kimkat1076e A Welsh to English Dictionary in scroll-down format. Geiriadur Cymraeg a Saesneg ar fformat sgrolio-i-lawr.


01-05-2023

(delwedd 0003)

Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia El Web de Gal·les i Catalunya The Wales-Catalonia Website Y Gwe-eiriadur An Internet dictionary of Welsh for speakers of English TR Y Llyfr Ymwelwyr / El Llibre de Visitants / The Guestbook: http://pub5.bravenet.com/guestbook/391211408/ Beth sy’n newydd?

(delwedd 4666)

...

A	AR	B	BR	C	CE	CI
CR	CY	D	DI	E	F	G
GW	GWI	H	I, J, K	L	M	MI
N	O	P	PL, Q	R	S	T
TR	U, V	W, X	Y, Z

tra ‹TRAA› (preposition)
1 while

tra'r oedd yn ymladd yn Rhyfel Cartref America while he was fighting in the American civil war

Cystal i fi orffen y gwaith nawr tra 'mod (= fy mod) yma I may as well finish the work now while I’m here
Tra’r môr yn fur i’r bur hoff bau While the sea is a wall for the well-beloved country (from the National Anthem)

2 (with the subjunctive) cynaeafu tra bo’n dywydd teg make hay while the sun shines, make the most of an opportunity

tra bo dau while there are two (of us) (name of a folk song)

Tra bo dŵr y môr yn hallt while the water of the sea is saline, as long as the sea is made of salt water i.e. forever

3 tra = while (there is...), while (there will be)...

tra byd, Cymraeg while there is a world / as long as the Earth lasts, there will be the Welsh language

4 tra... tra... = (while there is...) + (there will be...)

Tra môr, tra Meirion while there is sea, there will be the region of Meirion (= Meirionydd) as long as there is sea, there shall be Meirion,

(motto of Cyngor Sir Feirionnydd / Merionethshire County Council (1889-1974))

Tra môr, tra Brython while there is a sea, there shall be Britons (= Welsh people) (Brython = a Briton;

or it might also have a plural sense = Britons; “Brython” was historically a plural noun)

4 tra... tra... = while there is... (and) while there is ...

Byw fyddo y Gymraeg tra môr tra Brython. The Welsh language will live while there is a sea and while there are Britons (= Welsh people)

(Agoriad Gwybodaeth / Hugh Hughes (Tegai) / 1845)

:_______________________________.

tra ‹TRAA› (adverb)
1 very (literary) (causes spirant mutation of three consonants – c-ch, p-ph, t-th)

2 tra chyfoethog ‹tra khə VOI thog› very rich

:_______________________________.

trac ‹trak› masculine noun
PLURAL traciau ‹trak -ye›
1 (railway) (a) track = rails mounted on crossties (American English) / sleepers (Englandic),

(b) track = course of an abandoned railway

ar lawr y dyffryn mae trac hen reilffordd on the floor of the valley there is an old railway track
llwybr beicio 15 milltir newydd sy’n dilyn yr hen drac rheilffordd a new bike path 15 miles long which follows / goes along the old railway track

2 race track (for cars)

trac rasio racing track

3 track = way

trac graeanog gravel track

Trowch i’r chwith heibio i’r eglwys ar drac llydan. Ewch drwy’r llidiart

Turn left past the church on a wide track. Go through the gate

trac athletau athletics track

Trac Seiclo’r Maendy Maendy Cycle Track

4 trac treigl caterpillar track, caterpillar tread (“track (of) rolling”)

5 track (on a record or tape)

trac sain soundtrack

trac teitl y cryno-ddisg the title track of the CD

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh trac < English track < French < Germanic; modern Dutch has trekken (= to pull)

:_______________________________.

trac cerdded ‹trak ker-dhed› masculine noun
PLURAL traciau cerdded ‹trak –yai -ye ker-dhed›
1 duck board, one of a number of boards placed on muddy ground to form a temporary pedestrian track which is easily removable; used for example on an eisteddfod field (“track (of) walking”)

:_______________________________.

trachefn ‹tra- khee -ven› adverb
1 again; usually with soft mutation drachefn

2 obsolete, preposition behind;
“Kae tracheuen y skibbor”, Year 1676; Llangrallo / Laleston (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr / Bridgend)

Modern spelling of informal form - Cae Trachefen y Sgubor
Literary form: Cae Trachefn yr Ysgubor

ETYMOLOGY: (tra = beyond) + spirant mutation + (cefn = back)

NOTE: in South Wales, trachefn > trachefen, trachefan

:_______________________________.

trachwant ‹tra -khwant› masculine noun
PLURAL trachwantau ‹tra-khwan–tai -e›
1 lust, sexual desire
2 covetousness, desire to own something

ETYMOLOGY: (tra, intensifying prefix) + (chwant = desire)

:_______________________________.

tractor, tractorau ‹TRAK tor, trak TO re› (masculine noun)
1 tractor

:_______________________________.

tra’d ‹ traad ›
1 southern form of traed (= feet)
Usually spelt (less correctly trâd)


:_______________________________.

traddodiad, traddodiadau ‹tra DHOD yad, tra dhod YÂ de› (masculine noun)
1 tradition
cynnal traddodiad uphold a tradition

:_______________________________.

traddodiadol ‹tra dhod YÂ dol› (adj)
1 traditional

:_______________________________.

traddodi ‹tra DHÔ di› (verb)
1 give (a lecture, etc)

2 traddodi pregeth give a sermon
Traddododd bregeth a ganmolid yn fawr gan un o’r gwrandawyr He gave a sermon which was greatly praised by one of the listeners

:_______________________________.

traed ‹TRAID› (plural noun)
1 feet
See: troed ‹TROID› = foot

:_______________________________.

traed moch ‹traid MOOKH›
1 disorder, mess, chaos, disarray
bod yn draed moch be in a mess
Roedd y stafell yn draed moch The room was a mess

gwneud traed moch o’r cwbl make a mess of everything

mynd yn draed moch ar end disastrously for someone
Mi eith yn draed moch arnon ni os na frysiwn ni We’ll be for it if we don’t hurry

mynd yn draed moch (meeting, association, etc) fall into disarray, end in disarray


Esboniodd sut yr aeth pethau yn draed moch yn y gymdeithas
He explained how the association fell into disarray

Dyma ni’n dod i drafod y cynnig ac aeth y cyfarfod yn draed moch ar unwaith
We began to dicuss the proposal and the meeting descended into chaos at once

ETYMOLOGY: “feet (of) pigs”, pig's feet (traed = feet) + (moch = pigs). The expression is said by some to come from the fact that a pig which tries to swim cuts its throat with its trotters

:_______________________________.

traeth, traethau ‹TRAITH, TREI thai, the› (masculine noun)
1 beach, sands

ar y traeth on the beach, on the sands, on the shore

2 sandflats, sand bar

(delwedd 4410)

Y Traeth Bach SH5636 (qv) (lower down this page)
Y Traeth Mawr SH3567 (qv) (lower down this page)

3 (county of Brycheiniog) marshy land, bog

SN9625 Y Traeth Mawr, by Líbanus, Powys (“the great bog”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/42370

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traeth ‹traith› f
PLURAL traethau ‹bikh- trei -the›
1 (obsolete) treatise, account, declaration, narration.
The usual word is traethawd

2 buchdraeth biography
This literary word was never in general use. An example of it is a book title for the year 1888. Buchdraeth y Parch. (= Parchedig) John Mills, Llundain. “(the) biography (of) the Reverend John Mills, London”

(buch-, first syllable of buchedd = life) + soft mutation + (traeth = treatise, declaration, narration). First occurrence of this word noted for the year 1818.

:_______________________________.

traethawd ‹trei-thaud› masculine noun
PLURAL traethodau ‹trei- thoo -de›
1 treatise, thesis, dissertation

2 essay
traethawd arobryn prize-winning essay, winning essay

3 newspaper article, report

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin tractât(us)
This is a word from literary Welsh, and so aw has been maintained; i.e. there is not the usual colloquial reduction of aw in a final syllable to ‹o› : *traethod

:_______________________________.

Y Traeth Bach ‹ə traith baakh› masculine noun
SH5636
1 sandflat in the county of Gwynedd (in the district of Meirionnydd) “the little sandflat / shore / beach “

:_______________________________.

traethell, traethellau ‹TREI thelh, trei THE lhe› (feminine noun)
1 sandbank, sand bar, tidal flat
y draethell the sandbank

Traethellau’r Tir Newydd the Banks of Newfoundland

In Bangor as treillath (with metathesis)

2 mudbank (for which the standard term is poncen laid)

3 Y Draethell Tidal flat between north-east of Traeth Lafan, between Penmon (Ynys Môn) and Penmaen-mawr (Conwy). English name: Dutchman Bank.

(delwedd 7556)

ETYMOLOGY: (traeth = beach) + (-ell diminutive suffix)

:_______________________________.

traeth gwyllt ‹traith gwilht› masculine noun
PLURAL traethau gwylltion ‹treith-ye gwəlht-yon›
1 quicksand = area of loose wet sand on a seashore into which heavy objects sink

ETYMOLOGY: “wild beach” (traeth = beach) + (gwyllt = wild)

:_______________________________.

Y Traeth Gwyn ‹traith GWIN› masculine noun
1 name of various beaches

..a/ Y Ceinewydd SN3859, Ceredigion

..b/ near Llangoed SH6079, Ynys Môn

..c/ Portmeirion SH5837,Gwynedd

..d/ Tyddewi SM7525, Penfro

Also Bae Traeth Gwyn

ETYMOLOGY: “the white beach, the white sands” (y definite article) + (traeth = beach) + (gwyn = white)

:_______________________________.


Traeth Lafan ‹traith LAA-van›
1 sandflat between Llanfair Fechan and Biwmaris, south-east of Y Draethell (= the sandbank) (English name: Dutchman Bank)

(delwedd 7556)

:_______________________________.

traethlin ‹tReith -lin› feminine noun
PLURAL traethlinau ‹treith- lî -ne›
1 shoreline = a boundary line between land and water
y draethlin = the shoreline

ETYMOLOGY: (traeth = beach) + soft mutation + (llin = line)

:_______________________________.

Y Traeth Mawr ‹ə traith mAuR›
1 SH5939 sandflat in the county of Gwynedd

Y Traeth Mawr SH5839 (“the big sandflat, the greater sandflat”) is the tidal estuary of Afon Glaslyn, the upper section of which, beyond the embankment (Y Còb) completed in 1811, is now mostly reclaimed land. Y Traeth Bach SH5357 (“the little sandflat, the lesser sandflat”) adjoins it to the south and east, at the estuary of Afon Dwyryd.

As a result of the conversion of most of Y Traeth Mawr to grazing land, this “greater sandflat” it is now much smaller than the “lesser sandflat” (Y Traeth Bach).

The two together are Deudraeth “two sandflats” is (deu- < dau = two) + soft mutation + (traeth = beach, strand, sandflat) – that is , Y Traeth Mawr and Y Traeth Bach

The two sandflats gave the name to the Deudraeth headland (Penrhyn Deudraeth = “(the) headland (at) (the area known as) Deudraeth”), from which the name of the village of Penrhyndeudraeth. (Natural features are spelt with the component parts of the name are spelt separately, and settlement names the components are run together as a single word). Also to Castelldeudraeth “(the) castle(at) Deudraeth”).


The village of Penrhyndeudraeth.was built in the second half of the nineteenth century by David Williams of Castelldeudraeth in nearby Minffordd. The short name for the village is Y Penrhyn.

Y Penrhyn Uchaf (“upper Penrhyn”) was originally known as Y Cefn-coch (“the red hill”) , and the name is perpetuated in the name of the primary school – Ysgol Cefn Coch.

The two sandflats are also referred to in the identifying tag of the village of Llanfihangel, to distinguish it from numerous other settlements called Llanfihangel. This is Llanfihangel y Traethau “(the) Llanfihangel (which is by) the sandflats”

(Llanfihangel – church of Michael the Archangel)


(delwedd 7410)

(penrhyn = headland) + (Deudraeth)

http://www.flickr.com/photos/gwylan/2493612128/sizes/o/ Aber Dwyryd

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1159427 Y Traeth Mawr

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/183606 Y Traeth Mawr

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/84815 Y Traeth Bach

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/364696 SH5638 Y Cei Balast

2 Y Traeth Mawr SH3567 beach at Abérffro (Ynys Môn)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1027638

ETYMOLOGY: “the big beach / sandflat”

(y = definite article) + (traeth = beach) + (mawr = big)

:_______________________________.

traethu ‹TREI thi› (verb)
1 declare
2 traethu barn ar (rywbeth) voice an opinion about (something)

:_______________________________.

trafaeliwr ‹tra VEIL yur›
1 spelling variant of trafeiliwr

:_______________________________.

trafal, trafals/trafeiliau ‹TRA vals, tra VEIL ye› (feminine noun)
1 (North) commercial salesman’s round / route
y drafal = the commercial salesman’s round

:_______________________________.

trafeiliwr, trafeilwyr ‹tra VEIL yur, tra VEIL wir› (masculine noun)
1 commercial salesman

:_______________________________.

trafferth, thrafferthion ‹TRA ferth, tra FERTH yon› (feminine noun)
1 trouble
y drafferth = the trouble
trafferthion rhywiol sexual disfunction, sexual problems

2 gyda chryn drafferth with great difficulty

3 arbed i rywun y drafferth o wneud rhywbeth save somebody the trouble of doing something (“save to somebody the trouble of doing something”)

4 deddf arbed trafferth the law of least effort (“(the) law (of) saving trouble”)

5 mynd i’r drafferth o (wneud rhywbeth) go to the trouble of (doing something)

:_______________________________.

trafferthus ‹tra FERTH is› (adj)

1 fussy

Mor drafferthus â’r iâr â dau gyw “As fussy as the hen with two chicks”, being very fussy about a small matter

ETYMOLOGY: (trafferth = trouble) + (-us adjectival ending)

:_______________________________.

traffig ‹TRA fig› (masculine noun)
1 traffic

ETYMOLOGY: English traffic

A final –k in English words taken into Welsh becomes a final –g
e.g. havoc > hafog, plastic > plastig

:_______________________________.

traffordd, traffyrdd ‹TRAA fordh, TRAA firdh› (feminine noun)
1 (American: turnpike, freeway) (England: motorway)
y draffordd the mororway

ETYMOLOGY: (tra intensifying prefix) + (ffordd = road)
:_______________________________.

traffyrdd ‹TRAA-firdh›
1 plural of traffordd

:_______________________________.

trafnidiaeth ‹trav NID yeth› (f)
1 transport

trafnidiaeth gyfannol integrated transport

trafnidiaeth gyhoeddus public transport
:_______________________________.

trafod ‹TRA vod› (verb)
1 discuss
cylch trafod discussion group

trafod syniadau discuss ideas, brainstorm

2 handle
Ni bydd mysyglog faen o’i fynych drafod A rolling stone gathers no moss (“it will not be mossy a stone from its frequent handling / moving about”)

:_______________________________.

trafodion ‹tra- vod -ion› plural noun
1 transactions = a written account of what was discussed in a meeting
trafodion cynhadledd conference proceedings

2 transactions = proceedings, volume or book of the papers read in a conference; or

3 transactions = permanent archival record of research and discussions

Trafodion Anrhydeddus Gymdeithas y Cymmrodorion Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion

ETYMOLOGY: plural of the verb-noun trafod (= to discuss)

:_______________________________.

tragwydd ‹TRA guidh› (adj)
1 eternal

yn dragwydd eternally, for ever

Hebreaid 13:8 Iesu Grist, ddoe a heddiw yr un, ac yn dragywydd.
Hebrews 13:8 Jesus Christ the same yesterday, and today, and for ever

2 dragwydd always, eternally. There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases, hence tragwydd > dragwydd

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tragwyddoldeb ‹tra-gui- dhol -deb› masculine noun
1 eternity
am dragwyddoldeb for eternity, eternally

2 Bible y bryniau tragwyddoldeb the lasting hills

Genesis 49:26 Rhagorodd bendithion dy dad ar fendithion fy rhieni, hyd derfyn bryniau tragwyddoldeb: byddant ar ben Joseff, ac ar gorun yr hwn a neilltuwyd oddi wrth ei frodyr.
Genesis 49:26 The blessings of thy father have prevailed above the blessings of my progenitors unto the utmost bound of the everlasting hills: they shall be on the head of Joseph, and on the crown of the head of him that was separate from his brethren.

Deuteronium 33:15 Ac â hyfrydwch pen mynyddoed y dwyrain, ac â hyfrydwch bryniau tragwyddoldeb
Deuteronomy 33.15 And for the chief things of the ancient mountains, and for the precious things of the lasting hills

ETYMOLOGY: (tragwyddol = eternal) + (-deb = suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

tragwyddolfyd ‹tra-gui- dhol -vid› masculine noun
1 eternity
y tu yma i’r tragwyddolfyd this side of eternity, in our mortal existence

ETYMOLOGY: (tragwyddol = eternal) + soft mutation + (byd = world)
:_______________________________.

tragwyddoli ‹tra-gui- dhô -li›
(verb with an object)
1 perpertuate

ETYMOLOGY: (tragwyddol = eternal) + + (-i suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

trai ‹TRAI› (masculine noun)
1 low tide, ebb (of tide)

llanw a thrai ebb and flow (“flow and ebb”)
hanner trai half ebb

ar hanner trai at half ebb (the state of the tide some three hours after the flood tide, when the intertidal zone is covered by the sea; half ebb is halfway through the ebb tide, when the sea is receding, and half of the intertidal zone – if it is of a uniform gradient - is exposed)

Mae’r traeth yn sych ar hanner trai, ond yn beryglus At half ebb the beach is dry, but dangerous

Carreg Hanner Trai Name of a rock by Caergybi (“rock (exposed) at half ebb”

2 Mae hi’n drai ar y claf The patient’s life is ebbing away (“it is low tide on the patient”)

:_______________________________.

trais, treisiau ‹TRAIS, TREIS-ye› (masculine noun)
1 violence

2 di-drais non-violent, peaceful
gwrthsafiad di-drais passive resistance

3 pwylldrais brainwashing = the practice or technique of making someone believe that what is not true is true
(pwyll = mind) + soft mutation + (trais = violence, rape)

:_______________________________.

trallod ‹tra -lhod› masculine noun
PLURAL trallodion, trallodau ‹tra- lhod -yon, tra- lho -de›
1 tribulation, woes, distress, trouble, difficulties
mewn trallod in distress
teulu mewn trallod a family in distress
Mi glywais lais rhywun yn galw mewn trallod I heard the voice of someone in distress calling

dwyn trallod ar bring trouble on

ETYMOLOGY: (tra- = intensifying prefix) + (llawd. This element is the same as modern Welsh llawd = sow’s desire for a boar)

:_______________________________.

trallwng ‹TRA-lhung› masculine noun
1 (place names) dirty pool, boggy spot, swamp, marsh

ETYMOLOGY: (tra intensifying prefix) + (llwng, variant of llwnc, stem of the verb llyncu = to swallow)
:_______________________________.

Y Trallwng ‹ə TRA-lhung›
1 (SN9629) parish in the district of Brycheiniog (county of Powys)
Former name: Trallwng Cynfyn (the meaning is “the place called Y Trallwng in Cynfyn’s territory” rather than “Cynfyn’s swamp”, which the name might suggest at first sight)
(1961) population: 148, proportion of Welsh-speakers: 28%
(1971) population: 145, proportion of Welsh-speakers: 21%

2 (SJ2207) locality in the district of Maldwyn (county of Powys)
Local form: Y Trallwm (if the change is not purely phonological ng > n > m, it may be through the influence of the word llwm = bare, exposed)

(final n > m occurs in a few words in Welsh, but generally with borrowings from English: cotwm = cotton, botwm = button)

Old name: Trallwng Llywelyn (the meaning is “the place called Y Trallwng in Llywelyn’s territory” rather than “Llywelyn’s swamp”, which the name might suggest at first sight); also Y Trallwng Coch

The town of Y Trallwng is the administrative centre of the district of Trefaldwyn / Maldwyn

The English name is “Welshpool”, or locally “The Pool” (a direct translation of the Welsh name)

“Welshpool”. It has been suggested that it means the “Pool in Wales”, to differentiate it from some place or places in England called Pool – e.g. “Poole”, a town on the south coast of England, this though seems rather improbable.

Perhaps it means rather the “Pool of the Welsh”, in contrast to some nearby place called Pool inhabited by English people, although there is no record of this place.

There are other examples on the border with England where in one part of a district Welsh customs and laws prevail (Welshry), whereas in the other part English customs and laws prevail (Englishry) - Welsh Frankton and nearby English Frankton, both in present-day Shropshire in England; Welsh Bicknor (Herefordshire, England) and nearby English Bicknor across the present-day county boundary (in Gloucestershire, England)

The pool / swamp of the name “possibly refers the pool below Powys Castle” (Modern Place-names in Great Britain and Ireland, Adrian Room 1983) (i.e. Llyn Du)

2 (SS6996) locality in Abertawe

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/486769

3 locality in the county of Rhondda Cynon Taf

4 street name in Llandeilo (county of Caerfyrddin)

5 village on the island of Môn

ETYMOLOGY: See the previous entry

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tram ‹tram› masculine noun
PLURAL tramiau ‹tram -ye›
1 (USA: streetcar, trolley car) (Englandic: tram, tramcar) = vehicle on rails set into a road electrically driven or horse drawn

2 dram coaltram, tub; small vehicle for moving coal away from a coalface in a mine

3 tram ceffyl horse car, horse-drawn tram, tub; small vehicle for moving coal away from a coalface in a mine

ETYMOLOGY: English tram, taken from Low German c1500 with the sense of ‘shaft of a cart’

:_______________________________.

tramffordd ‹tram -fordh› feminine noun
PLURAL tramffyrdd ‹tram -firdh›
1 (USA: tramroad) (Englandic: tramway) small railway for moving stone in a quarry or coal in a mine, etc
y dramffordd the tramway / the tramroad

2 tramline, tramway, tramtracks = tracks on which a tram runs

3 tramline, tramway - a network of tramlines
map y dramffordd - map of the tramway network

4 tramline company, tramway company

ETYMOLOGY: translation of English tramway, tramroad (tram = tram) + (ffordd = way, road)

:_______________________________.

tramgwydd PLURAL tramgwyddau ‹TRAM guidh, tram GUI dhe› (masculine noun)
1 stumbling

maen trangwydd stumbling block

Eseia 8:13 ARGLWYDD y lluoedd ei hun a sancteiddiwch; a bydded efe yn ofn i chwi, a bydded efe yn arswyd i chwi: (8:14) Ac efe a fydd yn noddfa; ond yn faen tramgwydd ac yn graig rhwystr i ddau dy Israel, yn fagl ac yn rhwyd i breswylwyr Jerwsalem.

Isaiah 8:13 Sanctify the LORD of hosts himself; and let him be your fear, and let him be your dread. (8:14) And he shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for a rock of offense to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem.

2 offence, infringement of a rule
tramgwydd yn dwyn cosb o garchar imprisonable offence (“offence carrying a punishment of prison”)

:_______________________________.

tramor ‹tra -mor› adjective
1 overseas, foreign = outside the isle of Britain

2 y Swyddfa Dramor Foreign Office; (= USA: State Department); Ministry of the Exterior

y Weinyddiaeth Dramor The State Department (USA)

3 (South-east) gwyr tramor foreigners

4 rhywle tramor somewhere abroad, some foreign country

5 iaith dramor foreign language

6 gwlad dramor foreign country

7 arian tramor foreign currency

8 gohebydd tramor foreign correspondent

9 gwyliau tramor holidays abroad, foreign holidays
Mae mynd am wyliau tramor heb sticer GB ar eich pen ôl yn gofyn am drwbl... Yn Ffrainc mae dirwy ar ochr y ffordd o 600F (£75) am fod heb GB... (Cymro 22 05 1996)
Going on holidays abroad without a GB sticker (Great Britain) on the back of your car is asking for trouble... In France there’s an on-the-spot fine (“roadside fine”) of 600F (£75) for not having a GB (sticker)...

10 hebog tramor (Falco peregrinus) = peregrine falcon

ETYMOLOGY: (tra = across) + (mor = sea) < British *tros mari that is, across the sea, outside the island of Britain
Cornish: tramor (= foreign, of another country)

:_______________________________.

tramorwr ‹tra- mô -rur› masculine noun
PLURAL tramorwyr ‹tra- mor -wir›
1 foreigner, person fron outside Great Britain

ETYMOLOGY: (tramor (adjective) = foreign) + (-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

tramwyaeth ‹ tram- ui -eth› feminine noun
1 coming and going, movement, traffic

ETYMOLOGY: (tramwy-, arrel de tramwy = go, move, travel ) + (-aeth suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

trannoeth ‹TRA noth› (adv, m)
1 the following day

bore trannoeth the following morning
tan bore trannoeth until the following morning

:_______________________________.

transh ‹transh› masculine noun
PLURAL transhus ‹tran -shis›
1 trench, ditch

2 ‘transh’ is found in a number of place names in the south-east:
(1) Tŷn-y-transh ST0079 (“(the) smallholding (by) the ditch”) name of a farm in Llanharri (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=161494

(2) Y Transh SS8581 (“the ditch”) name of a farm in Stormy Down, county of Bro Morgannwg, by a track leading to the village of Trelales SS8879 (in the parish of Llandudwg Uchaf “Tythegston”).

(3) Y Transh (“the ditch”) SO2700 locality on the western edge of the town of Pont-y-pŵl (county of Torfaen)

Pen-transh place north of Y Transh

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1011055 Heol Rufeinig, Pen-transh / Roman road, Pen-transh

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

(4) Coed y Transh (“(the) wood (of) the ditch”) by Llanfihangel y Fedw ST2485, county of Casnewydd

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/336479 Pont Rhymni, Llanfihangel y Fedw

ETYMOLOGY: English trench < Old French trenche (= something that has been cut) > trenchier (= to cut) < Latin truncâre (= to cut);

In modern French it is tranche (= slice of bread; cross section; portion, etc), tranchée (= trench), trancher (= to cut)

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traphont ‹TRAA-font› feminine noun
PLURAL traphontydd ‹tra-fon-tidh›
1 viaduct = bridge which carries a road or railway across a valley
y draphont = the viaduct

traphont reilffordd, traphontydd rheilffordd railway viaduct

(traphont = viaduct) + soft mutation + (rheilffordd = railway, railroad)

traphont ddŵr ‹trâ -font duur› PLURAL traphontydd dŵr ‹tra-fon-tidh duur› aqueduct = bridge carrying a canal over a valley

(traphont = viaduct) + soft mutation + (dŵr = water)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/845235 Traphont reilffordd ger Malltraeth (Ynys Môn), Railway viaduct near Malltraeth (Ynys Môn / Anglesey)

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: (tra- = intensifying prefix) + spirant mutation + (pont = bridge)

NOTE: Sometimes fforddbont is used for ‘viaduct’

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tras, trasau ‹TRAAS, TRA se› (feminine noun)
1 (genealogy) lineage
y dras = the lineage

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trasen ‹ tra -sen› feminine noun
PLURAL tresys ‹ tre -sis›
1 (South-west) trace, pulling strap of a horse
See tres

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trásiedi, trasiedïau ‹TRA she di, tra she DII e› (feminine noun)
1 tragedy
y drásiedi = the tragedy

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trasys ‹ tra -sis› (pl)
1 (South-west) plural of trasen trace, pulling strap of a horse
See tres

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tra’th ‹ traath ›
1 southern form of traeth (= beach)
Usually spelt (less correctly trâth

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traul, treuliau ‹TRAIL, TREIL-ye› (feminine noun)
1 expense
y draul the expense

treiliau expenses

cael digon at eich treuliau cover your expenses

2 bwrw’r draul estimate the cost, work out how much something will cost, count the cost

Sant Luc 14:28 Canys pwy ohonoch chwi â’i fryd i ar adeiladu tw^r, nid eistedd yn gyntaf, a bwrw’r draul, a oes ganddo a’i gorffenno?
Luke 14:28 For which of you, intending to build a tower, sitteth not down first, and counteth the cost, whether he have sufficient to finish it?

Mae i ymfudiaeth fel i bob peth arall ddau wyneb, yr hagr a’r teg – y tywyll a’r goleu. Bwriwch y draul. Ystyriwch y mater. Barnwch drosoch eich hunain. (Y Gwladgarwr, Aber-dâr. 19 Ebrill 1862)

Emigration like everything else has two sides to it (“has two faces”), the good one and the bad one (“the ugly and the fair”) the dark side and the bright side (“the dark and the light”). Work out the cost. Consider the matter. Judge for yourselves.

3 wear and tear

4 digestion

diffyg traul indigestion (“lack (of) digestion”)

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trawfforch ‹TRAU-forkh› feminine noun
PLURAL trawffyrch ‹TRAU-firkh›
1 tuning fork, “pitchfork”
y drawfforch the pitchfork

ETYMOLOGY: (traw = (Music) pitch) + (fforch = fork)

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trawiad ‹TRAU-yad› masculine noun
PLURAL trawiadau ‹trau-YAA-dai, -e›
1 blow, hit
ar un trawiad at a stroke (= by a single action), then and there

A dyma’r landlord yn dyblu y rhent ar un trawiad
The landlord doubled the rent then and there

2 stroke = sudden loss of consciousness
trawiad gwres heat stroke

3 trawiad ar y galon heart attack

cael trawiad ar y galon have a heart attack
A sudden occurrence of an uncontrollable condition

4 gwrthdrawiad collision

5 trawiad ar y galon heart attack (“a hit/ blow on the heart”)
Mae ysmygu yn cynyddu’r perygl o gael trawiad ar y galon
Smoking increases the risk of having a heart attack

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traws ‹TRAUS› (adjective)
1 crosswise, across

2 trosedd offence, crime (USA: offense)

(traws = across) + (-edd suffix for forming abstract nouns)

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traws- ‹TRAUS› (prefix)
1 trans-, over, across
traws-Iwerydd trans-Atlantic

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trawsblannu ‹trau SPLA ni› (verb)
1 transplant (organ, plant)

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trawsffordd ‹ traus -fordh› (f)
PLURAL trawsffyrdd ‹ tRAus- firdh›
1 byway, byroad, back road, remote road

2 cutacross, a road which links two roads by cutting across a space between them

There is a road called Trawsffordd in Ystradgynlais a section of the B4599 which joins the A4067.

The name should surely be Y Drawsffordd, with the definite article.



ETYMOLOGY: (traws = across, trans-) + (ffordd = road)

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Trawsfynydd ‹traus və nidh › (verb)
1 village in Gwynedd

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/534791 Capel Moreia

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

A similar name is Trás-os-Montes [tɾaz-uʒ-'mõtɨʃ] in northern Portugal (“across the mountains”)

ETYMOLOGY: “(area) across (the) mountain” (traws = across, trans-) + soft mutation + (mynydd = mountain)

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trawslin ‹ traus -lin› masculine noun
PLURAL trawsliniau ‹ traus- lin -ye›
1 diagonal

ETYMOLOGY: (traws = across, trans-) + soft mutation + (llin = line)

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trawslythreniad ‹traus-ləth ren -yad›
1 transliteration
Abbreviation: trsl.

ETYMOLOGY: (trawslythrenn- stem of trawslythrennu = transliterate) + (-i-ad abstract noun-forming suffix)

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trawst, trawstiau ‹TRAUST, TRAUST ye› (masculine noun)
1 beam (of roof)

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tre’ ‹TREE› (feminine noun)
1 See: tref ‹TREEV› = town
y dre = the town

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Tre-boeth ‹tre-boith › feminine noun
1 (SS6596) locality in the county of Abertawe (Gorllewin Morgannwg)
Local form: Tre-booth

2 SJ4165 Handbridge; locality in the county of Cheshire, England; by Chester, south of the River Dyfrdwy

ETYMOLOGY: “burnt trêv” (tref = ‘trêv’, farmstead) + soft mutation + (poeth = burnt)
‘Burnt’ could refer either to the trêv or to the soil of the trêv

NOTE: In south Wales oe > o; thus, poeth > pooth

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Trebor ‹TREE-bor› (m)
1 Man's name. In fact, it is the name Robert written backwards. The first example of this is the bardic name of the poet Robert Williams of Llanrhychwyn, Gwynedd (1830-1877), which was Trebor Mai (“Trebor of the month of May”), though in fact in origin it was the English phrase ‘I am Robert’ reversed.

2 Trebor Lloyd Jones (1909-1979), author born in Y Bala, Gwynedd

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Trecastell ‹tre-KA-stelh›
1 place name

..a/ Trecastell Farm SH3370 in Ynys Mòn, near Y Berffro / Abérffraw

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH3370 map

Porth Trecastell “(the) cove (of) Trecastell” (called “Trecastell Bay” by the English)

………………………

..b/ Trecastell SN8829 Village in Brycheiniog, Powys (called “Trecastle” by the English)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/145862

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..c/ Trecastell SO4506 Farm near Llangodan (county of Mynwy)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO4506 map

………………………

..d/ Trecastell Farm SH6178 near Llan-faes, Ynys Môn (spelt “Tre-castell” on the Ordnance Survey map”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/416914 Trecastell

………………………

..e/ Trecastell ST0181 Farm near Llanhari (Rhondda Cynon Taf)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/406565 Trecastell

Coed Trecastell woodland north-west of Trecastell “(the) wood (by) Trecastell”

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) trêv / manor (by) the castle” tref y castell > tre’r castell > tre castell (loss of the linking definite article ’r)

(tref / tre = trêv) + (y / yr / ’r definite article) + (castell = castle)

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trech ‹treekh› (adjective)
1 stronger

Trech metel na maint “(it is) stronger bravery than size”

mynd yn drech na (rhywun) to become too much for (someone) to cope with

Mae’r cyfan yn mynd yn drech na fi It’s all getting to be too much for me

trechaf treisied, gwannaf gwaedded (qv)
deddf treched treisaf > treched (qv)
trech dwy wrach nag un (qv)
trech gwlad nac arglwydd (qv)

masculine noun
2 someone stronger, something stronger
cwrdd â’ch trech meet more than your match

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trechaf ‹TREE-khav› adjective
1 strongest
2 (as a noun) the strongest one, the mightiest one
cael y trechaf ar get the better of (“get the strongest on”)

ETYMOLOGY: (trech = stronger) + (-af superlative adjective termination)

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trechaf treisied, gwannaf gwaedded ‹TREE-kha TREI-shed, GWA-na GWEI-dhed›
1 survival of the fittest, might is right, dog eat dog

ETYMOLOGY: “let (the) strongest oppress, let (the) weakest shout”
(trechaf = strongest)
+ (treisio = to oppress; -ed third person singular imperative ending),
+ (gwannaf = weakest)
+ (gwaeddu, gwaedd- = to shout; -ed third person singular imperative ending)

NOTE: Often only the first part used of the saying is used: Trechaf treised, the rest being understood.

A variant is Trechaf treisied, gwannaf gwichied “let (the) weakest squeak” (gwichian, gwichi- = to squeak; -ed third person singular imperative ending)

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treched ‹TREE-khed› verb
1 it may oppress
y ddeddf treched treisaf the law of the jungle, survival of the fittest, might is right, dog eat dog (“the law (of) (the) strongest) may oppress”)

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trech dwy wrach nag un ‹treekh dui wraakh nag iin›
1 two heads are better than one

ETYMOLOGY: “(it is) stronger two witches than one”
(trech = stronger) + (dwy two, feminine form) + soft mutation + (gwrach = witch) + (nag = than, form of na before a vowel) + (un = one)

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trech gwlad nac arglwydd ‹treekh gwlAAd naag AR-gluidh›
1 tyranny doesn’t last

ETYMOLOGY: “(it is) stronger a country than a lord”; the power of the populace is greater than that of a lord ruling over them
(trech = stronger) + (gwlad = country) + (nac = than, form of na before a vowel) + (arglwydd = lord)

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Tredeger ‹tre-DEE-ger›
1 Variant of the name Tredegar, a town in the former county of Sir Fynwy / Monmouthshire (in fact, the original form of the name;

the present form shows the change of e > a in a final syllable characteristic of Gwentian Welsh)

(delwedd F6552)

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Tredelerch ‹tRe-DEE-leRkh›
1 former village in Mynwy, now a district of Caer-dydd
The English name is Rumney, which led some to mistakenly believe that the Welsh name was Rhymni, and indeed it so appeared on bilingual signs in the city. The village was on the eastern bank of the Rhymni river, but Rhymni is a town (spelt Rhymney in English) in the uplands of the county of Caerffili (originally it was within the county of Mynwy) near the source of the river.

The name Tredelerch was quite unknown, even to the city’s Welsh speakers, but it has made a reappearance on signs and in the name Parc Tredelerch ST2178 for a new park at Lamby, south of Tredelerch

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/48379 Parc Tredelerch

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Tre-din ‹tre- diin ›
1 mynd i Dre-din (company) go bankrupt, go up the spout, go down the river, collapse

ETYMOLOGY: ‘village (of the) ass / arse ’
(tref / tre = farm ‹in place names›, town) + soft mutation + (tin = bottom, American: ass, Englandic: arse)

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tref ‹treev› feminine noun
PLURAL trefi ‹trê -vi›
Colloquial form: tre ‹tree›
y dref / y dre the town

1 place names settlement, farmstead; township; village of freemen (in contrast to pentref, where the bondsmen lived)

2 town
tref gaerog walled town

3 recent place names town (e.g. Treforus)

4 some towns are identified in some contexts with the name of some prominent resident

Tref Glyn-dŵr (“(the) town (of) Glyndwr”) = Machynlleth, where Owain Glyn Dwr established a parliament in the year 1406

Tref Daniel Owen (“(the) town (of) Daniel Owen”) = Yr Wyddgrug, after the town’s famed novelist (1836-1895)

5 an example of a town identified by the nickname of its residents is Caernarfon (Gwynedd) -
Tre’r Cofis (“town of the ‘coves’”) The word cofi (= bloke, fellow) is from English ‘cove’ (= bloke, fellow), with the addition of the Welsh diminutive suffix -i. From its association with the town it has come to mean also ‘inhabitant of Caernarfon’. According to Webster’s Dictionary, ‘cove’ is ‘said to be from Romany kova (= creature)

6 some towns are identified with the name of some well-known characteristic
Tre’r Sosban nickname for Llanelli (‘the town of the saucepan’ in allusion to the song ‘Sosban Fach’ – little saucepan, related to the the tinplate works in this town)

7 Yr Ucheldref / Yr Ucheldre (qv) “the high trêv / farmstead” Place name (occurs as a farm name and a street name)
(uchel = high ) + soft mutation + (tref = trêv / farmstead)

8 coetref (coetre) ‹koi-trev, koi-tre›
PLURAL coetrefi ‹koi-tRee-vi›

“trêv / farmstead in a wood, trêv / farmstead by a wood”
(coed = wood, trees) + soft mutation + (tref = trêv, farmstead = hedge) > coed-dref > coetref (the sequence d-d > t)

In place names as coetre, which in the ‘a-zones’ (north-west and south-east) becomes coetra

9 cytref conurbation
cytref < cyd-dref (cyd- prefix = together) + soft mutation + (tref = town)

10 tref enedigol (rhywun) the town which is the birthplace of (someone), the town where (someone) was born
Abergele – tref enedigol Emrys ap Iwan Abergele – the birthplace of Emrys ap Iwan

11 tref + a river name
Most examples seem to be late forms, with tref or tre having the modern meaning ‘village / town’ in most cases

Trecynon {tre-KƏ-non} [trɛˡkənɔn] (“the village on the Cynon river”) (from mid-1800s)

Trefalun {tre-VAA-lin} [trɛˡvɑˑlɪn] farmstead on the river Alun (a translation of an English name)

Trefenai {tre-VEE-nai} [trɛˡveˑnaɪ] (“the village on the Menai Strait”) (Street name, Brynsiencyn, Ynys Môn)

Trefechan {tre-VEE-khan} [trɛˡveˑxan] (housing estate in Merthyrtudful)

Rather than ‘little town’ this would seem to be “town / housing estate (by) (the) (Taf) Fechan river” i.e.

Tre daf fechan > Tre fechan

If it were ‘little town / village / estate’ Y Drefechan would be expected

(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (tre = town, < tref) + soft mutation + (bechan, feminine form of bychan = small).

Taf Fechan {taav VEE-khan} [tɑːv ˡveˑxan] is (Taf, river name, feminine) + soft mutation + (bechan, feminine form of bychan = small).

(delwedd F6551)

Trefynwy {tre-VƏ-nui} [trɛˡvənʊɪ] Monmouth (“the town on the river Mynwy / Monnow”). The English name

Seems to be a translation of an earlier Welsh name Aber Mynwy (‘Mynwy Mouth’, place where the Mynwy enters the Gwy).

The use of aber for on the coast (= estuary) and inland (= confluence of a stream and a river) is usual in Welsh, but it is unusual to find ‘mouth’ in English names inland. The Welsh name would refer to the town which developed after the building of the Norman castle. Wyesham (= Wye’s Ham), on the English side of the river Gwy, has the same meaning as Trefynwy (if it is ham = dwelling, and not hamm = meadow). The Welsh name could be a translation of Wyesham, which seems to predate the Norman invasion of Great Britain in 1066.

(delwedd F6553)

Tregeiriog {tre-GEIR-yog} [trɛˡgəɪrjɔg] village in Sir Ddinbych / Denbighshire (“the settlement on the river Ceiriog”)

(delwedd F6550)

Trehafren {tre-HAV-ren} [trɛˡhavrɛn] housing estate in Y Drenewydd / Newtown, Powys (“the town on the river Hafren / Severn”)

Trelái {tre-LAI} [trɛˡlaɪ] (“the village on the Elái or Lai river”)

Treorci {tre-OR-ki} [trɛˡɔrkɪ] (“the village on the Gorci stream”)

Trerhondda {tre-HRON-dha} [trɛˡhrɔnða] (“the village on the Rhondda (Fach) river”). Name of a Calvinistic Methodist chapel in Glynrhedynog / Ferndale. More likely, however, the meaning is ‘main town in the Rhondda valley’ as Glynrhedynog was for a time the preeminent town, as it was the first location in the two Rhondda valleys to be intensively industrialised.

12 tref anghyfannedd ghost town (“uninhabited town”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh tref < Breitsh trebā < Celtic *trebā (= settlement) < PIE (Proto-Indo-European) *treb- (= settlement)

Breton trev (f) (= division of a parish)

Irish: treibh (= house, family, tribe)

Cf (from the same PIE root) English thorp (= village), German das Dorf (= village)

Cf (from the same PIE root) Lithuanian troba (= house).

The evolution of the word from house > town is parallelled in English by

a) Old English |tuun| (= enclosure) > town

and in French by

b) Latin villa (= house) > French ville (= farm / village > town)

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Trefaldwyn ‹tre VALD win›
1 town in the county of Powys. English name: Montgomery

2 Equivalent to Sir Drefaldwyn county of Trefaldwyn / Montgomeryshire
Abbreviation Trefn. = Trefaldwyn, county of Trefaldwyn

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Trefalun ‹trev-AA-lin›
1 a hall SJ3656 (“Trevalyn Hall”) in Wrecsam county

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/219429 Trefalun

ETYMOLOGY: “trêv (by) (Afon) Alun / (the river) Alun”)
(tref / tre = trêv, farm) + (Alun)

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Tref Daniel Owen ‹treev dan-yel ou-en› feminine noun
1 (“(the) town (of) Daniel Owen”). A by-name for Yr Wyddgrug. See tref

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Trefenai ‹tre-VEE-nai›
1 street name in Brynsiencyn (county of Ynys Môn)

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) village (by) (the) Menai” – Menai is a strait between the island of Môn and the rest of Wales
(tref = trêv, farmstead; town) + soft mutation + (Menai)

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Trefesgob ‹trev-E-skob› feminine noun
1 SO3288 Bishop’s Castle, Shropshire



(delwedd 7089)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/38232

ETYMOLOGY: tref yr esgob (“(the) town (of) the bishop”).

Egwin Shakehead, an Anglian landowner here in pre-Norman times, gave part of his lands to the Bishop of Hereford after being cured of the palsy through a miracle at the tomb of Ethelbert in Hereford Cathedral. A subsequent Bishop of Hereford built a castle here.

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Tref Glyn-dŵr ‹treev glin duur› feminine noun
1 (“(the) town (of) Glyn-dŵr”). A by-name for Machynlleth. See tref

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trefi ‹TREE-vi› (plural noun)
(PLURAL form)
See: tref / tre ‹TREEV, TREE› = town

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treflan ‹tRev -lan› feminine noun
PLURAL treflannau ‹trev- lA -ne›

1 village; small town, townlet
mewn treflan fechan yn Sir Gaerfyrddin in a small town in the county of Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen

2 Treflan street name in
..a/ Aberdyfi (county of Gwynedd)
..b/ Bangor (county of Gwynedd)
..c/ Llansantffráid ym Mechain (district of Maldwyn, county of Powys)
..d/ Y Ffôr (county of Gwynedd)

3 y dreflan “the village” (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (treflan = village)

Dreflan < Y Dreflan is a street name in
..a/ Cwmgïedd, Ystradgynlais (district of Brycheiniog, county of Powys)

..b/ Rhosgadfan (county of Gwynedd)

..c/ Yr Wyddgrug (county of Y Fflint) This one would seem to be in commemoration of the novel Y Dreflan written in 1881 by the novelist from this town, Daniel Owen (1836-95)

ETYMOLOGY: (tref = trêv, farmstead; town) + soft mutation + (llan = enclosure)

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trefn (“trefen”), trefnau ‹TREE ven, TREV-ne› (feminine noun)
1 arrangement; order, state of being tidy
y drefn = the order

cadw trefn gaeth ar strictly control (“keep a tight control on”)

2 dodrefnyn (= piece of furniture), plural dodrefn (= furniture). In older Welsh dodrefn meant “room” < dy-o-drefn (do prefix = ‘to’) + soft mutation + (go / gwo prefix = under) + soft mutation + (trefn = order)

3 dod i drefn settle down, get back to normal, (“come to (an) order”)
Mae pethau wedi dod i drefn Things are back to normal, Things have settled down (after a mishap, disruption, war, etc)
Yr oedd pethau heb ddyfod i drefn eto ar ol y rhyfel
Things hadn’t got back to normal yet after the war

4 rhoi pethau yn eu trefn sort things out, put things in order (“put things in their order”)

5 cyfundrefn system, organisation (cyfun = joint ) + soft mutation + ( trefn = order)
y gyfundrefn nerfol the nervous system
y gyfundrefn heulol the solar system
Cyfundrefn y Cenhedloedd Unedig (CCU) United Nations Organisation (UNO)

6 claddu dan yr hen drefn eat heartily (“bury under / according to the old system”)

7 yn nhrefn amser with the passage of time, over time (“in (the) order (of) time”)



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Trefn.
1 abbreviation = Trefaldwyn
Equivalent to Sir Drefaldwyn county of Trefaldwyn / Montgomeryshire

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Trefnannau ‹trev-NA-nai, -e› (f)
1 village SJ2015 in Powys (as “Trefnanney” on the Ordnance Survey map).

Slightly to the north-west there is a farm of the same name (“Trefnanney Fm” on the Ordnance Survey map).

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=283874 map

To the north-east, above Y Sarnau, there is “Tref-nannau Bank” SJ2315

Query: In Welsh “Tref-nannau Bank” is ?Cefn Trefnannau

ETYMOLOGY: tref y nannau “(the) trêv (of) (the) streams”
(tref = trêv, farmstead) + (y definite article) + (nannau a plural form of nant = stream)
The usual plural of nant nowadays in nentydd

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trefniad, trefniadau ‹TREVN-yad, trevn-YAA-dai, -e› (masculine noun)
1 arrangement

2 “Trwy drefniad yn unig” “By appointment only”

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trefnu ‹TREV ni› (verb)
1 organise, arrange

ETYMOLOGY: (trefn = order) + (-u verb suffix)

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trefnwr, trefnwyr ‹TREV nur, TREVN wir› (masculine noun)
1 organiser

ETYMOLOGY: (trefn-, stem of the verb trefnu = to organise, to order) + (-wr noun suffix, denoting an agent, from gŵr = man)
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trefnwr angladdau ‹TREV nur an GLA dhe› (masculine noun)
1 funeral director, undertaker

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trefnydd, trefnyddion ‹TREV nidh, trev NƏDH yon› (masculine noun)
1 methodist

Trefnyddion Calfinaidd Calvanistic Methodists (mainly 1800s)

Nowadays Methodistiaid Calfinaidd

The abbreviation is T.C., to be seen in this photo of Tarsus, an abandoned chapel in Y Penrhyn SH8517, Gwynedd

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/506353

ETYMOLOGY: (trefn-, stem of the verb trefnu = to organise, to order) + (-ydd noun suffix, denoting an agent)

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Trefonnen ‹tre-VO-nen› feminine noun
1 SJ2526 locality 4km south-west of Croesoswallt (“Oswestry”), England

2 ST3483 locality in the county of Casnewydd. English name: “Nash”
Coleg Trydyddol Gwent, Campws Trefonnen, Heol Trefonnen, Casnewydd NP19 4TS
“Gwent Tertiary College, Newport ‘Nash’ Campus, Nash Road, Newport NP19 4TS”

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) trêv (of) (the) ash tree” (tref = trêv, farmstead) + (onnen = ash tree)

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Trefonwys ‹tre-VOO-nuis ›
1 street name in Bangor

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/383548 Trefonwys

ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (“(the) town (of) (the) people-from-Môn”)

(tre = town) + soft mutation + (Monwys = inhabitants-of-Môn )

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Trefor ‹TREE vor› (feminine noun)
1 place-name (‘big trêv, big farmstead’)

2 man’s name (anglicised as Trevor)

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Treforus [tre-VOO-ris]
1 village SS6598 in the county of Abertawe. English name: Morriston

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/32251

Local name: Dreforis

NOTE: p. 445, Y Treigladau a’u Cystrawen, T. J. Morgan, 1952; the soft mutation is explained as being the result of the name’s frequent occurrence in speech after the prepositions i (= to) and o (= from), and the soft-mutated form came to be regarded as the radical form

Treforus / Treforis > Dreforis, i Dreforis (= to Treforus), o Dreforis (= from Treforus)

(The spelling with i to represent the local pronunciation removes any ambiguity, since althought i and u are both pronounced as i in the south, in the north they are still two separate vowels with different pronunciations)

NOTE: Also spelt Treforys. This is the spelling of the Welsh name of the Ordnance Survey map.

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trefwr ‹TREE -vur› masculine noun
PLURAL trefwyr ‹TREV-wir›
1 town-dweller, townsman

trefwyr townspeople, townsfolk, town-dwellers
trefwyr Dyffryn Tywi the people of the towns in the valley of the river Tywi

ETYMOLOGY: (tref = town) + (-wr suffix = man)

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Tref y Caerau ‹treev ə KEI rai -e› f
1 reshaping of the name Tre’r Ceiri (Tref y Ceiri) (“(the) trêv or farmstead (of) the giants”) near Llithfaen in Gwynedd.

Y Brython (= the Briton, the Welshman), 1859, pages 428-9
Cilmin Droettu - Yr oedd Cilmin yn cyfaneddu ym mysg ellyllon a gwŷr cyfarwydd... Daeth ryw dro ar ddamwain yn gyfeillgar ag un o'r rhai olaf hyn. Gwyddai y cyfarwydd holl ddirgel gyfrinion anian yn drwyadl oddi gerth un... hysbyswyd ef gan ei frodyr cyfarwydd, fod y cyfryw gyfrin wedi ei ysgrifo ar blagawd teg, gan ryw law heb fod yn eiddo dyn, yng nghudd ger llaw coryn un o binaclau pigfain yr Eifl, a bod yno ellyll cuchiog yn ei wylio... Cilmin, yr hwn ni wybuasai erioed pa beth oedd ofn, a ebrwydd gynnygiodd ei wasanaeth, i wneud cais am y trysor... Ymaith â Chilmin tua Mynydd y Gefeilliaid Mawr (dyma enw arall ar yr Eifl), ac ar ôl brwd deithio am hir amser, daeth o'r diwedd at Nant Gwrtheyrn, yr hwn gwm sydd wedi ei furiaw o gwmpas â wal ddiadlam o greigiau ysgrynyglyd... Ymgripiodd o'r Nant, a dyfod a wnaeth nes y cyrhaeddodd Dre'r Ceiri, neu Dref y Caerau, cadarnle milwraidd ar goryn y big bellaf oddi wrth y môr o'r tri mynydd. Yr oedd pob “ysgafell a chafell a chell” yn y fan, y pryd yr aeth Cilmin yno, yn cael eu cyfaneddu gan ellyllon, a phob un o'r ellyllon yn barod ar yr awgrym lleiaf i ddyfod allan i amddiffyn iawnderau eu prif lywydd, yr hwn a drefai ar gopa'r graig uwch eu penau; a mawr y dinystr a'r direidi a fynych gyflawnid ganddynt ar hyd a lled y wlad... Ger llaw hefyd, yn Moel Carn y Wrach, yr arosai Cawres... ar yr adeg yr oedd Cilmin yn cyflawni ei gampwaith rhyfygus yr oedd y Gawres yn dyfod â llonaid ei ffedog o geryg... gan fwriadu ei gwynias boethi yn nhân ufelfar yr ellyll, a'u taflu wedyn yn do difaol i'r meusydd cyfagos. Pan ganfu hi Cilmin yn dyfod mor ffwdanllyd, dychrynu a wnaeth, a gollwng y geryg i lawr ar lethr y Foel a enwyd, ac y maent yno fyth, a gelwir hwy Barclodaid y Gawres. Ar ôl hyn bu byd chwith rhwng y Gawres, Yr Ellyll a Chilmin.

TRANSLATION: Cilmin Droetu (Cilmin of the black foot). Cilmin lived among elves and men of knowledge - by chance he once became friendly with one of the latter. The man of knowledge knew all the hidden secrets of nature thoroughly except for one... he was informed by his fellow men of knowledge, that this secret was written on a fair parchment, by a hand which was not human, hidden near the peak of one of the tapering pinnacles of the Eifl, and there angry elves watched over it... Cilmin, who had never known the meaning of fear, quickly offered his service, to attempt to obtain the treasure... Off went Cilmin towards Mynydd y Gefeilliaid Mawr (the mountain of the big twins) - that is another name for the Eifl - and after travelling zealously for a long time, he at last came to Nant Gwrthéyrn, which valley is walled around with a wall of sharp rocks which once crossed over there is no return. He crept up from the Nant, and came until he reached Tre'r Ceiri ('hamlet of the giants') or Tref y Caerau ('hamlet of the earthworks / walls'), a military stronghold on the top of the peak of the three mountains furthest from the sea. Each ledge and nook and cranny in the place, when Cilmin went there, was occupied by elves, and each elf was ready at the least indication to come out to defend the rights of their main leader, who lived on the top of the rock above their heads; and great was the destruction and mischief often done by them the length and breadth of the contry... Nearby too, in Moel Carn y Wrach ('bare top of the crag of the witch') there lived a Giantess... at the time Cilmin was carrying out his daring deed the Giantess was coming with her apron full of stones... intendung to make them white hot in the (?unknown word - 'ufelfar') fire of the elves, and throw them afterwards as a destructive covering into the neighbouring fields. When she saw Cilmin coming towards her in such a bustle, she took fright, and dropped the stones down on the slope of the Moel mountain earlier mentioned, and there they are to this day, and they are called Barclodaid y Gawres (the apronful of the giantess). After this things were bad between the Giantess, the Elves and Cilmin.

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) trêv / farmstead / hamlet (of) the walls / earthworks / hillforts”)

(tref = trêv / farmstead / hamlet) + (y = the) + (caerau = walls / earthworks / hillforts, plural of caer).

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Trefycernyw ‹treev-ə-KER-niu›
1 (SO3141) locality in Gwent-in-England, in the English county of Hereford, 9km east of Y Gelligandryll (Powys)

Also: Llan Trefycernyw
English name: Dorstone

ETYMOLOGY: (tref = “trêv”, farmstead) + (y = definite article) + (cernyw = ??)

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Tref-y-clawdd ‹treev ə KLAUDH›
1 See Trefýclo

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Trefyclo / “Trefýclo” ‹tre- və -klo›
1 (SO2872) locality in the district of Maesyfed (county of Powys); original name: Tref-y-clawdd
English name: Knighton
2 a parish at this place

ETYMOLOGY:

..1/ Tref-y-cláwdd “the trêv / farmstead of the dyke” (it is situated on Clawdd Offa (“Offa’s Dyke”), a boundary ditch between Wales and England)

..2/ Tref-y-cláw (loss of a final “dd”, seen in other words in Welsh – e.g. Dewi (= David), in older Welsh Dewydd, Ebwy (river name), in older Welsh Ebwydd

..3/ Trefýclaw accent shift – another example where the accent shifts to the definite article Penýberth (county of Gwynedd) < Pen-y-bérth

..4/ Trefýclo reduction of the diphthong ‹au› > ‹o› in the final syllable, a general characteristic of Welsh (athro = teacher < athraw, croeso = welcome < croesaw)

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Trefynwy ‹tre- vən -ui›
1 Monmouth, town in the borderland at the point where the river Mynwy (Monnow) flows into the river Gwy

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) town (by) (the river) Mynwy”, town on the banks of the Mynwy);

tref / tre in modern Welsh = town; in Old Welsh it was a “trêv” or farmstead

The Welsh name is rather unusual, with tref and the name of a river (or at least tre, the form generally used for centuries, though literary Welsh conserves the historical form with a final f [v] ). That is, if Trefynwy represents Tre Fynwy, rather than Tref Fynwy.

Other instances of tref + river name (though they might be late names)
Trefalun a hall in Wrecsam by Afon Alun / the river Alun
Treorci in the Rhondda valley has (tre) + (Orci – name of a local stream).

(Trecynon by Afon Cynon / the river Cynon in the county of Rhondda Cynon Taf is a nineteenth century coining)

It seems that the English name Monmouth (i.e. “Monnow-mouth”) is a translation of the former Welsh name, Abermynwy.

English 'mouth' is used for places where a river flows into the sea (Teignmouth, Dartmouth, Bournemouth, etc in England) The use of English “mouth” in inland place names, meaning a ‘stream confluence’, is highly unusual, suggesting that the name “Monmouth” is a translation of the fprmer Welsh name.

When inland, the element aber means confluence, and it is followed by the name of the affluent which falls into a larger stream or river.

Aber Mynwy (“(the) confluence (of) (the) Mynwy (river) (and the Gwy river)”).


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Tre-grug ‹tre GRIIG› (feminine noun)
1 division (cwmwd, “kúmmud”) of the cantref (“kántrev”) (medieval administrative unit) of Gwent Is Coed, South-east Wales



(delwedd 7383)

ETYMOLOGY: tref grug “hillock farmstead”, (tref / tre = “trêv”, manor, farmstead) + soft mutation + (crug = hillock).

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Tre-gwyr ‹tre GUIR› (feminine noun)
1 The Welsh name for Gowerton

ETYMOLOGY: (tre = town, -ton) + (Gŵyr = Gower)

As with many late names with tre, no soft mutation follows, though in older Welsh the soft mutation always occurred, as can be seen from the multitude of place names with tre / tref.

Had the soft mutation been present, the name would have been *Tre-ŵyr.

Gŵyr was the name of the old kúmmud here, and “Gowerton” was in the centre of it. Half the kúmmud was the peninsula known as Penrhyn Gŵyr “(the) peninsula (of the kúmmud of) Gŵyr”, in English, “The Gower Peninsula”, or simply “The Gower”.

Gowerton was the name of the railway station. Probably rather than a historical reference to the kúmmud, “Gower” was used in the sense of the peninsula, and the station was to be the gateway to the Gower coast.

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Trehafod ‹tree- HAA-vod›
1 Village ST0491 on the banks of the west bank of the river Rhondda south of Y Porth and north of Pont-y-pridd.

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/638535 map

ETYMOLOGY: “hafod town / village / place” (tre < tref = “trêv”, but used in nineteenth-century names as ‘town’, a group of dwellings near a works or mine) + (Hafod)

On the 1847 Tithe Apportionment Map in the area where Trehafod stands today there were three farms called Hafod - Hafod Uchaf (= upper), Hafod Genol (= middle) and Hafod Fawr (= great)

Hafod (qv) = summer place, summer pasture, summer farm, summer farmhouse

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Trehwbwb ‹tree- hu -bub›
1 In Llwyneliddon / St. Lythans ST1172 (county of Bro Morgannwg) there is Trehwbwb (tre = village), which in 1762 was Tir Wbwb (the loss of h is typical of south-eastern Welsh)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/373477 Llwyneliddon map

ETYMOLOGY: “tre hwbwb” < “tir hwbwb” (= disputed land)
(tir = land) + (hwbwb = hubbub, dispute)

Welsh hwbwb < English hubbub, probably from an Irish word.

In Scottish (Gaelic) there is ubub!, an expression of contempt

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treiddio ‹TREIDH yo› (verb)
1 penetrate

2 didraidd opaque
(di-, negative prefix) + soft mutation + (traidd, root of treiddio = penetrate)

lliw didraidd opaque colour
gwydr didraidd opaque glass

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treigl ‹TREI gil› masculine noun

1 rolling

trac treigl caterpillar track, caterpillar tread (“track (of) rolling”)

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treiglo ‹TREI glo› (verb)
1 (Welsh grammar) mutate a consonant

2 roll
Carreg a dreigla ni fwsogla A rolling stone gathers no moss, somebody who moves from place to place will have few possessions or responsibilities ("(it is) (a) stone which rolls, (it) does not gather moss")

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..1 treio ‹TREI o, TRI o› (verb)
1 ebb

2 Mae bywyd y claf yn treio The patient’s life is ebbing away

ETYMOLOGY: (trei- < trai = ebb tide) + (-o verb suffix)

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..2 treio ‹TREI o, TRI o› (verb)
1 try

ETYMOLOGY: (trei- < English to try) + (-o verb suffix)
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treisiad ‹ trei-shad › feminine noun
PLURAL treisiedi, treisiaid ‹ trei-shê-di, trei-shed›
South Wales
1 heifer

NOTE: col.loquial forms: trisiad (= trishad), trisad, treisiad (= treishad), treisad
South-east: trisheti < tresiedi (plural)
Godre Ceredigion treisien (= treishen)

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

treisiad ‹ trei-shad › masculine noun
PLURAL treisiadau ‹ treis-yâ-de›
1 violence, attack
2 rape
treisiad merch rape of a girl


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treisio ‹TREI sho› (verb)
1 rape, violate

2 vanquish, overcome, conquer, oppress, subjugate

treisio gwlad dan eich troed subjugate and trample under foot a country (“vanquish a country under you feet”)

Os treisiodd y gelyn fy ngwlad dan ei draed
Mae heniaith y Cymry mor fyw ag erioed

(Welsh national anthem) If the enemy subjugated my country under his feet
The old language of the Welsh people is as alive as ever

3 pwylldreisio brainwash
(pwylldreis- stem of pwylldreisio = to brainwash) + (-i-o verb-forming suffix)

(pwyll = mind) + soft mutation + (trais = violence, rape)

pwylldreisiad brainwashing = an application of methods to make someone believe that what is not true is true
(pwylldreis- stem of pwylldreisio = to brainwash) (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)

eich treisio’ch hun yn ormod o lawr work far too much (“to subjugate yourself far too much”)

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Trelew (Tre-lew) ‹tre-leu› feminine noun
1 locality in Dyffryn Camwy, Patagonia

2 Trelew tre lwyd, digon o faw a dim bwyd local saying - “Trelew (a) grey town, plenty of mud and no food” (Y Cymro 28 10 2000)

ETYMOLOGY: “town (of) Llew” (tre = town) + soft mutation + (Llew). Named after one of the first pioneers, Lewis Jones (1836-1904).

The name Lewis, of Norman origin, is a old-established replacement for the native name Llywelyn, of which a variant is Llewelyn – that is, ‹e› in the first syllable instead of ‹ə›, the neutral vowel.

The short form from this variant is Llew, which (coincidentally) is the same word as “lion”.

Llew was used in Cymricised names for Lewis as in the case of

(1) Lewis Davies Jones (1851-1928) (Llew Tegid), a folk-song collector and lyric-writer for folk tunes who came from Y Bala (hence ‘Tegid’, since the town is situated by the lake known as Llyn Tegid); and

(2) Lewis William Lewis (1831-1901) (Llew Llwyfo) a poet and novelist from Pen-sarn, Llanwenllwyfo, county of Ynys Môn.

NOTE: If the name Trelew were to be spelt in accordance with present place-name spelling rules, it would be Tre-lew (an accented monosyllable at the end of a name is preceded by a hyphen).

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Trellewelyn [tre-lhə-WEE-lin] [trɛɬəˡweˑlɪn]

1 an administrative and electoral ward in Y Rhyl (Conwy) (spelt as “Trellewellyn). Also a road here “Trellewelyn Road” (in this street name it is spelt correctly, with one ‘l’, unlike the name of the ward), which in Welsh would be Ffordd Trellewelyn, and “Trellewelyn Close”, which in Welsh would be Clōs Trellewelyn.

ETYMOLOGY: tre Llewelyn “(the) town (of) Llewelyn ” (tre = town) + (Llewelyn)
No details to hand of its origin, but it must be a recent name as there is no soft mutation of Llewelyn after tre (“Trelewelyn” would be expected).

Llewelyn is Llywelyn in standard Welsh.

See SOFT MUTATION, listed as an entry in the ‘S’ section of this dictionary,

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trem ‹TREM› (f)
PLURAL tremion, tremiau

1 view
Common in the names of houses and streets

Tremarfon (view of Arfon), street name in Llan-rŵst

2 look, gaze, of one’s eyes

trem eich llygaid the look in one's eyes

a thipyn o ofn yn nhrem ei lygaid and a bit of fear in his eyes (“in the look of his eyes”)

3 viewpoint
Tremion (1990s) title of a comment column in the weekly Y Cymro

ETYMOLOGY: trem < drem < British < Celtic, from the root *derk (= to see), from which drych (= mirror) , edrych (= to look)

Breton has dremm (= face; look, aspect; surface)

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Tremafon ‹trem â-von›
1 “view (of the) river”, river view
..1/ house name
..2/ street name
..a) Yr Wyddgrug, county of Y Fflint (“Trem Afon”)
..b) Penparcau, Aberystwyth, county of Ceredigion (“Tremafon”)

ETYMOLOGY: “trem yr afon” (trem = view) + (yr = definite article) + (afon = river). The linking definite article is often omitted in place names

NOTE: Less correctly with the elements separated Trem Afon

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Tremarfon ‹trem-AR-von›
1 “view (of the district of) Arfon”

Street name in Llan-rŵst

(trem = view) + (Arfon = district name).
:_______________________________.

Tremangell ‹trem- a -nghelh›
1 street name in Aberangell (SH8410) in the district of Meirionnydd (county of Gwynedd) (the name is spelt as one word “Tremangell”)

ETYMOLOGY: “trem + Angell” “(the) view (of the river) Angell
(trem = view) + (Angell = river name).

:_______________________________.

Tremffrancon ‹trem frang -kon›
1 name of a street in Bangor (in the county of Gwynedd)

ETYMOLOGY: (“view (of) (Nant) Ffrancon”) (trem = view) + (Ffrancon)
(Nant Ffrancon SH6363 - part of the valley of the Ogwen between Bethesda and Llyn Ogwen)

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tremle, tremleoedd ‹TREM le, trem LEE oidh -odh› (masculine noun)
1 view, lookout place

2 Tremle Locality SN4435 south of Pencader (Caerfyrddin)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/860931

ETYMOLOGY: (trem = view) + soft mutation + (lle = place)
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Tremorfa ‹tre- mor -va›
1 a district of Caer-dydd

ETYMOLOGY: A twentieth-century coining: tre’r morfa “(the) town (of) the sea-fen”
(tre = town) + (’r definite article) + (morfa = sea-fen)

The linking definite article is often omitted in place names: tre’r… > tre…

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Trem-y-don ‹trem ə don›
1 “view (of) the sea”, sea view
..1/ house name

..2/ street name
....a) Llysfaen, Baecolwyn (SH8678), county of Dinbych
....b) Y Barri, county of Bro Morgannwg

ETYMOLOGY: (trem = view) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (ton = wave, sea)
NOTE: Less correctly, as a habitative name, with the elements separated Trem y Don

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Tremyforyd ‹trem-ə-VOO-rid›
1 “view (of) Y Foryd”
Street name in Baecinmel (county of Dinbych) (“Trem y Foryd”)

ETYMOLOGY: (trem = view) + (Y Foryd).
Moryd means ‘estuary’.
Y Foryd (SH9980) is the place between Abergele (county of Conwy) and Y Rhyl (county of Dinbych) where the river Clwyd flows into the sea

NOTE: Less correctly, as a habitative name, with the elements separated Trem y Foryd

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Tremygardden ‹trem ə gar-dhen›
1 “(the) view (of) Y Gardden”
A street name in Pen-y-cae (county of Wrecsam) (spelt with the elements separated “Trem y Gardden “)

ETYMOLOGY: (trem = view) + (Y Gardden = the fort < cardden).
NOTE: Less correctly, as a habitative name, Trem y Gardden with the elements separated.

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Tremymoelwyn ‹trem-ər-MOIL-win›

1 Street name
Penrhyndeudraeth, county of Gwynedd (“Trem y Moelwyn”)
Llan Ffestiniog county of Gwynedd (“Trem y Moelwyn”)
Tanygrisiau, county of Gwynedd (“Trem y Moelwyn”)

ETYMOLOGY: “view of Y Moelwyn”, Moelwyn view (trem = view) + (Y Moelwyn = name of a mountain, literally ‘the bare white (hill)’)


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Trem-y-môr ‹trem ə moor ›
1 “view of the sea”, sea view
..1/ house name
Gilfachreda, Y Ceinewydd, Ceredigion (“Trem y Môr”)
Y Sarn-bach, Aber-soch, Gwynedd (“Trem-Y-Môr”)
Llanberis, Conwy (“Trem y Môr”)
Llanfair, Harlech (“Trem y Môr”)

..2/ a street name in a number of places
....a) Abergele, county of Dinbych
....b) Aber-gwaun, county of Penfro
....c) Bracla, county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
....d) Llanmorlais, county of Abertawe
....e) Rhosneigr, county of Môn
....f) Tyn-y-gongl, county of Môn

ETYMOLOGY: (trem = view) + (y = definite article) + (môr = sea)

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Tremymynydd ‹trem ə mə -nidh›
1 “view of the mountain”, mountain view
..1/ house name

..2/ a street name in a number of places
....a) Abergele, county of Dinbych
....b) Mwynglawdd, county of Wrecsam
....c) Treherbert, county of Rhondda Cynon Taf

ETYMOLOGY: (trem = view) + (y = definite article) + (mynydd = mountain)

NOTE: Less correctly with the elements separated Trem y Mynydd

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Trem-y-nant ‹trem ə nant ›
1 house name
2 a street name in a number of places

....a) Bangor, county of Gwynedd (as “Trem y Nant”)
....b) Coed-y-glyn, county of Wrecsam
....c) Pentrebrychdyn, county of Wrecsam

ETYMOLOGY: “view of the stream / brook ”, stream view, brook view (trem = view) + (y = definite article) + (nant = stream, brook)
NOTE: Less correctly with the elements separated Trem y Nant

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Tremyrafon ‹trem-ər-AA-von›
1 “view (of) the river”, river view
..1/ house name

..2/ a street name in
....a) Baecinmel, Y Rhyl, county of Y Fflint
....b) Cyffordd Llanddudno, county of Conwy

ETYMOLOGY: (trem = view) + (yr = definite article) + (afon = river)
NOTE: Less correctly with the elements separated Trem yr Afon

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Tremyteifi ‹trem ə tei -vi›
1 Tremyteifi / Trem y Teifi (“view (of) the (river) Teifi”) street name in Llandysul, county of Ceredigion

Although the use of the definite article before a river name occurs colloquially, it is considered to be incorrect Welsh - Tremteifi / Trem Teifi would be a more standard form

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Tremyrwyddfa ‹trem-ər-UIDH-va›

1 “view of Yr Wyddfa ”, Snowdon view

..1/ house name

..2/ a street name in
....a) Penrhyndeudraeth, county of Gwynedd
....b) Pen-y-groes, county of Gwynedd

ETYMOLOGY: (trem = view) + (Yr Wyddfa = name of a mountain, literally ‘the tumulus’)

NOTE: Less correctly with the elements separated Trem yr Wyddfa

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trên, trenau ‹TREEN, TREE ne› (masculine noun)
1 train
trên wedi rhedeg yn rhydd a runaway train (= ‘train after running free’)
trên teithwyr passenger train

2 gorsaf drenau train station, railway station (USA: depot)

trên cyflym express train (‘fast train’)

trên araf stopping train (‘slow train’)

trên gwibdaith excursion train (’rapid-trip train’)

trên nwyddau goods train

trên teithwyr passenger train
trên ychwanegol relief train

esgyn i’r trên get into the train (‘ascend to the train’)

disgyn o’r trên get off the train (‘descend from the train’)

mynd i’r trên get into the train (‘go to the train’)

mynd o’r trên get off the train (‘go from the train’)

mynd ar y trên go by train (‘go on the train’)

mynd gyda’r y trên go by train (‘go with the train’)

trên llusgo pull-along train (‘train (of) dragging’) = toy train pulled along on a string

taith drên, PLURAL teithiau trên train journey, train ride

nodwr trenau trainspotter (‘noter (of) trains’)

trên milwyr troop train = train transporting soldiers

gwasanaeth trenau train service

trên cyflymder mawr high-speed train (‘great speed train’)

trên dau gerbyd two-carriage train

set trên model model train set

gorsaf drenau, PLURAL gorsafoedd trenau train station, railway station

tocyn trên train ticket

damwain drên, PLURAL damweiniau trên train accident, train crash

NOTE: trên is a feminine noun in some districts or for some speakers – y drên, trên gyflym, etc
:_______________________________.

trengi ‹TRE ngi› (verb)
1 to die (usually of animals)

anifeiliaid yn trengi o eisiau dw^r animals dying for want of water

trengodd y tarw y diwrnod wedyn the bull died the next day
Trengodd y Wyddeleg mewn rhan fawr o’r ynys The Irish language died in a great part of the island

2 bod ar fin trengi have one foot in the grave (“be on the point of dying”)

:_______________________________.

Treoda ‹tre-ô-da›
1 According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911), “An ancient messuage in the village of Whitchurch, immediately north of the remains of Whitchurch Castle”

Gwaun Treoda a common in Yr Eglwysnewydd / Whitchurch (locally as Waun Troda)

Gwauntreoda ST 161 796 name of a farmhouse here; name of a district of Yr Eglwysnewydd / Whitchurch (locally as Wauntroda)

(habitative names are (in theory) written as a single word)

2 farm in Dyffryn, Bro Morgannwg

ETYMOLOGY: (tre = trêv, farmtown) + (Oda name)

:_______________________________.

Treosbon ‹tre-O-spon ›
1 Welsh name of Osbaston, Shropshire (near y Cnycyn / Knockin)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=290162

:_______________________________.

Trerannell ‹tre- ra -nelh›
1 Locality in Pen-y-bont at Ogwr by the river Llynfi between Pen-y-fai and Pen-y-cae. The name has been translated into English at some point as Angelton, through believing the name to be a form of “Tre’r angel” (“(the) trêv (of) the angel”). Welsh initial Tre- was often translated as a final element -ton in English.

There is apparently an ‘Angelton Road’ here (not marked on street guides) which would be Heol Trerannell in Welsh.

There are buildings called “Angelton Cottages” (which would be Tai Trerannell)

and in Pen-y-fai a street called “Angelton Green” (translated into Welsh, this would be Tontrerannell

ETYMOLOGY: Trerannell = Tre’r’annell < Trear’annell < Treariannell “(the) trêv (by the) Arianell (stream)” (tre + Ariannell).

The name of the stream is (ariann- < arian = silver) + (-ell suffix found in certain stream or river names)

NOTE: See Ariannell

:_______________________________.

Tre’r Cofis ‹treer ko -vis›
1 nickname for Caernarfon (Gwynedd)

ETYMOLOGY: (= town of the ‘coves’). A cofi is an inhabitant of Caernarfon, from English cove (= fellow, bloke, chap) with the addition of the Welsh diminutive suffix -i ;
ultimately from a Romany word = man

:_______________________________.

Tre’r-ddôl ‹treer- dhool›
1 (SN 6592) locality in the county of Ceredigion

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) trêv (of) the river meadow” (tref = “trêv”, farmstead) + (yr definite article) + soft mutation + (dôl = meadow within the bend of a river)

:_______________________________.

Tre’r Delyn / Trerdelyn ‹treer de-lin›
1 house in the parish of Pencraig, county of Powys. English name: Harpton Court. Here the historian John Lewis (1548?-1616?) was born, the author of the text in English “The History of Great Britain... til the Death of Cadwaladr” (first published over a century after his death, in 1729)

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) trêv (of) the harp”
(tref = “trêv”, farmstead) + (yr definite article) + soft mutation + (telyn = harp)
:_______________________________.

Tre’r-llan ‹treer- lhAn›
1 part of the village of Llandrillo (county of Dinbych)

2 part of the village of Cilcain (county of Dinbych)

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) trêv (of) the church”

(tref = “trêv”, farmstead) + (yr definite article) + (llan = stone monastic cell, church, parish church)

:_______________________________.

Tre’r-maen ‹treer- mAen›
1 NY5966 Triermain, farm in Cumbria

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) trêv (of) the stone”

(tref = “trêv”, farmstead) + (yr definite article) + (maen = stone)
:_______________________________.

Tre-rys ‹tre-RIIS›
1 SO5220 Trereece, Herefordshire

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/115357

:_______________________________.

tres ‹ trees › feminine or masculine noun
PLURAL tresi, tresau ‹ tre -si, -sa›

1 trace = one of a pair of leather straps, originally ropes or chains, connecting the collar of a draught animal to the vehicle it pulls

2 something resembling a trace
tres o wymon strand of seaweed

3 cicio dros y tresi to kick over the traces, to rebel, to defy convention or restraints
A horse could sometimes get its leg over one of the traces attempting to get out of its harness, which was dangerous for the person working with the horse as it was able to kick out more freely.

3 tresi aur (Laburnum anagyroides ) (“chains of gold”) laburnum, golden chain

ETYMOLOGY: tres (= pulling strap in a harness) is from English trace, a singularisation of the French plural form traits (=pulling straps) < trait (= pulling strap) < Latin tractus (=n pulling) < trahere (= to pull)
NOTE: South-west trasen / y drasen, plural trasys

:_______________________________.

Tresaeson ‹tre-SEI-son›
1 SO3311 a farm north of Penpergwm, county of Mynwy / Monmouthshire

On the map as Tresaison

The spelling may represent a local pronunciation of Saeson

In south-east Wales, [ei] in a penultimate syllable seems often to have been [ai] as well as the more usual [i·]

(cf Blaina < Blaenau, Haulwen < Heulwen, etc)

2 Place in Tegryn SN2333, Sir Benfro / Pembrokeshire

The same name occurs in Cornwall SW7489 near Aled / (English form: Allet), north-west of Truru / (English form: Truro):

Tresowson / (English form: Tresawsen)

ETYMOLOGY: tre’r Saeson, with the loss of the linking definite article, a common feature in place names > tre Saeson

“(the) trêv or farmstead (of) the English people”

(tre = trêv, farmstead) + (’r = definite article) + (Saeson = Englishmen, English people, plural of Sais = Englishman)
:_______________________________.

treth ‹TREETH› feminine noun
PLURAL trethi ‹TREE-thi›
1 tax = money demanded from citizens or entities by an administration to pay for public infrastructures and services, as a proportion of the value of an income, property, or a sale
y dreth the tax

2 tax = burden, hard effort, difficult task

3 ad-daliad treth tax rebate

4 blwyddyn drethi, PLURAL blynyddoedd trethi = tax year

5 casglu trethi tax collecting

6 codi treth (ar rywun) tax (somebody) (“raise a tax on...”)

7 codi trethi (ar rywbeth) tax (something) (“raise taxes on...”)

8 di-dreth tax-free, free of tax, tax-exempt, exempt from tax

9 hafan rhàg trethi (“haven in front of taxes”) tax haven

10 twyllwr trethi tax dodger, person who (legally but often questionably) avoids paying taxes which he / she is obliged to pay

11 efadwr trethi tax evader, person who finds illegal ways of not paying taxes
efadu trethi tax evasion

12 osgöwr trethi tax avoider, person who finds legal ways of reducing his / her tax liabilities
osgói trethi tax avoidance

13 eithrio (rhywun) rhàg talu trethi grant a tax exemption to (somebody), exempt (somebody) from paying taxes

:_______________________________.

trethadwy ‹tre- THAA-dui› adjective
1 taxable; subject to tax

2 incwm trethadwy taxable income

3 anhrethadwy tax deductible

ETYMOLOGY: (treth- stem of trethu = to tax) + (-adwy suffix)

:_______________________________.

treth ar gyfoeth ‹treeth ar gə-voith› feminine noun
1 wealth tax

ETYMOLOGY: “tax on wealth” (treth = tax) + (ar = on) + soft mutation + (cyfoeth = wealth, riches)

:_______________________________.

treth ar werth ‹treeth ar werth› feminine noun
1 (also = TAW ‹tau›) Value Added Tax, VAT

ETYMOLOGY: “tax on wealth” (treth = tax) + (ar = on) + soft mutation + (gwerth = value)

:_______________________________.

treth bwrcas ‹treeth bwr-kas› feminine noun
1 purchase tax

ETYMOLOGY: “tax (of) purchase” (treth = tax) + soft mutation + (pwrcas = purchase)

:_______________________________.

trethdalwr ‹treth-da -lur› masculine noun
PLURAL trethdalwyr ‹treth-dal -wir›
1 taxpayer

ETYMOLOGY: (treth = tax) + soft mutation + (talwr = payer, person who pays)

:_______________________________.

treth fewnforio ‹treeth veun-vor-yo› feminine noun
PLURAL trethi mewnforio ‹trê -thi meun-vor-yo›
1 import tax

ETYMOLOGY: (treth = tax) + soft mutation + (mewnforio = to import)

:_______________________________.

treth gynyddol ‹treeth gə-nə -dhol› feminine noun
PLURAL trethi cynyddol ‹trê -thi kə-nə-dhol›
1 progressive tax

:_______________________________.

trethiant ‹treth yant› masculine noun
1 taxation

:_______________________________.

treth incwm ‹treeth ing-kum› feminine noun
1 income tax

gwrthod talu’r dreth incwm / gwrthod talu treth incwm refuse to pay income tax

codi treth incwm ar rywun charge somebody income tax
2 datganiad treth incwm income tax return
3 ffurflen dreth incwm income-tax return form; short form: ffurflen dreth

:_______________________________.

trethu ‹trê -thi› verb
1 to tax = impose a tax, place an obligation on sb to pay a tax
2 to tax = make objects of taxation (income, property, sales, etc)
3 to tax = place a burden on; trethu eich amynedd try / tax somebody’s patience,

ETYMOLOGY: (treth = tax) + (-u = suffix for forming a verb)

:_______________________________.

treth y pen ‹treeth ə pen› feminine noun
1 poll tax, head money = tax of so much per person

:_______________________________.

Tretomas ‹tree-to -mas› feminine noun
ST1888
1 locality in Cwm Rhymni (Morgannwg Ganol), by the village of Bedwas (In English, the spelling Trethomas is used)

ETYMOLOGY: (the) town (of) Tomas
(tre, colloquial form of tref = town; industrial village) + (Tomas = Thomas).
From W. J. Thomas, a coalowner

:_______________________________.

Tre-twr ‹tree-tuur› feminine noun SO1821
1 locality in the county of Powys (Brycheiniog)

ETYMOLOGY: (the) trêv (of) the tower ‹tref + yr + twr›

:_______________________________.

Treuddyn ‹trei -dhin› feminine noun
1 locality SJ2558 in the county of Y Fflint


ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Treuddyn < Trefddyn “fortified trêv”
(tref) + soft mutation + (dynn = fort)

NOTE: Locally the name is pronounced Tryddyn ‹trə-dhin›

:_______________________________.

treuliedig ‹treil- yee -dig› adj;;)
1 worn, worn out

2 threadbare, tatty

3 trite, hackneyed

4 eroded

5 anhreuliedig indigestible; undigested; imperishable; unspent

ETYMOLOGY: (treuli- stem of treulio = to spend) + (-edig suffix for forming a past participle adjective)

:_______________________________.

treuliad ‹treil -yad› masculine noun
1 digestion
diffyg treuliad = indigestion

:_______________________________.

treuliau ‹treil -ye›
plural noun
1 expenses
plural form of traul

:_______________________________.

treulio ‹treil -yo›
verb with an object
1 (time) spend;

Treuliodd beth amser yn Iwerddon
He spent some time in Ireland

2 wear out;
Mae wedi treulio ei sgidiau
He’s worn out his shoes

3 (food) digest

verb without an object
4 wear, become worn, wear out; waste or be damaged by use, time, exposure;
Mae’r carped yn dechrau treulio
The carpet’s showing signs of wear

5 Geologia hindreulio (rock) weather, become weathered, become weatherworn, get worn away

ETYMOLOGY: (traul = wear, erosion) + (-io, suffix for forming verbs)
Third person singular, present tense (= will spend, etc) : (literary form) treulia, (colloquial form) treuliff

In South Wales, the usual form of the verb is treulo (the loss of the i at the beginning of the final consonant (io > o) is usual in the South); and also tr’ulo.

:_______________________________.

treuliol ‹treil yol› adjective
1 digestive; problemau treuliol = digestive problems
2 abrasive

:_______________________________.

treulydd ‹trei -lidh›› masculine noun
PLURAL treulyddion ‹trei-lədh -yon›
1 abrasive = material such as sandpaper

:_______________________________.

trewais ‹treu -es› verb
1 I hit (past tense)
See taro

:_______________________________.

Trewalchmai ‹tre- walkh -mai›
SH3975
1 parish in the county of Ynys Môn (North Wales)

ETYMOLOGY: (the) trêv (of) Gwalchmai
(tref) + soft mutation + (Gwalchmai = man’s name)

:_______________________________.

Trewiliam ‹tre- WIL-yam›
1 village in Rhondda Cynon taf (South Wales)

ETYMOLOGY: translation (or coeval coining of the name for the new settlement) of the English name Williamstown.

In the village there is ‘Heol Trewilliam’, which more correctly would be ‘Heol Trewiliam’.

(the) town (of) William / Williams
(tref) + (Wiliam = William)

From wikipedia (06-06-2016): Much of the land in the Rhondda, once controlled by individual farmers, had been bought up by wealthy absentee landlords by the start of the 19th century. The land which would become Williamstown was bought by Walter Coffin, the pioneer of coal mining in the Rhondda, around the 1850s. In 1867 this land was inherited by the Williams family, through their father, a cousin of Coffin. The Williams family gave their name to the town that was built on their land and among the trustees of the family was Caroline Elizabeth Williams, Arthur John Williams [(M.P.)] and Morgan Bransby Williams.

The spelling Trewilliam (with double ‘l’) is seen here:

Yna, mae brawd dieithr i'r gynulleidfa yn codi yn y pulpud, ac yn gweddio, Pwy ydyw? Y Parch. Martin Anstey, M.A., B.D., Dewsbury, Yorkshire. Cyfarfuom a'r brawd anwyl hwn gartref yn Nghwm Rhondda, pan nad oedd y Diwygiad ond ychydig wythnosau oed. Cydnabyddodd yn un o gyfarfodydd Mr. Roberts nad oedd wedi gweled yr un yn dychwelyd at Grist yn ystod y flwyddyn flaenorol, ac iddo dd'od i Gymru gyda'r amcan o gael ei lenwi a'r Ysbryd Glan. Cafodd yr hyn a ddymunai mewn cyfarfod gynhaliwyd yn Nhrewilliam, a chyfeiria at ddydd Iau, Rhag. 22, 1904 fel yr adeg y bedyddiwyd a’r Ysbryd Glan, ac a thân. … Y Goleuad / 01-12-1905

Then an brother unknown to the congregationwent up into the pulpit, and cried out Who am I? The Reverend. Martin Anstey, M.A., B.D., Dewsbury, Yorkshire. We met with the dear brother at home in the Rhondda Valley, when the Revival was but a few weeks old. He acknowledged in one of the meetings of Mr. Roberts that he had not seen the same returning to Christ during the previous year, and he had come to Wales with the aim of being filled with the Holy Ghost. He got what he wished for in a meeting that took place in Trewilliam wished, and refers to Thursday, Dec. 22, 1904 as the time he was baptised with the Holy Ghost and with fire... The Goleuad / 01-12-1905
http://newspapers.library.wales/view/3225207/3225213

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Tre-wern ‹tre wern›
1 SO2257 locality in the district of Maesyfed in the county of Powys

2 its parish

3 SJ2811 locality in the district of Trefaldwyn in the county of Powys

4 its parish

5 locality in Croesoswallt (England)

ETYMOLOGY: (the) trêv (of) the swamp / the alder grove
(tref = farm) + soft mutation + (gwern = alder swamp, wet ground)

:_______________________________.

Tréwyddfa ‹tre-UIDH -va›
1 SS6697 locality in the county of Abertawe / Swansea

ETYMOLOGY: (the) trêv (of) the burial moind
tref yr wyddfa (tref = trêv, farm) + soft mutation + (gwern = alder swamp, wet ground)

:_______________________________.

Tréwyn ‹tRe -win›
1 SO3222 village in the county of Mynwy
English name: Wynston

ETYMOLOGY: from the family surname ‘Wyn / Wynne’, originally an epithet Wyn (= white-haired), < gwyn (= white, white-haired)

NOTE: Although the form Tre-wyn would be expected, with the accent on the final syllable, the accent has shifted to the first syllable.

(To indicate that Trewyn is not a misspelling of Tre-wyn, we have placed an accent on the element with unusual stress. Other examples of shifted stress this in place names are... (Note: the acute accent is not standard usage)

..1/ Abérffraw on the island of Môn (*Aber-ffraw would be the expected form),

..2/ Nántmel (*Nant-mêl) in Powys, etc)

..3/ Penýberth (*Pen-y-berth) in the Llyn peninsula

..4/ Trefýclo (also Tref-y-clawdd) in Powys on the border with England,

..5/ Y Gáerwen (*Y Gaer-wen) , county of Ynys Môn

:_______________________________.

tri ‹TRII› (masculine noun)
1 three (feminine form: tair)

:_______________________________.

triagl ‹TRII -ag› masculine noun
1 treacle = dark syrup from the sugar refining process (also: triagl du) (du = black)

2 treacle = this substance formerly used as an antidote against bites and poisons

ETYMOLOGY: English 1400- < French triacle (this word does not occur in modern French) < Latin thêriaca (= antidote) < Greek thêriakê (antidosis) = (antidote to the bite of an animal) < thêrion (= wild animal)
NOTE: Variants:
(1) triag (district of Maldwyn, in the county of Powys)
(2) trieg North Wales,
(3) triog

In spoken Welsh, a final l after b / d / g is omitted
Other examples are:
..1/ posib (posibl = possible),
..2/ danad (danadl = nettles),
..3/ peryg (perygl = danger).
See ‘l’ for more examples.

:_______________________________.

triagl du ‹tri ag DII› (masculine noun)
1 molasses

:_______________________________.

triagl melyn ‹tri ag ME lin›
1 golden syrup

:_______________________________.

triawd, triawdau ‹TRI aud, tri AU de› (masculine noun)
1 trio

:_______________________________.

triban ‹trî-ban› masculine noun
PLURAL tribannau ‹tri-ba-ne›
1 (poetry) triplet
2 a design with three peaks, the symbol of the Welsh autonomy party, Plaid Cymru

ETYMOLOGY: (tri = three) + (ban = line of poetry) / (ban = peak)

:_______________________________.

Tri Chof Ynys Prydain ‹trii khoov ə-nis prə-den› -
1 the three lores which the bards preserved and fostered – these three lores were (1) the history of the island of Britain, (2) the British language, and (3) genealogy

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) three memories / lores (of) (the) island (of) Britain”
(tri = three) + spirant mutation + (cof = memory) + (Ynys Prydain = island (of) Britain)

:_______________________________.

Y Tridwr [ə ˡtri·dʊr] (nm) apparently a short name for Abertridwr (confluence of the three
streams) (Y Darian 29-06-1916)

(delwedd 5615)

Y Darian. 20 Ebrill 1916. “Cefn Onn”. Mae'r golygfeydd yn amrywiol o'r fangre hon, ac yn ddiddorol iawn. Gellir canfod trigle eich gohebydd, “Dewi Aur." Yr oeddem flynyddau yn ol yn lled gyfarwydd ag ef. Y mae wedi treulio llawer o'i hamser ynghymdog aeth can a llen, ac wedi bod yn eisteddfodwr pybyr. Da gennym ei fod yn parhau mor selog dros gadwraeth ein hen iaith annwyl, ac nad yw'r awen wedi distewi yn hollol, a'i fod yn anfon ambell i bishin pedair lein (sef yr enw sydd gan “Dafydd y Crydd" ar englyn) pan yn gohebu i'r "Darian." Ond paham y geilw Dewi y lle "Y Tridwr” yn hytrach na rhoi iddo i hen enw, “Abertridwr." I'm tyb i mae hwn yn swnio yn fwy barddonol. Trueni mawr yw gadael i'r hen enwau fyned ar goll. Ni fydd pobl yr oes nesaf yn gwybod dim am danynt. Mae Cwm yr Aber yn gyfoethog mewn hen enwau swynol y dylid gwneud pob ymdrech i'w cadw mewn cof. Ceir yma y “Gwlaw-nant," “Beidy'r Wch," “Garth," "Craig yr Hufen”, etc. Clywais...

(But why does Dewi call the place “Y Tridwr” insteazd of giving it its old name, “Abertridwr”. To my mind it sounds more poetic. It’s a shame to let the old names disappear. People in years to come (“in the next age”) will know nothing of therm.)

____________________________.

tridyn ‹ trii-din › m
1 three people

2 nid cyfrinach ond rhwng dau, rhwng tridyn, cannyn a’i clyw tell a secret to more than one person and it becomes everybody’s secret (“‹it is› not a secret except between two; between three people, one hundred people will hear it”)

Rhin deuddyn, cyfrin yw; rhin tridyn, cannyn a’i clyw You can keep a secret between two people, but you can’t keep a secret between three people; A secret between two people remains a scret – but between three the whole world will hear of it “(a) secret (of) two people, (it-is) (a) secret that-it-is; (a) secret (of) three people, one hundred people will hear it”)

ETYMOLOGY: (tri = three) + (dyn = person)
:_______________________________.

trigain ‹TRI gen› (masculine noun)
1 sixty (‘three twenties’)

:_______________________________.

trigfa ‹ trig -va› [ˡtrɪgva] feminine noun
PLURAL trigféydd, trigfaon ‹ trig- VEIDH, trig-VAA-on› [trɪgˡvəið, trɪgˡvaˑɔn]
1 dwelling place, abode

2 Trigfa house name
Trigfa street name in Moelfre (Ynys Môn)

ETYMOLOGY: (trig-, stem of trigo = live, inhabit) + (-fa, suffix = place)

:_______________________________.

trigfan ‹TRIG-van› [ˡtrɪgvan] feminine noun
PLURAL trigfannau ‹trig-VA-nai, -ne› &[trɪgˡvəið, trɪgˡvanaɪ -nɛ]
1 dwelling place, abode

Ioan 14:2 Yn nhŷ fy Nhad y mae llawer o drigfannau
John 14:2 In my Father’s house are many mansions: (i.e. in Heaven there is room for all Christians)

ETYMOLOGY: (trig-, stem of trigo = live, inhabit) + (-fan, suffix = place)

:_______________________________.

trigo ‹TRII-go› [ˡtriˑgɔ] (verb)
1 (in a place) live, inhabit

2 (animal) die

3 from the stem of this verb is the suffix -trig > –drig in literary Welsh

..1/ daeardrig earth-dwelling
(daear = earth) + soft mutation + (trig-, stem of trigo = to inhabit)

..2/ prendrig tree-dwelling
(pren = tree) + soft mutation + (trig-, stem of trigo = to inhabit )

..3/ tywotrig sand-dwelling
(tywod = sand) + soft mutation + (trig-, stem of trigo = to inhabit ) > tywod-drig > tywotrig (d-d > t)

:_______________________________.

trilliw ‹TRI-lhiu› adjective
1 tricolour, three-coloured, of three colours
cath drilliw tabby cat, tortoiseshell cat, cat with black / brown stripes on a grey background
baner drilliw tricolour flag, tricolour

ETYMOLOGY: (tri = three) + (lliw = colour)

:_______________________________.

Trillo ‹TRI-lho›
1 saint’s name

a) Llandrillo a village near Bala

b) Llandrillo (full name: Llandrillo yn Rhos. “(the) Llandrillo (which is in the kántrev of) Rhos”, a suburb of Baecolwyn / Colwyn Bay.

The English name is Rhos on Sea. Rhos was one of the four kántrevs (cantrefi) (Rhos, Tegeingl, Dyffryn Clwyd, Rhufoniog) of the country of Y Berfeddwlad (“the middle country”).)

ETYMOLOGY: Probably a hypochoristic name (TY- = thy, used as a hypochoristic prefix) + soft mutation + (unknown element ?RHILL) + (-O. This final -o is probably the diminutive suffix).

:_______________________________.

trim, trims / trimiau ‹TRIM, TRIMS / TRIM ye› (masculine noun)
1 trimmings, adornment

:_______________________________.

Trimsaran ‹trim SA ran› (feminine noun)
1 place-name

:_______________________________.

1 trin ‹TRIIN› (verb)
1 treat

2 cael trin eich gwallt have a hair-do

:_______________________________.

2 trin ‹TRIIN› (f)

1 battle, conflict, trouble, tribulation
doeth drannoeth y drin wise after the event (“wise the day after the tribulation”)

:_______________________________.

Trinant ‹TRII nant› (feminine noun)
1 place-name: ‘three valleys”

:_______________________________.

trindod ‹TRIN-dod› feminine noun
PLURAL trindodau ‹trin-DOO-dai, -de›
1 trinity = threefoldness, threeness; the state of being triple
y drindod the trinity

2 trinity = three in one; a group of three considered as a unit

3 a trio of gods

4 trinity = the God of orthodox Christians, considered to be made up of three persons - the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost

5 Eglwys y Drindod Sanctaidd Holy Trinity Church, name for a church dedicated to the Holy Trinity
Eglwys y Drindod church in Ystradmynach (county of Caerffili) (Slater’s Guide, 1880)
Eglwysydrindod ST3489 locality in Casnewydd; English name: Christchurch
Coleg y Drindod Trinity College, Llanbedr Pont Steffan; part of the University of Wales

6 Llandrindod (qv) SO0561 a town in the county of Powys. (Llan y Drindod - (the) church (of) the trinity)

7 Sul y Drindod Trinity Sunday, the Sunday after Whit Sunday

8 tymor y Drindod Trinity term, an expression for the summer term in certain educational institutions

9 bwa’r Drindod alternative name for the rainbow (“(the) bow (of) the Trinity”) (normally: enfys)

10 Tŷ’r Drindod Trinity House, an organisation which provides lighthouses and buoys on the coasts of the island of Great Britain

11 Rhodfa’r Drindod (“(the) parade / walk (of) the trinity”)
street in Llandudno (county of Conwy) (“Trinity Avenue” in English)

ETYMOLOGY: trindod < tríndawd < *trin’dáwd < *trinidáwd < British < Latin < trînitât-em < trînitâs; trînus = threefold.
If the syllable had been lost in Latin trinitât- > trin’tât the result in Welsh would have been *trinnawd
In other British languages: Breton treinded (= trinity)

:_______________________________.

triniaeth, triniaethau ‹TRIN yeth, trin YEI the› (feminine noun)
1 treatment
y driniaeth = the treatment

:_______________________________.

triog ‹TRI og› (masculine noun)
1 see: triagl

:_______________________________.

triongl, trionglau ‹TRI o ngəl, tri O ngle› (masculine noun)
1 triangle

:_______________________________.

triongli ‹tri O ngli› (v)
1 trianglulate

piler triongli / pileri triongli triangulation pillar, trig point

:_______________________________.

trip, tripiau ‹TRIP, TRIP ye› (masculine noun)
1 trip, journey

2 trip ysgol Sul ‹trip ə skol SIIL› Sunday-school trip

:_______________________________.

triphlyg ‹tri -flig› (adjective)
1 triple = made up of three parts

2 three-stranded, made up of three strands
edau triphlyg three-stranded thread

3 brechlyn triphlyg triple vaccine
chwarae triphlyg (Baseball) triple play
ffiwg driphlyg (Music) triple fugue
naid driphlyg triple jump
odl driphlyg (Poetry) triple rhyme

Y Cynghrair Triphlyg The Triple Alliance
..(a) England, Sweden, Netherlands against France 1688;
..(b) France, Netherlands, England against Castile 1717;
..(c) Germany, Austro-Hungary, Italy 1882-1914

Y Cytundeb Triphlyg TheTriple Entente (England, France and Russia 1882-1917, as a reaction to the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austro-Hungary, Italy 1882-1914)

Y Goron Driphlyg The Triple Crown

ETYMOLOGY: (tri = three) + spirant mutation + (plyg = fold)

:_______________________________.

Trisant ‹TRI sant› (feminine noun)
1 place-name

:_______________________________.

trist ‹TRIST› (adjective)
1 sad

2 trist gennyf fod... ‹TRIST ge niv vood› (adjective)
it saddens me that... (‘sad with me being...’)

3 â naws drist iddo tinged with sadness (“with a sad nature / touch to it”)

:_______________________________.

tristáu ‹tris TAI› (verb)
1 sadden

:_______________________________.

tristfawr ‹TRIST vaur› (adjective)
1 very sad

:_______________________________.

tristwch ‹TRI stukh› (masculine noun)
1 sadness, gloom
Symudodd o Langurig i Gilfynydd i fyw, a bu tristwch ar ei ôl yn ei hen ardal
He moved from Llangurig to Cilfynydd to live, and there was sadness in his home district after he left

2 taflu i dristwch cast into a gloom

:_______________________________.

triw ‹TRIU› (adjective)
1 true

:_______________________________.

triwant ‹triu-ant› masculine noun
PLURAL triwantiaid ‹triu-ant-yed›
1 truant = schoolchild who doesn’t attend school without any justification for the absence

2 chwarae triwant (USA: play hooky / hookey) (Englandic: play truant)

ETYMOLOGY: English truant, 1300- < French truant < Gaulish.

Modern French truand = crook / gangster / beggar.

Cf Welsh truan = unfortunate person, wretch, from a British word

:_______________________________.

triwantiaeth ‹triu- ant -yeth› feminine noun
1 truancy

Daeth nifer o rieni gerbron llys yn Aber-dâr wrth i’r cyngor lleol weithredu i gael gwared ar driwantiaeth
A number of parents appeared in court in Aber-dâr as the local council attempts to stamp out truancy

ETYMOLOGY: (triwant = truant) + (-i-aeth suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

1 tro, troeon ‹TROO, TROI on› (masculine noun)
1 turn

Daw ei dro i bawb Every dog has his day (“will-come his turn to everyone”)

2 bend, curve

tro sydyn a tight curve, a tight bend

3 tro trwstan, troeon trwstan ‹troo TRU stan, troi on TRU stan› (masculine noun)
mishap

4 occasion

deudro twice (“two turns”)
(deu- = dau two ) + soft mutation + (tro = turn).

ar ddeudro the second time, with the second try (“on two turns”)
Fe wnaeth e hi ar ddeudro Hi managed it the second time

5 mewn dim o dro in no time at all, at once

6 rai troeon a few times

7 Un tro... / Ryw dro... Once upon a time (conventional phrase for beginning a fairy tale, etc)
(Also: Unwaith..., Gynt..., Ers talwm..., Ers llawer dydd...”)

8 ar y tro at a time
ychydig ar y tro bit by bit, a bit at a time

:_______________________________.

tro 2 ‹tRoo ›
1 stem of the verb troi (= to plough) used as a past participle (= ploughed)
cae tro = ploughed field

2 cadair dro swivel chair
‘chair (of) turning’ (cadair = chair) + soft mutation + (tro, stem of troi = turn)

grisiau tro spiral staircase

3 gwneud y tro suit, do = fit the purpose, fit the bill, be useful though not entirely adequate (“do/make the turn”); make do

gwneud y tro i’r dim do nicely

Wnaiff mo'r tro It won’t do, It’s no good

Bu raid i'r car hwnnw wneud y tro i mi am bedair blynedd
I had to make do with that car for four years, that car had to do me for four years

Fe wnaiff hwn y tro i mi This'll do me, this will suit my purpose

Fe wnaiff y bocs ’ma’r tro yn iawn This box will do me fine

Compare Old English cierr (= turn; occasion, time), from the verb cierran (= to turn).

As in many English words Old English and Middle English -er- has become -ar- in middle English and Modern English.

The word cierr survives in some compounds in Modern English –

1 Old English ‘on cierr’, literally ‘on (the) turn’, has become ajar (= slightly open) (‘The door is ajar);

2 charwoman, charlady (= a lady who cleans);

3 probably the fish name char (‘the turner, the fish that swims to and fro’);

4 charcoal is apparently char (= turn) + coal, though the sense is unclear; the verb char (= reduce to charcoal; beurn slightly, scorch) is derived from charcoal, and not the other way around.

:_______________________________.

trochfa ‹trokh -va› feminine noun
PLURAL trochféydd ‹trokh- veidh›
y drochfa the plunge, etc

1 plunge, ducking

2 soaking

rhoi’r planhigion ar y patio iddyn nhw gael trochfa iawn dan y glaw
to put the plants on the patio for them to get a good soaking / watering in the rain

ETYMOLOGY: (troch-, stem of trochi = immerse) + (-fa, suffix for forming nouns indicating a place or an action)

:_______________________________.

trochi ‹trô -khi›
verb with an object
1 immerse, submerge

2 dip (sheep) = wash by immersing in a disinfectant

3 dirty, mess up, mucky, make mucky

Mae hi wedi trochi ei dillad bob tamed
She’s muckied all her clothes (“she’s dirtied her clothes every bit”)

4 dip = place under water and bring up again

5 dip = put partially into a liquid and take out again

6 paddle

verb without an object
7 dip = go under water and come up again
mynd i drochi go for a dip (in the sea)

8 masculine noun trochi afon scum, foam which pollutes a river

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

trochiad [TROKH-yad] [ˡtrɔxjad] masculine noun
PLURAL trochiadau [trokh-YAA-dai, -e] [trɔxˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 immersion

2 dip = short swim (in the sea, a lake, a river)
mynd am drochiad go for a dip (in the sea)

3 dip = soft savoury mixture into which biscuits or potato crisps are dipped before being eaten

4 (sheep) dip = washing by immersion in a disinfectant

ETYMOLOGY: (troch-, stem of trochi = immerse) + (-iad, suffix for forming masculine nouns)

NOTE: the change drochiad > drochad (the loss of the consonantal i at the beginning of a final syllable) is typical of the south

:_______________________________.

trochiad caws, trochiadau caws [trokh-yad KAUS, trokh-YAA-dai, -e, KAUS] [ˡtrɔxjad ˡkaʊs, trɔxˡj ɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ, ˡkaʊs] (masculine noun)
1 cheese dip

:_______________________________.

trochiant [TROKH-yant] [ˡtrɔxjant] masculine noun
PLURAL trochiannau [trokh-YA-nai, -e] [trɔxˡjanaɪ, -ɛ]
1 dip = noxious liquid in which sheep are dipped in order to rid them of parasites
Fe ddywedodd y llywodraeth nad oedd digon o dystiolaeth fod y trochiant “OP” wedi amharu ar iechyd y ffermwyr
The government said that there wasn’t enough evidence that the dip “OP” (ORGANOPHOSPHATE) had harmed the health of the farmers

:_______________________________.

trochion [TROKH-yon] [ˡtrɔxjɔn]
plural noun
1 trochion sebon or simply trochion lather, soapsuds

ETYMOLOGY: (troch-, stem of trochi = immerse) + (-ion, suffix for forming a
plural noun)

:_______________________________.

troed, traed [TROID, TRAID] [trɔɪd, traɪd] (masculine noun)
1 foot
bys troed toe

2 neidio ar eich traed jump to your feet

3 nerth eich traed [nerth əkh TRAID] [nɛrθ əx ˡtraɪd] (adverb)
very quickly, as fast as you can, as fast as your legs can carry you (“(with the) strength (of) your feet”)

4 clymu rhywun draed a dwylo hogtie somebody, bind hand and foot

5 oer fel troed hwyaden (“cold like (the) foot (of a) duck”, as cold as a duck’s foot)

6 blaenau traed tips of the toes
on tiptoe: ar flaenau’ch traed [ar-VLEI-naikh, -ekh, TRAID] [ar ˡvləɪnaɪx, -ɛx, ˡtraɪd] (“on (the) tips (of) your feet”)
ar flaenau ei draed (“on (the) tips (of) his feet”), etc

7 taro’ch troed ar (rywbeth) stumble over, trip over (“hit your foot on”)

8 rhoi’r troed gorau ymlaenaf put your best foot forward = do your best, go your fastest

9 golchi traed alarch try to do the impossible (“wash (the) feet (of) (a) swan”)

10 hel eich traed (“gather one's feet”) go away, go off
Rhaid imi hel ’nhraed I must be going, It’s time for me to go

11 codi ar eich traed get to your feet

12 rhoi'ch troed gorau ymlaen put your best foot forward, make a move, start walking (“put the best foot forward”)
(Sefyllfa: Mae’r gof ar fin dychwelyd i’w efail) "Well ‘i mi roi'r troed gora mlaen'" ebe Huw, 'swybod ar y ddaear na fydd o wedi gweld i wyn ar rwbath os bydd o acw o mlaen i. Mae o'n meddwl fod pawb yn lladron, a lleidar weiddith lleidar gynta wyddoch
Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (= Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910)
(Situation: The smith is about to go back to his smithy) “I’d better put my best foot forward,” said Huw. There’s no knowing whether he’ll take a fancy to something if he’s down there before me. He thinks that everybody is a thief, but a thief is always the first to accuse others of thieving (“a thief shouts thief first”)

13 taro eich troed wrth garreg ub your foot on a stone (stub - cause to strike accidentally)

14 dan eich traed under your feet, in subjection, defeated, conquered

darostwng (rhywbeth / rhywun) dan eich traed put something / somebody in subjection under your feet

Hebreaid 2:8 Ti a ddarostyngaist bob peth dan ei draed ef. Canys wrth ddarostwng pob peth iddo, ni adawodd efe ddim heb ddarostwng iddo. Ond yr awron nid ydym ni eto yn gweled pob peth wedi eu darostwng iddo.
Hebrews 2:8 Thou hast put all things in subjection under his feet. For in that he put all in subjection under him, he left nothing that is not put under him. But now we see not yet all things put under him.

Os treisiodd y gelyn fy ngwlad dan ei draed
Mae heniaith y Cymry mor fyw ag erioed
(Welsh national anthem) If the enemy subjugated my country under his feet
The old language of the Welsh people is as alive as ever

:_______________________________.

troedio [TROID-yo] [ˡtrɔɪdjɔ] (verb)
1 to tread, walk
(watchman, patrol, policeman) troedio’ch rownd pound the beat (“tread / walk your round”)

2 aildroedio (rhywbeth) walk (along something) again
aildroedio’r un llwybr retrace your steps, go back the way you have come (“retread the same path”)

3 troedio yn eich unfan mark time (“tread in your same place”)

ETYMOLOGY: (troed = foot) + (-i-o verbal suffix)
:_______________________________.

troell, troellau [TROILH, TROILH-ai, -e] [trɔɪɬ, ˡtrɔɪɬaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 wheel
y droell the wheel
troell crochenydd potter’s wheel

:_______________________________.

troellen, troellennau [TROI-lhen, troi-LHE-nai, -e] [ˡtrɔɪɬɛn, trɔɪˡɬɛnaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 spiral
y droellen = the spiral

:_______________________________.

troellog [TROI-lhog] [ˡtrɔɪɬɔg] (adj)
1 twisting

2 spiral
grisiau troellog spiral staircase

:_______________________________.

troellwr [TROI-lhur] [ˡtrɔɪɬʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL troellwyr [troilh-WIR] [trɔɪɬwɪr]
1 disc jockey, DJ
Also: troellwr disgiau

2 in bird names:
troellwr bach (Locustella naevia) = grasshopper warbler
troellwr bach rhesog (Locustella lanceolata) lanceloted warbler
troellwr mawr (Caprimulgus europaeus) = nightjar (in dialect English: churn-owl)

ETYMOLOGY: (troell- stem of troelli = to spin) + (-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

trogylch [TROO-gilkh] [ˡtroˑgɪlx] masculine noun
PLURAL trogylchau, trogylchoedd [tro-GƏL-khai, -e, tro-GƏL-khoidh, -odh] [trɔˡgəlxaɪ, -ɛ, trɔˡgəlxɔɪð, -ɔð]
1 (USA: traffic circle) (Englandic: roundabout) = central island at a road junction around which traffic circulates in one direction; junction with such an island
Also: cylchfan

2 circus = circular area where streets converge
Trogylch Rhydychen Oxford Circus, London

ETYMOLOGY: (tro= turn, turning ) + soft mutation + ( cylch = circle )

:_______________________________.

troffi [TROO-fi] [ˡtroˑfɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL troffïau [tro-FII-ai, -e] [trɔˡfiˑaɪ, -ɛ]
1 trophy

ETYMOLOGY: English trophy < French trophée < Latin < Greek tropaion < tropê (= turn; turning back an enemy, victory over an enemy), related to trepein (= to turn)

:_______________________________.

trogen [TROO-gen] [ˡtroˑgɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL trogod [TROO-god] [ˡtroˑgɔd]

1 tick = parasite with a barbed probiscus that feeds on the blood of warm-blooded animals
y drogen the tick

gwaredu ci o drogod detick a dog, rid a dog of ticks

ETYMOLOGY: trogen / t’rogen < torogen < (torog = ticks) + (-en suffix added to nouns to make a singular form out of a collective noun or plural noun); < British
In Breton: teureug, plural teureuged

For (tVr) > (t’r) in the pretonic syllable, cf tarewais i (I hit) > t’rewais i / trewais i, tarawon ni (we hit) > t’rawon ni / trawon ni

:_______________________________.

troi [TROI] [trɔɪ] (verb)
1 turn

2 Mae aml lwyth wedi troi yn y porth
Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched
(“many a load has rolled over at the (city) gate”)

3 ei throi hi go off, go away
”turn it” (ei = it / her) + aspirate mutation + (troi = turn) + (hi (of) it / her)
Rhaid imi ei throi hi I must be getting along
ei throi hi am adre go off home

4 troi rhywun o gwmpas eich bys bach twist somebody round your little finger

5 troi clust fyddar i rywbeth turn a deaf ear to something

6 troi’r cloc yn ei ôl
..1/ put the clock back
..2/ put the clock back = change from summer time to daylight-saving time on the last Sunday in October

7 troi stumog rhywun turn someone’s stomach
gwneud i’ch stumog droi make your stomach turn (“do to you (the) turning (of) your stomach”)

8 troi afon o’i chwrs divert a river

9 troi heibio ward off
troi perygl heibio ward off danger
troi heibio ddyrnodau (rhywun) ward off (somebody’s) blows

10 troi trwyn rhywun put someone’s nose out of joint, offend someone by taking a place of privilege that was his, place or by taking something which the other person believes belongs to him (“twist (the) nose (of) somebody”)

troi’ch trwyn ar turn up your nose at (“turn your nose on”)

11 cae troi ploughed field (“field (of) ploughing”)

12 troi ychydig o’r ffordd make a slight diversion (“turn a bit from the road”)
Darfu i amryw gynulleidfaoedd yn Pennsylvania a New York erfyn arnaf droi ychydig o’r ffordd i alw heibio iddynt pan ar fy nhaith tua Chymru (Cofiant y Tri Brawd / E Pan Jones / 1892 / t153 )
Some congregations in Pennsylvania and New York have asked me to make a slight diversion to visit them when on my way to Wales

:_______________________________.

troi eich bodiau ‹troi əkh bod -ye›
1 twiddle your thumbs

ETYMOLOGY: (troi = turn) + (eich = your) + (bodiau = thumbs, plural de bawd = thumb)

:_______________________________.

troi ymláen ‹troi əm lain› (v)
1 turn on, switch on (light, radio, TV, computer, etc)

Bellach does dim pwrpas troi Radio Cymru ymláen
There’s no point now in switching on Radio Cymru

ETYMOLOGY: partial translation of English ‘turn on’; troi = turn + ymláen = forward

:_______________________________.

trombôn, tombonau ‹trom BOON, trom BOO ne› (masculine noun)
1 trombone

:_______________________________.

trosben [TROS-ben] [ˡtrɔsbɛn] masculine noun
PLURAL trosbennau ‹tros-BE-nai, -ne› [trɔsˡbɛnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 somersault

2 trosben dwbl double somersault

ETYMOLOGY: Shortening of the phrase tin-dros-ben “ass over head” (tin = ass / arse) + (tros = over) + soft mutation + (pen = head). Tros is an alternative form (and the original form) of the preposition dros

:_______________________________.

Trosnant [TROS-nant] [ˡtrɔsnant] masculine noun
1 farm name, house name

..a/ Name of a primary school SU7107 in Havant, Hampshire

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=96523 Leigh Park, Havant



(delwedd 7418) The school logo, showing a bridge over a stream

..b/ Heol Trosnant street in Pont-y-pŵl, Torfaen

..c/ Trosnant SO0425 farm near Aberhonddu / Brecon

..d/ Cilgant Trosnant (“Trosnant Crescent”), Pen-y-bryn, Hengoed (county of Caerffili)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/507047 Trosnant

ETYMOLOGY: "across the stream, on the other side of the stream” (tros-, < traws prefix = across) + (nant = stream)

Cf Trawsnant, Trawsfynydd, Trawsgoed

:_______________________________.

trosedd ‹tro -sedh› masculine noun
PLURAL troseddau ‹tro-sê-dhe ›
1 offence, crime (USA: offense)
cyflawni trosedd commit a crime
troseddau rhywiol sexual offences

pennu cosb addas i’r trosedd make the punishment fit the crime (“set an adequate punishment for the crime”)

2 cofnod troseddau police record, criminal record

3 trosedd rhyfel war crime

4 misdemeanour, bad behaviour, naughtiness, transgression

ETYMOLOGY: (traws = across) + (-edd suffix for forming abstract nouns)
trawsedd > trosedd

Cf –aw > –o in a tonic syllable:
..1/ caws (= cheese in general), cosyn (= a cheese);

..2/ old names with mawr > mor as a first element Morach, Morfudd, Morgan, Morial, Morudd, etc

:_______________________________.

troseddu ‹tro SEE dhi› (verb)
1 offend, commit an offence or offences

ETYMOLOGY: (trosedd = offence) + (-u verb suffix)

:_______________________________.

troseddwr, troseddwyr ‹tro SEE dhur, tro SEDH wir› (masculine noun)
1 delinquent, offender, criminal
2 cipio troseddwr pick up a criminal

ETYMOLOGY: (trosedd-, stem of the verb troseddu = offend, commit an offence or offences) + soft mutation + (gw^r = man)
:_______________________________.

trosffordd, trosffyrdd ‹TROS fordh, TROS firdh › (femenine noun)
1 (Englandic: flyover) (American: overpass) = a road bridge over another road

ETYMOLOGY: (tros = over) + (ffordd = road)
:_______________________________.

trosol ‹tro-sol› masculine noun
PLURAL trosolion ‹tros-OL-yon›
1 crowbar, lever = long iron bar for moving heavy things

Trosol y Tŷ Bar of the House of Commons (in the Parliament in England)
(the bar is line opposite the Speaker's chair marking the boundary of the parliament house)

Numeri 4:10 A godasant ef a’i holl ddodrefn mewn gorchudd o groen daearfoch, a gosodant ef ar drosol
Numbers 4:10 And they shall put it and all the vessels thereof within a covering of badgers' skins, and shall put it upon a bar.

Eseciel 38:11 A thi a ddywedi. Mi a af i fyny i wlad sydd yn preswylio yn ddiogel, gan drigo oll heb gaerau, ac heb drosolion na dorau iddynt,
Ezekiel 38:11And thou shalt say, I will go up to the land of unwalled villages; I will go to them that are at rest, that dwell safely, all of them dwelling without walls, and having neither bars nor gates,

:_______________________________.

trot ‹TROT› (mf)
PLURAL trotiau ‹TROT-yai, -e›

1 trot

ar drot at a trot

acha trot (south-east) at a trot

mynd ar drot go at a trot

ar drot wyllt at a wild trot

bod ar drot o hyd be always on the go, move around without resting

2 trotian (qv) to trot

ETYMOLOGY: English trot

:_______________________________.

trothwy, trothwyau / trothwyon ‹TROO thui, tro THUI e / tro THUI on› (masculine noun)
1 threshold

:_______________________________.

trotian ‹TROT yan› (verb)
1 trot
ras drotian, rasys trotian trotting race

NOTE: ras trotian is incorrect, as the soft mutation is required

:_______________________________.

trowsus, trowsusau ‹TROU sis, trou SI se› (masculine noun)
1 trousers: variant of trywsus

2 trowsus bach ‹trou ser BAAKH› short trousers (North)

:_______________________________.

trowynt, trowyntoedd ‹TRO wint, tro WIN todh› (masculine noun)
1 whirlwind

ETYMOLOGY: (tro = a twist, a turn) + soft mutation + (gwynt = wind)
:_______________________________.

trsl.
1 abbreviation = trawslythreniad transliteration

:_______________________________.

truan, trueniaid ‹TRII an› (masculine noun)
1 poor thing

:_______________________________.

trueni ‹tri EE ni› (masculine noun)
1 a pity

2 cymryd trueni ar ‹kəm rid tri EE ni ar› (phrase) take pity on

3 bod yn drueni gennych dros... feel sorry for

:_______________________________.

truenus ‹tri EE nis› (adjective)
1 pitiful, wretched

:_______________________________.

truenusrwydd ‹tri e NIS ruidh› (masculine noun)
1 wretchedness

:_______________________________.

trugaredd ‹tri-GAA-redh› (masculine noun)
1 pity, compassion = feeling for somebody's suffering
Does dim trugaredd i’w gael ganddi She shows no mercy (“there’s no mercy for its having with her”)

2 bod ar drugaredd rhywun be at somebody’s mercy

3 cymryd trugaredd ar (rywun) take pity on someone

cymered yr Arglwydd drugaredd arnat may the Lord take mercy on you

4 didrugaredd merciless, unmerciful, hardhearted, unremitting
cosb ddidrugaredd harsh punishment

:_______________________________.

trugareddfa ‹ tri-ga- REDH va› feminine noun
1 mercy seat = throne of God
trugareddfa o aur coeth a mercy seat of pure gold

(Exodus 25:17-22)
(25:17) A gwna drugareddfa o aur coeth, o ddau gufydd a hanner ei hyd, a chufydd a hanner ei lled.
(25:17) And thou shalt make a mercy seat of pure gold: two cubits and a half shall be the length thereof, and a cubit and a half the breadth thereof.

(25:18) A gwna ddau geriwb o aur; o gyfanwaith morthwyl y gwnei hwynt, yn nau gwr y drugareddfa.
(25:18) And thou shalt make two cherubims of gold, of beaten work shalt thou make them, in the two ends of the mercy seat.

(25:19) Un ceriwb a wnei yn y naill ben, a'r ceriwb arall yn y pen arall: o'r drugareddfa ar ei dau ben hi y gwnewch y ceriwbiaid.
(25:19) And make one cherub on the one end, and the other cherub on the other end: even of the mercy seat shall ye make the cherubims on the two ends thereof.

(25:20) A bydded y ceriwbiaid yn lledu eu hesgyll i fyny, gan orchuddio'r drugareddfa â'u hesgyll, a'u hwynebau bob un at ei gilydd: tua'r drugareddfa y bydd wynebau y ceriwbiaid.
(25:20) And the cherubims shall stretch forth their wings on high, covering the mercy seat with their wings, and their faces shall look one to another; toward the mercy seat shall the faces of the cherubims be.

(25:21) A dod y drugareddfa i fyny ar yr arch, ac yn yr arch dod y dystiolaeth a roddaf i ti.
(25:21) And thou shalt put the mercy seat above upon the ark; and in the ark thou shalt put the testimony that I shall give thee.

(25:22)A mi a gyfarfyddaf â thi yno, ac a lefaraf wrthyt oddi ar y drugareddfa, oddi rhwng y ddau geriwb y rhai a fyddant ar arch y dystiolaeth, yr holl bethau a orchmynnwyf wrthyt i feibion Israel.
(25:22) And there I will meet with thee, and I will commune with thee from above the mercy seat, from between the two cherubims which are upon the ark of the testimony, of all things which I will give thee in commandment unto the children of Israel.


2 gold on the ark of the covenant, said to be the resting place of God

Exodus 26:29 Gosod hefyd aur dros yr ystyllod, a gwna eu modrwyau o aur, i osod y barrau trwyddynt: gwisg y barrau hefyd ag aur.
Exodus 26:29 And thou shalt overlay the boards with gold, and make their rings of gold for places for the bars: and thou shalt overlay the bars with gold.

Exodus 26:34 Dod hefyd y drugareddfa ac arch y dystiolaeth yn y cysegr sancteiddiolaf.
Exodus 26:34 And thou shalt put the mercy seat upon the ark of the testimony in the most holy place.

ETYMOLOGY: (trugaredd = mercy) (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)

:_______________________________.

trum, trumiau / trumau ‹TRIM, TRIM-ye, TRI-me› (masculine noun)

Originally drum
1 ridge = mountain ridge

2 Y Drum [ə DRIM] [ə ˡdrɪm]
A farm SJ0308 by Llanerfyl, Powys

“the ridge” (y definite article) + (drum = ridge)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=277591 map

3 It seems to be a feminine noun trum / y drum in some place names

Y Drum Ddu <ə drim DHII> [ə ˡdrɪm ˡðiː] (f)
peak SN9744 in Mynydd Epynt, Powys, west of Drovers’ Arms

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=219997

2 peak north-west of Y Bontnewydd ar Wy, Powys

:_______________________________.

trumwedd ‹trim -wedh› (feminine or masculine noun)
1 trace, sign, vestige
Cysylltir y chwedl hefyd ag ambell i lecyn arall, a dywedir i’r gwenwyn o’r Pair wenwyno meirch Gwyddno Garan Hir, a cheir yma a thraw nant a elwir yn Wenwyn Meirch Gwyddno, neu yn fyrrach, Gwenwyn Meirch, megis y gelwir ffrwd yn rhywle rhwng Conwy a Bangor; nid cof gennyf pa le yn iawn y mae. Ond dyna sylwedd yr ystori, a buasai yn dda gennyf wybod a oes trymwydd o’r un chwedl i’w chael yn yr ardaloedd hyn, megis yn y Gwenwynfarch gerllaw Tre’ Main (Enwau Lleoedd / John Rhys/ Cymru Cyfrol XI. RHIF 63. Hydref 15fed, 1896)
This tale is also connected with other places, and it is said that the poison from the Cauldron poisioned the horses of Gwyddno Garan Hir, and here and there you find streams called Gwenwyn Meirch Gwyddno (the poison of the horses of Gwyddno), or shortened as Gwenwyn Meirch, like the name of a stream somewhere between Conwy and Bangor; I don’t remember exactly where it is. But that’s substance of the story and I’d be happy to know i’f there is a trace of the same tale in these parts, like the (stream name) Gwenwynfarch near Tre’ Main

2 appearance, form, outline

3 peak, hill

ETYMOLOGY: (trum = hill, peak, ridge) + soft mutation + (gwedd = appearance)

NOTE: Dinbych, Meirionydd. Also the north of Ceredigion as trymwydd
(loss of quality of the tonic vowel > y (obscure vowel), not unusual in Welsh; and confusion with the element gŵydd = presence)

:_______________________________.

trw- ‹tru›
1 a stem of the preposition trwy (= through) (used for first and second persons) trwof, trwot

:_______________________________.

trwch ‹truukh› masculine noun
PLURAL trychion ‹trəkh -yon›
1 cut

2 thickness
Nid yw harddwch ond trwch croen
Beauty is only skin deep (“not is beauty but (the) thickness (of) skin”)

3 the majority of, the greater part of
trwch poblogaeth Dwyfor the greater part of the inhabitants of Dwyfor

teithio i wledydd eraill yw trwch mawr ei gwaith
the greater part of her job involves travelling to other countries

Pobl o Loegr oedd trwch y rhai a siaradodd yn y cyfarfod
Most of the ones who spoke in the meeting were people from England

Treuliodd drwch ei fagwraeth yno
He spent most of his childhood there

4 layer
Yr oedd trwch o iâ ar y llyn There was a layer of ice on the lake

5 trwch o wallt mop of hair
Yr oedd trwch mawr o wallt ar ei ben There was a great mop of hair on his head

6 (in talking of thick snow falling)
Yr oedd yr eira yn dod i lawr yn drwch The snow was falling thickly
Fe wnaeth hi drwch o eira neithiwr A lot of snow fell last night

7 bod yn drwch o be covered in
Mae’r celfi’n drwch o lwch The furniture’s all covered in dust

8 trwch blewyn (qv) a hair’s breadth

ETYMOLOGY: ?

:_______________________________.

trwch blewyn ‹truukh bleu -in›
1 a hair’s breadth
crac trwch blewyn hairline crack
gwahaniaeth trwch blewyn subtle distinction (“difference (of) hair’s breadth”)

2 o drwch blewyn by a hair’s breadth
dianc (rhag rhywbeth) o drwch blewyn escape by a hair’s breadth (from something)
dianc (rhag rhywbeth) o drwch blewyn escape by a hair’s breadth (from something)

o fewn trwch blewyn i gael ei ladd within a hair’s breadth of getting killed

3 drwch blwyn o hard by, at a minimum distance from (with soft mutation of the initial consonant of the phrase to indicate its adverbial / prepositional function)
drwch blewyn o'r agoriad right by the opening

ETYMOLOGY: “thickness (of) hair” (trwch = thickness) + (blewyn = hair)

:_______________________________.

trwchus ‹TRUU -khis› adjective
1 thick
llyfr trwchus thick book
Yr oedd carped trwchus ar y llawr There was a thick carpet on the floor

2 (person) stocky, bulky; heavy and compact in stature
dyn bychan trwchus a barf frowngoch yn dechrau britho
a short stocky man with a reddish beard going white

llyfr trwchus thick book

3 (grass, trees) thick, dense
fforest drwchus thick forest

ETYMOLOGY: (trwch = thick) + (-us suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

trwm, trymion ‹TRUM, TRƏM yon› (adjective)
1 heavy

2 esgidiau trymion = heavy-duty shoes

3 bod dan faich trwm o waith be snowed under with work (“be under a heavy burden of work”)

4 metel trwm (Music) heavy metal

5 gorthrwm (m) oppression

<GORTH-rwm> [ˡgɔrθrwm] (gor- = intensifying prefix) + spirant mutation + (trwm = heavy, weighty)masculine noun mutation + (trwm = heavy, weighty)
:_______________________________.

trwmbel ‹trum-bel› masculine noun
PLURAL trwmbeli ‹trum-beel-i ›
1 cart

2 dung-cart, tipcart for carrying dung

3 the body of a cart, minus shafts and wheels; the box of a cart in which the load is carried

ETYMOLOGY: The current Welsh word trwmbel is the result of metathesis T-BR > TR-B

trwmbel < twmbrel < English tumbrel / tumb’rel (= tipcart, dumpcart) < Middle English tumberel < OF tumberel (= tipcart), from tomber (= to fall)

Another meaning of tumberel in Middle English was “ducking stool”, and it occurred in Medieval Latin as tumberellum (= ducking stool)

Modern French has:

tombereau (= tipcart); (= cartload); (= dumper truck, in québécois; in France, the English word (le) dumper is more usual);

tomberau à ordures (Englandic) rubbish lorry / (American) garbage truck

A History of Agriculture and Prices in England from 1259 to 1793 (1866–1902). Volume 1.
James Edwin Thorold Rogers (1823-1890) CARTS AND WAGONS. “When it [a cart] was used for manure it is often called ‘tumberel’, but also ‘dung-cart’….. Twice we found the word ‘tumberel:’ at Oxford in 1298, and at Alton Barnes in 1386. The word, however, was by no means local. The punishment of the tumberel was inflicted (51. Hen. III.) upon such butchers as sold “contagious flesh, or that died of murrain;” the culprit being exposed in a cart to the derision, and occasionally perhaps to the ill-usage, of those who had suffered by his fraud.”

:_______________________________.

trwm eich clyw ‹trum əkh kliu› adjective
1 hard of hearing (“heavy your hearing”)

Un trwm ei glyw fu Jêms Jôns erióed
Jêms Jôns (James Jones) had always been hard of hearing

:_______________________________.

trwser, trwseri ‹TRU ser, tru SEE ri› (masculine noun)
1 trousers (South)

2 trwser byr ‹tru ser BIR› short trousers (South)

:_______________________________.

trwsio ‹TRU sho› (verb)
1 repair

:_______________________________.

trwst, trystiau ‹TRUST, TRƏST ye› (masculine noun)
1 noise, rumble

2 trwst taran a clap of thunder

:_______________________________.

trwy ‹trui› preposition
1 through

2 by means of

3 i mewn trwy un glust ac allan trwy’r llall in one ear and out the other, in at one ear and out at the other

Aiff i mewn trwy un glust ac allan trwy’r llall
It goes in one ear with him and out the other

4 trwy ras Duw by the grace of God

5 “Trwy drefniad yn unig” “By appointment only”

6 trwy rym arfau by force of arms, using weapons

7 Cerddodd ias trwof A shiver went down my spine (“a shudder went / walked through me”)

8 Fe aeth rhyw ias trwof A shiver went down my spine (“some (kind of) shudder went through me”)

9 (South) plentyn trwy’r llwyn lovechild (“child through the bush”)

10 rhoi’ch cleddyf trwy rywun put your sword through someone, wound or kill someone with a sword

11 trwy goelbren by lot, by means of drawing lots
rhennid y comin glas trwy goelbren the common was shared out by lot, was divided up by choosing the short straw

ETYMOLOGY: cf Breton: dre = through

NOTE: colloquial form: trw ‹tru›
see drwy

(1) trwo i ‹TRU oi› (first person singular) through me

(1) trwon ni ‹TRU o ni› (preposition)
(first person PLURAL) through us

(2) trwot ti ‹TRU o ti› (preposition)
(second person singular) through you (‘thee’)

(2) trwoch chi ‹TRU o khi› (preposition)
(second personPLURAL) through you (you all)

(3) trwyddo fe / fo ‹TRUI dho ve / vo› (preposition)
(third person masculine singular) through him

(3) trwyddi hi ‹TRUI dhi hi› (preposition)
(third person feminine singular) through her

(3) trwyddyn nhw ‹TRUI dhi nu› (preposition)
(third person PLURAL) through them

:_______________________________.

trwyddedai, trwyddedeion ‹trui DHEE dai, trui dhe DEI on› (masculine noun)
1 licensee

:_______________________________.

trwydded, twyddedau ‹TRUI dhed, trui DHEE de› (feminine noun)
1 permit, licence (American: license)
y drwydded the permit / the licence

y drwydded hon this permit / this licence

2 trwydded breswyliad ‹TRUI dhed bre SUIL yad›
residence permit

3 trwydded bysgota, trwyddedau pysgota fishing permit

trwydded cerbyd modur motor vehicle licence

trwydded cerbyd nwyddau ‹trui dhed KER bid› goods vehicle licence

trwydded deledu, , trwyddedau teledu ‹TRUI dhed de LE di› TV licence

trwydded fewnforio, trwyddedau mewnforio import licence

trwydded hela hunting permit

trwydded pedler, trwyddedau pedler hawker’s licence

trwydded waith, trwyddedau gwaith ‹trui dhed WAITH› work permit

trwydded yrru, trwyddedau gyrru driving licence

daliwr trwydded (m), dalwyr trwydded licence-holder, licensee (= person with a licence)
rhoi trwydded i to give a licence to, to grant a licence to, to license

4 trwydded i werthu álcohol licence to sell alcohol

..a/ mewn-drwydded on-licence = a permit which allows alcohol to be drunk on the premises where it is sold;
(mewn-, prefix = inside) + soft mutation + (trwydded = licence)

..b/ all-drwydded off-licence = a permit which allows a shop to sell alcohol if it is taken away for consumption

Also: trwydded allanol off-licence

archfarchnad ag all-drwydded a supermarket with an off-licence

siop all-drwydded off-licence = a shop with this permit

siop ddiodydd (f), siopau diodydd off-licence = a shop with this permit

siop drwyddedig (f), siopau trwyddedig off-licence = a shop with this permit

óff-léisens (f) óff-léisensỳs (Englishism, colloquial) off-licence = a shop with this permit

didrwydded unlicensed

heb drwydded unlicensed

:_______________________________.

trwyddedig ‹trui DHEE dig› (adj)
1 licensed

tŷ trwyddedig (m), tai trwyddedig (literally “licensed house”) licensed premises (place licensed to sell alcohol for consumption on the premises)

deliwr trwyddedig (m), delwyr trwyddedig licensed dealer

tafarnwr trwyddedig (m), tafarnwyr trwyddedig licensee (of a pub) (man)

tafarnwraig drwyddedig (m), tafarnwragedd trwyddedig licensee (of a pub) (woman)

annhrwyddedig unlicensed (an- + nasal mutation + trwyddedig)

:_______________________________.

trwy dwyll ‹trui duilh ›
1 by false pretences

ETYMOLOGY: (trwy = through) + soft mutation + (twyll = deceit)

:_______________________________.

trwy gydol... ‹trui GƏ dol› (preposition)
1 throughout (the day, etc)

:_______________________________.

trwy law ‹trui lAu › preposition
1 by the hand of

Samuel-1 18:25 A dywedodd Saul, Fel hyn y dywedwch wrth Dafydd; Nid yw y brenin yn ewyllysio cynnysgaeth, ond cael cant o flaengrwyn y Philistiaid, i ddial ar elynion y brenin. Ond Saul oedd yn meddwl peri lladd Dafydd trwy law y Philistiaid.
Samuel-1 18:25 And Saul said, Thus shall ye say to David, The king desireth not any dowry, but an hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be avenged of the king's enemies. But Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines.

ETYMOLOGY: 'through the hand of’ (trwy = through) + + soft mutation + (llaw = hand)

:_______________________________.

trwyn, trwynau ‹TRUIN, TRUI ne› (masculine noun)
1 nose (Scotland: neb); = part of the face just above the mouth

Mae ’nhrwyn i’n rhedeg
I’ve got a runny nose, my nose is running

Sycha dy drwyn! Blow your nose! Wipe your nose!

trwyn smwt snub nose

trwyn hir long nose

trwyn mawr big nose

trwyn bach small nose

trwyn fflat flat nose

trwyn coch red nose (also as a sign of fondness of drinking alcohol)

2 trwyn y person (American: pope’s nose) (Englandic: parson’s nose) fatty part of tail end of a cooked chicken (“(the) nose (of) the parson”)

3 headland, promontory; tip of a headland

Trwyn y Witsh (Abertawe),

Trwyn y Sger (Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr);

Trwyn y Tâl (Gwynedd),

Trwyn y Gorlech (Gwynedd),

Trwyn y Gadair / Trwyn y Gader (Ynys Môn) SH2993 (“Carmel Head” in English) (qv)

Trwyn y Penrhyn “(the) tip (of) the promontory” west of Portmeirion

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH5737 map (“Trwynypenrhyn” on the map, as if a habitative name)

etc

4 codi’ch trwyn ar (rywbeth/rywun) be disdainful towards (something), regard (something / somebody) with disdain

5 Dyw e’n ddim ond dwy lygad a thrwyn (South) he’s all skin and bone (“He is nothing but two eyes and a nose”)

6 Coleg y Trwyn Pres Brasenose College, University of Oxford (“(the) college (of) the nose (of) brass”)

7 tywys rhywun gerfydd y trwyn lead someone by the nose (force someone to do what they are unwilling to do”)

8 dal eich trwyn hold your nose (because of a bad smell)

9 torri’ch trwyn i ddial ar eich wyneb to cut off your nose to spite your face (“cut off your nose to get-revenge on your face”) to do something which will harm your rival / adversary / enemy even though it causes yourself a great deal of harm too

10 troi trwyn rhywun put someone’s nose out of joint, offend someone by taking a place of privilege that was his, place or by taking something which the other person believes belongs to him (“twist (the) nose (of) somebody”)

11 troi’ch trwyn ar turn up your nose at (“turn your nose on”)

12 bod drwyn wrth gynffon (cars in a traffic jam) be nose to tail

dyma fi’n anelu trwyn y car i gyfeiriad Llangurig so I pointed the car (“here’s me pointing the nose of the car”) in the direction of Llangurig

:_______________________________.

trwyndrwyn ‹TRUIN-druin› adj
1 nose to nose; with noses touching

as an adverb with soft mutation of the initial consonant: drwyndrwyn

eistedd drwyndrwyn â sit nose to nose with

ETYMOLOGY: trwyndrwyn (= nose to nose), from (trwyn = nose) + soft mutation + (trwyn = nose).

Cf (pen = head) + soft mutation + (pen = head) head to head, at loggerheads, in conflict. Also the archaic llawlaw (= hand in hand, hand to hand), which is (llaw = hand) + soft mutation + (llaw = hand), and archaic troetroed < troed-droed (= step by step), which is (troed = foot) + soft mutation + (troed = foot).

:_______________________________.

Trwyn y Gader ‹TRUIN ə GAA-der›
1 SH2993 a headland on the north coast of Ynys Môn, 7 kilometres (5 miles) west of Cemais. The English use the name ‘Carmel Head’.

ETYMOLOGY: ‘the nose (headland) (of) the chair (rock in the form of a chair)’
(trwyn = nose) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (cadair = chair)

:_______________________________.

Trwyn y Penrhyn ‹truin ə PEN-hrin›

1 SH5837 the tip of Penrhyn Deudraeth, the headland of Deudraeth

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/84818 Trwyn y Penrhyn

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) nose (of) the headland” the tip of the headland, the tip of the Deudraeth headland.

(trwyn = nose) + (y = definite article) + (penrhyn = headland)

Deudraeth is “two sandflats” is (deu- < dau = two) + soft mutation + (traeth = beach, strand, sandflat) – that is , Y Traeth Mawr and Y Traeth Bach

The headland is at the junction of Y Traeth Mawr SH5839 (“the big sandflat, the greater sandflat”) to the west – the tidal estuary of Afon Glaslyn, the upper section of which, beyond the embankment (Y Còb) completed in 1811, is now mostly reclaimed land, and Y Traeth Bach SH5357 (“the little sandflat, the lesser sandflat”) to the south and east, at the estuary of Afon Dwyryd.

As a result of the conversion of most of Y Traeth Mawr to grazing land, this “greater sandflat” it is now much smaller than the “lesser sandflat” (Y Traeth Bach).


(delwedd 7410)

:_______________________________.

Trwyn y Sger ‹truin ə sker ›
1 SS7879 headland in the county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr, 4km north of Porth-cawl.
English name: Sker Point

ETYMOLOGY: (trwyn = nose / promontory) + (y Sger name of a locality, and a mansion) + (sger = rocky place, from an English dialect word “sker”)

:_______________________________.

trwy reddf ‹trui redhv› adverb
1 instinctively

ETYMOLOGY: (trwy = through) + soft mutation + (greddf = instinct)


:_______________________________.

try- ‹TRƏ› (prefix)
1 through; corresponds to the English prefixes through- / thorough-, per-, dia-
gloyw (= bright), tryloyw (= diaphanous, i.e. almost completely translucent)

2 intensifier
tân (= fire), trydan (= electricity)

ETYMOLOGY: in fact a form of the preposition trwy (= through) < British trê


:_______________________________.

trybedd, trybeddau ‹TRƏ bedh, trə BE dhe› (feminine noun)
1 tripod
y drybedd = the tripod

:_______________________________.

tryblith ‹trə -blith› masculine noun
1 mess, muddle, chaos, confusion
tryblith meddwl mental confusion

ETYMOLOGY: (try- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (plith = middle; among, between)

:_______________________________.

tryc, trycs / tryciau ‹trək, trəks / TRƏK ye› (masculine noun)
1 truck = small vehicle
tryc agored ‹trək a GO red›

2 open truck (= pick-up)
tryc damweiniau ‹trək dam WEIN ye›

3 wrecker (England: breakdown lorry)

:_______________________________.

trychfilyn ‹ trəkh- vii -lin› m
PLURAL trychfilod ‹ trəkh- vii-lod›
Sometimes as trychfil ‹TRƏKH-vil›

1 insect
Mae rhai trychfilod wedi bod ar y ddaear ers 500 miliwn o flynyddoedd
some insects have been on earth for 500 million years

trychfilyn hedegog (m) trychfilod hedegog flying insect

2 (as trychfil) term of disrespect for a person
yr hen drychfil hyll! “ugly old insect”!

ETYMOLOGY: (trychfil = insect) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns)

Trychfil is apparently “bad animal”

trych- < trwch (= bad, evil, wicked; unfortunate; wretched) + soft mutation + (mil = animal).

First recorded instance 1775 (noted in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary)

A variant noted in the late 1800s is trychwil, apparently influenced by chwil / chwilen (= beetle)
:_______________________________.

trydan ‹trə -dan› masculine noun
1 electricity
golau trydan electric light
pwynt trydan power point, wall socket

pall trydan power cut, blackout, power failure (USA: also power outage, power loss)
toriad trydan power cut, blackout, power failure (USA: also power outage, power loss)

ETYMOLOGY: “great fire” (try- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (tân = fire)

:_______________________________.

trydaniad ‹trə-dan-yad› masculine noun
PLURAL trydaniadau ‹trə-dan-yâ-de›
1 electricification
2 electrical charge

ETYMOLOGY: (trydan-, stem of trydanu = electrify) + (-iad suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

trydanladdiad ‹trə-dan-ladh-yad› masculine noun
PLURAL trydanladdiadau ‹trə-dan-ladh-yâ-de›
1 electrocution = death by an electric charge

ETYMOLOGY: (trydan = electricity) + soft mutation + (lladd = to kill) + (-iad suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

trydanol ‹trə-dâ-nol› adjective
1 electric
glas trydanol electric blue

llyswen ‹lhə-su-en› drydanol electric eel Electrophorus electricus

offer trydanol electrical equipment

sioc drydanol electric shock
....rhoi sioc drydanol i... give an electric shock to...
sioc trydanol statig static electricity shock

2 plural noun trydanolion electrical equipment, electrics

ETYMOLOGY: (trydan = electricity) + (-ol = suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

trydan statig ‹trə -dan sta-tig› masculine noun
1 static electricity
sioc trydanol statig static electricity shock

ETYMOLOGY: (trydan = electricity) + (statig = static)

:_______________________________.

trydanu ‹trə-DAA-ni› verb
1 charge (a battery)
trydanu batri charge a battery

2 electrify = adapt in order to use electric power

trydanu'r rheilffordd Great Western i Abertawe electrify the Great Western (railway) to Abertawe / Swansea

trydanu system gyriant ceir electrify the propulsion system of cars

ETYMOLOGY: (trydan = electricity) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

trydanwr ‹trə-DAA-nur› masculine noun
PLURAL trydanwyr ‹trə- dan -wir›
1 electrician

Trydanwr gyda dros 20 mlynedd o brofiad. Prisoedd rhesymol am ailweirio, gosod sustemau larwm a chawodydd
Electrician with more than 20 years experience. Reasonable prices for rewiring, installing alarm systems and showers

plymwyr, trydanwyr a seiri coed plumbers, electricians and carpenters

ETYMOLOGY: (trydan = electricity) + (-wr = suffix - indicates the agent, literally ‘man’, soft mutation of gwr)

:_______________________________.

trydar ‹TRƏ-dar› (verb)
1 (bird) tweet

:_______________________________.

trydedd ‹TRƏ dedh› (feminine adj) (nf)
1 third
y drydedd the third one

:_______________________________.

trydydd ‹TRƏ didh› (masculine adj) (nm)
1 third

y trydydd the third one

bob yn drydydd dydd Llun every third Monday

:_______________________________.

tryfan ‹trə -van› masculine noun
1 (place names) peak

2 Tryfan SH6659 (also Mynydd Tryfan) mountain in the county of Gwynedd, between Capelcurig and Bangor

3 the name of a school in Bangor, county of Gwynedd
Ysgol Tryfan Tryfan School

4 Rhostryfan SH4957 (“(the) moor (of) (the hill called) Tryfan”) village 5km south of Caernarfon (county of Gwynedd )

ETYMOLOGY: (try- = intensifying prefix ) + soft mutation + (ban = peak)

:_______________________________.

tryfesur ‹trə-ve -sir› masculine noun
PLURAL tryfesurau ‹trə-ve- sî -re›
1 diameter

ETYMOLOGY: (try- = intensive prefix) + soft mutation + ( mesur = measure)

:_______________________________.

Tryleg ‹tRə -leg›
1 (SO5005) locality in the county of Mynwy (South-east Wales)
English name: Trelleck

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/69923

2 a parish at this place

3 division (cwmwd, “kúmmud”) of the cantref (“kántrev”) (cantref = medieval administrative unit) of Gwent Is Coed, South-east Wales



(delwedd 7383)

ETYMOLOGY: “three standing stones” (try- prefix = three) + soft mutation + (lleg, variant of llech = slab). Cf trywyr / triwyr (= three men), trychant / trichant (= three hundred)

:_______________________________.

tryledu ‹tRə-LEE-di›

1 (light) diffuse

ETYMOLOGY: (try- = intensifying prefix ) + soft mutation + (lledu = widen, disperse)

:_______________________________.

tryledwr ‹trə-LEE-dur›
PLURAL tryledwyr ‹trə-LED-wir›
1 (light) diffuser

ETYMOLOGY: (tryled-, stem of tryledu = to diffuse) + (-wr, suffix denoting a man or a device < gŵr = man)

:_______________________________.

trylen ‹TRƏ-len›
1 learnèd, erudite, knowledgeable

ETYMOLOGY: (try- = intensifying prefix ) + soft mutation + (llên = literature, learning, knowledge, erudition < British < Latin LEGENDUM)

According to William Owen-Pughe (1803), as a noun (f) it means ‘thorough learning, and as an adjective ‘thoroughly learned’.

A literary word which gained some currency in literature as a result of its appearnace in Owen-Pughe’s dictionary.

gwyr trylen fel Iolo Morgannwg erudite men like Iolo Morgannwg

(delwdd 8091)

(Tarian y Gweithiwr 31-12-1875)

Dydd Nadolig, 1875, yn Eglwys Penmain, Gower, gan y Ficer, sef y Parch. Mr. James, Mr Lewis Davies (mab Mr. Rees Davies, Dean-street, Aberdar,) â Miss Gwenllian Jenkins, o Ystradfellte.

Gan Lewis a Gweno lawen – boed llwydd,

A byd llawn heb angen,

O fendithion Ion a’i wen,

I dreulio’u hoes yn drylen.

(Tarian y Gweithiwr / ‘the shield of the worker’ 31-12-1875)

On Christmas Day 1875 in Penmaen Church, Gower, by the Vicar, namely the Rev. Mr. James, Mr. Lewis Davies (the son of Rees Davies, Dean Street, Aber-dâr / Aberdare), and Miss Gwenllian Jenkins, of Ystradfellte.

With Lewis and happy Gwenno – may there be success

And a world without need, full

Of the blessings of God and his smile

To spend their life knowledgeably

:_______________________________.

tryloywlun ‹trə-loi-u-lin› masculine noun
PLURAL tryloywluniau ‹trə-loiu- lin -ye›
1 slide

ETYMOLOGY: (tryloyw = transparent) + soft mutation + ( llun = picture)

NOTE: Colloquially the Englishism sleid is used, from English slide

:_______________________________.

trym- ‹trəm› adjective
1 penult-syllable form of trwm = heavy

(1) derived forms
trymaidd = heavy, oppressive
trymder = heaviness
trymed = as heavy, trymach = heavier, trymaf = heaviest
trymháu = make heavier, become heavier
trymion = heavy (plural form of the adjective)

(2) compound words (trym- qualifying a following noun)
cwsg sleep, trymgwsg deep sleep, slumber
gwaith work, trymwaith heavy work
llwyth load, trymlwyth heavy load, trymlwythog heavy-laden

:_______________________________.

trymedd ‹tRə -medh› masculine noun
1 heaviness
gefn trymedd nos in the dead of night (“(in) (the) back (of) (the) heaviness (of) night”)

ETYMOLOGY: (trym- < trwm = heavy) + (-edd suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

trymgwsg
1 deep sleep, heavy slumber, heavy sleep
bod mewn trymgwsg be in a deep sleep, be fast asleep
dihuno o’ch trymgwsg wake from one’s slumber
syrthio i drymgwsg fall into a deep sleep

Daniel 10:9 Eto mi a glywais sain ei eiriau ef: a phan glywais sain ei eiriau ef, yna yr oeddwn mewn trymgwsg at fy wyneb a’m hwyneb tua’r ddaear.
Daniel 10:9 Yet heard I the voice of his words: and when I heard the voice of his words, then was I in a deep sleep on my face, and my face toward the ground.

ETYMOLOGY: (trwm = heavy) + soft mutation + (cwsg = sleep)

:_______________________________.

trymion ‹trəm -yon› adjective
1 plural form of trwm = heavy
esgidiau trymion = heavy-duty shoes

ETYMOLOGY: (trwm = heavy) + (-ion suffix for forming plurals of adjectives)

:_______________________________.

trymwaith ‹trəm -waith› masculine noun
1 toil, hard work

ETYMOLOGY: (trym- penultimate-syllable form of trwm = heavy ) + soft mutation + (gwaith = work)

:_______________________________.

trymwydd ‹trəm -widh› masculine noun
1 = trumwedd (trace, sign)


:_______________________________.

trystfawr ‹TRƏST-vaur› (adj)
1 noisy

(tryst- penultimate-syllable form of trwst = noise; thunderclap) + soft mutation + (mawr = great, big)

:_______________________________.

trysor, trysorau ‹TRƏ sor, trə SO re› (masculine noun)
1 treasure

Ynys y Trysor Treasure Island

trysor cudd hidden treasure
darganfod trysor discover a treasure

...Darganfyddodd e drysor cudd mewn ogof he discovered some hidden treasure in a cave

trysor y môr-ladron the pirates’ treasure

trysor wedi’i guddio o dan lechfaen treasure hidden under a stone slab

teithio'n bell i geisio trysor, a hwnnw yma wrth ein traed

go far afield in search of treasure that was right under our noses all the time (“travel far to seek treasure, and that-thing here at our feet”)

trysor lladrad stolen treasure (stem of lladrata = to steal, equivalent to an English past participle ‘stolen’)

trysor wedi’i ddwyn stolen treasure (“treasure [which is] after its stealing”)

trysor a ladratwyd stolen treasure (“treasure which has been stolen”)

trysor a dducpwyd stolen treasure (“treasure which has been stolen / taken”)
:_______________________________.

trysorlys, trysorlysoedd ‹trə SOR lis, trə sor LƏ sodh› (masculine noun)
1 treasury
Canghellor y Trysorlys The Chancellor of the Exchequer (in the English government, the Minister of Finance)

:_______________________________.

trysorydd, trysorwyr ‹trə SO ridh, trə SOR wir› (masculine noun)
1 treasurer
ein cyn-drysorydd our ex-treasurer, our former treasurer

trysorydd y capel the treasurer of the chapel
trysorydd y sir the county treasurer, the treasurer of the county council

trysorydd y gymdeithas the treasurer of the association

trysorydd y consortiwm the treasurer of the consortium

trysorydd y pwyllgor the treasurer of the committee

trysorydd y papur bro Lleu the treasurer of the community newspaper Lleu

:_______________________________.

Tryweryn ‹ trə-WEE-rin›

Llyn Tryweryn SH7838 http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/149310

Afon Tryweryn river flowing into Y Bala to join the Dyfrdwy



(delwedd 7322)

Cofiwch Dryweryn Remember Tryweryn, slogan painted on walls to exhort Welsh people to be alert, and not to allow the English to encroach on our lands and destroy our communities.

This followed the expropriation of land and the destruction of the Welsh village of Capelcelyn by the English city of Liverpool in order to build a dam and a lake to supply the city with water.

This was achieved by means of an Act of Parliament which had the backing of the English members of parliament, and in defiance of the opposition of the Welsh members (apart from a single Welsh MP who did not vote), and of the great majority of people in Wales to this takeover of Welsh land.

In all the Welsh owners were dispossessed of 800 acres of land. The lake and dam were officially inaugurated in 1965.

The project was promoted by the Labour politicians who at the time governed Liverpool City Council. In October 2005, the City Council, now under Liberal Democrat control, issued an apology for the action of the Labour administration of the time, and members of all parties in Liverpool County voted in favour of an apology. Although seen by many as a welcome acknowledgement of who was right and who was wrong in the destruction of the Welsh-speaking community of Capelcelyn, the surviving inhabitants of the village did not believe the apology was of any value.

According to a report on the BBC Wales website (19 October 2005) http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4354256.stm :

Betty Watkin-Hughes, whose family was forcibly moved from Capel Celyn said:

"I think nothing of it, it is just away to say goodbye and sweep it all under the carpet. They can keep their apology and start doing what's right for the people who are left."

(cofiwch = remember! - second person plural imperative) + soft mutation + (Tryweryn)
There is a soft mutation of an object noun after an inflected verb
Cofiwch is (cof-i- stem of cofio = to remember) + (-wch second person plural imperative ending)

Also Cofia Dryweryn
(cofia = remember! - second person singular imperative) + soft mutation + (Tryweryn)
Cofia is (cof-i- stem of cofio = to remember) + (-a second person singular imperative ending)


(delwedd 7062)
:_______________________________.

trywsus ‹ tRəu -sis› masculine noun
PLURAL trywsusau ‹ trəu-si -se›
1 trousers, pair of trousers
trywsusau trousers, pairs of trousers
un trywsus one pair of trousers (1)
dau drywsus two pairs of trousers

2 torch trwysus trouse cuff (Englandic: trouser turn-up)
trouser turn-up

Gwentian (= south-eastern Welsh):

torcha’i drywzuz (torchau ei drywsus) his trouser cuffs, the cuffs of his trousers

ETYMOLOGY: English trouses, plural of trouse (= trousers) < trews < Scottish triubhas < Old French.

Cf Late Latin tubrucus (= breeches)

In modern English a distinction is made between trouse ‹trauz› (= Irish breeches), and trews ‹truuz› (= Scottish breeches).

The English form trousers shows the influence of the word drawers (= underpants)

NOTE: See also trowsus

:_______________________________.

trywydd, trywyddau ‹TRƏ widh, trə WƏ dhe› (masculine noun)
1 trail; route; track

dilyn trywydd ofer go down a blind alley, go along a path that leads nowhere (“follow a futile trail”)

dilyn yr un trywydd follow the same route, go along the same track

Trwydd y Dref The Town Trail (a pedestrian circuit of a town especially for tourists passing by important and interesting features)

trywydd beicio cycle route

trywydd wedi’i farcio a marked trail / route

mynd oddi ar y trywydd leave the track; (conversation) get off the topic

colli’r trywydd lose the trail

colli trywydd y llwynog (hunting) lose the trail of the fox

colli trywydd ei hen ffrind lose track of his old friend

bod ar y trwydd iawn be on the right track (= go about something in a manner which will lead to a successful conclusion)

dodi (rhywun) ar y trwydd iawn put (someone) on the right track
rhoi (rhywun) ar y trwydd iawn put (someone) on the right track

bod ar y trwydd anghywir be on the wrong track (= go about something in a manner which will lead to an unsuccessful result)

dilynwch y trywydd ar y chwith follow the track on the left

:_______________________________.

tsh ‹chə› feminine noun
PLURAL tshacras ‹cha -kras›
1 trigraph to represent the sound (ch) [ʧ]

Not standard, but removes the ambiguity of the standard forms tsi (in initial or medial position) or ts (in final position) (since final ts represents either [ts] or [ʧ], since

both pronunciations occur, with the [ts] pronunciation being older and nowadays archaic).

	WITH SH
tsieto (= to cheat)	tsheto
starts (= starch) (nm)	startsh
startsio (= to starch)	startsho
larts (= pompous haughty)	lartsh
martsio (= march)	martsho
martsiodd (= he marched)	martshodd
arts (= arch) (nf)	artsh
torts (= torch) (nf)	tortsh
tortsien (= [little] torch) (nf)	tortshen
perts (= perch (a measure)) (nm)	pertsh
garetsen (= carrot [South Wales]) (nf)	garetshen	Both garetsen and garetshen are in use

:_______________________________.

tshacra ‹cha -kra› feminine noun
PLURAL tshacras ‹cha -kras›
Patagonian Welsh
1 smallholding, farm

ETYMOLOGY: Castilian of Argentina < Quechua

:_______________________________.

tsharjo ‹char -jo› verb
1 (colloquial) charge (a battery); literary word: llwytho
tsharjo batri charge a battery

ETYMOLOGY: (thsarj- = English to charge) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: Also tsharjio (with –io)

:_______________________________.

Tsheceg ‹CHE keg› (feminine noun, adjective)
1 Czech (language)

:_______________________________.

Tshecia ‹CHEK ya› (feminine noun)
1 Czechia

:_______________________________.

Tsheina ‹CHEI na› (feminine noun)
1 China

:_______________________________.

Tsheineiaid ‹chei NEI ed› (plural noun)
1 Chinese people

:_______________________________.

Tsheineieg ‹chei NEI eg› (feminine noun, adjective)
1 Chinese (language)

:_______________________________.

tsheto ‹che -to› verb
South Wales
1 verb without an object cheat

2 verb with an object cheat

3 (South Wales) tsheto'r gwt push in (in a queue), jump a queue, jump the queue ("cheat the queue")
(in the North neidio’r ciw)

ETYMOLOGY: (tshêt) + (-o suffix for forming verbs); tshêt < English cheat (Welsh preserves the pre-1500 English pronunciation ‹cheet› with a long ‘e’) < escheat (= to take land; a feudal lord took possession of land where there were no legal heirs, or if the tenant had been outlawed) < Latin *excadere (ex + cadere = to fall)

:_______________________________.

tshipsen ‹CHIP sen›
1 chip (for playing poker)

:_______________________________.

tu, tuoedd ‹TII, TI odh› (masculine noun) side

tu allan ‹tii A lhan› (adverb) outside
y tu mewn ‹tii MUEN› (masculine noun) the inside, the interior

tu yma i ‹tu ə MA i› (preposition) on this side of

tu ôl ‹tii OOL› (adverb) behind
tu ôl i ‹tii OOL i› (preposition) behind

tu ôl i’r barrau behind bars, in prison (“behind the bars”)

tu draw ‹tii DRAU› (adverb) beyond
y tu draw ‹tii DRAU› (masculine noun) the place beyond

tu draw i ‹tii DRAU ii› (prep) beyond

tu hwnt ‹tii HUNT› (adverb) beyond

tu hwnt i beyond
o tu hwnt i (colloquially o dwnti) from beyond, from the other side of
o dwnti’r Clawdd from England “from beyond the Dyke

:_______________________________.

tua, tuag ‹TI a, TI ag› (preposition)
(tua + consonant, tuag + vowel)
1 towards - tua Chaerdydd = towards Caer-dydd

2 around (approximate amount) tuag ugain = around twenty

3 with adverbs
tuag i fyny upwards
tuag yn ôl backwards
tuag yma towards here

tuag adref homewards (South Wales: sha thre)

NOTE: in South Wales as sha, shàg

:_______________________________.

tuag at ‹ti-ag-at› preposition
1 towards = in the direction of
Pwy sydd isio brechdan? holodd, gan ddal y dorth yn erbyn ei ffedog a chychwyn torri tuag at ei mynwes
Who wants a sandwich? she asked, holding the loaf against her apron and beginning to cut towards her bosom

2 after nouns :
cariad tuag at love for
cariad ffôl (tuag at rywun) infatuation with
casineb tuag at hatred towards, hatred of
gweithred eiddigeddus tuag at a jealous act against
teimladau drwg tuag at ill-feeling towards

cyfeirio’ch ymdrechion tuag at (ryw nod) direct your efforts towards (some goal)
gweithred eiddigeddus tuag at a jealous act against
teimladau drwg tuag at ill-feeling towards

3 after adjectives
anioddefgar tuag at intolerant of
ymddwyn yn annheg tuag at behave unfairly towards

teimlo’n ddig tuag at (rywun) feel angry with (someone)

4 before adverbs
tuag at allan towards the outside

ETYMOLOGY: (tua = towards) + (at = to). The preposition tua is made up of tu (= side) + â = with. In front of a vowel, â > ag- Thus, tuag

NOTE: South Wales shag at

:_______________________________.

y tu arall i ‹ə tii â –ralh ii› (preposition)
1 on the other side of (“the other side to”)
y tu arall i'r afon on the other side of the river

ETYMOLOGY: Cf. Breton en tu al da

:_______________________________.

tua thref ‹ti-a three› adverb
1 home = in the direction of home

NOTE: used in South Wales in the form sha thre
mynd sha thre go home

Literary form: tuag adref

ETYMOLOGY: (tua = towards) + spirant mutation + (tref = home)

:_______________________________.

tud ‹tiid› masculine noun
1 obsolete people

2 found in many names (= “people”) from the British period, some preserved in place names; some of these old names have been revived as given names in the modern period
Illtud, Gwrtud, Rhystud, Tudfab, Tudful, Tudfor, Tudfwlch, Tudnerth, Tudnou, Tudri, Tudug, Tudur, Tudwal, Tudwystl, Tutglyd

3 obsolete country, territorial unit

4 alltud
...(1) obsolete foreigner, alien, non-tribesman
...(2) modern Welsh = exile
(all- = out) + soft mutation + (tud = people) > all-dud > alltud

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British teut-â < Celtic
From the same British root: Breton tud (= parents), Cornish tuz (= people)

From the same Celtic root: Irish tuath = (1) people, tribe; (2) country, kingdom, territory

From the same Indoeuropean root:

..a/ GERMANIC:German Deutsch (= German); English Dutch and Teutonic;

..b/ Lithuanian Tautà (= Germany) < Germanic

:_______________________________.

tudalen, tudalennau ‹ti DA len, ti da LE ne› (masculine noun)
1 page
2 blaen tudalen front (of a page),

ETYMOLOGY: tu (= side) + dalen (= leaf)
(dalen is feminine, but the main element of the word is tu, a masculine noun; and so the word tudalen is masculine; however it is often treated as feminine because of the -en ending)

:_______________________________.

tudalen gweili ‹tu-dA-len gwei-li› masculine noun
PLURAL tudalennau gweili ‹ti-da-le-ne gwei-li›
1 flyleaf = blank page at the beginning or end of a book

ETYMOLOGY: (tudalen = page, leaf of a book) + (gweili = empty)

:_______________________________.

Tudful ‹TID vil› (feminine noun)
1 name of female saint
2 found in the place-name Merthyrtudful (south-east Wales)

:_______________________________.

Tudno ‹TID no› (masculine noun)
1 name of a male saint
2 found in the place-name Llandudno (north-west Wales)

:_______________________________.

Tudur ‹tii-dir› masculine noun
1 man’s name, revived in the twentieth century

Short form: Tùd ‹tid›
Anglicised form: Tudor

2 surname
Anglicised form: Tudor, from the patronymic (1) ap Tudur (= son (of) Tudur), or (2) Tudur (= (son of) Tudur) (‘ap’ began to disappear from patronymics from the 1500s onwards)

3 Pandytudur ‹pan-di tî-dir› SH8564 locality in the county of Conwy, 6km north-east of Llan-rwst:
“(the) fulling mill (of) Tudur”. In fact this is not the original name, which is Pandybudr ‹pan-di bii-dir›; Pandytudur is an alteration of “y pandy budr” “(the) dirty / (the) muddy fulling mill”

ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh Tudur < Tudyr < British *teuto-rîks ‘king of the people’

The elements making up the name are equivalent to modern Welsh tud (people) and rhi (king)
From the same British root: Breton Tuder

:_______________________________.

Tudwystl ‹TID-wistl› (masculine noun)
1 name of a male saint

2 found in the place-names Capeltydyst and Llandudlyst

ETYMOLOGY: (tud = people) + soft mutation + (gwystl = ransom)

NOTE: Capeltydyst: Final l is sometimes lost in Welsh – though generally after b,d,g: posibl (= possible) > posib’;
Tudwystl > Tudwyst’

Tonic u can sometimes become the obscure vowel, hence Tudwyst’> Tydwyst’

In the case of Tydwyst’> Tydyst’ the consonantal w has also been lost

Llandudlyst: Tudwystl > Tud’ystl > (through metathesis) Tudlyst

:_______________________________.

tuedd ‹TII-edh› feminine noun
PLURAL tueddiadau‹ti-edh-YAA-dai, -de›
1 tendency, trend
Y duedd ers yr ail ryfel byd fu codi'r cloddiau sydd gwmpas y caeau

The tendency since the Second (World) War has been to remove the hedgebanks around the fields

Yr oedd tuedd rhieni i siarad Saesneg â'u plant wedi cynyddu

The tendency for parents to speak in English to their children increased

tueddiadau rhywiol sexual inclinations, sexual leanings, sexual tendencies

tendency = faction in a party

y duedd honno o'r blaid that faction of the party

diduedd impartial, unbiassed

bod tuedd yn (rhywun) be a tendency in somebody ...
Rhyw duedd gwastraffu amser sy ynddo There’s a (kind of) tendency to waste time in him

o dueddau from a place near

Un o dueddau Manceinion yr oedd ei dad His father was from the Manchester area

ETYMOLOGY: (tu = side) + (-edd suffix)

:_______________________________.

tueddfryd+ ‹ti-EDH-vrid› masculine noun
1 bias, inclination

ETYMOLOGY: (tuedd = tendency) + soft mutation + (bryd = mind, intent, desire)

:_______________________________.

tueddiad+ ‹ti-EDH-yad› masculine noun
1 tendency

See: tuedd

ETYMOLOGY: (tuedd = tendency) + (-i-ad suffix)

:_______________________________.

tueddol+ ‹ti-EEDH-ol› adj
1 inclined, apt, tending
tueddol i inclined to

tueddol o inclined to

Mae gormod o bobol yn dueddol o droi eu golygon dros Glawdd Offa pob tro maen nhw'n chwilio am arweiniad fel pebai
popeth Seisnig yn well na phopeth Cymreig.

Too many people tend to turn their eyes to beyond Offa’s Dyke each time they look for leadership as if everything English was better than everything Welsh

ETYMOLOGY: (tuedd = tendency) + (-ol adjectival suffix)

:_______________________________.

tueddu+ ‹ti-EEDH-i› v
1 tueddu i tend to = incline to do sth, to do sth generally
Mae pawb yn tueddu i weld man gwyn man draw

Everybody tends to think that the grass is greener on the other side of the fence

(“everybody tends to see a beautiful place (“white place”) yonder”)

ETYMOLOGY: (tuedd = tendency) + (-u verbal suffix)

:_______________________________.

tueddbennu ‹ti-edh-BE-ni› (v)
1 (literary, rare) incline, tend

Yr oedd yn ystod ei ddyddiau yn y brifysgol yn tueddbennu’n amlwg i gyfeiriad y bywyd gwleidyddol

During his time at university he was clearly tending towards political life

ETYMOLOGY: (tuedd = tendency) + + soft mutation + (penn- < pen = head) (-u verbal suffix)
:_______________________________.

y tu hwnt ‹ə tii HUNT› (preposition)
1 beyond

2 y tu hwnt i bob amheuaeth beyond doubt (“beyond all doubt”)

3 y tu hwnt i adferiad iredeemable, beyond help (“beyond restoration”)

:_______________________________.

tùn, tuniau ‹TIN, TIN ye› (masculine noun)
1 tin

2 gwaith tùn tinworks
In Y Morfa, Llanelli, there is a street called Rhes Gwaith Tùn (= rhes y gwaith tùn) “(the) terrace / the row (of) the tinworks”

tùn bwyd (North) lunch box, snap tin, bait tin (for carrying a snack lunch to work or to school)

:_______________________________.

tunaid, tuneidiau ‹TI ned, ti NEID ye› (masculine noun)
1 tin = tinful (North-west: tyniad, tyniadau)

:_______________________________.

tunelli ‹ti NE lhi› (plural noun)
(PLURAL form)
1 tons; See: tunnell ‹TI nelh› = ton

:_______________________________.

tunnell, tunelli ‹TI nelh, ti NE lhi› (feminine noun)
1 ton
y dunnell = the ton

:_______________________________.

tu ôl ‹ə tii ool› masculine noun
1 y tu ôl the rear, the back part
o’r tu ôl from behind
ymosod o’r tu ôl attack from behind

2 behind, bottom, arse

ETYMOLOGY: (tu = side) + (ôl = rear, behind)

:_______________________________.

turtur ‹tiR -tir› feminine noun
PLURAL turturod ‹tir-tî-rod›
1 (Streptopelia turtur) turtle dove
y durtur = turtle dove

Canai’r durtur yn alarus o frig hen ffawydden
The turtle dove was singing plaintively / mournfully from the top of an old beech tree

Salmau 74:19 Na ddyro enaid dy durtur i gynulleidfa y gelynion: nac anghofia gynulleidfa dy drueiniaid byth.
Psalms 74:19 O deliver not the soul of thy turtledove unto the multitude of the wicked: forget not the congregation of thy poor for ever.

Lefiticus 5:7 Ond os ei law ni chyrraedd werth oen, dyged i'r ARGLWYDD, am ei gamwedd yr hwn a bechodd, ddwy durtur, neu ddau gyw colomen; y naill yn aberth dros bechod, a'r llall yn boethoffrwm.
Leviticus 5:7 And if he be not able to bring a lamb, then he shall bring for his trespass, which he hath committed, two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, unto the LORD; one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering.

ETYMOLOGY: Medieval English turtur < French < Latin.

Modern French has tourterelle.

Alternatively turtur may have been taken into Welsh directly from French;

or directly from Latin, as a learned borrowing

(a borrowing in the British period would have given *turthur, with “th”)


:_______________________________.

tusw ‹TI-su› masculine noun
PLURAL tuswau, tuswon ‹TIS-wai, -e, TIS-won›
1 bunch, boquet, cluster, posy (of flowers)

2 bunch, handful
tusw o saets a bunch of sage
tusw o wellt a bunch of straw
tusw o wair a bunch of hay
tusw clocs straw put into clogs to keep the feet dry

Cofiant Matthews, Ewenni, John James Morgan, 1922, p401
Dacw’r llinos yn ymolch yn y nant, a defnyddio’i hadain, fel tusw isop, a thaenellu’r holl gorff â dwfr glân
See the linnet washing ityself in the brook, and using its wings, like a bunch of hissop, and sprinkling all the body with clean water

3 tuft of hair

:_______________________________.

tuth ‹TIITH› masculine noun
PLURAL tuthiau ‹TITH-yai, -e›

1 canter; trot
ar duth cantering

y ceffylau'n ymarfer ar y cae, ar drot, ar duth ac ar garlam

the horses exercsing on the field, at a trot, at a canter, and at a gallop

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British

Breton has tizh (= speed)

:_______________________________.

tuthio ‹TITH-yo› (v)
1 to canter; to trot

ETYMOLOGY: (tuth = canter) + (-i-o verb suffix)

:_______________________________.

tuthiwr ‹TITH-yur› masculine noun
PLURAL tuthwyr ‹TITH-wir›
1 pace-setter, pace-maker (runner in a race who sets a pace for another runner or other runners to try and keep up with)

ETYMOLOGY: (tuth = canter) + (-i-wr noun suffix to indicate an agent)

:_______________________________.

twb ‹tub › masculine noun
PLURAL tybiau ‹təb -ye›
1 tub

Often as twbyn
(twb = tub) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns)

2 twbyn lwcus lucky dip (in a tub)

3 tub (used to force rhubarb)
Dw i’n mynd i dynnu'r twb oddiar y riwbob I’m going to tale the tub off the rhubarb

4 byw o dan dwbyn “live under a tub”, not have a clue about anything, about something

5 twbyn o ddyn ‹TU bin o DHIIN› fat man (a tub of a man)

ETYMOLOGY: English tub < Middle Dutch (modern Dutch tobbe = tub)

:_______________________________.

twbyn ‹tu -bin› masculine noun
PLURAL tybiau ‹təb -ye›
1 tub
See twb

ETYMOLOGY: (twb = tub) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns)

:_______________________________.

twca ‹tu-ka › masculine noun
PLURAL twcaod ‹tu-kâ-od ›
1 knife (one used by a slaughterer, castrator), slaughtering knife

Rho dy dwca yn ei gwain
Put a sock in it, shut up (“put your knife in its sheath”)

ffitio fel gwain am dwca be a perfect fit, fit like a glove (“fit like a sheath around a knife”)

ETYMOLOGY: Middle English (= modern English tuck) < French estoc (= sword, trunk) < Germanic;
cf German der Stock (= stick);
cf English stock < Old English stoc (= trunk, stick);
cf French estocade (= deathblow)

:_______________________________.

twchu ‹TUU-khi›
1 colloquial form of tewychu (= fatten up, thicken)

twchu mochyn to fatten up a pig

tew|y|chu > t’wy|chu > t’w’|chu

:_______________________________.

twf ‹tuuv› (masculine noun)
1 growth

2 ar eich llawn dwf fully grown (“on your full growth”)

3 yn eich llawn dwf
..1/ (person) fully grown, grown-up, adult, mature
gweld dynion yn eu llawn dwf yn chwarae â threnau bach
seeing grown men playing with toy trains

..2/ (fruit) ripe
afal yn ei lawn dwf a ripe apple

:_______________________________.

twlc, tylciau ‹TULK, TƏLK ye› (masculine noun)
1 pig pen (England: pig sty)

:_______________________________.

Twlc y Filiast ‹TULK ə VIL-yast› [tʊlk ə ˡvɪljast] (masculine noun)
1 SN3316 burial chamber in Llangynog, Caerfyrddin



(delwedd 7100)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN3316

http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/2234/twlc_y_filiast.html lluniau, photos

ETYMOLOGY: “the greyhound bitch’s lair / den / kennel”

(twlc = lair / den / kennel) + (y = definite article, ‘the’) + soft mutation + (miliast = female greyhound)

NOTE: A History of Carmarthenshire, Sir John E Lloyd (Editor). (2 volumes, Cardiff, 1935, 1939). Published by the London Carmarthenshire Society: “The name Twlc-y-filiast is frequently applied to a dolmen in South Wales (Gwal-y-filiast occurs again as the name of a ruined dolmen in the parish of Llangyndeyrn)”

:_______________________________.

twll, tyllau ‹TULH, TƏ lhe› (masculine noun)
1 hole

2 twll llygad PLURAL: tyllau llygaid eye socket (“hole (of) eye”)

3 (musical instrument) twll bys finger hole

4 mewn twll in a hole
gadael (rhywun) mewn twll to leave (somebody) in the lurch

5 (Morwriaeth) dŵr twll sbydu bilge water (“water (of) (the) hole (of) emptying”)

6 pendwll having a head full of holes (feminine form: pendoll)
(pen = head) + soft mutation + (twll = hole)

llysywen bendoll lamprey (“eel with a head full of holes” )
llysywod pendoll lampreys, Petromyzontidae

7 dimple

Twll yn ei Boch “(a) dimple in her cheek” Folk tune name mentioned in “The Cambrian Quarterly Magazine and Celtic Repertory” (1830). The appended English translation is: The Dimpled Cheek

ym mhob twll a chornel in every nook and cranny (“in ever hole and corner”)

:_______________________________.

twll botwm ‹tulh BO tum› (masculine noun)
1 buttonhole

:_______________________________.

twll cwningen ‹tulh ku-ni-ngen› masculine noun
PLURAL tyllau cwningod ‹tə-lhe ku-ni-ngod›
1 rabbit hole

ETYMOLOGY: “hole (of a) rabbit, PLURAL: holes (of) rabbits”

:_______________________________.

twll dan y stâr ‹tulh dan STAAR› (masculine noun)
1 (South) room under the stairs

:_______________________________.

Y Twll Du ‹ə tulh dii›
1 (Ordnance Survey Map Reference: SH 6358) fissure in the rock face on the north side of Glyder Fawr, 8km west of Capelcurig in the county of Conwy.

Name used by the English: Devil’s Kitchen

ETYMOLOGY: (“the black hole”) (y = the) + (twll = hole) + (du = black)

:_______________________________.

twll llygoden ‹tulh lhə GO den› (masculine noun)
1 mousehole

:_______________________________.

twll tan y grisiau ‹tulh tan ə GRI she› (masculine noun)
1 (North) room under the stairs

:_______________________________.

twll tin ‹tulh TIIN› [tʊɬ ˡtiːn] masculine noun
PLURAL tyllau tinau [TƏ-lhai, -e, TII-nai, -e] [ˡtəɬaɪ, -ɛ, ˡtiˑnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 asshole, (Englandic: arsehole, bum hole), anus = excretory opening at the end of the alimentary canal

2 twll tin y byd ‹tulh TIIN ə BIID› [tʊɬ ˡtiːn ə ˡbiːd] (said of a remote place) the back of beyond, a dump of a place (“the asshole / arsehole of the world”)
byw yn nhwll tin y byd live in a real dump of a place

3 in expressions of contempt
Twll dy din di! ‹TULH də DIIN di› [ˡtʊɬ də ˡdiːn dɪ]

Piss off! Balls to you! Bugger you! (to one person) (familiar form with pronoun ti = thou)
(literally: your asshole / your arsehole “(the) hole (of) your ass / arse”)

Twll eich tin chi! > Twll ych tin chi! ‹TULH əkh TIIN khi› [ˡtʊɬ əx ˡtiːn xɪ] Piss off! Balls to you! Bugger you! (to one person) (formal form with pronoun chi = you)
“(the) hole (of) your ass / arse”) (using the chi form = you, formal when used for one person)

Twll eich tinau chi! > Twll ych tine chi! ‹TULH əkh TII-nai, -e, khi› [ˡtʊɬ əx ˡtiˑnaɪ, -ɛ, xɪ] Piss Piss off! Balls to you! (to many) (use of pronoun chi = you all)
“(the) hole (of) your asses / arses”)

Twll ei din e! > Twll ’i din e! ‹TULH i DIIN e› [ˡtʊɬ ɪ ˡdiːn ɛ] Well, he can just bugger off
“(the) hole (of) his ass / arse”)

Twll ei thin hi! > Twll ’i thin ’i! ‹TULH i THIIN hi, TULH i THIIN i› [ˡtʊɬ ɪ ˡθiːn hɪ, ˡtʊɬ ɪ ˡθiːn ɪ] Well, she can just bugger off
“(the) hole (of) her ass / arse”)

Twll eu tinau nhw! > Twll ’u tine n’w! ‹TULH i TII-nai, -e, nu› [ˡtʊɬ ɪ ˡtiˑnaɪ, -ɛ, nʊ] Well, they can just bugger off
“(the) hole (of) their asses / arses”)

Twll tin pob Sais Bugger the English ‹tulh TIIN poob SAIS› [tʊɬ ˡtiːn poːb ˡsaɪs]
(“(the) asshole / arsehole (of) every Englishman”)

twll (= hole), tin (= person’s bottom, arse), pob (= every), Sais (= Englishman, literally and historically ‘Saxon’)

Iechyd da i bob Cymro a thwll tin pob Sais “good health to every Welsh person and bollocks to every English person” (a drinking toast)

‹YEE-khid DAA i boob KƏM-ro a thulh TIIN poob SAIS› [ˡjeˑxɪd ˡdɑː ɪ boːb ˡkəmrɔ a θʊɬ ˡtiːn poːb ˡsaɪs]

Twll tin pob Sais, iechyd da ‹tulh TIIN poob SAIS YEE-khid DAA› [tʊɬ ˡtiːn poːb ˡsaɪs ˡjeˑxɪd ˡdɑː]

A drinking toast. “Bugger the English (and) (I wish you) good health”.

This phrase also forms part of, and is the title of, a well-known drinking song in Wales.

“The Tryweryn Dam and Reservoir was officially opened in October 1965 by the Lord Mayor of Liverpool who was greeted by a large group of Welsh protestors singing, hymn-like, the words ' Twll din pob Sais.....'

Website: The Flag in the Wind http://www.scotsindependent.org/features/singasang/gwent.htm

Twll tin pob blydi Sais Bugger the bloody English

Twll dy dîn di'r Sais diawl Bollocks to you, you bloody Englishman

Twll tin pob un sy ddim yn cytuno â fi Bollocks to anybody who doesn’t agree with me

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hole (of) (the) ass (USA), arse (Englandic)”

(twll = hole) + (tin = ass / arse)

NOTE: Also (but rarely) twll din (though the soft mutation of tin is aberrant here)
(Possibly through confusion with dyn = man; as if twll dyn “(the) hole (of a) man”)

:_______________________________.

twll yn eich ’stumog ‹tulh ən əkh STI mog› (phrase)
1 “a hole in your stomach” (expression used talking of hunger)

Mae twll yn fy stumog I’m hungry (‘there is a hole in my stomach’)

:_______________________________.

twll yn y wal ‹ tulh ən ə wal›
1 hole in the wall

peiriant arian twll yn y wal hole-in-the-wall cash machine
peiriant twll yn y wal hole-in-the-wall (cash) machine

:_______________________________.

Y Twll-yn-y-wal ‹ə tulh ən ə wal›
1 place in Y Bala

Roedd o’n gorwedd ar y palmant y tu allan i Twll-yn-y-wal (= i’r Twll-yn-y-wal)
He was lying on the pavement outside Twll-yn-y-wal

2 Heol Twll-yn-y-wal street in Margam (Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘the hole in the wall’ (y = the) + (twll = hole) + (yn = in) + (y wal = the wall)

:_______________________________.

Twm ‹tum› masculine noun
1 man’s name (pet form of Tomos)

2 Twm-lygad-y-ceiniog (qv) an old skinflint

3 twm-pib (qv) popular name for the oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus).
(Standard name: pioden y môr = magpie (of) the sea, sea magpie) (‘Tom (of) (the) pipe’)

ETYMOLOGY: first syllable of Twmws, a variant form of Tomos (= Thomas), if not a direct borrowing from English, where ‘Tum’ was used in addition to ‘Tom’ (for example, in Lancashire in the 1800s)

NOTE: Also Twmi ‹tu-mi›, with the addition of the diminutive suffix -i

:_______________________________.

Twm Barlwm ‹tum BAR lum›
1 A mountain two miles north-east of Rhisga (county of Mynwy) in South-east Wales.



(delwedd 7399)

The original form was Twyn Barlwm. Strictly speaking it is the name of the distinctive mound which forms the summit of the ridge, at the eastern end of a hillfort, and not the mountain itself. The mountain itself would be (or have been) Barlwm.

Twyn Barlwm is “(the) mound (on the) Barlwm (mountain)”.(See ETYMOLOGY below)

The mound, visible from many places in the surrounding area,. is known to English speakers of the area as the “Tump”

(More recently the “Pimple” seems to have come into vogue. The mound when seen from a great distance is so small that it is like a pimple against the skyline).

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/88185 View of the mound of Twyn Barlwm / Twm Barlwm

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/752963 View of the mound of Twyn Barlwm / Twm Barlwm

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: The original name is Twyn Barlwm (“(the) mound (on the) Barlwm (mountain)”).

This twyn (mound) is possibly Late Bronze Age or Iron Age in date. According to wikipedia (information accessed 2008-10-18), the mound “was also thereafter possibly a Roman signal point and there is also a substantial Norman motte and bailey castle incorporated into the eastern end of the fort, probably of early Norman construction.”

Barlwm is an adjective meaning ‘bare-topped, with a bare summit, with a treeless summit”

(bar = peak, hilltop, mountain top) + soft mutation + (llwm = bare).

It was possibly distinctive in being treeless because of the hillfort, compared to the surrounding tree-covered summits.

A similar adjective in Welsh in meaning and construction is penllwm (“bald-headed; having a head of thin hair”)

(pen = head) + soft mutation + (llwm = bare).

The element bar is not commonly found, but it occurs in:

..1/ Berwyn by Llangollen (adjective, “white-topped”) (bar = summit) + soft mutation + (gwyn = white)

..2/ Crug-y-bar (Caerfyrddin; “(the) mound (of) the hilltop”

..3/ Nant Bargod (County of Caerffili) (“boundary stream”)

bargod = eaves of a house; (bar = summit) + soft mutation + (-cod element with unknown meaning)

..4/ Nant-y-bar (Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) ??“(the) stream (of) Y Bar”, i.e. the stream flowing down from the high ground called Y Bar or ‘the peak / the hiltop’


(delwedd 7329)

NOTE: Sometimes it is claimed that Twm here is the same as “Tom” (Thomas) in Welsh. But evidently this is not the case, as explained above.

..1/ twyn > twn Before the tonic vowel, the diphthong wy [ui] has been reduced to the simple vowel [u]

..2/ There is also assimilation of the n to the following b
Twn Barlwm > Twm Barlwm

The pronunciation of n before b, p is often m in Welsh (Llanbedr > Llanbed > Llambed).

It occurs in other languages too:

English: in careless pronunciations such as Banbury (Oxfordshire) > Bambry

Latin: (in-) + (pês = foot) > impedîre (= shackle the feet )> English impede

NOTE: The reduction Twyn Barlwm > Twm Barlwm may be compared to

a) the reduction of twyn to twn-, twm- in the word twmpath (= mound)

b) a colloquial pronunciation of Llwynypia in the Rhondda valley.

TWMPATH:

twmpath < *twnpath < *twynpath < (twyn = hill, mound) + (unknown element)

This is exactly the same reduction and assimilation as in Twmbarlwm

LLWYNYPIA:
A local form Llwnpia occurs in from “Ni’n Doi”, a humorous series of anecdotes in the south-eastern dialect of Welsh by Glynfab (1918). (llwyn y pia > llwyn pia > llwn pia)

Probably too the spelling Llwnpia should be more exactly Llwmpia, since the assimilation of n > m can be assumed to have occurred

:_______________________________.

twmffat, twmffatiau / twmffedi ‹TUM fat, tum FAT ye / tum FE di› (masculine noun)
1 (North) funnel



(delwedd 7400)

:_______________________________.

Twm lygad y geiniog ‹tum lə-gad ə gein-yog› masculine noun
1 name given to one who is very tight with money, an old skinflint

ETYMOLOGY: ‘Twm (of the) eye (of) the penny’ i.e. someone who looks a penny in the eye (Twm = Tom) + soft mutation + (llygad = eye) + (y = the) + soft mutation + (ceiniog = penny)

Epithets after a personal name underwient soft mutation of the initial consonant in older Welsh.

NOTE: also: Siôn lygad y geiniog (= John), Ieuan lygad y geiniog (= John)

:_______________________________.

Twm o’r Nant ‹tum or NANT› (masculine noun)
1 Thomas Edwards. Playwright 1738-1810.

:_______________________________.

twmp [TUMP] [tʊmp] masculine noun
PLURAL tympiau [TƏMP-yai, -ye] [ˡtəmpjaɪ, -ɛ]
especiallySouth Wales
Diminutive form: twmpyn

1 mound, hillock

2 pile

3 lump

twmpyn o gig a lump of meat

twmpyn ar ei goes a lump on his leg

4 a lump of a person (twmpyn (m), twmpen (f))

twmpen dew fat lump of a woman
twmpyn tew fat lump of a man

2 Pen y Twmpa [PEN ə TUM-pa] [pɛn ə ˡtʊmpa] (635mm) SO2235 peak in the district of Brycheiniog in southern Powys, 7km east of the village of Talgarth. (“(the) summit (of) the mounds / hillocks”)

English name: The Tumpa, or Lord Hereford’s Knob

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/270807

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/47072

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

Y Twmp SO3518. Farm near Llanwytherin, Mynwy. (On maps as “Tump”).

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=196559

ETYMOLOGY: English tump (= mound). This English word is of unknown origin, but it has ben suggested that it is probably a variant of top, and possibly influenced by lump.

Joseph Wright, English Dialect Dictionary, 1905: Tump. A mound, small hillock, esp. such as is raised by ants or moles.

NOTE: Outwardly the Welsh name Pen y Twmpa seems to be a local form of “Pen y Tympiau”, “(the) peak (of) the hillocks”.

Earlier forms are needed to see the true derivation.

NOTE: Twmpa may not in fact be a form of tympiau.

If it were twmpe it would be explicable, since the plural form tympiau is twmpe colloquially (suffix -e instead of -iau is normal in the south; and also the retention of w in the penult.

In the south-east twmpe > twmpa (with an e in the final syllable > a, but in this case it is unusual since Brycheiniog is outside the e > a area)

:_______________________________.

twmpath [TUM-path] [ˡtʊmpaθ] masculine noun
PLURAL twmpathau [tum-PAA-thai, -e] [tʊmˡpɑˑθaɪ, -ɛ]
1 little hill, hillock

2 hump = slight rounded ridge across a road to slow down drivers
Also called: traffic hump, road hump, speed hump, sleeping policeman
Croesfan Sebra a Thwmpath (on road signs) Humped Zebra Crossing
(“zebra crossing and a hump”)

3 burial mound, tumulus

4 castle mound, motte
See Y Twmpath, Y Twmpath Mawr

5 twmpath morgrug ant-hill

6 twmpath gwadd plural twmpathau gwaddod mole hill (dialect English: molecast)

7 twmpath dawns, PLURAL twmpathau dawns [TUM-path DAUNS, tum-PA-thai, -e, DAUNS] [ˡtʊmpaθ ˡdaʊns, tʊmˡpaθaɪ, -ɛ, ˡdaʊns] or colloquially simply twmpath
·····(1) place in the open air where people used to meet to dance, sing, and practise rural sports such as jumping, wrestling; flat place for dancing, dance mound
·····(2) The activities at such a mound (By 1850 the traditional ‘twmpath’ had died out)
·····(3) (present-day meaning) folk-dance event, party with folk dancing

8 clump
nant y mynydd yn disgyn dros lechweddau Moel y Gader rhwng twmpathau grug a brwyn
the mountain stream flowing down the slopes of Moel y Gader between clumps of heather and rushes

ETYMOLOGY: twmpath < *twnpath < *twynpath < (twyn = hill, mound) + (unknown element)

:_______________________________.

Y Twmpath [ə TUM-–path] [ə ˡtʊmpaθ]
1 name of a castle mound or motte in Rhiwbina (county of Caer-dydd / Cardiff)
near Heol y Wenallt

http://www.castlewales.com/twmpath.html

ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + (twmpath = mound)

:_______________________________.

Y Twmpath Mawr [ə TUM-path MAUR] [ə ˡtʊmpaθ ˡmaʊr]
1 place by Castell Tregawntlo, near Tregawntlo (county of Bro Morgannwg) SS8777

ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + (twmpath = mound) + (mawr = big)

:_______________________________.

twm-pib [tum-PIIB] [tʊm ˡpiːb] masculine noun
1 popular name for the oystercatcher H(:ç)haematopus ostralegus. (Standard name: pioden y môr = magpie (of) the sea, sea magpie)



(delwedd 7327)

ETYMOLOGY: Twm pib “Tom (of) pipe / whistle”, “Tommy whose call is like a pipe playing” (Twm, familiar form of Tomos = Thomas) + (pib = pipe; (or in the North: whistle))

:_______________________________.

twmplen [TUM-plen] [ˡtʊmplɛn] f
PLURAL twmplins, tumplenni [TUM-plins, tum-PLE-ni] [ˡtʊmplɪns, tʊmˡplɛnɪ]
y dwmplen = the dumpling

1 dumpling = lump of flour paste or dough cooked in a meat or vegetable stew

2 dumpling = thick pudding consisting of a mass of dough with fruit inside, cooked by baking or boiling
templen afalau > twmplen fale apple dumpling

ETYMOLOGY: English dumpling < possibly lumpling (lump) + (-ling diminitive suffix)

:_______________________________.

Twm Siôn Cati ‹tum shoon KA ti› (masculine noun)
1 Folk hero who fought against injustice c1550.

:_______________________________.

twndish, twndishiau [TUN-dish, tun-DISH-yai, -ye] [ˡtʊndɪʃ, tʊnˡdɪðʃjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 (South) funnel

The Treatment of English Borrowed Words in Colloquial Welsh / Thomas Powel / Y Cymmrodor Vol. VI 1883. / p133

The following paper is an attempt to give a general account

of the use and treatment of English words in the colloquial

Welsh of the present day. Most of the statements here made

are applicable to the whole of Welsh-speaking Wales; but

the paper treats more particularly of the dialect spoken, with

slight variations, in the Counties of Brecon, Caermarthen,

and the greater part of Cardigan.

Curiously, sh final, even when preceded by e or i, often

becomes s: Marnes (varnish), twndis (tundish), ffres (fresh);

sh is also heard in such words.

:_______________________________.

twndis

See twndish
:_______________________________.

twnnel, twnnelau, twnneli [TU-nel, tu-NE-li] [ˡtʊnɛl, tʊˡnɛlɪ] (masculine noun)
1 tunnel

:_______________________________.

twp [TUP] [tʊp] (adjective)
1 daft, stupid

Paid â bod yn dwp Don’t be stupid

:_______________________________.

twpsyn [TUP-sin] [ˡtʊpsɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL: twps, twpsod, twpsiaid / twpsed [TUPS, TUP-sod, TUPS-yaid, TUP-sed] [tʊps, ˡtʊpsɔd, ˡtʊpsjaɪd, -ɛd]
1 fool, idiot, blockhead, dolt, daftie, dunderhead, half-wit, woodenhead, woodentop, fathead, simpleton (USA: klutz, bonehead, mutt, goof, dumb-bell, jackass)
twpsyn hollol a complete fool
rhyw dwpsyn o Geidwadwr some Conservative half-wit

ETYMOLOGY: (twps = fools, idiots) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns to make a singular form out of a collective noun or plural noun), from the adjective twp (= simple, stupid)
NOTE: There is a feminine form: twpsen

:_______________________________.

twr, tyrrau [TUR, TƏ-rai, -re] [tʊr, ˡtəraɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 heap, pile

2 group, crowd
twr o bobl a crowd of people

twr o fechgyn yn gwthio heibio i'w gilydd a crowd of boys pushing past each other

3 twr barlys barley mow (Webster’s 1828 English Dictionary: A mow of barley, or the place where barley is deposited

4 tyrru pile up; (people) come / go in droves

:_______________________________.

tŵr, tyrau [TUUR, TƏ-rai, -re] [tuːr, ˡtəraɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 tower

:_______________________________.




twrach ‹TUU-rakh› (adverb)
1 (North Wales) perhaps, maybe

A reduced form of twyrach ‹TUU-rakh›
See hwyrach

NOTE: Originally hwyrach was nid hwyrach (“not later”)

A Welsh Grammar (Historical and Comparative). John Morris(-)Jones, 1913. Page 437: It is curious that nid hwyrach is generally reduced to hwyrach in the recent period, though it survives as tw(y)rach in Gwyn. dial. (= Gwynedd dialect)



..1 nid hwyrach > *nitwyrach (d-h > t)

..2 *nitwyrach > twyrach (loss of the pretonic syllable)

..3 twyrach > twrach (reduction of the pretonic diphthing wy > simple vowel w, a feature of other words in Welsh, especially gwybod (= to know) > gwbod)

:_______________________________.

Twrceg [TUR-keg] [ˡtʊrkɛg] (feminine noun, adjective)
1 Turkish
y Dwrceg the Turkish language

:_______________________________.

twrch, tyrchod [TURKH, TƏR-khod] [tʊrx, ˡtərxɔd] (masculine noun)
1 boar

2 twrch daear mole

twrch mole

cysgu fel twrch sleep like a log (“sleep like a mole”)

bod mor ddall â thwrch daear be as blind as a bat (“be as blind as a mole” / “earth-pig”)

(From wiktionary; accessed 01-05-2023) From Proto-Celtic *tworkos (compare Cornish torgh, Breton tourc’h, Irish torc, Scottish Gaelic torc),

from Proto-Indo-European *twerḱ- (“to cut”). Cf. Ancient Greek σάρξ (sárx, “flesh”). Originally meaning a piece of meat, it also derives from Proto-Indo-European *twerḱ- (“to cut”).
:_______________________________.

Twrch Trwyth [turkh-TRUITH] [tʊrx ˡtrʊɪθ] (masculine noun)
1 a boar hunted by Culhwch in the fifth tale of the Mabinogion

:_______________________________.

twrci, twrcïod [TUR-ki, tur-KII-od] [ˡtʊrkɪ, tʊrˡkiˑɔd] (masculine noun)
1 turkey

:_______________________________.

twristiaeth [tu-RIST-yaith, -yeth] [tʊˡrɪstjaɪθ, -ɛθ] (feminine noun)
1 tourism

:_______________________________.

twrlla, twrllaod [TUR-lha, tur-LHAA-od] [ˡtʊrɬa, tʊrˡɬaɔd] (m.)
1 (dictionary word) marmot

(marmot, marmotod / marmotiaid is the usual word)

:_______________________________.

twrw [TUU-ru] [ˡtuˑrʊ] (masculine noun)
1 noise

cadw twrw make a noise, be rowdy

pobl yn y dafarn drws nesa yn cadw twrw yn oriau maân y bore
people in the pub next door being rowdy in the early hours of the morning

:_______________________________.

twt [TUT] [tʊt] (adjective)
1 neat

In the English dialect of Llanidloes:

TOOT, compact, neat, smart. “There’s a toot little fellow.” It is teh Welsh word Twt.

(Parochial Account of Llanidloes / Edward Hamer / Chapter X / Folk-lore. Page 308 Collections Historical and Archeological Relating to Montgomeryshire and its Borders / 1877)
:_______________________________.

twyll [TUILH] [tʊɪɬ] (masculine noun)
1 fraud, deceit, swindle, swiz

Twyll yw e It’s a swindle
twyll hollol downright swindle

2 trwy dwyll by false pretences
cymeryd arian oddi ar rywun drwy dwyll swindle somebody out of his money

NOTE: Sometimes learners of Welsh confuse this with twll (qv) (= hole), and use ‘twll’ when they mean to say ‘twyll’

:_______________________________.

twyllo [TUI-lho] [ˡtʊɪɬɔ] (verb)
1 cheat, swindle

2 un hawdd ei dwyllo (m), un hawdd ei thwyllo (f) an easy touch, somebdoy easily

3 Chymer hi ei thwyllo gan neb No-one can pull the wool over HER eyes, She wont be tricked by anyone (“she won’t take her cheating with anybody”)

:_______________________________.

twyllwr [TUI-lhur] [ˡtʊɪɬʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL twyllwyr [TUILH-wir] [ˡtʊɪɬwɪr]
1 swindler, cheat, confidence trickster, hustler, conman (USA: also: grifter) (Englandic: also: twister)

2 impostor

ETYMOLOGY: (twyll-, stem of twyllo = to cheat) + (-wr agent suffix, ‘man’)

:_______________________________.

twym [TUIM] [tʊɪm] (adjective)
1 warm

:_______________________________.

twymo [TUI-mo] [ˡtʊɪmɔ] (verb)
1 warm up

2 warm (oneself) up

3 ymdwymo [əm-DUI-mo] [əmˡdʊɪmɔ] (verb) warm (oneself) up

:_______________________________.

twyn, twyni [TUIN, TUI-ni] [tʊɪn, ˡtʊɪnɪ] (masculine noun)
1 hill (South)

2 sandhill
twyn tywod PLURAL twyni tywod sandhill

but in places names simply as twyni (= sandhills, burrows)

Twyni Cynffig called by the English “Kenfig Burrows”

Twyni Merthyr-mawr “Merthyr Mawr Burrows”

Twyni Margam Margam Burrows

llyffant y twyni (Bufo calamita) (“(the) toad (of) the sand-dunes”) natterjack toad

rhedwr y twyni (Cursorius cursor) cream-coloured courser “(the) runner (of) the sand dunes / sandhills”

3 twmpath little hill, hillock < twynpath < (twyn = hill, mound) + (unknown element)

4 Twm Barlwm (qv) [tum-BAR-lum] [tʊmˡbarlʊm] name of a hill in South-east Wales
< twyn barlwm

(twyn = mound) + (barlwm bare-topped) “(the) mound (on) (the hill called) Barlwm”.
The mound in question is part of a Bronze-Age or Iron-Age hill fort, which seems to have been reshaped in part after the Norman invasion in an attempt to buld a defensive structure either by the Norman invaders or more likely by the Welsh inhabitants of the zone.

5 “Dantwyn Road” street name in Pontarddulais (county of Abertawe) (in Welsh this would be Heol Dan-twyn (if the reference is to a foarm or house) or Heol Dan Twyn (if the reference is to the hill itself)
Dan-twyn < dan y twyn “below the hill” (dan = below) + (y definite article) + (twyn = hill)
In place names, the linking definite article y is often dropped

6 Sometimes in place names with the name of a farm in whose lands it is found: Twyn y Werfa (Aber-dâr), Twyn y Glog (Ynys-y-bŵl)

See Pen-twyn

:_______________________________.

Y Twyn ‹ə TUIN› [ə ˡtʊɪn]
1 locality in Tir-y-berth (county of Caerffili)

2 “The Twyn” street name in Tre-lyn (county of Caerffili)

3 “The Twyn” street name in Caerffili (county of Caerffili)

ETYMOLOGY: (“the hill”) (y definite article) (twyn = hill)

:_______________________________.

Twynbedw ‹tuin-BEE-du› [tʊɪnˡbeˑdʊ]
1 street name in Y Porth (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

2 Heol Twynbedw street name in Clydach (county of Abertawe)

ETYMOLOGY: twyn y bedw = ‘hill of the birch trees’ (twyn = hill) + (y definite article) + (bedw = birch trees) (the loss of the linking definite article is common in place names)

:_______________________________.

Twyncarno ‹tuin-KAR-no› [tʊɪnˡkarnɔ]
1 SO1108 locality in Rhymni (county of Caerffili)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘hill of the Carno stream’ (twyn = hill) + (Carno stream name)

:_______________________________.

twyncyn [TUIN-kin] [ˡtʊɪnkɪn] masculine noun
1 hillock
Y Twyncyn (“the hillock”) district in Dinaspowys, county of Bro Morgannwg, South-east Wales

ETYMOLOGY: (twyn = hill) + (-cyn diminuitive suffix)

:_______________________________.

Y Twyn Drysïog ‹ə TUIN drəs-II-og› [ə ˡtʊɪn drəˡsiˑɔg]
1 SO1608 Briery Hill (county of Blaenau Gwent). The English name is a translation of the Welsh name.

ETYMOLOGY: (“the brambly hill”) (y definite article) + (twyn = hill) + (drysïog = brambly, full of bramble bushes)
:_______________________________.

Twyn Ffynhonnau Goerion [TUIN ə fən-HO-nai, -e, GOIR-yon] [ˡtʊɪn ə fənˡhɔnaɪ, -ɛ, ˡgɔɪrjɔn]

1 SO2308 hill west of Blaenafon (Torfaen)

ETYMOLOGY: twyn y ffynhonnau goerion “(the) hill (of) the cold springs”

(twyn = hill) + (y definite article) + (ffynhonnau = springs, plural of ffynnon = spring, well) + (goerion plural form of goer, a local form of oer = cold)

In the Welsh of Gwent a prosthetic g was added to oer (= cold), probably through assuming that the radical form is goer, and that oer is a soft-mutated form of this

Other words in Welsh that have acquired an initial g:

(South Wales) allt (= hill) > gallt

(South Wales) iâr (= hen) > giâr

(North Wales) addo (= to promise) > gaddo

The reverse process is seen in agen (= gap), historically gagen

The local pronunciation of the name (i.e. in the ‘Gwentian’ dialect) would be Twyn Ffynona Goerion

[fə-NO-a] [fəˡnɔna]

:_______________________________.

Twyn Gof ‹tuin GOOV› [tʊɪn ˡgoːv]

1 SO0644 hill in Gwenddwr, Powys

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/669340

ETYMOLOGY: twyn y gof “(the) hill (of) the smith”)

(twyn = hill) + (y definite article) + (gof = smith, blacksmith)

:_______________________________.

Y Twyn Gwyn ‹ə tuin GWIN› [ə tʊɪn ˡgwɪn]

1 Heol y Twyn Gwyn street name in Dinas (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (occurs as “Twyn Gwyn Road”)

ETYMOLOGY: (“the white hill”) (y definite article) + (twyn = hill) + (gwyn = white)

NOTE: Y Twyn Gwyn if it refers to the hill; Y Twyn-gwyn if it refers to a farm named after the hill
:_______________________________.

Twyn-shôn-ifan ‹tuin shoon II-van› [tʊɪn ʃoːn ˡiˑvan]
1 place by Ystradmynach (county of Caerffili)

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill (of) Siôn (the son of) Ifan”; (Shôn or Siôn = John; Ifan also = John). The name in English would be ‘John Evans’

:_______________________________.

Y Twyn Teg ‹ə tuin TEEG› [ə tʊɪn ˡteːg]
1 Twyn-teg street name in Bryn-coch, Castell-nedd

ETYMOLOGY: (“the fair hill”) (y definite article) + (twyn = hill) + (teg = fair)

:_______________________________.

Twyn y Beddau ‹tuin ə BEE-dhai, -dhe› [tʊɪn ə ˡbeˑðaɪ, -ɛ]
1 earthwork in Llanigon (Powys)

A Topographical Dictionary of Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849 (Llanigon, present-day county of Powys):

Of the antiquities with which it is said the parish formerly abounded, there are but very few remains. On the hills are some circular intrenchments; and near the spot where the counties of Brecknock, Hereford, and Monmouth unite, is a large barrow, called Twyn-y-Beddau, or the "mound of the graves," 270 feet in circumference, and 12 feet high, which is supposed to have been raised to commemorate some battle fought here,

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) mound / hill (of) the graves”) (twyn = hill) + (y definite article) + (beddau = graves, plural of bedd = grave)

:_______________________________.

Twynyreglwys ‹tuin ər E-gluis› [tʊɪn ər ˡɛglʊɪs]
1 place in Tregolwyn (Bro Morgannwg)

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) hill (of) the church”) (twyn = hill) + (yr definite article) + (eglwys = church)

:_______________________________.

Twynyreos ‹tuin ər EE-os› [tʊɪn ər ˡeˑɔs] (settlement name)
1 name of a street in Treherbert (Rhondda Cynon Taf), South-east Wales

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) hill (of) the nightingale”) (twyn = hill) + (yr definite article) + (eos = nightingale)

:_______________________________.

Twynyrharris ‹tuin ər HA-ris› [tʊɪn ər ˡharɪs]
1 place in Ystradmynach (county of Caerffili)

ETYMOLOGY: Apparently “(the) hill (of) Harris”; (twyn = hill) + (yr definite article) + (Harris = surname).

The use of the article before an English surname was at one time usual in Welsh, and is found in many place names.

Harris is for “Harri’s (son)”, an English translation of Welsh ‘Harri’ (= (son of) Harri) or ‘ap Harri’ (= son (of) Harri)

:_______________________________.

Twynyrodyn [tuin ər OO-din] [tʊɪn ər ˡoˑdɪn]
1 place-name, south-east Wales (‘hill of the (lime) kiln’)

:_______________________________.

Twyn y Werfa [tuin ə WER-va] [tʊɪn ə ˡwɛrva]

1 a hill by Y Werfa, a mansion in Aber-nant, Aber-dâr (county of Rhondda Cynion Taf)

(English name: Werfa House).

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) hill (of) Y Werfa”)

:_______________________________.

twyrach ‹TUI-rakh› (adverb)
1 (North Wales) perhaps, maybe
Also as twrach ‹TUU-rakh›
See hwyrach

NOTE: Originally hwyrach was nid hwyrach (“not later”)

A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative. John Morris(-)Jones, 1913. Page 437: It is curious that nid hwyrach is generally reduced to hwyrach in the recent period, though it survives ias tw(y)rach in Gwyn. dial. (= Gwynedd dialect)

..1 nid hwyrach > *nitwyrach (d-h > t)

..2 *nitwyrach > twyrach (loss of the pretonic syllable)

..3 twyrach > twrach (reduction of the pretonic diphthing wy > simple vowel w, a feature of other words in Welsh, especially gwybod (= to know) > gwbod)

:_______________________________.

twysgaid “twshged” [TUIS-kaid, TUSH-ked] [ˡtʊɪskaɪd, ˡtʊʃkɛd] (feminine noun)
1 (South) large amount, great quantity
y dwysgaid = the large amount

:_______________________________.

ty [tə] [tə] (possessive determiner)
1 obsolete your (in modern Welsh the soft-mutated form is always used: dy)

2 Found as a prefix in hypochoristic forms of early Welsh names which are preserved in place names

(a) Brïog > Tyfrïog
Llandyfrïog (county of Ceredigion)
[BRII-og, tə-VRII-og, lhan-də-VRII-og] [ˡbriˑɔg, təˡvriˑɔg, ɬandəˡvriˑɔg]

Brïog is a familiar form of Briafael [bri-AA-vail, bri-AA-vel] [brɪ təˡvriɑˑvaɪl, -ɛl]

(b) Cai > Tygái
Llandygái (county of Gwynedd)

[KAI, tə-GAI-og, lhan-də-GAI] [kaɪ, təˡgaɪ, ɬandəˡgaɪ]

(c) Gwynnog > Tywynnog
Llandywynnog (place in the English border county of Hereford)
(gwi-nog, təwi-nog, lhan-də-wi-nog)

[GWƏ-nog, tə-WƏ-nog, lhan-də-WƏ-nog] [ˡgwənɔg, təˡwənɔg, ɬandəˡwənɔg]

(d) Maelog > Tyfaelog
Llandyfaelog:
(one in the county of Caerfyrddin, two in the district of Brycheiniog, in the county of Powys)
(mei-log, tə-vei-log, lhan-də- tə-vei-log)
[MEI-log, tə-VEI-log, lhan-də-VEI-log] [ˡməɪlɔg, təˡvəɪlɔg, ɬandəˡvəɪlɔg]

(e) Sul > Sulio > Silio > Tysilio
Llandysilio (various places with this name)

Addition of a diminutive suffix –io; the i in this syllable causes the change u > i in the previous syllable
[SIIL, SIL-yo, tə-SIL-yo, lhan-də-SIL-yo] [siːl, ˡsɪljɔ, təˡsɪljɔ, ɬandəˡsɪljɔ]
(u formerly a rounded vowel; addition of the suffix –io causes it ot be unrounded, and pronounced as [i])

(f) Sul > Tysul
Llandysul
(one in the county of Ceredigion; another in the district of Maldwyn, in the county of Powys)
[siil, TƏ-sil, lhan-DƏ-sil] [siːl, ˡtəsɪl, ɬandəˡsɪl]
:_______________________________.

tŷ [TII] [tiː] masculine noun
PLURAL tai, teiau [TAI, TEI-ai, -e] [taɪ, ˡtəɪaɪ, -ɛ]

1 house = dwelling for a family, place for living in

cadw yn y tŷ stay at home
caeth i’r tŷ house-bound (“restricted to the house”)
cerdded tai go gossiping from house to house (“walk houses”)

tai gwael poor houses, poor housing

o’ch dewis eich hun by your own choice
Yr oedd, o’i ddewis ei hun, wedi gwrthod rhoi’r gyfraith arno
By his own choice he’d refused to take him to court
glân yn y tŷ (dog, cat, etc) house-trained (“clean in the house”)

gŵr y tŷ the man of the house, the head of the household
hel tai (North Wales) go gossiping from house to house (“gather houses”)

Sant Marc 8:3 Ac os gollyngaf hwynt ymaith ar eu cythlwng i’w teiau eu hunain, hwy a lewygant ar y ffordd: canys rhai ohonynt a ddaeth o bell.

Saint Mark 8:3 Ac os gollyngaf hwynt ymaith ar eu cythlwng i’w teiau eu hunain, hwy a lewygant ar y ffordd: canys rhai ohonynt a ddaeth o bell.

2 house = specific type of dwelling
tŷ boncyffion log house
tŷ bychan small house
tŷ cefngefn back-to-back house, one of a row which shares an access lane with the back of another row of houses
tŷ cowrt courtyard house, a house which shares an internal courtyard
tŷ crwn circular house, round house

tŷ gorsaf station house, railway house (Tŷ’r Orsaf (house name) Station House)
tŷ hir long house, type of Welsh rural dwelling with attached cowhouse under the same roof
tŷ pâr semi-detached house
tŷ sengl detached house (“single house”)
tŷ tanddaearol underground house
tŷ teras terraced house

3 (in certain expressions) public house, tavern; usually as tŷ tafarn
cael glasiad ar draul y tŷ have a drink on the house
gŵr y tŷ the pub landlord

4 (in certain expressions) house = place of entertainment, theatre;
chwaraedy playhouse, theatre;
chwarae o flaen tŷ gwag play to an empty house
“tŷ llawn” full house = the theatre is full; there are no more seats available in the theatre;

5 (tŷ / tai - attributive) household, house;
glo tai house coal (“coal of houses”)
nwyddau tŷ household goods;

6 house = building for worship;
addoldy place of worship
tŷ Duw (qv) the house of God;
tŷ’r Arglwydd the Lord’s house;

7 obsolete monastery
tŷ brodyr a friary, tŷ’r brodyr the friary
Tŷddewi (place name) the monastery of Dewi (“St Davids”)

8 house = building where a legislative assembly meets; also the people who make up this assembly;
Tŷ’r Arglwyddi The House of Lords (in the English Parliament)
Tŷ’r Cyffredin The House of Commons (in the English Parliament)
Tŷ’r Cynrychiolwyr The House of Representatives (in the USA)
yn y Tŷ in Parliament (“in the House”)

9 house = (in the name of a company headquarters, administration, etc; usually a direct translation of an English name)
Tŷ Ffynnon Fair = Ladywell House

10 tŷ merched drwg brothel (“house of bad girls”)

11 cymdeithas tai housing association = non-profit organisation providing rented housing for a community

12 house = subdivision of a school to which pupils are arbitrarily allocated for promoting internal competition in academic work, sports.

13 (Astrology) house = sign in the zodiac where a planet has he greatest influence; any of the twelve divisions of the celestial sphere

14 house = building for certain animals on a farm or in a zoo;
beudy cowhouse (British *bowo-tig-)
tŷ adar or adardy aviary / tŷ’r adar the aviary
tŷ eliffantod elephant house / tŷ’r eliffantod the elephant house
tŷ llewod lion house / tŷ’r llewod the lion house
tŷ mwncïod monkey house / tŷ’r mwncïod the monkey house
tŷ pengwiniaid penguin house / tŷ’r pengwiniaid the penguin house
tŷ ymlusgiaid reptile house / tŷ’r ymlusgiaid the reptile house

15 (North Wales) tai allan (houses + out) farm buildings, out-houses; stables, barns, cowhouses
In South Wales: tai maas or teie maas (from teiau, a double plural form used in parts of the south)

16 tŷ bwgan haunted house

17 in names for a toilet
tŷ bach toilet (general name) (“little house”). Compare Scots wee house [wi: huus] = toilet.
geudy toilet (geu- < gau = false) (Biblical name)
cachdy shit-house (vulgar)

18 used in the names of emporium = retail store with different departments selling a wide range of goods

Usually the name of the store was in English and it indicated the provenance of the merchandise.

The Welsh forms are:
Tŷ Birmingham Birmingham House (a city in midland England)
Tŷ Lerpwl Liverpool House (a city in North-west England)
Tŷ Llundain London House (a city in South-east England)
Tŷ Manceinion Manchester House (a city in North-west England)

19 cath i dy a chi i deulu (“(a) cat for (a) house and (a) dog for (a) family”) (Advice for someone who is thinking of keeping a pet – a cat is loyal to the place where it lives, and a dog to the people who look after it”)

20 cloch tŷ = doorbell; cloch y tŷ = the doorbell
canu cloch y tŷ = ring the doorbell

21 forms many compound nouns in -dy. that is, ty is used as a suffix, with soft mutation caused by a preceding element
..1/ cloch = bell, clochdy = belfry, bell tower
..2/ gafr = goat, gafrdy goat-house
..3/ hwr = whore, hwrdy = whorehouse, brothel, bordello
..4/ modur = car, modurdy = garage
..5/ pan-, stem of pannu = to full; pandy = fulling mill

-ty after b, g, d
..1/ abad = abbot > *abad-dy > abaty = abbey
..2/ brag = malt > brag-dy > bracty (but also bragdy) (= brewery)

22 rhy hwyr edifaru wedi llosgi’r ty it’s no use crying over spilt milk (“(it-is) too late regretting after (the) burning (of) the house”)

23 pen ty roof of a house
llysieuyn pen tai (Semprevivum tectorum) house leek
(“plant (of) top (of) houses”, hung from the rafter) ( llysieuyn = vegetable / plant) + (pen = top) + (tai = houses, plural of tŷ = house)

24 Y Tainewydd “the new houses” place name
As a street name (Tainewydd)
..1/ Brynsiencyn, Llanfairpwllgwyngyll (county of Môn)
..2/ Llanfaelog, Tŷ-croes (county of Môn)
..3/ Talwrn, Llangefni (county of Môn)
..4/ Ynys-y-bŵl (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

Also with the plural form of the adjective newyddion
Tainewyddion – name of streets in
..1/ Llandegla (county of Dinbych)
..2/ Gwytherin (county of Conwy)
..3/ Aberdyfi (county of Gwynedd)
..4/ Rhostryfan (county of Gwynedd)

25 Croesawdy (house name) house of welcome
(croesaw-, stem of creosawu = to welcome) + soft mutation + (tŷ = house)

26 arfdy armoury, arsenal; the place where armour or arms are kept (arf = arm ) + soft mutation + (tŷ = house)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh tŷ < “tigh” < British *tig-os < Celtic *teg-os
< Indo-European *steg- (= to cover)

The plural form tai (= houses) < tei < British *tigja < *tig-esa

A related word in Welsh is to (= roof; thatch)

From the same British root: Breton ti (= house), Cornish chi, earlier ti (= house)
From the same Celtic root: Irish teach (= house), Scottish taigh (= house)

From the same Indo-European root:

..1/ cf Latin tegere (= to cover) > Catalan teula (= roof), toga (= toga), detectar (= to detect), protectar (= to protect)

..2/ cf Greek steg- (= roof) > English stegosaurus (New Latin –saur = lizard) (“roof lizard” - its defensive armour plates resemble roof tiles)

..3/ cf English thatch (= straw or reed roofing)

..4/ cf Dutch > English deck (of a ship)

The Basque word tegi (= house) is probably taken from Gaulish

NOTE: (1) there is a double plural teie (teiau) in the south
(2) A diminutive plural is teios (tai + -os)

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tyaid [TII-aid. -ed] [ˡtiˑaɪd, -ɛd] masculine noun
PLURAL tyeidiau [ti-EID-yai, -e] [tɪˡəɪdjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 houseful

Nhw godson dyad o blant da (South-eastern Welsh);
Codasant dyaid o blant da (Standard Welsh)
They raised a houseful of good children

ETYMOLOGY: (ty = house) + (-aid, suffix = full)

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tyb [TIIB] [tiːb] masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL tybiau [TƏB-yai, -e] [ˡtəbjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 supposition, opinion
y tyb / y dyb = the supposition

2 yn fy nhyb i in my view

3 rhithdyb delusion (“illusion + supposition”)

4 oferdyb wishful thinking (“futile + supposition”)

5 hunan-dyb self-importance

ETYMOLOGY: ??

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tybaco [tə-BA-ko] [təˡbakɔ] (masculine noun)
1 tobacco

2 siop dybaco tobacconist’s
Also: siop faco

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tybed [TƏ-bed] [ˡtəbɛd] (phrase)
1 I wonder

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tybied ‹təb -yed› verb
NOTE: Also tybio
1 suppose, surmise

2 suppose someone to be (a certain person), mistake (a certain person) for someone else

Tybio mai Jac Tŷ-draw oedd Evans y Bont wnaeth e
He thought that Jac (from) Tŷ-draw was Evans (from) Y Bont

3 think, imagine
Yr hen a ŵyr yr ieuanc a dybia (or: ...yr ifanc a dybia)
Old people know, and young people think (they know)

4 think = believe, have the opinion

Nid wyf yn tybied iddo 'ddod dros y peth
I don’t believe he got over the thing (the misfortune)

tybio fel arall think otherwise

5 lled-dybio / lletybio suspect, half suspect (“half think”)

6 drwgdybio suspect (somebody)

ETYMOLOGY: (tyb- < tyb = belief) + (-i-ed suffix for forming verbs)

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tybio ‹təb -yo› verb
1 think, surmise; variant of tybied

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Tŷ Birmingham

1 Birmingham House (Birmingham is a city in the English midlands). In names of emporia (retail stores selling a wide range of goods) in certain Welsh towns the 1800s, where the goods came from Birmingham.

Usually this kind of shop name, indicating the provenance of the merchandise, was in English.

Other names of this type are:
Tŷ Lerpwl Liverpool House (Liverpool is a city in north-west England)

Tŷ Llundain London House.
Tŷ Manceinion Manchester House (Manchester is a city in north-west England)

There is a Birmingham House in Dolgellau according to the 1891 Census: and a Google search (2008-10-04) reveals one in Machynlleth and one in Llan-non (Ceredigion)
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tŷ bwyta, tai bwyta ‹tii BUI ta, tai BUI ta› (masculine noun)
1 restaurant

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tŷ bwyta Eidalaidd ‹ti BUI ta ei DA ledh› (masculine noun)
1 Italian restaurant

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tŷ bwyta Ffrengig ‹ti BUI ta FRE ngig› (masculine noun)
1 French restaurant

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tŷ bwyta Groeg ‹ti BUI ta GROIG› (masculine noun)
1 Greek restaurant

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tŷ bwyta Indiaidd ‹ti BUI ta iin DI edh› (masculine noun)
1 Indian restaurant

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tŷ bwyta Tsheineaidd ‹ti BUI ta chei NE edh› (masculine noun)
1 Chinese restaurant

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tŷ caeth ‹tii kâith› masculine noun
PLURAL tai caeth ‹tai kâith›
1 tied house, tied cottage; a house belonging to a worker’s employer (usually a farmworker living in a house owned by the farmer) which must be vacated if the employee loses the work or retires (“captive house”)

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y Tŷ-coch ‹tii kookh› masculine noun
1 house name, place name (“the red house”)

(1) (Caer-dydd) (lost name). A house between Tre-lai and Caerau. According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911): “TY-COCH (red house) A farm between Ely and Caerau.”
Survives in the street name “Heol y Tŷ-coch” in Tre-lai (or at least “Ty-Coch Road” officially) and three street names in English with ‘Red House’

(2) (Caer-dydd) (lost name) John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911): “TY-COCH (red house) An ancient building opposite Cardiff Castle, later the Cardiff Arms inn.”

(3) ST2993 (house name) locality on the south side of Cwm-brân (county of Torfaen)

(4) a district of Abertawe, where there is also a road Heol Tŷ-coch

(5) street name in Rhymni (county of Caerffili)

(6) farm west of Rhiwderin (county of Casnewydd); in the village is Clos Tŷ-coch (or at least officially “Ty-Coch Close”)

NOTE: House names / farmhouse names strictly speaking should be written as one word, as with other habitation names (villages and towns) (Tŷ-coch) but often house names with tŷ are spelt with the elements separated (Tŷ Coch)

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ty cyngor, tai cyngor ‹ti KƏ ngor, tai KƏ ngor› (masculine noun)
1 council house

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tydach chi ddim (tyda’ chi ddim) ‹tə da khi DHIM› (verb)
1 you’re not (North-west)

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tydan nhw ddim (tyda’ nhw ddim) ‹tə da ni DHIM› (verb)
1 they’re not (North-west)

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tydan ni ddim (tyda’ ni ddim) ‹tə da ni DHIM› (verb)
1 we’re not (North-west)

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Tyddewi ‹tii- dheu -i›
1 (SM7525) locality in the county of Penfro, south-west Wales, where there is the cathedral of Saint David; centre of the south-western diocese of Wales
English name: Saint Davids

2 a parish at this place

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) house (of) David”, the monastery of David), (ty = house) + soft mutation + (Dewi = David)

C:\Users\Usuario\Documents\Datos de programa\Microsoft\Word\ffotos.htm:_______________________________.

tyddyn, tyddynod ‹ TƏ-dhin, tə-DHƏ-nod ›
1 small farmstead

2 tribal homestead

“The rural landscape in the tribal areas was largely open pasture or common woodland, but enclosures around the tyddynod or tribal homesteads gradually increased in number...” p.15 / The Common Fields of the Coastlands of Gwent / Dorothy Silvester / The Agricultural History Review (published by the British Agricultural History Society) / Vol. VI, Part I / 1958


ETYMOLOGY: (ty^ = house) + soft mutation + (din = fort) > *tyddin > tyddyn

In place names often as tyn / ty’n < ty’yn < tyddyn

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tydech chi ddim (tyde’ chi ddim) ‹tə de khi DHIM› (verb)
1 you’re not (North-east)

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tyden nhw ddim (tyde’ nhw ddim) ‹tə da khi DHIM› (verb)
1 they’re not

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tyden ni ddim (tyde’ ni ddim) ‹tə de ni DHIM› (verb)
1 they’re not (North-east)

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Tydrath ‹tə -drath›
1 local form of the name Trefdraeth (county of Penfro)

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tydwi ddim ‹tə du i DHIM› (verb)
1 I’m not (North)

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Y Ty-du ‹ə tii-DII›
1 SO3812 A farm near Llan-arth, Mywy
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=191156 map

2 ST2887 A village (English name: Rogerstone) in the county of Casnewydd ar Wysg
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1145058 map

ETYMOLOGY: “the black house” (y definite article) + (ty = house) + (du = black)

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tydy hi ddim ‹tə di hi DHIM› (verb)
1 she’s not (North)

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tydyn nhw ddim (tydi’ nhw ddim) ‹tə di nu DHIM› (verb)
1 they’re not (North)

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tydy o ddim ‹tə da o DHIM› (verb)
1 he’s not (North)

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Tyfodwg ‹tə-vô-dug› masculine noun
1 name of a saint of the Celtic Church. One of the three saints to whom the church at Llantrisant is dedicated (llan y tri sant - (the) church (of) the three saints - Illtud, Gwynno and Tyfodwg)

Place names with Tyfodwg:

(1) Llysdyfodwg
(“Tyfodwg court”)
(llys = court) + soft mutation + (Tyfodwg)
Street name in Tonysguboriau by Llantrisant

(the village of Tonysguboriau is called Talbot Green by the English)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=164190 Tonysguboriau

(2) Llandyfodwg (“(the) church (of) Tyfodwg”)
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Tyfodwg)
SS9587 church in the village of Glynogwr (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/475342 Eglwys Tyfodwg

(3) Ystrad-dyfodwg ‹ə-strad də- vô-dug›
(“(the) valley (of) Tyfodwg”) (ystrad = valley) + soft mutation + (Tyfodwg)
ST0177 village in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf
Also written Ystradyfodwg (which better reflects the pronunciation, but obscures the sense).

Ystradyfodwg was the extensive parish covering the upland region where the two Rhondda rivers are situated, and from 1887 to 1897 was the name of the local government body . The name was changed, perhaps for brevity, to Rhondda, after the name of the river, in 1897 (with the removal of the Y Rugos section at the top of the parish, and the addition of parts of the parishes of Llanwynno and Llantrisant at the bottom end of the parish).

... (delwedd 7637b)

..................................(delwedd 7638b)

(delwedd 7636)

(4) There is a “Dyfodwg Street” in Treorci (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) though the name in English name would be more correctly “Tyfodwg Street”, since the soft mutation is out of place. The Welsh form would be Heol Tyfodwg. However Heol Dyfodwg is also a possibility, though unusual in modern Welsh, with the saint’s name soft-mutated to Dyfodwg after a feminine singular noun, as in Llandyfodwg

The name seems to have occurred through taking Ystrad-dyfodwg to be “ystrad Dyfodwg”, (the) valley (of) Dyfodwg, without realising that it is a soft-mutated form and not a radical form.

Soft-mutation after ystrad is unusual (in the neighbouring Rhymni valley there is Ystradmynach, with no soft mutation). But on the western edge of the south-eastern area there are a couple of names with soft mutation - Ystradfellte (< Mellte), and Ystradgynlais (< Cynlais).

ETYMOLOGY: ??

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y Tŷ-fry ‹ə tii vrii›
South-east Wales
1 house name
...(a) farm in Sain Siorys (Bro Morgannwg)

2 street name

..a/ Aber-dâr SO0002 (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

..b/ Porthtywyn / Burry Port (Caerfyrddin) (misspelt as “Ty Fri”)

ETYMOLOGY: “the high house” (ty = house) + (fry = (adverb) up above)

This is *bry, a form of bre = hill, with soft mutation to denote adverbial function.

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tyfiant, tyfiannau ‹TƏV yant, təv YA ne› (masculine noun)
1 growth
2 growth (of vegetation)

3 growth = tumour
Also ardyfiant growth, excrescence = protruberance; outgrowth on a part of the body or an organ of the body
(ar = on) + soft mutation + (tyfiant = growth)

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tyfu ‹TƏ vi› (verb)
1 grow

2 Dyw’r garreg sy’n twmlo’n tyfu dim mwsog A rolling stone gathers no moss (“the stone that tumbles grows no moss”)

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Tŷ-glas ‹tii-GLAAS› (masculine noun)
1 place-name - blue house

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ty gwydr, tai gwydr ‹tii GWI dir, tai GWI dir› (masculine noun)
1 greenhouse (“house (of) glass”)

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Y Tŷ-gwyn ‹tii gwin› masculine noun
1 house name, place name (“the white house”, whitewashed house)

2 (Caer-dydd) (lost name) According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911): “Whitehouse, The Welsh ‘Ty Gwyn’. A farmhouse which stood near the right bank of the river Taff, on the south side of Cowbridge Road, a little west of Lower Cathedral Road.”

Nant y Tŷ-gwyn – a brook by this house
“The Whitehouse Brook took its name from this house, near which it flowed into the Taff after pursuing its course along the west side of Cathedral Road. The brook was condemned as a nuisance and filled in (1874). “Whitehouse Ditch” was the later name which marked its degradation. In Welsh the brook was called Nant-y-ty-gwyn. Some traces of it remained until 1895. It was the boundary between the parishes of Cardiff and Llandaff.”

Pont y Tŷ-gwyn – the probable Welsh name of “Whitehouse Bridge” (assuming that the English name is a translation of the Welsh name, as is most likely), a bridge by this house.

“A stone across this brook, opposite Pontcanna Cottages, was dignified with the title of Whitehouse Bridge (1862). Brook Street, Canton, is near the confluence of this stream with the river.”

3 Y Tŷ Gwyn the White House, residence of the president of the United States in Washington D.C.

4 Allt-tŷ-gwyn (hill of Tŷ-gwyn) street name in Rhosllannerchrugog (county of Wrecsam). English name: Vinegar Hill

NOTE: House names / farmhouse names strictly speaking should be written as one word, as with other habitation names (villages and towns) (Tŷ-gwyn) but often house names with tŷ are spelt with the elements separated (Tŷ Gwyn)

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tŷ haf ‹tii haav› masculine noun
PLURAL tai haf ‹tai haav›
1 holiday home, holiday cottage (USA: cottage = summer residence)
ardaloedd tai haf holiday home areas

ETYMOLOGY: ‘house (of) summer”, summer house (tŷ = house) + (haf = summer)

NOTE: (North Wales) ty ha ‹tii haa›, with the loss of the final ‹v›, typical in the north with monosyllabic words ending in ‹v›

Hence the ironic slogan “Ta-ta Tai Ha” to be seen at one time in North Wales (on T-shirts) (1970s) when foreigners’ holiday homes in the Welsh-speaking areas were being torched – “bye-bye holiday homes”. Ta-ta is from English ta-ta (= goodbye, farewell), used sometimtes in Welsh.

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Tŷisaf ‹tii I-sav› masculine noun

1 (the) lower house

yn y Tyîsaf in Tyîsaf

In spoken Welsh (and sometimes as a written name) the [v] is lost

Ty^isa

In South Wales s > sh, thus Ty^isha

An example of Ty^isha written as Ty^sha (or Tysha):

General Remarks on Ragland Castle (In: Monmouthshire: Historical and descriptive accounts of the ancient and present state of Ragland Castle. Charles Heath, Momouth. 1806.

I am of the opinion that, independent of the farms now occupied by my friend Mr. Chambers, and Mr. Thomas Daniel (which form near 600l. per annum), the following estates were included in them, viz. The Lower Argoed, Mr. Edwar Jeffereies. The Tysha, Mr. James Powell...

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tyla ‹tə -la› masculine noun
1 South-east Wales form of tyle = hill. In south-east Wales a final -e becomes –a

(1) Tyla-gwyn, (“white hill”) farm in the county of Bro Morgannwg, over the river Ewenni from the village of Pen-coed (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

(2) Tyla-gwyn, (“white hill”), street name in Penpedairheol (county of Caerffili)

(3) Tyla-gwyn, (“white hill”), street name in Nantgarw (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

(4) Tyla-glas, (“green hill”), street name in Parcwatfford (county of Caerffili)

(5) Tyla-coch, (“red hill”), street name in Llanharri (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

(6) Tyla-teg, (“fair / bonny hill”), street name in Pant-mawr (county of Caerdydd)

(7) Heol Tylacelyn, (Tylacelyn road) (“hill (of) (the) holly bushes”), street name in Tonypandy (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

ETYMOLOGY: See tyle

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tylciau ‹TƏLK ye› (plural noun)
(PLURAL form)
1 See: twlc ‹TULK› = pig pen (England: pig sty)

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tyle ‹tə-le› masculine noun
PLURAL tyleau ‹tə- lê -e›
1 especially south-east Wales: hillside, slope; hill

Common element in place names of south-east Wales.

Since in most of the south-east a final -e becomes -a, the usual form in the region where this change occurs is tyla, plural tylea (= tylee / tyleau).

Many place names have tyla, but since the convention is to use the standard form of a word in the spelling of a place name, there are many instances of tyle where in fact the local pronunciation is (or was) tyla

(1) Tylegarw, (“rough hill”) name of a road near Pont-y-clun (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

(2) Tyle-glas, (“green hill”) street name in Y Pil (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

(3) Tyle-teg, (“fair / bonny hill”)

..a/ street name in Clydach (county of Abertawe);
..b/ street name in Porthtywyn / Burry Port (Caerfyrddin)

(4) Tylemali, (“hill (of) Mali (= Mary)”) street name in Llyswyrny (county of Bro Morgannwg)

2 south-east Wales: hillside path, steep road

3 obsolete (feminine noun) couch

y dyle the couch

ETYMOLOGY: The Irish word tulach (= hillock) is possibly from the same Celtic root:
Note: in south-east Wales tila

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Y Tyleheulog ‹tə-le-HEI-log›
1 SO0840 Farm by Crucadarn, Brycheiniog, Powys (on map as “Tyleheulog”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/559572 map

ETYMOLOGY: y tyle heulog “the sunny hill”
(y definite article) + (tyle = hill) + (heulog = sunny).

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Tyleri ‹tə LEE ri› (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name

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Tyllgoed, Y ‹TƏLH-goid› (masculine noun)
1 place name, probably “broken woodland, wood with clearings”

..a/ ST1377 District of Caer-dydd. English name: Fairwater.

The local form was Twllgod - [u] instead of [y] in the penult – a typical colloquial feature in the south; reduction of the diphthong oe > o in the final syllable – a typical feature of colloquial Welsh throughout Wales)

..b/ ST2794 a wood in Cwm-brân, according to the website Coed Lleol

http://www.coedlleol.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=721%3AST277949&catid=47%3Asouth-torfaen-cwmbran&Itemid=77&lang=cy

However, this seems to be a supposed translation of the English name Fairwater – since the Tyllgoed in Caer-dydd is called Fairwater by the English, it has been presumed that the Fairwater in Cwm-brân must be Y Tyllgoed in Welsh!

..c/ SD5350 Tulketh, a district of Preston, Lancashire, is from an Old Welsh name apparently equivalent to modern Welsh Tyllgoed

ETYMOLOGY: (tyll- penult form of twll = hole) + soft mutation + (coed = wood).

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tylino ‹tə LII no› (v)
1 knead

2 massage

parlwr tylino massage parlour; usually in fact such a place is a brothel
A calque on English “massage parlour” (palwr = parlour) + (tylino = to knead (dough); to massage)

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tylluan, tylluanod ‹tə LHII an, tə lhi AA nod› (feminine noun)
1 owl
y dylluan = the owl

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tylwyth, tylwythau ‹TƏ luith, tə LUI the› (masculine noun)
1 family

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tylwythen deg, tylwyth teg ‹təl-UI-then DEEG, tə-luith TEEG› (feminine noun)
1 fairy
y dylwythen deg the fairy
tylwythen deg y goeden Nadolig ‹təl-UI-then DEEG ə GOI-den na-DOO-lig› Christmas tree fairy

2 (obsolete) gorsedd y Tylwyth Teg fairy mound

3 clychau’r tylwyth teg (Erinus alpinus) fairy foxglove (“(the) bells (of) the fairies”)

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y Ty-mawr ‹tii-MAUR› masculine noun
1 farm name

According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911), referring to a house in Y Rhath (Roath), Caer-dydd (Cardiff):

“LLYS-DU (the black court.) Also called Ty-mawr, Great House. A picturesque old house adjoining Roath churchyard on the south-east, between it and Cwrt-bach.”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/search.php?i=4957650

..b/ farm by Afon Gwy, near Dôl-fach, Powys

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=246102 map

ETYMOLOGY: y tŷ mawr the home farm, literally “the big house / the great house”

(y definite article) + (tŷ = house) + (mawr = slope, hillside).

The introductory definite article is usually omitted in place names (maps and signs, etc)

NOTE: In areas where English has ousted the Welsh language, the name is sometimes found translated as Great House

……………………….

..a/ farm SO3311 north of Penpergwm, county of Mynwy (“Great House”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO3311

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..b/ farm ST4699 north-east of Drenewydd Gelli-farch / Wolvesnewton, county of Mynwy (“Great House”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=179448

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..c/ SO3720 Farmhouse east of Llangatwg Lingoed, county of Mynwy (“Great House”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=198357

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..d/ SO3017 Farmhouse at Llandeilo Bertholau, county of Mynwy (“Great House”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=195664


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..e/ SO0944 Farmhouse at Llandeilo Graban county of Powys (“Great Ho” on the Ordnance Survey map)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=219985
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..e/ SO3900 Farmhouse in Llangyfiw (county of Mynwy) (“Great Ho” on the Ordnance Survey map)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=180355 map

f/ Llan-lyr (Sir Faesyfed / Powys)

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tymer, tymherau ‹TƏ mer, tə MHE re› (feminine noun)
1 temperament, temper
y dymer = the temper

2 colli tymer ‹ko lhi TƏ mer› (verb)
lose one’s temper

Ewch o’ ’ma cyn y colla i ’nhymer
Go way from here before I lose my temper

mewn tymer ofnadwy (miwn tymer ofnadw) in a terrible temper

hwrdd o dymer fit of temper
ffrwydrad o dymer fit of temper
pwl o dymer fit of temper

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tymestl, tymhestloedd ‹TƏ mes təl, tə MHEST loidh› (feminine noun)
1 tempest, storm
y demhestl the storm

:_______________________________.

tymherau ‹tə MHEE re›
(PLURAL form)
1 See: tymer ‹TƏ-mer› temper

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tymheredd ‹tə MHEE redh› (masculine noun)
1 temperature

tymheredd uchel a high temperature
tymheredd isel a low temperature

tymheredd dros 37.5°C (tri-deg saith pwynt pump gradd Celsiws) a temperature over 37.5°C
pan fo’r tymheredd yn disgyn islaw 5°C (pum gradd Celsiws) when the temperature falls / drops below 5ºC

pan fo'r tymheredd yn disgyn yn is na 5 ºC when the temperature falls / drops below 5ºC

y tymheredd yn codi the temperature rising

codi tymheredd (rhywbeth) raise the temperature (of something)

gostwng tymheredd (rhywbeth) lower the temperature (of something)

:_______________________________.

tymhestloedd ‹tə MHEST lodh› (plural noun)
(PLURAL form)
1 See: tymestl = tempest

:_______________________________.

tymhorau ‹tə MHOO re› (plural noun)
(PLURAL form)
1 See: tymor ‹TƏ-mor› = season

:_______________________________.

tymor, tymhorau ‹TƏ mor, tə MHOO re› (masculine noun)
1 season

2 prison term
bwrw eich tymor yn y carchar do time, serve out your sentence in prison (“spend your season in the prison”)

3 gosod ychydig o’r neilltu ar gyfer tymor glawog save a little for a rainy day (“put a bit aside for a rainy season”)

4 tymor seneddol parliamentary term, the life of a parliament between general elections

:_______________________________.

tymp ‹TƏMP› (masculine noun)
1 gestation

:_______________________________.

-tyn ‹ tin ›
1 -d + dyn (= man) -d-ddyn > -tyn
tlawd (adjective = poor) + dyn > tlod-ddyn > tlotyn poor man, pauper
diniwed (adjective = innocent, naïve) + dyn > diniweid-ddyn > diniweityn innocent man, naïve man

:_______________________________.

tyndro, tyndroeon ‹TƏN dro, tən DROI on› (masculine noun)
1 adjustable spanner
2 tyndro soced ‹tən dro SO ked› fixed spanner

:_______________________________.

tyner ‹TƏ ner› (adjective)
1 tender

:_______________________________.

tynerwch ‹tə-NEE-rukh› (masculine noun)
1 tenderness

:_______________________________.

tynhau ‹tən-HAI› (verb)
1 tighten

Clywai y bysedd meinion yn tynhau am ei llaw
She felt the slim fingers tightening around her hand

:_______________________________.

tymp ‹TƏMP› (masculine noun)
1 gestation

:_______________________________.

ty’n ‹TIN› (masculine noun)
1 (place names) reduced form of tyddyn = smallholding, farm

Ty’n-yr-ardd (qv)

:_______________________________.

Tynllechwedd ‹tin-LHECH-wedh› masculine noun
1 farm west of Gwyddelwern, county of Dinbych

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ0646

ETYMOLOGY: tyn llechwedd < tyn y llechwedd “(the) smallholding (on) the slope” (tyn = farm, smallholding) + (y definite article) + (llechwedd = slope, hillside). The linking definite article is often omitted in place names.

See also Tynyllewchwedd, with the definite article
:_______________________________.

Tŷ-ni ‹tii NII› masculine noun
1 common house name

..a/ house in Bangor (Gwynedd)

ETYMOLOGY: ein tŷ ni “our house (of) us”, “our house”

(ein / yn = our) + (tŷ = house) + (ni = (of) us)

The possessive determiner ein has been omitted

NOTE: The literary form of ‘our house’ is ein tŷ.

The colloquial form has a suffixed pronoun yn tŷ ni

(our is historically yn, and this is still in use colloquially; the written language has ein, showing the influece of Latin eius (= his), and so spelt in the 1620 Bible, mainly as an orthographic convention to distinguish yn (= our) from yn (preposition = in), and yn (predicate marker or adverb marker)
:_______________________________.

tynn / tyn ‹TIN› (adjective)
1 tight

dal y slac yn dynn have a cushy job (“hold the slack ‹a loose rope› tight”)
2 llawdyn mean, stingy (llaw = hand ) + soft mutation + ( tyn = narrow)

:_______________________________.

tyngu ‹TƏ-ngi› (verb)
1 swear

2 tyngu yn anudon swear falsely, commit perjury

Lefiticus 6:3 Neu os cafodd beth gwedi ei golli, a dywedyd celwydd amdano, neu dyngu yn anudon; am ddim o'r holl bethau a wnelo dyn, gan bechu ynddynt:
Leviticus 6:3 Or have found that which was lost, and lieth concerning it, and sweareth falsely; in any of all these that a man doeth, sinning therein:

:_______________________________.

Tynllechwedd ‹tin-LHECH-wedh› masculine noun
1 a long house in the dispersed village of Pant-mawr, Powys

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=253308 map

ETYMOLOGY: tyn y llechwedd “(the) smallholding (on) the slope”

(tyn = farm, smallholding) + (y definite article) + (llechwedd = slope, hillside).

See also Tynllechwedd (without the definite article y)

:_______________________________.

tynnu ‹TƏ ni› (verb)
1 pull

2 dirdynnu (1) torture, torment (2) contort
(dir- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (tynnu = pull)
Roedd ei wyneb wedi ei ddirdynnu gan boen His face was contorted with pain

3 tynnu am (age) be getting on for
Mae e’n tynnu am ei hanner cant He’s getting on for fifty

4 tynnu’r dŵr o’ch llygaid make your eyes water (“draw water from your eyes”)
Roedd y mwg yn tynnu’r dŵr o’n llygaid The smoke was making my eyes water

5 Nid hawdd tynnu mêl o faen You can’t get blood out of a stone (“it is not easy to get / draw honey from a stone”)

6 tynnu’ch esgidiau take your shoes off

7 tynnu sylw rhywun attract somebody’s attention
gwneud rhywbeth fel ag i dynnu sylw pawb do something (so as) to draw everyone’s attention

8 (clothes) tynnu... oddi am = take off
Also simply tynnu
tynnu’ch esgidiau take your shoes off
tynnu’r wenwisg oddiam offeirad defrock a priest, expel a priest from the priesthood (“pull / remove the surplice from around the priest”)

9 tynnu ar y tennyn strain at the leash

10 tynnu’ch clustiau pull your ears
(South-west) Mae e’n tynnu ’nghlustiau He gets on my nerves, He gets up my nose, He gets on my tits (“he pulls my ears”)

10 tynnu at ben talar be nearly completed (“draw to the end of headland” ‹of a ploughed field›”)

11 tynnu enw rhywun oddi ar restr take somebody’s name off a list, remove somebody’s name from a list

12 gwrthdynnu distract
(gwrth- = contra, against ) + soft mutation + ( tynnu = pull)
gwrthdynnu sylw distract attention

13 tynnu ar tease; pick on sb, get at sb, rag sb, make fun of sb, mock sb
Bu’r genod eraill yn tynnu arni’n ddidrugaredd nes yr oedd hi yn ei dagrau
The other girls teased her remorselessly until she was in tears

Arferai Ifan yrru’r bws ysgol i Benmachno. Byddem yn tynnu arno o gefn y bws nes y byddai wedi gwylltio’n gacwn. Ifan used to drive the school bus to Penmachno. We’d mock him from the back of the bus until he was hopping mad

14 tynnu sylw (rhywun) attract somebody’s attention
gwneud rhywbeth fel ag i dynnu sylw pawb do something (so as) to draw everyone’s attention

15 tynnu sylw (rhywun) at (rywbeth) draw someone’s attention to (something)

16 tynnu tua’r terfyn draw to a close (in a speech)
Rhaid i mi dynnu tua’r terfyn, rhag eich blino â gormod o ffeithiau I have to draw to a close for fearing of tiring you with too many facts

:_______________________________.

tynnu at ‹tə-ni at› verb
1 (age, time, etc) be getting on for, be almost
Tynnu at bedair oed oeddwn i ar y pryd I was nearly four at the time

Roedd yn tynnu at yr hwyr It was getting on for evening

tynnu at eich terfyn come to an end

Roedd y dydd yn tynnu at ei derfyn the day was drawing to its close

2 tynnu at ben talar be nearly completed (“draw to the end of headland” ) (i.e. of a ploughed field)

3 tynnu ato / ati = shrink; (length of period of daylight) get shorter

Mae'r dyddiau'n tynnu atyn The days are getting shorter

Y mae hyn yn sicrhau na wna'r crwst fydd ar yr wyneb ddim tynnu ato
This ensures that the crust on top won’t shrink

ETYMOLOGY: (tynnu = pull) + (at = to)

:_______________________________.

tynnu ati ‹tə ni A ti› (verb)
1 shrink

:_______________________________.

tynnu coes (rhywun) ‹TƏ ni KOIS rhiu in› (verb)
1 pull someone’s leg, take the piss

:_______________________________.

tynnu dillad ‹TƏ ni DI lhad› (verb)
1 take off one’s clothes

:_______________________________.

tynnu dŵr o’ch ddannedd ‹to-ni duur ookh da -nedh›
1 make your mouth water

Roedd arogleuon y madarch yn ffrïo yn tynnu dŵr o ’nannedd
The smell of the mushrooms frying was making my mouth water

ETYMOLOGY: (“draw water from your teeth”) (tynnu = draw) + (dŵr = water) + (o’ch = from your) + (dannedd = teeth, plural of dant = tooth)

:_______________________________.

tynnu dŵr o’ch llygaid ‹to-ni duur ookh lhə -ged›
1 make (your) eyes water

Roedd y mwg yn tynnu dŵr o’n llyged The smoke was making my eyes water

Bu’r yr awel yn brathu nes tynnu dŵr o'm llygaid i The wind was so sharp it made my eyes water (“the wind bit until it drew water from my eyes”)

ETYMOLOGY: (“draw water from your eyes”) (tynnu = draw) + (dŵr = water) + (o’ch = from your) + (llygaid = eyes, plural of llygad = eye)

:_______________________________.

tynnu yn bedwar aelod a phen ‹tə-ni ən bed-war ei-lod a fen›
1 tynnu (rhywun) yn bedwar aelod a phen tear (someone) from limb to limb

2 reprimand severely

ETYMOLOGY: “pull [off] [in the form of] four limbs and (a) head”

(tynnu = pull) + (yn = linkword) + soft mutation + (pedwar = four) + (aelod = limb, member) + (a = an) + aspirate mutation + (pen = head)

:_______________________________.

tynnu yn groes ‹tə –ni ən grois› verb
1 be awkward, be contrary

er mwyn tynnu’n groes i bawb just to be difficult, for the sake of being difficult, just to be different from everybody else, just to annoy everybody by disagreeing

:_______________________________.

tynnwr lluniau, tynwr lluniau ‹TƏ nur LHIN ye, TƏN wir LHIN ye› (masculine noun)
1 photographer

:_______________________________.

tyno ‹TƏ no› (masculine noun)
1 meadow

See Tynohelyg below

:_______________________________.

Tyno Helig ‹tə no HE lig›
1 According to tradition, a kingdom occupying a tract of land seven miles by ten which lies under the sea between Y Gogarth (Llandudno) and Penmon and Llan-faes in Ynys Môn (Isle of Anglesey).

The sea is said to have flooded the land some time before 660 AD.

The ruler of the kingdom was said to be Helig ap Glannawg, who dwelt in Llys Helig.

See “Chwedl Tyno Helig”, Eirlys Gruffydd, Llafar Gwlad Rhif 25 (Haf 1989)

ETYMOLOGY: “tyno Helig” “(the) meadow (of) Helig)”
(tyno = meadow) + (Helig, said to be Helig [ap Glannawg]).


(delwedd 7522)

:_______________________________.

Tyn-rhos ‹tin- hroos›
1 place name ‘moorland farm’

2 In Wisconsin, there is “Tyn Rhos Church” 385113N 0822447W and “Tyn Rhos Cemetery” 385114N 0822445W
(Tyn Rhos Congregational Church, Tyn Rhos Road, Perry township. Chapel founded in the year 1838)

ETYMOLOGY: “tyddyn y rhos” (tyddyn = smallholding, farm; the short form tyn is found in place names) + (definite article y) + (rhos = moorland).

In place names, this linking definite article is often lost. Hence Tyn-y-rhos > Tyn-rhos. See also this full form Tyn-y-rhos

:_______________________________.

Tyn-y-clwt ‹tin-ə-klut›
1 house in Bangor (Gwynedd) (“Tyn-y-clwt”)

ETYMOLOGY: tyn y clwt “(the) smallholding (of) the patch of land”

(tyn < tyddyn = smallholding) + (y = definite article) + (clwt = small piece of ground, patch of land)

NOTE: In place names, this linking definite article is often lost – in the name of the house it has been retianed or restored – Tyn-y-clwt – but in the name of the road it is absent - Tyn-clwt

:_______________________________.

Tynycoetgae ‹tin-ə-koi-ka›
1 place in Cefncoedycymer (county of Merthyrtudful)

2 ST1988 place in Machen (county of Caerffili), 2km south west of the village

ETYMOLOGY: (the) smallholding (of) the ‘coetgae’ ;

(tyn < tyddyn = smallholding) + (y = definite article) + (coetgae = field; pasture on high ground)

:_______________________________.

Tynydomen ‹ tin-ə- do -men›
1 SJ 012107
Locality at Llangadfan (county of Powys) on the road from Y Trallwng to Mallwyd
English name: Cann Office

ETYMOLOGY: “tyddyn y domen” (“(the) smallholding (of) the castle mound”).

Nowadays it is an inn; in the back garden there is a mound which is the remnant of a motte and bailey castle constructed in the twelfth century

:_______________________________.

Ty’n-yr-ardd ‹tin-ə-RARDH›

ETYMOLOGY: ‘garden cottage’ “tyddyn yr ardd” (tyddyn = smallholding, farm; short form in place names tyn) + (definite article yr) + (soft mutation) + (gardd = moorland).

Even in the busiest part of Queen Street [in Cardiff] (or Crockherbtown, as I prefer to call it) there is a house rejoicing in the good Welsh name Ty’n-yr-ardd. There is still a garden at the back, on the east side of Charles street, but the house was long since made into a shop. The hounds used to meet in front of that house fifty years ago.

Reports and Transactions of the Cardiff Naturalists' Society. Vol. XXXIII. 1900-1901.

The Placenames of the Cardiff District. John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw).

_________________________.

Tyn-y-rhos ‹tin-ə- hroos›
1 farm name
Place in the district of Maldwyn (county of Powys) Here there is a stream, Nant Tŷn-y-rhos (“(the) stream (of) Ty’n-y-rhos (farm)”) which flows into the Iaen river at Talerddig (SH9200)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘moorland farm’ “tyddyn y rhos” (tyddyn = smallholding, farm; short form in place names tyn) + (definite article y) + (rhos = moorland). In place names, this linking definite article is often lost.

NOTE: See also Tyn-rhos

:_______________________________.

Y Tŷ-poeth ‹tii POIITH›
1 place-name

ETYMOLOGY: ‘the burnt house’
(definite article y) + (ty^ = house) + (poeth = burnt).


:_______________________________.

tŷ pridd ‹tii- priidh› masculine noun
1 clom house, literally “earthern house” = house of blocks of clay and straw

2 Pont-tŷ-pridd (= pont y ty pridd) (“(the) bridge (by) the earthern house”).

Name of a town in the county of Rhondda Cynon Taf in south-east Wales.

:_______________________________.

tyr ‹tir ›
1 form of the third person singular present-future of torri (= to break)
(literary form; the colloquial form is torriff or torrith)

Angen a dyr ddeddf
Necessity no knows law , when a person is in dire need he or she will break the law to survive (“(it is) need which breaks law”)

Dyfal donc a dyr y garreg
Bit by bit does it, persistence pays off (“(it is) (a) constant knock that will-break the stone”)

:_______________________________.

tyrau ‹TƏ re› (plural noun)
(PLURAL form)
1 See: tŵr ‹TUUR› (= tower)

:_______________________________.

tyrchod ‹TƏR khod› (plural noun)
(plural form)
1 See: twrch (= boar)

:_______________________________.

tyrd ‹TIRD› (verb)
1 (North Wales) come

ETYMOLOGY: tyrd / tyr’d ‹TIRD› < tyred ‹TƏ red›

Cf A similar reduction to a single syllable, where a penult ‹Ə› becomes ‹I›

mynd, myn’d < myned (= to go)

Other reductions to a single syllable through the collapsing of a final syllable or loss of an intermediate consonant :

dod < dy’od < dyfod (= to come)

gweld, gwel’d < gweled (= to see)

cael < caffael (= to get)

NOTE: tyrd can be heard further reduced to ty’d ‹TID›, with the loss of the ‘r’

:_______________________________.

tyred ‹TƏ red› (verb)
1 come (North)

:_______________________________.

tyrfa, tyrfaoedd ‹TƏR va, tər Va odh› (feminine noun)
1 crowd
y dyrfa the crowd

:_______________________________.

tyrpant ‹TƏR pant› (masculine noun)
1 turpentine, turps

:_______________________________.

tyrpeg ‹tər -peg› masculine noun
1 turnpike = a gate across a road to prevent passage until a toll has been paid. (Originally a horizontal turnstile made with four horizontal pikes or arms revolving on the top of a post)

iet dyrpeg or iet dwrpeg turnpike gate

2 heol dyrpeg, heolydd tyrpeg turnpike road = a road where tolls are demanded at a turnpike gate

3 main road (which is a former turnpike road)
Rhaid troi o’r tyrpeg ym mhentref Glanrafon, a mynd i fyny ffordd drol
You have to turn off the main road in Glanrafon and go up a cart track

ETYMOLOGY: English turnpike (= barrier or gate on a road where a toll is levied) < turnpike (= revolving post with pikes) (turn + pike)

NOTE: Also:
..1/ trampeg ‹tram-peg›,
..2/ trwmpeg ‹trum-peg›,
..3/ trympeg ‹trəm-peg›,
..4/ twrpeg ‹tur-peg›

The Treatment of English Borrowed Words in Colloquial Welsh / Thomas Powel / Y Cymmrodor Vol. VI 1883. / p133

The following paper is an attempt to give a general account

of the use and treatment of English words in the colloquial

Welsh of the present day. Most of the statements here made

are applicable to the whole of Welsh-speaking Wales; but

the paper treats more particularly of the dialect spoken, with

slight variations, in the Counties of Brecon, Caermarthen,

and the greater part of Cardigan.

In borrowed English words, if more than two consonants

come together, an effort is made to get rid of one of them.

Thus:

...we find "turnpike" metamorphosed into tyrpeg;

“point-thread" into pwyntred, and pwyntred-yn; and by the

help of metathesis, "mantel-piece" is worn down into mamplis

ETYMOLOGY: English turnpike (= barrier or gate on a road where a toll is levied) < turnpike (= revolving post with pikes) (turn + pike)
:_______________________________.

tyrrau ‹TƏ-rai, -re› n

1 plural form of twr (= pile, heap)

:_______________________________.

tyrru ‹TƏ-ri› v

1 pile up

2 come together, crowd together

Dechreuwyd tyrru o gwmpas y tri lleidr People began to crowd around the three thieves

3 go in droves / in large numbers, come in droves
Bu pobl yn tyrru i'r amgueddfa i weld y sgerbwd

People went in droves to the museum to see the skeleton

Byddai’r plant yn tyrru i lan y môr pan ddeuai'r llong i’r bae
The children would go in droves to the sea shore when the boat would come into the bay

Mae pobl wedi bod yn tyrru at y feddygfa gyda brathiadau pryfed a cholynnau
People have been going in large numbers to the doctor’s office (Englandic: doctor’s surgery) with insect bites and stings

tyrru yn eu miloedd go / come in their thousands
pobl yn tyrru i'r ddinas yn eu miloedd i wneud eu siopa 'Dolig
people going to the city in their thousands to do their Christmans shopping

:_______________________________.

tyst, tystion ‹TIST, TƏST yon› (masculine noun)
1 witness = a person who has seen an event and can give a first-hand explanation of what happened

bod yn dyst byw o (rywbeth) be a first-hand witness of (something) (which happened a long time ago)

2 witness = person who testifies in a court of law
pwyso ar wynt tyst pressurise a witness (“weigh on the wind / breath of...”)

3 llygad-dyst eye-witness = person who has observed an event and who can explain what has happened
(llygad = eye) + soft mutation + (tyst witness)

tyst byw a living witness

Gwir fy mod, fel cynifer o'm cyfoeswyr, wedi dysgu'r sol-ffa ar y modulator yn y capel. Ond yr wyf yn dyst byw y gall brân ganu'r modulator.
It’s true that like many of my contemporaries I learnt sol-fa with the modulator in the chapel. But I’m a living witness to the fact that (even) a crow can sing using the modulator

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin testis (= witness).

According to the American Heritage Dictionary, it is literally “third (person) standing by”.

The first element te–comes from an older tri–, a combining form of the word for “three,” and the second element –stis is a noun derived from the Indo-European root st- meaning “to stand”.

:_______________________________.

tystio ‹TƏST yo› (verb)
1 to witness

:_______________________________.

tystiolaeth ‹təst YOO leth› (feminine noun)
1 evidence
y dystiolaeth = the evidence

:_______________________________.

tystlythyr ‹təst- lə -thir masculine noun
PLURAL tystlythyrau ‹təst-lə thə re›
1 testimonial; recommendation, evidence of the efficacy or usefulness of a product

2 reference, testimonial; = description by a former employer of a person’s dependability as an employee

ETYMOLOGY: (tyst- penult form of tyst = witness) + soft mutation + ( llythyr = letter)

:_______________________________.

Tysul ‹TƏ sil› (masculine noun)
1 saint’s name

See ty-

:_______________________________.

tŷ tafarn, tai tafarnau ‹tii TA varn, tai ta VAR ne› (masculine noun)
1 pub, tavern

:_______________________________.

Tŷ-to-maen ‹tii-too-mâin› masculine noun
1 house in Llanfihangel y Fedw ST2484 (county of Casnewydd)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST2484

2 house in Y Pwll-mawr, Caer-dydd

ETYMOLOGY: tŷ’r to maen “house with a stone-tiled roof”

(ty^ = house) + (yr = definite artcle) + (to = roof) + (maen = stone).

The linking definite article (y / yr / ’r) is frequently omitted in place names –
tŷ’r to maen > tŷ to maen

NOTE: Such a house would have been distinctive when thatch was the usual roofing material.

:_______________________________.

tywel, tyweli / tywelion ‹TƏ wel, tə WE li / tə WEL yon› (masculine noun)
1 towel

:_______________________________.

tywod ‹TƏ wod› (masculine noun)
1 sand
taenu tywod ar... to sand, to strew sand on...

llenwi â thywod to sand up, to silt up with sand

….Mae’r aber wedi llenwi â thywod ers i’r marina gael ei godi
The river mouth has silted up with sand since the marina was built

tywodyn grain of sand

gronyn tywod PLURAL gronynnau tywod grain of sand

tywod sïo whistling sand(s)

codi rhywbeth ar dywod build something on sand

cyn amled â thywod y môr (“as frequent as the sand of the sea”) as numerous as the sand on the seashore, as numerous as grains of sand on the seashore

cefnen dywod, cefnenni tywod sandbank

2 fel tywod y môr “as the sand of the sea”, as numerous as the grains of sand in the sea

Genesis 41:49 A Joseff a gynullodd ŷd fel tywod y môr, yn dra lluosog, hyd oni pheidiodd a'i rifo: oblegid yr ydoedd heb rifedi.
Genesis 41:49 And Joseph gathered corn as the sand of the sea, very much, until he left numbering; for it was without number.

3 Ofer cuddio’ch pen yn y tywod It’s no use hiding your head in the sand (= you should face up to reality, you should not ignore problems)

4 twyn tywod PLURAL twyni tywod sandhill

5 bàg tywod PLURAL bagiau tywod sandbag

...amddiffyn (rhywbeth) â bagiau tywod protect (something) with sandbags, to sandbag (something)

...clustogi (rhywbeth) â bagiau tywod protect (“cushion”) (something) with sandbags, to sandbag (something)

bad tywod PLURAL badau tywod sand-yacht

banc tywod PLURAL banciau tywod sandbank

bìn tywod PLURAL biniau tywod sand-bin

castell tywod PLURAL cestyll tywod sandcastle

cwch tywod PLURAL cychod tywod sand-yacht

lliw tywod (m) the colour of sand, (adj) sand-coloured

...anifail â chôt lliw tywod an animal with a sand-coloured coat

papur tywod sandpaper

pentwr tywod PLURAL pentyrrau tywod a pile of sand, a sand-pile

pryf tywod PLURAL pryfed tywod sandfly

tafod tywod sandspit

NOTE: Colloquial forma are tŵod ‹TUU-od›, tŵad ‹TUU-ad› and towod ‹TOU-od›

According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911),

tŵad occurred in 1731 and in 1744 in the name Rhyd y Tŵad, for Rhyd y Tywod:
RHYD-Y-TYWOD, "Rhyd y twad" (the ford of the sand.) Across the river Taff, from Whitchurch to Pentyrch (1731.)

March 1745. David Edwards, fording the Taff on horseback at Rhydylwad (sic, https://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=48123 ), on the way from Caerphilly to his home in Radyr parish, was torn from his horse by a flood and drowned.

Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Welsh Dictionary notes tŵad as occuring in Ynys Môn / Anglesey

Compare dŵad (= to come) < dywod < dyfod
:_______________________________.

tywodfaen ‹tə-wod-vain› masculine noun
PLURAL tywodfeini ‹tə-wod-vei-ni›
1 sandstone = sedimentary rock of sand consolidated with some cement such as clay or quartz

ETYMOLOGY: (tywod = sand) + soft mutation + (maen = stone)

:_______________________________.

tywodlyd ‹tə- wod -lid› adjective
1 sandy

2 Y Diffeithwch Mawr Tywodlyd Great Sandy Desert = a desert in north-west Australia (415,000 sq km, 160 000 sq miles), over twenty times the size of Wales (20 768 sq km, 8017 sq miles)

ETYMOLOGY: (tywod = sand) + (-lyd, suffix = ‘full’, often with a hint of disdain)

:_______________________________.

tywodog ‹tə-woo-dog› adj
1 sandy

ETYMOLOGY: (tywod = sand) + (-og adjectival suffix)

:_______________________________.

tywotir ‹tə-wo-tir› masculine noun
PLURAL tywotiroedd ‹tə-wo-tî-rodh›
1 sandy land

ETYMOLOGY: (tywod = sand) + soft mutation + (tir = land)

tywód-dir > tywotir (the combination d-d becomes t)

:_______________________________.

tywotrig ‹tə- wo -trig› adj
1 sand-dwelling

ETYMOLOGY: (tywod = sand) + soft mutation + (trig-, stem of trigo = to inhabit )

> tywod-drig > tywotrig (the combination d-d becomes t)

:_______________________________.

tywydd ‹TƏ widh› (masculine noun) (sometimes feminine in North-west Wales – e.g. Ynys Môn)
1 weather

tywydd mawr bad weather, foul weather, rough weather, stormy weather (“big weather”)

tywydd garw bad weather, foul weather, rough weather, stormy weather (“rough weather”)

tywydd gwael bad weather, foul weather, rough weather, stormy weather (“bad weather”)

tywydd budr (North Wales) bad weather, foul weather, rough weather, stormy weather (“dirty weather”)

tywydd sobor (North Wales) bad weather, foul weather, rough weather, stormy weather (“extremely bad + weather”)

tywydd ffrit (South-west Wales) bad weather, foul weather, rough weather, stormy weather

os bydd y tywydd yn caniatáu weather permitting

map tywydd (m), mapiau tywydd weather map; weather chart

dyn tywydd (m), dynion tywydd weatherman, weather forecaster

proffwyd tywydd (m), proffwydi tywydd weatherman, weather forecaster

ar bob tywydd in all weathers, whatever the weather

mae’n wych o dywydd it’s splendid weather
mae’n dywydd gwych it’s splendid weather

tywydd braf (North) fine weather, good weather, nice weather
tywydd ffein (South) fine weather, good weather, nice weather

Mae hi’n dywydd braf It’s fine weather


(delwedd 7506)

2 tywydd teg (m) / tywydd deg (f) fair weather

cynaeafu tra bo’n dywydd teg make hay while the sun shines, make the most of an opportunity (“to harvest while it-be fair weather”)

:_______________________________.

tywyll ‹TƏ wilh› (adjective)
Feminine form: tywell

1 dark = having no light

2 (night) dark = with no moonlight

Ymosodwyd arno mewn stryd gefn un noson dywyll He was attacked in a back street one dark night

Mae'n hen noson dywyll It’s a dark old night, it’s very dark tonight
Mae-hi'n dywyll It's dark

mynd yn llwyd dywyll (“become grey-dark”) become twilight; in Lowlandic – the English language of Lowland Scotland - to gloam)

3 bod mor dywyll â bola buwch be pitch dark (“as dark as (the) (inside ) (of) (the) belly (of) (a) cow”

Weles i yfflyn o ddim, am ei bod hi mor dywyll â bola buwch
I didn’t see a thing because it was pitch dark

Cf “Lord Jim”, (1899-1900) by Joseph Conrad: “But in Brown's crew there was a Solomon Islander, kidnapped in his youth and devoted to Brown, who was the best man of the whole gang. That fellow swam off to the coaster- five hundred yards or so- with the end of a warp made up of all the running gear unrove for the purpose. The water was smooth, and the bay dark, 'like the inside of a cow,' as Brown described it.”

bod yn dywyll fel bola buwch be pitch dark (“be dark like (the) (inside ) (of) (the) belly (of) (a) cow”

tywyll fel y fagddu pitch dark

bod yn dywyll fel y fagddu be pitch dark

4 dark = (colour) reflecting little light
coch tywyll dark red

5 dark = almost black

gwallt tywyll dark hair

helygen dywyll (helyg tywyll)
(Salix nigricans) dark-leaved willow (“dark willow”)

6 dark-haired
dyn ifanc tywyll a dark-haired young man

7 helygen dywyll (helyg tywyll) (Salix nigricans) dark-leaved willow

(“dark willow-tree”)

8 sbectol dywyll dark glasses

9 pryd tywyll dark complexion; dark-skinned

croen tywyll dark skin; dark-skinned

â chroen tywyll dark-skinned

10 yr Oesoedd Tywyll the Dark Ages

11 dark = arcane, obscure, mysterious, hidden, secret

12 dark = dismal, gloomy, murky

13 black, dark = tragic
gair o gysur ar ddiwrnod tywyll iawn
a word of comfort on a very dark day

14 blind
Dic Dywyll (“blind Dick”) Richard Williams, (1790?-1862?), a Welsh balladeer, either from Ynys Môn or the county of Carnarfon, who lived many years in Merthyrtudful in South Wales.

A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady: to which is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837: DARK, adj[ective]. blind ; as e. g. ' dark in one eye"

NOTE: [ Olde Cheshire Dialecte. http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm

dark : blind ]

15 obscure, unclear, not understandable; recondite (= obscure to the layman)

Er mor odidog ydi iaith Beibl 1588, y mae'r ystyr i bobl heddiw, yn aml iawn, yn dywyll
Although the Bible of 1588 is such a splendid work (“is so splendid”), the meaning to many people today is very often obscure

Pontnewnydd – mae ystyr yr yr enw hwn braidd yn dywyll
Pontnewnydd – the meaning of this name is somewhat obscure

am reswm sy'n dywyll i mi
for some obscure reason, for some odd reason (“for a reason which is obscure to me”)

Mae yn dywyll iawn i ni yn awr paham y’u hadeiladwyd hwy
Now it is very unclear to us why they were built

16 schwa, obscure = reduced to a neutral vowel
Ac os byddai angen gwarantu'r gwir, wel, dywedir 'wir yr' (y sain dywyll)
And if there’s a need (“if there should be a need”) to convince somebody of the truth of something (“to warrant the truth”), one says ‘wir yr’ ([using] the obscure sound [for the letter y]

Y sain dywyll hefyd sydd mewn ychydig ogwyddeiriau, sef y, yr, yn (ym, yng), fy, dy, myn (mewn llwon), yn y ferf ys (fel yn ys gwir 'it is true')...

It is the obscure sound too which is in a few clitics, namely, y (= the), yr (= the), yn (ym, yng) (= in), fy (= my), dy (= thy), myn (in oaths) (= by / in the name of), in the verb ys (as in ys gwir 'it is true')...

t3 Elfennau Gramadeg Cymraeg, Stephen J. Williams, 1959
Ceir “y dywyll” yn y goben ac “y olau”, neu “y glir”, yn y sillaf olaf mewn geiriau megis mynydd, llyfryn, a’r gair tywyll ei hun
The “obscure y” / “dark y” occurs in the penultimate syllable and the “light y” or “clear y” in the final syllable in words such as mynydd (= mountain), llyfryn (= booklet), and the word tywyll (= dark) itself

17 (knowledge) unversed, having little knowledge

Un tywyll yn ei Feibl yw e
He’s fairly ignorant of the Bible (“[it is] someone dark in his Bible that he is”)

NOTE: Colloquially tywyllach (= darker) > twllach, tywyllaf (= darkest) > twlla

18 unclear, difficult to understand, somewhat incomprehensible, opaque
-Ma Roger yn dysgu Cymráeg yn ysgol nos, John
-O'n i'n meddwl bod e yn swno bach yn dywyll. Ha ha.
Gormod o Bwdin Ifan Gruffydd 1985 t19
-Roger’s learning Welsh in night school, John
-I though he sounded a little bit dark (=somewhat incomprehensible) Ha ha.

Roedd amryw o Ffrancwyr Canada ar y trên... Siaradent Ffrangeg â'i gilydd, Ffrangeg tywyll, hollol anhydraidd i'r anghyfarwydd
Dyddiadur America / Gareth Alban Davies / 1967 / t115
There were various Canadian Frenchmen on the train... They spoke French to each other, an opaque French, completely impenetrable to the uninitiated

Comparisons: Dimetian Dialect Part 4; M H Jones April 20 1906; Transactions of the Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society.
mor dywyll a'r fagddu, mor dywyll a'r ffwrn, mor dywyll a bola
buwch, tywyll pitch (all expressions for gross darkness)

bod yn ddiwrnod tywyll ar it's a black day for, it’s hard times for

Y mae hi'n ddiwrnod tywyll ar amaethu yng Nghymru These are hard times for farming in Wales

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Common Celtic *tem-
Breton teñval (= dark)



(delwedd 7091)

:_______________________________.

tywyllni ‹tə-wəlh-ni› masculine noun
1 darkness

Genesis 15:12 A phan oedd yr haul at fachludo, y syrthiodd trymgwsg ar Abram: ac wele ddychryn, a thywyllni mawr, yn syrthio arno ef.
Genesis 15:12 And when the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and, lo, an horror of great darkness fell upon him.

ETYMOLOGY: (tywyll- ‹tə-wəlh›, penult form of tywyll ‹tə-wilh› = dark) + (-ni, suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

tywyllnos ‹tə-wəlh-nos› feminine noun
1 (literary word) night
y dywyllnos = the night
ym min tywyllnos at dusk

ETYMOLOGY: (tywyll- ‹tə-wəlh›, penult form of tywyll ‹tə-wilh› = dark) + (nos = night)

:_______________________________.

tywyllodrus ‹tə wə LHO dris› (adjective)
1 deceitful = of a person who deceives people
cyfaill tywyllodrus a false friend

:_______________________________.

tywyllu ‹tə-wə-lhi› verb
1 darken = make dark

2 darken = become dark, get dark,

3 (of day passing into night) grow dark, get dark

Mae hi’n tywyllu It’s getting dark

Yr oedd hi’n tywyllu pan gwblhaodd Wmffra Dafis ei waith
It was getting dark when Wmffra Dafis finished his work

Rhaid bod yn ofalus wrth groesi Cae’r Waun a hithau’n awr yn tywyllu’n gynnar
You have to take care crossing the Moorland Field now that it gets dark early

4 attend, visit; set foot (in a place)

Ni thywyllodd le o addoliad wedi hynny
He didn’t attend any place of worship after this

Rhai na thywyllwyd ganddynt eisteddfod o unrhyw fath erioed
People who had never visited any kind of eisteddfod (“that an eisteddfod of any kind wasn’t visited by them ever”)

Pobl na welir mohonynt yn tywyllu na chapel nac eglwys
People that you never see going to chapel or to church

5 tywyllu cyngor
..a/ (Bible) “darken counsel”, cast into doubt God’s purpose (by questioning the fact that the wicked can be rich and the good reduced to poverty)

Job 38:2 Pwy yw hwn sydd yn tywyllu cyngor ag ymadroddion heb wybodaeth
Job 38:2 Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge?

..b/ to cloud the issue
rhag tywyllu cyngor for the sake of clarity, for clarity’s sake

Fel y soniwyd uchod, Gwyddeleg oedd iaith yr ymfudwyr, ond rhag tywyllu cyngor cyfeirir at Wyddeleg yr Alban o hyn ymlaen fel Gaeleg (Ieithoedd Celtaidd Prydain ‹the Celtic languages of Britain› / Brynley F. Roberts (article in “Y Gymraeg yn ei Disgleirdeb”, Golygydd / Editor: Geraint H. Jenkins t. 427)
As was mentioned above, Irish was the language of the invaders (= the people who settled Scotland), but for the sake of clarity the Irish language of Scotland from now on will be referred to (in this article) as Gaelic

ETYMOLOGY: (tywyll- ‹tə-wəlh›, penult form of tywyll ‹tə-wilh› = dark) + (-u, suffix for forming verbs)

NOTE: colloquial form: twllu

:_______________________________.

tywyllwch ‹tə WƏ lhukh› (masculine noun)
1 darkness

2 dark, darkness, ignornace
byw yn y tywyllwch live in the dark, live in ignorance

:_______________________________.

tywynnu ‹tə WƏ ni› (verb)
1 shine

:_______________________________.

tywyn, tywynau ‹TƏ win, tə WI ne› (masculine noun)
1 area of sand dunes, burrows, warren

2 helygen sidanaidd y tywyn
(Salix argentea) silky sand willow
See: helygen ariannaidd

:_______________________________.

Tywynycapel ‹tə –win-ə-ka-pel›
1 SH2578 Locality in the county of Môn
English name: Trearddur Bay

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH2578

ETYMOLOGY: “chapel dunes” (“(the) sand dunes (of) the chapel”)
(tywyn = dunes) + (y definite article) + (capel = chapel)

:_______________________________.

tywys ‹TƏ wis› (verb)
1 to lead
tywys rhywun gerfydd y trwyn lead someone by the nose (= force someone to do what they are unwilling to do)

ci tywys, cŵn tywys guide dog

taith dywys, teithiau tywys guided tour
taith gerdded dywys, teithiau cerdded tywys guided walking tour

:_______________________________.

tywysen ‹tə- wə -sen› feminine noun
PLURAL tywysennau, tywys ‹tə-wə-se-ne, tə -wis›
1 ear of corn, spike (= ear of corn) (wheat, barley)

y dywysen = the ear of corn
lloffa tywysennau to glean ears of corn, gather ears of corn

Ruth 2:2 A Ruth y Foabes a ddywedodd wrth Naomi, Gad i mi fyned yn awr i’r maes, a lloffa tywysennau...
Ruth 2:2 And Ruth the Moabitess said unto Naomi, Let me now go to the field, and glean ears of corn...

:_______________________________.

tywysennu ‹tə-wə-se-ni› verb
1 (wheat) form ears
gwenith yn tywysennu wheat in the ear (“wheat (which is) forming ears”)

ETYMOLOGY: (tywysenn- < tywysen = ear of corn) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

tywysog ‹tə- wə -sog› masculine noun
PLURAL tywysogion ‹tə-wə-sog-yon›
1 prince = chief, ruler, king

2 prince = sovereign of a small country

3 prince = male member of a royal family, usually the son of a ruling king or queen

4 prince = title of nobility
Uchel Dywysog Grand Prince

Y Tywysog Siarl name of an English prince, Prince Charles. Since the English royal family gives the title of ‘Prince of Wales’ (in Welsh, Tywysog Cymru) to its first-born son, some of our people have developed a strange obsequiousness towards this foreign prince (and to the English royal family in general). This explains how Merthyrtudful has since 1978 a hospital called Ysbyty’r Tywysog Siarl / Prince Charles Hospital.

5 prince = character in fairy tales;
Y Tywysog Swynol Prince Charming

6 Tywysog Tangnefedd (“(the) prince (of) peace”) the Prince of Peace = the Messiah, Jesus Christ

7 prince = person considered very outstanding in some matter
Hebryngwyd ef at ei dadau i fynwent plwyf Llanbrynmair, gan dyrfa fawr o wŷr bucheddol, mewn teimladau drylliog; a phawb yn cyd-ddyweud fod “tywysog a gŵr mawr wedi cwympo yn Israel." (Cofiant y Tri Brawd / E Pan Jones / 1892 / t11)
He was taken to lie with his forefathers in the cemetery of the parish of Llanbrynmair, by a great crowd of non-chapel people, overcome with emotion; everybody said to each other that a ‘prince and a great man had fallen in Israel’.

ETYMOLOGY: (tywys- penult stem of tywys = to lead) + (-og = adjectival suffix; many adjectives of this type have become nouns) < British < Celtic;

Irish toiseach = leader, prince; president of the Republic of Ireland; Scottish toiseach = leader, prince; surname Mac an Toisich = son of the head (of the clan),
(Anglicised form = Macintosh)

NOTE: colloquial form t’wysog / twysog ‹tu-ə-sog›

:_______________________________.

Tywysog Cymru ‹tə-wə-sog kəm-ri› masculine noun
PLURAL Tywysogion Cymru ‹tə-wə-sog-yon kəm-ri›
1 Epithet adopted by Dafydd ap Llywelyn (d 1246) the ruler of the territory of Gwynedd. He wished to make Wales independent of the English Crown, which claimed jurisdiction over Wales, and to this end attempted, without success, to persuade the Pope to appoint him as a Papal vassal.

2 Official title adopted by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (nephew of Dafydd ap Llywelyn) in 1267 following the Treaty of Trefaldwyn / Montgomery. The title was acknowledged by the English king Henry 3, who accepted a number of Welsh demands in the treaty process. The title could be passed on to Llywelyn’s heirs, and lesser rulers in Wales were to pay homage to him. In turn Llywelyn ap Gruffudd recognised Henry’s domination of Wales and agreed to pay homage to the English king

3 Tywysogion Cymru the Princes of Wales, the leaders of Wales until the English conquest of Wales in the Second War of Independence (1282-83)

Pryd, mewn difri, y bu coffr gwladol yn y Berffro i unrhyw un fanteisio arno? Ddim ers dyddiauTywysogion Cymru - saith can mlynedd yn ôl bellach .
When, really, was the state coffer in Berffro for anyone to take advantage of it? Not since the days of the Princes of Wales - seven hundred years ago now

4 Translation of the English title Prince of Wales given in 1301 to Edward of Carnarvon (eldest son of the English king Edward 1) after the defeat of the native Welsh leaders

5 Translation of a title Prince of Wales used by the English monarchy. The title is given to the eldest son of the king or queen of England (and therefore heir apparent to the throne).

The use of this title is an irritation to Welsh patriots, conscious of its origin. It is also a constant embarrassment to have to explain to people outside the island of Britain that Wales and the Prince of Wales have no real connection. It is often assumed that a person with this title is Welsh, but as we can see above it is used by the royal family of a conquering nation to celebrate the subjugation of Wales. The Prince of Wales is a member of a royal family in a neighbouring country. He has little understanding of Wales and its language and people. There are people in Wales however who believe that it is an honour to have an English prince use the name of our country as his title.

:_______________________________.

tywysoges, tywysogesau ‹tə wə SO ges, tə wə so GE se› (feminine noun)
1 princess
y dywysoges = the princess

 
 
:_______________________________.




 
 
 
 
 

Sumbolau:

a A / æ Æ / e E / ɛ Ɛ / i I / o O / u U / w W / y Y /
MACRONː ā Ā / ǣ Ǣ / ē Ē / ɛ̄ Ɛ̄ / ī Ī / ō Ō / ū Ū / w̄ W̄ / ȳ Ȳ /
MACRON + ACEN DDYRCHAFEDIGː Ā̀ ā̀ , Ḗ ḗ, Ī́ ī́ , Ṓ ṓ , Ū́ ū́, (w), Ȳ́ ȳ́
MACRON + ACEN DDISGYNEDIGː Ǟ ǟ , Ḕ ḕ, Ī̀ ī̀, Ṑ ṑ, Ū̀ ū̀, (w), Ȳ̀ ȳ̀
MACRON ISODː A̱ a̱ , E̱ e̱ , I̱ i̱ , O̱ o̱, U̱ u̱, (w), Y̱ y̱
BREFː ă Ă / ĕ Ĕ / ĭ Ĭ / ŏ Ŏ / ŭ Ŭ / B5236ː B5237ː
BREF GWRTHDRO ISODː i̯, u̯
CROMFACHAUː ⟨ ⟩ deiamwnt
A’I PHEN I LAWRː ∀, ә, ɐ (u+0250) httpsː //text-symbols.com/upside-down/

ˈ ɑ ɑˑ aˑ aː / æ æː / e eˑeː / ɛ ɛː / ɪ iˑ iː / ɔ oˑ oː / ʊ uˑ uː / ə / ʌ /
ẅ Ẅ / ẃ Ẃ / ẁ Ẁ / ŵ Ŵ /
ŷ Ŷ / ỳ Ỳ / ý Ý / ɥ
ˈ ð ɬ ŋ ʃ ʧ θ ʒ ʤ / aɪ ɔɪ əɪ uɪ ɪʊ aʊ ɛʊ əʊ / £
ә ʌ ẃ ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ ẅ ẃ ẁ Ẁ ŵ ŷ ỳ Ỳ Hungarumlautː A̋ a̋

U+1EA0 Ạ  U+1EA1 ạ
U+1EB8 Ẹ  U+1EB9 ẹ
U+1ECA Ị  U+1ECB ị
U+1ECC Ọ  U+1ECD ọ
U+1EE4 Ụ  U+1EE5 ụ
U+1E88 Ẉ  U+1E89 ẉ
U+1EF4 Ỵ  U+1EF5 ỵ
gyn aith δ δ £ gyn aith δ δ £ U+2020 †

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DAGGER
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httpsː {//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ǣ

Hwngarwmlawtː A̋ a̋
gyn aith δ δ
…..
…..
ʌ ag acen ddyrchafedig / ʌ with acute accentː ʌ́

Ə́ ə́

Shwa ag acen ddyrchafedig / Schwa with acute

…..
…..
wikipedia,
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httpsː//[ ]en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ǣ
…..
Y TUDALEN HWN /THIS PAGE / AQUESTA PÀGINA:

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