathe
ETYMOLOGY: “belly-sun”, i.e. to sun the belly.
(tor = belly) + (heulo = to sun, expose to sunlight)
:_______________________________.
Tori <TOO-ri> [ˡtoˑrɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL Torïaid
<to-RII-aid, -ed> [tɔˡriˑaɪd, -ɛd]
1 (Ireland) (century 1600)
“outlaw”, “enemy”, referring to an Irish person who carried out attacks on
English settlers in Ireland.
1/ The land and property of the Irish owners had been confiscated and
appropriated by the Scots and English settlers brought into Ireland by the
English goverment. The expelled native Irish carried out attacks of revenge on
the invaders. Such a person was termed a toraidhe in Irish (“pursuer;
outlaw, bandit”)
2/ Later Tory was used in a sense of “opponent
of the status quo” and as such was the name given to the supporters of James,
Duke of York, by his detractors.
3/ The Duke had been excluded from the royal succession in 1679-1680, and his
supporters claimed that the throne of England was rightfully his.
4/ After this, in English
‘Tory’ became a description for people who supported conservative causes
5/ Subsequently, in the 1830s, it was
applied to the members of the Conservative Party formed in England (some 150
years after its use for supporters of James, Duke of York)
2 (England) Tory, member or supporter of the English Conservative
Party
3 (United States of America) (before the Declaration of
Independence, 1776) Tory = an American supporter of continued English rule of
the American colonies; American English loyalist
4 (Canada) Tory, member or supporter of the Conservative Party of
Canada
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Tori < English Tory < Irish tóraidhe (modern Irish tóraí)
(= outlaw, bandit; a person who pursues or chases) < tóir (= pursuit, chase)
:_______________________________.
toriad <TOR-yad> [ˡtɔrjad] masculine noun
PLURAL toriadau
<tor-YAA-dai, -e> [tɔrˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1
break, rupture
2 Electricity cut = disruption of the
supply of electricity
toriad trydan power cut
toriad mewn cylched a break
in a circuit
3
cut = act of cutting (with a knife, scissors, etc)
Roedd o yno yn nhoriad y bogail (“it
(= a bad trait) was there at the cutting of the umbilical cord”)
Said of somebody who has committed some crime or misdeed and is thus continuing
a family tradition
4
an incision made by cutting (with a knife, scissors, etc)
5 cutting
= part of a plant such as a stem or leaf which can on planting will develop its
own roots and become an independent plant
6
cutting = piece which results from cutting off or cutting out from the main
part (piece of cloth, newspaper report, etc)
toriad o bapur newydd (USA:
clipping, article or photo cut out of a newspaper) (Englandic: cutting,
newspaper cutting)
7
cut = reduction in spending in a government department leading to the provision
of fewer services in the services by that department and the dismissal of staff
Mae’r adran yn wynebu toriadau ar ôl
gorwario can mil o bunnau
The department faces cuts after overspending by one hundred thousand pounds
8
break = interruption of continuity
toriad mewn trafodaethau a breakdown
in talks, interruption in negotiations
9
beginning
toriad dydd, toriad y dydd daybreak, dawn, period when sunlight appears and
darkness recedes
ar doriad dydd at daybreak
cyn toriad gwawr before daybreak
toriad y gwanwyn beginning of spring
10
cut = the style in which a garment is cut
siwt o doriad da a well-cut suit
(“(a) suit of (a) good cut”)
11
echdoriad eruption
‘outbreak’ (ech- prefix = outside) +
soft mutation + (toriad = break)
:_______________________________.
Torïaeth <to-RII-aith, -eth> [tɔˡriˑaɪθ,
-ɛθ] feminine noun
1 Toryism = the advocacy of
Conservative politics
:_______________________________.
Torïaidd <to-RII-aidh, -edh> [tɔˡriˑaɪð,
-ɛð] adjective
1 Tory = related to the
English Tory party
Un o’r cadarnleoedd Torïaidd yng Nghymru
yw Sir Fynwy
The county of Mynwy is one of the Tory strongholds in Wales
Nid yw’r wasg Dorïaidd yn gweld Cymru
fel cenedl
The Tory press does not regard Wales as a nation
Y Lloegr Dorïaidd
Tory England, that part of the English population which supports the Tories
ETYMOLOGY: (Tori = Tory) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
torion <TOR-yon> [ˡtɔrjɔn] mpl
1
chaff; chopped straw; etc See torryn
:_______________________________.
torlan <TOR-lan> [ˡtɔrlan] feminine noun
PLURAL torlannau
<tor-LA-nai, -e> [tɔrˡlanaɪ, -ɛ]
1 river bank (undercut bank =
eroded bank on the outside bend through the action of the river current)
y dorlan the river bank
2
glas y dorlan Alcedo atthis kingfisher (“(the) blue (bird) (of) the (eroded)
bank”)
3
pibydd y dorlan Tringa hypoleucos common sandpiper (“(the) piper (bird) (of) the
(eroded) bank
ETYMOLOGY: (torr-, stem of torri = to break)) + soft mutation + (glan = river bank); torr- > tor- before a consonant)
:_______________________________.
torri <TO-ri> [ˡtɔrɪ] (verb)
1 break
2
lle torri gwallt barber's shop
mynd i’r lle torri gwallt go to the
barber’s
3
rhoi eich pen i’w dorri risk your
neck, stick your neck out, do something risky which might result in failure,
say something which might result in criticism or ridicule
(“give / put / place your head for its cutting (off)”)
4
cael torri eich gwallt have a hair
cut / hairdo
5
torri’r sgwrs butt into a
conversation (“break the discourse”)
Peidiwch â thorri’r sgwrs don’t butt
in
6
break (the ground)
torri cwys plough a furrow
torri cwys unig to plough a lonely
furrow, be the only person studying some phenomenon, investigating some matter
7
torri cefn y gwaith break the back
of the work
8
torri’ch colledion cut your losses
9
Ni thorrir asgwrn gan air caled Hard
words break no bones (“a bone is not broken by a hard word”). Cf. The English
saying "Sticks and stones may break my bones, but
names can never hurt me”.
10
torri (wal) i lawr knock down, flatten (a wall)
torri (drws) i lawr break (a door)
down
11 torri’ch
mudandod break your silence
12 torri pen rhywun run somebody down
(behind his back), say mean things about somebody (in their absence)
13
torri ar hwyl rhywun spoil
somebody’s fun
14 torri’ch trwyn i ddial ar eich wyneb to
cut off your nose to spite your face (“cut off your nose to get-revenge on your
face”); i.e. to seize an opportunity to do something which will harm your rival
/ adversary / enemy though it causes yourself a great deal of harm too
15
torri’n gymalau dismember (“cut
into articulations”)
16 cut, reap, mow
torri llafur cut corn
17 cut down (a tree)
Pan dorrir y deri ar ochr Eryri when the oaks on the slope of Eryri
shall be cut down
In making this Road [Nant Francon to Capelcurig], a little beyond Ogwen Lake,
the workmen were surprised by an unexpected forest, evidently one of those cut
down by Edward I. of whom we are told that it was one of his political acts to
cut down the woods in the forests of Snowdon, lest they should give shelter to
ambuscades. Trunks of trees have frequently been found in the turbaries in
these mountains, and hazels with nuts attached, which ascertains the time of
fructification to have been that of destruction. And an intelligent and
judicious writer of our own days asserts it to be certain that " the sides
of our Snowdonian Alps were once covered with woods." "Pan dòrir y
deri ar ochr Eryri,” being an adage "in every shepherd's mouth on
those mountains; and proves that, when those lines were composed, some of the
heights of Snowdon were forests of oak."—See Davies's Economy of North
Wales, p. 229.
Beaumaris Bay: The Shores of the Menai, and the Interior of Snowdonia;
Scenery Unrivalled in its Comprehensive Variety, The Interesting Objects which
it includes, and the Sublime Prominence of its Features. Richard Llwyd. 1832
:_______________________________.
torri ar draws <TO-ri
ar DRAUS> [ˡtɔrɪ ar ˡdraʊs] (verb)
1 interrupt
:_______________________________.
torri i lawr <TO-ri
i LAUR> [ˡtɔrɪ ɪ ˡlaʊr] (verb)
1 break down
:_______________________________.
torri lawr =
torri i lawr <TO-ri
LAUR> [ˡtɔrɪ ˡlaʊr] (verb)
1 break down
:_______________________________.
torri syched <TO-ri
SƏ-khed> [ˡtɔrɪ ˡsəxɛd] (verb)
1 slake one’s thirst
Torrodd ei syched â dw^r glân he slaked his thirst with pure water
:_______________________________.
torrwr <TO-rur> [ˡtɔrʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL torwyr
<TOR-wir>
[ˡtɔrwɪr]
1 (implement, machine)
breaker, cutter
torrwr rhew icebreaker
torrwr iâ icebreaker
torrwr crwst pastry cutter
2
person who digs, breaks, cuts, castrates
torrwr beddau (qv) gravedigger
torrwr ceffylau (qv) gelder,
castrater of horses
torrwr cerrig (qv) stone breaker,
etc
ETYMOLOGY: (torr-, stem of torri = cut, break) + (-wr ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
torrwr beddau <TO-rur BEE-dhai, -e> [ˡtɔrʊr ˡbeˑðaɪ, -ɛ] masculine noun
PLURAL torwyr
beddau <TOR-wir BEE-dhai, -e> [ˡtɔrwɪr ˡ beˑðaɪ, -ɛ]
1 gravedigger
:_______________________________.
torrwr ceffylau <TO-rur ke-FƏ-lai, -e> [ˡtɔrʊr kɛˡfəlaɪ, -ɛ] masculine noun
PLURAL torwyr
ceffylau <TOR-wir ke-FƏ-lai, -e> [ˡtɔrwɪr kɛˡfəlaɪ, -ɛ]
1 gelder = man who castrates
horses;
Wiliam Dafis y Torrwr Wiliam Dafis
the horse gelder
:_______________________________.
torryn <TO-rin> [ˡtɔrɪn] m
PLURAL torion,
torynnau <TOR-yon, to-RƏ-nai, -e> [ˡtɔrjɔn, tɔˡrənaɪ, -ɛ]
1 piece of chopped straw
torion chopped straw
2
(mid-Wales) piece of chaff
torion chaff
3
cutting of a plant
4
newspaper cutting
5
excerpt, extract
torion excerpts
ETYMOLOGY: (torr- stem of the verb torri = cut, break) +(-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns)
:_______________________________.
torsyth <TOR-sith> [ˡtɔrsɪθ] adjective
1 swaggering
ETYMOLOGY: (tor = belly) + (syth = straight)
:_______________________________.
torsythu <tor-SƏ-thi> [tɔrˡsəθɪ] verb
1 swagger, strut about
2 put on airs, give oneself airs
ETYMOLOGY: (torsyth = swaggering) +
(-u suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
torth, torthau <TORTH,
TOR-thai, -e> [tɔrθ, ˡtɔrθaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 loaf of bread
y dorth = the loaf
2
mor sicr â bod bara mewn torth as
sure as fate (“as sure as there is bread in a loaf”)
:_______________________________.
tortila <tort-II-a> [tɔrˡtiˑla] masculine noun
PLURAL tortilas
<tort-II-az> [tɔrˡtiˑlaz]
1 tortilla
ETYMOLOGY: English tortilla <
Castilian tortilla < torta (= round cake) < Latin tôrta (= loaf)
:_______________________________.
tost <TOST> [tɔst] adjective
1
(North Wales) tôst harsh, severe,
hard
dwrdio rhyun yn dôst scold somebody
soundly
2
(South Wales) ill, sick, poorly
hala rhywun yn dost make someone
poorly
3
(South) painful, sore
Mae pen tost gyda fi I’ve got a
headache
Mae gwddwg tost gyda fi I’ve got a
sore throat
Mae llwnc tost gyda fi I’ve got a
sore throat
Mae bola tost da fi I’ve got stomach
ache
4
(South Wales) terrible
cael anap tost have a bad accident
5
(South Wales) (used to intensify an adjective)
Un celwyddog tost yw a He’s a
terrible liar, He lies through his teeth
ETYMOLOGY: Possibly Welsh < British < Latin tôstus (= burnt, parched, baked) < torrêre (= dry, parch, scorch, burn, cook).
If this etymology is correct, then it is
related to English toast (= to warm
(hands, etc); to scorch (bread, etc); to drink the health of) < 1300+ French
toster < Latin tôstus)
NOTE: In the north, the vowel in monosyllables with final st is long
tost > tôst
:_______________________________.
tosturio <tos-TIR-yo> [tɔsˡtɪrjɔ] verb
1
feel compassion, feel pity, sympathise
2
tosturio wrth = feel compassion for
tosturio dros = feel compassion for
ETYMOLOGY: (tostur- < tosturi = compassion, pity) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
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