kimkat1040e A Welsh to
English Dictionary in scroll-down format. Geiriadur Cymraeg a Saesneg ar
fformat sgrolio-i-lawr.
06-08-2021
12.00
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● ● ● ● kimkat1818e Cyfeirddalen y geiriadur hwn /
Index to the online dictionary
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_mynegai_1818e.htm
● ● ● ● ● kimkat1040e This page / Y tudalen hwn
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cr- ‹-›
1 cr- < c’r- contraction of (k + vowel + r)
...1. Carannog (saint’s name) > Crannog
(in the place name Llangrannog)
...2. Caradog (man’s name) > Cradog
(as such in the surname Cradog
(“descendant of ap Caradog”), Englished as “Craddock”)
...3. careiau > c’reiau > c’riau > crie
/ cria (= shoelaces) (colloquial forms)
...4. cerydd (older Welsh) > crydd
(modern Welsh form) (cobbler, shoemaker)
Cf Bretó kere (= cobbler, shoemaker)
...5. coranau > c’ranau > crane, crana plural form of coran. This is a colloquial form of coron (= crown)
:_______________________________.
cra [kra:]
<kraa› masculine noun
1 (North Wales) = craf (qv) ramsons (broad-leaved wild garlic)
(Allium ursinum)
In monosyllables the final [v] is lost in the north – cf gof / go (=
smith), haf / ha (= summer), etc
Coed-y-cra SJ2270 (farm in Sir y Fflint) (“(the) wood (of) the
ramsons”).
Pant-y-cra street name, Tabor, Dolgellau (spelt as “Pant y Cra” on the
street sign) (“(the) hollow (of) the wild garlic”)
:_______________________________.
crac, craciau ‹KRAK,
KRAK ye› (masculine noun)
1 crack, split
:_______________________________.
crachach [‘kra·xax]
‹KRAA khakh› (plural noun)
1 (literally ‘little scabs’) name for Welsh people who admire and
adopt the language and customs of the English, and look down with arrogance on
their fellow Welsh people; affected anglicised or semi-anglicised middle-class
Welsh people
:_______________________________.
crachdderwen ‹krakh-DHER-wen›
1 (“stunted oak”) Another name for derwen digoes (Quercus
petraea) sessile oak
ETYMOLOGY: (crach = small, stunted) + soft mutation + ( derwen
= oak)
:_______________________________.
Y Crachdir [ə
‘kraxdir] <ə KRAKH-dir›
1 name of a farm in Brymbo (Wrecsam)
:_______________________________.
crachen,
crachennau ‹KRAA khen, kra KHE ne› (feminine noun)
1 scab (on a wound)
y grachen = the scab
:_______________________________.
cr’adur (cradur)
1
= creadur
:_______________________________.
craf ‹kraav› masculine noun
1 ramsons (broad-leaved wild garlic) (Allium
ursinum). A wild relative of chives.
The standard Welsh name for Allium ursinum is craf y geifr
Alternative English names, besides ransoms, for Allium ursinum are
buckrams, wild garlic, broad-leaved garlic, wood garlic or bear's garlic
(delwedd 7009)
(Allium sativum)
English name: garlic
Standard Welsh name: garlleg
Alternative name:
craf y gerddi (“(the) garlic (of)
the gardens”)
(Allium scorodoprasum)
English name: Sand leek.
Welsh names:
craf y nadroedd (“(the) garlic (of)
the snakes”)
craf y natred (south-west) (“(the)
garlic (of) the snakes”)
(Allium ursinum)
English name: ramsons
Welsh name:
craf y geifr (“(the) garlic (of) the
goats”)
(Allium vineale) English names: wild garlic, buckrams, wild garlic, broad-leaved garlic,
wood garlic or bear's garlic
The standard Welsh name of Allium vineale is garlleg gwyllt (“wild garlic”), but it is also known as:
craf y ºborfa (“(the) garlic (of)
the pasture”).
craf y meysydd (“(the) garlic (of)
the fields”).
2 (North Wales) cra
In monosyllables the final ‹v› is lost in the north – cf gof / go (=
smith), haf / ha (= summer), etc
Coed y Cra (wood in Sir y Fflint) (“(the) wood (of) the ramsons”).
Pant-y-cra street name, Tabor, Dolgellau (“Pant y Cra”) (“(the) hollow
(of) the wild garlic”)
3 SH7662 Afon Crafnant river in the county of Conwy, flowing
north-east from the reservoir Llyn Crafnant, and joining the river Conwy north
of Tréfriw “the valley / stream of the ramsons / wild garlic”
(craf = ramsons / wild garlic) + (nant = stream, valley)
4 crafgoed wood with (Allium ursinum) ramsons or wild garlic
(craf = ramsons / wild garlic) + soft mutation + (coed = wood)
5 craflwyn wood with (Allium ursinum) ramsons or wild garlic
(craf = ramsons / wild garlic) + soft mutation + (llwyn = wood)
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Irish CREAMH [kra:] (= wild garlic, ramsons)
From the same Indoeuropean root: Greek KRÓMMYON (= onion), as in English CROMNIOMANCY (= divination using onions
or onion sprouts); English RAMSON (from a plural form understood as a singular
form) < Old English (singular form) HRAMSA (= broad-leafed garlic), Russian
CHEREMSHA (= wild garlic), also used in English to mean ‘Siberian Onion Salad’.
:_______________________________.
crafanc,
crafangau ‹KRAA vangk, kra VA nge› (feminine noun)
1 claw
y grafanc = the claw
morthwyl crafanc clawhammer (“hammer (of) claw”)
2
talon
crafanc y frân buttercup Ranunculus
repens (= (the) talon (of) the crow)
NOTE: [ Olde Cheshire Dialecte. http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm
crow-foot: a buttercup ]
crafanc yr eryr celery-leaved buttercup Ranunculus sceleratus (= (the) talon (of) the eagle)
3 (crab) pincer, claw
crafan cranc a crab’s claw, a crab’s
pincer
:_______________________________.
crafangog ‹ kra- VA -ngog› adj
1
clawed
ETYMOLOGY: (crafang- < crafanc = claw) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
crafangu ‹kra
VA ngi› (verb)
1 to claw
2 crafangu am wellt ‹kra-va-ngi am welht ›
(“claw for straws”) clutch at straws; seek a solution to a problem
out of desperation, although the proposed solution is unlikely to be successful
(crafangu = to claw) + (am = around; for) + soft mutation + (gwellt = straw)
:_______________________________.
crafangus ‹cra-VA-ngis› adjective
1 money-grubbing
2 grabbing
ETYMOLOGY: (crafang-, stem of crafangu = to claw, to grab with the
claws) + (-us adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
craffu ‹KRAA
fi› (verb)
1 craffu ar (rywbeth) = observe
(something) closely
:_______________________________.
crafgoed ‹KRAV
-goid› masculine noun
1 wood with (Allium ursinum) ramsons or wild garlic
ETYMOLOGY: (craf = ramsons / wild garlic)
+ soft mutation + (coed = wood)
:_______________________________.
crafiad,
crafiadau ‹KRAV yad, jrav YÂ de› (masculine noun)
1 scratch
cael crafiad ar eich llaw scratch
your hand (= get a scratch, be scratched on the hand)
:_______________________________.
craflwyn ‹KRAV-luin› masculine noun
1 wood with (Allium ursinum) ramsons or wild garlic
ETYMOLOGY: (craf = ramsons / wild garlic)
+ soft mutation + (llwyn = wood)
:_______________________________.
Crafnant ‹KRAV
-nant›
1 SH7662 Afon Crafnant river in the county of Conwy, flowing north-east from the reservoir Llyn Crafnant, and joining the
river Conwy north of Tréfriw
Llyn Crafnant a lake / reservoir from which the Crafnant river flows
In the village of Rhos (county of Conwy) there is a road called
“Crafnant Road” (which would be Ffordd Crafnant in Welsh)
ETYMOLOGY: “the valley (or stream) of the ramsons
/ wild garlic” (craf = ramsons / wild garlic) + (nant = stream)
:_______________________________.
cragen, cregyn / cragennau ‹KRAA gen, KREE gin / kra GE ne› (feminine noun)
1 shell
y gragen = the shell
2
mynd i’ch cragen withdraw into yourself,
go into your shell (“go to your shell”)
dod o’ch cragen come out of one’s
shell
3 pysgodyn cragen PLURAL pysgod cregyn shellfish
:_______________________________.
cragenbysgodyn ‹kra-gen-bə-
SKOO -din› masculine noun
PLURAL cragenbysgod
‹kra-gen-BƏ--skod›
1 shellfish
ETYMOLOGY: (cragen = shell) + soft
mutation + (pysgodyn = fish)
:_______________________________.
craig, creigiau ‹KRAIG,
KREIG ye› (feminine noun)
1 cliff, crag, rock. Frequent element in place names.
y graig = the rock, the cliff, the
crag
2 bod mor sefydlog â’r graig be as steady as a rock
3 rock = someone who is dependable, unchanging, reliable
Salmau 62:5 O fy enaid, disgwyl wrth
DDUW yn unig: canys ynddo ef y mae fy ngobaith. (62:6) Efe yn unig yw fy nghraig, a'm hiachawdwriaeth: efe yw fy amddiffynfa:
ni'm hysgogir.
Psalms 62:5 My soul, wait thou only upon God; for my expectation is from
him.(62:6) He only is my rock and my salvation: he is my defence; I shall not
be moved.
4 bod yn graig o arian have spadefuls of money,
have loads of money, be as rich as Croesus
(“be a rock of money”)
:_______________________________.
Craig Berth-lwyd ‹kraig
berth-LUID›
1 hill in Merthyrtudful county, south of Treharris (ST 0996). From
craig y Berth-lwyd, the rock of Y Berth-lwyd farm,
2 Craig-berth-lwyd a district here
ETYMOLOGY: craig y Berth-lwyd = ‘the rock of
Y Berth-lwyd house’ (craig = rock); y Berth-lwyd = (y
definite article) + soft mutation + (perth
= hedge) + soft mutation + (llwyd = gray / grey).
The house is noted on the website ‘British Listed Buildings’ as ‘A Grade II
Listed Building in Treharris, Merthyr Tydfil’, where it is spelt (incorrectly)
as ‘Berthlwyd’.
NOTE: written “Graig Berthlwyd” in the 1800s, with the soft-mutated form graig used as a radical form, probably
reflecting a local tendency (in the south-east) to use certain feminine-gender
words in place-names in their soft-mutated forms where the unmutated form is
more appropriate (craig > graig, gwaun > waun, etc)
:_______________________________.
Craig Ddu ‹kraig -DHII›
1 SH 7010 crag in the
district of Meirionnydd (county of Gwynedd)
2
SH 6152 crag in the district of Dwyfor (county of Gwynedd)
3
crag at Castell ar Alun (county of Bro Morgannwg)
4
crag at Aberogwr (county of Bro Morgannwg)
ETYMOLOGY: black rock; (craig =
rock) + soft mutation + (du = black)
NOTE: See also the form with the definite article (Y) Graig Ddu.
The loss of the
article may be the result of imitation of forms where the unmutated form is
more appropriate, such as Craig y Ffynnon (the crag of the spring /
water-source)
:_______________________________.
Craigwilym ‹pont-
WI -lim›
1 place name in Pen-tyrch (county of Caer-dydd) - name of a
tenement in the year 1666
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) rock (of) William”) ‘craig Wilym’ (craig = rock) + soft mutation + (Gwilym = William);
unless it is ‘craig Gwilym’ without soft mutation, which would be the usual
form in the modern language.
:_______________________________.
Craig-y-don ‹kraig ə DON›
(delwedd 9341)
1 Craig-y-don (spelt as “Craig y Don”). A dwelling in Llan-rug
noted in the 1851 Census.
Address: Craig y Don
Surname: Hughes
Forenames: John
Relationship: Head
Condition: M
Age: 35
Occupation: Carpenter
Place of Birth: CAE(narvonshire)
2 Craig-y-don House name, Rhosneigr (spelt as “Craig y Don”)
3 Ffordd Craig-y-don (spelt as “Craig y Don Road”), Bangor
4 Craig-y-don SH7891 District of Llandudno (spelt as “Craig y Don”)
Thomas Peers Williams came into possession of the land in this district under
the 1848 Enclosure Act. He named it after his estate in Biwmaris called
Craig-y-don. In June 1884 he divided the Llandudno land and other landholdings
in Marl, Llan-rhos and Baecolwyn into small lots and sold them all freehold in the space of three days.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/122489
Craig-y-don, Llandudno
5 Craig-y-don Biwmaris / Beaumaris SH5673, north-east of Porthaethwy /
Menai Bridge
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH5673
CRAIG-Y-DON. We leave the Town [Biwmaris] — proceed on the
new terrace, and soon reach Craig-y-don, the recent creation of that true friend
to his country, the late Owen Williams, Esq. M. P. for Marlow; a delightful
situation, adapted to his wishes, where the Menai wafted his cutters to his
doors, and laid her piscatory tributes almost on his hospitable tables, while
his thriving plantations in return adorn her shores and islands. (Beaumaris
Bay: The Shores of the Menai, and the Interior of Snowdonia; Scenery Unrivalled
in its Comprehensive Variety, The Interesting Objects which it includes, and
the Sublime Prominence of its Features. Richard Llwyd. 1832.) (Spelt
“Craig-y-dòn” in the index).
6 Craig-y-don, street name in
Benllech (“Craig-y-Don” on Google Maps)
ETYMOLOGY:
“(the) rock (overlooking) the sea” (craig = rock, cliff) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (ton = sea; wave)
:_______________________________.
Craig y Pistyll ‹kraig ə
pi -stilh›
1 (SN7185) rocks 3km east of Bont-goch (county of Ceredigion)
Llyn Craig y Pistyll (SN7185) a lake to the east of the rocks
ETYMOLOGY: (“‘(the) rock (of) the waterfall”) (craig = rock, cliff) + (y
definite article) + (pistyll = waterfall)
:_______________________________.
Craig yr Oesoedd ‹kraig ər oi -soidh›
1 the Rock of Ages = Christ
2
cysgu fel craig yr oesoedd sleep like
a log (“sleep like the rock of ages”)
ETYMOLOGY: (craig = rock) + (yr = the) + (oesoedd = ages, plural of oes
= age) (“(the) rock (of) the ages”)
:_______________________________.
crair, creiriau ‹KRAIR,
KREIR yai, -ye› (masculine noun)
1 relic
crair sanctaidd holy relic
crair o’r gorffennol a relic of the past = something outdated and no longer in use; outmoded
custom or belief
Crair o’r gorffennol yw Saesneg Appalachia
The English of Appalachia is
a relic of the past
:_______________________________.
craith ‹kraith› feminine noun
PLURAL creithiau
‹kreith -yai, -ye›
Also: creithen ‹krei-then› (craith) + (-en, diminutive suffix)
1 scar = mark left by a wound, burn
y graith the scar
Roedd ganddo graith fawr o’r glust dde
at ei ên
He had a big scar from his right ear to his chin
creith las (pl) creithiau glas, creithiau gleision blue
scar (on the skin of a miner) (CRAITH = scar) + soft mutation G > ZERO +
(GLAS = blue)
2 scar = memory of a painful experience, emotional hurt
Fe dorrodd fy nghalon ac mae’r graith yn
aros o hyd
She broke my heart and the scar is still there
Darllennais yr hen lythyrau y bore ’ma
ac mae’r hen graith wedi’i hagor eto
This morning I read the old letters and the old scar has opened again
3 craith brech (pl) creithiau brech = pockmark, scar in the
form of an indentation in the skin from the healing of a smallpox pustule
craith y frech
creithiog pock-marked
4 darn in a woolen garment (Englandic: woollen garment)
rhoi craith mewn hosan (Seren Cymru 20 Gorffennaf 1866) mend a hole in a stocking / sock, darn a stocking / sock, put a darn in a
stocking / sock
(= “ put (a) darn in (a) stocking / sock”)
bod yn llawn creithiau be full of darns
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Breton kleizenn
(= scar)
From the same Celtic root: Irish créacht
[k’r’e:xt] (nf) (= wound)
:_______________________________.
cranc, crancod ‹KRANGK,
KRANG kod› (masculine noun)
1 crab
:_______________________________.
cranclyd ‹KRANGK
-lid› adjective
1 cranky, wayward, eccentric
ETYMOLOGY: (cranc = eccentric
person) + (-lyd, adjectival
suffix)
:_______________________________.
crancsiafft ‹KRANGK -shaft› feminine noun
PLURAL crancsiafftiau
‹krang-shaft-yai, -ye›
1 crankshaft = main shaft in an engine
y grancsiafft = the crankshaft
ETYMOLOGY: English crankshaft (= crank + shaft)
crank (formerly = reel for yarn) < Old English
shaft < Old English sceaft (= arrowshaft, etc);
Cf German der Schaft (= axe handle)
Besides its cognates in the Germanic languages, shaft is related to
,,1/ Latin scâpus (= shaft),
..2/ Greek skeptron (= staff); (skeptron has given English scepter, sceptre)
:_______________________________.
crand ‹krand› adjective
1 grand = imposing, majestic
Yng nghanol tref Livorno yn yr Eidal
saif ty crand lle bu
teulu Thomas Lloyd yn byw,
a hwnnw bellach yw
canolfan clwb tenis Livorno
In the middle of the town of Livorno in Italy there is an imposing house where
the family of Thomas Lloyd lived which nowadays is the Livorno Tennis Club,
2 (hotel, car, etc) grand, ritzy, luxurious, impressive, ornate
aros mewn gwestyau crand to stay in
luxury hotels
3 (clothes) smart, elegant, showy, elaborate, impressive, ornate
dillad crand finery, elaborate and
showy clothes
actorau ac actoresau wedi ymgasglu yn eu
dillad crand i ganmol eu gilydd
Actors and actresses gathered together in their finery to compliment each other
gwisgo’n grand dress up in smart
clothes, dress elegantly
merched yn gwisgo hetiau crand women
wearing elaborate hats
4 (appearance) smart
5 imposing, unnecessarily ornate
pam y mae’r Sais mor awyddus i gael
geiriau crand am bethau bob dydd?
why are the English so keen to have (such) grand words for everyday things?
6 splendid, excellent = giving great opportunity for
Blynyddau yn ôl yr oedd Abertawe’n lle
crand am ddrama
years ago Abertawe was a great place for drama
7 (English accent), grand = belonging to the upper levels of a
society
Mae elfen gref o snobeiddiwch ym Mrs
Jones Pant-mawr ac mae hi wastad yn siarad Saesneg gydag acen grandiach na’r
Saeson eu hunain
There’s a strong element of snobbishness in Mrs Jones Pant-mawr and she always
speaks English with an accent grander than that of the English themselves
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh crand < grand < English grand
< Old French grand (= big) <
Latin grandis (= great)
The change g > c of the initial from assuming that the g was a soft mutation
of an original c.
:_______________________________.
crasu ‹KRA
si› (verb)
1 to bake, to toast
:_______________________________.
craswellt ‹kras -welht› masculine noun
1 dry grass
mor sych â chraswellt odyn as dry as dry grass (for heating) an oven / a
kiln
ETYMOLOGY: (cras = dry) + soft
mutation + (gwellt = grass)
:_______________________________.
cratsh ‹KRACH› masculine noun
PLURAL cratshys ‹KRA-chis›
South-west Wales: cretsh
1 manger
drewi fel crash lloi ‘stink like a calves’ manger’
2 tailboard of a cart
3 (North-west Wales) stomach
4 crâtsh = cage (confusion of câtsh (= cage) and cratsh (= manger) ?
mor ’apus a dou ganeri bach miwn crâj
Nin Doi 1918 Glynfab t 39
ETYMOLOGY: English crach
< Old French cresche (= manger) < Germanic. Cf English crib
Modern English (1854) has borrowed the modern French word crèche =
nursery
:_______________________________.
crau ‹krai› masculine noun
1 ( obsolete) blood, gore
2 creulys groundsel, bloodwort. (Senecio vulgaris)
“blood plant” (creu-, penult form of crau = blood) + soft
mutation + (llys = plant)
creulys cyffredin groundsel (Senecio vulgaris)
3 creulon cruel
( creu = penultimate-syllable form of crau) + soft mutation + (-llon
suffix = full; llawn ‹adjective› = full)
4 creulan (obsolete) battlefield (“blood-field”)
( creu = penultimate-syllable form of crau) + soft mutation + (llan
= land)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic.
From the same British root: Cornish krow (= gore, bloodshed, death)
In Hibernian Celtic: Irish cró (= blood, gore)
Cf the English word cruel < Old French cruel < Latin crudêlis
< crûdus (= bleeding)
Related words in other languages:
Greek krea, krewa (= flesh; as in the modern formation creosote),
Sanskrit kravís (= flesh)
English raw
Latin crûdus (= bleeding) > English crude.
Also Latin crûdus (= bleeding) > (bloody meat, uncooked meat, raw
meat) > (raw or uncooked food in general) > Catalan cru (= raw)
:_______________________________.
crau ‹krai› masculine noun
PLURAL creuau, creuon ‹krei
–e, krei-on›
1 (obsolete) hovel
2 (obsolete) pigsty
3 (obsolete) stockade, place of
defence
4 creuddyn (qv) fort
(creu = crau) + soft mutation + (din = fort)
5 Creuwyrion
(modern form: Cororion, Llandygái SH5970, county of Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *krâw-o
From the same British root: Cornish krow (= hut, shed, sty), Cornish
place name Ros-krow Roscrow, (“(the) hill (of) (the) shed”); Breton kraou
(= cowshed)
From the same Celtic root: Irish cró (= enclosure, hovel, pigsty,
sheepfold)
:_______________________________.
crawcwellt ‹KRAUK-welht›
1 purple moor-grass (Molinia caerulea)
(delwedd 7218)
:_______________________________.
Crawcwellt ‹KRAUK-welht›
1 Afon Crawcwellt SH6929
river in Meirionnydd, Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH6929
map, ffoto
:_______________________________.
creadur,
creaduriaid ‹kre A dir, kre a DIR yed› (masculine
noun)
1 creature, animal
2 y cr’adur! the poor
thing!
:_______________________________.
Creaton ‹KRII-tøn
1 village in Northamptonshire, England. Here the clergyman Thomas Jones wrote a number of religious
texts in Welsh, or translated texts into Welsh from English.
He
was born in Cefnyresgair, Hafod, Ceredigion on 2 April 1752. He
was curate of Creaton in Northamptionshire, England, for forty-three years, and
rector for five years until the age of 80/81 in 1833. He died in 1845, and is
buried at nearby Spratton
(delwedd 7610)
..
:_______________________________.
creawdwr,
creawdwyr ‹kre AU
dur, kre AUD wir› (masculine noun)
1 creator
:_______________________________.
crebachiad ‹kre-
bakh -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL crebachiadau
‹kre-bakh- YAA -de›
1 atrophy, withering, fading
ETYMOLOGY: (crebach- stem of crebachu = to shrink, to atrophy) +(-i-ad abstract noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
crech ‹KREEKH› [kreːx] adjective
1 feminine form of crych (= curly;
rippling; rough)
·····(1) As a first element in compound words with a feminine main element
crechwen (= scornful smile), < gwên (= smile)
····· (2) Adjective after a feminine noun – grech.
ffrwd grech ‹fruud
GREEKH› [fruːd ˡgreːx] stream with churning water
Ffrwd-grech SO0227 – farm south-west of Aberhonddu / Brecon (county of
Powys)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=204692
map
There is a road called “Ffrwdgrech Road” SO0328 (which in Welsh would be Heol
Ffrwd-grech) in Aberhonddu, by Ffrwd-grech farm
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/61658
Heol Ffrwd-grech
:_______________________________.
crechwen ‹KREKH-wen› [ˡkrɛxwɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL crechwenau
‹krech-WEE-nai, -e› [krɛʧˡweˑnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 laughter, guffaw, scornful laugh, loud laugh, horselaugh (loud
unrestrained laugh)
y grechwen = the loud laugh
2
nasty grin, scornful smile
ETYMOLOGY: (crech, feminine form of crych = curly, agitated) + soft mutation + (gwên = smile)
:_______________________________.
C’redig ‹KREE-dig› [ˡkreˑdɪg] (masculine noun)
1 a colloquial pronunciation of the man’s name Ceredig
The elimination of an intervening vowel in the sequence C-vowel-R occurs in:
C’radog (Caradog), hence the Englished surname Craddock
Llangrannog, i.e. Llang’rannog a village in Ceredigion,
historically Llangarannog
:_______________________________.
cred, credau
‹KREED, KREE-dai, -e› [kreːd, ˡkreˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (f)
1 belief
2 Cred = the Christian faith;
gwledydd Cred Christendom = the Christian countries
o fewn terfynau Cred in Christendom,
within the bounds of Christendom
:_______________________________.
credu ‹KREE-di› [ˡkreˑdɪ] (verb)
1 to believe
2
Fe fydd yn anodd gennych ei gredu You won’t believe it,
you’ll hardly believe it (“it will be difficult with you its believing”)
:_______________________________.
credyd, credydau ‹KREE-did,
kre-DIID-ai, -e› [ˡkreˑdɪd, krɛˡdiˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 credit
:_______________________________.
crefft, crefftau
‹KREFT, KREFT-ai, -e › [krɛft, ˡkrɛftaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 craft
y grefft = the craft
:_______________________________.
crefftwr,
crefftwyr ‹KREFT-ur,-KREFT-wir› [ˡkrɛftʊr, ˡkrɛftwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 craftsman
:_______________________________.
crefft ymladd ‹kreft ƏM-ladh› [krɛft ˡəmlað] masculine noun
1 martial arts
cwrs crefft ymladd a martial arts
course, a course to learn martial arts
ETYMOLOGY: "craft (of) fighting" (crefft = craft) + (ymladd
= to fight)
:_______________________________.
crefydd, crefyddau ‹KREE-vidh, kre-VƏƏ-dhai, -e› [ˡkreˑvɪð, krɛˡvəˑðaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 religion
y grefydd = the religion
:_______________________________.
crefyddol ‹kre-VƏƏ-dhol› [krɛˡvəˑðɔl] (adjective)
1 religious
:_______________________________.
Creidiol <KREID-yol> [ˡkrɪəɪdjɔl]
1
The bardic name of Jabez Edmund Jenkins 1840-1903, a cleric
(beginning as a Congregationalist Minister) and poet from Gelli-groes,
Mynyddislwyn.
He lived the last twenty years of his life in Y Faenor, then in the county of
Brycheiniog, now in the county of Merthyrtudful, where in 1897 he published an
English-language volume about Y Faenor – “Vaynor, its History and Guide”.
In a housing estate in Mayhill, Abertawe / Swansea, which has streets named
after various poets, there is a Heol Creidiol / Creidiol Road.
ETYMOLOGY: The meaning of his bardic name is obscure.
:_______________________________.
creigddu ‹KREIG-dhi› [ˡkrəɪgðɪ] feminine noun
1 black rock
Y Greigddu place name, Cricieth (county of Gwynedd) (English name: Black Rocks)
Traeth y Greigddu place name, Cricieth (county of Gwynedd) (English name: Black Rock
Sands)
ETYMOLOGY: (creig- < craig =
rock) + soft mutation + (du = black)
?graig-ddú > (accent shift) gráig-ddu > (regularisation of the penult
diphthong ai > ei) gréigddu
:_______________________________.
creigfa ‹KREIG-va› [ˡkrəɪgva] feminine noun
PLURAL creigfaon
‹kreig-VAA-on› [krəɪgˡvɑˑɔn]
1 rocky place
House name in Aber-gwaun (Sir Benfro)
2 rockery (in a garden)
gardd greigfa rockery garden
3 reef = ridge of rocks in the sea, hidden just below the surface or exposed
above the surface
ETYMOLOGY: (creig- < craig = rock) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)
:_______________________________.
creigiau ‹KREIG-yai,
-ye› [ˡkrəɪgjaɪ, -ɛ] (plural noun)
1 crags, cliffs, rocks; plural of craig
:_______________________________.
creigiog ‹KREIG-yog› [ˡkrəɪgjɔg] adjective
1 rocky, craggy, steep
2 Y Mynyddoedd Creigiog
(USA) The Rocky Mountains, the Rockies
ETYMOLOGY: (creig- < craig = rock) + (-iog suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
creigle ‹KREIG-le› [ˡkrəɪglɛ] masculine noun
PLURAL creigleoedd
‹kreig-LEE-oidh, -odh› [krəɪgˡleˑɔɪð, - ɔð]
1 rocky place, crag,
stony ground
Sant Marc 4:5 A pheth a syrthiodd ar greigle, lle ni chafodd fawr ddaear, ac
yn y fan yr eginodd, am nad oedd iddo ddyfnder daear.
Daint mark 4:5 And some fell on stony ground, where it had not much earth; and
immediately it sprang up, because it had no depth of earth:
ETYMOLOGY: (creig- < craig = rock) + soft mutation + (lle = place)
:_______________________________.
Creigmor ‹KREIG-mor› [ˡkrəɪgmɔr] masculine noun
1
house name, Pwllheli
ETYMOLOGY: “sea rock”? The basis seems to be craig y môr (craig = rock) + (y definite article) +
(môr = sea)
> *craig-môr (linking definite article dropped)
> cráig-môr (stress shifts to the first syllable)
> creigmor where ai becoes ei,
maybe in imitation of the name of the shore at Cricieth, Y Greigddu
:_______________________________.
creignant ‹KREIG-nant› [ˡkrəɪgnant] (mf)
1
rocky stream, stream with a rocky bed
ETYMOLOGY: (creig-, penult syllable
form of craig = rock) + (nant = stream)
NOTE: nant is a feminine noun. It was formerly a masculine noun meaning
‘valley’; later it came to mean ‘stream’, and probably took on the same gender
as afon (= river), a feminine noun.
The only example of creignant in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / the
University of Wales Dictionary of Welsh is a plural form from the 1300s (kreicneint
glwys, or in modern Welsh creignaint glwys = pleasant rocky
streams). The gender is given as masculine.
:_______________________________.
Creignant ‹KREIG-nant› [ˡkrəɪgnant]
1 SJ2535 locality in the county of
Shropshire, England, on the Welsh border, near Llangollen / Y Waun /
Croesoswallt (misspelt as “Craignant”)
2 There is a street called Creignant in Nantmel, Powys (misspelt as “Craignant”)
3 Farm SN9178 in the parish of Llangurig, Powys (misspelt as “Craignant”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=250603
map
ETYMOLOGY: See the preceding entry
(unless Cráignant is in fact < Craignánt < Craig-y-nant, “crag
overlooking the stream”, though this seems an unlikely name. Older forms of the
name “Craignant” need to be consulted to be sure of its origin in each case)
:_______________________________.
creigres ‹KREIG -res› [ˡkrəɪgrɛs] feminine noun
PLURAL creigresi
‹kreig- RE -si› [krəɪgˡrɛsɪ]
1 reef
creigres
gwrel, creigresi cwrel coral reef
creigres lanw, creigresi llanw tidal reef
ETYMOLOGY: (creig- < craig = rock) + soft mutation + (rhes = row)
:_______________________________.
creigwely ‹kreig –WEE-li› [krəɪgˡweˑlɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL creigwelyau ‹kreig-we-LII-ai,
LII-e › [krəɪgwɛˡliˑaɪ, -ˡliˑɛ]
1
bedrock, underlying rock
ETYMOLOGY:
”rock
bed”, “a bed made of rock” (creig- < craig = rock) + soft mutation + (gwely = bed)
:_______________________________.
creiriau ‹KREIR-yai,
-ye› [ˡkrəɪrjaɪ, -jɛ] (plural noun)
1 relics; plural of crair
:_______________________________.
creision ‹KREI-shon› [ˡkrəɪʃɔn] (plural noun)
1 plural of the adjective cras
(= baked to a crisp)
2 (noun) crisps; flakes
:_______________________________.
creisionyn ‹krei-SHOO-nin
› [krəɪˡʃɔnɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL creision ‹KREI-shon›
[ˡkrəɪʃɔn]
1 flake, crisp
creisionyn ŷd, creision ŷd ‹IID › [iːd]
corn flake
ETYMOLOGY: (creision = crisp things,
< creision, plural form of the adjective cras = baked to a crisp) + (-yn = singulative suffix)
:_______________________________.
crempogen,
crempogau ‹krem-POOG-en, krem-POOG-ai, -POOG-e› [krɛmˡpoˑgɛn, krɛmˡpoˑgaɪ, -ˡpoˑgɛ] (feminine noun)
1 pancake
y grempogen = the pancake
:_______________________________.
creon, creonau ‹KREE-on,
kre-OON-ai, -OON-e› [ˡkre·ɔn, krɛˡoˑnaɪ, -oˑnɛ] (masculine noun)
1 crayon
:_______________________________.
creu ‹KRƏI› [krəɪ] (verb)
1 to create
creu ymwybyddiaeth o ‹ KRƏI əm-ui-BƏDH-yaith,
-yeth oo› [krəɪ əmʊɪˡbəðjaɪθ,
-jɛθ oː]
make aware of, create an awareness
of
:_______________________________.
creuddyn ‹ KRƏI -dhin› [ˡkrəɪðɪn] masculine noun
1 (obsolete) stockade, place of defence, fort
(creu = crau) + soft mutation + (dỳn / dynn = hill; fort)
2 Place name:
(delwedd 7057)
..a/ Creuddyn (northern
Ceredigion) division (kúmmud / 'cwmwd') of the cantref of Penweddig
Llanfihangel y Creuddyn (SN6676) village in the former kúmmud of
Creuddyn
“(The village called) Llanfihangel (which is in the kúmmud called) Y Creuddyn”
(Llanfihangel = “(the) church (of) Michael Archangel”)
Llanfihangel y Creuddyn parish in northern Ceredigion
Llanbadarn y
Creuddyn parish in
northern Ceredigion
The local pronunciation is “crouddyn” – in south Wales a tonic syllable eu, and
au in monosyllables (dau = two, cau = hollow) are pronounced [ou], preserving
the older pronunciation of this diphthong
This is seen in nineteenth century (anglicised) spellings for the two parishes
Llanbadarn y Croythin = Llanbadarn y Crouddyn / Llanbadarn y Creuddyn
Llanvihangel y Croythin = Llanfihangel y Crouddyn / Llanfihangel y
Creuddyn
Here Llafihangel y Creuddyn is “Llanvihangelycroythin”
..b/ Creuddyn (southern
Ceredigion)
Gwêlycreuddyn view of the Creuddyn stream
Street name in Llanbedr Pont Steffan (county of Ceredigion)
(gwêl = view) + (y definite
article) + (Creuddyn)
Stream names and river names are not preceded by the definite article in Welsh;
the name, if referring to the stream, should be Gwêlcreuddyn gwêl Creuddyn
Pont Creuddyn SN5552 http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/828118
Nant Creuddyn the
Creuddyn brook
..c/ Creuddyn (Llandudno SH7881, county of Conwy)
Penrhyn Creuddyn ‹PEN-hrin
KRƏI -dhin› [ˡpɛnhrɪn ˡkrəɪðɪn]
“Creuddyn Peninsula”,
Llandudno (Conwy) “(the) peninsula (forming part of) (the kúmmud of) Creuddyn”
Creuddyn was one of the
three kúmmuds of the kántrev of Rhos, along with Uwch Dulas and Is
Dulas
Ysgol y Creuddyn name of a
Welsh-language primary school (in Baepenrhyn, Llandudno)
Canol Creuddyn name of a street in
Llandudno (“the) centre (of) Creuddyn”, “(the) middle (of) Creuddyn”)
..d/ Creuddyn a lost stream name in Aber-gwaun SM9537
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SM9537
:_______________________________.
creulon ‹ KRƏI -lon› [ˡkrəɪlɔn] (adjective)
1 cruel
:_______________________________.
creulondeb ‹ krəi
-LON-deb› [krəɪˡlɔndɛb] (masculine noun)
1 cruelty
:_______________________________.
creulys ‹ KRƏI -lis› [ˡkrəɪlɪs] feminine noun
PLURAL creulysiau ‹ krəi -LƏ-shai,
-she› [krəɪˡləʃaɪ,
-ʃɛ]
1 groundsel, bloodwort (Senecio vulgaris)
creulys cyffredin groundsel (Senecio vulgaris)
2 creulys y Wladfa Magellan
ragwort (Senecio smiithi) (“(the) groundsel (of) the Settlement”, that is,
Gwladfa Patagonia, the Welsh settlement in Patagonia established in 1865)
ETYMOLOGY: blood plant (creu-, penult form of crau = blood) +
soft mutation + (llys = plant)
:_______________________________.
criafolen ‹kri-a-VOOL-en› [krɪaˡvoˑlɛn] f
PLURAL criafol
‹kri-AA-vol› [krɪˡɑˑvɔl]
1
(tree) (Sorbus domestica) mountain ash, rowan
Also: pren criafol mountain ash,
rowan
2
mountain ash berry
criawal (South Wales) mountain ash
berries
Also: crafan, crawel, criafon, criawal,
criawol, grafel, cyrafol, crafol
3 There is a street in Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg) called Coedcriafol (spelt
as ‘Coed Craifol’) ‘rowan trees’
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
Possibly criafol (through metathesis
cri- < cir-) < *cirafol
< cyrafol < cyrawol < *cerewol < *cereol
< kêreol-
From the same Common Celtic root: Irish caor
(= berry, rowan berry); caora fíniúna
(= grape),
caorthann (= rowan tree)
QUERY: Bwlch Greolen SJ0923 near Penygarnedd, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/559353
Is this a form of bwlch y griafolen?
“(the) pass (of) the rowan tree”
:_______________________________.
crib, cribau ‹KRIIB,
KRII-bai, -be› [ˡkriːb, ˡkriˑbaɪ,
-bɛ] (masculine or feminine noun)
(North = m, South = f)
Diminutive forms: criban, cribyn
1 comb
y crib (North) = the comb
y grib (South) = the comb
2
ridge of a hill, mountain
Cefn-crib SN6898 Farm near Y Cwrt, Gwynedd
cefn y crib “(the) back (of) the ridge”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=268626
map
Y Grib SO1931
Hill near Pengenffordd, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1168353
3
talgrib (poetry) high ridge
( tal = tall) + soft mutation + ( crib = ridge)
(delwedd 7846)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British >
Common Celtic
Cognates are:
Cornish krib (= comb, ridge, reef of rocks), kribenn (= cock’s comb, honeycomb);
Breton krib (= comb), kribenn (= summit)
Irish cíor (f) (= comb), críoch (f) = boundary,
border
:_______________________________.
cribiad ‹KRIB-yad› [ˡkrɪbjad] masculine noun
PLURAL cribiadau ‹krib-YAA-dai,
-de› [krɪbˡjɑˑdaɪ, -dɛ]
1 (action) comb, combing
rhoi cribiad i’ch gwallt give your hair a comb
ETYMOLOGY: (crib-, root of cribo =
to comb) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
cribin ‹KRIIB-in› [ˡkriˑbɪn] feminine noun
PLURAL cribiniau
‹kri-BIN-yai, -ye› [krɪˡbɪnjaɪ, -jɛ]
1 North Wales rake, hay-rake; in
the south a different word is used: rhaca
y gribin = the rake
2
North Wales (masculine noun) miser, money-grabber, skinflint, grasper
3 In some place names, misspelling of cribyn (= ridge)
ETYMOLOGY: (crib = comb) + (-in)
VARIANTS: (it can also be a masculine noun)
:_______________________________.
cribin fach ‹KRIIB-in
VAAKH> [ˡkriˑbɪn ˡvɑːx] feminine noun
PLURAL cribiniau bach [krɪˡbɪnjaɪ, -jɛ ˡbɑːx]
1 North Wales small rake, hand
rake
:_______________________________.
cribiniad ‹kri-BIN-yad› [krɪˡbɪnjad] masculine noun
PLURAL cribiniadau
‹krii-bin-YAAD-ai, - YAAD-e› [kriˑbɪnˡjɑˑdaɪ, -dɛ]
North Wales
1 raking = act of raking; rhoi
cribiniad i to rake, to give a raking to
2 raking = a quantity (of hay) raked with one movement of the rake
ETYMOLOGY: (cribin = rake) + (-iad)
:_______________________________.
cribinllyd ‹kri-BIN-lhid› [krɪˡbɪnɬɪd] (adj)
1 miserly,
grasping, money-grabbing
ETYMOLOGY: (cribin = miser) + (-llyd adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
cribo ‹KRII-bo›
[ˡkriˑbɔ] (verb)
1 to comb
:_______________________________.
cribyn ‹KRIIB-in› [ˡkriˑbɪn] (m)
1 ridge
2 Y Gribin SH8417 hill north-west of Abercywarch, Gwynedd
Possibly Y Cribyn (= the ridge) confused with y gribin (= the
hayfork), < cribin (f) = hayfork
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/740110
...........................
SH3537 Pontycribyn Farm in Llannor, Gwynedd (“Pont-y-Cribyn”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=303759
ETYMOLOGY: (crib = ridge) + (-yn diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
Y Cribyn ‹ə
KRII-bin› [ə ˡkriˑbɪn] (m)
1 SN5251 Village in Ceredigion
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN5251
Original name: Cribynyclotas (= ridge
of the clods)
See also: cribyn, Cribyn Du
:_______________________________.
Y Cribyn Du ‹ə
KRII-bin DII› [ə ˡkriˑbɪn ˡdiː] (m)
1
SN7548 hill in Cil-y-cwm (county of Caerfyrddin)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=223619 map
:_______________________________.
cric, criciau ‹KRIK,
KRIK-yai, -ye› [ˡkrɪk,ˡkrɪkjaɪ, -jɛ] (masculine noun)
1 crick = muscle spasm in the neck or back
cael cric yn eich gwar get a crick
in your neck
:_______________________________.
criced ‹KRI-ked› [ˡkrɪkɛd] (masculine noun)
1 cricket
2 llain griced cricket pitch
3 cricket (insect)
:_______________________________.
criciedyn, criciaid ‹krik-YEE-din, KRIK-yaid, -ed› [krɪkˡjeːdɪn, ˡkrɪkjaɪd,
-jɛd] (masculine noun)
1 cricket (Acheta
domesticus)
criciedyn hirgorn
brith (Meconema
punctatissima) speckled bush cricket
(cricsyn hirgorn brith)
...................................
criciedyn hirgorn gwyrdd mawr (Metrioptera viridissima) great
green bush cricket
(cricsyn hirgorn gwyrdd mawr)
...................................
criciedyn hirgorn llwyd (Platycleis denticulata) grey bush
cricket
(cricsyn hirgorn llwyd)
...................................
criciedyn hirgorn Roesel (Meconema roeslii) Roesel’s bush cricket
(cricsyn hirgorn Roesel)
...................................
criciedyn hirgorn tywyll (Pholidoptera
griseoaptera) dark bush cricket
(cricsyn hirgorn tywyll)
...................................
criciedyn hirgorn y dderwen (Meconema
thalassium) oak bush cricket
(cricsyn hirgorn y dderwen)
...................................
criciedyn hirgorn y gors (Metrioptera brachyptera) bog bush
cricket
(cricsyn hirgorn y gors)
...................................
criciedyn y coed (Nemobius sylvestris) wood cricket
(cricsyn y coed)
...................................
criciedyn y maes (Gryllis campestris) field cricket
(cricsyn y maes)
...................................
:_______________________________.
cricsyn ‹KRIK-sin› [ˡkrɪksɪn] (masculine noun)
PLURAL crics,
criciaid ‹KRIKS, KRIK-yaid, -yed› [ˡkrɪks, ˡkrɪkjaɪd, -jɛd]
1 cricket (Acheta domesticus)
cricsyn hirgorn brith (Meconema punctatissima) speckled
bush cricket
(criciedyn hirgorn brith)
...................................
cricsyn hirgorn gwyrdd mawr (Metrioptera viridissima) great green
bush cricket
(criciedyn hirgorn gwyrdd mawr)
...................................
cricsyn hirgorn llwyd (Platycleis denticulata) grey bush cricket
(criciedyn hirgorn llwyd)
...................................
cricsyn hirgorn Roesel (Meconema roeslii) Roesel’s bush cricket
(criciedyn hirgorn Roesel)
...................................
cricsyn hirgorn tywyll (Pholidoptera
griseoaptera) dark bush cricket
(criciedyn hirgorn tywyll)
...................................
cricsyn hirgorn y dderwen (Meconema
thalassium) oak bush cricket
(criciedyn hirgorn y dderwen)
...................................
cricsyn hirgorn y gors (Metrioptera brachyptera) bog bush cricket
(criciedyn hirgorn y gors)
...................................
cricsyn y coed (Nemobius sylvestris) wood cricket
(criciedyn hirgorn y gors)
...................................
cricsyn y maes (Gryllis campestris) field cricket
(criciedyn hirgorn y gors)
...................................
grillian criciaid the chirping of crickets
2 bod yn iach fel cricsyn be in rude
health, be as fit as a fiddle (“be healthy like a cricket”)
bod fel cricsyn o iach be in rude
health, be as fit as a fiddle (“be like a cricket of healthy”)
NOTE: Alternative singular forms are criciedyn and criced
An alternative name is pryf tân (= fire insect)
:_______________________________.
crimog ‹KRIM-og› [ˡkrɪmɔg] feminine noun
PLURAL crimogau
‹kri-MOO-ge› [krɪmˡoˑgaɪ, -gɛ]
1 shin
2 obsolete shin-guard
3 obsolete leg; and from this
sense, applied to landscape features: ridge, spur
ETYMOLOGY: (crimp = fragile) + (-og
suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
crimogio ‹krim-OG-yo› [krɪmˡɔgjɔ] verb
1 William Owen-Pughe, in his dictionary 1793/1803, remarks -"crimmogiaw" "to kick shins. It is
a diversion of the Pembrokeshire men; who have meetings for the purpose, where
they attend properly prepared in thick shoes with nails projecting out at the
sides."
The southern form would be in fact crimogo
‹krim-OG-o› [krɪmˡɔgɔ]
ETYMOLOGY: (crimog = shin) + (-io)
:_______________________________.
crimp (1) ‹KRIMP› [krɪmp] adjective
1 crisp, hard;
rhostio yn grimp roast until crisp
bara saim wedi ei ffrio’n grimp fried
bread fried until crisp (fried bread = a slice of bread fried in a frying pan
with boiling mutton / beef / pork fat)
2
godro’n grimp milk dry, milk until
no more milk is forthcoming; also figuratively, exploit (for money, ideas, etc)
until no more remains
3
dry; sych grimp (sych = dry) + soft mutation + (crimp = crisp) bone dry
4
dry (of mouth after drinking too much alcohol)
5
North Wales llosgi’n grimp burn to a cinder, burn to a crisp
ETYMOLOGY: English crimp (= fragile, brittle, crisp) <
Old English "gecrympan" (=
to curl up)
:_______________________________.
crimp (2) ‹KRIMP› [krɪmp] masculine noun
PLURAL crimpiau
‹KRIMP-yai, -ye› [ˡkrɪmpjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 sharp edge
2
ridge, spur
Y Crimpia SH7359 ("the
ridges"; local form of crimpiau
– in north-west Wales a final –au is
pronounced as -a) place by
Capelcurig SH7258 (Gwynedd, North-west
Wales);
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/423029
Capelcurig
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=323521
Pen y Crimpiau SH7359
Nant y Crimp ("stream of the
ridge") stream in Pont-lliw SN6101 (county of Abertawe, South-east Wales)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN6101
Pont-lliw
3
North Wales stingy person; hen grimp ’di hwnnw the one you’re
talking about is an old skinflint
ETYMOLOGY: from the adjective crimp (= fragile, brittle,
crisp)
:_______________________________.
crimpen ‹KRIM-pen› [ˡkrɪmpɛn] feminine noun
1 North Wales miser, skinflint
(woman); crimpyn (man)
2 South-west Wales crisp oatcake,
oatcake baked until it is hard
ETYMOLOGY: (crimp = brittle; miser) + (-en)
:_______________________________.
crimpio ‹KRIMP-yo› [ˡkrɪmpjɔ] verb
NOTE: South Wales crimpio > crimpo
1 verb without an object, North Wales to get scorched
2 verb with an object, South-west
Wales crimpo to air (clothes in
front of the fire)
ETYMOLOGY: (crimp = fragile, brittle, crisp; dry) + (-io)
:_______________________________.
crimpyn ‹KRIM-pin› [ˡkrɪmpɪn] masculine noun
1 something shrivelled up, dried up, shrunken up (by the heat)
llosgi’n grimpyn ("burn
into a crisp (thing)")
...(a) (intransitive verb) (action of the sun, intense heat):
shrivel up, become shrivelled up
...(b) (transitive verb) llosgi
(rhywbeth) yn grimpyn (action of the
sun, intense heat): shrivel (something) up, cause (something) to shrivel up
2
North Wales miser, skinflint (man); crimpen (woman)
ETYMOLOGY: (crimp = (noun) miser, (adjective) crisp, brittle) + (-yn)
:_______________________________.
crin ‹KRIIN› [kriːn] masculine noun
1 withered
2 dry
3 parched, scorched
4 (field names) barren, unproductive
There is a Bryn Crin SH3835 ( “scorched hill”, “barren hill” – if earlier forms do not show a
different origin for this name) in Pwllheli, Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH3835
map
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British <
Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish krin, Breton krin
From the same Celtic root: Irish críon, Manks creen
NOTE: See Crindai, crinfir, Crindy, cringoch, crino, crinsych, crinwellt
:_______________________________.
Y Crindai ‹ə KRIN-dai› [əˡkrɪndaɪ]
Ordnance Survey Map reference: ST3189
1 locality in the county of Casnewydd; (in fact now part of the city of Casnewydd, where formerly there was a mansion called Crindai)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=170463
map, Y Crindai
ETYMOLOGY: probably ‘houses with a roof of withered straw / withered reeds’,
plural form of crindy
:_______________________________.
crindir ‹KRIN-dir› [ˡkrɪndɪr] masculine noun
PLURAL crindiroedd
‹krin-DIIR-oidh, -odh› [krɪnˡdiˑrɔɪð, -diˑrɔð]
1 parched earth, scorched earth, arid land
ETYMOLOGY: (crin = withered,
shrivelled) + soft mutation + (tir =
land)
:_______________________________.
crindy ‹KRIN-di› [ˡkrɪndɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL crindai
‹KRIN-dai› [ˡkrɪndaɪ]
1 obsolete house with thatch of
straw or reeds; see the place name ‘Y Crindai’
ETYMOLOGY: probably ‘house with a roof of withered straw / withered reeds’; (crin = withered, shrivelled) + soft
mutation + (ty = house)
:_______________________________.
Y Crindy ‹KRIN-di› [ˡkrɪndɪ]
1 nickname for the the ‘Bull’s Head’ tavern in Walbrook, London, where a
Welsh literary association (the Gwyneddigion
= “people of Gwynedd”) used to meet at the end of the 1700s and beginning
of the 1800s
(Walbrook TQ3281 – street in the City, north of Cannon Street tube station)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/426534
Eglwys Sant Steffan, Walbrook
ETYMOLOGY: (crin) + soft mutation +
(ty = house). The members
of the society referred to the landlord as Y
Crin ‹kriin› [kriːn], and so the meaning is literally ‘the Crin House’
or ‘Crin’s House’. The nickname could be either ‘wizened, shrivelled’ (from his
appearance), or it could allude to a lack of generosity since it also means
‘stingy, tightfisted’
:_______________________________.
cringoch ‹KRIN-gokh› [ˡkrɪngɔx] adjective
1 (person) red-haired, having frizzy red hair
cringoch (m) red-haired man
2
(hair) red and frizzy
mwng o wallt cringoch a mane of
ginger hair
3
(fox) having a red coat
ETYMOLOGY: (crin = shrivelled,
curled up) + soft mutation + (coch =
red)
:_______________________________.
cringoed ‹KRIN-goid› [ˡkrɪngɔɪd]
1 withered trees
CRINGOED – the white withered trees
p. 262 Collections Historical And Archaeological Relating to Montgomeryshire
and its Borders Volume XXIII 1889
A History of the Parish of Llanbrynmair / Richard Williams FRHS
Chapter XII A Glossary of Local Names
:_______________________________.
crinjio ‹KRINJ-yo› [ˡkrɪnʤjɔ] verb
1 Englishism to cringe = feel
uncomfortable or repulsed from extreme distaste or dislike
Mi fydda i’n crinjio bob tro y bydda i
yn gweld y rhaglen honno
I cringe every time I see that progamme
ETYMOLOGY: English cringe (= feel
distaste) < Old English cring(an)
(= to yield in battle)
This Englishism is crinjo ‹KRINJ-o› [ˡkrɪnʤjɔ] in South Wales
:_______________________________.
crinllys ‹KRIN-lhis› [ˡkrɪnɬɪs] feminine noun
PLURAL crinllys ‹KRIN-lhis› [ˡkrɪnɬɪs]
1 literary word violet, violets
ETYMOLOGY: (crin-, apparently from
Greek krinon = lily) + soft mutation
+ (llys = plant) > *crinlys > crinllys
:_______________________________.
crino ‹KRII-no› [ˡkriˑnɔ] (verb)
1 wither
:_______________________________.
crinsych ‹ krin
-sikh› adjective
1 dry, dessicated, parched
ETYMOLOGY: (crin = dry, withered) +
(sych = dry)
:_______________________________.
crintach ‹KRIN-takh› m
(North Wales)
1 miser, stingy person
ETYMOLOGY: crintach is possibly < Irish críontach (=
withered-up old person), nowadays in modern Irish críontachán, with the
diminutive suffix –án
:_______________________________.
crintachlyd ‹krin-TAKH-lid› adj
1 stingy, mean,
tightfisted
Fuodd o erioed yn un crintachlyd efo pres
He was never stingy with money
(“never a stingy one with money”)
Rwyt ti wedi mynd mor
ofnadw o grintachlyd
You’ve
become really stingy
ETYMOLOGY: (crintach = miser) + (-lyd adjectival suffix,
often with a pejorative connotation)
:_______________________________.
crinwydden ‹ krin-WØ-dhen› fl
1
withered tree
Llyn y Grinwydden SJ0206, near Llanerfyl. Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/sj0206
map
ETYMOLOGY: (crin = withered,
shrivelled) + soft mutation + (gweydden
= tree)
:_______________________________.
crinwellt ‹ krin -welht› pl
1
withered grass, parched grass
ETYMOLOGY: (crin = withered,
shrivelled) + soft mutation + (gwellt
= grass)
:_______________________________.
crïo ‹KRI o› (verb) (North
Wales)
1 to cry (North)
:_______________________________.
crisial ‹KRI
shal› (masculine noun)
1 crystal
2 clir fel crisial
crystal clear
:_______________________________.
Crist ‹KRIST› (masculine
noun)
1 Christ
:_______________________________.
crist croes, tân
poeth ‹krist krôis taan pôith› -
1 colloquially cris’ croes
tân poeth; said to somebody who doubts the truth of what you are saying (as
in English ‘cross my heart and hope to die’)
ETYMOLOGY: "(the) cross of Jesus, hot fire"; Welsh < Middle
English Cris’-cross, Crist-cross =
Christ’s cross + (tân = foc) + (poeth = calent)
:_______________________________.
crist croes y
Beibl ‹krist krôis ə bei-bil› -
1 colloquially cris’ croes y
Beibl; said to somebody who doubts the truth of what you are saying (as in
English ‘cross my heart and hope to die’)
ETYMOLOGY: "(the) cross of Jesus (on the cover of) the Bible" Welsh
< Middle English Cris’-cross,
Crist-cross (= Christ’s cross)
:_______________________________.
Cristion,
Cristnogion ‹KRIST yon, krist NOG yon› (masculine
noun)
1 Christian
:_______________________________.
critigol ‹ kri- tii -gol› adj
1 critical (Chemistry, Physics) point in a measurement of
some phenomenon at which an abrupt change occurs (100º Celsius is a critical
temperature of water, when it changes from a liquid to a gas)
tymheredd critigol critical
temperature
ETYMOLOGY: (critig = critic) + (-ol
suffix for forming adjectives); imitation of the English word critical
:_______________________________.
criw, criwiau ‹KRIU,
KRIU ye› (masculine noun)
1 crew
:_______________________________.
crïwr ‹krî
-ur› masculine noun
PLURAL crïwyr ‹krî
-wir›
1 crier
2
crïwr tref = town crier, official
who attracts the attention of the public by ringing a bell and makes public
announcements
Also: belman (from English
‘bellman’, man with a bell)
ETYMOLOGY: (cri- stem of crïo = to cry out, to shout) + (-wr agent suffix, = ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
criws ‹krius› masculine noun
South Wales
1 piss up, drinking spree
bod ar y criws be on a drinking
spree
ETYMOLOGY: criws < carws ‹ka-rus› < English carouse < French < Middle French carouse < German (dialectal) gar ûs (= gar aus trinken fully + out + drink, drink up completely)
:_______________________________.
Croateg ‹kro A
teg› (feminine noun, adjective) (language)
1 Croatian
:_______________________________.
croc ‹krok› masculine noun
PLURAL crocs
‹kroks›
1 hen groc (old person)
crock
hen groc dioglyd lazy old fool
2
hen groc crock = useless old horse
3
hen groc crock = old car
ETYMOLOGY: English crock (= old and useless
person / animal / thing); (originally an old decrepit ewe) < Lowlandic
(Scotland), probably Dutch kraak (=
decrepit person / animal); related to Norwegian krake (= unhealthy animal)
:_______________________________.
crocbren,
crocbrennau ‹KROK-bren, krok-BRE-ne› (masculine noun)
1 gallows, hanging tree
:_______________________________.
crocbris ‹krok
-bris›
PLURAL crocbrisiau ‹krok-
bri -she›
1 exhorbitant price
talu crocbris am rywbeth
pay through the nose for something, pay the earth for something
codi crocbris am rywbeth charge the earth for something
ETYMOLOGY: ‘a hanging price’ (crog-, stem
of crogi = to hang) + soft mutation + (pris = price);
(c + p) > g-b
> c-b
cróg-pris
> cróg-bris (qualifying element triggers soft mutation of initial
consoant of the qualified element)
> cróc-bris (in such a combination, the final consonant [g] before the
soft mutation is devoiced [k])
Meaning: query – is this money paid to obtain a pardon and save from
execution on the gallows?
:_______________________________.
crochan,
crochanau ‹KROO-khan, kro-KHAA-nai, -e› (masculine
noun)
1 cauldron, iron pot, cooking pot
2
y tecil yn galw tinddu ar y crochan the pot calling the kettle black, accusing
others of a having some fault which you too have but don’t want to acknowledge
or admit
(“the kettle calling black-arse on the cooking pot”, the kettle saying that the
cooking pot has got a black bottom)
3 bola crochan (South) pot belly
:_______________________________.
crochenydd, crochenyddion ‹kro-KHE-nidh, kro-khe-NƏDH-yon› (masculine
noun)
1 potter
troell crochenydd potter’s wheel
ETYMOLOGY: (crochan-, penult form of crochan = pot) + (-ydd = noun suffix
denoting an agent), vowel affection a > e throught the influence of the y [i] in the final
syllable
:_______________________________.
crochlef ‹ krokh -lev› feminine noun
PLURAL crochlefau
‹krokh- LEE-ve›
1
strident cry, clamour
2
clamour = noisy demand
anwybyddu crochlef barháus Cymry’r fro
am dai fforddadwy
ignoring the constant demand of the Welsh people of the area for affordable
housing
ETYMOLOGY: (croch = loud) + soft
mutation + ( llef = cry )
:_______________________________.
croen, crwyn cróg-bris (masculine noun)
1 skin
2 Does dim gwaith yn eich
croen chi You’re workshy (“there’s
no work in your skin”)
3 croen neidr PLURAL crwyn nadroedd snakeskin
4 mynd o’ch croen lose your
temper, fly into a rage (“go (out) of your skin”)
5 yn gyrn, croen a charnau hook, line and
sinker (“horns, skin / hide and hooves”)
llyncu stori’n gyrn, croen a charnau swallow a story
hook, line and sinker, accept something improbable without questioning it
6
blaengroen foreskin
( blaen = front; fore) + soft
mutation + (croen = skin)
Samuel-1 18:25 A dywedodd Saul, Fel hyn
y dywedwch wrth Dafydd; Nid yw y brenin yn ewyllysio cynnysgaeth, ond cael cant
o flaengrwyn y Philistiaid, i ddial ar elynion y brenin. Ond Saul oedd yn
meddwl peri lladd Dafydd trwy law y Philistiaid.
Samuel-1 18:25 And Saul said, Thus shall ye say to David, The king desireth
not any dowry, but an hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be avenged of
the king's enemies. But Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the
Philistines.
7 cael cyfrinach o groen rhywun prise / wheedle a secret out of somebody (“get a
secret from the skin of someone)”
8 argroen epicarp
(ar = on) + soft mutation + (croen = skin)
9
noethlymun groen stark naked
10 blaidd mewn croen dafad sheep in wolf's
clothing
bod yn flaidd mewn croen dafad be a
sheep in wolf's clothing
11
cael gwlychfa at eich croen get
soaked to the skin
NOTE: In South Wales croen ‹kroin› > cro’n ‹kroon›
:_______________________________.
croenwyn ‹ kroin win› adj
1
white-skinned
pobl groenwyn white people
Mae e’n groenwyn, yn bum droedfedd deg
modfedd o daldra, gyda gwallt tywyll byr a llygaid brown
He is white, five foot ten inches tall with short dark hair and brown eyes
ETYMOLOGY: (croen = skin) + soft
mutation + (gwyn = white)
:_______________________________.
..1 croes,
croesau / crwys ‹KROIS,
KROI se / KRUIS› (feminine noun)
1 cross
2 Y Groes Sanctaidd the
Holy Cross, the Holy Rood
Eglwys y Groes Sanctaidd Holy Cross Church (Name
of a church in Llanor, Gwynedd)
3 croes Geltaidd, croesau Celtaidd ‹krois
GEL tedh, kroi se KEL tedh› (feminine noun)
Celtic cross
4 y Groes Goch ‹ə grois GOOKH› (feminine noun)
the Red Cross (in Moslem countries Y Cilgant Coch, the Red Crescent)
5 gorsafoedd y groes
(Catholic Church) stations of the cross - a sequence of 14 crosses or images in
a church or along on a roadside representing the suffering and crucifixion of
Jesus
6
yn groes i’r cloc anticlockwise
7 ynghroes (arms) folded
â’i freichiau ynghroes with his arms
folded
8 yn grwn ac ar groes completely
(“roundly and on a cross”)
gwadu rhywbeth yn grwn ac ar groes completely deny
something
:_______________________________.
..2 croes ‹KROIS› (adjective)
1 opposite
2 y peth hollol groes i the
complete opposite of
3 Mae hynny’n groes i’w gymeriad It’s out of
character for him (“that is contrary to his character”)
4 croes i’r graen against the grain;
disinclined; disagreeable
bod yn groes i’r graen gan (rywun) wneud
(rhywbeth) be reluctant to do something (= “be against the grain with somebody doing
something’)
In South Wales
as bod yn groos graan gan...
(groos graan (double-vowel spelling
used in this dictionary), gro’s gra’n (standard
notation of a long vowel in colloquial speech in place of an original
diphthong) grôs grân (traditional
indication of a long vowel in place of an original diphthong)
Ma’i’n groos graan gen i... I’m reluctant
to, it bothers me to...
NOTE: In South Wales croes
‹krois› > cro’s ‹kroos›
:_______________________________.
croesair,
croeseiriau ‹KROI sair, kroi SEIR ye› (masculine noun)
1 crossword
ETYMOLOGY:
calque on English ‘crossword’ (croes =
cross) + soft mutation + (gair =
word)
:_______________________________.
Croesawdy ‹kroi- SAW -di›
1 (house name) house of welcome
Cwrt Croesawdy street name. Y Drenewydd (county of Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: (croesaw-, stem of creosawu = to welcome) + soft mutation
+ (tŷ = house)
:_______________________________.
croesawferch ‹kroi- SAU -verkh› feminine noun
PLURAL croesawferched
‹kroi-sau- VER -khed›
1 receptionist (woman)
ETYMOLOGY: (croesaw-, stem of creosawu = to welcome) + soft mutation
+ (merch = girl, woman)
:_______________________________.
croesawu ‹kroi
SAU i› (verb)
1 to welcome
:_______________________________.
Croescwrlwys ‹krois
KUR luis› (feminine noun)
1 ST1174 A suburban district of Caer-dydd. The Welsh name is an adaptation of the English
name, Culverhouse Cross, “the crossroads by the Culverhouse”. A culverhouse is
a dovecote.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/search.php?i=8984554
croes y Cwrlwys “(the) crossroads (at the place called) Y Cwrlwys” < croes Cwrlwys. Strictly speaking, Croes Cwrlwys would be the name of
the crossroads or the junction, and the habitative name, i.e. the name for the
village, would be Croescwrlwys.
The linking definite article is often absent in place names.
Culverhouse is (culver = dove) + (house)
English
culver is from Old English culfer or culfre, from Vuglar
Latin *columbra (with an intrusive r) < Latin columbula (= dove; literally little
dove) < (columb- < columba = dove) + (-ula diminutive suffix)
The Welsh form is cwrlwys is properly cwrlws.
We may suppose the first element was cwlfr,
and the f [v] in the consonant cluster was eliminated (medial [v] is lost in many environments in
certain words in Welsh). This left cwlr, which through metathesis became
cwrl.
The second element is –ws, common in many Welsh words borrowed from
English where house is the second element. It would have been pronounced
in English as [us] and this has been preserved in Welsh, whereas in English
such words have been reformed to give ‘house’ the pronunciation it has as a
simple noun. For example, Welsh bacws (= bakehouse), wyrcws (= workhouse).
In cwrlwys it seems that the final syllable was understood of a local
pronunciation of –wys (in South Wales wy [ui] in a final syllable
is regularly reduced to the vowel w [u]), probably because the word cwrlws
had no apparent sense in Welsh, whereas in bacws and wyrcws
the final element was still recognisably a form of English ‘house’.
E.g. ofnadwy (= awful) > ofnadw, annwyd (= a cold) > annwd.
The “correct” pronunciation was “restored”, but this is an example of
hypercorrection. This process has occurred to in the name Maelgwn (qv),
sometimes appearing as Maelgwyn.
Cf Welsh cwrlid (= coverlet, counterpane)
< Middle English coverlite, from Norman French < Old French “covre-lit” “(it) covers (a) bed” (covre
= it covers, < covrir = to cover) + (lit = bed)
The Welsh form is either from a variant in English, or is a reworking of the
English form:
If it is occurred in Welsh, it would be coverlite > Welsh cwfrlid
> cwrlid (medial [v] is lost in many environments in certain words in
Welsh)
:_______________________________.
croesewl ‹KROIS
-eul› feminine noun
1 (South-east Wales) crossroad. See croesheol ‹krois-heul›
y groesewl = the crossroad
:_______________________________.
croesfa, croesféydd ‹KROIS va, krois VEIDH› (feminine noun)
1 pedestrian crossing
y groesfa = the crossing
:_______________________________.
croesfan,
croesfannau ‹KROIS van, krois VA ne› (feminine noun)
1 pedestrian crossing
y groesfan = the crossing
2 (USA: grade
crossing) (Englandic: level crossing); crossing = place where a railway is crossed.
Also croesfan wastad, croesfannau
gwastad (“level / flat crossing”)
Also croesfan reilffordd, croesfannau
rheilffordd (“railroad / railway crossing”)
croesfan heb ei goruchwylio unmanned
level crossing (“level crossing without its supervising”)
Cadwch yn groesfan yn glir (on
railway warning signs in Wales) < Keep crossing clear>, i.e. do not
obstruct the railway line on the crossing
:_______________________________.
croesfan
reilffordd, croesfannau rheilffordd ‹KROIS
van REIL fordh, krois VA ne RHEIL fordh› (feminine noun)
(USA: grade crossing) (Englandic: level crossing)
:_______________________________.
croesfan zebra ‹KROIS
van ZE bra› (feminine noun)
zebra crossing
:_______________________________.
croesffordd,
croesffyrdd ‹KROIS
fordh, KROIS firdh› (feminine noun)
1 crossroad
y groesffordd = the crossroad
2
Y Groesffordd (“the crossroad”)
..a/ (SH7675) locality in the county of Conwy
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH7675
..b/ street name in Bryncrug, Tywyn (county of Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: (croes = cross, shape
like a plus sign “+” or letter “x”) + (ffordd
= road)
:_______________________________.
croesfwa ‹krois- VUU -a› feminine noun
PLURAL croesfwâu
‹krois-vu-ai›
1 crossbow
y groesfwa the crossbow
ETYMOLOGY: literal translation of English ‘crossbow’ (croes = cross) + soft mutation + (bwa = bow)
:_______________________________.
croesfwäwr ‹krois-vu-AA-ur› masculine noun
PLURAL croesfwäwyr ‹krois-vu-AA-wir›
1 crossbowman
ETYMOLOGY: (croesfwa = crossbow) + (-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
croesheol ‹KROIS-heul
/ KROIS-eul› feminine noun
PLURAL croesheolydd ‹krois-
HEU –lidh / krois-EU-lidh›
South Wales
NOTE: Colloquially in the south-east as
(1) croesol / y groesol ‹krois –ol / ə grois -ol› or
(2) croesewl / y groesewl ‹krois –eul / ə grois -eul›.
(3) Also without soft mutation – y
croesewl ‹ə krois -eul›
1 crossroad – the intersection of two roads
y groesheol = the crossroad
Lle ofnadwy am ysbrydion oedd Croesol
Rhiw Felan yn Nhonyrefail
The Rhiw Felan crossroad in Tonyrefail was a terrible place for (coming across)
ghosts
...(1) Penygroesheol (“(the) top
(of) the crossroad”) Street name in Trelewis (Treharris, county of Merthyrtudful) (misspelt as “Pen-y-Groes Heol”)
...(2) Croesheol y Sblot place in
the county of Bro Morgannwg where Heol y Wig (the Wig road) crosses the road
from Sain Dunwyd to
Llanfihangel y Bont-faen (“(the) crossroad (of) the Sblot”) – (Y Sblot = name of
a nearby farm on the Sain Dunwyd road)
...(3) Croesol Tyn-y-bryn the crossroads
a Tyn-y-bryn; place in Tonyrefail
Dyna Dic yn tynu ein sylw at ganwyll gorff yn dod oddiwrth
Groesol Tyn-y-bryn tua’r Waun-rhydd (Hanes
Tonyrefail - Atgofion am y Lle a’r Hen Bobl. Thomas Morgan. 1899, Caerdydd.
Tudalen 60)
Dic drew our attention to (“There is Dic drawing our attention to”) a death
candle (“candle of body”) coming from Croesol Tyn-y-bryn (the crossroads by Tyn-y-bryn farm) towards Y Waun-rhydd.
2 crossroad – one of the four branches of a crossroad
Dim ond un ty oedd ar Donyrefail y pryd hynny. Roedd yn sefyll yn
nghanol y Pentre, lle y mae pedair o groesheolydd - un yn arwain i’r Cymer, un arall i
Lantrisant, un arall i Glynogwr, a’r llall i Gwm Elái, ac yn arwain i’r
Bont-faen.
(Addasiad o ddarn yn “Hanes Tonyrefail -
Atgofion am y Lle a’r Hen Bobl”, Thomas Morgan, 1899, Caerdydd. Tudalen 46)
There was only one house in Tonyrefail at that time. It stood in the middle
of the village, where there are four crossroads – one leading off to Cymer,
another to Llantrisant, another to Glynogwr, and the last to Cwm Elái, and
going on to Y Bont-faen.
2 croesheolydd
four crosses, four roads – four branches of a crossroad emanating from the
crossroad centre
Croesheolydd farm south of Rhiwderyn, by the road south-west to Pen-y-lan
(query: the name on the map is in standard Welsh; ?the local form is surely “Cro’s-ewlydd”)
ETYMOLOGY: (croes = cross, shape
like a plus sign “+” or letter “x”) + (heol
= road)
:_______________________________.
Croesheol ‹krois-heul
/ krois-eul›
1 place name in Malpas (Casnewydd / Newport)
Thos (Thomas) Howell,
near Croesheol in Malpas (died) 11 Nov 1814 (aged) 81
(Mentioned in Llantarnam Burials 1813-74) http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~monfamilies/llantarnbur1813-74.htm
ETYMOLOGY:
“cross road”, though Y Groesheol (with the
definite article and the soft mutation it causes) might have been expected. It
apparently occurs though as a masculine noun too in South Wales.
:_______________________________.
croesi ‹KROI
si› (verb)
1 to cross
:_______________________________.
croesi’r bont ‹kroi-sir bont› phrase
1 cross the bridge, go over the bridge
2 cross the bridge - said of learners of Welsh who begin to acquire
fluency, be fluent enough to use Welsh with confidence
Croesi’r Bont name of such a book for Welsh learners at this stage of
learning
3 Fe groeswn ni’r bont honno
pan ddown ni ati
We’ll cross that bridge when we come to it, i.e. we’ll consider that
problem at the due time
:_______________________________.
croeslin ‹krois
-lon› feminine noun
PLURAL croesliniau
‹krois-lin-ye›
1 diagonal, diagonal line
y groeslin the diagonal
ETYMOLOGY: (croes = root of creosi = to cross) + soft mutation + (llin = line)
:_______________________________.
croeso ‹kroi -so› masculine noun
1 welcome = a reception
croeso cymysg mixed reception
Croeso cymysg a fu i’r datganiad the statement
had a mixed reception
croeso tlawd a poor reception
croeso oeraidd a cool reception
croeso oerllyd a cool reception
noswaith dda a chroeso (radio presenter,
TV presenter, etc) good evening and welcome
2
croeso! welcome! (word of greeting
to a someone who arrives in a place and who is received with pleasure)
croeso i chi! a welcome to you
Croeso is very common on signs in
Wales. With place names, there is soft mutation (affecting the nine initial
consonants c p t / g b d / m ll rh) after the preposition i (= to)
Cymru: Croeso i Gymru Welcome to
Wales ‹KROI so i GØM-ri› [ˌkrɔɪsɔ ɪ ˡgəmrɪ]
Caernarfon: Croeso i Gaernarfon Welcome
to Caernarfon [ˌkrɔɪsɔ ɪ gaɪrˡnarvɔn]
Note: colloquially Caernarfon is Cyrnarfon [kərˡnarvɔn], Cynarfon [kəˡnarvɔn]
(“Croeso i Gyrnarfon, Croeso i Gynarfon”)
Pwllheli: Croeso i Bwllheli Welcome
to Pwllheli
Tregaron: Croeso i Dregaron Welcome
to Tregaron
Gartholwg: Croeso i Artholwg Welcome
to Gartholwg (“Church Village”)
Bangor: Croeso i Fangor Welcome to
Bangor
Dinbych: Croeso i Ddinbych
Welcome to Dinbych (“Denbigh”)
Merthyrtudful: Croeso i Ferthyrtudful Welcome to
Merthyrtudful
Llandudno: Croeso i Landudno Welcome
to Llandudno
Rhuthin Croeso i Ruthin Welcome to
Rhuthin
Y Drenewydd: Croeso i’r Drenewydd Welcome to Y
Drenewydd (“Newtown”)
Y Trallwng: Croeso i’r Trallwng Welcome
to Y Trallwng (“Welshpool”)
3 croeso i bawb all welcome,
everyone is welcome
4 croeso gwanwyn (“(the) welcome
(of the) spring”) o croeso i'r gwanwyn (“welcome to
the spring”) daffodil
5 welcome = welcoming ceremony
fel rhan o groeso swyddogol y Maoriaid
as part of the Maori welcoming ceremony
6 Bwrdd Croeso Cymru
Welsh Tourist Board (“Board of Welcome of Wales”)
Y Bwrdd Croeso The Tourist Board
7 Croeso Chwe-deg Naw
(“The Welcome of Sixty-nine”)
A celebration promoted by the English Government in the Year 1969 preceding the
Investiture of the English prince Charles Windsor as Prince of Wales in the
castle of Caernarfon
8 rhoi croeso i (rywun) make someone
welcome
9
parod eich croeso welcoming (“ready
your welcome”)
llawn croeso welcoming (“full (of)
welcome”)
10 parti croeso’n ôl
homecoming party (“party of welcoming back”)
11 Does dim croeso i chi yma
You’re not wanted here
(“there is no welcome for you here”)
Mae croeso i chi bob amser You're
welcome any time, You're always welcome
(“there is a welcome for you always”)
12 Can croeso iddo ei wneud
He's quite welcome to do it
("a hundred welcomes for him to do it")
13 mynd yn hyfach na'ch
croeso outstay your welcome
("become bolder than your welcome")
aros yn hwy na'ch croeso outstay your
welcome
("stay longer than your welcome")
14 Mae croeso ichi alw
You're welcome to call
(“there is a welcome to you calling”)
15 â chroeso you're
welcome
â phob croeso you're welcome
-Diolch yn fawr. –Mae i chi bob croeso. -Thank you very much. –You’re welcome
(“there is to you every welcome”)
16 â chroeso with
pleasure! you’re welcome! you’re more than welcome to! (in affirming a request
for a favour)
17 mawr eich croeso
warmly welcomed, greatly welcomed, receiving acclaim
llyfr fydd yn fawr ei groeso a book that will be
warmly welcomed
18 also as a house name, hotel name, etc: Croeso
See also Croesawdy
19 croeso i you’re /
she’s / he’s / they’re welcome to...
Croeso iddo ddod i ’ngweld i unrhyw dro
He’s welcome to visit me at any time
20 Bydd Croeso yn Aros yn y
Bryniau The translation of the title of a twentieth-century
song written in English “We'll Keep a Welcome in the Hillsides”, with schmaltzy
mawkish lyrics and a mournful melody, which is considered in England to be an
emblematic song of Wales.
Apparently addressed to Welsh exiles returning to the old country on a visit.
Some Welsh choirs (I would say to their shame) include this in their
repertoire, though as far as I am aware the ultimate act of degradation - the
song being translated and performed in Welsh – has not yet taken place!
ETYMOLOGY: croeso < croesaw. Etymology unknown. Possibly a
derivative of croes (= cross)
:_______________________________.
croesol ‹kroi
-sol› feminine noun
1 (South-east Wales) crossroad. See croesheol ‹krois-heul›
y groesol = the crossroad
:_______________________________.
crofft ‹kroft› feminine noun
PLURAL crofftiau ‹kroft-yai
-ye›
1 croft, small field by a house
y ºgrofft the crofft
2 Grofft SH8104 house in Glantwymyn (Powys)
y grofft “the croft” (y definite article) + soft mutation + (crofft
= croft)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH8104
map
3 Cefn-rofft SJ0049
farm east of Llanfihangel Glyn Myfyr
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ0049
map
cefn y grofft “(the) ridge (of) the croft” (cefn = back; hill,
ridge) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (crofft = croft)
4 Crofftyperthi SO0969 Farm near Llanddewi Ystradenni, Powys
(“Croftyperthi” on the O.S. map)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=242485
map
crofft y perthi “(the) croft (of) the bushes” (crofft = croft) +
(y definite article) + (perthi bushes, plural of perth =
bush)
ETYMOLOGY: English croft
NOTE: There is also a form where grofft was taken to be the base word,
and the definite article before it has resulted in the form y ºrofft
Mynwent Rofft-wen SH4165 mynwent y Rofft-wen “the cemetery (by) Y
Rofft-wen” name of a cemetery in Niwbwrch (Ynys Môn)
Y Rofft-wen is ‘the white croft’
(y definite article) + soft mutation + (grofft = croft) + soft
mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/835470
Mynwent Rofft-wen
See also crofft
:_______________________________.
..1 crog ‹kroog› feminine noun
PLURAL crogau ‹KROO-gai,
-e›
1 (obsolete) cross
y grog = the cross
2 (obsolete) crucifix
Betws y Grog old name of Ceirchiog (Llechylched SH3476) in Môn. According to Melville
Richards (Enwau Tir a Gwlad, 1998), “mae
crog yn cyfeirio at sgrin yn yr eglwys. Yr enw Saesneg oedd Holy Rood Church.” (= crog refers to a screen in the church. The English name was Holy
Rood Church)
3 crucifixion
Gwener y Grog (literary) (“Friday (of) the crucifixion”) Good Friday.
Usually Dydd Gwener y Groglith
4 Gwyl y Grog Exaltation of the Cross, Holy Cross Day (September 14). Until the
abolition of the practice in 1840 by Pope Gregory 14, Jews in Rome were obliged
to attend a Catholic church on this day to listen to a sermon
5 Gwyl Caffael y Groes (“festival (of) (the) finding (of) the cross”) Invention of the Cross
(May 3)
6 bynsen y Grog hot cross bun (“bun (of) the cross”)
7 lili’r Grog Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum)
8 (obsolete) gallows
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *krok- <
Latin *cruc-a < cruc-em < crux
From the same British root: Cornish krog (= suspension), Breton kroug
(= gallows)
Irish has croch (= cross, gallows) from the Latin crux
:_______________________________.
..2 crog ‹KROOG› (adjective)
1 hanging, suspended
:_______________________________.
crogfa ‹KROG-va› feminine noun
PLURAL crogféydd ‹krog-VEIDH›
1 (obsolete) hanging,
execution
2 (obsolete) place of execution
ETYMOLOGY: (crog- stem of crogi = to
hang, crucify) + (-fa suffix
indicating an action or a place)
:_______________________________.
crogi ‹krô -gi›
verb with an object
1 hang = kill a person by suspending by the neck
Crogai ei fam ta hynny'n elw iddo
(“he'd hang his mother if it would bring him any profit”)
He’d sell his grandmother (= he’s so unscrupulous and greedy for money that
he'd sell his grandmother)
2 hang = (punishment) execute a person by suspending from a tree,
gallows, etc
Esther 2:23 A phan chwilwyd y peth, fe a
gafwyd felly: am hynny y crogwyd hwynt ill dau ar bren. Ac ysgrifennwyd hynny
mewn llyfr cronicl gerbron y brenin.
Esther 2:23 And when inquisition was made of the matter,
it was found out; therefore they were both hanged on a tree: and it was written
in the book of the chronicles before the king.
crogi delw o rywun hang somebody in effigy
Eled i’w grogi! Hang the fellow!
3 (archaic) hang = crucify (See: croglith)
4 cael eich crogi = be
hanged ("get your hanging")
5 crogi eich hun, hang
yourself ("hanging + your + self");
more correctly eich crogi eich hun
("your + hanging + (of) your + self")
6 hang = be suspended
Wedi’r ddamwain ar y bont, roedd y lori
yn crogi uwchláw y ffordd brysur o dan y bont
After the accident on the bridge, the lorry was hanging over a busy road under
the bridge
7 hang = (gate) be suspended from a post
Crogir y llidiart wrth fachau haearn yn
awr, ond gynt troai ar ei
gorddyn wrth wden
The gate now hangs with iron hinges but formerly it swung on its pivots by
means of withy loops
8 crocbren gallows,
gallows tree
(crog-, stem of crogi = to hang) + soft mutation + (pren = tree)
9 North Wales
Dos i’th grogi! Go hang yourself!
Cyngor y Dre! Aed i’w crogi!
The town council! Hang the lot of them! ("let it be gone to hang
them")
10 South Wales cer i grogi! go hang yourself!
("go to hang / to be hanged")
11 Mae llawer ffordd i ladd
ci heblaw ei grogi
There are many ways to achieve one’s aims if one examines the problem properly
("there are many ways to hang a dog besides hanging it")
12 ar eich crogi on your
life (“on your hanging”), even if someone threatens to hang you
Rwi’n addo ar ’y nhrogi na weda i air
wrth neb
I swear on my life I won’t tell another soul ("I promise in spite of my
hanging I won’t tell anybody")
13 tros eich crogi, dros eich
crogi on your life (“over your hanging”), even if someone threatens to hang
you
A i ddim i’w weld o dros ’y nghrogi!
I won’t go and see him even if they hang me
14 mynd i’ch crogi ride for a
fall, do something which will inevitably bring about punishment, retribution
("go to your hanging")
15 crogi, diberfeddu a
chwarteru hang, draw and quarter – kill by hanging, pulling out the
entrails, and cutting off the limbs
crogi a darnu hang and quarter, hang
and cut off the limbs and the head
Rhoddodd y gwarchodlu yno yr hen Spenser
i’r frenhines. Crogwyd
a darnwyd ef, a rhoddwyd ei gnawd i gŵn.
The retinue gave Spenser to the Queen. He was hanged and cut up, and his flesh
was given to dogs.
ETYMOLOGY: (crog = hanging tree,
gallows) + (-i, suffix for forming
verbs); crog < British < Latin
*croc-em (= cross)
From the same British root: Cornish krog
(= hanging, suspension); Breton krouga (=
to hang)
:_______________________________.
croglith ‹KROG
lith› (feminine noun)
1 crucifixion verses, crucifixion text. , text about the
crucifixion; chapters 18 and 19 in Efengyl Sant Joan /
Saint John’s Gospel; later on, chapter 18 was excluded.
PENNOD 18
18:1 Wedi i’r Iesu ddywedyd y geiriau hyn, efe
a aeth allan, efe a’i ddisgyblion, dros afon Cedron, lle yr oedd gardd, i’r hon
yr aeth efe a’i ddisgyblion.
18:1 When
Jesus had spoken these words, he went forth with his disciples over the brook
Cedron, where was a garden, into the which he entered, and his disciples.
18:2 A Jwdas hefyd, yr hwn a’i bradychodd ef, a adwaenai’r lle: oblegid
mynych y cyrchasai’r Iesu a’i ddisgyblion yno.
18:2 And
Judas also, which betrayed him, knew the place: for Jesus ofttimes resorted
thither with his disciples.
18:3 Jwdas gan hynny, wedi iddo gael byddin a swyddogion gan yr
archoffeiriaid a’r Phariseaid, a ddaeth yno â lanternau, a lampau, ac arfau.
18:3
Judas then, having received a band of men and officers from the chief priests
and Pharisees, cometh thither with lanterns and torches and weapons.
18:4 Yr Iesu gan hynny, yn gwybod pob peth a oedd ar ddyfod arno, a aeth
allan, ac a ddywedodd wrthynt, Pwy yr ydych yn ei geisio?
18:4
Jesus therefore, knowing all things that should come upon him, went forth, and
said unto them, Whom seek ye?
18:5 Hwy a atebasant iddo, Iesu o Nasareth. Yr Iesu a ddywedodd wrthynt,
Myfi yw. A Jwdas, yr hwn a’i bradychodd ef, oedd hefyd yn sefyll gyda hwynt.
18:5 They
answered him, Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus saith unto them, I am he. And Judas also,
which betrayed him, stood with them.
18:6 Cyn gynted gan hynny. ag y dywedodd efe wrthynt, myfi yw, hwy a
aethant yn wysg eu cefnau, ac a syrthiasant i lawr.
18:6 As soon then as he had said unto
them, I am he, they went backward, and fell to the ground.
18:7 Am hynny efe a ofynnodd iddynt drachefn, Pwy yr ydych yn ei geisio? A
hwy a ddywedasant, Iesu o Nasareth.
18:7 Then
asked he them again, Whom seek ye? And they said, Jesus of Nazareth.
18:8 Yr Iesu a atebodd, Mi a ddywedais i chwi mai myfi yw: am hynny os myfi
yr ydych yn ei geisio, gadewch i’r rhai hyn fyned ymaith:
18:8
Jesus answered, I have told you that I am he: if therefore ye seek me, let
these go their way:
18:9 Fel y cyflawnid y gair a ddywedasai efe, O’r rhai a roddaist i mi, ni
chollais i’r un.
18:9 That
the saying might be fulfilled, which he spake, Of them which thou gavest me
have I lost none.
18:10 Simon Pedr gan hynny a chanddo gleddyf, ei tynnodd ef, ac a drawodd
was yr archoffeiriad, ac a dorrodd ymaith ei glust ddeau ef: ac enw’r gwas oedd
Malchus.
18:10
Then Simon Peter having a sword drew it, and smote the high priest’s servant,
and cut off his right ear. The servant’s name was Malchus.
18:11 Am hynny yr Iesu, a ddywedodd wrth Pedr, Dod dy gleddyf yn y wain: y
cwpan a roddes y Tad i mi, onid yfaf ef?
18:11
Then said Jesus unto Peter, Put up thy sword into the sheath: the cup which my
Father hath given me, shall I not drink it?
18:12 Yna’r fyddin, a’r milwriad, a swyddogion yr Iddewon, a ddaliasant yr
Iesu, ac a’i rhwymasant ef,
18:12
Then the band and the captain and officers of the Jews took Jesus, and bound
him,
18:13 Ac a’i dygasant ef at Annas yn gyntaf: canys chwegrwn Caiaffas, yr
hwn oedd archoffeiriad y flwyddyn honno, ydoedd efe.
18:13 And
led him away to Annas first; for he was father in law to Caiaphas, which was
the high priest that same year.
18:14 A Chaiaffas oedd yr hwn a gyngorasai i’r Iddewon, mai buddiol oedd
farw un dyn dros y bobl.
18:14 Now
Caiaphas was he, which gave counsel to the Jews, that it was expedient that one
man should die for the people.
18:15 Ac yr oedd yn canlyn yr Iesu, Simon Pedr, a disgybl arall: a’r
disgybl hwnnw oedd adnabyddus gan yr archoffeiriad, ac efe a aeth i mewn gyda’r
Iesu i lys yr archoffeiriad.
18:15 And
Simon Peter followed Jesus, and so did another disciple: that disciple was
known unto the high priest, and went in with Jesus into the palace of the high
priest.
18:16 A Phedr a safodd wrth y drws allan. Yna y disgybl arall yr hwn oedd
adnabyddus gan yr archoffeiriad, a aeth allan, ac a ddywedodd wrth y ddrysores,
ac a ddug Pedr i mewn.
18:16 But
Peter stood at the door without. Then went out that other disciple, which was
known unto the high priest, and spake unto her that kept the door, and brought
in Peter.
18:17 Yna y dywedodd y llances oedd ddrysores wrth Pedr, Onid wyt tithau o
ddisgyblion y dyn hwn? Dywedodd yntau, Nac wyf.
18:17
Then saith the damsel that kept the door unto Peter, Art not thou also one of
this man’s disciples? He saith, I am not.
18:18 A’r gweision a’r swyddogion, gwedi gwneuthur tân glo, oherwydd ei bod
hi’n oer, oeddynt yn sefyll, ac yn ymdwymo: ac yr oedd Pedr gyda hwynt yn
sefyll, ac yn ymdwymo.
18:18 And
the servants and officers stood there, who had made a fire of coals; for it was
cold: and they warmed themselves: and Peter stood with them, and warmed
himself.
18:19 A’r archoffeiriad a ofynnodd i’r Iesu am ei ddisgyblion, ac am ei
athrawiaeth.
18:19 The
high priest then asked Jesus of his disciples, and of his doctrine.
18:20 Yr Iesu a atebodd iddo, Myfi ‘a leferais yn eglur wrth y byd: yr
oeddwn bob amser yn athrawiaethu yn y synagog, ac yn y deml, lle mae’r Iddewon
yn ymgynnull bob amser; ac yn ddirgel ni ddywedais i ddim.
18:20
Jesus answered him, I spake openly to the world; I ever taught in the
synagogue, and in the temple, whither the Jews always resort; and in secret
have I said nothing.
18:21 Paham yr wyt ti yn gofyn i mi? gofyn i’r rhai a’m clywsant, beth a
ddywedais wtthynt: wele, y rhai hynny a wyddant pa bethau a ddywedais i.
18:21 Why
askest thou me? ask them which heard me, what I have said unto them: behold,
they know what I said.
18:22 Wedi iddo ddywedyd y pethau hyn, un o’r swyddogion a’r oedd yn sefyll
gerllaw, a roddes gernod i’r Iesu, gan ddywedyd, Ai felly yr wyt ti’n ateb yr
archoffeiriad?
18:22 And
when he had thus spoken, one of the officers which stood by struck Jesus with
the palm of his hand, saying, Answerest thou the high priest so?
18:23 Yr Iesu a atebodd iddo, Os drwg y dywedais, tystiolaetha o’r drwg; ac
os da, paham yr wyt yn fy nharo i?
18:23
Jesus answered him, If I have spoken evil, bear witness of the evil: but if
well, why smitest thou me?
18:24 Ac Annas a’i hanfonasai ef yn rhwym at Caiaffas yr archoffeiriad.
18:24 Now
Annas had sent him bound unto Caiaphas the high priest.
18:25 A Simon Pedr oedd yn sefyll ac yn ymdwymo. Hwythau a ddywedasant
wrtho, Onid wyt tithau hefyd o’i ddisgyblion ef? Yntau a wadodd, ac a
ddywedodd, Nac wyf.
18:25 And
Simon Peter stood and warmed himself. They said therefore unto him, Art not
thou also one of his disciples? He denied it, and said, I am not.
18:26 Dywedodd un o weision yr archoffeiriad, (câr i’r hwn y torasai Pedr
ei glust,) Oni welais i di gydag ef yn yr ardd?
18:26 One
of the servants of the high priest, being his kinsman whose ear Peter cut off,
saith, Did not I see thee in the garden with him?
18:27 Yna Pedr a wadodd drachefn; ac yn y man y canodd y ceiliog.
18:27
Peter then denied again: and immediately the cock crew.
18:28 Yna y dygasant yr Iesu oddi wrth Caiaffas i’r dadleudy: a’r bore
ydoedd hi, ac nid aethant hwy i mewn i’r dadleudy, rhag eu halogi; eithr fel y
gallent fwyta’r pasg.
18:28
Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it was early;
and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be
defiled; but that they might eat the passover.
18:29 Yna Peilat a aeth allan atynt, ac a ddywedodd, Pa achwyn yr ydych
chwi yn ei ddwyn yn erbyn y dyn hwn?
18:29
Pilate then went out unto them, and said, What accusation bring ye against this
man?
18:30 Hwy a atebasant ac a ddywedasant wrtho, Oni bai fod hwn yn
ddrwgweithredwr, ni thraddodasem ef.atat.
18:30
They answered and said unto him, If he were not a malefactor, we would not have
delivered him up unto thee.
18:31 Am hynny y dywedodd Peilat wrthynt, Cymerwch chwi ef, a bernwch ef yn
ôl eich cyfraith chwi. Yna yr Iddewon a ddywedasant wrtho, Nid cyfreithlon i ni
ladd neb:
18:31
Then said Pilate unto them, Take ye him, and judge him according to your law.
The Jews therefore said unto him, It is not lawful for us to put any man to
death:
18:32 Fel y cyflawnid gair yr Iesu, yr hwn a ddywedasai efe, gan arwyddocáu
o ba angau y byddai farw.
18:32 That
the saying of Jesus might be fulfilled, which he spake, signifying what death
he should die.
18:33 Yna Peilat a aeth drachefn i’r dadleudy, ac a alwodd yr Iesu, ac a
ddywedodd wrtho, Ai ti yw Brenin yr Iddewon?
18:33
Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again, and called Jesus, and said
unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews?
18:34 Yr Iesu a atebodd iddo, Ai ohonot dy hun yr wyt ti yn dywedyd hyn, ai
eraill a’i dywedasant i ti amdanaf fi?
18:34
Jesus answered him, Sayest thou this thing of thyself, or did others tell it
thee of me?
18:35 Peilat a atebodd, Ai Iddew ydwyf fi? Dy genedl dy hun a’r
archoffeiriaid a’th draddodasant i mi. Beth a wnaethost ti?
18:35
Pilate answered, Am I a Jew? Thine own nation and the chief priests have
delivered thee unto me: what hast thou done?
18:36 Yr Iesu a atebodd, Fy mrenhiniaeth i nid yw o’r byd hwn. Pe o’r byd
hwn y byddai fy mrenhiniaeth, fy ngweision i a ymdrechent, fel na’m rhoddid i’r
Iddewon: ond yr awron nid yw fy mrenhiniaeth i oddi yma.
18:36
Jesus answered, My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom were of this
world, then would my servants fight, that I should not be delivered to the
Jews: but now is my kingdom not from hence.
18:37 Yna y dywedodd Peilat wrtho, Wrth hynny ai Brenin. wyt ti? Yr Iesu a
atebodd, Yr ydwyt ti yn dywedyd mai Brenin wyf fi. Er rnwyn hyn y’m ganed, ac
er mwyn hyn y deuthum i’r byd, fel y tystiolaethwn i’r gwirionedd. Pob un a’r
sydd o’r gwirionedd, sydd yn gwrando fy lleferydd i.
18:37
Pilate therefore said unto him, Art thou a king then? Jesus answered, Thou
sayest that I am a king. To this end was I born, and for this cause came I into
the world, that I should bear witness unto the truth. Every one that is of the
truth heareth my voice.
18:38 Peilat a ddywedodd wrtho, Beth yw gwirionedd? Ac wedi iddo ddywedyd
hyn, efe a aeth drachefn at yr Iddewon, ac a ddywedodd wrthynt, Nid wyf fi yn
cael dim achos ynddo ef.
18:38
Pilate saith unto him, What is truth? And when he had said this, he went out
again unto the Jews, and saith unto them, I find in him no fault at all.
18:39 Eithr y mae gennych chwi ddefod, i mi ollwng i chwi un yn rhydd ar y
pasg: a fynnwch chwi gan hynny i mi ollwng yn rhydd i chwi Frenin yr Iddewon?
18:39 But
ye have a custom, that I should release unto you one at the passover: will ye
therefore that I release unto you the King of the Jews?
18:40 Yna y lefasant oll drachefn, gan ddywedyd, Nid hwnnw, ond Barabbas.
A’r Barabbas hwnnw oedd leidr.
18:40
Then cried they all again, saying, Not this man, but Barabbas. Now Barabbas was
a robber
PENNOD 19
19:1 Yna gan hynny y cymerodd Peilat yr Iesu, ac a’i fflangellodd
ef.
19:1
::Then Pilate therefore took Jesus, and scourged him.
19:2 A’r milwyr a blethasant goron o ddrain, ac a’i gosodasant ar ei ben
ef, ac a roesant wisg o borffor amdano;
19:2 And
the soldiers platted a crown of thorns, and put it on his head, and they put on
him a purple robe,
19:3 Ac a ddywedasant, Henffych well, Brenin yr Iddewon; ac a roesant iddo
gernodiau.
19:3 And
said, Hail, King of the Jews! and they smote him with their hands.
19:4 Peilat gan hynny a aeth allan drachefn, ac a ddywedodd wrthynt, Wele
yr wyf fi yn ei ddwyn ef allan i chwi, fel y gwypoch nad wyf fi yn cael ynddo
ef un bai.
19:4
Pilate therefore went forth again, and saith unto them, Behold, I bring him
forth to you, that ye may know that I find no fault in him.
19:5 Yna y daeth yr Iesu allan, yn arwain y goron ddrain, a’r wisg borffor.
A Pheilat a ddywedodd wrthynt, Wele’r dyn.
19:5 Then
came Jesus forth, wearing the crown of thorns, and the purple robe. And Pilate
saith unto them, Behold the man!
19:6 Yna yr archoffeiriaid a’r swyddogion, pan welsant ef, a lefasant, gan
ddywedyd, Croeshoelia, croeshoelia ef. Peilat a ddywedodd wrthynt, Cymerwch
chwi ef, a chroeshoeliwch: canys nid wyf fi yn cael dim bai ynddo.
19:6 When
the chief priests therefore and officers saw him, they cried out, saying,
Crucify him, crucify him. Pilate saith unto them, Take ye him, and crucify him:
for I find no fault in him.
19:7 Yr Iddewon a atebasant iddo, Y mae gennym ni gyfraith, ac wrth ein
cyfraith ni efe a ddylai farw, am iddo ei wneuthur ei hun yn Fab Duw.
19:7 The
Jews answered him, We have a law, and by our law he ought to die, because he
made himself the Son of God.
19:8 A phan glybu Peilat yr ymadrodd hwnnw, efe a ofnodd yn fwy;
19:8 When
Pilate therefore heard that saying, he was the more afraid;
19:9 Ac a aeth drachefn i’r dadleudy, ac a ddywedodd wrth yr Iesu, O ba le
yr wyt ti? Ond ni roes yr Iesu ateb iddo.
19:9 And
went again into the judgment hall, and saith unto Jesus, Whence art thou? But
Jesus gave him no answer.
19:10 Yna Peilat a ddywedodd wrtho, Oni ddywedi di wrthyf fi? oni wyddost
ti fod gennyf awdurdod i’th groeshoelio di, a bod gennyf awdurdod i’th ollwng
yn rhydd?
19:10
Then saith Pilate unto him, Speakest thou not unto me? knowest thou not that I
have power to crucify thee, and have power to release thee?
19:11 Yr Iesu a atebodd, Ni byddai i ti ddim awdurdod arnaf fi, oni bai ei
fod wedi ei roddi i ti oddi uchod: am hynny yr hwn a’m traddodes i ti, sydd fwy
ei bechod.
19:11
Jesus answered, Thou couldest have no power at all against me, except it were
given thee from above: therefore he that delivered me unto thee hath the
greater sin.
19:12 O hynny allan y ceisiodd Peilat ei ollwng ef yn rhydd: ond yr Iddewon
a lefasant, gan ddywedyd, Os gollyngi di hwn yn rhydd, nid wyt ti yn garedig i
Gesar. Pwy bynnag a’i gwnelo ei hun y frenin, y mae yn dywedyd yn erbyn Cesar.
19:12 And
from thenceforth Pilate sought to release him: but the Jews cried out, saying,
If thou let this man go, thou art not Caesar’s friend: whosoever maketh himself
a king speaketh against Caesar.
19:13 Yna Peilat, pan glybu’r ymadrodd hwn, a ddug allan yr Iesu; ac a
eisteddodd ar yr orseddfainc, yn y lle a elwir y Palmant, ac yn Hebraeg,
Gabbatha.
19:13
When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he brought Jesus forth, and sat down
in the judgment seat in a place that is called the Pavement, but in the Hebrew,
Gabbatha.
19:14 A darpar-ŵyl y pasg oedd hi, ac ynghylch y chweched awr: ac efe
a ddywedodd wrth yr Iddewon, Wele eich Brenin.
19:14 And
it was the preparation of the passover, and about the sixth hour: and he saith
unto the Jews, Behold your King!
19:15 Eithr hwy a lefasant, Ymaith ag ef, ymaith ag ef, croeshoelia ef.
Peilat a ddywedodd wrthynt, A groeshoeliaf fi eich Brenin chwi? A’r
archoffeiriaid a atebasant, Nid oes i ni frenin ond Cesar.
19:15 But
they cried out, Away with him, away with him, crucify him. Pilate saith unto
them, Shall I crucify your King? The chief priests answered, We have no king
but Caesar.
19:16 Yna gan hynny efe a’i traddodes ef iddynt i’w groeshoelio. A hwy a
gymerasant yr Iesu, ac a’i dygasant ymaith.
19:16
Then delivered he him therefore unto them to be crucified. And they took Jesus,
and led him away.
19:17 Ac efe gan ddwyn ei groes, a ddaeth i le a elwid Lle’r benglog, ac a
elwir yn Hebraeg, Golgotha:
19:17 And
he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which
is called in the Hebrew Golgotha:
19:18 Lle y croeshoeliasant ef, a dau eraill gydag ef, un o bob tu, a’r
Iesu yn y canol.
19:18 Where they crucified him, and
two others with him, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst.
19:19 A Pheilat a ysgrifennodd deitl, ac a’i dododd ar y groes. A’r
ysgrifen oedd, IESU O NASARETH, BRENIN YR IDDEWON.
19:19 And
Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was, JESUS OF
NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS.
19:20 Y teitl hwn gan hynny a ddarllenodd llawer o’r Iddewon; oblegid agos
i’r ddinas oedd y fan lle y croeshoeliwyd yr Iesu: ac yr oedd wedi ei ysgrifennu
yn Hebraeg, Groeg, a Lladin.
19:20
This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was crucified
was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew, and Greek, and Latin.
19:21 Yna archoffeiriaid yr Iddewon a ddywedasant wrth Peilat, Nac
ysgrifenna Brenin yr Iddewon; eithr dywedyd ohono ef, Brenin yr Iddewon ydwyf
fi.
19:21
Then said the chief priests of the Jews to Pilate, Write not, The King of the
Jews; but that he said, I am King of the Jews.
19:22 Peilat a atebodd, Yr hyn a ysgrifennais, a ysgrifennais.
19:22
Pilate answered, What I have written I have written.
19:23 Yna y milwyr, wedi iddynt groeshoelio’r Iesu, a gymerasant ei ddillad
ef, ac a wnaethant bedair rhan, i bob milwr ran; a’i bais ef: a’i bais ef oedd
ddiwnïad, wedi ei gwau o’r cwr uchaf trwyddi oll.
19:23
Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, and made
four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his coat: now the coat was
without seam, woven from the top throughout.
19:24 Hwythau a ddywedasant wrth ei gilydd, Na thorrwn hi, ond bwriwn
goelbrennau amdani, eiddo pwy fydd hi: fel y cyflawnid yr ysgrythur sydd yn
dywedyd, Rhanasant fy nillad yn eu mysg, ac am fy mhais y bwriasant
goelbrennau. A’r milwyr a wnaethant y pethau hyn.
19:24 They
said therefore among themselves, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it,
whose it shall be: that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith, They
parted my raiment among them, and for my vesture they did cast lots. These
things therefore the soldiers did.
19:25 Ac yr oedd yn sefyll wrth groes yr Iesu, ei fam ef, a chwaer ei fam
ef, Mair gwraig Cleoffas, a Mair Magdalen.
19:25 Now
there stood by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother’s sister, Mary the
wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene.
19:26 Yr Iesu gan hynny, pan welodd ei fam, a’r disgybl yr hwn a garai efe
yn sefyll gerllaw, a ddywedodd wrth ei fam, O wraig, wele dy fab.
19:26
When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by, whom he
loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son!
19:27 Gwedi hynny y dywedodd wrth y disgybl, Wele dy fam. Ac o’r awr honno
allan y cymerodd y disgybl hi i’w gartref.
19:27
Then saith he to the disciple, Behold thy mother! And from that hour that
disciple took her unto his own home.
19:28 Wedi hynny yr Iesu, yn gwybod fod pob peth wedi ei orffen weithian,
fel y cyflawnid yr ysgrythur, a ddywedodd, Y mae syched arnaf.
19:28
After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the
scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst.
19:29 Yr oedd gan hynny lestr wedi ei osod yn llawn o finegr; a hwy a
lanwasant ysbwng o finegr, ac a’i rhoddasant ynghylch isop, ac a’i dodasant
wrth ei enau ef.
19:29 Now
there was set a vessel full of vinegar: and they filled a sponge with vinegar,
and put it upon hyssop, and put it to his mouth.
19:30 Yna pan gymerodd yr Iesu’r finegr, efe a ddywedodd, Gorffennwyd: a
chan ogwyddo ei ben, efe a roddes i fyny yr ysbryd.
19:30
When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he
bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.
19:31 Yr Iddewon gan hynny, fel nad arhoai’r cyrff ar y groes ar y Saboth,
oherwydd ei bod yn ddarpar-ŵyl, (canys mawr oedd y dydd Saboth hwnnw,) a
ddeisyfasant ar Peilat gael torri eu hesgeiriau hwynt, a’u tynnu i lawr.
19:31 The
Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not
remain upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that sabbath day was an high
day,) besought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be
taken away.
19:32 Yna y milwyr a ddaethant, ac a dorasant esgeiriau’r cyntaf, a’r llall
yr hwn a groeshoeliasid gydag ef.
19:32
Then came the soldiers, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other which
was crucified with him.
19:33 Eithr wedi iddynt ddyfod at yr Iesu, pan welsant ef wedi marw eisoes,
ni thorasant ei esgeiriau ef.
19:33 But
when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they brake not his
legs:
19:34 Ond un o’r milwyr a wanodd ei ystlys ef â gwaywffon: ac yn y fan daeth
allan waed a dwfr.
19:34 But
one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came there out
blood and water.
19:35 A’r hwn a’i gwelodd, a dystiolaethodd; a gwir yw ei dystiolaeth; ac
efe a ŵyr ei fod yn dywedyd gwir, fel y credoch chwi.
19:35 And
he that saw it bare record, and his record is true: and he knoweth that he
saith true, that ye might believe.
19:36 Canys y pethau hyn a wnaethpwyd, fel y cyflawnid yr ysgrythur, Ni
thorrir asgwrn ohono.
19:36 For
these things were done, that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him
shall not be broken.
19:37 A thrachefn, ysgrythur arall sydd yn dywedyd, Hwy a edrychant ar yr
hwn a wanasant.
19:37 And
again another scripture saith, They shall look on him whom they pierced.
19:38 Ac ar ôl hyn, Joseff o Arimathea (yr hwn oedd ddisgybl i’r Iesu,
eithr yn guddiedig, rhag ofn yr Iddewon) a ddeisyfodd ar Peilat, gael tynnu i
lawr gorff yr Iesu: a Pheilat a ganiataodd iddo. Yna y daeth efe ac a ddug
ymaith gorff yr Iesu.
19:38 And
after this Joseph of Arimathaea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for
fear of the Jews, besought Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus:
and Pilate gave him leave. He came therefore, and took the body of Jesus.
19:39 A daeth Nicodemus hefyd, (yr hwn ar y cyntaf a ddaethai at yr Iesu o
hyd nos,) ac a ddug fyrr ac aloes yng nghymysg, tua chan pwys.
19:39 And
there came also Nicodemus, which at the first came to Jesus by night, and
brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred pound weight.
19:40 Yna y cymerasant gorff yr Iesu, ac a’i rhwymasant mewn llieiniau,
gydag aroglau, fel y mae arfer yr Iddewon ar gladdu.
19:40
Then took they the body of Jesus, and wound it in linen clothes with the
spices, as the manner of the Jews is to bury.
19:41 Ac yn y fangre lle y croeshoeliasid ef, yr oedd gardd; a bedd newydd
yn yr ardd, yn yr hwn ni ddodasid dyn erioed.
19:41 Now
in the place where he was crucified there was a garden; and in the garden a new
sepulchre, wherein was never man yet laid.
19:42 Ac yno, rhag nesed oedd darpar-ŵyl yr Iddewon, am fod y bedd
hwnnw yn agos, y rhoddasant yr Iesu.
19:42
There laid they Jesus therefore because of the Jews’ preparation day; for the
sepulchre was nigh at hand.
y groglith the crucifixion
verses
2 Dydd Gwener y Groglith
Good Friday ("Friday of the reading about the crucifixion")
ETYMOLOGY: “crucifixion reading” (crog-
stem of crogi = to hang, crucify) +
soft mutation + (llith = reading)
:_______________________________.
crogwr ‹krô -gur› masculine noun
PLURAL crogwyr ‹krog
-wir›
1 hangman
2 (South Wales) (in children's rhymes) bys y crogwr = ring finger
ETYMOLOGY: (crog- stem of crogi = to hang) + (-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
crombil ‹krom-bil› masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL crombiliau
‹krom-bil-ye›
1 crop or gizzard of a bird
y crombil / y grombil = the gizzard
2 belly
Fe aeth e i lawr i’r dafarn i gael rhyw ychydig o gwrw yn ei
grombil
He went down to the pub to get some beer into his belly
hel yn eich crombil stuff yourself
with food (“gather into your belly”)
3 core = innermost part of something; the depths / bowels / heart /
far interior / recesses (of a place); deep inside (a place)
Daeth hen ŵr o grombil y siop
An old man came out of the recesses of the shop
yng nghrombil y ddaear
in the depths of the earth, in the bowels of the earth, in the core of the
earth
Bachodd bump o fygiau o grombil y
cwpwrdd
He got five mugs from deep inside the cupboard
Fflat newydd sy tua deng munud o waith cerdded o grombil y ddinas
A new flat which is about ten minutes’ walk from the centre of the city
yng nghrombil y coed deep inside the
woods
mynd i mewn i grombil y llong go into the
bowels of the ship
ETYMOLOGY: “curved skin” (crom,
feminine form of crwm = curved) +
soft mutation + (pil = skin, loose
skin, bird’s crop)
:_______________________________.
cromlech PLURAL cromlechi, cromlechau ‹KROM
lekh, krom LÊ khi, krom LÊ khe› (feminine noun)
1 cromlech = stone table, a tomb in the form of a room made of a
stone slab resting horizontally on three or four stone columns; a standing
stone
y gromlech the cromlech
2
Cae'r Gromlech street name in Y Ffôr
SH3938 (county of Gwynedd)
(“(the) field (of) the cromlech”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/543184
Y Ffôr
:_______________________________.
cromlin ‹crom
-lin› feminine noun
PLURAL cromliniau
‹krom-lin-ye›
1 curve on a graph
y gromlin the curve
2 amgrwm convex
cromlin amgrwm convex line
ceugrwm concave
cromlin geugrwm concave line
ETYMOLOGY: (crom = feminine form of crwm = curved) + soft mutation + (llin = line)
:_______________________________.
cron ‹kron ›
1 adjective feminine form of crwn
(qv) (= round)
Y Waun-gron (“round
moorland”) district of Caer-dydd
2 verb cron- root of cronni (= to gather, to collect)
cronfa fund; reservoir
cronfa ddŵr reservoir
cronlyn reservoir
3 adjective The word cronglwyd (= roof) was
formerly cromglwyd, and so the
first element is in fact crom, the feminine form of crwm (=
curved)
:_______________________________.
cronglwyd ‹krong-luid› feminine noun
PLURAL cronglwydi ‹krong-lui-di›
1 obsolete roof hurdle
y gronglwyd = the roof hurdle
2 obsolete roof
Genesis 19:8 Wele, yn awr, y mae dwy ferch gennyf fi, y rhai nid
adnabuant wr; dygaf hwynt
allan atoch chwi yn awr, a gwnewch iddynt fel y gweloch yn dda; yn unig na wnewch ddim
i’r gwyr hyn; oherwydd er mwyn hynny y daethant dan gysgod
fy nghronglwyd i
Genesis 19:8 Behold now, I have two daughters which have not known man; let me,
I pray you, bring them out unto you, and do ye to them as is good in your eyes:
only unto these men do nothing; for therefore came they under the shadow of my
roof.
Mathew 8:8 A’r canwriad a atebodd ac a
ddywedodd, Arglwydd,
nid ydwyf deilwng i
ddyfod ohonot dan fy nghronglwyd:
eithr yn unig dywed y gair, a’m gwas a iacheir
Matthew 8:8 The centurion answered and said, Lord, I am not worthy that thou
shouldest come under my roof: but speak the word only, and my servant shall be
healed.
ETYMOLOGY: “curved hurdle” - cronglwyd ‹kro-ngluid› < “cróng-glwyd” ‹krong-gluid› < “crón-glwyd” ‹kron-gluid› < cromglwyd ‹krom-gluid› (crom, feminine form of crwm = curved) + soft mutation + (clwyd = hurdle).
(1) There was confusion between crwm /
crom (= curved) and crwn / cron
(= round);
(2) and the combination n-g, as in Bangor became ng, as in llong; another
example of this change is dan|gos (=
to show) (ng-g) which is pronounced dangos
(ng) in the North
:_______________________________.
cronlyn ‹kron
-lin› masculine noun
PLURAL cronlynnau
‹kron- lə -ne›
1 reservoir
Cronlyn Pontsticyll Pontsticyll reservoir
2 Ffordd y Cronlyn street name,
Caerfyrddin
(delwedd 6994) Ffordd y Cronlyn, Y Tanerdy, Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen in August 2003 (during a Cymdeithas yr Iaith
march from North-west Wales to the Welsh capital in the south-east to demand
affordable housing for the low-waged in Welsh communties; in the Welsh-speaking
districts there is acute housing crisis for local people as a result of the
massive immigration of rich incomers (mainly from England) over the past couple
of decades)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=199352
Y Tanerdy, map
ETYMOLOGY: The first noted occurrence of cronlyn is in the year
1851
(cronn- root of cronni = to gather) + soft mutation
+ (llyn = lake)
More usually ‘reservoir’ is cronfa ddŵr or cronfa
:_______________________________.
cropian ‹KROP
yan› (verb)
1 (North) to drag,
2 (South) to crawl
:_______________________________.
crosewl ‹kro -seul› feminine noun
PLURAL crosewlydd ‹kro-seu-lidh›
(South-east Wales)
1 crossroad; see croesheol
y grosewl the crossroad
Croesheolydd farm south of Rhiwderin, by the road south-west
to Pen-y-lan
(?the local form is surely Crosewlydd)
:_______________________________.
crosol ‹kro -sol› feminine noun
(South-east Wales)
1 crossroad; see croesheol
y grosol = the crossroad
:_______________________________.
croten, crots ‹KRO
ten, KROTS› (feminine noun)
1 lass, girl (South Wales)
y groten = the lass
:_______________________________.
crotes, crotesi ‹KRO
tes, kro TE si› (feminine noun)
1 lass, girl (South Wales)
y grotes = the lass
:_______________________________.
Crouddyn ‹KROI
dhin›
1 a local form of the name Creuddyn (qv) in Ceredigion
Llanbadarn y Creuddyn (parish name) > “Llanbadarn y Crouddyn”
Llanfihangel y Creuddyn (parish name) > “Llanfihangel y Crouddyn”
:_______________________________.
croth, crothau 1
‹KROOTH, KRO the› (feminine noun)
1 womb
y groth = the womb
2 croth or croth y goes calf (of the leg)
:_______________________________.
croyw ‹KROI
u›
(adjective)
1 (water) fresh, sweet, pure = not salt
dŵr croyw fresh water
pysgodyn dŵr croyw freshwater fish
llyfrothen dŵr
croyw (f), llyfrothod dŵr croyw (Gobio gobio) gudgeon
:_______________________________.
Crucadarn ‹KRI
KAA darn› (masculine noun)
1 A village SO0842 in Powys. The English spell it “Crickadarn”.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO0842
Crucadarn < crug cadarn (“strong hill”, “fortified hill”) (crug =
hill) + (cadarn = strong, firm)
:_______________________________.
crud, crudau ‹KRIID,
KRI de› (feminine noun)
1 cradle
y grud = the cradle
:_______________________________.
Crudycastell ‹ kriid-ə-ka-stelh›
1
Street name in the town of Dinbych (county of Dinbych) (“Crud Y
Castell”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) cradle (of) the wind”) (crud
= cradle) + (y = the) + ( castell = castle)
:_______________________________.
Crud-y-gwynt ‹
kriid-ə-gwint›
1
house name
2
Street name in
..a/ the town of Dinbych (county of
Dinbych) (“Crud Y Gwynt”)
..b/ Mynyddisa (county of
Y Fflint) (“Crud Y Gwynt”)
NOTE: Although Crud-y-gwynt is a more
correct spelling, it is normally spelt with the elements separated Crud y Gwynt
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) cradle (of) the wind”) (crud
= cradle) + (y = the) + (gwynt = wind)
:_______________________________.
Crudyrawel ‹ kriid-ə-rau-el›
1
house name
..g/ Pen-y-fai (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (“Crud Yr Awel”)
2
Street name in
..a/ the town of Castell-nedd (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (“Crud Yr
Awel”)
..b/ Clawddnewydd, Rhuthun (county of Dinbych) (“Crud Yr Awel”)
..c/ the town of Dinbych (county of
Dinbych) (“Crud Yr Awel”)
..d/ Efail-wen, Clynderwen (county of Caerfyrddin) (“Crud Yr Awel”)
..e/ Gorseinion (county of Abertawe) (“Crud-Yr-Awel”)
..f/ Niwbwrch (county of Ynys Môn) (“Crud Yr
Awel”)
..g/ Pen-y-fai (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (“Crud Yr Awel”)
NOTE: Although Crudyrawel would be a
more correct spelling, it is normally spelt with the elements separated Crud yr Awel
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) cradle (of) the wind / breeze”) (crud = cradle) + (yr =
the) + (awel = wind / breeze)
:_______________________________.
Crud-yr-haul ‹kriid-ər-HAIL›
1
house name in Tal-y-bont, Conwy
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) cradle (of) the sun”) (crud
= cradle) + (yr = the) + (haul = sun)
:_______________________________.
crug, crugiau ‹KRIIG,
KRIG ye› (masculine noun)
1 mound, heap
..............................................................
2 castle mound
..............................................................
3 burial mound, tumulus
..............................................................
..a/ Cefnwyrgrug SN8196 by Aberhosan (district of Maldwyn, county of
Powys) < cefn yr wyddgrug “(the)
hill (of) the tumulus”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=266813
map, Cefnwyrgrug
..b/ Gwyddgrug (SN4635) at
Llanfihangel ar Arth (county of Caerfyrddin)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1176201
Gwyddgrug
..c/ Y Wyddgrug (=Y 
yddgrug) at Madrun SH6673, near
Abergwyngregyn (county of Gwynedd)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/151498
Madrun, map
..d/ Y Wyddgrug (=Y 
yddgrug) at Ffordun SJ2200 (district of
Maldwyn, county of Powys)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2200
Ffordun. Map.
..e/ Yr Wyddgrug SJ2363 town in the
county of Y Fflint (English name: Mold)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2363
Yr Wyddgrug. Map.
..............................................................
(delwedd 7429)
3 Crucadarn (qv) (“Crug Cadarn”). Village in Powys.
(delwedd 6995) Crugiau. Enw tŷ yng Nghorris, Awst 2003. House name,
Corris, 2003
:_______________________________.
Crugcadarn ‹KRI
KAA darn› (masculine noun)
1 See Crucadarn
:_______________________________.
crugan ‹ krî-gan› masculine noun
1
mound
There is a “Crugan Avenue” (which would be Coedlan
y Crugan / Coedlan Crugan or Rhodfa’r
Crugan / Rhodfa Crugan in Welsh) in Baecinmel (SH9880) (county of Conwy)
ETYMOLOGY: “little mound” (crug =
tumulus) + (-an diminutive suffix
added to nouns)
:_______________________________.
Crug Mawr ‹ kriig
MAUR›
1
former name of the hill
SN2047 in Llangoedmor (Ceredigion) known as Banc y Warren (qv)
Below the hill there is a farm called Crugmor
Also in stress shift, especially noticeble in place names with an original mawr
/ fawr (= big)
crug-máwr (great heap / mound) > crúg-mawr > crúgmor
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/54234
:_______________________________.
crugyn ‹
KRIIG-in ›
1
little mound
Y Crugyn SN9872 Name of
an earthwork west of Sant Harmon, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=245196
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) mound (of) the bronze”) (crug = mound) + (yr =
the) + (efydd = bronze)
:_______________________________.
Crugyrefydd ‹ kriig
ər EE-vidh›
1
Street name in Crymych (county of
Penfro) (“Crug Yr Efydd”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) mound (of) the bronze”) (crug = mound) + (yr =
the) + (efydd = bronze)
:_______________________________.
crwban, crwbanod ‹KRUU ban, kru BAA nod› (masculine noun)
1 tortoise
2 crwban môr, crwbanod môr ‹kruu ban MOOR, kru BAA nod
MOOR›
sea turtle
:_______________________________.
crwca ‹kru
-ka› adjective
NOTE: there is feminine form croca
> groca used after feminine nouns; thought the masculine form crwca > grwca is also used,
as in some examples below.
1
hunchbacked, humpbacked
hen wraig grwca a hunchbacked old
woman
2 crooked, bent
3 trwyn crwca hooked nose,
curved down like an eagle's beak
4 pont grwca humpbacked
bridge
pompren grwca humpbacked footbridge
Rhyd y bompran grwca
Pw welas-ti'n mynd drwa? (= pwy a welaist ti yn mynd drwodd?)
Dy gariad di, lliw blota'r drain, (= lliw blodau’r drain)
Fel cambric main o'r India
Verse in the ‘triban’ style, south-east Wales, 1800s
In standardised Welsh:
Rhyd y bompren groca
Pwy a welaist ti yn mynd drwodd?
Dy gariad di, lliw
blodau’r drain
Fel cambric main o’r India
“The ford of the humpbacked footbridge
Who did you see going through?
Your sweetheart, as fair as hawthorn blossom, (“your love of-you, (the) colour
(of) flowers (of) the hawthorn-bushes”)
Like fine cambric cloth from India”
5 ffon groca, plural ffyn crwca curved stick (for games such as bando or hockey)
6 Cae Crwca field name in
Llangrallo (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) . Field with a mound
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English croke (=
Modern English crook) < Norse krokr = hook
:_______________________________.
crwm ‹KRUM› [krʊm] adjective
1 crooked, curved
2 (nose) aquiline, hooked
3 stooping, hunched
4 in masculine compound words or derivative forms as a first element
as crym-
..... (1) cryman = sickle,
reaping hook (-an = suffix)
..... (2) crymedd = curvature (-edd = suffix)
..... (3) crymffast = lad (ffast = unknown element)
..... (4) crymgledd = sabre (“curved
sword”) (cledd = sword)
..... (5) crymlyn = curved valley
(glyn = valley)
Also the verb crymu = to bend
5 in feminine compound words as a first element as crom-
..... (1) crombil crop or
gizzard of a bird
(crom = feminine form of crwm = curved) + soft mutation + (pil = skin, loose skin, bird’s crop)
..... (2) cromfach (punctuation)
bracket (bach = hook)
..... (3) cromgell vault,
underground chamber (cell = cell)
..... (4) cromlech burial
chamber (llech = stone slab)
..... (5) cromlin curved line (eg on
a graph) (llin = line)
6 amgrwm convex
cromlin amgrwm convex line
7 ceugrwm concave
cromlin geugrwm concave line
8 cefngrwm crook-backed
9 gwargrwm round-shouldered, hunched
Eisteddai yn wargrwm wrth y tân He was sitting hunched by the fire
(gwar = nape of the neck, back of
the neck ) + soft mutation + (crwm = bent )
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish kromm
(= curved), Breton kromm (= curved),
From the same Celtic root: Irish crom
(= curved).
Greek kramb-, as in krambeê (= plant with wrinkled leaves, i.e.
cabbage)
cf Scottish (Gaelic) cromag (=
hook), from which Lowlandic crummock
(= stick with curved end)
NOTE: feminine form: crom, plural crymion
:_______________________________.
crwn, crynion ‹KRUN,
KRƏN-yon› [krʊn,ˡkrənjɔn] (adjective)
Feminine form: cron / gron
1 round
2 yn grwn ac ar groes
completely (“roundly and contrarily”)
gwadu rhywbeth yn grwn ac ar groes completely deny
something
3 Cae Crwn y cae crwn = the round field
Cae-crwn street name
..a/ Dynfant (county of Abertawe) (“Cae Crwn”)
..b/ Machynlleth (county of Powys) (“Cae Crwn”)
4
(y) Waun-gron (“round moor”) district in Caer-dydd
5 bwa hanner-crwn
semi-circular arch
:_______________________________.
crwner KRUU-ner› [ˡkruˑnɛr] masculine noun
PLURAL crwneriaid
‹kru-NER-yaid, -yed› [krʊˡnɛrjaɪd, -ɛd]
1 coroner = law officer who holds an inquest to investigate deaths which are
suspicious or the result of an accident. Historically he was an officer of a
county or municipality whose function was to keep records of court cases and to
protect royal property. A surviving duty relating to this is deciding whether
or not treasure trove (eg. buried hoards of old coins, grave artefacts) belongs
to the Crown, or to the finder
NOTE: Also colloquially crowner ‹KROU-ner› [ˡkrɔʊnɛr]
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English crowner <
French of England corouner (=
official of the Crown) < (coroune
= crown) + (-er agent suffix); <
Latin corona (= crown).
Modern French couronne (= crown)
:_______________________________.
crwst, crystiau ‹KRUST,
KRƏST-yai, -ye› [krʊst, ˡkrəstjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 crust (bread)
:_______________________________.
crwt / crwtyn, crwts ‹KRUT, KRU-tin, KRUTS› [krʊtˡ, ˡkrʊtɪn, krʊts] (masculine noun)
1 lad (South Wales)
:_______________________________.
crwth, crythau ‹KRUUTH,
KRƏ-thai, -the› [kruːθ, ˡkrəθaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 fiddle
2
chwarae’r crwth a Rhufain yn llosgi;
also canu crwth tra llosgo Rhufain
fiddle while Rome burns, attend to unimportant matters during an emergency or a
crisis
3 basgrwth double bass
(bas = bass) + soft mutation + (crwth = violin)
Also: dwbl bas
A Dialogue in the Devonshire
Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady: to which is added a Glossary. James
Frederick Palmer, Mary Palmer. 1837: “CROWD or CROWDY-KIT, s[ubstantive]. a
fiddle : from Crwth, Welsh.”
:_______________________________.
crwydr ‹ KRUIDR, KRUI-dir› [ˡkrʊɪdr, krʊɪdɪr]
PLURAL crwydrau ‹KRUI-drai, -dre› [ˡkrʊɪdraɪ, -ɛ]
1 (obsolete)
sieve
2 wandering
3 (adj) (animal)
stray
ci crwydr, pl. cŵn crwydr stray dog
cath grwydr, cathod crwydr stray cat
4 ar grwydr wandering around
ar grwydr yng Nghasnewydd wandering around in
Casnewydd
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *kreitr-
From the same British root: Cornish kroedr
(= sieve), Breton krouer (= sieve)
< kroezr
From the same Indoeuropean root: Latin cribrum
(= sieve), English riddle < Old
English hriddel < hridder
:_______________________________.
crwydro ‹KRUI-dro› [ˡkrʊɪdrɔ] (verb)
1 to wander
:_______________________________.
crwyn ‹KRUIN› [krʊɪn]
1 skins; plural form of croen
:_______________________________.
crwynwr ‹KRUI-nur› [ˡkrʊɪnʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL crwynwyr ‹KRUIN-wir› [ˡkrʊɪnwɪr]
1 skinner, tanner; fellmonger, dealer in hides or furs
ETYMOLOGY: (crwyn = skins) + (-wr agent suffix)
:_______________________________.
crwys ‹KRUIS› [krʊɪs]
feminine noun
South Wales
1 obsolete (as either a
feminine or a masculine noun) y grwys / y crwys = the cross, the crucifix
2 obsolete y crwys = the crosses, the crucifixes.
The singular noun (crwys = cross) was
later understood as a plural noun (crwys = crosses), and
a new singular form croes came
about, on the analogy of the native words (Welsh < British < Celtic)
.....(1) oen = lamb (plural wyn = lambs), and
.....(2) croen = skin (crwyn = skins).
3 There are some place names in South Wales with crwys (though whether it is used as a singular or a
plural form is unclear in some cases)
(1) Y Crwys (county of Abertawe) (“the crosses”) (English
name: Three Crosses)
(2) Pant-y-crwys
(Craig-cefn-parc, county of Abertawe) (“(the) hollow (of) the crosses / the
cross”) (The poet Crwys (William Crwys Williams 1875-1968) was from Craig-cefn-parc),
(3) Bwlch-crwys (by Aber-porth,
county of Ceredigion) (= bwlch y crwys, “(the) gap (of) the crosses / the cross”)
(4) Heol y Crwys (“(the) road
(of) Crwys farm”) (qv). A
street in Caer-dydd, from the
name of a farm now demolished probably at the site of a cross marking a parish
boundary
3 Also the saying tan eich crwys (again it is unclear whether it is used as a
singular or a plural form) = laid out before burial (literally “under your
cross”; that is, ‘with a crucifix placed on the corpse’; or possibly ‘under
your crossed arms’)
In "Hanes y Byd a’r Amseroedd" (History of the World and
the Ages) (1718, 1721), the author Simon Thomas states:
Fe ddywedir pan fo farw un, fod y cyfryw un "dan ei grwys" Canys
felly yr oedd y
Ddefod gynt, sef,
wneuthur Crwys (hynny yw
Croes)... a’i gosod a’r {sic} y Corph hyd oni osodid
mewn daiar :
It is said, when one dies, that such a person is "dan ei grwys"
(under his cross). For thus was the practice formerly, that is, to make a
"crwys" (that is, a cross)... and put it on the
body until it might be placed in the ground
Studies in Welsh
Grammar and Philology / Samuel J. Evans / Caerdydd / no date (1925?)
"Y mae dan
ei grwys"
is a familiar expression in South-west Wales for a body between death and
burial. The expression recalls a Roman Catholic custom. (Tudalen / Page
63)
Dan ei grwys, literally ‘under his cross’ is a familiar
expression in South-west Wales for a body between death and burial. The phrase
is to be explained by reference to the habit of placing a cross over the corpse
to prevent the approach of the Evil One, who might otherwise spirit it away. (Tudalen / Page
222)
Also: tan y crwys = under the
cross, tan grwys = under a cross
ETYMOLOGY: Latin crux (= cross) >
British *kruks > Welsh
The
usual modern Welsh word for cross, croes,
is a reworking of crwys, since this
resembles a plural form in words of Celtic origin –
oen - wyn (lamb - lambs),
croen - crwyn (skin - skins),
and so a singular form with oe came
about, and crwys in the main then
had a plural sense.
From the same British root *kruks:
Breton kroas (= cross),
Cornish krows (= cross, from Old
Cornish krois, which should have
given kros - the form krows is unexpected and unusual)
:_______________________________.
Y Crwys ‹ə
KRUIS› [əˡkrʊɪs]
1 SS5794 locality in the county of Abertawe, literally ‘the crosses’. The
English call it ‘Three Crosses’.
:_______________________________.
crybwyll ‹ KRƏ-builh› [ˡkrəbʊɪɬ] v
1
mention = inform (sb) about (sth)
Er mwyn popeth,
peidiwch a chrybwyll y
peth wrth Owain y Bont
For God’s sake don’t mention it to Owain y Bont
2 mention = refer to, talk briefly about
Er fy mod wedi crybwyll rhai fel y beirdd a’u noddwyr ynghynt
Although I mentioned people like the poets and
their sponsors before
3 bondigrybwyll = the least said
about i, the better, scarcely mentionable, best not mentioned, dare I
say it; that everybody talks about; (as if an adjective)
much talked-about, well-known, notorious, mentioned over and over
again
Er nad yw’r Gemau bondigrybwyll yn cychwyn tan fis Rhagfyr although the endlessly talked-about
games don’t start unti DecembreGames
(NA BO OND ’I GRYBWYLL = “let it not be except for its mentioning” (na =
which-not) + (bo =
it might be) + (ond =
but, except) + (‘i / ei =
its) + soft mutation + (crybwyll =
mention, mentioning)
ETYMOLOGY: (prefix cy-) + soft
mutation + (infix rhy) + soft
mutation + (pwyll-, = root of pwyllo = consider, contemplate)
:_______________________________.
crych ‹KRIIKH› [kriːx] masculine noun
PLURAL crychiau
‹KRƏKH-yai, -ye› [ˡkrəxjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 ripple, ripplet
(South Wales) berwi yn grychiau >
berwi’n griche boil furiously
2 rough water in a river, a shallow
3 ripple = fault in a slate
4 curly-top = somebody with curly hair
Crych Elen (“curly-hair (from Dolydd) Elen”) was the pseudonym of poet Thomas Lloyd
(1841-1909). Born in Liverpool, his father was English and his mother was from
Dolwyddelan, and on the death
of his father he went to live with his grandmother at Tyn-y-fron, Dolwyddelan.
(Dolwyddelan is “dôl Wyddelan” = the
meadow of Gwyddelan, but a popular interpretation was “dolydd Elen” = the meadows of Elen, wife of Macsen
Wledig).
He was the author of a song popular in the late 1800s, Y Bwthyn Bach To Gwellt (the little
thatched cottage). He later emigrated to the USA, and is buried in Fair View
Cemetery, Slatington, Pennsylvania. See the article in Welsh “Cerddor o Gymro
yn cael ei gofio ar y We” (“Welsh musician commemorated on the Web”) / Iwan
Hughes / Y Faner Newydd 15 / Blwyddyn 2000 / tt32-33
ETYMOLOGY: from the adjective crych (= wrinkled,
curly)
NOTE: The base form of the Southern Welsh plural is crychau, with -au
instead of -iau;
..a/ Colloquially a penult y ‹i› [ɪ]
,
instead of becoming y ‹ə› [ə] remains, hence crichau;
..b/ Final -au is ‹e› [ɛ] in the south-west, ‹a› [a] in the south-east.
Hence criche / cricha
:_______________________________.
crych ‹KRIIKH› [kriːx] adjective
1 rippling, swirling, agitated, rough, violent
ffrwd grech stream with churning
water
There is a road called “Ffrwdgrech Road” (which in Welsh would be Heol Ffrwd Grech if the stream is
referred to, or Heol Ffrwd-grech if
a habitation name taken from the
stream name) in Aberhonddu / Breon (county of Powys)
:_______________________________.
crychddu
1 (literary; rare)
wavy and black
gwallt crychddu wavy
black hair
ETYMOLOGY: Probably (crych = rippling,
swirling) + soft mutation + (du = black)
:_______________________________.
crychdon ‹KRƏKH-don› [ˡkrəxdɔn] feminine noun
PLURAL crychdonnau ‹krəkh-DO-nai, -ne› [krəxˡdɔnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 ripple
ETYMOLOGY: (crych- ‹Ə› [ə] penult syllable form of crych ‹II› [iː] = ripple) + soft
mutation + (ton = wave)
:_______________________________.
crychdonni ‹KRƏKH-do-ni› [krəxˡdɔnɪ] verb
1 to ripple
tanc crychdonni (Physics) ripple tank
ETYMOLOGY: (crychdonn- penult syllable form of crychdon = ripple) + (-i
suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
cryd ‹KRIID›
[kriːd] (masculine noun)
PLURAL crydiau ‹KRƏD-yai, -ye› [ ˡkrəðjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 trembling, shivering, shuddering
hala cryd ar make somebody’s spine shiver (“send a shuddering on”)
hala tamaid o gryd ar send a shiver down somebody’s spine, make
somebody’s spine shiver (“send a bit of a shuddering on”)
Mae gweld nadredd yn hala tamed o gryd arna i
Seeing snakes sends a shiver down my spine
2 fever, ague
cryd cymalau / cricymylau rheumatism < cryd y cymylau “fever
of the joints”
cryd poeth burning fever
Deuteronium 28:22 Yr
ARGLWYDD a'th dery â darfodedigaeth, ac â chryd poeth, ac â llosgfa, ac â gwres, ac â
chleddyf, ac â diflaniad, ac â mallter; â hwy a'th ddilynant nes dy ddifetha
Deuteronomy
28:22 The LORD shall smite
thee with a consumption, and with a fever, and with an inflammation, and with
an extreme burning, and with the sword, and with blasting, and with mildew; and
they shall pursue thee until thou perish.
crynfa o’r cryd (obsolete) an attack of the shakes (from a fever) (“a
shivering from the fever”)
crynfa’r cryd (obsolete) an attack of the shakes (from a fever) (“(the)
shivering (of) the fever”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *krit-
From the same British root:
Cornish krys (= trembling, shivering), Breton kridienn (=
shudder, shiver)
From the same Celtic root: Irish crith (= shudder, shiver)
:_______________________________.
crydd, cryddion ‹KRIIDH,
KRƏDH-yon› [kriːð, ˡkrəðjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 shoemaker, cobbler
Dafydd y Crydd David the Shoemaker,
David the Cobbler
:_______________________________.
cryf, cryfion ‹KRIIV,KRƏV-yon› [kriːv, ˡkrəvjɔn] (adjective)
1 strong
2 esgidiau cryfion stout
shoes
3 cystadleuaeth am y cryfaf
a competiton to see who’s the strongest, a trial of strength
4 y rhyw gref (= men) the stronger
sex (“the strong sex”)
:_______________________________.
cryfion ‹KRƏV-yon› [ˡkrəvjɔn] adj
1 plural form of cryf = strong
esgidiau cryfion stout shoes
ETYMOLOGY: (cryf = strong ) + (-ion suffix for forming plurals of
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
crygu ‹KRƏ-gi› [ˡkrəgɪ] (verb)
1 grow hoarse; have a frog in your throat
:_______________________________.
cryman ‹KRƏ-man› [ˡkrəman] masculine noun
PLURAL crymanau ‹krə-MAA-nai,
-ne› [krəˡma·naɪ, -ɛ]
1 sickle, reaping hook; implement with a curved blade for cutting grass or
corn
2 bill, hook; implement with a long blade and a hooked point for
cutting thorn hedges
3 sickle = symbol of agricultural labour on Communist insignia; y morthwl a’r cryman the hammer and the
sickle
4 comparison: mor gam â
chryman said of something bent, such as a person’s back ("as crooked
as a sickle")
5 comparison: ar ffurf cryman
in the shape of a sickle
heol ar ffurf cryman a sickle-shaped
street, a crescent-shaped street
6 South-west Wales dalen gryman (indefinite form), dalen y cryman (definite form) plantago lanceolata ribwort plantain
Welsh cryman (crym-, penult form of crwm =
curved) + (-an)
From the same British root: Cornish krommenn
(= sickle), Breton krommenn (=
curve)
From the same Celtic root: Irish cromán =
(anatomy) hip, (mechanics) crank
:_______________________________.
crymanbig ddu ‹krə-MAN-big DHII› [krəˡmanbɪg ˡðiː] feminine noun
PLURAL crymanbigau du /
duon ‹krə-man-BII-gai, -ge, DII, krə-man-BII-gai,
-ge, DII-on› [krəmanˡbiˑgaɪ, -ɛ,
ˡdː, krəmanˡbiˑgaɪ, -ɛ, ˡdiˑɔn]
1 Ornithology; plegadis falcinellus
= glossy ibis
y grymanbig = the ibis
ETYMOLOGY: "black + ‘sickle-beak’" (cryman = sickle) + soft mutation + (pig = beak)
:_______________________________.
cryman cau ‹KRƏ-man KAI› [ˡkrəman ˡkaɪ] masculine noun
1 hedging bill, hedging hook
ETYMOLOGY: "sickle (for) making-a-hedge" (cryman = sickle) + (cau =
to close, to enclose, to make a hedge)
:_______________________________.
cryman medi ‹KRƏ-man MEE-di› [ˡkrəman ˡmeˑdɪ] masculine noun
1 reaping hook
ETYMOLOGY: "sickle (of) reaping" (cryman = sickle) + (medi =
to reap)
:_______________________________.
cryman perthi ‹KRƏ-man PER-thi› [ˡkrəman ˡpɛrθɪ] masculine noun
South Wales
1 hedging bill, hedging hook
ETYMOLOGY: "sickle (of) hedges" (cryman
= sickle) + (perthi = hedges)
:_______________________________.
cryman taro ‹KRƏ-man TAA-ro› [ˡkrəman ˡtɑˑrɔ] masculine noun
North Wales
1 reaping hook
ETYMOLOGY: "sickle (of) knocking / hitting" (cryman = sickle) + (taro =
to knock, to hit)
:_______________________________.
crymedd ‹KRƏ-medh› [ˡkrəmɛð] masculine noun
PLURAL crymeddau ‹krə-MEE-dhai,
-dhe› [krəˡmeˑðaɪ, -ɛ]
1 curvature = the curved part of something
crymedd y ddaear = the curvature of
the earth
ETYMOLOGY: (crym-, penult form of crwm = curved) + (-edd)
:_______________________________.
crymffast ‹KRƏM-fast› [ˡkrəmfast] masculine noun
PLURAL crymffastiau ‹krəm-FAST-yai,
-ye› [krəmˡfastjaɪ, -ɛ]
North Wales
1 boy
pan oeddan ni’n grwmffastiau when we were
boys
2 crymffastiau boys; boys
and girls
3 crymffast o hogyn big strapping
lad, big strong lad
4 lout
y crymffast digywilydd! the cheeky lout!
you cheeky lout!
5 large young sheep
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh crymffast < crynffast (cryn-, penult form of crwn =
round) + (ffast, unknown element)
VARIANTS: crwmffast, crynffast,
crwmffost
:_______________________________.
crymffastes ‹krəm-FAS-tes› [krəmˡfastɛs] feminine noun
PLURAL crymffastesau ‹krəm-fas-TE-sai,
-se› [krəmfasˡtɛsaɪ, -ɛ]
North Wales
1 girl, lass; strapping lass
y grymffastes the lass
ETYMOLOGY: (crymffast = boy) + (es, suffix to denote a female)
:_______________________________.
crymgledd ‹KRƏM-gledh› [ˡkrəmglɛð]
masculine noun
PLURAL crymgleddyfau ‹krəm-gle-DHƏ-vai,
-ve› [krəmglɛˡðəvaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (USA: saber) (Englandic: sabre) = sword with a curved blade
ETYMOLOGY: (crym-, penult form of crwm = curved) + soft mutation + (cledd = sword)
:_______________________________.
Y Crymlyn ‹ə
KRƏM-lin› [ə ˡkrəmlɪn]
1 (ST2198) locality in the county of Caerffili by Afon Ebwy (the river
Ebwy).
Population 1961: 4,967 (3% Welsh speakers)
(Anglicised as
"Crumlin". The spelling attempts to retain the Welsh pronunciation,
but English letter ‘u’ has different pronunciations. Here it the ‘u’ is [ʌ] as in standard English cut, sun,
nut, etc. and not [ʊ] as in push, pull, bull, put, etc.).
2 also north-west of Heol-y-cyw (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) there is Nant Crymlyn SS9583, Blaen Crymlyn, and a farm
called Blaencrymlyn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1019689
Nant Crymlyn
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
3 Crymlyn farm west of Y
Sgiwen (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
By here, according to English-language maps, are
“Crymlyn Brook” (?Nant Crymlyn)
“Crymlyn Bog” (Cors Crymlyn)
“Crymlyn Road” between Y Sgiwen and
Winsh-wen (?Heol Crymlyn)
“Crymlyn Parc”, in Y Sgiwen (?Parc Crymlyn)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS6995
4
Crymlyn farm name, Abergwyngregyn SH6572 (county of Conwy), mentioned in the 1851 Census
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH6572
Abergwyngregyn
ETYMOLOGY: (crym-, penult form of crwm = curved) + soft mutation + (llyn = pool in a river; lake). = pool at a bend in the
river.
:_______________________________.
cryn ‹KRIN› [ˡkrɪn] (adverb)
1 considerable
Mae cryn daith o’n blaenau We have a long way to
go (“there is a considerable journey before us”)
Mae cryn bellter o’n blaenau We have a long way to
go (“there is a considerable distance before us”)
Mae cryn siwrnai o’n blaenau We have a long way to
go (“there is a considerable journey before us”)
2 gyda chryn drafferth with great difficulty
bod cryn le i wella ar (rywbeth) leave a lot to be desired (“to be a considerable
place to improve on something”)
3 cryn dipyn quite a bit
darllen cryn dipyn am read quite a bit about
4 cryn dipyn o quite a bit of
clywed cryn dipyn o Gymraeg
hear quite a bit of Welsh
bod yn gryn dipyn o gybydd be a real miser,
be a real skinflint
5 gryn dipyn (adverbial) considerably, much, very much,
quite a bit
There is soft mutation cryn dipyn > gryn dipyn because of its adverbial function
Lleihaodd nifer yr aelodau gryn dipyn The membership dropped quite a bit
Adjectives are introduced by the linking yn:
Mae hi gryn dipyn yn dwymach heddiw It’s a lot warmer today
bod gryn dipyn yn oerach be much colder, quite a bit colder
bod gryn dipyn yn well be a lot better
bod gryn dipyn yn uwch be a lot higher
bod gryn dipyn yn llai be a lot less
bod gryn dipyn yn fwy be a lot more
6 o gryn dipyn by quite a bit
bod yn well eu byd o gryn dipyn be considerably
wealthier / better off
:_______________________________.
crynfryn ‹KRƏN-vrin› [ˡkrənvrɪn] masculine noun
1 round hill
(1) Rhes Crynfryn street name,
Aberystwyth (county of
Ceredigion) (rhes = row of houses)
(2) Crynfryn SN3625 farm 2km
south-south-west of Cynwyl Elfed (county
of Caerfyrddin)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=202958
ETYMOLOGY: (cryn-, penult form of crwn = round) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill)
:_______________________________.
crynhói ‹krə-NHOI› [krəˡnhɔɪ] (verb)
1 collect
:_______________________________.
crynoder ‹krə-NOO-der› [krəˡnoˑdɛr] masculine noun
1 conciseness
ETYMOLOGY: (cryno = concise) + (-der suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
crynu ‹KRƏ-ni› [krənɪ] (vi)
1 (vi) shake, shudder (from fear, cold)
Rw i’n crynu i gyd (‘I’m shaking
all’) I’m shaking all over
Also in the South cyrnu ‹KƏR-ni› [kərnɪ], a form showing metathesis;
cf in the South pyrnu ‹PƏR-ni› [pərnɪ] <
prynu (= to buy)
:_______________________________.
crys, crysau ‹KRIIS,
KRƏ-sai, -se› [ˡkriːs, ˡkrəsaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 shirt
2 gwregys belt
The basic element is crys (= shirt)
1/ *gwogrys (= “under-shirt”)
(prefix gwo-, from the Old Welsh preposition gwo = under) >
2/ *gwagrys (a takes the
place of o).
In certain other words an original gwo-
has become gwa-, and this
is seen for example in gwaredu (= to get rid of)
3/ *gwegrys (vowel affection; a
> e because of the i in the final syllable) >
4/ *gwregys metathesis, vowel-GR > R-vowel-G
:_______________________________.
crys dur ‹kriis
DIIR› [kriˑs ˡdiːr] masculine noun
PLURAL crysau
dur ‹KRƏ-sai, -se, DIIR› [ˡkrəsaɪ, -ɛ, ˡdiːr]
1 hauberk = tunic of chain mail
ETYMOLOGY: ‘shirt (of) steel’ (crys = shirt) + (dur = steel)
:_______________________________.
crys nos ‹kriis
NOOS› [kriːs ˡnoːs] (masculine noun)
1 nightshirt (men)
:_______________________________.
crysbais,
crysbeisiau ‹KRƏS-bais, -bes, krə-SPEIS-yai,
-ye› [ˡkrəsbaɪs, -ɛs, krəˡsbəɪsjaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 vest
:_______________________________.
crysbais weu,
crysbeisiau gweu ‹KRƏS-bais, -bes, WEI, krə-SPEIS-yai,
-ye, GWEI› [ˡkrəsbaɪs, -ɛs, ˡwəɪ,
krəˡsbəɪsjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡgwəɪ] (feminine noun)
1 (Englandic: woollen vest)
“woven vest” (crysbais = vest) + soft mutation + (gweu weaving; woven)
:_______________________________.
crystyn, crystiau ‹KRƏ-stin,
KRƏST-yai, -ye› [ˡkrəstɪn, ˡkrəstjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 crust
:_______________________________.
crythwr ‹KRƏ-thur› [ˡkrəθʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL crythwyr ‹KRƏTH-wir› [ˡkrəθwɪr]
1 ’crwth’ player, someone who plays a ‘crwth’, fiddler
ETYMOLOGY: (cryth-, penult form of crwth ‹kruuth› [kru:θ] = fiddle) + (-wr agent suffix)
:_______________________________.
Y Cryw ‹ə
KRIU› [ə ˡkrɪʊ]
1 SJ3215 village in Powys.
English name: Crewgreen
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/924677
:_______________________________.
c-t < g-d
dicter anger
(dig [diig] = angry) + soft mutation + (-ter suffix for forming abstract nouns)
> *digder > dicter (g-d > c-t)
gwacter emptiness
(gwag [gwaag] = empty) + soft mutation + (-ter suffix for forming abstract nouns)
> *gwagder > gwacter (g-d > c-t)
:_______________________________.
CTCC ‹ek-tii-ek-EK›
[ ɛk ti: ɛk ˡɛk]
cámera teledu cylch cyfyng
CCTV, closed circuit TV camera
(delwedd 7360) (Gorsaf Abertawe / Swansea Station, Awst
2006)
:_______________________________.
ctn.
1 abbreviation of cytundeb (= agteement)
:_______________________________.
cu ‹KII› [kiː] adj
1 dear, beloved
ein Ceidwad cu our dear Saviour
Iesu cu dear Jesus
cyfaill cu bosom friend
As a noun
y cu (m) the beloved one
y gu (f) the beloved one
Deuteronomium 21:15-16
15 Pan fyddo i ŵr ddwy wraig, un yn
gu, ac un yn gas; a phlanta o’r gu a’r gas feibion iddo ef, a bod y mab
cyntaf-anedig o’r un gas:
16 Yna bydded, yn y dydd y rhanno efe ei
etifeddiaeth rhwng ei feibion y rhai fyddant iddo, na ddichon efe wneuthur yn
gyntaf-anedig fab y gu o flaen mab y gas, yr hwn sydd gyntaf-anedig;
Deuteronomy 21:15-16
15: If a man have two wives,
one beloved, and another hated, and they have born him children, both the
beloved and the hated; and if the firstborn son be hers that was hated:
16: Then it shall be, when he maketh his sons to inherit that which he hath,
that he may not make the son of the beloved firstborn before the son of the
hated, which is indeed the firstborn:
2 cu gan beloved by
Roedd ei wyres fach yn gu iawn ganddo He was very fond of his little
granddaughter (“very loved by him”)
Samuel-2 1:26 Gofid sydd arnaf amdanat ti, fy mrawd Jonathan: cu iawn fuost gennyf fi:
rhyfeddol oedd dy gariad tuag ataf fi, tu hwnt i gariad gwragedd.
Samuel-2 1:26 I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan: very pleasant hast
thou been unto me: thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women
3 cuedd love, affection
amguedd dear things; property, wealth, treasure (am- = around)
amgueddfa museum (-fa = place)
4 (South Wales)
mam-gu grandmother (“beloved mother”)
tad-gu grandfather (“beloved father”)
5 Final element in the given names Dyddcu / Dyddgu (f), Lleucu
(f)
ETYMOLOGY: cu < cuf < British < Celtic *koim-
From the same British root: Cornish kuv, Breton kuñv
:_______________________________.
cudd ‹KIIDH› [kiːð] masculine noun
1 concealment; hiding place
cadw yn y cudd stay in hiding, keep a low profile, keep your head down, try not to draw
attention (“keep in the hiding”)
bod ynghûdd be hidden
2 (adjective) hidden, secret =
ndeclared, not told to anybody
Bu'n uchelgais gudd gennyf ymuno â’r llynges fasnachol
It was a secret ambition of mine to join the merchant navy
3 secret = undercover, clandestine; used hidden methods
cudd-weithredwr secret agent
heddlu cudd secret police
gwasanaeth cudd secret service
4 neidr gudd snake in the grass,
treacherous person (“hidden snake”)
5 cudd y coed (Clematis vitalba) old man’s beard,
traveller’s joy
“(the) hidden [plant] (of) the wood”
(cudd = hidden (adj); a hidden thing (noun))
+ (y = the) + (coed = wood)
Cudd-y-coed Name of a street in Y
Barri (Bro Morgannwg) (spelt as ‘Cudd y Coed’)
(delwedd 7915)
ETYMOLOGY: British; also in Breton kuzh (=
hidden; hiding place) (e-kuzh = in secret)
:_______________________________.
cudd-deithio ‹kiidh-DEITH-io› [kiːðˡdəɪθɪɔ] verb
1 stow away = hide in a ship or a plane in order to travel without paying
ETYMOLOGY: (cudd = secret, hidden )
+ soft mutation + ( teitho = to
travel)
:_______________________________.
cudd-deithiwr ‹kiidh-DEITH-yur› [kiːðˡdəɪθjʊr]
masculine noun
PLURAL cudd-deithwyr ‹kiidh-DEITH-wir› [kiːðˡdəɪθwɪr]
1 stowaway = a person who hides in a ship or a plane in order to travel
without paying the fare
ETYMOLOGY: (cudd = secret, hidden )
+ soft mutation + ( teithiwr =
traveller)
:_______________________________.
cuddio ‹KIDH-yo› [ˡkɪðjɔ] (verb)
1 to hide
2 Ofer cuddio’ch pen yn y tywod It’s no use hiding your head in the sand (from the erroneous belief that
when danger threatens an ostrich buries its head in the sand in order to ignore
the danger)
3 ymguddio hide oneself
:_______________________________.
cuddliw ‹KIDH-liu› [ˡkɪðlɪʊ] masculine noun
PLURAL cuddliwiau
‹kidh-LIU-yai, -ye› [kɪðˡlɪʊjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 camouflage = a form of disguise in which a creature adopts the colour and
texture of its surroundings and appears to be part of them
ETYMOLOGY: (cudd-, stem of cuddio = to hide) + soft mutation + (lliw = color)
:_______________________________.
cuddliwio ‹kidh-LIU-yo› [kɪðˡlɪʊjɔ] verb
1 to camouflage = disguise by adopting the colour and texture of the
surroundings and appearing to be part of them
ETYMOLOGY: (cuddliw = camouflage) +
(-io, suffix for forming a verb)
:_______________________________.
cuddliwiol ‹kidh-LIU-yol› [kɪðˡlɪʊjɔl] adjective
1 apatetic = relating to colouring which hides an animal and protects it
from predators
ETYMOLOGY: (cuddliw = camouflage ) +
(-iol, suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
cudd-weithredwr ‹kiidh-weith-REE-dur› [kiːðwəɪθˡreˑdʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL cudd-weithredwyr ‹kiidh-weith-RED-wir› [kiːðˡwəɪθˡrɛdwɪr]
1 secret agent
ETYMOLOGY: (cudd = secret, hidden )
+ soft mutation + (gweithredwr =
operator)
:_______________________________.
cuddwisg ‹KIDH-wisk› [ˡkɪðˡwɪsk] feminine noun
PLURAL cuddwisgoedd
‹kidh-WIS-koidh, -godh› [kɪðˡwɪskɔɪð, -ɔð]
1 disguise = clothing or make-up to hide the true identity of a person
y guddwisg the disguise
bod mewn cuddwisg be in disguise
ETYMOLOGY: ‘hide-clothing’ (cudd-,
root of cuddio = to hide) + soft
mutation + (gwisg = dress)
:_______________________________.
cudd-ymchwil ‹kiidh-ƏM-khwil› [kiːðˡəmxwɪl] masculine noun
1 intelligence = secret information about an enemy
ETYMOLOGY: (cudd = hidden) + (ymchwil = research)
:_______________________________.
cudd-ymchwiliwr ‹kiidh-əm-KHWIL-yur› [kiːðəmˡxwɪljʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL cudd-ymchwilwyr ‹kiidh-əm-KHWIL-wir› [kiːðəmˡxwɪlwɪr]
1 intelligence agent = person who gathers secret information about an enemy
ETYMOLOGY: (cudd-ymchwil =
intelligence) + (-i-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
cudd-ymosodiad ‹kiidh-ə-mo-SOD-yad› [kiːðəmɔˡsɔdjad] masculine noun
PLURAL cudd-ymosodiadau
‹kiidh-ə-mo-sod-YAA-dai, -de› [kiːðəmɔsɔdˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 ambush
ETYMOLOGY: (cudd = hidden) + (ymosodiad = attack)
:_______________________________.
cudyll ‹KII-dilh› [ˡkiˑdɪɬ] masculine noun
PLURAL cudyllod
‹ki-DI-lhod› [kɪˡdɪɬɔd]
(North Wales)
1 hawk
ffraeo fel dau gudyll have a violent
row (“dispute like two hawks”)
ETYMOLOGY: (cud = kite) + (-yll). Cud
is from English kite
:_______________________________.
cufydd ‹KII-vidh› [ˡkiˑvɪð] masculine noun
PLURAL cufyddau ‹ki-VƏ-dhai,
-dhe› [kɪˡvəðaɪ, -ɛ]
1 cubit = ancient measure of length, the length of the forearm, half a yard
Daniel 3:1 Nebuchodonosor y brenin a
wnaeth ddelw aur, ei huchder oedd yn drigain cufydd, ei lled yn chwe chufydd;
ac efe a’i gosododd hi i fyny yng ngwastadedd Dura, o fewn talaith Babilon.
Daniel 3:1 Nebuchadnezzar the king made an image of gold, whose height was
threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof six cubits: he set it up in the
plain of Dura, in the province of Babylon.
Genesis 6:14 Gwna i ti arch o goed
Goffer; yn gellau y gwnei yr arch, a phyga hi oddi wrth mewn ac oddi allan â
phyg.
(6:15) Ac fel hyn y gwnei di hi: tri chan
cufydd fydd hyd yr arch, a deg cufydd a degain ei lled, a deg cufydd ar hugain
ei huchder.
Genesis 6:14 Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark,
and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch. (6:15) And this is the
fashion which thou shalt make it of: The length of the ark shall be three
hundred cubits, the breadth of it fifty cubits, and the height of it thirty
cubits.
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cufydd < *cufyd < British < Latin cubit- (cubitum) (= 1/ elbow, 2/ a measure of length using the
forearm, from the fingertips to the elbow)
:_______________________________.
Cuhelyn ‹ki-HEE-lin› [kɪˡheˑlɪn] masculine noun
1 man’s name
Cuhelyn Fardd poet of the early 1100s
2 (legend) Cuhelyn son of Afarwy,
who was son of Lludd, King of Britain, during Roman times
3 street name Maescuhelyn
Llannerch-y-medd (county of Môn) (“Maes Cuhelyn”) (“(the) field (of) Cuhelyn”)
:_______________________________.
cul, PLURAL culion ‹KIIL, KIL-yon› [kiːl,ˡkɪljɔn]
(adjective)
1 narrow
:_______________________________.
culfan ‹KIL-van› [ˡkɪlvan] masculine noun
PLURAL culfannau
‹kil-VA-nai, -ne› [kɪlˡvanaɪ, -ɛ]
1 narrow place
Culfan name of a street in
Rhosllannerchrugog (county of Wrecsam)
2 (Medicine) stricture = abnormal narrowing of a duct or passage in
the body
ETYMOLOGY: (cul = narrow) + soft
mutation + (man = place)
:_______________________________.
culfarn ‹KIL-varn› [ˡkɪlvarn] feminine noun
PLURAL culfarnau
‹kil-VAR-nai, -ne› [kɪlˡvarnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 bigotry, narrow-mindedness
2
(adjective) bigotted, narrow-minded
ETYMOLOGY: (cul = narrow) + soft
mutation + (barn = opinion)
:_______________________________.
culfedd ‹KIL-vedh› [ˡkɪlvɛð] masculine noun
PLURAL culfeddau
‹kil-VEE-dhai, -dhe› [kɪlˡveˑðaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (literary word) narrow grave
Fe ddaw hon o’i chulfedd unig - yn
gorph,
Mewn gwisg anllygredig;
Er marw, draw Mary drig,
Yn flodyn dwyfoledig
(from a collection of verses on gravestones in the Ogwen valley - Englynion
Beddau Dyffryn Ogwen - by J
Elwyn Hughes, 1979)
She will come from her narrow grave - a body
in spotless dress
In spite of death, Mary will live yonder
A sanctified flower
ETYMOLOGY: (cul = narrow) + soft
mutation + (bedd = grave)
:_______________________________.
culfor ‹KIL-vor› [ˡkɪlvɔr] masculine noun
PLURAL culforoedd
‹kil-VOO-roidh, -rodh› [kɪlˡvoˑrɔɪð, -ɔð]
1 strait = narrow stretch of water joining two areas of sea
Abbreviation on maps: Cf
2 In geographical names
..1/ Culfor Bab el Manddeb between Djibouti
and Yemen, leading into the Red Sea from the Gulf of Aden
..2/ Culfor Dofr the Straits of
Dover, between Dover in England and Calais in the French state
..3/ Culfor Melaka Malacca Strait
between Malaysia and Sumatra
..4/ Gwladféydd y Culfor Straits
Settlements = a former English colony made up of Singapore, Penang, Malacca,
Labuan and other islands
3 In Casllwchwr in the county of Abertawe there is a road called
“Culfor Road” (which would be Heol y
Culfor in Welsh)
ETYMOLOGY: “narrow sea” (cul =
narrow) + soft mutation + ( môr =
sea)
:_______________________________.
Culhwch ac Olwen
‹KIL-hukh ag OL-wen› [ˡkɪlhʊx ag ˡɔlwɛn]
(masculine noun)
1 See: Mabinogion ‹ma-bi-NOG-yon› [mabɪˡnɔgjɔn]
:_______________________________.
Cumru
1 Name of a township in Berks County, Pennsylvania.
Pronounced in English as ‹KUUM-ruu› [ˡkuːmruː]. The adjacent townships are Lower Alsace Township
and Exeter Township to the north-east, Robeson Township to the east, Brecknock
Township to the south and Spring
Township to the east.
The first landowner was Hugh
Jones, who bought 1,000 acres of land in this part of Lancaster County in the
year 1732. (Berks County was formed out of Lancaster County in 1752)
It seems that the name is a form of the Welsh word Cymru ‹KƏM-ri› [ˡkəmrɪ] (= Wales), with the spelling of the vowel of the first syllable changed to
“u”.
..a/ Although “y” is the obscure vowel (“mid central unrounded vowel”) , which
also exists in English of course, there is no special symbol for it in English.
Since the letter “u” in English can represent the half-open unrounded vowel
between back and front (phonetic symbol - an inverted “v”) (as in run, sun,
hunt, etc) has almost the same sound, in Anglicising spellings of Welsh place
names it is often seen. Examples from Wales are Crymlyn > “Crumlyn” (curved valley), Dyffryn > “Duffryn” (= valley).
..b/ Another consideration is that the obscure vowel does not occur in a tonic
syllable in English, and is considered an unnatural pronunciation.
..c/ The final u of “Cymru / Cumru”,
pronounced as ‹i› [ɪ] in South Wales (and a variant ‹i› [ɪ] sound
in the north) has been reinterpreted as English “u”. If the place name had been
spelt “Cumri” in English it would have retained more of the original Welsh
pronunciation.
(There is the (unlikely) possibility that the name is Cwm (valley) and some
unknown element, but (1) this valley is not a ‘cwm’, (2) the second element
‘ru’ does not resemble any likely Welsh word, (3) in such a case the stress
would be on the last syllable, but Cumru is stressed on the first syllable.)
Following is additional information from the ‘Township of Cumru, Berks County,
Pennsylvania’ Website http://www.cumrutownship.com/home/historyofthetownship.html
:
‘The name Cumru is Welsh in origin and its name comes from the early settlers
who were Welsh’.
Hugh Jones was the first landowner. He bought one thousand acres along the
Wyomissing Creek in 1732.
Cumru Township was founded in 1737.
It originally included what is now Spring Township, the boroughs of Kenshorst,
Mohnton and Shillington, and areas that have since been incorporated into
Reading borough.
According to tax lists prepared by David Evans Jr. in 1759 there were 142
married men and 20 single men in the township.
In 1842 some residents attempted to split Cumru Township into two new
townships, but there was opposition to this. They tried again in 1845 and were
again unsuccessful.
Finally a third attempt in 1850 was successful and Cumru Township was divided
into two areas of the same size, and Spring Township was formed from one half
of Cumru Township.
The reason was that Cumru Township was too big for holding elections and having
township meetings, and for the repair of
the roads.
The oldest church was at Ruth’s Mill, a Welsh-language Baptist Church whose
minister was the Rev. Thomas Jones.
Shillington, Mohnton and Kenshorst became boroughs and this decreased the size
of Cumru Township yet further.
Land has also been annexed by adjoining
boroughs (West Hills, Shillington, Reading) .
Agriculture is now virtually non-existent and housing and industry has been
built on the old farmland.
The address of the ‘Township of Cumru’ is 1775 Welsh Road, Mohnton,
Pennsylvania 19540.
(delwedd
7920)
History of Berks County, Pennsylvania. Morton L. Montgomery. 1886:
Among the first settlers in the counties of Philadelphia, Bucks and Chester
were large colonies of Welshmen, who purchased immense tracts of land, and when
townships were formed they gave to many the names of the places from which they
had emigrated. Among them may be named
Radnor, Haverford, Merion, Gwynedd, Uwchlan, Tredyffrin, Caernarvon,
Cumru and Breknock, these last three now being included in Berks County,
although they were formerly in Lancaster County.
See Cymru
:_______________________________.
cun ‹KIIN› [kiːn]
1 (literary word) fine, pleasant; dear, beloved
ETYMOLOGY: From Celtic. In Gaulish there was a personal name (Latinised as Counus) which contains this element
A related word is German schön (=
beautiful)
:_______________________________.
Cunllo ‹KIN-lho› [ˡkɪnɬɔ]
masculine noun
1 See Cynllo
:_______________________________.
cunnog ‹KI-nog› [ˡkɪnɔg] feminine noun
PLURAL cunogau
‹ki-NOO-gai, -e› [kɪˡnoˑgaɪ, -ɛ]
North Wales
1 milking pail
y gunnog = the pail
ETYMOLOGY: probably from Irish; in modern Irish cuinneóg ‹KIN-yoog› [kɪn’ɔːg] (= churn)
VARIANTS: there is also a diminutive form: cunogyn masculine noun ‹ki-NOO-gin› [kɪˡnoˑgɪn]
:_______________________________.
cunnog laeth ‹KI-nog LAITH› [ˡkɪnɔg ˡlaɪθ] feminine noun
PLURAL cunogau
llaeth ‹ki-NOO-gai, -ge, LHAITH› [kɪˡnoˑgai, -ɛ ˡɬaɪθ]
North Wales
1 milking pail
ETYMOLOGY: (cunnog = pail) + soft
mutation + (llaeth = milk)
:_______________________________.
cunnog odro ‹KI-nog
O-dro› [ˡkɪnɔg ˡɔdrɔ] feminine noun
PLURAL cunogiaid
godro ‹ki-NOO-gai, -ge, GO-dro› [kɪˡnoˑgai, -ɛ ˡgɔdrɔ]
North Wales
1 milking pail
ETYMOLOGY: (cunnog = pail) + soft
mutation + (godro = to milk)
:_______________________________.
cunogyn ‹ki-NOO-gin› [kɪˡnoˑgɪn] masculine noun
See: cunnog
:_______________________________.
cupreswydden ‹ki-pres-WƏ-dhen› [kɪprɛsˡwəðɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL cupreswydd ‹ki-PRES-widh› [kɪˡprɛswɪð]
1 cypress
y gupreswydden = the cypress
ETYMOLOGY: (cupres- cypress tree) + soft mutation + (gwydden = tree); <
Latin cyparrisus < Greek kuparissos
:_______________________________.
Cupros ‹KI-pros› [ˡkɪprɔs] feminine noun
1 Cyprus
ETYMOLOGY: Greek Kŷpros
:_______________________________.
cur ‹KIIR› [kiːr] masculine noun
PLURAL curiau
‹KIR-yai, -ye› [ˡkɪrjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 North Wales pain
2 North Wales cur yn y pen headache;
Mae gen i gur yn y pen I’ve got a
headache ("I’ve got a pain in the head")
3 throbbing
4 obsolete battle
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cur < British
< Latin cûra (= care, attention,
treatment);
From the same British root: Breton kur =
beating, hitting
:_______________________________.
curad ‹KII-rad› [ˡkiˑrad] masculine noun
PLURAL curadiaid
‹ki-RAD-yaid, -yed› [kɪˡradjaɪd, -ɛd]
1 in the Anglican church, curate = deputy to a parish priest (a vicar or a
rector)
2 Anglican clergyman who has charge of a parish; also curad mewn gofal (curate-in-charge)
Drws Yr Eglwys Weledig Wedi
Ei Agor Yn Lled y Pen, Fel y Gallo Credinwyr a Phlant Bychain Ddyfod I Mewn
(1799) Gan Thomas Jones, Curad Creaton yn Sir Northampton The door of the visible church
opened wide so that believers and little children can come in, by Thomas Jones,
Curate of Creaton in the county of Northampton
Thomas Jones (Yr Hafod,
Ceredigion 1752-1845)
(delwedd 7610)
ETYMOLOGY: adaptation of Middle English curat
(modern English curate) < Latin cûrâtus < cûra (= spiritual care)
VARIANTS: Also ciwrad
:_______________________________.
curadiaeth ‹ki-RAD-yaith, -yeth› [kɪˡradjaɪθ, -ɛθ] feminine noun
PLURAL curadiaethau
‹ki-rad-YEI-thai, -e› [kɪradˡjəɪθaɪ, -ɛ]
1 curacy, the position of a curate
y guradiaeth = the curacy
Daliodd guradiaeth Llanegryn am chwarter canrif
He had the curacy of Llanegryn for a quarter
of a century
ETYMOLOGY: (curad = curate) + (-iaeth)
:_______________________________.
curadur ‹ki-RAA-dir› [kɪˡrɑˑdɪr] masculine noun
PLURAL curaduron,
curaduriaid
‹ki-ra-DII-ron,-ki-ra-DIR-yaid, -yed› [kɪraˡdiˑrɔn,kɪraˡdɪrjaɪd, -ɛd]
1 curator = person in charge of the exhibits in a museum or in an art gallery;
can be, but is not necessarily, the museum director
ETYMOLOGY: adaptation of the Latin word curator
(used in English in the sense of museum director / museum administrator),
according to changes which loans from Latin via British into Welsh underwent; cûrâtor = person who takes charge < cûrâre = take charge < cûra = charge, care
:_______________________________.
curfa ‹KIR-va› [ˡkɪrva] feminine noun
PLURAL curféydd, curfaoedd ‹kir-VEIDH,
kir-VAA-oidh, -odh› [kɪrˡvəɪð, kɪrˡvɑˑɔɪð,
-ɔð]
North Wales
1 thrashing, beating
y gurfa = the thrashing
2 beating = act of beating
3 punishment, a beating as a punishment
cael curfa = be beaten as a
punishment
4 thrashing = defeat;
cael curfa iawn get a sound thrashing,
be soundly defeated (e.g. team in a rugby game)
ETYMOLOGY: (cur-, stem of curo = hit, beat) + (-fa suffix = action)
:_______________________________.
Curig ‹KII-rig› [ˡkiˑrɪg] (masculine noun)
1 man’s name; Llangurig - village in Powys
:_______________________________.
curn ‹KIRN› [kɪrn] feminine noun
PLURAL curnau,
cyrnau ‹KIR-nai, -e, KƏR-nai, -e› [ˡkɪr–naɪ, -nɛ, ˡkərnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 heap, mound, stack (such as a heap of stones, potatoes, straw, pyramidical
in shape)
2 (obsolete) cyrnennu ŷd
to stack corn
3 (obsolete) church spire
4 (place names) cone-shaped hill
There are three cone-shaped hills in the county of Gwynedd with curn
Y Gurn Goch the red peak
Y Gurn Ddu the black peak
Y Gurn Las the green peak
5 Y Cyrnau Place north-west
of Pen-y-wal farm on the road from Y Graig-wen (ST0690), Pont-y-pridd, to
Llanwynno (ST0295) (Rhondda Cynon Taf)
NOTE:
..a/ alternative spelling (less correct) curn
> cyrn
..b/ diminutive forms:
….1 with suffix -en : cyrnen (f), PLURAL cyrnennau
….2 with suffix –yn : cyrnyn (m), PLURAL cyrnynnau
….3 with plural suffix -os
(diminutives formed by adding -os to
a feminine noun behave as feminine singular nouns after the definite article –
there is soft mutation)
(see the entry curnos below)
ETYMOLOGY: ??
Cf. Breton kern (= peak; point; top
of the head; tonsure; hopper in a mill, crown of a hat)
:_______________________________.
curnos ‹KIR-nos› [ˡkɪrnɔs] plural
1 small heaps, small mounds, little mounds
With plural suffix -os (diminutives
formed by adding -os to a feminine
noun behave as feminine singular nouns after the definite article – there is
soft mutation)
curnos - found in place names in south Wales
........................................curnos > Y Gurnos
........................................cyrnos > Y Gyrnos
........................................ceirnos > Y Geirnos
The Blackcock Inn on Mynydd Caerffili bewteen Caer-dydd (Cardiff) and Caerffili
was known as Clwyd y Gurnos (it
became the Blackcock Inn apparently in the 1850s)
ETYMOLOGY: (curn = pile, heap) + (-os suffix for forming diminutives of
collective nouns; it is found especially with names of certain plants)
:_______________________________.
curo ‹KII-ro› [ˡkiˑrɔ] (verb)
1 to beat = strike, hit repeatedly
curo dwylo ‹KII-ro
DUI-lo› [kiˑrɔ ˡdʊɪlɔ]
to
clap hands
2 curo drwm to beat a drum, play a
drum
curo’ch drwm dros drum up support for
ffon guro drwm drumstick (“stick
(of) beating drum”)
3 to beat = to defeat
curo rhywun ar ei dir ei
hun beat someone at his / her own game (“beat someone on his own land /
ground”)
:_______________________________.
cusan, cusanau ‹KI-san,
ki-SAA-nai, -e› [ˡkɪsan, kɪˡsɑˑnaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 kiss
:_______________________________.
cusanu ‹ki-SAA-ni› [kɪˡsɑˑnɪ]
1 to kiss
cusanu (rhywun) o dan yr uchelwydd ‹ki-SAA-ni
o dan ər i-KHEL-widh› [kɪˡsɑˑnɪ ɔ
dan ər ɪˡxɛlwɪð] kiss (somebody) under the mistletoe
:_______________________________.
’cw ‹KU› [kʊ] (adverb)
1 over there (clipped form of acw)
:_______________________________.
cwar ‹KWAR› [kwar] masculine noun
PLURAL cwarrau,
cwerrydd ‹KWA-rai, -e, KWE-ridh› [ˡkwaraɪ,- ɛ, ˡkwɛrɪð]
1 South-east Wales stone quarry
(1)
Clos y Cwarra
Street name in Llanbedr y Fro (“(the) close (of) the quarries”) < cwarrau = quarries
(2) Cwarclydach
Short name: Y Cwar
District in Clydach, county of Abertawe / Swansea (“(the) quarry (of)
Clydach”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN6801
Clydach
In
the West
Wales Baptist schism in 1799, members of Salem chapel in Llangyfelach who ambraced
Arminianism took over a small chapel, built bu members of
Salem four years previously in 1795. This building was known as Capel y Cwar “(the) chapel / meeting house (in) Y Cwar”
Heol y Cwar (Englished as “Quarr
Road”). Name of a street in Clydach
(3) Cwar Du (“(the) black quarry”)
Quarry above Blaenrhondda (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(4) Cwar Llwyn-on SN9508 Name of a
quarry in Penderyn (Rhondda
Cynon Taf)
Llwyn-on is probably a farm name or house name, so this would be (“(the) quarry
(by) Llwyn-on”). (llwyn on, or llwyn onn, = ash grove, ash wood)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=187599
Penderyn
(5) Cwar Melyn (“(the) yellow
quarry”)
Quarry above Blaenrhondda (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(6) Cwar yr Offeirad (“(the) quarry
(of) the clergyman”)
Quarry above Blaen-cwm (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
The southern form of offeiriad ‹o-FEIR-yad› [ɔˡfəɪrjad] is offeir’ad / offeirad ‹o-FEI-rad› [ɔˡfəɪrad]- in fact pronounced usually as ’ff’ir’ad ‹FII-rad› [ˡfiˑrad]
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cwar < dialect
English quarr (= stone pit, quarry) < Old French *quarre < Latin quadrâre
(= to make (something) square).
The standard form chwarel < cwarel
< English quarrel < Old French
quarriere < Old French *quarre. There was dissimulation in English r-r > r-l (quarriere > quarrel)
NOTE: In South Wales there are various forms with cw- (1) cwarel, (2) cwar, (3) cware see chwarel
NOTE: cf
cwarre (South-west Wales),
chwarel (North Wales, Central Wales);
cwarel (district of Preseli, in the county of Penfro)
QUAR [kwairr], sb. i. A
quarry.
I do work in the quar vor Mr. Russell to Whipcott.
The
West Somerset Word-Book.
of Dialectal and Archaic Words and Phrases
Used in the West of Somerset and East Devon.
/ Frederick Thomas Elworthy / 1886
:_______________________________.
Y Cwar ‹ə kwar› [ə ˡkwar]
1 locality in Merthyrtudful (town and county in south-east Wales) (English name: "The Quar")
ETYMOLOGY: "the quarry"
:_______________________________.
cwarel ‹KWAA -rel› [ˡkwaˑrɛl] masculine noun
PLURAL cwareli
‹kwa-REE-li› [kwaˡreˑlɪ]
South Wales
1 quarry, stone-pit
Examples in place names in the south:
..a/ Coed y Cwarel
John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911), notes a place called Coed y Cwarel (1840) in the parish of
Tredelerch (Caer-dydd)
…b/ Penycwarel ST1793 (“(the) edge / top (of) the quarry”) A farm
north-west of Ynys-ddu and
south-east of Maesycwmwr (county of Caerffili). The farm name occurs in the
name of a nearby road - “Pen-y-Cwarel Road” - in Wyllie (ST1794), part of Y
Coed-duon (ST1797) (county of Caerffili) This would be Heol Penycwarel in Welsh
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=174077
..c/ Tanycwarel, a house in Cwmystwyth, Ceredigion, the
birthplace of Calvinistic Methodist minister Joseph Jenkins (1859-1929)
..d/
Penycwarel, a farm in Capelseion, Ceredigion
..e/
Pantycwarel, place in Llanbadarn Fawr
..f/ Cwarel Blaen-ddôl, Llandre
MARGARET/ gwraig Lewis Morgan / Cwarel Blaenddol/ yr hon
a fu farw/
Ionawr 7fed 1881/ yn 21 mlwydd oed. / Canys byw imi yw
Crist a marw sydd elw
..g/ Cwarel Uchaf,
farm in Cilerwisg SN5654, Y Felin-fach, Ceredigion
(delwedd 7405)
ETYMOLOGY: cwarel < English quarrel (showing dissimulation r-r >
r-l) < Old French quarriere from *quarre < Latin quadrâre (= to square, to make square).
(1) Dissimulation in English: the sequence r-r
became r-l
(2) modern French has carrière (= quarry)
NOTE: in the North cwarel ‹KWAA-rel› [ˡkwaˑrɛl] > chwarel ‹KHWAA-rel› [ˡxwaˑrɛl]. This northern form is considered to be the standard form in modern Welsh.
It is a feminine noun
The expected spoken form in the south-east would be cwaral with final ‹a› [a] instead of ‹e› [ɛ]
(delwedd 7423)
:_______________________________.
Cwarela ‹kwa-REE-la› [kwaˡreˑla]
1 locality in Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
English form: “Quarella”
There is a street here called “Gerddi Quarella”. In correct Welsh this would be
Gerddi’r Cwarela / Gerddi Cwarela (= Cwarela Gardens)
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (without having looked at the history of the name) this
is cwarelau (= quarries). In
south-east Wales final -au is
pronounced as -a
:_______________________________.
cwat ‹KWAT› [kwat] masculine noun
1 (South Wales) hiding place, hideaway
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cwat is formed
from the verb cwato (= to hide,
to hide oneself)
NOTE: Cambrian English (southern) cwat (= hiding place)
:_______________________________.
cwato ‹KWA-to› [ˡkwatɔ] verb
South Wales
1 verb with an object hide
Yr oedd hi’n cwato’i harian mewn hen
focs te ar y seld
She hid her money in an old tea box on the sideboard
2 verb without an object hide;
keep out of sight (Englandic: also: lie doggo)
3 chwarae cwato
(American: play hide-and-go-seek) (Englandic: play hide-and-seek)
(In North Wales: chwarae cuddio)
4 shelter
Aeth i gwato rhag y glaw He went to
shelter from the rain
ETYMOLOGY: cwato < (cwat- < dialect English quat = to hide) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
..1 cwbl (cwbwl)
‹KUU-bul› [ˡkuˑbʊl› adverb
1 completely (before an adjective)
Rych chi’n gwbl anghywir You’re quite wrong,
You’re entirely wrong, You’re very much mistaken
mynd yn gwbl groes i run directly counter to
(“go opposed / contrary to”)
2
bod wedi ei gwbl orffen be completely
finished
Mae gennyf gof amdano ym Mhontsaeson,
pan nad oedd y capel wedi ei gwbl orffen, yn 1842 neu dechrau 1843
I remember seeing him in Pontsaeson, when the chapel hadn’t been completely
finished, in 1842, or the beginning of 1843
:_______________________________.
..2 y cwbl ‹ə
KUU-bul› [ ə ˡkuˑbʊl› pronoun
1 everything, everybody, the lot, all
anghofio’r
cwbl am completely forget about
bron y cwbl ohonynt almost all of
them
dim o gwbl not at all
Dyna’r cwbl That’s all
o gwbl at all
Ond nid dyna’r cwbl o bell ffordd
But that’s not all by a long way
wedi’r cwbl after all
y cwbl neu ddim all or nothing
Nid hyn yw’r cwbl. And that’s not all
(in listing for example, advantages of some course of action; and even though
these are convincing enough for there quality or quantity, a speaker using such
a phrase announces that in fact there are more to be added to the list)
2 mae y cwbl yno sydd eisiau ei wybod
everything you need to know is there
ETYMOLOGY: y cwbl (noun) < cwbl (adjective)
:_______________________________.
cwblhau / cwpla ‹ku-bul-HAI,
KU-pla› [kʊbʊlˡhaɪ, ˡkʊpla] (verb)
1 to finish
ETYMOLOGY: (cwbl = total, entirety) + (-hau verbal suffix)
The south-eastern form cwpla seems to be the result of a shift of accent
in cwblhau (last syllable stressed). If cwblhau is stressed on the first
syllable, we can expect the final –au to become –a, a characeristic feature of
the dialect of the south-east. Also B is devoiced and becomes p at the
beginning of a final syllable in this dialect (in the same way that d > t,
and g > c in the same circumstances).
:_______________________________.
cwcan ‹ ku kan› v
(South Wales)
1
to cook
Standard Welsh: coginio
ETYMOLOGY: (cwc- < English to cook ) + (-an suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: See: cwcio
:_______________________________.
cwch ‹KUUKH,
KƏ khod› (masculine noun) (North Wales)
1 boat
cwch pysgota fishing boat
fflyd o gychod pysgota fishing fleet
2 (= cwch gwenyn) beehive
hel mêl i’r cwch feather one’s nest
= make oneself comfortable financially (ignoring the well-being of others)
(“gather honey to the hive”); be on the fiddle
:_______________________________.
cwch pysgota ‹kuukh
pə SKO ta› (masculine noun)
1 fishing boat
:_______________________________.
cwcw ‹ku
-ku› feminine noun
PLURAL cwcwod ‹ku- kû
-od›
South Wales
1 Cuculus canorus cuckoo
y gwcw = the cuckoo
Cwmygwcw farm name, Llanhenwg,
county of Mynwy (“(the) valley
(of) the cuckoo”)
(cwm = valley) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation +
(cwcw = cuckoo)
ETYMOLOGY: imitation of the bird’s call – cf. Irish cu-cú, Breton koukoug,
French coucou, Catalan cucut (all meaning cuckoo)
NOTE: Although cog (f)
is the standard word for Welsh, cwcw is common in the south
:_______________________________.
cwcwallt ‹KU
kwalht› (masculine noun)
1 cuckold
ETYMOLOGY: From English
:_______________________________.
cwd, cydau ‹KUUD,
KƏ dai, -e› (masculine noun)
1 pouch, bag
2 (South) arllwys eich cwd o flaen unbosom /
unburden yourself to (“pour out your bag in front of...”)
:_______________________________.
cwdwmo ‹ku DUU
mo› (verb)
1 (south-west) = codymo 1 fall 2 wrestle
ETYMOLOGY: codwm (= a fall)
:_______________________________.
cwdyn, ‹KUU-din› (masculine
noun)
1 bag
2 cwdyn lwcus lucky dip (in a
bag)
:_______________________________.
cweryla ‹KWE
ril› (verb)
1 to quarrel, squabble
:_______________________________.
cweryl, cwerylon ‹KWEE-ril,
kwe-RƏ-lon› (masculine noun)
1 quarrel, argument, dispute, squabble
Bu cweryl rhyngddo a’i
fab hynaf
There was a quarrel too between him and his eldest son / He quarrelled with his
eldest son too
achos y cweryl the cause of the
quarrel
gwir achos y cweryl the real cause
of the quarrel, the true cause of the quarrel
dygwyd y cweryl ger bron cyfarfod o
weinidogion
the dispute was brought to a meeting of ministers
:_______________________________.
cwestiwn,
cwestiynau ‹KWE stiun, kwe STIƏ ne› (masculine
noun)
1 question
cwestiwn syml a simple
question
cwestiwn cymhleth a complicated question
cwestiwn heb ateb iddo a question with no answer
cwestiwn heb ei ateb an unanswered question
ateb cwestiwn to answer a question
gofyn cwestiwn i (rywun) ask somebody a
question
Y cwestiwn mawr yw a fydd digon o arian i dalu
amdano?
The big question is will there be enough money to pay for it?
2 holi mil a mwy o gwestiynau ynghylch
rhywbeth ask thousands of questions about (something) (“a thousand and more
of questions”)
:_______________________________.
cwetgie <KWET-gye> [ˡkwɛtgjɛ] (masculine noun)
1 north-eastern form of coetgae (= field)
coetgae > coetg(i)e > cwetgie
(sometimes written as kwetkie in English-language documents)
Alfred
Neobard Palmer and Edward Owen, 1910, A History of Ancient Tenures of Land in
North Wales and the Marches Containing Notes on the Common and Demesne Lands of
the Lordship of Bromfield, and of the parts of Denbighshire and Flintshire
adjoining; and Suggestions for the Identification of such Lands elsewhere:
together with an Account of the rise of the Manorial System in the same
Districts
In the lordships of Hope
and Mold one of the commonest generic names for fields is "coetie" or
"coetia," evidently the same word that in old deeds and surveys is
sometimes written "kwitie," and the name is not unknown in Bromfield.
" Kwetkie " (a commoner term in Bromfield) points to
"coed-gae" (wood-field), and indicates that a very large portion of
the land now under the plough was once wooded. As a matter of fact, it occurs
frequently in those areas known to have once contained large tracts of
woodland.
:_______________________________.
cwfaint ‹KUU-vaint, -ent› masculine noun
PLURAL cwfennoedd,
cwfeiniau ‹ku-VE-noidh, -odh, ku-VEIN-yai, -e›
1 convent = a house in which nuns live
2 ysgol gwfaint PLURAL ysgolion cwfaint convent school, a
school run by nuns ("school (of) convent")
3 Llwybr Cwfaint street in Bangor
(Gwynedd). English: Convent
Lane
llwybr y cwfaint “(the) path (of)
the convent” (llwybr = valley) + (y = definite article, the) + (cwfaint = convent).
In place names the linking definite article y / yr is often omitted.
ETYMOLOGY: From English couvent, covent
(cf the London street name Covent Garden) < French (in modern French this is
couvent) < Latin convent- (= a coming together) < convenîre
(= to come together)
The English word covent has been remodelled to resemble its Latin source
word with an ‘n’, convent-
English covent > Welsh cwfent
< cwfeint < cwfaint
The change e > ei / ai in a final syllable is not usual, but
sometimes occurs. Generally it is the result of supposing that the e was
a colloquial reduction of ei / ai, and that the ‘original’ form therfore
has ei /ai.
Colloquailly such a feature is typical in the final syllable where the standard
language has ai (formerly ei) - Owain > Owen (= John), ugain
> ugen (= twenty), anifeilliaid > anifeilied (= animals), etc.
:_______________________________.
cwis, cwisiau ‹KWIS,
KWIS ye› (masculine noun)
1 quiz
ETYMOLOGY: From English quiz
:_______________________________.
cwitie ‹KWIT-yai,
-ye› [ˡkwɪtjɛ] (masculine noun)
1 north-eastern form of coetgae (= field)
coetgae > coetg(i)e > cwitie
(sometimes written as kwitie in English-language documents)
:_______________________________.
cwlltwr,
cylltyrau ‹KULH tur, kəlh TƏ re› (masculine
noun)
1 coulter, vertical cutter in a plough
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin cultrum
:_______________________________.
cwlwm, cylymau ‹KUU-lum,
kə-LƏ-mai, -e› (masculine noun)
1 knot
:_______________________________.
cwlwm cariad ‹KUU–lum
KAR-yad›
1 love knot, lovers’ knot = a bow of ribbon symbolizing the link
between two lovers
2 Cwlwm Cariad name of a
street in Y Barri (county of Bro Morgannwg)
ETYMOLOGY: “knot (of) love” (cwlwm =
knot) + (cariad = love)
:_______________________________.
cwm, cymoedd ‹KUM, KƏ
modh› (masculine noun)
1 valley
2 codi argae ar draws cwm
to dam a valley
ETYMOLOGY: British *kumba (= valley)
Cf Gaulish *kumba > Gallo-Latin > Occitan comba [ˡkumbo] (= valley), French combe (=
valley), Catalan coma (= hollow; cirque; mountain pasture)
:_______________________________.
Cwmalarch ‹kum-AA-larkh›
1 name of a street in Aberpennar (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (“Cwm
Alarch” on maps)
ETYMOLOGY: “cwm yr alarch” (the) valley (of) the swan
(cwm = valley) + (yr = definite article, the) + (alarch = swan).
In place names the linking definite article y / yr is often omitted cwm yr alarch > cwm alarch
:_______________________________.
Cwm-brân ‹kum BRAAN› (feminine noun)
1 town in the south-east
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/3053782
Cwm-brân
:_______________________________.
Cwmbreg ‹KUM
breg› (feminine noun)
1 Cumbrian, language related to Welsh which was spoken in Cumbria
(now the English county of Cumbria, formerly Cumberland, which adjoins
Lancashire to the south - the area is also known as the ‘Lake District’) until
its extinction in around 1100
y Gwmbreg = the Cumbrian language
:_______________________________.
Cwmbychan ‹kum-BƏ-khan›
1 street name in Porthtywyn / Burry Port (county of Caerfyrddin /
Carmarthen) (spelt as “Cwm Bychan”)
ETYMOLOGY: y cwm bychan “the little valley” (y definite article)
+ (cwm = valley) + (bychan = small)
:_______________________________.
Cwm Clydach ‹kum KLƏ-dakh›
1 SN0738 valley by Nyfer (English: Nevern) in the county of Penfro
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/218589
Cwm Clydach
2 SN6804 valley by Cwm-cefn-parc (county of Abertawe)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=184026
map
ETYMOLOGY: ‘valley of the
Clydach stream’ cwm
Clydach (cwm =
valley) + (Clydach)
:_______________________________.
Cwmclydach ‹kum-KLƏ-dakh›
1 SS9793 Village in Cwm Rhondda / the Rhondda Valley, adjoining
Tonypandy
English name: Clydach Vale
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS9793
:_______________________________.
cwmni, cwmnïau ‹KUM ni,
kum NI e› (masculine noun)
1 company = group of people
mynd i gwmni drwg fall in with a
bad lot (“go into bad company”)
(mynd = to go) + (i
= to) + soft mutation + (cwmni =
company) + (drwg = bad)
dilyn cwmni drwg follow bad company, hang around with the wrong crowd
2 company = companionship, presence, condition of being with another
person or other people
Dymunwn gael pleser eich cwmni We
request the pleasure of your company
(“we desire (the) getting (the) pleasure (of) your company”)
3 company = business
organisation
..1/ cwmni adeiladu ‹KUM ni
a dei LA di› building company, construction company
..2/ cwmni buddsoddi ymddiriedaethol ‹KUM ni
bidh SO dhi əm dhi ri e DEI thol›
investment trust
..3/ cwmni cyllido finance compnay,
one which finances HP (higher-purchase) sales
..4/ cwmni datblygu ‹kum ni
dat BLƏ gi› (USA: construction company) (Englandic: developers)
..5/ cwmni hedfan ‹kum ni
HED van› airline
..6/ cwmni yswiriant ‹kum ni
ə SWIR yant› insurance company
cwmni gwneud peiriannau engineering company (“company of making
machines”)
cwmni gwneud melysion confectionery company (“company of making sweets”)
cwmni gwneud dodrefn furniture company
cwmni gwneud dillad clothes company
4 theatr cwmni repertory theatre
:_______________________________.
Cwm Rhondda ‹kum hron-dha›
1 valley in south-east Wales in the form of a letter Y.
The main branch is on the left (Rhondda Fawr river; and the villages / towns of
Tynewydd, Treherbert, Treorci, Pentre, Ystrad-dyfodwg,
Tonypandy, Trealaw)
Sometimes called in English “the western Rhondda valley”, and formerly it was
one of the valley’s two parliamentary constituencies – “Rhondda West /
Gorllewin Rhondda”
The lesser branch on the right (Rhondda Fach river; Y Maerdy, Glynrhedynnog, and Ynys-hir).
Sometimes called in English “the eastern Rhondda valley”, and formerly it was
one of the valley’s two parliamentary constituencies – “Rhondda East / Dwyrain Rhondda”
The branches come together at Y Porth (or more exactly at Y Cymer, or Cymer
Rhondda), now part of Y Porth).
Below is the village of Trehafod.
The river Rhondda flows into the Taf at the town of Pont-ty-pridd
ETYMOLOGY: "(the) valley (of the river) Rhondda" (cwm = valley) + (Rhondda = the Rhondda river).
See the entry Rhondda for the explanation of the river name.
NOTE: also: Y Rhondda (= the Rhondda
valley); yn y Rhondda (= in the
Rhondda valley)
:_______________________________.
Cwm Rhondda Fach ‹kum hron-dha vaakh›
1 the eastern Rhondda valley in which are situated Y Maerdy, Glynrhedynnog, and Ynys-hir
ETYMOLOGY: "(the) valley (of the river) Rhondda Fach" (cwm = valley) + (Rhondda Fach = the little Rhondda river)
:_______________________________.
Cwm Rhondda Fawr ‹kum hron-dha vaur›
1 the western Rhondda valley in which are situated Tynewydd, Treherbert, Treorci, Pentre, Ystrad-dyfodwg, Tonypandy, and Trealaw
ETYMOLOGY: "(the) valley (of the river) Rhondda Fawr" (cwm = valley) + (Rhondda Fawr = the great Rhondda river)
:_______________________________.
cwmpas,
cwmpasoedd ‹KUM pas, kum PA sodh› (masculine noun)
1 compass
2 o fewn cwmpas
deng milltir within a radius of ten miles
:_______________________________.
Cwm-sgou ‹kum-SKOI› masculine
noun
1 Local form of Cwm-ynɥs-gou / Cwm-ynɥs-gau ST2899, south-east of Pont-y-pŵl, in the county of Torfaen
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST2899
map
(cwm = valley), (ynys = river meadow,
water meadow, island) + soft mutation + (cou /
cau = enclosed)
"valley of the enclosed meadow", probably referring to a meadow
enclosed to keep out cattle.
The name shows the reduction of the element ynɥs > ys > s before the accented syllable
Possibly:
..a/ Cwm-ynys-gau > Cwm-’ys-gau (loss of the
first syllable of ynys, which occued in many place-names in the south-east. See ynys)
..b/ Cwm-’ys-gau >
Cwm-y-sgau The name reinterpreted as if with a linking definite article. There are
many examples in place-names of false definite articles resulting from the
attrition of a pretonic or pre-pretonic
initial syllable.
..c/ Cwm-y-sgau > Cwm-sgau Loss of this supposed linking
definite article. The dropping of a linking definite article is a common
feature in Welsh place names
:_______________________________.
Cwm-sgwt ‹kum-
sgut› feminine noun
1 ST0591 locality by Trehafod (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf),
south-east Wales
Alternative name: Pwllhywel
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST0591
2
name for any uninteresting or remote village in Wales whose affairs are of no
interest to anybody else (American: cf Podunk, imaginary dull old-fashioned
place)
Cwmsgwt a'r Bondo another name for
an uninteresting or unimportant village) (bondo = eaves of a house)
(Maent) yn gorfodi cynulleidfa eang
Radio Cymru i wrando ar eu 'chats' bach cyfforddus ar bolisiau addysg cyngor Cwmsgwt a'r
Bondo (Cymro 05 07 95)
They oblige the wide audience of Radio Cymru to listen to their comfortable
little chats on the education policies of the Cwm-sgwt and Y Bondo local
authorities
3 “placeholder name”, the name used to represent any village or town
or city name in specimen forms where an actual name is required; in England,
often ‘Anytown’ is used with this sense
Man cyfarfod:
(e.e Festri Capel Tabernacl, Cwm-sgwt)
Meeting place: (e.g., vestry of the ‘Tabernacl’ chapel, Cwm-sgwt)
“Fe
raddiais yn ddiweddar o Brifysgol Cwm-sgwt gyda gradd mewn Gweinyddiaeth
Fusnes".
“I graduated recently from the University of Cwm-sgwt with a degree in Business
Studies”
4 Aber-cwm-sgwt <a-ber-kum-SKUT> [abɛrkʊmˡskʊt] name of a non-existent village used in reply to questions such as ‘Where
have you been’ (Ble rwyt ti wedi bod?) or ‘Where are you going (Ble rwyt ti’n
mynd?) in order to reply without giving the true answer.
ETYMOLOGY: possibly “valley of the waterfall” – apparently cwm y sgwd ‹skuud› (cwm = valley) + (y definite article) + (sgwd
= (South Wales) waterfall)
NOTE: Also (incorrectly) spelt as Cwmsgwt
(hyphen required – in a
settlement name with accent on a final monosyllabic element a hyphen should
precede this final element), and Cwmscwt
(the standard spelling for this cluster is sg- rather than sc-)
:_______________________________.
cwmwd, cymydau ‹KU
mud, kə MƏ de› (masculine noun)
1 ‘kúmmud’ (neighbourhood), division of a’ kantrev’ (hundred)
:_______________________________.
Cwmwd Deuddwr ‹ku mud
DEI dhur› (feminine noun)
1 commote in the south-east
:_______________________________.
Cwmwd Isaf ‹ku mud
I a› (feminine noun)
1 division of the "kantrev" of Arllechwedd, a ‘kúmmud’
(neighbourhood) in the north-west (‘lower kúmmud)
:_______________________________.
Cwmwd Uchaf ‹ku mud
I kha› (feminine noun)
1 division of the "kantrev" of Arllechwedd, a ‘kúmmud’
(neighbourhood) in the north-west (‘upper kúmmud)
:_______________________________.
cwmwl, cymylau ‹KU-mul,
kə-MƏ-lai, -e› [ˡkʊmʊl, kəˡməlaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 cloud = a mass
of water vapour in the sky, floating over the earth
cysgod cwmwl the shadow of a cloud
ar ben y
mynydd mae cwmwl gwyn on the mountain top there’s a
white cloud
mae â'i ben yn y cymylau he
lives in a dream world, he has his head in the clouds ("he is with his
head in the clouds")
2 cloud (of steam, gas,
dust, sand, smoke); a mass of
particles in the air
cwmwl o
nwy folcanig a cloud of volcanic gas
jerbil yn tyrchu'n orffwyll cyn diflannu mewn cwmwl o dywod
a gerbil frantically digging away before disappearing in a cloud of sand
Stopiodd y car mewn cwmwl o lwch a dail o flaen y glwyd
The car stipped in a cloud of dust and leaves in front of the gate
3 (birds) cloud, crowd,
mass, flock; a mass of birds moving together
cwmwl o adar a mass of birds
welais lu o frain yn disgyn yn gwmwl ar y cae pys
I saw a flock of crows landing in a crowd on the pea field
4 (flying insects) cloud,
swarm; ; a mass of insects moving together
cwmwl o bryfed dros y pwll nofio a cloud of insects above the swimming
pool
5 Gorsedd y Cwmwl name of a mountain south of Trevelin in the
Argentinian Andes (the Welsh name is the official name; it has no Castilian
equivalent)
“(the) throne (of) the cloud” (gorsedd
= throne) + (y the, definite
article) + (cwmwl = cloud)
6 dan gwmwl behind a cloud (‘under a cloud’)
(yr haul yn) mynd o dan gwmwl
..1/ the sun disappearing behind a cloud, the sun ceasing to shine
..2/ (figurative) (of unhappiness) (the sun being obscured by clouds)
Cyrhaedodd y newydd ei bod wedi marw y
noson gynt. Aeth yr haul
o dan gwmwl
The news arrived that she had died the previous night. The sun stopped shining
bod dan gwmwl be under a cloud,
under reproach or suspicion, in disgrace
7 types of cloud
cymylau blew geifr = cirrus clouds
(“clouds (of the) hair (of) goats”)
cymylau boliog (South-west) cirrostratus (“big-bellied clouds“)
cymylau duon rain clouds (“black clouds”)
8 cwmwl siwgwr (USA: cotton candy)
(Englandic: candy floss) ("cloud (of) sugar")
(Also: blew siwgwr, candi-fflòs)
9 cloud = something that carries gloom
Dywedodd gweinidog y capel fod cwmwl wedi disgyn ar y pentre ar ôl i’r
trigolion glywed am farwolaeth y ddau fachgen
The chapel minister said that a cloud had descended on the village after the
villagers heard of the deaths of the two boys
Daeth cwmwl o dristwch dros y gymdogaeth pan fu Miss Williams, Tŷ’r-nant,
farw
A great sadness fell on the neighbourhood (“a cloud of sadness came over
the neighbourhood) when Miss Williams of Tŷ’r-nant died
Cwmwl du ar ein cymydogaeth oedd ei symudiad i Ddinbych i fyw.
His removal to live in Dinbych was an unhappy occasion for our
neighbourhood (“was a black cloud on our neighbourhood”)
10 cloud = something that threatens
taflu cwmwl dros (rywbeth) cast a cloud over (something)
Siop siafins fu ymweliad y côr unedig agAmérica. Mae'r ffiasgo o daith wedi
taflu cwmwl pellach dros ddyfodol y côr hwnnw
The united choir’s visit to America was a disaster. The fiasgo of a journey
has cast a further cloud on the future of that choir
yr haul yn mynd o dan gwmwl (1) the sun disappearing behind a cloud (2)
(figurative) the sun stopping shining,
Cyrhaedodd y newydd ei bod wedi marw y noson gynt. Aeth yr haul o dan gwmwl
The news arrived that she
had died the previous night. The sun stopped shining / A blackness descended
upon me
bod dan gwmwl be under a cloud, under reproach or suspicion, in disgrace
canmol (rhywun / rhywbeth) i'r cymylau to praise (someone / something) ot the skies
(“praise to the clouds”)
rhegu (rhywun / rhywbeth) i'r cymylau to curse (someone / something) to the devil
ETYMOLOGY: cwmwl < Old Welsh *cwml < Latin *cumblus < *cumlus / cum’lus < cumulus
This
is a learnèd borrowing – if it had passed from spoken Latin to British and into
Welsh the expected form would be *cyfwl.
From the same British root: Breton koumoul (= cloud)
:_______________________________.
Cwmystwyth ‹kum-Ə-stuith› [kʊmˡəstʊɪθ]
1 village in north Ceredigion
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) valley (of) (the river) Ystwyth”
(cwm = valley) + (Ystwyth river name; =
sinuous, winding)
:_______________________________.
Cwm-y-glo ‹kum-ə-GLOO› [kʊməˡgloː]
1 SN5513 farm name, Cefneithin (Caerfyrddin) (spelt “Cwm-y-glo”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN5513
map
2 locality in Merthyrtudful
Parish Register: 24th
Oct., 1762 — Buried Rees Richard, Bailiff, Cwmyglo
ETYMOLOGY:
(“(the) valley (of) the coal”, coal valley)
(cwm = valley) + (y = definite article) + (glo = coal; charcoal)
:_______________________________.
Cwmygwcw ‹kum-ə-GU-ku› [kʊməˡgʊkʊ]
1 farm name, Llanhenwg ST3592, county of Mynwy
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) valley (of) the cuckoo”, cuckoo valley)
(cwm = valley) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation +
(cwcw = cuckoo)
Although cog (f) is the standard word for Welsh, cwcw is common
in the south
:_______________________________.
Cwm-ynys-gau ‹kum Ə-nis
GAI› [kʊm ˡənɪs ˡgaɪ]
1 ST2899 farm in the county of
Torfaen, South-east Wales
Local form: Cwm-ynys-gou, Cwm-sgou
2 name of an electoral ward in this locality, represented by a
councillor on Torfaen county council
(delwedd 7402)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST%202899 map
ETYMOLOGY:
Either “(the) valley (of) Ynys-gau (farm)”
(if there was such a farm)
or
"(the) valley (of) the enclosed river meadow",
(cwm = valley), (ynys = river meadow, island) + soft mutation + (cou / cau = enclosed)
NOTE: In the south, in many monosyllables with au in the standard language, the colloquial language maintains an
older pronunciation with ou ‹OI› [ɔɪ], hence Ynys-gou ‹Ə-nis
GOI› [ˡənɪs ˡgɔɪ].
In the south there are many place names where the element ynys before an
accented syllable is reduced to s,
which explains the form Cwm-sgou.
The ‘English’ form is "Cwmynyscoy", which reflects the local form,
but gou after s has been perceived as ‹SKOI› [skɔɪ], ignoring the soft
mutation with ‹g› [g]
NOTE: On English-language maps as Cwmynyscoy
:_______________________________.
cwn! ‹KUN› [kʊn] verb
1 (South-east Wales) imperative (2 singular) of cwnnu (= lift up; get up)
Cwn ar unwaith! Get up at once!
Cwn dy galon! Cheer up! (“Lift-up /
raise your heart”)
:_______________________________.
cŵn ‹KUUN› [kuːn] (plural noun)
1 dogs; see ci
:_______________________________.
cwna ‹KUU-na› [ˡkuˑna] verb
1 (bitch) be in heat. See cyna
:_______________________________.
cŵn Annwfn ‹kuun A-nuvn› [kuːn ˡanʊvn]
NOTE: colloquial form: cŵn Annwn
‹kuun A-nun› [kuːn ˡanʊn]
1 (folk belief) the hounds of hell, hunting dogs which are supposed to cross
the sky at night
2 (said of bad weather)
Dyna noswith! Ma Cŵn Annwn ar led
(h)eno
What a night! The “Cŵn Annwn” are about tonight
(Example from Nantgarw (ST1285, county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) in the magazine
“Llafar Gwlad” Mai 1993)
:_______________________________.
cŵn Ebrill ‹kuun E-brilh› [kuːn ˡɛbrɪɬ]
See: ci Ebrill
:_______________________________.
cwningar ‹
ku-NI-ngar› [kʊˡnɪŋar] feminine noun
PLURAL cwningaroedd,
cwningaro’dd ‹ ku-ni-GAA-roidh, -odh› [kʊnɪˡŋaˑrɔɪð,
-rɔð]
1 rabbit warren
This is the only form given in Geiriadur
Arlein yr Academi Saesneg-Cymraeg / The Welsh Academy English-Welsh Dictionary
Online. However GPC (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / The University of Wales
Dictionary) has “cwninger, cwningar” as
a double headword, suggesting that cwninger
is standard and cwningar a
variant.
See cwninger
:_______________________________.
cwningen ‹ku-NI-ngen› [kʊˡnɪŋɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL cwningod
‹ku-NI-ngod› [kʊˡnɪŋɔd]
1 rabbit = animal of the hare family, Oryctolagus
cuniculus
y gwningen = the
rabbit
2 rabbit = (USA) Sylvilagus
floridanus eastern cottontail rabbit
3 bwch cwningen plural bychod cwningod buck rabbit, male
rabbit
cwningen fenyw plural cwningod benyw doe rabbit, female rabbit
cwningen fôr plural cwningod môr rabbit fish
cwt cwningen plural cytiau cwningod rabbit hutch
cyw cwningen plural cywion cwningod young rabbit
twll cwningen plural tyllau cwningod rabbit hole
waren cwningen plural warens cwningod rabbit warren
4 fel cwningen like a
rabbit
Mae hi’n ei wneud e fel cwningen (said of a woman with a voracious sexual appetite) She’s like a bunny
rabbit, She goes at it like a bunny rabbit (“she does it like a rabbit”)
5 magu fel cwningod breed like
rabbits
ETYMOLOGY: cwningen < (cwning = rabbit) + (-en diminutive suffix); cwning < obsolete English coning (= rabbit)
NOTE:
There are southern forms with initial g –
(1) gwningen ‹gu-NI-ngen› [gʊˡnɪŋɛn]
(2) gweningen ‹gwe-NI-ngen› [gwɛˡnɪŋɛn]
(3) gwiningen ‹gwi-NI-ngen› [gwɪˡnɪŋɛn]
In the south-east gwningan (rabbit),
yr wningan (the rabbit)
Also gwyningen (tafodiaith Ceredigion /
Cardiganshire dialect)
Dyw llawer o honynt ddim yn gwbod gwahaniaeth
rhwng swarnog a gwyningen ar ol iddynt gael eu cwcia
Y Brython
Cymreig 5 Tachwedd 1897
Many of them
don’t know the difference between a hare and a rabbit after they’re cooked
:_______________________________.
cwninger ‹ku-NI-nger› [kʊˡnɪŋɛr] feminine noun
PLURAL cwningeroedd, cwningero’dd ‹
ku-ni-GEE-roidh, -odh› [kʊnɪˡŋeˑrɔɪð, -rɔð]
1 rabbit warren, coneyger (this word is now obsolete in England, but survives in place names) = (1) land
enclosed to breed rabbits; (2) rabbit burrows in open land. Also in obsolete
English coneyburrow, coneygarth, coney gree, cony warren
y gwninger the warren, the rabbit
warren
2
Occurs
in place names, often simply as Y
Gwninger / Y Gwningar:
.....
Coed y Gwyningar
In Sir Ddinbych / Denbighshire, near
Bron-y-garth yn Swydd Amwythig / Shropshire, there is a Gwyningar Wood ans
Gwyningar Cottage
https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2875288
.....
Y Gwningar common place name
SH4164
Niwbwrch, Ynys
Môn / Anglesey. Names of a warren (called by the English “Newborough Warren”,
and a nearby farm.
https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4677036
(On the O.S.
Maps as Cwnhingar (a possible local form) and Cwninghar (an erroneous
spelling))
.....
Y Gwninger SH8156 a farm by Capelgarmon
(county of Conwy, north-west Wales)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH8156
(delwedd 9457)
.....
Tir Cwninger (lost name in Yr Eglwysnewydd, Caer-dydd). According
to John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911): "Tireconynger"... Forty-one
acres in the demesne land of the lordship of Whitchurch (1492)” (Meaning: “land
(of) warren”, warren land) (tir + cwningar as a qualifier) (cf tir ffridd =
mountain pasture – land + mountain pasture, rough grazing; tir porfa = pasture
– land + pasture)
3 cwning-gaer ‹ku-NING-gair› [kʊˡnɪŋgaɪr] a reformation of the word through supposing that
it is “rabbit fortress”(cwning =
rabbit) + soft mutation + (caer =
fortress)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cwninger < Middle English conynger (= rabbit warren) < Old French coniniere /
coniliere < Latin cunicularium
< cunîculus (= rabbit).
NOTE: Modern English generally
has conyger (with loss of the ‘n’)
and variants of this: Coneyger, Coneygar, Coneygear, Coneygere, Coneygree, Congreve. As a common noun it is
obsolete, but is common in field names and other place names. The name is to be
found in England, Scotland and Ireland in various locations, in varying forms:
etc
Thesaurus Linguae Latinae Compendiarius; or A Compendious Dictionary
of the Latin Tongue: Designed for the Use of the British Nation. 1751.
Cunicularium, ii. n. A coney gree, or coneyburrow.
|
|
.....
a/ Coneygear
Park TL2473
https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4734006,
and Coneygear Road, in Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire;
b/ Coneygear
Wood SK844298 in Croxton
Kerrial, Leicestershire, near Grantham.
c/ There is a street called Coneygere in Olney, Buckinghamshire
|
...but
there is a great mass of local knowledge which, unless it is garnered within
the next few years, will have disappeared altogether. Rural areas are absorbed
into urban districts, and built over. The old field-names are forgotten, and
when we want to explain an ancient name by a study of its topography, the
whereabouts of the place in question can no longer be determined. Even in
rural areas field-names are constantly changing, new names often of no
interest or significance are taking the place of the older ones, or, again
and again, fields seem to have become practically nameless. Farmers and
labourers have so far forgotten the significance of old words once in common
use in farming operations that they or their children will record the name of
a field once called The Balk as Bork, fields once called Starts (i.e. starts
or tails of land) as Starch, fields called Coneygree (i.e. rabbit warren) as Coney Grey,
Cun-a-gree, etc., etc. In field-names, as in place names, we are suffering
badly from the vagaries of a new generation which has lost touch with the
traditional features of the countryside because only too often it is
receiving an urban rather than a rural education.
|
.....
:_______________________________.
cwningwr ‹ku-NI-ngur› [kʊˡnɪŋʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL cwningwyr ‹ku-NING-wir› [kʊˡnɪŋwɪr]
1 warrener = person who looks after a warren
2 rabbit trapper
ETYMOLOGY: (cwning = rabbit) + (-wr agent suffix, ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
cwnnu ‹KU-ni› [ˡkʊnɪ]
1 (South Wales) lift up; get up
Cwn! imperative (2 singular) l
Cwn ar unwaith! Get up at once!
Cwn dy galon Cheer up! (“Lift-up /
raise your heart”)
:_______________________________.
cwnsierwr ‹kun-SHEE-rur› [kʊnˡʃeˑrʊr]
PLURAL
cwnsierwyr, cwnsierwrs ‹kun-SHER-wir,
kun-SHEE-rurs› [ kʊnˡʃeˑrwɪr,
kʊnˡʃeˑrʊrs]
1 (South Wales) village sorceror, ‘conjurer’(standard Welsh: dyn hysbys)
The West Somerset Word-Book.
of Dialectal and Archaic Words and Phrases
Used in the West of Somerset and East Devon.
/ Frederick Thomas Elworthy / 1886.
WHITE-WITCH
[wee-t-wee-ch], sb. A magician; astrologer;
a male fortune-teller. The word witch is in this sense as often
applied to a man as to a woman. I knew a man for a great many
years, originally as a shoemaker, but who gave up his trade to
practise as a " witch." He was known up to his death as
"Conjuror B . . ." He had regularly printed business cards with
his name and address, and underneath, " Nativities cast, Questions
answered."
:_______________________________.
cwnstabl
(cwnstab), cwnstabliaid ‹KUN-stabl,
KUN-stab, kun-STABL-yaid, -yed› [ˡkʊnstabl, ˡkʊnstab, kʊnˡstabljaɪd,
-ɛd] (masculine noun)
1 constable (lowest police rank)
2 historically, constable = governor of a castle
:_______________________________.
Cwnsyllt ‹KUN-səlht› [ˡkʊnsəɬt] (feminine noun)
1 cwmwd, north-east Wales. English name: Coleshill
:_______________________________.
cwota, cwotâu ‹KWO-ta,
kwo-TAI› [ˡkwɔta, kwɔˡtaɪ] (masculine noun)
1 quota
2 cwota mewnforio import quota
:_______________________________.
cwpan, cwpanau ‹KU-pan,
ku-PAA-nai, -e› [ˡkʊpan, kʊˡpɑˑnaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 cup
2 cwpan coffi ‹KU-pan KOO-fi› [ˡkʊpan ˡkoˑfɪ] (masculine noun)
coffee cup
3 cwpan te ‹KU-pan TEE› [ˡkʊpan ˡteː] (masculine noun)
teacup
4 cwpan wy ‹ku-pan
UI› [ˡkʊpan ˡʊɪ] (masculine noun)
eggcup
5 troi fel cwpan mewn dŵr (said of someone
being indecisive) be chopping and changing (“turn like a cup in water”)
6 cup = trophy
Cwmpan y Byd the World Cup
:_______________________________.
cwpanaid ‹ku-PA-naid, ed› [kʊˡpɑˑnaɪd, -ɛd] masculine or
feminine noun
PLURAL cwpaneidiau
‹ku-pan-EID-yai, -e› [kʊpanˡəɪdjaɪ, -ɛ]
1
cupful = the capacity or contents of a cup
(North Wales) cwpanaid o de cup of
tea
Colloquially paned o de, paned (e-zone), panad o de, panad (a-zone),
Tisio panad? / Ti isio panad?
(Northern) = a wyt ti eisiau
cwpanaid (o de) Would you like a cup of tea?
In the south, a cup of tea is usually (in traditional Welsh) a ‘dishful’ of tea
– dysglaid >
dishgled / dishglad (dysgl = dish, -aid suffix = -ful)
Licat ti gaal dishglad o de? Would you like to have a cup of tea? (a
liciet ti gael dysglaid o de)
NOTE 1: (South Wales) masculine noun (y cwpanaid); (North Wales) feminine noun (y gwpanaid)
NOTE 2: sometimes cypanaid with ‘y’
instead cwpanaid with ‘w’
NOTE 3: the colloquial form i ’paned
..a/ cwpanaid > cwpaned (reduction of the diphthong in
the final syllable). This reduction is typical of spoken Welsh (ae, ai, au in
the final syllable are reduced to e).
..b/ cwpaned > ’paned
(loss of the first syllable). This is also a very common feature of spoken
Welsh – as in hosan (= sock), hosannau (socks), generally ’sanne
In north-west Wales (an “a-zone”, an area where final ‘e’ becomes ‘a’) paned
> panad
ETYMOLOGY: (cwpan = cup) + (-aid suffix which indicates ‘capacity’)
:_______________________________.
cwpaned ‹ku-PA-ned› [kʊˡpɑˑnɛd] (feminine noun)
1 cupful; see cwpanaid
:_______________________________.
cwpla ‹KU-pla› [ˡkʊpla] (verb) (South Wales)
1 to finish
:_______________________________.
cwplach ‹KU-plakh› [ˡkʊplax] (plural noun) (South Wales)
1 pair
:_______________________________.
cwpwl, cyplau ‹KU-pul,
KƏ-ple› [ˡkʊpʊl, ˡkəplaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 couple
2
(South Wales) cwpwl piwr (amount)
appreciable, sizable
cwpwl piwr o quite a number of (things),
quite a few (things), a good few (things)
:_______________________________.
cwpwrdd,
cwpyrddau ‹KU-purdh, ku-PƏR-dhai, e› [ˡkʊpʊrð, kʊˡpərðaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 cupboard
:_______________________________.
cwpwrdd cornel ‹KU-purdh
KOR-nel› [ˡkʊpʊrð ˡkɔrnɛl] (masculine noun)
1 corner cupboard
:_______________________________.
cwpwrdd dillad ‹KU-purdh
-DI-lhad› [ˡkʊpʊrð ˡdɪɬad] (masculine noun)
1 clothes cupboard, wardrobe
:_______________________________.
cwpwrdd rhew ‹KU-purdh
RHEU› [ˡkʊpʊrð ˡrhɛʊ] (masculine noun)
1 freezer
:_______________________________.
cwpwrdd tridarn ‹KU-purdh
TRII-darn› [ˡkʊpʊrð ˡtriˑdarn] (masculine noun)
1 three-piece cupboard
:_______________________________.
..1 cwr, cyrion ‹KUR, KƏR-yon› [ˡkʊr,ˡkərjɔn] (masculine noun)
1 corner
mynd i bob cwr o
Gymru a thu hwnt to go to
every corner of Wales and beyond
2 o’i gwr from beginnng to end
darllen (rhywbeth) o’i gwr read (something)
in its entirety, read all of (something)
:_______________________________.
..2 cwr ‹KUR› [kʊr]
1. A colloquial form of cwrdd (â)
(= to meet)
mynd i gwr rhywun go to meet someone
Also cŵr ‹KUUR› [kuːr]
(with a long vowel)
:_______________________________.
cŵr ‹KUUR› [kuːr]
1. A colloquial form of cwrdd (â)
(= to meet)
mynd i gŵr rhywun go to meet someone
Also cwr ‹KUR› [kʊr] (with
a short vowel)
:_______________________________.
cwrbitsh ‹KUR-bich› [ˡkʊrbɪʧ] m
(North Wales)
1
thrashing
rhoi cwrbitsh i (rywun) give
sombeody a thrashing, beat somebody up
ETYMOLOGY: Unknown. Seems to be an English word.
NOTE: Equivalent to crasfa ‹KRAS-va› [ˡkrasva] etc in South Wales
:_______________________________.
cwrdd ‹KURDH› [kʊrð] verb
1 meet, come together
2 cwrdd â ‹KURDH
aa› [kʊrð ɑː] meet
mynd i gwrdd â rhywun go to meet (someone)
Mae’n dda gen i gwrdd â chi Pleased to meet you
cwrdd (â rhywun) hanner ffordd meet (someone) halfway,
to compromise
3 Often in the south as
1/ cwrdda ‹KUR-dha› [ˡkʊrða]
and also
2/ cwrddyd â ‹KUR-dhid aa› [ˡkʊrðɪd ɑː]
In the south and north also
3/ cwr’ ‹kur› [kʊr]
and also with a long vowel
4/ cŵr’ ‹kuur› [kuːr]
mynd i gwrdda rhywun go to meet
(someone)
mynd i gwrddyd rhywun go to meet
(someone)
mynd i gwr’ rhywun go to meet
(someone)
Byddai’r ffermwyr yn mynd â’r llaeth i gwr’ y
trên a’i adael yn yr orsaf
The farmers would take the milk for transporting by train (“to meet the
train”), leaving it in the station
mynd i gŵr’
rhywun go to meet
(someone)
mynd i’w gŵr’
o go to meet him
4 cwrdd
â’ch diwedd meet your death
cwrdd â’ch trech meet more than your
match (“meet with your stronger (one)”)
cwrdd â gwrthwynebiad run up against
opposition
cwrdd â’r costau meet expenses
cwrdd â’r draul meet expenses
cwrdd â’r safon, cwrdd â’r gofynion
be up to the mark
5 (South
Wales) cwrdd â ‹KURDH
aa› [kʊrð ɑː], cwrdda ‹KUR-dha› [ˡkʊrða] touch
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cwrdd < cẃ
-wrdd < cẃ -hwrdd < cý-hwrdd
(cy- / cyf- prefix = together) +
(hwrdd = impulse, thrust, blow)
NOTE: An alternative form in colloquial Welsh is cwrddyd ‹KUR-dhid› [ˡkʊrðɪd],
which is (cwrdd) with the suffix (-yd)
:_______________________________.
cwrddyd ‹KUR-dhid› [ˡkʊrðɪd]
(South Wales)
1 cwrddyd â rhywun meet somebody
See cwrdd
:_______________________________.
Cwrdeg ‹KUR-deg› [ˡkʊrdɛg] (feminine noun, adjective)
1 Kurdish (language)
y Gwrdeg = the Kurdish language
:_______________________________.
cwrensyn du, cwrens duon ‹ku-REN-sin DII, KUU-rens
DII-on› [kʊˡrɛnsɪn ˡdiː,
ˡkuˑrɛns ˡdiˑɔn] (feminine noun)
1 blackcurrant
:_______________________________.
cwrs, cyrsiau ‹KURS,
KƏRS-yai, -ye› [ˡkʊrs, ˡkərsjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 course (= series of lessons)
2 troi afon o’i chwrs
divert a river (“turn a river from its course”)
3 gadael i natur ddilyn ei chwrs let nature take
its course
4 cwrs carlam ‹kurs KAR-lam› [kʊrs ˡkarlam] crash course, course for rapid learning
Cwrs Cymraeg a Welsh Course
Cwrs Cymraeg Llafar a Course of
Colloquial Welsh
:_______________________________.
cwrt, cyrtiau ‹KURT,
KƏRT-yai, -ye› [ˡkʊrt,ˡkərtjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 court
2 in place names
..1/ Melin-cwrt (SN8101) locality in
Castell-nedd ac Aberafan 10km north-east of Castell-nedd at the confluence of the
Clydach Isaf stream (“Melin Court Brook”) and the river Nedd.
Melin-cwrt < Melin-y-cwrt (In place names, the linking definite article
frequently is lost)
(“the) mill (of) the court”) (melin
= mill) + (y definite article) + (cwrt = court)
The English name is “Melincourt” as if the name is “the court called Melin”
The place is also
called Melinclydach (“(the) mill (on
the stream known as) Clydach (Isaf)”)
..2/ Cwrtycadno (“(the) court (of) the fox”)
3 court (in certain
sports)
cwrt tenis ‹kurt
TEE-nis› [kʊrt ˡteˑnɪs] tennis court
cwrt sboncen ‹kurt
SPON-ken› [kʊrt ˡspɔnkɛn] squash court
4 In street names (a translation of English ‘court’ which is popular in street
names in England and is found also in modern street names in English in Wales)
..a/ Cwrtaethnen
street in Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg) (spelt as ‘Cwrt Aethnen’)
‘aspen court, ‘(the) court (of) (the) aspen’
cwrt aethnen < cwrt yr aethnen (cwrt = court) + (yr = the) + (aethnen
= aspen)
..b/ Cwrteirlys street in Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg) (spelt as ‘Cwrt
Eirlys’)
‘snowdrop court, ‘(the) court (of) (the) snowdrop’
cwrt eirlys < cwrt yr eirlys (cwrt = court) + (yr = the) + (eirlys
= snowdrop)
(It could also be interpreted as ‘(the) court
(of) (a woman called) Eirlys’, but since a neighbouring street is ‘Cwrtaethnen’
(spelt ‘Cwrt Aethnen’) ‘(the) court (of) (the) aspen tree’, and other streets
refer to various plants, it seems likely that it is not the female name in this
case)
:_______________________________.
cwrw ‹KUU-ru› [ˡkuˑrʊ] masculine noun
PLURAL cwrwau,
cyrfau ‹ku-RUU-ai, -e, KƏR-vai, -e› [kʊˡruˑaɪ, -ɛ, ˡkərvaɪ, -ɛ]
1 beer
arian cwrw beer money, money set
aside for buying beer
bod golwg cwrw ar look beery, look
as though one has been drinking a lot of beer
(“be a look (of) beer on”)
bol cwrw (North), bola cwrw (South) beer belly, large
belly from drinking too much beer over the years
casgen gwrw, plural casgenni cwrw beer cask
gardd gwrw, plural gerddi cwrw beer garden
hanner peint o gwrw half a pint of
beer
gwydraid o gwrw a glass of beer
gwydryn
cwrw beer glass
jwg cwrw beer jug
mat cwrw beer mat = cardboard table mat placed under a beer mug which
serves to absorb small amounts of beer spilled from the glass, and to advertise
brewery products
mwg cwrw beer mug (glass with a
handle)
neuadd gwrw beer hall
ôl cwrw beer stain
peint o chwerw a pint of bitter
peint o gwrw a pint of beer
potelaid o gwrw bottle of beer
pot cwrw beer mug, beer tankard
potel gwrw, plural poteli cwrw beer bottle (cf cwrw potel = bottled beer)
pres cwrw beer money, money set
aside for buying beer
staen cwrw beer stain
cwrw Adda (‘(the) beer (of) Adam’) =
water
cwrw bach (qv) small beer, beer with
a very low alcohol content
cwrw brwd mulled ale (beer heated
with added sugar and spices) (‘ardent
beer’)
cwrw cadarn strong beer, strong ale
(‘strong beer’)
cwrw cartref (‘beer (of) home’) home
brew, home-brewed beer
cwrw casgen draught beer (“beer (of)
cask”)
cwrw coch brown ale (“red beer”)
cwrw chwerw bitter beer (‘bitter
beer’)
cwrw danadl nettle beer (“beer (of)
nettles”)
cwrw du stout = strong dark porter
(“black beer”)
cwrw golau pale ale (“light-coloured
beer”)
cwrw gwan small beer, beer with a
very low alcohol content (“weak beer”)
cwrw melyn bitter beer (“amber ale, yellow ale”)
cwrw mwyn mild beer (‘mild beer’)
cwrw oen (obsolete) lamb ale, beer
drunk at lamb-shearing
cwrw o’r gasgen draught beer, keg,
beer, beer on draught, beer from the keg (“beer from the cask”)
cwrw poeth warm spiced ale (‘hot beer’)
The
custom of serving all who attended the funeral with cwrrw poeth (sic) (warm
spiced ale), and if they came from a distance, with a substantial lincheon, is
rapidly becoming obsolete, except in the country, where people have to travel
several miles to be present.
(Parochial Account of Llanidloes / Edward Hamer / Chapter X / Folk-lore. Page
289 Collections Historical and Archaeological Relating to Montgomeryshire and
its Borders / 1877)
cwrw potel bottled beer (“beer
(of) bottle”) (cf potel gwrw = beer
bottle)
cwrw sinsir ginger beer (“beer (of)
ginger”)
2 Afraid gwahodd at gwrw da
Good wine needs no bush ("(it is) needless (to) invite to good
beer"). If something is good the news will get around, people will be
informed by word of mouth, and there is no need to make efforts to draw
people’s attention to it; good quality is its own publicity
3 Mae’r gwir yn y cwrw In
vino veritas (“the truth is in the beer”)
4 Place names
Cwmrhydycwrw name of a village, “the valley of Rhyd y Cwrw” (= the ford of the beer), renamed in the
1800s as Cwmrhydyceirw (Rhyd y Ceirw = ‘the ford of the
stags’) to eliminate the word cwrw
(considered offensive by supporters of temperance living there)
5 cyfrdy (obsolete) beerhouse, tavern
cyfrdy < cyrfdy (penult form of cwrf
= beer) + soft mutation + (tŷ =
house).
Modern Welsh cwrw (= beer) < cwrwf < cwrf
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cwrw [ˡkuˑrʊ] < cwrwf [ˡkuˑrʊv] < *cwryf [ˡkuˑrəv] < *cwrf [kʊrv] <
British *korm
From the same British root: Cornish korev
(= beer), Breton koref (= beer)
From the same Celtic root: Irish coirm
(= beer; drinking party; concert)
Cf related words in
non-Celtic languages:
..1/ Latin cremor (= broth, thick
juice).
This is also used as a technical term in English - Webster 1913 cremor (= cream; a substance resembling
cream; yeast; scum)
..2/ Greek kourmi (Harry Thurston
Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898); entry for Perseus:
“The beer or barley-wine of Crete was known as korma or kourmi.”).
..3/ Russian korm (= forage)
:_______________________________.
cwrw bach ‹KUU-ru
BAAKH› [ˡkuˑrʊ ˡbɑːx] masculine noun
1
small beer, weak beer
NOTE: London, 1825.
Observations on some of the dialects in the West of England particularly with a
glossary of words now in use there ; and poems and other pieces, exemplifying
the dialect. by James Jennings, Honorary Secretary of the Metropolitan Library
Institution, London. Glossary of words commonly used in the County of Somerset;
but which are not accepted as legitimate words of the English language ; or
words which, although once used generally, are now become provincial.
Ale. s. A liquor, brewed with a proportion of malt from about four to six
bushels to the hogshead of 63 gallons ; if it contain more malt it is called
beer ; if less, it is usually called small beer.
2 (South Wales) (obsolete) 'bid-ale', an evening entertainment organised to
raise money for a person with difficulties by selling beer and raffling items
:_______________________________.
cwrwgl, cyryglau
‹KUU-rug, kə-RƏ-glai, -e› [ˡkuˑrʊg, kəˡrəglaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 coracle, wickerwork boat; llight portable wicker boat in the shape
of an inverted tortoise’s shell for fishing on rivers. See corwg
ETYMOLOGY: “samll beer” (cwrw = beer) + (bach = small, little)
:_______________________________.
cwsg ‹KUSK› [kʊsk] (masculine noun)
1 sleep
2 trymgwsg deep sleep, heavy
slumber, heavy sleep (trwm = heavy) + soft mutation + ( cwsg =
sleep); bod mewn trymgwsg be in a deep sleep
NOTE: In North Wales the vowel is long: c
sg ‹KUUSK› [kuˑsk]
:_______________________________.
cwsglys ‹kusk
-lis› masculine noun
PLURAL cwsglysiau
‹kusk- lə -sye›
1 opium poppy; see cysglys
:_______________________________.
cwsmer ‹ku-smer› masculine noun
PLURAL cwsmeriaid ‹ku-smer-yed›
1 customer = a person who wishes to buy something in a shop or from a firm,
or use the service of a bank, etc
2 customer = a person who buys regularly in a shop or from a firm,
or uses the services of a bank, etc
3 customer = a drinker in a tavern or pub; holl gwsmeried y dafarn all the pub’s customers
4 ar fesur cwsmer
(clothes) made to measure, custom-made ("on measure (of) customer")
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cwsmer <
colloquial English cus’mer < cust’mer < standard English customer < (custom) + (-er); custom circa 1200 < French costume < Latin consuêtûdô (= get used to) < (con = together) + (suêscere
= be used to)
cust’mer > cus’mer, Cf the colloquial Christmas >
Chris’mas <KRIS-mos>
:_______________________________.
cwsmera ‹ku SME
ra GƏ da› (verb)
1 to shop,
to be a customer
:_______________________________.
cwstard ‹KU
stard› (masculine noun)
1 custard
2 cwstard mewn crwst ‹KU stard meun KRUST›
custard pie, custard tart
:_______________________________.
Cwstennin ‹ku-ste-nin› masculine noun
1 Maescwstennin street
name in Cyffordd Llandudno, county of Conwy
(“Maes Cwstennin”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) field (of) Constantine”)
(maes = field) + (Cwstennin < Cystennin Constantine)
2 Llangystennin
‹lhan-gə-STE-nin›, A village and parish in Conwy. According to the wikipedia entry http://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llangystennin
there is a variation of the name with “w” instead of “y”: Llangwstennin
The parish is south-east of the parish of Llan-rhos (in which Llandudno
is situated). Cyffordd Llandudno (Llandudno Junction) is in
Llangystennin parish.
(delwedd 7079)
:_______________________________.
..1 cwt, cytiau ‹KUT, KƏT
ye› (masculine noun)
1 pigsty
Also: cwt moch, cytiau moch ‹kut
MOOKH, KƏT ye MOOKH›
2 shed
,
3 bod yng nghwt y mwg be in the doghouse, in
disgrace (“in the smoke hut”)
:_______________________________.
..2 cwt, cytiau ‹KUT, KƏT
ye› (feminine noun)
1 (South Wales) queue
y gwt = the queue
tsheto'r gwt push in (in a queue),
jump a queue, jump the queue ("cheat the queue")
(in the North neidio’r ciw)
:_______________________________.
cwta ‹KU ta› (adjective)
Feminine form: cota
1
short
2 blewyn cwta short straw
(South Wales) tynnu blewyn cwta am (rywbeth) draw the short straw for (to choose someone out of two or more people
blades of straw are held in the hand, apparently all the same length – but one
is shorter than the other or others, and whoever draws this is chosen)
Tynnwyd blewyn cwta am y baich ysgafnach The lightest load was allotted by drawing straws (“ a short straw was
drawn for the lightest load”)
2 having a docked tail; having no tail, tailless
buwch goch gota ladybug (Englandic: ladybird) (“tailless red cow”)
:_______________________________.
cwter ‹ku -ter› feminine noun
PLURAL cwteri,
cwterydd, cwterau ‹ku-te-ri, -ridh, -re›
1 gutter (by roadside), drain, stream
y gwter the drain
cwter gwsg stone drain in field
drainage (“sleeping gutter”)
cwter garthu gutter or drain behind
a cowshed (“gutter (of) cleaning out”)
2 gwasg y gwter the gutter press
...un o afonydd mwyaf prydferth Ewrop,
sef y Rhine (sic, = Rhein). Y mae Tafwys mewn
cymhariaeth fel cwter, a Thywi deg fel llond bwced o ddwr (“Seneddwr ar Dramp” Rhys J Davies
1935)
One of the prettiest rivers in Europe is the Rhine. The Thames in comparison is
like a drain, and fair Tywi like a bucket of water
3 Y Gwter-fawr (“the big
gutter”) former name (1800s) of the village of Brynaman SN7114 (county of
Caerfyrddin)
Pwll y Gwter a former coal mine
here, opened in 1855 (“(the) pit (of) the gutter”)
In ‘Wild Wales’ by George Borrow (1862) the author, an Englishman,
(interestingly he was half-Cornish, his father being from Cornwall; his mother
was English, from Norfolk), recounts his trip eight years earlier in 1854.
He had stopped by the a fulling mill on the Lleidiach stream and struck up a
conversation in Welsh with a “decent looking man engaged in sawing a piece of
wood by the roadside.” The man mistakes him for a Northern Welshman, which
Borrow does not contradict. At the close of the conversation the man asks:
Welshman: "Where are you going tonight?"
Borrow: "To Gutter Vawr"
Welshman: "Well, then, you had better not loiter, Gutter Vawr is a long
way off over the mountain. It will be dark, I am afraid, long before you get to
Gutter Vawr. Good evening David! I am glad to have seen you, for I have long
wished to see a man from the north country. Good evening! you will find plenty
of good ale at Gutter Vawr."
4 Pant y Cwteri (“(the)
hollow (of) the gutters”) name of a hollow near the village of Aberogwr (county
of Bro Morgannwg)
5 y gwter the gutter
(figurative of destitution)
treio codi (rhywun) o’r gwter try to
raise (somebody) from the gutter, bring somebody back from a state of
destitution
6 Y Gwter. Street name in Central Caer-dydd / Cardiff. Originally it
went down from Heol Eglwys Fair / Saint Mary Street to the bank of the river
Taf but later the course of the river was shifted further west and now it leads
down as far as Heol y Porth / Westgate Street.
The English name is Golate, which is apparently a reformation of English gullet
= alley, possibly to suggest ‘go late’ - maybe the alley was seen as a short cut to the
riverside wharf for people who wanted to board a boat that was about to sail.
NOTE: [ Olde Cheshire Dialecte. http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm
gullet : a long, narrow piece of land or
a narrow alley, street ]
ETYMOLOGY: cwter < gwter < English gutter
< Old French goutire < goute (= drop of liquid) < Latin gutta (= drop of liquid). Modern French
goutte (= drop), goutière (= gutter, drain; gutter on a
roof)
NOTE: the initial g- was understood
as the soft-mutation of c-, and so
the radical form cwter came about
:_______________________________.
cwt ieir ‹kut yeir› masculine noun
1 hen coop, henhouse
2 gwifren cwt ieir; also weiren cwt ieir chicken wire = wire
with a hexagonal mesh ("wire (of) hen coop")
ETYMOLOGY: "shed (of) hens", (cwt
= shed) + (ieir = hens)
:_______________________________.
cwteuo ‹ku- tei -o› verb
North Wales
1 shorten = make short
2 bob (a horse’s tail), cut (a horse’s tail) to leave only the stump
3 shorten = become short
Mae’r dydd yn cwteuo The days are getting
shorter ("the day is getting shorter")
ETYMOLOGY: (cwteu-, penult form of “cwtau” = short) + (-o =
verbal suffix).
The base form of cwta was taken to be cwtau. Words which have final -au
in the standard language are colloquially -a
in the north-west, and -e in the
north-east.
Apparently cwta was assumed to be
from an original cwtau, which in the
penult gives cwteu-
NOTE: colloquially cwtuo ‹ku-tii-o›
:_______________________________.
cwtiad, cwtiaid ‹KUT-yad,
KUT-yaid, -yed› (masculine noun)
Diminutive form: cwtyn ‹KU-tin›
1 lapwing, plover (Vanellus
vanellus)
Bryncwtyn (?former) farm
in Pen-coed (Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
= bryn y cwtyn “(the) hill (of)
the plover”
ETYMOLOGY: (1) cwtiad: (cwt
< English coot) + (-i-ad
noun suffix); (2) cwtyn: (cwt-, root of cwtiad = plover) + (-yn diminutive
suffix)
:_______________________________.
cwtsh ‹kutsh› masculine noun
PLURAL: cwtshis ‹KUTSH-is›
1 storage place
South Wales cwtsh dan stâr space under the stairs, place under the stairs,
cupboard under the stairs, stair cupboard
y cwtsh dan stâr; or simply y cwtsh the place under the stairs
North Wales cwtsh tatws potato clamp
2 shed
South Wales cwtsh glo coalshed, coal bunker
3 hiding place
4
nook
ym mhob cwtsh a chornel in every
nook and cranny
5 cwtsh ci kennel, dog’s
kennel, dog basket;
or simply
cwtsh kennel, dog’s kennel, dog
basket
yn ei gwtsh mae’r ci the dog’s in his basket
In the 1841 Census a house in the town of Penárth (county of Bro Morgannwg) is
called Cwtsh y Cŵn (written as
“Cwtch y Cwn”) (“(the) kennel (of) the dogs”, the dogs’ kennel)
6 Y Cwtsh place in the
Rhondda Fach valley, between Pont-y-gwaith and Ynys-hir
(17 Mehefin 1797) (William Thomas Howel a Jennet John) “Y rhai olaf hyn
oedd fy nhad-cu a’m mam-gu, neu fel y dywedwn yn y gogledd, fy nhaid a’m nain,
tad a mam fy nhad; priodasant, ac aethant i fyw i’r Cwtch (sic), ac yno, fel dengys y registers y bedyddiwyd
amryw o’r plant.”
(17 June 1797) (William Thomas Howel and Jennet John) These last (two) were my
“tad-cu” (grandfather) and “mam-gu” (grandmother), or as we say in the north,
my “taid” and my “nain”, my father’s father and mother; they married, and went
to live in Y Cwtsh, and there, as the (parish) registers indicate several of
the children were baptised
(From:
“Llanwynno - Yr Hen Amser, yr Hen Bobl a’r Hen Droeon” = Llanwynno – the old
time, and the old people and the old events. Year of Publication: 1888. Author:
Glanffrwd = William Thomas 1843-1890)
7 Y Cwtsh farm by Heol y Goedlan,
Pen-rhiw-fawr SN7410 (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (on the Ordnance
Survey map with a semi-anglicised spelling ‘cwtch’)
8 cuddle, hug
rhoi cwtsh i (rywun) to cuddle / hug
someone, to give someone a cuddle / hug
rhoi cwtsh bach i (rywun) to give someone a little cuddle / hug
dera cwtsh i fi give me a cuddle, give me a hug
ETYMOLOGY: English couch ‹*kuch› < ‹kuuch› < Middle
English couche (= couch; recess)
< 1400- French couche (= bed)
< coucher (= lie down) < collocâre (= arrange) < (con- = with) + (locâre = to put)
The modern English form is couch ‹kauch› < ‘kuuch’
‹kuuch› (with the normal change in the long vowel of ‹uu› to ‹au›, but the Welsh form
must have come from an English pronunciation with a short ‘u’, as in the word
‘touch’ ‹tuch›)
Modern French has coucher (= lie down)
Latin collocâre is the source of English collocate
NOTE: Used in Cambrian English in South Wales
:_______________________________.
cwtsho ‹KU-cho› (verb)
1 cuddle up, snuggle up (USA: cozy up)
cwtsho at cuddle up to, snuggle up to (USA: cozy up to)
cwtsho’n dynn cuddle tight
cwtsho’n glòs cuddle tight
2 to snuggle up in bed
3 clasp (something) to oneself
4 (west central Wales) hide
5 crouch, stoop
cwtsh lawr! get down! (= hide! get out of sight)
6 lie down
dyma’r ci’n cwtsho lawr the dog then lay down
7 store (potatoes in a clamp) (North Wales)
cwtshio’r tatws to put the potatoes in a clamp
8 ail, get thin, go pale, lose one’s healthy look
Da chi 'di cwtsio you’ve
gone pale-looking
ETYMOLOGY: (cwtsh = embrace; safe place, cosy
place) + (-i-o = verbal suffix)
NOTE: Used in Cambrian English in South Wales
Go and cwtsh! command to a dog, in sending it to its basket or kennel
NOTE: Also spelt cwtsio.
Also a variant cwtshan
:_______________________________.
cwtyn, cwtiaid ‹KU-tin,
KUT-yaid, -yed› (masculine noun)
1 plover. See cwtiad
:_______________________________.
cwymp, cwympiau ‹KUIMP,
KUIMP-yai, -ye› (masculine noun)
1 fall
2 mynd i’ch cwymp head for a fall, be riding for a fall (“go to your fall”)
:_______________________________.
cwympo ‹KUIM
po› (verb) (South
Wales)
1 to fall; (In the North = syrthio)
Fuwch fach gota – glaw neu hindda?
Os daw glaw, cwympa o’m llaw;
Os daw haul, hedfana!
(Weather lore)
Ladybird – rain or fine weather?
If rain will come, fall from my hand
If sun will come, fly!
2 cwympo ar eich gorwedd
fall flat on your back
NOTE: colloquial pronunciation cw’mpo / cwmpo ‹KUM
po› (
:_______________________________.
cwynfan ‹KUIN
van› (verb)
1 to lament
:_______________________________.
cwynfanllyd ‹kuin
VAN lhid› (adjective)
1 moaning, complaning, full of complaint
:_______________________________.
cwynfanus ‹kuin
VA nis› (adjective)
1 plaintive
:_______________________________.
cwyno ‹KUI
no› (verb)
1 to complain
:_______________________________.
cwyr ‹KUIR› (masculine noun)
1 wax
2 cwyr esgidiau shoe wax, shoe
polish
:_______________________________.
cwyren ‹KUI
ren› (feminine noun)
1 thin candle, spill
y gwyren = the spill
:_______________________________.
cwys, cwysau / cwysi ‹KUIS,
KUI-se, KUI-si› (feminine noun)
1 furrow
y gwys = the furrow
torri cwys plough a furrow
torri cwys unig to plough a lonely furrow, be the only person
studying some phenomenon, investigating some matter (“plough (an) only furrow”)
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