kimkat1020e A Welsh to
English Dictionary in scroll-down format. Geiriadur Cymraeg a Saesneg ar
fformat sgrolio-i-lawr.
12-10-2020
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● ● ● ● kimkat1818e Cyfeirddalen y geiriadur hwn /
Index to the online dictionary http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_mynegai_1818e.htm
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D, d <DII> [diː] feminine
noun
1 ) fourth
letter of the twenty-six letter Roman alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 d
5 e, 6 f, 7 g, 8 h, 9 i, 10 j, 11 k, 12 l, 13 m, 14 n, 15 o, 16 p, 17 q, 18 r, 19 s, 20 t, 21 u, 22 v, 23 w, 24 x, 25 y, 26 z
2) fifth letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y
:_______________________________.
d
1 intrusive d:
In some words in the colloquial language, in the sequence n+r, a d inserts itself.
Cf similar examples in other languages:
(a) Catalan divendres (= Friday)
< die’-ven’ris < dies veneris (day of Venus),
Also in French vendredi (=
Friday) < Latin ven’ris dies <
veneris dies (day of Venus) (i.e. the same Latin expression but in reverse)
(b) Catalan tendre (= tender) <
Latin tener;
French tendre (= tender) <
Latin tener
IN WELSH:
(1) ANRAS
(an = negative prefix) + soft
mutation + (gras = grace) > an ras
anras (obsolete, = devil, demon)
> andras
> andros
(with a change in the final vowel).
In modern Welsh, andros is used in
the North, meaning ‘great’ (andros o
ffwl = great idiot) or intensifying an interrogative (pam andros...? = why the hell...?)
(2) EWINREW
ewinrew (= numbness in fingers from
the cold) > windrew (ewin
= fingernails) + soft mutation + (rhew =
ice)
(3) CEFNRAFF
cefnraff (= backband of a horse’s
harness) > cenraff > cendraff (cefn = back) + soft mutation + (rhaff = rope)
(4) CEFNROS
cefnros (cefn = back, hill) + soft mutation + (rhos + moorland, upland) > cenros
> cendros
> Y Gendros (place name, county
of Abertawe)
(5) CYNRON
cynron (= maggots) is colloquially in South Wales cyndron,
cindron; cynrhoni (= be infested with maggots) cyndroni,
cindroni
(6) HENRYD
(hen
= old) + soft mutation + (rhyd =
ford) > hen ryd Henryd > Hendryd (place
name) (“old ford”) > Hendryd (Pentre-bach,
Ceredigion)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/503005
(7) HENRI
Henri (man’s name = Henry) > Hendri
(8) GLANRHYMNI
According to John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911),
Glanrhymni (locally Lanrymni) was also called Landrymni,
though it is not clear if it was so called in Welsh or if it is a variant which
developed among English speakers.
Nowadays the place is a suburb of Caer-dydd, known as Llanrhymni, with an erroneous llan
(= church) having replaced glan / lan
(= riverbank).
John Hobson Mathews: “Lanrumney, recte
Glanrhymny (the bank of the Rhymny.)
A manor in the parishes of Rumney and Saint Mellon in Monmouthshire, and
Llanedern, Glamorgan (1653) It is also called the manor of "Wentloog alias
Keynsham." Lanrumney (often sounded Landrumney) is also the name of the
mansion, which is on the river’s bank in the parish of Saint Mellon”
In this same context (n-r), the intrusive consonant th also occurs <th> [θ]
Penrhyn (qv) (name of various farms) < Penrhyn;
cynthron (= maggots) < cynron, cynthroni (= be infested with maggots) < cynrhoni
2 d < t
A final ‘d’ in certain loans from English corresponds to a final “t” in the
original English word
ased (= asset)
barcud (= red
kite) (Old Welsh bargh + Old English kit-)
bwced (= bucket)
bwled (= bullet)
concrid (= concrete)
criced (sport) (= cricket)
curad (= curate)
paced (= packet)
piced (= picket)
poced (= pocket)
roced (= rocket)
siaced (= jacket)
stryd (=street)
ticed (= ticket)
wiced (= wicket (in cricket)
Cf g < c in borrowings from English, at the end of a word
clog = English cloak
3
d < dd
In some words, a final dd becomes d
athrod (= slanderous remark) < *athrawd < *athrawdd
(athr- = prefix) + soft mutation + (rhawdd- speaking)
gweirglodd
(= hay meadow) > (South Wales) gwerlod [ˡgwɛrlɔd], gwrglod [ˡgʊrglɔd], gwrlod [ˡgʊrlɔd], gwyrlod [ˡgwərlɔd], gwyrlad [ˡgwərlad]
machlud (= (sun)
to set) < ymachlud < ymachludd
(ym-, reflexive prefix) + (achludd).
The element achludd < British
< Latin occlûdere = to close, (ob- intensifying prefix) + (claudere = to close)
In some words, dd afer an n becomes d
n-dd > n-d (An example of calediad – the
cancelling of a soft mutation)
Examples of n-dd > n-d are
..a/ cynddeiriog (raging mad) > cyndeiriog (a
common colloquial form)
..b/ cynddrwg (= so bad, as bad) > cyndrwg (South
Wales)
..c/ iawndda (= excellent) > iawnda, iownda (South-east
Wales)
..d/ Ieuan Ddu (= black-haired Ieuan) > Ieuan Du
..e/ Llanddwyn (village name, Ynys Môn) > Llandwyn (a varant
form)
..f/ Llanymddyfri > Llan’ddyfri
> Llan’dyfri (town in the county of
Caerfyrddin, from which form the English give the town the name Llandovery)
5 d + soft mutation + d
> d-dd
> t
Examples with the suffix –dyn (= man)
-d + dyn
> -d-ddyn
> -tyn
a.. cardotyn (= beggar) < “cardod-ddyn” < (cardod = charity, alms) + (-ddyn)
b.. diniweityn (= a naïve man, an
innocent) < “diniwéid-ddyn” <
(diniwed = (adj) innocent, naïve) +
(-ddyn)
c.. diotyn (= a
drunk) < “diód-ddyn” (diod = drink) + (-ddyn)
d.. tlotyn (= poor man, pauper) < “tlód-ddyn” < “tláwd-ddyn” (tlawd = (adj) poor) + (-ddyn)
e.. ynfytyn (= madman) < “ynfýd-ddyn” (ynfyd =
(adj) mad) + (-ddyn)
Certain verbs:
-d + -ha (suffix to
form verbs from nouns)
> -ta
cardod (=
charity, alms) > *cardod-ha > cardota (= beg for alms)
diod (= drink) > *diod-ha > diota (= to drink
alcoholic drinks; be in the habit of drinking too much alcohol)
pysgod (= fish) > *pysgod-ha > pysgota (= to fish)
:_______________________________.
d
1 initial <d> [d] in Welsh > English <t> [t]
..a/ Dafydd (= David) > English “Taffy”
..b/ Dinbych y Pysgod (name of a town) > English “Tenby”
..c/ Dintarn Tintern (name of an abbey)
The reason may be that the ‘d’ was heavily aspirated, and the voicing of the
consonant was not as distinctive; as a result it was understood as a ‘t’ by
English speakers
:_______________________________.
da (1a) <DAA> [dɑː] (adjective)
1 good
da chi <DAA-khi> [ˡdɑˑxɪ] (phrase)
for God’s sake
mae’n dda gennyf <main DHAA GE-ni> [maɪn ˡðɑː ˡgɛnɪ] (phrase) I’m glad
da i ddim good for nothing, useless
2 a da iawn hynny and thank God for that (“and very good that”)
3 ddaw e ddim i ddiwedd da (said of
someone whose behaviour is bad) he’ll come to a bad end (“he won’t come to a
good end”) (= ni ddaw e... in spoken Welsh, the negative particle ni is omitted; any sot mutation is retained, and the the negative particle ddim is added)
4 nid oes da heb beth drwg ynddo
(“there is no good without some bad in it”)
good is not always perfectly good
5 gweld y rhagor rhwng da a drwg
diferenciate between good and bad (“see the difference between good and bad”)
6 os da
y cofiaf if I remember rightly (“if good / well I remember”)
7 mynd yn dda i suit,
look good on
Mae’r dei ’na’n mynd yn dda i chi
That tie suits you, that tie looks good on you
8 Da iawn fe! Good for
him!
9 cas cadw da healthy outward appearance, (man, animal), good
condition
(“condition (of) good keeping”) (cas = case, condition) + (cadw
= to keep, keeping) + (da = good)
mewn
cas cadw da in good condition; in good repair, in good working order
10 Mae’n dda arno fe He’s doing well for himself (“it’s good on
him”)
11 dda gen i < ni dda gennyf I don’t like (“(“it is)
not good with me”)
Dda gen i mo’i golwg (ni
dda gennyf fi ddim o’i golwg) I don’t like the way she looks (“[it is] not good with me anything of her
appearance”)
12 Mae golwg dda arno He
looks good (“there is (a) good appearance on him”)
:_______________________________.
da (1b) <DAA> [dɑː]
PLURAL daoedd
<DAA-oidh, -odh>
[ˡdɑˑɔɪð,
-ɔð]
1
good, goodness
Nid oes da heb beth drwg ynddo
Too much of a good thing is a bad thing (“There is no good without some bad in
it”)
Mawr dda iddyn nhw! The best of luck
to them! (“great good to them!)
byw ar dda’r wlad live of the fat of
the land (“live on (the) good (of) the land”)
2 a good thing
Ni fu erioed ddrwg na fu’n dda i rywun (“there
was never a bad thing that wasn’t a good thing for someone”) It’s an ill wind
that blows nobody any good, there’s always profit to be had from a misfortune
by someone somewhere
Cf. Ni fu erioed ddrwg na fu’n ddaioni i
rywun (“there was never a bad thing that wasn’t a good thing for someone”)
It’s an ill wind that blows nobody any good
3 cattle
= cows;
da blithion milch cows, cows giving
milk
da byw livestock (cows, sheep, pigs,
horses, poultry, etc)
.....Comisiwn Cig a Da Byw Meat and
Livestock Commission
da corniog horned cattle
da duon Cymréig Welsh black cattle
da Ffrisia Frisian cattle
da godro milch cows
da Gernsi Guernsey cattle
da Henffordd Hereford cattle
da Jersi Jersey cattle
Damona goddess = Celtic goddess of
cattle
da pluog poultry (“featherd goods”)
.....gwerthwr da pluog poulterer
da sychion (North Wales) dry cattle
da hesbion (South Wales) (Colloquially
da (h)esbon) dry cows
da tew fatstock
See also gwartheg (used in North
Wales for “cattle”)
3
(obsolete) goods, possessions
4
good = praise, complimentary remarks
Am ei dad, nid oedd llawer o dda i'w
ddweyd. Dyn meddw, cwerylgar, ydoedd
As for his father, her wasn’t much good to say about him. he was a drnkar and a
quarrelsome man
ETYMOLOGY: da (= adjective good)
> da (= noun goods) > da (= cattle)
Cf Catalan bo, bé (= adjective good)
> bens (= noun goods)
Cf English good (adjective) >
goods (= noun merchandise)
Cf Latin bonus (= adjective good),
bona vacantia (= unclaimed goods )
:_______________________________.
da <DA> [dɑ] verb
1
In north-western forms of standard colloquial dyn ni / dych chi / dyn nhw,
which in the north have become den
ni / dech chi / den nhw.
These ‘e’ forms are
north-eastern; the north-west has e >
a in a final syllable, hence
dan ni / dach chi / dan nhw
(1) da ni / da chi / da nhw more
closely indicate the pronunciation (since the ‘n’ and ‘ch’ are not geminated
consonants – they are not prolonged, as for example in English “ten nights”).
(2) The corresponding literary forms are
ydym ni = we are
ydych chwi = you are
ydynt hwy = they are
NOTE: All these colloquial forms are also written with a preceding apostrophe
to indicate the loss of the initial y-;
with the added advantage of indicating that this is not the word da <DAA> [dɑː] = good,
and that being from a disyllabic word the final vowel must be short <DA> [dɑ]
’da ni / ’da chi / ’da nhw;
’dan ni / ’dach chi / ’dan nhw;
’dyn ni / ’dych chi / ’dyn nhw
Be ’da chi’n feddwl ohono fo?
What do you think of him?
:_______________________________.
“daar” <DAAR> [dɑːr]
1
daear > (monosyllabic form ) daer > daar
Southern form of daear (= earth)
Usually spelt dâr / da’r
See aa
:_______________________________.
“däär” <DÄÄR> [dæːr]
1
daear > (monosyllabic form ) daer > däär
South-eastern form of daear (=
earth)
Usually spelt dêr / dæth
See aa / daar
:_______________________________.
“daath” <DAATH> [dɑːθ]
1
southern form of daeth (= she / he
came)
Usually spelt dâth / da’th
See aa
:_______________________________.
“dääth” <DäÄTH> [dæːθ]
1
south-eastern form of daeth (= she /
he came)
Usually spelt dêth / dæth
See aa / daath
:_______________________________.
dàb <DAB> [dab] (m)
1 in the expression pŵr-dàb (qv) poor thing, poor
fellow, poor woman, poor boy, poor girl (expression of pity towards a person);
Cambrian English (South Wales): poor dab
A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady: to which
is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837: DAB,
s[ubstantive]. a chit, an insignificant person, a proficient in any feat or
exercise : also a slight blow.
:_______________________________.
dablan <DA-blan> [ˡdablan] (verb)
1 dabble
:_______________________________.
da bo chi <daa
BOO khi> [dɑˑˡboː xɪ]
1 goodbye
ETYMOLOGY: da bo chi < da
bo i chi ‘may it be good to you’
(da = good) + (bo = may it be) + (i = to) + (chi =
you)
:_______________________________.
da bo ti <daa
BOO thi> [dɑˑˡboː tɪ]
1 goodbye
ETYMOLOGY: da bo ti < da
bo i ti (= may it be good to you)
(da = good) + (bo = may it be) + (i = to) + (ti =
you)
:_______________________________.
dach chi <DA-khi> [ˡdaxɪ] (verb)
1 you are (North-west)
:_______________________________.
dacw <DA-ku> [ˡdakʊ] (adverb)
1 that over there is (the barn, etc), over there there’s.... yonder
is...
Dacw dŷ tafarn, cawn ni tamaid i’w futa acw efallai
Over yonder there is a pub,
maybe we’ll get a bite to eat there
:_______________________________.
dàd <DAD> [dad] (masculine noun)
1 dad, daddy. Also dat, dada,
data, dadi
:_______________________________.
dad-, dat-
<DAD, DAT>
[dad, dat] (prefix) negative sense
blino = get tired, dad flino
dadflino = rest, relax
:_______________________________.
da-da <DAA-daa> [ˡdɑˑdɑˑ] (plural noun)
1 sweets
:_______________________________.
dadansoddi
<da-dan-SOO-dhi> [dadanˡsoˑðɪ] (verb)
1 analyse
:_______________________________.
dadansoddiad <da-dan-SODH-yad> [dadanˡsɔðjad] masculine noun
PLURAL dadansoddiadau
<da-dan-sodh-YAA-dai, -de> [dadansɔðˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 analysis = analysis of components
2 analysis = (sentence) examination of gramatical structure
3 decomposition
ETYMOLOGY: (dadansoddi- = stem of dadansoddi = analyse) + (-ad suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
dadbacio <dad-BAK-yo> [dadˡbakjɔ]
1 unpack (a case)
:_______________________________.
dadebru <dad-E-bri> [dadˡɛbrɪ] (verb)
1 come round = recover from a faint
:_______________________________.
dadelfennu
<dad-el-VE-ni> [dadɛlˡvɛnɪ] (verb)
1 decompose, break down = come apart into constituent elements
:_______________________________.
dadeni <dad-EE-ni> [dadˡeˑnɪ] (masculine noun)
1 rebirth, renaissance
:_______________________________.
dadfachu <dad-VAA-khi> [dadˡvɑˑxɪ] (verb)
1 unhook
:_______________________________.
dadi <DAA-di> [ˡdɑˑdɪ] (masculine noun)
1 daddy
:_______________________________.
dadl <DA-dl> [ˡdadl] feminine noun
PLURAL dadleuon
<dad-LEI-on> [dadˡləɪɔn]
1 discussion, debate, argument
Fe ddichon fod gwirionedd yn ei
haeriadau, ond nid ydynt yn cyfrannu yn y modd lleiaf i'r ddadl
There may be some truth in his assertions, but they don’t contribute in the
least to the debate
chwalu dadl destroy an argument,
tear an argument to pieces
er mwyn dadl for argument’s
sake
dadl frys PLURAL dadleuon brys emergency debate
2 argument = dispute, row, disagreement
y ddadl ynglyn â... the dispute
about
3 pegwn y ddadl the crux
of the matter
4 Mae dadl ar y ddwy ochr
There is something to be said for both sides of the argument ("there is
(favorable) argument on the two sides")
5 dadl yn erbyn an
argument against
Ma gin i filoedd o ddadleuon yn erbyn rhyfel
I have thousands of arguments against the war
rhoi'r dadleuon yn erbyn
play the devil's advocate, give the opposing view (“put the arguments against”)
6 debate in a parliament, council
Nid oedd ansawdd y dadleuon yn uchel
iawn
The standard of the debates was not very high
7 argument, justification; a point or series of points used to
support or criticise a proposal
Y ddadl dros symud popeth i'r
Mynyddbychan yw fod yn yr ysbyty enfawr hwnnw fwy fyth o arbenigedd pe bai
angen
The argument for moving everything to Mynyddbychan is that in that enormous
hospital there is even more expertise if needed
9 torri dadl settle an
argument (“break an argument”)
10 mynd yn ddadl rhwng... (ynghylch rhywbeth) begin to argue
(about something) (“become an argument between...”)
Aeth yn ddadl rhyngddynt ynghylch â’r pennaeth newydd
they began to argue about the new boss
Aeth yn dipyn o ddadl rhwng Siân â
Gwenno Siân and Gwenno began to argue
("it became a bit of an argument between Siân and Gwenno")
11 dadl hallt stormy
debate, heated debate, intense debate
12 dadl boeth stormy
debate, heated debate, intense debate
mynd yn ddal boeth rhwng... (said of
a dispute becoming heated)
Mi aeth hi'n ddadl boeth rhyngddon nhw
They began to argue fiercely ("it became a hot argument between
them")
13 cynhadledd =
conference
(cynnadl = debate, prefix cyn- = together, + dadl = debate) + (-edd,
suffix)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh dadl < daddl < British < Celtic < IE *dhê- (= to break)
From the same British root: Breton: dael
= dispute
From the same Celtic root: Irish: dáil
= debate, assembly
:_______________________________.
dadlaith <DAD-laith, -leth> [ˡdadlaɪθ, -ɛθ] (verb)
1 (South Wales) to thaw
Colloquially dadleth / dadlath
:_______________________________.
dadlau <DAD-lai, -le> [ˡdadlaɪ, -ɛ] (verb)
1 to debate
:_______________________________.
dadleudy <dad-LEI-di> [dadˡləɪdɪ] masculine
noun
PLURAL dadleudai
<dad-LEI-dai> [dadˡləɪdaɪ]
1 court of law
(1) Matthew 27:27 Yna milwyr y rhaglaw a
gymerasant yr Iesu i’r dadleudy, ac a gynullasant ato yr holl fyddin
Matthew 27:27 Then the soldiers of the governor took Jesus into the common
hall, and gathered unto him the whole band of soldiers.
(2) Ioan 18:28 Yna y dygasant yr Iesu
oddi wrth Caiaffas i’r dadleudy; a’r bore ydoedd hi; ac nid aethant hwy i mewn
i’r dadleudy, rhag eu halogi; eithr fel y gallent fwyta’r pasg
John 18:28 Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it
was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they
should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover.
(3) Ioan 18:33 Yna Peilat a aeth
drachefn i’r dadleudy, ac a alwodd yr Iesu, ac a ddywedodd wrtho, Ai ti yw
Brenin yr Iddewon?
John 18:33 Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again, and called Jesus,
and said unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews?
(4) Ioan 19:9 Ac a aeth drachefn i’r
dadleudy, ac a ddywedodd wrth yr Iesu, O ba le yr wyt ti? Ond ni roes yr Iesu
ateb iddo
John 19:9 And went again into the judgment hall, and saith unto Jesus, Whence
art thou? But Jesus gave him no answer.
(5) Yr Actau 23:35 Mi a’th wrandaf, eb
efe, pan ddelo dy gyhuddwr hefyd. Ac efe a orchmynnodd ei gadw ef yn nadleudy
Herod
Acts 23:35 I will hear thee, said he, when thine accusers are also come. And he
commanded him to be kept in Herod’s judgment hall.
2 Y Dadleudy A former
courthouse building in Caerffili dating from 1373/4. By the 1600s it was a
private residence, and in the 1900s a doctor’s surgery. It is now a tavern
known as “The Court House / Y Dadleudy”.
ETYMOLOGY: ‘house of contention / pleading / lawsuit’
(dadleu- penult form of the
verb-noun dadlau = contention /
pleading / lawsuit)
+ soft mutation + (ty = house)
:_______________________________.
dadleuol <dad-LEI-ol> [dadˡləɪɔl] adjective
1 debatable, polemical, controversial
Mae’r trigolion yn protestio yn erbyn y cynllun dadleuol i godi llosgydd
gwastraff ar gyrion y dre
The inhabitants are protesting against the controversial plan to build a waste
incinerator on the town’s outskirts
cynllun dadleuol i gau swyddfa bost y
pentref
a contoversial plan to close the village’s post office
penderfyiad dadleuol a controversial
decision
mae’n well osgoi pynciau dadleuol am y tro it’s better to avoid
controversial topics for the time being
ETYMOLOGY: (dadleu = penult form of
the verbnoun dadlau = to debate) + (-ol suffix for forming adjective)
:_______________________________.
dadmer <DAD-mer> [ˡdadmɛr] (verb)
1 to thaw
:_______________________________.
dadweinio <dad-WEIN-yo> [dadˡwəɪnjɔ] verb
1 to unsheathe, to take out of a sheath, to draw (a sword, etc)
ETYMOLOGY: (dad- = negative prefix)
+ soft mutation + (gweinio = to
sheathe, to put in a sheath)
:_______________________________.
dadwystlo <dad-UIST-lo> [dadˡʊɪstlɔ] verb
1 redeem (something pawned)
Dadwystlodd ei fodrwy briodas
He redeemed his wedding ring from pawn
ETYMOLOGY: literally ‘un-pawn’ (dad,
negative prefix) + soft mutation + (gwystlo
= to pawn)
:_______________________________.
daear <DEI-ar> [ˡdəɪar] (feminine noun)
1 earth
2 ar dir a daear Ceredigion on the soil of Ceredigion
Mae hen ddihareb i’r perwyl fod pob ceiliog yn gawr ar ei esgynlawr ei hun,
a buaswn innau yn medru eich annerch chwi yn hyfach yr ochr arall i afon Teifi,
ar dir a daear Ceredigion, yng ngwlad fy ngenedigaeth. (Enwau Lleoedd / John Rhys/ Cymru Cyfrol XI. RHIF 63.
Hydref 15fed, 1896)
There’s an old saying to the effect that every rooster is a giant on its
own perch, and I would be able to address you in a bolder manner on the other
side of the river Teifi, in Ceredigion (“on the ground and land of
Ceredigion”), in the land of my birth (John Rhys, in a speech given in 1896
in the county of Caerfyrddin – the Teifi river forms the boundary between the
two counties)
3 plymio i’r ddaear (plane) crash
(“plummet to the ground”)
4
Y peth mwyaf naturiol ar y ddaear iddi
oedd ceisio helpu mewn argyfwng
It was the most natural thing in the world for her to try and help in a crisis
5
un o ragorolion y ddaear a prince
among men
Un o ddynion rhagorol y ddaear yw eich
tad Your father is a prince among men / is one of the world’s finest men /
is one of the finest men in the world
:_______________________________.
daeardor <dei-AR-dor> [dəɪˡardɔr] masculine
noun
PLURAL daeardorion
<dei-a-DOR-yon>
[dəɪaˡdɔrjɔn]
1
(Geology) cleft, fissure
ETYMOLOGY: (daear = land ) + soft
mutation + (tor = break, rupture)
:_______________________________.
daeardrig <dei-AR-drig> [dəɪˡardrɪg] adjective
1 daeardrig earth-dwelling
ETYMOLOGY: (daear = earth) + soft mutation + (trig-, stem of trigo
= to inhabit )
:_______________________________.
daeardy <dei-AR-di> [dəɪˡardɪ] (m)
PLURAL daeardai
<dei-AR-dai> [dəɪˡardaɪ]
1 underground vault, dungeon
ETYMOLOGY: (daear = earth) + soft mutation + (trig-, stem of trigo
= to inhabit )
NOTE: Is this possibly the origin of the name Dardy (Y Dardy?) SO2018, a hamlet
near Crucywel / Crickhowell?
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1101970
Dardy
(South-eastern Welsh daer / dâr, standard daear, = earth) + soft
mutation + (ty^ = house) > daerdy, dardy. Cf Daearwynno
Cf also maerdy > mardy
:_______________________________.
daeareg <dei-AA-reg> [dəɪˡɑˑrɛg] (feminine
noun)
1 geology
ETYMOLOGY: (daear = earth) + (-eg suffix used in names of
sciences)
:_______________________________.
daearfochyn
<dei-ar-VOO-khin>
[dəɪarˡvoˑxɪn] masculine
noun
PLURAL daearfoch
<dei-AR-vokch>
[dəɪˡarvɔx]
1 badger (a literary form. The usual expression is mochyn daear)
2
(Bible) ‘badger’. The animal referred to in the Welsh and English translations
of the Bible is some animal which was not in fact a badger, which is not found
in the Bible lands. The Hebrew word is “tachash” and is the equivalent of
Arabic “duchash”, which is a dolphin, or a seal. Some Bible translations in
English have seal skin, others porpoise skin, instead of badger skin.
Eseciel 16:10 Mi a’th wisgais hefyd â
gwaith edau a nodwydd, rhoddais i ti hefyd esgidiau o groen daearfoch, a
gwregysais di â lliain main, a gorchuddiais di â sidan
Ezekiel 16:10 I clothed thee also with broidered work, and shod thee with
badgers’ skin, and I girded thee about with fine linen, and I covered thee with
silk.
Numeri 4:10 A godasant ef a’i holl
ddodrefn mewn gorchudd o groen daearfoch, a gosodant ef ar drosol
Numbers 4:10 And they shall put it and all the vessels thereof within a
covering of badgers’ skins, and shall put it upon a bar.
ETYMOLOGY: ‘earth pig’, that is, a pig-like animal which lives in an earth
(daear = earth) + soft mutation + (mochyn = pig)
NOTE: The usual expression is mochyn
daear “pig (that lives in an) earth”
:_______________________________.
daearu <dei-AA-ri> [dəɪˡɑˑrɪ] (verb)
1 daearu (rhywun) bury someone
ETYMOLOGY: “to earth” (daear =
earth) + (-u suffix for forming
verbs)
:_______________________________.
Daearwynno <DEI-ar WƏ-no>
[ˡdəɪar
ˡwənɔ]
1 A farm by Llanwynno church ST0296 (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/109579
ST0296 map; Daearwynno
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/340261
ST0295 map; Eglwys Wynno
(The local form is probably <däär-wə-no>
“Däärwynno”, because in the south-east daear
> daer (as in English ‘dire’) > daar (as in English ‘dark’) > däär (as in English ‘dare’).
It is marked on English-language maps as Darwonno (= Da’r Wynno / Daer Wynno),
which shows some influence from the local form)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) land (belonging to the church dedicated to) Gwynno”
(daear = land) + soft mutation + (Gwynno = saint’s name)
:_______________________________.
daearyddiaeth
<dei-a-RƏDH-yaith, -yeth> [dəɪaˡrəðjaɪθ, -ɛθ] (feminine noun)
1 geography
ETYMOLOGY: (daearydd = geographer) +
(-i-aeth suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
daeth,
"daath" <daith, daath> [daɪθ, dɑːθ] (verb)
1 he / she / it came
:_______________________________.
daethpwyd <DEITH-puid> [ˡdəɪθpʊɪd] verb
1 (daethpwyd â) it has
been brought, it was brought
An alterative form is dowd â
Dowd ag achos Dafi Jones o flaen y seiet
Dafi Jones’s case was brought before the chapel committee
:_______________________________.
Daethwy <DEITH-ui> [ˡdəɪθʊɪ] m
1 a
people who lived on Ynys Môn, and whose name is preserved in the name of one of
the two kúmmuds of the kántrev of Rhosyr:
..a/ Dindaethwy – “(the) hillfort (of) (the) Daethwy (people)”,
and in the village name
..b/ Porthaethwy “(the) ferrying-place (of) (the) Daethwy (people)”
Porthaethwy < porth ’aethwy < porth Ddaethwy
(delwedd 7379)
:_______________________________.
dafad <DAA-vad> [ˡdɑˑvad] feminine noun
PLURAL defaid
<DEE-vaid, -ed>
[ˡdeˑvaɪd, -ɛd]
1 sheep = animal of the genus Ovis which provides wool and meat
dafad gorniog a horned sheep
2 (religion) church member (ie one of the pastor’s flock)
3 Mae dafad ddu ym mhob
praidd There’s a black sheep in every family ("in every flock")
4 mor hywedd â dafad wedi ei
chneifio "as docile as a shorn sheep"
5 Fe wyr hen ddafad y fan y
mae porfa
Experienced people know how it’s done ("an old sheep knows where the
pasture is")
6 Fe wyr hen ddafad o ble daw storom
Experienced people know where problems will arise ("an old sheep knows
where the storm will come from")
7 cyfrif defaid count
sheep - counting sheep jumping over a gate is supposed to
induce sleep
Yr oeddwn yn dal yn methu cysgu ar ôl
oriau o gyfri llond corlannau o ddefaid yn
neidio dros y giât
I was still unable to sleep after counting foldsful of sheep jumping the gate
8 defaid y praidd sheep
of the flock (expression in the Bible, = ‘sheep’)
Mathew 26:31 Yna y dywedodd yr Iesu
wrthynt, Chwychwi oll a rwystrir heno o’m plegid i; canys ysgrifenedig yw,
Trawaf y bugail, a defaid y praidd a wasgerir
Matthew 26:31 Then saith Jesus unto them, All ye shall be offended because of
me this night: for it is written, I will smite the shepherd, and the sheep of
the flock shall be scattered abroad.
9 golch defaid sheep dip,
sheep wash
10 marchnad ddefaid sheep
market
11 blaidd mewn croen dafad
a wolf in sheep’s clothing (a menace in disguise, a malicious person who acts
as if he or she means well) (“a wolf in a sheepskin”)
bod yn flaidd mewn croen dafad be a
sheep in wolf's clothing
Mathew 7:15 Ymogelwch rhag gau
broffwydi, y rhai a ddeuant atoch yng ngwisgoedd defaid, ond oddi mewn
bleiddiaid rheibus ydynt hwy
Matthew 7:15 Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep’s clothing,
but inwardly they are ravening wolves.
12
ci defaid sheepdog, dog trained to
round up sheep
13 ffermwr defaid sheep
farmer
14 cig dafad mutton
15 saim dafad mutton fat
16 hen ddafad yng nghnu oen
bach ("an old sheep in the fleece of a little lamb") mutton
dressed up as lamb, an old person trying to hide his or her age by imitating
young people’s clothing styles
17 cnu’r ddafad farw =
clothing which has belonged to somebody who has died ("(the) fleece (of)
the dead sheep")
18 North Wales defaid Dafydd Jos ("(the) sheep
(of) David Jones") = waves (in the sea)
19 dafad swci pet sheep
20 dafad gorniog horned
sheep
21 dafad fynydd mountain
sheep, highland sheep
22 dafad Seisnig English
sheep; lowland sheep, bigger than Welsh highland sheep
23 dafad libert sheep
which grazes in the ‘libert’, area of mountain pasture
24 libert defaid mountain
land for sheep grazing
25 district of Caerffili lloffion y ddafad ("gleanings (of)
the sheep") mushrooms
26 North Wales neidr ddefaid ("snake (of) (some)
sheep"), or neidr ddafad
("snake (of) (a) sheep") Anguis
fragilis slowworm
27 yr oen yn dysgu’r ddafad i
bori ("the lamb teaching the sheep how to graze") said of the
inexperienced presuming to know better than experienced people, children who
think they know better than the parents; ‘teaching one’s grandmother to suck
eggs’
28 dwl fel defaid as daft
as sheep
29 See defeity (feity), dafaty sheepcot
30 peisgwellt y defaid Festuca ovina sheep’s fescue
31 wart; see dafaden (=
wart)
32 Place
names: Pantydefaid “(the) hollow
(of) the sheep / sheep hollow”
34 pen dafad a fool “(head (of) sheep)”
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *damat-
(sheep, tame animal) < Celtic
From the same British root:
(1) Cornish davaz (= sheep),
(2) Breton dañvad (= sheep),
From the same Indoeuropean root:
(1) Latin domitus (= domesticated, tamed) < domâre (= to domesticate, to
tame);
(2) Germanic: German zahm [tsaam] (= tame), and the English word tame itself
NOTE:
(1) South-east Wales defaid > defid <DE-vad> [ˡdɛvɪd],
cf Tonyrefail <ton-ər-EE-vail> [tɔn ər ˡreˑvaɪl] (village name) > Tonrefil <ton-REE-vil> [tɔnˡreˑvɪl],
eraill (others) > erill
(2) Studies in Welsh Phonology / Samuel J. Evans / 1909 / t19 “In
Anglesey and Carnarvonshire dafad is regularly pronounced dafod.”
The change of final a > o is
found in other words in Welsh.
:_______________________________.
dafad ddyflwydd, defaid dyflwydd <DAA-vad
DHƏ-vluidh> [ˡdɑˑvad ˡðəvlʊɪð] (feminine noun)
1 two-year old sheep
:_______________________________.
dafaden,
dafadennau <da-VAA-den, da-va-DE-ne> [daˡvɑˑdɛn,davaˡdɛnaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 wart
:_______________________________.
dafadennog
<da-va-DE-nog>
[davaˡdɛnɔg] adjective
1 warty
llyffant dafadennog "warty toad"
common toad
ETYMOLOGY: (dafadenn- < dafaden = wart) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
dáffodil,
daffodiliau <da-FO-dil, da-fo-DIL-yai,
-ye> [daˡfɔdɪl, dafɔˡdɪljaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1 (narcissus pseudonarcissus) daffodil; see cenhinen Bedr
:_______________________________.
Dafi <DAA-vi> [ˡdɑˑvɪ] (masculine
noun)
1 Davey; diminutive of Dafydd
:_______________________________.
dafn (“dafan”),
dafnau <DA-vn, DAA-van, DAV-ne> [davn, ˡdɑˑvan,ˡdavnaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1 drop (of water)
:_______________________________.
Dafydd <DAA-vidh> [ˡdɑˑvɪð] (masculine
noun)
1 David
:_______________________________.
Dafydd ap Gwilym
<DAA-vidh ap GWII-lim> [ˡdɑˑvɪð
ap ˡgwiˑlɪm] (masculine noun)
1 medieval poet, fl 1320-1370
:_______________________________.
dagrau <DA-grai, -e> [ˡdagraɪ, -ɛ]
1 tears; plural form of deigryn =
tear
:_______________________________.
Dai <DAI> [daɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 (South Wales) diminutive form of Dafydd
:_______________________________.
dail <DAIL> [daɪl] (plural noun) leaves; plural of
deilen = leaf
:_______________________________.
Daio <DAI-o> [ˡdaɪɔ] masculine
noun
South-east Wales
1 pet form of Dafydd = David
According to John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911),
there was land called Tir Daio Wil in the parish of Llanedern (county of
Caer-dydd) in the year 1702
“TIR-DAIO-WIL (David William’s land) In
Llanedern parish (1702)”
(“(the) land (of) Dafydd / Daio, (son of) Wil / Wiliam”)
:_______________________________.
daioni <dai-OO-ni> [daɪˡoˑnɪ] masculine noun
1
goodness, good
ei daioni tuag ati hi a phawb his
kindness towards her and others
2
a good thing, a good deed
deuddrwg ni wna ddaioni Two wrongs
don’t make a right (“two bad things don’t make a good thing”)
(deuddrwg = two bad deeds) + (ni = not) + soft mutation + (gwna = does, makes) + soft mutation + (daiao = good, goodness)
peth creulon yw’r gosb eithaf - ac ar
ben hyn, deuddrwg ni wna ddaioni
the death penalty is cruel, and over and above this two wrongs don't make a
right...
Ni fu erioed ddrwg na fu’n ddaioni i
rywun (“there was never a bad thing that wasn’t a good thing for someone”)
It’s an ill wind that blows nobody any good
Also: Ni fu erioed ddrwg na fu’n dda i
rywun (“there was never a bad thing that wasn’t good for someone”) It’s an
ill wind that blows nobody any good
3
Duw a phob daioni (motto) God and
everything that is good
ETYMOLOGY: (da = good) + (suffix -oni). Cf haelioni (= generosity) < hael
(= generous)
:_______________________________.
dal <DAL> [dal] (verb)
1 to catch
esgidiau dala adar / esgidiau dal
adar sneakers, light shoes (“shoes (for) catching birds”)
2 hold
dal fel llew yn rhywbeth hang
onto something like grim death (“hold on like a lion”)
3 dal
ati stick at it, continue to do (something)
dal ati hyd y diwedd to stick it
out, stick with it to the end (“keep at it until the end”)
4 catch (bus, aeroplane)
dal y trên catch the train
Cael a chael fu hi iddo ddal y bws He
only just caught the bus
5 dal dan rywun plead
someone’s cause (“hold under someone”)
6 dal eich golygon ar
(qv) stare at (“hold your sights on”)
7
dal eich tir (qv) hold your ground
8 dal (ci) ar dennyn hold a dog on a leash
9 dal eich trwyn hold
your nose (because of a bad smell)
10 dal blawd wyneb put on a bold
face
11 dal y slac yn dynn have a cushy job (“hold the slack (a loose rope) tight”)
12 pedal dal (piano) loud
pedal (“sustaining pedal”)
:_______________________________.
Y Dalar <ə
DAA-lar> [ə ˡdɑˑlar]
1 street name in Machynlleth (county of Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: (“the headland /
cross-ridge (in a ploughed field)”)
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (talar = cross-ridge)
:_______________________________.
Dalar Goch <DAA-lar GOOKH> [ˡdɑˑlar ˡgo:x]
1 field name, Pen-y-garth Isaf. Llanfair, Meirionydd
ETYMOLOGY: dalar goch < y dalar goch (“the red headland / cross-ridge (in a
ploughed field)”)
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (talar = cross-ridge) +
soft mutation + (coch = red)
:_______________________________.
Dalar Hir <DAA-lar HIIR> [ˡdɑˑlar ˡhi:r]
1 field name, Pen-y-garth Isaf. Llanfair, Meirionydd
ETYMOLOGY: dalar hir < y dalar hir (“the long headland / cross-ridge (in a
ploughed field)”)
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (talar = cross-ridge) +
(hir = long)
:_______________________________.
Dalar-las <DAA-lar
LAAS> [ˡdɑˑlar
ˡlɑːs]
1 street name in
….a/ Glanconwy, Baecolwyn (county of Conwy)
….b/ Llanfachreth, Dolgellau (county of Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY:
dalar las < y dalar las
(“the green headland / cross-ridge (in a ploughed field)”)
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (talar = cross-ridge) +
soft mutation + (glas = green)
:_______________________________.
Dalar-wen <DAA-lar
WEN> [ˡdɑˑlar
ˡwɛn]
1 street name in Dinbych (“Dalar Wen”)
ETYMOLOGY:
dalar wen < y dalar wen
(“the white headland / cross-ridge (in a ploughed field)”)
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (talar = cross-ridge) +
(gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white)
:_______________________________.
dal eich golygon ar <dal əkh go-LƏ-gon ar > [ˡdal əxˡ
gɔˡləgɔn ar]
1 stare at
ETYMOLOGY: (“hold your sights on”)
(dal = hold) + (eich = your) + (golygon = sights, plural
de golwg = sight) + (ar = on)
:_______________________________.
dal eich tir <dal əkh TIIR> [dal əx tiːr]
1 hold your ground, stand your ground, maintain your ground, stand firm; = not
yield
Dal dy dir (slogan used by the movement Cymuned) – has the metaphoric
meaning of “hold your ground, stand firm” as well as the literal meaning of
“keep your territory”
ETYMOLOGY: (“hold your land”)
(dal = hold) + (eich = your) + (tir = land)
:_______________________________.
dalen, dalennau
<DAA-len, da-LE-nai, -ne> [ˡdɑˑlɛn, daˡlɛnaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 page of a manuscript
y ddalen the page
tudalen (nm) a page (TU = side, DALEN = page)
y tudalen the page; but often y dudalen, perhaps from assuming that
-en is the feminine suffix found in many other nouns)
:_______________________________.
dalennog <da-LE-nog> [daˡlɛnɔg] adjective
1
laminated
2
metel dalennog sheet metal
ETYMOLOGY: (dalenn- (penult form of dalen = leaf, page)) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
dalfa <DAL-va> [ˡdalva] feminine noun
PLURAL dalféydd <dal-VEIDH> [dalˡvəɪð]
y ddalfa the pound, police cell, etc
1 pound, place to contain animals
2 police cell
3 arrest, detention, capture
yn y ddalfa in custody, detained
mynd â rhywun i’r ddalfa take somebody into custody
marwolaethau hunanachosedig yn y
ddalfa self-inflicted deaths in custody
sarjant dalfa custody sergeant (police
sergeant based in the cell block of a police station whose task is to confirm
that the arrest and detention of a detainee / an arrestee is lawful, and who
give or refuse authorisation for the further detention of the prisoner.
Continued detenion allows further evidence to be obtained, or breath analysers
to be used with drunk drivers, etc. Once an individual is detained, the custody
sergeant looks after the welfare of the prisoner, ensuring that his or her
rights are respected, arranging solicitors, calling medical assistance, etc.)
4 catch (of fish)
Mae’r tywydd wedi bod yn dda a’r
pysgotwyr wedi cael dalfa dda
heddiw
The weather has been fine and the fishermen have
had a good catch today
cael dalfa wael have a poor catch
5 dalfa deg a fair cop = recognition to a policeman that one has
been caught fairly because an offence was being committed
Gyrru adre'n feddw yr oedd e, a dyma heddwas yn rhoi arwydd iddo aros
Wel, dyma hi, meddai'r gyrrwr wrtho'i hun, dalfa deg
He was driving home drunk, and a policeman signalled to him to stop. Well,
that's it, said the driver to himself, it's a fair cop
6 trap = drainage trap, curved section in a drain allowing water to flow out but
preventing odours and noxious gases from a sewer from escaping into the
atmosphere, and for catching items that may fall into the drain (e.g. wedding
rings in a sink or toilet)
Rhaid cadw pob pibell wastraff, dalfa
a gwli yn ddirwystr
All waste pipes, traps and gullies must be kept free of blockages
dalfa P P trap = a u-shaped
piece of pipe under a sink or toilet with a connecting pipe with a 90 turn,
contimuning on the level
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dalfa S S trap = a
u-shaped piece of pipe under a sink or in a toilet with a connecting pipe with
a 180 turn, leading downwards
http://www.homeclick.com/web/catalog/product_detail.aspx?pid=247524&cid=247524307/15:H:pronto
ETYMOLOGY: (dal , stem of
dal = to catch, to hold) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating
an action)
:_______________________________.
dali <DAA-li> [ˡdɑˑlɪ] verb
1 you will catch; from dal = to
catch
cerdd yn ddistaw ati (= yr iâr), mi dali hi mewn munud
walk carefully towards it (the hen) and you’ll catch it in seconds ("in a
minute")
NOTE: (dal, stem of dal = to catch, to hold) + (-i second person singular present
termination). In literary Welsh there is vowel affection (deli), but in the spoken language this in general no longer occurs
before this final -i - thus dali
:_______________________________.
daliant <DAL-yant> [ˡdaljant] masculine
noun
1 suspension (of fine particles in a liquid)
mewn daliant in suspension
Sut y gellir gwahanu’r gronynnau mewn daliant
o’r hylif?
How might the grains in suspension be separated from the liquid?
:_______________________________.
daliant <DAL-yant> [ˡdaljant] verb,
third-person plural present-future indicative of dal (= to catch)
Fe’u daliant yn eu crafangau miniog a’u lladd
They catch them in their
sharp claws and kill them
:_______________________________.
dall, deillion
<DALH, DEILH-yon> [daɬ, ˡdəɪɬjɔn] (adjective)
1 blind
bod yn ddall o’ch geni be born blind, be blind from birth (“be
blind from your being-born”)
bod wedi’ch geni’n ddall be born blind, be blind from birth (“be
after your being-born blind”)
bod mor ddall
â’r garreg be as blind as a bat (“be as blind as the stone”)
2
y deillion = blind people
3 Dalla’ o bawb na fynn weld
None so blind as those who will not see
(“(the) blindest of everybody (is) the-one-who-not wants seeing / who insists
on not seeing”)
4 chwarae
mwgwd y dall play blind man’s buff (“play (the) blindfold (of) the blnd
man”)
5 (noun) blind person
y dall yn tywys y dall the blind
leading the blind (“the blind man leading the blind man”)
6 bod yn ddall bost be as blind as a
bat (“be gatepost blind, as blind as a gatepost”)
bod mor ddall â’r nos be as blind as
a bat (“be as blind as the night”)
bod mor ddall â’r garreg be as blind
as a bat (“be as blind as the stone”)
bod mor ddall â thwrch daear be as
blind as a bat (“be as blind as a mole” / “earth-pig”)
bod mor ddall â’r wadd be as blind
as a bat (“be as blind as the mole”)
bod mor ddall â’r wal be as blind as
a mole (“be as blind as the wall”)
mynd yn ddall i rywbeth rush blindly
into (some venture), do something without thinking of the consequences (“go
blindly to something”)
oed dall blind date
7 blind = hidden
cornel ddall blind corner; bend in a
street around the corner of a building which cannot be fully seen
tro dall blind bend; bend in a road
which cannot be fully seen
:_______________________________.
dallt <DAALHT> [dɑːɬt] (v)
1 (North Wales) < deall to understand
dw i’m yn dallt (North Wales) = ni ydwyf fi yn deall I
don’t understand
(delwedd 7367)
:_______________________________.
dal y llygoden
a’i bwyta <DAL ə lhə-GOO-den
ai BUI-ta> [ˡdal ə ɬəˡgoˑdɛn
aɪ ˡbʊɪta]
1 live from hand to mouth, live in poverty, be unable to provide for future
needs
ETYMOLOGY: (‘catch the mouse and eat it’)
(dal = catch) + (y llygoden = the mouse) + (a’i = and its) + (bwyta = eating, to eat)
:_______________________________.
damcaniaeth,
damcaniaethau <dam-KAN-yaith, -yeth,
dam-kan-YEITH-ai, -e> [damˡkanjaɪθ, -jɛθ,
damkanˡjəɪθaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 theory
y ddamcaniaeth the theory
ETYMOLOGY: (damcan- stem of damcanu = theorize) + (-i-aeth, suffix for forming abstract
nouns)
:_______________________________.
damcanu <dam-KAA-ni> [damˡkɑˑnɪ]
1 theorize, conjecture
ETYMOLOGY: (dam- = around),
substituting the prefix am of amcanu (= to intend, to aim, to
estimate).
Earliest example in William Owen-Pughe’s dictionary of 1794.
The prefix dam is British do-ambi- (to + around), equivalent to
Welsh do (obsolete, = to) and am (= around). It is found in some
words which have been documented over the centuries, though these are now
mostly obsolete, except for damsang
(= to trample)
:_______________________________.
dameg, damhegion
<DA-meg, dam-HEG-yon> [ˡdamɛg,damˡhɛgjɔn] (feminine noun)
1 parable
2
(gweld rhybeth) trwy ddrych mewn dameg
(see something) through a glass darkly = (see) something imperfectly, not get a
clear picture of something (in the English expression “glass” = looking glass,
mirror)
(The expression is from the words of the Apostle Paul in Corinthians-1 /
Corinthiaid-1)
13:11 pan oeddwn fachgen, fel bachgen y
llefarwn, fel bachgen y deallwn, fel bachgen y meddyliwn: ond pan euthum yn ŵr,
mi a rois heibio bethau bachgennaidd. (13:12) canys gweled yr ydym yn awr hon trwy ddrych, mewn dameg; ond yna, wyneb yn wyneb: yn awr
yr adwaen o ran; ond yna yr adnabyddaf megis y’m hadwaenir. (13:13) Yr awr hon y mae yn aros ffydd, gobaith,
cariad, y tri hyn; a’r mwyaf o’r rhai hyn ywn cariad.
13:11 When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I
thought as a child: but when I became a man, I put away childish things.
(13:12) For now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face: now I
know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known. (13:13) And now
abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is
charity.
dameg parable, allusion, enigma,
dark saying
mewn dameg parabolically,
allegorically, darkly
:_______________________________.
damwain,
damweiniau <DAM-wain, -wen,
dam-WEIN-yai, -ye> [ˡdamwaɪn ˡdamwɛn, damˡwəɪnjaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 accident
y ddamwain = the accident
Uned Ddamweiniau ac Achosion Brys
Accident and Emergency Unit (section of a hospital) (“unit (of) accidents and
urgent cases”)
:_______________________________.
damweiniol
<dam-WEIN-yol>
[damˡwəɪnjɔl] adjective
1 accidental
difrod damweiniol accidental damage
ETYMOLOGY: (damwein- penult form of damwain = accident) + (-iol, suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Dan.
1 abbreviation of Llyfr
Daniel, the Book of Daniel
:_______________________________.
dan <DAN> [dan]
(South Wales) <DAN> (preposition) under (mainly South Wales)
(1) - dana i (South Wales) <DA-nai> [ˡdanaɪ] (preposition) (first person
singular) under me
(1) - danon ni (South Wales) <DAA-no-ni> [ˡdɑˑnɔnɪ] (first person plural) under us
(2) - danat ti (South Wales) <DAA-na-ti> [ˡdɑˑnatɪ] (second person singular) under you
(2) - danoch chi (South Wales) <DAA-no-khi> [ˡdɑˑnɔxɪ] (preposition) (second person plural)
under you
(3) - dani hi (South Wales) <DAA-ni-hi> [ˡdɑˑnɪhɪ] (preposition) (third person singular
feminine) (she) under her
(3) - dano fe (South Wales) <DAA-no-ve> [ˡdɑˑnɔvɛ] (preposition) (third person singular
masculine) (ell) under her
(3) - danyn nhw (South Wales) <DAA-ni-nu> [ˡdanɪnʊ] (preposition) (third person plural)
under them
1 dan do <dan DOO> [dan ˡdoː] inside
the house (‘under roof’)
2 dan ei sang <dan i SANG> [dan ɪ ˡsaŋ] choc-a-bloc,
packed, crammed (building, full of people)
3 dan reolaeth <dan re-OO-laith,
-leth> [dan rɛˡoˑlaɪθ, -ɛθ] under control
4 dal dan rywun plead
someone’s cause (“hold under someone”)
5 Mae dan ddwylath o bridd
He’s dead and buried, He’s six foot under, He’s pushing up the daisies (“he’s
under two yards of earth”)
6 dan yr amgylchiadau all
things considered, considering the circumstances, in view of the situation
7 bod dan ddedfryd marwolaeth
be under sentence of death
8
claddu dan yr hen drefn eat heartily
(“bury under / according to the old system”)
9 dan ei sang (qv)
10 dan ei gofal (qv)
11 dan gwmwl (qv)
12 dan gysgod (qv)
13 dan lenni’r nos (qv)
14 dan rith (qv)
15 dan y fwyell (qv)
16 dan un (qv)
17 place names: Dan-lan, Danyderi,
Dan-y-graig (qv)
18 dani (qv)
:_______________________________.
danas <DAA-nas> [ˡdɑˑnas] masculine
noun
PLURAL danasod
<da-NA-sod> [daˡnasɔd]
1 (Dama dama) fallow deer (deer originally from the Mediterranean area with
flattened antlers and in summer a reddish coat with white spots)
2
bwch danas plural bychod danas roebuck, male of fallow
deer.
Also bwch y danas, bwchadanas
3 gafr
ddanas plural geifr danas roe
hind, female of fallow deer
ETYMOLOGY: The fallow deer is a species that was an introduced to the island of
Britain by the Norman invaders, and danas
is probably some form of Old French dain
(= hind, female deer).
In modern French it is daim
..a/ fallow deer;
..b/ male deer, buck
:_______________________________.
Daneg <DAA-neg> [ˡdɑˑnɛg] (f, adj)
1 Danish
siarad Daneg to speak Danish
Daneg eich iaith Danish-speaking
:_______________________________.
dan ei gofal <dan i GOO-val> [dan ɪ ˡgoˑval]
1 (South Wales) bod dan ei gofal be pregnant
A glywsoch chi am ferch Shôn Dan...? Mae dan ei gofal mydde nhwy (Gardd
y Gweithiwr, Blwyddyn 1860)
Have you heard about Shôn Dan’s daughter? She’s pregnant, they say
ETYMOLOGY: (dan= under) + (ei
= her) + (gofal = care)
:_______________________________.
dan ei sang
<dan i SANG> [dan ɪ ˡsaŋ] adjective
1 filled to capacity, full to bursting, chock-a-block, packed out, full to
the seams,
at bursting point, full up, crammed
bod dan ei sang o... be full
up with...
Roedd yr amgueddfa dan ei sang o
dwristiaid The museum was chock-a-block with tourists
ETYMOLOGY: (dan= under) + (ei = his / her / its) + (sang = trampling; sangu = to trample)
:_______________________________.
danfon <DAN-von> [ˡdanvɔn] (verb)
1 send
Onis danfonir, dychweler at yr anfonydd (“if-not-it / is-sent / let-it-be-returned / to / the / sender”)
If undelivered, please return to sender
2 fan ddanfon delivery
van
:_______________________________.
danfoniad,
danfoniadau <dan-VON-yad,
dan-von-YAA-dai -e> [danˡvɔnjad, danvɔnˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1 sending, despatch
2 Danfoniad am ddim Carriage
paid; Delivery free
:_______________________________.
Danfonir am ddim <dan-VOO-nir am
DHIM> [danˡvoˑnɪr am ˡðɪm]
1 “We deliver free of charge”; “Free home deliveries”
ETYMOLOGY: (“it-is-sent for nothing”)
:_______________________________.
Danfonir i’r
cartref <dan-VOO-nir ir KAR-trev> [danˡvoˑnɪr ɪr ˡkartrɛv]
1 “Home deliveries”
ETYMOLOGY: (“it-is-sent to the home”)
:_______________________________.
dangos <DANG-gos> [ˡdaŋgɔs] (verb)
1 show
2 show = point out
Allech chi ddangos imi’r ffordd i’r orsaf?
Could you show me the way to the station?
3 eich dangos eich hun show off,
boast (“show yourself”)
On’d
yw hi’n hoff o ddangos ei hun? Isn’t she a show off? She really
likes to show off, doesn’t she? (“isn’t she fond of showing herself”)
4 dangos y faner show the
flag = put in an appearance, make your presence noted at some gathering or
event
5
dangos eich rhuddin show your
mettle, show what you’re made of
NOTE: In the North dan|gos has become dangos
<DANG-gos>
[ˡdaŋgɔs] > dangos <DA-ngos> [ˡdaŋɔs]
(delwedd 7320)
:_______________________________.
dangosol <da-NGO-sol> [daˡŋɔsɔl] (adjective)
1 (Grammar) demonstrative
Abbreviation = dangosol
:_______________________________.
dan gwmwl <dan GU-mul> [dan ˡgʊmʊl]
1 “under a cloud”
yr haul yn mynd o dan gwmwl
..a/ (sun) disappear behind a cloud
.b/ (figurative) (sun) stop shining; said of misfortune, end of happiness
Cyrhaedodd y newydd ei bod wedi marw y noson gynt. Aeth yr haul o dan gwmwl
The news arrived that she had died the previous night. The sun stopped shining
2 bod dan gwmwl = be under a cloud, under reproach or suspicion, in
disgrace
ETYMOLOGY: “under (a) cloud” (dan
= under) + soft mutation + (cwmwl = cloud)
:_______________________________.
dan gysgod
<dan GƏ-skod> [dan ˡgəskɔd]
1 (adverb)
under shelter
2 (preposition) under the shelter of, sheltered by
mynd
i lawr dibyn serth dan gysgod Craig y Widdon
go down a steep descent sheltered by Craig y Widdon (craig = crag, rock)
:_______________________________.
danheddog <da-NHEE-dhog> [daˡnheˑðɔg] (adj)
1 toothed
2 mân-ddanheddog fine-toothed
mân ddanheddog
(mân = small, fine ) + soft mutation
+ (danheddog = toothed)
helygen fân-ddanheddog (PLURAL: helyg mân-ddanheddog) (Salix
breviserrata) finely-toothed willow
danhogen <dan-HOO-nog> [danˡhoˑgɛn] (f)
PLURAL: dannog <DA-nog> [ˡdanɔg] (f)
1 (Stachys) betony
danhogen y coed PLURAL: dannog y coed (Stachys officinalis)
(wikipedia): commonly known as Purple Betony, Betaine (fr), Betonie
(ger), Bishopwort, Lousewort, Wild hop, Wood betony (Do not confuse with
true Wood Betony (Pedicularis canadensis)), or Bishop's wort... The word stachys
comes from the Greek, meaning "an ear of grain," and refers to the
fact that the inflorescence is often a spike.
There is
a street in Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg) called Dannog-y-coed (‘wood
betonies’), on street maps as ‘Dannog y Coed’
(delwedd 7017)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘toothed (plant)’ (from the toothed
leaves growing at the base of the plant)
(dant
= tooth) + (-og adjectival suffix) > *dantog > dannog (adjectives
in -og applied to plants and animals were also used as nouns)
(*dantog = toothed plant) + (-en diminutive
suffix) > *dantogen > danhogen
(nt > nh)
:_______________________________.
dani <DAA-ni> [ˡdɑˑnɪ] prep
1 under her / it, from the preposition dan =
under
2 “under it” – probably referring to an instrument of punishment – a stick, a
cane, a whip, etc
Pwy sydd dani heddiw? Who’s in for it today? Who’s going to get it
today? Who’s today’s victim? Who's
getting it in the neck today then?
:_______________________________.
Daniel <DAN-yel> [ˡdanjɛl] (masculine noun)
1 Daniel
:_______________________________.
Dan-lan <dan-LAN> [danˡlan]
1 “Danlan Road”, “Danlan Park” street names in
Pen-bre (county of Caerfyrddin) (in Welsh these would be Heol Dan-lan, Parc
Dan-lan)
ETYMOLOGY: dan lan “below
the hill” (dan= below) + (y definite article) + (lan =
hill)
In place names, the linking definite article is often dropped Dan-y-lan
> Dan-lan
:_______________________________.
dan lenni’r nos
<dan LE-nir NOOS> [ˡdan ˡlɛnɪr
ˡnoːs]
1 under cover of night
ETYMOLOGY: “under (the) curtains
(of) the night”
(dan= under) + soft mutation + (llenni = curtains, plural of llen
= curtain) + (y = the) + (nos = night)
:_______________________________.
dannedd <DA-nedh> [ˡdanɛð] (plural noun)
1 teeth - plural of dant
:_______________________________.
dannodd <DA-nodh> [ˡdanɔð] (f)
(col·loquial pronunciation)
1 toothache
y ddanodd toothache
See dannoedd
:_______________________________.
dannoedd <DA-noidh> [ˡdanɔɪð] (f)
1 toothache
y ddanoedd toothache
Mae’r ddannoedd arna i I’ve got
toothache (“the toothache is on me”)
Colloquially dannoedd > danno’dd / dannodd <DA-nodh> [ˡdanɔð]
:_______________________________.
dan ni <da-ni> [ˡdanɪ] (verb)
1 we are (North Wales)
:_______________________________.
dan rith <dan-RIITH> [ˡdan ˡriːθ]
1 in the guise of, disguised as
dan rith bugail disguised as a shepherd
ETYMOLOGY: ‘under (the) appearance
(of)’
(dan= under) + soft mutation + (rhith = appearance)
:_______________________________.
dant, dannedd
<DANT, DA-nedh> [dant, ˡdanɛð] (masculine
noun)
1 tooth
tynnu’r dŵr o’ch dannedd make
your mouth water (“draw water / saliva from your teeth”)
Roedd arogleuon y madarch yn ffrïo yn
tynnu dŵr o ’nannedd
The smell of the mushrooms frying was making my mouth water
2 gefel ddannedd (Dentistry)
forceps
(“pincers (of) teeth”) (gefel =
tongs) + soft mutation + (dannedd
teeth, plural of dant = tooth)
:_______________________________.
danteithfwyd,
danteithfwydydd <dan-TEITH-vuid,
dan-teith-VUI-didh> [danˡtəɪθvʊɪd,
dantəɪθˡvʊɪdɪð] (masculine noun)
1 appetising morsel
:_______________________________.
Dan-twyn <dan-TUIN> [dan ˡtʊɪn]
1 “Dantwyn Road” street name in Pontarddulais
(county of Abertawe) (in Welsh this would be Heol Dan-twyn )
ETYMOLOGY: dan twyn < dan y twyn
“below the hill” (dan= below) + (y definite article) + (twyn
= hill)
In place names, the linking definite article is often dropped Dan-y-twyn
> Dan-twyn
:_______________________________.
dant y llew
<dant ə LHEU> [dant ə ˡɬɛʊ] (masculine noun)
1 dandelion (Yorkshire English: piss-bed)
:_______________________________.
dan un <dan
IIN> [dan ˡiːn]
1 (North-east Wales) while you're at it, at the
same time
Waeth iti brynu un i mi dan un
You may as well buy me one while you're at it
ETYMOLOGY: “while same” (dan =
under, while) + (un = one, same)
:_______________________________.
Dan-y
bryn <dan ə BRIN> [dan ə ˡbrɪn]
1 street name in Porthtywyn / Burry Port (county of
Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen)
(spelt as “Dan y Bryn”). Curiousky, not
far from here, by Heol Gwscwm, there is a street called “Tan-y-bryn”
ETYMOLOGY: dan y bryn “(the place) below the hill”
(dan = under, below) + (y definite article) + (bryn =
hill)
:_______________________________.
Danyderi <dan ə DEE-ri> [ˌdan ə ˡdeˑrɪ]
1 Street name in
..a/ Aber-dâr Heol Danyderi (“Danyderi Street”)
..b/ Bromerthyr (Merthyr Vale) Rhestr Danyderi (“Danyderi
Terrace”)
..c/ Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr Danyderi (“Dan y Deri”)
..d/ Y Fenni (county of Mynwy) Danyderi (“Dan y Deri”)
ETYMOLOGY: dan y deri “below
the oak trees” (dan= below) + (y definite article) + (deri
= oak trees, plural of dâr = oak tree)
:_______________________________.
dan y fwyell <dan ə
VUI-elh> [dan ə ˡvʊɪɛɬ]
1 (expenditure, services) under the axe, threatened with being restricted,
(project) threatened with termination
ETYMOLOGY: ‘under the axe’ (dan=
under, below) + (y definite article)
+ soft mutation + (bwyell = axe)
:_______________________________.
Dan-y-graig
<dan ə GRAIG> [ˌdan ə ˡgraɪg]
1 district of Porth-cawl (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr), on the eastern side
of the town
2 ST2390 district in the county of Caerffili north of the village of
Pontymister, opposite Rhisga on the other side of the river Ebwy
3 SS6793 district of Abertawe, 2km to the east of the centre of
Abertawe on the other side of the river Tawe, and west of the village of Port
Tennant
4 street name
.....(1) Dan-y-graig Abertridwr
(county of Caerffili)
(occurs in the form ‘Dan-y-Graig’)
.....(2) Dan-y-graig Graigyrhaca,
Bedwas (county of Caerffili)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig’)
.....(3) Dan-y-graig Graigfelen,
Clydach (county of Abertawe)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig’)
.....(4) Dan-y-graig Cwm-twrch Isaf
SN7610 (county of Powys)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig’)
.....(5) Dan-y-graig Yr Ystrad
(county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig’)
.....(6) Dan-y-graig by Disgwylfa
Fawr, Aberafan (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig’)
.....(7) Dan-y-graig Trelewis, Cwm
Ogwr Fawr (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig’)
.....(8) Dan-y-graig Pant-mawr
(Caer-dydd)
(occurs in the form ‘Dan y Graig’)
.....(9) Dan-y-graig Pontymister
(county of Caerffili)
(occurs in the form ‘Dan y Graig’)
.....(10) Heol Dan-y-graig
Pontymister (county of Caerffili)
(occurs in the form ‘Dan y Graig Road’)
.....(11) Rhestr Dan-y-graig
Bryn-coch (county of Caerffili)
(occurs in the form ‘Dan-y-graig Terrace’)
.....(12) Rhestr Dan-y-graig
Llanhari (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Terrace’)
.....(13) Heol Dan-y-graig Llanhari
(county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Road’)
.....(14) Dan-y-graig Pontlotyn
(county of Caerffili)
(occurs in the form ‘Dan y Graig’)
.....(15) Heol Dan-y-graig
Mynachlog-nedd (county of Castell-nedd as Aberafan)
(occurs in the form ‘Dan-y-Graig Road’)
.....(16) Coedlan Dan-y-graig
Porth-cawl (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Avenue’)
.....(17) Cilgant Dan-y-graig
Tonysguboriau (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Crescent’)
.....(18) Rhodfa Dan-y-graig
Tonysguboriau (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Drive’)
.....(19) Bynglos Dan-y-graig
Pontymister (county of Caerffili)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Bungalows’)
.....(20) Heol Dan-y-graig Trebannws
(county of Abertawe)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Road’)
.....(21) Heol Dan-y-graig
Dan-y-graig (county of Abertawe)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Road’)
.....(22) Rhestr Dan-y-graig
Tonypandy (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Terrace’)
.....(23) Rhestr Dan-y-graig
Ynys-hir (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Terrace’)
ETYMOLOGY: dan y graig ‘below the crag / rock’
(dan= below) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (craig = crag, rock)
:_______________________________.
dar- <DAR> prefix
[dar]
Causes soft mutation
1 prefix = intensifier (the action is more than that suggested by
the original verb)
..a/ gostwng = lower, dar ostwng darostwng = to cause to submit, to dominate
..b/ gwydd (element meaning
‘knowledge’) > *dar wydd > derwydd = prophet (obsolete meaning), druid
(modern meaning)
..c/ llith = reading, dar lith
darlith = lecture
..d/ llun = picture, dar lun
darlun = painting
..e/ pwyllo = consider, understand, dar bwyllo
darbwyllo = convince
2 prefix; acts as a “softener” of the meaning of the verb to which
it is attached (the action is less than that suggested by the original verb)
..a/ cysgu = to sleep, dar gysgu
dargysgu = to sleep lightly
..b/ llosgi = to burn, dar losgi
darlosgi = to singe, scorch
ETYMOLOGY: Celtic *do-are, corresponding
to Welsh do (obsolete, = to), and ar (= facing)
:_______________________________.
dâr, PLURAL deri <DAAR, DEE-ri> [dɑːr] [ˡdeˑrɪ]
(feminine noun)
1 oak tree
y ddâr the oak tree
2 Rhiw’r-ddâr [hrɪʊr ˡðɑːr]
Street name in Glan-y-llyn, Ffynnon-taf (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
rhiw’r ddâr (“(the) slope (of) the oak tree”)
3 Lôn y Deri street in Caerffili “(the) lane (of) the oak trees”, “oak
lane”
See deri
:_______________________________.
da’r <DAAR> [daːr]
1 This is a southern form of daear (= earth)
daear > (monosyllabic form ) daer
> daar
NOTE: Usually spelt (less correctly) dâr
A clearer indication of the correct
informal pronunciation of this word would be daar [daːr] , and däär [dæːr] to represent the south-eastern
pronunciation, though these spellings with a duplicated vowel are
not used outside this dictionary
See the entry aa / daar
:_______________________________.
darfelydd <dar-VEE-lidh> [darˡveˑlɪð] masculine noun
1 (a literary word, now not in use) fancy, imagination
ETYMOLOGY:
..a/ (dar- = intensifying prefix ) +
(fel = like) + (-ydd noun suffix for indicating a device or an agent).
..b/ Or the middle element is mal –
dar- = intensifying prefix) + soft
mutaiton + (mal = like) + (-ydd)
> dar-fál-ydd with the change a > e before a “y” in the final syllable, a change typical in Welsh
The first example of darfelydd is to
be found in William Owen Pughe's
“Dictionary of the Welsh Language” (1794 onwards), and so is very likely to be
one of his numerous neologisms
:_______________________________.
darfod <DAR-vod> [ˡdarvɔd] (verb)
1 end, cease
Ar ôl gweld a gwynto’r cawl yn y crochan
darfyddodd ein chwant bwyd
After seeing and smelling the soup in the cooking pot our hunger went away
:_______________________________.
darganfod <dar-GAN-vod> [darˡganvɔd] (verb)
1 discover
:_______________________________.
dargludydd
<dar-GLII-didh>
[darˡgliˑdɪð] masculine noun
PLURAL dargludyddion
<dar-glid-ƏDH-yon> [darglɪdˡəðjɔn]
1 carrier, a thing which carries
2 dargludydd mellt,
dargludyddion mellt
lightning
conductor
“carrier (of)
lightning flashes”
3 lled-ddargludydd
semiconductor
ETYMOLOGY: (darglud-, stem of dargludo = to carry) + (-ydd = agent suffix)
:_______________________________.
darladd <DAR-ladh> [ˡdarlað] verb
1 (South Wales) half-kill, give a real hiding to, etc
See darnladd
:_______________________________.
dar-ladd <dar-LAADH> [darˡlɑːð] verb
1 (South Wales) half-kill, give a real hiding to, etc
See darnladd
:_______________________________.
darlith,
darlithiau / darlithoedd <DAR-lith, dar-LITH-yai,
ye- / dar-LII-thoidh, -odh> [ˡdarlɪθ], [darˡlɪθjaɪ, darˡlɪθjɛ;
darˡliˑθɔɪð, darˡliˑθɔð] (feminine noun)
1 lecture
y ddarlith the lecture
:_______________________________.
darlithio <dar-LITH-yo> [darˡlɪθjɔ] (verb)
1 to lecture
:_______________________________.
darlledu <dar-LHEE-di> [darˡɬeˑdɪ] (verb)
1 (radio, TV programs) to broadcast
:_______________________________.
darllen <DAR-lhen> [ˡdarɬɛn] (verb)
1 to read
darllenais i <dar-LHE-nais-i> [darˡɬeˑnaɪsɪ] I read (preterite tense)
darllenes i <dar-LHE-nes-i> [darˡɬeˑnɛsɪ] I read (preterite tense) (colloquial)
2 darllen (rhywbeth) drwyddo read (something) in
its entirety, read all of (something)
darllen (rhywbeth) o’i gwr read (something) in its entirety, read all of
(something)
3
darllen y Ddeddf Derfysg read the
Riot Act = give a severe warning that a certain activity must not continue; to
reprimand forcefully.
From the Riot Act in force in the English state from 1715-1973, which required
meetings of more than 12 people to disperse within an hour of the relevant part
of the act being read to them “Our Sovereign Lord the King chargeth and
commandeth all persons being assembled immediately to disperse themselves, and
peaceably to depart to their habitations or to their lawful business, upon the
pains contained in the act made in the first year of King George for preventing
tumultuous and riotous assemblies. God save the King.”
:_______________________________.
darllengar
<dar-LHEN-gar> [darˡɬɛngar] (adjective)
1 fond of reading
:_______________________________.
darllenwr <dar-LHEE-nur> [darˡɬeˑnʊr] masculine
noun
PLURAL darllenwyr
<dar-LHEN-wir>
[darˡɬɛnwɪr]
1 reader = person who reads
Nadolig Llawen a Blwyddyn Newydd Dda i’n
Darllenwyr
Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to our Readers
ddarllenwr hoff dear reader (author
addressing the reader of his work) (the soft mutation at the beginning of the
phrase (darllenwr > ddarllenwr) indicates a vocative use)
2 reader = person who likes reading
Waeth i mi gyfaddef na fûm i erioed yn
ddarllenwr mawr
I have to confess / I may as well admit I’ve never been a great reader
ETYMOLOGY: (darllen-, stem of darllen = to read) + (-wr = ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
darllenydd <dar-LHEE-nidh> [darˡɬeˑnɪð] masculine noun
PLURAL darllenwyr <dar-LHEN–wir> [darˡɬɛnwɪr]
1 reader = person who is reading a book or
newspaper
2 reader = person who regularly reads a newspaper
papur wythnosol â chwe mil o ddarllenwyr a weekly with a readership of
six thousand, with six thousand readers
3 darllenydd proof reader
darllenydd profion proof reader
4 reader = lecturer in a university, ranking between a senior
lecturer and a professor
Darllenydd
mewn Almaeneg ym Mhrifysgol Cymru Aberystwyth
a Reader in German at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth
5 reader = device for reading
darllenydd côd bar barcode reader
ETYMOLOGY: (darllen-,
stem of darllen = to read) + (-ydd noun suffix for indicating a
device or an agent)
:_______________________________.
darlun,
darluniau <DAR-lin, dar-LIN-yai, -ye>
[ˡdarlɪn] [darˡlɪnjaɪ, darˡlɪnjɛ] (masculine noun)
1 picture
cael darlun
cyflawn o’u hanghenion to get a full picture of their needs
cael darlun
cytbwys o get a balanced view of
Mae'n anodd cael
darlun clir am faint o bobl anabl sydd yn y DG
It’s hard to get a clear picture of how may disabled people there are in
the UK
:_______________________________.
darlunaidd
<dar-LII-naidh, -nedh> [darˡliˑnaɪð, darˡliˑnɛð] adjective
1
picturesque
Also: darluniaidd <dar-LIN-yaidh, yedh> [darˡlɪnjaɪð, darˡlɪnjɛð]
ETYMOLOGY: (darlun = picture) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
darlundy <dar-LIN-di> [darˡlɪndɪ] masculine
noun
PLURAL darlundai
<dar-LIN-dai> [darˡlɪndaɪ]
1
(formerly in occasional use as a literary word) picture house = cinema
ETYMOLOGY: (darlun = picture) + soft
mutation + (tŷ = house)
:_______________________________.
darluniad <dar-LIN-yad> [darˡlɪnjad] masculine
noun
PLURAL darluniadau
<dar-lin-YAA–dai, -de> [darlɪnˡjɑˑdaɪ, darlɪnˡjɑˑdɛ]
1
portrayal, picture, illustration
ETYMOLOGY: (darlun- stem of darlunio = to draw, to illustrate, to
portray) + (-i-ad noun-forming
suffix)
:_______________________________.
darluniadol
<dar-lin-YAA-dol> [darlɪnˡjɑˑdɔl] adjective
1
pictorial, illustrated
ETYMOLOGY: (darluniad = portrayal,
picture, illustration ) + (-ol
suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
darluniaidd
<dar-LIN-yaidh, -yedh> [darˡlɪnjaɪð, darˡlɪnjɛð] adjective
1
picturesque
Also: darlunaidd
ETYMOLOGY: (darlun = picture) + (-i-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
darn <DARN> [darn] masculine noun
PLURAL darnau <DAR-nai, -ne> [ˡdarnaɪ, ˡdarnɛ]
Diminutive form: dernyn <DER-nin> [ˡdɛrnɪn]
1 piece
= a fragment, a bit broken off, detached piece, part of a whole
torri yn ddarnau break into pieces
rhwygo yn ddarnau rip up, rip to
bits, tear up, tear to bits
cafodd y papur newydd ei rwygo yn
ddarnau gan y siaradwr ar y llwyfan am ei fod yn wrth-Gymreig o glawr i glawr
the newspaper was ripped up by the speaker on the stage because it was
anti-Welsh from cover to cover
dernyn tenau o bren a thin piece of wood
disgyn fel dernyn o blwm fall like a lump of lead
2
piece broken off and used as a missile
darn bric piece of brick, brickbat,
piece of brick used as a missile
3 part = component for assembly
darn sbâr spare part
darnau peiriant parts of a machine
datod yn ddarnau take to pieces
tynnu yn ddarnau take to pieces
4 part = detached part of a whole as an example, sample
5 undarn one-piece
siwt undarn one-piece suit = bathing
costume as a single garment
6 deuddarn two-piece
siwt ddeudarn lady’s two-piece suit
(jacket, skirt)
7 tridarn three-piece
siwt dridarn three-piece suit
(jacket, waistcoat, trousers)
swît dridarn three-piece suite (two
armchairs and a sofà)
cwpwrdd tridarn three-tiered
cupboard
8 piece = limited amount of a larger object
darn o dir piece of land
dernyn o dir a small piece of land
9 piece = portion of something to be divided up to be eaten
darn o siocled piece of chocolate
darn o gig piece of meat
10 stretch (of a road or river), portion, part
Mae’r darn yma o hewl yn enbydus tu hwnt
This stretch of road is exceedingly dangerous
11 piece, component = individual part of a collection or set
set o lestri te ugain darn
twenty-piece tea set ("set of dishes (of) tea (of) twenty piece")
Mae amgueddfa yn yr Unol Daleithiau wedi
cynnig am y casgliad o grochenwaith ond bwriada’r Amgueddfa Genedlaethol wario
yn agos i gan mil o bunnau er mwyn sicrhau y byddai rhai o’r darnau o leiaf yn
aros yng Nghymru
A museum in the United States has made a bid for the collection of pottery but
the National Museum intends to spend almost a hundred thousand pounds to make
sure that at least some of the pieces stay in Wales
12 part of something viewed as a mass
darn o ddillad piece of clothing, item of clothing, garment
pob dernyn o ddillad every single
item of clothing
12
piece = counter or piece of wood or plastic used in board games to represent a
player
13 piece = figure in a chess set, draughts set; chessman, draughts
counter
darn mawr (chess) a piece which
isn’t a pawn (‘big piece’)
14 yn un darn in one
piece, safe and sound, unharmed
15 darn arian coin
dernyn arian coin
darn arian silver coin, darnau arian silver coins
darn aur gold coin, darnau aur gold coins
darn dwy two-pence coin
darn pump five-pence coin
darn deg ten-pence coin
darn ugain twenty-pence coin
darn hanner cant fifty-pence coin
dernyn tair threepenny bit, “thrupenny bit / threp’ny bit”; pre-decimal
(1971) twelve-sided coin
(delwedd 7011)
16
North Wales a bit = a small amount; a
bit more
-Fynni di chwaneg o de? -Rho imi ddarn
ta
-Do you want some more tea? -Give me a bit (more) then
17 darn gwlad part of the
country, area, district, territory, zone with a separate identity
ddim yn y darn gwlad ’ma
not in this part of the world
18 instalment, part, booklet, fascicule (part of a book published in
segments)
19 passage = piece of prose from a book, part of a text, bit
Un bore darllenais y ‘Gibraltar
Chronicle’ a gweld ynddo ddarn yn Gymraeg
One day I read the ‘Gibraltar Chronicle’ and I saw a bit in Welsh
20 passage = part of a musical composition
21 piece of music, song
Gofynnodd i ni ganu y dernyn buddugol
He asked me to sing the winning song
22 darnau pieces, items =
poems, anecdotes, jokes, short songs, etc
Darnau Diddan, John O. John, 1953, Gwasg
y Brython
(book title) Amusing Pieces, (author) John O John, 1953, The Briton Press
24 bob darn (adverb)
every piece, every last bit
Mae’r gath wedi byta’r cig ’na bob darn
The cat’s eaten every little bit of that meat
25 y darn syth olaf the
home stretch, the home straight = the final stretch on a racetrack, from the
last bend to the winning post
26
(north-east) penis
27
patch = small part different from the whole
darn o awyr las a patch of blue sky
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
From the same British root: Cornish darn
(= piece), Breton darn (= piece;
type),
:_______________________________.
darnladd <DARN-ladd> [ˡdarnladd] verb
1 half-kill, beat somebody to within an inch of death, give a real belting
to, give a real hiding to, to throttle, etc
Eisie ’i ddar-ladd sy ar y ci ddiawl ’na
I’ll throttle that bloody dog! (“(it is) (the) need (of) its half-killing that
is on that dog (of) devil”)
Mi’i darladda i e! I’ll throttle
him!
2 cael ei ddarnladd (of
fierce criticism) be slated, be torn to pieces
ETYMOLOGY: darn ladd (darn = part) +
soft mutation + (lladd = to kill)
NOTE: Colloquially with the loss of the ‘n’ - dar-ladd <dar-LAADH> [darˡlɑːð], darladd <DAR-ladh> [ˡdarlað], dyrladd <DƏR-ladh> [ˡdərlað]
Cf the Cambrian English expression, possibly a rough translation of darnladd - "I'll ’alf murder you
if I get my hands on you!". (www. talktidy.com)
:_______________________________.
darogan
("d’rogan") <da-ROO-gan,
DROO-gan> [daˡroˑgan, ˡdroˑgan] (verb)
1 (North Wales) predict
:_______________________________.
darostwng <da-RO-stung> [daˡrɔstʊŋ] (verb)
1 to cause to submit, to dominate
:_______________________________.
darpar 1 <DAR-par> [ˡdarpar] masculine
noun
PLURAL darparoedd
<dar-PAA-roidh, -rodh> [darˡpɑˑrɔɪð, -ɔð]
1 obsolete material
ETYMOLOGY: darpar, word formed from
the verb darparu (qv)
From the same British root:
Cornish darbar (= preparation,
equipment). The word ‘darbar’ with this meaning is also found in the English
dialect of Cornwall.
Breton darbar (= preparation;
administrative measure)
:_______________________________.
darpar 2 <DAR-par> [ˡdarpar] verb
alternative form of darparu = to provide
:_______________________________.
darpar 3 <DAR-par> [ˡdarpar] prefix (cases soft mutation of a following
consonant)
1 designate, elected, chosen, prospective, ‘to be’
gŵr husband;
darpar ŵr fiancé, husband to-be
gwraig wife;
darpar wraig fiancée, bride to-be
maer mayor;
darpar faer mayor elect
esgob bishop;
darpar esgob bishop elect
ymgeisydd candidate (for election as
a member of parliament);
darpar ymgeisydd prospective
candidate, a person who hopes to be a political party’s candidate in an
election
2 intended, trainee; referring to a person receiving instruction (to
be a minister, etc)
gweinidog minister;
darpar weinidog trainee minister
3 about to become, ‘to be’
mam mother;
darpar fam expectant mother,
mother-to-be
4 draft = outline or sketch of something
llunio darpar Gyfansoddiad ar gyfer y
Gymdeithas Hanes
to draw up a draft constitution for the History Society
5 prospective
darpar brynwr prospective buyer,
customer who might be interested in buying goods or services
ETYMOLOGY: See darpar 1
:_______________________________.
darparu <dar-PAA-ri> [darˡpɑˑrɪ]
verb with an object
1 supply, provide
Gorfodid gwyr Ergyn, pan fyddai galw, i
ddarpar i Frenin Lloegr 50 o wyr i’w wasanaethu am bymtheng niwrnod ar eu traul
ei hun pan yr ymwelai â Chymru
The men of Ergyn ("Archenfield"), when the need arose, were
obliged to provide the King of England with 50 men to serve him at their own
expense when he visited Wales
darparu ar gyfer make provision for,
cater for
Yr oedd y gymdeithas gydfuddiannol i
ddarpar ar gyfer eu hangenrheidiau
The mutual benefit society was supposed to cater for their needs
2 get ready, prepare
Cynigiodd iddo goleg yn rhad ac am ddim yn y Rhyl i ddarparu ei hunan ar gyfer
y weinidogaeth
He offered him a place at college in Rhyl free of charge to prepare himself for
the ministry
3 (food, meal) get ready, prepare; provide, serve
Fe aeth i’r gegin fawr, lle yr oedd pryd
o fwyd blasus wedi ei ddarpar
He went to the main kitchen, where a delicious meal had been prepared
Darperir bwyd cartref drwy’r dydd
Home-made food served throughout the day
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh darparu < *darparu (dar- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (*par) + (-u suffix for
forming verbs)
(1) The compound darpar- was
probably formed in British (*do + are + par) rather than in Welsh
(2) The element par <
Indo-European kwer- (= to make)
(3) The influence of peri = to
cause, paratói = to prepare, has
caused the change b > p
(4) From the same British root: Cornish darbari
= to prepare, to provide; Breton darbar
or darbariñ = to serve, act as
assistant
NOTE: an alternative form of the infinitive darparu is darpar <dar-par>
:_______________________________.
darparwr <dar-PAA-rur> [darˡpɑˑrʊr] masculine
noun
PLURAL darparwyr
<dar-PAR-wir>
[darˡparwɪr]
1 supplier, purveyor
William Lloyd Williams a’i Fab,
Darparwyr Cig o Safon Uchel
William Lloyd Williams and Son, Suppliers of Top-Quality Meat
ETYMOLOGY: (darpar-, stem of darparu = to supply) + (-wr suffix for forming nouns, indicates
the agent, ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
darran <DA-ran> [ˡdaran] feminne
noun
1 south-eastern form of darren,
which is the soft-mutated form of tarren
(= mountainside, hill slope)
In south-eastern Welsh an <e> [ɛ] in the
final syllable becomes <a> [a]. See tarren
:_______________________________.
darren <DA-ren> [ˡdarɛn] feminine
noun
1 soft mutation of tarren (qv) (=
mountainside, hill slope)
See tarren
:_______________________________.
Darren
Boy’s name. Seems to have become popular in Wales and England c1970.
No connection with the Welsh word darren (see above).
From English, apparently from the name of a TV actor or TV character in
programmes imported from the USA (James Darren, born 1936, singer and actor?).
Similarly Craig - although found as a first name in Wales, again dating from
c1970, this has no (direct) connection with the Welsh word craig (= rock,
cliff)
(Possibly from English singer Craig Douglas, born Terry Perkins 12/08/1941)
:_______________________________.
Y Darren Ddu <ə DA-ren DHII>
[ə ˡdarɛn
ˡðiː] feminine noun
1 SH8920 hillside in the
district of Meirionnydd (county of Gwynedd) (North-west Wales)
2 SO1505 hillside in the
county of Blaenau Gwent (South-east Wales)
ETYMOLOGY: “the black slope” (y =
definite article) + soft mutation + (tarren
= slope) + soft mutation + (du =
black)
:_______________________________.
Y Darren Fach <ə DA-ren VAAKH>
[ə ˡdarɛn
ˡvɑːx] feminine noun
1 SJ0210 hillside in
the district of Brycheiniog (county of Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: “the little slope” (y =
definite article) + soft mutation + (tarren
= slope) + soft mutation + (bach = little)
:_______________________________.
Y Darren Fawr <ə DA-ren VAUR>
[ə ˡdarɛn
ˡvaʊr] feminine noun
1 SJ 0816 hillside in the
district of Brycheiniog (county of Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: “the big slope” (y =
definite article) + soft mutation + (tarren
= slope) + soft mutation + (mawr = big)
:_______________________________.
Y Darren Felen <ə DA-ren VEE-len>
[ə ˡdarɛn
ˡveˑlɛn] feminine noun
1 SJ2212 hillside in
the county of Blaenau Gwent
ETYMOLOGY: “the yellow slope” (y =
definite article) + soft mutation + (tarren
= slope) + soft mutation + (melen,
feminine form of melyn = yellow)
:_______________________________.
Y Darren-las <ə DA-ren LAAS>
[ə ˡdarɛn
ˡlɑːs] feminine noun
1 locality in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf (South-east Wales)
(1961) population: 2,325, proportion of Welsh-speakers: 18%
(1971) population: 4,270, proportion of Welsh-speakers: 9%
ETYMOLOGY: “the green slope” (y =
definite article) + soft mutation + (tarren
= slope) + soft mutation + (glas =
green)
:_______________________________.
Y Darren Lwyd <ə-DA-ren LUID>
[ə ˡdarɛn
ˡlʊɪd] feminine noun
1 SJ2333 hillside in the district of Brycheiniog (county of Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: “the grey slope” (y =
definite article) + soft mutation + (tarren
= slope) + soft mutation + (llwyd =
gris)
:_______________________________.
Y Darren Widdon
<ə da-ren WII-dhon> [ə darɛn ˡwiˑðɔn] (feminine noun)
1 place name - the slope of the (male) witch
:_______________________________.
daslo <DA-slo> [ˡdaslɔ] v
1 (dialect) dazzle The Treatment of English Borrowed Words in Colloquial Welsh / Thomas Powel / Y Cymmrodor Vol. VI 1883. / p133 The following paper is an attempt to give a general account of the use and treatment of English words in the colloquial Welsh of the present day. Most of the statements here made are applicable to the whole of Welsh-speaking Wales; but the paper treats more particularly of the dialect spoken, with slight variations, in the Counties of Brecon, Caermarthen, and the greater part of Cardigan. Z. This letter is not known to Welsh, and in borrowed words it becomes s. Sêl (zeal), dăslo (dazzle), pyslo (puzzle), ráser (razor),
etc |
:_______________________________.
dat- <DAT> [dat]
prefix
1 form of the prefix dad-
a) before b (soft mutation of p),
< datblygu (= develop)
< dad-blygu
< dad- + plygu (= fold)
b) before g (soft mutation of c)
...datguddio (= reveal)
< dad-guddio
< dad- + cuddio (= hide)
c) before dd (soft mutation of d)
...datod (= undo)
< dad-ddod
< dad- + dod- (= put), as in South Wakes dodi = (to
put)
d) before r (soft mutation of rh),
...datrannu (= dissect)
< dad-rannu
< dad- + rhannu (= divide)
e) before s
...datseinio (= reverberate)
< dad-seinio
< dad- + seinio (= to sound)
f) before chw
...datchwyddiant (= deflation)
< dad-chwyddiant
< dad- + chwyddiant (= inflation)
:_______________________________.
data <DA-ta> [ˡdata] m
1
data
data rhifol numerical data
ETYMOLOGY: English data < Latin data, plural of datum (“things given”) < dar
(= to give)
:_______________________________.
datberchnogi
<dat-berkh-NOO-gi> [datbɛrxˡnoˑgɪ] verb
1 expropriate
= (government of a state or a local administration) take property by legal
means from an owner, with or without compensation
ETYMOLOGY: (dad- = negative prefix)
+ soft mutation + (perchennog =
owner) + (-i, suffix for forming
verbs)
:_______________________________.
datblygu <dat-BLƏ-gi> [datˡbləgɪ] (verb)
1 develop
:_______________________________.
datblygwr,
datblygwyr <dat-BLƏ-gur dat-BLƏG-wir> [datˡbləgʊr,datˡbləgwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 developer (= constructor of houses, factories)
:_______________________________.
datgan <DAT-gan> [ˡdatgan] (verb)
1 declare
2 datgan barn ar (rywbeth) voice an opinion about
(something)
:_______________________________.
datganiad,
datganiadau <dat-GAN-yad, dat-gan-YAA-dai,
e> [datˡganjad, datganˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 declaration, statement
2 datganiad ar lw sworn statement
(“statement on oath”)
:_______________________________.
datganoli <dat-ga-NOO-li> [datgaˡnoˑlɪ] verb
1 decentralise
= move power away from centre
as a masculine noun:
2 decentralisation = the act of moving power away from the centre
3 (Wales) decentralisation, move powers which affect Wales from the
English administration in London to administrative structures in Wales
coordinated by a Welsh parliament
ETYMOLOGY: (dad- = negative prefix)
+ soft mutation + (canoli = to
centralise); dad-ganoli > datganoli
:_______________________________.
datganoliad
<dat-ga-NOL-yad>
[datgaˡnɔljad] m
1 decentralisation,
taking of power away from the centre
ETYMOLOGY: (datganol-, stem of datganoli = decentralise) + (-iad, suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
datganolwr
<dat-ga-NOO-lur>
[datgaˡnoˑlʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL datganolwyr
<dat-ga-NOL-wir>
[datgaˡnɔlwɪr]
1 devolutionist = person who believes that political power should be
decentralised
2 devolutionist = (Wales) person who supports the principle of
transferring powers from the English administration in London to administrative
structures in Wales
ETYMOLOGY: (datganol-, stem of datganoli = decentralise) + (-wr, ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
datgelu <dat-GEE-li> [datˡgeˑlɪ] (verb)
1 to reveal
datgelu cyfrinach (i rywun) reveal a secret (to someone),
let (someone) into a secret
ETYMOLOGY: (dad- = negative prefix)
+ soft mutation + (celu = to hide); dad-gelu > datgelu
:_______________________________.
datgymalu <dat-gə-MAA-li>
[datgəˡmɑˑlɪ] verb
1 dismember,
dismantle, take apart
datgymalu’r Undeb Prydeinig
dismember the United Kingdom
2 dismantle a railway line, take up a railway line
Mae’r lein o’r Bala i Flaenau Ffestiniog
wedi ei datgymalu ers blynyddoedd
The line from Bala to Blaenau Ffestiniog was taken up years ago
ETYMOLOGY: (dad-) + soft mutation +
(cymal = joint) + (-u = suffix to form verbs) > dad-gymalu
> datgymalu
:_______________________________.
da ti <DAA-ti> [ˡdɑˑtɪ]
1 for
goodness' sake, for your own sake
Bydd yn dawel, da ti! Be quiet, for
goodness’ sake!
ETYMOLOGY: (da = good) + (ti = you)
Cf da chi
:_______________________________.
da’th <DAATH> [ˡdɑːθ]
1
southern form of daeth (= she / he
came)
Usually spelt (less correctly) dâth
See aa / daath
:_______________________________.
dathlu <DATH-li> [ˡdaθlɪ] verb
1
(verb with an object) / (verb without an object) celebrate
2
dathlu’ch pen-blwydd celebrate your
birthday
Ddoe bu’n dathlu ei ben-blwydd yn bedair
ar hugain oed
Yesterday he celebrated his twenty-fourth birthday
dathlu’ch canrif celebrate your
hundredth birthday (“celebrate your century”)
Post Prynhawn yn dathlu'r pymtheg (Cymro 10 11 93) (The programme called)
‘Afternoon Post’ celebrates its fifteenth birthday (“celebrates the fifteen”)
3
dathlu buddugoliaeth celebrate a
victory
Mae’r rhieni sy wedi bod yn galw am
ysgol Gymraeg newydd yn y cylch yn dathlu buddugoliaeth
The parents who have been calling for a new Welsh-language school in the area
celebrate victory
ETYMOLOGY: “To celebrate, to extol”. Word coined by William Owen Pugh 1794 from
an obsolete adjective dathl
(dathl = famous) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)
(delwedd 7616)
(delwedd 7615)
:_______________________________.
dathlwr <DATH-lur> [ˡdaθlʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL dathlwyr
<DATHL-wir> [ˡdaθlwɪr]
1
celebrator, reveller
ETYMOLOGY: (dathl-, stem of dathlu = celebrate) + (-wr)
NOTE: Literary word. Colloquially a reveller is rafiwr (“raver”)
:_______________________________.
datod <DA-tod> [ˡdatɔd] (verb)
1 unfasten, undo (button)
Datododd
fotwm uchaf ei grys He undid the top button of his shirt
Datododd Jones dri botwm ar ei gôt làs
Jones undid three buttons on his lace coat
(Proffedigaethau Enoc Huws (1891) / Daniel Owen (1836-1895)
2
untie, undo, unfasten (shoelace)
3 pick (a lock)
datod clo pick a lock
4 untie (a knot)
datod cwlwm untie a knot
datod llinyn untie a string
5 solve (a mystery)
datod dirgelwch solve a mystery
ETYMOLOGY: (dad- = negative prefix)
+ soft mutation + (dod, verbnoun, usually with the terminiation –i, dodi
= to put) > dád-ddod > (the
combination d-dd becomes t) datod
:_______________________________.
datrys <DA-tris> [ˡdatrɪs] (verb)
1 solve
:_______________________________.
dau <DAI> [dɔɪ] (numeral) (masculine form)
1 two (the feminine form is dwy);
as a prefixed form, dau > deu-
There is soft mutation after dau
peth, dau beth thing, two things
ci bach, dau gi bach puppy, two
puppies
There is soft mutation of dau after
the definite article y
y ddau gar the two cars, both cars
Mae’r ddau’n iawn Both (of them) are
right
2 dau gymaint <dai GƏ-mint> [daɪ ˡgəmɪnt] (masculine noun) twice as much
3 mewn dau at the second
attempt (“in two (attempts)”) (mewn
= in) + (dau = two)
4
Formerly used in dual forms for body parts – survives in dwylo hands (=
dwy law “two hands” < llaw = hand), and dwyffroen nostrils ( =
dwy ffroen “two nostrils” < ffroen = nostril)
Obsolete forms are
dwyglust ears (= dwy glust “two ears” < clust = ear),
deulin knees (= dau glin “two knees” < glin = knee),
dwydroed (= dwy droed” < troed = foot),
deudroed (= dau droed < troed = foot),
5
(South Wales) doubt (ie dau beth -
two things)
Colloquially dou <DOI> [ˡdaɪ, -ɛ]
does dim dou fod... there's no doubt
that, no question that, it's certain that
does dim dou nad... there's no doubt
that ... not....
Does dim dou ar y cwestiwn There's
no doubt about the matter
:_______________________________.
Daugleddau
<dai-GLE-dhai, -e> [daɪ ˡglɛðaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 old territory of the South-west (“the two Cleddau rivers”)
(dau = two) + soft mutation + (Cleddau, river name = sword)
:_______________________________.
daw <DAU> [daʊ] (verb)
1 will come / comes
2 Daw pethau’n well Things will get better, Things will work out
Daw ei dro i bawb Every dog has his day (see entry below)
Daw’r gwir ar glawr The truth will reveal itself (“the truth
will come into view”)
Daw tawelwch ar ôl storm There comes a calm after a storm
pan ddaw hi’n heddwch when there’s peace once more, when the war is
over
3 a ddaw which will come, which comes
ryw ddydd a ddaw one of these days, someday (“some day that will come”)
(soft mutation of the initial consonant in an adverbial phrase)
4 ni
ddaw will not come / doesn’t come; colloquially simply ddaw
Ddaw e byth i sgidiau ei dad He’ll never
be anything like his father, He’ll never be of the same stature as his father
(“he’ll never come into his father’s shoes”)
Ddaw e ddim i ddiwedd da (said of someone whose behaviour is bad) He’ll
come to a bad end (“he won’t come to a good end”)
Helynt ni ddaw ei hunan It never
rains but it pours (“trouble it doesn’t come by itself”)
Ni ddaw i neb ddoe yn ôl You can’t
undo the past, what’s done is done (“yesterday won’t come back to anybody”)
:_______________________________.
Daw ei dro i
bawb <dau i DROO i BAUB> [daʊ ɪ ˡdroː
ɪ ˡbaʊb]
1 Every dog
has his day (a kind of reassurance – that the success which eludes somebody
will come eventually)
ETYMOLOGY: (“will-come his turn to everyone”) (daw = will come) = (ei =
his) + soft mutation + (tro = turn)
+ (i = to) + soft mutation + (pawb = everybody)
:_______________________________.
dawn, doniau
<DAUN, DON-yai, -ye> [ˡdaʊn, ˡdɔnjaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 talent
y ddawn the talent
2 di-ddawn talentless
(di-, negative prefix) + soft mutation + (dawn = talent)
3
dawn Môn (qv) '(the) talent (of)
Môn' - the island was once famed for the ability of its preachers
4 Dawn,
Missouri once had a Welsh community
in the late 1800s.
Query: Is the name of the town from Welsh “dawn”? (Although this is unlikely,
and it is probably English dawn = daybreak)
:_______________________________.
dáwnbilou,
dáunbilous <DAUN-bi-lou,
DAUN-bi-louz> [ˡdaʊnbɪlɔʊ, ˡdaʊnbɪlɔʊz]
(masculine noun)
1 downbelow - inhabitant of South Penfro
:_______________________________.
dawns <DAUNS> [daʊns] feminine noun
PLURAL dawnsiau
<DAUNS-yai, -ye>
[ˡdaʊnsjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 dance
y ddawns the dance
2 Y Ddawns Flodau
("the dance (of) flowers") the floral dance - part of the ceremony of
the Gorsedd of Bards (Gorsedd y Beirdd)
3 twmpath dawns
("mound (of) dance") (i) dance mound, dancing green (ii) folk dance
(= event where people do folk dances)
4 band dawns dance band
("band (of) dance")
5 stiwdio dawns
("studio (of) dance") dance studio, place giving dancing lessons
6 tapddawns tapdance, a
dance in tapped shoes (tap) + soft mutation + (dawns"), a literal
translation of the English word
7 tynnu rhywun trwy’r ddawns
lead someone a merry dance, cause someone to spend time on a series of
pointless or unnecessary matters ("pull someone through the dance")
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < medieval English daunce
< Old French dancier, from a
German root
:_______________________________.
dawnsio <DAUNS-yo> [ˡdaʊnsjɔ] verb-noun
verb without an object:
1 dance = move with deliberate steps to music
Dyna ddawnsio y buon ni! How we
danced! (“there’s dancing we have been doing!”)
2 dawnsio ar ôl pob ffliwt
to dance to every fiddle, to change one’s views or standpoint constantly
("dance after every flute")
3 walk in an animated fashion, as if dancing;
Dyma dair croten yn dawnsio i mewn
i’r siop Three little girls danced into the shop
4 (cloud of insects) dance
gwybed yn dawnsio ar wyneb y llyn
gnats dancing on the surface of the lake
5 move around in anger, as if doing a sort of dance
Roedd yn dawnsio o gwmpas ac yn
gweiddi’n wyllt ar dop ei lais
He was dancing around and shouting at the top of his voice
6 dawnsio neuadd ballroom
dancing ("dancing (of) hall")
7 (heart) dance, beat quickly through excitement
8 tapddawnsio to
tapdance, to dance in tapped shoes so that when the metal taps strike the floor
an audible rapid rhythm is created
9 llawr dawnsio ("floor
(of) dancing") dance floor, place in a restaurant, discotheque, etc where
people can dance
verb with an object:
10
dance (a named dance) dawnsio rhyw fath
o bolca dance a kind of polka
11 neuadd ddawnsio dance
hall
ETYMOLOGY: (dawns = a dance) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE; variants of dawnsio are downsio, downso; dowsio
:_______________________________.
dawnsiwr <DAUNS-yur> [ˡdaʊnsjʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL dawnswyr
<DAUNS-wir> [ˡdaʊnswɪr]
1 dancer = a
person who dances
2 dancer = member of a folk dance group;
bydd dawnswyr o Ynys Manaw yn perfformio
mewn gwahanol fannau o’r Brifddinas
dancers from the Isle of Man will be performing in different parts of the
capital
4 dancer = a person who dances as a profession
5 tapddawnsiwr tapdancer
6 dawnsiwr gwerin folk
dancer
7 dawnswraig fale, plural
dawnswragedd bale ballet dancer
ETYMOLOGY: (dawnsi-, stem of dawnsio = to dance) + (-wr)
NOTE: a female dancer is dawnswraig <DAUNS-uraig> [ˡdaʊnsraɪg] , plural dawnswragedd
<dauns-uRAA-gedh> [daʊnsˡwrɑˑgɛð]
:_______________________________.
dawns werin
<dauns-WEE-rin>
[daʊns ˡweˑrɪn] feminine noun
PLURAL dawnsiau
gwerin <DAUNS-yai, -ye, GWEE-rin> [ˡdaʊnsjaɪ,
-jɛ ˡgweˑrɪn]
1 folk dance
:_______________________________.
dawo <DAU-o> [ˡdaʊɔ]
1
soft-mutated form of tawo
calla dawo best not to mention it,
the least said the better < y callaf
a dawo “(it-is) the wisest that might-keep-silent”
(y definite article) + (callaf, superlative form of call = wise) + (a relative pronoun, who, that) + soft mutation + (tawo he might keep silent, third person
singular subjunctive of tewi = to
keep silent, to become silent)
:_______________________________.
D.C. <dee EK> [deː ˡɛk]
1 abbreviation
of De Cymru (South Wales)
Mehefin 7fed {1897}, yn nhy ei ferch,
Mrs. Mary Edmunds, bu farw Mr. John A. Jones yn 68 mlwydd oed. Genedigol ydoedd
o Ddowlais, D.C.... Claddwyd ef Meh. 9fed, yn nghladdfa Middlesex, Pa. {=
Pennsylfania}
(Y Teulu 25 06 1897)
On the seventh of June 1897, at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Mary Edmunds,
Mr. John A. Jones died at the age of 68. He was born in Dowlais, South Wales...
He was buried on the ninth of June in Middlesex (Pennsylvania) cemetery
:_______________________________.
DD, dd <EDH> [ɛð] feminine noun
1 ) sixth letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh
alphabet
..1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y
:_______________________________.
dd
FINAL DD
1 loss of final dd
..a/ forms without dd which are
now standard
..1/ ceni (you sing, thou singeth)
< ceny < cenydd
..2/ Dewi (= David, Saint David)
< Dewy < Dewydd
..3/ dimai (= halfpenny) < dimei < dimeidd
..4/ Ebwy < Ebwydd,
(apparently meaning “swift, rapid”)
..5/ gweili (= without a
load, empty - referring to a horse or railway train) < gweily < gweilydd
..6/ heno (= tonight) < henodd
..7/ i fyny (= up) < i fynydd (literally ‘to mountain’; the
form with dd survives dialectically
in the south-east)
..8/ Maw (river name) < Mawdd (the river is now Mawddach, but Maw is found in the town name Abérmaw,
colloquially Y Bermo
"Barmouth")
..9/ ohono (= from him) < ohonodd
..b/ forms without final dd in
colloquial Welsh
..1/ sy < sydd (= which is, which are) (general, throughout Wales)
..2/ glana chwerthin (North-west
Wales); die laughing;
glana < g’lanadd < gelanedd < gelanedd < celanedd (= corpses)
..3/ gwrthglaw < gwrthglawdd (North-west Wales); (=
dike, embankment to protect a field from floods)
..4/ ffor < pa ffordd = how
..5/ cer < cerdd (South Wales) = go!
..6/ Gwyl Gewe (South Wales) < Gwyl Gewydd 15 July, feastday of Cewydd
..c/ The loss of final dd is a very
common feature in the county of Penfro and the neighboring southern tip of the
county of Ceredigion
..1/ ano < anodd (= hard, difficult)
..2/ Ceinewy < Ceinewydd (village name, Newquay)
..3/ ers llawer dy < ers llawer dydd (= since many a day)
..4/ gorwe < gorwedd (= to lie)
..5/ haw < hawdd (= easy)
..6/ i gily < ei gilydd (= together)
..7/ newy < newydd (= new)
..8/ wmla < ymladd (= to fight)
..d/ In the North-west, final rdd
> r in certain words
..1/ angar < angardd < angerdd (=
passion)
..2/ bwr < bwrdd (= table) (district of Arfon)
..3/ gar < gardd (= garden) (district of Arfon)
..4/ cwpwr < cwpwrdd (= cupboard)
-----
MEDIAL DD
1 loss of medial dd
BETWEEN VOWELS
..1/ Cilpeddeg
> (Cilpe’eg)
> *Cilpég
(= place name, Herefordshire, “Kilpéck”)
..2/ *myddwn > mywn > modern Welsh mewn (= in), South Wales as miwn
..3/ rhoddi (literary Welsh) (= to
give) > rhoi (spoken Welsh)
..4/ Troddi > Troi (river name in Mynwy county)
..5/ tyddyn (= farm, smallholding)
> tyn (in place names)
-----
AFTER A CONSONANT AND
BEFORE A VOWEL
..1/ cerdded (= to walk) >
(Southern Welsh) cered
..2/ cerddlan (= rising ground) >
Y Gerlan place by Bethesda, Gwynedd
..3/ corlan (sheepfold) which
historically was *corddlan
(cordd = an obsolete word for
‘flock’, + soft mutation + llan =
enclosure)
..4/ ynddo (= in him, in it) >
(colloquial) yno
-----
AFTER A VOWEL AND BEFORE
A CONSONANT
..1/ cystaddl > modern Welsh cystal (= as good, as well)
..2/ Grawys: Latin quadragêsima > *caddrawys > *ca’rawys
> crawys > Grawys (= Lent)
..3/ gwyddfid > (district of
Arfon) gwyfid (= honeysuckle)
-----
BETWEEN CONSONANTS
..1/ gwrthddrych > modern Welsh gwrthrych (= object)
-----
MEDIAL DD > D
Some words with d in standard Welsh originally had dd
bodlon (= satisfied) < boddlon < boddlawn
South Wales still has boddlon (bo’lon)
-----
MEDIAL DD IN ANGLICISED
SPELLINGS AS TH
The English
th in this case is not as in “think”, but as in “this, that and the other”
Nant
Rhirid / Nantrhirid (= valley of Rhirid) in Bro Morgannwg became Llantriddid (on
English-language maps as Llantrithyd)
ap Rhydderch
(= son of
Rhydderch) > Prydderch (pstronymic, surname), in English as Protheroe
:_______________________________.
FINAL DD IN ANGLICISATIONS OF WELSH NAMES
Final dd <dh> [ð] > th
<th> [θ] in Anglicised forms
Gruffudd
> English “Griffith”
Lecwydd (Caer-dydd) > “Leckwith”
Llandegfedd ST3395 (county of Mynwy / Monmouth) > “Llandegveth”
Llangennydd SS4291 (county of Abertawe / Swansea) > “Llangennith”
Llebenydd “neighbourhood” or
“kúmmud” - (cwmwd) in the cantref of
Is Coed, country of Gwent (South-east Wales), anglicised as “Libeneth”
Maredudd > “Meredith”
Ynɥsgynwraidd SO4520 – the English name of
this place in the county of Mynwɥ is Skenfrith, which probably
represents a local Welsh form *Sgenffridd ‹sken-fridh›
(Welsh was finally eliminated from this area over a century ago) from
*Sgynfridd ‹skən-vridh›.
:_______________________________.
+dd < f
Some Points
of Similarity in the Phonology of Welsh and Breton,
T.H. Parry-Williams, 1913
In W[elsh], however, the interchange of f and dd is
quite common, especially in the dial[ect]s…
He gives the following examples of f > dd
afanc (= a beaver) > addanc
camfa (a stile ) > camdda
cymanfa (a congregation, convention) > cymandda
Eifionydd (a district in Carnarvonshire) > Eiddionydd
gwefus (lip) > gweddus
gwyrf (= virgin) > gwerydd
pendefig (prince, chief) > pendeddig
plwyf (parish) > plwydd
f < dd
And for the reverse
change dd > f he observes:
In the W[elsh] spoken language and the various
dial[ects], the following occur :
byddigions (boneddigion, with the plur[al] s- ending of English),
(= gentry) > byfigions
eiddil (delicate, tender ) > eifil
nwyddau (goods) > nwyfau
Cf. y
fannodd for y ddannodd (toothache).
……………………………
:_______________________________.
d-d-
1 The combination d-d,
where the second d is a soft
mutation of t, generally becomes t
Botegwel (= fair view house) < Bod Degwel
(bod = house) + soft mutation + (tegwel fair appearance, fair view).
llety = (inn, shelter) < lled-dy
lled (= half) + ty (= house)
:_______________________________.
ddaeth <DHAITH> [ðaɪθ]
1 colloquial
for ni ddaeth he / she / it didn’t
come
Ddaeth fawr neb hardly anybody came
NOTE: in the soiuth ddaeth > ddaath
:_______________________________.
dda gan... mo... <DHAA GAN MOO> [ˡðɑˑ gan ˡmoː]
1 dda gen i mohoni = I don’t like
Dda gen i mo’i olwg e = I don’t like the look of him
Dda gen i mo'r hen soffa ’na = I don’t like that old sofa
Dda ganddo mo’i rwystro = He doesn’t like being obstacles being put in
his way
ETYMOLOGY: (literary) ni dda gan (+ direct
object);
(ni negative particle) + soft mutation + (da = good) + (gan
= with);
colloquial dda gan mo... ; loss of the particle ni ; before the
direct object mo , < ddim o (= nothing of)
:_______________________________.
ddanedd <DHA-nedh> [ˡðanɛð] plural
1
soft-mutated form of dannedd (=
teeth) < dant (= tooth)
gefel ddannedd (Dentistry) forceps
(“pincers (of) teeth”) (gefel =
tongs) + soft mutation + (dannedd
teeth, plural of dant = tooth)
:_______________________________.
ddaw <DHAU> [ðaʊ] verb
soft mutation of daw (= he / she
/ it) will come)
1 ni ddaw he / she won’t come
Ddaw e byth i sgidiau ei dad He’ll
never be anything like his father, He’ll never be of the same stature as his
father (“he’ll never come into his father’s shoes”)
Ddaw e ddim i ddiwedd da (said of someone whose behaviour is bad) he’ll
come to a bad end (“he won’t come to a good end”)
2 a ddaw will come
ryw ddydd a ddaw one day (in the future) (“some day that
will-come”)
See: daw
:_______________________________.
Ddawan <DHAU-an> [ˡðaʊan] feminine noun
1 Afon Ddawan river in south-east Wales. English name: Thaw
ETYMOLOGY: ??
NOTE: The former name was Afon Naddawan;
as in many Welsh words, the pretonic syllable has been dropped > Afon ’ddawan
:_______________________________.
ddiawl <DHYAUL> [ˡðjaʊl]
1 soft
mutation of diawl = devil
2
(after masculine or feminine singular noun, or plural noun) damned, bloody,
goddam
yr ast ddiawl the goddam bitch
Siot i frecwast, siot i ginio, siot i
de, a siot ddiawl i swper! crumbled oatbread in buttermilk for breakfast,
crumbled oatbread in buttermilk for dinner, crumbled oatbread in buttermilk for
tea, and damned crumbled oatbread in buttermilk for supper!
:_______________________________.
ddim am wn i
<DHIM am un II>
[ˡðɪm am ʊn ˡiː]
1 not as far
as I know
Odi e wedi cael fflat newydd? Ddim am wn
i Has he got a new flat? Not as far as I know
ETYMOLOGY: “no, for the-thing-that I know”) ddim am wn i < ddim am a
wn i
(ddim = not) + (am = around, for) + (a =
the-thing-that) + soft mutation + (gwn i
= I know, < gwybod = to know)
:_______________________________.
ddim cwarter
call <dhim KWAR-ter KALH> [ðɪm ˡkwartɛr
ˡkaɬ]
South Wales
1 (said of sb very stupid) ‘not (even) a quarter wise’
dyw hwnna ddim cwarter call He (that
one there) is an imbecile
ETYMOLOGY: (ddim = not) + (cwarter, southern form of chwarter = quarter) + (call = wise)
:_______________________________.
ddim gwerth
taten bob <DHIM
GWERTH TA-ten BOOB> [ˡðɪm ˡgwɛrθ ˡtatɛn
ˡboːb]
1 worthless,
useless, not worth a bean (“not (the) worth (of) (a) a baked potato”)
ETYMOLOGY: (ddim = not) + (gwerth = value, worth) + (taten = potato) + soft mutation + (pob= wise)
:_______________________________.
ddim hanner
da <DHIM HA-ner DAA> [ˡðɪm ˡhanɛr
ˡdɑː]
1 (health)
not too well
Dydi o ddim hanner da - He’s not too
well ("he is not half good")
:_______________________________.
ddim hyd y gwn i
<DHIM hiid ə gun II> [ ˡðɪm hiːd
ə gʊn ˡiː]
1 not as far
as I'm aware, not as far as I know
ETYMOLOGY: “no, as-far-as that I know”) (hyd
= as far as, length) + (y =
preverbal particle) + (gwn i = I
know, < gwybod = to know)
:_______________________________.
ddim ond newydd
<DHIM ond NEU-idh> [ˡðɪm ɔnd
ˡnɛʊɪð]
1 only just
Paid â’i dihuno hi nawr... Doedd hi ddim
ond newydd gael moddion cyn iti gyrraedd
Don’t wake her now – she had her medicine just before you arrived
ETYMOLOGY: (ddim = not) + (ond = but) + (newydd = new)
:_______________________________.
ddim yn gwybod
brawddeg o Saesneg <DHIM ən GUI-bod
BRAU-dheg o SEIS-neg> [ˡðɪm ən ˡgʊɪbɔd
ˡbraʊðɛg ɔ ˡsəɪsnɛg]
1 ni wyddai tad-cu fy mam
frawddeg o Saesneg my mother’s grandfather couldn’t put a sentence together in English /
couldn’t speak a word of English (“didn’t know a sentence of English”)
:_______________________________.
ddim yn llawn
llathen <DHIM ən LHAUN
LHAA-then> [ˡðɪm ən ˡɬaʊn
ˡɬɑˑθɛn]
1 (cloth) not
a full yard in length
2 not quite right in the head
Ma pawb yn gwbod nad yw e’n llawn
llathen
Everybody knows he’s not all there
ETYMOLOGY: “not full (of a) yard”, i.e. not a full yard (= 36 inches) (i.e.
insufficient – an expression from the process of cloth manufacture)
(ddim = not) + (llawn = full) + (llathen
= yard)
:_______________________________.
Y Ddiserth <ə
DHI-serth> [ə ˡðɪsɛrθ]
1 former name of Llansanffráid Glan Conwy (SH8076) locality in the
county of Conwy 6km to the south-west of Baecolwyn
:_______________________________.
ddoe <DHOI> [ðɔɪ] (adverb)
1 yesterday
:_______________________________.
ddoeth <DHOITH> [ðɔɪθ] adjective
1
soft-mutated form of doeth (= wise)
Siarl Ddoeth Charles the Wise
:_______________________________.
ddofn <DHOVN, DHOO-von> [ðɔvn, ˡðoˑvɔn,] adjective
1 a feminine
form with soft mutation;
dwfn = deep (masculine form) > dofn (feminine form) > ddofn (soft mutation of initial ‘d’)
In place names, it occurs after a feminine noun
(1) Gilfach-ddofn (“(the) deep
nook”) name of a farm in Llangolman SN1126 (county of Penfro)
(2) Wern-ddofn (“(the) deep
alder-marsh”) name of a farm 4km north-east of Crymych (county of Penfro)
:_______________________________.
Y Ddôl <ə-DHOOL> [ə ˡðoːl]
1 place name –
‘the river meadow’
(1) In Dynfant (county of Abertawe) there is a farm called Y Ddôl (“Ddol Farm” on English maps), reached along a road called Heol y Ddôl (“Ddol Road” on English
maps)
(2) There is also a Heol y Ddôl in Caerffili
(3) Streets in Y
Trallwng
..1/ Tan-y-ddôl = below the
(river-)meadow
..2/ Pen-y-ddôl = (the) top (of) the
(river-)meadow
See dôl
:_______________________________.
Ddôlhyfryd
<dhool HƏV-rid> [ˡðoːl ˡhəvrɪd]
1 street name,
Bangor (Gwynedd) (“Ddôl Hyfryd”)
ETYMOLOGY: “the pleasant meadow “ y ddôl hyfryd (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (dôl = meadow) + (hyfryd =
pleasant)
:_______________________________.
y ddraig goch <ə
dhraig GOOKH> [ə ðraɪg ˡgoːx] (feminine noun)
1 the red dragon; name of the Welsh flag
:_______________________________.
Y ddraig goch a
ddyry cychwyn <ə dhraig GOOKH a DHƏ-ri
KƏKH-win> [ə ðraɪg ˡgoːx a ðərɪ
ˡkəxwɪn]
1 An
alliterative line in a poem by Deio ab Ieuan Du (fl. 1450-1480), Llangynfelyn,
Ceredigion thanking Siôn ap Rhys for the gift of a bull.
The alliteration is dd - r - c - ch / dd - r - c - ch - (n).
Y dd-raig goch a ddyry cychwyn (g-g and c are considered to be equivalent in alliterative verse)
In 1953, it was added as a motto below the dragon on the royal badge of
Wales - a symbol showing the authority of the English King or Queen over the
Welsh nation.
It is literally ‘the red dragon gives a leap’ and it is taken as meaning ‘the
red dragon of Wales leaps ahead / the red dragon gives impetus (to the people
of Wales) / the red dragon inspires the Welsh people onward’.
The following line in the poem is however Ar
ucha’r llall ar ochr llwyn
(alliteration: r – ch – r – ll- (ll) / r – ch – r – ll- (n)),
and given the nature of the poem, y
ddraig goch a ddyry cychwyn seems to be a reference to a red bull (but here
described as the ‘dragon’) servicing a cow – ‘the red dragon gives a leap / on
top of the other (= the other dragon, i.e. the cow) at the edge of a wood’ –
i.e. the red bull mounts the cow at the wood’s edge
Syntactically one would expect in modern Welsh a soft mutation of the initial
consonant of an object noun after a conjugated verb – a ddyry gychwyn – but it seems that at the time the poem was
written such a mutation was not altogether necessary.
ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) +
soft mutation + (draig = dragon) +
soft mutation + (coch = red) + (a = which) + soft mutation + (dyry = gives / will give) + (cychwyn = a leap, a beginning)
:_______________________________.
ddu <DHII> [ðiː] adjective
1 Soft mutated
form (d > dd) of du = black
Y Bont Ddu the black bridge
(Yr) Ynys-ddu black meadow (name of
a village in the county of Caerffili);
(in these names there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective
which follows a feminine noun)
See also the following entry Ddu
(epithet)
:_______________________________.
Ddu <DHII> [ðiː] adjective
1 epithet =
black-haired
Morgan Ddu black-haired Morgan
1 surname from the epithet; Anglicised form <DII> [diː] - Dee
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ddu, soft mutation
of du (black, black-haired).
Formerly (and in certain cases in modern Welsh too) adjectives with this
function had soft mutation of the initial consonant after a masculine noun as
well as after a feminine noun
:_______________________________.
Y Dduallt <ə
DHII-alht> [ə ˡðiˑaɬt] feminine noun
1 SH8890 mountain in the
district of Maldwyn (county of Powys)
2
SH8027 mountain in the district of
Meirionnydd (county of Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: "the black hill" (y
= definite article) + soft mutation + (duallt
= black hill)
:_______________________________.
ddug <DIIG> [ðiːg] verb
1 soft-mutated
form (d > dd) of dug = (she / he
/ it) took.
Brenhinoedd-2 23:6
Efe a ddug allan hefyd y llwyn o dŷ
yr Arglwydd, i’r tu allan i Jerwsalem, hyd afon Cidron, ac a’i llosgodd ef wrth
afon Cidron, ac a’i malodd yn llwch, ac a daflodd ei lwch ar feddau meibion y
bobl
Kings-2 23:6
And he brought out the grove from the house of the Lord, without Jerusalem,
unto the brook Cidron, and burned it at the brook Cidron, and stamped it small
to powder, and cast the powder thereof upon the graves of the children of the
people
:_______________________________.
ddwg <DHUUG> [ðuːg]
1 a ddwg which brings, which
will bring (third person singular present-future of the verb dwyn = to bring)
Bonedd a ddwg gyfrifoldeb Noblesse
oblige (= to be born into the nobility implies the need for high moral
principles and just behaviour; nobility has an obligation towards non-nobility)
(“(it-is) nobility which brings responsibility”)
:_______________________________.
y Ddwyryd
<ə DHUI-rid> [ə ˡðʊɪrɪd] (feminine noun)
1 the two fords; village name, NE Wales
:_______________________________.
ddwywaith
<DHUI-waith, -eth> [ˡðʊɪwaɪθ,
-ɛθ] adverb
1 twice
Mae e ddwywaith ei hoed hi He’s
twice her age
ETYMOLOGY: dwywaith = twice; there
is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases. hence d > dd
:_______________________________.
Ddwywaith
<DHUI-waith, -eth> [ˡðʊɪwaɪθ,
-ɛθ] adjective
1 ‘twice over’
- epithet (given to someone with a first name which is the same as the surname,
or as the father’s name used as a patronymic). For example, Shincyn Shincyn (= Shincyn son of
Shincyn) (in English, Jenkin Jenkin,
or Jenkin Jenkins) becomes Shincyn
Ddwywaith
Yn y pentre preswyliai gŵr o’r enw
Harri Harri - Harri Ddwywaith y gelwid ef gan yr holl ardal
In the village there lived a man called Harri Harri (= Harri the son of Harri) - he was called Harri Ddwywaith (= twice
over) by everybody in the area
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ddwywaith, soft
mutation of dwywaith (= twice).
Adjectives functioning as epithets usually have soft mutation of the initial
consonant after a masculine noun as well as after a feminine noun
:_______________________________.
ddydd a nos <DHIIDH a NOOS> [ˡðiːð a ˡnoːs] adverb
1 day and night
bod wrthi ddydd a nos (yn gwneud rhywbeth)
be busy (doing something) night and day
Roedd y babi deufis oed yn sgrechen ddydd a nos
The two-month old baby was wailing day and night
cysgu ddydd a nos
sleep round the clock, sleep day and night
ETYMOLOGY: (dydd = day) + (a = and)
+ (nos = night). There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in
adverbial phrases. hence dydd > ddydd
:_______________________________.
ddydd ar ôl dydd <DHIIDH ar ool DIIDH> [ˡðiːð ar oːl ˡdiːð] adverb
1 day after day
ETYMOLOGY: (dydd = day) + (ar ôl = after) + (dydd = day) There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in
adverbial phrases. hence dydd > ddydd
:_______________________________.
ddyddiau bwygilydd <DHƏDH-yai, -ye, bui-GII-lidh>
[ˡðəðjai, -jɛ, bʊɪˡgiˑlɪð]
adv
1 day after day
ETYMOLOGY: (dyddiau = days) + (bwygilydd = (adverb)
one after the other). There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in
adverbial phrases. hence dydd > ddydd
:_______________________________.
dylet ti ddim ‹də-let-ti DHIM› (v)
1 you should not, you shouldn’t
Ddylet ti ddim fod wedi siarad â hi You shouldn’t have spoken to her
NOTE: sometimes written informally as ddyle ti ddim, which in fact
better represents the pronunciation (there is only a single t, not a geminated
t)
ETYMOLOGY: (ni = negative particle) + soft mutation + (dylet =
you ought)
> ni ddylet
The colloquial form shows typical colloquial features such as
..a/ the addition of the personal pronoun ni ddylet ti
..b/ the addition of a second negative particle ni ddylet ti ddim
..c/ the loss of ni, the initial negative marker ddylet ti ddim
:_______________________________.
ddyry <DHƏ-ri> [ˡðərɪ] verb
1 soft-mutated form (d
> dd) of dyry (= he / she / it gives, will give)
:_______________________________.
de <DEE> [deː] adjective
1 right
y llaw dde the right hand
yr ochr dde thr right-hand side
2
yr adain dde (politics) the right, the right wing
ETYMOLOGY: see the following
:_______________________________.
de <DEE> [deː] feminine noun
1 right
y dde = the right-hand side, the
right
2
right = the direction to one’s right
i’r dde to the right (in the
direction of the right)
ar y dde (phrase adverb) on the
right
ar y dde i (phrase preposition) to
the right of
o’r dde i’r chwith from left to right
o dde i aswy ac o aswy i dde from
right to left and from left to right
Dringodd y rhiw ar gefn ei feic
igam-ogam, o dde i aswy ac o aswy i dde
He zigzagged up the hill on his bike, from from right to left and from left to
right
3
(politics) y dde = the right,the
right wing
y dde eithafol = the extreme right
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh de < dé-e < de-au < dé-eu < dé-heu
< British *deks-owj-os
Deau is still used formally (yn y Deau = in the South), and deheu-
survives as the penult form (deheubarth = the southern part of the
country, parth = part, district)
From the same British root: Breton dehou
(= right), Cornish dyghow (=
right)
Irish has deas (= south) < *deks-
Compare Latin dexter (= right)
:_______________________________.
de <DEE> [deː] masculine noun
1 south
(abbreviation: D) = cardinal point
2
south = direction in which this point is situated
de-ddwyrain south-east
de-orllewin south-west
yn y de in the south
3
trwy Dde a Gogledd throughout North
and South Wales (“South and North Wales”), in bothethe North and the South
Bu William Davies yn teithio llawer trwy
Dde a Gogledd William Davies travelled a great deal in both North and South
Wales
ETYMOLOGY: The same as de (= right-hand side)
(because when facing the rising sun, the right-hand side is the south side);
NOTE: de (= right-hand side) is a feminine noun, and de (= south)
is a masculine noun
:_______________________________.
deall (colloquially: "dyall") <DEE-alh,-DII-alh> [ˡdeˑaɬ,ˡdiˑaɬ] (verb)
1 understand
Wyt ti’n deall? Do you understand?
Dw i ddim yn deall I don’t understand
2 diddeall dim-witted, slow on the uptake (di-, negative prefix)
(delwedd 7367)
:_______________________________.
deallus <de-A-lhis> [dɛˡaɬɪs] (adjective)
1 intelligent
:_______________________________.
deau <DEE-ai, -e> [ˡdeˑaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 south
:_______________________________.
decach <DE-kakh> [ˡdɛkax] adjective
1 decach is the soft-mutated
form of tecach fairer (= more
beautiful, more just)
< teg beautiful, just
Sicrhau Cymru decach a mwy llewyrchus
yw’r nod
The aim is to ensure a fairer and more flourishing Wales
:_______________________________.
dechau <DEE-khai, -khe> [ˡdeˑxaɪ, -ɛ] adjective
South Wales
1 skilful, skilled, dexterous
ddim yn rhyw law dechau â
not very good at (“not very-much a skilled hand with”)
2
neat, nice; = showing skilled workmanship
Fe wnaeth e jobyn bach deche am bris
rhesymol
He did a neat little job for a reasonable price
3
suitable, appropriate, proper;
yn ddechau properly,
wilia’n ddecha South-east Wales speak properly
4
smart, not scruffy
edrych yn ddecha South-east Wales look smart
5
tidy, not disarranged
’Rodd pethe’n weddol ddeche yn y gegin
Things were fairly tidy in the kitchen
6
sizable, tidy
cael siâr go ddeche o
get a tidy share of, get a good amount of
7
good, suitable, presentable, decent
Mae’n unig bâr deche o deits wedi rhwygo
My only decent pair of tights have torn
8
county of Ceredigion diach = deheuach (comparative form)
9
bod yn ddechau ar be a problem for
("be correct on")
Jobyn da fod y rytyrn gyta ni, ne fusa’n
ddecha arnon ni
It’s a good job we’ve got a return ticket or we’d be in a right fix
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh deche < dehe < deheu = (1) correct; (2) south;
dechau (with final ‘au’) is a
standardisation of the spoken form deche
NOTE: South-west Wales deche, South-east Wales decha
:_______________________________.
dech chi <DE-khi> [ˡdɛxɪ] (verb)
1 you are (North-east)
:_______________________________.
dechrau <DEKH-re> [ˡdɛxraɪ, -ɛ] (verb)
1 to begin
2 dechrau byw marry and settle
down (“begin living”)
:_______________________________.
dechrau <DEKH-re> [ˡdɛxraɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 beginning, start
:_______________________________.
dechreuad,
dechreuadau <dekh-REI-ad, dekh-rei-AA-dai,
-de> [dɛxˡrəɪad, dɛxrəɪˡɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 beginning, start
:_______________________________.
decllath <DEK-lhath> [ˡdɛkɬaθ] (f)
1 ten yards
2 ddecllath (adv) ten yards, for the distance of ten yards
Cydgerddasant ddecllath They walked
together for ten yards
:_______________________________.
deddf, deddfau
<DEDHV, DEDH-vai, -ve> [ˡdɛðv, ˡdɛðvaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 law
y ddeddf = the law
2
Mae ei air yn ddeddf His word is
law, His word is Holy Writ
3
deddf
treched treisaf the law of the jungle
deddf
arbed trafferth the law of least effort (“(the) law (of) saving
trouble”)
4
Deddf Adenillion Lleihaol Law of
Diminishing Returns
5
y Ddeddf Derfysg the Riot Act
darllen y Ddeddf Derfysg read the
Riot Act (for an explanation, see under the headword darllen)
:_______________________________.
dedfryd, dedfrydau
<DED-vrid, ded-VRƏ-dai, -de> [ˡdɛdvrɪd,
dɛdˡvrədaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 sentence (judge’s decision)
y ddedfryd = the sentence
2
bod dan ddedfryd marwolaeth be under
sentence of death
:_______________________________.
dedfrydu <ded-VRƏ-di> [dɛdˡvrədɪ] (verb)
1 to sentence
:_______________________________.
defaid (“defed,
defid”) <DE-vaid, DE-ved, DE-vid> [ˡdɛvaɪd,
ˡdɛvɛd, ˡdɛvɪd] (plural noun)
1 sheep (plural of dafad)
:_______________________________.
dedwydd <DED-widh> [ˡdɛdwɪð] (adj)
1 happy
Byddai’n ddedwydd am y câi ddigon o
arian
He’d be happy if he could get enough money
Buont yn byw yn ddedwydd oddi ar hynny
They lived happily ever after
2
happy, enjoyable = of a period of time characterised by feelings of
contentment, enjoyment
dyddiau dedwydd happy days
Dyddiau dedwydd oedd y rheini
Those were happy days, Those were the days, Those were good times
3 in house names
..a/ Bryndedwydd house name in Dolgellau (county of Gwynedd) (in the
list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion”
1961 / Part 1)
(“happy hill”) (bryn = hill) + (dedwydd = happy)
..b/ Llwyndedwydd farm near Tŷ-nant, Conwy
..c/ Tŷ Dedwydd / Tŷdedwydd
house name
4 street names
In Dynfant, there is a street Broddedwydd
(“Bro Dedwydd” – an incorrect form,
since there is soft mutation of the initial consonant of an adjective after a
feminine noun, here d > dd) (“happy district”, place of happiness)
NOTE: Page 46 / A Welsh Grammar - Historical and Comparative / John Morris-Jones
(1864-1929) /1913: The following words
may be mentioned as those most commonly mispronounced: wy is the falling
diphthong in cer
n ‘vat’, disgl, ‘look, expect’, Gnedd ‘Venedotia’, Gndid, id., mor
n ‘maiden’, tern ‘ fervent’; it is
the rising diphthong in oher
dd ‘because of’, cychn, ‘rise, start’,
erchn ‘protector,
(bed)-side’, deddd ‘happy’
:_______________________________.
defeitgi <de-VEIT-gi> [dɛˡvəɪtgɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL defeitgwn
<de-VEIT-gun> [dɛˡvəɪtgʊn]
1 sheepdog
(literary word; normally ci defaid)
Er hyny’r defeidgwn {sic} yn reddfol wrth anian,
A gyrchant y praidd o’r pellderoedd i’r gorlan
(Mynydau Hamddenol: Ail Lyfr Nathan Wyn. 1905. Tudalen 161)
In spite of that the sheepdogs instinctively by nature
Drive the flock from distant parts to the fold
ETYMOLOGY: (defeid-, penult form of defaid = sheep) + soft mutation + (ci = dog) > defeid-gi > defeitgi
:_______________________________.
defeity <de-VEI-ti> [dɛˡvəɪtɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL defeitai
<de-VEI-tai> [dɛˡvəɪtaɪ]
1 obsolete sheepfold, sheep
shelter, sheepcot, sheep house.
In place names, also as a clipped form feity
<VEI-ti> [ˡvəɪtɪ]
There is a Moel Feity ("hill of
the sheepcot") (map reference SN8525) by Llyn y Fan Fawr ("lake by
the Fan Fawr, the great peak") on Mynydd Du ("black hills / black
mountain") in the south-western part of Powys, on the border with the
county of Caerfyrddin
(But nearby farms marked as Meity Fawr (“Meity-fawr”) and Meity Isaf
(“Meity-isaf”) )
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN8525
ETYMOLOGY: (defeid, penult form of defaid = sheep, plural form of dafad = sheep) + soft mutation + (ty = house); defeid-dy > defeity
(d+d) = (t)
NOTE: See also dafaty = sheepcot (dafad = sheep) + (ty = house)
:_______________________________.
deffro <DE-fro> [ˡdɛfrɔ] (verb)
1 to wake up
:_______________________________.
Deffrobani
<de-fro-BAA-ni>
[dɛfrɔˡbɑˑnɪ] femenine noun
1 a mythical
island from where, according to Iolo Morganwg (1747-1826) the Welsh leader Hu
Gadarn brought his people to the
island of Britain.
A metathasised form of a name in Llyfr Taliesin (The Book of Taliesin, early
1300s) ‘deproffani ynys’, taken from the
Latin from ‘Taprobanes insula’ mentioned
by Isadore of Seville, and referring to Ceylon, said at that time to be the
first home of the human race
There seems to be identification, whether consciously or unconsciously, with
the Welsh word deffro (= to wake up;
awakening),
Cartre’r haf yw Deffrobani,
O na ddeuit, Men,
Gyda mi i chwilio am dani
Yn fy rhwyflong wen:
Hwnt i fôr y mae yr ynys,
Hwnt i awer tir;
Ond gwnai serch y siwrnai’n felys,
Er yn siwrnai hir.
Deffrobani is the home of the sun / If only you would come, Men, With me to
search for it, / in my white rowboat; / the
island is beyond the sea,/ beyond many a land; / but love would make the
journey sweet, / though (it would
be) a long journey.
(‘Cartre’r haf yw Deffrobani’, from the collection ‘Telynegion Maes a Mor’ by Eifion
Wyn, Year 1908)
:_______________________________.
defnydd, defnyddiau
<DEV-nidh, dev-NƏDH-yai, -ye> [ˡdɛvnɪð,
dɛvˡnəðjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1 material
2 Nid ydym i gyd o'r un defnydd
We're all born different (“we are not all of the same material”)
3 heb
ddefnydd arno disused (“without use on it”)
lorri heb ddefnydd arni disused
lorry
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
< Celtic
Irish has damhna (= material; substance)
:_______________________________.
defnyddio <dev-NƏDH-yo> [dɛvˡnəðjɔ] (verb)
1 to use
ETYMOLOGY: (defnydd = material; use) +
(-i-o verbal suffix)
:_______________________________.
deg <DEEG> [deːg] (masculine noun)
1 ten
:_______________________________.
deg <DEEG> [deːg] adjective
1 Soft
mutated form (t > d) of teg (= fair, pretty)
Derwen-deg ‘fair oak’, street name
in Pontardawe (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
Fron-deg < y fron deg ‘(the) fair
hill’
Gelli-deg < y gelli deg ‘(the)
fair wood’ SO0207 locality in Merthyrtudful
Gwalia Deg Fair Wales; name of a
Welsh settelement in Nebraska (the name is no longer in use)
:_______________________________.
Degannwy <de-GA-nui> [dɛˡganʊɪ] adjective
1 SH7879
Village in the county of Conwy. The English use a Welsh misspelling for the
name of the village: Deganwy, with a single ‘n’. It was the chief court of the
medieval kántrev of Rhos, one of the four kantrevs making up the territory
(gwlad) of Y Berfeddwlad (“middle territory”), so called because it lay between
the territories of Gwynedd and Powys.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=341516
Degannwy
(delwedd 7539)
:_______________________________.
degfed <DEG-ved> [ˡdɛgvɛd] (adjective)
1 tenth
yn y ddegfed ganrif in the tenth
century
y degfed dydd ar hugain the
thirtieth day
am y degfed tro for the tenth time
:_______________________________.
deg swllt <deeg SULHT> [deːg
ˡsʊɬt] (masculine noun)
1 (pre-1971) ten shillings
:_______________________________.
degwm <DEE-gum> [ˡdeˑgʊm]
PLURAL degymau
<de-GƏ-mai,
-me> [dɛˡgəmaɪ, -ɛ]
1 tithe = tenth part
2 tithe = the tenth part of crops harvested or of livestock
possessed to be given annually to the state church; (Scotland: teind);
3 tithe = commuted tithe; a rent-charge substituing this
pennu degwm tithe apportionment, process of fixing the sum to be paid as
an annual tithe
map degwm = tithe map, map indicating ownership of land as a basis for
calculating
4 tref ddegwm tithing, rural division, originally one tenth
of a hundred (one hundred farmsteads)
ysgubor ddegwm, ysguboriau degwm tithe barn, barn for
storing tithes (a tenth of the produce of a farm which the church claimed,
associated with a parish church, and to which the farmers themselves had to
take their donation)
map degwm tithe map
map y degwm the tithe map
Lluniwyd map degwm ym 1839 er mwyn dangos gwerth y tir ym Mhlwyf Eglwysilan
A tithe map was made in 1830 to show the value of land in Eglwysilan Parish
Gwelir y cae bach hwn llain hwn ar Fap Degwm 1841. This small field
is to be seen on the tithe Map of 1841
Comisiynwyr y Degwm Tithe
Commissioners
yn ôl Arolwg Degwm 1843
according to the Tithe Survey of 1843
Arolwg y Degwm the Tithe Survey
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *dekum-
< Latin decuma (pars) (= tenth part)
cf Old English têtha (= tenth, tenth part) > tithe
:_______________________________.
degymol <de-GƏ-mol> [dɛˡgəmɔl]
1 tithable, subject to a tithe
perchennog tiroedd degymol an owner of tithable lands
ETYMOLOGY: (degym- penult syllable
form of degwm = tithe) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
degymu <de-GƏ-mi> [dɛˡgəmɪ] verb
1 levy a tithe
on
Samuel-1 8:15 Eich hadau hefyd a'ch
gwinllannoedd a ddegyma efe, ac a’u dyry i’w ystafellyddion ac i’w weision
Samuel-1 8:15 And he will take the tenth of your seed, and of your vineyards,
and give to his officers, and to his servants
2 pay a tithe
3 degymu'r mintys a'r anis
a'r cwmin
”to tithe the mint and the anise and the cummin”, be meticulous about minor
matters while neglecting much more important duties; from the following verse
in the New Testament:
Mathew 23:23 Gwae chi, ysgrifenyddion a
Phariseaid, ragrithwyr! Canys yr ydych yn degymu'r mintys, a'r anis, a'r cwmin,
ac a adawsoch heibio y pethau trymach o'r gyfraith, barn, a thrugaredd, a
ffydd: rhaid oedd gwneuthur y pethau hyn, ac na adewid y lleill heibio
Matthew 23:23 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye pay tithe
of mint and anise and cummin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the
law, judgement, mercy and faith; these ought ye to have done, and not to leave
the other undone
4 decimate (= kill one out of every ten men)
5 decimate (= kill many)
6 decimate (= destroy, eliminate)
7 degwm cil-dwrn (“tithe (of)
half-closed hand / (the) hollow (of the) fist”) tip, gratuity
ETYMOLOGY: (degym- penult syllable
form of degwm = tithe) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
deheubarth
<de-HEI-barth> [dɛˡhəɪbarθ] (masculine noun)
1 southern part; South Wales
Deheubarth Cymru (nowadays more
usually De Cymru) South Wales
yn y Deheubarth (nowadays more
usually yn y De) in the South, in
South Wales
:_______________________________.
deheuol <de-HEI-ol> [dɛˡhəɪɔl] adjective
1 southern =
situated in the south
ar arfordir deheuol Lloegr on the south coast of England
waliau gorllewinol a deheuol y Castell the western and
southern walls of the Castle
2
deheuol eich tafodiaith speaking
southern Welsh, with South Wales Welsh
gwraig ddeheuol ei thafodiaith a
woman who speaks / who spoke southern Welsh
ETYMOLOGY: (deheu-, penult form of dehau = south) + (-ol suffix to form adjectives)
:_______________________________.
dehongli <de-HONG-li> [dɛˡhɔŋlɪ] (verb)
1 interpret
2 camddehongli misinterpret
:_______________________________.
dehongliad,
dehongliadau <de-HONGL-yad, de-hongl-YAA-dai, -e> [dɛˡhɔŋljad,
dɛhɔŋlˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 interpretation
2 camddehongliad misinterpretation
:_______________________________.
Dei <DEI> [dəɪ] (masculine noun)
1 (North Wales) diminutive of Dafydd
:_______________________________.
deialu <dei-AA-li> [dəɪˡɑˑlɪ] (verb)
1 dial = call with a phone dial
sain ddeialu, seiniau deialu
dialling tone, sound showing a line is clear
tôn ddeialu, tonau deialu dialling tone
cod deialu dialling code
deialu’r rhif to dial the number
:_______________________________.
Deian <DEI-an> [ˡdəɪan] (masculine noun)
1 (North Wales) diminutive of Dafydd
:_______________________________.
Deicws <DEI-kus> [ˡdəɪkʊs] masculine noun
1 (obsolete)
pet form of Dafydd
Example from the year 1517: “Gruff’ ap Mered’ ap Ieuan ap Dicus, Dynworwik”
> Gruffudd ap Maredudd ap Ieuan ap
Deicws, Dinorwig
ETYMOLOGY: (Dei penult syllable form
of Dai) + (-cws suffix)
Dai is probably (Da- first syllable of Dafydd) + (-i
diminutive suffix), as in Morus / Moi (= Morris), Ifan / Ifi (=
Ifan), Siôn, Sioni (= John)
Another possibility is Dafydd > Dafy (loss of final dd) > Dafi (change of vowel from “y” to “i”)
> Dai (loss of intervocalic <v> [v] )
:_______________________________.
Deicyn <DEI-kin> [ˡdəɪkɪn] (masculine noun)
1 (North Wales) diminutive of Dafydd
:_______________________________.
deiet, deietau
<DEI-et, dei-E-tai, -te> [ˡdəɪɛt,
dəɪˡɛtaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 diet
:_______________________________.
deigryn <DEI-grin> [ˡdəɪgrɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL dagrau
<DA-grai, -gre>
[ˡdagraɪ, -ɛ]
1 tear
2
nwy dagrau tear gas
3
(island of Môn) raindrop
Mae'n gwneud tipyn o ddagrau
It’s starting to rain, it’s trying to rain (“it’s making a bit of drops”)
4
gollwng deigryn dros Gymru see a man
about a dog, have a pee (“shed a tear for Wales”)
5
dagrau fydd ei diwedd hi it’ll all
end in tears (“(it-is) tears that-will-be its end”)
6 dagrau gwidw,
"widow's tears" – the tears of a widow as a strategem to catch an
unwitting young man and marry him so that there is support for her and her
family
7
yn eich dagrau in tears (“in your
tears”)
8
boddfa o ddagrau a flood of tears
(“a drowning of tears”)
9
mynd i bwl o ddagrau burst into
tears (“go to a fit of tears”)
10
hidlo dagrau cry, shed tears (“sieve
tears”)
11
colli dagrau cry, shed tears (“lose
tears”)
12
rhedai y dagrau yn afonydd i lawr ei
gruddiau the tears ran in rivers down her cheeks
Dagrau’r
peth yw... the sad thing
about it all is that... (“(it is) (the) tears (of) the thing (that-is-) is
ETYMOLOGY: British *dakr-
> Welsh dagr > deigryn (addition of suffix -yn, which causes vowel change a > ei)
Other Celtic languages: Cornish dagrow
(= tears), Irish deoir (= tear)
:_______________________________.
deil <DEIL> [dəɪl] verb
1 holds, will hold; third person singular present-future tense of
the verb dal
Mae’r arolygon am eisteddfod dda os deil
y tywydd
There are signs of a good eisteddfod if the weather holds
:_______________________________.
deilen <DEI-len> [ˡdəɪlɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL dail,
deilennau <DAIL, DEI-len> [daɪl, ˡdəɪlɛn]
1 leaf (of a
tree, a plant)
y ddeilen = the leaf
bod fel dail y coed be ten a penny,
be very common (“be like the leaves of the tree”)
2 deilen ar dafod
tongue-tiedness ("a leaf on the tongue");
normally in the expression siarad heb
deilen ar eich tafod speak forthrightly ("speak without a leaf on your
tongue")
3 herb (fennel, etc)
llawryf laurel, deilen lawryf laurel leaf
Deilen fuddiol arall i roi blas
ychwanegol i salad yw ffenigl
Another useful herb to give extra taste to a salad is fennel
4 South-west Wales dail = cabbages (in the ground) (from
the phrase dail cawl leaves (of)
cabbage, cabbage leaves)
5
baco dail = leaf tobacco
6
North Wales dail y dinboeth literally "leaves (of) the hot ass"
(American: smartass), (Englandic: arsesmart), peachwort
Latin name: Polygonum Persicaria
Properties: The plant has a very acrid juice, hence the reference to ‘smarting’
in the English names, and ‘poeth’ (hot; stinging) in the Welsh name also refers
to the smarting and irritation it causes.
(American “ass, butt” = Englandic “arse, bum”)
7
North Wales dail llwynog = foxgloves ("leaves (of) fox")
8
North Wales dail ceiniogau = marsh pennywort Hydrocotyle vulgaris ("leaves (of) pennies")
9
South Wales dail traed yr ebol = coltsfoot Tussilago
Farfara; ("leaves (of) (the) feet (of) the foal") in the
south-east, dail drêpel
10 dail
poethion = nettles ("hot leaves", i.e. stinging leaves, leaves
causing irritation)
11
dail tafodau’r merched = Populus tremula leaves of the aspen tree
("leaves (of the) tongue (of) the women") – the leaves flutter in the
slightest breeze
12
dail tafol = dock leaves
13
y ddeilen felen = the yellow leaf,
tobacco
rhoi’r gorau i’r ddeilen felen give
up tobacco, stop smoking
14
deilen lili (American: lily pad)
(Englandic: lily leaf)
15
Metalwork leaf, foil = leaf or thin
plate of metal (also dafn, llafn, platen)
16
North Wales hel dail waste time, delay ("gather leaves")
17
crynu fel deilen = tremble like a
leaf, shake from fright
18
type of leaf:
deilen fasarn (“leaf of maples”),
maple leaf. Plural: dail masarn maple
leaves
deilen dderw (“leaf of oaks”), oak
leaf. Plural: dail derw oak leaves.
deilen onn (“leaf of ashes”), ash
leaf. Plural: dail onn ash leaves
deilen fedw (“leaf of birches”),
birch leaf. Plural: dail bedw birch
leaves
deilen ffawydd (“leaf of beeches”),
beech leaf. Plural: dail ffawydd
beech leaves
19
aflymddail retuse-leaved, having leaves with a rounded apex and
central depression
(aflym = retuse) + soft mutation + (dail = leaves)
helygen aflymddail(Salix retusa)
retuse-leaved willow
20
hirddail long-leaved
(hir = long) + soft mutation + (dail = leaves)
helygen wlanog hirddail (Salix
lapponum) downy willow
21
deilen de plural dail te tea leaf
helygen
dail-te (Salix phylicifolia) tea-leaved willow
22 Names of houses and streets
Sŵn-y-dail (“(the) sound (of) the leaves”), leaves on the trees
rustling
..a/ street name in Bodelwyddan (county of Dinbych) (“Swn y Dail”)
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same British root:
Cornish delenn = leaf (del = leaves),
Breton delienn = leaf (delion = leaves)
From the same Celtic root: Irish duille
(= leaf)
:_______________________________.
deiliog <DEIL-yog> [ˡdəɪljɔg] adjective
1 leafy
coed deiliog leafy trees
ETYMOLOGY: (deil, penult form of dail = leaves) + (-iog suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
deiliad, deiliaid
<DEIL-yad, DEIL-yaid, -yed> [ˡdəɪljad,
ˡdəɪljaɪd, -ɛd] (masculine
noun)
1 tenant
:_______________________________.
deilliad <DEILH-yad> [ˡdəɪɬjad] masculine noun
PLURAL deilliadau
<deilh-YAA-dai, -e> [dəɪɬˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 emanation
2 (Grammar) derivative
Abbreviation: dll.
ETYMOLOGY: (deill- stem of deillio = be derived (from), have its
origin (in)) + (-i-ad abstract
noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
Deiniol <DEIN-yol> [ˡdəɪnjɔl] (masculine noun)
1 Daniel; name of Celtic saint
:_______________________________.
Deiniolen <dein-YOO-len> [dəɪnˡjoˑlɛn] (masculine noun)
1 SH5763 A village in
Gwynedd. Until 1923 the name of the village was Ebenezer ‹e-ben-E-ser›, from Capel Ebenezer, a chapel belonging to the Independents, built just one century previously
in 1823.
The local
name for the chapel is Capal Eban (= Capel Eben)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/246467
Capal Eban
(delwedd
7516)
NOTE:
Deiniolen is in the ‘a’ zone, so Deiniolen > Deiniolan, Capel Eben >
Capal Eban
:_______________________________.
deintio <DEINT-yo> [ˡdəɪntjɔ] (verb)
1
nibble
deintio’r abwyd nibble the bait
:_______________________________.
deintur <DEIN-tir> [ˡdəɪntɪr] masculine noun
PLURAL deinturiau,
deinturau <dein-TIR-yai, -ye,
dein-TII-rai, -re> [dəɪnˡtɪrjaɪ, -ɛ,
dəɪnˡtiˑraɪ, -ɛ]
1 tenter,
tenter frame; one on which cloth is stretched in order to dry without shrinking
ffrâm ddeintur (plural: fframiau deintur) tenter frame
bach deintur tenterhook (plural: bachau deintur or bachau deinturiau)
2 found in field names:
Cae’r Deintur / Cae Deintur (tenter field),
Parc y Deintur (tenter field)
Examples of field names and street names:
(1) Caedeintur street name in
Dolgellau (county of Gwynedd)
(2) Cnwcydintir street name in the
town of Aberteifi (county of Ceredigion) (“(the) hill (of) the tenter frame”)
(3) Pentwyndeintur = pen twyn y
deintur – (“(the) top (of the) hill (of) the tenter”) Street name in
Craig-berth-lwyd, by Mynwentycrynwyr (county of Merthyrtudful)
(4) Cae Deintur / Cae Dintur Field name (lost) in Caer-dydd.
John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911), notes
"Kaye y Dyntur... A field in the Treasurer’s Manor of Llandaff (1535.) It
was a piece of pasture ground on the highway from Llandaff to Fairwater (1649)”
ETYMOLOGY: (1) Welsh deintur <
Middle English teyntur, tentour < French (cf modern French tenture = curtain), probably from Latin tentorium (= shelter made of stretched skins) < (tent-us + -orium); tendere (= to
stretch).
(In modern English, tentorium = the
endoskeleton of an insect’s head).
The Indo-European root is ten- (= to
stretch), and it occurs in Welsh in
.....(1) tenau (= thin) < Celtic,
.....(2) tent / tenten (= tent) < English < French < Latin tendere,
.....(3) tétanws < Greek tetanos (= stiff),
.....(4) tantra (= book explaining
Hindu philosophy) (from Sanskrit = warp),
.....(5) tôn (= tune) < English tone < Greek tonos (= string)
In English
the final element -our has become -er (tenter) probably in imitation of the agent suffix -our in words from French which was
replaced by -er in some words: barbour > English barber,
(2) the change of the intial segment to deint-
shows the influence of Welsh daint
(= teeth; an old plural of dant =
tooth; the modern plural is dannedd).
In Middle Welsh daint was deint, and in derivatives this form is
retained in the penult (deintydd =
dentist), as in the case of other monosyllables which are ai in the modern language.
The association seems to be with the tenterhooks set like rows of teeth in a
jaw, which hold the cloth as if biting it.
NOTE: (a) Also: dintur <DIN-tir> [ˡdɪntɪr] or dintir
<DIN-tir> [ˡdɪntɪr], and dentir
<DEN-tir> [ˡdɛntɪr]
Example: the place name Cnwcydintir = “cnwc y deintur” in the
town of Aberteifi / Cardigan, Ceredigion, South Wales.
Also occurs in mid-Wales (Sir Drefaldwyn / Montgomeryshire) “Piece of meadow Cae dintir (Mrs Mary Ann Parry), piece
Cae Maen (David Davies currier), piece Werglodd-gron (Mattew Alderson), piece
(Jane Evans, widow), 3 pieces (William Alderson), piece of garden (William
Roberts) - all within a short distance of the long Bridge, p. Llanidloes.”
http://pstatic.powys.gov.uk/fileadmin/Docs/archives/records_catalogue/Deposited_misc/M_D_JPO_bi.pdf
Melin Dôl-gau,
Uwchygarreg, Machynlleth. “The survey map depicts tenter racks in the
enclosures Cae Dentir and Cae Dintir (NLW, Wynnstay Cyfeiliog Survey 1763, map
vol. 1). (Archwilio: Cofnod Amgylchedd Hanesyddol - Ymddiriedolaeth
Archaeolegol Clwyd-Powys).
Also occurs in North
Wales: Cae’r Dintir, former field
name in Maesygeirchen, Bangor (Gwynedd).
Cae Dentir. Former field name in Bradley, now in Sir Wrecsam / County of Wrexham.
SJ3254.
(b) There are numerous places in England with the element “tenter”:
(1) Tenter Ground (off
White’s Row in London E1 (= Postal District East One), near Liverpool Street
railroad station);
(2) Tenter Fields In Halifax there
is an area so-called by the parish church
(Also in Baile Átha Cliath / Dublin (Ireland) on maps between 1800-1829, there
are Tenter Fields indicated between
Marrowbone Lane and Cork Street).
(3) Tenter Road / Lane / Street,
etc.
.....(a) Part of present-day Outram Street in Sutton in Ashfield, Nottinghamshire
was formerly known as Tenter Lane.
.....(b) In Heage in Derbyshire there is also a Tenter Lane.
.....(c) There is a Tenter Road in
Moulton Park in Northampton.
.....(d) In Sheffield there is a Tenter
Street.
(4) Tenteryard: At Holmsefield in
Derbyshire there is a place called Tenteryard Plantation.
:_______________________________.
deinturio <dein-TIR-yo> [dəɪnˡtɪrjɔ] verb
1 to tenter = stretch
(cloth) out on a tenter frame in order for it to dry without shrinking
ETYMOLOGY: (deintur = tenter frame)
+ (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
deintydd <DEIN-tidh> [ˡdəɪntɪð] masculine noun
PLURAL deintyddion
<dein-TƏDH-yon> [dəɪnˡtəðjɔn]
1 dentist
2 dentist = service of a dentist
Pam oedd doctor ac ysbyty a deintydd mor
ddrud yn y dyddiau hynny?
Why were a doctor and a hospital and a dentist so expensive in those days?
ETYMOLOGY: (deint-, penult form of daint = teeth) + (-ydd suffix to indicate an agent), if not (dant = tooth) + (-ydd),
with the usual change of a penult-syllable a
> e before a y in the final syllable
:_______________________________.
deintydda <dein-TƏ-dha> [dəɪnˡtəða] (verb)
1 practise the profession of dentist
:_______________________________.
deintyddfa
<dein-TƏDH-va> [dəɪnˡtəðva] feminine noun
PLURAL deintyddféydd
<dein-tədh-VEIDH> [dəɪntəðˡvəɪð]
1
dentist’s surgery; dental practice (= dentist’s surgery) (USA; dentist’s
office)
ETYMOLOGY: (deintydd = dentist) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a
place)
(delwedd 6993)
Dolgellau, sir Gwynedd, Awst 2003. Cader Idris, mynydd ar bwys y
dref, yw’r “Gader” dan sylw.
Dolgellau, county of Gwynedd, August 2003. The “Gader” is a nearby mountain
“Cader Idris” (“(the) chair / fort (of) Idris”)
:_______________________________.
deintyddiaeth
<dein-TƏDH-yaith, -yeth> [dəɪnˡtəðjaɪθ,
-ɛθ] (feminine noun)
1 dentistry
:_______________________________.
deintyddol
<dein-TƏ-dhol> [dəɪnˡtəðɔl] (adjective)
1 dental = relating to dentists
:_______________________________.
deisyfu <dəi-SƏ-vi>
[dəɪˡsəvɪ] (verb)
1 beseech, implore; desire
In the south-east as dishefu (qv), especially in the oath Dir
dishefon ni / Duw dishefon ni (God help us)
Explained by Cadrawd in “Expressions, Proverbial Sayings, Rhymes, &c.,
collected in Mid-Glamorganshire. 1906”:
(See our page kimkat 0497e via the internal search tool or Google,
eliminating the space after kimkat and before 0)
DUW DISHEFON NI, corruption of ‘Duw deisyfwn di,’ a peculiar kind of oath, which,
if properly uttered, would be an appropriate prayer - ‘Lord we beseech Thee.’
:_______________________________.
del <DEL> [dɛl] (adjective)
1 (North Wales) pretty
2 element in house names or place names
..a/ Delfan fair place
(del = pretty) + soft mutation + (man = place)
..b/ Delfryn fair hill
(del = pretty) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill)
:_______________________________.
delfan <DEL-van> [ˡdɛlvan] masculine or feminine noun
1 (in origin,
a northern word) fair place
2
Delfan house name
3
Delfan street name
..a/ Treforus (county of Abertawe)
..b/ Llansamlet (county of Abertawe)
In Pont-faen, Aber-gwaun there is a house called Delnant which is apparently “beautiful stream / valley”
ETYMOLOGY: (del = pretty, in
northern Welsh) + soft mutation + (man
= place)
:_______________________________.
delfrydol <del-VRƏ-dol> [dɛlˡvrədɔl] (adjective)
1 ideal
:_______________________________.
delfryn <DEL-vrin> [ˡdɛlvrɪn] masculine noun
1 (in origin,
a northern word) fair hill
2
Delfryn house name
..a/ Aberhonddu (county of Powys) (year 1987)
..b/ Y Garth (Garth Trefor SJ2642) (Dinbych)
3
Delfryn street name
..a/ Pen-y-cae, Wrecsam
..b/ Pen-y-cae, Aber-dâr (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
..c/ Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
..d/ Capelhendre, Rhydaman (county of Caerfyrddin)
ETYMOLOGY: (del = pretty, in
northern Welsh) + soft mutation + (bryn
= hill)
:_______________________________.
delio <DEL-yo> [ˡdɛljɔ] (verb)
1
deal = distribute playing cards
Mae’r deliwr yn delio’r cardiau fesul
pedwar yn groes i’r cloc The dealer deals the cards four at a time going
anticlockwise
:_______________________________.
deliwr <DEL-yur> [ˡdɛljʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL delwyr
<DEL-wir> [ˡdɛlwɪr]
1 dealer = a
person or business authorised by a manufacturer to sell its products
deliwr ceir car dealer (“dealer (of)
cars”)
deliwr hen bethau antique dealer
(“dealer (of) old things / (of) antiques”)
deliwr mewn eiddo lladrad dealer in
stolen goods / stolen property
deliwr stoc livestock dealer
2 dealer = (card games) person who shuffles and gives out the cards to each
player
ETYMOLOGY: (del- = stem of delio = trade, buy and sell) + (-i-wr agent suffix
NOTE: also: deiliwr
:_______________________________.
delw <DE-lu> [ˡdeˑlʊ] feminine noun
PLURAL delwau <DEL-wai,
-we> [ˡdɛlwaɪ, -ɛ]
1 image
ar ddelw in the image of
Genesis 9:6 A dywallto waed dyn, trwy ddyn y tywelltir ei waed yntau,
oherwydd ar ddelw DUW y gwnaeth efe ddyn.
Genesis 9:6 Whoso sheddeth man’s blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in
the image of God made he man.
ar lun a delw in the image of (“in the shape and image of”)
Genesis 5:3 Ac Adda a fu fyw ddeng mlynedd ar hugain a chant, ac a
genhedlodd fab ar ei lun a’i ddelw ei hun, ac a alwodd ei enw ef Seth.
Genesis 5:3 And Adam lived an hundred and thirty years, and begat a son in his
own likeness, after his image; and called his name Seth:
2 statue
delw o’r Forwyn a Madonna (a staue
of the Virgin Mary)
3 yr un ddelw â the
spitting image of
mae hwnnw’r un ddelw â ’mrawd he looks exactly like my brother, he’s the
spitting image of my brother
4 idol = image representing a god
fel delw stock still
mor fud â delw “as mute as an idol”
mynd fel delw stand stock still
...Mi aeth fel delw He stood stock still (with fright)
5 (Bible) idol = false god, a god that is worshipped by heathens
Brenhinoedd-1 15.13 Ac efe a symudodd Maachah ei fam o fod yn frenhines,
oherwydd gwneuthur ohoni hi ddelw mewn llwyn; ac Asa a ddrylliodd ei delw hi,
ac a'i llosgodd wrth afon Cidron
Kings-1 15:13 And also Maachah his mother, even her he removed from being
queen, because she had made an idol in a grove; and Asa destroyed her idol, and
burnt it by the brook Kidron.
delw gerfiedig graven image
Exodus 20:4 Na wna i ti ddelw
gerfiedig, na llun dim a'r y sydd yn y nefoedd uchod, nac a'r y sydd yn y
ddaear isod, nac a'r sydd yn y dwfr tan y ddaear.
Exodus 20:4 Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of
any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is
in the water under the earth:
6 dryllio’r delwau iconoclasm (“destroying the idols”)
Brenhinoedd-1 15.13 Ac efe a symudodd Maachah ei fam o fod yn frenhines,
oherwydd gwneuthur ohoni hi ddelw mewn llwyn; ac Asa a ddrylliodd ei delw hi,
ac a'i llosgodd wrth afon Cidron
Kings-1 15:13 And also Maachah his mother, even her he removed from being
queen, because she had made an idol in a grove; and Asa destroyed her idol, and
burnt it by the brook Kidron.
Exodus 23:24 Nac ymgryma i'w duwiau
hwynt, ac na wasanaetha hwynt, ac na wna yn ôl eu gweithredoedd hwynt; ond
llwyr ddinistria hwynt, dryllia eu delwau hwynt yn gandryll.
Exodus 23:24 Thou shalt not bow down to their gods, nor serve them, nor do
after their works: but thou shalt utterly overthrow them, and quite break down
their images.
Exodus 34:13 Eithr dinistriwch eu hallorau hwynt, drylliwch eu delwau hwynt,
a thorrwch i lawr eu llwynau hwynt.
Exodus 34:13 But ye shall destroy their altars, break their images, and cut
down their groves:
7 buddel pillar, post (one to which a cow is tied in a cowhouse)
< buddelw (bu =
cow) + soft mutation + (delwedd = stake, post; image, idol)
8 effigy = likeness of a person (for burning, hanging, etc)
llosgi delw o rywun burn somebody in effigy
crogi delw o rywun hang somebody in effigy
9 figure
Yn yr Eglwysi Catholig mae'n anodd dod o hyd i groes heb ddelw o'r Crist
Croeshoeledig arni
In the Catholic churches it’s hard to find a cross without a figure of the
Crucified Christ on it
10 (coin) image
11 image, received image, icon, preconception, accepted idea
Mae'r ymchwil newydd yn chwalu ambell i ddelw. Yn groes i'r darlun parchus
traddodiadol, un hoff o'i gwrw oedd yr emynwr hwn.
The new research shatters some accepted ideas. Contrary to the traditional
respectable image, this hymnwriter was a person fond of beer
12 annelwig vague
syniadau annelwig vague ideas
iaith annelwig vague language, imprecise language
datganiadau annelwig vague declarations, vague statements
13 (South Wales) delff / delffyn
numskull, stupid person, blockhead, dolt, idiot
delff < delf < delw (= idol, image)
14 (North Wales) del nice, pretty < del (= hard,
obstinate) < delw (= statue)
15 Cynddelw man’s name (obsolete)
(cyn- = dog, warrior) + soft mutation + (delwedd = image)
16
corffddelw, corffddelwau ‹korf-DHEE-lu, korf-DHEL-wai, -.we› effigy; grave
effigy, tomb effigy; a representation of a person in the
form of a sculpture, often life-sized, on top of a tomb (corff = body) + soft mutation +
(delwedd = image)
corffddelw bedd, corffddelwau
beddau grave effigy, tomb effigy
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British delv-â
< Celtic *del- (= to cut)
From the same British root:
Cornish (1) delow (= statue), occurring as dell in compound
forms:
(2) fatel (= how; literally “what kind of image”),
(3) kettel (= as soon as; keth [= same] + dell [=
image]),
(4) yndella (= in that way, similarly – y’n dell na in the image
there),
(5) yndellma (= in this way, thus – y’n dell ma in the image
here),
From the same Celtic root: Irish dealbh (= statue)
:_______________________________.
delwi <DEL-wi> [ˡdɛlwɪ] (verb)
1 stand stock still, freeze
2
petrify, paralyse
bod wedi delwi gan ofn be petrified
= be paralysed with fear
sefyll fel un wedi delwi freeze with
fear (“stand like someone who has petrified”)
:_______________________________.
delwriaeth
<de-LUR-yaith, -yeth> [dɛˡlʊrjaɪθ,
-ɛθ] feminine noun
PLURAL delwriaethwyr
<de-lur-YEITH-wir> [dɛlʊrˡjəɪθwɪr]
1 dealership =
business which is authorised by a manufacturer to sell its products
y ddelwriaeth = the dealership
ETYMOLOGY: (del- = stem of deliwr = dealer) + (-wriaeth suffix for forming abstract
nouns taking the place of the agent suffix -wr
or -iwr)
:_______________________________.
delyn <DEE-lin> [ˡdeˑlɪn] feminine noun
1 the
soft-mutated form of telyn (= harp)
canu’r delyn = play the harp
Caedelyn = cae’r delyn (field
names) “harp field”, field in the shape of a triangle
2
Delyn street name in
Rhosllannerchrugog (county of Wrecsam)
:_______________________________.
Delyn <DEE-lin> [ˡdeˑlɪn]
1 district
(dosbarth) of the county of Clwyd between 1974 – 1996. Administrative centre:
the town of Y Fflint
2
Name of an electoral constituency here which sends a member to the English
Parliament in London. The name remains even though the district has been
abolished.
Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 17.1% (1991)
ETYMOLOGY: Telyn means “harp” and y delyn is ‘the harp’. Although a
triangular-shaped field is often called Cae’r
Delyn or Cae Delyn (harp field)
in Welsh, and this county was vaguely triangular, this name is not Welsh in
origin.
The name is an English pseudo-Welsh name., combining two river names - the
English name of the river Dyfrdwy –
the river “Dee” – and the English form of the river Alun - “Alyn”. (Alyn is a Welsh misspelling which is used as the
‘English’ form).
The ridiculous pseudo-Welsh ‘Delyn’ was probably no accident – presumably
somebody came up with Dee-Alyn and the similarity to Welsh delyn somebody noticed.
Maybe “Lyndee” would have been a more appropriate combination. It looks
English, as an English word should, and is equally ridiculous.
It genuine Welsh name though would not have been hard to find or devise.
But if it was so important to combine the names of two rivers - why not just
“Alun a Dyfrdwy”, which is how the parliamentary constituency is called in Welsh.
:_______________________________.
*dem
Celtic root (= to build), related to
Latin domus (= house)
Occurs in cynefin (= familiar, habitual; usual haunt, habitat,
sheepwalk), British *kon-dom-in-
IE *dem-h- to domesticate, tame; English tame, German
zahmen; Latin domare; Welsh addef (= acknowledge, admit)
:_______________________________.
democratiaeth
<de-mo-KRAT-yaith, -yeth> [dɛmɔˡkratjaɪθ,
-ɛθ] (feminine noun)
1 democracy
:_______________________________.
den ni <DE-ni> [ˡdɛnɪ] (verb)
1 we are (NE Wales)
:_______________________________.
denu <DEE-ni> [ˡdeˑnɪ] (verb)
1 attract
denu at attract to
bod wedi eich denu at rywbeth ar eich
gwaetha’ be irresistibly attracted to something (“be after your attracting
towards something on your worst”)
2 entice, coax
denu rhywun i wneud rhywbeth entice
/ coax somebody to do something
:_______________________________.
deol <DEE-ol> [ˡdeˑɔl] verb
1 (obsolete)
exclude, separate, deprive
2
It is found in the current Welsh word ymddeol
(= retire)
(“exclude oneself”, ym- prefix with
a reflexive meaning, “oneself”)
ETYMOLOGY: Celtic *de-eks-ol (=
expel) < *ela (= to lead, to
begin)
:_______________________________.
deoledig <de-ol-EE-dig> [dɛɔlˡeˑdɪg]
1 (adjective)
expelled, deported
2
(masculine or feminine noun) deportee, person deported, person expelled
y deoledigion the deportees
ETYMOLOGY: (deol- stem of the verb deol = expel) (-edig suffix for forming a past participle adjective)
:_______________________________.
depo cyflenwadau
amaethyddol <DE-po kəv-len-WAA-dai, -de,
a-mei-THƏ-dhol> [ˡdɛpɔ kəvlɛnˡwɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ, aməɪˡθəðɔl] (masculine noun)
1 agricultural supplies depot
:_______________________________.
der- <der> [dɛr]
1 from derw = oak trees; the ‘w’ is often lost in compounds
beginning with derw
derwlwyn > derlwyn oak grove
derwgoed > dergoed oak wood
derwlys > derlys >
derllys oak court
:_______________________________.
derbyn <DER-bin> [ˡdɛrbɪn] (verb)
1 receive
:_______________________________.
derbyniad,
derbyniadau <der-BIN-yad,
der-bin-YAA-de> [dɛrˡbɪnjad, dɛrbɪnˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 reception (TV, radio)
2 acceptance
3 reception = welcome
:_______________________________.
derbyniol <der-BƏN-yol> [dɛrˡbənjɔl] (adjective)
1 (Grammar) accusative
Abbreviation = drb.
2 acceptable
annerbyniol unacceptable
:_______________________________.
derbyn wyneb
<DER-bin UI-neb>
[ˡdɛrbɪn ˡʊɪnɛb] verb
1 be biassed, show favouritism (“accept a face”)
Rhaid ichi beidio â derbyn wyneb you
must not show any favouritism, you must be impartial
Pedr-1 1:17 Ac os ydych yn galw ar y
Tad, yr hwn sydd heb dderbyn wyneb yn barnu
yn ôl gweithred pob un, ymddygwch mewn ofn dros amser eich ymdeithiad
Peter-1 1:17 And if ye call on the Father, who without respect of persons
judgeth according to every man’s work, pass the time of your sojourning here in
fear
Epistol Cyffredinol Iago Yr Apostol 2:1
Fy mrodyr, na fydded gennych ffydd ein
Harglwydd ni Iesu Grist, sef Arglwydd y gogoniant, gyda derbyn wyneb.
Saint James’
Gospel 2:1 My brethren, have not the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of
glory, with respect of persons.
Epistol Cyffredinol Iago Yr Apostol 2:9
Eithr os derbyn wyneb yr ydych, yr ydych
yn gwneuthur pechod, ac yn cael eich argyhoeddi gan y gyfraith megis
troseddwyr.
2:9 But if ye have respect to
persons, ye commit sin, and are convinced of the law as transgressors.
2 di-dderbyn-wyneb (= di dderbyn
wyneb) impartial, showing no favouritism; unswayed / uncowed / unimpressed
by somebody’s status or importance, direct, frank, unfawning
beirniad di-dderbyn-wyneb a llym oedd Wiliam Bifan Wiliam Bifan was a stern and impartial adjudicator
yr oedd bob amser yn barod i ddweyd ei
feddwl yn eglur a di-dderbyn-wyneb ar bob pwnc
He was always ready to speak his mind clearly and openly on all subjects
bod yn ddi-dderbyn-wyneb be unswayed by somebody’s status or
importance, be no respecter of rank
siarad yn ddi-dderbyn-wyneb speak without fear or favour, speak
openly
Yr oedd yn rhy ddi-dderbyn-wyneb i blesio ei gyd-swyddogion, fel na chafodd
unrhyw swydd o bwys erioed
He was too direct to please his
fellow officers so he never achieved any position of importance
ETYMOLOGY: ‘accept a face’ (derbyn =
receive, accept) + (wyneb = face)
:_______________________________.
derch <DERKH> [dɛrx] adjective
1 elevated,
exalted, high (used in poetry in the 1800s)
Cyfodwn yn y borau
Ar ol ein lludded mawr,
Tra’r haul o’i dderch ororau
Yn agor dorau’r wawr. (Mynydau Hamddenol: Ail Lyfr Nathan Wyn. 1905.
Tudalen 25)
We get up in the morning / After our great tiredness / While the sun from its
region on high / Opens the doors of dawn
ETYMOLOGY: Word coined by William Owen-Pughe, and which appears in his
dictionary of 1794 (derch =
‘elevated, exalted or high’), from the verb derchu, a variant of derchafu,
itself a variant of dyrchafu (= to
exalt, raise high)
:_______________________________.
dere <DEE-re> [ˡdeˑrɛ] (verb)
1 (South Wales) come! The Northern equivalent: is tyrd, ty’d
:_______________________________.
Derec <DEE-rek> [ˡdeˑrɛk] (masculine noun)
1 Derek - man’s name
:_______________________________.
Derfael <DER-vail> [ˡdɛrvaɪl] (masculine noun)
1 Man’s name. See Derfel below.
:_______________________________.
Derfel <DER-vel> [ˡdɛrvɛl] masculine noun
1 man’s name,
found in the place name Llandderfel (SH9837), a village in Gwynedd, 6km east o
Y Bala. There is also a hill by the village called Bryn Derfel (“(the) hill (of) Derfel”)
If not directly from the place names, the forename is from Robert Jones Derfel
(1824-1905), a radical author born near Llandderfel, who adopted Derfel as a
surname.
2 Derfel
House name in Pwllheli (county of Gwynedd)
(in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of
Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)
ETYMOLOGY: Derwfael <DERu-vail> [ˡdɛrwvaɪl] (derw
= true, mael = prince, leader).
..a/ Derwfael > Derfael [ˡdɛrvaɪl] (Loss of the consonant “w”, typical in such
compounds. Cf derwlwyn (= oak grove) > derlwyn, carwlam (=
leap of a stag) > ar garlam (= galloping), where the medial “w” has
been dropped.
..b/ Derfael > Derfel
Colloquially over most of Wales a final “ae” becomes “e”.
(delwedd 7492)
:_______________________________.
dergoed <DER-goid> [ˡdɛrgɔɪd]
1
oak wood
Dergoed street name in Brychdyn
Newydd, Wrescam
ETYMOLOGY: dergoed < der’goed < derwgoed <DERu-goid> [ˡdɛrwgɔɪd]
(derw = oak trees) + soft mutation +
(coed = trees, wood)
:_______________________________.
deri <DEE-ri> [ˡdeˑrɪ]
1
oak trees, oaks; plural of dâr (=
oak tree)
2
Danyderi “below the oak trees”
Street name in
..a/ Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (“Dan y Deri”)
..b/ Y Fenni (county of Mynwy) (“Dan y Deri”)
3
Y Deri House name noted by John
Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911)
“DERI, Y (the oaks.) Now corruptly styled
"The Dairy Farm." A homestead a little north-east of Roath church.”
(Roath is Y Rhath, Caer-dydd)
4 Y Deri House name noted
by John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911) “DERI, Y (the oaks.) A tenement in or near
Whitchurch, 1735.” (Whitchurch is Yr Eglwysnewydd, Caer-dydd)
5
Y Deri (SO1201) locality in the
county of Caerffili.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1201
In this village there is a street called
Deri Newydd (“new Deri”)
Coed Deri
Newydd SO1202 woodland by Deri Newydd “(the) wood (of) Deri Newydd”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/625374
ETYMOLOGY: (dâr = oak tree) + (-i plural suffix)
:_______________________________.
Deri Newydd
<DEE-ri NEU-idh>
[ˡdeˑrɪˡ nɛʊɪð]
1
street name in Y Deri (county of
Caerffili) (“New Deri”)
ETYMOLOGY: “new Deri”. Used after a village name, as is to be expected newydd denotes a new settlement
replacing older settlement, or an newer addition to a settlement. The name of
the village Y Deri means “oak wood,
oak trees”
:_______________________________.
derllwyn <der -lhuin> masculine noun
1 oak wood
2 street name:
Heol Derllwyn in Y Ton-du (county of
Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (officially: ‘Derllwyn Road’)
ETYMOLOGY: derlwyn (= oak wood) >
derllwyn.
With rl > rll, that is, with the
suppression of the soft mutation, possibly in imitation of –rll- in perllan (= orchard)
:_______________________________.
derlwyn <DER-lhuin> [ˡdɛrɬʊɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL derlwyni <der-LUI-ni> [dɛrˡlʊɪnɪ]
1 oak wood
2
street name
.....(1) Derlwyn Cilái (county of
Abertawe) (on street signs as ‘Derlwyn’)
.....(2) Derlwyn Pen-y-waun (county
of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (on street signs as ‘Derlwyn’)
.....(3) Heol Derlwyn Rhiwbina
(Caer-dydd) (on street signs as ‘Heol Derlwyn’)
.....(4) Heol Derlwyn Tredegar
(county of Caerffili) (on street signs as ‘Derlwyn Street’)
ETYMOLOGY: derlwyn < der’lwyn < derw-lwyn (derw = oak
trees) + soft mutation + (llwyn =
wood)
:_______________________________.
Derlwyn <der -luin> masculine
noun
1 man’s name (infrequent)
ETYMOLOGY: From the place name Derlwyn
‘oak wood’. See previous entry
:_______________________________.
Derllys <DER-lhis> [ˡdɛrɬɪs]
1 kúmmud (cwmwd) or subdivision of Cantref Gwarthaf, a kántrev (cantref) or
division of the country of Dyfred
Apparently “oak court” (derw = oak
trees) + soft mutation + (llys =
court) > derwlys > der’lys >
derllys
:_______________________________.
deru <DEE-ri> [ˡdeˑrɪ] verb
1 (= darfu) it
has happened
Neli: Beth ydi’r mater?
Meri: Dim ond y deru i mi wel’d y lleuad newydd am y tro cynta’ trwy gwmwl. (Dadleuon
Buddugol Eisteddfod Caerfyrddin 1911 t. 40)
Neli: What’s the matter?
Meri: Only that I’ve seen / I’ve happened to see the new moon for the first
time through a cloud
:_______________________________.
1..derw; plural
of derwen <DE-ru>
(plural noun) (material) oak trees; plural of derwen
<DER-wen> [ˡdɛrwɛn]
:_______________________________.
2..derw <DEE-ru> [ˡdeˑrʊ]
1 (obsolete)
true, real
It occurs as an element in a number of compound words in modern Welsh
(a) cefnder (= male cousin) < cefnderw (cyf = together) + (nai =
nephew) + derw
(b) cyfnither (= female cousin) < cefnitherw (cyf = together) + (nith = niece) + derw
(c) Derwfael <DER-vail> [ˡdɛrvaɪl] (= man's name), now Derfael, Derfel (derw =
true, mael = prince, leader). The
medial “w” has been dropped, and colloquially a final “ae” becomes “e”.
The name is found
(1) in the place name Llandderfel (SH9837), a village in Gwynedd, 6km east o Y
Bala;
(2) and also as a forename Derfel, taken from this place name, or from Robert
Jones Derfel, (1824-1905), a radical author born near Llandderfel, who adopted
Derfel as a surname.
There is also a hill by the village called Bryn
Derfel (“(the) hill (of) Derfel”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same Celtic root: Irish dearbh (=
real, true), Scottish dearbh (=
sure, certain)
:_______________________________.
derwen, derw
<DER-wen>
[ˡdɛrwɛn] <DEE-ru> [ˡdeˑrʊ] (feminine noun)
1 oak tree
y dderwen= the oak tree
2
crachdderwen (“stunted oak”)
(crach = small, stunted) + soft
mutation + (derwen = oak)
This is another name for derwen ddigoes
(Quercus petraea) sessile oak
3
derlwyn oak wood
derlwyn < der’lwyn < derw-lwyn
(derw = oak trees) + soft mutation +
(llwyn = wood)
llwyn derw oak wood
Llwynderw (as a settlement name –
house, village) Oakwood
:_______________________________.
Derwen-deg
<DER-wen DEEG>
[ˡdɛrwɛn ˡdeːg] feminine noun
1 house name;
2
street name in
.....(1) Pontardawe (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (‘Derwen Deg’)
.....(2) Ystradmynach (county of Caerffili) (‘Derwendeg Ave’)
.....(3) Glyn-coch (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (‘Derwendeg Ave’)
.....(4) Heol Derwen-deg / Heol y Dderwen-deg Caer-dydd (‘Fairoak
Road’)
3 farm name
SN5417 (“Derwendeg Farm”) by Maes-y-bont (Caerfyrddin)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘the fair oak, the bonny oak’ (derwen
= oak, oak tree) + soft mutation + (teg
= fair)
:_______________________________.
derwenfa <der-WEN-va> [dɛrˡwɛnva] feminine noun
1 “place of the oak tree”
House name in Dinbych (county of Dinbych) (in the list of members in “The
Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)
ETYMOLOGY: (derwen = oak) + (-fa
noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)
:_______________________________.
Derwfael <DERW-vail>
[ˡdɛrwvaɪl] masculine noun
1 (male)
saint’s name; found in the place name Llandderfel (SH9837), a village in
Gwynedd, 6km east of Y Bala
2 Derfel, forename taken from the
place name Llandderfel, or from Robert Jones Derfel, (1824-1905), a
radical author born near Llandderfel, who adopted Derfel as a surname.
There is also a hill by the village called Bryn
Derfel (“(the) hill (of) Derfel”)
ETYMOLOGY: (derw = true) + soft mutation + (mael = leader)
Derfael > Derfel The medial “w” has been dropped, and colloquially a
final “ae” becomes “e”.
(delwedd 7517)
(delwedd 7517)
:_______________________________.
derwgoed <DERW-goid>
[ˡdɛrwgɔɪd] masculine noun
1
oakwood
2
place names:
..a/ Derwgoed in Cefnddwysarn
(SH9638) (county of Gwynedd). The local pronunciation is Drewgoed <DREU-goid> [ˡdrɛʊgɔɪd] as if it meant “Stink-wood” (drew-, stem of drewi = to stink)
3 in compound words there is a tendency for this consonantal w to be dropped
Thus derwgoed <DERW-goid>
[ˡdɛrwgɔɪd] > der’goed
> dergoed <DER-goid> [ˡdɛrgɔɪd]
Dergoed is a street name in Brychdyn
Newydd, Wrescam
ETYMOLOGY: (derw = oak trees) + soft
mutation + (coed = trees, wood)
:_______________________________.
derwin <DER-win> [ˡdɛrwɪn] adjective
1
(obsolete) oaken, made of oak; quercine
2
abounding in oaks
bryn hill
Bryn Derwin ‘oak hill’
Brwydr Bryn Derwin The Battle of Bryn Derwin (June 1255) in Eifionydd
in Gwynedd,
the location of which is now unknown. In fact it was a short skirmish one hour
long, between Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and two of his
brothers, Dafydd ap Gruffudd and Owain Goch ap Gruffydd. Llywelyn won the
day and Owain and Dafydd were both imprisoned.
Owain remained in prison and died there over thirty years later around 1282.
Dafydd was released and was involved in the governance of Gwynedd but in 1263
he sided with the English king Henry III to attack Llywelyn and although
restored to favour, he again joined Henry III in 1274.
In 1282 Dafydd fought against the English, was captured, and was tortured and
hanged in Shrewsbury in October 1283.
Brynderwin ‘oak hill’ (lost name in
Clynnog, Gwynedd)
Brynderwyn (qv) (probably from
‘Brynderwin / Bryn Derwin’) place in New Zealand
bwlch pass, gap
Bwlchderwin ‘oak gap’ (lost name in
Clynnog, Gwynedd)
3
(obsolete) (masculine noun) oak timber, oak wood (material)
ETYMOLOGY: (der
-
penultimate-syllable form of derw =
oak wood) + (-in adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
derwlwyn <DERW-luin>
[ˡdɛrWlʊɪn] masculine noun
1 (literary),
(place-name element) oakwood
ETYMOLOGY: (derw = oaks) + soft
mutation + (llwyn = bosc)
NOTE: Also written derlwyn (qv)
:_______________________________.
derwydd <DER-uidh> [ˡdɛrʊɪð] masculine noun
PLURAL derwyddon <der-UI-dhon> [dɛrˡʊɪðɔn]
1 druid =
member of a class of priests amongst the Celts of Britain and Gaul
2
druid = member of the highest order of Gorsedd y Beirdd (the congress of the
bards / poets)
archdderwydd = archdruid, leader of
Gorsedd y Beirdd (congress of bards), elected for a period of three years
Urdd y Derwyddon = the Order of
Druids
3
druid = member of a benefit society established in London in 1781 called the
Ancient Order of Druids, meeting in lodges which it designated as groves
4
druid = (especially in England and the United States) present-day practitioner
of pagan rites which are supposedly Celtic
ETYMOLOGY: In poetry of the 1200-1400 period derwydd meant “prophet, wise man”.
Because the words derw (= oak trees)
and derwydd (= druid) are so similar
in form, it might (wrongly) be supposed that one is a derivative of the other –
either that a druid is a “worshipper in oak groves” or that an oak is “the
druids’ tree”.
Dr. John Davies (c. 1567-1644, of Llanferres, Dinbych), lexicographer (author
of the 1632 Welsh-Latin Dictionary) and translator of the Bible, aware of the
similarity in form and meaning between the Welsh word ‘derwydd’ and the Latin
‘druid(ae)’, was the first to propose a link between “derwydd / druid-” and
“derw”.
Thomas Wiliems (1545/6-1622), of Trefriw, now in the county of Conwy, but
formerly in the county of Dinbych, lexicographer and genealogist, also thought
there was a link (though whether the Welsh word and the Latin word which comes
from Celtic are at all connected is a moot point).
Latin druid(ae) was from Gaulish druid(es). In Old Irish there is a
corresponding word drui, with an
accusative and dative stem druid-
Dr. John Davies’ supposition, although long since shown to be etymologically
untenable, has become a popular one.
According to believers in the ‘oak tree’ connection, derwydd (= druid) is said to be “tree knowledge” - (derw = oak trees) + soft mutation + (gwydd <guidh> [gʊɪð] = knowledge) – a very unlikely and unusual
explanation.
More likely it is derwydd < *dar-wydd
(dar- = intensifying prefix) +
soft mutation + (gwydd-) This latter
element is found in other compound words meaning ‘seeing / knowing’, such as (gwybod = to know) < *gwydd-fod.
The compound form is probably pre-Welsh (e.g. British do-are-vid-. The British compound prefix do-are- became dar in
Welsh, and the element vid- became gwydd).
dar- > der- trough the influence of the y
in the diphthong wy
The ‘tree knowledge’ explanation tends to be accepted unquestioned by writers
not in possession of a copy of Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / the University of
Wales Dictionary!
:_______________________________.
derwydd <DER-widh> [ˡdɛrwɪð]
1 oak trees
2 Derwydd SN6117 mansion
in the county of Caerfyrddin 2km north of Llandybïe and 5km south of Llandeilo
Glynderwydd < glyn y
dwerwydd ‘glen of the oak trees’
ANTURIAETHAU HABAKKUK
CRABB. GAN CLWYDWENFRO. PENOD XXIII. TROI Y BYRDDAU. Teimlai Habakkuk y byddai
yn anmhosibl iddo i oddiweddyd Mr Rhys cyn y gwnai gyrhaedd i Glynderwydd, gan
ei fod wedi cael gormod o'r blaen, er mai hyny oedd ei fwriad cyntaf, ar ol
clywed ei fod wedi myned i ‘ffau y llewpard,' fel y galwai ef Glynderwydd, er
pan ddiangodd oddiyno. Siomiant iddo ef oedd ei fod yn rhy ddiweddar i atal
amryfusedd. Y Tyst. 25 Gorffennaf 1900.
‘
(delwedd 4901)
ETYMOLOGY: (derw = oaks) + soft
mutation + (gwydd = trees)
:_______________________________.
derwyddes <der-UI-dhes> [dɛrˡʊɪðɛs] feminine noun
PLURAL derwyddesau
<der-ui-DHE-sai, -se> [dɛrʊɪðˡɛsaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 female
druid, druidess
y dderwyddes = the druidess
ETYMOLOGY: (derwydd = druid) + (-iaeth suffix for indicating a female)
:_______________________________.
derwyddiaeth
<der-UIDH-yaith, -yeth> [dɛrˡʊɪjaɪθ,
-ɛθ] feminine noun
1 druidism =
the practice of druidic rites
ETYMOLOGY: (derwydd = druid) + (-iaeth = -ism, suffix for forming
abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
derwyddol <der-UI-dhol> [dɛrˡʊɪðɔl] adjective
1 druidic
ETYMOLOGY: (derwydd = druid) + (-iaeth = suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
’deryn <DEE-rin> [ˡdeˑrɪn] (m)
1 clipped form
of aderyn (qv) (= bird)
Mae e’n dipyn o deryn (said of someone who is no quite reliable or not
very responsible, someone who is carefree and mischievous but is likeable and
amusing) He’s a
bit of a lad
:_______________________________.
desg <DESK> [ˡdɛsk] feminine noun
PLURAL desgiau
<DESK-yai, -ye>
[ˡdɛskjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 desk = piece
of furniture with a surface for writing, and often drawers underneath
y ddesg the desk
dyddiadur desg desk diary = large
diary for noting appointments; agenda
Nid yw dyddiadur desg y Lolfa yn uniaith
Gymraeg mwyach
The desk diary (published by) Y Lolfa is no longer in Welsh throughout
2 desk = service counter in a hotel or a public building
(sign) desg ar gau position closed
(“desk closed”)
ETYMOLOGY: English desk, probably
Medieval Latin desca (= table)
:_______________________________.
desg dalu,
desgiau talu <desk-DAA-li,
DESK-yai , -ye, TAA-li> [dɛsk ˡdɑˑlɪ, ˡdɛskjaɪ,
-jɛ ˡtɑˑlɪ] (feminine
noun)
1 (supermarket) cash desk, checkout
:_______________________________.
desg ysgrifennu
<desk ə-skri-VE-ni> [dɛsk əskrɪˡvɛnɪ] (feminine noun)
1 writing desk
:_______________________________.
destlus <DEST-lis> [ˡdɛstlɪs] (adjective)
1 tidy
:_______________________________.
deuawd, deuawdau
<DEI-aud, dei-AU-dai, -de> [ˡdəɪaʊd,
dəɪˡaʊdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 duet
:_______________________________.
deuben <DEI-ben> [ˡdəɪbɛn] masculine noun
NOTE: there is also an older form deupen,
without soft mutation, in use
1 two
heads
cael y ddeupen ynghyd make ends meet
(“get the two ends together”)
2
(modifier) two-headed
cyhyryn deuben biceps
trên deuben double-header, train
drawn by two engines coupled together
eryr deuben double-headed eagle
ETYMOLOGY: (deu-, penult form of dau = two) + soft mutation + (pen = head)
:_______________________________.
deubeth <DEI-beth> [ˡdəɪbɛθ] masculine noun
1 two things
y ddeubeth ar yr un pryd the two
things at the same time
ETYMOLOGY: (deu-, penult form of dau = two) + soft mutation + (peth = thing)
:_______________________________.
deublyg <DEI-blig> [ˡdəɪblɪg] adjective
1 folded over
syrthio yn eich deublyg (person)
fall in a heap
bod yn eich deublyg (person) be
fallen in a heap
2
twofold = (purpose) satisfying two aims at the same time
Byddai mantais ddeublyg i gynllun o’r
fath
There would be a twofold advantage to such a plan
3
(roof) double-pitched
to deublyg double-pitched roof, roof
like an inverted V
ETYMOLOGY: “folded in two” (deu-,
penult form of dau = two) + soft
mutation + (plyg = folded, stem of
the verb plygu = to fold)
:_______________________________.
deud <DEID> [ˡdəɪd] (verb)
1 (North Wales) (= dweud,
standard colloquial) say (North Wales)
In the South: gweud
:_______________________________.
deuddeg <DEI-dheg> [ˡdəɪðɛg] (masculine noun)
1 twelve
2
y deuddeg apostol the twelve
apostles
:_______________________________.
deuddegfed
<dei-DHEG-ved> [dəɪˡðɛgvɛd] (adjective)
1 twelfth
:_______________________________.
Deuddrwg ni wna
ddaioni <DEI-dhrug nii WNAA
dhai-OO-ni> [ˡdəɪðrʊg niː wnɑ:
ðaɪˡoˑnɪ]
1 Two wrongs
don’t make a right
ETYMOLOGY: (deuddrwg = two bad
deeds) + (ni = not) + soft mutation
+ (gwna = does, makes) + soft
mutation + (daioni = good, goodness)
:_______________________________.
Deuddwr <DEI-dhur> [ˡdəɪðʊr]
1 A kúmmud /
cwmwd in Powys
Llansanffráid Deuddwr (SN2118) (parish in
the district of Maldwyn, county of Powys) “(the place called) Llansanffráid
(which is) (in) (the kúmmud / cwmwd of) Deuddwr
”.
2 The name
survives as that of a hamlet SJ2417
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/548122
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/548146
To the west is Tyddyndeuddwr SJ2317 “(the) smallholding (by) Deuddwr”
(On the map as Tyddyn Dauddwr)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/548139
Tyddyndeuddwr
ETYMOLOGY:
“two streams / two rivers” (deu-,
penult form of dau = two) + soft
mutation + (dŵr = stream,
river; water)
:_______________________________.
deudro <DEI-dro> [ˡdəɪdrɔ]
1 twice, two
turns
ar ddeudro the second time, with the
second try (“on two turns”)
Fe wnaeth e hi ar ddeudro Hi managed
it the second time
ETYMOLOGY: (deu- = dau two ) + soft mutation + (tro = turn).
:_______________________________.
deudroed <DEI-droid> [ˡdəɪdrɔɪd]
1 two feet
mynd ar eich deudroed walk it, go by Shanks’s pony, walk because there
is no other way of going – no bike, car, horse, etc
ETYMOLOGY: (deu- = dau two ) + soft
mutation + (troed = foot). The noun is singular afdter a numeral
:_______________________________.
deudwll <DEI-dulh> [ˡdəɪdʊɬ] adjective
1 two-holed,
having two holes, of two holes
ebill
deudwll “auger for making two holes”, in the expression
chwilio
am ebill deudwll be on a fool’s errand (“look for a two-hole auger”)
ETYMOLOGY: (deu-, penult form of dau = two) + soft mutation + (twll
= hole)
:_______________________________.
deufin <DEI-vin> [ˡdəɪvɪn] adjective
1 two-edged
bwyell ddeufin double-headed axe
cleddyf deufin two-edged sword
ETYMOLOGY: (deu = two) + soft
mutation + (min = edge)
:_______________________________.
deufis <DEI-vis> [ˡdəɪvɪs] masculine noun
1 two months
ychydig dros ddeufis yn ôl just over
two months ago
ETYMOLOGY: (deu-, penult form of dau = two) + soft mutation + (mis = month)
:_______________________________.
deugain <DEI-gain, -gen> [ˡdəɪgaɪn, -ɛn] (masculine noun)
1 ("two twenties") forty
:_______________________________.
deugeinfed
<dei-GEN-ved>
[dəɪˡgɛnvɛd] (adjective)
1 fortieth
:_______________________________.
deugymesur
<dei-gə-ME-sir> [dəɪgəˡmɛsɪr] adjective
1 bisymmetrical
= showing bilateral symmetry
ETYMOLOGY: (deu = two) + soft
mutation + (cymesur = of the same
measure, commensurate)
:_______________________________.
deuir <DEI-ir> [ˡdəɪɪr] verb
1 passive form of dod (= to come) “it is come”, translated in English as
the impersonal ‘one comes’
Yr ardal gyntaf y deuir iddi wrth fyned o’r Bala i Ffestinog neu Drawsfynydd
ar hyd yr hen ffordd ydyw cymydogaeth Tal-y-bont
The first area one comes to when going from Y Bala to Ffestiniog or Trawsfynydd
along the old road is the neighbourhood of Tal-y-bont
ETYMOLOGY: (deu root of dod /
dyfod = to come) + (-ir impersonal
ending, present-future tense)
:_______________________________.
deunaw <DEI-nau> [ˡdəɪnaʊ] (masculine noun)
1 (literally: "two nines") nineteen
Tirdeunaw village in Abertawe (land + nineteen, probably “nineteen-acre
piece of land”) SS6597
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/171986
map
:_______________________________.
deunawfed <dei-NAU-ved> [dəɪˡnaʊvɛd] (masculine noun)
1 nineteenth
ETYMOLOGY: (deunaw = nineteen) + (-fed ending to indincate an ordinal
number, as English “-th”)
:_______________________________.
deuparth <DEI-parth> [ˡdəɪparθ] (masculine noun)
1 two thirds
ETYMOLOGY: (deu-, penult form of dau = two) + (parth = part).
(deu-) + soft mutation + (parth) > *deubarth might br
expected, since dau always causes soft mutation in modern Welsh, but in
older Welsh such a mutation did not always occur after dau
:_______________________________.
deupen <DEI-pen> [ˡdəɪpɛn] (masculine noun)
1 two ends
2
llosgi'r gannwyll yn ei deupen burn
the candle at both ends, exhaust oneself (“burn the candle in its two ends”)
Also: llosgi'r gannwyll yn y ddeupen (“burn
the candle in the two ends”)
See deuben
:_______________________________.
deuswllt <DEI-sulht> [ˡdəɪsʊɬt] (masculine noun)
1 (obsolete) two shillings
:_______________________________.
Deuteronomium
<dei-ter-on-OM-yum> [dəɪtɛrɔnˡɔmjʊm] masculine noun
1 The fifth
book of the Old Testament; it includes a second statement of Mosaic Law
ETYMOLOGY: “second law” Latin Deuteronomium
< Greek Deuteronomion (deuteros = second) + (nomia = law, a word related to nemein = distribute, control)
:_______________________________.
Deva <DEE-va> [ˡdɛˑva]
1
Roman name for the settlement at Chester, England
In fact, the British word for “goddess” - it was the name of the the river and
its river goddess. Called Dee in English, and Dyfrdwy in Welsh (“(the) river
(of) Deva”) (dyfr- penult form of dwfr,
nowadays dŵr = water; stream, river) + (dwy = goddess, Deva)
2 In English street names in the north-east
1) “Deva Avenue” (which would be Ffordd
Deva / Coedlan Deva in Welsh)
..a) Saltney (county of Y Fflint)
..b) Ceicona (county of Y Fflint)
..c) Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint)
2) “Deva Business Park” (which in Welsh would be Parc Busnes Deva) Sealand (county of Y Fflint)
3) “Deva Close” (which in Welsh would be Clos
Deva)
..a) Llandrillo yn Rhos (county of Conwy)
..b) Y Fflint (county of Y Fflint)
4) “Deva Crescent” (which in Welsh would be Cilgant Deva), Y Rhyl (county of Dinbych)
5) “Deva Terrace” (which in Welsh would be Rhestai
Deva), Owrtyn (county of Wrecsam)
6) “Deva Way” (which in Welsh
would be Ffordd Deva), Wrecsam
(county of Wrecsam)
Bryn Deva SJ2869 name of a primary school in Golfftyn
“hill (overlooking the river which is called) Deva (in Latin)”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=332466
:_______________________________.
DEVOICING
1 in Welsh forms (consonant
between a vowel and w) V-C-w
..a/ “g” becomes “c”, that is, [g] > [k]
Tegwyn (man’s name), also as Tecwyn
Llandegwyn > Llandecwyn (SH6337) locality and parish in Gwynedd
..b/ “f” becomes “w”, that is, [v] > [w]
Wigfair > Wigfer > Wicwer (SJ0271) (locality by Dinbych, North Wales)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ0271
map (where spelt Wigfair)
2 Examples of devocing in English of words taken from Welsh:
..a/ dd final <dh> [ð] > th <th>
[θ]
Gruffudd > English “Griffith”
Lecwydd (place by Caer-dydd) >
“Leckwith”
For more examples, see dd
..b/ f [v]
> ff [f]
Taf (river name) > “Taff”
Caer-dyf (original form of Caer-dydd, capital of Wales) >
“Cardiff”
For more examples, see f
..c/ g [g]
> ck [k]
Llangatwg > “Llangattock”
For more examples, see g
:_______________________________.
dew <DEU> [dɛʊ] adjective
1 Soft mutated form (t > d) de tew = fat
merch dew a fat girl (there is soft
mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun)
In the past there was soft mutation with an adjective after a man’s name in
forming epithets, and there are examples in modern Welsh
Twm Bach Dew (fat little Tom). This
example is from the magazine “Llafar Gwlad” (loosely translatable as ‘oral
tradition’), number 73, Haf (summer) 2001. It appeared in an article by Bobi
Owen on nicknames in the town of Dinbych (‘Denbigh’ in English)
:_______________________________.
dewch <DEUKH> [dɛʊx] (verb)
1 come ("chi" form), from the verb dod = to come
:_______________________________.
Dewi <DEU-i> [ˡdeʊɪ]
1 also Dewi Sant
Saint David, the patron saint of Wales
2
man's name (Before the 20th century it was not given as a forename. Previously
the Welsh equivalent of ‘David’ was Dafydd
as a Christian name).
Dewi referred only to the patron
saint although in the 19th century it began to be used in the
pseudonyms of bards (usually where the official baptismal name was the English
name David; the name actually used within a family in such cases was Dafydd).
(delwedd 7447)
3
Capeldewi ‘(the) chapel (of) (saint)
David’ (capel = chapel) + (Dewi = David)
..1/ (SN6382) locality in the county of Ceredigion, 5km east of
Aberystwyth
..2/ (SN4542) locality in Ceredigion, 4km northeast of Llandysul
..3/ (SN4720) locality in the county of Caerfyrddin, 6km east of Caerfyrddin,
4 Dewi Ddyfrwr <DEU-i DHƏ-vrur>
[ˡdeʊɪ ˡðəvrʊr] ‘David water-man’, ‘David the water drinker’, an epithet given to the saint
because of his abstention from alcohol
5
Gŵyl Ddewi, also without soft
mutation Gŵyl Dewi (“(the)
feastday (of) David”) Saint David’s Day, the first of March; the national day
of Wales
6 Llanddewi (“(the)
church (of) David”), the name of a number of churches
7 Tyddewi (SM7525)
(“(the) house (of) David”, the monastery of David), name of a village in the
county of Penfro, where there is the cathedral of Saint David, and centre of
the south-western diocese
8 Ynys Dewi (SM7023)
(“(the) island (of) David”) an island 3km southwest of Penmaen Dewi, near
Tyddewi
English name: Ramsey Island
Swnt Dewi (“(the) strait (of)
David”) a strait between the Welsh mainland and the island called Ynys Dewi
English name: Ramsey Sound
9 Penmaen Dewi (SM7227)
headland in the county of Penfro, south-west Wales, near Tyddewi (“(the)
headland (of saint) David”) (pemaen
= headland, point, promontory) + (Dewi
= Saint David)
English name: Saint David’s Head
ETYMOLOGY: Dewi < Dewy < Dewydd < British < Latin Davîd-
NOTE: The form Dafydd (= David) is a
later borrowing from Latin)
:_______________________________.
Dewi Haran
<DEU-i HAA-ran> [ˡdɛʊɪ
ˡhɑˑran] (masculine noun)
1 the bardic name of David Evans (1812-1885)
See Clic y Bont (a group of poets
and musicians from Pont-y-pridd)
:_______________________________.
dewin <DEU-in> [ˡdɛʊɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL dewiniaid
<deu-IN-yai, -ed> [dɛʊˡɪnjaɪd,
-ɛd]
1 sorceror,
magician, wizard
Y Dewin name of a Welsh-language
restaurant in Aberystwyth in the nineteen-eighties
2
(Welsh Anthropology) village sorcerer, person who could break spells cast by
malevolent witches or sorcerors and who could cure certain diseases
3
conjuror = performer of tricks
4
wizard, genius = expert, person with a special talent
dewin geiriau a wizard with words, a
person who can write or talk in a fascinating manner
Mae’n ddewin am atgynhyrchu hen luniau
He’s a wizard at reproducing old photos
Byddai angen dewin i brofi hynny
It would take a genius to prove that (“there would be need of a wizard /
sorceror...”)
5
helfa ddewiniaid = witch hunt,
search for supposed witches in order to exterminate them and free people from
the ills they are said to have caused
6
llawddewin palmist, palm-reader (llaw = hand) + soft mutation + (dewin = sorceror)
ETYMOLOGY: dewin, dissimulated form
of diwin < British < Latin divînus (as in modern English “divine”)
< dîvus (= god), related to
another Latin word deus (= god)
:_______________________________.
dewindabaeth
<deu-in-DAA-baith, -eth> [dɛʊɪnˡdɑˑbaɪθ,
-ɛθ] feminine noun
1 divination
2
dewindabaeth adar (“divination (of)
birds”) augury, observation of the behaviour of birds to see if a proposed
action has the approval of the gods
ETYMOLOGY: (dewin = sorcerer) + (-dab, form of -deb = suffix for forming abstract nouns) + (-aeth = suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
dewiniaeth
<deu-IN-yaith, -eth> [dɛʊˡɪnjaɪθ,
-ɛθ] feminine noun
1 witchcraft,
sorcery
Lefiticus 20:27 Gwr neu wraig a fo
ganddynt ysbryd dewiniaeth, neu frud, hwy a leddir yn farw; â cherrig y
llabyddiant hwynt; eu gwaed fydd arnynt eu hunain
Leviticus 20:27 A man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit, or that is a
wizard, shall surely be put to death: they shall stone them with stones: their
blood shall be upon them.
Deuteronomium 18:10 Na chaffer ynot a
wnelo i’w fab, neu i’w ferch, fyned trwy y tân; neu a arfero ddewiniaeth, na
phlanedydd, na daroganwr, na hudol,
Deuteronomy 18:10 There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his
son or his daughter to pass through the fire, or that useth divination, or an
observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch
2 trwy
ddewiniaeth by means of sorcery
3
dewiniaeth ddu black
magic = magic for evil purposes through invoking malevolent spirits
ETYMOLOGY: (dewin = sorcerer) + (-iaeth, suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
dewis <DEU-is> [ˡdɛʊɪs] (verb)
1 to choose
:_______________________________.
dewis <DEU-is> [ˡdɛʊɪs] masculine
noun
PLURAL dewision <deu-IS-yon> [dɛʊɪsjɔn]
1 choice
dewis gwael a bad choice
2 choice = act of choosing
3 chocie = opportunity to choose
4 choice = person or thing chosen
5 choice = alternative action
bod gennych ddim dewis have no choice = be obliged
-Ydy e wdi talu’r arian? -Doedd ganddo ddim
dewis
-Has he paid the money? -He had no choice
does dim dewis 'da fi I’ve got no choice
sda fi ddim dewish I’ve got no choice
6 choice = range, supply from which sth may be chosen
dewis eang o a wide choice of
dewis eang o ddodrefn o ansawdd a wude choice of quality furniture
fawr o ddewis ar not many to choose from
does fawr o ddewis arnyn nhw
there aren't many to choose from
o’ch dewis eich hun by your own choice
Yr oedd, o’i ddewis ei hun, wedi gwrthod
rhoi’r gyfraith arno
By his own choice he’d refused to take him to court
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic < Indo-European *geus (=
taste, choose)
Cornish diwis (= choose), Breton divis (= choose)
From the same IE root: English choose,
Latin gustus (= taste)
NOTE: South Wales dewish
:_______________________________.
dewisiad <deu-IS-yad> [dɛʊˡɪsjad] masculine noun
PLURAL dewisiadau <deu-is-YAA-dai,
-e> [dɛʊɪsjˡɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 selection
ETYMOLOGY: (dewis = choice) + (-iad = suffix)
:_______________________________.
dewislen <deu-IS-len> [dɛʊˡɪslɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL dewislenni <deu-is-LE-ni> [dɛʊɪsˡlɛnɪ]
1 (computers) menu = list of options on a computer screen
y ddewislen = the menu
ETYMOLOGY: (dewis = to choose) +
soft mutation + (llen = sheet, piece
of paper)
:_______________________________.
Dewi Wyn o Esyllt <DEU-i WIN
o E-silht> [ˡdɛʊɪ
ˡwɪn ɔ ˡɛsɪɬt] (masculine
noun)
1 the bardic name of Thomas Essile Davies (1820-1891)
See Clic y Bont (a group of poets
and musicians from Pont-y-pridd)
:_______________________________.
dewr <DEUR> [dɛʊr] (adjective)
1 valient, brave
2 y dewr biau’r dydd (“the brave man has the day”)
faint heart never won fair lady
:_______________________________.
dewrder <DEUR-der> [ˡdɛʊrdɛr] (masculine
noun)
1 bravery
:_______________________________.
Y Deyrnas Gyfun <ə-DEIR-nas GƏ-vin> [ə ˡdəɪrnas ˡgəvɪn] feminine
noun
1 the United Kingdom = a short title for the English state
(Teyrnas Gyfun Prydain Fawr a Gogledd
Iwerddon – translation of ‘The United Kingom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland’)
Y Blaid Lafur yn rhybuddio y bydd Senedd
i Gymru yn rhwygo'r Deyrnas Gyfun
The Labour Party warns that a Welsh Parliament will split the United Kingdom
ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) +
soft mutation + (teyrnas = kingdom)
+ soft mutation + (cyfun = united)
NOTE: The abbreviation is D.G., y D.G.
An alternative name is Y Deyrnas Unedig
(abbreviation D.U, y D.U.)
:_______________________________.
D.G. <dee-EG> [deˑ ˡɛg] feminine
noun
1 initials of Y Deyrnas Gyfun
Equivalent to English “U.K”, the initials of “the United
Kingdom” = a short title for the English state
(Teyrnas Gyfun Prydain Fawr a Gogledd
Iwerddon – translation of ‘The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland’)
Post Brenhinol / Talwyd y Post / DG
Royal Mail / Postage Paid / UK. Inscription on the postal indicia of metered
stamps
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visitant una pàgina de la Web CYMRU-CATALONIA (= Gal·les-Catalunya)
Where am I? You
are visiting a page from the CYMRU-CATALONIA (= Wales-Catalonia) Website
Weə-r äm ai? Yüu äa-r víziting ə peij fröm dhə CYMRU-CATALONIA
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Adolygiad diweddaraf - latest update:
2008-10-01, 2005-10-24