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An Internet dictionary of Welsh for speakers of English

CRA.... - CWYREN

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1580e A | 1039e B | 1735e BR | 1018e C | 1071e CE | 1675e CI | 1040e CR | 1075e CY | 1020e D | 1674e DI | 1072e E | 1077e F | 1021e G | 1042e GW | 1038e H | 1676e HY, I, J, K, | 1865e L | 1022e M | 1677e MI | 1047e N | 1600e O | 1023e P | 1073e PL | 1026e R | 1070e S | 1024e T | 1076e TR | 1025e U,V | 1731e W, X | 1586e Y, Z |

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cr- ‹-›
1 cr- < c’r- contraction of (k + vowel + r)

...1. Carannog (saint’s name) > Crannog (in the place name Llangrannog)

...2. Caradog (man’s name) > Cradog (as such in the surname Cradog (“descendant of ap Caradog”), Englished as “Craddock”)

...3. careiau > c’reiau > c’riau > crie / cria (= shoelaces) (colloquial forms)

...4. cerydd (older Welsh) > crydd (modern Welsh form) (cobbler, shoemaker)
Cf Bretó kere (= cobbler, shoemaker)
...5. coranau > c’ranau > crane, crana plural form of coran. This is a colloquial form of coron (= crown)

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cra ‹kraa› masculine noun
1 (North Wales) = craf (qv) ramsons (broad-leaved wild garlic) (Allium ursinum)
In monosyllables the final ‹v› is lost in the north – cf gof / go (= smith), haf / ha (= summer), etc

Coed-y-cra SJ2270 (farm in Sir y Fflint) (“(the) wood (of) the ramsons”).
Pant-y-cra street name, Tabor, Dolgellau (“Pant y Cra”) (“(the) hollow (of) the wild garlic”)

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crac, craciau ‹KRAK, KRAK ye› (masculine noun)
1 crack, split

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crachach ‹KRAA khakh› (plural noun)
1 (literally ‘little scabs’) name for Welsh people who admire and adopt the language and customs of the English, and look down with arrogance on their fellow Welsh people; affected anglicised or semi-anglicised middle-class Welsh people

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crachdderwen ‹krakh-dher-wen›
1 (“stunted oak”) Another name for derwen digoes (Quercus petraea) sessile oak

ETYMOLOGY: (crach = small, stunted) + soft mutation + ( derwen = oak)

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Y Crachdir ‹ø krakh-dir›
1 name of a farm in Brymbo (Wrecsam)

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crachen, crachennau ‹KRA khen, kra KHE ne› (feminine noun)
1 scab (on a wound)
y grachen = the scab

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cr’adur (cradur)
1 = creadur

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craf ‹kraav› masculine noun
1 ramsons (broad-leaved wild garlic) (Allium ursinum). A wild relative chives.
Alternative English names for Allium ursinum are buckrams, wild garlic, broad-leaved garlic, wood garlic or bear's garlic
The standard Welsh name for Allium ursinum is craf y geifr

(Allium sativum) English name: garlic
Standard Welsh name: garlleg
Alternative name:
craf y gerddi (“garlic of the gardens”)

(Allium scorodoprasum) English name: Sand leek.
Welsh names:
craf y nadroedd (“garlic of the snakes”)
craf y natred (south-west) (“garlic of the snakes”)

(Allium ursinum) English name: ramsons
Welsh name:
craf y geifr (“garlic of the goats”)

(Allium vineale) English names: wild garlic, buckrams, wild garlic, broad-leaved garlic, wood garlic or bear's garlic

The standard Welsh name is garlleg gwyllt (“wild garlic”), but it is also known as:
craf gwyllt (“wild garlic”).
craf y borfa (“garlic (of) the pasture”).
craf y meysydd (“garlic (of) the fields”).

2 (North Wales) cra

In monosyllables the final ‹v› is lost in the north – cf gof / go (= smith), haf / ha (= summer), etc

Coed y Cra (wood in Sir y Fflint) (“(the) wood (of) the ramsons”).
Pant-y-cra street name, Tabor, Dolgellau (“Pant y Cra”) (“(the) hollow (of) the wild garlic”)

3 SH7662 Afon Crafnant river in the county of Conwy, flowing north-east from the reservoir Llyn Crafnant, and joining the river Conwy north of Tréfriw “the valley / stream of the ramsons / wild garlic”
(craf = ramsons / wild garlic) + (nant = stream)

4 crafgoed wood with (Allium ursinum) ramsons or wild garlic
(craf = ramsons / wild garlic) + soft mutation + (coed = wood)

5 craflwyn wood with (Allium ursinum) ramsons or wild garlic
(craf = ramsons / wild garlic) + soft mutation + (llwyn = wood)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Irish creamh (= wild garlic, ramsons)
From the same Indoeuropean root: Greek kremnon

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crafanc, crafangau ‹KRA vangk, kra VA nge› (feminine noun)
1 claw
y grafanc = the claw
morthwyl crafanc clawhammer (“hammer (of) claw”)

2 talon

3 (crab) pincer

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crafangog ‹ kra- va -ngog› adj
1 clawed

ETYMOLOGY: (crafang- < crafanc = claw) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)
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crafangu ‹kra VA ngi› (verb)
1 to claw

2 crafangu am wellt ‹kra-va-ngi am welht ›
(“claw for straws”) clutch at straws; seek a solution to a problem out of desperation, although the proposed solution is unlikely to be successful
(crafangu = to claw) + (am = around; for) + soft mutation + (gwellt = straw)

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crafangus ‹cra-va-ngis› adjective
1 money-grubbing
2 grabbing

ETYMOLOGY: (crafang-, stem of crafangu = to claw, to grab with the claws) + (-us adjectival suffix)

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craffu ‹KRA fi› (verb)
1 craffu ar (rywbeth) = observe (something) closely

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crafgoed ‹krav -goid› masculine noun
1 wood with (Allium ursinum) ramsons or wild garlic

ETYMOLOGY: (craf = ramsons / wild garlic) + soft mutation + (coed = wood)

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crafiad, crafiadau ‹KRAV yad, jrav YÂ de› (masculine noun)
1 scratch
cael crafiad ar eich llaw scratch your hand (= get a scratch, be scratched on the hand)

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craflwyn ‹krav -luin› masculine noun
1 wood with (Allium ursinum) ramsons or wild garlic

ETYMOLOGY: (craf = ramsons / wild garlic) + soft mutation + (llwyn = wood)

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Crafnant ‹krav -nant›
1 SH7662 Afon Crafnant river in the county of Conwy, flowing north-east from the reservoir Llyn Crafnant, and joining the river Conwy north of Tréfriw

Llyn Crafnant a lake / reservoir from which the Crafnant river flows

In the village of Rhos (county of Conwy) there is a road called “Crafnant Road” (which would be Ffordd Crafnant in Welsh)

ETYMOLOGY: “the valley (or stream) of the ramsons / wild garlic” (craf = ramsons / wild garlic) + (nant = stream)

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cragen, cregyn / cragennau ‹KRA gen, KRE gin / kra GE ne› (feminine noun)
1 shell
y gragen = the shell

2 mynd i’ch cragen withdraw into yourself, go into your shell (“go to your shell”)
dod o’ch cragen come out of one’s shell

3 pysgodyn cragen PLURAL pysgod cregyn shellfish

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cragenbysgodyn ‹kra-gen-bə- skô -din› masculine noun
PLURAL cragenbysgod ‹kra-gen-bə--skod›
1 shellfish

ETYMOLOGY: (cragen = shell) + soft mutation + (pysgodyn = fish)

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craig, creigiau ‹KRAIG, KREIG ye› (feminine noun)
1 cliff, crag, rock
y graig = the rock, the cliff, the crag

2 bod mor sefydlog â’r graig be as steady as a rock

3 rock = someone who is dependable, unchanging, reliable

Salmau 62:5 O fy enaid, disgwyl wrth DDUW yn unig: canys ynddo ef y mae fy ngobaith. (62:6) Efe yn unig yw fy nghraig, a'm hiachawdwriaeth: efe yw fy amddiffynfa: ni'm hysgogir.
Psalms 62:5 My soul, wait thou only upon God; for my expectation is from him.(62:6) He only is my rock and my salvation: he is my defence; I shall not be moved.

4 bod yn graig o arian have spadefuls of money, have loads of money, be as rich as Croesus
(“be a rock of money”)
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Craig Berth-lwyd ‹kraig berth-luid›
1 hill in Merthyrtudful county, south of Treharris (ST 0996)

2 Craig-berth-lwyd a district here

ETYMOLOGY: craig y Berth-lwyd - ‘the rock of Berth-lwyd house’ (craig = rock); y Berth-lwyd = (y definite article) + soft mutation + (perth = hedge) + soft mutation + (llwyd = gray / grey)

NOTE: written “Graig Berthlwyd” in the 1800s, with the soft-mutated form graig used as a radical form

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Craig Ddu ‹kraig -dhii›
1 SH 7010 crag in the district of Meirionnydd (county of Gwynedd)

2 SH 6152 crag in the district of Dwyfor (county of Gwynedd)

3 crag at Castell ar Alun (county of Bro Morgannwg)

4 crag at Aberogwr (county of Bro Morgannwg)

ETYMOLOGY: black rock; (craig = rock) + soft mutation + (du = black)
NOTE: See also the form with the definite article (Y) Graig Ddu

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Craigwilym ‹pont- wi -lim›
1 place name in Pen-tyrch (county of Caer-dydd) - name of a tenement in the year 1666

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) rock (of) William”) (craig = rock) + soft mutation + (Gwilym = William)

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Craig-y-don ‹kraig ə DON›
1 Dwelling in Llan-rug (1851 Census)
Address: Craig y Don
Surname: Hughes
Forenames: John
Relationship: Head
Condition: M
Age: 35
Occupation: Carpenter
Place of Birth: CAE(narvonshire)

2 House name, Rhosneigr (“Craig y Don”)

3 Ffordd Craig-y-don (“Craig y Don Road”), Bangor

4 District of Llandudno (“Craig y Don”)

Thomas Peers Williams came into possession of the land in this district under the 1848 Enclosure Act. He named it after his estate in Biwmaris called Craig-y-don. In June 1884 he divided the Llandudno land and other landholdings in Marl, Llan-rhos and Baecolwyn into small lots and sold them all freehold in the space of three days.

5 Craig-y-don SH5673, Biwmaris

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH5673

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) rock (overlooking) the sea”

(craig = rock, cliff) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (ton = sea; wave)

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Craig y Pistyll ‹kraig ə pi -stilh›
1 (SN7185) rocks 3km east of Bont-goch (county of Ceredigion)
Llyn Craig y Pistyll (SN7185) a lake to the east of the rocks

ETYMOLOGY: (“‘(the) rock (of) the waterfall”) (craig = rock, cliff) + (y definite article) + (pistyll = waterfall)

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Craig yr Oesoedd ‹kraig ər oi -soidh›
1 the Rock of Ages = Christ

2 cysgu fel craig yr oesoedd sleep like a log (“sleep like the rock of ages”)

ETYMOLOGY: (craig = rock) + (yr = the) + (oesoedd ages, plural of oes = age)

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crair, creiriau ‹KRAIR, KREIR ye› (masculine noun)
1 relic

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craith ‹kraith› feminine noun
PLURAL creithiau ‹kreith -ye›
Also: creithen ‹krei-then› (craith) + (-en, diminutive suffix)

1 scar = mark left by a wound, burn
y graith the scar

Roedd ganddo graith fawr o’r glust dde at ei ên
He had a big scar from his right ear to his chin

2 scar = memory of a painful experience, emotional hurt

Fe dorrodd fy nghalon ac mae’r graith yn aros o hyd
She broke my heart and the scar is still there

Darllennais yr hen lythyrau y bore ’ma ac mae’r hen graith wedi’i hagor eto
This morning I read the old letters and the old scar has opened again

3 craith brech or craith y frech = pockmark, scar in the form of an indentation in the skin from the healing of a smallpox pustule

4 darn in a woolen garment (Englandic: woollen garment)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Breton kleizenn (= scar)
From the same Celtic root: Irish créacht (= wound)

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cranc, crancod ‹KRANGK, KRANG kod› (masculine noun)
1 crab

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cranclyd ‹krangk -lid› adjective
1 cranky, wayward, eccentric

ETYMOLOGY: (cranc = eccentric person) + (-lyd, adjectival suffix)

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crancsiafft ‹krangk -shaft› feminine noun
PLURAL crancsiafftiau ‹krang-shaft-ye›
1 crankshaft = main shaft in an engine
y grancsiafft = the crankshaft

ETYMOLOGY: English crankshaft (= crank + shaft)

crank (formerly = reel for yarn) < Old English
shaft < Old English sceaft (= arrowshaft, etc);

Cf German der Schaft (= axe handle)

Besides its cognates in the Germanic languages, shaft is related to
,,1/ Latin scâpus (= shaft),
..2/ Greek skeptron (= staff); (skeptron has given English scepter, sceptre)

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crand ‹krand› adjective
1 grand = imposing, majestic

Yng nghanol tref Livorno yn yr Eidal saif ty crand lle bu teulu Thomas Lloyd yn byw, a hwnnw bellach yw canolfan clwb tenis Livorno
In the middle of the town of Livorno in Italy there is an imposing house where the family of Thomas Lloyd lived which nowadays is the Livorno Tennis Club,

2 (hotel, car, etc) grand, ritzy, luxurious, impressive, ornate
aros mewn gwestyau crand to stay in luxury hotels

3 (clothes) smart, elegant, showy, elaborate, impressive, ornate

dillad crand finery, elaborate and showy clothes

actorau ac actoresau wedi ymgasglu yn eu dillad crand i ganmol eu gilydd
Actors and actresses gathered together in their finery to compliment each other

gwisgo’n grand dress up in smart clothes, dress elegantly

merched yn gwisgo hetiau crand women wearing elaborate hats

4 (appearance) smart

5 imposing, unnecessarily ornate

pam y mae’r Sais mor awyddus i gael geiriau crand am bethau bob dydd?
why are the English so keen to have (such) grand words for everyday things?

6 splendid, excellent = giving great opportunity for

Blynyddau yn ôl yr oedd Abertawe’n lle crand am ddrama
years ago Abertawe was a great place for drama

7 (English accent), grand = belonging to the upper levels of a society

Mae elfen gref o snobeiddiwch ym Mrs Jones Pant-mawr ac mae hi wastad yn siarad Saesneg gydag acen grandiach na’r Saeson eu hunain
There’s a strong element of snobbishness in Mrs Jones Pant-mawr and she always speaks English with an accent grander than that of the English themselves

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh crand < grand < English grand < Old French grand (= big) < Latin grandis (= great)

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crasu ‹KRA si› (verb)
1 to bake, to toast

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craswellt ‹kras -welht› masculine noun
1 dry grass
mor sych â chraswellt odyn as dry as dry grass (for heating) an oven / a kiln

ETYMOLOGY: (cras = dry) + soft mutation + (gwellt = grass)

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crau ‹krai› masculine noun
1 ( obsolete) blood, gore

2 creulys groundsel, bloodwort. (Senecio vulgaris)
“blood plant” (creu-, penult form of crau = blood) + soft mutation + (llys = plant)
creulys cyffredin groundsel (Senecio vulgaris)

3 creulon cruel
( creu = penultimate-syllable form of crau) + soft mutation + (-llon suffix = full; llawn ‹adjective› = full)

4 creulan (obsolete) battlefield (“blood-field”)
( creu = penultimate-syllable form of crau) + soft mutation + (llan = land)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic.
From the same British root: Cornish krow (= gore, bloodshed, death)

In Hibernian Celtic: Irish cró (= blood, gore)

Cf the English word cruel < Old French cruel < Latin crudêlis < crûdus (= bleeding)

Related words in other languages:

Greek krea, krewa (= flesh; as in the modern formation creosote),
Sanskrit kravís (= flesh)
English raw
Latin crûdus (= bleeding) > English crude.
Also Latin crûdus (= bleeding) > (bloody meat, uncooked meat, raw meat) > (raw or uncooked food in general) > Catalan cru (= raw)

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crau ‹krai› masculine noun
PLURAL creuau, creuon ‹krei –e, krei-on›
1 (obsolete) hovel

2 (obsolete) pigsty

3 (obsolete) stockade, place of defence

4 creuddyn (qv) fort

(creu = crau) + soft mutation + (din = fort)

5 Creuwyrion

(modern form: Cororion, Llandygái SH5970, county of Gwynedd)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *krâw-o
From the same British root: Cornish krow (= hut, shed, sty), Cornish place name Ros-krow Roscrow, (“(the) hill (of) (the) shed”); Breton kraou (= cowshed)
From the same Celtic root: Irish cró (= enclosure, hovel, pigsty, sheepfold)

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crawcwellt ‹KRAUK-welht›
1 purple moor-grass (Molinia caerulea)

(delw 7218)

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Crawcwellt ‹KRAUK-welht›
1 Afon Crawcwellt SH6929 river in Meirionnydd, Gwynedd

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH6929 map, ffoto

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creadur, creaduriaid ‹kre A dir, kre a DIR yed› (masculine noun)
1 creature, animal
2 y cr’adur! the poor thing!

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creawdwr, creawdwyr ‹kre AU dur, kre AUD wir› (masculine noun)
1 creator

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crebachiad ‹kre- bakh -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL crebachiadau ‹kre-bakh- yâ -de›
1 atrophy, withering, fading

ETYMOLOGY: (crebach- stem of crebachu = to shrink, to atrophy) +(-i-ad abstract noun-forming suffix)

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crech ‹krech› adjective
1 feminine form of crych (= curly; rippling; rough)

·····(1) As a first element in compound words with a feminine main element
crechwen (= scornful smile), < gwên (= smile)

····· (2) Adjective after a feminine noun – grech.

ffrwd grech stream with churning water
There is a road called “Ffrwdgrech Road” (which in Welsh would be Heol Ffrwd-grech) in Aberhonddu (county of Powys)

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crechwen ‹krekh -wen› feminine noun
PLURAL crechwenau ‹krech-wê-ne›
1 laughter, guffaw, scornful laugh, loud laugh, horselaugh (loud unrestrained laugh)
y grechwen = the loud laugh

2 nasty grin, scornful smile

ETYMOLOGY: (crech, feminine form of crych = curly, agitated) + soft mutation + (gwên = smile)

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C’redig ‹KRE dig› (masculine noun)
1 colloquial form of the man’s name Ceredig

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cred, credau ‹KREEED, KREE de› (f)
1 belief

2 Cred = the Christian faith;
gwledydd Cred Christendom = the Christian countries
o fewn terfynau Cred in Christendom, within the bounds of Christendom

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credu ‹KRE di› (verb)
1 to believe

2 Fe fydd yn anodd gennych ei gredu You won’t believe it, you’ll hardly believe it (“it will be difficult with you its believing”)

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credyd, credydau ‹KRE did, kre DI de› (masculine noun)
1 credit

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crefft, crefftau ‹KREFT, KREF te› (feminine noun)
1 craft
y grefft = the craft

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crefftwr, crefftwyr ‹KREF tur, KREFT wir› (masculine noun)
1 craftsman

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crefft ymladd ‹kreft əm-ladh› masculine noun
1 martial arts
cwrs crefft ymladd a martial arts course, a course to learn martial arts

ETYMOLOGY: "craft (of) fighting" (crefft = craft) + (ymladd = to fight)

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crefydd, crefyddau ‹KRE vidh, kre VƏ dhe› (feminine noun)
1 religion
y grefydd = the religion

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crefyddol ‹kre VƏ dhol› (adjective)
1 religious

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creigddu ‹kreig -dhi› feminine noun
1 black rock

Y Greigddu place name, Cricieth (county of Gwynedd) (English name: Black Rocks)
Traeth y Greigddu place name, Cricieth (county of Gwynedd) (English name: Black Rock Sands)

ETYMOLOGY: (creig- < craig = rock) + soft mutation + (du = black)
?graig-ddú > (accent shift) gráig-ddu > (regularisation of the penult diphthong ai > ei) gréigddu

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creigfa ‹kreig -va› feminine noun
PLURAL creigfaon ‹kreig- vâ -on›
1 rocky place
House name in Aber-gwaun (Sir Benfro)

2 rockery (in a garden)

gardd greigfa rockery garden

3 reef = ridge of rocks in the sea, hidden just below the surface or exposed above the surface

ETYMOLOGY: (creig- < craig = rock) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)

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creigiau ‹KREIG ye› (plural noun)
1 crags, cliffs, rocks; plural of craig

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creigiog ‹kreig -yog› adjective
1 rocky, craggy, steep
2 Y Mynyddoedd Creigiog (USA) The Rocky Mountains, the Rockies

ETYMOLOGY: (creig- < craig = rock) + (-iog suffix for forming nouns)

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creigle ‹kreig -le› masculine noun
PLURAL creigleoedd ‹kreig- lê -odh›
1 rocky place, crag, stony ground

Sant Marc 4:5 A pheth a syrthiodd ar greigle, lle ni chafodd fawr ddaear, ac yn y fan yr eginodd, am nad oedd iddo ddyfnder daear.

Daint mark 4:5 And some fell on stony ground, where it had not much earth; and immediately it sprang up, because it had no depth of earth:

ETYMOLOGY: (creig- < craig = rock) + soft mutation + (lle = place)

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Creigmor ‹kreig -mor› masculine noun
1 house name, Pwllheli

ETYMOLOGY: “sea rock”? The basis seems to be craig y môr (craig = rock) + (y definite article) + (môr = sea)

> *craig-môr (linking definite article dropped)

> cráig-môr (stress shifts to the first syllable)

> creigmor where ai becoes ei, maybe in imitation of the name of the shore at Cricieth, Y Greigddu

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creignant ‹KREIG-nant› masculine noun
1 rocky stream, stream with a rocky bed

ETYMOLOGY: (creig-, penult syllable form of craig = rock) + (nant = stream)

NOTE: nant is a feminine noun. It was formerly a masculine noun meaning ‘valley’; later it came to mean ‘stream’, and probably took on the same gender as afon (= river), a feminine noun.

The only example of creignant in the Geiariadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary of Welsh is a plural form from the 1300s (kreicneint glwys, or in modern Welsh creigneint glwys = pleasant rocky streams). The gender is given as masculine.
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Creignant ‹KREIG-nant›
1 SJ2535 locality in the county of Shropshire, England, on the Welsh border, near Llangollen / Y Waun / Croesoswallt (misspelt as “Craignant”)

2 There is a street called Creignant in Nantmel, Powys (misspelt as “Craignant”)

ETYMOLOGY: See the preceding entry

(unless the name is in fact Cráignant < Craignánt < Craig-y-nant, “crag overlooking the stream”, though this seems an unlikely name. It may be an old-established name in the area – older forms of the name “Craignant” need to be consulted to be sure of its origin)

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creigres ‹kreig -res› feminine noun
PLURAL creigresi ‹kreig- RE -si›

creigres gwrel, creigresi cwrel coral reef

creigres lanw, creigresi llanw tidal reef

ETYMOLOGY: (creig- < craig = rock) + soft mutation + (rhes = row)
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creiriau ‹KREIR ye› (plural noun)
1 relics; plural of crair

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creision ‹KREI shon› (plural noun)
1 crisps; plural of the adjective cras = baked to a crisp

creisionyn ŷd, PLURAL creision ŷd ‹krei SHO nin IID, KREI shon IID› (masculine noun)
1 corn flake

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crempogen, crempogau ‹krem PO gen, krem PO ge› (feminine noun)
1 pancake
y grempogen = the pancake

:_______________________________.

creon, creonau ‹KRE on, kre O ne› (masculine noun)
1 crayon

:_______________________________.

creu ‹KREI› (verb)
1 to create

:_______________________________.

creuddyn ‹krei -dhin› masculine noun
1 (obsolete) stockade, place of defence, fort
(creu = crau) + soft mutation + (dỳn / dynn = hill; fort)

2 Place name:

(delw 7057)

..a/ Creuddyn (northern Ceredigion) division (kúmmud / 'cwmwd') of the cantref of Penweddig

Llanfihangel y Creuddyn (SN6676) village in the former kúmmud of Creuddyn
“(The village called) Llanfihangel (which is in the kúmmud called) Y Creuddyn”
(Llanfihangel = “(the) church (of) Michael Archangel”)

Llanfihangel y Creuddyn parish in northern Ceredigion
Llanbadarn y Creuddyn parish in northern Ceredigion

The local pronunciation is “crouddyn” – in south Wales a tonic syllable eu, and au in monosyllables (dau = two, cau = hollow) are pronounced [ou], preserving the older pronunciation of this diphthong

This is seen in nineteenth century (anglicised) spellings for the two parishes

Llanbadarn y Croythin = Llanbadarn y Crouddyn / Llanbadarn y Creuddyn
Llanvihangel y Croythin = Llanfihangel y Crouddyn / Llanfihangel y Creuddyn

Here Llafihangel y Creuddyn is “Llanvihangelycroythin”

..b/ Creuddyn (southern Ceredigion)

Gwêlycreuddyn view of the Creuddyn stream
Street name in Llanbedr Pont Steffan (county of Ceredigion)
(gwêl = view) + (y definite article) + (Creuddyn)

Stream names and river names are not preceded by the definite article in Welsh; the name, if referring to the stream, should be Gwêlcreuddyn gwêl Creuddyn

Pont Creuddyn SN5552 http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/828118

Nant Creuddyn the Creuddyn brook

..c/ Creuddyn (Llandudno SH7881, county of Conwy)

Penrhyn Creuddyn ‹pen-hrin KREI-dhin› “Creuddyn Peninsula”, Llandudno (Conwy) “(the) peninsula (forming part of) (the kúmmud of) Creuddyn”

Creuddyn was one of the three kúmmuds of the kántrev of Rhos, along with Uwch Dulas and Is Dulas

Ysgol y Creuddyn name of a Welsh-language primary school (in Baepenrhyn, Llandudno)

Canol Creuddyn name of a street in Llandudno (“the) centre (of) Creuddyn”, “(the) middle (of) Creuddyn”)

..d/ Creuddyn a lost stream name in Aber-gwaun SM9537

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SM9537

:_______________________________.

creulon ‹KREI lon› (adjective)
1 cruel

:_______________________________.

creulondeb ‹krei LON deb› (masculine noun)
1 cruelty

:_______________________________.

creulys ‹krei -lis› feminine noun
PLURAL creulysiau ‹krei- lə-she ›
1 groundsel, bloodwort (Senecio vulgaris)
creulys cyffredin groundsel (Senecio vulgaris)

2 creulys y Wladfa Magellan ragwort (Senecio smiithi) (“(the) groundsel (of) the Settlement”, that is, Gwladfa Patagonia, the Welsh settlement in Patagonia established in 1865)

ETYMOLOGY: blood plant (creu-, penult form of crau = blood) + soft mutation + (llys = plant)

:_______________________________.

creu ymwybyddiaeth o ‹krei əm ui BƏDH yeth o› (verb)
1 make aware of, create an awareness of

:_______________________________.

criafolen ‹ kri-a- vô -len› f
PLURAL criafol ‹kri- â -vol›
1 (tree) (Sorbus domestica) mountain ash, rowan
Also: pren criafol mountain ash, rowan

2 mountain ash berry
criawal (South Wales) mountain ash berries
Also: crafan, crawel, criafon, criawal, criawol, grafel, cyrafol, crafol

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same Celtic root: Irish caor (= berry, rowan berry); caora fíniúna (= grape)
caorthann (= rowan tree)
Possibly criafol < *cirafol < cyrafol < cyrawol < *cerewol < *cereol < kêreol-

:_______________________________.

crib, cribau ‹KRIIB. KRI be› (masculine or feminine noun)
(North = m, South = f)
1 comb
y crib / y grib = the comb
2 ridge of a hill, mountain
3 talgrib (poetry) high ridge
( tal = tall) + soft mutation + ( crib = serra)

:_______________________________.

cribiad ‹krib -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL cribiadau ‹krib-yâ-de›
1 (action) comb, combing
rhoi cribiad i’ch gwallt give your hair a comb

ETYMOLOGY: (crib-, root of cribo = to comb) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)

:_______________________________.

cribin ‹krî-bin› feminine noun
PLURAL cribiniau ‹kri- bin -ye›
1 North Wales rake, hay-rake; in the south a different word is used: rhaca
y gribin = the rake
2 North Wales (masculine noun) miser, money-grabber, skinflint, grasper

ETYMOLOGY: (crib = comb) + (-in)
VARIANTS: (it can also be a masculine noun)

:_______________________________.

cribin fach ‹krî-bin vaakh› feminine noun
PLURAL cribiniau bach ‹kri- bin -ye baakh›
1 North Wales small rake, hand rake

:_______________________________.

cribiniad ‹kri- bin -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL cribiniadau ‹krii-bin- ya -de›
North Wales
1 raking = act of raking; rhoi cribiniad i to rake, to give a raking to
2 raking = a quantity (of hay) raked with one movement of the rake

ETYMOLOGY: (cribin = rake) + (-iad)

:_______________________________.

cribo ‹KRI bo› (verb)
1 to comb

:_______________________________.

cric, criciau ‹KRIK, KRIK ye› (masculine noun)
1 crick = muscle spasm in the neck or back
cael cric yn eich gwar get a crick in your neck

:_______________________________.

criced ‹KRI ked› (masculine noun)
1 cricket
2 llain griced cricket pitch

:_______________________________.

cricsyn ‹KRIK sin› (masculine noun)
PLURAL crics, criciaid ‹KRIKS, KRIK yed›

1 cricket (Acheta domesticus)
2 bod yn iach fel cricsyn be in rude health, be as fit as a fiddle (“be healthy like a cricket”)
bod fel cricsyn o iach be in rude health, be as fit as a fiddle (“be like a cricket of healthy”)

:_______________________________.

crimog ‹kri-mog› feminine noun
PLURAL crimogau ‹kri-mô-ge›
1 shin
2 obsolete shin-guard
3 obsolete leg; and from this sense, applied to landscape features: ridge, spur

ETYMOLOGY: (crimp = fragile) + (-og)

:_______________________________.

crimogio ‹kri-mog -yo› verb
1 William Owen-Pughe, in his dictionary 1793/1803, remarks -"crimmogiaw" "to kick shins. It is a diversion of the Pembrokeshire men; who have meetings for the purpose, where they attend properly prepared in thick shoes with nails projecting out at the sides." The southern form would be in fact crimogo ‹kri-mô-go›

ETYMOLOGY: (crimog = shin) + (-io)

:_______________________________.

crimp (1) ‹krimp› adjective
1 crisp, hard;
rhostio yn grimp roast until crisp

bara saim wedi ei ffrio’n grimp fried bread fried until crisp (fried bread = a slice of bread fried in a frying pan with boiling mutton / beef / pork fat)

2 godro’n grimp milk dry, milk until no more milk is forthcoming; also figuratively, exploit (for money, ideas, etc) until no more remains

3 dry; sych grimp (sych = dry) + soft mutation + (crimp = crisp) bone dry

4 dry (of mouth after drinking too much alcohol)

5 North Wales llosgi’n grimp burn to a cinder, burn to a crisp

ETYMOLOGY: English crimp = fragile, brittle, crisp < Old English "gecrympan" = to curl up

:_______________________________.

crimp (2) ‹krimp› masculine noun
PLURAL crimpiau ‹krimp -ye›
1 sharp edge

2 ridge, spur

Y Crimpia ("the ridges"; local form of crimpiau – in north-west Wales a final –au is pronounced as -a) place by Capelcurig (Gwynedd, North-west Wales);

Nant y Crimp ("stream of the ridge") stream in Pont-lliw (county of Abertawe, South-east Wales),

3 North Wales stingy person; hen grimp ’di hwnnw the one you’re talking about is an old skinflint

ETYMOLOGY: from the adjective crimp = fragile, brittle, crisp

:_______________________________.

crimpen ‹krim -pen› feminine noun
1 North Wales miser, skinflint (woman); crimpyn (man)
2 South-west Wales crisp oatcake, oatcake baked until it is hard

ETYMOLOGY: (crimp = brittle; miser) + (-en)

:_______________________________.

crimpio ‹krimp -yo› verb
NOTE: South Wales crimpio > crimpo
1 verb without an object, North Wales to get scorched
2 verb with an object, South-west Wales crimpo to air (clothes in front of the fire)

ETYMOLOGY: (crimp = fragile, brittle, crisp; dry) + (-io)

:_______________________________.

crimpyn ‹krim -pin› masculine noun
1 something shrivelled up, dried up, shrunken up (by the heat)
llosgi’n grimpyn ("burn into a crisp (thing)")
...(a) (transitive verb) (action of the sun, intense heat): shrivel (something) up, cause (something) to shrivel up
...(b) (intransitive verb) (action of the sun, intense heat): shrivel up, become shrivelled up
2 North Wales miser, skinflint (man); crimpen (woman)

ETYMOLOGY: (crimp = (noun) miser, (adjective) crisp, brittle) + (-yn)

:_______________________________.

crin ‹KRIIN› [kriːn] masculine noun
1 withered

2 dry

3 parched, scorched

4 (field names) barren, unproductive

There is a Bryn Crin SH3835 (probably scorched hill, barren hill) in Pwllheli, Gwynedd

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH3835 map

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish krin, Breton krin

From the same Celtic root: Irish críon, Manks creen

NOTE: See Crindai, crinfir, Crindy, cringoch, crino, crinsych, crinwellt

:_______________________________.

Y Crindai ‹ə krin -dai› -
Ordnance Survey Map reference: ST3089
1 locality in the county of Casnewydd; (in fact now part of the city of Casnewydd, where formerly there was a mansion called Crindai)

ETYMOLOGY: probably ‘houses with a roof of withered straw / withered reeds’, plural form of crindy

:_______________________________.

crindir ‹krin -dir› masculine noun
PLURAL crindiroedd ‹krin- dî-rodh›
1 parched earth, scorched earth, arid land

ETYMOLOGY: (crin = withered, shrivelled) + soft mutation + (tir = land)

:_______________________________.

crindy ‹krin -di› masculine noun
PLURAL crindai ‹krin -dai›
1 obsolete house with thatch of straw or reeds; see the place name ‘Y Crindai’

ETYMOLOGY: probably ‘house with a roof of withered straw / withered reeds’; (crin = withered, shrivelled) + soft mutation + (ty = house)

:_______________________________.

Y Crindy ‹ə krin -di›
1 nickname for the the ‘Bull’s Head’ tavern in Walbrook, London, where a Welsh literary association (the Gwyneddigion = “people of Gwynedd”) used to meet at the end of the 1700s and beginning of the 1800s

ETYMOLOGY: (crin) + soft mutation + (ty = house). The members of the society referred to the landlord as Y Crin ‹kriin›, and so the meaning is literally ‘the Crin House’ or ‘Crin’s House’. The nickname could be either ‘wizened, shrivelled’ (from his appearance), or it could allude to a lack of generosity since it also means ‘stingy, tightfisted’

:_______________________________.

cringoch ‹krin -gokh› adjective
1 (person) red-haired, having frizzy red hair cringoch red-haired man

2 (hair) red and frizzy
mwng o wallt cringoch a mane of ginger hair

3 (fox) having a red coat

ETYMOLOGY: (crin = shrivelled, curled up) + soft mutation + (coch = red)

:_______________________________.

crinjio ‹krinj -yo› verb
1 Englishism to cringe = feel uncomfortable or repulsed from extreme distaste or dislike

Mi fydda i’n crinjio bob tro y bydda i yn gweld y rhaglen honno
I cringe every time I see that progamme

ETYMOLOGY: English cringe (= feel distaste) < Old English cring(an) (= to yield in battle)

:_______________________________.

crinllys ‹krin -lhis› feminine noun
PLURAL crinllys ‹krin -lhis›
1 literary word violet, violets

ETYMOLOGY: (crin-, apparently from Greek krinon = lily) + soft mutation + (llys = plant) > *crinlys > crinllys

:_______________________________.

crino ‹KRI no› (verb)
1 wither

:_______________________________.

crinsych ‹ krin -sikh› adjective
1 dry, dessicated, parched

ETYMOLOGY: (crin = dry, withered) + (sych = dry)

:_______________________________.

crintach ‹KRIN-takh› m

(North Wales)
1 miser, stingy person

ETYMOLOGY: crintach is possibly < Irish críontach (= withered-up old person), nowadays in modern Irish críontachán, with the diminutive suffix –án

:_______________________________.

crintachlyd ‹krin-TAKH-lid› adj

1 stingy, mean, tightfisted
Fuodd o erioed yn un crintachlyd efo pres
He was never stingy with money (“never a stingy one with money”)

Rwyt ti wedi mynd mor ofnadw o grintachlyd
You’ve become really stingy

ETYMOLOGY: (crintach = miser) + (-lyd adjectival suffix, often with a pejorative connotation)

:_______________________________.

crinwydden ‹ krin-WØ-dhen› fl
1 withered tree

Llyn y Grinwydden SJ0206, near Llanerfyl. Powys

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/sj0206 map

ETYMOLOGY: (crin = withered, shrivelled) + soft mutation + (gweydden = tree)

:_______________________________.

crinwellt ‹ krin -welht› pl
1 withered grass, parched grass

ETYMOLOGY: (crin = withered, shrivelled) + soft mutation + (gwellt = grass)

:_______________________________.

crïo ‹KRI o› (verb) (North Wales)
1 to cry (North)

:_______________________________.

crisial ‹KRI shal› (masculine noun)
1 crystal
2 clir fel crisial crystal clear

:_______________________________.

Crist ‹KRIST› (masculine noun)
1 Christ

:_______________________________.

crist croes, tân poeth ‹krist krôis taan pôith› -
1 colloquially cris’ croes tân poeth; said to somebody who doubts the truth of what you are saying (as in English ‘cross my heart and hope to die’)

ETYMOLOGY: "(the) cross of Jesus, hot fire"; Welsh < Middle English Cris’-cross, Crist-cross = Christ’s cross + (tân = foc) + (poeth = calent)

:_______________________________.

crist croes y Beibl ‹krist krôis ə bei-bil› -
1 colloquially cris’ croes y Beibl; said to somebody who doubts the truth of what you are saying (as in English ‘cross my heart and hope to die’)

ETYMOLOGY: "(the) cross of Jesus (on the cover of) the Bible" Welsh < Middle English Cris’-cross, Crist-cross (= Christ’s cross)

:_______________________________.

Cristion, Cristnogion ‹KRIST yon, krist NOG yon› (masculine noun)
1 Christian

:_______________________________.

critigol ‹ kri- tii -gol› adj
1 critical (Chemistry, Physics) point in a measurement of some phenomenon at which an abrupt change occurs (100 Celsius is a critical temperature of water, when it changes from a liquid to a gas)
tymheredd critigol critical temperature

ETYMOLOGY: (critig = critic) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives); imitation of the English word critical

:_______________________________.

criw, criwiau ‹KRIU, KRIU ye› (masculine noun)
1 crew

:_______________________________.

crïwr ‹krî -ur› masculine noun
PLURAL crïwyr ‹krî -wir›
1 crier

2 crïwr tref = town crier, official who attracts the attention of the public by ringing a bell and makes public announcements
Also: belman (from English ‘bellman’, man with a bell)

ETYMOLOGY: (cri- stem of crïo = to cry out, to shout) + (-wr agent suffix, = ‘man’)

:_______________________________.

criws ‹krius› masculine noun
South Wales
1 piss up, drinking spree
bod ar y criws be on a drinking spree

ETYMOLOGY: criws < carws ‹ka-rus› < English carouse < French < Middle French carouse < German (dialectal) gar ûs (= gar aus trinken fully + out + drink, drink up completely)

:_______________________________.

Croateg ‹kro A teg› (feminine noun, adjective) (language)
1 Croatian

:_______________________________.

croc ‹krok› masculine noun
PLURAL crocs ‹kroks›
1 hen groc (old person) crock
hen groc dioglyd lazy old fool

2 hen groc crock = useless old horse

3 hen groc crock = old car

ETYMOLOGY: English crock (= old and useless person / animal / thing); (originally an old decrepit ewe) < Lowlandic (Scotland), probably Dutch kraak (= decrepit person / animal); related to Norwegian krake (= unhealthy animal)

:_______________________________.

crocbren, crocbrennau ‹KROK-bren, krok-BRE-ne› (masculine noun)
1 gallows, hanging tree

:_______________________________.

crocbris ‹krok -bris›
PLURAL crocbrisiau ‹krok- bri -she›
1 exhorbitant price

talu crocbris am rywbeth
pay through the nose for something, pay the earth for something

codi crocbris am rywbeth charge the earth for something

ETYMOLOGY: ‘a hanging price’ (crog-, stem of crogi = to hang) + soft mutation + (pris = price);
(c + p) > g-b > c-b
crog-pris > crog-bris > croc-bris

Meaning: query – is this money paid to obtain a pardon and save from execution on the gallows?

:_______________________________.

crochan, crochanau ‹KRO-khan, kro-KHÂ-ne› (masculine noun)
1 cauldron, iron pot, cooking pot

2 y tecil yn galw tinddu ar y crochan the pot calling the kettle black, accusing others of a having some fault which you too have but don’t want to acknowledge or admit
(“the kettle calling black-arse on the cooking pot”, the kettle saying that the cooking pot has got a black bottom)

:_______________________________.

crochenydd, crochenyddion ‹kro-KHE-nidh, kro-khe-NƏDH-yon› (masculine noun)
1 potter
troell crochenydd potter’s wheel

ETYMOLOGY: (crochan-, penult form of crochan = pot) + (-ydd = noun suffix denoting an agent), vowel affection a > e throught the influence of the y [i] in the final syllable
:_______________________________.

crochlef ‹ krokh -lev› feminine noun
PLURAL crochlefau ‹krokh- lê -ve›
1 strident cry, clamour

2 clamour = noisy demand
anwybyddu crochlef barháus Cymry’r fro am dai fforddadwy
ignoring the constant demand of the Welsh people of the area for affordable housing

ETYMOLOGY: (croch = loud) + soft mutation + ( llef = cry )

:_______________________________.

croen, crwyn ‹KROIN, KRUIN› (masculine noun)
1 skin

2 Does dim gwaith yn eich croen chi You’re workshy (“there’s no work in your skin”)

3 croen neidr PLURAL crwyn nadroedd snakeskin

4 mynd o’ch croen lose your temper, fly into a rage (“go (out) of your skin”)

5 yn gyrn, croen a charnau hook, line and sinker (“horns, skin / hide and hooves”)

llyncu stori’n gyrn, croen a charnau swallow a story hook, line and sinker, accept something improbable without questioning it

6 blaengroen foreskin
( blaen = front; fore) + soft mutation + (croen = skin)

Samuel-1 18:25 A dywedodd Saul, Fel hyn y dywedwch wrth Dafydd; Nid yw y brenin yn ewyllysio cynnysgaeth, ond cael cant o flaengrwyn y Philistiaid, i ddial ar elynion y brenin. Ond Saul oedd yn meddwl peri lladd Dafydd trwy law y Philistiaid.
Samuel-1 18:25 And Saul said, Thus shall ye say to David, The king desireth not any dowry, but an hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be avenged of the king's enemies. But Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines.

7 cael cyfrinach o groen rhywun prise / wheedle a secret out of somebody (“get a secret from the skin of someone)”

8 argroen epicarp
(ar = on) + soft mutation + (croen = skin)

9 noethlymun groen stark naked

10 blaidd mewn croen dafad sheep in wolf's clothing
bod yn flaidd mewn croen dafad be a sheep in wolf's clothing

11 cael gwlychfa at eich croen get soaked to the skin

:_______________________________.

croenwyn ‹ kroin win› adj
1 white-skinned
pobl groenwyn white people

Mae e’n groenwyn, yn bum droedfedd deg modfedd o daldra, gyda gwallt tywyll byr a llygaid brown
He is white, five foot ten inches tall with short dark hair and brown eyes

ETYMOLOGY: (croen = skin) + soft mutation + (gwyn = white)
:_______________________________.

..1 croes, croesau / crwys ‹KROIS, KROI se / KRUIS› (feminine noun)
1 cross

2 Y Groes Sanctaidd the Holy Cross, the Holy Rood
Eglwys y Groes Sanctaidd Holy Cross Church (Name of a church in Llanor, Gwynedd)

3 croes Geltaidd, croesau Celtaidd ‹krois GEL tedh, kroi se KEL tedh› (feminine noun)
Celtic cross

4 y Groes Goch ‹ə grois GOOKH› (feminine noun)
the Red Cross (in Moslem countries Y Cilgant Coch, the Red Crescent)

5 gorsafoedd y groes (Catholic Church) stations of the cross - a sequence of 14 crosses or images in a church or along on a roadside representing the suffering and crucifixion of Jesus

6 yn groes i’r cloc anticlockwise

7 ynghroes (arms) folded
â’i freichiau ynghroes with his arms folded

8 yn grwn ac ar groes completely (“roundly and on a cross”)
gwadu rhywbeth yn grwn ac ar groes completely deny something

:_______________________________.

..2 croes ‹KROIS› (adjective)
1 opposite

2 y peth hollol groes i the complete opposite of

3 Mae hynny’n groes i’w gymeriad It’s out of character for him (“that is contrary to his character”)

:_______________________________.

croesair, croeseiriau ‹KROI sair, kroi SEIR ye› (masculine noun)
1 crossword

:_______________________________.

Croesawdy ‹kroi- sau -di›
1 (house name) house of welcome
Cwrt Croesawdy street name. Y Drenewydd (county of Powys)

ETYMOLOGY: (croesaw-, stem of creosawu = to welcome) + soft mutation + (tŷ = house)

:_______________________________.

croesawferch ‹kroi- sau -verkh› feminine noun
PLURAL croesawferched ‹kroi-sau- ver -khed›
1 receptionist (woman)

ETYMOLOGY: (croesaw-, stem of creosawu = to welcome) + soft mutation + (merch = girl, woman)

:_______________________________.

croesawu ‹kroi SAU i› (verb)
1 to welcome

:_______________________________.

Croescwrlwys ‹kroi SKUR luis› (feminine noun)
1 district of Caer-dydd; adaptation of an English name, Culverhouse Cross, the crossroads of the dovecote

:_______________________________.

croesewl ‹kroi -seul› feminine noun
1 (South-east Wales) crossroad. See croesheol ‹krois-heul›
y groesewl = the crossroad

:_______________________________.

croesfa, croesféydd ‹KROIS va, krois VEIDH› (feminine noun)
1 pedestrian crossing
y groesfa = the crossing

:_______________________________.

croesfan, croesfannau ‹KROIS van, krois VA ne› (feminine noun)
1 pedestrian crossing
y groesfan = the crossing

2 (USA: grade crossing) (Englandic: level crossing); crossing = place where a railway is crossed.
Also croesfan wastad, croesfannau gwastad (“level / flat crossing”)
Also croesfan reilffordd, croesfannau rheilffordd (“railroad / railway crossing”)

croesfan heb ei goruchwylio unmanned level crossing (“level crossing without its supervising”)
Cadwch yn groesfan yn glir (on railway warning signs in Wales) < Keep crossing clear>, i.e. do not obstruct the railway line on the crossing
:_______________________________.

croesfan reilffordd, croesfannau rheilffordd ‹KROIS van REIL fordh, krois VA ne RHEIL fordh› (feminine noun)
(USA: grade crossing) (Englandic: level crossing)

:_______________________________.

croesfan zebra ‹KROIS van ZE bra› (feminine noun)
zebra crossing

:_______________________________.

croesffordd, croesffyrdd ‹KROIS fordh, KROIS firdh› (feminine noun)

1 crossroad
y groesffordd = the crossroad

2 Y Groesffordd (“the crossroad”)
..a/ (SH7675) locality in the county of Conwy

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH7675

..b/ street name in Bryncrug, Tywyn (county of Gwynedd)

ETYMOLOGY: (croes = cross, shape like a plus sign “+” or letter “x”) + (ffordd = road)

:_______________________________.

croesfwa ‹krois- vû -a› feminine noun
PLURAL croesfwâu ‹krois-vu-ai›
1 crossbow
y groesfwa = the crossbow

ETYMOLOGY: literal translation of English ‘crossbow’ (croes = cross) + soft mutation + (bwa = bow)

:_______________________________.

croesfwäwr ‹krois-vu-â-ur› masculine noun
PLURAL croesfwäwyr ‹krois-vu-â-wir›
1 crossbowman

ETYMOLOGY: (croesfwa = crossbow) + (-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

croesheol ‹krois-heul / krois-eul› feminine noun
PLURAL croesheolydd ‹krois- heu –lidh / krois-eu-lidh›
South Wales

NOTE: Colloquially in the south-east as
(1) croesol / y groesol ‹krois –ol / ə grois -ol› or
(2) croesewl / y groesewl ‹krois –eul / ə grois -eul›.
(3) Also without soft mutation – y croesewl ‹ə krois -eul›

1 crossroad – the intersection of two roads

y groesheol = the crossroad

Lle ofnadwy am ysbrydion oedd Croesol Rhiw Felan yn Nhonyrefail
The Rhiw Felan crossroad in Tonyrefail was a terrible place for (coming across) ghosts

...(1) Penygroesheol (“(the) top (of) the crossroad”) Street name in Trelewis (Treharris, county of Merthyrtudful) (misspelt as “Pen-y-Groes Heol”)

...(2) Croesheol y Sblot place in the county of Bro Morgannwg where Heol y Wig (the Wig road) crosses the road from Sain Dunwyd to Llanfihangel y Bont-faen (“(the) crossroad (of) the Sblot”) – (Y Sblot = name of a nearby farm on the Sain Dunwyd road)

...(3) Croesol Tyn-y-bryn the crossroads a Tyn-y-bryn; place in Tonyrefail

Dyna Dic yn tynu ein sylw at ganwyll gorff yn dod oddiwrth Groesol Tyn-y-bryn tua’r Waun-rhydd (Hanes Tonyrefail - Atgofion am y Lle a’r Hen Bobl. Thomas Morgan. 1899, Caerdydd. Tudalen 60)
Dic drew our attention to (“There is Dic drawing our attention to”) a death candle (“candle of body”) coming from Croesol Tyn-y-bryn (the crossroads by Tyn-y-bryn farm) towards Y Waun-rhydd.

2 crossroad – one of the four branches of a crossroad
Dim ond un ty oedd ar Donyrefail y pryd hynny. Roedd yn sefyll yn nghanol y Pentre, lle y mae pedair o groesheolydd - un yn arwain i’r Cymer, un arall i Lantrisant, un arall i Glynogwr, a’r llall i Gwm Elái, ac yn arwain i’r Bont-faen.
(Addasiad o ddarn yn “Hanes Tonyrefail - Atgofion am y Lle a’r Hen Bobl”, Thomas Morgan, 1899, Caerdydd. Tudalen 46)
There was only one house in Tonyrefail at that time. It stood in the middle of the village, where there are four crossroads – one leading off to Cymer, another to Llantrisant, another to Glynogwr, and the last to Cwm Elái, and going on to Y Bont-faen.

2 croesheolydd four crosses, four roads – four branches of a crossroad emanating from the crossroad centre

Croesheolydd farm south of Rhiwderin, by the road south-west to Pen-y-lan
(query: the name on the map is in standard Welsh; ?the local form is surely “Cro’s-ewlydd”)

ETYMOLOGY: (croes = cross, shape like a plus sign “+” or letter “x”) + (heol = road)

:_______________________________.

Croesheol ‹krois-heul / krois-eul›

1 place name in Malpas (Casnewydd / Newport)

Thos (Thomas) Howell, near Croesheol in Malpas (died) 11 Nov 1814 (aged) 81

(Mentioned in Llantarnam Burials 1813-74) http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~monfamilies/llantarnbur1813-74.htm

ETYMOLOGY: “cross road”, though Y Groesheol (with the definite article and the soft mutation it causes) might have been expected

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croesi ‹KROI si› (verb)
1 to cross

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croesi’r bont ‹kroi-sir bont› phrase
1 cross the bridge, go over the bridge

2 cross the bridge - said of learners of Welsh who begin to acquire fluency, be fluent enough to use Welsh with confidence

Croesi’r Bont name of such a book for Welsh learners at this stage of learning

3 Fe groeswn ni’r bont honno pan ddown ni ati hi
We’ll cross that bridge when we come to it, i.e. we’ll consider that problem at the due time

:_______________________________.

croeslin ‹krois -lon› feminine noun
PLURAL croesliniau ‹krois-lin-ye›
1 diagonal, diagonal line

y groeslin the diagonal

ETYMOLOGY: (croes = root of creosi = to cross) + soft mutation + (llin = line)

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croeso ‹kroi -so› masculine noun
1 welcome = a reception
croeso cymysg mixed reception
Croeso cymysg a fu i’r datganiad the statement had a mixed reception
croeso tlawd a poor reception
croeso oeraidd a cool reception
croeso oerllyd a cool reception
noswaith dda a chroeso (radio presenter, TV presenter, etc) good evening and welcome

2 croeso! welcome! (word of greeting to a someone who arrives in a place and who is received with pleasure)

croeso i chi! a welcome to you

Croeso is very common on signs in Wales. With place names, there is soft mutation (affecting the nine initial consonants c p t / g b d / m ll rh) after the preposition i (= to)

Cymru: Croeso i Gymru Welcome to Wales ‹KROI so i GØM-ri› [ˌkrɔɪsɔ ɪ ˡgəmrɪ]

Caernarfon: Croeso i Gaernarfon Welcome to Caernarfon [ˌkrɔɪsɔ ɪ gaɪrˡnarvɔn]
Note: colloquially Caernarfon is Cyrnarfon [kərˡnarvɔn], Cynarfon [kəˡnarvɔn]
(“Croeso i Gyrnarfon, Croeso i Gynarfon”)

Pwllheli: Croeso i Bwllheli Welcome to Pwllheli

Tregaron: Croeso i Dregaron Welcome to Tregaron

Gartholwg: Croeso i Artholwg Welcome to Gartholwg (“Church Village”)

Bangor: Croeso i Fangor Welcome to Bangor

Dinbych: Croeso i Ddinbych Welcome to Dinbych (“Denbigh”)

Merthyrtudful: Croeso i Ferthyrtudful Welcome to Merthyrtudful

Llandudno: Croeso i Landudno Welcome to Llandudno

Rhuthin Croeso i Ruthin Welcome to Rhuthin

Y Drenewydd: Croeso i’r Drenewydd Welcome to Y Drenewydd (“Newtown”)

Y Trallwng: Croeso i’r Trallwng Welcome to Y Trallwng (“Welshpool”)

3 croeso i bawb all welcome, everyone is welcome

4 croeso gwanwyn (“(the) welcome (of the) spring”) o croeso i'r gwanwyn (“welcome to the spring”) daffodil

5 welcome = welcoming ceremony

fel rhan o groeso swyddogol y Maoriaid
as part of the Maori welcoming ceremony

6 Bwrdd Croeso Cymru Welsh Tourist Board (“Board of Welcome of Wales”)
Y Bwrdd Croeso The Tourist Board

7 Croeso Chwe-deg Naw (“The Welcome of Sixty-nine”)
A celebration promoted by the English Government in the Year 1969 preceding the Investiture of the English prince Charles Windsor as Prince of Wales in the castle of Caernarfon

8 rhoi croeso i (rywun) make someone welcome

9 parod eich croeso welcoming (“ready your welcome”)
llawn croeso welcoming (“full (of) welcome”)

10 parti croeso’n ôl homecoming party (“party of welcoming back”)

11 Does dim croeso i chi yma You’re not wanted here
(“there is no welcome for you here”)

Mae croeso i chi bob amser You're welcome any time, You're always welcome
(“there is a welcome for you always”)

12 Can croeso iddo ei wneud He's quite welcome to do it
("a hundred welcomes for him to do it")

13 mynd yn hyfach na'ch croeso outstay your welcome
("become bolder than your welcome")

aros yn hwy na'ch croeso outstay your welcome
("stay longer than your welcome")

14 Mae croeso ichi alw You're welcome to call
(“there is a welcome to you calling”)

15 â chroeso you're welcome
â phob croeso you're welcome
-Diolch yn fawr. –Mae i chi bob croeso. -Thank you very much. –You’re welcome (“there is to you every welcome”)

16 â chroeso with pleasure! you’re welcome! you’re more than welcome to! (in affirming a request for a favour)

17 mawr eich croeso warmly welcomed, greatly welcomed, receiving acclaim
llyfr fydd yn fawr ei groeso a book that will be warmly welcomed

18 also as a house name, hotel name, etc: Croeso
See also Croesawdy

19 croeso i you’re / she’s / he’s / they’re welcome to...
Croeso iddo ddod i ’ngweld i unrhyw dro He’s welcome to visit me at any time

20 Bydd Croeso yn Aros yn y Bryniau translation of the title of a twentieth-century song written in English “We'll Keep a Welcome in the Hillsides”, with schmaltzy mawkish lyrics and a mournful melody, which is considered in England to be an emblematic song of Wales.
Apparently addressed to Welsh exiles returning to the old country on a visit. Some Welsh choirs to their shame include this in their repertory, though as far as I am aware the ultimate act of degradation - the song being translated and performed in Welsh – has not yet taken place.

ETYMOLOGY: croeso < croesaw. Etymology unknown. Possibly a derivative of croes (= cross)

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croesol ‹kroi -sol› feminine noun
1 (South-east Wales) crossroad. See croesheol ‹krois-heul›
y groesol = the crossroad

:_______________________________.

crofft ‹kroft› feminine noun
PLURAL crofftiau ‹kroft-yai -ye›

1 croft

y grofft the crofft

2 Grofft SH8104 house in Glantwymyn (Powys)

y grofft “the croft” (y definite article) + soft mutation + (crofft = croft)

3 Cefn-rofft SJ0049 farm east of Llanfihangel Glyn Myfyr

cefn y grofft “(the) ridge (of) the croft” (cefn = back; hill, ridge) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (crofft = croft)

ETYMOLOGY: English croft

NOTE: There is also a form where grofft was taken to be the base word, and the definite article before it has resulted in the form y rofft

Mynwent Rofft-wen SH4165 mynwent y Rofft-wen “the cemetery (by) Y Rofft-wen” name of a cemetery in Niwbwrch (Ynys Môn)

Y Rofft-wen is ‘the white croft’

(y definite article) + soft mutation + (grofft = croft) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white)

See also crofft

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..1 crog ‹kroog› feminine noun
PLURAL crogau ‹krô -ge›
1 (obsolete) cross
y grog = the cross

2 (obsolete) crucifix
Betws y Grog old name of Ceirchiog (Llechylched SH3476) in Môn. According to Melville Richards (Enwau Tir a Gwlad, 1998), “mae crog yn cyfeirio at sgrin yn yr eglwys. Yr enw Saesneg oedd Holy Rood Church.” (= crog refers to a screen in the church. The English name was Holy Rood Church)

3 crucifixion
Gwener y Grog (literary) (“Friday (of) the crucifixion”) Good Friday.
Usually Dydd Gwener y Groglith

4 Gwyl y Grog Exaltation of the Cross, Holy Cross Day (September 14). Until the abolition of the practice in 1840 by Pope Gregory 14, Jews in Rome were obliged to attend a Catholic church on this day to listen to a sermon

5 Gwyl Caffael y Groes (“festival (of) (the) finding (of) the cross”) Invention of the Cross (May 3)

6 bynsen y Grog hot cross bun (“bun (of) the cross”)

7 lili’r Grog Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum)

8 (obsolete) gallows

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *krok- < Latin *cruc-a < cruc-em < crux
From the same British root: Cornish krog (= suspension), Breton kroug (= gallows)
Irish has croch (= cross, gallows) from the Latin crux

:_______________________________.

..2 crog ‹KROOG› (adjective)
1 hanging, suspended

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crogi ‹krô -gi›
verb with an object
1 hang = kill a person by suspending by the neck

Crogai ei fam ta hynny'n elw iddo
(“he'd hang his mother if it would bring him any profit”)
He’d sell his grandmother (= he’s so unscrupulous and greedy for money that he'd sell his grandmother)

2 hang = (punishment) execute a person by suspending from a tree, gallows, etc

Esther 2:23 A phan chwilwyd y peth, fe a gafwyd felly: am hynny y crogwyd hwynt ill dau ar bren. Ac ysgrifennwyd hynny mewn llyfr cronicl gerbron y brenin.
Esther 2:23 And when inquisition was made of the matter, it was found out; therefore they were both hanged on a tree: and it was written in the book of the chronicles before the king.

crogi delw o rywun hang somebody in effigy

Eled i’w grogi! Hang the fellow!

3 (archaic) hang = crucify (See: croglith)

4 cael eich crogi = be hanged ("get your hanging")

5 crogi eich hun, hang yourself ("hanging + your + self");
more correctly eich crogi eich hun ("your + hanging + (of) your + self")

6 hang = be suspended
Wedi’r ddamwain ar y bont, roedd y lori yn crogi uwchláw y ffordd brysur o dan y bont
After the accident on the bridge, the lorry was hanging over a busy road under the bridge

7 hang = (gate) be suspended from a post
Crogir y llidiart wrth fachau haearn yn awr, ond gynt troai ar ei gorddyn wrth wden
The gate now hangs with iron hinges but formerly it swung on its pivots by means of withy loops

8 crocbren gallows, gallows tree
(crog-, stem of crogi = to hang) + soft mutation + (pren = tree)

9 North Wales
Dos i’th grogi! Go hang yourself!

Cyngor y Dre! Aed i’w crogi!
The town council! Hang the lot of them! ("let it be gone to hang them")

10 South Wales cer i grogi! go hang yourself! ("go to hang / to be hanged")

11 Mae llawer ffordd i ladd ci heblaw ei grogi
There are many ways to achieve one’s aims if one examines the problem properly
("there are many ways to hang a dog besides hanging it")

12 ar eich crogi on your life (“on your hanging”), even if someone threatens to hang you

Rwi’n addo ar ’y nhrogi na weda i air wrth neb
I swear on my life I won’t tell another soul ("I promise in spite of my hanging I won’t tell anybody")

13 tros eich crogi, dros eich crogi on your life (“over your hanging”), even if someone threatens to hang you

A i ddim i’w weld o dros ’y nghrogi!
I won’t go and see him even if they hang me

14 mynd i’ch crogi ride for a fall, do something which will inevitably bring about punishment, retribution ("go to your hanging")

15 crogi, diberfeddu a chwarteru hang, draw and quarter – kill by hanging, pulling out the entrails, and cutting off the limbs

crogi a darnu hang and quarter, hang and cut off the limbs and the head

Rhoddodd y gwarchodlu yno yr hen Spenser i’r frenhines. Crogwyd a darnwyd ef, a rhoddwyd ei gnawd i gŵn.
The retinue gave Spenser to the Queen. He was hanged and cut up, and his flesh was given to dogs.

ETYMOLOGY: (crog = hanging tree, gallows) + (-i, suffix for forming verbs); crog < British < Latin *croc-em (= cross)
From the same British root: Cornish krog (= hanging, suspension); Breton krouga (= to hang)
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croglith ‹KROG lith› (feminine noun) (crogi = crucify, llith = reading)
1 crucifixion verses, crucifixion text. , text about the crucifixion; chapters 18 and 19 in Efengyl Sant Joan / Saint John’s Gospel; later on, chapter 18 was excluded.

PENNOD 18
18:1 Wedi i’r Iesu ddywedyd y geiriau hyn, efe a aeth allan, efe a’i ddisgyblion, dros afon Cedron, lle yr oedd gardd, i’r hon yr aeth efe a’i ddisgyblion.
18:1 When Jesus had spoken these words, he went forth with his disciples over the brook Cedron, where was a garden, into the which he entered, and his disciples.

18:2 A Jwdas hefyd, yr hwn a’i bradychodd ef, a adwaenai’r lle: oblegid mynych y cyrchasai’r Iesu a’i ddisgyblion yno.
18:2 And Judas also, which betrayed him, knew the place: for Jesus ofttimes resorted thither with his disciples.

18:3 Jwdas gan hynny, wedi iddo gael byddin a swyddogion gan yr archoffeiriaid a’r Phariseaid, a ddaeth yno â lanternau, a lampau, ac arfau.
18:3 Judas then, having received a band of men and officers from the chief priests and Pharisees, cometh thither with lanterns and torches and weapons.

18:4 Yr Iesu gan hynny, yn gwybod pob peth a oedd ar ddyfod arno, a aeth allan, ac a ddywedodd wrthynt, Pwy yr ydych yn ei geisio?
18:4 Jesus therefore, knowing all things that should come upon him, went forth, and said unto them, Whom seek ye?

18:5 Hwy a atebasant iddo, Iesu o Nasareth. Yr Iesu a ddywedodd wrthynt, Myfi yw. A Jwdas, yr hwn a’i bradychodd ef, oedd hefyd yn sefyll gyda hwynt.
18:5 They answered him, Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus saith unto them, I am he. And Judas also, which betrayed him, stood with them.

18:6 Cyn gynted gan hynny. ag y dywedodd efe wrthynt, myfi yw, hwy a aethant yn wysg eu cefnau, ac a syrthiasant i lawr.
18:6 As soon then as he had said unto them, I am he, they went backward, and fell to the ground.

18:7 Am hynny efe a ofynnodd iddynt drachefn, Pwy yr ydych yn ei geisio? A hwy a ddywedasant, Iesu o Nasareth.
18:7 Then asked he them again, Whom seek ye? And they said, Jesus of Nazareth.

18:8 Yr Iesu a atebodd, Mi a ddywedais i chwi mai myfi yw: am hynny os myfi yr ydych yn ei geisio, gadewch i’r rhai hyn fyned ymaith:
18:8 Jesus answered, I have told you that I am he: if therefore ye seek me, let these go their way:

18:9 Fel y cyflawnid y gair a ddywedasai efe, O’r rhai a roddaist i mi, ni chollais i’r un.
18:9 That the saying might be fulfilled, which he spake, Of them which thou gavest me have I lost none.

18:10 Simon Pedr gan hynny a chanddo gleddyf, ei tynnodd ef, ac a drawodd was yr archoffeiriad, ac a dorrodd ymaith ei glust ddeau ef: ac enw’r gwas oedd Malchus.
18:10 Then Simon Peter having a sword drew it, and smote the high priest’s servant, and cut off his right ear. The servant’s name was Malchus.

18:11 Am hynny yr Iesu, a ddywedodd wrth Pedr, Dod dy gleddyf yn y wain: y cwpan a roddes y Tad i mi, onid yfaf ef?
18:11 Then said Jesus unto Peter, Put up thy sword into the sheath: the cup which my Father hath given me, shall I not drink it?

18:12 Yna’r fyddin, a’r milwriad, a swyddogion yr Iddewon, a ddaliasant yr Iesu, ac a’i rhwymasant ef,
18:12 Then the band and the captain and officers of the Jews took Jesus, and bound him,

18:13 Ac a’i dygasant ef at Annas yn gyntaf: canys chwegrwn Caiaffas, yr hwn oedd archoffeiriad y flwyddyn honno, ydoedd efe.
18:13 And led him away to Annas first; for he was father in law to Caiaphas, which was the high priest that same year.

18:14 A Chaiaffas oedd yr hwn a gyngorasai i’r Iddewon, mai buddiol oedd farw un dyn dros y bobl.
18:14 Now Caiaphas was he, which gave counsel to the Jews, that it was expedient that one man should die for the people.

18:15 Ac yr oedd yn canlyn yr Iesu, Simon Pedr, a disgybl arall: a’r disgybl hwnnw oedd adnabyddus gan yr archoffeiriad, ac efe a aeth i mewn gyda’r Iesu i lys yr archoffeiriad.
18:15 And Simon Peter followed Jesus, and so did another disciple: that disciple was known unto the high priest, and went in with Jesus into the palace of the high priest.

18:16 A Phedr a safodd wrth y drws allan. Yna y disgybl arall yr hwn oedd adnabyddus gan yr archoffeiriad, a aeth allan, ac a ddywedodd wrth y ddrysores, ac a ddug Pedr i mewn.
18:16 But Peter stood at the door without. Then went out that other disciple, which was known unto the high priest, and spake unto her that kept the door, and brought in Peter.

18:17 Yna y dywedodd y llances oedd ddrysores wrth Pedr, Onid wyt tithau o ddisgyblion y dyn hwn? Dywedodd yntau, Nac wyf.
18:17 Then saith the damsel that kept the door unto Peter, Art not thou also one of this man’s disciples? He saith, I am not.

18:18 A’r gweision a’r swyddogion, gwedi gwneuthur tân glo, oherwydd ei bod hi’n oer, oeddynt yn sefyll, ac yn ymdwymo: ac yr oedd Pedr gyda hwynt yn sefyll, ac yn ymdwymo.
18:18 And the servants and officers stood there, who had made a fire of coals; for it was cold: and they warmed themselves: and Peter stood with them, and warmed himself.

18:19 A’r archoffeiriad a ofynnodd i’r Iesu am ei ddisgyblion, ac am ei athrawiaeth.
18:19 The high priest then asked Jesus of his disciples, and of his doctrine.

18:20 Yr Iesu a atebodd iddo, Myfi ‘a leferais yn eglur wrth y byd: yr oeddwn bob amser yn athrawiaethu yn y synagog, ac yn y deml, lle mae’r Iddewon yn ymgynnull bob amser; ac yn ddirgel ni ddywedais i ddim.
18:20 Jesus answered him, I spake openly to the world; I ever taught in the synagogue, and in the temple, whither the Jews always resort; and in secret have I said nothing.

18:21 Paham yr wyt ti yn gofyn i mi? gofyn i’r rhai a’m clywsant, beth a ddywedais wtthynt: wele, y rhai hynny a wyddant pa bethau a ddywedais i.
18:21 Why askest thou me? ask them which heard me, what I have said unto them: behold, they know what I said.

18:22 Wedi iddo ddywedyd y pethau hyn, un o’r swyddogion a’r oedd yn sefyll gerllaw, a roddes gernod i’r Iesu, gan ddywedyd, Ai felly yr wyt ti’n ateb yr archoffeiriad?
18:22 And when he had thus spoken, one of the officers which stood by struck Jesus with the palm of his hand, saying, Answerest thou the high priest so?

18:23 Yr Iesu a atebodd iddo, Os drwg y dywedais, tystiolaetha o’r drwg; ac os da, paham yr wyt yn fy nharo i?
18:23 Jesus answered him, If I have spoken evil, bear witness of the evil: but if well, why smitest thou me?

18:24 Ac Annas a’i hanfonasai ef yn rhwym at Caiaffas yr archoffeiriad.
18:24 Now Annas had sent him bound unto Caiaphas the high priest.

18:25 A Simon Pedr oedd yn sefyll ac yn ymdwymo. Hwythau a ddywedasant wrtho, Onid wyt tithau hefyd o’i ddisgyblion ef? Yntau a wadodd, ac a ddywedodd, Nac wyf.
18:25 And Simon Peter stood and warmed himself. They said therefore unto him, Art not thou also one of his disciples? He denied it, and said, I am not.

18:26 Dywedodd un o weision yr archoffeiriad, (câr i’r hwn y torasai Pedr ei glust,) Oni welais i di gydag ef yn yr ardd?
18:26 One of the servants of the high priest, being his kinsman whose ear Peter cut off, saith, Did not I see thee in the garden with him?

18:27 Yna Pedr a wadodd drachefn; ac yn y man y canodd y ceiliog.
18:27 Peter then denied again: and immediately the cock crew.

18:28 Yna y dygasant yr Iesu oddi wrth Caiaffas i’r dadleudy: a’r bore ydoedd hi, ac nid aethant hwy i mewn i’r dadleudy, rhag eu halogi; eithr fel y gallent fwyta’r pasg.
18:28 Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover.

18:29 Yna Peilat a aeth allan atynt, ac a ddywedodd, Pa achwyn yr ydych chwi yn ei ddwyn yn erbyn y dyn hwn?
18:29 Pilate then went out unto them, and said, What accusation bring ye against this man?

18:30 Hwy a atebasant ac a ddywedasant wrtho, Oni bai fod hwn yn ddrwgweithredwr, ni thraddodasem ef.atat.
18:30 They answered and said unto him, If he were not a malefactor, we would not have delivered him up unto thee.

18:31 Am hynny y dywedodd Peilat wrthynt, Cymerwch chwi ef, a bernwch ef yn ôl eich cyfraith chwi. Yna yr Iddewon a ddywedasant wrtho, Nid cyfreithlon i ni ladd neb:
18:31 Then said Pilate unto them, Take ye him, and judge him according to your law. The Jews therefore said unto him, It is not lawful for us to put any man to death:

18:32 Fel y cyflawnid gair yr Iesu, yr hwn a ddywedasai efe, gan arwyddocáu o ba angau y byddai farw.
18:32 That the saying of Jesus might be fulfilled, which he spake, signifying what death he should die.

18:33 Yna Peilat a aeth drachefn i’r dadleudy, ac a alwodd yr Iesu, ac a ddywedodd wrtho, Ai ti yw Brenin yr Iddewon?
18:33 Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again, and called Jesus, and said unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews?

18:34 Yr Iesu a atebodd iddo, Ai ohonot dy hun yr wyt ti yn dywedyd hyn, ai eraill a’i dywedasant i ti amdanaf fi?
18:34 Jesus answered him, Sayest thou this thing of thyself, or did others tell it thee of me?

18:35 Peilat a atebodd, Ai Iddew ydwyf fi? Dy genedl dy hun a’r archoffeiriaid a’th draddodasant i mi. Beth a wnaethost ti?
18:35 Pilate answered, Am I a Jew? Thine own nation and the chief priests have delivered thee unto me: what hast thou done?

18:36 Yr Iesu a atebodd, Fy mrenhiniaeth i nid yw o’r byd hwn. Pe o’r byd hwn y byddai fy mrenhiniaeth, fy ngweision i a ymdrechent, fel na’m rhoddid i’r Iddewon: ond yr awron nid yw fy mrenhiniaeth i oddi yma.
18:36 Jesus answered, My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom were of this world, then would my servants fight, that I should not be delivered to the Jews: but now is my kingdom not from hence.

18:37 Yna y dywedodd Peilat wrtho, Wrth hynny ai Brenin. wyt ti? Yr Iesu a atebodd, Yr ydwyt ti yn dywedyd mai Brenin wyf fi. Er rnwyn hyn y’m ganed, ac er mwyn hyn y deuthum i’r byd, fel y tystiolaethwn i’r gwirionedd. Pob un a’r sydd o’r gwirionedd, sydd yn gwrando fy lleferydd i.
18:37 Pilate therefore said unto him, Art thou a king then? Jesus answered, Thou sayest that I am a king. To this end was I born, and for this cause came I into the world, that I should bear witness unto the truth. Every one that is of the truth heareth my voice.

18:38 Peilat a ddywedodd wrtho, Beth yw gwirionedd? Ac wedi iddo ddywedyd hyn, efe a aeth drachefn at yr Iddewon, ac a ddywedodd wrthynt, Nid wyf fi yn cael dim achos ynddo ef.
18:38 Pilate saith unto him, What is truth? And when he had said this, he went out again unto the Jews, and saith unto them, I find in him no fault at all.

18:39 Eithr y mae gennych chwi ddefod, i mi ollwng i chwi un yn rhydd ar y pasg: a fynnwch chwi gan hynny i mi ollwng yn rhydd i chwi Frenin yr Iddewon?
18:39 But ye have a custom, that I should release unto you one at the passover: will ye therefore that I release unto you the King of the Jews?

18:40 Yna y lefasant oll drachefn, gan ddywedyd, Nid hwnnw, ond Barabbas. A’r Barabbas hwnnw oedd leidr.
18:40 Then cried they all again, saying, Not this man, but Barabbas. Now Barabbas was a robber

PENNOD 19
19:1 Yna gan hynny y cymerodd Peilat yr Iesu, ac a’i fflangellodd ef.
19:1 ::Then Pilate therefore took Jesus, and scourged him.

19:2 A’r milwyr a blethasant goron o ddrain, ac a’i gosodasant ar ei ben ef, ac a roesant wisg o borffor amdano;
19:2 And the soldiers platted a crown of thorns, and put it on his head, and they put on him a purple robe,

19:3 Ac a ddywedasant, Henffych well, Brenin yr Iddewon; ac a roesant iddo gernodiau.
19:3 And said, Hail, King of the Jews! and they smote him with their hands.

19:4 Peilat gan hynny a aeth allan drachefn, ac a ddywedodd wrthynt, Wele yr wyf fi yn ei ddwyn ef allan i chwi, fel y gwypoch nad wyf fi yn cael ynddo ef un bai.
19:4 Pilate therefore went forth again, and saith unto them, Behold, I bring him forth to you, that ye may know that I find no fault in him.

19:5 Yna y daeth yr Iesu allan, yn arwain y goron ddrain, a’r wisg borffor. A Pheilat a ddywedodd wrthynt, Wele’r dyn.
19:5 Then came Jesus forth, wearing the crown of thorns, and the purple robe. And Pilate saith unto them, Behold the man!

19:6 Yna yr archoffeiriaid a’r swyddogion, pan welsant ef, a lefasant, gan ddywedyd, Croeshoelia, croeshoelia ef. Peilat a ddywedodd wrthynt, Cymerwch chwi ef, a chroeshoeliwch: canys nid wyf fi yn cael dim bai ynddo.
19:6 When the chief priests therefore and officers saw him, they cried out, saying, Crucify him, crucify him. Pilate saith unto them, Take ye him, and crucify him: for I find no fault in him.

19:7 Yr Iddewon a atebasant iddo, Y mae gennym ni gyfraith, ac wrth ein cyfraith ni efe a ddylai farw, am iddo ei wneuthur ei hun yn Fab Duw.
19:7 The Jews answered him, We have a law, and by our law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God.

19:8 A phan glybu Peilat yr ymadrodd hwnnw, efe a ofnodd yn fwy;
19:8 When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he was the more afraid;

19:9 Ac a aeth drachefn i’r dadleudy, ac a ddywedodd wrth yr Iesu, O ba le yr wyt ti? Ond ni roes yr Iesu ateb iddo.
19:9 And went again into the judgment hall, and saith unto Jesus, Whence art thou? But Jesus gave him no answer.

19:10 Yna Peilat a ddywedodd wrtho, Oni ddywedi di wrthyf fi? oni wyddost ti fod gennyf awdurdod i’th groeshoelio di, a bod gennyf awdurdod i’th ollwng yn rhydd?
19:10 Then saith Pilate unto him, Speakest thou not unto me? knowest thou not that I have power to crucify thee, and have power to release thee?

19:11 Yr Iesu a atebodd, Ni byddai i ti ddim awdurdod arnaf fi, oni bai ei fod wedi ei roddi i ti oddi uchod: am hynny yr hwn a’m traddodes i ti, sydd fwy ei bechod.
19:11 Jesus answered, Thou couldest have no power at all against me, except it were given thee from above: therefore he that delivered me unto thee hath the greater sin.

19:12 O hynny allan y ceisiodd Peilat ei ollwng ef yn rhydd: ond yr Iddewon a lefasant, gan ddywedyd, Os gollyngi di hwn yn rhydd, nid wyt ti yn garedig i Gesar. Pwy bynnag a’i gwnelo ei hun y frenin, y mae yn dywedyd yn erbyn Cesar.
19:12 And from thenceforth Pilate sought to release him: but the Jews cried out, saying, If thou let this man go, thou art not Caesar’s friend: whosoever maketh himself a king speaketh against Caesar.

19:13 Yna Peilat, pan glybu’r ymadrodd hwn, a ddug allan yr Iesu; ac a eisteddodd ar yr orseddfainc, yn y lle a elwir y Palmant, ac yn Hebraeg, Gabbatha.
19:13 When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he brought Jesus forth, and sat down in the judgment seat in a place that is called the Pavement, but in the Hebrew, Gabbatha.

19:14 A darpar-ŵyl y pasg oedd hi, ac ynghylch y chweched awr: ac efe a ddywedodd wrth yr Iddewon, Wele eich Brenin.
19:14 And it was the preparation of the passover, and about the sixth hour: and he saith unto the Jews, Behold your King!

19:15 Eithr hwy a lefasant, Ymaith ag ef, ymaith ag ef, croeshoelia ef. Peilat a ddywedodd wrthynt, A groeshoeliaf fi eich Brenin chwi? A’r archoffeiriaid a atebasant, Nid oes i ni frenin ond Cesar.
19:15 But they cried out, Away with him, away with him, crucify him. Pilate saith unto them, Shall I crucify your King? The chief priests answered, We have no king but Caesar.

19:16 Yna gan hynny efe a’i traddodes ef iddynt i’w groeshoelio. A hwy a gymerasant yr Iesu, ac a’i dygasant ymaith.
19:16 Then delivered he him therefore unto them to be crucified. And they took Jesus, and led him away.

19:17 Ac efe gan ddwyn ei groes, a ddaeth i le a elwid Lle’r benglog, ac a elwir yn Hebraeg, Golgotha:
19:17 And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha:

19:18 Lle y croeshoeliasant ef, a dau eraill gydag ef, un o bob tu, a’r Iesu yn y canol.
19:18 Where they crucified him, and two others with him, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst.

19:19 A Pheilat a ysgrifennodd deitl, ac a’i dododd ar y groes. A’r ysgrifen oedd, IESU O NASARETH, BRENIN YR IDDEWON.
19:19 And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was, JESUS OF NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS.

19:20 Y teitl hwn gan hynny a ddarllenodd llawer o’r Iddewon; oblegid agos i’r ddinas oedd y fan lle y croeshoeliwyd yr Iesu: ac yr oedd wedi ei ysgrifennu yn Hebraeg, Groeg, a Lladin.
19:20 This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew, and Greek, and Latin.

19:21 Yna archoffeiriaid yr Iddewon a ddywedasant wrth Peilat, Nac ysgrifenna Brenin yr Iddewon; eithr dywedyd ohono ef, Brenin yr Iddewon ydwyf fi.
19:21 Then said the chief priests of the Jews to Pilate, Write not, The King of the Jews; but that he said, I am King of the Jews.

19:22 Peilat a atebodd, Yr hyn a ysgrifennais, a ysgrifennais.
19:22 Pilate answered, What I have written I have written.

19:23 Yna y milwyr, wedi iddynt groeshoelio’r Iesu, a gymerasant ei ddillad ef, ac a wnaethant bedair rhan, i bob milwr ran; a’i bais ef: a’i bais ef oedd ddiwnïad, wedi ei gwau o’r cwr uchaf trwyddi oll.
19:23 Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout.

19:24 Hwythau a ddywedasant wrth ei gilydd, Na thorrwn hi, ond bwriwn goelbrennau amdani, eiddo pwy fydd hi: fel y cyflawnid yr ysgrythur sydd yn dywedyd, Rhanasant fy nillad yn eu mysg, ac am fy mhais y bwriasant goelbrennau. A’r milwyr a wnaethant y pethau hyn.
19:24 They said therefore among themselves, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be: that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith, They parted my raiment among them, and for my vesture they did cast lots. These things therefore the soldiers did.

19:25 Ac yr oedd yn sefyll wrth groes yr Iesu, ei fam ef, a chwaer ei fam ef, Mair gwraig Cleoffas, a Mair Magdalen.
19:25 Now there stood by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene.

19:26 Yr Iesu gan hynny, pan welodd ei fam, a’r disgybl yr hwn a garai efe yn sefyll gerllaw, a ddywedodd wrth ei fam, O wraig, wele dy fab.
19:26 When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by, whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son!

19:27 Gwedi hynny y dywedodd wrth y disgybl, Wele dy fam. Ac o’r awr honno allan y cymerodd y disgybl hi i’w gartref.
19:27 Then saith he to the disciple, Behold thy mother! And from that hour that disciple took her unto his own home.

19:28 Wedi hynny yr Iesu, yn gwybod fod pob peth wedi ei orffen weithian, fel y cyflawnid yr ysgrythur, a ddywedodd, Y mae syched arnaf.
19:28 After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst.

19:29 Yr oedd gan hynny lestr wedi ei osod yn llawn o finegr; a hwy a lanwasant ysbwng o finegr, ac a’i rhoddasant ynghylch isop, ac a’i dodasant wrth ei enau ef.
19:29 Now there was set a vessel full of vinegar: and they filled a sponge with vinegar, and put it upon hyssop, and put it to his mouth.

19:30 Yna pan gymerodd yr Iesu’r finegr, efe a ddywedodd, Gorffennwyd: a chan ogwyddo ei ben, efe a roddes i fyny yr ysbryd.
19:30 When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.

19:31 Yr Iddewon gan hynny, fel nad arhoai’r cyrff ar y groes ar y Saboth, oherwydd ei bod yn ddarpar-ŵyl, (canys mawr oedd y dydd Saboth hwnnw,) a ddeisyfasant ar Peilat gael torri eu hesgeiriau hwynt, a’u tynnu i lawr.
19:31 The Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not remain upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that sabbath day was an high day,) besought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.

19:32 Yna y milwyr a ddaethant, ac a dorasant esgeiriau’r cyntaf, a’r llall yr hwn a groeshoeliasid gydag ef.
19:32 Then came the soldiers, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other which was crucified with him.

19:33 Eithr wedi iddynt ddyfod at yr Iesu, pan welsant ef wedi marw eisoes, ni thorasant ei esgeiriau ef.
19:33 But when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they brake not his legs:

19:34 Ond un o’r milwyr a wanodd ei ystlys ef â gwaywffon: ac yn y fan daeth allan waed a dwfr.
19:34 But one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came there out blood and water.

19:35 A’r hwn a’i gwelodd, a dystiolaethodd; a gwir yw ei dystiolaeth; ac efe a ŵyr ei fod yn dywedyd gwir, fel y credoch chwi.
19:35 And he that saw it bare record, and his record is true: and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye might believe.

19:36 Canys y pethau hyn a wnaethpwyd, fel y cyflawnid yr ysgrythur, Ni thorrir asgwrn ohono.
19:36 For these things were done, that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken.

19:37 A thrachefn, ysgrythur arall sydd yn dywedyd, Hwy a edrychant ar yr hwn a wanasant.
19:37 And again another scripture saith, They shall look on him whom they pierced.

19:38 Ac ar ôl hyn, Joseff o Arimathea (yr hwn oedd ddisgybl i’r Iesu, eithr yn guddiedig, rhag ofn yr Iddewon) a ddeisyfodd ar Peilat, gael tynnu i lawr gorff yr Iesu: a Pheilat a ganiataodd iddo. Yna y daeth efe ac a ddug ymaith gorff yr Iesu.
19:38 And after this Joseph of Arimathaea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, besought Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus: and Pilate gave him leave. He came therefore, and took the body of Jesus.

19:39 A daeth Nicodemus hefyd, (yr hwn ar y cyntaf a ddaethai at yr Iesu o hyd nos,) ac a ddug fyrr ac aloes yng nghymysg, tua chan pwys.
19:39 And there came also Nicodemus, which at the first came to Jesus by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred pound weight.

19:40 Yna y cymerasant gorff yr Iesu, ac a’i rhwymasant mewn llieiniau, gydag aroglau, fel y mae arfer yr Iddewon ar gladdu.
19:40 Then took they the body of Jesus, and wound it in linen clothes with the spices, as the manner of the Jews is to bury.

19:41 Ac yn y fangre lle y croeshoeliasid ef, yr oedd gardd; a bedd newydd yn yr ardd, yn yr hwn ni ddodasid dyn erioed.
19:41 Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden; and in the garden a new sepulchre, wherein was never man yet laid.

19:42 Ac yno, rhag nesed oedd darpar-ŵyl yr Iddewon, am fod y bedd hwnnw yn agos, y rhoddasant yr Iesu.
19:42 There laid they Jesus therefore because of the Jews’ preparation day; for the sepulchre was nigh at hand.

y groglith the crucifixion verses

2 Dydd Gwener y Groglith
Good Friday ("Friday of the reading about the crucifixion")
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crogwr ‹krô -gur› masculine noun
PLURAL crogwyr ‹krog -wir›
1 hangman
2 (South Wales) (in children's rhymes) bys y crogwr = ring finger

ETYMOLOGY: (crog- stem of crogi = to hang) + (-wr suffix = man)

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crombil ‹krom-bil› masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL crombiliau ‹krom-bil-ye›
1 crop or gizzard of a bird
y crombil / y grombil = the gizzard

2 belly
Fe aeth e i lawr i’r dafarn i gael rhyw ychydig o gwrw yn ei grombil
He went down to the pub to get some beer into his belly
hel yn eich crombil stuff yourself with food (“gather into your belly”)

3 core = innermost part of something; the depths / bowels / heart / far interior / recesses (of a place); deep inside (a place)

Daeth hen ŵr o grombil y siop
An old man came out of the recesses of the shop

yng nghrombil y ddaear
in the depths of the earth, in the bowels of the earth, in the core of the earth

Bachodd bump o fygiau o grombil y cwpwrdd
He got five mugs from deep inside the cupboard

Fflat newydd sy tua deng munud o waith cerdded o grombil y ddinas
A new flat which is about ten minutes’ walk from the centre of the city

yng nghrombil y coed deep inside the woods

mynd i mewn i grombil y llong go into the bowels of the ship

ETYMOLOGY: “curved skin” (crom, feminine form of crwm = curved) + soft mutation + (pil = skin, loose skin, bird’s crop)

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cromlech PLURAL cromlechi, cromle

Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia La Web de Gal·les i Catalunya The Wales-Catalonia Website Y Gwe-eiriadur An Internet dictionary of Welsh for speakers of English

Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia
La Web de Gal·les i Catalunya
The Wales-Catalonia Website

Y Gwe-eiriadur
An Internet dictionary of Welsh for speakers of English