kimkat1042e A Welsh to
English Dictionary in scroll-down format. Geiriadur Cymraeg a Saesneg ar
fformat sgrolio-i-lawr.
17-10-2020
21-00
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Index to the online dictionary http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_mynegai_1818e.htm
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gw- In words
derived from Common Celtic, an initial gw
in the modern British languages (Welsh, Cornish, Breton), from an initial w-
in Brythonic, corresponds to an initial f
in the Hibernian languages (Irish, Scottish, Manx)
The
initial g- before a w developed in early Welsh. In British
this initial g- did not exist.
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Welsh |
Irish
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1 |
greddf (= instinct)
(older Welsh gwreddf) |
fréamh (=
root) |
|
2 |
gwair (=
grass) |
feár (=
grass) |
|
3 |
gwared (=
riddance) |
fóir (=
help) |
|
4 |
gwas (= residence,
mansion) |
fos (=
stopping, staying) |
|
5 |
gwasgod (=
shelter, shade) |
foscadh (=
shelter) |
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6 |
gwasgu (=
squeeze, press, crush) |
fáisc (=
squeeze, press) |
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7 |
gwastad (=
flat, even) |
fosaidh (=
steady, firm) |
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8 |
gwaun (=
marshy land) |
fána (= downward
slope, hollow) |
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9 |
gwawd (= ‹ ›
praise,
eulogy, song of praise; ‹ › scorn, derision) |
fáth (=
cause, reason) |
|
11 |
gwawl > Y Wawl
in Scotland, southern Roman Wall between Gweryd (Forth) and Clud (Clyde) |
fál (=
hedge, fence) |
|
12 |
gwawr (=
dawn) |
fáir (= sunrise, dawn)
(literary word) |
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13 |
gwayw (=
ache, pain) |
fogha (=
dart, javelin) |
|
14 |
gwchi (=
wasp) |
foiche (=
wasp) |
|
15 |
gwe (=
spider’s web) |
fí (=
texture) |
|
16 |
gwedd (= yoke) |
feadhain [f’a:n’] (=
company, group of people) (apparently the original sense was yoke) |
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17 |
gweili (= empty) (older
Welsh gweilydd) |
fáili (=
pleasant, affable) |
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18 |
gwg (=
frown; disapproval) |
fíoch (= anger,
fury) |
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19 |
gwern (=
alder trees) |
fearn (alder tree;
mast of a ship) |
|
20 |
gwerthyd
(= spindle) |
fearsaid
(= spindle, axle) |
|
21 |
gwledd (=
banquet, feast) |
fleá < fleadh
(= banquet, feast) |
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22 |
gŵr (=
man) |
fear (=
man) |
|
23 |
gwrug (= heather) (now grug
in standard Welsh, but still gwrug in South Wales colloquial
Welsh) |
fraoch (=
heather) |
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24 |
gwŷdd
(= wild) |
fia (= deer,
originally ‘wild animal’; wilderness) |
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25 |
gwŷdd (=
trees) |
fiodh (= wood - in the
sense of ‘material’) |
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26 |
gŵydd (element in the
word gwybod = to know < *gwyddfod) |
fios (=
knowledge) |
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27 |
gwyn (=
white) |
fionn (=
white) |
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28 |
gwyr (= oblique, crooked) |
fiar (= oblique, perverse, warped) |
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29 |
gwŷs (= summons, writ) |
fios (= knowledge) |
:_______________________________.
gw-
Forms with initial w- were historically
always soft-mutated forms of gw- (gwasg = press, y wasg =
the press).
As a result some loans from English with initial w- developed an initial
g in Welsh as the radical form
gwal (plural gwelydd) = wall (though wal is the usual radical
form in modern Welsh)
gwasgod = waistcoat
gwast = waist
gwidw = widow
Gwersyllt (SJ3152) locality in the county of Wrecsam. From the English name
Wershull (1315) apparently ‘gallows hill’ (Llafar Gwlad, Haf 1985, Rhif
9)
Gwesbyr (SJ1183) locality in the county of Y Fflint. Recorded in the
year 1086 as Westberie (an English name = western farmstead; corresponds
to modern English west, and bury = in place names: fort)
Gwilym = William
We can also compare words of British origin which are similar to words in other
languages to see this initial g- in Welsh
1) gwo- (= under, sub-, hypo-) (an obsolete prefix, now generally go)
< British wo
Equivalent to English hypo- < Greek hupo (this ‘p’ was lost in
Celtic equivalents)
2) gwerth (= value) cf. English worth (Note: despite the
similarity in form, gwerth is not a borrowing from English worth)
3) gwydd (element = ‘knowing’, found in gwybod = to know) related
to English wit (= intelligence)
Compare also Latin words which were borrowed into British (v was
pronounced as u / w)
4) Latin venênum (= poison) > Welsh gwenwyn (= poison)
5) Latin viridem (= green) > vir’d- > Welsh gwyrdd (=
green)
:_______________________________.
gw-
1 In South-east
Wales, in the tradional dialect which was widely spoken a century ago but is
now moribund, a couple of words which in the standard language begin with chw-
(chwarae and chwerw) occur with gw-.
In the case of the word chwarae this is similar to the Cornish word,
though not the Breton form; and in the case of chwerw, this gw-
is not found in Cornish.
(delwedd 7476)
(1) gwara
= standard Welsh chwarae (= to play; a game) ;
Cornish gwari (= game; theatrical play), Breton c’hoari (= to
play)
(delwedd 7477)
(2) gwerw = standard Welsh chwerw (= sharp, bitter) ;
Cornish hwerow (= bitter), Breton c’hwerv (= bitter)
:_______________________________.
gwaad <GWAAD> [gwɑːd]
1 A proposed informal spelling for the
southern pronunciation of gwaed (= blood)
Usually spelt gwâd / gwa’d in dialogues
See aa
:_______________________________.
gwääd <GWÄÄD> [gwääd]
1 A proposed informal spelling for the
south-eastern pronunciation of gwaed (= blood)
Usually spelt gwêd / gwæd in dialogues
See aa
See gwaad
:_______________________________.
gwaath <GWAATH> [gwɑːθ]
1 A proposed informal spelling for the southern pronunciation of gwaeth
(= worse)
Usually spelt gwâth / gwa’th in dialogues
See aa
:_______________________________.
gwääth <GWÄÄTH> [gwääθ]
1 A proposed informal spelling for the
south-eastern pronunciation of gwaeth (= worse)
Usually spelt gwêth / gwæth
See aa
See gwaath
:_______________________________.
gwacâd <gwa-KAAD> [gwaˡkɑːd] masculine noun
1 emptying, depletion
2 evacuation = (of an area)
removal of people (from danger, etc)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaca-, stem of gwacáu = to empty) + (-ad
suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwacáu <gwa-KAI> [gwaˡkaɪ] verb
1 empty
Gwacaodd y botel i lawr y sinc He emptied the bottle down the sink
2 Physics Chemistry,
pump out, create a vacuum
3 empty = become empty
Yn sgîl gwacáu’r capeli yng Nghymru...
As a consequence of the emptying (= fall in attendance of religious services)
of the chapels in Wales...
ETYMOLOGY: (gwag = empty) + (-hau suffix for forming verbs from
adjectives)
gwag-háu > gwacáu (the combination g + h produces c)
NOTE: gwacáu is generally a southern word; in the north gwagio
and gwagu are used
:_______________________________.
gwachal <GWAA-khel> [ˡgwɑˑxɛl] verb
South-east Wales
1 (infinitive) avoid,
beware, shun
2 (imperative) take care not to...!, mind
you don’t (fall, etc)!
See: gochel (= beware)
(delwedd
7479)
:_______________________________.
gwachel <GWAA-khel> [ˡgwɑˑxɛl] verb
South-west Wales
1 (infinitive) avoid,
beware, shun
2 (imperative) take care not to...!,
mind you don’t (fall, etc)! (North Wales: tenda is to be heard used in
this sense)
See: gochel (= beware)
:_______________________________.
Gwachel Foddi <GWAA-khel
VOO-dhi> [ˡgwɑˑxɛl ˡvoˑðɪ] -
1 Colloquial name for the
inn in central Pontardawe (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan, south-east
Wales); (“Mind you don’t drown”) (English name: Pontardawe Inn)
:_______________________________.
gwachla <GWAKH-la> [ˡgwaxla] verb
South-west Wales
1 (imperative) take care
not to...!, mind you don’t (fall, etc)!
See: gochel (= beware)
:_______________________________.
gwachlwch <GWAKH-lukh> [ˡgwaxlʊx] verb
South-west Wales
1 (imperative) take
care not to...!, mind you don’t (fall, etc)!
See: gochel (= beware)
:_______________________________.
gwachlyd <GWAKH-lid> [ˡgwaxlɪd] verb
South-west Wales
1 (infinitive)
avoid, beware, shun
See: gochel (= beware)
:_______________________________.
gwachul <GWAA-khil> [ˡgwɑˑxɪl] adjective
1 thin, gaunt, lean
2 weak, sickly
3 feeble, poor, substandard
Cwynent am iaith wachul y radio, llawn o ymadroddion Saesneg
They complained of the poor language of the radio, full of English
expressions
4 o’r gwych i’r gwachul from the sublime to the ridiculous
5 mynd trwy’r gwych a’r gwachul take the bitter with the sweet, have ups
and downs (“go through the splendid (period) and the lean (period)”)
ETYMOLOGY: gwachul < goachul (go intensifying suffix)+ (achul
= thin)
:_______________________________.
gwacsiol <GWAK-shol> [ˡgwakʃɔl] adjective
1 empty-headed
ETYMOLOGY: gwacsiol > gwagsiol (gwag = empty) + (siol
= head)
:_______________________________.
gwa’d <GWAAD> [gwɑːd]
1 usual informal spelling for the southern
form of gwaed (= blood)
Also spelt (less correctly) gwâd
See aa and gwaad
:_______________________________.
gwadd,
gwaddod <GWAADH, GWAA-dhod> [ˡgwɑːð, gwɑˑðɔd] (feminine noun)
1 mole
y wadd the mole
cysgu fel gwadd sleep like a log, sleep like a baby (“sleep like a
mole”)
mynd i wlad y gwaddod die, kick the bucket (“go to the land of the
moles”)
bod mor ddall â’r wadd be as blind as a bat (“be as blind as the mole”)
:_______________________________.
gwaddod <GWAA-dhod> [ˡgwɑˑðɔd] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaddodion <gwa-DHOD-yon> [gwaˡðodjɔn]
1 sediment, dregs
2 llifwaddod alluvium,
alluvial deposit (llif = flow) + soft mutation + (gwaddod =
sediment)
3 adjective, sedimentary
creigiau gwaddod sedimentary rocks
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwaddod < gwaddawd < *gwoddawd <
British *wo-dât-
From the same British root: Cornish godhes (= sediment)
NOTE: In some places (eg Llanrhaeadr): addod
:_______________________________.
gwaddod <GWAA-dhod> [ˡgwɑˑðɔd]
1 Plural of gwadd (=
mole)
:_______________________________.
gwaddodi <gwa-DHOO-di> [ˡgwaðoˑdɪ] verb
1 precipate,
settle, leave a sediment
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaddod = sediment) + (-i suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwaddodlyd <gwa-DHOD-lid> [gwaˡðodlɪd] adjective
1 full of sediment,
dregs; feculent
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaddod = sediment) + (-lyd suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwadn, gwadnau <GWADN, GWAD-nai, -e> [gwadn, gwadnaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
South Wales: gwaddan , plural gwandde (= gwaddnau) <GWAA-dhan> [ˡgwɑˑðan] <GWAN-dhai, -e> [ˡgwanðaɪ, -ɛ]
Also gwaddan
> gwaddon in the South
1 sole
2 inner sole, insole = insert in shoe
mewnwadn = inner sole, insole
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh
gwadn < *gwodn < British *wotn- < Celtic
South Wales:
1/ gwaddon < gwaddan < *gwaddn, from the plural form
gwaddneu < gwadneu
2/ Plural gwandde (= gwaddnau) < gwaddne < gwaddneu
< gwadneu
From the same British root: Cornish gwodn
NOTE: South Wales (metathesis DD-N > N-DD)
gwaddne (soles of a shoe / boot > gwandde and Rhoddne >
Rhonnde, Rhondda
Cf the river name Llynfi, originally Llyfni, and Dynfant <
Dyfnant showing metathesis V-N > N-V)
:_______________________________.
gwadu <GWAA-di> [ˡgwɑˑdɪ] (verb)
1 deny
2 gwadu rhywbeth yn grwn ac ar
groes completely deny something (“roundly and across”)
gwadu rhywbeth ar ei ben completely deny something
:_______________________________.
gwae <gwai> [gwaɪ] (masculine noun) (obsolete)
1 woe (obsolete, except in
exclamations)
gwae fi! <gwai-VII> [gwaɪ
ˡviː]
(phrase) woe is
me!
:_______________________________.
gwaed <GWAID> [gwaɪd] (masculine noun)
1 blood
Mae drygioni yng ngwaed y teulu
Delinquency runs in the family (“badness is in the blood of the family”)
2 rhoddwr gwaed blood donor
3 bod am waed (rhywun) be out
to get somebody, be after somebody’s blood (USA: be gunning for somebody); be
angry with someone and to be looking for the person to inflict a punishment
(“to be for / to be wanting the blood of somebody”)
Mae e am dy waed di He’s out for your blood
4 gwaetgar bloodthirsty
gwaetgar < gwáed-gar (gwaed = blood) + (-gar
suffix for forming adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru = to love)
NOTE: South Wales gwaed <GWAID> [gwaɪd]> gwa’d <GWAAD> [gwɑːd]
:_______________________________.
gwaedd, gwaeddau <GWAIDH, GWEI-dhai, -dhe> [ˡgwaɪð,
ˡgwəɪðaɪ, -ðɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 shout
y waedd the shout
:_______________________________.
gwaedlif <GWEID-liv> [ˡgwəɪdlɪv] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaedlifau
<gweid-LII-vai, -e> [gwəɪdˡliˑvaɪ, -ɛ]
1 haemorrhage
ETYMOLOGY: “blood-flow” (gwaed = blood ) + soft mutation + ( llif
= flow)
:_______________________________.
gwaedlyd <GWEID-lid> [ˡgwəɪdlɪd] (adj)
1 bloody
Y Nant Waedlyd Name of a brook in Caer-dydd
‘bloody brook / stream’
(nant = brook, stream) + soft mutation + (gwaedlyd = bloody)
Y Rhyd Waedlyd Name of a former ford in Caer-dydd
‘bloody ford’
(rhyd = ford) + soft mutation + (gwaedlyd = bloody)
The second element however is unlikely to be gwaedlyd, and seems to have
replaced another word to make the name more picturesque.
John Hobson Matthews
(Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911):
“The great battle between the Welsh and Norman forces on Cardiff Heath is
supposed to have an echo in the names Nant Waedlyd (Bloody Brook) and Rhyd
Waedlyd (Bloody Ford) which still remain in that locality. The word Waedlyd
is there, however, commonly pronounced "Watla." ”
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaed =
blood ) + (-lyd = adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwaed yr
ael <gwaid ər AIL> [gwaɪd ər ˡaɪl] (adjective)
1 (North) covered in blood
ETYMOLOGY: A remodelled word, now as if meaning “blood of the brow / forehead”
(gwaed = blood) + (yr definite article) + (ael = brow,
forehead).
In fact, gwaed yr ael <
gwaedryal < gwaedryar
:_______________________________.
gwael <GWAIL> [gwaɪl] (adjective)
1 bad; poor (= unsatisfactory, substandard,
bad)
ansawdd gwael bad quality
arferion bwyta gwael bad eating habits
cael adwaith gwael i suffer / have an adverse reaction to
cael diwrnod gwael have a bad day
canlyniadau gwael poor results
dull gwael o wneud rhywbeth a poor method of doing something
iechyd gwael bad health
dewis gwael a bad choice
medrau gwael poor skills
mynd yn hen beth gwael become a tawdry affair
peth gwael a bad thing
gwasanaeth gwael bad service
safon glendid gwael poor standard of cleanliness
safon hylendid gwael poor standard of hygiene
tai gwael poor houses, poor housing
tywydd gwael bad weather
2 collwr gwael bad loser, person who
cannot accept defeat or loss
3 dod allan ohoni’n wael come out of
it badly
4 mewn cyflwr gwael in a serious
condition, very poorly, in a pretty bad way, in quite a bad state, in bad shape
(health) (mewn = in) + (cyflwr = condition, state) + (gwael
= bad)
5 gwaelach waelach (“worse-worse”)
increasingly ill, worse and worse (in health)
mynd yn waelach waelach get worse and worse
Ond yn lle dod yn well mynd yn waelach waelach a wnaeth
But instead of getting better he got worse and worse (“[it is] get worse
and worse that he did”)
:_______________________________.
*gwael <GWAIL> [gwaɪl] (m)
1 obsolete word for wolf,
corresponding to Irish faol (= wolf).
It occurs in the compound gweilgi (= ocean, originally wolf)
ETYMOLOGY: gwael < British < Celtic *wai-los ‘howler,
animal which howls’ < *wai- (= howl)
NOTE: gwaelgi is literally “wolf dog” (*gwael = wolf) + soft
mutation + (ci = dog); gweilgi [ˡgwəɪlgɪ] is a respelling of gwaelgi [ˡgwəɪlgɪ]
:_______________________________.
gwaelbeth <GWEIL-beth> [ˡgwəɪlbɛθ] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaelbethau <gweil-BEE-thai, -e> [gwəɪlˡbeˑθaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 shoddy product, shoddy piece of
work, bad thing
ETYMOLOGY: “bad-thing” (gwael = bad) + soft mutation + (peth =
thing )
:_______________________________.
gwaeledd <GWEI-ledh> [ˡgwƏɪlɛð] masculine noun
1 illness
Bu’n rhaid iddo roi gorau i’w gwaith oherwydd gwaeledd
He had to give up his job because of illness
2 final illness
Diolch i ffrindiau a chymdogion am eu cefnogaeth yn ystod gwaeledd Dewi
Thanks to friends and neighbours for their support during Dewi’s illness
ETYMOLOGY: (gwael = bad; ill) (-edd suffix for forming abstract
nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwäell /
gwaell <GWAA-elh, GWAILH> [ˡgwɑˑɛɬ, gwaɪɬ]
PLURAL: gwëyll, gweill, gweillion <GWEE-ilh, GWEILH, GWEILH-yon> [gweˑɪɬ,
gwəɪɬ, ˡgwəɪɬjɔn] (feminine or masculine noun)
1 knitting needle
y wäell, y gwäell the knitting needle
2 gwäell y ffêr
/ gweyllen y ffêr Achilles tendon (“needle of the ankle”)
:_______________________________.
gwaelod,
gwaelodion <GWEI-lod, gwei-LOD-yon> [ˡgwəɪlɔd, gwəɪˡlodjɔn] (masculine noun)
1 bottom
2 ar waelod <ar WEI-lod> [ar ˡwəɪlɔd] (preposition) at the bottom of; at the end of
ar waelod y rhestr at the bottom of the list
ar waelod yr ardd at the bottom of the garden
3 cyrraedd y
gwaelod eitha’ un reach rock bottom, hit rock bottom (“reach the extreme
bottom”)
4 gwaelodion
= sediment (Morwriaeth) gwaelodion llong bilge; bilge water; = filth
which collects in the bottom of a boat (“sediment(s) (of) ship”)
dŵr gwaelodion bilge water
5 diwaelod bottomless
y pydew diwaelod the bottomless pit
Datguddiad 20:3 Ac a'i bwriodd ef i'r pydew diwaelod, ac a gaeodd arno, ac a
seliodd arno ef, fel na thwyllai efe'r cenhedloedd mwyach, nes cyflawni'r mil o
flynyddoedd: ac ar ôl hynny rhaid yw ei ollwng ef yn rhydd dros ychydig amser.
Revelation 20:3 And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set
a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand
years should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season
:_______________________________.
Gwaelod-y-garth
‹GWEI-lod
ə GARTH› [ˡgwəɪlɔd ə ˡgarθ]
1 village in Caer-dydd / Cardiff
county (since 1996)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/87713
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to
collect geographically representative photographs and information for every
square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
2 farm in Merthyrtudful
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) bottom (of) Y Garth”
(gwaelod = bottom) + (Y Garth name of a hill)
(y definite article) + (garth = hill)
:_______________________________.
gwaered ‹GWEI-red› [ˡgwəɪrɛd]
PLURAL: gwaeredydd<gwe-REE-didh > [gwəɪˡreˑdɪð] (masculine noun)
1 slope
Variants are gwared, (south-east) gwered
2 (Ceredigion) gwared steep slope
3 i wared downwards, downhill
NOTE: gwaered > gwared through the simplification of the diphthong ae
‹EI› [əɪ] > a ‹A› [a]
:_______________________________.
gwaetgar <GWEIT-gar> [ˡgwəɪtgar] adjective
1 bloodthirsty
ETYMOLOGY: gwaetgar < gwáed-gar (gwaed = blood) + (-gar
suffix for forming adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru = to love)
:_______________________________.
gwaetgi <GWEIT-gi> [ˡgwəɪtgɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaetgwn <GWEIT-gun> [ˡgwəɪtgʊn]
1 bloodhound = large dog with an
acute sense of smell used in tracking
Gwaetgwn Gwent (former) nickname for the inhabitants of Gwent (“(the)
bloodhounds (of) Gwent”)
ETYMOLOGY: “blood-dog” gwaetgi < gwaed-gi (gwaed =
blood) + soft mutation + (ci = dog)
gwaetgi < gwaed-gi (gwaed = blood) + soft mutation + (ci
= dog, hound)
:_______________________________.
gwaeth <GWAITH> [gwaɪθ] (adjective)
1 worse
2 mewn gwaeth
cyflwr in a worse state
Yr oedd y tŷ newydd ar y pryd mewn llawer gwaeth cyflwr na’r hen dy
At the time the new house was in a far worse state then the old house
3 ni waeth...
it does not matter...
ni waeth pa mor... no matter how... > waeth pa mor...
Waeth pa mor gyflym y rhedwch, ‘ddaliwch chi mohono No matter how fast
you run, you won’t catch him
y diwrnod hwnnw aethom i _____, wel, ni waeth i ba le, i holi hanes y Cymry
yno
That day we went to _______, well, it does not matter to where, to ask
about the Welsh people there
4 Po hynaf y
dyn, gwaeth ei bwyll The older a man is, the less sense he has; No fool
like an old fool (“the older the man, worse his reason” )
5 newid er gwaeth a change for
the worse
newid er gwaeth to change for the worse
6 gwaethwaeth worse and worse
mynd yn waethwaeth get worse and worse (gwaeth = worse) + soft
mutation + (gwaeth = worse )
:_______________________________.
gwaethaf
(‘gwaetha’) [ˡgwəɪθav, ˡgwəɪθa] (adjective)
1 worst (superlative of drwg =
bad)
2 ar waethaf = in
spite of
ar eich gwaethaf in spite of yourself
bod wedi eich denu at rywbeth ar eich gwaetha be irresistibly attracted
to something (“be after your attracting towards something on your worst”)
3 cael y
gwaethaf ohoni come out of it badly
4 o’r math
gwaethaf of the worst sort
cnaf o’r math gwaethaf the worst of rogues, a rogue of the first order
5 po hynaf y dyn, gwaethaf ei
bwyll > po hyna’r dyn, gwaetha’i bwyll the older a man is, the
less sense he has, no fool like an old fool (“the older the man, worse his
reason” )
:_______________________________.
gwaetha’r
modd <gwei-thar MOODH> [ˡgwəɪθar
moːð]
(adverb)
1 unfortunately
ETYMOLOGY: gwaetha’r modd < gwaethaf y modd “(it-is) worst the
manner” (gwaethaf = worst, superlative form of drwg = bad) + (y
definite article) + (modd = manner, way, means)
_________________________.
gwaeth
eich cyfarth na’ch brath <GWAITH əkh KƏ-varth
nakh BRAATH> [ˡgwaɪθ əx ˡkƏvarθ
nɑx ˡbrɑːθ]
1 your bark is worse than your bite;
a person’s angry words are worse than any action he may do, a person can be
very angry but he won’t really carry out any threats he makes (she) gwaeth
ei chyfarth na’i brath (he) gwaeth ei gyfarth na’i frath
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaeth = worse) + (eich = your) + (cyfarth =
bark) + (na = than) + (eich) + (brath = bark)
:_______________________________.
gwaeth-waeth <gwaith-WAITH> [gwaɪθˡwaɪθ] adjective
1 worse and worse
mynd yn waeth-waeth get worse and worse
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaeth = worse) + soft mutation + (gwaeth = worse )
:_______________________________.
gwaethygu <gwei-THƏ-gi> [gwəɪˡθəgɪ] (verb)
1 get worse, deteriorate
:_______________________________.
gwag,
gweigion <GWAAG, GWEIG-yon> [gwɑːg, ˡgwəɪgjɔn]
(adjective)
1 empty
2 (chair, seat)
free, vacant, empty, unoccupied
Odi’r sedd ’ma’n wag? Is this seat free? Is this seat going free?Is
anybody sitting in this seat?
:_______________________________.
gwagbacio <gwag-BAK-yo> [gwagˡbakjɔ] verb
1 to vacuum-pack,
to vacuumize
wedi ei gwagbacio vacuum-packed (with a feminine noun)
wedi ei wagbacio vacuum-packed (with a masculine noun)
reis wedi ei wagbacio vacuum-packed rice
wedi eu gwagbacio vacuum-packed (with a plural noun)
penwaig mwg wedi ei gwagbacio vacuum-packed smoked herrings,
vacuum-packed smoked kippers
ETYMOLOGY: (gwag = empty) + soft mutation + (pacio = to pack)
:_______________________________.
gwahân <gwa-HAAN> [gwaˡhɑːn] (masculine noun) (obsolete) (adverb)
separation;
ar wahân = separately <ar-wa-HAAN> [ar waˡhɑːn]
:_______________________________.
gwahanglaf [gwaˡhaŋglaf] masculine noun
PLURAL gwahangleifion <gwa-han-GLEIV-yon> [gwahaŋˡgləɪvjɔn]
1 leper = person with leprosy
ETYMOLOGY: (gwahan- = different, separate ) + soft mutation + ( claf
= sick person)
gwahanglwyf <gwa-HAN-gluiv> [gwahaŋˡglʊɪv] masculine noun
1 (Elephantiasis graecorum) leprosy
2 (Bible) skin disease (references in
the Bible are probably to various skin ailments )
Lefiticus 13:49 Os gwyrddlas neu goch fydd yr anafod yn y dilledyn, neu yn y
croen, neu yn yr ystof, neu yn yr anwe, neu mewn dim o groen; pla’r gwahanglwyf
yw efe; a dangoser ef i’r offeiriad
Leviticus 13:49 And if the plague be greenish or reddish in the garment, or in
the skin, either in the warp or in the woof, or anything of skin; it is a
plague of leprosy and shall be showed unto the priest
ETYMOLOGY (gwahan- = different, separate ) + soft mutation + ( clwyf
= wound)
:_______________________________.
gwahaniaeth,
gwahaniaethau <gwa-HAN-yaith, -yeth; gwa-han-YEI-thai, -the> [gwaˡhanjaɪθ, gwaˡhanjɛθ, gwahanˡjəɪθaɪ, -θɛ] (masculine noun)
1 difference
2 os nad oes gwahaniaeth gennych
chi if you don’t mind
“if there isn’t any difference with you” (os = if) + (nad = no,
not) + (oes = is) + (gwahaniaeth = difference) + (gennych chi
= with you)
NOTE: South Wales: gwahanieth > gwa’nieth (gwanieth)
:_______________________________.
gwahaniaethol <gwa-han-YEI-thol> [gwahanˡjƏɪθɔl] adjective
1 distinctive, distinguishing, differential
cyfradd wahaniaethol = differential rate
toll wahaniaethol = differential duty
2 discriminatory
anwahaniaethol nondiscriminatory
ETYMOLOGY: (gwahaniaeth = difference) + (-ol = suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwahaniaethu
<gwa-han-YEI-thi> [gwahanˡjƏɪθɪ] (verb)
1 differentiate
2 discriminate
gwahaniaethu ar sail rhyw sexual discrimination
:_______________________________.
gwahanol <gwa-HAA-nol> [gwaˡhɑˑnɔl] (adjective)
1 different
2 Maen nhw mor wahanol â mêl a menyn
They’re as different as chalk and cheese (“as different as honey and
butter”)
:_______________________________.
gwahardd <GWA-hardh> [ˡgwaharð] masculine
noun
PLURAL gwaharddau, gwaharddon <gwa-HAR-dhau, -dhe, gwa-HAR-dhon> [ˡgwaharðaɪ, -ɛ, gwaharðɔn]
NOTE:
South Wales gwardd; cf gwahaniaeth > gwa’nieth / gwanieth
1 restriction, prohibition
bod gwahardd ar be prohibited (“be a prohibition on”)
2 control
cadw gwardd ar to keep control of, to control (e.g. children)
Does dim gwardd ar y plentyn The child has no discipline (“there is no
prohibition / control on the child”)
3 suspension = barring, exclusion
gwahardd aelod (parliament) suspension of a member
4 Y Gwahardd The Prohibition, the USA law forbidding the sale of
alcoholic beverages in force from 1920 to 1933
5 cyfnod y Gwahardd Prohibition, the Prohibition period = the period
from when the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States
by a constitutional amendment
ETYMOLOGY: from the verb gwahardd = to prohibit
:_______________________________.
gwahardd <GWA-hardh> [ˡgwaharð] verb
NOTE: South Wales gwardd
1 prohibit, disallow, forbid, ban
gwahardd rhywun i wneud rhywbeth forbid somebody to do something
gwahardd rhywun rhag gwneud rhywbeth forbid somebody to do something
gwaharddwyd ni rhag siarad amdani we were forbidden to speak about it
2 gwahardd (rhywun) o’i waith dros dro suspend (someone) from a job
(“prohibit someone from his job temporarily”)
gwahardd (rhywun) o’r brifysgol dros dro rusticate = suspend temporarily
from a college or university (“prohibit someone from the university
temporarily”)
3 gwahardd rhag gyrru suspend from driving
gwahardd rhag dreifio suspend from driving
Fe’i gwaharddwyd rhag dreifio am bum mlynedd
He was banned from driving for five years
4 gwaherddir ysmygu smoking prohibited (“it-is-prohibited +
smoking”)
5 cael eich gwahardd (football) be banned = be suspended from
playing in football matches
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
gwaharddeb <gwa-HAR-dheb> [gwaˡharðɛb] feminine noun
PLURAL gwaharddebau
<gwa-har-DHEE-bai,
-e> [gwaharˡðeˑbaɪ, -ɛ]
1 injunction = order issued by a
court to prevent somebody doing something
y gwaharddeb the injunction
ETYMOLOGY: (gwahardd- stem of gwahardd = to prohibit) + (-eb
suffix, indicating some kind of document)
:_______________________________.
gwaharddiad <gwa-HARDH-yad> [gwaˡharðjad] masculine noun
PLURAL gwaharddiadau <gwa-hardh-YAA-de> [gwaharðˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 prohibition, ban; veto, embargo;
interdict
bod gwaharddiad ar be a ban on
Yn y cartref henoed mae gwaharddiad ar siarad Cymráeg
In the old people’s home speaking Welsh is banned “there’s a prohibition on
speaking Welsh”
ETYMOLOGY: (gwahardd-, stem of gwaharddu = to prohibit) + (-iad,
suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwaherddir
<gwa-HER-dhir> [ˡgwahɛrðɪr]
1 it is prohibited
Gwaherddir ysmygu Smoking prohibited
Gwaherddir ei atgynhyrchu Reproduction prohibited
ETYMOLOGY: present passive; (gwahardd-, stem of gwahardd = to
prohibit) + (-ir present passive termination). The i causes a
change in the vowel in the tonic syllable a > e
:_______________________________.
gwahodd <GWAA-hodh> [ˡgwɑˑhɔð]
(verb)
1 to invite
:_______________________________.
gwahoddiad,
gwahoddiadau <gwa-HODH-yad, gwa-hodh-YAA-dai, -e> [gwaˡhɔðjad, gwahɔðˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 invitation
ETYMOLOGY: (gwahodd--, stem of gwahodd = to invite) + (-iad
noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwain <GWAIN> [gwaɪn] feminine noun
PLURAL gweiniau
<GWEIN-yai, -ye> [ˡgwəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 sheath
y wain the sheath
3 Rho dy dwca yn
ei gwain
Put a sock in it, Shut your trap, Shut up (“put your knife in its sheath”)
ffitio fel gwain am dwca
be a perfect fit, fit like a glove (“fit like a sheath round a knife”)
2 scabbard = sheath
for a sword
gwain addurniedig ynghlwm wrth ei wregys a decorated sheath attached to
his belt
3vagina
4 nut (of a screw)
5 Sometimes
(usually in an English-language context) gwain is a misspelling of gwaun
= heath, moor; moor field
E.g. “Pen-y-Wain Lane”, “Pen-y-Wain Road”, “Pen-y-Wain Place” in Caer-dydd,
named after the former Pen-y-waun farm (“moor end”, “end of the moor
field”). (Correctly: Lôn Pen-y-waun, Heol Pen-y-waun, Maes
Pen-y-waun)
6 gweinio sheathe
= place a knife in a sheath, a sword in a scabbard, etc (gwein- < gwain
= sheath) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
7 dadweinio
unsheathe, draw (dad- = negative prefix) + soft mutation + (gweinio
= sheathe)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwain < gwein < gwe-in < British
< Latin vagîna (= sheath, vagina)
From the same British root:
Cornish goen (= sheath, vagina),
Breton gouin (= sheath, vagina)
:_______________________________.
gwair,
gweiriau <GWAIR, GWEIR-yai, -ye> [gwaɪr, ˡgwəɪrjaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 hay, grass
2 cae gwair hay meadow
3 lladd gwair <lhaadh GWAIR> [ɬɑːð
ˡgwaɪr] cut hay, cut grass
4 (Philaenus
spumarius) llyffant y gwair froghopper (“(the) frog (of) the grass”)
:_______________________________.
gwair
1 obsolete element
meaning ‘turn’, ‘bend’, ‘circle’ found in a number of compound words in modern
Welsh
anniwair (= unchaste) < diwair
Caer-weir Durham, English city situated in a bend of the river Wear.
Origin: (caer = fortress) + (Gweir, older form of gwair).
The river name is of British origin, and probably gets its name from the river
bends where Durham is situated.
cellwair (= a joke, to joke)
cyniwair (= to frequent, to gather)
diwair (= chaste)
genwair (= fishing rod)
Gwerful (= woman’s name, historically Gweirful)
mynwair (= torque, wreath, horse collar)
ETYMOLOGY: gwair < gweir < British
:_______________________________.
..1 gwaith,
gweithiau <GWAITH, GWEITH-yai, -ye> [gwaɪθ, ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -jɛ] (masculine noun)
1 work, activity
bod at eich clustiau mewn gwaith be up to one’s eyes in work (“be to
your ears in work”)
ymroddi eich holl egni i’r gwaith o (wneud rhywbeth) devote all one’s
efforts to (doing something)
Does dim gwaith
yn eich croen chi You’re
workshy; You’re bone lazy (“there’s no work in your skin”)
esgidiau gwaith work shoes
bod dan faich trwm o waith be snowed under with work (“be under a heavy
burden of work”)
torri cefn y gwaith break the back of the work
mewn
llawn gwaith in full operation, fully functioning, fully occupied
2 work = an
occupation for which you receive payment
cael gwaith hawdd get a cushy job
3 gweithgar (adjective) diligent, industrious
gweithio (verb) to work
gweithiwr,
gweithwyr (masculine
noun) worker
4 works = factory
gwaith alcam tin mine, stannary, (also tinworks)
ardal gweithiau alcam stannery (“district (of) tinworks”)
gwaith tùn tinworks
gwaith chwalu carthion sewage works, sewage farm (“work / works (of)
destroying excrements”)
5 works = mine
gwaith alcam <gwaith AL-kam> [gwaɪθ ˡalkam] tin mine, stannary, (also tinworks)
ardal gweithiau alcam stannery (“district (of) tinworks”)
gwaith glo mine
gwaith glo brig (Englandic: opencast mine) (USA: strip mine) (“mine (of)
outcrop coal”)
6 Gwaith Coed <gwaith KOID> [gwaɪθ ˡkɔɪd]
(school subject) woodwork
Gwaith Metel
(school subject) metalwork
7 gwaith dosbarth
class work, work done in class in a
school
8 difficult task
Fe gaiff e waith dal i fyny He’ll have a bit of a job to catch up
Cythraul o waith yw e It’s a devil of a job, It’s one devil of a job
(“(it-is”) (a) devil of (a) job that-is it”)
9 Eitha gwaith
iti! Tough shit, hard cheese, hard lines, hard luck (“extreme + work + to
you”)
10 as a second
element in a compound word: (= work, deed, action; product)
..a/ anfadwaith atrocity, evil deed, foul play, crime (anfad =
atrocious ) + soft mutation + ( gwaith = act, work )
..b/ erchyllwaith atrocity, atrocities (erchyll- < erchyll
= horrible ) + soft mutation + ( gwaith = act)
..c/ crochenwaith (see below)
..d/ gleinwaith (see below)
..e/ metelwaith metalwork, object or objects made of metal
..f/ rhwydwaith network (a literal translation of the English word
(net + work)
..g/ trymwaith toil, hard work (trym- penult-syllable form of
trwm = ) + soft mutation + (gwaith = work)
11 work = objects, craftwork; in
compound nouns
crochenwaith pottery
gleinwaith beadwork (glein-, penult syllable form of glain
= bead) + soft mutation + (gwaith = work)
12 (sign) “Gwaith ar y Ffordd”
(phrase) (roadworks, road up) (“work
on the road”)
13 ar fy ngwaith yn... (phrasal conjunction) (“during my action
...-ing”) as, during the time that
ar dy waith as you... / ar ei waith as he... / ar ei gwaith
as she... / ar ein gwaith as we... / ar eich gwaith as you... / ar
eu gwaith as they...
ar fy ngwaith yn myned i
siop gyfferiau Morddal as I was going into Morddal’s
drugstore
14 “activity” (in speaking of the time taken to go a specified distance)
Bu rhaid cerdded i fyny’r allt bob bore, gwaith rhyw ddeg munud.
We had to walk up the hill every morning, which took about ten minutes (“an
activity (f) some ten minutes”)
:_______________________________.
..2 gwaith,
gweithiau <GWAITH, GWEITH-yai, -ye> [gwaɪθ, ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -jɛ] (feminine noun)
1 time, occasion
bod bumgwaith gymaint â be five times the size of
unwaith once
dwywaith / ddwywaith twice
teirgwaith / deirgwaith three times
pedair gwaith / bedair gwaith four times
pumgwaith / bumgwaith five times
sawl gwaith (adverbial) many a time
sawl gwaith? (adverbial) how many times?
faint o weithiau? (adverbial) how many times?
ambell waith sometimes
:_______________________________.
gwaith
cartref (“cartre”) <gwaith KAR-trev, KAR-tre> [ˡgwaɪθ ˡkartrɛv, ˡkartrɛ] masculine noun
1 homework = school exercises for
preparing at home;
Gwna dy waith cartre! Do your homework!
2 homework =
preparatory work for a meeting, speech, interview, etc
ETYMOLOGY: “work (of) home”, translation of English homework
:_______________________________.
gwaith
dosbarth <gwaith
DO-sparth> [ˡgwaɪθ ˡdɔsparθ]
1 class work, work done in class in a school
:_______________________________.
gwaith dur <gwaith-DIIR> [ˡgwaɪθ ˡdiːr]masculine noun
PLURAL gweithiau
dur <GWEITH-yai, -ye DIIR> [ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -jɛ ˡdiːr]
1 steelworks, steel mill
ETYMOLOGY: (“work (of) steel”) (gwaith = work, works, factory) + (dur
= steel)
:_______________________________.
gwaith
ffordd masculine noun
NOTE: Also gwaith ar ffordd (“work on road”)
1 road works = the
repairing of a road surface, or the installing or maintenance of pipes or
cables under the road
2 (sign) “Gwaith
ar y Ffordd” <gwaith
ar ə FORDH> [ˡgwaɪθ ar ə ˡfɔrð] (roadworks, road up) (“work on the
road”)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaith = work) + (ffordd = road)
:_______________________________.
gwaith glo masculine noun
PLURAL gweithiau
glo <GWEITH-ye-GLO> [ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -ɛ ˡgloː]
1 coal mine, coal
pit (“work (of) coal”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“work (of) coal”) (gwaith = work, works, factory) + (glo
= coal)
:_______________________________.
gwaith glo
brig <gwaith gloo BRIIG> [ˡgwaɪθ gloː ˡbriːg]masculine noun
PLURAL gweithiau
glo brig <GWEITH-yai, -ye gloo BRIIG> [ˡgwəɪθjaɪ, -jɛ gloː ˡbriːg]
1 (USA: strip mine)
(Englandic: opencast workings, opencast pit)
ETYMOLOGY: (“work (of) coal (of) top”) (gwaith = work, works, factory) +
(glo brig = surface coal)
:_______________________________.
gwal / wal,
gwaliau / waliau / gwelydd <GWAL / WAL, GWAL-yai, -ye,
WAL-yai, -ye,GWEE-lidh> [gwal, wal; ˡgwaljaɪ, -ɛ, ˡwaljaɪ,
-ɛ, , ˡgweˑlɪð] (feminine noun)
1 wall
y wal the wall
:_______________________________.
gwâl,
gwalau <GWAAL, GWAA-le> [ˡgwɑːl, ˡgwɑˑlaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 den, lair, kennel
y wâl the den, the lair
gwâl ysgyfarnog hare's form, the bed of a hare shaped by its body
Gwâl y Filiast (qv) “the greyhound bitch’s lair / den / kennel” (name
given to various burial chambers)
Gwâl-yr-hwch (qv)
gwâl blaidd a wolf’s den
2 cipio cneuen o wâl y blaidd
beard (= oppose) the lion in his den; confront someone (“take (a) hazelnut
(from) (the) den (of ) the wolf”)
:_______________________________.
gwalch,
gweilch <GWALKH, GWEILKH> [gwalx, gwəɪlx] (masculine noun)
1 hawk
2 scoundrel
Daeth rhyw walch i wybod y peth, a thynnodd un o’r
ffwrwmau i ffwrdd
Some scoundrel got to
hear about the thing, and he moved one of the benches away
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_testunau/sion_prys_024_taith_americanaidd_1843_0961k.htm
Taith Americanaidd 1843
:_______________________________.
Gwalchmai <GWALKH-mai> n [ˡgwalxmaɪ] (feminine noun)
1 SH3976 Village in the county of Môn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=338856
:_______________________________.
Gwalchmai <GWALKH-mai> n [ˡgwalxmaɪ] masculine noun
1 Bardic name of Richard Parry (1803-1897),
poet, born in Llannerch-y-medd (county of Ynys Môn), a descendant on his
mother’s side of the poet Gwalchmai ab Meilir, of Drefeilir, from whom he took
his bardic name
See Hen Arweinwyr Eisteddfodau / Daniel Williams / Llyfrau Pawb 12 / 1944
:_______________________________.
gwalch y
penwaig <GWALKH ə PEN-waig> [ˡgwalx ə ˡpɛnwaɪg] masculine noun
PLURAL gweilch
y penwaig <GWEILKH ə PEN-waig> [ˡgwəɪlx ə ˡpɛnwaɪg]
1 (Alca torda) =
razorbill
Standard name: llurs
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) falcon (of) the herrings” (gwalch = falcon) + (y
definite article) + (penwaig, plural of pennog = herring)
:_______________________________.
gwalch y
pysgod [ˡgwalx ə ˡpəskɔd] masculine noun
PLURAL gweilch
y pysgod [ˡgwəɪlx ə ˡpəskɔd]
1 Pandion haliaetus osprey
Nid oes gan walch y pysgod
unrhyw elyn naturiol
The osprey has no natural enemy
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hawk
(of) the fish” (gwalch = hawk) + (y definite article) + (pysgod
= fish)
:_______________________________.
gwaled, gwaledi <GWAA-led,
gwa-LEE-di> [ˡgwɑˑlɛd, gwaˡleˑdɪ] (feminine noun)
1 wallet
y waled the wallet
Nowadays usually waled (qv)
:_______________________________.
gwall, gwallau <GWALH,
GWA-lhai -lhe> [gwaɬ, ˡgwaɬaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 error, mistake
bod yn llawn gwallau be full of errors
bod yn llawn gwallau iaith be full of errors of language
:_______________________________.
gwallgof (gwallgo’) <GWALH-gov, GWALH-go> [ˡgwaɬgɔv,
ˡgwaɬgɔ] (adjective)
1 mad = insane
bod yn ynfyd wallgo’ be furious, be hopping mad
mynd yn ynfyd wallgo’ get furious (“go insane mad”)
:_______________________________.
gwallgofrwydd <gwalh-GOV-ruidh> [gwaɬˡgɔvrʊɪð]
masculine noun
1 madness, lunacy
pwl o wallgofrwydd fit of madness, attack of madness, moment of madness
Dywedir fod y ffin rhwng
athrylith a gwallgofrwydd yn
denau iawn
It is said that the
line (“border”) between genius and madness is very thin
ETYMOLOGY: (gwallgof = mad) + (-rwydd suffix for forming abstract
nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwallt,
gwalltiau
<GWALHT, GWALHT-ye> [ˡgwaɬt, gwaɬtjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 hair; head of hair
2 cael gwneud eich gwallt have a hair-do (“get (the) doing (of) your
hair”)
cael trin eich gwallt have a hair-do (“get (the) treating (of) your
hair”)
cael torri eich gwallt have a haircut / hair-do (“get (the) cutting (of)
your hair”)
3 Mae ei wallt yn donnau His hair is wavy (“his hair is (in the form
of) waves”)
4 eurwallt golden hair (eur- penutimate-syllable form of aur
= gold) + soft mutation + (gwallt = hair)
:_______________________________.
Gwallter <GWALH-ter> [ˡgwaɬtɛr] (masculine noun)
1 Walter
:_______________________________.
gwallus <GWA-lhis> [ˡgwaɬɪs] (adjective)
1 full of mistakes
ETYMOLOGY: (gwall = mistake, error) + (-us suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Gwâl y
Filiast <GWAAL ə VIL-yast> [gwɑːl ə ˡvɪljast]
1 Gwâl y Filiast SN1725 Burial
Chamber in 1.5km south-west of Llanglydwen, county of Caerfyrddin
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN1725
2 Gwâl y Filiast ST2484 standing stone by Llanfihangel y Fedw
(county of Casnewydd). (A letter in the Western Mail 23 August 1933 from
Bromley Edmunds, Pen-rhos, Nantgarw states that this was the original name of
‘Druidstone’ on today’s maps of this area – there is a Druidstone Road ST2484
and a Druidstone House ST2484)
The Welsh names would be Heol Gwâl y Filiast (Druidstone Road), and Gwâlyfiliast
(Druidstone House)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST2484
3 Gwâl y Filiast ST0973 Also known as Maes y Filiast “(the) field
(of) the greyhound bitch”, Llech y Fliast “(the) slab (of) the greyhound
bitch”, Castell Carreg “stone castle”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/959459
4 Gwâl y Filiast SN4513 Llangyndeyrn
A History of Carmarthenshire, Sir John E. Lloyd (Editor). (2 volumes, Cardiff,
1935, 1939). Published by the London Carmarthenshire Society: “The name
Twlc-y-filiast is frequently applied to a dolmen in South Wales (Gwal-y-filiast
occurs again as the name of a ruined dolmen in the parish of Llangyndeyrn)”
5 Gwâl y Filiast ST1072 burial chamber between Y Dyffryn
and Llwynelyddon / St Lythans
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/3238
(delwedd 7100)
ETYMOLOGY: “the greyhound bitch’s lair / den / kennel” (gwâl = lair /
kennel) + (y = definite article, ‘the’) + soft mutation + (miliast
= female greyhound)
:_______________________________.
Gwâlyfiliast
<GWAAL ə VIL-yast> [gwɑːl ə ˡvɪljast]
1 (A letter in the Western Mail 23
August 1933 from Bromley Edmunds, Pen-rhos, Nantgarw states that a small farm
at Rhydfelen ST0988, Pont-ty-pridd (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) was known by
this name). (As a farm name it would be spelt as one word - Gwâlyfiliast)
ETYMOLOGY: Same as Gwâl y Filiast above. As a farm name it would be spelt as
one word – Gwâlyfiliast
:_______________________________.
Gwâl-yr-hwch
<GWAAL ə VIL-yast> [gwɑːl ər ˡhuːx]
1 SN5807 farm in Llanedi (county of Caerfyrddin)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=186736
map
ETYMOLOGY: “the wild boar’s lair / den / kennel” (gwâl = lair / den /
kennel) + (yr = definite article, ‘the’) + soft mutation + (hwch =
earlier Welsh: pig, wild boar; modern Welsh: sow)
:_______________________________.
gwan <GWAN> [gwan] adjective
PLURAL gweinion <GWEIN-yon> [ˡgwəɪnjɔn] ; as a noun: PLURAL gweiniaid <GWEIN-yaid -yed> [ˡgwəɪnjaɪd, -jɛd]
1 weak, feeble = lacking physical
strength
Y mae'r Gymraeg yn wannach na'r Saesneg hyd yn oed yn ei chadarnleoedd erbyn
hyn
The Welsh language is weaker than English even in its strongholds by now
2 weak = feeble through sickness or old age
Y mae’n wan, yn wan ofnadwy... Efallai na bydd hi byw tan y nos, medd
y doctor
She’s weak, terribly weak – she might not last until the evening, the
doctor says
Ma Tomos wedi mynd mor wan
Tomos has become really
weak
henwan feeble through old age
3 chwerthin nes eich bod yn wan
laugh until you can laugh no more (“laugh until you are weak”)
(South Wales) hala
(rhywun) yn wan drive (somebody) up the wall
4 (voice) weak = faint, lacking
volume
mewn llais gwan in a weak voice
5 weak = (from illness) feeble, lacking in physical strength or bodily
vigour
6 weak = lacking firmness, stability; (structure) weak = lacking
strength, liable to collapse if subjected to too much strain or weight
pont wan weak bridge
7 weak = lacking power
8 weak = lacking in desirable ingredients, flavour; (drink) diluted
te gwan = weak tea
9 weak = not strong, liable to break, collapse
10 weak, feeble = (excuse) not convincing, lacking soundness
11 weak = (light) lacking intensity, faint, dim
Roedd y golau yn rhy wan i gael llun da o’r garreg fedd
The light was too dim to get a good picture of the gravestone
12 (sun), weak, faint, not giving bright light
Haul gwyn gwan, glaw yn y man (saying) “A white weak sun, rain soon”
13 ar foment wan in a moment of weakness
Ar foment wan fe gytunodd i roi tro arni
In a moment of weakness he agreed to give it a try
15 weak = lacking authority
16 weak = lacking political power
17 weak = ineffectual
18 weak = (stomach) digesting food with difficulty
19 weak = (person) lacking resolution, courage, determination, willpower
20 weak = easily tempted
21 weak = not enthusiastic, not fervent
22 weak = lacking quality
23 soft-headed
Y ffŵl gwan ag ef! the daft fool! (“the weak fool with him”)
South Wales hala (rhywun) yn wan drive (somebody) up the wall
Also: penwan = soft-headed, foolish (pen = head) + soft mutation
+ (gwan = weak)
24 (eyes) weak
25 (knowledge) weak, not well-versed
26 (faith) weak
27 (argument) weak
28 (medicine) weak, ineffective
29 (colour) faint, pale
Pa liw sy orau gen ti ar gyfer y wal? Gwyrdd gwan, neu las?
What colour do you
prefer for the wall? Pale green or blue?
30 (hope) faint
31 (noun) y gweiniaid the weak (taste) weak
cyri gwan a weak curry
32 comparisons:
mor wan â blewyn “as weak as a blade (of grass)”
mor wanned ag ewyn dwr “as weak as foam (on) water”
mor wanned â phabwyren “as weak as (the) wick (of a candle)”
mor wanned â mwg “as weak as smoke”
33 henwan feeble through old age (hen = old) + soft mutation
+ (gwan = weak)
34 y rhyw wannaf (= women) the weaker sex (“the weakest sex”)
35 (mind) weak, feeble, lacking in understanding, unable to reason,
soft-headed
ceffyl bach oedd pob ci yn ol ei meddwl gwan hi
every dog was a little horse according to her weak mind
Y ffwl gwan ag ef! the daft fool! (“the weak fool with him”)
36 epithet in Middle Welsh:
Ieuan Wan (“weak John”)
37 trechaf treisied, gwannaf gwaedded “let (the) strongest oppress, let
(the) weakest shout” survival of the fittest, might is right
38 Haul gwyn gwan, Glaw yn y man weak white sun, rain soon
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwan < British < Celtic *wann-
From the same British root: Cornish gwann (= weak), Breton gwann
(= weak)
From the same Celtic root: Irish fann (= weak);
Cf English wench (= young woman) (archaic, but used facetiously in
modern English)
< Old English wenchel, wencel (= child), < wancol (=
weak)
:_______________________________.
gwân <GWAAN> [gwɑːn] (v)
1 ei gwân hi run off, run away
See gwanu
:_______________________________.
gwan 2 <gwan > [gwan] (m)
PLURAL gweiniaid <GWEIN-yaid, -ed> [ˡgwəɪnjaɪd, -ɛd]
1 weak person, weakling
2 little child
y gwan bach the helpless little creature
:_______________________________.
gwân <GWAAN> [gwɑːn] (v)
See: gwahân
:_______________________________.
gwan eich siôl <GWAAN əkh SHOOL> [ˡgwɑːn əx ˡʃoˑl]
1 (south-west) weak in the head
Transactions of the Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society. Dimetian Dialect
Part 4; M H Jones April 20 1906 gwan ei shol (weak as to his head)
:_______________________________.
gwan o galon <gwan o GA-lon> [gwan ɔ ˡgalɔn] (adj)
1 faint-hearted, scared, pusillanimous
:_______________________________.
gwana' <GWAA-na> [ˡgwɑˑna]
1 See: gwanaf
:_______________________________.
gwanaco <gwa-NA-ko> [gwaˡnakɔ] (m)
PLURAL gwanacod
<gwa-NA-koz> [gwaˡnakɔz] (Patagonian Welsh)
1 guanaco
:_______________________________.
gwanaf, gwanafau / gwaneifiau <GWAA-nav,
gwa-NAA-fai, –e, gwa-NEIV-yai, -ye> [ˡgwɑˑnav, gwaˡnɑˑfaɪ, -ɛ, gwaˡnəɪfjaɪ,
-ɛ ] (feminine
noun)
1 (haymaking) windrow, a row of raked sun-dried grass, swath of cut
grass
y wanaf the swath
y gwanafau gwair the rows of grass
2 space between the ropes securing the thatch of a haystack
3 measure
I lawer, y gair am ystod o wair yw gwana(f), ond defnyddid ef hefyd fel term
mesur. Pan fyddai dynion yn dod i'r fferm i ffustio byddent yn mesur y das, gan
ddefnyddio pen cribyn fel pen mesur. Gwana' oedd hyd un pen cribyn. Clywyd am
un das oedd yn bedwar ar higian o weneifia o hyd.
To many, gwana(f) is the word for a rown of grass but it was used too as
a term for measuring. When men would come to the farm to flail they would
measure the stack, using the top of a stack as a measure. A gwana' was
the length of the top of a stack. I heard of one stack that was twenty four
‘gwanavs’ long.
4 (thatched roof) vertical strip, the space either side of a ladder within
reach of a thatcher
_______________________.
gwanafu <gwa-NAA-vi> [gwaˡnɑˑvɪ] (verb)
1 (of grass which has been cut, after drying in the sun) to rake
(the dried grass) into rows, put in swathes, lay out in rows (corn at harvest)
2 Ceredigion ei gwanafu-hi, ei
gwanaf-hi make off, run off
_______________________.
gwanas,
gwanasau <GWAA–nas, gwa-NA-sai, -e> [ˡgwɑˑnas, gwaˡnasaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 promontory (obsolete; found in place names)
y wanas the promontory
2 peg, nail, hook (eg for harness in stable)
3 prop, stay, support
:_______________________________.
gwanc <GWANGK > [gwaŋk] (m)
1 greed
2 greed for money
gwanc am arian greed for money
3 gluttony, greediness
4 appetite, craving
Mae gwanc yn 'yn stumog-i
Doctor Iŵ-Hŵ Eic Davies 1966, tudalen 9
My stomach's crying out for food
y gwanc am ddifyrrwch diddiwedd
the craving for non-stop entertainment
5 gwangen (Alosa fallax ) twaite shad
< *gwancen
(“the greedy one”) (gwanc = greed) + (-en suffix to make a noun
from an adjective)
6 gwenci weasel = animal with
reddish-brown fur, elongated body and neck, short legs: especially (Mustela
nivalis) = European weasel
< *gwenc-gi (“greed-dog”, greedy dog) (gwanc = greed ) +
soft mutation + (ci = dog)
In South Wales, there are the following variants:
..a/ wenci
..b/ weinci
..c/ winci
:_______________________________.
gwancio <GWANG-yo> [ˡgwaŋkjɔ]
1 gorge, eat greedily
2 long for (something) intensely
3 long (to do something), itch (to do something)
Wn i ddim beth 'wnaeth imi ddechrau bidio am y gist. Efallai am imi weld nad
oedd neb arall yn gwancio i’w wneud.
I don’t know why I started bidding for the chest. Maybe because I saw that
nobody else was prepared to do so
4 lust after
ETYMOLOGY: (gwanc = greed) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwancus <GWANG-kis> [ˡgwaŋkɪs] (adj)
1 greedy, voracious, gluttonous = having an excessive desire for (food,
etc)
2 ravenous
3 comparison;
mor wancus â winci “as greedy as a weasel”
:_______________________________.
gwanddu <GWAN-dhi> [ˡgwanðɪ]
1 South Wales = gwadnu
(qv)
:_______________________________.
gwaneg <GWAA-neg> [ˡgwɑˑnɛg]
PLURAL gwanegau
<gwa-NEE-gai, -e> [gwaˡneˑgaɪ, -ɛ]
1 roller = wave
:_______________________________.
gwangalon <gwan-GA-lon> [gwaŋˡgalɔn] (adj)
1 faint-hearted, scared, pusillanimous
:_______________________________.
gwangaloni
<gwan-ga- lo -ni> [gwaŋgaˡlɔnɪ] (vi)
1 lose heart, become discouraged
llwyddo i gadw ffydd heb wangaloni
succeed in keeping your faith without becoming discouraged
:_______________________________.
gwangen <GWAng-gen> [ˡgwaŋgɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL gwangod <GWAng-god> [ˡgwaŋgɔd]
1 (Alosa fallax ) twaite shad
2 (South-west Wales) gwengyn , gwencyn (Salmo trutta ) sea
trout sewin, sea trout
See gwangen
ETYMOLOGY: < *gwancen (“the greedy one”) < (gwanc = greed)
+ (-en suffix to make a noun from an adjective)
:_______________________________.
gwangod <GWANG-od> [ˡgwaŋɔd]
1 plural form of gwangen
or gwengyn (Alosa fallax ) twaite shad
:_______________________________.
gwanhâd <gwan-HAAD> [gwanˡhɑːd] (m)
1 weakening
ETYMOLOGY: (gwanchá,
stem of the verb gwanháu = to weaken) + (-ad noun suffix) > gwanhá-ad
> gwanhâd
:_______________________________.
gwanháol <gwan-HAA-ol> [gwanˡhɑˑɔl] (adj)
1 debilitating
ETYMOLOGY: (gwanchá,
stem of the verb gwanháu = to weaken) + (-ol adjectival suffix)
> gwanhá-ol > gwanhaol
:_______________________________.
gwanháu <gwan-HAI> [gwanˡhaɪ]
1 (verb with an object) weaken, debilitate, enfeeble, attenuate
2 (vi) grow weak, lose strength
Yr oedd fy hyder yn gwanhau drachefn
My confidence was weakening again
ETYMOLOGY: (gwan = weak)
+ (-háu suffix for forming verbs from adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwanieth <GWAN-yeth> [ˡgwanjɛθ] (m)
1 Southern colloquial
for gwahaniaeth (= difference)
ETYMOLOGY: gwahaniaeth (= difference) > gwahanieth (ae
> e in the final syllable) > gwa’anieth (loss of the h)
> gwanieth
:_______________________________.
gwanio <GWAN-yo> [ˡgwanjɔ]
(North Wales)
1 grow weak, flag
Ond ôl rhedeg ugain milltir dyma fi’n dechrau gwanio
But after running twenty miles I began to flag
2 (language) lose ground (to another language)
Caewyd ugain o gapeli dros y ddegawd honno wrth i'r Gymráeg wanio yn yr ardal
Over twenty chapels closed over that decade as the Welsh language lost ground
in the area
ETYMOLOGY: (gwan = weak) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwanllyd <GWAN-lhid> [ˡgwanɬɪd] (adj)
1 (health) feeble, sickly, delicate, poor
Gresyn gweld yr hen of mor wanllyd ei iechyd yn ddiweddar
It was a great pity
to see the old smith in such poor health recently
2 feeble, weak
sŵn bach gwanllyd a faint weak sound
ETYMOLOGY: (gwan = weak) + (-llyd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwannaidd <GWAN-aidh, -edh> [ˡgwanaɪð] (adj)
1 feeble, week
Daeth yr haul i'r golwg yn wannaidd o ganol y cymylau
The sun came out feebly from amidst the clouds
gwyn gwannaidd y cynfas gwely the feeble white colour of the bedsheet
ETYMOLOGY: (gwann-
< gwan = weak) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwannyd <GWA-nid> [ˡgwanɪd] collective noun
1 (South Wales)
inferior grain
2 There is a street in Ystalyfera (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
called “Pant Y Gwanyd Road” which apparently is this same word
(2009-04-06 I have no earlier examples of this name at present to confirm it)
It would be Heol Pantygwannyd in Welsh, (“(the) hollow (of) the inferior
grain”)
ETYMOLOGY: “weak corn” (gwann-, tonic syllable form of gwan =
weak) + (yd = corn)
NOTE: In Godre Ceredigion (the southern part of the county of Ceredigion) the a
> e due to the influence of the y <i> [ˡɪ] in the fianl syllable: gwennyd.
This in fact was the normal development in such cases in earlier Welsh (tramp
/ trempyn = a tramp, etc.)
:_______________________________.
gwannus <GWA-nis> [ˡgwanɪs] collective noun
1 light chaff
ETYMOLOGY: “weak chaff” (gwann-, tonic syllable form of gwan
= weak) + (us = chaff)
:_______________________________.
gwanstrio <GWAN-stryo> [ˡgwanstrɪɔ] (v)
1 waver, vacillate, hesitate
In the county of Môn as wanstro<WAN-stro> [ˡwanstrɔ]
:_______________________________.
gwantan <GWAN-tan> [ˡgwantan] (adj)
1 fickle
2 (health) poorly, weak
yr oedd golwg wantan arni She looked poorly (“there was a poorly look on
her”)
3 of poor quality, valueless
chwaraewyr
gwantan sydd ag ofn eu cysgod ydyn nhw bob un
they’re poor players afraid of their own shadow, every single one of them
y rhigymau gwantan sy'n pasio fel emynau modern
the
valueless rhymes that pass for modern hymns
4 debilitated, powerless
cyngor gwantan a diddylanwad a weak council lacking in influence
5 (weather) changeable
6 lascivious
ETYMOLOGY: English wanton (now wón-tən, but in earlier
English wán-tən)
NOTE: Also gwantam (n > m).
Cf dinan (= little fort) > dinam in place names, Y Trallwng (= Welshpool) > Y Trallwn > Y
Trallwm (colloquial form)
:_______________________________.
gwanu <GWAA-ni> [ˡgwɑˑnɪ] (v)
1 (verb with an object) pierce, stab, prick
gwanu (rhywun) â chleddyf run a sword through someone
poen anioddefol fel
pe bai rhywun wedi fy ngwanu yn fy mhen-ôl
an unbearable pain as if
somebody had stabbed me in the buttocks
2 (verb with an object) poke, push, stick
wastod yn gwân 'i phen i genol pethach always sticking her head into
things
3 (verb with an object) poke = copulate
4 (vi) ei gwân hi, ei gwanu hi (South Wales) dash off, hurry off
Bu rhaid iddo ei gwanu hi gartref gynted ag y galle fe
He had to dash off home as quick as he could
ETYMOLOGY: gwanu (gwân- < British < Celtic *wan-) +
(-u verb suffix)
From the same British root: Cornish gwana
From the same Common Celtic root: Irish goin (= stab, sting)
:_______________________________.
gwanwan <GWAN-wan> [ˡgwanwan] adj)
1 very weak, very feeble
Arthur. - Mae'n debyg eich bod wedi cael gafael ar rai o hen resymau
gwanwan ac ynfyd Cymdeithas Heddwch. Pe byddai i ni gario allan eu hegwyddorion
hwy, fe fyddai genym fyd hynod mewn ychydig amser! Llyfr Dadleuol t41
Arthur. – It seems that you’ve got hold of some of the idiotic and
extrememely reasons of the Peace Association. If we carrried out their
principles, in a short space of time the world would be in a real mess (“we’d
have a remarkable world”)
ETYMOLOGY: “weak weak”
(gwan = weak) + soft mutation + (gwan = weak)
:_______________________________.
gwanwyn <GWAN-uin> [ˡgwanʊɪn] (masculine noun)
PLURAL gwanwynau <gwan-UI-nai, -e> [gwanˡʊɪnaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 spring = (northern hemisphere) season between winter and
summer, progressively warmer, from the vernal equinox to the summer solstice
spring = (southern hemisphere) season between winter and summer, progressively
colder, from the vernal equinox to the winter solstice (and hence in the Welsh
settlement in Patagonia)
melyn y gwanwyn (“yellow
(flower) (of) the spring”)
An alternative name for llygad Ebrill (“eye (of) April”)
Ranunculus ficaria Lesser celandine
yn y gwanwyn in the spring
bob gwanwyn every spring
2 pen ci ar fore o wanwyn said of unsettled weather in the morning
which gives way to fair weather by the evening; ("head (of) dog on (a)
morning (of) Spring")
3 gafr wanwyn ‹GAA-var WAN-uin›
[ˡgɑˑvar ˡ
gwanʊɪn], geifr wanwyn ‹GEI-vir GWAN-win›
[ˡgəɪvɪr ˡgwanʊɪn] (“goat of spring”), an
alternative name for the troellwr mawr (Caprimulgus europaeus) nightjar
(South Wales) fel
gafr wanwyn (said of a constant moaner) (“like a nightjar”)
bod fel gafar wanwyn be a real moaner
(delwedd
7082)
3 spring = the months of February, March, April, to mid-May
4 spring = the months of March, April, May (USA)
5 spring = the beginning of warmer weather, the appearance of buds and shoots,
the growth of plants
dydd o wanwyn a spring day
Mae hi'n gwneud gwanwyn cynnar Spring has come early
6 spring = a period like spring, early part of a period, the first stage, the
freshest period
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwan|n < gwann|
n < gwae|ann|
n < British *wesant-ên-o-
From the same British root: Cornish GWAINTEN < GWAINTOIN
Related Indo-European words:
Scottish Gaelic Earrach (= spring)
Sanskrit vasantah (= spring), Hindustani basant (= spring),
Punjabi basant (= spring),
Latin vêr (= spring)
> vernus (relating to spring) > vernalis (relating to
spring, vernal);
Late Latin prima vera (“first spring”)
> Italian / Occitan / Catalan / Castilian primavera
Greek ear (= spring)
Russian vesna (= spring)
Old Norse var (= spring), Norwegian vår (= spring)
Proto-Indo-European root *wesr
NOTE: South Wales gwanwn <GWAA-nun> [ˡgwɑˑnʊn];
County of Powys [Maldwyn] gweinwyn <GWEIN-win> [ˡgwəinwɪn]; , gweiniwn <GWEIN-yun> [ˡgwəinjʊn];
:_______________________________.
gwanwynol <gwan-UI-nol> [gwanˡʊɪnɔl] (adj)
1 springtime, spring-like, in spring
Clywid rhyw ysgafnder gwanwynol yn yr awel A spring-like lightness was
to be felt in the breeze
ETYMOLOGY: (gwanwyn
= spring) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwanychdod <gwa-NƏKH-dod> [gwanˡəxdɔd]
1 lingering illness
bod gwanychdod ar have a lingering illness
ETYMOLOGY: (gwanwych-,
stem of the verb gwanychu = to grow weak) + (-dod suffix for
forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwanychiad <gwa-NƏKH-yad> [gwanˡəxjad]
1 enfeeblement
ETYMOLOGY: (gwanwych-,
stem of the verb gwanychu = to grow weak) + (-i-ad suffix for
forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwanychu <gwa-NƏ-khi> [gwanˡəxɪ] (v)
1 (vi) grow weak
Mae haen o Gymreictod o hyd yn Lerpwl, er ei fod yn graddol wanychu
There’s still a layer of Welshness in Liverpool, though it is gradually
weakening
2 (vi) falter, lose enthusiasm,
Dal ati - paid gwanychu yn awr y frwydr fawr
Stick at it – don’t falter in the hour of the great battle
3 (verb with an object) make weak
4 emasculate
ETYMOLOGY: (gwan = weak) + (-ych-u)
:_______________________________.
gwapro <GWA-pro> [ˡgwaprɔ]
1 See: gwobri (= to award a prize)
:_______________________________.
*gwar (1)
1 (1) Old Welsh
preposition (= on, over).
(2) Later it became war
(that is, the soft-mutated form gwar > ghwar > war)
(3) It then became ar through confusion with an existing preposition ar
(= in front of).
(4) Most senses of modern Welsh ar derive from *gwar (= on, over)
rather than ar (= in front of)
2 as a prefix, gwar
(= over-, super-) (1) became gwor-, which has given modern Welsh gor;
...(a) goryfed (= to drink too much) gor + (yfed = to
drink)
...(b) goryrru (= to drive too fast) gor + soft mutation + (gyrru
= to drive) (2) but the prefix gwar- survives in some verbs
...(a) gwaradwyddo (= to rebuke) gwar + (adwydd = sharp, cruel)
...(b) gwrando (historically “gwarando”) (= to listen),
...(c) gwarchae (= to besiege) gwar + aspirate mutation + (cae
= to close, to enclose)
...(d) gwarchod (= to look after) gwar + aspirate mutation +
(cadw = to keep)
NOTE: See gor-
:_______________________________.
gwar (2) <GWAR> [gwar] (f)
PLURAL gwarrau <GWA-rai,
-e> [ˡgwaraɪ, -ɛ]
1 nape of the neck, scruff of the neck, the back between the shoulders, top of
the back
y war the nape of the neck
Daeth i mewn â’r sach ar ei war He came carrying the sack on his back
gerfydd eich gwar by the scruff of your neck
codi’r gath gerfydd ei gwar pick up the cat by the scruff of its neck
codi’ch gwar shrug your shoulders
ar ôl pnawn ar y mynydd, a llosgi ein gwarrau yn yr haul
after an afternoon on the upland, and having burnt the back of our necks in the
sun
2 cael cric yn eich gwar get a crick in your neck
3 bod ar war eich pwll have one foot in the grave (“be on the part
overlooking your grave / pit”)
4 hill (a long flattish hill)
5 place above and behind
ar war (qv) above
Saif hen balasdy y Prichardiaid, sef y Collena, yn nghanol meusydd eang
gwyrddion, ar war Tonyrefail (Hanes Tonyrefail - Atgofion am y Lle a’r Hen
Bobl. Thomas Morgan. 1899, Caerdydd.)
The old mansion of the Prichards, namely Y Collena, stands in the middle of
extensive green fields, above (the village of) Tonyrefail
Common in
place names in south Wales, especially in the south-west
Gwar-bryn gwar y bryn = hill crest, or place above and behind the hill
Gwar-coed gwar y coed = place above and behind the wood
Gwar-ddôl gwar y ddôl = place above and behind the meadow
Gwaryfelin gwar y felin = place above and behind the mill
Gwarffynnon gwar y ffynnon = place above and behind the well
Gwargorof gwar y gorof = place above and behind the wooded precipice
Gwarmynydd gwar y mynydd = place above and behind the upland pasture
Gwar-nant gwar y nant = place above and behind the brook
Gwar-pwll gwar y pwll = place above and behind the pit, the hollow
Gwar-rhos gwar y rhos = place above and behind the moorland
Gwarycaeau street name. Pen-y-cae, Margam; = place above and behind the fields
4 o war above; from above
Un o war Llandeilo oedd e
He was from Llandeilo way, from the country above Llandeilo
Cae war Ty (field name) y cae o war y ty – the field above the house
5 bod ar eich gwar be breathing down your neck, be close behind
(i.e. not leaving somebody alone)
Mae e ar ’y ngwar i o hyd He’s on top of me all the time
6 bod ar ei gwar hi be on top of a job, have made good progress in
some task so that it is on its way to being completed (“be on the back of its
neck”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwar < British *war- < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish gwarr (= nape, curve), Breton gwar
= ([adjective]; curved; [noun] curve)
NOTE: (South Wales) masculine noun gwar, y gwar (North Wales) feminine
noun gwar, y war
:_______________________________.
gwâr (3) <GWAAR> [gwɑːr] (adj)
1 civilised
cymdeithas wâr a civilised society
anwar barbarous
(an- negative prefix) + soft mutation + (gwâr = civilised)
Y mae unrhyw glaf mewn
gwlad wâr yn haeddu y driniaeth orau bosibl yn yr ysbyty
Anybody sick in a
civilised society deserves the best possible treatment in a hospital
2 (obsolete) heating, warming
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwar < *gwor < British
Welsh gwâr is related to the verb gori (= to incubate [an
egg])< gwori, and to the noun gwres (= heat)
Irish: gor (= heat).
Old Irish gor (adj) (= filial, dutiful < warm). In the Welsh Laws, mab
anwar ( = son who isn’t dutiful)
From the same British root: Cornish hwar (= meek, gentle, mild) < in-hwar
< (in) + (gwar)
:_______________________________.
gwaradwydd <gwa-RAA-duidh> [gwaˡrɑˑdʊɪð]
1 ignominy, disgrace, disrepute
Pa un a oeddynt yn haeddu'r gwaradwydd bentyrwyd ar eu pennau nid oes modd
dweud yn bendant. Casglwr 51 1993
Whether they deserved the ignomy that was poured onto their heads there is no
way of saying for sure
diwradwydd without disgrace, exemplary
t62 Englynion Beddau
Dyffryn Ogwen, gan J Elwyn Hughes 1979:
Ym Mynwent Eglwys Sant Cedol, Pentir, ar fedd Edward WIlliams,
Pen Hower...
Ei rodiad fu'n ddi-w'radwydd,
Yn bedair a chanmlwydd;
Dan gêl fe'i rhoddwyd o'n gŵydd.
Obry'r awn ninau'n ebrwydd
Gravestone inscription: In
the Churchyard of Saint Cedol’s Church, Pentir, on the grave of Edward
Williams, Pen Hower...
His passage [through life] was without disgrace
[at the age of] one hundred and four
He was put hidden away from our presence
We too shall go up [to heaven] too soon
Diarhebion 18:3 Wrth ddyfodiad y drygionus y daw diystyrwch, a chyda gogan,
gwaradwydd
Proverbs 18:3 When the wicked cometh, then cometh also contempt; and with
ignominy
reproach
Mae yn chwithig iawn, os nid yn waradwydd ar Gymru, ei bod wedi gadael y
fath ddyn heb un Bywgraphiad. Hanes y Bibl Cymraeg /Thomas Levi / Blwyddyn
a Gyhoeddwyd: ? t96
It is unbecoming, if not a disgrace for Wales, that she [the country] has left
such a man without a single biography
2 rebuke, reproach
3 compensation for insult
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar- intensifying prefix) + (adwydd = sharp, cruel).
The adjective adwydd < British < Common Cceltic *wedi (= to see,
to perceive)
:_______________________________.
gwaradwyddo <gwa-ra-DUI-dhis> [gwaraˡdʊɪðɔ] (v)
1 to reproach, to rebuke
Job 19:3 Dengwaith bellach
y’m gwaradwyddasoch; ac nid cywilydd gennych ymgaledu i’m herbyn.
Job 19:3 These ten times have ye reproached me: ye are not ashamed that ye
make yourselves strange to me.
2 to disgrace, dishonour
3 insult, mock, disparage
Genesis
39:14 Yna hi a alwodd ar ddynion ei thŷ, ac a draethodd wrthynt, gan
ddywedyd, Gwelwch, efe a ddug i ni Hebrëwr i’n gwaradwyddo: daeth ataf fi i
orwedd gyda myfi, minnau a waeddais â llef uchel,
Genesis 39:14 That she called unto the men of her house, and spake unto them, saying,
See, he hath brought in an Hebrew unto us to mock us; he came in unto me to lie
with me, and I cried with a loud voice:
4 put to shame, to shame
gwaradwyddo (rhywun) i wneud rhywbeth shame (someone) into doing
something
5 feel ashamed, be put to shame
Dylai pawb waradwyddo o gael gwybod mai arferiad sydd ar gynnydd yw hyn
Everybody should feel ashamed on knowing that this is a practice which is
growing
:_______________________________.
gwaradwyddus <gwa-ra-DUI-dhis> [gwaraˡdʊɪðɪs] (adj)
1 disparaging, opprobious, disgraceful, shameful
bod yn waradwyddus be a disgrace, be disgraceful, be shameful
Nid yw yn ddim llai na gwaradwyddus it’s nothing less than shameful
Mae cymaint o bethau
gwardwyddus yn cael eu dangos ar y teledu y dyddiau hyn
There are so many
shameful things being shown on TV these days
Apocrypha Eccelsiasticus 23:15 Y dyn a ymarfero â geiriau gwaradwyddus, ni
chymer addysg tra fyddo byw.
Apocrypha Eccelsiasticus 23:15
The man that is accustomed to
opprobrious words will never be reformed all the days of his life.
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaradwydd = disrepute, opprobium) + (-us adjectival
suffix)
:_______________________________.
Gwarafog <gwa-RAA-vog> [gwaˡrɑˑvɔg]
1 locality (SN9548) in Brycheiniog (Powys); a parish at this place
Population: 50 (1961), 65 (1971)
Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 22% (1961), 15% (1971)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN9548
:_______________________________.
gwarafun <gwa-RAA-vin> [gwaˡrɑˑvɪn]
1 (verb with a direct and indirect object) refuse, begrudge [= be envious of; wish
ill or allow unwillingly], deny, envy (somebody something), be jealous of, be
envious of (somebody’s something), be unhappy that somebody has something
Nid wyf yn gwarafun iddo ei lwyddiant I don’t begrudge him his success,
I’m not jealous of his success, I’m happy for his success
Gradd er anrhydedd oedd, ac felly enillodd ei radd heb basio egsam – ond pwy
sy'n mynd i warafun hynny, cymaint ei gyfraniad yn y maes
It was an honorary degree, and so he won his degree without passing an exam
– but who is going to begrudge him that since his contribution to the filed has
been so great
Ni fu i'r cylchgrawn hwn
erióed warafun arian a roir i gylchgronau eraill
This magazine has never begrudged money which is given to other magazines
Ni fynnwn warafun i neb elwa ar ei dalent... ond ydi hi’n deg ei fod erbyn
hyn yn aml-filiwnydd am gicio pêl o gwmpas cae, ac yntau ond yn ugain oed?
I wouldn’t want to criticise anybody for profiting from his or her talent –
but is it fair that he is a multi-millionaire by now for kicking a ball around
a field, when he’s only twenty years old?
Nid oedd y gŵr yn
gwarafun yr un dim iddi
Her husband didn't deny her a single thing
2 prohibit, prevent
plant dan oed yn yfed gwerth tua £20 ddwy neu dair gwaith yr wythnos, nes yn
feddw,
yn nhref Caernarfon, heb i neb warafun
Children under age drinking [and spending] around twenty pounds two or three
times a week, until they are drunk, without anybody preventing them
Gorchwyl achlysurol oedd 'hel priciau', ac yr oedd yn rhaid wrth amser
cyfaddas i wneud hynny. Ac os llwyddem i gael 'baich da,' ni warafunid i ni
dreulio oriau dedwydd yn y Coed
t44 Y Pentre Gwyn, gan Anthropos (Robert David Rowland 1853?-1944),
Tyn-y-cefn, Corwen; 1923
An occasional task was ‘gathering sticks’, and you needed a suitable amount of
time to do this. And if we managed to get a good load, nobody prohibited us
from spending happy hours in the wood.
ETYMOLOGY: gwarafun < gwarofun < gworofun < British < Common
Celtic *wer-wo-mun
:_______________________________.
gwarafuniad <gwa-ra-VIN-yad> [gwaraˡvɪnjad] (m)
PLURAL gwarafuniadau
<gwa-ra-vin-YAA-dai, -e> [gwaravɪnˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 prohibition
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarafun-, stem of gwarafun = prohibit) + (-i-ad
noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwarag <GWAA-rag> [ˡgwɑˑrag] (m)
PLURAL gwaragau <gwa-RAA-gai,
-e> [gwaˡrɑˑgaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (obsolete) loop, bow
ETYMOLOGY: Cornish gwarag (= bow), Breton gwarag (= bow)
:_______________________________.
gwaraidd <GWAA-raidh, -edh> [ˡgwɑˑraɪð,
-ɛð] (m)
1 civilised
Dyledswydd Cymro a'i fath ddylai fod, i roddi amlygrwydd o'n rhagorion pan y
crybwyllir am ein diffygion. Fel y crybwylla awdwr yr ysgrif arweiniol yn y Darian
ddiweddaf, y mae ymddigiadau Cymry ein cymoedd yn fil mwy teilwng na'r dull
a gymerir gan yr estroniaid a dryfrithant ein gwlad ar ein gwyliau, ac nid yw
Cwm Rhondda ar ôl i un Cwm arall yn Nghymru yn y cyfeiriad moesol a gwaraidd,
ond cymeryd y Cymry fel safon, ac nid anwariaid estronol.
The duty of 'Cymro' and his sort should be to highlight our good points when
our failings are mentioned. As the writer of the leading article in the last
'Tarian' mentioned, the behaviour of the Welsh people of our valleys is a
thousand times more dignified than that shown by the foreigners who swarm over
our country on our feast days and Cwm Rhondda is not behind any other valley in
Wales as regards morality and civilisation, taking the Welsh as the standard,
and not foreign barbarians
Llith V, 1897 Tarian y
Gweithiwr
2 anwaraidd uncivilised
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh (gwar = civilised) + (-aidd adjectival
suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwarant <GWAA-rant> [ˡgwɑˑrant] (f)
PLURAL gwarantau <gwa-RAN-tai,
-e> [gwaˡrantaɪ, -ɛ]
y warant = the guarantee
1 warrant
2 guarantee = written statement given when buying a product stating that the
product will be trouble-free for a certain period of time; if not, it will be
repaired free of charge or replaced
gwarant am ugain mlynedd a twenty-year guarantee
3 guarantee = thing which makes another thing certain (e.g. money is no
guarantee of happiness)
4 guarantee = money etc handed over as pledge so that a promise or contract is
not broken
5 guarantee = promise to pay the debt of another if he fails to pay
6 nid + bod yn warant o be no guarantee of
Mae'n ddrama-gyfres; ond ni ddylai hynny, er yn beth i'w groesawu, ddim bod
yn warant
o ryddid rhag beirniadaeth
It’s a drama forming a series; but that should not, though it is
something to be welcomed, be a warrant to free it from critism
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwarant < (?English) < Anglo-French < Old
French guarant < Germanic.
A present participle form (as in modern German -end) of the Germanic
verb waren (= to warrant), with –end replaced by French -ant
:_______________________________.
gwaranteb <gwa-RAN-teb> [gwaˡrantɛb] (f)
PLURAL gwarantebau <gwa-ran-TEE-bai, -e> [gwaranˡteˑbaɪ, -ɛ]
1 guarantee = (goods)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarant- stem of gwarantu = to guarantee) + (-eb
suffix used to indicate a document)
:_______________________________.
gwarantiedig <gwa-ran-ti-EE-dig> [gwarantɪˡeˑdɪg] (adj)
1 guaranteed
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarant- stem of gwarantu = to guarantee) + (-i-edig
suffix used to form a past participle)
:_______________________________.
gwarantu <gwa-RAN-ti> [gwaˡrantɪ]
1 (verb with an object) guarantee
Gwarantwyd cyflog uwch i'r gweision sifil
The civil servants were guaranteed a higher salary
2 back up, confirm
Ac os byddai angen gwarantu'r gwir, wel dywedir 'wir yr' (y sain dywyll)
And if there is need to emphasise (“guaranatee”) the truthfulness [of a
statement], well one says ‘wir yr’ (the obscure vowel [in this latter word])
3 various expressions corresponding to English ‘honest!, honestly!’, or ‘I have
no doubt that, doubtlessly’
mi a'i gwrantaf “I guarantee it”
mi wranta “I guarantee ”
mi a gwranta, mi gwranta “I guarantee [it]”
mi a'th wrantaf (literary) “I guarantee you”
mi dy wranta-di (South Wales) “I guarantee you”
fi ginta, fe ginta “I guarantee [it]”
fi gynta “I guarantee [it]”
mi grynta, fi grynta “I guarantee [it]”
:_______________________________.
gwarantydd <gwa-RAN-tidh> [gwaˡrantɪð] (adj) (m)
PLURAL gwarantyddion <gwa-ran-TƏDH-yon> [gwaranˡtəðjɔn]
1 guarantor = person who gives a guarantee
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarant- stem of gwarantu = to guarantee) + (-ydd noun
suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwarced <GWAR-ked> [ˡgwarkəd] (m)
PLURAL gwarcedion <gwar-KED-yon> [gwarˡkədjɔn]
1 remainder
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
gwarchadw <gwar-KHAA-du> [gwarˡxɑˑdʊ]
1 See: gwarchod
:_______________________________.
gwarchae (1) <GWAR-khai,
-khe> [ˡgwarxaɪ, -ɛ] masculine noun
PLURAL gwarchaeoedd
<gwar-KHEI-oidh, -odh> [gwarˡxəɪɔɪð, -ɔð]
1 siege
Jeremeia 19:9 A mi a baraf iddynt fwyta cnawd eu meibion, a chnawd eu
merched, bwytânt hefyd bob un gnawd ei gyfaill, yn y gwarchae a’r cyfyngder,
â’r hwn y cyfynga eu gelynion, a’r rhai sdd yn ceisio eu heinioes, arnynt.
Jeremiah 19:19 And I will cause them to eat the flesh of their sons and the
flesh of their daughters, and they shall eat every one the flesh of his friend
in the siege and straitness, wherewith their enemies, and they that seek their
lives, shall straiten them.
Deuteronomium 28:55 Rhag rhoddi i un ohonynt o gig ei feibion, y rhai a
fwyty efe; o eisiau gado iddo ddim yn y gwarchae ac yn y cyfyngdra, â’r hwn y
cyfynga dy elyn arnat o fewn dy holl byrth.
Deuteronomy 28:55 So that he will not give to any of them of the flesh of his
children whom he shall eat: because he hath nothing left him in the siege, and
in the straitness, wherewith thine enemies shall distress thee in all thy
gates.
2 cadw gwarchae ar
maintain under siege, keep under siege
Cadwai rhai ohonynt warchae ar yr unig ffordd y gallai'r Saeson
ddychwelyd i’w castell ar hyd-ddi.
Some kept under siege the only road along which the Englishmen could return to
their castle
3 gwarchae yn erbyn a siege against
Sechareia 12:2 Wele fi yn gwneuthur Jerwsalwm yn ffiol gwsg i'r bobloedd
oll o amgylch, pan fyddont yn y gwarchae yn erbyn Jwda, ac yn erbyn Jerwsalem
Zechariah 12:2 Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all the
people round about, when they shall be in the siege both against Judah and
against Jerusalem
4 dan warchae under siege, be besieged
bod dan warchae be under siege, be besieged
y rhai dan warchae the besieged, the besieged population
5 (obsolete) bod yng ngwarchae be under siege, be besieged
Brenhinoedd-2 25:1 Ac yn y nawfed flwyddyn o'i deyrnasiad ef, yn y degfed
mis, ar y degfed dydd o'r mis, y daeth Nebuchodonosor brenin Babilon, efe a'i
holl lu., yn erbyn Jerwsalem, ac a wersyllodd yn ei herbyn hi, a hwy a
adeilasant yn ei herbyn hi wrthglawdd o'i hamgylch hi (25:2) A bu y
ddinas yng ngwarchae hyd yr unfed flwyddyn ar ddeg i'r brenin Sedeceia
Kings-2 25:1 And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth
month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came,
he, and all his host, against Jerusalem, and pitched against it: and they built
forts against it round about. (25:2) And the city was besieged unto the
eleventh
year of king Zedekiah.
6 torri gwarchae to break a siege
7 codi gwarchae ar to raise the siege on
8 (county of Dinbych) gwarchae pound, fold, pinfold
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar prefix = on; ) + spirant mutation + (cae = to
close )
:_______________________________.
gwarchae (2) <GWAR-khai, -khe> [ˡgwarxaɪ, -ɛ] verb
1 gwarchae ar besiege, place
under siege, beleaguer [from-Dutch
“belegeren”
=-to-camp-round]
gwarchae ar dref lay siege to a town, besiege a town
Daniel 1:1 Yn y drydedd flwyddyn o deyrnasiad Jehoiacim brenin Jwda, y daeth
Nebuchodonosor brenin Babilon i Jerwsalem, ac a warchaeodd arni.
Daniel 1:1 In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah came
Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon unto Jerusalem, and besieged it.
ETYMOLOGY: verb from the noun gwarchae (= siege)
:_______________________________.
gwarcheidiol <gwar-KHEID-yol> [gwarˡxəɪdjɔl] (adj)
1 guarding
angel gwarcheidiol guardian angel
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchad- < gwarchadw = to guard) + (-i-ol adjectival
suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwarcheidwad <gwar-KHEID-wad> [gwarˡxəɪdwad] (adj) (m)
PLURAL gwarcheidwaid <gwar-KHEID-waid,
-ed> [gwarˡxəɪdwaɪd, - ɛd]
1 guardian
2 prison warder
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchad- < gwarchadw = to guard) + (-ad noun
suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwarchglawdd <GWARKH-glaudh> [ˡgwarxglaʊð]
1 fortification, rampart,
defensive wall
Deuteronioum 20:19 Pan warchaeech ar ddinas lawer o ddyddiau, gan ryfela yn
ei herbyn i'w hennill hi, na ddifetha ei choed hi, gan daro bwyell arnynt:
canys ohonynt y bwytei; na thor dithau hwynt i lawr, (oherwydd bywyd dyn yw
pren y maes,) i'w gosod yn y gwarchglawdd.
Deuteronioum 20:19 When thou shalt besiege a city a long time, in making war against
it to take it, thou shalt not destroy the trees thereof by forcing an ax
against them: for thou mayest eat of them, and thou shalt not cut them down
(for the tree of the field is man's life) to employ them in the siege:
Eiseia 29:3 A gwersyllaf yn grwn i'th erbyn, ac'a warchaeaf i'th erbyn mewn
gwarchdwr, ac a gyfodaf wrthglawdd yn dy
erbyn.
Isaiah 29:3 And I will camp against thee round about, and will lay siege
against thee with a mount, and I will raise forts against thee
2 low hedgebank
Occurs as gwarclawdd, gwarcaw, gorclawdd, orclawdd (Ceredigion), coeclaw
(Penfro)
gwar + clawdd
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar- = on) + soft mutation + (clawdd = dyke)
:_______________________________.
gwarchod <GWAR-khod> [ˡgwarxɔd] (verb)
1 to guard, watch over, protect, safeguard
llong warchod, llongau gwarchod escort (= escort boat)
llynges warchod, llyngesau gwarchod escort fleet
Roedd yr eryr yn gwarchod yr wyau yn ofalus The eagle was protecting her
eggs carefully(
ymdrechion i warchod yr ychydig sy'n weddill o'r coedwigoedd cynhenid
arferai orchuddio cyfran helaeth o Gymru ar un pryd...
efforts to safeguard the little which is left of the native woodlands which
used to cover a vast proportion of Wales at one time
gwarchod rhàg protect from
gwarchod y tŷ rhag lladron to protect the house from burglars
2 preserve = keep from being forgotten
Sefydlwyd amgueddfa i warchod hanes cyfoethog yr ardal, â phwyslais arbennig
ar hanes John Evans, aeth i'r Amerig i chwilio am yr 'Indiaid Cymreig'
A museum was set up to preserve the rich history of the area, with a
special emphasis on the history of John Evans, who wetn to America to search
for the “Welsh Indians”
3 preserve = keep alive
4 preserve = keep safe from harm
5 preserve = keep game for hunting
6 look after
gwarchod plant look after children, babysit (= look after a child or
children while the parents are absent for a short while)
7 gwarchod ty stay at home
8 ardal warchod, ardaloedd gwarchod neighbourhood watch area
9 exclamations (North Wales)
Gwarchod ni! May God save us! (“(the) preserving (of) us”)
Gwarchod pawb! May God save everybody! (“(the) preserving (of) everybody”)
Gwarchod y byd! May God save the world! (“(the) preserving (of) the
world”)
Gwarchod y byd! Beth wnawn-ni nawr? Good Heavens! What will we do now?
Good God - what'll we
do now?
Gwarchod y nefoedd! Heaven preserve [us] (“(the) preserving (of) heaven”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwarchod
< gwarchawd, metathesised form of gwarchadw (D-W > W-D)
(gwar prefix = on) + spirant mutation + (cadw = keep)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodaeth <gwar-KHOO–daith, -deth> [gwarˡxoˑdaɪθ, -dɛθ] (f)
1 charge, protection, custody
2 tutelage = guardianship, authority over (a person, a group of
people, a state)
3 tutelage = the condition of being under the guardianship or protection of
another
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchod-, stem of gwarchod = protect) + (-aeth
noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodfa <gwar-KHOD-va] [gwarˡxɔdva]
PLURAL gwarchodféydd [gwar-khod-VEIDH> [gwarxɔdˡvəɪð] (feminine noun)
1 reserve, sanctuary, protected place
y warchodfa the sanctuary
2 garrison = place for a garrison of troops
3 preserve = area where game is reared for hunting
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchod-, stem of gwarchod = look after, guard) + (-fa
suffix = place)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodfa adar <gwar-KHOD-va
AA-dar> [gwarˡxɔdva ˡɑˑdar] (f)
PLURAL: gwarchodféydd
adar <gwar-khod-VEIDH AA-dar> [gwarxɔdˡvəɪð ˡɑˑdar]
1 bird sanctuary
y warchodfa adar the bird sanctuary
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchodfa = sanctuary, protected place) + (adar =
birds, plural of aderyn = bird)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodfa
anifeiliaid <gwar-kho-va a-ni-VEIL-yaid, -ed> [gwarˡxɔdva anɪˡvəɪljaɪd,
-ɛd] (f)
PLURAL: gwarchodféydd
anifeiliaid <gwar-khod-VEIDH a-ni-VEIL-yaid, -ed> [gwarxɔdˡvəɪð anɪˡvəɪljaɪd,
-ɛd]
1 wildlife reserve
2 animal sanctuary
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchodfa = sanctuary, protected place) + (anifeiliaid
= animals, plural of anifail = animal)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodfa natur
<gwar-khod-va NA-tir> [gwarˡxɔdva ˡnatɪr] (f)
PLURAL: gwarchodféydd
anifeiliaid <gwar-khod-VEIDH NA-tir> [gwarxɔdˡvəɪð ˡnatɪr]]
1 nature reserve
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchodfa = sanctuary, protected place) + (natur
= nature)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodle <gwar- khod -le> (m)
PLURAL: gwarchodleoedd <gwar-khod-LEE-oidh, -odh> [gwarxɔdˡleˑɔɪð,
- ɔð]
1 sentry post, guard post
(gwarchod-, stem of gwarchod = look after, guard) + soft mutation
+ (lle = place)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodlu <gwar-KHOD-li> [gwarˡxɔdlɪ] (m)
PLURAL: gwarchodluoedd <gwar-khod-LII-oidh, -odh> [gwarxɔdˡliˑɔɪð,
- ɔð]
1 garrison = troops who guard
a fort
2 guard = detachment of soldiers who act as guards
gwarchodlu'r brenin the king’s guards
Y Gwarchodlu Cartref <ə gwar-KHOD-li KAR-trev> [ə gwarˡxɔdlɪ ˡkartrɛv] the Home Guard
Y Gwarchodlu Cymréig <ə gwar-KHOD-li kəm-REIG> [ə gwarˡxɔdlɪ kəmˡrəɪg] the Welsh Guards
gwarchodlu cudd <gwar-KHOD-li KIIDH> [gwarˡxɔdlɪ ˡkiːð]
secret security service
Y Gwarchodlu Cenedlaethol <ə
gwar-KHOD-li ke-ned-LEI-thol> [ə
gwarˡxɔdlɪ kɛnɛdˡləɪθɔl] the National Guard (US)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchod-, stem of gwarchod = look after, guard) +
soft mutation + (llu = band of people)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodwr <gwar-KHOO-dur> [gwarˡxoˑdʊr] (m)
PLURAL gwarchodwyr <gwar-KHOD-wir> [gwarˡxɔdwɪr]
1 guard
2 bodyguard
cyn-warchodwr i’r Prif Weinidog an ex-bodyguard of the Prime Minister
â gwarchodwyr y naill ochr
iddo with bodyguards on
either side of him
3 custodian = person who looks after an object, or a building or other
place
4 guardian = person who looks after another person and his property according
to a legal agreement
5 sentry = a soldier who keeps watch
6 prison warder
7 carer = person who looks after someone who is elderly or incapacitated
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchod-, stem of gwarchod = look after, guard) +
soft mutation + (gŵr = man)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodwr tân <gwar-KHOO-dur TAAN> [gwarˡxoˑdʊr ˡtɑˑn]
PLURAL gwarchodwyr
tân <gwar-KHOD-wir TAAN> [gwarˡxɔdwɪr ˡtɑˑn]
1 fireguard
2 fire watcher
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchodwr = guard) + (tân = fire)
:_______________________________.
gwarchodydd <gwar-KHOO-didh> [gwarˡxoˑdɪð] (m)
PLURAL gwarchodwyr <gwar-KHOD-wir> [gwarˡxɔdwɪr]
1 see gwarchodwr
:_______________________________.
gwarchotgi <gwar-KHOOT-gi> [gwarˡxɔtgɪ] (m)
PLURAL gwarchotgwn
<gwar-KHOOT-gun> [gwarˡxɔtgʊn]
1 watchdog
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarchod-, stem of gwarchod = look after, guard) +
soft mutation + (ci = dog)
:_______________________________.
gwarddrws <GWAR-dhrus> [ˡgwarðrʊs] (m)
PLURAL gwarchotgwn
<gwar-DHRƏ-sai, -e> [gwarˡðrəsaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (South Wales) lintel
Standard form: gorddrws
(Y Winllan, Tal-y-bont, Ceredigion) Mae'r drws yn gweithio mewn ystram, yr
hon a ffurfir gan y trothwy, y ddau ystlysbost, a'r gwarddrws. Neu yn iaith y
Beibl, y rhiniog, y gorsinau, a chapan y drws.
t241 Seren Gomer 19 1898
(Y Winllan, Tal-y-bont,
Ceredigion) The door works in a frmae, which is made up of the threshold, the
two door jambs, and the lintel. Or in the language of the Bible, the rhiniog
(threshold), the gorsinau (door jambs), and the capan y drws (lintel).
:_______________________________.
gwarden <GWAR-den> [ˡgwardɛn] (m)
1
See: warden
:_______________________________.
gwardio <GWARD-yo> [ˡgwardjɔ] (v)
1 guard, watch over
2 (county of Môn) take cover, hide
Yr oedd yr adar yn gwardio dan y mieri
The birds were hidng in the brambles
Mi es i gyfeiriad y fferm, a gwardio mewn llwyn drain ar ochor y ffordd
I went in the direction of the farm and hid in a bramble bush on the roadside
ETYMOLOGY: (gward = English guard, from an older English
pronunciation) + (-io = verb suffix)
English guard < Old French g(u)arde < Germanic, related to
the English word ward
:_______________________________.
gwardon <GWAR-don> [ˡgwardɔn] (m)
1 (South-east Wales) riverbank,
streamside
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = on) + soft
mutation + (ton = greensward, grassland)
:_______________________________.
gwardosti <gwar-DOS-ti> [gwarˡdɔstɪ] (v)
(Bro Morgannwg)
1 to shrug the shoulders
2 to have a pain in the neck
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = nape of the neck) + soft mutation + (tosti =
be painful)
:_______________________________.
gwared 1 <GWAA-red> [ˡgwɑˑrɛd] (m)
PLURAL gwaredion <gwa-RED-yon> [gwaˡredjɔn]
1 riddance, release
cael gwared ar get rid of; put a stop to, stamp out
Daeth nifer nifer o rieini gerbron llys yn Aberdâr wrth i'r cyngor lleol
weithredu i gael gwared ar driwantiaeth
A number of parents appeared in court in Aber-dâr as the local council attempts
to stamp out truancy
cael ei wared get rid of him, get rid of it
cael ei gwared get rid of her, get rid of it
Gwared da ar
ei ôl e! Good
riddance! Good riddance to him!
2 redemption,
deliverance
3 afterbirth
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Common Celtic
From British: Cornish: gweres (= help), Breton gwared (= help,
protection), gwaredi (to help)
From Common Celtic: Irish fóir (= help)
NOTE: South-east Wales gwarad
:_______________________________.
gwared <GWAA-red> [ˡgwɑˑrɛd] (verb)
More usually: gwaredu (qv) <gwa-REE-di> [gwaˡreˑdɪ]
:_______________________________.
gwared
1 See gwaered = slope
NOTE: gwaered >
gwared through the simplification of the diphthong ae ‹EI› [əɪ] > a ‹A› [a]
:_______________________________.
gwaredigaeth <gwa-re-DII-gaith, -eth> [gwarɛˡdiˑgaɪθ] (f)
PLURAL gwaredigaethau <gwa-re-di-GEI-thai,
-e> [gwarɛdɪˑˡgəɪθaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 salvation, deliverance; = rescue from a bad situation, solving of problems
Rhaid i’r Cymry
wneud pethau drosom ein hunain ac nid disgwyl am waredigaeth gan y Cynulliad
a’r Cynghorau Sir
As Welsh people we
must do things ourselves and not expect salvation from the Welsh Assembly and
the County Councils
Eleri Carrog, sefydlydd
brwd a gweithgar Cefn, yn dweud fod yn rhaid
i'r Cymry wneud pethau drosom ein hunain ac nid disgwyl am waredigaeth gan y
Saeson ac eraill Cymro 13
12 89
Eleri Carrog, the
enthusiastic founder of Cefn, says we Welsh must do things for ourselves and
not expect salvation form the English and others
2 (Chrisitianity) salvation,
deliverance; removal from the influence of sin
ETYMOLOGY: (gwaredig = saved) + (-aeth suffix for forming nouns)
gwaredig (= saved) < (gwared- stem of gwaredu =
get rid of, literally ‘under-run’) + (-edig past-participle suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwaredol <gwa-REE-dol> [ˡgwareˑdɔl] adjective
1 redeeming, saving
gwendid gwaredol a redeeming vice
2 dispositionary
prydles waredol gyntaf dispositionary first lease
ETYMOLOGY: (gwared-, stem of gwaredu (= get rid of, literally
‘under-run’) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwaredu <gwa-REE-di> [gwaˡreˑdɪ] verb
NOTE: also in the form gwared
1 Christianity save, redeem, deliver; rescue from evil
gwared rhag... deliver from..., redeem from...
gwared ni rhag drwg deliver us from evil
gwared (rhywun) rhàg
angau save
(someone) from death
Daniel 3:17, 18 Wele, y mae ein Duw ni, yr hwn yr ydym ni yn ei addoli yn
abl i’n gwared ni allan o’r ffwrn danllyd boerth, ac efe a’n gwared ni o’th law di, o frenin. Ac onid e, bydded
hysbys i ti, frenin, ni addolwn dy dduwiau...
Daniel
3:17, 18 If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the
burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of thine hand, O king. But if
not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve they gods...
Mae rhywrai wedi galw ar i ni fabwysiadu bara lawr fel un o’n prydau
cenedlaethol ond Duw a’n gwaredo rhag y fath beth
Some people have urged us to adopt laver bread as one of our national meals but
God save us from such a fate! (“from such a thing”)
2 save from, deliver from, rescue from; take from a situation where there is
danger, the possibility of injury or death
Un o’r rhai fu yn ei waredu o’r dwfr ydoedd Rhobet Wiliam, Ty Pella
One of the people who took part in rescuing him from the water was Rhobet
Wiliam, of Ty Pella (far house)
Esboniad ar y Beibl Sanctaidd, Owen Jones, Wyddgrug, 1840:
SALM LXXVI. Hwyrach i'r Salm hon gael ei hysgrifenu pan waredwyd Jerusalem
oddiwrth Senacherib.
SALM LXXVI. Maybe this Psalm was written when Jerusalem was delivered from
Senacherib
3 there are many oaths with gwaredu
A’n gwaredo oll! (“may God save us all”)
Duw a’n gwaredo ni God save us!
Duw a’n gwaredo rhag y fath beth God save us from such a thing!
Gwared ni! (“may we be saved”)
Gwared ni rhag drwg (“may we be saved from evil”)
Gwared pawb! (“may everybody by saved “)
Gwared y gwirion! North Wales (“may the innocent one be saved”)
Gwared ’y nghalon i! Arfon, county of Gwynedd (“may my heart be
saved”)
Y Nef a’n gwaredo ni (“may heaven save us”)
Y nefoedd a’m gwaredo! Heaven help me! (“may heaven save me”)
4 South Wales get rid of, to get shot of, dispose of, remove to
Rhaid gadael y mwyar duon dros nos mewn dwr â halen. Mater bach wedyn yn y
bore yw gwaredu cyrff y cynrhon gyda’r dwr i lawr drwy dwll y sinc
The blackberries should be left overnight in salt and water. It’s a small
matter then in the morning to get rid of the dead maggots (‘the bodies of the
maggots’) with water down the plughole
taflu hen lyfrau i bentwr ar lawr i’w gwaredu throwing old books onto a
pile on the floor to throw them out
gwaredu
ysbwriel <ə-SBUR-yel> [əˡsbʊrjɛl] (m)
1 refuse disposal, waste disposal
cerbyd gwared 'sbwriel rubbish lorry
5 remove, take out
Mae wraemia yn dod yn sgil methiant ar ran yr arennau i waredu’r wrea o’r
corff
Uraemia results from the failure of the kidneys to remove urea from the body
6 South Wales put down (an animal), have (an animal) put down
Bu raid i ni waredu’r hen gath
We had to have the old cat put down
7 kill
Rhaid gwaredu cymaint o’r gelyn ag a allwn, meddai’r cadno
We must kill as many of the enemy as we can, said the fox
8 North Wales
gwaredu rhag... in expressions of surprise - what a...
Gwaredu rhag y fath wastraff! What a waste!
In North Wales, the use of gwaredu to express surprise has developed
from the phrase Duw a’n gwaredo ni! (may God save us)
9 North Wales gwaredu at be astonished at, be surprised at
Rw i’n gwaredu atoch chi’n meddwl y fath beth!
I’m astonished that you think such a thing!
10 North Wales gwaredu be shocked at, be appalled at
11 North Wales gwaredu at deplore = show strong
disapproval
13 anwared- obsolete = imitate (an = intensifying
prefix) + soft mutation + (gwared = to save)
14 dynwared (modern Welsh) = imitate
(dy = intensifying prefix) + (anwared = imitate (obsolete in modern
Welsh))
anwared is (an intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (gwared = to
save)
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh gwared (= ‘under-run’), < gwored (gwo- = under) +
soft mutation + (rhed = run) < British wo-ret- (wo- is
from Celtic < *uop-)
With the same structure: Latin succurrere (= to run to give help); (sub
= under) + (currere = to run)
This is the origin of English succor (Englandic: succour) c1300
< Old French suc(c)urre < Latin succurrere
gwaredu is (gwared) + (-u verbal suffix)
Cognates in the other two British languages: Cornish gwerez (= to help),
Breton gwaredi (= to help)
:_______________________________.
gwaredwr <gwa-REE-dur> [gwaˡreˑdʊr] verb masculine noun
PLURAL gwaredwyr <gwa-RED-wir> [gwaˡrɛdwɪr]
1 saviour, redeemer
Y Gwaredwr the Saviour; God; Jesus Christ
helaethu teyrnas y Gwaredwr
extend the kingdom of the Saviour, spread the Gospel
ymgyflwyno’n hollol i waith yr Arglwydd,
byw yn sanctaidd, ac ymdrechu gyda phob diwydrwydd i helaethu teyrnas y
Gwaredwr
dedicate oneself entirely to the work of the Lord, live a holy life, and
endeavour with all one’s might (“one’s diligence”) to extend the kingdom of the
Saviour
2 remover,
disposer, eliminator, ridder (= one who gets rid of (sth))
gwaredwr gwastraff cofrestredig registered waste-disposal agent
ETYMOLOGY: (gwared-, stem of gwaredu = to save) + (-wr
suffix = man)
NOTE: The Gaulish name Voretovir- coresponds to Welsh gwaredwr
:_______________________________.
gwareiddiad <gwa-REIDH-yad> [gwaˡrəɪðjad] (m)
PLURAL gwareiddiadau <gwa-reidh-YAA-dai,
-e> [gwarəɪðˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 civilisation = advanced state of social development
2 civilisation = society with a complex structure (eg administration, law,
culture)
3 civilisation = nation or people with such a society
4 civilisation = way of life of a people, or characteristic of a period
5 civilisation = intellectual and cultural development
6 civilisation = populated area contrasted with a desert, or a
sparsely-populated area
ETYMOLOGY: (gwareidd-
< gwaraidd = civilised) + (-iad noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwareiddiedig <gwa-reidh-YEE-dig> [gwarəɪðˡjeˑdɪg] (adj)
1 civilised
pobl waraiddedig civilised people
ETYMOLOGY: (gwareidd- < gwaraidd = civilised) + (-i-edig
past participle suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwareiddio <gwa-REIDH-yo> [gwaˡrəɪðjɔ] (v)
1 civilise
2 become civilised
ETYMOLOGY: (gwareidd- < gwaraidd = civilised) + (-i-o verb
suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwareiddiol <gwa-REIDH-yol> [gwaˡrəɪðjɔl] (adj)
1 civilising
ETYMOLOGY: (gwareidd- < gwaraidd = civilised) + (-i-ol adjectival
suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwaren <GWAA-ren> [ˡgwaˑrɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL gwarenau,
gwarenod, gwarenoedd / gwareno’dd <gwa-REE-nai, -e, nod, -noidh, -nodh> [gwaˡreˑnaɪ, –ɛ, -ɔd,
-ɔɪð, -ɔð]
Also as waren
(plural warens).
1 rabbit warren, coney warren,
coneygeare
y waren the warren
gwaren gwningod rabbit warren (“warren
(of) rabbits”)
gwaren ysgyfarnogod hare warren
(“warren (of) hares”)
(for hare warrens see: http://www.epsomewellhistory.org.uk/hare-and-rabbit-warrens/4587240471
y cwningod yn eu gwaren the rabbits in their warren
2 place names:
a/ Banc y
Waren (On O.S. map
as “Banc-y-Warren”) conical hill with Iron Age fort on the summit by
Pen-parc, 3km from Aberteifi / Cardigan; also to the south, at the foot of the
hill, a house Bancywaren https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4737210
(On O.S. map as
“Banc-y-Warren”)
(“warren bank”). To the east is a farm with an English name on the O.S. map
“Warren Farm”, very likely a translation of Welsh Y Waren.
Ond yn ôl G. Melville Richards “The
Site of Some Medieval Gallows” this was in the 1300s (in modern English
spelling) Warrentree Hill, where “warrentree” means gallows (from Old English
WEARG = felon, criminal, outlaw) + .
https://journals.library.wales/view/4718179/4744319/178#?xywh=-2110%2C345%2C7154%2C4378
b/ Ysgubor y Waren place in Sant-y-brid (county of Bro
Morgannwg) (“(the) barn (of) the warren”)
|
c/ Y Waren SN 61141 16450 (on
maps as The Warren) |
|
|
|
|
Y WAREN. A'r seiliau cadarna' o danat yn sedd; Tydi wyt yn sefyll trwy'r oesau'n ddiysgog, Tra'r oll sydd
o'th amgylch yn newid en gwedd; Ac O! mor ramantus
yw'th glogwyn hynafol, A neb ond y Crewr
yn gwybod dy oed, A Gwenlais fach
hithau a'i ffrydiau’n wastadol, A’i dyfroedd grisialaidd yn golchi dy droed. A phan ddel y
gwanwyn, ceir gweled y cleifion Yn dringo dy
glogwyn er derbyn gwellhad, A thyner anadlu
o'r balmaidd awelon, A golygfeydd natur
mewn môr o fwynhad; Yn nghanol dystawrwydd, o dwrf y pentrefydd, Lle cân yr ehedydd
a'r fronfraith yn nghyd; Ar ben yr hen
Waren mae nef i'r ymwelydd, Os bydd ef am seibiant
a lloni ei fryd. Ar ben yr hen
Waren mae holl dlysni anian I’w chael mewn
gogoniant tua chanol mis Mai, Ac arnat plesera y
llanc gyda’i rian, A chanu dy glodydd
heb dewi fe gai; Ac o'r fath
drysorau sydd yn dy goluddion, Wyt dalp
anmhrisiadwy o feini i gyd; Cyn hir fe fydd
Southern a'i weithiau calch mawrion, Yn llosgi dy glogwyn, a’i wasgar trwy’r
byd. M. E. Rees
(Dyffrynferch) Tarian y
Gweithiwr. 11 Gorffennaf 1889.. |
The Warren Dear splendid Waren,
your name is majestic, And her
crystalline waters washing your foot. M. E. Rees
(Dyffrynferch) (= valley woman) |
(delwedd 9456)
.....
ETYMOLOGY: English warren
< Norman < Germanic.
Cf German bewahren (= to
keep, to preserve) < Old High German biwâren, synchronically analysable as
be- + wahren.
Wahren (= a/
to protect, to safeguard; b/ to maintain, to preserve). A derived form in
German is der Wart (= guard, ward).
The English word ward (also found in
compounds e.g. Edward, steward, woodward, etc) is a cognate of German Wart.
As with other loans from English a g- is prefixed to waren since an initial w- is
more typical of soft-mutated forms (cf gwal = wall, gwast =
waste, gwast = waist, Gwrecsam
= Wrexham, etc)
NOTE: The word is sometimes seen with double ‘r’ in Welsh place names – gwarren
/ warren – but this is a spelling considered less correct than gwaren
/ waren
NOTE: A
variant in English was WARRIN; this form too has been taken into
Welsh to give both gwarin as a radical form (i.e. gwarin, y
warin) and warin as a radical form (i.e. warin, y warin).
There is
also a form gwaring, showing -in > -ing, a form which may have
developed in Welsh (cf prin (= scarce) > pring) ….
|
1894 The Tynewydd Estate. Parke, Waunlluast,
Bangor, Teifi, Penalltcyplau, or |
…..
(delwedd
9453)
…..
EXAMPLES
OF WARRIN IN ENGLISH / SCOTS
|
Sir
Simon Harvey. Courtier. c1585 – 1628. |
….
|
Records Ordnance Survey.
Name Books. Wigtownshire, volume 58. 1845-1849. OS1/35/58/13 |
…..
|
James
Oxenden, in a letter to his uncle Sir George Oxenden, in January 1666/67
praising the hare warren at Dover castle: …Dover
Warrin being infinitely fruitfull of haires,…. |
:_______________________________.
gwargaled <gwar-GAA-led> [gwarˡgaˑlɛd] adjective
1 stubborn,
stiffnecked, obstinate
Exodus 32:9 Yr ARGLWYDD hefyd a ddywedodd wrth Moses, Gwelais y bobl hyn; ac
wele, pobl wargaled ydynt
Exodus 32:9 And the LORD said unto Moses, I have seen this people, and, behold,
it is a stiffnecked people.
ffolineb gwargaled mwyafrif y swyddogion the stubborn foolishness of the
majority of officials
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = nape of neck ) + soft mutation + (caled =
hard)
:_______________________________.
gwargaledwch <gwar-ga-LEE-dukh> [ˡgwargaleˑdʊx] masculine noun
1 stubbornness, obstinacy
ETYMOLOGY: (gwargaled = stubborn, obstinate) + (-wch suffix for
forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwargam <GWAR-gam> [ˡgwargam] adjective
1 stooped, stooping,
with a stoop, with head and shoulders bent forward
Cerddai Morgan yn wargam Morgan walked with a stoop
2 gwargemi
curvature of the spine
3 Mae’n fingul,
mae’n fongam, mae’n wargul, mae’n wyrgam description of a bridge by Edward
Richard, Ystradmeuirg 1803 (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales
Dictionary t300)
It is narrow-edged, it is bandy-leggèd (= one of the bases is out of position),
it is narrow-humped, it is leaning to one side
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = nape of neck ) + soft mutation + (cam =
crooked)
:_______________________________.
gwarged <GWAR-ged> [ˡgwargɛd]
feminine noun
PLURAL gwargedion <gwar-GED-yon> [gwarˡgɛdjɔn]
1 (South Wales) remainder, rest,
leavings; surplus
y warged the remainder
cadw gwarged y cig i’r ci keep the rest of the meat for the dog
Nid digon heb warged Sufficiency is only achieved when there is
something left over
Ni fu digonedd heb
wargedion Enough is only
enough when there are leftovers (Diarhebion Merthyr, 1895)
digon a gwarged enough and to spare
2 (South Wales) gwarged
angau a pile of bones (“(a) remnant (of) death”)
Also: gwarged yr angau
ETYMOLOGY: gwarged < gwargred < gworgred
(prefix gwor = excess, over-) + soft mutation + (an unknown element cred)
There is dissimulation (R – R) > (R – zero) gwargred > gwarged, as
in the name Margred (= Margaret) > Marged
NOTE: south-east Wales gwarged > gwarcad; gwargedion > gwarcetion
(delwedd 7500)
:_______________________________.
gwargemi <gwar-GE-mi> [gwarˡgɛmɪ] masculine noun
1 curvature of the
spine, stooped posture
ETYMOLOGY: (gwargam = stooped) + soft mutation + (-i suffix for forming
abstract nouns) (causes change in the penultimate vowel a > e
– vowel affection)
:_______________________________.
gwargrwm <GWAR-grum> [ˡgwargrʊm] (adj)
1 round-shouldered
2 hunched
Eisteddai yn wargrwm wrth y tân He was sitting hunched by the fire
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = nape of the neck, back of the neck ) + soft mutation
+ (crwm = bent )
:_______________________________.
gwariant <GWAR-yant> [ˡgwarjant] (m)
1 expenditure, outlay
ETYMOLOGY: (gwari- stem of gwario = to spend) + (-ant noun
suffix )
:_______________________________.
gwarineb <gwa-RII-neb> [gwaˡriˑnɛb] (m)
1 mildness, gentleness
ETYMOLOGY: (gwâr = civilised) + (-i-neb noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwario <GWAR-yo> [ˡgwarjɔ] (verb)
1 to spend (money)
gwario swllt er ennill ceiniog penny wise and pound foolish (“spending a
shilling to gain a penny”)
Chewch chi mo’ni hi faint bynnag o arian ’wariwch chi
You won’t get it no matter how much money you spend
gwario’n ddiarbed spare no expense (“spend ceaselessly”)
gwario’n hael spend generously
gwario ar to spend on
Y mae Lloegr yn gwario – hynny yw, yn gwastraffu - milfiliynau o bunnau bob
blwyddyn ar amddiffyn
England spends – that is, wastes - billions of pounds every year on defence
gwario ei arian ar ddiod spend his money on drink
2 (m), expenditure, spending
Dydi hynna ddim yn swnio fel rhyw wario call iawn i mi
That doesn’t sound like very wise spending to me
...a cheid to newydd o ddarllenwyr yn mhlith rhai na wariasant efallai
geinog ar lyfr o'r blaen. Tarian Y Gweithiwr 24 12 1908 ...and there was a
new generation of readers among those who had maybe not spent a penny on books
previously
:_______________________________.
gwarodau <gwa-ROO-dai, -e> [gwaˡroˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 plural form of gwarrod (=
a blow to the neck, a beating on the neck)
:_______________________________.
gwarogaeth <gwa-ROO-gaith,
-geth> [gwaˡroˑgaɪθ, -ɛθ] feminine noun
PLURAL gwarogaethau <gwa-ro-GEI-thai,
-the> [gwaroˡgəɪθaɪ, -ɛ]
1 homage, loyalty
y warogaeth the homage
Addoliad y llu teyrngarol, a’u gwarogaeth i’r Hollallu Dwyfol. (Eben Fardd / Yr Adgyfodiad / Y Traethodydd /
1851 tudalen 34)
The devotion of the loyal host, and their homage to the Godly Almighty
ETYMOLOGY: form of gwrogaeth (= homage) influenced by the word gwarrog
(= stooping, hunched)
:_______________________________.
gwarrau <GWA-rai, -e> [ˡgwaraɪ,
-ɛ]
1 plural form of gwar (=
nape of the neck)
:_______________________________.
gwarrod <GWA-rod> [ˡgwarɔd] (m)
PLURAL gwarodau <gwa-ROO-dai,
-e> [gwaˡroˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
(South-west Wales)
1 a blow to the neck, a beating on the neck
Derbyniodd y warrod orau a gafodd ci erióed
He got a beating the like of which no dog had ever had before
ETYMOLOGY: gwarrod < gwarrawd < (gwar = nape of the
neck, back of the neck) + (-awd = noun suffix, indicating an impact)
:_______________________________.
gwarrog·1 <GWA-rog> [ˡgwarɔg] (f)
PLURAL gwarogau <gwa-ROO-gai,
-e> [gwaˡroˑgaɪ, -ɛ]
1 stoop, hunched position
2 (North Wales) blow across the shoulders
3 yoke (also figurative)
4 (county of Môn) yoke for carrying buckets of water
5 (adj) stooping, hunched
6 (adj) (South-east Wales) sly
ETYMOLOGY: (gwar = nape of the neck, back of the neck) + (-og =
adjectival suffix, noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwarth <GWARTH> [gwarθ] (masculine noun)
1 shame = painful feeling from having done
something dishonourable or laughable; opprobium = disgrace after some action
cyhoeddi’ch gwarth eich hun to cry stinking fish (“make public your own
shame”);
to complain about or speak critically about one’s own job, family, friends,
etc, or one’s own limitations, errors, misdeeds
dwyn gwarth ar bring shame on, be a disgrace to
tynnu gwarth ar to shame
2 shame = ability to feel this
di-gywilydd shameless
3 disgrace = shameful action
Gwarth penderfyniad cartref Dr. Price The shame of the decision on the
home of Dr. Price (i.e. a shameful decision to demolish the house of Dr.
William Price)
(Cymro 25 12 96)
4 disgrace, dishonour = shameful object
Mae’r cerflun newydd yn warth The new sculpture is a disgrace
Mae strydoedd llawer o'n trefi yn warth ar gymdeithas The streets of many
of our towns are a disgrace to our society
:_______________________________.
Gwarthaf <GWAR-thav> [ˡgwarθav]
1 division (cantref) of
the medieval territory of Dyfed
:_______________________________.
gwarthaf <GWAR-thav> [ˡgwarθav] (adj)
1 upper
ETYMOLOGY: gwarthaf < gworthaf (gwor- < preposition gwor
= on) + (-th-af superlative ending), in British *wor-tam-o-
The word is found in Cornish as gwarthav (= upper)
:_______________________________.
gwarthaf <GWAR-thav> [ˡgwarθav] (m)
PLURAL gwarthafion <gwar-THAV-yon> [gwarˡθavjɔn]
1 top, summit
dod ar warthaf (rhywun) (unpleasant event) overtake (somebody)
2 Gwartha-cwm SO4201 place name, Llan-gwm Isaf, Gwent:
gwarthaf y cwm = [the] top [of] the valley
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwarthaf (preposition gwor-) + (superlative
suffix –haf) =
British *wor-tam-
From the same British root: Cornish a–wartha (= on top)
NOTE: as in most polysyllables with a final [v], this final consonant is
omitted colloquially.
Hence gwartha in informal spelling <GWAR-tha> [ˡgwarθa]
:_______________________________.
gwarthafl
1 See: gwarthol
:_______________________________.
gwartheg <GWAR-theg> [ˡgwarθɛg]
(plural noun)
1 cattle; (adj) bovine, cow, cattle
In South Wales da = cattle is used
2 (South-west Wales) dairy cows
- gwartheg duon Cymreig <GWAR-theg-DI-on-kəm-REIG>
[ˡgwarθɛg ˡdiˑon kəm ˡrəɪg]
(plural noun) Welsh black cattle
- gwartheg Ffrisia <GWAR-theg-FRIS-ya>
[ˡgwarθɛg ˡfrɪsja]
(plural noun) Frisian cattle
- gwartheg Gernsi <GWAR-theg-GERN-si>
[ˡgwarθɛg ˡgɛrnsɪ]
(plural noun) Guernsey cattle
- gwartheg Henffordd <GWAR-theg-HEN-fordh>
[ˡgwarθɛg ˡhɛnfɔrð]
(plural noun) Hereford cattle
- gwartheg Jersi <GWAR-theg-JER-si>
[ˡgwarθɛg ˡʤɛrsɪ]
(plural noun) Jersy cattle
lleidr gwartheg (USA: cattle rustler) (Englandic: cattle thief)
sioe wartheg, sioeau gwartheg cattle show
ffender wartheg PLURAL ffenderi gwartheg cowcatcher = device on
the front of a locomotive – metal frame set at an angle – to clear obstructions
from the track
lori wartheg, lorïau / loris gwartheg cattle lorry
croesfan gwartheg cattle crossing
grìd gwartheg cattle grid
pryf gwartheg cattle fly
marchnad wartheg, marchnadoedd gwartheg cattle market
ffermwr gwartheg cattle fly
bridiwr gwartheg cattle breeder
gwartheg godro milch cows
gwartheg sugn suckling cows
ETYMOLOGY: unkown origin. Cornish gwartheg = cattle,
NOTE: A plural adjective is often used - gwartheg duon, etc
:_______________________________.
gwarthegaidd <gwar-THEE-gaidh, -gedh> (adj)
1 bovine
unrhyw greadur gwarthegaidd - tarw, eidion, buwch, ayyb
any bovine creature – a bull, a bullock, a cow
ETYMOLOGY: (gwartheg = cattle) + (-aidd)
:_______________________________.
gwartheg
blithion
1 milch cows
:_______________________________.
gwarthegwr,
gwarthegwyr <gwar-THEE-gur>
1 cattle dealer
2 stockman, tender of cattle
3 cattle rancher (USA: cowman)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwartheg =
cattle) + (suffix -wr)
:_______________________________.
gwarthegydd <gwar-THEE-gidh> (m) = gwarthegwr
ETYMOLOGY: (gwartheg = cattle) + (suffix -ydd)
:_______________________________.
gwarthle <gwarth-le> (m)
1 pudenda
Eseia 3:17 Am hynny y clafra yr Arglwydd gorunau merched Seion; a'r Arglwydd
a ddinoetha eu gwarthle hwynt
Isaiah 3:17 Therefore the Lord will smite with a scab the crown of the head of
the daughters of Zion, and the Lord will discover their secret parts
ETYMOLOGY: "place of shame" (gwarth = shame) + soft mutation +
(lle = place)
:_______________________________.
gwarthnod (m)
PLURAL gwarthnodau
1 stain on one’s character
ETYMOLOGY: "place of shame" (gwarth = shame) + soft mutation +
(nod = mark)
:_______________________________.
gwarthnodi <gwarth-NOO-di> [ˡgwarθnoˑdɪ] verb
1 brand, cause to be
regarded with contempt
ETYMOLOGY: (gwarthnod = mark of shame) + (-i suffix for forming
verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwarthol <gwar -thol> (f)
PLURAL gwarthaflau,
gwartholion <gwar-THAV-le, gwar-THOL-yon>
1 stirrup = footrest for a
horserider, in the shape of a letter U hanging on a strap from the saddle
2 something in the shape of a letter U, like a stirrup (eg a clamp)
3 upper of a shoe or boot
ETYMOLOGY: gwarthol < gwarthawl < gwarthafl
(gwar = neck) + spirant mutation + (tafl- = stem of taflu =
to throw; thing thrown).
Another explanation is possible: gwarthafl < gworthafl < gwrthafl
(gwrth = against) ) + soft mutation + (gafl = fork, bifurcation)
NOTE: county of Ceredigion): gwerthol; (South-east Wales): gwrthol
:_______________________________.
gwarthrudd masculine or feminine noun
1 (obsolete) disgrace,
dishonour, shame, ignominy
y gwarthrudd / y warthrudd the disgrace
Salmau 57:3 Efe a enfyn o’r nefoedd, ac a’m gwared oddi wrth warthrudd yr
hwn a’m llyncai. Sela. Denfyn Duw ei drugaredd a’i wirionedd.
Psalms 57:3 He
shall send from heaven, and save me from the reproach of him that would swallow
me up. Selah. God shall send forth his mercy and his truth.
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (gwarth = shame, disgrace) + soft mutation + (rhudd
= red)
:_______________________________.
gwarthus <GWAR-this> [ˡgwarθɪs] (adj)
1 shameful
2 dreadful
:_______________________________.
gwar troed
1 instep
:_______________________________.
gwar y gynffon
1 rump
:_______________________________.
gwas <gwa -sel> (f)
1 (obsolete) residence, mansion
From the same Celtic root: Irish fos (= stopping, staying)
Cf Greek hestia (= hearth, household), Hestia goddess of the
hearth
Latin Vesta (= goddess of the hearth); also vestibulum (= court
in front of a house)
:_______________________________.
gwas <GWAAS> [ˡgwɑːs]
PLURAL gweision (south: gweison)
Also the diminutive form gwesyn
1 servant, manservant; page boy = boy
servant; attendant, employee,
liegeman, vassal
2 (South-east Wales) boy, lad (archaic: swain)
gẃrnewas
<GUR-ne-was>,
gwrnewâs <gur-ne-WAAS>
man,
youth: literally “man or lad”, “a man or a boy”;
(gŵr
= man) + (neu = or) + soft mutation + (gwas = lad)
gŵr
neu was
(Welsh Laws) man who is elegible to be a compurgator (testifier of a person's
innocence - from an old court procedure where an accused person is acquitted if
enough people can be found who will swear to his innocence); man of
distinction; (South-east Wales)
gwyr a gweision (gwyr a gwiison) men and boys
3 servant = animal in the service of a human
Gwas ffyddlon a chwbl anhepgorol oedd y ceffyl
The horse was a faithful and indespensable servant
4 servant = animal in the service of another animal, in certain animal names
..a/ gwas y neidr (“(the) servant (of) the snake”) dragonfly
..b/ (North Wales) gwas y gog (Prunella modularis) = hedge sparrow
(“(the) servant (of) the cuckoo”). Also gwas y gwcw. Standard name: llwyd
y gwrych (“grey bird (of) the hedge”)
5 mate = assistant to a tradesman
gwas plymer plumber’s mate
gwas adeiladwr builder’s mate
6 gwas stabl stable boy, stable lad
gwas fferm, gweision ffermydd [gwaas FERM, GWEI shon FER midh] farmhand,
farm labourer
gwas y Gilfach the servant from Gilfach farm
gwas bach youngest farm servant; least important servant
7 gwas yr Arglwydd servant of the Lord
Salmau 103:1 Molwch yr Arglwydd, Gweision yr Arglwydd, molwch, ie, molwch
enw yr Arglwydd.
Psalm 113:1 Praise ye the Lord. Praise, O ye servants of the Lord, praise the
name of the Lord.
Josua 24:29 Ac wedi’r pethau hyn, y bu farw Josua mab Nun, gwas yr Arglwydd,
yn fab dengmlwydd a chant
Joshua 24:29 And it came to pass after these things, that Joshua the son of
Nun, the servant of the Lord, died, being an hundred and ten years old.
8 gweision siop shop assistants : dyn siop = shop assistant
(male), merch siop = shop assistant (female)
Rhai byr ei cymwynas yw’r rhan fwyaf o weision cownteri’r swyddfa bost
The majority of the post office counter assistants are not very helpful
9 as a form of address (usually with a short vowel):
fy ngwàs i (= mate, my friend) (North-west Wales – wàsh i)
In (congratulating: Da ngwàs i Well done, my friend
ngwàs i (1) used threateningly (2) used in commiserating: you poor thing
Gad
iddo, wasi drop the subject,
mate
Or as a vocative indicated by soft mutation:
wàs (= mate, my friend) (soft mutation g > ZERO)
Also wà [wa], with the loss of the final [s]
Paid â phoeni, wàs Don’t worry, mate
Sometimes heard in use by the English Welsh – for example, in south-east Wales
as ‘wuss’
(How are things, wuss?)
10 Also wàs in addressing a dog, a horse, etc
Tyd, wàs! Come, boy!
11 Pwy oedd dy was di llynedd?; said to someone who is bossy to people,
to someone who orders other people around (GPC) (“who was your servant /
farmhand last year?)
12 mor dlawd â gwas y clochydd as poor as the sexton’s servant;
indicating extremem poverty
13 gwesyn Diminutive form of gwas
SN8554 Afon Gwesyn name of a river in Brycheiniog The name could refer to its status as a tributary, as a servant aiding
his master, because it was
seen as helping bring water to the Irfon river.
SN8552 Abergwesyn village 7 km north
of Llanwrtud, where the Gwesyn stream flows into the river Irfon
14 (North Wales) yr Hen Was the devil
15 names of objects for various purposes
(South-east Wales) gwas bôn (“servant (of a) base”) support for a gate
hinge
(South-west Wales) gwas dirwyn (“servant (of) winding”) winder of a
spinning wheel
16 gwas y shiriff (Sir Benfro) (“(the) attendant (of) the sheriff”)
goldfinch
17 gwas priodas best man
18 gwas cyflog hired man
Dw i ddim ond gwas cyflog I'm only doing my job (“I’m just a hired
servant” – i.e. I can only do what I’ve been told to do)
19 gwas ystafell chamberlain
gwas sifil civil servant
heddwas policeman (hedd = peace) + soft mutation + (gwas =
servant) Cf heddferch policewoman
caethwas slave (caeth = bound)
gwas negesau, negeswas errand boy, messenger
gwas cegin / gweision cegin kitchen hand / kitchen hands
20 wythnos gwas newydd honeymoon period, initial period of a changed
situation when there is goodwill and no conflict (“week of (a) new servant /
farmhand”)
21 Anwas man's name (obsolete). The meaning is “agitated”; but the
derivation is
(an= negative prefix ) + soft mutation + (gwas = man);
cf Irish anfais (= commotion)
22 digrifwas (literary word) fool = jester, person paid to amuse by
acting the fool, buffoon
nwyfwas (literary word) pimp, procurer (nwyf = passion, bliss)
oferwas (literary word) rake, wastrel (ofer = futile,
useless) + soft mutation + ( gwas = lad)
23 gwas bach [gwaas BAAKH] “doormat”, somebody easily manipulable
24 harbinger, herald, forerunner; announcer of the arrival of someone
niwl y gaea, gwas yr eira; niwl yr ha, gwas da
(North Wales) winter mist, a herald of snow; summer mist, a good herald
25 in medieval forenames,
indicating that a boy child is under the protection of a named saint
Compare the similar use of giolla (= lad, servant) in Ireland
Gwas Deiniol
Gwas Dewi
Gwas Mair
Gwas Mihangel
Gwas Padrig
Gwas Sanffráid
Gwas Teilo
Gwas Dwyw
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwas < *gwos < British *wost <
Celtic *so-sto < Indo-European *upo-stho.
This is (upo = under) + (stho = one who stands) “one who is under
[another’s authority]”
From the same British root: Cornish gwas (= servant),
Breton gwas (= man, husband, servant)
From the same Indoeuropean root: Sanskrit upa-sthâna-m (= service), vástu
(= house)
Also in English, ultimately of Celtic origin via Gaulish Latin:
(1) vassal < Old French < Medieval Latin vassallus < vassus
(= servant) + (-allus suffix); vass(us) < Celtic
(2) cf valet < French valet < vaslet (= page)
< vas- (vassus) (= servant) + (-let diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwasael <GWA-sail, -sel> (f)
PLURAL gwaeseiliau
1 revelry
2 ale for drinking health (beer, apples and sugar)
y wasael; hefyd y warsel
:_______________________________.
gwasaela <gwa-SEI-la> (vi)
1 wassail = go from house to house singing wassail song
(A Christmas folk custom in South Wales connected with the Mari Lwyd - wassail
singers, i.e. singers of wassail songs, would go from house to house and drank
the health of the
residents with wassail ale)
ALSO: gwasaila (Caerfyrddin)
:_______________________________.
gwasaelwr <gwa- sae -lur> (m)
PLURAL gwasaelwyr
1 wassailer = person who goes with others from house to house singing wassail
songs
:_______________________________.
gwasaidd <GWA-saidh,-sedh> [ˡgwasaɪð, ˡgwasɛð] adjective
1 servile
Nid oedd ei larieidd-dra yn peri iddo fod yn feddal a gwasaidd.
His gentleness did not make him (“did not cause him to be”) soft and servile
Prin yr haerai'r Sais-addolwr mwyaf gwasaidd fod hyn yn wir
Even the most servile worshipper of the English would not claim this (to be
true)
gwaseidd-dra servility
2 gwaseidd-dra servility
ETYMOLOGY: (gwas = lad; servant) + (-aidd suffix for
forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwasail (f) <GWA-sail,-sel> [ˡgwasaɪl, ˡgwasɛl]
1 subsoil
Clai yw tir gwasail Cae’r Bont
The subsoil of Bridge Field is ckay
2 layer
Niwl gaeaf, gwasail eira
Winter mist, a covering of snow
ETYMOLOGY: variant of gosail (GO- = under) + (SAIL = base)
Earlier gwosail; besides gwosail > gosail, also gwosail
> gwasail
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth ‹gwa-SAA-naith, -neth› [gwaˡsɑˑnaɪθ, gwaˡsɑˑnɛθ] (m)
PLURAL gwasanaethau <gwa-sa-NEI-thai.
-the> [gwasaˡnəɪθaɪ,
gwasaˡnəɪθaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (religion) service = act of public worship; a religious meeting, where
worshippers receive instruction and from a priest or minister and pray to a
deity, and sacred texts are read and sacred songs are sung.
2 service = a helpful activity; service, disposition, disposal, use
at eich gwasanaeth at your service
rhoi (rhywbeth) at wasanaeth (rhywun) place (something) at (sb's)
disposal
3 service = an organised system to give assistance to people
y gwasanaeth iechyd the health service
gwasanaeth damweiniau breakdown service
4 service = radio service, television service
5 service = provision of transportation facilities to public
y gwasanaeth trenau the train service
6 service = provision of utilities (electricity, gas, etc) to public
gwasanaeth argyfwng nwy gas emergency service (to come promptly to the
aid of consumers where gas appliances are faulty)
7 service = provision of telecommunication facilities to public
8 service = provision of maintenance and repairs
9 service = duties performed by a waiter or servant, attention
given to a customer
Cafodd wasanaeth y gweinydd ar unwaith
She was served by the waiter at once
gwasanaeth gwael bad service
gwasanaeth wrth y bwrdd
waiter service, waitress service,
10 service = employment as a servant
rhai a roes wasanaeth hir ar ffermydd neu ystadau...
people who had given long service on farms or estates
ar wasanaeth milwrol
on military service
11 service = department of a government or administrative body
gwasanaeth diplomataidd diplomatic service
12 service = provision of something beneficial for reasons of helping people
rather than making a profit
gwasanaeth ar gyfer y cyhoedd public service
13 gwasanaethau motorway services, service area on a motorway (with
petrol station,
cafeteria)
14 hunan wasanaeth self service
15 See: gwasanaethgar, gwasanaethu, gwasanaethydd
ETYMOLOGY: Cf Breton gwazoniezh (= homage)
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth
brysgennad ‹gwa-SAA-naith, -neth › (m)
PLURAL gwasanaethau
brysgennad
1 courier service = company providing a speedy letter or parcel delivery
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth-capel
<gwa-SA-naith, -neth, KA-pel> [ gwaˡsɑˑnaɪθ, gwaˡsɑˑnɛθ
ˡkapɛl] (m)
1 chapel-service
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth cudd (m)
PLURAL gwasanaethau
cudd
1 secret service = a government department which carries out secret
investigations by collecting information and spying on citizens considered to
be a threat to the rulers of the state
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth
cymdeithasol (m)
PLURAL gwasanaethau
cymdeithasol
1 social service
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth eglwys <gwa-SA-naith, -neth E-gluis> [ gwaˡsɑˑnaɪθ, gwaˡsɑˑnɛθ
ˡɛglʊɪs]
(m)
1 church service
:_______________________________.
gwasanaethgar (adj)
1 obliging
2 useful, serviceable
offeryn hwylus a gwasanaethgar a handly and useful device
:_______________________________.
gwasanaethgarwch (m)
1 obligingeness, servicability
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth
iechyd (m)
1 health service
gwasanaeth iechyd y wladwriaeth state health service, national health
service
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth offrwm
1 offertory, part of mass
or communion service where offerings are made
:_______________________________.
gwasanaethol (adj)
1 ministering
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth-sifil
<gwa-SA-naith, -neth, SI-vil>
[ gwaˡsɑˑnaɪθ, gwaˡsɑˑnɛθ
ˡsɪvɪl]
1 civil service = (England - government
structure) all government departments apart from the
armed services (Land, Sea and Air)
:_______________________________.
gwasanaeth tân
1 fire service = department of a local
authority which deals with fire prevention and the extinction of fires and with
rescue operations (USA: fire department)
:_______________________________.
gwasanaethu- <gwa-sa-NEI-thi> [gwasaˡnəɪθɪ] (verb)
1 to serve
2 work as a farm labourer
Bu e’n gwas'naethu ffermydd yn y cylch gydol ei oes
He worked as a farmhand on farms in the area all his life
3 serve = perform work for, perform a duty
for
gwasanaethu yn y fyddin serve in the army
gwasanaethu fel...
perform work as (a person of a specified occupation)
gwasanaethu fel milwyr yn y Dwyrain Pell
serve as soldiers in the Far East
gwasanaethu fel Cadeirydd Cyngor Tref Llandudno
serve as the Chairman of Llandudno Town Council
4 serve = provide a facility required by a population
Adeiladwyd ysgol ar y ffordd rhwng y Pandy a Gwytherin i
wasanaethu'r ddwy ardal
A school was built on the
orad between Y Pandy and Gwytherin to serve the two districts
NOTE: colloquially
gwas'naethu / gwasnaethu <gwas-NEI-thi> [gwasˡnəɪθɪ] loss of pretonic syllable
gwys’neithu / gwys’neithu <gwas-NEI-thi> [gwəsˡnəɪθɪ] loss of pretonic syllable, reduction of vowel a
> ə in new pretonic syllable
gwys’nithu / gwysnithu <gwas-NEI-thi> [gwəsˡniˑθɪ] loss of pretonic syllable, reduction of vowel a
> ə in new pretonic syllable, reduction of diphthong in the tonic syllable to a simple half-long vowel
ei > i
Yr emyn oedd hwn, -
Mewn bywyd mae gwasnaethu Duw,
Dydd gras ac Iachawdwriaeth yw...
Llanwynno (1888) Glanffrwd(William Thomas 1843-1890) Golygydd Henry
Lewis 1949. t59
This was the hymn:
In life there is the serving of God / It is the Day of Grace and Salvation
:_______________________________.
gwasanaethwr (m)
PLURAL gwasanaethwyr
1 retainer, servant
Yr oedd yn Hendreforgan wasanaethwr o’r enw Etwart; dynwaredai yr hen
Richards o flaen ei wyneb, a dywedir ei fod megis crwth a thelyn.
In Hendreforgan there was a retainer by the name of Etwart (= Edward); he would
imitate old Richards to his face (“in front of his face”) and it is said that
he was very entertaining (“that he was like a fiddle and a harp”). Hanes
Tonyrefail - Atgofion am y Lle a’r Hen Bobl.
Thomas Morgan. 1899, Caerdydd. Tudalen 47
:_______________________________.
gwasanaethwraig (f)
PLURAL gwasanaethwragedd
1 maidservant
:_______________________________.
gwasanaethydd (m)
PLURAL gwasanaethyddion
1 servant = a person who works for another, and who performs
household duties
Eisteddai’r gwasanaethyddion o gwmpas yr un ford a'u harglwydd
The servants sat around the same table as their lord
2 servant = a person deprived of freedom to decide for himself
cenedl o wasanaethyddion a fyddwn-ni os rhown fwy o bwyslais
ar ddatblygu'r fasnach ymwelwyr
we shall be a nation of servants if we give any more
emphasis to the development of the tourist industry(eng:) TES-Z
:_______________________________.
gwasarn (m)
PLURAL gwasarnau
1 litter = straw or rushes or grass for animals to lie on
Bu farw rhai o’r defaid ar ôl iddynt fwyta eu gwasarn a ddifwynwyd gan ddw^r
cathod
Some of the sheep died after they ate their litter which had been
contaminated by the urine of cats
gwasarn gwael poor litter, substandard litter
2 bottom, base; straw laid at bottom of a kiln where grain is to be dried
gwasarn odyn kiln straw
3 (lime kiln) base of straw
I lenwi'r odyn... gwely o wellt neu fel y'i gelwid,
gwasarn, yna plyg o gylm ar yn ail â phlyg o gerrig rhyw ddeuddeg modfedd o
drwch i'w thop
Llafar Gwlad 8 1985
To fill the oven... [there was] a bed of straw, or “gwasarn” as it was called,
then a layer of culm alternating with a layer of stones twelve inches thick up
to the top
Habacuc 2:7 Oni chyfyd yn ddisymwth y rhai a'th frathant, ac oni ddeffry y
rhai a'th gystuddiant, a thi a fyddi yn wasarn iddynt?
Shall they not rise up suddenly that shall bite thee, and awake that shall vex
thee, and thou shalt be for booties unto them?
ETYMOLOGY: From the stem of the verb gwasarnu (= to put down littrer);
Breton has gouzer (= litter),
In Irish: easair (=litter)
:_______________________________.
gwasarnu (v)
1 litter = put down litter for animals
2 strew, scatter
3 trample on, trample underfoot
4 oppress
ETYMOLOGY: (gwa- = under) + (sarn = litter) + (-u suffix
for forming verbs)
Breto gouzeria (= to litter)
Indo-European *ster, *strê (= extend)
Cf English strew < Old English streowian; German streuan,
Latin struere
:_______________________________.
gwasawyr (m)
1 (Penllyn) swelling, tumour
ETYMOLOGY: (gwa- = under) + (sawyr = smell)
:_______________________________.
gwas bach (masculine noun)
1 minor servant; dogsbody; drudge = servant
with all the hard tasks, lowest servant
in a hierarchy, menial servant; Joe Soap, one who always ends up doing
the unpleasant tasks
2 something of lesser importance, something which is subservient to another
Gwas bach i'r diwydiant haearn a dur fu glo ar y cychwyn, yn ochrau
Merthyrtudful
Coal was the second to the iron and steel industry at first, by
Merthyrtudful
3 (South-east Wales) latch on a gate
:_______________________________.
gwasband (m)
PLURAL gwasbandiau
1 waistband of trousers, skirt
Variants:
gwasband > gwasbant (south-east)
gwasband > gwasband, gwasbond, gwasbon
Plural:
gwasbonda
There is a clipped form of plural: gwasbandiau > 'sbandie, ’sbandia
ETYMOLOGY: (English waistband > Welsh wasband); (initial g
added to wasband)
:_______________________________.
gwas caru
1 go-between, intermediary, love messenger
:_______________________________.
gwas cegin
1 scullion = kitchen
servant
:_______________________________.
gwas cyflog
1 hireling = person who
works for another only because he = she is paid to do so; hired servant; hired
hand
Y pryd hynny yr oedd hawl gan y meistr i labyddio'i was cyflog
At the time the maser had a right to beat up his hired servant
Dw-i ddim ond gwas cyflog
I'm only doing my job
2 hireling = person or institution that is not independent, but that follows
the instructions of its master
Nid oed Ty^’r Arglwyddi ond gwas cyflog i'r Ceidwadwyr
The House of Lords was merely a servant of teh Conservative Party00
:_______________________________.
gwas dan was yw
e
1 “he’s a servant under a
servant”
Said of sb who talks loudly about a matter as if his opinion is important
although he has no influence at all in it; (from the seating arrangement at a
table, where below a higher-status was seated a lower-status servant)
:_______________________________.
gwaseidd-dra (m)
1 servility
:_______________________________.
gwaseiddiwch (m)
1 servility
:_______________________________.
gwas ffarmwr (m)
PLURAL gweision ffermwyr
1 farmhand
:_______________________________.
gwas fferm (m) <gwaas FERM> [ˡgwɑːs
ˡfɛrm]
PLURAL gweision fferm; or (if from various farms) gweision ffermydd
<GWEI-shon FERM / FER-midh> [ˡgwəɪʃon ˡfɛrm / ˡfɛrmɪð]
1 farmhand
:_______________________________.
gwasg, gweisg <GWASK,
GWEISK> [gwask, gwəɪsk] (feminine noun)
1 press = machine for compressing or flattening
2 press = machine for printing from type
3 press = publishing company
4 press = newspapers and magazines
y wasg the press
yn ôl stori yn y wasg... according to a story in the press
y wasg Americanaidd la premsa nord-americana
y wasg dabloid the tabloid press
5 press = newspaper reporters and photographers
cynhadledd i'r wasg press conference = (esp politicians, police) meeting
with the press or other mass media to give information
6 gwasg gaws cheese press
7 crush, squeeze, press (of a crowd)
gwasg torf the crush of the crowd
gwasg cynulleidfa the crush of the audience
8 squeezer, press = apparatus for squeezing juice from fruit; press (for making cider, etc)
gwasg olew oil press
gwasg lemon lemon press
9 gwasg waist (wasg under theinfluenceofEnglish waist)
fel mwmi wedi ei lapio mewn rhwymyn o 'i wasg i'w gorn gwddw!
like a mummy wrapped up in a bandage from his waist to his neck
10 (Mining) (South Wales) bulge (in the roof from the pressure of the weight
above it)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwasg < British *wask- < Celtic
Other British languages: Breton gwask (= oppression, compression)
Hibernina languages: Irish fáisc (= squeeze, press)
Compare Castilian, Catalan, Occitan basca (= anguish) < *vasca
ZCP 25 1956 t58
:_______________________________.
gwasgar <GWA-skar> (m)
PLURAL gwasgarion <gwa-SKAR-yon>
1 dispersion
ar wasgar dispersed, scattered
:_______________________________.
gwasgar = gwasgaru (v)
:_______________________________.
gwasgaredig (adj)
1 scattered
2 (settlement) dispersed
Ardal wasgaredig oedd ardal Ceidio
Ceidio was an area of scattered homes
3 (plural noun) gwasgaredigion stragglers
:_______________________________.
gwasgariad (m)
1 scattering, dispersal,
diaspora
:_______________________________.
gwasgarog (adj)
1 scattered
poblogaeth denau wasgarog
a thin scattered population
:_______________________________.
gwasgaru <gwa- ska -ri> (v)
1 scatter, sprinkle
gwasgarwch ychydig o flaed a siwgwr am ben y cwbl
sorinkle some flour and sugar over them all
2 (verb with an object)
scatter = disperse, put to flight
3 (verb with an object)
squander, waste, spend extravagantly (money),
mab y plas yn gwasgaru arian ei dad ar oferedd
the squire’s son wasting his father’s money on frivolous pleasures
4 (verb with an object) spread (dung)
gwasgaru tail (’sgwaru tail) to spread dung / manure
gwasgaru dom (South Wales) to spread dung / manure
5 scatter (swaths, in hay-making)
gwasgaru gwair strew hay, scatter hay for drying
gwasgaru ystodau strew hay, scatter hay for drying
6 ar wasgar scattered, dispersed
Y Cymry ar wasgar Welsh people in dispersion, the Welsh diaspora
7 spread, bring (an influence)
Mae ein hysgolion a'n colegau, a’r cyfryngau torfol, a thwristiaieth, a
mewnfudwyr yn gwasgaru dylanwadau Seisnig dros yr holl wlad
Our schools and colleges, the mass media, tourism and incomers spread
English influence all over the country
ETYMOLOGY: British *wo-skar
:_______________________________.
gwasgedd aer
1 pressure
gwasgedd aer air pressure
:_______________________________.
gwasgeddig (adj)
1 pressurised
:_______________________________.
gwasgedig (adj)
1 sultry (weather)
2 worried, anxious
Roedd golwg wasgedig ar y ddau The two of them looked worried
:_______________________________.
gwasgfa <GWASK-va> [ˡgwaskva] feminine noun
PLURAL gwasgféydd <gwask-VEIDH> [gwaskˡvƏɪð]
1 (North Wales) fit
y wasgfa the fit
cael gwasgfa have a fit
2 pang
gwasgfa angau death-pangs
gwasgfa esgor birth-pangs
gwasgfa cydwybod a pang of conscience, the pangs of conscience
3 oppression, affliction
4 pressure = squeeze, force which
compels
5 hardship
yr oedd yn wasgfa ryfeddol arni
she was suffering tremendous hardship
6 (action) crush, squeeze
7 squeeze, crush = pressure of many people in a confined place
8 (heavy traffic) crush, squeeze
Yr oedd yn hwyr arnom yn cyrraedd gan gymaint gwasgfa'r ceir...
t51 Dyddiadur America gan Gareth Alban Davies 1967
We were late arriving because of the heavy traffic (“since so much the squeezing
of the cars”)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwasg-, root of gwasgu = to squeeze, to press) + (-fa
noun-forming suffix, indicating a place or action)
:_______________________________.
gwasg gaws
1 cheese press
Wooden frame on a low bench with a large stone as a weight, or wooden box full
of stones, or else made or iron
:_______________________________.
gwasgiad (m)
PLURAL gwasgiadau
1 pressing
2 (hand) grasp, handshake
gwasgiad llipa ei law his weak handshake
3 squeeze
4 hug, squeeze
rhoi gwasgiad i give (sb) a hug / a squeeze
ETYMOLOGY: (gwasg- root of gwasgu = to press) + (suffix -iad)
NOTE: (South Wales) gwasgad
:_______________________________.
gwasgiant (m)
PLURAL gwasgiannau
1 (mechanical) stress
gwasgiannau a thyniannau stresses and strains
:_______________________________.
gwasg lemon <gwask-LE-mon> [ˡgwask ˡlɛmɔn] (f)
1 lemon-squeezer
:_______________________________.
gwasgnod (m)
PLURAL gwasgnodau
1 imprint = name of a publisher with date and place of publication,
usually at the foot of the title-page or at the back of the title page;
or similar information about a printer
Also: argraffnod
ETYMOLOGY: (gwasg =
printing press) + (nod = mark)
:_______________________________.
gwasgod (m)
PLURAL gwasgodiau
1 shelter, shade
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwasgod < *gwosgod < *gwosgawd
(gwo- prefix = under) + (sgawd) < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Breton gwasked
From the same Celtic root: Irish foscadh (= shelter)
NOTE: In south-east Wales, in the form gwishgod
:_______________________________.
gwasgod, gwasgodau <GWA-skod, gwa-SKOO-dai, -de> [ˡgwaskɔd, gwaˡskoˑdaɪ,
gwasˡkoˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 waistcoat
y wasgod the waistcoat
gwasgod wlanen flannel waistcoat
2 gwasgod gaeth strait-jacket = tight coat which a criminal or insane
person is made to wear to prevent struggling or agression or escape
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English waistcoat (waist + coat)
:_______________________________.
gwasgodi (v)
1 shelter
ETYMOLOGY: (gwasgod = shelter) + (verbal suffix –i)
NOTE: NOTE: In south-east Wales, in the form gwashgodi, gwishgoti
:_______________________________.
gwasgodlen (f)
PLURAL gwasgodlenni
1 awning
ETYMOLOGY: (gwasgod = shade) + soft mutation + (llen = curtain)
:_______________________________.
gwasgod lewys (f)
1 sleeved waistcoat
:_______________________________.
gwasgod wlanen (f)
1 (Ceredigion) woollen
vest
:_______________________________.
gwasgu <GWA-ski> [ˡgwaskɪ] (verb)
1 to press = exert steady force; crush
gwasgu cyffes o (rywun) extract a confession from (sb)
2 press one’s back against
Fe wasgodd Morgan yn dynn wrth y wal pan welodd y lori yn dod
Morgan pressed his back against the wall when he saw the lorry coming
3 (shoe) pinch, be too tight
mae'r esgid hon yn gwasgu this shoe's too tight
lle mae'r esgid yn gwasgu / lle mae'r esgid fach yn
gwasgu where the trouble lies
pan fyddai'r esgid fach yn gwasgu when money is tight, when we have very
little money, when we feel the pinch
Mae'r esgid fach yn gwasgu mewn man na wyddoch chi
(pennill telyn / verse for a harp) “The little shoe pinches in a place
you don’t know” (= you don’t know what my distress might be)
4 pinch, hold (one’s nose)
gwasgu ei thrwyn iddi lyncu'r moddion
pinch her nose to make her swallow the medicine
5 squash
(North) gwasgu yn seitan squash flat
(South) gwasgu yn shwps squash flat
6 wring (clothes)
gwasgu’r dw^r o’r dillad wring the clothes
7 squeeze = force together, compress
gwasgu i squeeze into
Fe gawson nhw eu gwasgu i’r stafell fechan They were squeezed into the
small room
8 press down
Gwasgodd yn galed ar y sbardun a neidiodd y car ymlaen
He pressed down hard on the accelerator and the car shot forward
9 press = move by pressing
10 squeeze = apply pressure, crush, in order to extract juice from
gwagu’r orenau squeeze the oranges
11 squeeze = cram, push into
gwasgu’r dillad i’r cês squeeze the clothes into the suitcase
12 squeeze = press out pus or matter or fluid from a pimple, spot, blister
13 gwasgu ar upset
Ma siŵr o fod rhywbeth yn gwasgu arni
t203 Gefynnau Cudd, gan John R Evans 1966
Something must be upsetting her
14 (South Wales) (face) get thinner
Ma fa wedi gwasgu yn 'i wneb (Mae e wedi gwasgu yn ei wyneb) His face
has got thinner
15 1 extort (money) (from sb), squeeze (money) out of (sb)
Fydd hi ddim yn anodd gwasgu pres o'i groen e
It won’t be difficult to squeeze some money out of him
16 gwasgedd pressure (gwasg- + -edd)
diwasgedd (weather) depression
(di-) + soft mutation + (gwasgedd)
17 drws sy'n gwasgu iddo'i hun
a door which folds in on itself, folds like a concertina
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Welsh
From the same British root: Breton gwasga (= to press)
From the same Common Celtic root: Irish fáisg (= to press)
:_______________________________.
gwasgu ar eich gwynt
1
cause shortness of breath
1 bear down on, pressurise
:_______________________________.
gwasgu at ei gilydd
1
cuddle up to eacxh other
:_______________________________.
gwasgu brest (North-west Wales)
1 say nothing, keep quiet
lit: = press one's breast
:_______________________________.
gwasgu clust (North-west Wales)
Also: gwasgu clustiau
1 turn a deaf ear to
lit: = press one's ear, ears
:_______________________________.
gwasgu dwrn (North-west Wales)
1 clench one's fist
:_______________________________.
gwasgu gwellt
Southern
Ceredigion
1 be idle
:_______________________________.
gwasgu i maes
1
squeeze out
gwasgu'r dŵr mâs o'r 'sanau
squeeze the water out of the socks
:_______________________________.
gwasgu i'r gongl (North
Wales)
1 corner, drive into a corner
:_______________________________.
gwasgu i'r gornel (South Wales)
1 corner, drive into a corner
:_______________________________.
gwasgu i'r llaid
1 ride
roughshod over
gwasgu pobol onest i'r llaid, er mwyn chwyddo ei gyfrif banc
ride roughshod over honest people in order to inflate his bank account
(“press into the mud”)
:_______________________________.
gwasgu megin
(North-west
Wales)
1 say nothing, keep quiet
lit: = press one's bellows (= breast, chest)
:_______________________________.
gwasgu'r fèg
1
make do with less, tighten one's belt
2 make a sly dig at sb, get one's own back a bit,
settle the score partially
:_______________________________.
gwas gwely
1
chamberlain
:_______________________________.
gwasgwr (m)
PLURAL gwasgwyr
1 person who presses, squeezes, etc
Nid peiriannydd mohono - gwasgwyr botymau yw e
He’s not an engineer - he’s a button pusher
:_______________________________.
Gwasgwyn
1
Gasconia, region of Occitania
:_______________________________.
Gwasgwynes
1 Gascon woman
:_______________________________.
Gwasgwyniad
1 Gascon man
:_______________________________.
gwasgydd <GWASG-idh> [ˡgwasgɪð] masculine noun
PLURAL gwasgyddion <gwasg-ƏDH-yon> [gwasgˡəðjɔn]
1 squeezer
gwasgydd lemwn lemon squeezer
ETYMOLOGY: (gwasg-, root of gwasgu = to squeeze, to press) + (-ydd
suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwasg y gwter
1 gutter
press
:_______________________________.
gwashgoti (South-east Wales)
1 See: gwasgodi
:_______________________________.
gwas hir
1 occurs
as an epithet in Middle Welsh
Gwas Hir
(‘tall servant’)
:_______________________________.
gwas’naethu / gwasnaethu <gwas-NEI-thi> <gwa-sa-NEI-thi> [ˡgwasnƏɪθɪ] [ˡgwasanƏɪθɪ]
1 to serve; a form of gwasanaethu
Yr emyn oedd hwn: “Mewn bywyd mae gwasnaethu Duw...”
This
was the hymn: “In life there is serving God”
:_______________________________.
gwasod <gwa-sod> [ˡgwasɔd] (m)
(South-west Wales)
1 ( = buwch cow = ), heat, desire for a bull;
buwch wasod, buchod gwasod cow in heat, cows in heat
ETYMOLOGY: gwasawd < *gwosawd (gwo- = sota) + (*sawd-
= posar) < British *wo-staat- (Cf Catalan estar =
to be)
:_______________________________.
:_______________________________.
gwastad <GWA-stad> [ˡgwastad] (adjective)
1 flat, even
2 anwastad uneven (an- = negative prefix) + soft mutation + (gwastad
= flat, even)
llawr pridd anwastad an
uneven earthen floor
3 mor wastad â
thalcen iâr as flat as a pancake (“as flat as (the) forehead (of a ) hen”)
4 chwalu
yn wastad â’r llawr raze to the ground
:_______________________________.
gwastad ‹GWA-stad> (m)
PLURAL gwastadoedd, gwastadau
1 level, flat = flat even surface
2 level place
3 plain
4 valley floor
5 gwastadau flats
gwastadau llaid mudflats
6 place names:
..1 Y Gwastad, Bowstrit (Ceredigion) (“the flat ground”)
..2 Gwastad y Borth (Ceredigion) (“the flat ground of Y Borth”)
7 the flat of one’s back
ar eich gwastad (lying) flat on your back, (lying) on your back, (lying)
face up
ar wastad eich cefn (lying) flat on your back, (lying) on your back,
(lying) face up
Yr oedd yn gorwedd ar wastad ei gefn ar fwrdd y gegin
He was lying on his back on the kitchen table, he was lying face up on the
kitchen table
1 yn wastad (adv) always, constantly
yn wastad ar ôl, fel gwas y gwcw “always behind / slow to understand
what’s happening, like the cuckoo’s servant / dunnock or hedge sparrow”
gwas y
gog (Prunella modularis) “(the)
servant (of) the cuckoo”
The cuckoo uses the dunnock’s nest to lay its eggs for the dunnocks to rear
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh GWÁSTAD < *GWASTÁD < British *GWASTÁT-OS
:_______________________________.
gwastadedd <gwa- STAA-dedh> (m)
PLURAL gwastadeddau, gwastadeddoedd <gwa-sta-DEE-dhe, -dhodh>
1 plain
:_______________________________.
Y Gwastadeddoedd
Mawr
1 the Great Plains
:_______________________________.
gwastadfaes (m)
1 plain, downland
:_______________________________.
Gwastadros
1 SH8835 360m 1182 ft. Moorland near
Llan-y-cil, Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/328333 Afon Isa
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/202388 Gwastadros
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/202392 y gopa / the top
ETYMOLOGY: ‘flat moor’ (gwastad = flat) + soft mutation + (rhos =
moor, moorland)
:_______________________________.
gwastadrwydd (m)
1 flatness
:_______________________________.
gwastatäwr <gwa-sta-TAA-ur> [gwaˡstatɑˑʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL gwastatwyr <gwa-STAT-wir> [gwasˡtatwɪr]
1 leveller
Angau y Gwastatäwr Mawr Death the Great Leveller
:_______________________________.
gwastateuo <gwa-sta- TEI -o> (North Wales)
Spoken form: 'steuo
1 pacify, calm, bring into line
ETYMOLOGY: (gwastatáu) + (-o)
:_______________________________.
gwastatir <gwa-STA-TIr> [gwaˡstatɪr] masculine noun
PLURAL gwastatwyr <gwa-sta-TI-roidh
-odh> [gwastaˡtiˑrɔɪð -ɔð]
1 plain
gwastatir llifwaddod alluvial plain
:_______________________________.
gwastatu <gwa- sta -ti>
1 = gwastatáu (to level)
:_______________________________.
gwastedin <gwa-STEE-din>
1 level ground, open
country
ETYMOLOGY: (gwastad = plain) + (-in)
:_______________________________.
Gwastedin <gwa-STEE-din>
1 topònim, medieval townland
of Nantmel (Powys)
“Gwastedyn Hill” SN9866 south-east of Rhaeadr-gwy
The Welsh name is not indicated on maps (Bryn Gwastedin? Mynydd
Gwastedin?)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/733350
ETYMOLOGY: (See previous entry)
:_______________________________.
gwastodi <gwa-STOO-di>
(South-west Wales)
1 make even, level, smooth
Colloquial form: gwastoti
:_______________________________.
gwas traed
1 footman
:_______________________________.
gwastraff <GWA-straf> [ˡgwastraf] masculine noun
PLURAL gwastraffion <gwa-STRAF-yon> [gwaˡstrafjɔn]
1 waste
2 gwastraff ar a waste of
Mae dyfrháu’r lawnt yn wastraff ar ddŵr gwerthfawr Watering the
lawn is a waste of valuable water
3 waste = extravagance, frivilous spending
Yr oedd darparu fisoedd cyn dydd yr Arwisgiad, a sôn am wastraff!...
There were preaparations months before the Investiture, and talk about
waste!
ceisio dweud wrth bawb yn y pentref y fath wastraff oedd ar arian y bobol
trying to tell everyone in the village about the great waste of people’s
money (“such waste that was on teh money of the people”)
4 waste = unproductive effort
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English
Cf Lowlandic (Germanic language of Scotland), which has gwastrife (=
wastefulness, extravagance)
:_______________________________.
gwastraff amser
1 a waste of time
:_______________________________.
gwastraff ar sebon
seboni pen asyn
1 (advice to speak one's
mind in a matter, even to the point of causing grave offence)
Llanwrtyd (Wiliam)
“a waste of soap, soping teh head of an ass”
:_______________________________.
gwastrafflyd (adj) (North Wales)
1 wasteful
Colloquially: 'strafflyd
:_______________________________.
gwastraffu <gwa-STRAA-fi> [gwaˡstrɑˑfɪ] (verb)
1 waste, squander, (USA: also: slather)
Bu’r ddau gwmni a gafodd eu preifateiddio'n gwastraffu miliynau o bunnau er
moethusrwydd eu cyfarwyddwyr
The two companies which were privatised wasted millions of pounds on luxury
for their directors
bara a chaws oedd y drefn; gwastraffu enllyn oedd bwyta bara a menyn a chaws
bread and cheese was the thing (‘order’); it was a waste of food (wasting a
complement) to eat bread and butter and cheese
2 waste = not put to good use, misuse
gwastraffu'ch talent waste your talent
:_______________________________.
gwastraffu
amser
1 waste time
:_______________________________.
gwastraffu
anadl
1 waste (one's)
breath
:_______________________________.
gwastraffus
(adj)
1 (person = person)
wasteful, improvident
2 (proses = process) wasteful
:_______________________________.
gwastraffwr (m)
PLURAL gwastraffwyr
1 waster
2spendthrift
:_______________________________.
gwastrawd <GWA-straud> [ˡgwastraʊd] masculine noun
PLURAL gwastrodion <gwa- strod
-yon>
1 groom, stableman
Roedd y gwastrodion yn byw ger y neuadd The grooms lived near the hall
2 equerry = officer who looks after a
prince’s or king’s horses
ETYMOLOGY: possibly gwás-strawd < gwas-ýstrawd < (gwas =
lad, servant) + (*ystrawd = saddle, < Latin strâtum = saddle)
:_______________________________.
gwastrodaeth <gwa-STRO-daith, -deth> (f)
(North Wales)
1 discipline, mastery, authority
2 cadw gwastrodaeth ar dominate, keep in check, hold in check
Also gwastradaeth, gwastradedd, gwastrodedd;
and clipped forms 'strodeth), 'strodath
:_______________________________.
gwastrodedd <gwa- stro-dedh> (m)
(North Wales)
1 discipline, authority
2 office of a groom
:_______________________________.
gwastrodi <gwa-stro-di > (vi)
1 serve as a groom
2 discipline, master
3 be boss over, keep down, keep in one’s place, maintain superiority over
Bu gynnau'r heddlu’n gwastrodi y gwrthryfelwr a phrotestwr y daethont ar eu
traws
The guns of the police kept down the rebels and protesters they came across
:_______________________________.
gwastrodion
<gwa-STROD-yon>
See gwastrawd
:_______________________________.
gwas twt
(South-west Wales)
1 factotum, odd-job man
:_______________________________.
gwaswlad (f)
PLURAL gwaswledydd
1 vassal state
:_______________________________.
gwas y baw
1 curlew (Diarhebion o
dref Merthyrtudful 1894-97)
:_______________________________.
gwas y fwyell
1 (neologism) hatchet
man, in a company a person who carries out a policy of getting rid of staff,
cutting costs, etc
“(the) servant (of) the axe”
:_______________________________.
gwas y gannwyll
Ceredigion
1 daddy-long-legs, crane fly
“(the) servant (of) the candle”
:_______________________________.
gwas y gog (m)
PLURAL gweision y gog
(North Wales)
1 (Prunella modularis) hedge sparrow
“servant (of) the cuckoo”
Note: Standard name: llwyd y gwrych
”grey / brown (bird) (of) the hedge”
:_______________________________.
gwas y gwcw (m)
PLURAL gweision y gwcw
mor ffyddlon â gwas y
gwcw “as faithful as the
hedge sparrow”
yn wastad ar ôl, fel gwas y gwcw “always behind / late, like the hedge
sparrow”
:_______________________________.
gwas y neidr (m)
PLURAL gweision y neidr
(North Wales)
1 (trychfil = insect) dragonfly
2 yellow bunting {penfelen}
Gwas y Neidr oedd yr enw cyntaf i mi glywed ar yr aderyn, a hynny am fod
marciau ar lun nadroedd ar ei wyau. / t43 / Seiat Byd Natur 1971 /
Golygydd: E Breeze Jones
Gwas y Neidr was the first name I heard for this bird, and the reason for this
is that there are marks in teh shape of snakes on its eggs.
ETYMOLOGY: “servant of the snake”
:_______________________________.
gwas y seiri
1 goldfinch
Mae'n rhyfedd meddwl mai dyma'r tro cyntaf i'r cyfaill
weld Jac Nico... Dwn i ddim sawl enw sydd arno fo yng Nghymru -
Eurbinc, Soldiwr Bach y Werddon, Teiliwr Llundain, Peneuryn,
Y Nicol, Gwas y Seiri, a Pobliw...t125 / Seiat Byd Natur / 1971 / Golygydd: E
Breeze Jones
ETYMOLOGY: “servant of the carpenters”
:_______________________________.
gwatar
North Wales
See:gwatwar
:_______________________________.
gwa’th <GWAATH> [gwɑːθ]
1 southern form of gwaeth (= worse)
Usually spelt (less correctly) gwâth
See aa
See gwaath
See gwaeth
:_______________________________.
gwâth
(South Wales)
1 southern form of gwaeth (= worse)
See aa
See gwaath
See gwaeth
:_______________________________.
gwatsiad
(North Wales)
1 watch
Fydda i byth yn gwatshad y Newyddion rwan
I never watch the news now
Gwatsia, Tom. Mae’r baedd yn dŵad allan
Watch out, Tom. The boar’s coming out.
Alternative spelling: gwatshad
ETYMOLOGY: < English watch [WACH] (from a time when the ‘a’ was
pronouced [a], and not [o] as now) (wats [wats]) + (i-ad verb
suffix) > watsiad > gwastiad (addition of initial g
to conform to the general pattern in Welsh where gw- is the raadical
form, and w- is a soft-mutated form)
:_______________________________.
gwatwar <GWAT-war> [ˡgwatwar] masculine noun
PLURAL gwatwarau,
gwatwarion <GWAT-war, gwat-WAR-yon> [ˡgwatwar, gwatwarjɔn]
1 mockery, scorn, derision, taunt
ETYMOLOGY: stem of the verb gwatwar
:_______________________________.
gwatwar <gwat-war> (v)
1 ridicule, scorn, deride
Cafodd ei watwar gan ei gyd-genedl wrth iddo ymlafnio i gadw’r iaith yn fyw
yn y cylch
He was mocked by his fellow countrymen as he laboured to keep the language
alive in the area
2 imiate, take off, mimic
Mi fedar Glyn y Bont ei watwar o i'r dim
Glyn from Y Bont can imitate him perfectly
Gwatwar y gog a wnai Jac Cae-mawr bob gwanwyn fis cyn iddi gyrraedd
Jac from Cae-mawr used to imitate the cuckoo every spring a month before it
arrived
ETYMOLOGY: stem of the verb gwatwar
Welsh gwatwar < *gwotwar (= *gwo-ad-war) < British
*wo-ate-war-
Compare dynwared (= imitate), anwared (obsolete) (= imitate)
NOTE: North Wales gwatar
:_______________________________.
gwatwarus (adj)
1 mocking, derisive,
scoffing, sneering
:_______________________________.
gwatwarwenu
Gwahoddwyd rhyw gyfeillion yno i dreulio prydnawn, a dygwyd yntau yno, nid i
fwynhau y gyfeillach, ond i Mrs. —— gael difyru ei hunan drwy ei ddirmygu;
cyfarchai un o'r ymwelesau, gan watwarwenu ar Howells, a dywedai, "Dyma
fe, O mor grefyddol y mae yn ceisio gwneyd ei hunan; y mae wedi myned yn
dduwiol i gyd ar unwaith."
Boanerges - Cofiant y Parch. Morgan Howells / y Parch E. Morgan / Caerdydd /
1853 t.
(Nid yw’r gair hwn yng nGPC)
:_______________________________.
gwau <GWAI> [ˡgwaɪ] (v)
(vi)
1 knit = to be engaged in the activity of knitting
cerwch yn ôl at eich gwau go back to your knitting
2 weave = (people in a crowd)
y siopwyr yn gwau drwy'u gilydd yn y farchnad
the
shoppers weaving through the crowd (“through each other”) in the market
3 weave = move as birds or bats or insects flying and circling, and cutting
across each other's path
yr ystlumod yno'n gwau ar ôl gwybed wedi machlud haul
the bats
weaving in pursuit of midges after sunset
(vt)
2 knit
= make (something) with wool and long needles
:_______________________________.
gwaudd <gwaidh >
1 daughter-in-law
Genesis 38:15 A Jwda a'i canfu hi, ac a dybiodd mai putain ydoedd hi;
oblegid gorchuddio ohoni ei hwyneb. (35:16) Ac efe a drodd ati hi i'r ffordd,
ac a ddywedodd. Tyred, atolwg, gad i mi ddyfod atat: (oblegid nid oedd efe yn
gwybod mai ei waudd ef ydoedd hi.) Hithau a ddywedodd, Beth a roddi i mi, os cei
ddyfod ataf?
(38:15) When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she had
covered her face. (38:16) And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Go to, I
pray thee, let me come in unto thee; (for he knew not that she was his daughter
in law.) And she said, What wilt thou give me, that thou mayest come in unto
me?
:_______________________________.
gwaun, gweunydd <GWAIN,
GWEI-nidh> [ˡgwaɪn, ˡgwəɪnɪð] (feminine noun)
1 moorland meadow, mountain pasture, moor field,
natural pasture
y waun the meadow
y Waun Bodr (place name) the barren moorland meadow (y
= definite article) + soft mutation + (gwaun = prat, erm) + soft
mutation + (podr feminine form of pwdr = rotten; barren, poor)
2 heath (Lowlandic: muir)
gweunydd moors
3 marshy land
NOTE: In place names waun is often used where one might expect gwaun
(the soft-mutated form has displaced the radical form)
North-west Wales: y weunydd (the standard form would be y gweunydd)
South-east Wales: gweun, weun
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwaun < gweun < gwoun <
British < Celtic *uâg-nâ
From the same British root: Cornish gwoun, Breton geun, yeun (=
bog)
From the same Celtic root: Irish fána (= downward slope)
:_______________________________.
Gwaun <gwain > [gwaɪn] f
1 (SN0034) Afon Gwaun = river in Dyfed; local form Afon Gweun
[GWEIN]
Aber-gwaun <a-ber-GWEIN> [abɛrˡgwəɪn] town at the estuary of the Gwaun river.
Local name: Aber-gweun [a-ber-GWEIN]. English name: Fishguard
ETYMOLOGY: (aber = estuary) + (Gwaun name of river)
:_______________________________.
Gwaunadam
1 former place name in
Caer-dydd
The Survey and
Presentment of The Manor of Roath Keynsham in Glamorgan
Tudalen 109 / Archaeologia Cambrensis / 4th Series / Vol XIV / 1883
:_______________________________.
Gwauncaegurwen (SN7011)
Short form: y Waun
Gwauncaegurwen, Rhydaman, Dyfed :_______________________________.
gwawdlun <GWAWD-lin> [ˡgwawdlɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL gwawdluniau <gwawd-LUN-yai,
-ye> [gwawdˡlʊnjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 caricature
gwawdlun o Dylan Thomas mewn tafarn yn Llundain
a caricature of Dylan Thomas in a pub in London
ETYMOLOGY: (gwawd = derision, mockery) + soft mutation + (llun =
picture)
:_______________________________.
gwawdlunio <gwawd-LIN-yo> [gwawdˡlɪnjɔ] (verb)
1 caricature, draw caricatures
ETYMOLOGY: (gwawdlun = caricature) + (-i-o verbal suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwawdluniol <gwawd-LIN-yol> [gwawdˡlɪnjɔl] (adj)
1 jeering
Mae y Sais-ddyfodiad yn iwso y terma mwyaf atgas yn ei leferydd y gall Beelzebub
ei hunan droi mas o'i ffactri frwmstanaidd. Y mae pobpath y sonant amdano yn
"bloody this" a "bloody that", a damniant eu llygaid i anwn
am y peth lleiaf ne ddim; ie, galwant Dduw yn dyst i bob trybini wnant mewn
termau mor anystyriol a gwawdluniol na feiddia un gwir Gymro ddychmygu am
danynt, ac na chlywyd mo honynt yn merwino clustiau bryniau a mynyddoedd Gwent
cyn eu dyfod hwy yno ar eu pererindod begeryddol ac yspeiliol.
Llith V, 1897, Tarian y Gweithiwr
The English incomer uses the most repulsive terms that Beelzebub could turn out
of his brimstone factory in his speech, Everything they talk about is "bloody
this" and "bloody that", and they damn their eyes to
hell for the least thing or for nothing; yes, they call God as a witness to
every trouble of their making in terms so thoughtless and jeering that there
isn’t one true Welshman who dare imagine them, and they were not heard jarring
on the ears of the hills and mountains of Gwent before their arrival there on
their beggarsome and despoiling pilgrimage.
:_______________________________.
gwawdluniwr <gwawd-LIN-yur> [gwawdˡlɪnjʊr] (m)
PLURAL gwawdlunwyr <gwawd-LIN-wir> [gwawdˡlɪnwɪr]
1 caricaturist
:_______________________________.
gwawdlyd <GWAWD-lid> [ˡgwawdlɪd] (adj)
1 mocking
Roedd yr aelodau fymryn yn wawdlyd ohono
The members mocked him somewhat
:_______________________________.
gwawdlym (adj)
1 sarcastic
:_______________________________.
gwawdus (adj)
1 mockingly
TES-Y Daeth "Y Diwygiad" i'r wlad, ac ysgubodd ei don nwydus i bob
cwr,
a chyffyrddodd â phob calon bron... Gwelwyd Ifan Ifans fel pe'n teimlo'n ddwys
dan bregeth ar noson waith yn y capel,
a phan oedd ar dorri allan i orfoleddu, trawodd
ei lygaid ar y Capten bach yn sefyll yn yr ael,
ac yn cilwenu'n wawdus arno(:REF)t51 Straeon (gan Gwynfor) 1931(REF:)
TES-Z
:_______________________________.
gwawr <GWAUR> [gwaʊr] feminine noun
PLURAL gwawroedd
1 dawn
y wawr the dawn
gwawrddydd dawn (literary word)
gyda’r wawr at dawn
o wawr hyd fachlud from dawn to dusk
Merched y Wawr Welsh women’s organisation (“(the) daughters (of) the
dawn”)
gyda gwawr y dydd at dawn
2 brightness
3 hue, tint, nuance,
soupçon
petalau gwynion a gwawr binc arnynt
white petals tinged with pink (“and a pink tinge on them”)
4 (obsolete) leader,
chief
5 (obsolete) hero
6 (obsolete) princess,
lady, maiden
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic < Indo-European *awes- (=
to shine).
Welsh gwawr corresponds
to Irish fáir (= sunrise, dawn)
Cf from this same IE root
..1/ Latin aurôra (1) dawn, (2) Aurora – goddess of the dawn,
..2/ Greek eos (1) dawn, (2) Eos, goddess of the dawn;
:_______________________________.
Gwawr <GWAUR> [gwaʊr] (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name (= dawn)
(twentieth century)
:_______________________________.
gwawrddydd
1 daybreak
:_______________________________.
gwawroedd <GWAU-rodh> [ˡgwaʊrɔð]
:_______________________________.
gwayw <gwa -iu> (m)
PLURAL gwewyr <gwe -wir>
1 pain, ache
:_______________________________.
gwddf, gyddfau <GUDHV,
GƏDH-vai -ve> [ˡgʊðv, ˡgəðvaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 neck
2 throat
Glynodd asgwrn yn ei wddf A bone lodged in his throat
3 gyddfdorch torque = necklace made of twisted metal, usually
gold, worn by the ancient Celts and Germans (gyddf-, penult form of gwddf
= neck) + soft mutation + (torch = torque, neckalce of twisted gold,
etc)
:_______________________________.
:_______________________________.
gwddw, gyddfau <GUU-dhu,
GƏDH-vai, -ve> [ˡguˑðʊ, ˡgəðvaɪ,
ˡgəðvaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1 neck (North)
Y Gwddw Glas <ə GUU-dhu
GLAAS> [ə ˡguˑðʊ, ˡgl ɑːsðvaɪ,
ˡgəðvaɪ, -ɛ] place
on the promontory of Penmaen Mawr (apparently called by the English ‘Green
Gorge’, either a spontaneous coining, or a semi-translation from Welsh)
:_______________________________.
gwddwg <GUU-dhug> [ˡguˑðʊg] masculine noun
PLURAL gwddwgau <gu-DHUG-ai, -e> [gʊˡðuˑgaɪ,
gʊˡðuˑgaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (South Wales) neck
2 throat Mae gwddwg tost gyda fi I’ve got a sore throat
3 The waterfall known in English as “Water-Break-Its
-Neck” in Coedwig y Gwningar / Warren Wood SO186598 Maesyfed / New
Radnor (SO2160) is “Dŵr-Torri-Gwddwg” according to a Forestry
Commission webpage (accessed 2005-10-03)
http://www.forestry.gov.uk/website/wildwoods.nsf/LUwebDocsByKey/WalesPowysMaesyfedRadnorCoedwigWarrenCoedwigWarrenWelsh
(I am uncertain whether this is a traditional form, though more likely it is a
translation of the English name. If it is a translation, is it an official
form? Any information?)
NOTE: See gwddf
NOTE: See gwddf, the literary form of this word
:_______________________________.
gwddyn <gu -dhin> (adj) (Gal·les del Sud-est)
VEGEU: gwydn(·e·)
:_______________________________.
gwdechwdd <gu-DEE-khudh> [gʊˡdeˑxʊð] masculine noun
1 obsolete; South-east
Wales evening. See godechwydd
:_______________________________.
gwe,
gweoedd / gweau <GWEE> [gweː] ‹GWEE-oidh –odh, GWEE ai, -e› [ˡgweˑɔɪð, ˡgweˑɔð,
ˡgweˑaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 web
y we = the web
2 anwe woof, weft; (in an upright
loom) the horizontal threads, at right angles to the warp (vertical threads)
ystof ac anwe warp and woof; weave, structure
gwe ac anwe warp and woof; weave, (an = in ) + soft mutation + (gwe
= weft, weave)
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh < British < Celtic
Breton has anve,
and Irish has inneach (= weft, weave)
:_______________________________.
gwead, gweadau <GWEE-ad,
gwe-AA-de> [ˡgweˑad, gwɛˡɑːdaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 weave
2 (garment)
llac ei wead loose woven
clos ei wead close woven
ETYMOLOGY: (gwe-
stem of gweu = to weave) + (-ad noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwedd <GWEEDH> [gweːð] femení
PLURAL gweddoedd <GWEE-dhoidh, -odh> [ˡgweˑðɔɪð, -ɔð]
1 yoke
2 yoke = oppression
3 (horses) pair, team;
gwedd o geffylau pair of horses
gwedd o ychen yoke of oxen
ceffyl gwedd horse (“yoke horse”), working horse, horse used for
pulling, shire horse
Y pryd hynny byddai’r gweddoedd ceffylau yn llenwi’r efail, a mynych y
byddai
yno bump neu chwech ar y tro yn disgwyl cael eu pedoli
Then pairs of working horses would fill the smithy, and often there would be
five or six waiting to be shoed
gwedd aredig ploughing team
4 an-wedd (North-east Wales)
extraordinarily, exceedingly, extremely
mae hi’n oer an-wedd It’s extremely cold (an- = negative prefix)
+ soft mutation + (gwedd = yoke)
5 gweddog yoked
rhoi dan y wedd to put under the yoke
canlyn gwedd (“follow yoke”) be a ploughman
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwedd < British *wue- (= to tie)
Irish feadhain (= company) (apparently the original sense was, as it is
in Welsh, ‘yoke’)
Scottish (Gaelic) feadhainn (= company)
:_______________________________.
gwedd <GWEEDH> [gweːð] (1) feminine noun
PLURAL gweddau <GWEE-dhai, -e> [ˡgweˑðaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 aspect, appearance, look
y wedd the appearance
newid eich gwedd change your appearance, disguise oneself
2 ar ei newydd
wedd in its new guise, the new-look
Bu dathliadau mawr yn Llanuwchllyn dros y Flwyddyn Newydd pan agorwyd y
neuadd bentref ar ei newydd wedd
There were big celebrations in Llanuwchllyn over New Year when the new-look
village hall was opened
3 gwedd dda ar:
fine-looking
anifail â gwedd dda arno a fine-looking animal (“(an) animal with (a)
fine look on it”)
4 gwedd wahanol
ar said of what lookes different, different looking (“(a) different aspect
on”)
rhoi gwedd wahanol ar alter the appearance of (“give / put (a) different
aspect on”)
5 face,
countenance, mien
6 complexion,
colour of the face
gwelw eich gwedd pale, pale-looking (“pale your complexion”)
7 (moon) phase
gweddau’r lleuad the phases of the moon
8 (wood) texture
9 kind, type, sort
10 manner, way
yr un wedd in the same way
ar un wedd
..a/ in one way
..b/ (South) on any account, whatver may happen, under no circumstances
11 second element
in these compound words:
..1/ agwedd feminine noun = attitude < *angwedd < *an-ngwedd
(an- = intensifying prefix) + nasal mutation + (gwedd =
aspect, appearance)
..2/ cerfwedd relief = raised work (art) (cerf-, stem of cerfio
= to carve, to sculpt) + soft mutation + (gwedd = aspect)
..3/ glanwedd (adjective) pure, clean, pretty (glân = pure,
clean, pretty) + (gwedd)
..4/ llorwedd adjective horizontal (llawr = floor) + (gwedd)
..5/ llunwedd feminine noun layout (of a room) (llun =
image) + (gwedd)
..6/ rhinwedd (feminine noun) virtue (rhin = essence) + (gwedd)
..7/ tirwedd feminine noun landscape (tir = land) + (gwedd)
..8/ trumwedd peak, hill; appearance, form, outline (trum = hill,
peak, ridge) + soft mutation + (gwedd = appearance)
Used in the county of Dinbych, and in the neighbouring district of Meirionydd
in the county of Gwynedd.
Also in use as trymwydd to the south of Meirionydd, in the northern part
of the county of Ceredigion. In this variant, there is
..a/ loss of quality of the tonic vowel – the replacement of the original vowel
in this position by the obscure vowel is not unusual in Welsh;
..b/ and confusion with the element gŵydd (= presence)
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh gwedd < British *uidâ < uedi- see, appear.
Related to Latin videre (= to see), and also to words in Germanic
languages, for example:
..a/ English (1) wit (mind; gift of making of sharp humorous
observations), (2) witness;
..b/ German wissen (= to know).
:_______________________________.
gweddi, gweddïau
<GWEE-dhi, gwe-DHII-ai, -e> [ˡgweˑðɪ, gwɛˡðiˑaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 prayer
y weddi the prayer
:_______________________________.
gweddill,
gweddillion <GWEE-dhilh, gwe-DHILH-yon> [ˡgweˑðɪɬ, gwɛˡ ðɪɬjɔn]
(masculine noun)
1 rest = remaining portion, remnant, rump
(= remaining part)
gwarchod yr ychydig sy'n weddill o'r coedwigoedd cynhenid
2 rest, remainder = other people after one section has been mentioned,
considered in some way
mecanics go iawn yw rhai ohonyn nhw, ond mae'r gweddill heb yr un cymhwyster
ganddyn nhw
3 rest = remaining part (of a
period of time);
am weddill y diwrnod ENG-Z
y Llun mae-e'n gweithio yn Llanelli, ond yn Abertawe mae-e'n gweithio weddill
yr wythnos
am weddill y diwrnod
am weddill Awst
4 balance (of accounts)
talu'r gweddill pay the balance
rest = remaing portion of an amount due, portion yet to be paid of a
debt, wages
Bu Wil Pen-y-bryn o ardal Tal-y-bont, Bangor, yn was cyflog ar ffermydd Arfon
yn ystod y tridegau ac yna'n cael ei gyflogi gan y War-Ag drwy flynyddoedd y
rhyfel...Mae ganddo gof byw am yr hen ffeiriau cyflogi... lle byddai'r gweision
yn sefyll ar hyd un ochr y stryd a'r ffermwyr ar hyd yr ochr arall. Rhyw
chweswllt yr wythnos a'ch cadw oedd y cyflog arferol yn y tridegau. Wrth daro
cytundeb, byddai'r ffermwr yn rhoi hanner coron o ernes i'r gwas ond ni châi weddill
ei gyflog nes y byddai'n bentymor Llafar Gwlad 51 Gwanwyn 1996
5 rest = remaining part (of a distance);
gweddill y ffordd
mi gerddaf weddill y ffordd
gweddillion = remnants, remains, residue; what is left after most is
taken away or destroyed gweddillion = leftovers, remains of a meal
(??USA: holdovers) ENG-Z
gweddillion, vestiges, traces, remain,s things from another period, especially
when buried in the ground
mae'n bwysig deall yr arferai'r hen Gymry gymryd enw cyntaf eu tadau yn
gyfenw - gweddillion yr hen system 'ap' o gyfenwi
Llafar Gwlad 30 1991
gweddillion mortal remains
gweddillion marwol mortal remains
Yr wyf yn dymuno i 'ngweddillion gael eu hamlosgi Faner 14 02 92
ac ym mynwent Gibea, Brynaman, y claddwyd ei weddillion ddydd Iau diwethaf
Cymro 15 11 89
Dodwyd gweddillion yr hen filwr i orffwys dan gysgod yr 'ywen ddu
ganghennog'.t98 Y Pentre Gwyn, gan Anthropos (Robert David Rowland 1853?-1944),
Tyn-y-cefn, Corwen; 1923
cael ei wala a'i weddill = cael ei gwala a'i gweddill
be fed up to the back teeth
[[llythyron hysbysebu]] fe gawsoch chithe hefyd eich gwala
a'ch gweddill ohonynt rwy'n si#r Cymro 26 09 90
nid oes wala heb weddill enough means enough and to spare
bod yn weddill gan.. at...
Wedi gorphen y ty log prynais fuwch dda a phâr o ychain tair oed, wedi eu
tori at waith; ac yr oedd genyf ychydig o arian yn weddill at fyw y flwyddyn
gyntaf. Tra yn aros yn yr ystabl daeth "copper head" fawr rhwng y
logiau i lawr at y baban i'r gwely, ond cipiodd y fam ei baban heb dderbyn
niwed. Bu yr ychydig arfau a brynais o werth mawr hefyd i wneud dodrefn goreu y
gallwn. Dechreu Byw Mewn Gwlad Newydd. Gan E. E. Jones, Genesee Depot,
Wisconsin.
Y Teulu, Tachwedd 28 1896
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gweddill < British < Celtic *wod-îl-i
Irish fuílleach (= remains) < fuíll-
:_______________________________.
gweddïo <gwe-DHII-o> [gwɛˡðiˑɔ] (verb)
1 to pray
2 gweddïo gweddi’r Arglwydd say the
Lord’s Prayer
gweddiai weddi’r Arglwydd gyda holl nerth ei henaid She said the Lord’s
Prayer with all the strength of her soul
:_______________________________.
gweddi’r
Arglwydd <gwe-dhir AR-gluidh> [ˡgweˑðɪr
ˡarglʊɪð]
1 the Lord’s Prayer; Matthew 6:9-13
Ein Tad, yr hwn wyt yn y nefoedd, / Sancteiddier dy enw. / Deled dy deyrnas.
/ Gwneler dy ewyllys, / megis yn yr nef, / felly ar y ddaear hefyd. / Dyro i ni
heddiw ein bara beunyddiol. / A maddau i ni ein dyledion, / fel y maddeuwn
ninnau i’n dyledwyr. / Ac nac arwain ni i brofedigaeth; / eithr gwared ni rhag
drwg. / Canys eiddot ti yw’r deyrnas, / a’r nerth, / a’r gogoniant, / yn oes
oesoedd. / Amen
Our Father which art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth as
it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our
trespasses, as we forgive them that trespass against us. And lead us not into
temptation. But deliver us from evil. Amen. (Book of Common Prayer, 1559)
Our father which art in heauen, hallowed be thy name.
Thy kingdome come. Thy will be done, in earth, as it is in heauen.
Giue vs this day our daily bread.
And forgiue vs our debts, as we forgiue our debters.
And lead vs not into temptation, but deliuer vs from euill: For thine is the
kingdome, and the power, and the glory, for euer, Amen. (King James’ Bible,
1611)
Our Father, who art in heaven, Hallowed be thy Name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will
be done, On earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And
forgive us our trespasses, As we forgive those who trespass against us. And
lead us not into temptation, But deliver us from evil. For thine is the
kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever and ever. Amen. (Book of Common
Prayer, 1928)
Ein Tad yn y nefoedd, sancteiddier dy enw;
deled dy deyrnas; gwneler dy ewyllys, ar y ddaear fel yn y nef.
Dyro inni heddiw ein bara beunyddiol,
a maddau inni ein troseddau, fel yr ym ni wedi maddau i’r rhai a droseddodd yn
ein herbyn;
a phaid â’n dwyn i brawf, ond gwared ni rhag yr Un drwg. Oherwydd eiddot ti
yw’r deyrnas a’r gallu a’r gogoniant am byth. Amen. (Beibl Newydd, 1988)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) prayer (of the) Lord”) (gweddi = prayer) + (yr
definite article) + (arglwydd = lord)
:_______________________________.
gweddlun
[ ççgwedhççç -lin]
(;;m;;)
PLURAL ±gweddluniau±±
[ gwedh-çç linççç -ye]
CAT-Y XXXXXX CAT-Z
ENG-Y view ENG-Z
ETYMOLOGY: (ççGWEDD = ) + mutació suau + (çç LLUNççç)
ETYMOLOGY:
NOTA:
NOTE:
:_______________________________.
:_______________________________.
gweddoedd <GWEE-dhoidh,
-odh> [ˡgweˑðɔɪð, -ɔð]
1 See gwedd (= yoke)
:_______________________________.
gweddol <GWEE-dhol> [ˡgweˑðɔl]
(adverb)
1 fairly
gweddol dda fairly good
:_______________________________.
gweddu <GWEE-dhi> [ˡgweˑðɪ] (verb)
1 to suit
2 gweddu i (rywun) to suit
(somebody), to look good on (somebody)
Mae’r siaced ’na’n gweddu i chi That jacket suits you, that jacket looks
good on you
gweddi i’w gilydd suit each other
gweddi i’w gilydd i’r dim suit each other exactly, be a perfect match
:_______________________________.
gweddw, gweddwon <GWEE-dhu,
GWEDH-won> [ˡgweˑðʊ, gwɛðwɔn] (feminine noun)
1 widow
y weddw the widow
:_______________________________.
gwedwst <GWEE-dust> [ˡgweˑdʊst] adjective (South Wales)
1 silent, taciturn
Mae e’n wedwst He doesn’t say a lot, He doesn’t talk much
ETYMOLOGY:
..a/ Apparently the underlying form is *tawedwst (tawed-, from tawedog
= quiet, taciturn) + soft mutation + (gwst = pain); if not, then from a
suffix -ws.
..b/ From *tawedwst was derived dywedwst, through a confusion of
the first element with dywed-, the stem of dweud (= to say).
..c/ In the South gwed- replaced dywed-, since the Southern form
of dweud, dywed- is gweud, gwed-
:_______________________________.
gwe-eiriadur <gwee
ei-ri-YAA-dir> [gweˑ əɪrjɑˑˡdɪr] masculine noun
PLURAL gwe-eiriaduron
1 web dictionary, online dictionary. Not in common use – in fact, not used at all, since it is a somewhat
clumsy word we invented for this particular online dictionary
ETYMOLOGY: (gwe = web, spider’s web, something woven; the worldwide web)
+ soft mutation + (geiriadur = dictionary)
:_______________________________.
gwefan <GWEE-van> [ˡgweˑvan] masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL gwefannau <gwe-VA-ne> [gwɛˡvanaɪ, -ɛ]
1 website
y gwefan / y wefan the website
ETYMOLOGY: (gwe = web, spider’s web, something woven) + soft mutation +
(man = place)
NOTE: man (= place) can be either masculine and feminine, and so too the
compound forms
:_______________________________.
gwefus, gwefusau <GWEE-vis,
gwe-VI-sai, -e> [ˡgweˑvɪs, gwɛˡvɪsaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 lip
y wefus the lip
NOTE: Some Points of Similarity in the Phonology of Welsh and Breton,
T.H. Parry-Williams, 1913
In W[elsh], however, the interchange of f and dd is quite common, especially
in the dial[ect]s…
One example given of the
change dd > f is gwefus (lip) > gweddus
:_______________________________.
gwegil <GWEE-gil> [ˡgweˑgɪl] masculine noun
PLURAL gwegiliau <gwe-GIL-yai,
-e> [gwɛˡgɪljaɪ, -ɛ]
1 nape of the neck
Dododd ei law ar
wegil blewog y ci
He placed his hand on the hairy back of the dog’s neck
cadw’ch llygaid yn eich gwegil to have a blinkered attitude (“to keep
your eyes in the back of your neck”)
2 estyn bys yng
ngwegil (rhywun) point the finger of scorn at (“extend (a) finger in (the)
back-of-the-neck (of) someone”)
3 anadlu i lawr
gwegil rhywun breathe down one’s neck, be close in pursuit
4 back of a single-edged tool
Gwegil y Fwyall name of a Welsh air (“the back of the axe”)
5 gwegil haul
place shaded from the sun (“nape (of) sun”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwegil < *gwagil (with the change a
> e under the influence of the i in the final syllable)
(gwa = a variant of the prefix gwo = under) + soft mutation + (cil
= back part)
:_______________________________.
gwehilion <gwe-HIL-yon> [gwɛˡhɪljɔn] plural noun
1 worthless corn, chaff; dregs,
riff-raff, rubbish
2 gwehilion cymdeithas the
dregs of society, lowlife
gwehiliach scum = worthless people (with the plural suffix -ach
which has denotes contempt and disdain instead of -ion)
ETYMOLOGY:
(gwe-
prefix = under; before a following syllable with ‹i› instead of gwa-, a variant of gwo- = under)
+ (hil = lineage) + (ion plural suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwehydd,
gwehyddion <GWE-hidh, gwe-HƏDH-yon> [ˡgwɛhɪð,
gwɛˡhəðjɔn] (masculine
noun)
1 weaver
See gwëydd
:_______________________________.
gwehyddiad <gwe-HƏDH-yad> [gwɛˡhəðjad] masculine noun
PLURAL gwehyddiadau <gwe-hədh-YAA-dai,
-e> [gwɛhəðˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 weave = method or pattern of weaving
2 gwehyddiad Jacquard
Jacquard weave = a fabric in which the design is incorporated into the weave
instead of being printed or dyed on <zha-KARD> [ʒaˡkard]
3 gwehyddiad esgyrn
pysgodyn herringbone weave
4 gwehyddiad caerog
twill weave
5 gwehyddiad rhesog
ribbed weave
ETYMOLOGY: (gwehydd-, stem of gwehydda = to weave) + (-i-ad
suffix)
:_______________________________.
gweiddi <GWEI-dhi> [ˡgwəɪðɪ] (verb)
1 to shout
2 gwaedd, gwaeddau (feminine noun) a shout, a cry
3 gweiddi “blaidd” <gwei-dhi BLAIDH> [ˡgwəɪðɪ ˡblaɪð] (phrase) cry ‘wolf’ (make out that there is danger or a problem when in fact
there is not in order to attract the attention and sympathy of other people);
demand help unnecessarily
4 gweiddi nerth eich pen <GWEI-dhi nerth əkh PEN> [ˡgwəɪðɪ ˡnɛrθ
əx ˡpɛn]
(phrase) shout as loud as you can
(“shout (the) strength (of) one’s mouth”)
5 (with an exclamation of rejection,
dissatisfaction)
gweiddi wfft i protest against (“shout ‘wfft’ to”)
6 y pair yn gweiddi parddu ar y
pentan (“the cauldron shouting soot to the fireplace”) the pot calling the
kettle black - said of someone who criticises another for something which the
critic is equally guilty of
7 gweiddi ar i rywun wneud
rhywbeth shout to somebody to do something
gwaeddodd ar i’w wraig agor y drws he shouted to his wife to open the
door
:_______________________________.
gweigion <GWEIG-yon> [ˡgwəɪgjɔn]
(plural noun)
1 empty; plural of gwag
:_______________________________.
gweilch <GWEILKH> [ˡgwəɪlx]
(plural noun)
1 falcons, hawks; plural
of gwalch
:_______________________________.
gweilgi <GWEIL-gi> [ˡgwəɪlgɪ] feminine noun
PLURAL gweilgïoedd <gweil-GI-oidh -odh> [gwəɪlˡgiˑoið -ɔð]
1 obsolete wolf
y weilgi the wolf
2 sea, ocean
(probably from the personification of the sea as a wolf at some earlier period)
gwylan y weilgi (Fulmaris glacialis) a name for the fulmar (‘gull (of)
the ocean’);
The standard name however is aderyn drycin y graig (“storm-bird of the
rock’)
3 flood, torrent
In this sense it occurs in the place name Cefnwilgi (= Cefn y weilgi)
(Y Trallwng, Powys) (“hill of the torrent”)
ETYMOLOGY: “wolf dog” Welsh gweilgi [ˡgwəɪlgɪ] , a respelling of gwaelgi [ˡgwəɪlgɪ] (*gwael = wolf) + soft
mutation + (ci = dog);
gwael < British < Celtic *wai-los ‘howler, animal which
howls’ < *wai- (= howl)
From the same Celtic root: Irish faolchú ( = wolf). This is literally
“wolf dog” (faol= wolf) + mutation + (cú = dog)
:_______________________________.
gweili <GWEI-li> [ˡgwəɪlɪ] adjective
1 obsolete empty
2 North-west
Wales (horse) without a load, without a plough or cart, without a rider
3 North-west
Wales (engine of a train) which is travelling light, that is, without
carriages or wagons
injen weili o peiriant gweili engine without carriages or wagons
4 Commerce pwysau
gweili tare weight = weight of a vehicle when empty
5 olwyn weili,
plural olwynion gweili idler, idle wheel, loose wheel
6 troi’n weili
(machine) run idle, maintain motion while disconnected
7 tudalen gweili
flyleaf = blank page at the beginning or end of a book (gweili = empty)
ETYMOLOGY: gweili < gweily < gweilydd < British
< Celtic
From the same Celtic root: Irish fáili (= pleasant, affable)
:_______________________________.
gweini <GWEI-ni> [ˡgwəɪnɪ] (verb)
1 (verb without an object) to serve
gweini wrth y bwrdd serve at table table
2 (verb with an
object) to serve
:_______________________________.
gweiniaid <GWEIN-yaid, -yed> [ˡgwəɪnjaɪd, -jɛd]
1 y gweiniaid the weak
See gwan (= weak)
:_______________________________.
gweiniau <GWEIN-ya, -ye> [ˡgwəɪnjaɪ,
-jɛ]
1 See gwaun (= sheath)
:_______________________________.
gweinidog <gwei-NII-dog> [gwəɪˡniˑdɔg] masculine noun
PLURAL gweinidogion <gwei-ni-DOG-yon> [ˡgwəɪnɪdɔgjɔn]
1 minister = a clergyman in a
Nonconformist Church, a Protestant church other then the English state church
(Anglican) such as the Baptists, Methodists, and Independents (or
Congregationalists)
2 minister = a
person in charge of a government department,
secretary of state;
Gweinidog Addysg Education Minister
Gweinidog Cartref Interior Minister
Gweinidog heb Weinyddiaeth Minister without Portfolio
Gweinidog Iechyd Health Minister
Gweinidog Tramor Foreign Minister
Prif Weinidog Prime Minister
3 obsolete
servant in a country mansion, manservant
gweinidog tŷ servant (in a house)
...Mrs. Harris, yr hon oedd yn cerdded o gwmpas y neuadd yn taflu golwg ar y
gweinidogion yn gwasanaethu y byrddau
t22 Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (=Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910)
Mrs Harris who was walking about the hall observing how the servants were
serving the tables
4 Bible
servant
Malachi 1:6 Mab a anrhydedda ei dad, a gweinidog ei feistr
Malachi 1:6 A son honoureth his father, and a servant his master:
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gweinidog (originally an adjective) (gweinid =
to serve) + (-og = adjectival suffix)
From the same British root: Cornish gwonezeg (= worker), Breton gounideg
(= farmer)
NOTE: colloquial forms are:
gwenidog <gwe-NII-dog> [gwɛˡniˑdɔg]
gwnidog <gu-NII-dog> [gʊˡniˑdɔg]
gwinidog <gwi-NII-dog> [gwɪˡniˑdɔg]
:_______________________________.
gweinio <GWEIN-yo> [ˡgwəɪnjɔ] verb
1 sheathe = place a
knife in a sheathe, a sword in a scabbard, etc
ETYMOLOGY: (gwein- < gwain = sheath) + (-io suffix for
forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gweinion <GWEIN-yon> [ˡgwəɪnjɔn]
1 y gweinion the weak
plural of gwan (= weak)
:_______________________________.
gweinlyfiad <gwein-LəV-yad> [gwəɪnˡləvjad] masculine noun
1 cunnilingus
ETYMOLOGY: (gweinlyf- arrel de gweinlyfu = perform cunnilingus) +
(-llyfu to lick) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
gweinlyfu <gwein-Lə-vi> [gwəɪnˡləvɪ] verb
1 perform cunnilingus
ETYMOLOGY: (gwein- < gwain = sheath, vagina) + soft mutation +
(-llyfu to lick)
:_______________________________.
gweinyddiaeth
[gwəɪˡnəðjaɪθ,
-jɛθ] (f)
1 administration
2 y Weinyddiaeth
Dramor The State Department (USA foreign affairs department)
:_______________________________.
gweirglodd <gweir-glodh> [ˡgwəɪrglɔð]
feminine noun
PLURAL gweirgloddiau <gweir-glodh-yai,
-e> [ˡgwəɪrglɔðjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 hay meadow, hayfield, grassland; field
where grass is grown to provide hay, by cutting and drying for animal fodder
y weirglodd the hay meadow
lladd gweirglodd o wair cut a hay meadow, cut the grass in a hay meadow
2 meadow = field for
pasturing animals
3 Barnwyr 20:33 A
holl ŵyr Israel a gyfodasant o’u llem, ac a fyddinasant yn Baal-tamar: a’r
sawl a oedd o Israel yn cynllwyn, a ddaeth allan o’u mangre, sef o weirgloddiau
Gibea.
Judges 20:33 And all the men of Israel rose up
out of their place, and put themselves in array at Baal-tamar: and the liers in
wait of Israel came forth out of their places, even out of the meadows of Gibeah.
4 brenhines
y weirglodd “(the) queen (of) the meadow”) Filipendula ulmaria meadowsweet
5 variants:
These involve combinations of various features:
..a/ loss of the [g]
..b/ simplifaction of the diphthong ei > e, w, y <EI - E, U, Ə> [əɪ > ɛ, ɔ, ʊ]
..c/ final dd > d <DH - D>
[d > ð]
..d/ final o > a <O - A> [ɔ > a]
(a) (North Wales) gwerglodd <GWER-glodh> [ˡgwɛrglɔd]
(b) (South
Wales) gwerlod <GWER-lod> [ˡgwɛrlɔd]
(c) (South Wales) gwrglod <GUR-glod> [ˡgʊrglɔd]
(d) (South Wales) gwrlod <GUR-lod> [ˡgʊrlɔd]
(e) (South Wales) gwrlodd <GUR-lodh> [ˡgʊrlɔð]
(f) (South Wales) gwyrglodd <GWƏR-glodh> [ˡgwərglɔð]
(g) (South Wales) gwyrlod <GWƏR-lod> [ˡgwərlɔd]
(h) (South Wales) gwyrlad <GWƏR-lad> [ˡgwərlad]
(i) (South Wales) wrglo <UR-glo> [ˡʊrglɔ]
(j) (South Wales - county of Penfro) hwirglo <HWIR-glo> [ˡhwɪrglɔ]
In the Llanofer Collection at Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru / the National
Library of Wales, it is noted in the handwriting of Iolo Morganwg
(pronunciations inserted):
gweirlod [ˡgwəɪrlɔd] Sil. (= Silurian, i.e. south-eastern Welsh) a meadow, plural gweirlodydd [gwəɪrˡloˑdɪð] . In
Monm. (= Monmouthshire) it is pronounced Gwrlod [ˡgʊrlɔd] ,
plural gwrlodydd [gʊrˡloˑdɪð] ... about Celli Gaer (=
Gelli-gaer, county of Caerffili) they say gwerlod [ˡgwɛrlɔd] ,
gwerlodydd [gwɛrˡloˑdɪð]
gwerglodd / werglodd
..............................
gwerlod / werlod
..............................
gworlod / worlod
..............................
gwrglod / wrglod
..............................
gwrlod / wrlod
..............................
gwrglo / wrglo
..............................
gwrlodd / wrlodd
.....(1) Penyrwrlodd SO2239 <pen-ər-UR-lodh> [pɛn ər ˡʊrlɔð]
Farm, south of Y Gelligandryll / Hay-on-Wye, south-west of Llanigon
In his Topographical Dictionary of Wales, 1849, Samuel Lewis, under Llanigon
SO2139 (modern-day Powys), states:
Upon a high bank to the south-east of the church is Penyrwrlodd, now a
farmhouse, originally built in 1651, by William Watkins, an active officer in
the army of the parliament during the reign of Charles I., and one of the
principal agents of the propagators of the Gospel in South Wales
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=215472 map
…..(2) Y Gwrlodde <ə gur-LOO-dhe> [ə ˡgʊrloˑðɛ] masculine noun
1 Farm SO1631, near Pengenffordd, Brycheiniog, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=208278
ETYMOLOGY: gwrlodd, gwrlodde, a southern form of gweirglodd,
gweirgloddau (= hay-meadow, hay-meadows)
….(3) SO1735, Bradwys,
north-west of Talgarth, Brycheiniog, Powys. Field name: Gwrlodd
http://www.powys.gov.uk/uploads/media/B_D_JGW_part__bi.pdf.
Records deposited by J G Williams & P M Beales, Solicitors of Hay-on-Wye
..............................
gwyrglodd
/ wyrglod
..............................
gwyrlod
/ wyrlod
Penwyrlod farm SO2525 in Patrisio / Partrishow,
Brycheiniog, Powys
pen y wyrlod”(the) end (of) the hay-meadow”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/413526
map
..............................
gwyrlad
/ wyrlad
..............................
hwirglo
..............................
...
Place names: (it is frequent in minor place-names with many local variants)
..a/ Penyweirglodd [pɛn ə ˡwəɪrglɔð] (= the end of the
meadow)
.....(2) Penywyrlod [pɛn ə ˡwərlɔd]
.....a/ farm by Rowlstone, Herefordshire, England
.....b/ farm by Yr Hengastell, by the river Mynwy north of Llanfihangel
Crucornau (county of Mynwy)
.....c/ street in the village of Gelli-gaer (county of Caerffili)
..b/ Y Weirglodd Chwarae
Y Hwirlo Hware (= Y Weirglodd Chwarae) (‘the meadow of
playing’)
Common land in San Clêr (county of Caerfyrddin) (year 1838, noted in Geiriadur
Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary, page 1622) .
..c/ Y Weirglodd-ddu
..1/ Y Wyrlod-ddu (y weirglodd ddu = the black meadow)
Farm north of Cefncoedycymer (county of Merthyrtudful) (“The farm is now known
as Danydarren Farm”) (Note on a forum 27-01-2008).
..2/ Y Weirglodd-ddu (“the black hay meadow”) SH8440 farm by Llyn Celyn,
Gwynedd
Y Wyrlod Fawr In Llangatwg Lingoed, Mynwy, in 1669 (“the great hay
meadow”)
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (gwyrlod / gweirglodd = hay
meadow) + soft mutation + (mawr = great, big)
Y Wyrlod Arw In Llangatwg Lingoed, Mynwy, in 1669 (“the rough hay
meadow”)
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (gwyrlod / gweirglodd = hay
meadow) + soft mutation + (garw = rough)
5 February 1669… Charles Morgan of Langattocke Lingoed
Co. Mon. Gent. and Edward Morgan his son and heir apparent to John Bayly of the
City of Oxford Gent.
LEASE FOR A YEAR ... also messuage or mansion house wherein James Prichard did
herefore dwell, and also parcels of land arable pasture and wood called y Worlod Arrow and Maes Lydan situate in the
parish of Langattock, also parcel meadow called y
Worlod Vawre lying in Langattock and also lands called Grossemont Wood.
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~llangattocklingoed/deedswills/hanbury.htmlŵ1518B Hanbury Family Papers
(worlod probably represents an attempt to write wyrlod using
English spelling, rather than a Welsh pronunciation with wor-)
ETYMOLOGY: “grass field” Welsh gweirglodd < gweirglawdd (gweir-
penult form of gwair = grass, hay) + soft mutation + (clawdd =
ditch, hedgebank, field)
Although clawdd is masculine (y clawdd), gweirglodd is a
feminine noun (y weirglodd).
(delwedd 7490)
(Dictionary of the Welsh Language, William Owen(-Pughe), O’r flwyddyn 1797
ymlaen)
Gweirglodd, s. f. pl. gweirgloddiau (gwair-clawdd) A hay-field; a meadow.
Sef yw gweirglwadd, tir difwyniant namyn ei wair, a chlawdd yn ei gylch.
A hay-enclousureis land from which nothing is got except its hay, with
an enclosure round it.
:_______________________________.
gweirglodd-dir <gweir-GLODH-dir> [gwəɪrˡglɔðdɪr] masculine noun
1 meadow,
meadowland
Genesis 41:2 Ac wele, yn esgyn o’r afon, saith o wartheg teg yr olwg, a
thewion o gig; ac mewn gweirglodd-dir y porent
Genesis 41:2 And, behold, there came up out of the river seven well favoured
kine and fatfleshed; and they fed in a meadow.
ETYMOLOGY: (gweirglodd = meadow) + soft mutation + (tir = land)
:_______________________________.
gweirgloddio <gweir-GLODH-yo> [gwəɪrˡglɔðjɔ] verb
1 become meadow
land (In Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary, page 1622,
a reference is made to a note in the Llanofer Collection at Llyfrgell
Genedlaethol Cymru / the National Library of Wales, in the handwriting of Iolo
Morganwg:
gweirlodi, gwrlodi, & gwerlodi to turn to, or become meadow,
or fine grass ground, so they say of land that, (having been for some time in
culture, for corn, &c.) is left to run into grass. When a considerable
quantity of grass appears, or when it, in any meadow ground, begins to be
abundant in spring, they say y mae’r tir, y cae, y waun, y maes, &c. yn
dechrau gwrlodi
ETYMOLOGY: (gweirglodd = meadow) + (-io = suffix for forming
verbs)
NOTE: Also gweirlodi, gwrlodi, gwerlodi, gwyrlodi,
etc
:_______________________________.
gweiriach <GWEIR-yakh> [ˡgwəɪrjax] plural noun
1 wisps of hay
ETYMOLOGY: (gweir- penult form of gwair = grass) + (-i-ach,
diminutive suffix)
NOTE: In South Wales without the initial “i” of the final syllable: gweirach
(in the south -i-ach > -ach)
:_______________________________.
gweirlod <GWEIR-lod> [ˡgwəɪrlɔd] (f)
1 (South Wales) soft-mutated form of gweirlod, a
variant form of gweirglodd (qv) (= hay meadow)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/451645
There is a farm SO3133 south-west of Llanfihangel / Michaelchurch Escley marked
on Briant’s map circa the year 1835 as Gweirlod-y-van (= Gweirlod-y-fan)
http://ewyaslacy.org.uk/doc.php?d=rs_ewy_0019&s=blackhill&datesearch1=&datesearch2=&datesearch3=&p=1&n=4&c=39&i=10
:_______________________________.
gweision <GWEIS-yon> [ˡgwəɪsjɔn]
1 plural of gwas (= servant)
:_______________________________.
gweithdy,
gweithdai <GWEITH-di, GWEITH-dai> [ˡgwəɪθdɪ,
ˡgwəɪθdaɪ] (masculine
noun)
1 workshop
:_______________________________.
gweithfa <GWEITH-va> [ˡgwɛɪθva]
PLURAL gweithféydd <gweith-VEIDH> [gwɛɪˡθvəɪð]
1 factory, works
ETYMOLOGY: (gweith-,
penult syllable form of gwaith = work) + (-fa suffix = place)
:_______________________________.
gweithféydd <gweith-VEIDH> [gwɛɪθˡvəɪð]
1 plural of gweithfa
:_______________________________.
gweithgar <GWEITH-gar> [ˡgwəɪθgar] (adjective)
1 hard-working, diligent,
industrious
ETYMOLOGY: (gweith-, penult syllable form of gwaith = work) + (-gar
adjectival suffix = fond of < caru = to love, like)
:_______________________________.
gweithgaredd PLURAL gweithgareddau <gweith-GAA-redh, gweith-ga-REE-dhai, -dhe> [gwəɪθˡgɑˑrɛð,
gwəɪθgaˡreˑðaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 activity
ETYMOLOGY: (gweithgar = active) + (-edd noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gweithgarwch <gweith-GAArukh> [gwəɪθˡgɑˑrʊx] (masculine noun)
1 diligence
ETYMOLOGY: (gweithgar = active) + (-wch noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gweithgor <GWEITH-gor> [ˡgwəɪθgɔr] masculine noun
PLURAL gweithgorau <gweith-GOO-rai,
-e> [ˡgwəɪθgoˑraɪ,
-ɛ]
1 working party = committee set up to
investigate some matter
ETYMOLOGY: (gweith-, penult syllable form of gwaith = work) +
soft mutation + (cor < cordd = group )
:_______________________________.
gweithio <GWEITH-yo> [ˡgwəɪθjɔ] (verb)
1 work = exert effort in order to do
some act or to make something
gweithio bob yn ail â pheidio work by fits and starts (“work alternately
with stopping”)
2 gweithio’ch
bysedd at yr asgwrn work your fingers to the bone
3 gweithio
dramor work abroad
4 bod ar eich goreu yn gweithio
be busy at work, be working away busily, be hard at it working
Pan oedd pawb ar eu gorau yn gweithio, dyma fe’n sleifio i’r tafarn When
everybody was hard at it working he slipped off to the pub
:_______________________________.
gweithiwr,
gweithwyr <GWEITH-yur, GWEITH-wir> [ˡgwəɪθjʊr, ˡgwəɪθwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 worker
:_______________________________.
gweithlu,
gweithluoedd <GWEITH-li, gweith-LI-odh> [ˡgwəɪθlɪ, gwəɪθˡliˑɔɪð
-ɔð] (masculine noun)
1 workforce
ETYMOLOGY: (gweith- < gweithio = to work) + soft mutation + (llu
= group of people)
:_______________________________.
gweithred,
gweithredoedd [ˡgwəɪθrɛd, gwəɪθˡreˑdɔɪð
-ɔð] (masculine noun)
1 action, deed
2 ar air neu ar
weithred in word or deed,
by word or by deed
Colosiaid 3:17 A pha beth bynnag a wneloch, ar air neu ar weithred, gwnewch
bob peth yn enw’r Arglwydd Iesu, gan ddiolch i Dduw a’r Tad trwyddo ef.
Colossians 3:17 And
whatsoever ye do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving
thanks to God and the Father by him.
ETYMOLOGY: (gweith-
< gweithio = to work) + soft mutation + (rhed = running < rhedeg
= to run)
:_______________________________.
gweithrediad,
gweithrediadau <gweith-RED-yad, gweith-red-YAA-dai, -e> [gwəɪθˡrɛdjad, gwəɪθrɛdˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 action
ETYMOLOGY: (gweithed
= action,deed) + (-i-ad = noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
gweithredu
<gweith-REE-di> [gwəɪθˡreˑdɪ] (verb)
1 to act = do something; make
something work
2 gweithredu’r
gyfraith apply the law, enforce the law
ETYMOLOGY: (gweithed
= action,deed) + (-u = verbal suffix)
:_______________________________.
gweithredwr
<gweith-REE-dur> [gwəɪθˡreˑdʊr]
1 operator
2 cudd-weithredwr
secret agent
ETYMOLOGY: (gweithed
= action,deed) + (-wr = noun suffix indicating an agent; < gw^r
= man)
:_______________________________.
gweithreg feminine noun
1 See: gweithwraig
:_______________________________.
gweithwraig <GWEITH-reg, GWEITH-raig> [ˡgwəɪθraɪg, ˡgwəɪθrɛg] feminine noun
PLURAL gweithwragedd <gweith-RAA-gedh> [gwəɪθˡrɑˑgɛð]
1 worker (woman), woman worker,
female worker
Maent yn honni bod perchnogion cartref henoed yn Llangedwyn wedi gwahardd
staff a phreswylwyr rhag siarad Cymraeg â’i gilydd a bod un weithwraig wedi
gadael oherwydd hynny
They claim that the owners of an old people’s home in Llangedwyn have banned
staff and residents from speaking Welsh to each other and a woman worker has
left because of this
ETYMOLOGY: (gweith- < gweithio = to work) + soft mutation + (gwraig
= woman)
NOTE: also gweithreg. See -reg
:_______________________________.
gwêl <GWEEL> [gweːl] masculine noun
1 (names of houses,
streets) view
Gwêleryri view of Eryri (street in Llandegfan, Môn)
Gwêlfenai view of the Menai Strait
Gwêl-rheidol view of the river Rheidol
Gwêlycreuddyn view of the Creuddyn (Creuddyn is the name of a hill)
Gwêl-y-don sea view
Gwêlymynydd mountain view; view of the highland
Gwêl-y-nant stream view
Gwêlyrwyddfa view of Yr Wyddfa, Snowdon View
Gwêlystwyth view of the river Ystwyth
In some names used as a quasi-prefix, causing soft mutation where applicable.
There is no definite artcle:
Gwelafon river view
Gwelfor sea view
Gwelfryn hill view
2 tegwel (teg
= fair) + soft mutation + (gwêl view, appearance, aspect)
..a/ Tegwel woman’s name (‘fair aspect’)
..b/ Tegwel house name, ‘Fair Prospect’, ‘Belvedere’
..c/ Botegwel (house name) ‘house (of the) fair prospect’ (= Bod
Degwel < (bod = house) + soft mutation + (tegwel fair
appearance, fair view). The combination d-d, where the second d
is a soft mutation of t, generally becomes t)
ETYMOLOGY: gwêl = stem of gweld / gweled (= to see). As a noun
meaning ‘view’, this is a coining by Iolo Morgannwg (1747-1826). The first
instance of it is c. 1780
:_______________________________.
gwêl <GWEEL> [gweːl]
1 he / she / it
sees
Third-person singular present-future form of gweld (= to see)
Gwyn y gwêl y frân
ei chyw
“(it is) white that the crow
sees her chick”
Mothers can never believe that their offspring may be less than honourable and
angelic; a mother believes her child can do no wrong
ETYMOLOGY: stem of gweled / gweld (= to see), which serves as the
third-person singular present-future form in literary Welsh
NOTE: The colloquial forms are gweliff (= he-she-it will see)
(south), gwelith (north)
:_______________________________.
Gwelafon <gweel-AA-von> [gweˑlˡɑˑvɔn]
1 river view
Name of a street in Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + (afon = river)
:_______________________________.
gweld (verb)
1 to see
2 bod wedi gweld
eich dyddiau gwell to have seen better days (“to have seen your better
days”)
3 gweld y rhagor
rhwng da a drwg
differenciate between good and bad (“see the difference between good and bad”)
4 os gwelwch yn
dda <os-GWEE-lukh-ən-DHAA> [ɔs ˡgweˑlʊx ən ˡðɑː]
(phrase) please (“if you see well”)
5 am y gwelwch
chi as far as the eye can see
6 Galwa i
’ngweld i Come and seen me, Call by
7 gweld beiau
pawb ond rhai ei hunan find fault with everybody except oneself (“see the
faults of everbody but (yhe) ones (of) himself”)
8 methu gweld y
coed gan brennau not see the wood for the trees
9 gweld sut y mae pethau see
how things are / see how things stand, see how the land lies
10 gweld pa ffordd y mae’r gwynt yn
chwythu see how things are / see how things stand, see how the land lies
11 (North Wales) gweld eich gwyn
(ar rywbeth) = take a fancy to (something) (gwyn = white) (with the
influence of gŵyn (= desire)) (Sefyllfa: Mae’r gof ar fin dychwelyd
i’w efail) “Well ‘i mi roi’r troed gora mlaen’” ebe Huw, ‘swybod ar y ddaear
na fydd o wedi gweld i wyn ar rwbath os bydd o acw o mlaen i. Mae o’n meddwl
fod pawb yn lladron, a lleidar weiddith lleidar gynta wyddoch
Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (= Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910)
(Situation: The smith is about to go back to his smithy) “I’d better put my
best foot forward,” said Huw. There’s no knowing whether he’ll take a fancy to
something if he’s down there before me. He thinks that everybody is a thief,
but a thief is always the first to accuse others of thieving (“a thief shouts
thief first”)
12 gweld golau dydd gyntaf first
see the light of day (= be born)
13 gweld blew eich llygad be seeing
things, imagine having seen something (“see the lashes of your eye”)
14 gweld ychydig iawn ar rywun
see very little of somebody
15 byw yn ddigon hen i weld
(rhywbeth) live to see (something), live long enough to see (something)
Yr oedd Lewis Lewis yn byw yn y ffermdy yn ymyl y capel presennol, ond nis
gwyddom iddo fyw yn ddigon hen i’w weled
Lewis Lewis lived in the farmhouse next to the present chapel but we don’t know
if he lived long enough to see it
16 mi ga i weld (non-commital
answer) I shall see, possibly
siaradi di efo fo? mi ga i weld -will you talk to him? -I shall see
17 wel’ di see?, you see (<
weli di)
ETYMOLOGY: gweld / gwel’d, a syncopated form of gweled
:_______________________________.
gweld bai ar <gweld BAI ar> [gwɛld
ˡbaɪ ar]
1 consider
someone to be at fault, think it the fault of, believe the culprit to be, find
fault with
y diafol yn gweld bai ar bechod Satan rebuking sin, the devil denouncing
evil (“the devil seeing defect on sin”), someone doing something completely out
of character
gweld bai arno ei hun blame herself (“see blame on herself”)
Wela i ddim pwt o fai arno I don’t blame him one bit (“I don’t see a
least-bit of blame on him”)
gweld bai ar bopeth find fault with everything (“see fault on
everything”)
ETYMOLOGY: (gweld = to see) + (bai = defect, fault, blame) + (ar
= on)
:_______________________________.
gweld eich
dyddiau gwell <gweld əkh DƏDH-yai,
-ye, GWELH> [ˡgwɛld əx ˡdəðjaɪ,
-jɛ, gwɛɬ]
1 bod wedi gweld eich dyddiau
gwell to have seen better days (“to have seen your better days”) = to be in
poor condition now compared in the past
Mae dy got law di wedi gweld eu dyddiau gwell - beth am brynu un newydd? Your
raincoat has seen better days - what about buying a new one?
ETYMOLOGY: (gweld = to see) + (eich your) + (dyddiau
days, plural of dydd = day) + (gwell = better)
:_______________________________.
gweld
oedran teg
<gweld OID-ran TEEG> [gwɛld ˡoɪdran ˡteːg]
1 live to a ripe
old age (“see a fair age”)
Fe welodd oedran teg
He had a long life, He lived to a ripe old age (“he saw a fair age”)
ETYMOLOGY: (gweld = see) + (oedran = age) + (teg = fair)
:_______________________________.
gweled
1 an older form
of the verb gweld (= to see)
Derivative words on based on this original form:
gweledol visual
:_______________________________.
gweledfa
1 scene, sight,
view, panorama
In Deiniolen, Gwynedd, there is a row of houses called Tai Gweledfa SH5763
“(the) houses (called) Gweledfa”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/808516
Tai Gweledfa
ETYMOLOGY: First known example is in 1833. (gweled = seeing) + (-fa suffix
= place)
:_______________________________.
Gwêleryri <gweel-e-RƏ-ri> [gweːlɛˡrərɪ]
1 “view of Snowdonia”
street in Llandegfan, Môn
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + (Eryri name of a mountainous district
in Gwynedd, ‘Snowdonia’)
:_______________________________.
Gwelfenai <gwel-VEE-nai> [gwɛlˡveˑnaɪ]
1 “view of the Menai Strait”
Street name in Niwbwrch, county of Môn
ETYMOLOGY: Gwêl Fenai (gwêl = view) + soft mutation + (Menai
= name of a strait separating the island of Môn / Anglesey from the Welsh
mainland)
:_______________________________.
Gwelfor <GWEL-vor> [ˡgwɛlvor]
1 sea view (house name and street
name)
Street name in:
..a/ Rhosgadfan (county of Gwynedd)
..b/ Cefncribwr (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
..c/ Dynfant (county of Abertawe)
..d/ Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
..e/ Y Tywyn-bach (county of Caerfyrddin)
..f/ Aber-gwaun (county of Penfro)
..g/ Caergybi (county of Môn) (“Gwelfor Avenue”)
..h/ Aberdyfi (county of Gwynedd) (“Gwelfor Terrace”)
..i/ Ystâd Gwelfor Cemais (county of Môn) (name of a housing estate)
ETYMOLOGY: “view (of) sea” (gwêl = view) + soft mutation + (môr =
sea) > gwêl-fôr > gwélfor
:_______________________________.
Gwelfryn <GWEL-vrin> [ˡgwɛlvrɪn]
1 hill view (house name and street
name)
Street name in:
..a/ Prestatyn (county of Y Fflint)
..b/ Mochdre, Baecolwyn (county of Conwy)
..c/ Llanymynech (county of Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill)
:_______________________________.
gwell <GWELH> [gwɛɬ] (adjective)
1 better
2 Daw pethau’n
well Things will get better, Things will work out (“things will come
better”)
3 Mae e’n well
na’r sôn amdano Hes’s not as black as he’s painted, he’s not as bad as
people make him out to be (“he’s better than the talking about him”)
4 faint gwell how
much better off (pa) faint = (what) quantity) + (gwell = better)
Tawn i’n neud hynny, faint gwell fyddwn i wedyn? If I were to do that,
how much better off would I be afterwards?
5 cyfarch gwell
i to greet
cyfarch gwell i’w gilydd to greet each other
6 yn niffyg dim
gwell for want of anything better
7 newid er gwell a change for
the better
newid er gwell to change for the better
8 Gwell hwyr na hwyrach Better
late than never (“Better late than (even) later”)
:_______________________________.
gwella <GWE-lha> [ˡgwɛɬa] (verb)
1 to improve
2 bod cryn le i
wella ar (rywbeth) leave a lot to be desired (“to be a considerable place
to improve on something”)
:_______________________________.
gwelliant,
gwelliannau <GWELH-yant, gwelh-YA-nai, -ne> [ˡgwɛɬjant, gwɛɬˡjanaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 improvement
:_______________________________.
Gwell nag
athro yw arfer <GWELH-naag-A-thro-iu-AR-ver> [ˡgwɛɬ nɑːg
aθroˑːɔɪʊ arvɛr]
1 Practice makes perfect
ETYMOLOGY: (“(it-is) better than a-teacher that-is practice”) (gwell =
better) + (nag = than) + (athro = teacher) + (yw =
that-is) + (arfer = practice)
:_______________________________.
gwellt <GWELHT> [gwɛɬt] mass noun
1 straw. See gwelltyn
:_______________________________.
gwelltach <GWELH-takh> [ˡgwɛɬtax] verb
1 remnants of
straw, useless bits of straw
ETYMOLOGY: (gwallt = straw) + (-ach, diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwelltyn <GWELH-tin> [ˡgwɛɬtɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL gwellt, gwelltydd, gwelltau
1 blade of grass
gwellt = grass
also: glaswellt grass (glas = green) + soft mutation + (gwellt
= grass)
2 piece of straw,
single straw
gwellt straw
gwellt ceirch oat straw
3 drinking straw
4 grass as food for
cattle
Eseia 11:7 Y fuwch hefyd a’r arth a borant ynghyd; eu llydnod a
gydorweddant; y llew, fel yr ych, a bawr wellt
Isaiah 11:7 And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie
down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox.
5 adjective
straw, made of straw
het wellt straw hat
6 straw for packing
goods in boxes
7 straw for
thatching;
to gwellt thatched roof
ty to gwellt thatched cottage
Yr oedd yno hen dafarn wedi ei doi â gwellt
There was an old tavern there thatched with straw
8 straw for weaving
hats, baskets
cadair wellt straw-bottomed chair
het wellt straw hat
9 mae pob cnawd
yn wellt all flesh is grass (grass as a symbol of short existence, from the
verse in Isaiah)
Eseia 40:6 Y llef a ddywedodd, Gwaeda. Yntau a ddywedodd, Beth a
waeddaf? Pob cnawd sydd wellt, â’i holl odidowgrwydd fel blodeuyn y maes
(40:7) Gwywa y gwelltyn, syrth y blodeuyn; canys ysbryd yr Arglwydd a
chwythodd arno; gwellt yn ddiau yw y bobl (40:8) Gwywa y gwelltyn, syrth
y blodeuyn; ond gair ein Duw ni a saif byth
Isaiah 40:6 The voice said, Cry. And he said, What shall I cry? All
flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field:
(40:7) The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: because the spirit of the LORD
bloweth upon it: surely the people is grass. (40:8) The grass withereth, the
flower fadeth: but the word of our God shall stand for ever.
10 gwellt gwely
straw used as bedding, used as stuffing for a mattress
matres wellt plural matresi gwellt straw mattress
bwyta gwellt eich gwely be on the breadline, be on the point of starvation,
not have enough to live on “eat the straw of your bed”
cyn feined â phetaech yn bwyta gwellt eich gwely (said of someone very
thin) “as thin as if you were eating the straw of your bed”
11 cydio mewn
gwelltyn clutch at straws, grasp at straws, do something unconvincing or
ineffective out of desperation (“get hold of a straw”)
Also: bachu mewn gwelltyn (“get hold of a straw”)
12 mynd i’r
gwellt = (business) fail, go bankrupt
13 blodyn gwellt
Helichrysum bracteatum straw flower
14 dyn gwellt
man of straw, man of little substance
15 craswellt
dry grass (cras = dry) + soft mutation + (gwellt = grass)
16 gwneuthur
priddfeini heb wellt make bricks without straw (said of an attempt to make
or do something without the necessary materials) (from the Pharaoh’s command
concerning the Israelites)
Exodus 5:7 Na roddwch mwyach wellt i’r bobl i wneuthur priddfeini,
megis o’r blaen; elont a chasglant wellt iddynt eu hunain
Exodus 5:7 Ye shall no more give the people straw to make brick, as
heretofore; let them go and gather straw for themselves
17 tomwellt
(literally “dung grass”) mulch, decomposing vegetable matter and dung placed
over earth to reduce evaporation and wind erosion (tom = shit, dung) +
soft mutation + (gwellt = straw, grass)
18 crafangu am
wellt clutch at straws (“claw for straws”), out of desperation, seek a
solution to a problem, although the proposed solution is unlikely to be successful
(crafangu = to claw) + (am = around; for) + soft mutation + (gwellt
= straw)
19 gweunwellt meadowgrass,
a literal translation of English meadowgrass (gweun- < gwaun
= meadow) + soft mutation + (gwellt = grass)
gweunwellt oddfog (Poa bulbosa) bulbous meadowgrass
20 crinwellt withered grass,
parched grass (crin = withered, shrivelled) + soft mutation + (gwellt
= grass)
21 Hwnnw oedd y gwelltyn olaf ar
gefn y camel this was the straw that broke the camel’s back, this was the
last straw (“this was the last straw on the back of the camel”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwellt < *gellt < British < Celtic. The
initial combination gw is possibly the result of the influence of the
word gwair = grass, hay
From the same British root: Cornish gwels, Breton geot (and gwelt
on the island of Eusa (Breton: Enez Eusa; French:
Ouessant)
From the same Celtic root: Irish geilt (= grazing)
:_______________________________.
Gwêl-rheidol
1 Street name in
Penparcau, Aberystwyth (county of Ceredigion)
ETYMOLOGY: (“view (of the river) Rheidol”) (gwêl = view) + ( Rheidol =
river name )
:_______________________________.
gwely,
gwelyau <GWEE-li, gwe-LII-ai, -e> [ˡgweˑlɪ,
gwɛˡliˑaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine
noun)
North Wales: plural = gwelâu
<gwe-LAI> [gwɛˡlaɪ]
1. a piece of furniture (for sleeping,
resting, recovering from an illness, or awaiting death)
TYPES OF BED
gwely angau deathbed = bed in which a person is on the point of death,
or one i which a person died
…cyffes wely angau deathbed confession
gwely claf sick bed
gwely codi folding bed, press bed
gwely crog hammock
gwely cystudd sickbed
gwely difán divan bed
gwely dwbl double bed
gwely gefell twin bed = one of two beds which form a pair
gwely glabsant makeshift bed, improvised bed < gwely
gwylmabsant (“bed (of) (a) parish wake”)
gwely haul sunbed = bed on which a person lies to receive ultraviolet
light from a sunlamp in order to gain an artificial tan <gwe-li-HAIL> [ˡgweˑlɪ
ˡhaɪl]
gwely olwynog bed on wheels
gwely pedwar postyn four-poster bed
gwely plyg folding bed
gwely priodasol marriage bed, matrimonial bed
gwely rhebel, gwely rebel (South Wales) mattress on floor,
makeshift bed (“bed (of) (a) rebel”)
gwely sengl single bed
gwely soffa sofa bed = a sofa which can be folded out to form a bed
PARTS OF THE BED:
erchwyn y gwely the side of the bed
pen gwely bedhead
post gwely bedpost
traed y gwely the foot of the bed (“the feet of…”)
troed y gwely the foot of the bed (“the foot of…”)
orwedd ar y gwely to lie
on the bed
codi’r ochr chwith i’r gwely to get up on the wrong side of the bed
codi’r ochr groes i’r gwely to get up on the wrong side of the bed
cadw’r gwely be ill in bed, be confined to bed,
be in bed, stay in bed
aros yn y gwely stay in bed
llechu yn y gwely lie in bed (“lurk in the bed”)
marw yn eich gwely to die in one’s bed
ystafell wely bedroom
padell wely bedpan
2. bed = bedstead + mattress +
bedclothes, the bed prepared for a person to sleep in
taenu’r gwely make the bed
cyweirio gwely make the bed
gwneud y gwely make the bed
gwlychu’r gwely wet the bed
gwneud gwely hast make a hasty bed
dillad gwely bedclothes <DI-lhad-GWEE-li> [ˡdɪɬad ˡgweˑlɪ]
gwely llaith damp
bed
3. mattress
gwely peiswn chaff bed
gwellt gwely (“straw (of) bed”) straw used as bedding, used as stuffing
for a mattress
gwely gwellt (“bed (of) straw”) straw bed
bwyta gwellt eich gwely be on the breadline, be on the point of
starvation, not have enough to live on (“eat the straw of your bed”)
cyn feined â phetaech yn bwyta gwellt eich gwely (said of someone very
thin) “as thin as if you were eating the straw of your bed”
gwely plu 1 feather bed = mattress stuffed with feathers 2 feather bed =
symbol of luxury, pampered state
gwely plu gwyddau goose-feather bed = mattress stuffed with goose
feathers
4. the bedstead on which the mattress
rests
hen wely an old bedstead
ffrâm wely plural fframiau gwelyau bedframe
gwely haearn iron bedstead
gwely pren wooden bedstead
5. bed = a place to sleep
bôn y clawdd oedd ei wely y noson honno
the base of the hedgebank was his bed that night
6. the act of sleeping
amser gwely bedtime
mynd i’r gwely go to bed
troi i’r gwely go to bed
gwely a gwaith oedd hi pryd hynny it was bed and work in those days, it
was straight from bed to work, and from work to bed in those days, work and
sleep was all that people did (said of the hard life in the industrial areas)
7. bed as a place for sexual relations
Dwy ddim yn credu ‘u bod nhw’n cael llawer o flas gyda’i gilydd yn y gwely
I don’t think they get much fun together in bed
cymar gwely bedfellow
8. lodging, a bed used for a night
gwely a brecwast bed and breakfast = accommodation provided (often in an ordinary
house) for the night with breakfast the following morning
9. animal’s sleeping place
Dylid
paratói gwely i’r ci wedi ei wneud o bapur wedi’i rwygo, hen flancedi neu wellt
os yn bosib
A bed should be
prepared for the dog made of torn-up paper, old blankets or straw if it is
possible
10. piece of ground in a garden where
plants are cultivated
gwely wynwyn onion bed
gwely wynwns onion bed
Mae’n bwysig cadw’r gwely yn llaith ar ôl i’r had egino It’s
important to keep the bed moist after the seeds sprout
gwely mefus strawberry bed
gwely tail hotbed (“bed (of) dung”)
gwely brwd hotbed (“bed + hot”)
gwely blodau flower bed <GWE-li-BLO-de> [ˡgweˑlɪ ˡbloˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
gwely shibols spring-onion bed
11. bed = place for breeding shellfish
(oysters, mussels, cockles)
gwely wystrys oyster bed
gwely cocos cockle bed
gwely misgl mussel bed
Gwely’r Misgl [gweˑlɪr mɪskɪl] An island 5km NW of Porth-cawl. (This is the
standard form. One would expect the local pronunciation to be Gwely’r Mishgil [gweˑlɪr mɪʃkɪl] )
12. bed = place where a stone, boulder
lies
Tynnwyd y maen hir o’i wely gan anfadwyr un noson, ac fe’i
drylliwyd yn dri darn
The standing stone was pulled out of its bed by vandals one night, and it
was broken into three pieces
13. base of a stack (of hay, etc)
gadael i’r das wair gymryd ei gwely leave the haystack to settle (“take
its bed”)
14.. the bottom of a lake, river,
canal, sea,
gwely’r don (literary) the bottom of the sea, the sea bed
gwely afon a river bed = channel in which a river flows
gwely’r afon the river bed
gwely’r môr seabed
15.. a layer of rock; a stratum,
deposit
gwely o wenithfaen bed of granite, granite bed
gwely o siâl shale bed
gwely o glai clay bed
y gwely llechfaen th slate bed
gwely o lo coal bed
y gwelyau halen yn Swydd Gaer the salt beds in Cheshire
welyau o gregyn beds of (fossilised) shellfish
y Gwely Coch Lower Cambrian Bed (“red bed”)
y Gwely Glas Middle Cambrian Bed (“blue bed”)
y Gwely Gwyrddlas Upper Cambrian Bed (“bluish-green bed”)
creigwely bedrock (“rock-bed”)
gwely gwrthban seam in carboniferous limstone rock
16..earth or rock foundation for a road
or railway, or a gravel bed for the roadway.
gwely (railway) roadbed. trackbed = foundation for the railway tracks
wrth wneud llwybre cerrig, mae angen hefyd tywod i wneud gwely i’r cerrig
when making a stone path, sand is also needed to make a bed for the stones
17. bed = (printing press) flat surface
of a press on which the type is laid
rhoi’r papur yn ’i wely put the paper to bed, prepare the newspaper for
printing
18. (obsolete) land of a family or
tribe,
bed < resting place < permanent settlement < clan
19. (obsolete) family, clan, group of
related people
gwelygordd kindred, lineage
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwely < britànic *wo-leg-
*wo-lég- > Welsh *gwó-legh > *gwé-legh > gwel’gh > gwel’y
North Wales plural is gwlâu / gwelâu < gweláu < gwelýau
See t23 Some points of similarity in the phonology of Welsh and Breton;
T H Parry-Williams; 1913; Paris
Cornish gweli (= bed), Breton gwele (= bed)
Cf gwâl (= lair), lle (= place), tyle (= hill)
(delwedd 7367)
creigwely, creigwelyau (m)
bedrock, underlying
rock
”rock bed”, “a bed made of rock” (creig- < craig = rock) + soft mutation + (gwely =
bed)
:_______________________________.
Gwêlycreuddyn
<gweel-ə-KREI-dhin> [ˡgw eˑl ə krəɪðɪn]
1 view of the
Creuddyn (hill name)
Street name in Llanbedr Pont Steffan (county of Ceredigion)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + (y Creuddyn “the fort”, name of a
hill)
:_______________________________.
Gwêl-y-don <gweel
ə DON> [gweːl ə ˡdɔn]
1 sea view, view of the sea
Ystâd Gwêl-y-don Name of a housing estate in Pentraeth (county of Môn)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + (y definite article) + soft mutation +
(ton = wave; sea)
:_______________________________.
gwelyfod
1 childbed =
confinement before giving birth, lying in bed until a child is born
In South-east Wales as gwylyfodmynd trwy ei gwelyfod be confined
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh <
British
Cornish gwolovoz, Breton gwilioud
:_______________________________
gwelyfwr (m) bedfellow
In South-east Wales as gwylyfwr
ETYMOLOGY: gwylyfwr < gwylyfwr < gwylywr < gwelywr
:_______________________________.
Gwêlymynydd <gweel ə MƏ-nidh> [gweːl
ə ˡmənɪð]
1 view of the mountain / hill /
highland Street name in
..1/ Llanberis (county of Conwy)
..2/ Caergybi (county of Môn)
..3/ Bwcle (county of Y Fflint)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + (y definite article) + (mynydd
= hill, mountain, highland pasture)
:_______________________________.
Gwêl-y-nant
<gweel-ə-NANT> [gweːl ə ˡnant]
1 name of a
street in Bethesda (in the county of Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: (“view (of) (the) valley, view (of) (the) stream”)
(gwêl = view) + (y definite article) + (nant = valley,
stream)
:_______________________________.
gwelyo
1 embed = fix in a
surrounding mass
:_______________________________.
Gwêlyrwyddfa <GWEEL ər UIDH-va> [gweːl
ər ˡʊɪðva]
1 View of Yr Wyddfa,
Snowdon View
Street name in Porthaethwy (county of Môn)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + (yr Wyddfa mountain name, “the grave”,
Snowdon)
:_______________________________.
Gwêlystwyth <gweel-Ə-stuith> [gweːl ˡəstʊɪθ]
1 view of the river Ystwyth
Street name in Llanafan (county of Ceredigion)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêl = view) + ( Ystwyth = sinuous, winding)
:_______________________________.
gwelywr See gwelyfwr
:_______________________________.
gwen <GWEN> [gwɛn] adjective
1 feminine form of gwyn (=
white; brilliant, beautiful, pure, sacred)
Afon-wen (place name) white river
y ddafad wen the white sheep
2a As a first element in compound words with a feminine main elementGwenabwy (female name)
Gwenddolengwenffrwd white torrent
Gwenfron (woman’s name, = fair breast), < (bron = breast) Cf Bronwen
(woman’s name, = fair breast), < (bron = breast)
Gwengad (cad = battle) (Old Welsh male name)
gwengraig (= white rock), < craig = rock, cliff) (2) Adjective
(in the form wen, having soft mutation after a feminine noun)gweniaith
(= flattery), < iaith (= language)
Gwenlliain woman’s name (white / fair + linen cloth)
gwenwlad fair place, paradise
2b As a soft-mutated final
element –wen in compound words with a feminine main element
heulwen sunshine (heul-, tonic syllable form of haul) +
soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white, shining).
In modern Welsh haul is a masculine noun, but in older Welsh it was
feminine
2c As a final element–wen
in compound words with a masculine main element
In forming female forenames; here the suffix serves rather as an indicator of a
female name as well as suggesting “fair, beautiful, white, pure, etc”)
Blodwen “fair flower” (blod-, first
syllable of blodeuyn or blodyn (m) a flower)
See the entry –wen on page W
3 First element in place names or forenames based on a masculine noun
(the original vowel y has inexplicably opened out into e)
Gwenddolau (500s, chieftain in territories in present-day Cumbria and
Scotland)
Gwenddwr (village in Powys) (dŵr = water, stream
Gwendraeth (river in county of Caerfyrddin) (traeth = seaside beach,
river beach, sand flats)
Gwenlyn male forename (possibly gwyn + glyn = valley; or gwyn + llyn =
lake)
Gwenwynwyn (died 1216), a ruler of the southern portion of old Powys, based
in Y Trallwng (Welshpool),
4 First element in male given names in the modern period where a place
name has been reversed
An example is the bardic name Gwenallt David James Jones 1899-1968, from
name of his native place Yr Allt-wen (fair wood) with elements reversed
5 With the form soft-mutated form wen as a second element in compound
words after a feminine main element
:_______________________________.
Gwen <GWEN> [gwɛn] (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name -it is the first
element of names in Gwen- used on its own (Gwenddolen, Gwenlliain, etc)
:_______________________________.
gwên, gwênau <GWEEN,
GWEE-nai -ne> [gweːn, ˡgweˑnaɪ / ˡgweˑnɛ] (feminine noun)
1 smile
y wên the smile
2 yn wên o glust i glust <ən-WEEN-o-GLIST-i-GLIST> [ən ˡweˑn ɔ ˡglɪst
ɪ ˡglɪst]
(phrase) with a broad smileDaeth atynt yn wên o glust bwy gilydd He came up to them with a smile from one ear
to the other
gwên o glust bwy gilydd a smile from one ear to the other,a smile from
ear to ear
3 gwenu to smile
:_______________________________.
gwenci <GWENG-ki> [ˡgwɛŋkɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL gwencïod <gweng-KII-od> [ˡgwɛŋkiˑɔd]
NOTE: In South Wales,
there are the following variants: wenci, weinci, winci
1 weasel = animal with reddish-brown
fur, elongated body and neck, short legs: especially Mustela nivalis =
European weasel
2 fierce little person
3 (South Wales) busy person
4 mor wancus â winci “as greedy as a weasel”
5 mor chwim â winci “as nimble
/ rapid as a weasel”
ETYMOLOGY: gwenci < *gwenc-gi (“greed-dog”, greedy dog) (gwanc
= greed) + soft mutation + (ci = dog)
Welsh gwanc <
British < Celtic *wo-ank- (*ank- = bend)
See:crafanc (= claw)
:_______________________________.
gwencyn <GWE-ngkin> [ˡgwɛŋkɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL gwangod <gwang-god> [ˡgwaŋgɔd]
1 (South-west Wales) (Salmo trutta )
sea trout sewin, sea trout
See gwangen
ETYMOLOGY: gwencyn < gwengyn (gwanc = greed) + (-yn
suffix to make a noun from an adjective) (vowel change a > e
under the influence of the y in the final syllable)
:_______________________________.
Gwenda <GWEN-da> [ˡgwɛnda] (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name
:_______________________________.
Gwenddolen <gwen-DHOO-len> [gwɛnˡðoˑlɛn] (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name (gwen white) +
soft mutation + (dolen = link in a chain)
:_______________________________.
gwendid,
gwendidau <GWEN-did, gwen-DII-dai, -e> [ˡgwɛndɪd, gwɛnˡdiˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 weakness
gwendid gwaredol a redeeming vice
2 weakness = fondness, inability to
resist a temptation
:_______________________________.
gwendon <GWEN-don> [ˡgwɛndɔn] feminine noun
PLURAL gwendonnau <gwen-DO-ne> [ˡgwɛndɔnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 white-crested wave, foaming wave
(a) Bronwendon
house name in Ffordd Conwy, Penmaen-mawr SH7176
(b) Bronywendon Llan, Baecolwyn, county of Conwy (“Llan” is apparently
Llanddulas SH9078)
(c) Glanwendon street name in Tywyn SH5800 (county of Gwynedd)
(d) Wendon name of a seafront gift shop in Aberdaron SH1726
(e) occurs in a street name in Amlwch SH4493, county of Môn (the English name
is ‘Wendon Drive’; the Welsh name would be Ffordd Wendon, or
merely (Y) Wendon)
(f) Wendon name of a café in SH5182 Benllech, Tyn-y-gongl, county of Môn
ETYMOLOGY: ‘white wave / sea’ (gwen = feminine form of gwyn =
white ) + soft mutation + (ton = wave / sea)
:_______________________________.
Gweneira <gwe-NEI-ra> [gwɛnˡəɪra] (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name (white + snow)
:_______________________________.
Gwener, Gwenerau <GWE-ner,
gwe-NEE-re> [ˡgweˑnɛr, gwɛneˑraɪ,
-ɛ]
(1) (masculine noun) Venus
(planet),
(2) (feminine noun) Venus (Roman goddess)
(3) dydd Gwener (m) Friday
Gwener y Grog (literary) (“Friday (of) the crucifixion”) Good
Friday.
Usually Dydd Gwener y Groglith
:_______________________________.
gwenerol <gwe-NEE-rol> [gwɛˡneˑrɔl]
1 venereal
clefyd gwenerol venereal disease
dafaden wenerol (f), dafadennau gwenerol
venereal wart
:_______________________________.
Gwenfair <GWEN-vair> [ˡgwɛnvaɪr] (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name (white + Virgin Mary)
:_______________________________.
gwenfflam <GWEN-flam> [ˡgwɛnflam] adjective
1 blazing, ablaze,
in flames
mynd yn wenfflam go up in flames, burst into flames
2 very angry, incandescent with rage
gyrru (rhywun) yn wenfflam send someone into a towering rage
ETYMOLOGY: (gwen feminine form of gwyn = white) + (fflam =
flame)
:_______________________________.
Gwenffrewi <gwen-FREU-i> [gwɛnˡfrɛʊɪ] (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name. See Gwenfrewi
:_______________________________.
Gwenffrwd <GWEN-frud> [ˡgwɛnfrʊd] (feminine noun)
(delwedd 7849)
1 stream in Sir Fynwy /
Monmouthshire
The Gwenffrwd stream is mentioned in Llyfr Llan-daf / The Book of Llandaff c.
1125. The “aber Gwenffrwd” “(the) confluence (of the) Gwenffrwd (stream) (and
the river Gwy / Wye”)
At the confluence is the village of Abergwenffrwd <a-ber-GWEN-FFRUD> [abɛrˡgwɛnfrʊd]
English name: Whitebrook
(delwedd 7065)
2 Gwenffrwd SO0331 farm in Brycheiniog, Powys, near
Llandyfaelog
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/111441
3 Gwenffrwd SN7446 stream in the county of Caerfyrddin, at
Troed-y-rhiw (near Ystrad-ffin), flowing into Afon Tywi
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/800341
Gwenffrwd-Dinas An RSPB (Royal Society fir the Protection of Birds)
reserve in this area
SN7448 Cefn Gwenffrwd “(the) ridge (of) (the) Gwenffrwd (stream)”
4 Gwenffrwd SN5959 stream in
Ceredigion, west of Llangeitho
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN5959
map
5 Gwenffrwd SS7997 stream by
Ton-mawr (Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
Cwm Gwenffrwd the valley of this stream
Abergwenffrwd farm
name
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1017111
map
6 Gwenffrwd SO2517 stream near Llangenni (Brycheiniog, Powys)
Cwm Gwenffrwd the valley of this stream
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO2517
7 Gwenffrwd was also used as a variant of
Gwenfrewi (whose name was erroneously identified with the English name
Winifred). Possibly -ffrwd is the influence of the
syllable –fred in English Winifred.
Gwenffrwd was the bardic name of poet Thomas Lloyd Jones (1810-1834),
from Treffynnon in Sir y Fflint, and is taken form the same of the saint. A
primary school is named after him in Treffynnon – Ysgol Gwenffrwd.
There is also a care home called Llys Gwenffrwd in Treffynon “(the)
court (of) Gwenffrwd”
Y Parchedig Robert Gwenffrwd Hughes, born at Y Maes-glas, Y Treffynnon;
adopted the middle name Gwenffrwd, from the name of the poet
Alun ap Gwenffrwd author, academic; pseudonym of Henry Goronwy Alun
Hughes (b. Pontlotyn, county of Caerffili, 1921), son of Robert Gwenffrwd
Hughes. See The University of Adelaide Library http://www.adelaide.edu.au/library/special/hughes.html
Gwasg Gwenffrwd “(the) Gwenffrwd press” A press set up by Alun ap Gwenffrwd
ETYMOLOGY: Gwenffrwd is “white torrent” (gwen, feminine
form of gwyn = white) + (ffrwd = torrent, hillside stream)
:_______________________________.
Gwenfrewi <gwen-VREU-i> [gwɛnˡvrɛʊɪ] (feminine noun)
1 Celtic saint venerated at Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint)
Ffynnon Wenfrewi, called St. Winifred’s Well in English – is situated in
Treffynnon in north-east Wales (“well-town”, from this well)
:_______________________________.
gwenfro <GWEN-vro> [ˡgwɛnvrɔ] feminine noun
1 (obsolete) fair
land
2 (obsolete) paradise
3 Afon Gwenfro SJ3050 river in
the town of Wrrecsam, north-east Wales
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/662684
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to
collect geographically representative photographs and information for every
square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
..a/ Gwenfro a street name in the city of Wrecsam
..b/ Bryngwenfro (“hill (overlooking the) Gwenfro (river)”) (“Bryn
Gwenfro”)
Street name in Tan-y-fron, Wrecsam
..c/ “Gwenfro Cottages” in Southsea, Wrecsam (Welsh name: if no current name
exists, a translation of the English name would be Tai Gwenfro)
..d/ “Gwenfro Terrace” in Tan-y-fron, Wrecsam (Welsh name: if no current name
exists, a translation of the English name would be Tai Gwenfro or Rhestai
Gwenfro or Teras Gwenfro)
4 Wenfro street name in
Abergele (county of Conwy)
“y wenfro” (y definite article) + soft mutation + (gwenfro = fair
land, paradise) (In place names, the definite article is often dropped, though
the mutation it may have triggered remains)
5 Y Wenfro house name (written
“Y Wen Fro”) in Llan-daf (county of Caer-dydd) (in the list of members in “The
Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)
6 gwenfro’r gwirion fool’s
paradise, a state of unreal optimism or unrealistic faith in future luck
ETYMOLOGY: (gwen = feminine form of gwyn = white, fair, pleasant)
+ soft mutation + (bro = district)
:_______________________________.
Gwenfron <GWEN-vron> [ˡgwɛnvrɔn] (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name (white / fair + breast)
Probably from the poetic work by Creidiol (Jabez Edmund Jenkins 1840-1903)
published in 1868 “Rhiangerdd — Gwenfron o'r Dyffryn” (= a love poem –
Gwenfron from Y Dyffryn / The Valley). Creidiol was a cleric (beginning as
a Congregationalist Minister) and poet from Gelli-groes, Mynyddislwyn. He lived
the last twenty years of his life in Y Faenor, then in the county of
Brycheiniog, now in the county of Merthyrtudful, where in 1897 he published an
English-language volume about Y Faenor – “Vaynor, its History and Guide”.
:_______________________________.
Gwenhwyseg <gwen-HUI-seg> [gwɛn ˡhʊɪsɛg] (feminine noun)
1 Gwentian, dialect of south-east Wales
Y Wenhwyseg the Gwentian dialect
ETYMOLOGY: ‘Gwent people’s language’ (Gwemhwys- penult form of Gwennhwys
= the Gwent people) + (-eg suffix indicating a language)
:_______________________________.
gweniaith <GWEN-yaith> [ˡgwɛnjaɪθ] feminine noun
1 flattery, smooth
talk, cajolery, palaver; (archaic: fair words)
y weniaith the flattery
ETYMOLOGY: ‘fair language’ (gwen = feminine form of gwyn = white,
fair, pleasant) + (iaith = language)
:_______________________________.
gwenidog <gwe-NII-dog> [gwɛˡniˑdɔg]
1 A colloquial form of gweinidog
(= minister)
:_______________________________.
gwenieithio <gwen-YEITH-yo> [gwɛnˡjəɪθjɔ]
1 to flatter
:_______________________________.
gwenieithiwr <gwen-YEITH-yur> [gwɛnˡjəɪθjʊr]
masculine noun
1 flatterer
:_______________________________.
gwenieithus <gwen-YEI-this> [gwɛnˡjəɪθɪs]
adjective
1 flattering
:_______________________________.
gwenith <GWEE-nith> [ˡgweˑnɪθ]
1 Triticum aestivum wheat, ‘bread
wheat’
2 gwenith y gaeaf
or gwenith gaeaf winter wheat, wheat sown in the autumn
gwenith y gwanwyn or gwenith gwanwyn spring wheat
3 bara gwenith
wheaten bread, wheat bread
blawd gwenith wheat flour
Bugeilio’r Gwenith Gwyn (folksong) “watching over the white wheat”. See ▲kimkat0072c (via Google search box)
bywyn gwenith wheatgerm
gwellt gwenith wheat straw
y gwenith a’r efrau the wheat and the tares (i.e. the useful and the
useless, what is useful and what is useless)
gwenith barfog bearded wheat (Triticum turgidum)
gwenith col (North Wales) (“wheat (of) ear”) bearded wheat (Triticum
turgidum)
gwenith coliog (North Wales) (“eared wheat”) bearded wheat (Triticum
turgidum)
gwenith cyflawn whole wheat, wholemeal
gwenithdir land for growing wheat
gwenith du (“black wheat”) Fagopyrum esculentum; a literal
translation of Breton “gwinizh-du”; in Brittany it is used in the preparation
of crêpes
gwenithen grain of wheat
gwenithfaen granite (“wheat-stone”)
gwenith garw rough-eared wheat
gwenith gwineugoch (South-east Wales) brown wheat
gwenith gwyn bach short-stemmed wheat (“little white wheat”)
gwenith yn ehedig wheat in the ear (“wheat (which is) forming ears”)
gwenith yn tywysennu wheat in the ear (“wheat (which is) forming ears”)
gwenith yr hydd (“wheat of the stag”) buckwheat = Fagopyrum
esculentum; annual Asian plant; its small edible triangular seeds are used
whole or ground into flour. (Another name in English is ‘sarassin’ < French
‘sarassin’ < ‘blé sarassin’ = Saracen’s corn)
hau cae â gwenith to sow a field with wheat
hau gwenith to sow wheat
llyngyren y gwenith col wheatworm
tir gwenith land for growing wheat
ysgub wenith, plural ysgubau gwenith wheatsheaf
4 gwenith y gog
(“wheat (of) the cuckoo”) Ranunculus ficaria – lesser celandine
(standard name is Llygad Ebrill ‘eye of April’. Gwenith y gog is
one of the many other popular names for it)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwenith < British *wo-nikt-
From the same British root: Cornish gwenith (= wheat), Breton gwinizh
(= wheat)
From the same Celtic root *nikt: Irish cruithneacht (= wheat)
NOTE: Pererindodwr (A Treatise on the Chief Peculiarities that Distinguish
the Cymraeg, as Spoken by the Inhabitants of Gwent and Morganwg Respectively,
Archaeologia Cambrensis, ?1856) notes that the form east of Pen-y-bont ar
Ogwr is gwinith
:_______________________________.
Gwenith <GWEE-nith> [ˡgweˑnɪθ] feminine noun
1 woman’s name
ETYMOLOGY: ‘wheat’; see gwenith
:_______________________________.
gwenithdir PLURAL gwenithdiroedd <gwe-NITH-dir, gwe-nith-DII-roidh -rodh> [gwɛˡnɪθdɪr, gwɛnɪθˡdiˑrɔɪð
-ɔð] masculine noun
1 land where wheat is
grown
ETYMOLOGY: ‘wheat-land’ (gwenith = wheat ) + soft mutation + ( tir
= land)
:_______________________________.
gwenithfaen <gwe-NITH-vain> [gwɛˡnɪθvaɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL gwenithfeini <gwe-nith-VEI-ni> [gwɛnɪθˡvəɪnɪ]
1 granite
gwenithfaen coch red granite
gwenithfaen du black granite
gwenithfaen glas blue granite
gwenithfaen gwyn white granite
ETYMOLOGY: ‘wheat-stone’ (gwenith = wheat) + soft mutation + (maen
= stone)
NOTE: (North Wales) gwnithfan <GWNITH-van> [ˡgwnɪθvan]
:_______________________________.
gwenithfryn <gwe-NITH-vrin> [gwɛˡnɪθvrɪn] masculine noun
1 “wheat hill”
Gwenithfryn
..a/ name of a township in Ynys Môn
..b/ name of a house in Llanfechell SH3691, Ynys Môn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/867608
Llanfechell
ETYMOLOGY: ‘wheat-hill’ (gwenith = wheat ) + soft mutation + (bryn =
hill)
:_______________________________.
Gwenllian <gwen-LHI-an> [gwɛnˡliˑan] (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name
(white / fair + linen cloth)
:_______________________________.
Gwennan <GWE-nan> [ˡgwɛnan] (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name
:_______________________________.
Gwennant <GWE-nant> [ˡgwɛnant] (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name
ETYMOLOGY: (“white stream / brook” ) (gwen-, gwenn-, < gwen feminine
form of gwyn = white) + (nant = stream) > gwén-nant <
gwennant
:_______________________________.
Gwenno <GWE-no> [ˡgwɛnɔ] (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name
ETYMOLOGY: (gwenn- ) + (-o suffix used to create hypchoristic
forms of names)
The element gwenn- is the penult form of gwen (feminine form of gwyn
= white), but the name Gwenno is rather an extension of the short name Gwen,
used as a fond form or reduced form of Gwenllian.
In a document from 1592 in Coelg yr Iesu / Jesus College, Rhydychen / Oxford,
Gwenno is used to mean the planet Venus (it is glossed as vesperugo, i.e., the
Latin name for the evening star, Venus). In 1707, Edward Lhuyd, in his
Archaeologia Britannica, notes Gwenno as “thew evening star”.
This is (Gwen-, first syllable of Gwener = Venus) + (-o suffix
used to create hypchoristic forms of names), though one might expect the
resulting form to be Gweno, with a half-long penult vowel; but in North
Wales, where this distinction is lost, Gweno / Gwenno would both
represent a pronunciation with a short penult vowel.
:_______________________________.
gwennol,
gwenoliaid <GWE-nol, gwe-NOL-yaid -yed> [ˡgwɛnɔl, gwɛˡnɔljaɪd,
-ɛd] (feminine noun)
1 swallow
y wennol the swallow
Un wennol ni wna wanwyn One swallow does not make a summer (“make a
spring”). Do not think that one favourable event means everything will be
favourable from now on. Do not think that an isolated sign of a change means
that the change will happen soon.
Cf the Slovene saying, which also has swallow / spring: Ena lastovka še ne
prinese pomladi (= one swallow doesn't bring spring), and French Une
hirondelle ne fait pas le printemps (=
one swallow does not make the spring).
:_______________________________.
gwennol ddu,
gwenoliaid duon <gwe-nol-DHII, gwe-NOL-yaid,
-yed, -DII-on> [ˡgwɛnɔl ðiː, gwɛˡnɔljaɪd,
-ɛd ˡdɪˑɔn] (feminine noun)
1 swift (“black swallow”)
:_______________________________.
gwennol y môr feminine noun gwennol-y-moor <GWE-nol ə MOOR> [ˡgwɛnɔl ə ˡmoːr]
PLURAL gwenoliaid
y môr <gwe-NOL-yaid, -yed, ə MOOR> [gwɛˡnɔljaɪd, -ɛd ə
ˡmoːr]
1 (Sterna hirundo) common
tern
Standard name: môr-wennol gyffredin
2 Gwennol y Môr street name in Y
Barri (county of Bro Morgannwg)
(An unusual name for a street; without an element to denote street, such names
are better spelt as if a habitative name: Gwennol-y-môr)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) swallow (of) the sea”, sea swallow) (gwennol =
swallow) + (y = definite article) + (môr = sea)
:_______________________________.
Gwenogfryn <gwe-NOG-vrin> [gwɛˡnɔgvrɪn] masculine noun
1 personal name (“hill (of)
Gwennog”); name used by (and probably devised by) John Gwenogvryn Evans, editor
of medieval Welsh texts, (1852-1930), born in Llanybydder in the county of
Caerfyrddin but brought up in Llanwennog in Ceredigion. (Gwennog – the
name of the saint commemorated in the village name Llanwennog, “church
(of) Gwennog”) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill).
As a place name a more natural form would be Bryngwennog but in forming
personal names from existing place names or hypothetical place names the
elements were sometimes reversed.
The use of “v” instead of “f” in some cases indicated support for a proposed
informal spelling change advocated in the 1800s but finally abandoned – the use
of “v” for [v] ,
and “f” for [f] ,
as in English and other European languages, to replace Welsh”f” for [v] and
“ff” for [f] .
In other cases it was to indicate to English speakers that the word was to be
pronounced with [v] and not [f].
This might be the reason for “Gwenogvryn” instead of “Gwenogfryn”.
:_______________________________.
gwenoli <gwe-NOO-li> [gwɛˡnoˑlɪ] verb
1 shuttle = move
back and forth like a shuttle
2 ras gyfnewid
wenoli shuttle relay race, a race where runners move from a point A to a
point B, and on crossing the line another runner of the same team runs back to
point A, and so on
ETYMOLOGY: (gwenol- penult form of gwennol = swallow, shuttle) +
(-i suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwenu <GWEE-ni> [ˡgweˑnɪ] (verb)
1 to smile
2 gwenu gydag ymdrech force a
smile (“smile with an effort”)
3 gwenu o glust bwygilydd to
smile from one ear to the other / to smile from ear to ear
Roedd yn gwenu o glust bwygilydd He was smiling from one ear to the
other
:_______________________________.
gwenwisg <GWEN-wisk> [ˡgwɛnwɪsk] feminine noun
PLURAL gwenwisgoedd
<gwen-WIS-kodh> [gwɛnˡwɪskɔɪð –kɔð]
1 surplice = ecclesiastical robe
y wenwisg the surplice
Bu’r offeiriad yn
pregethu yn ei wenwisg The priest preached in his surplice
tynnu’r wenwisg
oddiam offeirad
defrock a priest, expel a priest from the priesthood (“pull / remove the
surplice from around the priest”)
2 (Dwyfor, district in western
Gwynedd)
esgobion Bangor yn eu gwenwisg “bishops (of) Bangor in their surplice”
large white clouds on a clear day indicating a coming storm
ETYMOLOGY: (gwen feminine form of gwyn = white ) + soft mutation
+ (gwisg = garment)
:_______________________________.
gwenwlad <GWEN-wlad> [ˡgwɛnwlad] (f)
1 heaven, paradise; fair land
y wenwlad the fair land
ETYMOLOGY: “white / blessed / fair land” (gwlad = country, land) + soft
mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white / blessed / fair
)
NOTE: Cf gwladwen (= heaven, paradise), with the same elements reversed
:_______________________________.
gwenwyn <GWEN-uin> [ˡgwɛnʊɪn] (masculine noun)
1 poison
2 jealousy (North) bod wenwyn i
be jealous of
Mae o wenwyn imi he’s jealous of me
3 yn ei wenwyn (crop - grass, etc) unripe; (animal) not fully grown,
immature
gwerthu buwch yn ei gwenwyn sell a cow before it is fully mature
:_______________________________.
gwenwynig <gwen-UI-nig> [gwɛnˡʊɪnɪg] (adj)
1 poisonous
:_______________________________.
gwenwynllyd <gwen-UIN-lhid> [gwɛnˡʊɪnɬɪd]
1 poisonous
:_______________________________.
gwenwyno <gwe-NUI-no> [gwɛnˡʊɪnɔ]
1 to poison
:_______________________________.
gwenynen, gwenyn
(feminine noun) [gwɛˡnənɛn, ˡgweˑnɪn]
1 bee
y wenwynen the bee
:_______________________________.
gwenynwr,
gwenynwyr <gwe-NƏ-nur, gwe-NƏN-wir> [gwɛˡnənʊr, gwɛˡnənwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 beekeeper
:_______________________________.
gweog <GWEE-og> [ˡgweˑɔg] adjective
1 woven
:_______________________________.
gweol <GWEE-ol> [ˡgweˑɔl] adjective
1
woven
2 neologism of the worldwide web – in imitation of the following
nouns and their derived adjectives
deau (= south), deheuol (= southern)
lle (= place), lleol (= local);
teulu (= family), teuluol (= belonging to a family);
Y Geiriadur Gweol The Web Dictionary (what we formerly called this
dictionary – not a good name. Now it is Y Gwe-eiriadur – hardly an
improvement)
3 gweolion <gwe-OL-yon> [gwɛˡɔljɔn] plural noun textiles
ETYMOLOGY: (gwe = woven cloth, web) + (-ol = suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwep <GWEP> [gwɛp] (feminine noun)
1 face, appearance
on one’s face, grimace
y wep the grimace
tynnu gwep pull a face
:_______________________________.
gwepian <GWEP-yan> [ˡgwɛpjan]
verb
1 pout, make faces
:_______________________________.
gwêr <GWEER> [gweːr] masculine noun
1 tallow = fatty
tissue
2 tallow = fatty
tissue of sheep or cows melted down and used for making candles and soap
gwêr cannwyll tallow for making candles, candle grease
3 suet, fat = fatty
tissue of sheep or cows melted down and used for cooking
gwêr dafad mutton fat
gwêr eidion beef suet
4 similar substance
to this
gwêr llysiau vegetable tallow
5 adjective
tallow, made of tallow
cannwyll wêr, plural canhwyllau gwêr tallow candle
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *wer < *awer (=
water, rain, river)
From the same Celtic root: Irish geir = tallow, suet
:_______________________________.
gwer- <GWEER> [gweːr] prefix
1 A form of the obsolete prefix gwor-, which in
general has become gor- (“over-, super-”) in modern Welsh
In other cases,
gwor > gwar
In this case, gwor > gwar > gwer
The sound represented by y in the final syllable has
caused a vowel change in the preceding syllable:
a > e. (This vowel affection happened regularly in Welsh).
gwersyll camp, originally ‘lookout place’
Welsh gwersyll (camp < lookout place) < gwarsyll (gwar < gwor = on) + (syll-, stem syllu = to look).
:_______________________________.
gwera <GWEE-ra> [ˡgweˑra] verb
1 to drip tallow,
collect dripping tallow
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêr = tallow) + (-a, suffix for forming verbs with
the meaning of ‘to collect’)
:_______________________________.
gwerdd <GWERDH> [gwɛrð]
1 feminine form of gwyrdd = green
:_______________________________.
gwerddon <GWER-dhon> [ˡgwɛrðɔn] feminine noun
PLURAL gwerddonau <gwer-DHOO-ne> [ˡgwɛrðoˑnaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 green spot
y werddon the green spot
Y Werddon place name, Wrecsam (English name: Island Green)
2 oasis = place
with water and trees in a desert
3 (figurative)
oasis = place regarded as being like an oasis, pleasant place in unattractive
or uninteresting surroundings
Pan oedd y tîm yn chwarae yn Sir y Fflint fe fyddai’n mynd ar ôl y gêm i
werddon ardderchog o’r enw Mountain View ym Mochdre
When the team was playing in the county of Fflint it would go after the game to
a splendid oasis (i.e. a pub) called Mountain View in Mochdre
ETYMOLOGY: two possible explanations: (gwerdd, feminine form of gwyrdd
= green) + (-on, suffix);
otherwise from Iwerddon (colloquially sometimes Y Werddon) =
Ireland
:_______________________________.
gwerfa <GWER-va> [ˡgwɛrva] feminine noun
South-east Wales
1 sheltered place
for cattle from the sun
y werfa the sheltered spot
(1) Y Werfa name of a mansion in Aber-nant, Aber-dâr (English name:
Werfa House), and of a former colliery here; Twyn y Werfa hill by Y
Werfa (“(the) hill (of) Y Werfa”)
(2) Y Werfa place on the south side of the road between Cwm-parc (county
of Rhondda Cynon Taf) and Blaengwynfi (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan),
near Bwlch yr Afan and Twyn Crug yr Afan
(3) Maesywerfa farm east of Bryncethin, county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
(“(the) field (of) the shelter”)
(4) Wyrfa Uchaf farm in Y Rugos (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf), and by
here Cwm Wyrfa
ETYMOLOGY: göoerfa (literally “very cool / cold place”) > gwerfa (with
a further development > gwyrfa; the replacement of the original vowel
in this position by the obscure vowel is not unusual in Welsh, and is frequent
in south-eastern Welsh) (go = intensifying prefix) + (oerfa =
cool place); this latter word is (oer = cold, cool; -fa = place)
:_______________________________.
gwerglodd
<GWER-glodh> [ˡgwɛrglɔð] (f)
1 (North Wales) a
variant form of gweirglodd (qv) (= hay meadow)
:_______________________________.
gwerin <GWEE-rin> [ˡgweˑrɪn] (feminine noun)
1 y werin = the ordinary people
cân werin = folk song
:_______________________________.
gweriniaeth,
gweriniaethau <gwe-RIN-yaith -yeth, gwe-rin-YEI-thai, -e> [gwɛˡrɪnjaɪθ -jɛθ,
gwɛrɪnˡjəɪθaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 republic
y weriniaeth = the republic
:_______________________________.
gweriniaethol <gwe-rin-YEI-thol> [gwɛrɪnˡjəɪθɔl] (adjective)
1 republican
:_______________________________.
gweriniaetholdeb <gwe-rin-yei-THOL-deb> [gwɛrɪnjəɪˡθɔldɛb] (masculine noun)
1 republicanism
:_______________________________.
gweriniaethwr,
gweriniaethwyr <gwe-rin-YEI-thur, gwe-rin-YEITH-wir> [gwɛrɪnˡjəɪθʊr,
gwɛrɪnˡjəɪθwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 republican
:_______________________________.
gwerinol <gwe-RII-nol> [ˡgwɛriˑnɔl] (adjective)
1 belonging to / characteristic of the ordinary people
:_______________________________.
gwerinos <gwe-RII-nos> [gwɛˡriˑnɔs] (feminine noun or plural noun)
1 the ordinary people (gwerin + -os;
can be disparaging or affectionate)
y werinos / y gwerinos = the ordinary people
:_______________________________.
gwerinwr,
gwerinwyr <gwe-RII-nur, gwe-RIN-wir> [gwɛˡriˑnʊr, gwɛˡrɪnwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 one of the ordinary people;
countryman
2 in chess, a pawn
:_______________________________.
gwerllyd <GWER-lhid> [ˡgwɛrɬɪd] adjective
1 tallowy, greasy
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêr = tallow ) + (-llyd adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwerlod <GWER-lod> [ˡgwɛrlɔd] (feminine noun)
1 a southern form of gweirglodd
hay meadow
y werlod = the hay meadow
See gweirglodd
2 “pen y werlod”
“(the) end / edge (of) the haymeadow”
“Penywerlod Road”, street name in Markham, Y Coed-duon (county of Caerffili)
The Welsh name would be Heol Penywerlod
ETYMOLOGY: (pen = end) + soft mutation + (gwerlod, a southern
form of gweirglodd = hay meadow)
:_______________________________.
gwern <GWERN> [gwɛrn] feminine noun
PLURAL gwernydd,
gwerni <GWERN-idh, GWERN-i> [ˡgwɛrnɪð, ˡgwɛrnɪ]
1 alder grove, alder wood
y wern = the alder grove
2 alder marsh,
swamp, marsh, quagmire
3 meadow = wet
meadow
4 moor
5 Gwernydd
street name in Gerlan, Bethesda (county of Gwynedd)
6 Gwernydd
SJ0802 locality in Llanwyddelan, district of Maldwyn (county of Powys)
7 Y Wernydd
various place names (with soft mutation after the definite article)
8 wern soft
mutated form of gwern (= alder wood, alder grove; alder swamp, wet
ground; meadow; moor)
y wern the alder swamp
Used in some place names as a radical from instead of gwern
Wernywylan (“Wern y Wylan”) (“(the) moor / wet ground (of) the seagull”)
Street name
..a/ Llandudno, county of Conwy
..b/ Cricieth, county of Gwynedd (the expected form would be gwern y gwylan)
Other words with the soft-mutated form used as the radical: gwaun / waun
(= heathland), ban / fan (= cim)
ETYMOLOGY: Extension of the meaning of the collective noun gwern (=
alder trees).
See gwernen
:_______________________________.
gwerndir,
gwerndiroedd <GWERN-dir, gwern-DII-roidh -odh> [ˡgwɛrndɪr, gwɛrnˡdiˑrɔɪð,
-ɔð] (masculine noun)
1 land with alders
:_______________________________.
gwernen,
gwern <GWER-nen, GWERN> [ˡgwɛrnɛn, gwɛrn] (feminine noun)
1 alder tree
y wernen = the alder tree
ETYMOLOGY: (gwern = alder trees) + (-en singulative suffix)
gwern < British *vern-
The Gaulish word related to modern Welsh gwern has given vern (= alder
tree) in Catalan, and French dialect verne (= alder tree) (“alder tree”
in standard French is an unrelated word aune), hence places in France
called Verne, Vernay, Verney, Vernier, Vernette, etc
:_______________________________.
Y Gwernllwyn <ə-GWERN-lhuin> [ə ˡgwɛrnɬʊɪn] (feminine noun)
1 alder grove (place name)
:_______________________________.
gwernog <GWER-nog> [ˡgwɛrnɔg] (adjective) (feminine noun)
1 full of alders;
2 (feminine noun) alder swamp
y wernog = the alder swamp
:_______________________________.
gwernos <GWER-nos> [ˡgwɛrnɔs] feminine noun
PLURAL gwernosydd
[gwɛrˡnɔsɪð]
1 small alders, stunted alders
2 Gwernos
Street name in Treforus, county of Abertawe
3 Y Wernos
..a/ locality near Crucadarn in the district of Brycheiniog (county of Powys)
..b/ locality near Rhydaman (county of Caerfyrddin)
4 Y Wernas-deg
locality in Beddgelert (county of Gwynedd)
y wernas deg < y wernos deg (“fair small alders”)
(There are other examples in Welsh of the change o > a in
final syllables – bedwos / bedwas, etc See a)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwern = alders, alder trees) + (-os suffix for
forming diminutives of collective nouns, especially those of certain plants).
Such words with –os are used as if feminine singular nouns, hence soft
mutation after the definite article.
:_______________________________.
Gwern-y-go <gwern-ə-GOO> [gwɛrn ə ˡgoː]
1 SO2291 locality in Y Sarn, Y
Drenewydd, district of Maldwyn (county of Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (without reference to earlier forms) (“(the’) alder swamp
/ meadow (of) the smith”) (gwern = alder swamp / meadow) + (y =
definite article)+ (go, northern form of gof = smith)
:_______________________________.
gwerog <GWEE-rog> [ˡgweˑrɔg] adjective
1 tallowy, greasy
ETYMOLOGY: (gwêr = tallow ) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwers <GWERS> [gwɛrs] feminine noun
PLURAL gwersi <GWER-si> [ˡgwɛrsɪ]
1 lesson = class
y wers the lesson
rhoi gwersi Cymraeg i oedolion give Welsh classes to adults
2 lesson = example
of behaviour, attitudes or an action considered worthy of imitation
Mae ei ddatganiadau i’r wasg yn wers i bawb ohonom ar sut i gadw ein
polisïau yn llygaid y cyhoedd yn gyson
His declarations to the press are a lesson to all of us on how to keep our
policies in the public eye constantly
3 lesson =
humiliating experience which causes somebody to alter behaviour
cael gwers gan receive a lesson from
dysgu gwers i teach a lesson to
Fe fydd yn wers iddi It’ll be a lesson for her
Buasai’n well i ni ddysgu gwers fach iddo i’w atgoffa fo pwy yw’r bòs yn y
fan hyn
we ought to teach him a lesson to remind him who’s the boss here
4 lecture =
reprimand, telling off, dressing down, etc which serves too change one’s
behaviour
Anghofia i byth y wers mewn bod yn onest ges i gyno fo pan oeddwn yn blentyn
I shall never forget the lesson in honesty I received from him when I was a
child
5 lesson =
experience which provides someone with useful knowledge
6 penydwers punishment; an
extra school lesson as a punishment, in the lunch break or after the normal
school day (penyd = penance) + soft mutation + (gwers = lesson)
Nid oedd gennym wersi Cymraeg yn yr ysgol, ond fel penydwers
We didn’t have Welsh lessons at school, except as a punishment class
7 obsolete verse
8 district of
Llyn in the county of Gwynedd verse in the Bible, Biblical verse
9 county of Y
Fflint religious service
gwers gladdu burial service
10 obsolete period,
while, space of time
ym mhen gwers after a while
In his Archaeologia Britannica (1707) Edward Lhuyd notes: Ym pen gvers, a while
after. This is still retain’d in the Counties of Monmouth, Hereford, Brecknoc,
and Glamorg.
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh
< British < Latin versus (= verse, line, row) < vertere
(= to turn)
From the same British root: Cornish gwers (= verse), Breton gwers
(= period of time), gwerz (= verse)
From the same Latin root: Irish fearsa (= verse)
:_______________________________.
gwerslyfr <GWERS-li-vir> [ˡgwɛrslɪvɪr] masculine noun
PLURAL gwerslyfrau <gwers-LəV-ai
-e> [ˡgwɛrsləvraɪ, -ɛ]
1 textbook, lesson book
ETYMOLOGY: (gwers = lesson) + soft mutation + (llyfr = book)
:_______________________________.
gwersyll <GWER-silh> [ˡgwɛrsɪɬ] m
PLURAL gwersylloedd <gwer-Sə-lhoidh
-odh> [gwɛrˡsəɬɔɪð
-ɔð]
1 campsite
2 camp
gwersyll hyfforddiant training camp
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/233448
3 gwersyll difodi extermination camp
gwersylloedd difodi’r Natsïaid the Nazi extermination camps
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwersyll (camp < lookout place) < gwarsyll
(gwar < gwor = on) + (syll-, stem syllu = to
look). The y of
the final syllable has caused the vowel change in the preceding syllable a
> e, which happened regularly in Welsh
:_______________________________.
gwersylla <gwer-SƏ-lha> [gwɛrˡsəɬa] (verb)
1 to camp
:_______________________________.
gwersyll
ffoaduriaid <GWER-silh-fo-a-DIR-yed> [ˡgwɛrsɪɬ foadɪrjaɪd,
-jɛd]
m
PLURAL gwersylloedd
ffoaduriaid <gwer-Sə-lhodh-fo-a-DIR-yed> [ˡgwɛrsəɬɔð foadɪrjaɪd,
-jɛd]
1 refugee camp
ETYMOLOGY: (gwersyll = camp) + (ffoaduriaid = refugees, < ffoadur
= refugee)
:_______________________________.
gwersyll
mynd-a-dod <GWER-silh-mind-aa-DOOD> [ˡgwɛrsɪɬ mɪnd ɑː
ˡdoɔd] m
1 transit camp
ETYMOLOGY: (gwersyll = camp) + (mynd a dod = go and come)
:_______________________________.
gwersyllt <gwer-silht> [ˡgwɛrsɪɬt]
1 camp;
See: gwersyll
ETYMOLOGY: gwersyll (= camp) + (non-etymological -t)
Cf deall (= to understand) > dallt (North Wales)
:_______________________________.
Gwersyllt <GWER-silht> [ˡgwɛrsɪɬt]
1 SJ3152 locality in Wrecsam Maelor
(Clwyd)
ETYMOLOGY: gwersyll (= camp) + (non-etymological -t)
Cf deall (= to understand) > dallt (North Wales)
This is the APPARENT meaning. In fact it is a Cymricisation of the English
place name Wershull (1315) (= gallows hill) (Llafar Gwlad, Haf 1985,
Rhif 9)
The name “Wershull” came to be associated with Welsh gwersyll (= camp)
So in fact (gwersyll = Welsh word for “camp” which displaced Wershull)
+ (non-etymological -t)
NOTE: English words with intial w- regularly became gw- in Welsh
Eaxamples are:
..a/ wall > gwal (= wall)
..b/ waistcoat > gwasgod (= waistcoat)
..c/ Westberie (1086 > Gwesbyr - village in the county of Y
Fflint)
..d/ Wrexham > Gwrecsam (town in the north-east; though Wrecsam is
now used in contemporary Welsh)
:_______________________________.
gwersyllu <gwer-SƏ-lhi> [gwɛrˡsəɬɪ] (verb)
1 to camp
:_______________________________.
gwersyllwr <gwer-SƏ-lhur> [gwɛrˡsəɬʊr]
PLURAL gwersyllwyr <gwer-SƏLH-wir> [gwɛrˡsəɬwɪr]
1 camper
:_______________________________.
gwersyll ysgol <GWER-silh
ə-skol> [ˡgwɛrsɪɬ ˡəskɔl] m
PLURAL gwersylloedd
ysgol
1 school camp
mynd i wersyll ysgol go to school camp
ETYMOLOGY: (gwersyll = camp) + (ysgol = school)
:_______________________________.
gwerth,
gwerthoedd [gwɛrθ, ˡgwɛrθɔɪð, -ɔð] (masculine noun)
1 value, worth
ar werth – for sale
o ddim gwerth = worthless, not worth anything
2 faint bynnag
fo’i werth whatever it may be worth, whatever its worth
3 os yw o ryw
werth if it’s of any interest to you, for what it’s worth, if it’s of any
use to you, if it’ll help you at all
Fe weda i wrtho ti beth oodd ’nhad-cu yn ’feddwl am y Blaid Lafur yn y Cwm
hyn, os yw o ryw werth
I’ll tell you what my grandad thought of the Labour Party in this valley, if
it’s of any worth
4 worth (in
indicating value in terms of price)
gwerth iwro o glipiau papur a euro’s worth of paper clips
5 Dyw e ddim yn
werth y fenter It’s not worth the risk
6 Mae pob sylw
yn werth ei gael All publicity is good publicity (“every observation is
worth its getting”)
7 faint bynnag
fo’i werth for what it’s worth,
whatever it may be worth, although it is probably not of any importance
beth bynnag fo’i werth for what it’s worth ,
whatever it may be worth
beth bynnag fo gwerth hynny for what it’s worth
Dyna fy marn innau, beth bynnag fo’i werth That’s my view, for what it’s
worth
:_______________________________.
gwerth
arian - <gwerth AR-yan> [ˡgwɛrθ ˡarjan]
1 valuable, expensive,
worth a fortune
Fe gawson nhw anrhegion gwerth arian They received some expensive
presents
gwerth arian o a fortune (in...)
prynu gwerth arian o bethach spend a fortune on things (“buy a fortune
of things”)
Mae gwerth arian o stampie yn ‘i gasgliad He’s got a stamp collection
that’s worth a fortune
Mae gwerth arian o lyfrau yn y bocsus ‘ma There’s a fortune in books in
these boxes
ETYMOLOGY: (gwerth = value) + (arian = money)
:_______________________________.
gwerth
eich pwysau mewn aur <gwerth-əkh-PUI-se-meun-AAIR> [ˡgwɛrθ əx pʊɪsɛeːˑmɛʊn
ɑˑɪr]
1 worth your weight in
gold
:_______________________________.
gwerth
eich cofio
<GWERTH-əkh-KOV-yo> [ˡgwɛrθ əx ˡkɔvjɔ]
1 worth remembering (“worth your remembering”) ;
Dywediad gwerth ei gofio yw hwn This is a saying worth remembering
:_______________________________.
gwerth
eich halen
<GWERTH-əkh-HAA-len> [ˡgwɛrθ əx ˡhɑˑlɛn]
1 bod
gwerth eich halen
a) be worth one’s salt = deserving respect or admiration
pawb gwerth ei halen anybody who’s anybody (“everybody worth his salt”)
;
Mae’n ymddangos fod pawb gwerth ei halen yn Lloegr yn nabod ysbïwr
It seems that anyone worth their salt in England knows a spy
b) be worth one’s salt = be genuine, worthy of the description, efficient in
one’s job
Bydd unrhyw leidr gwerth ei halen yn torri i mewn i’ch ty tra eich bod allan
ar nos Sadwrn
any thief worth his salt will break into your house while you are out on
Saturday night
c) be worth one’s salt = (employee) be worthy, of one’s pay, work well for
one’s salary
d) be worth one’s salt = be valuable, be useful
2 dyw e ddim gwerth ei halen he’s a worthless character, he’s
useless (“he’s not worth his salt”)
ETYMOLOGY: bod gwerth eich halen “be worth one’s salt”; originally worth
the value of salt that one consumes - at one time a very expensive commodity.
Compare the English expression ‘be worth your weight in gold”
:_______________________________.
gwerth
eich punnoedd <GWERTH əx PI-noidh, -odh> [ˡgwɛrθ əx pɪnɔɪð, -ɔð]
1 loaded, rich;
Mae’n werth ei bunnoedd He’s stinking rich (“he’s worth his pounds”)
:_______________________________.
gwerth
eich pwysau mewn aur adjectival
1 worth one’s weight in gold
:_______________________________.
gwerthfa <GWERTH-va> [ˡgwɛrθva]
feminine noun
PLURAL gwerthféydd
1 outlet, retail outlet, point of
sale, selling place
y werthfa the outlet
:_______________________________.
gwerthfawr <GWERTH-vaur> [ˡgwɛrθvaʊr] adjective
1 valuable = of
great monetary value
carreg werthfawr precious stone
2 valuable, valued
= of great importance;
aelod gwerthfawr o’r gymdeithas a valued member of the organisation
3 valuable = very
useful
llyfr taith gwerthfawr a defnyddiol iawn a very valuable and useful
guidebook;
Mae’r Samariaid yn rhoi gwasanaeth eithriadol werthfawr The Samaritans
provide an extremely valuable service
:_______________________________.
gwerthfawrogi <gwerth-vau-ROO-gi> [gwɛrθvaʊˡroˑgɪ] verb with an object
1 appreciate = feel
thankful for
2 appreciate =
value highly; see the true value of; praise, eulogise
3 appreciate = be
sensitive to (the qualities of art, music)
Dyw hi ddim yn gwerthfawrogi’r math hwnnw o gerddoriaeth She doesn’t
appreciate that sort of music
:_______________________________.
gwerthfawrogiad <gwerth-vaur-OG-yad> [gwɛrθvaʊrˡɔgjad]
masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthfawrogiadau <gwerth-vau-rog-YAA-dai,
-e [gwɛrθvaʊrɔgˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 appreciation = gratitude
2 appreciation = assessment of the true value of a person or thing; praise
Bu farw ddeufis yn ôl ond ni welais yr un gair o werthfawrogiad iddi yn
unman
She died two months ago but I haven’t seen one word of appreciation for her
anywhere
3 appreciation = sensitivity (to the qualities of art, music)
:_______________________________.
gwerthfawrogol <gwerth-vau-ROO-gol> [gwɛrθvaʊrˡoˑgɔl]adjective
1
appreciative
:_______________________________.
gwerth
gwaed <gwerth GWAID> [ˡgwɛrθ
ˡgwɑɪd] masculine noun
1 rhoi
gwerth gwaed to spare no effort (am = to do something) (“to give the
value of blood”)
:_______________________________.
gwerthiant <GWERTH-yant> [ˡgwɛrθjant] masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthiannau <gwerth-YA-nai,
-ne> [ˡgwɛrθjanaɪ, -ɛ]
1 sale
2 (newspaper) sales,
circulation;
Mae gwerthiant y ‘Cymro’ wedi mynd i lawr yn ddiweddar
Sales of the “Cymro” have decreased recently
:_______________________________.
gwerth
marchnad <gwerth MARKH-nad> [gwɛrθ ˡmarxnad] masculine noun
1
market value = price at which something could be sold determined by the
strength of demand, rather than than the price based on its presumed value
:_______________________________.
gwerthol <GWER-thol> [gwɛrθɔl] feminine noun
North Wales
See: gwarthol = stirrup
:_______________________________.
ªªª
gwerth sôn
amdano gwerth-soon-amdano <gwerth soon am-da-no> [ˡgwɛrθ ˡsoːn amˡdanɔ] adjectival
after
a feminine noun: werth sôn amdani
1 worth talking about, worth mentioning, to speak of, worthy of the name
Tydan ni ddim wedi cael gaea’ gwerth sôn amdano ers deng mlynadd bellach
We haven’t had a winter worth talking about for ten years now
:_______________________________.
gwerth
taten pob
<gwerth TA-ten POOB> [ˡgwɛrθ tatɛn poːb] adjectival
1 dydi
o ddim gwerth tatan pob it’s not worth a thing, it has no value at all
(“it’s not worth a baked potato”)
:_______________________________.
gwerth
trethiannol <gwerth treth-YA-nol> [ˡgwɛrθ trɛθjanɔl] masculine noun
1
rateable value, the value given to a house as a basis for deciding how much
local tax the owner should pay (“taxable value”)
:_______________________________.
gwerthu <GWER-thi> [ˡgwɛrθɪ] (verb)
1 to sell
2 gwerthu
rhywbeth ar golled sell something at a loss
gwerthu rhywbeth am ei gost sell something at cost price (“sell
something for its cost”)
3 nwyddau i’w
gwerthu neu i’w ddychwelyd goods sent on a sale-or-return basis
4 peiriant
gwerthu slot machine, vending machine = machine which sells small articles
such as sweets or cigarettes operated by coins; (a direct translation of
English vending machine)
5 gwerthu sebon to softsoap, to flatter, to lay it
on thick (“to sell soap”)
6 gwerthu’r fuwch i brynu tarw
to rob Peter to bay Paul (“sell the cow to buy a bull”)
7 gwerthu ar
ocsiwn <GWER-thi ar OK-shun> [ˡgwɛrθɪ ar ˡɔkʃʊn] to auction, to sell at an auction
8 gwerthu fel
fflamiau <GWER-thi
vel FLAM-yai, -ye> [ˡgwɛrθɪ vɛl
flamjaɪ, -ɛ] (phrase) sell like
hotcakes (“like flames”)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr,
gwerthwyr [ˡgwɛrθʊr, ˡgwɛrθwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 seller
2 gwerthwyr gorau <GWERTH-wir GOO-rai,
-e> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr ˡgoˑraɪ,
-ɛ] bestsellers
3 gwerthwr caws
cheesemonger
gwerthwr llaeth dairyman, milk seller
haearnwerthwr ironmonger, hardware shop owner
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr
ceffylau <GWERTH-ur ke-FƏ-lai,
-e> [ˡgwɛrθʊr kɛˡfəlaɪ,
-ɛ] masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
ceffylau <GWERTH-wir ke-FƏ-lai,
-e> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr kɛˡfəlaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 horse dealer
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) horses” (gwerthwr = seller) + (ceffylau =
horses)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr da
pluog <GWERTH-ur daa-PLII-og> [ˡgwɛrθʊr dɑː
ˡpliˑɔg] masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
da pluog <GWERTH-wir daa-PLII-og> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr dɑː
ˡpliˑɔg]
1 poulterer
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) poultry” (gwerthwr = seller) + (da pluog =
poultry)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr
dodefnod <GWERTH-ur do-DEV-nod> [ˡgwɛrθʊr doˡdɛvnɔd] masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
dodefnod <GWERTH-wir do-DEV-nod> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr doˡdɛvnɔd]
1 poulterer
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) poultry” (gwerthwr = seller) + (dodefnod =
poultry)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr eli <GWERTH-ur EE-li> [ˡgwɛrθʊr ˡeˑlɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
eli <GWERTH-wir EE-li> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr ˡeˑlɪ]
1 obsolete ointment seller
Ganrif yn ôl cymeriad cyfarwydd ym mlaenau cymoedd Gwent a Morgannwg oedd y
gwerthwr eli
A century ago a familiar character at the heads of the valleys of the Gwent
and Morgannwg valleys was the ointment seller
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) ointment” (gwerthwr = seller) + (eli =
ointment)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr
ffrwythau a llysiau <GWERTH-ur FRUI-thai, -e, - a LHƏ-shai, -e> [ˡgwɛrθʊr ˡfrʊɪθaɪ,
-ɛ, a ˡɬəʃaɪ, -ɛ]masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
ffrwythau a llysiau <GWERTH-wir FRUI-thai, -e, - a LHƏ-shai,
-e> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr ˡfrʊɪθaɪ,
-ɛ, a ˡɬəʃaɪ, -ɛ]
1 greengrocer, seller of fruit and
vegetables
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) fruit and vegtables” (gwerthwr = seller) + (ffrwythau
a llysiau = fruit and vegtables)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr glo masculine noun gwerthwyr glo <GWERTH-ur GLOO> [ˡgwɛrθʊr ˡgloː]
PLURAL gwerthwyr
glo <GWERTH-wir GLOO> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr ˡgloː]
1 coal merchant, person who sells coal
usually for domestic use
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) coal” (gwerthwr = seller) + (glo = coal)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr
gwartheg <GWERTH-ur GWAR-theg> [ˡgwɛrθʊr ˡgwarθɛg] masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
gwartheg <GWERTH-wir GWAR-theg> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr ˡgwarθɛg]
1 cattle dealer
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) cattle” (gwerthwr = seller) + (gwartheg =
cattle)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr
gwinoedd <GWERTH-ur GWII-noidh,
-odh> [ˡgwɛrθʊr ˡgwiˑnɔɪð,
-ɔð]masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
gwinoedd <GWERTH-wir GWII-noidh, -odh> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr ˡgwiˑnɔɪð,
-ɔð]
1 wine merchant
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) wines” (gwerthwr = seller) + (gwinoedd =
wines)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr
gwirodydd <GWERTH-ur gwi-ROO-didh> [ˡgwɛrθʊr gwɪˡroˑdɪð]masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
gwirodydd <GWERTH-wir gwi-ROO-didh> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr gwɪˡroˑdɪð]
1 liquor merchant, seller of alcoholic
drinks
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) alcoholic drinks” (gwerthwr = seller) + (gwirodydd
= alcoholic drinks)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr hen
lyfrau <GWER-thur heen LƏ-vrai,
-e> [ˡgwɛrθʊr heːn ˡləvraɪ,
-ɛ] masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
hen lyfrau <GWERTH-wir heen LƏ-vrai, -e> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr heːn ˡləvraɪ,
-ɛ]
1 seller of antiquarian books, second-hand
bookseller
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) old books” (gwerthwr = seller) + (hen =
old) + soft mutation + (llyfrau = books)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr hetiau <GWER-thur HET-yai, -e> [ˡgwɛrθʊr ˡhɛtjaɪ,
-ɛ]
PLURAL gwerthwyr
hetiau <GWERTH-wir HET-yai, -e> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr ˡhɛtjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 seller of hats; milliner = seller of
women’s hats
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) hats” (gwerthwr = seller) + (hetiau =
hats)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwriaeth <gwer-THUR-yaith -yeth> [gwɛrˡθʊrjaɪθ,
-jɛθ] feminine noun
1 salesmanship
ETYMOLOGY: (gwerthwr = seller) + (-i-aeth suffix for forming
nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr manion
gwnïo <GWER-thur MAN-yon gu-NII-o> [ˡgwɛrθʊr ˡmanjɔn
ˡgʊniˑɔ] masculine
noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
manion gwnïo <GWERTH-wir MAN-yon-gu-NII-o> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr ˡmanjɔn
ˡgʊniˑɔ]
1 (Englandic:
haberdasher, seller of sewing materials - pins, needles, threads, buttons,
zips, hooks-and-eyes, velcro, etc)
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) small-items (of) sewing” (gwerthwr = seller) + (manion
= small items) + (gwnïo = to sew)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr moch <GWER-thur
MOOKH> [ˡgwɛrθʊr ˡmoːx] masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
moch <GWERTH-wir MOOKH> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr ˡmoːx]
1 pig dealer
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) pigs” (gwerthwr = seller) + (moch = pigs)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr nwyddau
papur <GWER-thur NUI-dhai, -e, PA-pur> [ˡgwɛrθʊr ˡnʊɪðaɪ,
-ɛ, ˡpapʊr] masculine
noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
nwyddau papur <GWERTH-wir NUI-dhai, -e, PA-pur> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr ˡnʊɪðaɪ,
-ɛ, ˡpapʊr]
1 stationer
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) goods (of) paper” (gwerthwr = seller) + (nwyddau
= goods, products) + (papur = paper)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr papurau
newydd <GWER-thur pa-PII-rai, -e, NEU-idh> [ˡgwɛrθʊr paˡpiˑraɪ,
-ɛ, ˡnɛʊɪð] masculine
noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
papurau newydd <GWERTH-wir pa-PII-rai, -e, NEU-idh> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr paˡpiˑraɪ,
-ɛ, ˡnɛʊɪð]
1 (USA: newsdealer) (Englandic: newsagent)
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) newspapers” (gwerthwr = seller) + (papurau
newydd = “papers (of) what-is-new)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr pethau
ail law <GWER-thur PEE-thai, -e, ail-LAU> [ˡgwɛrθʊr ˡpeˑθaɪ,
-ɛ, aɪl ˡlaʊ] masculine
noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
pethau ail law <GWERTH-wir PEE-thai, -e, ail-LAU> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr ˡpeˑθaɪ,
-ɛ, aɪl ˡlaʊ]
1 second-hand dealer
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) second-hand things” (gwerthwr = seller) + (pethau
= things) + (ail law = second hand)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr pob
peth <GWER-thur poob PEETH> [ˡgwɛrθʊr poːb ˡpeːθ] m
PLURAL gwerthwyr
pob peth <GWERTH-wir poob PEETH> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr poːb ˡpeːθ]
1 general dealer = shopkeeper who has a
general store
2 Cf. siop bob peth general
store, general stores = shop selling a wide variety of merchandise – food,
clothing, hardware, stationery, newspapers, etc
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) every thing” (gwerthwr = seller) + (pob =
every) + (peth = thing)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr pysgod <GWER-thur Pə-skod> [ˡgwɛrθʊr ˡpəskɔd] masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
pysgod <GWERTH-wir Pə-skod> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr ˡpəskɔd]
1 fishmonger
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) fish” (gwerthwr = seller) + (pysgod =
fishes)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr tir a
thai <GWER-thur-TIIR-a-THAI> [ˡgwɛrθʊr ˡtiːr
a ˡθaɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
tir a thai <GWERTH-wir TIIR a-THAI> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr ˡtiːr
a ˡθaɪ]
1 (USA: realtor) (Englandic: estate agent)
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) land and houses” (gwerthwr = seller) + (tir =
land) + (a = and) + spirant mutation + (tai = houses)
:_______________________________.
gwerthwr
yswiriant <GWER-thur-ə-SWIR-yant> [ˡgwɛrθʊr əˡswɪrjant]masculine noun
PLURAL gwerthwyr
yswiriant <GWERTH-wir ə-SWIR-yant> [ˡgwɛrθwɪr əsˡwɪrjant]
1 insurance salesman
ETYMOLOGY: “seller (of) insurance” (gwerthwr = seller) + (yswiriant =
insurance)
:_______________________________.
gwerthyd,
gwerthydau <GWER-thid, gwer-THƏ-dai, -e> [gwɛrθɪd, gwɛrˡθədaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 spindle
y werthyd the spindle
:_______________________________.
Gwerthyr <GWER-thir> [ˡgwɛrθɪr] (masculine noun)
1 (north-west) PLACE NAMES = fort
In a note on a Pictish tribe known as VERTURIONES … “The older etymology (Stokes, Holder,
Rhys, Watson CPNS 68-69) connected the name with a supposed Welsh gwerthyr 'fortress', but
Williams and others have doubted if such a word existed. It is found in local
names but without early attestation, and seems not to be recorded in literature
until 1753 (Thomas Richards's dictionary), after which it was used by
antiquarians”
A.L.F RIVET & Colin SMITH : The place-names of Roman Britain (1979),
pp496-7
:_______________________________.
gweryd <GWEE-rid> [ˡgweˑrɪd] masculine noun
PLURAL <gwe-RƏ-dai, -e> [ˡgwɛrədaɪ, -ɛ] gwerydau
1 earth, soil
Cafodd ei gladdu yng ngweryd y llan
He was buried in the churchyard (“in the soil of the parish church”)
2 grave
3 (county of
Penfro) manure
gweryd cwdyn artificial fertiliser (“fertiliser (of) bag”)
4 cemetery (Aber-dâr)
Byddai ein Gweryd (Cemetery), ein Park, a’n Coleg - St. Michael’s - hen balasdy
y Fothergills, yn addurn i unrhyw dref yn Nghymru (Geninen 1901 / tudalen
50 / Dyffryn Cynon / Jenkin Howell)
Our cemetery, our park, and our college – St. Michael’s – the old Fothergill
mansion – would be an asset to any town in Wales
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
from the same British root: Cornish gweres (= earth, soil)
:_______________________________.
gwerydo <gwer-RƏ-do> [gwɛˡrədɔ] verb
1 to manure
gwerydu’r tir to manure the land (county of Penfro) gwerido
ETYMOLOGY: (gweryd- < gweryd = manure) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gweryru [gwe-RƏ-ri]
gweryru <gwe-RƏ-ri> [gwɛˡrərɪ] (verb)
1 whinny, neigh (horse)
2 In Bae Malltraeth
(“(the) bay (of) Malltraeth”) off Llangadwaladr (SH3869) there is a rock shaped
like a mare called Caseg Falltraeth (“(the) mare (of) Malltraeth”)
(Note: in the north-west caseg > casag)
A number of smaller rocks between Y Gaseg (the mare) and the shore are
called Yr Ebolion (= the foals)
The rock has a cleft; and locally it is said Mae’r gasag yn gweryru (the
mare is neighing) when in a storm the sea rushes through the cleft, producing
an odd sound (From an article by Tomos Roberts in “Ar Draws Gwlad – Ysgrifau ar
Enwau Lleoedd” / Gwynedd O. Pierce, Tomos Roberts, Hywel Wyn Owen / 1997 /
Gwasg Carreg Walch)
:_______________________________.
Gwesbyr <GWE-spir> [ˡgwɛspɪr]
1 (SJ1183) locality in the county of
Y Fflint
ETYMOLOGY: Recorded in the year 1086 as Westberie (an English name =
western farmstead; corresponds to modern English (west) + (bury =
(place names) fort)
:_______________________________.
gwest <GWEST> [ˡgwɛst]
PLURAL gwesti, gweston <GWES-–ti, ton> [ˡgwɛs
–tɪ, tɔn]
1 (obsolete) night’s lodging
2 (obsolete) feast
3 (obsolete)
food-rent, provisions for the king and his court
4 gwestai guest
gwesty hotel
gwestyn darling
garddwest garden fête (such as a church festival held in a rectory
garden)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *west-
Related to Latin vesco, vescor (= to feed, to eat)
From the same British root:
Cornish gwest (= lodging),
Breton banvez (= banquet, wedding feast) (ban ?element meaning
‘woman’’, as in Irish (see below) bean + gwes)
From the same Celtic root:
Irish feis (= lodging, festival), banais (= wedding feast) (bean?
= woman) + (feis)
Possibly two words of different origins have been confused (*wes = stay,
spend the night, live; as in dirwest = abstemiousness) and (*we =
to enjoy oneself, to feast)
:_______________________________.
gwestai,
gwesteion <GWE-stai, gwe-STEI-on> [ˡgwɛstaɪ,
gwɛˡstəɪɔn] (masculine noun)
1 guest
llyfr gwesteion guest book
tocyn gwestai, tocynnau gwesteion guest ticket
gwestai arbennig special guest
:_______________________________.
gwesti < gwest
:_______________________________.
gweston < gwest
:_______________________________.
gwesty (plural gwestyau, gwestai) <GWE-sti> [ˡgwɛstɪ] <gwe-STII-ai,
-e, GWE-stai, GWE-ste> [gwɛˡstiˑaɪ, ˡgwɛstaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 hotel
ETYMOLOGY: “house of guests” (gwest = guest) + soft mutation
+ (ty^ house) > gwest-dy > > gwesty
, :_______________________________.
gwestywr (plural gwestywyr) <gwe-STII-ur,
gwe-STI-wir>
[gwɛˡstiʊr, gwɛˡstɪwɪr]
1 hotel owner, hotel manager
:_______________________________.
gweu <GWEI> [gwəɪ] (verb)
1 to knit
:_______________________________.
gweud <GWEID> [gwəɪd] (verb)
1 (South Wales) to say
(1) standard colloquial dweud <DWEID> [dwəɪd]
(2) (North Wales) deud
<DEID> [dəɪd]
:_______________________________.
gweudneudwr
<gwəid-NəID-ur> [gwəɪdˡnəɪdʊr] masculine noun
1 (not in general
use) South-westerner; word invented by Iolo Morganwg c1822 to describe the
people from the county of Caerfyrddin.
In common with the south-easterners, people use the word gweud = to say,
(unlike in the north where it is deud, and in standard colloquial Welsh dweud);
But in the south-west, unlike the people of the old county of Morgannwg in the
south-east, people use neud (= to do, a reduced form of gneud
< gwneud, this latter one being the standard spoken form).
In Morgannwg it is nithur (< gwnithur < gwneuthur)
ETYMOLOGY: “(a person who says “gweud” and “neud”) (gweud = to say) + (neud
= to do) + (-wr = agent suffix);
or possibly, but unlikely, (gweud = to say) + soft mutation + (gneud
= to do)
:_______________________________.
gweundir <GWEIN-dir> [ˡgwəɪndɪr] (masculine noun)
1 moorland
(gweun- < gwaun = meadow) + soft mutation + (tir =
land)
:_______________________________.
gweunwellt <GWEIN-welht> [ˡgwəɪnwɛɬt] masculine noun
1 meadowgrass
gweunwellt oddfog (Poa bulbosa) bulbous meadowgrass
ETYMOLOGY: literal translation of English meadowgrass
(gweun- < gwaun = meadow) + soft mutation + (gwellt =
grass)
:_______________________________.
gweuwraig <GWEI-wraig,
-reg> [ˡgwəɪwraɪg,
ˡgwəɪrɛg] feminine
noun
PLURAL gweuwragedd <gwei-wRAA-gedh> [gwəɪˡwrɑˑgɛð]
1 knitter
y weuwraig the kitter
gweuwraig hosannau stocking knitter
ETYMOLOGY: (gwe- stem of gweu = to knit) + (-wraig =
woman)
:_______________________________.
gwëwr <GWEE-ur> [ˡgweˑʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL gwëwyr [GWE-wir> [ˡgwɛwɪr]
1 knitter
gwëwr hosannau stocking knitter
ETYMOLOGY: (gwe- stem of gweu = to knit) + (-wr = man)
:_______________________________.
gwewyr [GWE-wir> [ˡgwɛwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 pain
2 mewn gwewyr in torment
ETYMOLOGY: ge
yr < g
ey
yr < (g
ay
= spear; Middle Welsh: pain) + (-yr)
..a/ a > e due
to the influence of the final y (vowel affection)
..b/ there was simplification in the penult of the diphthing ey >
simple vowel e
:_______________________________.
gwehydd <GWEE-idh> [ˡgweˑɪð] masculine noun
PLURAL gwehyddion,
gweyddion <gwe-HƏDH-yon, gwe-ƏDH-yon> [gwɛˡhəðjɔn, gwɛˡəðjɔn]
1 weaver
2 as an eptithet, wëydd
Tir Tom Wëydd “the land of Tom the Weaver”, in an indenture relating
toLlangyfelach:
Calendar of Deeds and Documents Volume 1, The Coleman
Deeds, Francis Green, 1921, p. 215:
(1636) a messuage , &c, in the said parish of Llangevelach called Tir Tom
weidd
Also gwehydd, gwydd
gwe- < gweu + -ydd
:_______________________________.
gwg <GUUG> [guːg] masculine noun
1 frown, scowl =
angry expression
dod o dan wg (rhywun) incur the disapproval of
bod â’ch gwg ar show disapproval of, take a dim view of
Roedd â’i wg ar yr holl beth He took a dim view of the whole thing (“he
was with his frown on / disapproval of the whole thing”
dangos gwg at (North Wales) frown at, show disapproval of (“show frown /
disapproval towards”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British > Celtic *weik-
From the same Celtic root: Irish fíoch = anger, fury
:_______________________________.
Gwgan <GUU-gan> [ˡguˑgan]
1 man’s name
2 Hafodwgan
“hafod Wgan” (“(the) summer-farm (of) Gwgan”)
The name of this summer farm in Y Pil (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) went
through a series of changes over the centuries, until it became Hafod-deca ;
now it is found as a street name Hafod-decaf (qv) in Y Pil (“Hafod
Decaf” in the street guides)
This distortion of the name means (“(the) fairest summer-farm”) (See”HAFOD and
HAFOTY in Welsh Place-names” / Melville Richards)
:_______________________________.
gwgol <GUU-gol> [ˡguˑgɔl] masculine noun
PLURAL gwgolau <gu-goo-le> [gʊˡgoˑlaɪ, -ɛ]
1 googol = 10100 (1 followed by
a hundred zeros)
ETYMOLOGY: name invented by an American mathematician E. Kasner 1878-1955. Googol is apparently the origin of the name of the
search engine Google (an invented alternative spelling)
:_______________________________.
gwgu <GUU-gi> [ˡguˑgɪ]
1 to frown
:_______________________________.
Sumbolau: ā ǣ ē ī ō ū / ˡ ɑ æ ɛ ɪ
ɔ ʊ ə ɑˑ eˑ iˑ oˑ uˑ ɑː
æː eː iː oː uː / ɥ / ð ɬ ŋ ʃ ʧ θ
ʒ ʤ / aɪ ɔɪ əɪ
ɪʊ aʊ ɛʊ əʊ / ә
ʌ ŵ ŷ ẃ ŵŷ ẃỳ ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ
ẁ ẃ ẅ Ẁ £
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