A Welsh to English Dictionary in page format
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_gw_1042e.htm 09-08-2012
Yr
Hafan / Home Page
..........2659e Y Porth Saesneg / English
Gateway to this Website
.....................0010e Y Gwegynllun /
Siteplan
..............................0417e Geiriaduron / Dictionaries
........................................1813e
Geiriaduron yn Saesneg / Dictionaries in English
....................................................1818e
Y mynegai i'r geiriadur arlein hwn / Index to this online dictionary
.................................................................Y Tudalen Hwn
/ This Page
|
|
|
Gwefan
Cymru-Catalonia
|
(delw
4666) |
...
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
∆
gw- ›
In words derived from Common Celtic, initial gw in the British languages (Welsh, Cornish, Breton) corresponds to
an initial f in the Hibernian
languages (Irish, Scottish, Manx)
|
|
Welsh |
Irish |
|
|
greddf (=
instinct) (older Welsh gwreddf) |
fréamh (=
root) |
|
|
gwair (=
grass) |
feár (=
grass) |
|
|
gwared (=
riddance) |
fóir (=
help) |
|
|
gwas ‹ › (=
residence, mansion) |
fos (=
stopping, staying) |
|
|
gwasgod (=
shelter, shade) |
foscadh (=
shelter) |
|
|
gwasgu (=
squeeze, press, crush) |
fáisc (=
squeeze, press) |
|
|
gwastad (=
flat, even) |
fosaidh (=
steady, firm) |
|
|
gwaun (=
marshy land) |
fána (=
downward slope, hollow) |
|
|
gwawd (= ‹ › praise,
eulogy, song of praise; ‹ › scorn, derision) |
fáth (=
cause, reason) |
|
|
gwawl >
Y Wawl in Scotland, southern Roman
Wall between Gweryd (Forth) and Clud (Clyde) |
fál (=
hedge, fence) |
|
|
gwawr (=
dawn) |
fáir (= sunrise, dawn) (literary word) |
|
|
gwayw (=
ache, pain) |
fogha (=
dart, javelin) |
|
|
gwchi (=
wasp) |
foiche (=
wasp) |
|
|
gwe (=
spider’s web) |
fí (=
texture) |
|
|
gwedd (= yoke) |
feadhain [f’a:n’] (= company, group of people)
(apparently the original sense was yoke) |
|
|
gweili (=
empty) (older Welsh gweilydd) |
|
|
|
gwg (= frown; disapproval) |
fíoch (= anger, fury) |
|
|
gwern (= alder
trees) |
fearn
(alder tree; mast of a ship) |
|
|
gwerthyd
(= spindle) |
fearsaid
(= spindle, axle) |
|
|
gwledd (=
banquet, feast) |
fleá < fleadh (= banquet, feast) |
|
|
gŵr (=
man) |
fear (=
man) |
|
|
gwrug (=
heather) (now grug in standard Welsh,
but still gwrug in South Wales colloquial Welsh) |
fraoch (= heather) |
|
|
gŵydd (=
wild) |
fia (= deer, originally ‘wild animal’; wilderness) |
|
|
gwŷdd (=
trees) |
fiodh (=
wood - in the sense of ‘material’) |
|
|
gŵydd (element
in the word gwybod = to know <
*gwyddfod) |
fios (=
knowledge) |
|
|
gwyn (=
white) |
fionn (=
white) |
gw-
Forms with initial w- were historically always soft-mutated forms of gw- (gwasg = press, y wasg =
the press).
As a result some loans from English with initial w- developed an initial g
in Welsh as the radical form
gwal (plural gwelydd) = wall (though
wal is the usual radical form in
modern Welsh)
gwasgod = waistcoat
gwast = waist
gwidw = widow
Gwersyllt (SJ3152) locality in the county of Wrecsam. From the English name
Wershull (1315) apparently ‘gallows
hill’ (Llafar Gwlad, Haf 1985, Rhif 9)
Gwesbyr (SJ1183) locality in the
county of Y Fflint. Recorded in the year 1086 as Westberie (an English name = western farmstead; corresponds to
modern English west, and bury = in place names: fort)
Gwilym = William
We can also compare words of British origin which are similar to words in other
languages to see this initial g- in
Welsh
1) gwo- (= under, sub-, hypo-) (an
obsolete prefix, now generally go)
< British wo
Equivalent to English hypo- <
Greek hupo (this ‘p’ was lost in
Celtic equivalents)
2) gwerth (= value) cf. English worth (Note: despite the similarity in form, gwerth is not a borrowing from English worth)
3) gwydd (element = ‘knowing’, found
in gwybod = to know) related to
English wit (= intelligence)
Compare also Latin words which were borrowed into British (v was pronounced as u / w)
4) Latin venênum (= poison) >
Welsh gwenwyn (= poison)
5) Latin viridem (= green) > vir’d- > Welsh gwyrdd (= green)
:_______________________________.
gw-
1 In South-east Wales, in the tradional dialect
which was widely spoken a century ago but is now moribund, a couple of words which in the standard language begin
with chw- (chwarae and chwerw)
occur with gw-.
In the case of the word chwarae this
is similar to the Cornish word, though not the Breton form; and in the case of chwerw, this gw- is not found in Cornish.
(delwedd 7476)
(1) gwara
= standard Welsh chwarae (= to play;
a game) ;
Cornish gwari (= game; theatrical
play), Breton c’hoari (= to play)
(delwedd 7477)
(2) gwerw = standard Welsh chwerw (= sharp, bitter) ;
Cornish hwerow (= bitter), Breton c’hwerv (= bitter)
:_______________________________.
gwaad <GWAAD> [gwɑːd]
1
A proposed informal spelling for the southern pronunciation of gwaed (= blood)
Usually spelt gwâd / gwa’d in dialogues
See aa
:_______________________________.
gwääd <GWÄÄD> [gwääd]
1
A proposed informal spelling for the south-eastern pronunciation of gwaed (= blood)
Usually spelt gwêd / gwæd in dialogues
See aa
See gwaad
:_______________________________.
gwaath <GWAATH> [gwɑːθ]
1 A proposed informal
spelling for the southern pronunciation of gwaeth
(= worse)
Usually spelt gwâth / gwa’th in dialogues
See aa
:_______________________________.
gwääth <GWÄÄTH> [gwääθ]
1
A proposed informal spelling for the south-eastern pronunciation of gwaeth (= worse)
Usually spelt gwêth / gwæth
See aa
See gwaath
:_______________________________.
gwacâd <gwa-KAAD> [gwaˡkɑːd] masculine
noun
1 emptying, depletion
2 evacuation = (of an area) removal of people (from danger, etc)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaca-, stem of gwacáu = to empty) + (-ad suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwacáu <gwa-KAI> [gwaˡkaɪ] verb
1 empty
Gwacaodd y botel i lawr y sinc He
emptied the bottle down the sink
2 Physics Chemistry, pump out, create a vacuum
3 empty = become empty
Yn sgîl gwacáu’r capeli yng Nghymru...
As a consequence of the emptying (= fall in attendance of religious services)
of the chapels in Wales...
ETYMOLOGY: (gwag = empty) + (-hau suffix for forming verbs from
adjectives)
gwag-háu > gwacáu (the combination g +
h produces c)
NOTE: gwacáu is generally a southern
word; in the north gwagio and gwagu are used
(delwedd
7478)
:_______________________________.
gwachal <GWAA-khel> [ˡgwɑˑxɛl] verb
South-east Wales
1 (infinitive) avoid, beware, shun
2
(imperative) take care not to...!, mind you don’t (fall, etc)!
See: gochel (= beware)
(delwedd 7479)
:_______________________________.
gwachel <GWAA-khel> [ˡgwɑˑxɛl] verb
South-west Wales
1 (infinitive) avoid, beware, shun
2
(imperative) take care not to...!, mind you don’t (fall, etc)! (North Wales: tenda
is to be heard used in this sense)
See: gochel (= beware)
:_______________________________.
Gwachel Foddi <GWAA-khel
VOO-dhi> [ˡgwɑˑxɛl ˡvoˑðɪ] -
1 Colloquial name for the inn in central Pontardawe (county of
Castell-nedd ac Aberafan, south-east Wales); (“Mind you don’t drown”) (English
name: Pontardawe Inn)
:_______________________________.
gwachla <GWAKH-la> [ˡgwaxla] verb
South-west Wales
1 (imperative) take care not to...!, mind you don’t (fall, etc)!
See: gochel (= beware)
:_______________________________.
gwachlwch <GWAKH-lukh> [ˡgwaxlʊx] verb
South-west Wales
1 (imperative) take care not to...!, mind you don’t (fall, etc)!
See: gochel (= beware)
:_______________________________.
gwachlyd <GWAKH-lid> [ˡgwaxlɪd] verb
South-west Wales
1 (infinitive) avoid, beware, shun
See: gochel (= beware)
:_______________________________.
gwachul <GWAA-khil> [ˡgwɑˑxɪl] adjective
1 thin, gaunt, lean
2 weak, sickly
3 feeble, poor, substandard
Cwynent am iaith wachul y radio, llawn o ymadroddion Saesneg
They complained of the poor language of the radio, full of English
expressions
4 o’r gwych i’r gwachul from the sublime to the ridiculous
5 mynd trwy’r gwych a’r gwachul take the bitter with the sweet, have ups and downs (“go through the
splendid (period) and the lean (period)”)
ETYMOLOGY: gwachul < goachul (go intensifying suffix)+ (achul
= thin)
:_______________________________.
gwacsiol <GWAK-shol> [ˡgwakʃɔl] adjective
1
empty-headed
ETYMOLOGY: gwacsiol > gwagsiol (gwag = empty) + (siol =
head)
:_______________________________.
gwa’d <GWAAD> [gwɑːd]
1
usual informal spelling for the southern form of gwaed (= blood)
Also spelt (less correctly) gwâd
See aa and gwaad
:_______________________________.
gwadd, gwaddod
<GWAADH,
GWAA-dhod> [ˡgwɑːð,
gwɑˑðɔd] (feminine noun)
1 mole
y wadd the mole
cysgu fel gwadd sleep like a log,
sleep like a baby (“sleep like a mole”)
mynd i wlad y gwaddod die, kick the
bucket (“go to the land of the moles”)
bod mor ddall â’r wadd be as blind
as a bat (“be as blind as the mole”)
:_______________________________.
gwaddod <GWAA-dhod> [ˡgwɑˑðɔd] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaddodion
<gwa-DHOD-yon> [gwaˡðodjɔn]
1 sediment, dregs
2
llifwaddod alluvium, alluvial
deposit (llif = flow) + soft
mutation + (gwaddod = sediment)
3
adjective, sedimentary
creigiau gwaddod sedimentary rocks
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwaddod < gwaddawd < *gwoddawd < British *wo-dât-
From the same British root: Cornish godhes
(= sediment)
NOTE: In some places (eg Llanrhaeadr): addod
:_______________________________.
gwaddod <GWAA-dhod> [ˡgwɑˑðɔd]
1 Plural of gwadd (=
mole)
:_______________________________.
gwaddodi <gwa-DHOO-di> [ˡgwaðoˑdɪ] verb
1 precipate, settle,
leave a sediment
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaddod = sediment) + (-i suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwaddodlyd <gwa-DHOD-lid> [gwaˡðodlɪd] adjective
1 full of sediment,
dregs; feculent
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaddod = sediment) + (-lyd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwadn, gwadnau <GWADN, GWAD-nai, -e> [gwadn, gwadnaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
South Wales: gwaddan , plural gwandde (= gwaddnau) <GWAA-dhan> [ˡgwɑˑðan] <GWAN-dhai, -e> [ˡgwanðaɪ, -ɛ]
Also gwaddan > gwaddon in
the South
1 sole
2
inner sole, insole = insert in shoe
mewnwadn = inner sole, insole
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwadn < *gwodn <
British *wotn- < Celtic
South Wales:
1/ gwaddon < gwaddan < *gwaddn, from the plural
form gwaddneu < gwadneu
2/ Plural gwandde (= gwaddnau) < gwaddne < gwaddneu < gwadneu
From the same British root: Cornish gwodn
NOTE: South Wales (metathesis DD-N > N-DD)
gwaddne (soles of a shoe / boot > gwandde and Rhoddne >
Rhonnde, Rhondda
Cf the river name Llynfi, originally Llyfni, and Dynfant <
Dyfnant showing metathesis V-N > N-V)
:_______________________________.
gwadu
<GWAA-di> [ˡgwɑˑdɪ] (verb)
1
deny
2
gwadu rhywbeth yn grwn ac ar groes
completely deny something (“roundly and across”)
gwadu rhywbeth ar ei ben completely
deny something
:_______________________________.
gwae <gwai> [gwaɪ] (masculine
noun) (obsolete)
1
woe (obsolete, except in exclamations)
gwae fi! <gwai-VII> [gwaɪ ˡviː]
(phrase) woe is me!
:_______________________________.
gwaed <GWAID> [gwaɪd] (masculine
noun)
1
blood
Mae drygioni yng ngwaed y teulu
Delinquency runs in the family (“badness is in the blood of the family”)
2
rhoddwr gwaed blood donor
3
bod am waed (rhywun) be out to get
somebody, be after somebody’s blood (USA: be gunning for somebody); be angry
with someone and to be looking for the person to inflict a punishment (“to be
for / to be wanting the blood of somebody”)
Mae e am dy waed di He’s out for
your blood
4
gwaetgar bloodthirsty
gwaetgar < gwáed-gar (gwaed =
blood) + (-gar suffix for forming
adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru
= to love)
NOTE: South Wales gwaed <GWAID> [gwaɪd]> gwa’d <GWAAD> [gwɑːd]
:_______________________________.
gwaedd, gwaeddau <GWAIDH,
GWEI-dhai, -dhe>
[ˡgwaɪð,
ˡgwəɪðaɪ, -ðɛ] (feminine
noun)
1
shout
y waedd the shout
:_______________________________.
gwaedlif <GWEID-liv> [ˡgwəɪdlɪv] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaedlifau <gweid-LII-vai, -e> [gwəɪdˡliˑvaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 haemorrhage
ETYMOLOGY: “blood-flow” (gwaed
= blood ) + soft mutation + ( llif = flow)
:_______________________________.
gwaedlyd <GWEID-lid> [ˡgwəɪdlɪd] (adj)
1 bloody
Y Nant Waedlyd Name of a brook in Caer-dydd
‘bloody brook / stream’
(nant = brook, stream) + soft mutation + (gwaedlyd = bloody)
Y Rhyd Waedlyd Name of a former ford in Caer-dydd
‘bloody ford’
(rhyd = ford) + soft mutation + (gwaedlyd
= bloody)
The second element however is unlikely to be gwaedlyd, and seems to have
replaced another word to make the name more picturesque.
John Hobson Matthews
(Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911):
“The great battle between the Welsh and Norman forces on Cardiff Heath
is supposed to have an echo in the names Nant Waedlyd (Bloody Brook) and Rhyd
Waedlyd (Bloody Ford) which still remain in that locality. The word Waedlyd
is there, however, commonly pronounced "Watla." ”
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaed = blood
) + (-lyd = adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwaed yr ael <gwaid ər AIL> [gwaɪd ər ˡaɪl] (adjective)
1 (North) covered in blood
ETYMOLOGY: A remodelled word, now as if meaning “blood of the brow / forehead”
(gwaed = blood) + (yr definite article) + (ael = brow,
forehead).
In fact, gwaed yr ael < gwaedryal < gwaedryar
:_______________________________.
gwael <GWAIL> [gwaɪl] (adjective)
1
bad; poor (= unsatisfactory, substandard, bad)
ansawdd gwael bad quality
arferion bwyta gwael bad eating habits
cael adwaith gwael i suffer / have an adverse reaction to
cael diwrnod gwael have a bad day
canlyniadau gwael poor results
dull gwael o wneud rhywbeth a poor method of doing something
iechyd gwael bad health
dewis gwael a bad choice
medrau gwael poor skills
mynd yn hen beth gwael become a tawdry affair
peth gwael a bad thing
gwasanaeth gwael bad service
safon glendid gwael poor standard of cleanliness
safon hylendid gwael poor standard of hygiene
tai gwael poor houses, poor housing
tywydd gwael bad weather
2 collwr gwael bad loser, person who cannot accept defeat or loss
3
dod allan ohoni’n wael come out of
it badly
4
mewn cyflwr gwael in a serious
condition, very poorly, in a pretty bad way, in quite a bad state, in bad shape
(health) (mewn = in) + (cyflwr = condition, state) + (gwael = bad)
5
gwaelach waelach (“worse-worse”)
increasingly ill, worse and worse (in health)
mynd yn waelach waelach get worse and worse
Ond yn lle dod yn well mynd yn waelach waelach a wnaeth
But instead of getting better he got worse and worse (“[it is] get worse
and worse that he did”)
:_______________________________.
*gwael <GWAIL> [gwaɪl] (m)
1
obsolete word for wolf, corresponding to Irish faol (= wolf).
It occurs in the compound gweilgi (= ocean, originally wolf)
ETYMOLOGY: gwael < British <
Celtic *wai-los ‘howler, animal
which howls’ < *wai- (= howl)
NOTE: gwaelgi is literally “wolf dog” (*gwael = wolf) + soft mutation + (ci = dog); gweilgi [ˡgwəɪlgɪ] is a
respelling of gwaelgi [ˡgwəɪlgɪ]
:_______________________________.
gwaelbeth <GWEIL-beth> [ˡgwəɪlbɛθ] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaelbethau
<gweil-BEE-thai, -e> [gwəɪlˡbeˑθaɪ, -ɛ]
1 shoddy product, shoddy piece of work, bad
thing
ETYMOLOGY: “bad-thing” (gwael = bad) + soft mutation + (peth = thing )
:_______________________________.
gwaeledd <GWEI-ledh> [ˡgwƏɪlɛð] masculine noun
1 illness
Bu’n rhaid iddo roi gorau i’w gwaith oherwydd gwaeledd
He had to give up his job because of illness
2 final illness
Diolch i ffrindiau a chymdogion am eu
cefnogaeth yn ystod gwaeledd Dewi
Thanks to friends and neighbours for their support during Dewi’s illness
ETYMOLOGY: (gwael = bad; ill) (-edd
suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwäell / gwaell <GWAA-elh,
GWAILH> [ˡgwɑˑɛɬ,
gwaɪɬ]
PLURAL: gwëyll, gweill, gweillion <GWEE-ilh,
GWEILH, GWEILH-yon>
[gweˑɪɬ,
gwəɪɬ, ˡgwəɪɬjɔn] (feminine or masculine noun)
1
knitting needle
y wäell, y gwäell the knitting
needle
2 gwäell ў ffêr / gweўllen
ў ffêr Achilles tendon (“needle of the ankle”)
:_______________________________.
gwaelod,
gwaelodion <GWEI-lod,
gwei-LOD-yon> [ˡgwəɪlɔd,
gwəɪˡlodjɔn] (masculine
noun)
1
bottom
2 ar waelod <ar
WEI-lod> [ar ˡwəɪlɔd] (preposition) at the bottom of; at the end of
ar waelod y rhestr at the bottom of
the list
ar waelod yr ardd at the bottom of
the garden
3 cyrraedd
y gwaelod eitha’ un reach rock bottom, hit
rock bottom (“reach the extreme bottom”)
4 gwaelodion = sediment
(Morwriaeth) gwaelodion llong bilge;
bilge water; = filth which collects in the bottom of a boat (“sediment(s) (of)
ship”)
dŵr gwaelodion bilge water
5 diwaelod bottomless
y pydew diwaelod the bottomless pit
Datguddiad 20:3 Ac a'i bwriodd ef i'r pydew diwaelod, ac a
gaeodd arno, ac a seliodd arno ef, fel na thwyllai efe'r cenhedloedd mwyach,
nes cyflawni'r mil o flynyddoedd: ac ar ôl hynny rhaid yw ei ollwng ef yn rhydd
dros ychydig amser.
Revelation 20:3 And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set
a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand
years should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season
:_______________________________.
Gwaelod-y-garth ‹GWEI-lod ə GARTH› [ˡgwəɪlɔd
ə ˡgarθ]
1 village in Caer-dydd / Cardiff county (since
1996)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/87713
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically
representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great
Britain and Ireland…”)
2 farm in Merthyrtudful
ETYMOLOGY: “(the)
bottom (of) Y Garth”
(gwaelod = bottom) + (Y Garth name of a
hill)
(y definite article) + (garth = hill)
:_______________________________.
gwaered ‹GWEI-red› [ˡgwəɪrɛd]
PLURAL: gwaeredydd<gwe-REE-didh
> [gwəɪˡreˑdɪð] (masculine
noun)
1
slope
Variants are gwared, (south-east) gwered
2 (Ceredigion) gwared steep slope
3 i wared downwards, downhill
NOTE: gwaered > gwared through the simplification of the diphthong ae
‹EI›
[əɪ] > a ‹A› [a]
:_______________________________.
gwaetgar <GWEIT-gar> [ˡgwəɪtgar] adjective
1
bloodthirsty
ETYMOLOGY: gwaetgar < gwáed-gar (gwaed = blood) + (-gar
suffix for forming adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru = to love)
:_______________________________.
gwaetgi <GWEIT-gi> [ˡgwəɪtgɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaetgwn
<GWEIT-gun> [ˡgwəɪtgʊn]
1 bloodhound = large dog with an acute sense of
smell used in tracking
Gwaetgwn Gwent (former) nickname for
the inhabitants of Gwent (“(the) bloodhounds (of) Gwent”)
ETYMOLOGY: “blood-dog” gwaetgi < gwaed-gi (gwaed = blood) + soft mutation + (ci = dog)
gwaetgi < gwaed-gi (gwaed = blood)
+ soft mutation + (ci = dog, hound)
:_______________________________.
gwaeth <GWAITH> [gwaɪθ] (adjective)
1
worse
2 mewn gwaeth cўflwr in a worse
state
Ўr oedd ў tŷ newўdd ar ў
prўd mewn llawer gwaeth cўflwr na’r hen dy
At the time the new house was in a far worse state then the old house
3 ni waeth... it does not matter...
ni waeth pa mor... no matter how... > waeth pa mor...
Waeth pa mor gўflym ў rhedwch, ‘ddaliwch chi mohono No
matter how fast you run, you won’t catch him
y diwrnod hwnnw aethom i _____, wel, ni waeth i
ba le, i holi hanes y Cymry yno
That day we went to _______, well, it does
not matter to where, to ask about the Welsh people there
4
Po hynaf y dyn, gwaeth ei bwyll The older
a man is, the less sense he has; No fool like an old fool (“the older the man,
worse his reason” )
5 newid er gwaeth a change for the worse
newid er gwaeth to change for the worse
6
gwaethwaeth worse and worse
mynd yn waethwaeth get worse and
worse (gwaeth = worse) + soft
mutation + (gwaeth = worse )
:_______________________________.
gwaethaf
(‘gwaetha’) [ˡgwəɪθav, ˡgwəɪθa] (adjective)
1
worst (superlative of drwg = bad)
2 ar waethaf = in spite
of
ar eich gwaethaf in spite of
yourself
bod wedi eich denu at rywbeth ar eich
gwaetha be irresistibly attracted to something (“be after your attracting
towards something on your worst”)
3 cael y gwaethaf ohoni
come out of it badly
4 o’r math gwaethaf of
the worst sort
cnaf o’r math gwaethaf the worst of
rogues, a rogue of the first order
5
po hynaf y dyn, gwaethaf ei bwyll
> po hyna’r dyn, gwaetha’i bwyll
the older a man is, the less sense he has, no fool like an old fool (“the older
the man, worse his reason” )
:_______________________________.
gwaetha’r modd
<gwei-thar MOODH> [ˡgwəɪθar moːð]
(adverb)
1
unfortunately
ETYMOLOGY: gwaetha’r modd < gwaethaf y modd “(it-is) worst the manner” (gwaethaf = worst, superlative
form of drwg = bad) + (y definite article) + (modd = manner, way, means)
_________________________.
gwaeth eich cўfarth na’ch brath <GWAITH əkh KƏ-varth nakh BRAATH> [ˡgwaɪθ
əx ˡkƏvarθ nɑx ˡbrɑːθ]
1 your bark
is worse than your bite; a person’s angry words are worse than any action he may
do, a person can be very angry but he won’t really carry out any threats he
makes (she) gwaeth ei chўfarth na’i brath (he) gwaeth ei
gўfarth na’i frath
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaeth = worse) + (eich
= your) + (cўfarth = bark) + (na = than) + (eich) +
(brath = bark)
:_______________________________.
gwaeth-waeth <gwaith-WAITH> [gwaɪθˡwaɪθ] adjective
1
worse and worse
mynd yn waeth-waeth get worse and
worse
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaeth = worse) + soft
mutation + (gwaeth = worse )
:_______________________________.
gwaethygu
<gwei-THƏ-gi> [gwəɪˡθəgɪ] (verb)
1
get worse, deteriorate
:_______________________________.
gwag, gweigion
<GWAAG,
GWEIG-yon> [gwɑːg,
ˡgwəɪgjɔn]
(adjective)
1
empty
2 (chair, seat) free, vacant, empty,
unoccupied
Odi’r sedd ’ma’n wag? Is this seat free? Is this seat going free?Is
anybody sitting in this seat?
:_______________________________.
gwagbacio <gwag-BAK-yo> [gwagˡbakjɔ] verb
1 to vacuum-pack,
to vacuumize
wedi ei gwagbacio vacuum-packed
(with a feminine noun)
wedi ei wagbacio vacuum-packed (with
a masculine noun)
reis wedi ei wagbacio vacuum-packed rice
wedi eu gwagbacio vacuum-packed
(with a plural noun)
penwaig mwg wedi ei gwagbacio
vacuum-packed smoked herrings, vacuum-packed smoked kippers
ETYMOLOGY: (gwag = empty) + soft
mutation + (pacio = to pack)
:_______________________________.
gwahân
<gwa-HAAN> [gwaˡhɑːn] (masculine
noun) (obsolete) (adverb) separation;
ar wahân = separately <ar-wa-HAAN> [ar waˡhɑːn]
:_______________________________.
gwahanglaf [gwaˡhaŋglaf] masculine noun
PLURAL gwahangleifion
<gwa-han-GLEIV-yon> [gwahaŋˡgləɪvjɔn]
1 leper = person with leprosy
ETYMOLOGY: (gwahan- = different,
separate ) + soft mutation + ( claf
= sick person)
gwahanglwyf <gwa-HAN-gluiv> [gwahaŋˡglʊɪv] masculine noun
1
(Elephantiasis graecorum) leprosy
2
(Bible) skin disease (references in the Bible are probably to various skin
ailments )
Lefiticus 13:49 Os gwyrddlas neu goch
fydd yr anafod yn y dilledyn, neu yn y croen, neu yn yr ystof, neu yn yr anwe, neu
mewn dim o groen; pla’r gwahanglwyf yw efe; a dangoser ef i’r offeiriad
Leviticus 13:49 And if the plague be greenish or reddish in the garment, or in
the skin, either in the warp or in the woof, or anything of skin; it is a
plague of leprosy and shall be showed unto the priest
ETYMOLOGY (gwahan- = different,
separate ) + soft mutation + ( clwyf
= wound)
:_______________________________.
gwahaniaeth,
gwahaniaethau <gwa-HAN-yaith, -yeth; gwa-han-YEI-thai, -the> [gwaˡhanjaɪθ, gwaˡhanjɛθ, gwahanˡjəɪθaɪ, -θɛ] (masculine noun)
1
difference
2
os nad oes
gwahaniaeth gennych chi if you don’t mind
“if there isn’t any difference with you” (os
= if) + (nad = no, not) + (oes = is) + (gwahaniaeth = difference) + (gennych
chi = with you)
NOTE: South Wales: gwahanieth > gwa’nieth (gwanieth)
:_______________________________.
gwahaniaethol <gwa-han-YEI-thol> [gwahanˡjƏɪθɔl] adjective
1 distinctive, distinguishing,
differential
cyfradd wahaniaethol = differential
rate
toll wahaniaethol = differential
duty
2 discriminatory
anwahaniaethol nondiscriminatory
ETYMOLOGY: (gwahaniaeth = difference) + (-ol = suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwahaniaethu <gwa-han-YEI-thi> [gwahanˡjƏɪθɪ] (verb)
1 differentiate
2 discriminate
gwahaniaethu ar sail rhyw sexual
discrimination
:_______________________________.
gwahanol <gwa-HAA-nol> [gwaˡhɑˑnɔl] (adjective)
1 different
2 Maen nhw mor wahanol â mêl a menyn
They’re as different as chalk and cheese (“as different as honey and butter”)
:_______________________________.
gwahardd <GWA-hardh> [ˡgwaharð] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaharddau, gwaharddon <gwa-HAR-dhau, -dhe, gwa-HAR-dhon> [ˡgwaharðaɪ,
-ɛ, gwaharðɔn]
NOTE:
South Wales gwardd; cf
gwahaniaeth > gwa’nieth / gwanieth
1 restriction, prohibition
bod gwahardd ar be prohibited (“be a
prohibition on”)
2 control
cadw gwardd ar to keep control of,
to control (e.g. children)
Does dim gwardd ar y plentyn The child has no discipline (“there is no
prohibition / control on the child”)
3 suspension = barring, exclusion
gwahardd aelod (parliament)
suspension of a member
4 Y Gwahardd The Prohibition,
the USA law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages in force from 1920 to
1933
5 cyfnod y Gwahardd Prohibition,
the Prohibition period = the period from when the sale of alcoholic beverages
was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional amendment
ETYMOLOGY: from the verb gwahardd =
to prohibit
:_______________________________.
gwahardd <GWA-hardh> [ˡgwaharð] verb
NOTE: South Wales gwardd
1 prohibit, disallow, forbid, ban
gwahardd rhywun i wneud rhywbeth
forbid somebody to do something
gwahardd rhywun rhag gwneud rhywbeth
forbid somebody to do something
gwaharddwyd ni rhag siarad amdani we
were forbidden to speak about it
2 gwahardd (rhywun) o’i waith dros
dro suspend (someone) from a job (“prohibit someone from his job
temporarily”)
gwahardd (rhywun) o’r brifysgol dros dro
rusticate = suspend temporarily from a college or university (“prohibit someone
from the university temporarily”)
3 gwahardd rhag gyrru suspend from driving
gwahardd rhag dreifio suspend from
driving
Fe’i gwaharddwyd rhag dreifio am bum
mlynedd
He was banned from driving for five years
4 gwaherddir ysmygu smoking
prohibited (“it-is-prohibited + smoking”)
5 cael eich gwahardd (football)
be banned = be suspended from playing in football matches
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
gwaharddeb <gwa-HAR-dheb> [gwaˡharðɛb] feminine noun
PLURAL gwaharddebau
<gwa-har-DHEE-bai, -e> [gwaharˡðeˑbaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 injunction = order issued by a court to
prevent somebody doing something
y gwaharddeb the injunction
ETYMOLOGY: (gwahardd- stem of gwahardd = to prohibit) + (-eb suffix, indicating some kind of
document)
:_______________________________.
gwaharddiad <gwa-HARDH-yad> [gwaˡharðjad] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaharddiadau
<gwa-hardh-YAA-de> [gwaharðˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 prohibition, ban; veto, embargo; interdict
bod gwaharddiad ar be a ban on
Yn y cartref henoed mae gwaharddiad ar
siarad Cymráeg
In the old people’s home speaking Welsh is banned “there’s a prohibition on
speaking Welsh”
ETYMOLOGY: (gwahardd-, stem of gwaharddu = to prohibit) + (-iad, suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwaherddir <gwa-HER-dhir> [ˡgwahɛrðɪr]
1 it is prohibited
Gwaherddir ysmygu Smoking prohibited
Gwaherddir ei atgynhyrchu
Reproduction prohibited
ETYMOLOGY: present passive; (gwahardd-,
stem of gwahardd = to prohibit) + (-ir present passive termination). The i causes a change in the vowel in the
tonic syllable a > e
:_______________________________.
gwahodd
<GWAA-hodh> [ˡgwɑˑhɔð]
(verb)
1
to invite
:_______________________________.
gwahoddiad,
gwahoddiadau <gwa-HODH-yad,
gwa-hodh-YAA-dai, -e> [gwaˡhɔðjad, gwahɔðˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
invitation
ETYMOLOGY: (gwahodd--, stem of gwahodd = to invite) + (-iad noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwain <GWAIN> [gwaɪn] feminine noun
PLURAL gweiniau <GWEIN-yai, -ye> [ˡgwəɪnjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 sheath
y wain the sheath
3 Rho dy dwca yn ei gwain
Put a sock in it, Shut your trap, Shut up (“put your knife in its sheath”)
ffitio fel gwain am dwca
be a perfect fit, fit like a glove (“fit like a sheath round a knife”)
2 scabbard = sheath for a sword
gwain addurniedig ynghlwm wrth ei wregys
a decorated sheath attached to his belt
3vagina
4 nut (of a screw)
5 Sometimes (usually in an English-language context) gwain is a misspelling of gwaun = heath, moor; moor field
E.g. “Pen-y-Wain Lane”, “Pen-y-Wain Road”, “Pen-y-Wain Place” in Caer-dydd,
named after the former Pen-y-waun farm
(“moor end”, “end of the moor field”). (Correctly: Lôn Pen-y-waun, Heol
Pen-y-waun, Maes Pen-y-waun)
6 gweinio sheathe = place
a knife in a sheath, a sword in a scabbard, etc (gwein- < gwain =
sheath) + (-io suffix for forming
verbs)
7 dadweinio unsheathe,
draw (dad- = negative prefix) + soft
mutation + (gweinio = sheathe)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwain < gwein < gwe-in < British < Latin vagîna
(= sheath, vagina)
From the same British root:
Cornish goen (= sheath, vagina),
Breton gouin (= sheath, vagina)
:_______________________________.
gwair, gweiriau <GWAIR,
GWEIR-yai, -ye> [gwaɪr, ˡgwəɪrjaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 hay, grass
2 cae gwair hay meadow
3 lladd gwair <lhaadh GWAIR> [ɬɑːð
ˡgwaɪr] cut hay, cut grass
4 (Philaenus
spumarius) llyffant y gwair froghopper (“(the)
frog (of) the grass”)
:_______________________________.
gwair
1 obsolete element meaning ‘turn’, ‘bend’, ‘circle’ found in a number of
compound words in modern Welsh
anniwair (= unchaste) < diwair
Caer-weir Durham, English city
situated in a bend of the river Wear.
Origin: (caer = fortress) + (Gweir, older form of gwair).
The river name is of British origin, and probably gets its name from the river
bends where Durham is situated.
cellwair (= a joke, to joke)
cyniwair (= to frequent, to
gather)
diwair (= chaste)
genwair (= fishing rod)
Gwerful (= woman’s name,
historically Gweirful)
mynwair (= torque, wreath,
horse collar)
ETYMOLOGY: gwair < gweir < British
:_______________________________.
..1 gwaith, gweithiau <GWAITH, GWEITH-yai, -ye> [gwaɪθ,
ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -jɛ] (masculine noun)
1
work, activity
bod at eich clustiau mewn gwaith be up
to one’s eyes in work (“be to your ears in work”)
ymroddi eich holl egni i’r gwaith o (wneud rhywbeth) devote all one’s efforts to (doing something)
Does dim gwaith yn eich croen chi You’re workshy; You’re bone lazy
(“there’s no work in your skin”)
esgidiau gwaith work shoes
bod dan faich trwm o waith be snowed
under with work (“be under a heavy burden of work”)
torri cefn y gwaith break the back
of the work
2 work = an occupation for which you receive payment
cael gwaith hawdd get a cushy job
3 gweithgar
(adjective) diligent, industrious
gweithio (verb) to work
gweithiwr, gweithwyr (masculine noun) worker
4
works = factory
gwaith alcam tin mine, stannary, (also tinworks)
ardal gweithiau alcam stannery
(“district (of) tinworks”)
gwaith tùn tinworks
gwaith chwalu carthion sewage works,
sewage farm (“work / works (of) destroying excrements”)
5
works = mine
gwaith alcam <gwaith AL-kam> [gwaɪθ ˡalkam] tin mine, stannary, (also tinworks)
ardal gweithiau alcam stannery
(“district (of) tinworks”)
gwaith glo mine
gwaith glo brig (Englandic: opencast
mine) (USA: strip mine) (“mine (of) outcrop coal”)
6 Gwaith Coed <gwaith KOID> [gwaɪθ ˡkɔɪd]
(school subject) woodwork
Gwaith Metel
(school
subject) metalwork
7
gwaith dosbarth
class
work, work done in class in a school
8 difficult task
Fe gaiff e waith dal i fyny He’ll
have a bit of a job to catch up
Cўthraul o waith yw e It’s a devil of a job, It’s one devil of a job
(“(it-is”) (a) devil of (a) job that-is it”)
9 Eitha
gwaith iti! Tough shit, hard cheese, hard lines, hard luck (“extreme + work
+ to you”)
10 as a second element in a compound word: (= work, deed, action;
product)
..a/ anfadwaith atrocity, evil deed,
foul play, crime (anfad = atrocious
) + soft mutation + ( gwaith = act,
work )
..b/ erchyllwaith atrocity,
atrocities (erchyll- < erchyll =
horrible ) + soft mutation + ( gwaith
= act)
..c/ crochenwaith (see below)
..d/ gleinwaith (see below)
..e/ metelwaith metalwork, object or
objects made of metal
..f/ rhwydwaith network (a literal translation of the English word (net + work)
..g/ trymwaith toil, hard work (trym- penult-syllable form of trwm = ) + soft mutation + (gwaith = work)
11
work = objects, craftwork; in compound nouns
crochenwaith pottery
gleinwaith beadwork (glein-, penult syllable form of glain = bead) + soft mutation + (gwaith = work)
12 (sign)
“Gwaith ar y Ffordd”
(phrase)
(roadworks, road up) (“work on the road”)
13 ar fy ngwaith yn... (phrasal
conjunction) (“during my action ...-ing”) as, during the time that
ar dy waith as you... / ar ei waith as he... / ar ei gwaith as she... / ar ein gwaith as we... / ar eich gwaith as you... / ar eu gwaith as they...
ar fy ngwaith yn myned i siop
gyfferiau Morddal as I was
going into Morddal’s drugstore
14 “activity” (in speaking of the time taken to go a specified distance)
Bu rhaid cerdded i fўnў’r allt bob bore, gwaith rhўw ddeg
munud.
We had to walk up the hill every morning, which took about ten minutes (“an
activity (f) some ten minutes”)
:_______________________________.
..2 gwaith,
gweithiau <GWAITH, GWEITH-yai, -ye> [gwaɪθ,
ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -jɛ] (feminine noun)
1 time, occasion
bod
bumgwaith gymaint â be five
times the size of
unwaith once
dwywaith / ddwywaith twice
teirgwaith / deirgwaith three times
pedair gwaith / bedair gwaith four times
pumgwaith / bumgwaith five times
sawl gwaith (adverbial) many a time
sawl gwaith? (adverbial) how many times?
faint o weithiau? (adverbial) how many times?
ambell waith sometimes
:_______________________________.
gwaith cartref
(“cartre”) <gwaith KAR-trev, KAR-tre> [ˡgwaɪθ ˡkartrɛv, ˡkartrɛ] masculine noun
1 homework = school exercises for preparing at
home;
Gwna dy waith cartre! Do your
homework!
2 homework = preparatory work for a meeting, speech, interview, etc
ETYMOLOGY: “work (of) home”, translation of English homework
:_______________________________.
gwaith
dosbarth <gwaith DO-sparth> [ˡgwaɪθ ˡdɔsparθ]
1 class work, work done in class in a school
:_______________________________.
gwaith dur <gwaith-DIIR> [ˡgwaɪθ ˡdiːr]masculine noun
PLURAL gweithiau
dur <GWEITH-yai, -ye DIIR> [ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -jɛ ˡdiːr]
1 steelworks, steel mill
ETYMOLOGY: (“work (of) steel”) (gwaith
= work, works, factory) + (dur = steel)
:_______________________________.
gwaith ffordd masculine noun
NOTE: Also gwaith ar ffordd (“work
on road”)
1 road works = the repairing of a road surface, or the installing or
maintenance of pipes or cables under the road
2 (sign) “Gwaith ar y Ffordd”
<gwaith ar ə FORDH> [ˡgwaɪθ
ar ə ˡfɔrð] (roadworks, road up) (“work on the road”)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaith = work) + (ffordd = road)
:_______________________________.
gwaith glo masculine noun
PLURAL gweithiau
glo <GWEITH-ye-GLO> [ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -ɛ ˡgloː]
1 coal mine, coal
pit (“work (of) coal”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“work (of) coal”) (gwaith
= work, works, factory) + (glo =
coal)
:_______________________________.
gwaith glo brig <gwaith gloo BRIIG> [ˡgwaɪθ
gloː ˡbriːg]masculine noun
PLURAL gweithiau
glo brig <GWEITH-yai, -ye gloo BRIIG> [ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -jɛ gloː
ˡbriːg]
1 (USA: strip mine)
(Englandic: opencast workings, opencast pit)
ETYMOLOGY: (“work (of) coal (of) top”) (gwaith
= work, works, factory) + (glo brig
= surface coal)
:_______________________________.
gwal / wal, gwaliau / waliau / gwelydd
<GWAL / WAL, GWAL-yai, -ye, WAL-yai,
-ye,GWEE-lidh> [gwal, wal; ˡgwaljaɪ,
-ɛ, ˡwaljaɪ, -ɛ, , ˡgweˑlɪð] (feminine noun)
1
wall
y wal the wall
:_______________________________.
gwâl, gwalau <GWAAL,
GWAA-le> [ˡgwɑːl, ˡgwɑˑlaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1
den, lair, kennel
y wâl the den, the lair
gwâl ysgyfarnog hare's form, the bed
of a hare shaped by its body
Gwâl y Filiast (qv) “the greyhound
bitch’s lair / den / kennel” (name given to various burial chambers)
Gwâl-yr-hwch (qv)
gwâl blaidd a wolf’s den
2 cipio cneuen o wâl ў blaidd beard (= oppose) the lion in
his den; confront someone (“take (a) hazelnut (from) (the) den (of ) the wolf”)
:_______________________________.
gwalch, gweilch
<GWALKH, GWEILKH> [gwalx, gwəɪlx] (masculine noun)
1
hawk
2
scoundrel
Daeth rhўw walch i wўbod ў peth, a thўnnodd
un o’r ffwrwmau i ffwrdd
Some scoundrel got to hear about the thing, and he moved one of the benches
away
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_testunau/sion_prys_024_taith_americanaidd_1843_0961k.htm
Taith Americanaidd 1843
:_______________________________.
Gwalchmai
<GWALKH-mai> n [ˡgwalxmaɪ] (feminine noun)
1 SH3976 Village in the county of
Môn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=338856
:_______________________________.
Gwalchmai <GWALKH-mai> n [ˡgwalxmaɪ] masculine
noun
1 Bardic name of Richard Parry
(1803-1897), poet, born in Llannerch-y-medd (county of Ynys Môn), a descendant
on his mother’s side of the poet Gwalchmai ab Meilir, of Drefeilir, from whom
he took his bardic name
See Hen Arweinwyr Eisteddfodau / Daniel Williams / Llyfrau Pawb 12 / 1944
:_______________________________.
gwalch y penwaig <GWALKH
ə PEN-waig> [ˡgwalx ə ˡpɛnwaɪg] masculine noun
PLURAL gweilch y
penwaig <GWEILKH
ə PEN-waig> [ˡgwəɪlx ə ˡpɛnwaɪg]
1 (Alca torda) =
razorbill
Standard name: llurs
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) falcon (of) the herrings” (gwalch = falcon) + (y
definite article) + (penwaig, plural
of pennog = herring)
:_______________________________.
gwalch y pysgod [ˡgwalx ə ˡpəskɔd]
masculine noun
PLURAL gweilch y
pysgod [ˡgwəɪlx ə ˡpəskɔd]
1 Pandion haliaetus osprey
Nid oes gan walch ў pўsgod unrhўw elўn
naturiol
The osprey has no natural enemy
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hawk (of)
the fish” (gwalch = hawk) + (ў
definite article) + (pysgod = fish)
:_______________________________.
gwaled,
gwaledi <GWAA-led,
gwa-LEE-di> [ˡgwɑˑlɛd, gwaˡleˑdɪ] (feminine noun)
1 wallet
y waled the wallet
Nowadays usually waled (qv)
:_______________________________.
gwall, gwallau <GWALH,
GWA-lhai -lhe> [gwaɬ, ˡgwaɬaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 error, mistake
bod ўn
llawn gwallau be full of errors
bod ўn
llawn gwallau iaith be full of errors of language
:_______________________________.
gwallgof (gwallgo’) <GWALH-gov,
GWALH-go> [ˡgwaɬgɔv,
ˡgwaɬgɔ] (adjective)
1 mad = insane
bod yn ynfyd wallgo’ be furious, be
hopping mad
mynd yn ynfyd wallgo’ get furious
(“go insane mad”)
:_______________________________.
gwallgofrwydd <gwalh-GOV-ruidh> [gwaɬˡgɔvrʊɪð] masculine noun
1 madness, lunacy
pwl o wallgofrwydd fit of madness, attack
of madness, moment of madness
Dўwedir fod ў ffin rhwng athrўlith a gwallgofrwўdd
ўn denau iawn
It is said that the line
(“border”) between genius and madness is very thin
ETYMOLOGY: (gwallgof = mad) + (-rwydd suffix for forming abstract
nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwallt,
gwalltiau <GWALHT,
GWALHT-ye> [ˡgwaɬt, gwaɬtjaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 hair; head of hair
2 cael gwneud eich gwallt have a
hair-do (“get (the) doing (of) your hair”)
cael trin eich gwallt have a hair-do
(“get (the) treating (of) your hair”)
cael torri eich gwallt have a
haircut / hair-do (“get (the) cutting (of) your hair”)
3 Mae ei wallt yn donnau His
hair is wavy (“his hair is (in the form of) waves”)
4 eurwallt golden hair (eur-
penutimate-syllable form of aur =
gold) + soft mutation + (gwallt =
hair)
:_______________________________.
Gwallter
<GWALH-ter> [ˡgwaɬtɛr] (masculine
noun)
1 Walter
:_______________________________.
gwallus
<GWA-lhis> [ˡgwaɬɪs] (adjective)
1 full of mistakes
ETYMOLOGY: (gwall = mistake, error)
+ (-us suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Gwâl y Filiast <GWAAL ə
VIL-yast> [gwɑːl ə ˡvɪljast]
1 Gwâl y Filiast SN1725 Burial Chamber in 1.5km
south-west of Llanglydwen, county of Caerfyrddin
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN1725
2 Gwâl y Filiast ST2484 standing stone by Llanfihangel y Fedw (county
of Casnewydd). (A letter in the Western Mail 23 August 1933 from Bromley
Edmunds, Pen-rhos, Nantgarw states that this was the original name of
‘Druidstone’ on today’s maps of this area – there is a Druidstone Road ST2484
and a Druidstone House ST2484)
The Welsh names would be Heol Gwâl ў Filiast (Druidstone Road),
and Gwâlўfiliast (Druidstone House)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST2484
3 Gwâl y Filiast ST0973 Also known
as Maes y Filiast “(the) field (of) the greyhound bitch”, Llech y
Fliast “(the) slab (of) the greyhound bitch”, Castell Carreg “stone castle”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/959459
4 Gwâl y Filiast SN4513 Llangyndeyrn
A History of Carmarthenshire, Sir John E. Lloyd (Editor). (2 volumes, Cardiff,
1935, 1939). Published by the London Carmarthenshire Society: “The name
Twlc-y-filiast is frequently applied to a dolmen in South Wales (Gwal-y-filiast
occurs again as the name of a ruined dolmen in the parish of Llangyndeyrn)”
5 Gwâl y Filiast ST1072 burial chamber between Y Dyffryn and
Llwynelyddon / St Lythans
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/3238
(delwedd 7100)
ETYMOLOGY: “the greyhound bitch’s lair / den / kennel” (gwâl = lair / kennel) + (y
= definite article, ‘the’) + soft mutation + (miliast = female greyhound)
:_______________________________.
Gwâlyfiliast <GWAAL ə
VIL-yast> [gwɑːl ə ˡvɪljast]
1 (A letter in the Western Mail 23 August 1933 from Bromley Edmunds, Pen-rhos,
Nantgarw states that a small farm at Rhydfelen ST0988, Pont-ty-pridd (county of
Rhondda Cynon Taf) was known by this name). (As a farm name it would be spelt
as one word - Gwâlyfiliast)
ETYMOLOGY: Same as Gwâl y Filiast above. As a farm name it would be spelt as
one word – Gwâlyfiliast
:_______________________________.
Gwâl-yr-hwch <GWAAL ə
VIL-yast> [gwɑːl ər ˡhuːx]
1 SN5807 farm in
Llanedi (county of Caerfyrddin)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=186736
map
ETYMOLOGY: “the wild boar’s lair / den / kennel” (gwâl = lair / den / kennel) + (yr
= definite article, ‘the’) + soft mutation + (hwch = earlier Welsh: pig, wild boar; modern Welsh: sow)
:_______________________________.
gwan <GWAN> [gwan] adjective
PLURAL gweinion <GWEIN-yon> [ˡgwəɪnjɔn] ; as a noun: PLURAL gweiniaid <GWEIN-yaid
-yed> [ˡgwəɪnjaɪd,
-jɛd]
1 weak, feeble = lacking physical strength
Y mae'r Gymraeg yn wannach na'r Saesneg hyd yn oed yn ei chadarnleoedd erbyn
hyn
The Welsh language is weaker than
English even in its strongholds by now
2 weak = feeble through
sickness or old age
Y mae’n wan, yn wan ofnadwy... Efallai na bydd hi byw tan y nos, medd y doctor
She’s weak, terribly weak – she might not last until the evening, the
doctor says
Ma Tomos wedi mynd mor wan Tomos has become really weak
henwan feeble through old age
3 chwerthin nes eich bod yn wan laugh
until you can laugh no more (“laugh until you are weak”)
(South Wales) hala (rhywun) ўn wan drive (somebody) up the
wall
4 (voice)
weak = faint, lacking volume
mewn llais gwan in a weak voice
5 weak = (from illness) feeble, lacking in physical strength or bodily
vigour
6 weak = lacking firmness,
stability; (structure) weak = lacking strength, liable to collapse if subjected
to too much strain or weight
pont wan weak bridge
7 weak = lacking power
8 weak = lacking in desirable ingredients, flavour; (drink) diluted
te gwan = weak tea
9 weak = not strong, liable to break, collapse
10 weak, feeble = (excuse) not convincing, lacking soundness
11 weak = (light) lacking intensity, faint, dim
Roedd y golau yn rhy wan i gael llun da
o’r garreg fedd
The light was too dim to get a good picture of the gravestone
12 (sun), weak, faint, not giving bright light
Haul gwyn gwan, glaw yn y man
(saying) “A white weak sun, rain soon”
13 ar foment wan in a moment of
weakness
Ar foment wan fe gytunodd i roi tro arni
In a moment of weakness he agreed to give it a try
15 weak = lacking authority
16 weak = lacking political power
17 weak = ineffectual
18 weak = (stomach) digesting food with difficulty
19 weak = (person) lacking resolution, courage, determination, willpower
20 weak = easily tempted
21 weak = not enthusiastic, not fervent
22 weak = lacking quality
23 soft-headed
Y ffŵl gwan ag ef! the daft
fool! (“the weak fool with him”)
South Wales hala (rhywun) yn wan drive (somebody) up the wall
Also: penwan = soft-headed, foolish
(pen = head) + soft mutation + (gwan = weak)
24 (eyes) weak
25 (knowledge) weak, not well-versed
26 (faith) weak
27 (argument) weak
28 (medicine) weak, ineffective
29 (colour) faint, pale
Pa liw sy orau gen ti ar gyfer y wal? Gwyrdd gwan, neu las?
What colour do you prefer for
the wall? Pale green or blue?
30 (hope) faint
31 (noun) y gweiniaid the weak
(taste) weak
cўri gwan a weak curry
32 comparisons:
mor wan â blewyn “as weak as a blade
(of grass)”
mor wanned ag ewyn dwr “as weak as
foam (on) water”
mor wanned â phabwyren “as weak as
(the) wick (of a candle)”
mor wanned â mwg “as weak as smoke”
33 henwan feeble through old age
(hen = old) + soft mutation + (gwan = weak)
34 y rhyw wannaf (= women) the
weaker sex (“the weakest sex”)
35 (mind) weak, feeble, lacking in
understanding, unable to reason, soft-headed
ceffyl bach oedd pob ci yn ol ei meddwl gwan hi
every dog was a little horse according to her weak mind
Ў ffwl gwan ag ef! the daft fool! (“the weak fool with
him”)
36 epithet in Middle Welsh:
Ieuan Wan (“weak John”)
37 trechaf treisied, gwannaf gwaedded “let (the) strongest oppress, let
(the) weakest shout” survival of the fittest, might is right
38 Haul gwyn gwan, Glaw yn y man weak white sun, rain soon
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwan < British
< Celtic *wann-
From the same British root: Cornish gwann
(= weak), Breton gwann (= weak)
From the same Celtic root: Irish fann
(= weak);
Cf English wench (= young woman)
(archaic, but used facetiously in modern English)
< Old English wenchel, wencel (= child), < wancol (= weak)
:_______________________________.
gwân <GWAAN> [gwɑːn] (v)
1 ei gwân hi run off, run away
See gwanu
:_______________________________.
gwan 2 <gwan > [gwan] (m)
PLURAL gweiniaid <GWEIN-yaid, -ed> [ˡgwəɪnjaɪd,
-ɛd]
1 weak person, weakling
2 little child
y gwan bach the helpless little
creature
:_______________________________.
gwân <GWAAN> [gwɑːn] (v)
See: gwahân
:_______________________________.
gwan eich
siôl <GWAAN əkh SHOOL> [ˡgwɑːn əx ˡʃoˑl]
1 (south-west) weak in the head
Transactions of the Carmarthenshire
Antiquarian Society. Dimetian Dialect Part 4; M H Jones April 20 1906 gwan
ei shol (weak as to his head)
:_______________________________.
gwan o
galon <gwan o
GA-lon> [gwan ɔ ˡgalɔn] (adj)
1 faint-hearted, scared, pusillanimous
:_______________________________.
gwana' <GWAA-na> [ˡgwɑˑna]
1 See: gwanaf
:_______________________________.
gwanaco <gwa-NA-ko> [gwaˡnakɔ] (m)
PLURAL gwanacod <gwa-NA-koz> [gwaˡnakɔz] (Patagonian Welsh)
1 guanaco
:_______________________________.
gwanaf, gwanafau / gwaneifiau
<GWAA-nav,
gwa-NAA-fai, –e, gwa-NEIV-yai, -ye> [ˡgwɑˑnav,
gwaˡnɑˑfaɪ,
-ɛ, gwaˡnəɪfjaɪ,
-ɛ ] (feminine noun)
1 (haymaking) windrow, a row of
raked sun-dried grass, swath of cut grass
y wanaf the swath
y gwanafau gwair the rows of grass
2 space between the ropes securing the thatch of a haystack
3 measure
I lawer, y gair am ystod o wair yw gwana(f), ond defnyddid ef hefyd fel term
mesur. Pan fyddai dynion yn dod i'r fferm i ffustio byddent yn mesur y das, gan
ddefnyddio pen cribyn fel pen mesur. Gwana' oedd hyd un pen cribyn. Clywyd am
un das oedd yn bedwar ar higian o weneifia o hyd.
To many, gwana(f) is the word for a rown of grass but it was used too as
a term for measuring. When men would come to the farm to flail they would
measure the stack, using the top of a stack as a measure. A gwana' was
the length of the top of a stack. I heard of one stack that was twenty four
‘gwanavs’ long.
4 (thatched roof) vertical strip, the space either side of a ladder within
reach of a thatcher
_______________________.
gwanafu <gwa-NAA-vi> [gwaˡnɑˑvɪ] (verb)
1 (of grass which has been cut,
after drying in the sun) to rake (the dried grass) into rows, put in
swathes, lay out in rows (corn at harvest)
2 Ceredigion ei gwanafu-hi, ei
gwanaf-hi make off, run off
_______________________.
gwanas, gwanasau
<GWAA–nas,
gwa-NA-sai, -e> [ˡgwɑˑnas, gwaˡnasaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 promontory (obsolete; found in
place names)
y wanas the promontory
2 peg, nail, hook (eg for harness in stable)
3 prop, stay, support
:_______________________________.
gwanc <GWANGK >
[gwaŋk] (m)
1 greed
2 greed for money
gwanc am arian greed for money
3 gluttony, greediness
4 appetite, craving
Mae gwanc yn 'yn stumog-i
Doctor Iŵ-Hŵ Eic Davies 1966, tudalen 9
My stomach's crying out for food
y gwanc am ddifyrrwch diddiwedd
the craving for non-stop entertainment
5 gwangen (Alosa fallax ) twaite shad
< *gwancen (“the greedy one”) (gwanc
= greed) + (-en suffix to make a
noun from an adjective)
6 gwenci weasel = animal with
reddish-brown fur, elongated body and neck, short legs: especially (Mustela
nivalis) = European weasel
< *gwenc-gi (“greed-dog”, greedy dog) (gwanc = greed ) + soft mutation + (ci = dog)
In South Wales, there are the following variants:
..a/ wenci
..b/ weinci
..c/ winci
:_______________________________.
gwancio <GWANG-yo> [ˡgwaŋkjɔ]
1 gorge, eat greedily
2 long for (something) intensely
3 long (to do something), itch (to do something)
Wn i ddim beth 'wnaeth imi ddechrau bidio am y gist. Efallai am imi weld nad
oedd neb arall yn gwancio i’w wneud.
I don’t know why I started bidding for the chest. Maybe because I saw that
nobody else was prepared to do so
4 lust after
ETYMOLOGY: (gwanc = greed) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwancus
<GWANG-kis> [ˡgwaŋkɪs] (adj)
1 greedy,
voracious, gluttonous = having an excessive desire for (food, etc)
2 ravenous
3 comparison;
mor wancus â winci “as greedy as a weasel”
:_______________________________.
gwanddu <GWAN-dhi> [ˡgwanðɪ]
1 South Wales = gwadnu
(qv)
:_______________________________.
gwaneg <GWAA-neg> [ˡgwɑˑnɛg]
PLURAL gwanegau <gwa-NEE-gai,
-e>
[gwaˡneˑgaɪ, -ɛ]
1 roller = wave
:_______________________________.
gwangalon <gwan-GA-lon> [gwaŋˡgalɔn]
(adj)
1 faint-hearted, scared, pusillanimous
:_______________________________.
gwangaloni <gwan-ga- lo -ni> [gwaŋgaˡlɔnɪ] (vi)
1 lose heart, become discouraged
llwyddo i gadw ffydd heb wangaloni
succeed in keeping your faith without becoming discouraged
:_______________________________.
gwangen <GWAng-gen> [ˡgwaŋgɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL gwangod
<GWAng-god> [ˡgwaŋgɔd]
1 (Alosa fallax ) twaite shad
2 (South-west Wales) gwengyn , gwencyn (Salmo
trutta ) sea trout
sewin, sea trout
See gwangen
ETYMOLOGY: < *gwancen (“the
greedy one”) < (gwanc = greed) +
(-en suffix to make a noun from an
adjective)
:_______________________________.
gwangod <GWANG-od> [ˡgwaŋɔd]
1 plural form of gwangen or gwengyn (Alosa fallax ) twaite shad
:_______________________________.
gwanhâd <gwan-HAAD> [gwanˡhɑːd] (m)
1 weakening
ETYMOLOGY: (gwanchá, stem of the verb gwanháu = to
weaken) + (-ad noun suffix) > gwanhá-ad > gwanhâd
:_______________________________.
gwanháol <gwan-HAA-ol> [gwanˡhɑˑɔl] (adj)
1 debilitating
ETYMOLOGY: (gwanchá, stem of the verb gwanháu = to
weaken) + (-ol adjectival suffix) > gwanhá-ol > gwanhaol
:_______________________________.
gwanháu <gwan-HAI> [gwanˡhaɪ]
1 (verb with an object) weaken, debilitate, enfeeble, attenuate
2 (vi) grow weak, lose strength
Yr oedd fy hyder yn gwanhau drachefn
My confidence was weakening again
ETYMOLOGY: (gwan = weak) + (-háu suffix for forming verbs from
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwanieth <GWAN-yeth> [ˡgwanjɛθ] (m)
1 Southern colloquial
for gwahaniaeth (= difference)
ETYMOLOGY: gwahaniaeth (= difference) > gwahanieth
(ae > e in the final syllable) > gwa’anieth (loss of the h)
> gwanieth
:_______________________________.
gwanio <GWAN-yo> [ˡgwanjɔ]
(North Wales)
1 grow weak, flag
Ond ôl rhedeg ugain milltir dyma fi’n dechrau gwanio
But after running twenty miles I began to flag
2 (language) lose ground (to another language)
Caewyd ugain o gapeli dros y ddegawd honno wrth i'r Gymráeg wanio yn yr
ardal
Over twenty chapels closed over that decade as the Welsh language lost ground
in the area
ETYMOLOGY: (gwan = weak) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwanllyd <GWAN-lhid> [ˡgwanɬɪd] (adj)
1 (health) feeble, sickly, delicate, poor
Gresyn gweld yr hen of mor wanllyd ei iechyd yn ddiweddar
It was a great pity to see
the old smith in such poor health recently
2 feeble, weak
sŵn bach gwanllyd a faint weak sound
ETYMOLOGY: (gwan = weak) + (-llyd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwannaidd
<GWAN-aidh, -edh> [ˡgwanaɪð] (adj)
1 feeble, week
Daeth yr haul i'r golwg yn wannaidd o ganol y cymylau
The sun came out feebly from amidst the clouds
gwyn gwannaidd y cynfas gwely the feeble white colour of the bedsheet
ETYMOLOGY: (gwann- < gwan = weak) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwannyd <GWA-nid> [ˡgwanɪd] collective noun
1 (South Wales)
inferior grain
2 There is a street in Ystalyfera (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
called “Pant Y Gwanyd Road” which apparently is this same word
(2009-04-06 I have no earlier examples of this name at present to confirm it)
It would be Heol Pantygwannyd in
Welsh, (“(the) hollow (of) the inferior grain”)
ETYMOLOGY: “weak corn” (gwann-,
tonic syllable form of gwan = weak)
+ (yd = corn)
NOTE: In Godre Ceredigion (the southern part of the county of Ceredigion) the a > e due to the influence of the y <i> [ˡɪ] in the fianl
syllable: gwennyd.
This in fact was the normal development in such cases in earlier Welsh (tramp / trempyn = a tramp, etc.)
:_______________________________.
gwannus <GWA-nis> [ˡgwanɪs] collective noun
1 light chaff
ETYMOLOGY: “weak chaff” (gwann-,
tonic syllable form of gwan = weak)
+ (us = chaff)
:_______________________________.
gwanstrio <GWAN-stryo> [ˡgwanstrɪɔ] (v)
1 waver, vacillate, hesitate
In the county of Môn as wanstro<WAN-stro> [ˡwanstrɔ]
:_______________________________.
gwantan <GWAN-tan> [ˡgwantan] (adj)
1 fickle
2 (health) poorly, weak
yr oedd golwg wantan arni She looked poorly (“there was a poorly look on
her”)
3 of poor quality, valueless
chwaraewyr gwantan sydd ag ofn eu cysgod ydyn nhw bob
un
they’re poor players afraid of their own shadow, every single one of them
y rhigymau gwantan sy'n pasio fel emynau modern
the valueless rhymes that pass for modern hymns
4 debilitated, powerless
cyngor gwantan a diddylanwad a weak council lacking in influence
5 (weather) changeable
6 lascivious
ETYMOLOGY: English wanton (now wón-tən, but in earlier
English wán-tən)
NOTE: Also gwantam (n > m).
Cf dinan (= little fort) > dinam in place names
:_______________________________.
gwanu <GWAA-ni> [ˡgwɑˑnɪ] (v)
1 (verb with an object) pierce, stab, prick
gwanu (rhywun) â chleddyf run a sword through someone
poen anioddefol fel pe bai rhywun wedi fy ngwanu yn fy mhen-ôl
an unbearable pain as if somebody had stabbed me in the buttocks
2 (verb with an object) poke, push, stick
wastod yn gwân 'i phen i genol pethach always sticking her head into
things
3 (verb with an object) poke = copulate
4 (vi) ei gwân hi, ei gwanu hi (South Wales) dash off, hurry off
Bu rhaid iddo ei gwanu hi gartref gynted ag y galle fe
He had to dash off home as quick as he could
ETYMOLOGY: gwanu (gwân- < British < Celtic *wan-) +
(-u verb suffix)
From the same British root: Cornish gwana
From the same Common Celtic root: Irish goin (= stab, sting)
:_______________________________.
gwanwan <GWAN-wan> [ˡgwanwan] adj)
1 very weak, very feeble
Arthur. - Mae'n debyg eich bod wedi cael
gafael ar rai o hen resymau gwanwan ac ynfyd Cymdeithas Heddwch. Pe byddai i ni
gario allan eu hegwyddorion hwy, fe fyddai genym fyd hynod mewn ychydig amser! Llyfr Dadleuol t41
Arthur. – It seems that you’ve got hold of some of the idiotic and
extrememely reasons of the Peace Association. If we carrried out their
principles, in a short space of time the world would be in a real mess (“we’d
have a remarkable world”)
ETYMOLOGY: “weak weak”
(gwan = weak) + soft mutation + (gwan = weak)
:_______________________________.
gwanwyn <GWAN-uin> [ˡgwanʊɪn] (masculine noun)
PLURAL gwanwynau <gwan-UI-nai, -e> [gwanˡʊɪnaɪ, -ɛ]
1
spring = (northern hemisphere) season between winter and summer,
progressively warmer, from the vernal equinox to the summer solstice
spring = (southern hemisphere) season between winter and summer, progressively colder,
from the vernal equinox to the winter solstice (and hence in the Welsh
settlement in Patagonia)
melyn y
gwanwyn (“yellow (flower) (of) the spring”)
An alternative name for llygad Ebrill (“eye (of) April”)
Ranunculus ficaria Lesser celandine
yn y gwanwyn in the spring
bob gwanwyn every spring
2 pen ci ar fore o wanwyn said of
unsettled weather in the morning which gives way to fair weather by the
evening; ("head (of) dog on (a) morning (of) Spring")
3 gafr wanwyn
‹GAA-var
WAN-uin› [ˡgɑˑvar ˡ gwanʊɪn], geifr wanwyn ‹GEI-vir GWAN-win›
[ˡgəɪvɪr ˡgwanʊɪn] (“goat of spring”), an alternative name for the troellwr
mawr (Caprimulgus europaeus) nightjar
(South Wales) fel gafr wanwyn (said of a constant
moaner) (“like a nightjar”)
bod fel gafar wanwyn be a real moaner
(delwedd 7082)
3 spring = the months of February, March, April, to mid-May
4 spring = the months of March, April, May (USA)
5 spring = the beginning of warmer weather, the appearance of buds and shoots,
the growth of plants
dydd o wanwyn a spring day
Mae hi'n gwneud gwanwyn cynnar Spring has come early
6 spring = a period like spring, early part of a period, the first stage, the
freshest period
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwan|
n
< gwann|n
< gwae|ann|n
< British *wesant-ên-o-
From the same British root: Cornish GWAINTEN < GWAINTOIN
Related Indo-European words:
Scottish Gaelic Earrach (= spring)
Sanskrit vasantah (= spring), Hindustani basant (= spring),
Punjabi basant (= spring),
Latin vêr
(= spring) > vernus (relating to spring) > vernalis (relating
to spring, vernal);
Late
Latin prima
vera (“first spring”) > Italian / Occitan /
Catalan / Castilian primavera
Greek ear
(= spring)
Russian vesna (= spring)
Old Norse var (= spring), Norwegian vår (= spring)
Proto-Indo-European root *wesr
NOTE: South Wales gwanwn <GWAA-nun> [ˡgwɑˑnʊn];
County of Powys [Maldwyn] gweinwyn <GWEIN-win> [ˡgwəinwɪn]; , gweiniwn <GWEIN-yun> [ˡgwəinjʊn];
:_______________________________.
gwanwynol <gwan-UI-nol> [gwanˡʊɪnɔl] (adj)
1 springtime, spring-like, in spring
Clywid rhyw ysgafnder gwanwўnol yn yr awel A spring-like lightness
was to be felt in the breeze
ETYMOLOGY: (gwanwyn = spring) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwanychdod <gwa-NƏKH-dod> [gwanˡəxdɔd]
1 lingering illness
bod gwanўchdod ar have a lingering illness
ETYMOLOGY: (gwanwych-, stem of the verb gwanychu
= to grow weak) + (-dod suffix
for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwanychiad <gwa-NƏKH-yad> [gwanˡəxjad]
1 enfeeblement
ETYMOLOGY: (gwanwych-, stem of the verb gwanychu
= to grow weak) + (-i-ad suffix
for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwanychu <gwa-NƏ-khi> [gwanˡəxɪ] (v)
1 (vi) grow weak
Mae haen o Gymreictod o hyd yn Lerpwl, er ei fod yn graddol wanychu
There’s still a layer of Welshness in Liverpool, though it is gradually
weakening
2 (vi) falter, lose enthusiasm,
Dal ati - paid gwanychu yn awr y frwydr fawr
Stick at it – don’t falter in the hour of the great battle
3 (verb with an object) make weak
4 emasculate
ETYMOLOGY: (gwan = weak) + (-ych-u)
:_______________________________.
gwapro <GWA-pro> [ˡgwaprɔ]
1 See: gwobri (= to award a prize)
:_______________________________.
*gwar (1)
1 (1) Old Welsh preposition
(= on, over).
(2) Later it became war (that is, the soft-mutated form gwar > ghwar > war)
(3) It then became ar through
confusion with an existing preposition ar
(= in front of).
(4) Most senses of modern Welsh ar
derive from *gwar (= on, over)
rather than ar (= in front of)
2 as a prefix, gwar (=
over-, super-) (1) became gwor-,
which has given modern Welsh gor;
...(a) goryfed (= to drink too much)
gor + (yfed = to drink)
...(b) goryrru (= to drive too fast)
gor + soft mutation + (gyrru = to drive) (2) but the prefix gwar- survives in some verbs
...(a) gwaradwyddo (= to rebuke)
gwar + (adwydd = sharp, cruel)
...(b) gwrando (historically
“gwarando”) (= to listen),
...(c) gwarchae (= to besiege) gwar + aspirate mutation + (cae = to close, to enclose)
...(d) gwarchod (= to look
after) gwar + aspirate mutation + (cadw = to keep)
NOTE: See gor-
:_______________________________.
gwar (2) <GWAR> [gwar] (f)
PLURAL gwarrau <GWA-rai,
-e> [ˡgwaraɪ, -ɛ]
1 nape of the neck, scruff of the neck, the back between the shoulders, top of
the back
y war the nape of the neck
Daeth i mewn â’r sach ar ei war He came carrying the sack on his back
gerfydd eich gwar by the scruff of your neck
codi’r gath gerfydd ei gwar pick up the cat by the scruff of its neck
codi’ch gwar shrug your shoulders
ar ôl pnawn ar y mynydd, a llosgi ein gwarrau yn yr haul
after an afternoon on the upland, and having burnt the back of our necks in the
sun
2 cael cric yn eich gwar get a crick in your neck
3 bod ar war eich pwll have one foot in the grave (“be on the part
overlooking the pit”)
4 hill (a long flattish hill)
5 place above and behind
ar war (qv) above
Saif hen balasdy y Prichardiaid, sef y Collena, yn nghanol meusydd eang
gwyrddion, ar war Tonyrefail (Hanes Tonyrefail - Atgofion am y Lle a’r Hen
Bobl. Thomas Morgan. 1899, Caerdydd.)
The old mansion of the Prichards, namely Y Collena, stands in the middle of
extensive green fields, above (the village of) Tonyrefail
Common in
place names in south Wales, especially in the south-west
Gwar-bryn gwar y bryn = hill crest,
or place above and behind the hill
Gwar-coed gwar y coed = place above
and behind the wood
Gwar-ddôl gwar y ddôl = place above
and behind the meadow
Gwaryfelin gwar y felin = place
above and behind the mill
Gwarffynnon gwar y ffynnon = place
above and behind the well
Gwargorof gwar y gorof = place above
and behind the wooded precipice
Gwarmynydd gwar y mynydd = place
above and behind the upland pasture
Gwar-nant gwar y nant = place above
and behind the brook
Gwar-pwll gwar y pwll = place above
and behind the pit, the hollow
Gwar-rhos gwar y rhos = place above
and behind the moorland
Gwarycaeau street name. Pen-y-cae,
Margam; = place above and behind the fields
4 o war above; from above
Un o war Llandeilo oedd e
He was from Llandeilo way, from the country above Llandeilo
Cae war Ty (field name) y cae o war
y ty – the field above the house
5 bod ar eich gwar be breathing
down your neck, be close behind (i.e. not leaving somebody alone)
Mae e ar ’y ngwar i o hyd He’s on
top of me all the time
6 bod ar ei gwar hi be on top of
a job, have made good progress in some task so that it is on its way to being
completed (“be on the back of its neck”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwar < British *war- < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish gwarr
(= nape, curve), Breton gwar =
([adjective]; curved; [noun] curve)
NOTE: (South Wales) masculine noun gwar,
y gwar (North Wales) feminine noun gwar,
y war
:_______________________________.
gwâr (3) <GWAAR> [gwɑːr] (adj)
1 civilised
cymdeithas wâr a civilised society
anwar barbarous
(an- negative prefix) + soft mutation + (gwâr = civilised)
Y mae unrhyw glaf mewn gwlad wâr yn haeddu y driniaeth orau bosibl yn
yr ysbyty
Anybody sick in a civilised society deserves the best possible treatment in
a hospital
2 (obsolete) heating, warming
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwar < *gwor < British
Welsh gwâr is related to the verb gori (= to incubate [an
egg])< gwori, and to the noun gwres (= heat)
Irish: gor (= heat).
Old Irish gor (adj) (= filial, dutiful < warm). In the Welsh Laws, mab
anwar ( = son who isn’t dutiful)
From the same British root: Cornish hwar (= meek, gentle, mild) < in-hwar
< (in) + (gwar)
:_______________________________.
gwaradwydd <gwa-RAA-duidh> [gwaˡrɑˑdʊɪð]
1 ignominy, disgrace, disrepute
Pa un a oeddynt yn haeddu'r gwaradwydd bentyrwyd ar eu pennau nid oes modd
dweud yn bendant. Casglwr 51 1993
Whether they deserved the ignomy that was poured onto their heads there is no
way of saying for sure
diwradwydd without disgrace, exemplary
t62 Englynion Beddau Dyffryn Ogwen, gan J Elwyn Hughes 1979:
Ym
Mynwent Eglwys Sant Cedol, Pentir, ar fedd Edward WIlliams,
Pen Hower...
Ei rodiad fu'n ddi-w'radwydd,
Yn bedair a chanmlwydd;
Dan gêl fe'i rhoddwyd o'n gŵydd.
Obry'r awn ninau'n ebrwydd
Gravestone inscription: In the Churchyard of Saint Cedol’s Church,
Pentir, on the grave of Edward Williams, Pen Hower...
His passage [through life] was without disgrace
[at the age of] one hundred and four
He was
put hidden away from our presence
We too shall go up [to heaven] too soon
Diarhebion 18:3 Wrth ddyfodiad y drygionus y daw diystyrwch, a chyda gogan,
gwaradwydd
Proverbs 18:3 When the wicked cometh, then cometh also contempt; and with
ignominy
reproach
Mae
yn chwithig iawn, os nid yn waradwydd ar Gymru, ei bod wedi gadael y fath ddyn
heb un Bywgraphiad. Hanes y Bibl Cymraeg /Thomas Levi / Blwyddyn a Gyhoeddwyd:
? t96
It
is unbecoming, if not a disgrace for Wales, that she [the country] has left
such a man without a single biography
2
rebuke, reproach
3 compensation for insult
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar- intensifying prefix) + (adwydd = sharp, cruel).
The adjective adwydd < British < Common Cceltic *wedi (= to see,
to perceive)
:_______________________________.
gwaradwyddo <gwa-ra-DUI-dhis> [gwaraˡdʊɪðɔ] (v)
1 to reproach, to rebuke
Job 19:3 Dengwaith bellach y’m gwaradwyddasoch; ac
nid cywilydd gennych ymgaledu i’m herbyn.
Job 19:3 These ten times have ye
reproached me: ye are not ashamed that ye make yourselves strange to me.
2
to disgrace, dishonour
3 insult, mock, disparage
Genesis 39:14 Yna hi a alwodd ar
ddynion ei thŷ, ac a draethodd wrthynt, gan ddywedyd, Gwelwch, efe a ddug
i ni Hebrëwr i’n gwaradwyddo: daeth ataf fi i orwedd gyda myfi, minnau a
waeddais â llef uchel,
Genesis 39:14 That she called unto the men of her house, and spake unto them,
saying, See, he hath brought in an Hebrew unto us to mock us; he came in unto
me to lie with me, and I cried with a loud voice:
4 put to shame, to shame
gwaradwyddo (rhywun) i wneud rhywbeth
shame (someone) into doing something
5 feel ashamed, be put to shame
Dylai pawb waradwyddo o gael gwybod mai arferiad sydd ar gynnydd yw hyn
Everybody should feel ashamed on knowing that this is a practice which is
growing
:_______________________________.
gwaradwyddus
<gwa-ra-DUI-dhis> [gwaraˡdʊɪðɪs] (adj)
1 disparaging, opprobious, disgraceful, shameful
bod ўn waradwyddus be a disgrace, be disgraceful, be
shameful
Nid yw yn ddim llai na gwaradwyddus it’s nothing less than shameful
Mae cymaint o bethau gwardwyddus yn cael eu dangos ar y teledu y
dyddiau hyn
There are so many shameful things being shown on TV these days
Apocrypha Eccelsiasticus 23:15 Y dyn a ymarfero â geiriau gwaradwyddus, ni
chymer addysg tra fyddo byw.
Apocrypha Eccelsiasticus 23:15 The
man that is accustomed to opprobrious words will never be reformed all the days
of his life.
ETYMOLOGY:
(gwaradwydd = disrepute, opprobium) + (-us adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
Gwarafog <gwa-RAA-vog> [gwaˡrɑˑvɔg]
1 locality (SN9548) in Brycheiniog (Powys); a parish at this place
Population: 50 (1961), 65 (1971)
Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 22% (1961), 15% (1971)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN9548
:_______________________________.
gwarafun
<gwa-RAA-vin> [gwaˡrɑˑvɪn]
1 (verb with a direct and indirect object) refuse, begrudge [= be envious of;
wish ill or allow unwillingly], deny, envy (somebody something), be jealous of,
be envious of (somebody’s something), be unhappy that somebody has something
Nid wyf yn gwarafun iddo ei lwyddiant I don’t begrudge him his success,
I’m not jealous of his success, I’m happy for his success
Gradd er anrhydedd oedd, ac felly
enillodd ei radd heb basio egsam – ond pwy sy'n mynd i warafun hўnny,
cўmaint ei gўfraniad ўn ў maes
It was an honorary degree, and so he won his degree without passing an exam
– but who is going to begrudge him that since his contribution to the filed has
been so great
Ni fu i'r cylchgrawn hwn erióed warafun arian a roir i gylchgronau
eraill
This magazine has never begrudged money which is
given to other magazines
Ni fynnwn warafun i neb elwa ar ei dalent... ond ydi hi’n deg ei fod erbyn
hyn yn aml-filiwnydd am gicio pêl o gwmpas cae, ac yntau ond yn ugain oed?
I wouldn’t want to criticise anybody for profiting from his or her talent –
but is it fair that he is a multi-millionaire by now for kicking a ball around
a field, when he’s only twenty years old?
Nid oedd ў gŵr ўn gwarafun ўr un dim iddi
Her husband didn't deny her a single thing
2 prohibit, prevent
plant dan oed yn yfed gwerth tua £20 ddwy neu dair gwaith yr wythnos, nes yn
feddw,
yn nhref Caernarfon, heb i neb warafun
Children under age drinking [and spending] around twenty pounds two or three
times a week, until they are drunk, without anybody preventing them
Gorchwyl achlysurol oedd 'hel priciau', ac yr oedd yn rhaid wrth amser
cyfaddas i wneud hynny. Ac os llwyddem i gael 'baich da,' ni warafunid i ni
dreulio oriau dedwydd yn y Coed
t44 Y Pentre Gwyn, gan Anthropos (Robert David Rowland 1853?-1944),
Tyn-y-cefn, Corwen; 1923
An occasional task was ‘gathering sticks’, and you needed a suitable amount of
time to do this. And if we managed to get a good load, nobody prohibited us
from spending happy hours in the wood.
ETYMOLOGY: gwarafun < gwarofun < gworofun < British < Common
Celtic *wer-wo-mun
:_______________________________.
gwarafuniad <gwa-ra-VIN-yad> [gwaraˡvɪnjad] (m)
PLURAL gwarafuniadau <gwa-ra-vin-YAA-dai,
-e> [gwaravɪnˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 prohibition
ETYMOLOGY:
(gwarafun-, stem of gwarafun = prohibit) + (-i-ad noun
suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwarag <GWAA-rag> [ˡgwɑˑrag] (m)
PLURAL gwaragau <gwa-RAA-gai, -e>
[gwaˡrɑˑgaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (obsolete) loop, bow
ETYMOLOGY:
Cornish gwarag (= bow),
Breton gwarag (= bow)
:_______________________________.
gwaraidd <GWAA-raidh, -edh> [ˡgwɑˑraɪð, -ɛð] (m)
1 civilised
Dyledswydd Cymro a'i fath ddylai fod, i roddi amlygrwydd o'n rhagorion pan y
crybwyllir am ein diffygion. Fel y crybwylla awdwr yr ysgrif arweiniol yn y Darian ddiweddaf, y mae ymddigiadau
Cymry ein cymoedd yn fil mwy teilwng na'r dull a gymerir gan yr estroniaid a
dryfrithant ein gwlad ar ein gwyliau, ac nid yw Cwm Rhondda ar ôl i un Cwm
arall yn Nghymru yn y cyfeiriad moesol a gwaraidd, ond cymeryd y Cymry fel
safon, ac nid anwariaid estronol.
The duty of 'Cymro' and his sort should
be to highlight our good points when our failings are mentioned. As the writer
of the leading article in the last 'Tarian' mentioned, the behaviour of the
Welsh people of our valleys is a thousand times more dignified than that shown
by the foreigners who swarm over our country on our feast days and Cwm Rhondda
is not behind any other valley in Wales as regards morality and civilisation,
taking the Welsh as the standard, and not foreign barbarians
Llith V, 1897 Tarian y Gweithiwr
2 anwaraidd uncivilised
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh (gwar = civilised) + (-aidd adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwarant
<GWAA-rant>
[ˡgwɑˑrant] (f)
PLURAL gwarantau <gwa-RAN-tai, -e>
[gwaˡrantaɪ, -ɛ]
y warant = the guarantee
1 warrant
2 guarantee = written statement given when buying a product stating that the
product will be trouble-free for a certain period of time; if not, it will be
repaired free of charge or replaced
gwarant am ugain mlynedd a twenty-year guarantee
3 guarantee = thing which makes another thing certain (e.g. money is no
guarantee of happiness)
4 guarantee = money etc handed over as pledge so that a promise or contract is
not broken
5 guarantee = promise to pay the debt of another if he fails to pay
6 nid + bod ўn warant o be no
guarantee of
Mae'n ddrama-gyfres; ond ni ddylai hynny, er yn beth i'w groesawu, ddim bod
yn warant
o ryddid rhag beirniadaeth
It’s a drama forming a series; but that
should not, though it is something to be welcomed, be a warrant to free it from
critism
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh gwarant < (?English) < Anglo-French < Old French guarant
< Germanic.
A present participle form (as in modern German -end) of the Germanic
verb waren (= to warrant), with –end replaced by French -ant
:_______________________________.
gwaranteb <gwa-RAN-teb> [gwaˡrantɛb] (f)
PLURAL gwarantebau <gwa-ran-TEE-bai, -e> [gwaranˡteˑbaɪ, -ɛ]
1 guarantee = (goods)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarant- stem of gwarantu = to guarantee) + (-eb
suffix used to indicate a document)
:_______________________________.
gwarantiedig <gwa-ran-ti-EE-dig> [gwarantɪˡeˑdɪg] (adj)
1 guaranteed
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarant- stem of gwarantu = to guarantee) + (-i-edig
suffix used to form a past participle)
:_______________________________.
gwarantu <gwa-RAN-ti> [gwaˡrantɪ]
1 (verb with an object) guarantee
Gwarantwyd cyflog uwch i'r gweision sifil
The civil servants were guaranteed a higher salary
2 back up, confirm
Ac os byddai angen gwarantu'r gwir, wel dywedir 'wir yr' (y sain dywyll)
And if there is need to emphasise (“guaranatee”) the truthfulness [of a
statement], well one says ‘wir yr’ (the obscure vowel [in this latter word])
3 various expressions corresponding to English ‘honest!, honestly!’, or ‘I have
no doubt that, doubtlessly’
mi a'i gwrantaf “I guarantee it”
mi wranta “I guarantee ”
mi a gwranta, mi gwranta “I
guarantee [it]”
mi a'th wrantaf (literary) “I
guarantee you”
mi dy wranta-di (South Wales) “I
guarantee you”
fi ginta, fe ginta “I guarantee [it]”
fi gynta “I guarantee [it]”
mi grynta, fi grynta “I guarantee [it]”
:_______________________________.
gwarantydd
<gwa-RAN-tidh> [gwaˡrantɪð] (adj) (m)
PLURAL gwarantyddion <gwa-ran-TƏDH-yon> [gwaranˡtəðjɔn]
1 guarantor = person who gives a guarantee
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarant- stem of gwarantu = to guarantee) + (-ydd noun
suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwarced <GWAR-ked> [ˡgwarkəd] (m)
PLURAL gwarcedion
<gwar-KED-yon> [gwarˡkədjɔn]
1 remainder
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
gwarchadw <gwar-KHAA-du> [gwarˡxɑˑdʊ]
1 See: gwarchod
:_______________________________.
gwarchae (1) <GWAR-khai,
-khe> [ˡgwarxaɪ, -ɛ] masculine noun
PLURAL gwarchaeoedd
<gwar-KHEI-oidh, -odh> [gwarˡxəɪɔɪð, -ɔð]
1 siege
Jeremeia 19:9 A mi a baraf iddynt fwyta cnawd eu meibion, a chnawd eu
merched, bwytânt hefyd bob un gnawd ei gyfaill, yn y gwarchae a’r cyfyngder,
â’r hwn y cyfynga eu gelynion, a’r rhai sdd yn ceisio eu heinioes, arnynt.
Jeremiah 19:19 And I will cause them to eat the flesh of their
sons and the flesh of their daughters, and they shall eat every one the flesh
of his friend in the siege and straitness, wherewith their enemies, and they
that seek their lives, shall straiten them.
Deuteronomium 28:55 Rhag rhoddi i un ohonўnt o gig ei feibion, ў
rhai a fwyty efe; o eisiau gado iddo ddim ўn ў gwarchae ac ўn
ў cўfўngdra, â’r hwn ў cўfўnga dў
elyn arnat o fewn dў holl byrth.
Deuteronomў 28:55 So that he will not give to anў of them of the
flesh of his children whom he shall eat: because he hath nothing left him in
the siege, and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemies shall distress thee
in all thў gates.
2 cadw gwarchae ar maintain under siege, keep under siege
Cadwai rhai ohonynt warchae ar yr unig ffordd y gallai'r Saeson
ddychwelyd i’w castell ar hyd-ddi.
Some kept under siege the only road along which the Englishmen could return to
their castle
3 gwarchae yn erbyn a siege against
Sechareia 12:2 Wele fi yn gwneuthur
Jerwsalwm yn ffiol gwsg i'r bobloedd oll o amgylch, pan fyddont yn y gwarchae
yn erbyn Jwda, ac yn erbyn Jerwsalem
Zechariah 12:2 Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all the
people round about, when they shall be in the siege both against Judah and
against Jerusalem
4 dan warchae under siege, be besieged
bod dan warchae be under siege, be besieged
y rhai dan warchae the besieged, the besieged population
5 (obsolete) bod ўng ngwarchae be under siege, be besieged
Brenhinoedd-2 25:1 Ac yn y nawfed flwyddyn o'i deyrnasiad ef, yn y degfed
mis, ar y degfed dydd o'r mis, y daeth Nebuchodonosor brenin Babilon, efe a'i
holl lu., yn erbyn Jerwsalem, ac a wersyllodd yn ei herbyn hi, a hwy a
adeilasant yn ei herbyn hi wrthglawdd o'i hamgylch hi (25:2) A bu y
ddinas yng ngwarchae hyd yr unfed flwyddyn ar ddeg i'r brenin Sedeceia
Kings-2 25:1 And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth
month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came,
he, and all his host, against Jerusalem, and pitched against it: and they built
forts against it round about. (25:2) And the city was besieged unto the
eleventh
year of king Zedekiah.
6 torri gwarchae to break a siege
7 codi gwarchae ar to raise the siege on
8 (countў of Dinbych) gwarchae pound, fold, pinfold
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar prefix = on; ) + spirant mutation + (cae = to
close )
:_______________________________.
gwarchae (2) <GWAR-khai,
-khe> [ˡgwarxaɪ, -ɛ] verb
1
gwarchae ar besiege, place under
siege, beleaguer [from-Dutch
“belegeren”
=-to-camp-round]
gwarchae ar dref lay siege to a town, besiege a town
Daniel 1:1 Yn y drydedd flwyddyn o
deyrnasiad Jehoiacim brenin Jwda, y daeth Nebuchodonosor brenin Babilon i
Jerwsalem, ac a warchaeodd arni.
Daniel 1:1 In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah came
Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon unto Jerusalem, and besieged it.
ETYMOLOGY: verb from the noun gwarchae
(= siege)
:_______________________________.
gwarcheidiol
<gwar-KHEID-yol> [gwarˡxəɪdjɔl] (adj)
1 guarding
angel gwarcheidiol guardian angel
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchad- < gwarchadw = to guard) + (-i-ol adjectival
suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwarcheidwad
<gwar-KHEID-wad> [gwarˡxəɪdwad] (adj) (m)
PLURAL gwarcheidwaid <gwar-KHEID-waid, -ed> [gwarˡxəɪdwaɪd,
- ɛd]
1 guardian
2 prison warder
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchad- < gwarchadw = to guard) + (-ad noun
suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwarchglawdd
<GWARKH-glaudh>
[ˡgwarxglaʊð]
1 fortification, rampart, defensive wall
Deuteronioum 20:19 Pan warchaeech ar ddinas lawer o ddyddiau, gan ryfela yn
ei herbyn i'w hennill hi, na ddifetha ei choed hi, gan daro bwyell arnynt:
canys ohonynt y bwytei; na thor dithau hwynt i lawr, (oherwydd bywyd dyn yw
pren y maes,) i'w gosod yn y gwarchglawdd.
Deuteronioum 20:19 When thou shalt besiege a city a long time, in making
war against it to take it, thou shalt not destroy the trees thereof by forcing
an ax against them: for thou mayest eat of them, and thou shalt not cut them
down (for the tree of the field is man's life) to employ them in the siege:
Eiseia 29:3 A gwersyllaf yn grwn i'th erbyn, ac'a warchaeaf i'th erbyn mewn
gwarchdwr, ac a gyfodaf wrthglawdd
yn dy erbyn.
Isaiah 29:3 And I will camp against thee round about, and will lay siege
against thee with a mount, and I will raise forts against thee
2 low hedgebank
Occurs as gwarclawdd, gwarcaw, gorclawdd, orclawdd (Ceredigion), coeclaw
(Penfro)
gwar + clawdd
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar- = on) + soft mutation + (clawdd = dyke)
:_______________________________.
gwarchod <GWAR-khod> [ˡgwarxɔd] (verb)
1
to guard, watch over, protect, safeguard
llong warchod, llongau gwarchod escort (= escort boat)
llynges warchod, llyngesau gwarchod escort fleet
Roedd yr eryr yn gwarchod yr wyau yn ofalus The eagle was protecting her
eggs carefully(
ymdrechion i warchod yr ychydig sy'n weddill o'r coedwigoedd cynhenid
arferai orchuddio cyfran helaeth o Gymru ar un pryd...
efforts to safeguard the little which is left of the native woodlands which
used to cover a vast proportion of Wales at one time
gwarchod rhàg protect from
gwarchod y tŷ rhag lladron to protect the house from burglars
2 preserve = keep from being forgotten
Sefydlwyd amgueddfa i warchod hanes cyfoethog yr ardal, â phwyslais arbennig
ar hanes John Evans, aeth i'r Amerig i chwilio am yr 'Indiaid Cymreig'
A museum was set up to preserve the rich history of the area, with a
special emphasis on the history of John Evans, who wetn to America to search
for the “Welsh Indians”
3 preserve = keep alive
4 preserve = keep safe from harm
5 preserve = keep game for hunting
6 look after
gwarchod plant look after children, babysit (= look after a child or
children while the parents are absent for a short while)
7 gwarchod ty stay at home
8 ardal warchod, ardaloedd gwarchod neighbourhood watch area
9 exclamations (North Wales)
Gwarchod ni! May God save us! (“(the) preserving (of) us”)
Gwarchod pawb! May God save
everybody! (“(the) preserving (of) everybody”)
Gwarchod y byd! May God save the world! (“(the) preserving
(of) the world”)
Gwarchod y byd! Beth wnawn-ni nawr? Good Heavens! What will we do
now?
Good God - what'll we do now?
Gwarchod y nefoedd! Heaven preserve [us] (“(the) preserving (of) heaven”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwarchod < gwarchawd, metathesised
form of gwarchadw (D-W > W-D)
(gwar prefix = on) + spirant mutation + (cadw = keep)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodaeth
<gwar-KHOO–daith, -deth> [gwarˡxoˑdaɪθ, -dɛθ] (f)
1 charge, protection, custody
2 tutelage = guardianship, authority over (a person, a group of
people, a state)
3 tutelage = the condition of being under the guardianship or protection of
another
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchod-, stem of gwarchod = protect) + (-aeth
noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodfa <gwar-KHOD-va] [gwarˡxɔdva]
PLURAL gwarchodféydd [gwar-khod-VEIDH> [gwarxɔdˡvəɪð] (feminine noun)
1
reserve, sanctuary, protected place
y warchodfa the sanctuary
2 garrison = place for a garrison of troops
3 preserve = area where game is reared for hunting
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchod-, stem of gwarchod
= look after, guard) + (-fa suffix
= place)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodfa adar <gwar-KHOD-va
AA-dar> [gwarˡxɔdva ˡɑˑdar] (f)
PLURAL: gwarchodféydd
adar <gwar-khod-VEIDH
AA-dar> [gwarxɔdˡvəɪð
ˡɑˑdar]
1
bird sanctuary
y warchodfa adar the bird sanctuary
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchodfa = sanctuary,
protected place) + (adar = birds, plural of aderyn = bird)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodfa
anifeiliaid <gwar-kho-va a-ni-VEIL-yaid,
-ed> [gwarˡxɔdva anɪˡvəɪljaɪd,
-ɛd] (f)
PLURAL: gwarchodféydd
anifeiliaid <gwar-khod-VEIDH
a-ni-VEIL-yaid,
-ed> [gwarxɔdˡvəɪð anɪˡvəɪljaɪd,
-ɛd]
1
wildlife reserve
2 animal sanctuary
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchodfa = sanctuary,
protected place) + (anifeiliaid = animals, plural of anifail = animal)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodfa natur
<gwar-khod-va NA-tir> [gwarˡxɔdva ˡnatɪr] (f)
PLURAL: gwarchodféydd
anifeiliaid <gwar-khod-VEIDH
NA-tir> [gwarxɔdˡvəɪð ˡnatɪr]]
1 nature reserve
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchodfa = sanctuary,
protected place) + (natur = nature)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodle <gwar- khod -le> (m)
PLURAL: gwarchodleoedd <gwar-khod-LEE-oidh,
-odh> [gwarxɔdˡleˑɔɪð, - ɔð]
1 sentry post, guard post
(gwarchod-, stem of gwarchod
= look after, guard) + soft mutation + (lle = place)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodlu <gwar-KHOD-li> [gwarˡxɔdlɪ] (m)
PLURAL: gwarchodluoedd <gwar-khod-LII-oidh,
-odh> [gwarxɔdˡliˑɔɪð, - ɔð]
1 garrison = troops who guard a fort
2 guard = detachment of soldiers who act as guards
gwarchodlu'r brenin the king’s guards
Y Gwarchodlu Cartref <ə gwar-KHOD-li KAR-trev> [ə gwarˡxɔdlɪ ˡkartrɛv] the Home Guard
Y Gwarchodlu Cymréig <ə gwar-KHOD-li kəm-REIG> [ə gwarˡxɔdlɪ
kəmˡrəɪg] the Welsh Guards
gwarchodlu cudd <gwar-KHOD-li KIIDH> [gwarˡxɔdlɪ ˡkiːð]
secret security service
Y Gwarchodlu Cenedlaethol <ə gwar-KHOD-li ke-ned-LEI-thol> [ə gwarˡxɔdlɪ kɛnɛdˡləɪθɔl] the National Guard (US)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchod-, stem of gwarchod
= look after, guard) + soft mutation + (llu = band of people)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodwr <gwar-KHOO-dur> [gwarˡxoˑdʊr] (m)
PLURAL gwarchodwyr <gwar-KHOD-wir>
[gwarˡxɔdwɪr]
1 guard
2 bodyguard
cyn-warchodwr i’r Prif Weinidog an ex-bodyguard of the Prime Minister
â gwarchodwyr y naill ochr iddo with bodyguards on either side of
him
3 custodian = person who looks after an object, or a building or other
place
4 guardian = person who looks after another person and his property according
to a legal agreement
5 sentry = a soldier who keeps watch
6 prison warder
7 carer = person who looks after someone who is elderly or incapacitated
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchod-, stem of gwarchod
= look after, guard) + soft mutation + (gŵr = man)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodwr
tân <gwar-KHOO-dur
TAAN> [gwarˡxoˑdʊr
ˡtɑˑn]
PLURAL gwarchodwyr tân <gwar-KHOD-wir TAAN>
[gwarˡxɔdwɪr ˡtɑˑn]
1 fireguard
2 fire watcher
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchodwr =
guard) + (tân = fire)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodydd <gwar-KHOO-didh> [gwarˡxoˑdɪð] (m)
PLURAL gwarchodwyr <gwar-KHOD-wir>
[gwarˡxɔdwɪr]
1 see gwarchodwr
:_______________________________.
gwarchotgi <gwar-KHOOT-gi> [gwarˡxɔtgɪ] (m)
PLURAL gwarchotgwn <gwar-KHOOT-gun> [gwarˡxɔtgʊn]
1 watchdog
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchod-, stem of gwarchod
= look after, guard) + soft mutation + (ci = dog)
:_______________________________.
gwarddrws <GWAR-dhrus> [ˡgwarðrʊs] (m)
PLURAL gwarchotgwn <gwar-DHRƏ-sai, -e> [gwarˡðrəsaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (South Wales) lintel
Standard form: gorddrws
(Y Winllan, Tal-y-bont, Ceredigion) Mae'r drws yn gweithio mewn ystram, yr
hon a ffurfir gan y trothwy, y ddau ystlysbost, a'r gwarddrws. Neu yn iaith y
Beibl, y rhiniog, y gorsinau, a chapan y drws.
t241 Seren Gomer 19 1898
(Y Winllan, Tal-y-bont, Ceredigion) The door works in a frmae, which is
made up of the threshold, the two door jambs, and the lintel. Or in the
language of the Bible, the rhiniog (threshold), the gorsinau (door
jambs), and the capan y drws (lintel).
:_______________________________.
gwarden <GWAR-den> [ˡgwardɛn] (m)
1 See: warden
:_______________________________.
gwardio <GWARD-yo> [ˡgwardjɔ] (v)
1 guard, watch over
2 (county of Môn) take cover, hide
Yr oedd yr adar yn gwardio dan y mieri
The birds were hidng in the brambles
Mi es i gyfeiriad y fferm, a gwardio mewn llwyn drain ar ochor y ffordd
I went in the direction of the farm and hid in a bramble bush on the roadside
ETYMOLOGY: (gward = English guard, from an older English
pronunciation) + (-io = verb suffix)
English guard < Old French g(u)arde < Germanic, related to the English word ward
:_______________________________.
gwardon <GWAR-don> [ˡgwardɔn] (m)
1 (South-east
Wales) riverbank,
streamside
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = on) + soft mutation + (ton
= greensward, grassland)
:_______________________________.
gwardosti <gwar-DOS-ti> [gwarˡdɔstɪ]
(v)
(Bro Morgannwg)
1 to shrug the shoulders
2 to have a pain in the neck
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = nape of the neck)
+ soft mutation + (tosti = be
painful)
:_______________________________.
gwared 1 <GWAA-red> [ˡgwɑˑrɛd] (m)
PLURAL gwaredion <gwa-RED-yon> [gwaˡredjɔn]
1 riddance, release
cael gwared ar get rid of; put a stop to, stamp out
Daeth nifer nifer o rieini gerbron
llўs ўn Aberdâr wrth i'r cўngor lleol weithredu i gael gwared
ar driwantiaeth
A number of parents appeared in court in Aber-dâr as the local council
attempts to stamp out truancy
cael ei wared get rid of him, get rid of it
cael ei gwared get rid of her, get rid of it
Gwared
da ar ei ôl e! Good riddance! Good
riddance to him!
2 redemption, deliverance
3 afterbirth
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Common Celtic
From British: Cornish: gweres (= help), Breton gwared (= help, protection), gwaredi (to help)
From Common Celtic: Irish fóir (= help)
NOTE: South-east Wales gwarad
:_______________________________.
gwared <GWAA-red> [ˡgwɑˑrɛd] (verb)
More usually: gwaredu (qv) <gwa-REE-di> [gwaˡreˑdɪ]
:_______________________________.
gwared
1 See gwaered = slope
NOTE: gwaered >
gwared through the simplification of the diphthong ae ‹EI› [əɪ] > a ‹A› [a]
:_______________________________.
gwaredigaeth
<gwa-re-DII-gaith, -eth> [gwarɛˡdiˑgaɪθ] (f)
PLURAL gwaredigaethau <gwa-re-di-GEI-thai, -e> [gwarɛdɪˑˡgəɪθaɪ, -ɛ]
1 salvation, deliverance; = rescue from a bad situation, solving of problems
Rhaid i’r Cўmry wneud
pethau drosom ein hunain ac nid disgwyl am waredigaeth gan ў
Cўnulliad a’r Cўnghorau Sir
As Welsh people we
must do things ourselves and not expect salvation from the Welsh Assembly and
the County Councils
Eleri Carrog, sefydlydd brwd a gweithgar Cefn, yn dweud fod yn
rhaid
i'r Cymry wneud pethau drosom ein hunain ac nid disgwyl am waredigaeth gan y
Saeson ac eraill Cymro 13 12 89
Eleri
Carrog, the enthusiastic founder of Cefn, says we Welsh must do things for
ourselves and not expect salvation form the English and others
2 (Chrisitianity) salvation,
deliverance; removal from the influence of sin
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaredig = saved) + (-aeth suffix for forming nouns)
gwaredig (= saved) <
(gwared- stem of gwaredu
= get rid of, literally ‘under-run’) + (-edig past-participle suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwaredol
<gwa-REE-dol> [ˡgwareˑdɔl] adjective
1 redeeming, saving
gwendid gwaredol a redeeming vice
2 dispositionary
prydles waredol gyntaf dispositionary
first lease
ETYMOLOGY: (gwared-, stem of gwaredu
(= get rid of, literally ‘under-run’) + (-ol suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwaredu <gwa-REE-di> [gwaˡreˑdɪ] verb
NOTE: also in the form gwared
1 Christianity save, redeem,
deliver; rescue from evil
gwared rhag... deliver from...,
redeem from...
gwared ni rhag drwg deliver us from
evil
gwared (rhywun) rhàg
angau save (someone) from death
Daniel 3:17, 18 Wele, y mae ein Duw ni,
yr hwn yr ydym ni yn ei addoli yn abl i’n gwared ni allan o’r ffwrn danllyd
boerth, ac efe a’n gwared
ni o’th law di, o frenin. Ac onid e, bydded hysbys i ti, frenin, ni addolwn dy
dduwiau...
Daniel
3:17, 18 If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the
burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of thine hand, O king. But if
not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve they gods...
Mae rhywrai wedi galw ar i ni fabwysiadu
bara lawr fel un o’n prydau cenedlaethol ond Duw a’n gwaredo rhag y fath beth
Some people have urged us to adopt laver bread as one of our national meals but
God save us from such a fate! (“from such a thing”)
2 save from, deliver from, rescue from;
take from a situation where there is danger, the possibility of injury or death
Un o’r rhai fu yn ei waredu o’r
dwfr ydoedd Rhobet Wiliam, Ty Pella
One of the people who took part in
rescuing him from the water was Rhobet Wiliam, of Ty Pella (far house)
Esboniad ar y Beibl Sanctaidd, Owen Jones, Wyddgrug, 1840:
SALM LXXVI. Hwўrach i'r Salm hon gael ei hўsgrifenu pan
waredwўd Jerusalem oddiwrth Senacherib.
SALM LXXVI. Maybe this Psalm was written when Jerusalem was delivered from
Senacherib
3 there are many oaths with gwaredu
A’n gwaredo oll! (“may God save us
all”)
Duw a’n gwaredo ni God save us!
Duw a’n gwaredo rhag y fath beth God
save us from such a thing!
Gwared ni! (“may we be saved”)
Gwared ni rhag drwg (“may we be
saved from evil”)
Gwared pawb! (“may everybody by
saved “)
Gwared y gwirion! North Wales (“may the innocent one be
saved”)
Gwared ’y nghalon i! Arfon, county of Gwynedd (“may my heart be saved”)
Y Nef a’n gwaredo ni (“may heaven
save us”)
Y nefoedd a’m gwaredo! Heaven help
me! (“may heaven save me”)
4 South Wales get rid of, to get shot of, dispose of, remove to
Rhaid gadael y mwyar duon dros nos mewn
dwr â halen. Mater bach wedyn yn y bore yw gwaredu cyrff y cynrhon gyda’r dwr i
lawr drwy dwll y sinc
The blackberries should be left overnight in salt and water. It’s a small
matter then in the morning to get rid of the dead maggots (‘the bodies of the
maggots’) with water down the plughole
taflu hen lyfrau i bentwr ar lawr i’w gwaredu throwing old books onto a
pile on the floor to throw them out
gwaredu ysbwriel <ə-SBUR-yel> [əˡsbʊrjɛl] (m)
1 refuse disposal, waste disposal
cerbyd gwared 'sbwriel rubbish lorry
5 remove, take out
Mae wraemia yn dod yn sgil methiant ar
ran yr arennau i waredu’r wrea o’r corff
Uraemia results from the failure of the kidneys to remove urea from the body
6 South Wales put down (an animal), have (an animal) put down
Bu raid i ni waredu’r hen gath
We had to have the old cat put down
7 kill
Rhaid gwaredu cymaint o’r gelyn ag a
allwn, meddai’r cadno
We must kill as many of the enemy as we can, said the fox
8 North Wales
gwaredu rhag... in expressions of
surprise - what a...
Gwaredu rhag y fath wastraff! What a
waste!
In North Wales, the use of gwaredu
to express surprise has developed from the phrase Duw a’n gwaredo ni! (may God save us)
9 North Wales gwaredu at
be astonished at, be surprised at
Rw i’n gwaredu atoch chi’n meddwl y fath
beth!
I’m astonished that you think such a thing!
10 North Wales gwaredu be
shocked at, be appalled at
11 North Wales gwaredu at
deplore = show strong disapproval
13 anwared- obsolete =
imitate (an = intensifying prefix) +
soft mutation + (gwared = to save)
14 dynwared (modern Welsh) = imitate
(dy = intensifying prefix) + (anwared = imitate (obsolete in modern Welsh))
anwared is (an intensifying prefix) + soft mutation +
(gwared = to save)
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh gwared (= ‘under-run’), < gwored (gwo- = under) + soft mutation + (rhed = run) < British wo-ret-
(wo- is from Celtic < *uop-)
With the same structure: Latin succurrere
(= to run to give help); (sub =
under) + (currere = to run)
This is the origin of English succor
(Englandic: succour) < French sucurir < Latin succurrere
gwaredu is (gwared) + (-u verbal suffix)
Cornish gwerez (= to help), Breton gwaredi (= to help)
:_______________________________.
gwaredwr <gwa-REE-dur> [gwaˡreˑdʊr] verb masculine noun
PLURAL gwaredwyr <gwa-RED-wir> [gwaˡrɛdwɪr]
1 saviour, redeemer
2 Ў Gwaredwr the Saviour
helaethu teўrnas ў Gwaredwr
extend the kingdom of the Saviour, spread the Gospel
ymgyflwyno’n hollol i waith yr Arglwydd, byw yn sanctaidd, ac ymdrechu gyda
phob diwydrwydd i helaethu teyrnas y Gwaredwr
dedicate oneself entirely to the work of the Lord, live a holy life, and endeavour
with all one’s might (“one’s diligence”) to extend the kingdom of the Saviour
gwaredwr gwastraff cofrestredig registered waste-disposal agent
ETYMOLOGY: (gwared-, stem of gwaredu
= to save) + (-wr suffix = man)
NOTE: The Gaulish name Voretovir- coresponds to Welsh gwaredwr
:_______________________________.
gwareiddiad
<gwa-REIDH-yad> [gwaˡrəɪðjad] (m)
PLURAL gwareiddiadau <gwa-reidh-YAA-dai, -e> [gwarəɪðˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 civilisation = advanced state of social development
2 civilisation = society with a complex structure (eg administration, law,
culture)
3 civilisation = nation or people with such a society
4 civilisation = way of life of a people, or characteristic of a period
5 civilisation = intellectual and cultural development
6 civilisation = populated area contrasted with a desert, or a
sparsely-populated area
ETYMOLOGY: (gwareidd- < gwaraidd = civilised) + (-iad noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwareiddiedig
<gwa-reidh-YEE-dig> [gwarəɪðˡjeˑdɪg] (adj)
1 civilised
pobl waraiddedig civilised people
ETYMOLOGY: (gwareidd- <
gwaraidd = civilised) + (-i-edig past participle
suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwareiddio <gwa-REIDH-yo> [gwaˡrəɪðjɔ] (v)
1 civilise
2 become civilised
ETYMOLOGY: (gwareidd- < gwaraidd =
civilised) + (-i-o verb suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwareiddiol <gwa-REIDH-yol> [gwaˡrəɪðjɔl] (adj)
1 civilising
ETYMOLOGY: (gwareidd- < gwaraidd =
civilised) + (-i-ol adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwaren <GWAA-ren> [ˡgwaˑrɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL gwarenau,
gwarenod, gwarenoeddn <gwa-REE-nai, -e, nod, -noidh, -nodh> [gwaˡreˑnaɪ, –ɛ, -ɔd, -ɔɪð, -ɔð]
1 rabbit warren
y waren the warren
y cwningod yn eu gwaren the rabbits
in their warren
2
warren – game preserve, enclosed place for breeding game animals and birds
3
Ysgubor y Waren place in Sant-y-brid
(county of Bro Morgannwg) (“(the) barn (of) the warren”)
ETYMOLOGY: English warren <
Norman < Germanic; cf German bewahren
(= to keep, to preserve)
As with other loans from English a g- is prefixed since an initial w-
is more typical of soft-mutated forms (cf gwal = English “wall”, gwast
= waste, gwast = waist, etc)
NOTE: The word is sometimes seen with double ‘r’ – gwarren / warren – but this is a spelling considered less correct
than gwaren / waren
:_______________________________.
gwargaled <gwar-GAA-led> [gwarˡgaˑlɛd] adjective
1 stubborn,
stiffnecked, obstinate
Exodus 32:9 Yr ARGLWYDD
hefyd a ddywedodd wrth Moses, Gwelais y bobl hyn; ac wele, pobl wargaled ydynt
Exodus 32:9 And the
LORD said unto Moses, I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiffnecked
people.
ffolineb gwargaled mwyafrif y swyddogion
the stubborn foolishness of the majority of officials
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = nape of neck ) +
soft mutation + (caled = hard)
:_______________________________.
gwargaledwch <gwar-ga-LEE-dukh> [ˡgwargaleˑdʊx] masculine noun
1 stubbornness, obstinacy
ETYMOLOGY: (gwargaled = stubborn, obstinate)
+ (-wch suffix for forming abstract
nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwargam <GWAR-gam> [ˡgwargam] adjective
1 stooped,
stooping, with a stoop, with head and shoulders bent forward
Cerddai Morgan yn wargam Morgan
walked with a stoop
2 gwargemi curvature of
the spine
3 Mae’n fingul, mae’n fongam,
mae’n wargul, mae’n wyrgam description of a bridge by Edward Richard,
Ystradmeuirg 1803 (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary
t300)
It is narrow-edged, it is bandy-leggèd (= one of the bases is out of position),
it is narrow-humped, it is leaning to one side
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = nape of neck ) +
soft mutation + (cam = crooked)
:_______________________________.
gwarged <GWAR-ged> [ˡgwargɛd]
feminine noun
PLURAL gwargedion
<gwar-GED-yon> [gwarˡgɛdjɔn]
1 (South Wales) remainder, rest, leavings;
surplus
y warged the remainder
cadw gwarged y cig i’r ci keep the
rest of the meat for the dog
Nid digon heb warged Sufficiency is
only achieved when there is something left over
Ni fu digonedd heb wargedion Enough is only enough when there are
leftovers (Diarhebion Merthyr, 1895)
digon a gwarged enough and to spare
2 (South Wales) gwarged angau
a pile of bones (“(a) remnant (of) death”)
Also: gwarged yr angau
ETYMOLOGY: gwarged < gwargred < gworgred
(prefix gwor = excess, over-) + soft
mutation + (an unknown element cred)
There is dissimulation (R – R) > (R – zero) gwargred > gwarged, as
in the name Margred (= Margaret)
> Marged
NOTE: south-east Wales gwarged > gwarcad; gwargedion > gwarcetion
(delwedd 7500)
:_______________________________.
gwargemi <gwar-GE-mi> [gwarˡgɛmɪ] masculine noun
1 curvature of the
spine, stooped posture
ETYMOLOGY: (gwargam = stooped) +
soft mutation + (-i suffix for
forming abstract nouns) (causes change in the penultimate vowel a > e – vowel affection)
:_______________________________.
gwargrwm <GWAR-grum> [ˡgwargrʊm] (adj)
1 round-shouldered
2 hunched
Eisteddai yn wargrwm wrth y tân He was sitting hunched by the fire
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = nape of the neck, back of the neck ) + soft mutation
+ (crwm = bent )
:_______________________________.
gwariant <GWAR-yant> [ˡgwarjant] (m)
1 expenditure, outlay
ETYMOLOGY: (gwari- stem of gwario = to spend) + (-ant noun
suffix )
:_______________________________.
gwarineb <gwa-RII-neb> [gwaˡriˑnɛb] (m)
1 mildness, gentleness
ETYMOLOGY: (gwâr = civilised) +
(-i-neb noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwario <GWAR-yo> [ˡgwarjɔ] (verb)
1 to spend (money)
gwario swllt er ennill ceiniog penny
wise and pound foolish (“spending a shilling to gain a penny”)
Chewch chi mo’ni hi faint bynnag o arian
’wariwch chi
You won’t get it no matter how much money you spend
gwario’n ddiarbed spare no expense
(“spend ceaselessly”)
gwario’n hael spend generously
gwario ar to spend on
Y mae Lloegr yn gwario – hynny yw, yn gwastraffu - milfiliynau o bunnau bob
blwyddyn ar amddiffyn
England spends – that is, wastes - billions of pounds every year on defence
gwario ei arian ar ddiod spend his money on drink
2 (m), expenditure, spending
Dydi hynna ddim yn swnio fel rhyw wario call iawn i mi
That doesn’t sound like very wise spending to me
...a cheid to newydd o ddarllenwyr yn mhlith rhai na wariasant efallai
geinog ar lyfr o'r blaen. Tarian Y Gweithiwr 24 12 1908 ...and there was a
new generation of readers among those who had maybe not spent a penny on books
previously
:_______________________________.
gwarodau <gwa-ROO-dai, -e> [gwaˡroˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 plural form of gwarrod (= a blow to the neck, a beating on the
neck)
:_______________________________.
gwarogaeth <gwa-ROO-gaith, -geth> [gwaˡroˑgaɪθ, -ɛθ] feminine noun
PLURAL gwarogaethau
<gwa-ro-GEI-thai, -the> [gwaroˡgəɪθaɪ, -ɛ]
1 homage, loyalty
y warogaeth the homage
Addoliad y llu teyrngarol, a’u gwarogaeth
i’r Hollallu Dwyfol. (Eben Fardd / Yr Adgyfodiad / Y Traethodydd /
1851 tudalen 34)
The devotion of the loyal host, and their homage to the Godly Almighty
ETYMOLOGY: form of gwrogaeth (=
homage) influenced by the word gwarrog
(= stooping, hunched)
:_______________________________.
gwarrau <GWA-rai, -e> [ˡgwaraɪ, -ɛ]
1 plural form of gwar (= nape of the neck)
:_______________________________.
gwarrod <GWA-rod> [ˡgwarɔd] (m)
PLURAL gwarodau <gwa-ROO-dai, -e> [gwaˡroˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
(South-west Wales)
1 a blow to the neck, a beating on the neck
Derbyniodd y warrod orau a gafodd ci erióed
He got a beating the like of which no dog had ever had before
ETYMOLOGY: gwarrod < gwarrawd < (gwar = nape of the
neck, back of the neck) + (-awd = noun suffix, indicating an impact)
:_______________________________.
gwarrog·1 <GWA-rog>
[ˡgwarɔg] (f)
PLURAL gwarogau <gwa-ROO-gai, -e>
[gwaˡroˑgaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 stoop, hunched position
2 (North Wales) blow across the shoulders
3 yoke (also figurative)
4 (county of Môn) yoke for carrying buckets of water
5 (adj) stooping, hunched
6 (adj) (South-east Wales) sly
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = nape of the neck, back of the neck) + (-og =
adjectival suffix, noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwarth <GWARTH> [gwarθ] (masculine noun)
1 shame = painful feeling from having done something dishonourable
or laughable; opprobium = disgrace
after some action
cyhoeddi’ch gwarth eich hun
to cry stinking fish (“make public your own shame”);
to complain about or speak critically about one’s own job, family, friends,
etc, or one’s own limitations, errors, misdeeds
dwyn gwarth ar bring shame on,
be a disgrace to
tynnu gwarth ar to shame
2 shame = ability to feel this
di-gywilydd shameless
3 disgrace = shameful action
Gwarth penderfyniad cartref Dr. Price The shame of the decision on the
home of Dr. Price (i.e. a shameful decision to demolish the house of Dr.
William Price)
(Cymro 25 12 96)
4 disgrace, dishonour = shameful object
Mae’r cerflun newydd yn warth The new sculpture is a disgrace
Mae strydoedd llawer o'n trefi yn warth ar gymdeithas The streets of
many of our towns are a disgrace to our society
:_______________________________.
Gwarthaf <GWAR-thav> [ˡgwarθav]
1 division (cantref) of the medieval territory of Dyfed
:_______________________________.
gwarthaf <GWAR-thav> [ˡgwarθav] (adj)
1 upper
ETYMOLOGY: gwarthaf < gworthaf (gwor- < preposition gwor
= on) + (-th-af superlative ending), in British *wor-tam-o-
The word is found in Cornish as gwarthav (= upper)
:_______________________________.
gwarthaf <GWAR-thav> [ˡgwarθav] (m)
PLURAL gwarthafion <gwar-THAV-yon> [gwarˡθavjɔn]
1
top, summit
dod ar warthaf (rhywun) (unpleasant event) overtake (somebody)
2 Gwartha-cwm SO4201 place name, Llan-gwm Isaf, Gwent:
gwarthaf y cwm = [the] top [of]
the valley
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwarthaf (preposition gwor-) + (superlative
suffix –haf) =
British *wor-tam-
From the same British root: Cornish a–wartha (= on top)
NOTE: as in most polysyllables with a final [v], this final consonant is
omitted colloquially.
Hence gwartha in informal spelling <GWAR-tha> [ˡgwarθa]
:_______________________________.
gwarthafl
1 See: gwarthol
:_______________________________.
gwartheg <GWAR-theg> [ˡgwarθɛg]
(plural
noun)
1
cattle; (adj) bovine, cow, cattle
In South Wales da = cattle is used
2 (South-west Wales) dairy cows
- gwartheg duon Cymreig <GWAR-theg-DI-on-kəm-REIG>
[ˡgwarθɛg
ˡdiˑon kəm ˡrəɪg]
(plural
noun) Welsh black cattle
- gwartheg Ffrisia <GWAR-theg-FRIS-ya>
[ˡgwarθɛg
ˡfrɪsja]
(plural
noun) Frisian cattle
- gwartheg Gernsi <GWAR-theg-GERN-si>
[ˡgwarθɛg
ˡgɛrnsɪ]
(plural
noun) Guernsey cattle
- gwartheg Henffordd <GWAR-theg-HEN-fordh>
[ˡgwarθɛg
ˡhɛnfɔrð]
(plural
noun) Hereford cattle
- gwartheg Jersi <GWAR-theg-JER-si> [ˡgwarθɛg ˡʤɛrsɪ]
(plural
noun) Jersy cattle
lleidr gwartheg (USA: cattle rustler) (Englandic: cattle thief)
sioe wartheg, sioeau gwartheg cattle
show
ffender wartheg PLURAL ffenderi
gwartheg cowcatcher = device on the front of a locomotive – metal frame set
at an angle – to clear obstructions from the track
lori wartheg, lorïau / loris gwartheg cattle lorry
croesfan gwartheg cattle crossing
grìd gwartheg cattle grid
pryf gwartheg cattle fly
marchnad wartheg, marchnadoedd gwartheg cattle market
ffermwr gwartheg cattle fly
bridiwr gwartheg cattle breeder
gwartheg godro milch cows
gwartheg sugn suckling cows
ETYMOLOGY: unkown origin. Cornish gwartheg = cattle,
NOTE: A plural adjective is often used - gwartheg duon, etc
:_______________________________.
gwarthegaidd <gwar-THEE-gaidh, -gedh>
(adj)
1 bovine
unrhyw greadur gwarthegaidd - tarw, eidion, buwch, ayyb
any bovine creature – a bull, a bullock, a cow
ETYMOLOGY: (gwartheg = cattle) + (-aidd)
:_______________________________.
gwartheg
blithion
1 milch cows
:_______________________________.
gwarthegwr,
gwarthegwyr <gwar-THEE-gur>
1 cattle dealer
2 stockman, tender of cattle
3 cattle rancher (USA: cowman)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwartheg = cattle) + (suffix -wr)
:_______________________________.
gwarthegydd <gwar-THEE-gidh> (m) = gwarthegwr
ETYMOLOGY: (gwartheg = cattle) + (suffix -ydd)
:_______________________________.
gwarthle <gwarth-le>
(m)
1 pudenda
Eseia 3:17 Am hynny y clafra yr Arglwydd gorunau merched Seion; a'r Arglwydd
a ddinoetha eu gwarthle hwynt
Isaiah 3:17 Therefore the Lord will smite with a scab the crown of the head of
the daughters of Zion, and the Lord will discover their secret parts
ETYMOLOGY: "place of shame" (gwarth = shame) + soft mutation +
(lle = place)
:_______________________________.
gwarthnod (m)
PLURAL gwarthnodau
1 stain on one’s character
ETYMOLOGY: "place of shame" (gwarth = shame) + soft
mutation + (nod = mark)
:_______________________________.
gwarthnodi <gwarth-NOO-di> [ˡgwarθnoˑdɪ] verb
1 brand, cause to
be regarded with contempt
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarthnod = mark of shame) + (-i suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwarthol <gwar -thol> (f)
PLURAL gwarthaflau, gwartholion <gwar-THAV-le, gwar-THOL-yon>
1 stirrup = footrest for a horserider, in the shape of a letter U
hanging on a strap from the saddle
2 something in the shape of a letter U, like a stirrup (eg a clamp)
3 upper of a shoe or boot
ETYMOLOGY: gwarthol < gwarthawl < gwarthafl
(gwar = neck) + spirant mutation + (tafl- = stem of taflu =
to throw; thing thrown).
Another explanation is possible: gwarthafl < gworthafl < gwrthafl
(gwrth = against) ) + soft mutation + (gafl = fork, bifurcation)
NOTE: county of Ceredigion): gwerthol; (South-east Wales): gwrthol
:_______________________________.
gwarthrudd masculine or
feminine noun
1 (obsolete) disgrace, dishonour, shame, ignominy
y gwarthrudd / y warthrudd the
disgrace
Salmau 57:3 Efe a enfyn o’r nefoedd, ac
a’m gwared oddi wrth warthrudd yr hwn a’m llyncai. Sela. Denfyn Duw ei
drugaredd a’i wirionedd.
Psalms 57:3 He shall send
from heaven, and save me from the reproach of him that would swallow me up.
Selah. God shall send forth his mercy and his truth.
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (gwarth =
shame, disgrace) + soft mutation + (rhudd
= red)
:_______________________________.
gwarthus <GWAR-this> [ˡgwarθɪs] (adj)
1 shameful
2 dreadful
:_______________________________.
gwar
troed
1 instep
:_______________________________.
gwar y gynffon
1 rump
:_______________________________.
gwas <gwa -sel> (f)
1 (obsolete) residence, mansion
From the same Celtic root: Irish fos
(= stopping, staying)
Cf Greek hestia (= hearth, household), Hestia goddess of the
hearth
Latin Vesta (= goddess of the hearth); also vestibulum (= court
in front of a house)
:_______________________________.
gwas <GWAAS>
[ˡgwɑːs]
PLURAL gweision
(south: gweison)
Also the diminutive form gwesyn
1 servant, manservant; page boy = boy servant; attendant, employee,
liegeman, vassal
2 (South-east Wales) boy, lad (archaic: swain)
gẃrnewas <GUR-ne-was>, gwrnewâs
<gur-ne-WAAS>
man, youth: literally “man or lad”, “a
man or a boy”;
(gŵr = man) + (neu = or) + soft mutation + (gwas =
lad)
gŵr neu was (Welsh
Laws) man who is elegible to be a compurgator (testifier of a person's
innocence - from an old court procedure where an accused person is acquitted if
enough people can be found who will swear to his innocence); man of
distinction; (South-east Wales)
gwyr a gweision (gwyr a gwiison) men and boys
3 servant = animal in the service of a human
Gwas ffўddlon a chwbl anhepgorol oedd ў ceffўl
The horse was a faithful and indespensable servant
4 servant = animal in the service of another animal, in certain animal names
..a/ gwas ў neidr (“(the) servant (of) the snake”) dragonfly
..b/ (North Wales) gwas ў gog (Prunella modularis) = hedge sparrow
(“(the) servant (of) the cuckoo”). Also gwas y gwcw. Standard name: llwyd
ў gwrych (“grey bird (of) the hedge”)
5 mate = assistant to a tradesman
gwas plўmer plumber’s mate
gwas adeiladwr builder’s mate
6 gwas stabl stable boy, stable lad
gwas fferm, gweision ffermydd [gwaas
FERM, GWEI shon FER midh] farmhand, farm labourer
gwas ў Gilfach the servant from Gilfach farm
gwas bach youngest farm servant; least important servant
7 gwas ўr Arglwydd servant of the Lord
Salmau 103:1 Molwch ўr Arglwydd, Gweision ўr Arglwydd, molwch,
ie, molwch enw ўr Arglwydd.
Psalm 113:1 Praise ye the Lord. Praise, O ye servants of the Lord, praise the
name of the Lord.
Josua 24:29 Ac wedi’r pethau hўn, ў bu farw Josua mab Nun, gwas
ўr Arglwydd, ўn fab dengmlwўdd a chant
Joshua 24:29 And it came to pass after these things, that Joshua the son of
Nun, the servant of the Lord, died, being an hundred and ten years old.
8 gweision siop shop assistants : dyn siop = shop assistant
(male), merch siop = shop assistant (female)
Rhai byr ei cўmwynas yw’r rhan fwyaf o weision cownteri’r swyddfa bost
The majority of the post office counter assistants are not very helpful
9 as a form of address (usually with a short vowel):
fў ngwàs i (= mate, my friend) (North-west Wales – wàsh i)
In (congratulating: Da ngwàs i Well done, my friend
ngwàs i (1) used threateningly (2) used in commiserating: you poor thing
Gad
iddo, wasi drop the subject, mate
Or as a vocative indicated by soft mutation:
wàs (= mate, my friend) (soft
mutation g > ZERO)
Also wà [wa], with the loss of the final [s]
Paid â phoeni, wàs Don’t
worry, mate
Sometimes heard in use by the English Welsh – for example, in south-east Wales
as ‘wuss’
(How are things, wuss?)
10 Also wàs in addressing a dog, a horse, etc
Tyd, wàs! Come, boy!
11 Pwy oedd dў was di llўnedd?; said to someone who is bossy
to people, to someone who orders other people around (GPC) (“who was your
servant / farmhand last year?)
12 mor dlawd â gwas ў clochydd as poor as the sexton’s servant;
indicating extremem poverty
13 gwesyn Diminutive form of gwas
SN8554 Afon Gwesyn name of a river in Brycheiniog The name could refer to its status
as a tributary, as a servant aiding his master, because it was seen as
helping bring water to the Irfon river.
SN8552 Abergwesyn village
14 (North Wales) ўr Hen Was the devil
15 names of objects for various purposes
(South-east Wales) gwas bôn (“servant (of a) base”) support for a gate
hinge
(South-west Wales) gwas dirwyn (“servant (of) winding”) winder of a
spinning wheel
16 gwas
ў shiriff (Sir Benfro) (“(the)
attendant (of) the sheriff”) goldfinch
17 gwas priodas best man
18 gwas cўflog hired man
Dw i ddim ond gwas cўflog I'm only doing my job (“I’m just a hired
servant” – i.e. I can only do what I’ve been told to do)
19 gwas ўstafell chamberlain
gwas sifil civil servant
heddwas policeman (hedd = peace) + soft mutation + (gwas =
servant) Cf heddferch policewoman
caethwas slave (caeth = bound)
gwas negesau, negeswas errand boy, messenger
gwas cegin / gweision cegin kitchen hand / kitchen hands
20 wythnos gwas newydd honeymoon period, initial period of a changed
situation when there is goodwill and no conflict (“week of (a) new servant /
farmhand”)
21 Anwas man's name (obsolete). The meaning is “agitated”; but the
derivation is
(an= negative prefix ) + soft mutation + (gwas = man);
cf Irish anfais (= commotion)
22 digrifwas (literary word) fool = jester, person paid to amuse by
acting the fool, buffoon
nwyfwas (literary word) pimp, procurer (nwyf = passion, bliss)
oferwas (literary word) rake,
wastrel (ofer = futile, useless) +
soft mutation + ( gwas = lad)
23 gwas bach [gwaas BAAKH]
“doormat”, somebody easily manipulable
24 harbinger, herald, forerunner; announcer of the arrival of someone
niwl ў gaea, gwas ўr eira; niwl ўr ha, gwas da
(North Wales) winter mist, a herald of snow; summer mist, a good herald
Compare the similar use of giolla (= lad, servant) in Ireland
Gwas Deiniol
Gwas Dewi
Gwas Mair
Gwas Mihangel
Gwas Padrig
Gwas Sanffráid
Gwas Teilo
Gwas Dwyw
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwas < *gwos < British *wost <
Celtic *so-sto < Indo-European *upo-stho.
This is (upo = under) + (stho
= one who stands) “one who is under [another’s authority]”
From the same British root: Cornish gwas (= servant),
Breton gwas (= man, husband, servant)
From the same Indoeuropean root: Sanskrit upa-sthâna-m (= service), vástu
(= house)
Also in English, ultimately of Celtic origin via Gaulish Latin:
(1) vassal < Old French < Medieval Latin vassallus < vassus
(= servant) + (-allus suffix); vass(us) < Celtic
(2) cf valet < French valet < vaslet (= page) < vas- (vassus) (= servant) + (-let diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwasael <GWA-sail, -sel> (f)
PLURAL gwaeseiliau
1 revelry
2 ale for drinking health (beer, apples and sugar)
y wasael; hefyd y warsel
:_______________________________.
gwasaela <gwa-SEI-la> (vi)
1 wassail = go from house to house singing wassail song
(A Christmas folk custom in South Wales connected with the Mari Lwyd - wassail
singers, i.e. singers of wassail songs, would go from house to house and drank
the health of the
residents with wassail ale)
ALSO: gwasaila (Caerfyrddin)
:_______________________________.
gwasaelwr
<gwa- sae -lur> (m)
PLURAL gwasaelwyr
1 wassailer = person who goes with others from house to house singing wassail
songs
:_______________________________.
gwasaidd <GWA-saidh,-sedh> [ˡgwasaɪð, ˡgwasɛð] adjective
1 servile
Nid oedd ei larieidd-dra
yn peri iddo fod yn feddal a gwasaidd.
His gentleness did not make him (“did not cause him to be”) soft and servile
Prin yr haerai'r Sais-addolwr mwyaf gwasaidd fod hyn yn wir
Even the most servile worshipper of the English would not claim this (to be
true)
gwaseidd-dra servility
2 gwaseidd-dra
servility
ETYMOLOGY: (gwas = lad; servant) + (-aidd suffix
for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwasail (f) <GWA-sail,-sel> [ˡgwasaɪl, ˡgwasɛl]
1 subsoil
Clai yw tir gwasail Cae’r Bont
The subsoil of Bridge Field is ckay
2 layer
Niwl gaeaf, gwasail eira
Winter mist, a covering of snow
ETYMOLOGY: variant of gosail (GO- = under) + (SAIL = base)
Earlier gwosail; besides gwosail > gosail, also gwosail
> gwasail
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth
‹gwa-SAA-naith, -neth› [gwaˡsɑˑnaɪθ,
gwaˡsɑˑnɛθ] (m)
PLURAL gwasanaethau
<gwa-sa-NEI-thai.
-the> [gwasaˡnəɪθaɪ,
gwasaˡnəɪθaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (religion) service = act of public worship; a religious meeting, where
worshippers receive instruction and from a priest or minister and pray to a
deity, and sacred texts are read and sacred songs are sung.
2 service = a helpful activity; service, disposition, disposal, use
at eich gwasanaeth at your service
rhoi (rhywbeth) at wasanaeth (rhywun) place (something) at (sb's)
disposal
3 service = an organised system to give assistance to people
y gwasanaeth iechyd the health service
gwasanaeth damweiniau breakdown service
4 service = radio service, television service
5 service = provision of transportation facilities to public
y gwasanaeth trenau the train service
6 service = provision of utilities (electricity, gas, etc) to public
gwasanaeth argyfwng nwy gas emergency service (to come promptly to the
aid of consumers where gas appliances are faulty)
7 service = provision of telecommunication facilities to public
8 service = provision of maintenance and repairs
9 service = duties performed by a waiter or servant, attention
given to a customer
Cafodd wasanaeth y gweinydd ar unwaith
She was served by the waiter at once
gwasanaeth gwael bad service
gwasanaeth wrth y bwrdd
waiter service, waitress service,
10 service = employment as a servant
rhai a roes wasanaeth hir ar ffermydd neu ystadau...
people who had given long service on farms or estates
ar wasanaeth milwrol
on military service
11 service = department of a government or administrative body
gwasanaeth diplomataidd diplomatic
service
12 service = provision of something beneficial for reasons of helping people
rather than making a profit
gwasanaeth ar gyfer y cyhoedd public service
13 gwasanaethau motorway services, service area on a motorway (with
petrol station,
cafeteria)
14 hunan wasanaeth self service
15 See: gwasanaethgar, gwasanaethu, gwasanaethydd
ETYMOLOGY: Cf Breton gwazoniezh (= homage)
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth brўsgennad ‹gwa-SAA-naith, -neth › (m)
PLURAL gwasanaethau brysgennad
1 courier service = company providing a speedy letter or parcel delivery
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth-capel <gwa-SA-naith,
-neth, KA-pel> [ gwaˡsɑˑnaɪθ,
gwaˡsɑˑnɛθ ˡkapɛl] (m)
1 chapel-service
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth cudd (m)
PLURAL gwasanaethau cudd
1 secret service = a government department which carries out secret
investigations by collecting information and spying on citizens considered to
be a threat to the rulers of the state
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth
cymdeithasol (m)
PLURAL gwasanaethau cymdeithasol
1 social service
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth
eglwys <gwa-SA-naith,
-neth E-gluis> [ gwaˡsɑˑnaɪθ, gwaˡsɑˑnɛθ
ˡɛglʊɪs] (m)
1
church service
:_______________________________.
gwasanaethgar (adj)
1 obliging
2 useful, serviceable
offeryn hwylus a gwasanaethgar a handly and useful device
:_______________________________.
gwasanaethgarwch (m)
1 obligingeness, servicability
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth
iechyd (m)
1 health service
gwasanaeth iechyd y wladwriaeth
state health service, national health service
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth offrwm
1 offertory, part of mass or communion service where offerings are
made
:_______________________________.
gwasanaethol (adj)
1 ministering
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth-sifil <gwa-SA-naith,
-neth, SI-vil> [ gwaˡsɑˑnaɪθ, gwaˡsɑˑnɛθ
ˡsɪvɪl]
1
civil service = (England - government structure) all government departments
apart from the
armed services (Land, Sea and Air)
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth tân
1 fire service = department of a
local authority which deals with fire prevention and the extinction of fires
and with rescue operations (USA: fire department)
:_______________________________.
gwasanaethu- <gwa-sa-NEI-thi> [gwasaˡnəɪθɪ] (verb)
1
to serve
2 work as a farm labourer
Bu e’n gwas'naethu ffermydd yn y cylch gydol ei oes
He worked as a farmhand on farms in the area all his life
3 serve = perform work for, perform a
duty for
gwasanaethu yn y fyddin serve in the
army
gwasanaethu fel...
perform work as (a person of a specified occupation)
gwasanaethu fel milwyr yn y Dwyrain Pell
serve as soldiers in the Far East
gwasanaethu fel Cadeirydd Cyngor Tref Llandudno
serve as
the Chairman of Llandudno Town Council
4 serve = provide a facility required by a population
Adeiladwyd ysgol ar y ffordd rhwng y
Pandy a Gwytherin i wasanaethu'r ddwy ardal
A
school was built on the orad between Y Pandy and Gwytherin to serve the two
districts
NOTE: colloquially
gwas'naethu / gwasnaethu <gwas-NEI-thi> [gwasˡnəɪθɪ] loss of pretonic syllable
gwўs’neithu / gwўs’neithu <gwas-NEI-thi> [gwəsˡnəɪθɪ] loss of pretonic syllable, reduction of vowel a > ə in new
pretonic syllable
gwўs’nithu / gwўsnithu <gwas-NEI-thi> [gwəsˡniˑθɪ] loss of
pretonic syllable, reduction of vowel a > ə in new pretonic syllable,
reduction of diphthong in the tonic syllable
to a simple half-long vowel ei > i
Yr emyn oedd
hwn, -
Mewn bywyd mae gwasnaethu Duw,
Dydd gras ac Iachawdwriaeth yw...
Llanwynno (1888)
Glanffrwd(William Thomas
1843-1890) Golygydd Henry Lewis 1949. t59
This was the hymn:
In life there is the serving of God / It is the Day of Grace and Salvation
:_______________________________.
gwasanaethwr (m)
PLURAL gwasanaethwyr
1 retainer, servant
Yr oedd yn Hendreforgan wasanaethwr o’r enw Etwart; dynwaredai yr hen
Richards o flaen ei wyneb, a dywedir ei fod megis crwth a thelyn.
In Hendreforgan there was a retainer by the name of Etwart (= Edward); he would
imitate old Richards to his face (“in front of his face”) and it is said that
he was very entertaining (“that he was like a fiddle and a harp”). Hanes
Tonyrefail - Atgofion am y Lle a’r Hen Bobl.
Thomas Morgan. 1899, Caerdydd. Tudalen 47
:_______________________________.
gwasanaethwraig
(f)
PLURAL gwasanaethwragedd
1 maidservant
:_______________________________.
gwasanaethydd (m)
PLURAL gwasanaethyddion
1 servant = a person who works for another, and who performs
household duties
Eisteddai’r gwasanaethўddion o gwmpas yr un ford a'u harglwydd
The servants sat around the same table as their lord
2 servant = a person deprived of freedom to decide for himself
cenedl o wasanaethўddion a fyddwn-ni os rhown fwy o bwyslais
ar ddatblygu'r fasnach ymwelwyr
we shall be a nation of servants if we give any more
emphasis to the development of the tourist industry(eng:) TES-Z
:_______________________________.
gwasarn (m)
PLURAL gwasarnau
1 litter = straw or rushes or grass for animals to lie on
Bu farw rhai o’r defaid ar ôl iddynt fwyta eu gwasarn a ddifwynwyd gan ddw^r
cathod
Some of the sheep died after they ate their litter which had been
contaminated by the urine of cats
gwasarn gwael poor litter, substandard litter
2 bottom, base; straw laid at bottom of a kiln where grain is to be dried
gwasarn odyn kiln straw
3 (lime kiln) base of straw
I lenwi'r odyn... gwely o wellt neu fel y'i gelwid,
gwasarn, yna plyg o gylm ar yn ail â phlyg o gerrig rhyw ddeuddeg modfedd o
drwch i'w thop
Llafar Gwlad 8 1985
To fill the oven... [there was] a bed of straw, or “gwasarn” as it was called,
then a layer of culm alternating with a layer of stones twelve inches thick up
to the top
Habacuc 2:7 Oni chyfyd yn ddisymwth y rhai a'th
frathant, ac oni ddeffry y rhai a'th gystuddiant, a thi a fyddi yn wasarn
iddynt?
Shall they not
rise up suddenly that shall bite thee, and awake that shall vex thee, and thou
shalt be for booties unto them?
ETYMOLOGY: From the stem of the verb gwasarnu (= to put down littrer);
Breton has gouzer (= litter),
In Irish: easair (=litter)
:_______________________________.
gwasarnu (v)
1 litter = put down litter for animals
2 strew, scatter
3 trample on, trample underfoot
4 oppress
ETYMOLOGY: (gwa- = under) + (sarn = litter) + (-u suffix
for forming verbs)
Breto gouzeria (= to litter)
Indo-European *ster, *strê (= extend)
Cf English strew < Old English streowian; German streuan,
Latin struere
:_______________________________.
gwasawyr (m)
1 (Penllyn) swelling, tumour
ETYMOLOGY: (gwa- = under) + (sawyr = smell)
:_______________________________.
gwas bach (masculine
noun)
1
minor servant; dogsbody; drudge = servant with all the hard tasks, lowest
servant
in a hierarchy, menial servant; Joe Soap, one who always ends up doing
the unpleasant tasks
2 something of lesser importance, something which is subservient to another
Gwas bach i'r diwydiant haearn a dur fu glo ar y cychwyn, yn ochrau
Merthyrtudful
Coal was the second to the iron and steel industry at first, by
Merthyrtudful
3 (South-east Wales) latch on a gate
:_______________________________.
gwasband (m)
PLURAL gwasbandiau
1 waistband of trousers, skirt
Variants:
gwasband > gwasbant (south-east)
gwasband > gwasband, gwasbond, gwasbon
Plural:
gwasbonda
There is a clipped form of plural: gwasbandiau > 'sbandie, ’sbandia
ETYMOLOGY: (English waistband > Welsh wasband); (initial g
added to wasband)
:_______________________________.
gwas caru
1 go-between, intermediary, love
messenger
:_______________________________.
gwas cegin
1 scullion = kitchen servant
:_______________________________.
gwas cyflog
1 hireling = person who works for another only because he = she is
paid to do so; hired servant; hired hand
Y pryd hynny yr oedd hawl gan y meistr i labyddio'i was cyflog
At the time the maser had a right to beat up his hired servant
Dw-i ddim ond gwas cўflog
I'm only doing my job
2 hireling = person or institution that is not independent, but that follows
the instructions of its master
Nid oed Ty^’r Arglwyddi ond gwas cўflog i'r Ceidwadwyr
The House of Lords was merely a servant of teh Conservative Party00
:_______________________________.
gwas dan was yw
e
1 “he’s a servant under a servant”
Said of sb who talks loudly about a matter as if his opinion is important
although he has no influence at all in it; (from the seating arrangement at a
table, where below a higher-status was seated a lower-status servant)
:_______________________________.
gwaseidd-dra (m)
1 servility
:_______________________________.
gwaseiddiwch (m)
1 servility
:_______________________________.
gwas ffarmwr (m)
PLURAL gweision ffermwyr
1 farmhand
:_______________________________.
gwas fferm (m) <gwaas FERM> [ˡgwɑːs ˡfɛrm]
PLURAL gweision fferm; or (if from
various farms) gweision ffermydd
<GWEI-shon FERM / FER-midh> [ˡgwəɪʃon ˡfɛrm
/ ˡfɛrmɪð]
1 farmhand
:_______________________________.
gwasg, gweisg <GWASK,
GWEISK> [gwask, gwəɪsk] (feminine noun)
1 press = machine for compressing or flattening
2 press = machine for printing from type
3 press = publishing company
4 press = newspapers and magazines
y wasg the
press
yn ôl stori yn y wasg... according to a story in the press
y wasg Americanaidd la premsa nord-americana
y wasg dabloid the tabloid press
5 press = newspaper reporters and photographers
cynhadledd i'r wasg press conference = (esp politicians, police) meeting
with the press or other mass media to give information
6 gwasg gaws cheese press
7 crush, squeeze, press (of a crowd)
gwasg torf the crush of the crowd
gwasg cynulleidfa the crush of the audience
8 squeezer, press = apparatus for squeezing juice from fruit; press (for making cider, etc)
gwasg olew oil press
gwasg lemon lemon press
9 gwasg waist (wasg under theinfluenceofEnglish waist)
fel mwmi wedi ei lapio mewn rhwymyn o 'i wasg i'w gorn gwddw!
like a mummy wrapped up in a bandage from his waist to his neck
10 (Mining) (South Wales) bulge (in the roof from the pressure of the weight
above it)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwasg < British *wask- < Celtic
Other British languages: Breton gwask (= oppression, compression)
Hibernina languages: Irish fáisc (= squeeze, press)
Compare Castilian, Catalan, Occitan basca (= anguish) < *vasca
ZCP 25 1956 t58
:_______________________________.
gwasgar <GWA-skar> (m)
PLURAL gwasgarion <gwa-SKAR-yon>
1 dispersion
ar wasgar dispersed, scattered
:_______________________________.
gwasgar =
gwasgaru (v)
:_______________________________.
gwasgaredig (adj)
1 scattered
2 (settlement) dispersed
Ardal wasgaredig oedd ardal Ceidio
Ceidio was an area of scattered homes
3 (plural noun) gwasgaredigion stragglers
:_______________________________.
gwasgariad (m)
1 scattering, dispersal, diaspora
:_______________________________.
gwasgarog (adj)
1 scattered
poblogaeth denau wasgarog
a thin scattered population
:_______________________________.
gwasgaru <gwa- ska -ri> (v)
1 scatter, sprinkle
gwasgarwch ychydig o flaed a siwgwr am ben y cwbl
sorinkle some flour and sugar over them all
2 (verb with an object)
scatter = disperse, put to flight
3 (verb with an object)
squander, waste, spend extravagantly
(money),
mab y plas yn gwasgaru arian ei dad ar oferedd
the squire’s son wasting his father’s money on frivolous pleasures
4 (verb with an object) spread (dung)
gwasgaru tail (’sgwaru tail) to spread dung / manure
gwasgaru dom (South Wales) to spread dung / manure
5 scatter (swaths, in hay-making)
gwasgaru gwair strew hay, scatter hay for drying
gwasgaru ўstodau strew hay, scatter hay for drying
6 ar wasgar scattered, dispersed
Y Cymry ar wasgar Welsh people in dispersion, the Welsh diaspora
7 spread, bring (an influence)
Mae ein hysgolion a'n colegau, a’r cyfryngau torfol, a thwristiaieth, a
mewnfudwyr yn gwasgaru dylanwadau Seisnig dros yr holl wlad
Our schools and colleges, the mass media, tourism and incomers spread
English influence all over the country
ETYMOLOGY: British *wo-skar
:_______________________________.
gwasgedd aer
1 pressure
gwasgedd aer air pressure
:_______________________________.
gwasgeddig
(adj)
1 pressurised
:_______________________________.
gwasgedig
(adj)
1 sultry (weather)
2 worried, anxious
Roedd golwg wasgedig ar y ddau The two of them looked worried
:_______________________________.
gwasgfa <GWASK-va> [ˡgwaskva] feminine noun
PLURAL gwasgféydd
<gwask-VEIDH> [gwaskˡvƏɪð]
1 (North Wales) fit
y wasgfa the fit
cael gwasgfa have a fit
2
pang
gwasgfa angau death-pangs
gwasgfa esgor birth-pangs
gwasgfa cydwybod a pang of
conscience, the pangs of conscience
3
oppression, affliction
4
pressure = squeeze, force which compels
5
hardship
yr oedd yn wasgfa ryfeddol arni
she was suffering tremendous hardship
6
(action) crush, squeeze
7 squeeze, crush = pressure of many people in a confined place
8 (heavy traffic) crush, squeeze
Yr oedd yn hwyr arnom yn cyrraedd gan gymaint gwasgfa'r ceir...
t51 Dyddiadur America gan Gareth Alban Davies 1967
We were late arriving because of the heavy traffic (“since so much the
squeezing of the cars”)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwasg-, root of gwasgu = to squeeze, to press) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a
place or action)
:_______________________________.
gwasg gaws
1 cheese press
Wooden frame on a low bench with a large stone as a weight, or wooden box full
of stones, or else made or iron
:_______________________________.
gwasgiad (m)
PLURAL gwasgiadau
1 pressing
2 (hand) grasp, handshake
gwasgiad llipa ei law his weak handshake
3 squeeze
4 hug, squeeze
rhoi gwasgiad i give (sb) a hug /
a squeeze
ETYMOLOGY: (gwasg- root of gwasgu = to press) + (suffix -iad)
NOTE: (South Wales) gwasgad
:_______________________________.
gwasgiant (m)
PLURAL gwasgiannau
1 (mechanical) stress
gwasgiannau a thyniannau stresses and strains
:_______________________________.
gwasg lemon <gwask-LE-mon>
[ˡgwask
ˡlɛmɔn] (f)
1 lemon-squeezer
:_______________________________.
gwasgnod (m)
PLURAL gwasgnodau
1 imprint = name of a publisher with date and place of publication,
usually at the foot of the title-page or at the back of the title page;
or similar information about a printer
Also: argraffnod
ETYMOLOGY: (gwasg = printing press) + (nod = mark)
:_______________________________.
gwasgod (m)
PLURAL gwasgodiau
1 shelter, shade
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwasgod < *gwosgod < *gwosgawd
(gwo- prefix = under) + (sgawd) < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Breton gwasked
From the same Celtic root: Irish foscadh
(= shelter)
NOTE: In south-east Wales, in the form gwishgod
:_______________________________.
gwasgod, gwasgodau
<GWA-skod, gwa-SKOO-dai, -de> [ˡgwaskɔd, gwaˡskoˑdaɪ, gwasˡkoˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
waistcoat
y wasgod the waistcoat
gwasgod wlanen flannel waistcoat
2 gwasgod gaeth strait-jacket = tight coat which a criminal
or insane person is made to wear to prevent struggling or agression or escape
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English waistcoat (waist + coat)
:_______________________________.
gwasgodi (v)
1 shelter
ETYMOLOGY: (gwasgod = shelter) + (verbal suffix –i)
NOTE: NOTE: In south-east Wales, in the form gwashgodi, gwishgoti
:_______________________________.
gwasgodlen (f)
PLURAL gwasgodlenni
1 awning
ETYMOLOGY: (gwasgod = shade) + soft mutation + (llen = curtain)
:_______________________________.
gwasgod lewys (f)
1 sleeved waistcoat
:_______________________________.
gwasgod wlanen (f)
1 (Ceredigion) woollen vest
:_______________________________.
gwasgu <GWA-ski> [ˡgwaskɪ] (verb)
1
to press = exert steady force; crush
gwasgu cyffes o (rywun) extract a confession from (sb)
2 press one’s back against
Fe wasgodd Morgan yn dynn wrth y wal pan welodd y lori yn dod
Morgan pressed his back against the wall when he saw the lorry coming
3 (shoe) pinch, be too tight
mae'r esgid hon yn gwasgu this
shoe's too tight
lle mae'r esgid yn gwasgu / lle
mae'r esgid fach yn gwasgu where the
trouble lies
pan fyddai'r esgid fach yn gwasgu when money is tight, when we have very
little money, when we feel the pinch
Mae'r esgid fach yn gwasgu mewn man na wyddoch chi
(pennill telyn / verse for a harp) “The little shoe pinches in a place
you don’t know” (= you don’t know what my distress might be)
4 pinch, hold (one’s nose)
gwasgu ei thrwyn iddi lyncu'r moddion
pinch her nose to make her swallow the medicine
5 squash
(North) gwasgu ўn seitan squash flat
(South) gwasgu ўn shwps squash flat
6 wring (clothes)
gwasgu’r dw^r o’r dillad wring the clothes
7 squeeze = force together, compress
gwasgu i squeeze into
Fe gawson nhw eu gwasgu i’r stafell
fechan They were squeezed into the small room
8 press down
Gwasgodd yn galed ar y sbardun a neidiodd y car ymlaen
He pressed down hard on the accelerator and the car shot forward
9 press = move by pressing
10 squeeze = apply pressure, crush, in order to extract juice from
gwagu’r orenau squeeze the oranges
11 squeeze = cram, push into
gwasgu’r dillad i’r cês squeeze the clothes into the suitcase
12 squeeze = press out pus or matter or fluid from a pimple, spot, blister
13 gwasgu ar upset
Ma siŵr o fod rhywbeth yn gwasgu arni
t203 Gefynnau Cudd, gan John R Evans 1966
Something must be upsetting her
14 (South Wales) (face) get thinner
Ma fa wedi gwasgu yn 'i wneb (Mae e wedi gwasgu yn ei wyneb) His face
has got thinner
15 1 extort (money) (from sb), squeeze (money) out of (sb)
Fydd hi ddim yn anodd gwasgu pres o'i groen e
It won’t be difficult to squeeze some money out of him
16 gwasgedd pressure (gwasg- + -edd)
diwasgedd (weather) depression
(di-) + soft mutation + (gwasgedd)
17 drws sy'n gwasgu iddo'i hun
a door which folds in on itself, folds like a concertina
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Welsh
From the same British root: Breton gwasga (= to press)
From the same Common Celtic root: Irish fáisg (= to press)
:_______________________________.
gwasgu ar eich gwynt
1
cause shortness of breath
1 bear down on, pressurise
:_______________________________.
gwasgu at ei
gilydd
1 cuddle up to eacxh other
:_______________________________.
gwasgu brest
(North-west Wales)
1 say nothing, keep quiet
lit: = press one's breast
:_______________________________.
gwasgu clust
(North-west Wales)
Also: gwasgu clustiau
1 turn a deaf ear to
lit: = press one's ear, ears
:_______________________________.
gwasgu dwrn
(North-west Wales)
1 clench one's fist
:_______________________________.
gwasgu gwellt
Southern Ceredigion
1 be idle
:_______________________________.
gwasgu i maes
1 squeeze out
gwasgu'r dŵr mâs o'r 'sanau
squeeze the water out of the socks
:_______________________________.
gwasgu i'r gongl (North Wales)
1 corner, drive into a corner
:_______________________________.
gwasgu i'r
gornel (South Wales)
1 corner, drive into a corner
:_______________________________.
gwasgu i'r llaid
1 ride roughshod over
gwasgu pobol onest i'r llaid, er mwyn chwyddo ei gyfrif banc
ride roughshod over honest people in order to inflate his bank account
(“press into the mud”)
:_______________________________.
gwasgu megin (North-west Wales)
1 say nothing, keep quiet
lit: = press one's bellows (= breast, chest)
:_______________________________.
gwasgu'r fèg
1 make do with less, tighten one's belt
2 make a sly dig at sb, get one's own back a bit,
settle the score partially
:_______________________________.
gwas gwely
1 chamberlain
:_______________________________.
gwasgwr (m)
PLURAL gwasgwyr
1 person who presses, squeezes, etc
Nid peiriannydd mohono - gwasgwyr botymau yw e
He’s not an engineer - he’s a button pusher
:_______________________________.
Gwasgwyn
1 Gasconia, region of Occitania
:_______________________________.
Gwasgwynes
1 Gascon woman
:_______________________________.
Gwasgwyniad
1 Gascon man
:_______________________________.
gwasgydd <GWASG-idh> [ˡgwasgɪð] masculine
noun
PLURAL gwasgyddion
<gwasg-ƏDH-yon> [gwasgˡəðjɔn]
1 squeezer
gwasgydd lemwn lemon squeezer
ETYMOLOGY: (gwasg-, root of gwasgu = to squeeze, to press) + (-ydd suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwasg y gwter
1 gutter press
:_______________________________.
gwashgoti (South-east Wales)
1 See: gwasgodi
:_______________________________.
gwas hir
1 occurs as an epithet in Middle
Welsh
Gwas Hir
(‘tall servant’)
:_______________________________.
gwas’naethu /
gwasnaethu <gwas-NEI-thi> <gwa-sa-NEI-thi> [ˡgwasnƏɪθɪ] [ˡgwasanƏɪθɪ]
1 to serve; a form of gwasanaethu
Ўr emўn oedd hwn: “Mewn bўwўd mae gwasnaethu Duw...”
This was the hymn: “In life
there is serving God”
:_______________________________.
gwasod <gwa-sod> [ˡgwasɔd]
(m)
(South-west
Wales)
1 ( = buwch cow = ), heat, desire for a bull;
buwch wasod, buchod gwasod cow in heat, cows in heat
ETYMOLOGY: gwasawd < *gwosawd (gwo- = sota) + (*sawd-
= posar) < British *wo-staat- (Cf Catalan estar =
to be)
:_______________________________.
:_______________________________.
gwastad <GWA-stad> [ˡgwastad]
(adjective)
1
flat, even
2 anwastad uneven (an- = negative prefix) + soft
mutation + (gwastad = flat, even)
llawr pridd anwastad an uneven earthen floor
3 mor wastad â thalcen iâr as flat as a
pancake (“as flat as (the) forehead (of a ) hen”)
4 chwalu yn wastad â’r llawr raze
to the ground
:_______________________________.
gwastad ‹GWA-stad> (m)
PLURAL gwastadoedd, gwastadau
1 level, flat = flat even surface
2 level place
3 plain
4 valley floor
5 gwastadau flats
gwastadau llaid mudflats
6 place names:
..1 Y Gwastad, Bowstrit (Ceredigion)
(“the flat ground”)
..2 Gwastad y Borth (Ceredigion)
(“the flat ground of Y Borth”)
7 the flat of one’s back
ar eich gwastad (lying) flat on your
back, (lying) on your back, (lying) face up
ar wastad eich cefn (lying) flat on
your back, (lying) on your back, (lying) face up
Yr oedd yn gorwedd ar wastad ei gefn ar fwrdd y gegin
He was lying on his back on the kitchen table, he was lying face up on the
kitchen table
1 yn wastad (adv) always, constantly
yn wastad ar ôl, fel gwas y gwcw “always behind / slow to understand
what’s happening, like the cuckoo’s servant / dunnock or hedge sparrow”
gwas ў gog (Prunella modularis) “(the) servant (of) the cuckoo”
The cuckoo uses the dunnock’s nest to lay its eggs for the dunnocks to rear
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh GWÁSTAD < *GWASTÁD < British *GWASTÁT-OS
:_______________________________.
gwastadedd <gwa-
STAA-dedh> (m)
PLURAL gwastadeddau, gwastadeddoedd
<gwa-sta-DEE-dhe, -dhodh>
1 plain
:_______________________________.
Y Gwastadeddoedd
Mawr
1 the Great Plains
:_______________________________.
gwastadfaes (m)
1 plain, downland
:_______________________________.
Gwastadros
1 SH8835 360m
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/328333 Afon Isa
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/202388 Gwastadros
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/202392 y gopa / the top
ETYMOLOGY: ‘flat moor’ (gwastad = flat) + soft mutation + (rhos =
moor, moorland)
:_______________________________.
gwastadrwydd
(m)
1 flatness
:_______________________________.
gwastatäwr <gwa-sta-TAA-ur> [gwaˡstatɑˑʊr] masculine
noun
PLURAL gwastatwyr <gwa-STAT-wir> [gwasˡtatwɪr]
1 leveller
Angau ў Gwastatäwr Mawr Death the Great Leveller
:_______________________________.
gwastateuo <gwa-sta- TEI -o> (North
Wales)
Spoken form: 'steuo
1 pacify, calm, bring into line
ETYMOLOGY: (gwastatáu) + (-o)
:_______________________________.
gwastatir <gwa-STA-TIr> [gwaˡstatɪr] masculine
noun
PLURAL gwastatwyr <gwa-sta-TI-roidh -odh> [gwastaˡtiˑrɔɪð -ɔð]
1 plain
gwastatir llifwaddod alluvial plain
:_______________________________.
gwastatu <gwa- sta -ti>
1 = gwastatáu (to level)
:_______________________________.
gwastedin <gwa-STEE-din>
1 level ground, open country
ETYMOLOGY: (gwastad = plain) + (-in)
:_______________________________.
Gwastedin <gwa-STEE-din>
1 topònim, medieval townland of Nantmel (Powys)
“Gwastedyn Hill” SN9866 south-east of Rhaeadr-gwy
The Welsh name is not indicated on maps (Bryn Gwastedin? Mynydd
Gwastedin?)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/733350
ETYMOLOGY: (See previous entry)
:_______________________________.
gwastodi <gwa-STOO-di>
(South-west Wales)
1 make even, level, smooth
Colloquial form: gwastoti
:_______________________________.
gwas traed
1 footman
:_______________________________.
gwastraff <GWA-straf> [ˡgwastraf] masculine noun
PLURAL gwastraffion
<gwa-STRAF-yon> [gwaˡstrafjɔn]
1
waste
2
gwastraff ar a waste of
Mae dyfrháu’r lawnt yn wastraff ar ddŵr
gwerthfawr Watering the lawn is a waste of valuable water
3
waste = extravagance, frivilous spending
Yr oedd darparu fisoedd cyn dydd yr Arwisgiad, a sôn am wastraff!...
There were preaparations months before the Investiture, and talk about
waste!
ceisio dweud wrth bawb yn y pentref y fath wastraff oedd ar arian y bobol
trying to tell everyone in the village about the great waste of people’s
money (“such waste that was on teh money of the people”)
4
waste = unproductive effort
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English
Cf Lowlandic (Germanic language of Scotland), which has gwastrife (= wastefulness,
extravagance)
:_______________________________.
gwastraff amser
1 a waste of time
:_______________________________.
gwastraff ar
sebon seboni pen asyn
1 (advice to speak one's mind in a matter, even to the point of
causing grave offence)
Llanwrtyd (Wiliam)
“a waste of soap, soping teh head of an ass”
:_______________________________.
gwastrafflyd (adj) (North Wales)
1 wasteful
Colloquially: 'strafflyd
:_______________________________.
gwastraffu <gwa-STRAA-fi> [gwaˡstrɑˑfɪ] (verb)
1
waste, squander, (USA: also: slather)
Bu’r ddau gwmni a gafodd eu preifateiddio'n gwastraffu miliynau o bunnau er
moethusrwydd eu cyfarwyddwyr
The two companies which were privatised wasted millions of pounds on luxury
for their directors
bara a chaws oedd y drefn; gwastraffu enllyn oedd bwyta bara a menyn a chaws
bread and cheese was the thing (‘order’); it was a waste of food (wasting a
complement) to eat bread and butter and cheese
2 waste = not put to good use, misuse
gwastraffu'ch talent waste your talent
:_______________________________.
gwastraffu amser
1 waste time
:_______________________________.
gwastraffu anadl
1 waste (one's)
breath
:_______________________________.
gwastraffus (adj)
1 (person = person)
wasteful, improvident
2 (proses = process) wasteful
:_______________________________.
gwastraffwr
(m)
PLURAL gwastraffwyr
1 waster
2spendthrift
:_______________________________.
gwastrawd <GWA-straud> [ˡgwastraʊd] masculine noun
PLURAL gwastrodion <gwa- strod -yon>
1
groom, stableman
Roedd y gwastrodion yn byw ger y neuadd The grooms lived near the hall
2
equerry = officer who looks after a prince’s or king’s horses
ETYMOLOGY: possibly gwás-strawd < gwas-ýstrawd < (gwas = lad, servant) + (*ўstrawd = saddle, < Latin strâtum = saddle)
:_______________________________.
gwastrodaeth <gwa-STRO-daith, -deth> (f)
(North Wales)
1 discipline, mastery, authority
2 cadw gwastrodaeth ar dominate, keep in check, hold in check
Also gwastradaeth, gwastradedd,
gwastrodedd;
and clipped forms 'strodeth), 'strodath
:_______________________________.
gwastrodedd
<gwa- stro-dedh> (m)
(North Wales)
1 discipline, authority
2 office of a groom
:_______________________________.
gwastrodi
<gwa-stro-di > (vi)
1 serve as a groom
2 discipline, master
3 be boss over, keep down, keep in one’s place, maintain superiority over
Bu gynnau'r heddlu’n gwastrodi y gwrthryfelwr a phrotestwr y daethont ar eu
traws
The guns of the police kept down the rebels and protesters they came across
:_______________________________.
gwastrodion <gwa-STROD-yon>
See gwastrawd
:_______________________________.
gwas twt
(South-west Wales)
1 factotum, odd-job man
:_______________________________.
gwaswlad (f)
PLURAL gwaswledydd
1 vassal state
:_______________________________.
gwas
y baw
1 curlew (Diarhebion o dref
Merthyrtudful 1894-97)
:_______________________________.
gwas y fwyell
1 (neologism) hatchet man, in a company a person who carries out a
policy of getting rid of staff, cutting costs, etc
“(the) servant (of) the axe”
:_______________________________.
gwas y gannwyll
Ceredigion
1 daddy-long-legs, crane fly
“(the) servant (of) the candle”
:_______________________________.
gwas y gog (m)
PLURAL gweision y gog
(North Wales)
1 (Prunella modularis) hedge sparrow
“servant (of) the cuckoo”
Note: Standard name: llwyd y gwrych
”grey / brown (bird) (of) the hedge”
:_______________________________.
gwas y gwcw (m)
PLURAL gweision y gwcw
mor ffyddlon â gwas y gwcw “as
faithful as the hedge sparrow”
yn wastad ar ôl, fel gwas y gwcw “always behind / late, like the hedge
sparrow”
:_______________________________.
gwas y neidr (m)
PLURAL gweision y neidr
(North Wales)
1 (trychfil = insect) dragonfly
2 yellow bunting {penfelen}
Gwas y Neidr oedd yr enw cyntaf i mi glywed ar yr aderyn, a hynny am fod
marciau ar lun nadroedd ar ei wyau. / t43 / Seiat Byd Natur 1971 /
Golygydd: E Breeze Jones
Gwas y Neidr was the first name I heard for this bird, and the reason for this
is that there are marks in teh shape of snakes on its eggs.
ETYMOLOGY: “servant of the snake”
:_______________________________.
gwas y seiri
1 goldfinch
Mae'n rhyfedd meddwl mai dyma'r tro cyntaf i'r cyfaill
weld Jac Nico... Dwn i ddim sawl enw sydd arno fo yng Nghymru -
Eurbinc, Soldiwr Bach y Werddon, Teiliwr Llundain, Peneuryn,
Y Nicol, Gwas y Seiri, a Pobliw...t125 / Seiat Byd Natur / 1971 / Golygydd: E
Breeze Jones
ETYMOLOGY: “servant of the carpenters”
:_______________________________.
gwatar
North Wales
See:gwatwar
:_______________________________.
gwa’th <GWAATH> [gwɑːθ]
1
southern form of gwaeth (= worse)
Usually spelt (less correctly) gwâth
See aa
See gwaath
See gwaeth
:_______________________________.
gwâth
(South Wales)
1
southern form of gwaeth (= worse)
See aa
See gwaath
See gwaeth
:_______________________________.
gwatsiad