kimkat1865e A Welsh to English Dictionary in scroll-down format. Geiriadur Cymraeg a Saesneg ar fformat sgrolio-i-lawr.

08-10-2020

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0003g_delw_baneri_cymru_catalonia_050111
 (delwedd 0003)

 

 

 

 

 

Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia
El Web de Gal
·les i Catalunya
The Wales-Catalonia Website

Y Gwe-eiriadur
An Internet dictionary of Welsh for speakers of English

L

Y Llyfr Ymwelwyr / El Llibre de Visitants / The Guestbook:
http://pub5.bravenet.com/guestbook/391211408/


a-7000_kimkat1356k
Beth sy’n newydd?


 

A close up of text on a white background

Description automatically generated(delwedd 4666)

...

 

 

 A
 

 AR

 B

 BR

 C

 CE

 CI

 

 CR
 

 CY

 D

 DI

 E

 F

bbb7000_kimkat1021e_G G

 

 GW
 

 GWI

 H

 I, J, K

 L

 M

 MI

 

 N
 

 O

 P

 PL, Q

 R

 S

 T

 

 TR
 

 U, V

 W, X

 Y, Z   

 

 

 

 

 
 
 
 
 

L, l èl› feminine noun
1
) twelfth letter of the twenty-six letter Roman alphabet
...
1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 d 5 e, 6 f, 7 g, 8 h, 9 i, 10 j, 11 k, 12 l, 13 m, 14 n, 15 o, 16 p, 17 q, 18 r, 19 s, 20 t, 21 u, 22 v, 23 w, 24 x, 25 y, 26 z

2
) fifteenth letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y


:_______________________________.

l-

1
In polysyllables there is usually the loss of a final l in the clusters -bl, -dl, -gl in colloquial Welsh

..1/ banadl (= broom plants) > banad
..2/ cwnstabl (= constable) > cwnstab
..3/ danadl (= nettles) > danad
..4/ mwsogl (= moss) > mwsog
..5/ perygl (= danger) > peryg
..6/ posibl (= possible) > posib
..7/ rhuddygl (= radish) > rhuddyg
..8/ triagl (= treacle) > triag

Note too the loss of the final ‘l’ after ‘t’ in the place-name Capeltydyst, from the forename Tudwystl (tud = people) + soft mutation + (gwystl = ransom)

Tudwystl > Tudwyst’

Tonic u can sometimes become the obscure vowel, hence Tudwyst’> Tydwyst’

In the case of Tydwyst’> Tydyst’ the consonantal w has also been lost

Addition of final “l” – examples of the reverse process

..1/ In the case of the pair cwrwg / cwrwgl (= coracle) the original form is in fact cwrwg to which an ‘l’ has been added in literary Welsh.

Similarly
..2/ tymestl (= storm) is from tymest (from Latin tempestus)

..3/ chwibanogl (= whistle) is from chwibanog

See the entry ‘r’ for examples of a similar loss in colloquial Welsh with final r

aradr
(= plough) > arad
Cadwaladr
(= man’s name) > ’Dwalad,
ffenestr
(= window) > ffenest, etc

:_______________________________.

labrwr ‹LA-brur› ˡlabrʊr› masculine noun
PLURAL
labrwyr, labrwrs (LABR-wir, LA-brurs) ˡlabrwɪr, ˡlabrʊrs›
1
workman

ETYMOLOGY: (labr-, stem of the verb labro = to labour) + (-wr suffix for forming nouns indicating the agent, ‘man’)


:_______________________________.

Ladineg
la-dî-neg› feminine noun
1
Ladin, a Rhaetian language spoken in South Tyrol

2
Ladin, a dialect of Romansch in the Inn River valley, in the canton of Grisons, Switzerland

3
(adjective)
llyfr Ladineg a Ladin book

ETYMOLOGY: (Ladin = name of the language) + (-eg suffix for indicating languages) < English Ladin < Ladin Ladin < Latin Latîn-us

:_______________________________.

lafwr lâ -vur› masculine noun
Also: lawr
laur›
1
Porphyra umbilicalis laver = type of seaweed of the genus Porphyra with edible fronds

2
See: bara lawr

ETYMOLOGY: English laver < Latin laver, species of water plant

:_______________________________.

Lai LAI› feminine noun
1
Colloquial name for the river Elái
e-LAI› in south-east Wales

(a) Blaen Lai
blain-LAI› source of the river Elái

(b) Tre-lai
tre-LAI› suburb of Caer-dydd on the western bank

See Elái


ETYMOLOGY: Lai < Elái (loss of the pretonic vowel)

:_______________________________.

Lal = Sali LAL› (feminine noun)
1
diminutive of Welsh Sara / Sarah (= English “Sarah”)


:_______________________________.

Lali
= Lal, Sali LA li› (feminine noun)
1
diminutive of Welsh Sara / Sarah (= English “Sarah”)


:_______________________________.

lamp, lampau
LAMP, LAM pe› (feminine noun)
1
lamp

:_______________________________.

lamp ddarllen, lampau darllen
lamp DHAR lhen, lam pe DAR lhen› (feminine noun)
1
reading lamp

:_______________________________.

lan
lan›
1
soft mutated form of glan (= river bank; slope, hillside, hill)

y lan the bank, etc

It is used in some place names as a radical from instead of glan

..a/ Lan-dŵr
From lan y dŵr “(the) edge (of) the water”, brook side, with the loss of the linking definite article y, a common feature in place names
(the expected form would be glan y dŵr)

Name of a village in the county of Abertawe

..b/ Lan-y-nant
Wm David, Lanynant in Lantarnam 23 Mar 1817 (aged) 68
(Mentioned in Llantarnam Burials 1813-74)
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~monfamilies/llantarnbur1813-74.htm

..c/ Lan-y-parc
From lan y parc “(the) hillside (of) the field”
(the expected form would be glan y parc)

This is a street name in Llancaeach, county of Caerffili (spelt as “Lan y Parc”)

2 soft mutated form of llan (= church
; village with a parish church)

y llan the church, etc;
but o lan i lan from church to church
:_______________________________.

lan (= i lan) LAN› (adverb) (South Wales)

1
up
mynd i lan > mynd lan go up
dod i lan > dod lan come up

:_______________________________.

-lan
lan›
1
qualified element in a compound noun, soft mutated form of llan (= enclosure, cell, church)

..1/ cadeirlan cathedral (cadair = chair, bishop’s throne)
..2/ corlan sheepfold (cor- from Old Welsh cordd = flock)
..3/ ydlan rickyard (ŷd = corn)

2
qualified element in a compound noun, soft mutated form of glan (= bank, shore)
..1/ ceulan riverbank
..2/ morlan seaside (not a word in general use; used in house names)
..3/ torlan river bank

:_______________________________.

Y Lan ə lan›
1
A farm north-east of Bryncethin (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) on Heol Cefncarfan, the road from Brycethin to Heol-y-cyw

2
A farm at Pen-y-graig-wen, Pont-ty-pridd (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hillside” (or hillside pasture)
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (glan = hillside, hill)

:_______________________________.

landeg lan-deg› adjective
1
soft-mutated form of glandeg (= fair)

It occurs as an epithet.
Siarl Landeg Charles the Fair
Siarli Landeg Bonnie Prince Charlie

NOTE: In older Welsh, the initial consonant of an epithet, if mutatable, was soft-mutated. Thus glandeg > landeg.

When the Welsh were obliged to use fixed surnames, some individuals, instead of using a patronymic form – ap Siôn > Jone’s son > Jones – used an epithet by which they were known, and Landeg became a fixed surname, centred especially in the Afan valley by Aberafan / Port Talbot.

Other examples of the soft mutation in this circumstance are coch (= red-haired) > goch (surname Goch, in English as Gough), bychan (= junior, the younger) > fychan (surname Fychan, in English as Vaughan)

:_______________________________.

landlord land -lord› masculine noun
PLURAL
landlordiaid land- lord -yed›

1
landlord = landowner, owner of land
Usually: tirfeddiannwr

2
landlord = person who rents land or accommodation to a tenant

3
landlord = pub owner or manager, tavern keeper
Usually: tafarnwr

ETYMOLOGY: English landlord (land + lord)


:_______________________________.

landlord absennol
land -lord ab-se-nol› masculine noun
PLURAL
%landlordiaid absennol land- lord -yed ab-se-nol›
1
absentee landlord, landowner who lives away from the land or property he rents out

:_______________________________.

landlordiaeth land-lord-yeth› feminine noun
1
landlordism = system of renting out land or property, sometimes in the sense of renting out at an exhorbitant rent

:_______________________________.

landri lan -dri› feminine noun
PLURAL
landris lan -dris›
1
laundry = place to wash clothes

ETYMOLOGY: 1900+; English laundry < lavendry < Old French < Latin lavâre (= to wash)
Also: londri

:_______________________________.

landro lan -dro› verb
1
verb with an object launder = wash and iron

ETYMOLOGY: 1770; from English {lándər} to launder = to wash; (landr-) + (-o suffix for forming verbs); launder (to wash, originally a noun = washerwoman) < Old French lavandiere (= washerwoman) < Latin lavâre (= to wash)

:_______________________________.

lándrofer lan -dro-ver› masculine noun
PLURAL
lándrofers, lándroferi lan -dro-vers, lan-dro- ve -ri›
1
landrover = type of vehicle for the road and rough terrain

ETYMOLOGY: English, name of a make of vehicle (land + rover)

:_______________________________.

Y Landsger land -sker› feminine noun
1
the Landsker, the boundary line between the Welsh language and the English language in the county of Penfro

:_______________________________.

Lan-dŵr lan- duur›
1
village in the county of Abertawe
English name: Landore

ETYMOLOGY: (“Lan y Dŵr”) (“the) edge (of) the water”, brook side)
(the expected form would be glan y dŵr)

Lan is used in some place names as a radical from instead of glan

(glan = river bank, stream’s edge) + (y = the) + (dŵr = water, stream)

The linking definite article y is often omitted in place names

:_______________________________.

lanfa lan -va›
1
soft-mutated form of glanfa (= landing place, landing stage, landing, wharf)

2
Y Lanfa street in Trefechan, Aberystwyth (county of Ceredigion) (“the wharf, the landing place”, etc)

:_______________________________.

lansio LAN sho› (verb)
1
to launch

2
safle lansio launching pad

:_______________________________.

Lan-y-parc lan ə park›
1
(“Lan y Parc”) (“(the) hill (of) the field”)
Street name in Llancaeach, county of Caerffili

ETYMOLOGY: (the expected form would be glan y parc)
Lan is used in some place names as a radical from instead of glan
(glan = river bank; slope, hillside, hill) + (y = the) + (parc = field)

:_______________________________.

Y Lan Wen ə lan WEN›
1
hill near Dôl-fach, Powys SN9172

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/580857

ETYMOLOGY: (“the white slope”)

(y = the) + (glan = river bank; slope, hillside, hill) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white)

:_______________________________.

lapio LAP-yo› (v)
1 wrap, wrap up

2 lapio ar (rywun) tuck (somebbody) up (in bed) ENG-Z

3 lapio (hrywbeth) am (rywbeth) wrap (sth) around (sth)
4 lapio am (rywun) gather round

Bu’r cymdogion yn lapio am ei hen gydnabod yn nyddiau eu gwendid

The neighbours gathered around their ols acquaintance in his ill-health (“weakness”)

 

ETYMOLOGY: dialect English to lap (= to wrap)

BBC Website - Domesday Site 1986 - Shopshire Dialect

lapping up - to wrap up a sheep’s fleece

 

:_______________________________.

lapsgóws ‹lob-SGOUS› m
1 (South Wales) stew made from meat leftovers


ETYMOLOGY: English lobscouse (= a stew eaten by sailors), noted in English in the 1700s, of unkbown origin, but cf Dutch lapskous, German Lapskaus.

 

North Wales: lobsgóws

 

:_______________________________.


lapswchad lap-SUU-khad› feminine noun
PLURAL
lapswchadau lap-su-KHAA-de›
(South-west Wales)
1
sloppy kiss, long kiss

ETYMOLOGY: (lapswch-, stem of lapswchan = give a sloppy kiss) + (-ad suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

lapswcho lap-sû -kho› verb
(South-west Wales)

1
(without an object) give a sloppy kiss, give a long kiss
2
(with an object) give a sloppy kiss to, give a long kiss to

ETYMOLOGY: (lap- = to lick) + (swch = lips) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: also lapswchan

:_______________________________.

larwm, larymau LA rum, la RƏ me› (masculine noun)
1
alarm = device to give a warning

botwm larwm (m), botymau larwm alarm button

canu’r larwm
to sound the alarm
y larwm yn canu the alarm + sounding
pan fo’r larwm yn canu when the alarm sounds
y larwm yn canu'n ddireswm the alarm sounding for no reason
y larwm yn canu heb achos da the alarm sounding for no reason (“without good cause”)

cychwyn larwm to set off an alarm

byddai’r larwm
yn diffodd ar ôl canu am bum munud
the alarm would switch off after sounding for five minutes

cloch larwm (f), clychau larwm alarm bell

larwm byrgler
burglar alarm (a more colloquial expression than larwm lladron
) la rum BəR gler›

larwm byrgleriaid burglar alarm (a more correct form, with the plural of byrgler, used in written Welsh, of larwm byrgler)

larwm lladron
la rum LHA dron› burglar alarm (the standard expression in Welsh; “alarm (of) thieves”)

larwm mwg
smoke alarm

larwm tân
la rum TAAN› fire alarm

2 alarm= device to wake up someone sleeping
cloc larwm alarm clock

:_______________________________.

ºlas laas› adjective
1
Soft mutated form (g > ZERO) of glas (= blue, green)

Heol ºLas, (the) green road
Ynys ºLas, (the) green meadow
(In these names there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun)

:_______________________________.

ºLasynys las- ə -nis›
1 (SH5932) locality in the district of Meirionnydd (county of Gwynedd)

ETYMOLOGY: “y ºlasynys” (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (glasynys = green island; green meadow)

:_______________________________.

Latfia lat -vya› feminine noun
1
Latvia

:_______________________________.

Latfiad lat -vyad› masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL
Latfiadau lat-vyed›
1
Latvian

ETYMOLOGY: (Latfi- stem of Latfia = Latvia) + (-ad suffix to indicate the inhabitant of a country)

:_______________________________.

Latfiaidd lat -vyedh› adjective
1
Latvian = relating to Latvia (but not the language, for which the adjective is Latfieg)

ETYMOLOGY: (Latfi- stem of Latfia = Latvia) + (-ad suffix to form adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Latfieg lat-vyeg› feminine noun
1
Latvian = the language of Latvia
2
(adjective) Latvian = relating to the language of Latvia

ETYMOLOGY: (Latfi- stem of Latfia = Latvia) + (-ad suffix to indicate a language)

:_______________________________.

LATIN (1)

WELSH WORDS ULTIMATELY FROM LATIN WHICH ARE EXAMPLES OF A QUALIFYING ADJECTIVE BECOMING THE BASIS OF THE WELSH WORD AFTER THE QUALIFIED NOUN IS DROPPED

DEGWM = tithe
Welsh < British *dekum- < Latin decuma (pars) = tenth (part)

EFER = darnel
Latin êbriacus (= drunk) > êbrius
êbriaca (herba
) = drunk (grass), grass which causes drunkenness > Old French ivraie (= rye grass) >
Middle English ever (now only in south-eastern English dialect) (= darnel, Lolium temulentum) > Welsh efer (= darnel, Lolium temulentum)

LLONG = ship
Latin longus (= long)
(nâvis) longa = long (ship) > British *long- > Welsh llong (= boat, ship)

STRYD = street
Latin strâtus (= straight)
(via) strâta = straight (road) > English street > Welsh stryd, strŷt (= street)


Also an example from Greek via Latin:

MAGNÊS (name of a district)

magned < English magnet < Middle English magnete
< Latin magnes (= magnet) < Greek ho magnês (lithos)

= the Magnesian (stone), the stone from Magnês, a region abundant in minerals

:_______________________________.


LATIN (2)

LATIN HAS A NUMBER OF WORDS OF CELTIC ORIGIN WHICH CORRESPOND TO WORDS IN MODERN WELSH; THE WELSH WORDS ARE DIRECT FROM CELTIC, AND NOT FROM LATIN

1 Welsh cant (now - wheel rim; originally - circle, rim, periphery). Latin cant(us) (= metal tyre, iron band around a wheel) < IndoEuropean *kantho- (= corner).

Greek has kanthos (= felloe of a wheel).

Canthus
is used in English as an anatomical term – “
either corner of the eye, where the eyelids meet” but originally applied to the entire edge of the eyelid.
French has canton (administrative district) from Occitan canton < Latin cantus


2
Welsh ceffyl (= horse). Latin caball(us) (= horse)

:_______________________________.

lawer bore
lau-er bô-re› adverb
1
many a morning, on many mornings

Lawer bore roeddwn ar fy ffordd am wyth o’r gloch
Many mornings I was on my way at eight o’ clock

ETYMOLOGY: (llawer = many) + (bore = morning); llawer bore > lawer bore (the soft mutation of the initial consonant of the first word in the phrase indicates that this is an adverbial)

:_______________________________.

lawer gwaith lau-er gwaith› adverb

1
many a time, many times, on many occasions

Rwyf wedi dweud lawer gwaith nad oes gen i fawr o ddiddordeb mewn chwaraeon
I’ve said many a time that I’m not really interested in sport

Yr wyf lawer gwaith wedi meddwl ysgrifennu am ein pentref fel yr oedd slawer dydd
I’ve often thought about writing about how our village was in the past

ETYMOLOGY: (llawer = many) + (gwaith = time).
llawer gwaith > lawer gwaith (the soft mutation of the initial consonant of the first word in the phrase indicates that this is an adverbial)

:_______________________________.

lawn cymaint laun kə-maint› adverbi
1
just as much, to the same extent

Rw i’n hoffi’r darlun bach ‘ma – ond rw i’n hoffi’r darlun arall lawn cymaint
I like this small picture – but I like the other picture just as much

ETYMOLOGY: (llawn = full) + (cymaint so much, the same quantity). There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases, hence llawn > lawn (ll > l)

:_______________________________.

lawnt launt› feminine noun
PLURAL lawntiau, lawntydd launt –ye, laun -tidh›
1
lawn
lawnt gefn back lawn = area of lawn behind a house
ar y lawnt flaen on the front lawn
Lawnt y Tŷ Gwyn The White House Lawn (Washington DC)

lawnt fynwent a cemetery lawn
lawnt y fynwent the cemetery lawn


lawnt
blas a mansion lawn
lawnt y plas the mansion lawn, the lawn in front of the mansion

Lawnt y Plas place in Dinas Mawddwy (Gwynedd)

lawnt werdd green lawn

Y Lawnt, a house in Conwy
Mentioned in the catalogue of Archifau Sir Gwynedd / Gwynedd County Archives: (Year) 1797. Samuel Price of Bennerth, co. Caernarfon, Esq. DRAFT LEASE for a year of a house in the town of Conwy, co. Caernarfon called the Lawnt. 

Ysgol y Lawnt
Welsh-medium secondary school in Rhymni, Caerffili county.

2
(place names) woodland clearing
Cf dialect English lawn (= clearing)

3
(heraldry) field

4
lawnt y pentre village green
Lawnt y Pentre street name in Y Fflint

Y Lawnt
street in the centre of Dolgellau

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/329754 Y Lawnt

5
green (for certain sports)
lawnt fowlio bowling green

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh lawnt is from Middle English launde (1300) < Old French lande (= clearing)
Middle English launde is the origin of Modern English lawn

See llan (= church)

:_______________________________.

law yn llaw lau ən LHAU› (adverb)
1 hand in hand

:_______________________________.

lechco
lekh -ko›
1
(county of Penfro) see! look!
See lychco < gwelwch chi yco – see over there

:_______________________________.

lechna chi lekh-na-khii›
1
(county of Penfro) see! look!

7281_lechna_chi_090116

See lychco

ETYMOLOGY: gwelwch yna chi ‘look there you’

:_______________________________.

lèd LED› (masculine noun)
1
lead (of a pencil)


:_______________________________.

lefel, lefelau / lefelydd
LE-vel, le-VÊ-le, le-VÊ-lidh› (feminine noun)
1
level

2
level = drift in a mine, horizontal or nearly horizontal passageway opened up from a hillside

lefel lo coal level
Tai-lefel-lo = tai’r lefel lo “(the) houses (by) the coal level”
Name of a row of houses in Rhymni, county of Caerffili


:_______________________________.

leiaf
lei -a› adjective
1
soft-mutated form of lleiaf (= smallest; and in parish names, minor)

Saint Andras Leiaf parish by Dinaspowys
(Saint Andras) + soft mutation + (lleiaf = smallest, least)
English name: Saint Andrews Minor

:_______________________________.

lein, leiniau LEIN, LEIN ye› (feminine noun)
1
line

2
lein ddillad, PLURAL: leiniau dillad clothes line, cord on which to hang washing to dry
polyn lein clothes pole, pole for the clothes line
fel polyn lein (North Wales) thin (“like a clothes pole”)

3
lein bysgota fishing line


:_______________________________.

Leision
lei -shon›
1
soft-mutated form (ll > l) of the man’s name Lleision used as a genitive form in certain place names

(1) Coed Leison (“(the) wood (of) Lleision”) name of a wood west of Pendeulwyn (Bro Morgannwg)

(2) Gwaunleision (“(the) moor (of) Lleision”) name of a village by Gwauncaegurwen (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
Also a street in this place: Waunleision

:_______________________________.

lem lem› adjective
1
a feminine form with soft mutation;
llym = harsh (masculine form) > llem (feminine form) > lem (with soft mutation of initial ‘ll’)

cosb lem a harsh punishment, a heavy penalty
cyllell lem a sharp knife

 :_______________________________.

lemon, lemonau LE mon, le MO ne› (masculine noun)
1
lemon

:_______________________________.

lemonêd le mo NEED› (masculine noun)
1
lemonade

:_______________________________.

’leni
le ni› 1 this year
NOTE: colloquial form < eleni, with the loss of the first syllable (in this case the pretonic syllable)


:_______________________________.

Lerpwl
ler-pul› feminine noun
1
Liverpool, a city in the North-west of England

aderyn Lerpwl liver bird, a mythical bird which is the symbol of Liverpool. (Formerly a crow was on the town’s coat of arms, but on the town’s seal (in the 1700s?) the artist had made such a poor job of representing the crow that it became known as a special type of bird, a ‘Liverpool bird’
li-və-puul› or ‘liver bird’ lái-və›)

2
Bae Lerpwl Liverpool Bay

3
Nerpwl a Northern Welsh form of ‘Lerpwl’. The initial ‘n’ is explained as being the final syllable of the preposition yn in the phrase yn Lerpwl = in Liverpool

4
Llynlleifiad
lhin-lheiv-yad› an invented form used instead of ‘Lerpwl’, popular in literature in the 1800s (llyn = lake, pool, lleif- <LHEIV> an adaptation of the first sylllable ‘liv’ in ‘Liverpool’, and -iad suffix corresponding to English -er, but usually both are agent suffixes)

5
Tŷ Lerpwl Liverpool House; in names of emporia (retail stores selling a wide range of goods) in certain Welsh towns the 1800s, where the goods came from Liverpool. (Usually the name of the store was in English) and it indicated the provenance of the merchandise.

cf.
Tŷ Llundain London House (London = a city in south-east England),
Tŷ Manceinion Manchester House (Manchester = a city in north-west England),
Tŷ Birmingham Birmingham House (Birmingham = a city in midland England)

6 Lerpwl house name, Abergwyngregyn SH 6572 (county of Conwy), mentioned in the 1851 Census

ETYMOLOGY: Middle English Lerpool lérpuul› = Liverpool

:_______________________________.

les, lesoedd
LEES, LE-soidh, -sodh › (feminine noun)

(Formal Welsh: prydles)
1
lease
adnewyddu prydles
to renew a lease

ty^ ar les house to let (formal Welsh: ty^ar osod)

gallu cymryd les ar eich bywyd (“be able to take (out) a lease on your life”) to be in the fullness of health, be in perfect health, be perfectly healthy (expression from the practice of taking out a lease on a property for one’s lifetime).

 

Tarian y Gweithiwr 10 Ionawr 1901.

CWMBACH, ABERDAR. MARWOLAETH. Rhwyddach fil waith ydyw dychmygu na desgrifio y tristwch a daenodd dros Cwmbach a'r cyffiniau ar dderbyniad y newydd annysgwyliadwy am farwolaeth sydyn Tom Jones, Patent Fuel House, Cwmbach, un o ddynion ieuainc parchusaf yr ardal, yn yr oedran cynarol o 29 mlwydd oed. Cymerodd yr amgylchiad galarus le ar ddydd cyntaf y flwyddyn newydd a'r canrif newydd, ar ol ychydig ddyddiau o gystudd. Ychydig iawn o amser cyn ei farwolaeth gallesid cymeryd lease ar ei fywyd gan mor gadarn a chryf yr ymddangosai, ond ysywaeth y mae y cyfaill anwyl Tom Jones mewn byd arall o ran ei enaid, ac yn y bedd o ran ei gorff.

CWM-BACH, ABER-DÂR. DEATH It's a thousand times easier to imagine than to describe the sadness that spread over Cwmbach and the surrounding area on receiving the unwelcome news of the sudden death of Tom Jones, Patent Fuel House, Cwmbach, one of the area's most respected young men, at the early age of 29 years . The lamentable occurrence took place on the first day of the new year and the new century, after a few days of illness. Shortly time before his death he was perfectly healthy  (“a lease could have been taken on his life”) from how robust and strong he appeared, but sadly our dear friend Tom Jones is in another world in terms of his soul, and in his grave in terms of his body.

 

From English LEASE [le:s], now [li:s].

 

:_______________________________.

Letys
LE tis› (feminine noun)
1
(obsolete) Female name, from Middle English LETTICE, from Latin LETITIA (= joy, gladness, delight) < LAETUS (= glad)

 

Name of a farm by Penpergwm, Llanofer, Sir Fynwy SO3210
On the map as Parc Lletis (i.e. Parclletys), but earlier forms are various spellings of Parcletys

 

:_______________________________.

letysen, letys
le TƏ sen, LE tis› (feminine noun)
1
lettuce

:_______________________________.

lewcemia
leu-kem-ya› masculine noun
1
leukemia (England: leukaemia)

ETYMOLOGY: English leukaemia, < New Greek (19th century) (leuco- < leukos = white) + (haima = blood)

:_______________________________.

Lewis LEU is› (masculine noun)
1
Lewis

A name of Norman origin in Wales, used to replace the native name Llywelyn because of its similarity in form. Some eighteenth- and nineteenth-century poets with the forename or surname Lewis adopted pen names with Llywelyn (or Llywelyn).

:_______________________________.

libart
LII-bart› (masculine noun)
1
sheep pasture on a hilltop or hillside

Also libiart


From English liberty, via a dialect form libarty.

Loss of a final –i occurs in other words taken from English where the i is the post-post-tonic syllable.
English SOCÍETY > Welsh soséiati > soséiat > seiat (= weekday church meeting for full members of a chapel)
Middle English ALCAMY (= tin) > Welsh álcami > alcam (= tin)
Middle English MELODY > Welsh mélodi (still extant), melod (obsolete)
:_______________________________.


Lewsyn
LEU sin› (masculine noun)
1
Lewis (diminutive form)


:_______________________________.

lico
LI ko› (verb)
1
to like (colloquial, South)

:_______________________________.

licris LI-kris› (masculine noun)
1
licorice (USA), liquorice, liquorish (Englandic)

licris cymysg liquorish allsorts

ETYMOLOGY: English liquorice < Old French licoresse (modern French has réglisse) < Latin liquiritia < Greek glukurrhiza (glukus = sweet) + (rhiza = root)

NOTE: Also lícorish, licrish

 

Few words have suffered so many distortions as liquorice. The original is Greco-Lat[in]. glycyrrhiza, literally "sweet root," corrupted into Latin liquiritia, whence Fr[ench]. reglisse, Ital[ian]. legorizia, regolizia, and Ger[man]. Lakritze. The Mid[dle]. English form licoris would appear to have been influenced by orris, a plant which also has a sweet root, while the modern spelling is perhaps due to liquor.

The Romance of Words / Ernest Weekley, M.A / 1912 / p.127

:_______________________________.

lifft, lifftiau
LIFT, LIFT ye› (masculine noun)
1
(USA: elevator) (Englandic: lift)


ETYMOLOGY: English lift
:_______________________________.

lifftiwr
lift -yur› masculine noun
PLURAL
lifftwyr lift-wir›

1
liftman, lift operator

2
liftman, lift repairer

ETYMOLOGY: (lifft = lift) + (-i-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

lili, lilis LI li, LI lis› (feminine noun)
1
lily
2
lili’r Forwyn madonna lily (Lilium candidum)


:_______________________________.

lili'r Grog
li-lir groog› feminine noun
1
Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum)

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) lily (of) the cross”) (lili = lily) + (yr = definite article) + soft mutation + (crog = cross, gallows)

:_______________________________.

Lilwen lil-wen› feminine noun
1
female forename

ETYMOLOGY: apparently “lily” (lil- first syllable of lili = lily) + (-wen suffix for forming female names)
:_______________________________.

*lim- lim›
1
Celtic root = marsh, < *lei- (= to flow)

This is the origin of Welsh llif (= flow, current)
Celtic *lim- > British *lim- > Welsh llif

It is very likely the origin of numerous river names in Continental Europe and in the islands of Britain and Ireland

Afon Llifon SH4555 near Llandwrog, Gwynedd

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/789025

……………………………………

Llifon an old division (cwmwd / kúmmud) of Ynys Môn

Place names in Britain outside Wales:

(some may not equate exactly to Llifon, being lim- with another suffix)

……………………………………

“Afon Llifon” River Lympne [lim] (Kent, England) Portus Lemanus in Latin;
the river name became Limden in English, though the current name for this is the River Rother

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/748348 TR1134 Lemanis Roman Fort

……………………………………

“Afon Llifon” SP3868 River Leam [lem] (Northamptonshire and Warwickshire, England)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1109786 River Leam at Eathorpe

……………………………………

“Afon Llifon” River Lymn [lim] (Lancashire, England)

……………………………………

“Afon Llifon” River Lymn [lim] (Lincolnshire, England)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/512914 TF3768 River Limm at Sausthorpe

……………………………………

“Afon Llifon” River Lemon (Devon, England)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/87270 SX8072 The Lemon Valley at Bickington

“Afon Llifon”
River Leeming (North Yorkshire, England)

……………………………………

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SE2989 Leeming Village

“Afon Llifon” Lymm [lim] (Cheshire, England)

SJ6886 The town name apparently from the old name for Bradley Brook flowing through the centre of Lymm

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/49101 Lymm Dam

……………………………………

“Afon Llifon” Lyme Brook (Staffordshire, England);

Newcastle under Lyme

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=309009 SJ8543 Lyme Brook

Also Lyme SJ9683, or Lyme Handley, in Macclesfield, a small civil parish between Disley and Stockport

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/263427

This “Lyme” is the former name for an upland area in eastern Cheshire, and is more likely to be from British leman-io- (= elm tree)
……………………………………

“Afon Llifon” Uisge Leamhna / River Leven (Scotland)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/141459 NS3977 River Leven at Renton

……………………………………

“Afon Llifon” Lymington (Hampshire, England) Old English (Lemun- river name) + (tûn = farm)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/887293 Lymington SZ3295

……………………………………

“Afon Llifon” River Leven [lévøn] (Cumbria, England)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/98184 SD3584 River Leven in backbarrow

……………………………………

“Afon Llifon” Inbhir Lìobhann (Leven, Fife: across the river in Methill is Innerleven)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/831298 NO3800 Beach at Leven

……………………………………

“Afon Llifon” SY3492 River Lim (also spelt Lym), at Lyme Regis (Dorset, England)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/712744 River Lym, at Lyme Regis

……………………………………

7417_prydain_llifon_090302

(delwedd 7417)

The names with ‘m’ (Lyme, Lemon, Lym(inton), Lympne, Lymn, Lyme, Lymm, Leeming) indicate that the name was consolidated in English during the British period, when the British word had [m]; names with [v] (Leven) indicate that they were consolidated in English when British had become Old Welsh, and the intervocalic [m] had become [v], and survives as such in modern Welsh.

Continental Names:

Lac Léman, Genève / Geneva (Lemannus Lacus), which would be “[Llyn] Llifon” in contemporary Welsh

Limonum (Latin name of the tribal centre of the tribe known in Latin as the Pictones, or their later name in Latin Pictavi. It is the site of modern-day Poitiers.) (Equivalent to “Llifon” in modern Welsh)

“Llif-” Lemausum. Modern-day Limours, south-west of Paris.

“Llif-”
fluvia Limia (Pliny). Modern-day Limanha (name of a plain in Occitania) (French: Limagne), by Clarmont d’Alvèrnia or Clarmont-Ferrand in Occitania (French: Clermont-Ferrand)

NOTE: Although some or all of these river names may be derived from British leman-io- (= elm tree) it seems an unlikely tree to have given its name to so many rivers (although in Britain the oak tree – derwen – has given rise to many river names)

:_______________________________.

Lisa LI sa› (feminine noun)
1
(diminutive form of Elisabeth) Lisa

:_______________________________.

litr, litrau
LI tər, LI tre› (masculine noun)
1
litre

:_______________________________.

liw dydd
liu diidh› adverb
1
by day, in daylight
breuddwydio liw dydd daydreaming

ETYMOLOGY: (lliw = light) + (dydd = day); there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adverbial phrase, in this case ll > l; lliw dydd > liw dydd

:_______________________________.

liwt, liwtiau LIUT, LIUT ye› (feminine noun)
1
lute

:_______________________________.

LL, ll
èlh› feminine noun
1
) sixteenth letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
..1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y


:_______________________________.

llaath lhaath›
southern form of llaeth (= milk)
Usually spelt llâth / lla’th
See aa

:_______________________________.

llääth lhääth›
South-eastern form of llaeth (= milk)
Usually spelt llêth / llæth
See aa / llaath

:_______________________________.

llabwst, llabystiau LHA bust, lha BƏST ye› (masculine noun)
1
lout

:_______________________________.

llabyddiad
lha- bədh -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL
llabyddiadau lha-bədh-yâ -de›
1
lapidation, throwing stones as a punishment in order to hurt or kill

ETYMOLOGY: (llabydd-i-, stem of llabyddio = throw stones) + (-ad = suffix for forming nouns denoting an action)

:_______________________________.

llabyddio
lha- bədh -yo› verb
1
stone, punish by throwing stones at

Ioan 10:33
Yr Iddewon a atebasant iddo, gan ddywedyd, Nid am weithred dda yr ydym yn dy labyddio, ond am gabledd, ac am dy fod di, a thithau yn ddyn, yn dy wneuthur dy hun yn Dduw
John 10:33
The Jews answered him, saying, For a good work we stone thee not; but for blasphemy; and because thou, being a man, makest thyself God.

2
stone to death

Eseciel 23:47
A’r dyrfa a’u llabyddiant hwy â meini, ac a’u torrant hwy â’u cleddyfau; au meibion a’u merched a laddant, a’u tai a losgant â thai.
Ezekiel 23:47
And the company shall stone them with stones, and dispatch them with their swords; they shall slay their sons and their daughters, and burn up their houses with fire

Brenhinoedd-1 21:14
Yna yr anfonasant hwy at Jesebel, gan ddywedyd, Naboth a labyddiwyd, ac a fu farw
Kings-1 21:14
Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead

3
strongly criticise, censure;

Mae tueddiad i labyddio’r teledu am fod yn felltith fwyaf ein cyfnod
There’s a tendency to criticise the television as being the biggest curse of our times

4
South Wales ei labyddio ei hun tire oneself out, overdo it, kill oneself through overwork

ETYMOLOGY: (llabydd-) + (+-io); the element llabydd- < llebydd- < British *lapid- < Latin lapid-, from the radical form lapis = stone. The change e to a was made by William Salesbury (c1529-95), translator of the New Testament (1567) into Welsh, to imitate the spelling of the Latin word) .

In Breton labezañ = to lapidate, to stone; to deprecate; to make dirty

:_______________________________.

llabyddiwr lha- bədh -yur› masculine noun
PLURAL
llabyddwyr lha-bədh -wir›
1
stone thrower

ETYMOLOGY: (llabydd-i-, stem of llabyddio = throw stones) + (-wr = agent suffix, man)

:_______________________________.

llaca ‹LHA-ka› (m)
(South Wales)

1 mud (Scots: lair)

2 slime, dirt, muck

3 trw'r llaid a'r llaca through the mud and mire

4 fel moch mewn llaca like a pig wallowing in the mud

5 Pwll-llaca SO0056 Farm by Y Bontnewydd ar Wy, Powys

(Spelt “Pwllaca” on the Ordnance Survey map)

pwll y llaca “(the) pool (of) the mud”, the mud pool

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=230794 map

ETYMOLOGY: Cf Breton lec’hid (= mud)

:_______________________________.

llac LHAK› (adjective)
1
loose
2
(garment) llac eich gwead loose woven


:_______________________________.

llàch
lhakh› feminine noun
PLURAL
llàchiau lhakh -ye›
1
slash, whiplash, lashing, whipstroke, stroke with a whip

2
county of Ceredigion làch = deed, something good or bad done by someone

3
used figuratively, severe criticism; compare the use of ‘lashing’ is used in English (1) flogging (2) scolding, chastisement

rhoi làch ar give a lashing to; to criticise severely (“put a lash on”)

bod gennych eich làch ar have it in for someone, be very critical of (“have your lash on”)

bod gennych eich hen làch ar have it in for someone, be very critical of (“have your old lash on”)

dan eich làch (“be under your lash”), be the object of criticism, be under fire

taflu eich llàch ar let loose on, flagellate, excoriate, criticise (severely) (“throw your
lash on”)

Fe daflodd ei làch ar ystadegau Cylch yr Iaith ynglyn â Saesneg ar y radio
He criticised the statistics of Cylch yr Iaith (organisation for the defence of Welsh, ‘the Language Circle’) regarding English (in Welsh-language programmes) on the radio

cael llàch = (“get a whipstroke”) be criticised

4
làch o ddyn = a vigorous man, a strong man

5
hen làch = a listless man


6 adlach backlash

ETYMOLOGY: English lash, unknown origin, possibly onomatopaeic.

The change of English sh > Welsh ch is to be seen too in the word fflàch (= flash), from English flash


:_______________________________.

llacio
lhak -yo› verb
1 to loosen

Llaciodd ei dei He loosened his tie
Llaciodd ei gafael yn y mwclis She loosened her grip on the necklace

ETYMOLOGY: (llac = loose) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.

lladd
1
to kill
Lladdwyd pob un ohonynt
Every one of them was killed
Fe’i lladda i e! I’ll kill him!

2
Sayings:
A laddo a leddir
He who lives by the sword will die by the sword
(“the-one-who / would-kill / (is) / the-one-who / is-killed”)

Busnesu a laddodd y gath Curiosity killed the cat (“(it-is) busybodying that killed the cat”)

3
lladd ysbryd y gelyn lower the enemy’s morale (“kill (the) spirit (of) the enemy”)

4
fel lladd nadroedd frantically (of work done at great speed) (“like killing snakes”)
bod wrthi fel lladd nadroedd be working away frantically, be working like mad

5
darnladd / darn-ladd half-kill, beat somebody to within an inch of death, give a real belting to, give a real hiding to, to throttle, etc

Colloquially with the loss of the ‘n’ - dar-ladd
dar-laadh›, darladd dar-ladh›, dyrladd dər-ladh›
(darn = part) + soft mutation + (lladd = to kill)

6 lladd yr iâr a cholli’r cywion to kill the goose that lays the golden eggs (“kill the hen and lose the chicks”) – through greed, wanting everything at once, to destroy a source of wealth

7 lladd â phluen (“kill with (a) feather”) damn with faint praise

8 (obsolete meaning; occurs in some fixed expressions) to cut

1-Brenhineodd 7:9 Hyn oll oedd o feini costus, wedi eu naddu wrth fesur, a’u lladd â llif, oddi fewn ac oddi allan, a hynny o’r sylfaen hyd y llogail; ac felly o’r tu allan hyd y cyntedd mawr.

1-Kings 7:9 All these were of costly stones, according to the measures of hewed stones, sawed with saws, within and without, even from the foundation unto the coping, and so on the outside toward the great court.

lladd gwair to cut hay

:_______________________________.

lladdgi
lhadh -gi› masculine noun
PLURAL
lladdgwn lhadh -gun›
1
sheepkiller

ETYMOLOGY: “kill-dog” (lladd = to kill) + soft mutation + (ci = dog)
NOTE: also lladdgi defaid “kill-dog (of) sheep”

:_______________________________.

lladd gwair lhaadh gwair›
1
make hay, cut the grass. According to Fferm a Thyddyn, Rhif 15, Calan Mai 1995 in the county of Môn a distinction is made between cutting grass in June when it is living lladd gwair (“kill grass”) and in July, when it is torri gwair (“cut grass”)

:_______________________________.

lladdiad LHADH-yad› masculine noun
1
killing (especially as a final element in compound words)
..1/ teyrnladdiad regicide
(teyrn = king ) + soft mutation + ( lladdiad = killing, murder )

:_______________________________.

Lladin LHAA din› (feminine noun)
1
Latin

:_______________________________.


lladdwr
lha -dhur› masculine noun
PLURAL
lladdwyr lhadh -wir›
1
(person) killer, slayer
.....hil-laddwr genocide (hil- = race) + soft mutation + (lladdwr = killer)
.....lladdwr llygod rodent officer (“killer of mice / rats”)

2
killer = substance which kills
.....germladdwr germicide (germ = germ) + soft mutation + (lladdwr = killer)
.....llyngyrladdwr vermicide (llyngyr = bowel worms) + soft mutation + (lladdwr = killer)
.....plaladdwr pesticide (pla = plague) + soft mutation + (lladdwr = killer, substance for killing)


ETYMOLOGY: (lladd-, stem of lladd = to kill) + (-wr suffix for forming adjectives indicating an agent)

:_______________________________.

lladrad
LHA-drad› [ˡɬadrad] masculine noun
PLURAL
lladradau lha-DRAA-dai, -e› [ɬaˡdrɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1
robbery, theft, thieving, larceny, stealing

2
adjective stolen

3
byw ar ffrwyth lladrad live off stolen property, live off ill-gotten gains, live off the proceeds of theft (“live on (the) fruit (of) theft”)

4
eiddo lladrad stolen goods (“property + stolen”)


5
nwyddau lladrad stolen goods, stolen property, plunder
deliwr mewn nwyddau lladrad dealer in stolen goods

6
lladrad noeth (said of an excessive price) daylight robbery, downright robbery (“bare theft, naked robbery”)

7
lladrad pen ffordd highway robbery (“thieving (at) the (head) of (the) road”, i.e. a road junction)

8 mân-ladrad petty theft (“little theft”)

9 lladratgar thieving < lladrát-gar
(lladrod = damage) + (-gar suffix for forming adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru = to love)

ETYMOLOGY: probably (lladr-, taken from lladron = thieves) + (-ad = suffix)


:_______________________________.

lladrata
lha-DRA-ta› [ɬaˡdrata] (verb)
1 steal
2 lladrata (rhywbeth) oddi ar / oddi wrth (rywun) steal (something) from (somebody)


:_______________________________.

lladratgar
lha-DRAT-gar› [ɬaˡdratgar] adj
1 thieving

ETYMOLOGY:
lladratgar < lladrát-gar (lladrad = theft) +
(-gar suffix for forming adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru = to love)

:_______________________________.

lladron LHA-dron› [ˡɬadrɔn] (plural noun)
1
thieves. See lleidr

:_______________________________.

llaes
LHAIS› [ɬaɪs] (adjective)
1
loose

:_______________________________.

llaesu
LHEI-si› [ˡɬəɪsɪ] verb
1
slacken, loosen

2
Dyw e byth yn llaesu dwylo He never slackens, He never relaxes his efforts, He sticks at it constantly
(“he never slackens hands”)

:_______________________________.

llaeth
LHAITH› [ɬaɪθ] (masculine noun)
1
milk

2
gwlad sy’n llifeirio o laeth â mêl a land flowing with milk and honey , a place of abundance and contentment

Exodus
3:8 A mi a ddisgynnais i'w gwaredu hwy o law yr Eifftiaid, ac i'w dwyn o'r wlad honno i wlad dda a helaeth, i wlad yn llifeirio o laeth a mêl; i le y Canaaneaid, a'r Hethiaid, a'r Amoriaid, a'r Pheresiaid, yr Hefiaid hefyd, a'r Jebusiaid.
Exodus 3:8 And I am come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that land unto a good land and a large, unto a land flowing with milk and honey; unto the place of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites.

Exodus
33:2 A mi a anfonaf angel o'th flaen di, ac a yrraf allan y Canaanead, yr Amoriad, a'r Hethiad, y Pheresiad, yr Hefiad, a'r Jebusiad: (33:3) I wlad yn llifeirio o laeth â mel: oherwydd nid af fi i fyny yn dy blith; oblegid pobl wargaled wyt: rhag i mi dy ddifa ar y ffordd.
Exodus 33:2 And I will send an angel before thee; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite: (33:3) Unto a land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up in the midst of thee; for thou art a stiffnecked people: lest I consume thee in the way.

3
fel cath am laeth (“like (a) cat for milk”) said of somebody who drinks too much beer, or other alcoholic drinks

4
llaeth tewychedig condensed milk


5 gwerthwr llaeth dairyman, milk seller

6 irlaeth first milk of a cow after calving
(ir = fresh, new) + soft mutation + (llaeth = milk)

7 Sayings:
..a/ Gorau enllyn, enllyn llaeth The best companage is milk, the best thing to have with dry bread is milk


..b/ Tri enllyn iechyd: mêl, ymenyn a llaeth The three companages for health are honey, butter and milk


:_______________________________.

llaethfwyd
LHEITH-vuid› [ˡɬəɪθvʊɪd] m
PLURAL
llaethfwydydd lheith-VUI-didh› [ɬəɪθˡvʊɪdɪð]
1 dairy product, dairy food; dairy products, dairy foods

ETYMOLOGY: (llaeth = milk ) + soft mutation + ( bwyd = food)


:_______________________________.

llafar LHAA-var› [ˡɬɑˑvar] (adjective)
1
spoken

yr iaith lafar the spoken language

carreg lafar echo stone

2
noisy

3
(stream names) babbling, burbling

Nant Lafar stream flowing into Afon Ceiriog in Llansantffráid Glyn Ceiriog

4 cyflafar (obsolete) (cyf-, prefix = together) + soft mutation + (llafar = loud, noisy; spoken)
..(a) (adjective) noisy;
..(b) (masculine noun) speaking together, parley, conference
Occurs as an element in the modern words cylafareddu (= to arbitrate), cylafareddiad
(= arbitration)

ETYM
OLOGY:

:_______________________________.

llafariad, llafariaid
lha-VAR-yad,-lha-VAR-yed› [ɬaˡvarjad, ɬaˡvarjaɪd, -ɛd]
 
(feminine noun)
1
vowel
2
blaendoriad llafariad (“front-cutting (of) vowel”) aphesis = the disappearance of a vowel at the beginning of a word


:_______________________________.

llafariad dywyll
lha-VAR-yad DƏ-wilh› [ɬaˡvarjad ˡdəwɪɬ] (feminine noun)
1
obscure vowel, schwa (represented by “y” in Welsh) (“dark vowel”)

:_______________________________.

llafn (“llafan”), llafnau
LHAVN, LHAA-van, LHAV-nai, -e› [ɬavn, ˡɬavan, ˡɬavnaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
(pronunciation respelling “llafan” in colloquial dialogues, etc)

1
blade
llafn bwyell axe blade
llafn cyllell haearn an iron knife blade
llafn rasel razorblade
llafn trywel trowel blade


:_______________________________.

llafur
LHAA-vir› [ˡɬɑˑvɪr] (masculine noun)

1 labour = productive work done in return for payment, (USA: labor), work done for wages

2 labour = an instance of hard effort, toil

llafur caled (punishment) hard labour
llafur a lludded toil and drudgery
trwy fawr lafur with great toil, through hard work

mae trefnu'r eisteddfod ei hun yn golygu llafur mawr i'r trefnwyr.
organising an eisteddfod means a lot of work for the organisers

tua diwedd y ddeunawfed ganrif lluniwyd orgraff wyddonol a oedd yn gyson â thraddodiad gorau y cyfnodau cynharach, trwy lafur Syr John Morris-Jones, yn
brif ac yn bennaf
towards the end of the nineteeth century a scientific orthography was devised which was in keeping with the best tradition of the earliest periods, through the work of Syr John Morris-Jones first and foremost

3 labour = the non-capitalist section of society, the people who work in return for wages
cyfalaf a llafur capital and labour
undeb llafur trade union, labour union
plaid lafur partit laborista
y Blaid Lafur the Labour Party
Llafur Labour = the Labour Party
Gŵyl Lafur Labour Day (first of May)

4 (Nonconformist denominations) homework = items (verses, hymns) learned during week for Sunday school

5 llafur cariad labour of love; a task done done for pleasure which involves time and effort and is not rewarded by payment

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh llafur = lláfur < *llafú:r < *llafó:r < British < Latin labôr-em
From the same British root: Cornish lavur

6
(South Wales) corn
cae llafur field of cereals
torri llafur cut corn
cynhaeaf llafur corn harvest
tir llafur land for growing corn
fel hwch mewn llafur attentively (“like a sow in corn”)

:_______________________________.

llafurfa lha-VIR-VA› [ɬaˡvɪrva] feminine noun
PLURAL
llafurféydd lha-vir-VEIDH› [ɬavɪrˡvəɪð]
1
(obsolete) laboratory
Now: labordy

ETYMOLOGY: (llafur = labour, work) + (fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)

:_______________________________.

llai LHAI› [ɬaɪ] (masculine noun)
1
less

2
(ni) + gallu llai na “not be able (to do) less than”
ni allai lai na methu he was doomed to failure, it was inevitable that he’d fail

3
neb llai na none other than

:_______________________________.

llai a llai lhai a LHAI-oo› [ɬaɪ a ˡɬaɪ]
1 less and less
Mae tanwydd ffosil yn mynd yn llai a llai o hyd Fossil fuel is getting scarcer and scarcer

2
llai a llai o less and less, fewer and fewer
llai a llai o amser less and less time
llai a llai o bobl fewer and fewer people
Ma llai a llai o bobl yn pleidleisio yn yr etholiadau lleol Fewer and fewer people are voting in local elections
llai a llai o Gymraeg less and less Welsh

ETYMOLOGY: ‘less and less of’ (llai = less) + (a = and) + (llai = less) + (o = of)

:_______________________________.

llaid, lleidiau LHAID, LHEID-yai, -e› [ˡɬaɪd, ˡɬəɪdjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
mud
llaid meddal soft mud
lleidiog muddy
lleden y llaid.
Platichthys flesus. Flounder

2
sefyll allan fel llaid ar farch gwyn stick out like a sore thumb = be very obvious

“stand out like mud on a white horse”
(sefyll allan = stand out) + (fel = like) + (llaid = mud) + (ar = on) + soft mutation + (march gwyn = white horse)

:_______________________________.

’lla i ddim lhai DHIM› [ɬaɪ ˡðɪm]
1
I can’t - clipped version de alla i ddim (qv), used in rapid speech

:_______________________________.

llain LHAIN› [ɬaɪn] f
PLURAL
lleiniau LHEIN-yai, -e› [ˡɬəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 strip = narrow piece of something, usually quite long, and with a constant width

2 strip of land
llain lydan wide strip of land

3 llain laswellt grass verge (“strip (of) grass”)

4 plot of land
llain adeiladu building plot

5 llain lanio airstrip
llain galed, lleiniau caled lhain GAA-led, LHEIN-yai, -ye, KAA-led› [ɬaɪn ˡgɑˑlɛd, ˡɬəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡkɑˑlɛd] (Englandic) motorway hard shoulder, hard shoulder of a motorway
llain gysgodi shelter belt, belt of trees acting as a shelter for a field, house, from the wind
llain ganol, lleiniau canol
lhain GAA-nol, lhein-ye-KA-nol› [ɬaɪn ˡgɑˑnɔl, ˡɬəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡkɑˑnɔl] (Englandic:) central reservation of a motorway, (USA:) median strip

6 strip of cloth
llain chwys sweatband

7 llain griced (f) lleiniau criced cricket pitch

llain fowlio (f) lleiniau bowlio bowling green

8 field names, and names of houses and roads which were originally field names

..a/ Llain y Delyn, Llain Delyn ‘strip of the harp, harp-shaped strip’

..b/ Llain Fanal Llangynfelyn (county of Ceredigion) (y llain fanadl = “the strip (of land) (by the) broom (bushes)”

..c/ Llain-goch (Caergybi, Ynys Môn) ‘red strip’

Also in the plural form, lleiniau, which in the south is lleinau (lleine) (the i- at the beginning of a final syllable is generally absent in the south) (and final -au is pronounced, and sometimes written, -e in the south-west, and -a in the south-east)
Lleinau
(1) farm 6km north-east of Aberteifi
(2) farm 2km north-east of Llanboudy
(3) farm in Aber-nant (“Llainau” on the map)

ETYMOLOGY: llain < lla|in (two syllables) < Old Irish láigen (= spear) (modern Irish: láighe = spear)

NOTE: in the South lleiniau > llein’au (lleine, lleina)

:_______________________________.

llais, lleisiau (“lleishe”) LHAIS, LHEIS-yai, -ye, LHEI-she› [ˡɬaɪs, ˡɬəɪsjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡɬəɪʃɛ] (masculine noun)
1
voice
llais main a reedy voice
mewn llais dirdynedig
in a tense voice
dweud rhywbeth mewn llais garw say something in a rough voice, say something roughly

2 llais fel llew (“a voice like a lion”) said of a man with a strong singing voice:
Mae ganddo lais fel llew He has a powerful voice (“he’s got a voice like a lion”)

3
codi llais yn erbyn (rhywbeth) speak out against (something) (“raise a voice against”)

4
‘murmur’ (referring to the sound of running water)
In house names

..a/ Llais y Nant / Llais-y-nant (“(the) murmur / sound / voice (of) the stream”)
Llais-nant name of a house in Llandrillo

..b/ Llais yr Afon / Llaisyrafon (“(the) murmur / sound / voice (of) the river”)
Street name.

Llaisafon Ffair-fach, Llandeilo (county of Caerfyrddin) (“Llais Afon”)
Nantlais (qv) house name and street name
“stream-voice”, the sound of the stream (nant = stream) + soft mutation + (llais = voice)

5 ‘murmur’ (referring to the sound of the wind or breeze)

In house names
..a/ Llais yr Awel / Llaisyrawel (“(the) sound / voice (of) the wind”)

:_______________________________.

llaith LHAITH› [ɬaɪθ] (adjective)
1
damp, humid

2 lleithder
LHEITH-der› [ˡɬəɪθdɛr] (masculine noun) damp, humidity

:_______________________________.

llall LHALH› [ɬaɬ] (pronoun)
1
y llall = the other one

2
i mewn trwy un glust ac allan trwy’r llall in one ear and out the other, in at one ear and out at the other

Mae e’n mynd i mewn trwy un glust ac allan trwy’r llall It goes in one ear with him and out the other

:_______________________________.

llam LHAM› [ɬam] masculine noun
PLURAL
llamau LHA-mai, -e› [ˡɬamaɪ, -ɛ]
1
leap, jump = act of leaping
cynyddu o lam i lam increase by leaps and bounds
cynyddu bob yn llam increase by leaps and bounds

2
place from which one might jump

3
leap = clifftop place from which people or animals might leap;
llam cariadon (qv) lovers’ leap

Llam y Cariadau (qv) Lovers’ Leap (place name); hymn title

Llam Carw (qv) = llam y carw, (the) leap (of) the deer

4
the distance of a leap

5
hedlam flying leap < ehedlam
ar hedlam with a flying leap (ehedu = to fly)

6
llam llyffant (children’s game) leapfrog, where one child bends forward and another leaps over from behind

7
leap (of heartbeat)
Rhoes ei chalon lam
Her heart leapt, Her heart skipped a beat (“her heart gave a leap”)

8
(Heraldry) ar y llam (animal) salient, leaping

9
rhoi llam i’r tywyllwch take a leap in the dark, engage in some venture without knowing the likely consequences (“give a leap to the darkness”)

10
carlam (qv) a gallop; < carw-lam ‘deer-leap’

11
ar un llam in one leap

12
llamau afon stepping stones in a river

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
from the same British root: Cornish: lamm = (leap), Breton lamm = (leap);
from the same Celtic root: Irish léim (= leap), Manx lheim (= leap)

:_______________________________.

Llambad LHAM-bad› [ˡɬambad] feminine noun
1
South-east Wales a local form of Llanbedr = church (of) (Saint) Peter.

Iit is used for example for Llanbedr y Fro ST0876 (county of Bro Morgannwg)
(English name: Peterstone-super-Ely)

“the Llanbedr which is in Y Fro, the Llanbedr which is in The Lowland”

Y Fro is a short form of Bro Morgannwg “(the) lowland (of) Morgannwg”

ETYMOLOGY: See Llambed < Llanbedr (“church of Saint Peter·”)
 In the south-east, as in the north-east, the e in a final syllable > a

:_______________________________.

Llambed LHAM-bed› [ˡɬambɛd] feminine noun
1
local form of Llanbedr, the short form of the town name Llanbedr Pont Steffan (“= church (of) (Saint) Peter (by) (the) bridge (of) Steffan”)

2
Llambad (qv) = local form of Llanbedr y Fro (village in the county of Bro Morgannwg)

ETYMOLOGY: Llambed < Llambedr.

The change n > m before a b is normal in colloquial Welsh, and is a characteristic in many languages.

Cf English embark < French < Occitan en- (= in) + barca (= boat).

The final “r” after the consonants d, t is dropped in some polysyllabic words in colloquial Welsh:
arad < aradr (= plough)
cebyst < cebystr (= halter (rope for holding animals); hangman’s noose;)
ffenest < ffenestr (= window)
llanast < llanastr (= mess)
rhaead < rhaeadr (= waterfall)

:_______________________________.

llam cariadon LHAM kar-YAA-don› [ɬam karˡjɑˑdɔn] masculine noun
1
(tradition) lovers’ leap, high place from which two lovers leap to their deaths because there is no possibilty of them marrying - the father of the girl has denied his permission to the suitor, or the girl is the unwilling fiancée of another man

llam y cariadon the lovers’ leap
Llam y Cariadau (qv) Lovers’ Leap (place name)

:_______________________________.

Llam Carw lham KAA-ru› [ɬam ˡkɑˑrʊ] masculine noun
1
SH4593 headland in the county of Môn, on the north coast of the island, 1 km north-east of Amlwch

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH4593

ETYMOLOGY: llam y carw “(the) leap (of) the deer”; (llam = leap) + (y = the) + (carw = deer)

The linking definite article is often dropped in place names:
llam y carw > llam carw

:_______________________________.

llamjet LHAM-jet› [ˡɬamjɛt] feminine noun
PLURAL
llamjetiau lham-JET-yai, -e› [ɬamˡjɛtjaɪ, -ɛ]
1
jumpjet

ETYMOLOGY: (llam-, stem of llamu = to jump) + (jet = jet plane)


:_______________________________.

llamu
LHA-mi› [ˡɬamɪ] (verb)
1
to jump, to leap

2
(sparks) leap, fly
Yr oedd y gwreichion yn llamu oddi ar yr engan the sparks flew from the anvil (“jumped from on the anvil”)

:_______________________________.

Llam y Cariadau LHAM ə kar-YAA-dai, -e› [ˡɬam ə karˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1
Place in Cwm y Gof, Llandrindod (county of Powys)

 
2 Name of a hymn composed R. S. Hughes, who was the choirmaster of Bethesda Chapel (Independents) in Bethesda, Gwynedd. He died at the early age of 38 in 1893.

ETYMOLOGY: “leap of the lovers”, lovers’ leap; (llam = leap) + (y = definite article) + (cariadau = lovers, plural form of cariad = lover) .

NOTE: The plural form in standard Welsh has the suffix -on instead of –au (cariadon)

:_______________________________.

Llamyrewig lham ər EU-ig› [ˡɬam ər ˡɛʊɪg]
1
SO1593 locality and parish in northern Powys, 5km north-west of Y Drenewydd

On the Ordnance Survey map as “Llanmerewig”, as if the first element were llan = church; this distorted form with llan seems odd and unlikely to be a genuine llan name since there would be a soft mutation after llan, to give *Llanferewig – though in the south-east there is an Englished form of the name Llanfihangel which appears on maps as Llanmihangel, without the sot mutation of the ‘m’.

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1593

ETYMOLOGY: Not an ecclesiastical name, but llam yr ewig “leap (of) the hind”;
(llam = leap) + (yr = definite article) + (ewig = hind, female deer).

A few other place names in Wales show the change of the y of the definite article > e

:_______________________________.

llan LHAN› [ɬan] feminine noun
PLURAL
llannau LHA-nai, -e› [ˡɬanaɪ, -ɛ]
1
In many areas where Celtic was once spoken, there are settlement names based on compounds with Celtic lann- (= land) (It is from the same Indo-European root as English ‘land’)

Example: Celtic medio-lan- (‘middle land’), Latinised as ‘Mediolanum’

..1/ Chateaumeillant (Cher, France) (= Mediolanum Biturigum)

..2/ ‘Mediolanum’ was the name of the Roman settlement at Whitchurch, Shropshire, England,

..3/ ‘Mediolanum’ was also the Roman name of the place at Cae Gaer (SN8281) 6km south-east of Pumlumon mountain, mid-Wales

..4/ Medelingen (Mosel, Germany),

..5/ Meilen (Zürich, Switzerland),

..6/ Milan / Milano (Italy)

2
(obsolete) this element in Welsh has the sense of ‘open land’ in llannerch (qv) (= woodland glade)

3
(obsolete) enclosure = place within a fence or wall (retains this sense in certain compound words)

..1/ coedlan = plantation
(coed = trees, wood) + soft mutation + (llan)

..2/ corfflan (obsolete) cemetery
(corff = body) + soft mutation + (llan = enclosure)

..3/ corlan = sheepfold;
cordd (= herd) + soft mutation + (llan) > *corddlan > corlan

..4/ creulan (obsolete) battlefield (“blood-field”)
( creu (penultimate form of crau) + soft mutation + (-llan = land)

..5/ gwinllan = vineyard
(gwin = qine) + soft mutation + (llan) > *gwinlan > gwinllan

..6/ perllan = orchard (literally: pear enclosure)
(pêr = pears) + soft mutation + (llan) *perlan > perllan

..7/ treflan = village
(tref = trêv, hamlet)

..8/ ydlan = rickyard
(yd = corn) + soft mutation + (llan)

3
(obsolete) (especially in place names) enclosure of consecrated ground, cell of a missionary of the Celtic Church, hermitage, little church, church

Henllan (qv) (place name) old church

Also with the sense of ‘church’ in the modern coining cadeirlan (= cathedral) (cadair = “cathedra, throne”) + (“church”)

..1/ place names – generally with the name of the saint to which a church is dedicated
Llangadwaladr church of Cadwaladr

..2/ place names – sometimes with a stream name or river name

North-west Wales:

Afon Cefni / Llangefni, Ynys Môn
Afon Llyfni / Llanllyfni SH4751 (county of Gwynedd) (the river Llyfni)

North-east Wales:
Afon Elwy / Llanelwy SJ0374(county of Dinbych) (the river Elwy)
Afon Rhaeadr / Llanrhaeadr (county of Powys) (the river Rhaeadr)

South-west Wales:
Afon Camarch / Llangamarch (county of Powys) (the river Cmarch)

South-east Wales:
Afon Taf / Llan-daf ST1577 (county of Caer-dydd) (the river Taf)

..3/ Often many churches had the same dedication, and so the church or the later village around it were distinguished by adding a tag – a nearby geographical feature, or the name of the administrative unit

Llanfair yn Muallt – the Llanfair (Mary Church) in the kantrev of Buellt (ym Muellt, later ym Muallt, through the influence of the word allt = wooded hill)

In some place names of the type (Llan + saint’s name + territorial name), a contracted form may result where the saint’s name is dropped

Llanfair yn Rhos (the ‘Llanfair’ in the kantrev of Rhos) > Llan-rhos

Llanfihangel y Rug (the ‘Llanfihangel’ of the township of ‘Y Rug’ (the heather) > Llan-rug

Llanarmon ym Mechain
“(the) Llanarmon (which is) (in the kántrev of) Mechain” > Llanfechain

-----------------------------
..4/ in some place names, llan has come to replace another word.

-----------------------------

.....(4a) the original form is sometimes lan (the soft-mutated form of glan = riverbank)

The fact that the first element is glan is often evident because

..a/ the expected soft mutation after llan is absent, and

..b/ the element after llan is a stream name, rather than a saint’s name

There are, however, some genuine llan names which are followed by a river name, though the names have soft mutation:

Cefni / Llangefni,

Taf / Llan-daf,

Elwy / Llanelwy, etc (more examples under Llanaran)

As can be seen in these examples, after glan there is no soft mutation.
This phenomenon seems to be south-eastern.

Llanbradach < Lanbradach < Glanbradach

Llancaeach < Lancaeach < Glancaeach

Llanmorlais < Lanmorlais < Glanmorlais

Llan-nant < Lan-nant < Glan-nant < Glan-y-nant
(farm SN5700 by Casllwchwr)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=180437

 

Llan-y-nant < Glan-y-nant (farm near Tryleg, Sir Fynwy / Monmouthshire) SO4902

Llanrhymni (district in Caer-dydd) < Lanrhymni < Glanrhymni (bank of the river Rhymni)

Llan-wysg < Lan- wysg < Glan- wysg (farm ST3799 south of Brynbuga / Usk, county of Mynwy)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1268571

Llanyrafon (district in Cwm-brân, Gwent) < Lanyrafon < Glanyrafon (bank of the river)

7473_llan_lan_glan_080403
(delwedd 7473)

-----------------------------

.....(4b) sometimes the original form has nant (= valley) (modern Welsh: = stream)

Llanberis < Nantperis / Nant Peris
Llancarfan < Nantcarfan / Nant Carfan
Llantriddid
< Nantrhirid / Nant Rhirid
Llantarnam < Nant-teyrnon < Llanfihangel Nant Teyrnon
Llantoni < Nant-hodni < Llanddewi Nant Hodni

Llanboudy
(Ceredigion) is apparently < Nantbeudy

-----------------------------

..... (4c) In Pont-llan-fraith it is llyn (= lake) < Pont-y-llyn-fraith the bridge by the dappled river-pool

-----------------------------

4
parish church

..1/ cloch y llan the church bell, the bell of the parish church

..2/ Tan-y-llan / Tan-llan common place name – ‘below the parish church’
(the Census of 1851 notes that Owen Owens (farmer, 48 years old, 350 acres, employing 4 labourers) lived at Tan-llan (Tanllan, Llangynfelyn, Ceredigion)

..3/ Street name:
Is-y-llan (“below the church”) Llanddarog (county of Caerfyrddin) (“Is-Y-Llan”)

..4/
Plas-y-llan Name in Yr Eglwysnewydd (Caer-dydd) noted by John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911)
“PLAS-Y-LLAN (the mansion by the church.) A house at Whitchurch, the residence of Ignatius WILLIAMS, esq., J.P.”
(plas = mansion) + (y definite article) + (llan = church) “(the) mansion (by) the church”

Maes-llan (qv) street names in various places
maes y llan “(the) field (of) the church”, church field
(maes = field) + (y = definite article) + (llan = church)

The linking definite article is often omitted in place names
maes y llan > maes llan


5
church = Anglican church (with the change of religion from Roman Catholicism in 1534 (Act of Supremacy) the churches became Anglican)

Daeth Mr Parry y person i mewn... “Wel, frawd, mi fydd siawns i ni gael y’ch gweled yn y llan dipyn amlach, nawr” (Melin-y-ddôl / William a Myfanwy Eames / 1948 / tudalen 56)
Mr. Parry the parson came in. “Well, brother, we’ll have the chance now to see you in the church a bit more often.”

Y Llan = the Anglican Church
Y Llan = name of a Welsh-language magazine of the Anglican Church
 
6 (North Wales) village = village with a parish church; (Scotland: kirktown, kirkton)
Yn y llan mae o’n byw rwan
He lives in the village now

Y Llan = the village of Ffestiniog.

Also called Llan Ffestiniog, Llan Stiniog

Gan fy mod yn byw yn y Llan, roedd yn rhaid mynd a dwad i’r ysgol (ym Mlaenau Ffestiniog) ar y trên... Casglwr 53, Awst 1994
Since I lived in the Llan it was necessary to go to and come back from the school (in Blaenau Ffestiniog) on the train

Between llan and the following element there may be a dropped definite article. This in some cases explains why the expected soft mutation after llan is absent (e.g. Llantrisant, ).

 

 

a/ llan y byddair = church of the deaf people Llanybydder / Llanbydder

(the official form of the name retains the definite article, and spells literary’ai’ (Middle Welsh ‘ei’) as ‘e’, which reflects the colloquial pronunciation.

 

Lewys Glyn Cothi (c. 1420 – 1490), also known as Llywelyn y Glyn, mentions in his Marwnad Gwenllian, Merch Rhys... (Elegy for Gwenllian, daughter of Rhys...) the name ‘Llan y Byddair’ (or at least so spelt in ‘The Poetical Works of Lewis Glyn Cothi, a Celebrated Bard, who Flourished in the Reigns of Henry VI, Edward IV, Richard III, and Henry VII. 1837)

 

It is ‘byddeir’ in Manuscripts In The Welsh Language. Vol. I. 1898.

Page 288 Mostyn Manuscript 212li: sion benarw kyff kenedl o lan y byddeir

 

In Welch Piety continued ; or, a farther Account of the circulating Welch Charity Schools Volume 5 / Griffith Jones / 1742 it is ‘Llanbydder’ without the definite article.

 

b/ llan y ddeusant = church of the two saints Llanddeusant

 

c/ llan y gwyryfon = church of (saint Ursula and) the (eleven thousand) virgins Llangwyryfon

 

d/ llan y trisant = church of the three saints Llantrisant

 

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh llan < llann < British *landâ < cèltic

From the same British root: Breton lann (place names = church), Cornish lann (place names = church)

In the Hibernian languages – Irish lann (literary word) (= ground, land; building, church)

From the same Indo-European root:

(1) (from Latin) Catalan landa (= sandy moorland), Occitan landa (= sandy moorland) (Basque landa = field, from Occitan), French lande (and hence English lawn, Welsh lawnt)

(2) (from Germanic) English land (= land), German Land (= land)

:_______________________________.

y Llan ə LHAN› [ə ˡɬan]
1
short name for place names with Llan- as the first element
..1/ Y Llan = Llantrisant

tref y Llan = the town of Llantrisant

Saif hen blas y Collena ar war Tonyrefail. Mae wedi ei adeiladu ar le mor ysgafn fel y gellir gweled o’r ffenestri dref y Llan a’r holl wlad rhwng y ddwy dref (Cyfaddasiad o Hanes Tonyrefail - Atgofion am y Lle a’r Hen Bobl. Thomas Morgan. 1899, Caerdydd. Tudalen 28)
The old mansion of Y Collena is situated up behind Tonyrefail. It is built in such an apt place that you can see through the windows the town of Y Llan (Llantrisant) and all the countryside between the two towns (= Llantrisant and Tonyrefail)

..2/ Y Llan = Llan Ffestiniog (See Ffestiniog)
Mynd o’r Llan i Flaenau Ffestiniog efo’r trên
Go by train from Llan Ffestiniog to Blaenau Ffestiniog

..3/ Y Llan = Llanrhaeadr ym Mochnant

:_______________________________.

Llanallgo lhan-ALH-go› [ɬanˡaɬgɔ] (feminine noun)
1
SH5085 village, island of Môn

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/38557 church

:_______________________________.

Llanaran lhan-GAA-ran› [ɬanˡgɑˑran]
1
(Gwent-in-England) village 9km north of Trefynwy (= Monmouth) in Herefordshire,
on the Afon Garan “(the) river (of the) crane”

(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Garan river name).

The form on English-language maps is ‘Llangarron’.

NOTE: The pattern (llan + river name) is not common, but examples of this are

Llan-daf (Afon Taf),

Llanddulas (Afon Dulas) (county of Dinbych)
SH9078

Llanddulas
(Afon Dulas) (county of Powys) SN8741

Llangamarch
(Afon Camarch),

Llanelwy SJ0374 (county of Dinbych) (Afon Elwy),

Llanllyfni SH4751 (county of Gwynedd) (Afon Llyfni)

:_______________________________.

Llanarmon lhan-AR-mon› [ɬanˡarmɔn]

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) church (of) Garmon”, Saint Germanus’s Church.

(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Garmon = Germanus).

:_______________________________.

Llanarmon ym Mechain lhan-AR-mon əm MEE-khain [ɬanˡarmɔn əm ˡmeˑxaɪn]

1 The original name of Llanfechain SJ1820 (county of Powys), a village by the side of Afon Cain / the river Cain

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/750165 yr eglwys / the church

7509_llanfechain_090423
(delwedd 7509)

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) Llanarmon (which is in the kántrev) (of) Mechain”

(Llanarmon) + (ym, form of the preposition yn before a word beginning with m) + (Mechain name of the kántrev, a medieval district).

Mechain is “(the) plain (of) (the river) Cain” < *Mechein < *Ma-chein
(ma = plain) + spirant mutation + (Cein, the older form of Cain river name)

:_______________________________.

llanastr (llanast’) LHA-nastr, LHA-nast› [ˡɬanastr, ˡɬanast] (masculine noun)
1
mess

:_______________________________.

Llanbad LHAN-bad› [ˡɬanbad]
1
The name Llanbad is the south-eastern form of Llanbedr

...(1) in this name generally in Welsh the final ‘r’ is lost Llanbedr > Llanbed

...(2) In south-east Wales an ‘e’ in a final syllable becomes ‘a’ (this is also typical of the Welsh of the North-west) Llanbed > Llanbad
7423_seren_seran_fersiwn_fer_090304

...(3) Although Llanbad is the form found on the map, the spoken form of Llanbedr usually has the change n > m before ‘b’
Llanbed > Llambed, Llanbad > Llambad

(A change typical of many European languages – cf the name of the town in the English Midlands “Banbury”, colloqually “Bambry”)

2
Llanbad Fawr is a farm north of Brynna SS9883 (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) and south-west of the remains of Llan Bedr ar Fynydd SS9885 (“Llan Bedr on mountain”)

The farm is by Llan Bedr = (the) church (of) Peter) (on English-language maps marked as ‘St. Peter’s Church’).

3
By Llanbad Fawr farm there is
...(1) Nant Llanbad (the stream of Llanbad farm, or of Llanbedr church), and
...(2) Cwm Llanbad (the valley of the Llanbad stream)

:_______________________________.

Llanbedr (“Llanbed / Llambed”) LHAN-bedr, LHAN-bed, LHAM-bed› [ˡɬanbɛdr, ˡɬanbɛd, ˡɬambɛd] (feminine noun)
1
Name of many villages

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) church (of) Peter”, Saint Peter’s Church.
 (llan = church) + soft mutation + (Pedr = Peter).

..a/ through assimilation, n + b becomes m + b
Other examples of this change occur i Welsh. For example, enbyd (= danger) > embyd

..b/ A final -r in the consonant cluster –dr and –tr is dropped in colloquial Welsh
ffenestr (= window) > ffenest
Llangynidr
(= place name) > Llangynid
Cadwaladr
(= forename) > ’Dwalad

:_______________________________.

Llan-bryn-mair lhan-brin-MAIR› [ɬanbrɪnˡmaɪr]
1
(SH8800) locality in Maldwyn (Powys);
2
a parish at this place

ETYMOLOGY: The name means (“(the) church (at) Bryn-mair”)

Before the 1400s the place was simply Bryn-mair
(“(the) hill (of) (the Virgin) Mary”)
(bryn = hill) + (Mair = Mary).

Later Llan (= parish church) was added.

NOTE: The Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd / Gazetteer of Welsh Place Names, which lists recommended forms, has the infelicitous Llanbryn-mair.

Under the entry aere (= attack) in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary (tudalen / page 37) there appears the more logical spelling Llan-bryn-mair

:_______________________________.

llanc, llanciau LHANGK, LHANGK-yai, -e› [ˡɬaŋk, ˡɬaŋkjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
lad

:_______________________________.

llances, llancesau LHANG-kes, LHANG-ke-sai, -e› [ˡɬaŋkɛs, ˡɬaŋkɛsaɪ, -ɛ]
 
(feminine noun)
1
lass

:_______________________________.

Llandderfael lhan-DHER-vail› [ɬanˡðɛrvaɪl]
Local form: Llandderfel lhan-DHER-vel› [ɬanˡðɛrvɛl]

This local form is also the offical form of the name, though this is somewhat unusual because in general the literary spelling (and pronunciation) is preferred for use as the standard name

The diphthong ae is reduced to e over much of Wales in the spoken language

1 (SH9837) village in the county of Gwynedd.
Also the name of a parish at this place

ETYMOLOGY:
llan Dderfael “(the) church (of) Derwfael”
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Derfael name of a Celtic saint).

Derfael
DER-vail› [ˡdɛrvaɪl], now usually Derfel, is from Derwfael DERW-vail› [ˡdɛrwvaɪl],


(derW - a word now obsolete in modern Welsh - = true) + soft mutation + (mael = prince, leader).

From the same Celtic root, and corresponding to Welsh derw in the Hibernian Celtic languages:
Irish dearbh (= real, true),
Scottish dearbh (= sure, certain)

There is a hill by the village called Bryn Derfel (“(the) hill (of) Derfel”)

NOTE: Robert Jones Derfel, (1824-1905), a radical author born near Llandderfel, adopted Derfel as a surname.

Derfel
is in use as a male forename, and usually indicates some connection with the parish of Llandderfael

3
Llandderfael / ‘Llanderfal’ ST2695 locality in Torfaen (Gwent)

(on map as Llanderfel Farm)
The ruins of Llandderfael chapel are nearby on Mynydd Maen

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=175868


:_______________________________.

Llandderfel ñ lhan-DHER-vel› [ɬanˡðɛrvɛl]
1
See: Llandderfael

:_______________________________.

Llanddeusant lhan-DHEI-sant› [ɬanˡðəɪsant] (feminine noun)
1
village name, north-east (church of the two saints - Marchell, Marchellin)

:_______________________________.

Llanddewi lhan-DHEU-i› [ɬanˡðɛʊɪ]

1 church of David

:_______________________________.

Llanddewi Cilpeddeg lhan-DHEU-i kil-PEE-dheg [ɬanˡðɛʊɪ kɪlˡpeˑðɛg]
1
(SO4430) locality in ‘Gwent-in-England’, in the county of Herefordshire, England, 6km northeast of Pontrilas

English name: Kilpeck

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) Llanddewi (at) Cilpeddeg”). Llanddewi = chruch of David; Cilpeddeg is “source (of the stream called) Peddeg”

(cil = corner, nook; source) + (Peddeg meaning unknown, but the name of two other streams in the south-east)

(Etymologies suggesting that cil is ‘monastic cell’, and that Peddeg is an ‘unknown saint’, are erroneous; cil in this sense is an Irish word, and is from Latin cella. Welsh cil is a word of Celtic origin, with a completely different meaning)

:_______________________________.

Llanddewi Cilrhedyn lhan-DHEU-i kil-HREE-din› [ ɬanˡðɛʊɪ kɪlˡhreˑdɪn]
1
(SN2734) the old name of Cilrhedyn, a locality in the county of Ceredigion, 6km southwest of Castellnewydd Emlyn

:_______________________________.

Llanddewi Nant Hodni lhan-DHEU-i nant HOD-ni [ ɬanˡðɛʊɪ nant ˡhɔdnɪ]
1 (SO2827) locality in Mynwy county
Local form: Llantoni [lhan-TOO-ni]

ETYMOLOGY: “the Llanddewi which is situated in Nant Hodni”
Llanddewi (“church (of) David”) (llan = church) + soft mutation + (Dewi = David)
Nant Hodni “valley (of the stream called) Hodni or Hoddni”

The local form of Hodni was probably Hoddni (cf gwadn = sole of the foot, south Wales gwaddan < gwaddn)

A possible explanation of the change is:

1 The tag came to replace the qualified element Llanddewi (there are other instances of this process in the place names of Wales): Nant Hoddni

2
In South Wales h is not traditionally part of the phonology of the language, and is omitted in speech
Nant’oddni

3 a dd has a tendency to be unstable and to disappear > Nanto’ni / Nantoni

4 Ther was confusion about the first element, and llan (= church) took its place: Llantoni

NOTE: Compare the reduction of Llanfihangel Nant Teyrnon > Llan Teyrnon > Llantarnam (county of Torfaen)

:_______________________________.

Llanddoged lhan-DHOO-ged› [ɬanˡðoˑgɛd]
1
(SH8063) locality in the county of Conwy

2 a parish at this place

ETYMOLOGY: ?

NOTE: Sgrogennan < Is Cregennan is the old name for this place

:_______________________________.

Llanddona lhan-DHOO-na› [ɬanˡðoˑna] (feminine noun) (“church of Dona”)
1
village name, north-west (church of Dona)

:_______________________________.

Llanddulas lhan-DHII-las› [ɬanˡðiˑlas]

1 SH9078 village in the county of Dinbych

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/29590

2 SN8741 church in the county of Powys, near Llangamarch

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/469002 the church

ETYMOLOGY: “church (of) (the) Dulas (stream / river)” .
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Dulas = river name)
dulas = “blackish blue” (du = black) + soft mutation + (glas = blue)

:_______________________________.

Llandduw (i.e. the pronunciation is “Llándduw”) LHAN-dhiu› [ˡɬanðɪʊ]
1
SO0561 ancient name of Llandrindod, a town in the county of Powys.

ETYM
OLOGY: “church (of) God”, church dedicated to God.
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Duw = God)

Although one might think that Llandduw is an erroneous spelling for Llan-dduw (with the accent on the final syllable), (since for example Llan-non is often spelt erroneously Llanon, Llangors is a misspelling for Llan-gors, as is Llanddew for the correct Llan-ddew) the name is an example of accent shift to a preceding syllable, and so as such the spelling Llandduw correctly indicates the pronunciation.

The name Llandrindod referred specifically to a new church here built in Llandduw to replace the old one and is first found in 1536.

Llandrindod < Llan y Drindod - (the) church (of) the trinity. The loss of the linking definite article is common in place names.

:_______________________________.

Llanddwyn (i.e. the pronunciation is “Llánddwyn”) LHAN-dhuin› [ˡɬanðʊɪn]
1
SH3862 village in the county of Môn / Anglesey.

ETYM
OLOGY: “church (of) Dwyn”, church dedicated to Dwyn[wen].
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Dwyn = name of a female saint)

Although one might think that Llanddwyn is an erroneous spelling for Llan-ddwyn (with the accent on the final syllable), (since for example Llan-non is often spelt erroneously Llanon, Llangors is a misspelling for Llan-gors, as is Llanddew for the correct Llan-ddew) the name is an example of accent shift to a preceding syllable, and so as such the spelling Llanddwyn correctly indicates the pronunciation.



:_______________________________.

Llandinam lhan-DII-nam› [ɬanˡdiˑnam]
1
(SO0288) locality in the district of Maldwyn (county of Powys)
2
a parish at this place

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/413152

ETYMOLOGY: “the ‘llan’ by the fort” (llan = monastic cell, church) + soft mutation + (dinan = fort)

*llan-ddinan > llan-dinan
(the mutation is lost – other examples of (dd-n) > (d-n) occur in Welsh e.g. benddith > bendith = blessing)
> Llandinam (final n becomes m).

There are a couple of other place name examples with dinam < dinan. See dinan

:_______________________________.

Llandochau ºFach lhan-DOO-khai, -e, VAAKH› [ɬanˡdoˑxaɪ, -ɛ, ˡvɑːx] (feminine noun)
1
village name, south-east

:_______________________________.

Llandogo lhan-DOO-go› [ɬanˡdoˑgɔ]
1
“English” form of the name Llaneuddogwy, name of a village in south-east Wales.
Maybe represents a local form “Llandogw”, which would result from well-known features of spoken Welsh

..a/ Reduction of the diphthong wy in the final vowel to w
A common feature in South Wales – ofnadwy (= terrible) > ofnadw, cannwyll (= candle) > cannwll

Euddogwy > Euddogw
(or perhaps Ouddogwy > Ouddogw with the older pronunciation of the diphthong eu, probably retained locally)

”eu” was historically “ou”, and this has been retained in southern Welsh to this day:
deu (= two) (now dau) is doi in the south
yn gleu (= quickly) (now yn glau) is (yn) gloi in the south

..b/ Loss of the pretoninc syllable in the name Euddogwy > Ddogwy,
Llaneuddogw > Llanddogw

..c/ dd > d after n
Occurs too in the shortened form of Llanymddyfri > Llan’ddyfri > Llan'dyfri)
(hence the English name Llandovery, an adaptation of the local name, with semi-Englished spelling)

The change w > o probably occurred in English
Llandogw > Llandogo
A similar cas might be Monnow, the river in the town of Trefynwy Monmouth, if we assume a local Welsh form of Monw, Mynw < Mynwy
:_______________________________.

Llandrillo lhan-DRI-lho› [ɬanˡdrɪɬɔ]
1
Llandrillo a village near Bala

2 Llandrillo = Llandrillo yn Rhos, a suburb of Colwyn Bay (English name: Rhos on Sea)

ETYMOLOGY: (llan = church) + soft mutation + (Trillo, a saint’s name). Trillo is probably a hypochoristic name. The final o is probably (-o diminutive ending)

:_______________________________.

Llanºdrindod lhan-DRIN-dod› [ɬanˡdrɪndɔd] (feminine noun)
1
village name, south-east
= llan y drindod, church of the trinity

:_______________________________.

Llanºdudoch lhan-DII-dokh› [ɬanˡdiˑdɔx] (feminine noun)
1
village name, south-west

:_______________________________.

Llandutglyd ‹lhan-DIT-glid› [ɬanˡdɪtglɪd]
1
Old name for Penmachno (SH7950), a locality in the county of Conwy

7025_Penmachno_081030
(delwedd 7025)

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) church (of) Tutglyd”)
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Tutglyd)

:_______________________________.

Llan-dw ‹lhan-DUU› [ɬanˡduː] (feminine noun)
1
village name, south-east

:_______________________________.

Llanºdyºfodwg lhan-də-VOO-dug› [ɬandəˡvoˑdʊg] feminine noun
1
SS9587 church in the village of Glynogwr (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/475342

2
a parish at this place

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) church (of) Tyfodwg”)
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Tyfodwg)

:_______________________________.

Llanºdyºfrïog lhan-də-VRII-og› [ɬandəˡvriˑɔg]
1
locality 3 km east of Castellnewydd Emlyn (Ceredigion county, South-west Wales)

2
a parish at this place

ETYMOLOGY: (llan = church) + soft mutation + (Tyfrïog, hypochoristic form of the saint’s name Briafael)

Tyºfrïog (ty- = your, ‘thy’, used in older Welsh as a prefix to form hypochoristics) + (Brïog)

Briog is (bri-, first syllable of Briafael) + (-og, diminutive suffix)

Briafael < British *Brigo-magl-os, as in modern Welsh bri (= respect, esteem), corresponding to Irish brí (= strength, valour); and the element mael found in various male forenames (= great man, leader, chief), related to Latin magnus (= great)

:_______________________________.

Llanedern lhan-EE-dern› [ɬanˡeˑdɛrn]
1
former village in Caer-dydd (name altered to Llanedeyrn, apparently in the 1800s, and apparently to make the final syllable resemble teyrn – Old Welsh = monarch) (but Modern Welsh = tyrant!).

The local name would have been Llanetarn (b-d-g introducing a final syllable are devoiced in the traditonal dialect of the south-east of Wales). It is found written as Llanedarn in texts from the 1800s.

ETYMOLOGY: “church of Eternus” (llan = church) + (Edern = Eturnus)
Edern < Latin æternus / ae’ternus, contracted form of aeviternus (= lasting an age), from ævum (= age)

:_______________________________.

Llanegryn lhan-E-grin› [ɬanˡɛgrɪn] (feminine noun)

1
SH6005 village name, north-west

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/288810

7085_CYMRU_OREN_llanegryn_081120
(delwedd 7085)

ETYMOLOGY:
“church of Egryn” (llan = church) + (Egryn)

:_______________________________.

Llanegwestl (Llanegwest’) lhan-E-gwestl, lhan-E-gwest› [ɬanˡɛgwɛstl, ɬanˡɛgwɛst]
1 SJ2044 north-east Wales – the Welsh name of the village razed for the construction of the Cistercian abbey here in 1201 - Abaty Glyn y Groes / Valle Crucis Abbey. The inhabitants were removed to Stansty, north-west of Wrecsam

7086_CYMRU_OREN_llanegwestl_081120

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/115551

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/132019

Llyn Egwestl a pool near the abbey which served as its fishpond “(the) pool (of) Egwestl”
http://richardloomis.com/gutorglyn.htm

Glyn Egwestl the valley in which the Abbey stands “(the) valley (of) Egwestl”
Also Glyn y Groes “(the) valley (of) the cross”

:_______________________________.


Llaneigon ‹lhan-EI-gon› [ɬan ˡəɪgɔn]
1 see Llanigon

:_______________________________.

*llanerch LHA-erkh› [ˡɬanɛrx] feminine noun
1
clearing in a wood, woodland glade.

NOTE: This spelling with a single ‘n’ is incorrect, though used by some writers in the 1800s. The correct form is llannerch. The spelling with a single ‘n’ (originally a nineteeth-century mispelling in Welsh) is common on English-language maps. On the other hand, the plural form with a single ‘n’ – llanerchau – is correct – in this case, a spelling with ‘nn’ would be incorrect

Tafarn y Llannerch, Llandrindod (“Llanerch Inn”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/412688

:_______________________________.

Llaneuddogwy lhan-ei-DHOO-gui› [ɬanəɪˡðoˑgʊɪ]
1 (SO5204) locality in the county of Mynwy

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/86309

The English name is Llandogo which would be from a local form in Welsh: Llandogw
lhan-DOO-gu› [ɬanˡdoˑgʊ]

..a/ simplification of the final diphthong wy > w, typical of the language of South Wales
Euddogwy > Euddogw

..b/ Loss of the pretonic syllable (or syncopation), a common feature of Welsh Llaneuddogw > Llan’ddogw

Another llan name showing this feature is:
Llanymddyfri > Llan’ddyfri > Llan’dyfri (and from here the form used in English “Llandovery”)

..c/ a change dd > d caused by the preceding n (as in Llan’ddyfri > Llan'dyfri)

There is a street called “Dogo Street” in Pontcanna, Caer-dydd, which appears to be this name – it must have been supposed that the saint was “Dogo”. It is a district with other streets named after saints from south-east Wales. If this is the case, then the Welsh name would be Heol Euddogwy

7065_CYMRU_OREN_abergwenffrd_081117
(delwedd 7065)

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) church (of) Euddogwy”.
(llan = monastic cell, church) + (Euddogwy = saint’s name)
(In Liber Landavensis / Llyfr Llan-daf / Book of Llandaff, circa 1125, as Lann Oudocui, which in modern Welsh spelling would be Llan Ouddogwy.

Old Welsh “ou”
‹ou› [ɔʊ] become modern Welsh “eu” in non-final syllables of polysyllables) (peunod = peacocks) and “au” in the final syllables of polysyllables, and in monosyllables (pethau = things, dau = two)

NOTE: The name Ouddogwy was (imperfectly) Latinised as Oudoceus. The “c” in Lann Oudocui in fact represents [g]. British c between vowels became g, but in Old Welsh it was not the practice to spell it as such – rather like “gh” in English laugh no longer represents
‹gh› [ɣ], but is retained in the spelling even though “f” would be the better spelling

:_______________________________.

Llanfabon lhan-VAA-bon› [ɬanˡvɑˑbɔn]
1
ST1093 hamlet in the county of Caerffili, 2km south of Ffosygerddinen on the road to Cilfynydd
2
a parish at this place

ETYMOLOGY: (llan = church) + soft mutation + (Mabon name of a Celtic saint); (mab = son) + (-on suffix used with deity names)

:_______________________________.

Llanfachraith lhan-VAKH-raith, -eth› [ɬanˡvaxraɪθ, -ɛθ] feminine noun
1
SH7522 locality in Gwynedd, near Dolgellau; usually written to reflect the popular pronunciation (Llanfachreth), rather then the literary one (Llanfachraith)

2
SH3182 locality in Ynys Môn, by Caergybi; the name is usually written Llanfachreth with a final e, but the local form is Llanfachrath (a final e in this region > a)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘(the) church (of) Machraith’ (llan = church) + soft mutation + (Machraith = saint’s name)

:_______________________________.

Llanfaelog lhan-VEI-log› [ɬanˡvəɪlɔg] (feminine noun)
1
village name, north-east

:_______________________________.

Llan-faes lhan-VAIS› [ɬanˡvaɪs] “(the) church (of the) clearing” (llan = church) + soft mutation + (maes = clearing)

1 (SO0328) locality in the district of Brycheiniog (county of Powys); formerly the centre of a kingdom centred around Dyffryn Wysg (the valley of the river Wysg) ruled by Tewdrig, and of a larger kingdom which replaced it, Brycheiniog, founded by Brychan, a chief of Irish descent

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO0328 map

2 (SH6077) locality in the county of Ynys Môn

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH6077 map

3 a parish at this place

4 (SS9869) locality in the county of Bro Morgannwg (South-east Wales)
Name used by the English: “Llanmaes”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS9869

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) church (of the) clearing”
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (maes = clearing)

:_______________________________.

Llanfaethlu lhan-VEITH-li› [ɬanˡvəɪθlɪ] (feminine noun)
1
village name, north-west

:_______________________________.

Llanfair LHAN-vair, -ver› [ˡɬanvaɪr, -vɛr] (feminine noun)
1
name of many villages; ‘Mary church’

:_______________________________.

Llan-fair lhan-VAIR› [ˡɬanˡvaɪr] feminine noun
1
ST0071 locality in the county of Bro Morgannwg (South-east Wales).
Name used by the English: Saint Mary Church

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/97726 Llan-fair

2 a parish at this place

3
SN1202 locality in the county of Penfro, 2km north of Dinbych y Pysgod.
Name used by the English: New Hedges

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN1202

ETYMOLOGY: (the) church (of) Mary (llan = church) + soft mutation + (Mair = Mary). In Llan-fair (note the hyphen) the accent remains in the expected place, on the second syllable.

But generally names with “llan + Mair” are Llanfair (no hyphen), where the accent has shifted to the first syllable

:_______________________________.

Llanfair ar y Bryn LHAN-vair, -ver, ar ə BRIN› [ˡɬanvaɪr, -vɛr ar əˡbrɪn] feminine noun
1
locality in the county of Caerfyrddin SN7735
2
a parish at this place

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/979559 eglwys Llanfair ar y Bryn

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) Llanfair (which is) on the hill”
(Llanfair = “(the) church (of) Mary, Marychurch”) + (ar y bryn = on the hill)

:_______________________________.

Llanfair Dyffryn Tefeidiad LHAN-vair, -ver, DƏ-frin te-VEID-yad› [ˡɬanvaɪr, -vɛr, ˡdəfrɪn tɛˡvəɪdjad]
1
village in England, on the Welsh border 6km north of Trefýclo.
(in English as “Llanfair Waterdine”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/705709
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: (Llanfair = “(the) church (of) Mary, Marychurch”) (very common in Welsh village names).

The Welsh name means “the Llanfair in the valley of the Tefeidiad river”.

In English the river is called “Teme”.

:_______________________________.

Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll LHAN-vair, -ver, pulh-GWƏN-gilh› [ˡɬanvaɪr, -vɛr, pʊɬˡgwəngɪɬ]
1 SH5271 village in Ynys Môn

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/943672

:_______________________________.

Llanfechain lhan-VEE-khain, -khen› [ɬanˡveˑxaɪn, -ɛn] feminine noun
1
SJ1820 locality in Maldwyn (Powys) on the river Cain; 5km east of Llanfyllin.
population: (1961) 461; proportion of Welsh-speakers: (1961) 41%
Old name: Llanarmon ym Mechain

2
a parish at this place

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/518983
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: “church (of the kántrev called) Mechain”, but originally “(the) Llanarmon (which is) (in the kántrev of) Mechain

(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Mechain, division (‘kantrev’) of the country of Powys Wenwynwyn).

Mechain “(the) plain (of) (the river) Cain” < *Mechein < *Machein

(ma = plain) + spirant mutation + (Cain (Middle Welsh Cein) river name, = ‘beautiful’, but possibly a personal name – otherwise Afon Gain would be expected, but it is called Afon Cain).

7509_llanfechain_090423
(delwedd 7509)

ETYMOLOGY: “church (of the kántrev called) Mechain”, but originally “(the) Llanarmon (which is) (in the kántrev of) Mechain
:_______________________________.

Llanfechell lhan-VEE-khelh› [ɬanˡveˑxɛɬ] (feminine noun)
1
village name, north-west

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/158121
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) church (of) Mechell or Mechyll”

(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Mechell = name of a saint, from an earlier form Mechyll)
:_______________________________.

Llanfeuno lhan-VEI-no› [ɬanˡvəɪnɔ]
1
SO3031 village in Gwent-within-England. In the valley of the river Olchon above the town of Y Fenni. English name: Llanveynoe.

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/713232
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) church (of) Beuno”, Beuno’s church

(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Beuno = name of a male saint)

:_______________________________.

Llanffynhonwen lhan-fən-HON-wen› [ɬanfənˡhɔnwɛn]

1
Chirbury SO2598, village in England (in Shropshire) 5km north-east of the Welsh village of Trefaldwyn

7087_CYMRU_OREN_llanffynhonwen_081120
(delwedd 7087)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/149820

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: (llan = church) + (ffynhonwen, apparently “white well”, meaning either a whitewashed well, or (less likely) a holy well)
This is (ffynhon- penult form of ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white; holy)

:_______________________________.

Llanfihangel lhan-vi-HA-ngel› [ɬanvɪˡhaŋɛl]
1
name of many villages; ‘Michael church’

:_______________________________.

Llanfihangel Cwm Du lhan-vi-HA-ngel kum DII› [ɬanvɪˡhaŋɛl ɪˡhaŋɛl kʊm ˡdiː]
1
SO1823 village in Powys

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/318292 yr eglwys / the church

The Place-Names of Wales. / Thomas Morgan (Skewen) / 1912

The old inhabitants very strongly objected to the name Cwmdu, as the following couplet shows;

Cam enwir ef Cwmdu,
Cwm gwyn yw'n cwm ni.

It is wrongly called the vale of gloom,
Ours is a fair and bright coomb.

A glance at this cheerful vale would never suggest such a gloomy appellation... the present name is supposed to have taken its origin from the black moorstone rock, which is on the brow of an adjacent hill.

ETYMOLOGY: “the ‘Llanfihangel’ at Cwm Du”
(Llanfihangel = church of Michael)

Cwm Du is “black valley” (cwm = valley) + (du = black)

:_______________________________.

Llanfihangel Dyffryn Arwy lhan-vi-HA-ngel DƏ-frin A-rui› [ɬanvɪˡhaŋɛl ˡdəfrɪn ˡarʊɪ]
1
(SO2450) locality in the district of Maesyfed (county of Powys)
English name: Michaelchurch on Arrow

2 a parish at this place

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/910538 yr eglwys / the church

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: “the ‘Llanfihangel’ in the valley of the river Arwy”
(Llanfihangel = church of Michael) + (dyffryn = valley) + (Arwy = river name)

:_______________________________.

Llanfihangel Esglai lhan-vi-HA-ngel E-sklai› [ɬanvɪˡhaŋɛl ˡɛsklaɪ]
1
SO3134 village in the county of Hereford, England
English name: “Michaelchurch Escley”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/890905

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/399752

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/73939

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: (Llanfihangel = church of Michael (Arch)angel) + (Esglai stream name)

:_______________________________.

Llanfihangel Nant Teyrnon lhan-vi-HA-ngel nant TEIR-non› [ɬanvɪˡhaŋɛl nant ˡtəɪrnɔn]
1
the older name of Llantarnam (qv) in Torfaen, south-east Wales

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/822352 yr eglwys / the church

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: “the Llanfihangel which is in Nant Teyrnon”
Llanfihangel = “(the) church (of) Michael (the) (Arch)angel”
Nant Teyrnon = “(the) valley (of) Teyrnon”

NOTE: An alternative name is
Llanfihangel y Fynachlog (“(the) Llanfihangel (which is) (next to) the monastery”.

 

In Parochiale Wallicanum / Rev. A. W. Wade-Evans / Y Cymmrodor (1910) , a footnote states:

 

"Llantarnam is called, colloquially, in Welsh Llanvihangel y Vynachlog. —  J.A.B.”

 

(Initials of Sir Joseph Alfred Bradney, 1859-1933). (The church is a short distance from the Abbey)

_______________________________.

Llanfihangel Tor y Mynydd lhan-vi-HA-ngel TOOR ə MƏ-nidh› [ɬanvɪˡhaŋɛl ˡtoˑr ə ˡmənɪð]
1
village name, south-east Wales SO4601 (near Llanishe, Mynwy)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/751691 yr eglwys / the church

:_______________________________.

Llanfihangel yng Ngheintun lhan-vi-HA-ngel əng HEIN-tin› [ɬanvɪˡhaŋɛl əŋ ˡhəɪntɪn]
1
(SJ3614) Welsh name of the English village of Alberbury (Shropshire) 13 km west of the English city of Shrewsbury (Welsh name: Amwythig), just north of the Shrewsbury - Y Trallwng main road (A458), on the Welsh border by the Welsh village of Cryw-grin

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/463595
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

7106_CYMRU_OREN_llanfihangel_yng_ngheintun_081126
(delwedd 7106)

ETYMOLOGY: “the village called Llanfihangel which is situated in Ceintun” . Llanfihangel = church of Michael the Archanngel

:_______________________________.

Llanfilo lhan-VII-lo› [ɬanˡviˑlɔ]
1
village SO1133 in Powys (“church of Bilo or Beilo”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/61865 yr eglwys / the church
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

To the west of the village is Allt Filo “(the) wood (of) Bilo or Beilo”

ETYMOLOGY: The church was formerly dedicated to Millburgh, and the name was taken as meaning “(the) church (of) Milo”
(llan = church, cell) + soft mutation + (Milo = Millburgh)

Milo
is in English Milburgh or in Latin Milburga or Milburgha. The daughter of a Mercian king (King Merewald of Magonset), she became a nun (as Abbess of Wenlock Abbey in Shropshire) and was later canonised.

The form of the name in Welsh would be hypochoristic – (Mil- first syllable of Milburgh) and (-o diminutive suffix)

Milburgh is commemorated at Stoke St. Milborough SO5682 (Shropshire, England) (St. Milburgha’s Church)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/120227

and in the church of St Mary & St Milburgh, Offenham, near Evesham (Worcestershire, England)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/379415

However, it seems that Llanfilo = “church of Milburgh” is an erroneous interpretation, as the saint in question is Beilo, a daughter of Brychan (in south-eastern Welsh, ei > i in a penultimate syllable is a common feature).

(llan = church, cell) + soft mutation + (Beilo) > Llanfeilo > Llanfilo

Another example of ei > i in a place name is
Llangatwg Feibion Afel, in the county of Mynwy / Monmouth, Englished as Llangattock Vibon Avel. This ‘English’ form actually indicates a local pronunciation of ‘feibion’, a soft mutated form of meibion (= sons), which in the south east is meibon (typical omission of the semi-consonant i at the head of the final syllable) > mibon (reduction of the diphthong ei to the half-long vowel i)

:_______________________________.

Llanfuddwalan lhan-vidh-WAA-lan› [ɬanvɪðˡwɑˑlan]

1
(SO5731) locality in Gwent-within-England (in the county of South Herefordshire, England).

The English name is Ballingham. The church is dedicated to Dyfrig (Dubricius in Latin)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/877972
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

7102_CYMRU_OREN_llanfuddwalan_081125

(delwedd 7102)
ETYMOLOGY: (llan = church, cell) + soft mutation + (Buddwalan personal name )
(budd = wealth, riches) + soft mutation + (gwal- ?) + (-an diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.

Llangadog lhan-GAA-dog› [ɬanˡgɑˑdɔg]
1 SN7028 locality 9km south-west of Llanymddyfri (county
of Caerfyrddin); a parish at this place
2 SN4006 locality al north-east of Cedweli (county
of Caerfyrddin)

In the south-east Llangadog > Llangatwg (qv)

..a/ Llangatwg Lingoed SO3620 (county
of Mynwy) 9km north-east of Y Fenni

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/441187 yr eglwys / the church

..b/ Llangatwg SO2127 locality in Powys, 1km south-west of Crugywel

..c/ Llangatwg Dyffryn Wysg SO3309 locality 6km south-east of Y Fenni (county
of Mynwy). English name: Llangattock-juxta-Usk / Llangattock-nigh-Usk

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/284552
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

..d/ Llangatwg Feibion Afel SO4515 6km north-west of Trefynwy (county
of Mynwy)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/247457 yr eglwys / the church

..e/ Llangatwg SS7598 village on the north side of Castell-nedd (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)

ETYM
OLOGY: (“(the) church (of) Cadog”)
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Cadog saint’s name)

Cadog is a hypochoristic form of Cadfael
(cad-, first element of the name Cadfael) + (-og suffix)
The equivalent name in Breton is Kazeg

Cadfael is “battle chief” (cad = battle) + soft mutation + (mael = chief) < British *katu-magl-os

:_______________________________.

Llangadwaladr (“Llangadwalad”) lhan-gad-WAA-la-dər, lhan-gad-WAA-lad› [ɬangadˡwɑˑladr, ɬangadˡwɑˑlad] (feminine noun)

7284_CYMRU_OREN_llangadwaladr_091216

(delwedd 7284)

1 SH3869 village name (Ynys Môn)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/776782
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

2 SJ1830 village name (Powys)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/708028
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) church (of) Cadwaladr”)
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Cadwaladr = saint’s name)

:_______________________________.

Llangamarch lhan-GA-markh› [ɬanˡgamarx]
1
(SN9347) locality in Brycheiniog (Powys)
English name: Llangammarch Wells

Postal address: LLANGAMARCH, Powys

2
a parish at this place

ETYMOLOGY: (“the) church (by the river) Camarch”)
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Camarch river name)

Camarch < Camfarch (“(the) winding (river / stream called) March”)
(cam = winding) + soft mutation + (March = stream name, literally “horse”)

:_______________________________.

Llangatwg lhan-GAA-tug› [ɬanˡgɑˑtʊg]
This is the south-eastern form of the place name Llangadog

 
7287_CYMRU_OREN_llangatwg_091216
(delwedd 7287)
 

..a/ Llangatwg ST2281formerly in a place in the parish of Llanedern, Caer-dydd

 John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911) (1905 volume) notes:

LLANGATWG (the church of Saint Cadoc.) A farm in the parish of Llanedern; doubtless the site of a dismantled chapel


..b/ Llangatwg SS7598 village on the north side of Castell-nedd (county
of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
English name: Cadoxton juxta Neath
Differentiated from the other villages called simply Llangatwg by referring to it as Llangatwg ger Castell-nedd (= Llangatwg near Castell-nedd / Neath)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS7598
………………………………….

..c/ Llangatwg SO2017 locality in Powys, 1km south-west of Crugywel
A parish at this place. Englished as “Llangattock”.
(1961) Population: 655. Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 7%
(1971) Population: 760. Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 5%
Differentiated from the other villages called simply Llangatwg by referring to it as Llangatwg ger Crucywel (= Llangatwg near Crucywel)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO2017

………………………………….

 

..d/ Llangatwg ST1269 village subsumed in the town of Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg)

Informally differentiated from other villages called Llangatwg by referring to it as Llangatwg ger y Barri (= Llangatwg near Y Barri)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST1269

………………………………….

..e/ Llangatwg Dyffryn Wysg SO3309 locality 6km south-east of Y Fenni (county
of Mynwy). Ordnance Survey map notes only “Llangattock House”.
English name: Cadoxton nigh Usk

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO3310

………………………………….

..f/ Llangatwg Feibion Afel SO4515 6km north-west of Trefynwy (county
of Mynwy)

Englished as Llangattock-Vibon-Avel

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/247457

………………………………….


..g/ Llangatwg Lingoed SO3620 (county
of Mynwy) 9km north-east of Y Fenni

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO3620

………………………………….


ETYMOLOGY: Llangatwg = Llangadog (“(the) church (of) Cadog”)
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Cadog saint’s name)

Cadog is a hypochoristic form of Cadfael
(cad-, first element of the name Cadfael) + (-og suffix)

In Breton, the name Kazeg corresponds to Welsh Cadog

Cafael is “battle chief” (cad = battle) + soft mutation + (mael = chief)

< British *katu-magl-os

NOTE:

Cadog > Cadwg

-wg
instead of an original -og is found in other place names in the south-east
Morgannwg < *Morgannog territory of Morgan

Gwynllŵg < Gwynllyw-wg < *Gwynllyw-og
territory of Gwynllyw

Nant Talwg < Nant Rhyd Halog “Rhyd Halog” stream; “Rhyd Halog” = dirty ford

In the south-east the initial d of a final syllable is regularly devoiced to t
Cadwg > Catwg

The English name Cadoxton (= Cadock’s ton) more or less retains the standard Welsh form Cadog

 

:_______________________________.

Llangefni lhan-GEV-ni› [ɬanˡgɛvnɪ] (feminine noun)
1
town name, Ynys Môn

:_______________________________.

Llangeinwen lhan-GEIN-wen› [ɬanˡgəɪnwɛn] (feminine noun)
1
SH4365 village name, Ynys Môn

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/838772 yr eglwys / the church
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
:_______________________________.

Llangïan lhan-GII-an› [ɬanˡgiˑan]
1
SH2928 locality in the area of Dwyfor (county of Gwynedd)

ETYMOLOGY: (llan = church) + soft mutation + (Cïan saint’s name; = little warrior, little dog)

:_______________________________.

Llanglydwen lhan-GLƏD-wen› [ɬanˡglədwɛn] (feminine noun)
1
SN1826 village name, Caerfyrddin

Samuel Lewis, 1844, A Topographical Dictionary of Wales:
"LLANGLYDWEN (LLAN-GLEDWYN), a parish, in the union of NARBERTH… The church, dedicated to St. Cledwyn, is a small neat edifice”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN1826 map, llun / map, photo

:_______________________________.

Llangoed LHAN-goid› [ˡɬangɔɪd] (feminine noun)
1
SH6079 village name, Ynys Môn

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH6079 map

:_______________________________.

Llangunllo lhan-GIN-lho› [ɬanˡgɪnɬɔ]
1
See Llangynllo

:_______________________________.

Llangurig lhan-GII-rig› [ɬanˡgiˑrɪg]
1
SN 9079 village in Powys, near Llanidloes
2
a parish at this place

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/70880 y pentre / the village
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) church (of) Curig”)
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Curig = saint’s name)

:_______________________________.

Llangwnadl > Llangwnnadl

:_______________________________.

Llangwnnadl (“Llangwnnad”) lhan-GU-nadl, lhan-GU-nad› [ɬanˡgʊnadl, ɬanˡgʊnad] (feminine noun)
Locally Llangwnnad’ (loss of final ‘l’)

1
SH2132 village name, north-west.

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/sh2132

ETYMOLOGY: llan Gwynhoedl (“(the) church (of) Gwynhoedl”)
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Gwynhoedl = saint’s name)

NOTE: Since the penultimate element has an underlying form gwynn- with –nn-, Llangwnnadl is a better spelling than Llangwnadl

The alteration in the name shows common features of Welsh generally and in particular spoken north-western Welsh

(The sequence of the changes may not be as laid out here)

1 G
7003_w_gytsain_081018ýn-hoedl > G7003_w_gytsain_081018ýnn-oedl
Loss of h, initial consnonant of the final syllable
Compare
gylfin hir” (“long beak”) > gylfínhir > gylfinir (“curlew”)
 main + hir” (“slim + tall”) > méinhir > meinir > Meinir (forename for a female)

2 G
7003_w_gytsain_081018ynn-oedl > G7003_w_gytsain_081018ynn-odl
Final syllable oe > o colloquially
Compare
mynyddoedd (= mountains) > mynyddodd

3 G
7003_w_gytsain_081018ynn-odl > G7003_w_gytsain_081018ynn-adl
Final syllable o > a colloquially
Compare
tywod (= sand) > tŵad (in Ynys Môn / Anglesey)
dyfod (= to come) > dywod > dywad > dŵad

4 G
7003_w_gytsain_081018ynn-adl > Gwnn-adl
Llan
7003_w_gytsain_081018ynnog > Llanwnnog

5
The colloquial form Llangwnnadl > Llangwnnad with the loss of the final l is also a feature found in othe words in Welsh
Compare
banadl (= broom plants) > banad
danadl
(= nettles) > danad

It occurs too with final r after d
Cadwaladr > Cadwalad, ’Dwalad
rhaeadr (= waterfall) > rhaead
Llangynidr > Llangynid
:_______________________________.

Llangynidr (“Llangynid”) lhan-GƏ-nidr, lhan-GƏ-nid› [ɬanˡgənɪdr, ɬanˡgənɪd] (feminine noun).
Locally Llangynid’ (loss of final ‘r’)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/407645 Sardis

1
village in the county of Powys (Brycheiniog district)

Pont Llangynidr name of a bridge here

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/sh2132

:_______________________________.

Llangynllo lhan-GƏN-lho› [ɬanˡgənɬɔ]
1
(SN3543) locality in Ceredigion

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN3543 map

2
a parish at this place

3
(SO2171) locality in the district of Maesyfed (county of Powys)
Form used in English: “Llangunllo”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO2171 map

4 a parish at this place
..
1971: Population: 230. Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 2%

7290_CYMRU_OREN_llangynllo_091218

(delwedd 7290)

ETYMOLOGY: (llan = church) + soft mutation + (Cynllo saint’s name)

:_______________________________.

Llangynog lhan-GƏ-nog› [ɬanˡgənɔg]

7289_CYMRU_OREN_llangynog_091217

(delwedd 7289)

1 Powys (between Y Bala and Croesoswallt) (“Llangynog”)

T
o differentiate it from the other villages called Llangynog it may be referred to as Llangynog Maldwyn or Llangynog Sir Drefalwyn (= “Llangynog in Montgomeryshire”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ0526

2 Brycheiniog, Powys – parish at Cwmowen (“Llangynog”)
T
o differentiate it from the other villages called Llangynog it may be referred to as Llangynog Brycheiniog or Llangynog Sir Frycheiniog (= “Llangynog in Breckonshire”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO0143

3 Caerfyrddin – south-west of the town (“Llangynog”)
T
o differentiate it from the other villages called Llangynog it may be referred to as Llangynog Shir Gâr or Llangynog Sir Gaerfyrddin (= “Llangynog in Carmarthenshire”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN3316

4 in Swydd Henffordd / Herefordshire in England (“Llangunnock”)
T
o differentiate it from the other villages called Llangynog it may be referred to as Llangynog Swydd Henffordd (= “Llangynog in Herefordshire”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO5123

5 Llanfihangel Tor y Mynydd, Mynwy (“Llangunnog”)
T
o differentiate it from the other villages called Llangynog it may be referred to as Llangynog Sir Fynwy (= “Llangynog in Monmouthshire”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO4501

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) church (of) Cynog”

(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Cynog, name of a saint of the Celtic Church)

:_______________________________.

Llangystennin lhan-gə-STE-nin› [ɬangəˡstɛnɪn]
1 SH8279 village and parish in Conwy
The parish is south-east of the parish of Llan-rhos (in which Llandudno is situated). Cyffordd Llandudno (Llandudno Junction) is in Llangystennin parish.

NOTE: According to the wikipedia entry http://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llangystennin
there is a variation of the name with “w” instead of “y”: Llangwstennin

NOTE: One ‘n’ instead of two is incorrect “Llangwstenin / Llangystenin”

“Llangwstenin Hall” Plas Llangystennin

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH8279 map

7079_CYMRU_OREN_llangystennin_081118

(delwedd 7079)
:_______________________________.

Llangystennin Garth Brenni lhan-gə-STE-nin garth BRE-ni›
1 Welsh Bicknor, Herefordshire SO5917

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO5917

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) Llangystennin (which is at) Garth Brenni”

Garth Brenni:
(garth = hill) + (Brenni?)
Llangystennin:
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Cystennin = Constantine)

:_______________________________.

Llanhiledd lhan-HII-ledh› [ɬanˡhiˑlɛð]
1
SO2100 locality in the county of Blaenau Gwent

 
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO2100 map

2
a parish at this place
(1961): Population: 3,933; Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 2%

Mynydd Llanhiledd the upland of Llanhiledd parish

ETYMOLOGY: ??

NOTE: Local form: Llaniddal
..1/ typical south-eastern loss of ‘h’ Llanhiledd > Llaniledd;

..2/ metathesis : L-DD > DD-L Llaniledd > Llaniddel
(cf south-eastern form of cywilydd / c’wilydd = shame > cwiddyl)

..3/ final e > a, a typical south-eastern feature Llaniddel > Llaniddal

:_______________________________.

Llani LHAN-i› [ˡɬanɪ]
1 a local name for Llanidloes (Powys) among English speakers.

Probably an innovation in English, and not a Welsh name (such names locally would be Y Llan “the parish church, the church village, the village whose name begins with Llan-” in Welsh).

ETYMOLOGY: (Llan = first element of the name Llanidloes) + (i-, the first syllable of Idloes)

NOTE: Compare Ponty for Pont-y-pridd – the local name in Welsh is Y Bont (= the bridge), but English speakers have added the English diminutive suffix [i] to the first element in the name (Pont – first element of Pont-y-pridd) + (-y diminutive suffix)

:_______________________________.

Llanidris lhan-I-dris› [ɬanˡɪdrɪs]
1
imaginary village, said to be the birthplace of the main character in the novel Dafydd Dafis (1898) by Beriah Gwynne Evans (1848-1927).

Ac mi ddala i nad yn aml y cewch chi well nofel na f’hanes i o'r dydd y deuthym i'r ddinas fawr yma, yn hogyn o'r wlad, heb geiniog goch yn fy mhocad, hyd 'rwan, pan y medrwn, tae fater am hyny, brynu holl stad y sgweiar yn Llanidris lle ces fy magu.
And I’ll bet you that it isn’t often that you will get a better novel than my account of the day I came to this great city, a lad from the country, without a single penny in my pocket, until now, when I could, if it came to that, buy the whole estate of the squire in Llanidris where I was brought up.

ETYMOLOGY: (llan = church) + (Idris, man’s name; proabably in allusion to Cadair Idris, (‘chair of Idris’) name of a mountain near the town on Dolgellau in the north-west)

:_______________________________.

Llanifan lhan-II-van› [ɬanˡiˑvan]
1
Welsh name of a village called Ednop in English (also called Edenhope in English), Shropshire, England (north of Mainstone and east of Bishop’s Castle)

The Shropshire Gazetteer, with an Appendix, including a Survey of the County and Valuable Miscellaneous Information, with Plates. Printed and Published by T. Gregory, Wem, 1824:

Edenhope, Upper and Lower. A township in the parish of Mainstone, and in the Mainstone division of the hundred of Clun. 3 ½ miles west of Bishopscastle.

"The National Gazetteer of Great Britain and Ireland" (1868):

MAINSTONE, a parish partly in the hundred of Clun, county Salop, and partly in the hundred and county of Montgomery, 4½ miles S.W. of Bishop's Castle, its post town. It is situated on Offa's Dyke, and includes the townships of Castlewright, Edenope, Knuck, and Reilth. The village is a small agricultural place. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Hereford, value £293, in the patronage of the lord chancellor. The church is dedicated to St. John the Baptist. The parochial charities produce about £4 16s. per annum. A school for boys and girls is supported by subscription.

ETYMOLOGY: Llanifan < Llanieuan “church (of) (saint) John”
(
llan = church) + (Ieuan = John)

Ieuan > Iewan > Iefan > Ifan
:_______________________________.

Llanifyny lhan-i-VƏ-ni› [ɬanɪˡvənɪ]
1 SN8681 a district in the parish of Llangurig (Powys), at Y Pant-mawr

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=253308 map

ETYMOLOGY: “the upper part of the parish” (llan = church; parish) + (i fyny up, upper)

NOTE:
South-west of Llangurig and west of Dôl-fach is Llaniwared SN8877 “the lower part of the parish” (llan = church; parish) + (i wared down, lower)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=249706

7466_llanifyny_llaniwared_090401

(delwedd 7466)

:_______________________________.


Llanigon ‹lhan-II-gon› [ɬanˡiˑgɔn]
1 SO2139 a village in Powys.

The present name in fact represents the local pronunciation of
Llaneigon ‹lhan-EI-gon› [ɬanˡəɪgɔn]

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/471046 yr eglwys / the church

ETYMOLOGY:
“church of Eigon” (llan = church) + (Eigon)

NOTE: In the penultimate syllable, especially in South Wales, the diphthong
‹EI› [əɪ] becomes a simple vowel, short ‹I› [ɪ] or semi-long II [iˑ], depending on the following consonant

:_______________________________.

Llanisien ‹lhan I shen› [ɬanɪˡʃɛn]
1 ST1781 former village in the kúmmud of Cibwr, now a part of Caer-dydd

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST1781 map

2 SO4703 village in the county of Mynwy, south-west of Trefynwy / Monmouth

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1223254

NOTE: Generally spelt Llanishen, to indiciate that –si- is not pronounced
‹sy› [sj] as the spelling suggests, but has the typical south-eastern palatalisation of this consonant group

In fact, to repersent fully the local pronunciation it would have to be written
Llanishan ‹lhan-I-shan› [ɬanɪˡʃan] (south-east Wales is a ‘final-a’ zone, where ‘e’ in a final syllable is replaced by ‘a’)

John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911):
1756.
Coroner's Inquest taken at the house of Lewis Leyson, innkeeper, in the parish of Lanishan in the county aforesaid, 6 October 1755, before William Gibbon, Coroner, on view of the body of David Rees, found that the deceased, in a certain lane called Hewl hîr in the parish of Lanishan, as he was riding upon a horse before a wagon and oxen, and attempting to turn into a gate, fell down from his horse and was killed.

7465_llanisien_090401

(delwedd 7465)

The saint is Isan, commemorated in a road name in Llanisien “Saint Isan Road”, which would be “Heol Isan” in Welsh (the title of “sant” is not used with Celtic saints)

There is also a Heol Llanishen Fach in Llanisien

ETYMOLOGY: The saint seems to be Isan. If so, the name of the two churches was Llanisan. In south-eastern Welsh there is palatalisation of an s before or after an i, hence Llanishan (as in the above text from 1756). Since in the south-east an ‘a’ in a final syllable very often corresponds to ‘e’ in literary Welsh (carrag < carreg = stone, corad < cored = weir), it may have been thought that the real name was Llanishen. The standard Welsh name keeps the palatalised form and the ‘e’ in the final syllable, but spells it Llanisien, since si is the standard Welsh spelling (though ambiguous, since it could represent s + i, rather than sh). The informal Welsh spelling with ‘sh’ is the one used in English.

:_______________________________.

Llaniwared lhan-i-WAA-red› [ɬanɪˡwɑˑrɛd]
1 A district SN8877 in the parish of Llangurig (Powys), south-west of Llangurig village and east of Dôl-fach.

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=249706 map

ETYMOLOGY: “the lower part of the parish” (llan = church; parish) + (i wared down, lower)

NOTE: Corresponding to this is
Llanifyny SN8681 “the upper part of the parish”, at Y Pant-mawr

(llan = church; parish) + (i fyny up, upper)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=253308 map

7466_llanifyny_llaniwared_090401

(delwedd 7466)

:_______________________________.

llannerch, llanerchau LHA-nerkh, lha-NER-khai, -e› [ˡɬanɛrx, ɬaˡnɛrxaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
woodland glade

2 “Llanerchir”, SO1749 Bryn-gwyn, Maesyfed, Powys. Llannerch-hir? “(the) long glade”

NOTE: The singular form has –nn-, which occurs at the end of a penultimate syllable; the plural form has a single n. The singular form with a single n (“llanerch”) is a misspelling.

NOTE: The plural form llanerchi appears in the farm name Llanerchigw
ynion SH8059 near Penmachno (county of Conwy).
“white glades” (llanerchi = glades) + (gw
ynion = white, plural of gwyn = white)

:_______________________________.

Llannerch LHA-nerkh› [ˡɬanɛrx]
1
house name / farm name

..a/ farm name, Llantarnam
(Mentioned in Llantarnam Burials 1813-74)
John s/o D'l Daniel (son of Daniel Daniel), Llannerch in Lantarnam (died) 15 Mar 1820 (aged) 1 yr, 6mths
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~monfamilies/llantarnbur1813-74.htm

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/822352 Llantarnam

ETYMOLOGY: “woodland glade” - See the preceding entry

NOTE: In south-east Wales the local form Llannarch would be expected (the south-east is an “a-zone” – spellings ae, ai, au, e in a final syllable are generally pronounced as [a])


:_______________________________.

Llannerch Hudol LHA-nerkh HII-dol› [ˡɬanɛrx ˡhiˑdɔl]

1 medieval division (“cwmwd”) of Caereinion

ETYMOLOGY: See the next entry

:_______________________________.

Llannerch-hudol LHA-nerkh HII-dol› [ˡɬanɛrx ˡhiˑdɔl]
1
(SJ2007) locality in Maldwyn (Powys)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2007 map

2
Trallwng - Llannerch-hudol (“Welshpool Llanerchydol”) seat on Cyngor Sir Powys

3
Plas Llannerch-hudol (“Llanerchydol Hall”) 19th century Gothic house with park and gardens

4
Parc Llannerch-hudol (“Llanerchydol Park”) SY21 9QE

ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (“(the) glade (of) (the) sorcerer”) (llannerch = glade) + (hudol = sorceror), unless Hudol is a person name

Llannerchydol may represent a local pronunciation –
(1) loss of initial ‘h’ after a word with final ch: hudol > ’udol
(2) weakening of the vowel u >
y: ’udol > ’ydol

:_______________________________.

Llannerch-y-medd LHA-nerkh ə MEEDH› [ˡɬanɛrx ə ˡmeːð] (feminine noun)
1
SH4184 village in the county of Môn (the glade of the mead - probably from beehives kept in a clearing)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH4184 map

:_______________________________.

Llanoronwy lhan-o-ROO-nui› [ɬanɔrˡoˑnʊɪ]

1 SO4810 Village in Herefordshire (English name: Wonastow)

NOTE: The Welsh Academy English Welsh Dictionary gives for Wonastow the names Llanwarw and Llanoronwy

:_______________________________.

Llanwarw lhan-WAA-ru› [ɬanˡwɑˑrʊ]

1 SO4810 Village in the county of Mynwy (English name: Wonastow)

7540_llanwrarw_wonastow_090811
(delwedd 7540)


The Settlement of Brittany. By William Edwards, M.A. In Y Cymmrodor : Transactions of the Society of Cymmrodorion of London. 1890-1891. Volume 10.

[Winnaloë, or Gwennolé]

It is not generally known that there is a church possibly dedicated to this saint in Wales, viz., Wonastow, near Monmouth (locally pronounced Winnastow), anciently (see Liber Landavensis, p. 191) called Lannguarwi (that, or Lannguariu, is the reading of the MS., though the printed text alters it into Lann Gungarui), and still called in Welsh, by one of the few remaining Welsh-speaking natives of central Monmouthshire, Llanwarrw; thus the English would appear to have preserved the first, the Welsh the last part of the saint's name.

In his Additional Notes to the Liber Landavensis (p. 11, top), the late Mr. Thomas Wakeman says that "Wonostow is called in old writings Llanwarrow, Walwanstow, Wonewalstow, and Owenstow;"

we think, however, that the last name is equivalent to the Owenstowne of Additional Charter 7156 at the British Museum, and an English translation of the well-known Treowen, near Wonastow.

Lann Guorboc (the place on whose name Mr. Wakeman's note is written, Lib. Land., 153-4) is certainly not Wonastow; it is in Erging, not in Gwent uwch Coed, Guorboc being a scribal error for Guorboe, and the place meant being the church of Garway in Herefordshire, spelt Garewy in what is described as a continuation of Matthew of Westminster in Royal MS. 14, C. vi., fo. 255 col. 2, where one "Thomas de Garewy iuxta Grossum Montem " (i.e., Grosmont) and his brother Stephen are mentioned. In modern literary Welsh the name Gurboe would be Gwrfwy.

NOTE: The Welsh Academy English Welsh Dictionary gives for Wonastow the names Llanwarw and Llanoronwy

:_______________________________.

Llanwrfwy lhan-UR-vui› [ɬanˡʊrvʊɪ]
1 Garway

Llanwrfwy is the spelling in modern Welsh of the name Lann Guorboe (which occurs in the Liber Landavensis, early 1100s).

2 William Edwards, in 1891, states that Llanwrfwy is modern-day Garway, and is not modern-day Wonastow as another writer had suggested.

The Settlement of Brittany. By William Edwards, M.A. In Y Cymmrodor : Transactions of the Society of Cymmrodorion of London. 1890-1891. Volume 10.

In his Additional Notes to the Liber Landavensis (p. 11, top), the late Mr. Thomas Wakeman says that “Wonostow is called in old writings Llanwarrow, Walwanstow, Wonewalstow, and Owenstow;”

we think, however, that the last name is equivalent to the Owenstowne of Additional Charter 7156 at the British Museum, and an English translation of the well-known Treowen, near Wonastow.

Lann Guorboc (the place on whose name Mr. Wakeman's note is written, Lib. Land., 153-4) is certainly not Wonastow; it is in Erging, not in Gwent uwch Coed, Guorboc being a scribal error for Guorboe, and the place meant being the church of Garway in Herefordshire, spelt Garewy in what is described as a continuation of Matthew of Westminster in Royal MS. 14, C. vi., fo. 255 col. 2, where one "Thomas de Garewy iuxta Grossum Montem " (i.e., Grosmont) and his brother Stephen are mentioned. In modern literary Welsh the name Gurboe would be Gwrfwy.

2 (Geiriadur yr Acádemi, the Welsh Academy English-Welsh Dictionary, gives the Welsh name of Garway as Llanwrfwy)

3 According to the website Archenfield Archaeology, Llanwrfwy is in fact Eaton Bishop SO4439, a village 7km west of Hereford,

http://www.archenfield.com/Longtown.htm

rather than Garway, a village 17km south-west of Hereford

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/919801 Eaton Bishop

7422_llanwrfwy_eaton_bishop_090204
(delwedd 7422)

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) church (of) Gwrfwy”)

(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Gwrfwy)

:_______________________________.

Llanrhaeadr ym Mochnant lhan-HREI-adər əm MOKH-nant› [ɬanˡhrəɪadər əm ˡmɔxnant] feminine noun
1
SJ1225 village in the county of Powys

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/193294 y pentre / the village
 
7232_CYMRU_OREN_llanrhaeadr_081209
(delwedd 7232)

ETYMOLOGY: “(the place called) Llanrhaeadr in (the kántrev of) Mochnant”
 (Llanrhaeadr) + (yn preposition = in; becomes ym if the following consonant is m) + (Mochnant)

Llanrhaeadr “(the) church (of the) waterfall”.
:_______________________________.

Llanrhaeadr yng Nghinmeirch lhan-HREI-ad ə r ə NGHIN-meirkh› [ɬanˡhrəɪadər ə ˡŋhɪnməɪrx] feminine noun
1
locality the county of Dinbych. SJ0863 4km south-east of Dinbych on the road to Rhuthun .

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ0863 map

2
a parish at this place

Pentre Llanrhaeadr SJ0862 village south-east of Llanrhaeadr
“(the place called) Pentre (which is next to) Llanrhaeadr”

ETYMOLOGY: ‘the place called Llanrhaeadr in the ‘cwmwd’ (kúmmud / commote / district) of Cinmeirch’ (in medieval times, Ceinmeirch).

Llanrhaeadr “(the) church (of the) waterfall”.
Ceinmeirch “(the) ridge (of the) horses” (q.v.)

NOTE: A misspelling on English-language maps and in some nineteenth-century Welsh texts is Llanrhaiadr

:_______________________________.

Llanrhymni lhan- hrəm -ni›
1
(ST2181) Originally the name of a mansion, now the name of a suburb of Caer-dydd
English name: Llanrumney

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) church (by the river) Rhymni”. But originally it was Lanrymni “(the) bank (of the river) Rhymni”, with lan (a mutated form of glan = bank, riverside). More correctly, the name would be Glanrhymni.

There are other examples of lan used instead of glan as the first element in a name
..a/ Lan-dŵr (Abertawe)

..b/ Lan y Parc (“(the) hill (of) the field”)
Street name in Llancaeach, county of Caerffili

The lan of Lanrhymni was confused with llan (= church)
Another name showing this same confusion is Llanyrafon in Cwm-brân (county of Torfaen), originally Lanyrafon < Glanyrafon “(the) bank (of) the river”, riverbank, riverside

NOTE: 1856 / Archaeologia Cambrensis / Vol 2 / 2nd series
Can anyone tell me authoritatively the proper way to spell the name of the house in which I now live? Practically every man spelled it as is right in his own eyes, while every Welsh scholar I ask gives me a different interpretation of its origin. On tombs, in parish documents etc, it is indifferently written Lanrumney and Llanrumney. I have ventured to substitute Rhymney for Rumney; but I am puzzled, as to the first syllable. Persons, all of whom ought to know, say it should be, some Lan, some Llan, some Glan. Will someone tell me the exact difference between the three? The house stands very near the river Rhymney, whence doubtless the name. There is no church or tradition of any church.

Edward Freeman
Lan-, Llan-, or Glan-rhymney, Cardiff
January 15 1856


:_______________________________.

Llan-sain-siôr lhan-sain- shoor›
1
SH9775 locality in Conwy, near Abergele
English name: Saint George

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) church (of) Saint George”)
(llan = church) + (sain = saint) + (Siôr = George)

NOTE: A variant form is Llan-san-siôr

On roadsigns in the area with the curious and impossible spelling of “Llansan Siôr”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/112825

:_______________________________.

Llansanffráid lhan-san-fraid› feminine noun
1
The short form of various place names which have a differentiating tag (usually a river name or territorial name)

(The acute accent is not standard; used here to indicate that the stress is on this final syllable)

7288_CYMRU_OREN_llansanffraid_091217
(delwedd 7288)

.....(1) Llansanffráid ar Elái (ST0977) (county of Bro Morgannwg)

“(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (on) (the) (river) Elái.

(Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd, Elwyn Davies, 1975, Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru recommends the spelling Llansanffraid-ar-Elái)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST0977 map (Englished as St. Bride’s-super-Ely)

.....(2) Llansanffráid ar Ogwr (SS9184) (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

“(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (on) (the) (river) Ogwr

(Englished as St. Bride’s Minor)

(Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd, Elwyn Davies, 1975, Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru recommends the spelling Llansanffraid-ar-Ogwr)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS9184 map, Bryncethin

.....(3) Llansanffráid Cwmteuddwr (SN9667) (district of Maesyfed, county of Powys) “(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (in) (the kúmmud / cwmwd of) Deuddwr”.

cwmwd Deuddwr > cwmwteuddwr > cwm’teuddwr

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN9667 map

.....(4) Llansanffráid Deuddwr (SN2118) (parish in the district of Maldwyn, county of Powys) “(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (in) (the kúmmud / cwmwd of) Deuddwr .

The name Deuddwr survives as that of a hamlet SJ2417

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/548122 map

.....(5) Llansanffráid Glan Conwy (SH8076) (county of Conwy)

“(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (on) (the) bank (of) (the river) Conwy.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH8076 map

.....(6) Llansanffráid Glyn Ceiriog (SJ2038) (county of Wrecsam)

(Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd, Elwyn Davies, 1975, Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru recommends the spelling Llansanffraid Glynceiriog)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2038 map

According to wikipedia 2009-01-17 “Llansantffraid Glyn Ceiriog… can be translated to the "Church of Saint Ffraid in the Ceiriog Valley" ”.

This is not exactly the case. The meaning of the name is

“(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (in) Glyn Ceiriog / in the valley of the Ceiriog river”, to differentiate it from the other Llansantffráids, and especially Llansanffráid Glyn Dyfrdwy

.....(7) Llansanffráid Glyn Dyfrdwy (SJ1143) (county of Dinbych)

“(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (in) Glyn Dyfrdwy / in the valley of the Dyfrdwy river / the river Dee”

(Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd, Elwyn Davies, 1975, Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru recommends the spelling Llansanffraid Glyndyfrdwy)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2421

.....(8) Llansanffráid Gwynllŵg (ST2982) (county of Casnewydd)

“(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (in) (the kúmmud / cwmwd of) Gwynllŵg”.

Called by the English St Brides Wentlooge.

Gwynllŵg means “territory of Gwynllyw” (Gwynllyw) + (-wg territorial suffix) > Gwynllýw-wg > Gwynllẃ-wg > Gwynllŵg

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST2982

.....(9) Llansanffráid ym Mechain (SJ2220) (district of Maldwyn, county of Powys)

“(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (in) (the kántrev / cantref of) Mechain

(Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd, Elwyn Davies, 1975, Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru recommends the spelling Llansanffraid-ym-Mechain)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2220 map

Mechain is “(the) plain (of) (the river) Cain” < *Mechein < *Ma-chein
(ma = plain) + spirant mutation + (Cein, the older form of Cain river name)

7509_llanfechain_090423
(delwedd 7509)

In 2008 the official spelling of the name became Llansanffraid-ym-Mechain, replacing Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain, with ‘t’. Although etymologically correct, the ‘t’ ceased to be pronounced in this name many centuries ago

.....(9) Llansanffráid yn Elfael (SO0954) (district of Maldwyn, county of Powys)

“(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (in) (the kúmmud / cwmwd of) Elfael”.

(Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd, Elwyn Davies, 1975, Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru recommends the spelling Llansanffraid-yn-Elfael)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO0954 map (on map as “Llansantffraed-in-Elwel”)

2
Other places of this name have no differentiating tag:

...(1) Llansanffráid SO5824 locality in South Herefordshire, England.
English name: “Bridstow” (“Brid” = Bríd, Bride, “stow” = church)

For differentiation the name of the county may be added - “Llansanffráid Swydd Henffordd” – since it is the only Llansanffráid in this English county

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/520207 map, neuadd y plwyf / map, parish hall

...(2) Llansanffráid (SN5167) locality in the county of Ceredigion; and a parish at this place
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN5167 map

For differentiation the name of the county may be added - “Llansanffráid Ceredigion” – since it is the only Llansanffráid in the county

...(3) Llansanffráid (SO1223) locality in the district of Brycheiniog (county of Powys); and a parish at this place
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1223 map
For differentiation the name of the county may be added - “Llansanffráid Brycheiniog” – since it is the only Llansanffráid in the district and former county

...(4) Llansanffráid (SO3510) locality in the county of Mynwy
Gwesty Cwrt Llansanffráid Llansantffraed Court Hotel
For differentiation the name of the county may be added - “Llansanffráid Sir Fynwy” – since it is the only Llansanffráid in the new county of Mynwy

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO3510 map

ETYMOLOGY: (the) church (of) saint Bríd;

Llansanffráid is from *Llan-san-fráid (llan = church) + (san’ < sant = saint) + (Braid = Welsh form of the name of the Irish female saint Bríd (older Irish spelling: Brighid).

The clustder nf [nv] > nff [nf]

:_______________________________.

Llansanffráid Glan Conwy lhan- lhan -san- fraid glan ko -nui›
1 (SH8076) locality in the county of Conwy 6km to the south-west of Baecolwyn
Also Glanconwy

2 a parish at this place

ETYMOLOGY: “the place called ‘Llansanffráid’ which is on the bank if the river Conwy”
(Llansanffráid) + (glan = river bank) + (Conwy river name)

Llansanffráid “(the) church (of) saint Bríd” < *Llan-san-fráid (llan = church) + (sant = saint) + (Braid = Welsh form of the name of the Irish female saint Bríd)

:_______________________________.

Llantarnam lhan- tar-nam
1 (ST3192) locality in the county of Torfaen
, south-east Wales

The earlier name was Llanfihangel Nant Teyrnon
‹lhan-vi- ha -ngel nant teir non›

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/822352
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)


ETYMOLOGY: Llanfihangel Nant Teyrnon “the Llanfihangel which is in Nant Teyrnon”
Llanfihangel = “(the) church (of) Michael (the) (Arch)angel”
Nant Teyrnon = “(the) valley (of) Teyrnon”

Because this is an irregular reduction of a long name there is no soft mutation *Llandarnam

Llanfihangel Nant Teyrnon > llan Teyrnon

There are three changes involved in Teyrnon – the following sequence may not be the actual one
(1) Teyrnon
[ˡtəirnɔn] > *Tarnon [ˡtarnɔn] (compare the southern prnounciation of Maerdy [ˡməirdɪ] as “Mardy” [ˡməirdɪ], and Maerdref / Maerdre [ˡməirdrɛv, ˡməirdrɛ] as “Mardra” [ˡmardra] (Llanilltud Vaerdre, county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

(2) *Tarnon > *Tarnom
The change of final n > m occurs sporadically in Welsh. Compare place names such as
Y Trallwng (= the mire) > Y Trallwn > Y Trallwm,
Llandinan (“church (by) (the) little hillfort”) > Llandinam (Powys).
English “button” became Welsh botwn, now botwm (= button)

(3) *Tarnom > Tarnam. The change of final o > a occurs in other words in Welsh. Compare the southern pronunciaiton of ofn
[ɔvn] (= fear) which is generally ofon [oˑvɔn], and a variantt ofan [oˑvan].

A similar reduction in a place name in this general area in Llanddewi Nant Hodni > Llan Nant Hodni > Llantoni

NOTE: Llanfihangel y Fynachlog (“(the) Llanfihangel (which is) (next to) the monastery”. In Parochiale Wallicanum'/ Rev. A. W. Wade-Evans / Y Cymmrodor (1910) , a footnote states: "Llantarnam is called, colloquially, in Welsh Llanvihangel y Vynachlog."—
J.A.B. (This is Sir Joseph Alfred Bradney, 1859-1933), (The church is a short distance from the Abbey)

:_______________________________.

Llantoni
lhan- too -ni›
1 village in the county of Mynwy, south-east Wales

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/312942 Abaty Llantoni / the abbey
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)


ETYMOLOGY: Originally Llanddewi Nant Hodni “(the) Llanddewi (in) Nant Hodni”
Llanddewi = “(the) church (of) David”
Nant Hodni = “(the) valley (of the) Hodni (stream)”

A similar reduction in a place name in this general area in Llanfihangel Nant Teyrnon > Llan Teyrnon > Llantarnam

:_______________________________.

Llantrisant lhan- tri -sant›
ETYMOLOGY: “llan y tri sant” (the) church (of the) three saints
(llan = church) + (y = the) + (tri = three) + (sant = saint)

1
ST0483 locality (town) in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf, south-east Wales, and a parish at this place
Local name: Y Llan
The three saints are Illtud, Gwynno and Tyfodwg

Gwyr Rhyddion Llantrisant (‘Gwyr Ryddon Llantrisant’ colloquially) nickname for the inhabitants of the town (“(the) free men (of) Llantrisant”)

Twyn Llantrisant the name of the hill on which Llantrisant stands (twyn = hill)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/939283 Y Twyn / Llantrisant Hill

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/979714 Twyn / Llantrisant Hill

Comin Llantrisant ST0484 Llantrisant Common
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/969647

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/411124

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/969367
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

A Topographical Dictionary of Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849: The town is romantically situated, on the road from Cowbridge to Merthyr-Tydvil, in a pass over a mountainous ridge, between two lofty hills, and is irregularly and indifferently built; but its whitewashed houses, with the dismantled tower of its castle, form conspicuous and interesting features in the scenery on approaching the mountains. The vicinity is indescribably beautiful and highly picturesque ; and the views embrace a tract of country abounding with features of romantic character and almost unrivalled magnificence.

2
Former name of the church at Llywel (Powys), according to
A Topographical Dictionary of Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849:
The church, once called Llantrisant, from its dedication to three saints, viz.,
David, Padarn, and Teilo, is an ancient structure, consisting of a nave and chancel, with a strong tower at the west end, and is situated on ground of more lofty elevation than perhaps any other church in Brecknockshire, except that of Penderin


3 Place in Llanfihangel y Creuddyn (Ceredigion)
A Topographical Dictionary of Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849:
The chapel of Eglwys-Newydd, which is within the precincts of the estate of Havod, and forms an interesting and beautiful feature in the landscape, was originally at a place called Llantrisant, nearer to the mother church, by Vron Gôch mine, the remains of the cemetery being still plainly visible; but it was removed to the present site early in the 17th century, through the influence of the Herberts of Havod, and the growing population of Cwm-Ystwith works: a stone in the east end of the chapel, inscribed 1642, was brought from the original building and placed in its present position 30 years ago, when the chapel was rebuilt at the expense of Colonel Johnes, the then spirited proprietor of Havod.

ETYMOLOGY: “llan y tri sant” (the) church (of the) three saints
(llan = church) + (y = the) + (tri = three) + (sant = saint)

:_______________________________.

1 llanw LHAA nu› (verb) (South Wales)
1
to fill (North - llenwi)

:_______________________________.

2 llanw LHAA nu› (masculine noun)
1
tide
2
ton lanw, tonnau llanw tidal wave
creigres lanw, creigresi llanw tidal reef

morlyn llanw, morlynnoedd llanw tidal lagoon
:_______________________________.

Llanwenog lhan-we-nog› feminine noun
1
(SN4945) locality in Ceredigion, south-west Wales

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/735635 yr eglwys / the church

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)


2 A parish at this place. The parish has a hilly part and a lowland part, known as Blaenau Llanwenog (“the highland / stream-sources / valley-heads of Llanwenog”, and Bro Llanwenog (“the lowland / plain of Llanwenog”)

3
The parish was the home John Gwenogvryn Evans, editor of medieval Welsh texts, (1852-1930), born in Llanybydder (SN5244) in the county of Caerfyrddin but brought up in Llanwenog.
Gwenogfryn is (“hill (of) Gwenog”); this middle name was used to make the very common name ‘John Evans’ more distinctive. John Gwenogvryn Evans probably devised it himself.

As a place name a more natural form would be Bryngwenog but in forming personal names from existing place names or hypothetical place names the elements were sometimes reversed).

It is possibly a synonym of Blaenau Llanwenog (“upper part of the parish of Llanwenog”).

(The name Bryn Gwenog / Bryngwenog may however occur in the parish – any confirmation of this?) (As a house name Bryngwenog occurs in Llanfair Pont Steffan (foun spelt as “Bryn-gwenog” in a newspaper obituary 2010) and also as a house name (“Bryngwenog”) in Llanybydder.


The use of “v” instead of “f” in some cases indicated support for a proposed spelling change advocated in the 1800s but finally abandoned – the use of “v” for ‹v›, and “f” for ‹f›, as in English and other European languages, to replace Welsh”f” for ‹v› and “ff” for ‹f›. This might be the reason for “Gwenogvryn” instead of “Gwenogfryn”.

ETYMOLOGY: ( llan = church) + soft mutation + (Gwenog = saint’s name)

:_______________________________.

Llanwnnog lhan-u-nog›
1
(SO0293) village in Powys (Sir Drefaldwyn division)

A Topographical Dictionary of Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849
LLANWNNOG (LLAN-WYNNOG), a parish, in the union of Newtown and Llanidloes, Lower division of the hundred of Llanidloes, county of Montgomery, North Wales, 6½ miles (W. by N.) from Newtown; containing 1716 inhabitants. Its name is derived from the dedication of its church to St. Gwynnog, an eminent member of the congregation of Catwg, who flourished about the middle of the sixth century, and was canonized after his decease.


ETYMOLOGY: “church (of) Gwynnog” (llan = church) + soft mutation + (Gwynnog).
The saint’s name is (gwyn, gwynn- = white; pure; holy) + (suffix –og)

The change of [wi] in the penult syllable to [u] occurs in other words in Welsh

:_______________________________.

Llanwrtud lha NUR tid›
1
town, south-west (‘church of Gwrtud’)

:_______________________________.

Llanwynno lhan- wə -no›
1
(SO0395) locality in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf (South-east Wales)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/340261 yr eglwys / the church

2
a parish at this place

3
Daearwynno (qv) A farm by Llanwynno church ST0295 (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)


In English as “Daerwonno”, from the Welsh colloquial form of the name

(“(the) land (belonging to the church dedicated to) Gwynno”
(daear = land) + soft mutation + (Gwynno = saint’s name)
In South Wales daear > daer [dair] > da’r [daar]

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/109579

ETYMOLOGY: (the) church (of) Gwynno
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Gwynno = saint’s name)

:_______________________________.

Llanwynnog lhan-wi-nog›
1
See Llanwnnog

:_______________________________.

Llanycil (i.e. the pronunciation is Llanýcil) lhan-Ə-kil›
1
a village SH9134 and parish in Gwynedd, by Llyn Tegid, south-west of Y Bala, about 20 km south-west of Corwen and 24 km to the north-east of Dolgellau

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/139591 Llanycil

7497_llanycil_090330

(delwedd 7497)

ETYMOLOGY: llan y cil “church (of) the secluded place / of the nook ”
(llan = church) + (y definite article) + (cil = nook)

Although one might think that Llanycil is an erroneous spelling for Llan-y-cil (with the accent on the final syllable), (since for example Bryn-glas is often spelt erroneously Brynglas, Rhosddu is a misspelling for Rhos-ddu, as is Treboeth for Tre-boeth) the name is an example of accent shift to a preceding syllable, and so as such the spelling Llanycil correctly indicates the pronunciation.

 

A similar example is Trefyclo (= Trefýclo) in Powys from Trefýclaw < Trefýclawdd < Tref-y-clawdd (English name: Knighton).

:_______________________________.

Llanymddyfri lhan əm DHƏV ri›
1
town, south-west

:_______________________________.

Llan-y-tair-mair lhan-ə-tair-mair› feminine noun
1
SS4688 locality in the county of Abertawe. English name: Knelston [nélstən]

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS4688 map

2 a parish at this place

7460_llan-y-tair-mair_090330

(delwedd 7460)

ETYMOLOGY: (the) church (of) the three Marys (llan = church) + (y definite article) + (tair = three, feminine form of tri = three) + (Mair = Mary)
(note: no soft mutation after the definite article y of feminine numerals; thus y tair (= the three), and not “y dair”.


The three Marys are
(1) Mary, the mother of Christ,
(2) Mary Magdalen and
(3) Mary of Cleophas

They are depicted in illustrations in the Middle Ages standing at the foot of the cross as witnesses of the Crucifixion of Christ.

7219_y_tair_mair_081202_el_greco_el_expolio

(delwedd 7219)

El Greco (1541–1614), El Expolio – the three Marys appear at the bottom of the painting

Sant Ioan 19.25 Ac yr oedd yn sefyll wrth groes yr Iesu, ei fam ef, a chwaer ei fam ef, Mair gwraig Cleoffas, a Mair Magdalen
Saint John 19.25 Now there stood by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene

:_______________________________.

llarieidd-dra lha-ri-eidh-dra›
1
gentleness
Nid oedd ei larieidd-dra yn peri iddo fod yn feddal a gwasaidd.
His gentleness did not make him (“did not cause him to be”) soft and servile

ETYMOLOGY: (llarieidd- < llariaidd = gentle) + (-dra suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

llarpio lharp -yo› verb
verb with an object

1
rip to pieces, tear to pieces, pull to bits, maul

2
South Wales get, acquire, catch

3
South Wales (food) guzzle down, swallow up

4
South Wales insult

5
North Wales to sock (somebody), to belt (somebody)

ETYMOLOGY: possibly from llaprau = rags, tatters, from some English word (for example, dialect larrups = rags, tatters)

South Wales llarpo (in the South generally there is -o instead of -io, i.e. the i at the beginning of a final syllable is lost)

:_______________________________.

llarpiog lharp -yog› adjective
1
in tatters, torn to pieces
2
(insect) greedy and destructive

ETYMOLOGY: (llarp-i-, stem of llarpio = rip to bits) + (-og = suffix for forming adjectives)

South Wales llarpog (in the South generally there is -og instead of -iog, i.e. the i at the beginning of a final syllable is lost)

:_______________________________.

lla’th lhaath›
southern form of llaeth (= milk)
Usually spelt (less correctly) llâth
See aa / llaath


:_______________________________.

llath, llathau LHAATH, LHA the› (feminine noun)
1
yard (= measure, three feet); see llathen


2 hudlath magic wand
(hud = magic) + soft mutation + (llath = stick)

:_______________________________.

llathen, llathenni LHA then, lha THE ni› (feminine noun)
1
yard (= measure, three feet) (91.44 cm)

:_______________________________.

llathrydd lha -thridh› masculine noun
PLURAL
llathryddion lha-thrədh-yon›
1
polisher, device for polishing
2
polisher, man or woman who polishes

ETYMOLOGY: (llathr-, stem of llathru = to polish) + (-ydd = suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

llaw, dwylo LHAU, DUI lo› (feminine noun)
1
hand, hands

2
clymu rhywun draed a dwylo hogtie somebody, bind hand and foot

3
curo eich dwylo / curo’ch dwylo ki ro DUI lau› clap one’s hands

4
llaw flewog lhau VLEU og› hairy hand
Mae ganddo law flewog He’s got sticky fingers, he’s apt to steal things (“he’s got a hairy hand”)

It is also a metonym for a person: llaw flewog thief
Mae e’n llaw flewog He’s a thief


dwylo blewog (“hairy hands”)
Mae ganddo ddwylo blewog He’s a thief (“he has hairy hands”)
y bobl â dwylo blewog the thieving fraternity, people prone to steal things

5
law yn llaw lau ən LHAU› (adverb) hand in hand

6
ysgwyd llaw ə skuid LHAU› to shake hands (‘to shake a hand’)

7
golchi’ch dwylo wash your hands of = disclaim all involvement in a matter, disclaim responsibility

Mathew 27:24 A Peilat a gymerth ddwfr ac a olchodd ei ddwylo gerbron y bobl gan ddywedyd Dieuog ydwyf fi wrth waed y cyfiawn hwn
Mathew 27:24 He took water and washed his hands before the multitude saying I am innocent of the blood of this just person

8 rhoi clap ar eich dwylo clap your hands together (in expectation) (“give a clap on your hands”)

9 adnabod rhywbeth fel cefn eich llaw know something like the back of your hand

10
Dyw e byth yn llaesu dwylo He never slackens, He never relaxes his efforts, He sticks at it constantly

11
unllaw in-lhau› one-handed
(un = un) + soft mutation + ( llaw = hand) unlaw > unllaw
Also: un llaw
iin lhau›, ag un llaw aag iin lhau›

12
trwy law by the hand of
'through the hand of’ (trwy = through) + soft mutation + (llaw = hand)

Samuel-1 18:25 A dywedodd Saul, Fel hyn y dywedwch wrth Dafydd; Nid yw y brenin yn ewyllysio cynnysgaeth, ond cael cant o flaengrwyn y Philistiaid, i ddial ar elynion y brenin. Ond Saul oedd yn meddwl peri lladd Dafydd trwy law y Philistiaid.
Samuel-1 18:25 And Saul said, Thus shall ye say to David, The king desireth not any dowry, but an hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be avenged of the king's enemies. But Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines.


13
talu ar law pay cash (“pay on hand”)

14 cymryd y gyfraith yn eich dwylo eich hunan take the law into your own hands

15 llaw is the first element in llofrudd (= murderer)
This is in fact a metonym, being literally “red hand”.

Originally llaw was llawf, but in modern Welsh this final f has disappeared
llawf rudd
(llawf = hand) + soft mutation + (rhudd = red)
> *llawfrudd > llofrudd (aw > o in the penult)

16 lloffa
(= to glean, to gather fallen grains) < *llawffa < llawf-ha
(llawf, old form of llaw = hand) + (-ha, suffix for forming verbs)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic. Cognate with Old English folm (= hand) and Latin palma (= the palm of the hand, the flat of the hand).

From an Indo-European root which also gave rise to Latin planus
(= flat)

:_______________________________.

llawdyn lhau -din› adjective
1
mean, stingy, tightfisted

ETYMOLOGY: (llaw = hand ) + soft mutation + (tyn or tynn = tight)

:_______________________________.

llawen LHAU en› (adjective)
1
merry

Yr oedd yn llawen iawn ganddi fy ngweld She was very glad to see me (“it was very merry with her my seeing”)

Nadolig Llawen Merry Christmas

:_______________________________.

llawenháu lhau en HAI› (verb)
1
to rejoice

:_______________________________.

llawenydd lhau-EE-nidh› (masculine noun)
1
joy, merriment

:_______________________________.

llawer LHAU er› (masculine noun)
1
many
(llawer o bobl = many people)

Llawer hagr hygar fydd Beauty is only skin deep
(“Many (an) ugly (one) (it-is) amiable that-is”)
(hy- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (car- < caru = to love)

2
much (+ adjective)

llawer gwaeth much worse

Yr oedd y tŷ newydd ar y pryd mewn llawer gwaeth cyflwr na’r hen dŷ
At the time the new house was in a far worse state then the old house

3 Ers llawer dydd... Once upon a time (conventional phrase for beginning a fairy tale, etc)
(Also:
Unwaith... Once upon a time
Un tro...
Once upon a time
Gynt...
Once upon a time
Ers talwm...
Once upon a time
Ryw dro...
Once upon a time
:_______________________________.

llawes, llewys LHAU es, LHEU is› (feminine noun)
1
sleeve

bod gennych rywbeth i lan eich llawes / bod rhywbeth lan eich llawes gyda chi
(South) have something up your sleeve

bod gennych rywbeth i fyny’ch llawes (North) have something up your sleeve

gorwedd ar y soffa a llawes eich siaced dros eich llygaid
lie on the sofa with the sleeve of your jacket over your eyes

2
yn llewys eich crys ən lhau es i GRIIS› (adverb) in your shirtsleeves (“in (the) sleeves (of) your shirt”)

:_______________________________.

llawfeddyg lhau- vê -dhig› masculine noun
PLURAL
llawfeddygon lhau-ve- dhə -gon›
1
surgeon

ETYMOLOGY: (llaw = hand) + soft mutation + (meddyg = doctor)

:_______________________________.

llawfeddygaeth lhau-ve- dhə -geth› feminine noun
1
surgery

2
llawfeddygaeth gosmetig cosmetic surgery
llawfeddygaeth gadwrol conservative surgery
llawfeddygaeth plastic conservative surgery

ETYMOLOGY: (llawfeddyg = surgeon) +(-aeth suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

llawffon lhau -fon› feminine noun
PLURAL
llawffyn lhau -fin›
1 walking stick
cerdded wrth lawffon walk with the aid of a walking stick

2 club, cudgel
llawffon Ercwlff Hercules’s club / Hercules’s cudgel

3 handstave, war club
Ezeciel 39:9 A phreswylwyr dinasoedd Israel a ânt allan, ac a gynneuant ac a losgant yr arfau, a’r tarian, a’r saethau, a’r llawffon, a’r waywffon; ïe, llosgant hwynt yn tân saith mlynedd
Ezekiel 39:9 And they that dwell in the cities of Israel shall go forth, and shall set on fire and burn the weapons, both the shields and the bucklers, the bows and the arrows, and the handstaves, and the spears, and they shall burn them with fire seven years:

ETYMOLOGY: (llaw = hand) + (ffon = stick)

:_______________________________.

llafrwynen lha-VRUI-nen› femení
PLURAL
llafrwyn LHAU-vruin›
1 rush, bulrush
darlun o Moses yn ei gawell llafrwyn ar fin yr afon
a picture of Moses in his crib of rushes on the bank of the river

ETYMOLOGY:
(a) llafrwynen = (llafrwyn = rushes) + (-en suffix added to nouns to make a singular form out of a collective noun or plural noun)

(b) llafrwyn < *llawfrwyn < *llawrfrwyn
(llawr = ground) + soft mutation + (brwyn = rushes)

:_______________________________.

llawgaead lhau-gei-ad› adjective
1
tight-fisted, miserable, stingy, mean

ETYMOLOGY: (llaw = hand) + soft mutation + (caead = closed)

:_______________________________.

llawn LHAUN› (adjective)
1
full

2
ar eich llawn dwf fully grown (“on your full growth”)

3
yn eich llawn dwf

..1/ (person) fully grown, grown-up, adult, mature
gweld dynion yn eu llawn dwf yn chwarae â threnau bach
seeing grown men playing with toy trains

..2/ (fruit) ripe
afal yn ei lawn dwf
a ripe apple

4
Prìn chwedl, llawn chwedl No news is good news (“scarce report, full report”)

5
lawn cymaint just as much, to the same extent
(llawn = full, fully) + (cymaint so much, the same quantity).

There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases,
hence llawn > lawn (ll > l)

Rw i’n hoffi’r darlun bach ‘ma – ond rw i’n hoffi’r darlun arall lawn cymaint
I like this small picture – but I like the other picture just as much

6 Rhy lawn, a gyll Grasp all, lose all (“too full, he will-lose”)

7 drych maint-llawn full-length mirror

:_______________________________.

llawr, lloriau LHAUR, LHOR ye› (masculine noun)
1
floor

2
ground floor
ar y llofft ac ar y llawr upstairs and downstairs
y llawr isa’ the ground floor (“the lowest floor”)

3
ar y llawr ar ə LHAUR› (adverb) on the floor

4
chwalu yn wastad â’r llawr raze to the ground (“destroy flat with the ground”)

5
esgynlawr cockloft, hen roost
( esgyn(n)-
ə›, stem of esgyn i› = to raise) + soft mutation + (llawr = floor)

6 llawr is the first element in
llafrwyn (= bulrushes)
llafrwyn < *llawfrwyn < *llawrfrwyn
(llawr = ground) + soft mutation + (brwyn = rushes)

7 llorio to floor somebody, to knock somebody to the floor or to the ground
*llawrio > llorio (aw > o in the penult)
(llawr = floor, ground) + (-i-o suffix per forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

llawryfen lhau-RƏ-ven› [ɬaʊˡrəvɛn]
PLURAL:
llawryf LHAU-riv› ɬaʊrɪv]
1
laurel tree

Salmau 37:35 Gwelais yr annuwiol yn gadarn, ac yn frigog fel y llawryf gwyrdd.
Psalms 37:35 I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like a green bay tree.

2 Coedllawryf koid LHAU-riv› [kɔɪd ˡɬaʊrɪv] laurel wood; a street in Abergele (Conwy) (spelt as “Coed Llawryf”)
This is “(y) coed llawryf” “(the) wood (of) laurel trees”, “(the) laurel wood”
(y definite article) + (coed = wood) + (llawryf = laurel trees)

ETYMOLOGY: Either
..1/ (lawri = laurel) + (final [v]); lawri < English laury, a form of the word laurel
(Because there is a general tendency to drop a final [v] in plysyllables, but to retian it in the literary language, sometimes a [v] is added where it is not warrented, in the belief that the form without the final [v] is only a colloquial form.

But examples of this are rare – perhaps the most well-known is hunllef (= nightmare) < hunlle ‘sad sleep’ (hun = sleep, lle, obsolete adjective = sad), but the f is added proabably in the belief that the final syllable is llef (a shout, a cry), as if hunllef (“a sleep-shout”, a sout during sleep)

or

llawryf < llawrydd < llawrwydd (= laurel trees)

(llawr = laurel, < Latin laur(us)) + soft mutation + (gwydd = trees)

:_______________________________.

lle, lleoedd LHEE, LHE odh› (masculine noun) colloquial plural: llefydd LHE vidh›
1
place

enw lle, PLURAL enwau lleoedd place name

2 place = usual location of something

rhoi popeth yn ei le put everything in place / in its place

3 reason, motive, cause
lle i gasglu fod... reason to suppose

mae’n amlwg nad oes gennyf le i gwyno it’s evident that I have no reason to complain

Nid oes, gan hynny, le i ameu tystiolaeth y rhan fwyaf o'r awdurdodau diweddarach, mai yn 1123 y bu Omar farw
. (Caniadau / John Morris Jones / 1907) So there is no reason to doubt the evidence of most of the latest authorities that Omar died in 1123

4 place = seat or space occupied by somebody
Pawb i’w le! Everybody (please) be seated!
I’ch lefydd bob un! Go to your seats, everyone!


5
(North Wales) y lle sgwâr the bedroom

mynd i’r lle sgwâr go to bed (“go to the square place”)

6
Gwnewch le! Make way! gangway! (“make space / make room / make a place”)

7
yn lle ‹ən LHEE› (preposition) instead of

8 scope, possibilities
bod cryn le i wella ar (rywbeth) leave a lot to be desired (“to be a considerable place to improve on something”)

9 ni + rhoi cam o'i le not put a foot wrong, not make a mistake ("not put a step (out) of its place")

10 unlle anywhere, in any place
(ni / nid) + unlle not... anywhere, nowhere

(ni / nid = not) + (unlle anywhere)

(unlle is literally “one place
”, un = one, lle = place)

In North Wales ’nunlle nowhere
’nunlle < yn unlle < nid yn unlle
(nid = no, not) + (yn = in) + (unlle = any place)

-Ble buost ti? –’Nunlle
-Where’ve you been? -Nowhere

11 creigle rocky place, crag
(creig- < craig = rock) + soft mutation + (lle = place)

12 cael lle braf get a cushy job (“get a fine place”)

13 Cartrefle (house name) home
“home place” (cartref = home) + soft mutation + (lle = place)

lle y gellir ei ddenyfddio a usable place, a place which can be used (“(a) place which it-is-able its using”)

14 o’i le wrong (literally “from its place” i.e. out of place)

mynd o’i le go wrong (“go from its place”)
Beth all fynd o’i le? What could go wrong? What might go wrong? (“What can go wrong”)

Beth aeth o’i le? What went wrong?

Wn i ddim beth aeth o le ar y teclyn I don’t know what went wrong with the device

Beth sy o’i le ar hynny? What’s wrong with that?

15 Hyfrydle “pleasant place” house name; also a chapel name (eg Calvanistic Methodist chapel in Caergybi, county of Môn)
(hyfryd = pleasant) + soft mutation + (lle = place)

16 lle geni
lhee GEE-ni› [ɬeː ˡgeˑnɪ] place of birth

17 lle da a fat chance = little possibility

Cwynai y gwrandawyr wrth eu gweinidog ei fod yn darllen ei bregethau, a gofynent paham y llusgai ddarnau o bapyrau gydag ef i’r pwlpud. Atebai yntau fod yn rhaid iddo — nas gallai gofìo’r bregeth. “Wel, wel, os ydych chwi yn methu cofìo eich pregeth, lle da i ni fedru.”

The congreagation (“listeners”) complained to the minister that he read his sermons, and they asked why he took (“dragged”) pieces of paper with him inot the pulpit. He answered that he had to – he couldn’t remember the sermon. “Well, well, if you can’t remember (“if you fail to remember”) your sermon, a fat chance we’ve got of being able to.”

8 cael lle da have fun
Fe geson ni le da yn y parti We had a good time at the party

:_______________________________.

lle ‹LHEE› (conj)
1
where

Y y man lle (y) mae’r defaid yn ymgynnull In the place that the sheep gather together

 :_______________________________.

Llebenydd ‹lhe-BEE-nidh› feminine noun
1
(History) “neighbourhood” or “kúmmud” - (cwmwd) in the cantref of Is Coed, country of Gwent (South-east Wales), anglicised as “Libeneth”

7384_gwent_is_coed_llebenydd_090210

(delwedd 7384)


2
There is a street called Heol Llebenydd in the city of Casnewydd (Postal Code: NP19 9AP), officially “Libeneth Road”

http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/boundary_map_page.jsp?u_id=10196693

Map of the boundaries of the parishes comprising Llebenydd Cmt. It is approximate because parishes may have been only partly in the Ancient District”

 

:_______________________________.

Lle-braf lhe-braav›
1
house name in Bangor (Gwynedd) (spelt as “Lle Braf”)

ETYMOLOGY: y lle braf “the fine place, the splendid place”
(y definite article) + (lle = place) + (braf = fine, splendid) :_______________________________.

Lle bydd mwg bydd tân lhee biidh muug biidh taan›
1
There’s no smoke without fire = however unlikely a rumour may seem, there is often some basis for the rumour starting

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) place there-is smoke there-is fire”)

(lle = place) + (bydd = there is, there will be) + (mwg = smoke) + (bydd = there is, there will be) + (tân = fire)

:_______________________________.

llech PLURAL llechi, llechau LHEEKH, LHEE-khi, LHEE-khe› (feminine noun)
1
slate

2
tomen lechi plural tomenni llechi, tomennydd llechi slate tip, tip with waste stones from slate extraction

:_______________________________.

llech faen lheekh vâin› feminine noun
PLURAL
llechau maen, llechau meini lhê-khi mâin, lhê-khi mei-ni›
1
tablet of stone

Deuteronomium 4:13 Ac efe a fynegodd i chwi ei gyfamod a orchmynnodd efe i chwi i’w wneuthur, sef y dengair; ac a’u hysgrifennodd hwynt ar ddwy lech faen
Deuteronomy 4:13 And he declared unto you his covenant, which he commanded you to perform,
even ten commandments; and he wrote them upon two tables of stone.

Deuteronomium 9:9 Pan euthum i fyny i’r mynydd i gymryd y llechau meini, sef llechau y cyfamod, yr hwn a wnaeth yr Arglwydd â chwi; yna yr arhoais yn y mynydd ddeugain niwrnod a deugain nos; bara ni fwyteais, a dwfr ni yfais (9:10) A rhoddes yr Arglwydd ataf y ddwy lech faen, wedi eu hysgrifennu â bys Duw; ac arnynt yr oedd yn ôl yr holl eiriau a lefarodd yr Arglwydd wrthych yn y mynydd, o ganol y tân, ar ddydd y gymanfa (9:11) A bu, ymhen y deugain niwrnod a’r deugain nos, roddi o’r Arglwydd ataf y ddwy lech faen; sef llechau y cyfamod
Deuteronomy 9:9 When I was gone up into the mount to receive the tables of stone,
even the tables of the covenant which the Lord made with you, then I abode in the mount forty days and forty nights, I neither did eat bread nor drink water: (9:10) And the Lord delivered unto me two tables of stone written with the finger of God; and on them was written according to all the words, which the Lord spake with you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly. (9:11) And it came to pass at the end of forty days and forty nights, that the Lord gave me the two tables of stone, even the tables of the covenant.

2
slab of stone; see the place name Llech-faen

3
llechfaen (qv) slab; bakestone

ETYMOLOGY: (llech = slab) + soft mutation + (maen = stone)

:_______________________________.

llechfaen LHEKH-vain› [ˡɬɛxvaɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL
llechfeini lhekh-VEI-ni› [ɬɛxˡvəɪnɪ]
1
slate = impervious rock easily split along parallel planes; thick pieces can be used for doorsteps, windowsills, mantlepieces; and thin pieces for roofing tiles or as a writing surface for chalk

2
a roofing slate

3
slab
“Llechwan” y gelwir carreg gymharol drwchus, ac yn meddu gryn hyd a lled - digon i guddio llawr ystafell, neu darn o gae Tarian y Gweithiwr 23 04 1899
“Llechwan” is the name given to a relatively thick stone, with a considerable length and breadth - enough to cover the floor of a room, or part of a field

4
bakestone = flat stone or a plate of iron for baking cakes on

bara llechwan = bread baked on a bakestone

“Llechwan” hefyd y gelwir y teclyn haearn a osodir ar y tân i grasu teisen. Yr oedd mewn bri mawr er’s llawer dydd i wneud bara gwenith, haidd a cheirch. Ar hwn y crasir ‘bara llechwan’ a ‘bara prwmlyd’ Tarian y Gweithiwr 23 04 1899
“Llechwan” was also the name given to the iron implement placed on the fire to bake a cake. Long ago it was greatly in use for making wheaten bread, barley bread and oat bread. On this ‘bara llechwan’, also called ‘bara prwmlyd’, is baked.

ETYMOLOGY: see llech faen

NOTE: South-east Wales llechwan or llychwan

..1/ llechfaen > llechfen (In colloquial Welsh, a final “ae” is reduced to “e”)

..2/ llechfen > llechwen (in some words in Welsh there occurs the change
v› [v] > w› [w]; for example, efallai (= maybe) > falle > walle)

..3/ llechwen > llechwan (in the South-east, a final e > a)

..4/ llechwan > llychwan
LHƏKH-wan› [ˡɬəxwan] (in the south-east, in some words, the vowel before the tonic accent becomes y, the obscure vowel)

:_______________________________.

Llech-faen lheekh-VAIN› [ɬeːx ˡvaɪn] feminine noun
1
SO0828 locality in the Brycheiniog area of the county of Powys

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/442057 y pentref / the village

ETYMOLOGY: see llech faen (= slab of stone)

NOTE: The spelling is Llech-faen, with a hyphen, as set out in Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd / The Gazetteer of Welsh Place-Names (1967), because the accent falls on this final syllable. Otherwise, as Llechfaen, the spelling would suggest that the accent falls on the first syllable..

:_______________________________.

llechfeini lhekh-VEI-ni› [ɬɛxˡvəɪnɪ]
1
plural form of llechfaen (= slab, bakestone)

:_______________________________.

llechingalw LHEE-khin-GAA-lu› [ˡɬeˑxɪn ˡgɑˑlʊ] masculine noun
1
(referring to a place whose name the speaker (1) cannot bring to mind, or (2) is reluctant to say; but in either case, the speaker expects the listener to know which place it is) where-d’-y’-call-it

ETYMOLOGY: (lle, a form of pa le = what place, where) + (chi’n galw, part of the phrase beth ych chi’n galw’r lle? what do you call the place?)

:_______________________________.

Y Llech Lydan lheekh LƏ-dan [ɬeːx ˡlədan] (f)

1 name of a sea rock
SH3343 west of Llithfaen, Gwynedd

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=309161 map

ETYMOLOGY: “the wide rock” (y = definite article) + (llech = rock, boulder, stone; gravestone) + soft mutation + (llydan = wide)

:_______________________________.

llechwan LHEKH-wan› [ˡɬɛxwan] masculine noun
1
south-eastern form of llechfaen = slab; bakestone, iron bakestone

:_______________________________.

Llechylched LHEKH-ƏL-khed› [ɬɛxˡəlxɛd] masculine noun
1
SH3476 former church in Ynys Môn

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1001278 mynwent yr eglwys / the churchyard

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) stone (of) Ylched”, Ylched’s stone (llech = rock, boulder, stone; gravestone) + (Ylched saint’s name)
:_______________________________.

lle chwarae lhee KHWAA-rai, -e› [ɬeː ˡxwɑˑraɪ, -ɛ] masculine noun
1
playground, children’s playground

:_______________________________.

llechwedd, llechweddau LHEKH-wedh, lhekh-WEE-dhai, -e› [ˡɬɛxwɛð, lhɛxˡweˑðaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
hillside, slope

Tynyllechwedd
name of an old long house in Pant-mawr, Powys
“farm on the hillside, “(the) farm (of) the hillside” (tyn < tyddyn = smallholding) + (y linking definite article) + (llechwedd = slope)

:_______________________________.

llechwen LHEKH-wen› [ˡɬɛxwɛn] masculine noun
1
southern colloquial form of llechfaen (= slab; bakestone, iron bakestone)

:_______________________________.

..1 lled, lledau LHEED, LHEE-dai, -e› [ˡɬeːd,ˡɬeˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
width, breadth

2
gwybod ei hyd a’i led have somebody sized up (“know his length and his width”)

3
bod gyd-led gyd-hyd be as long as it is broad
(bod = to be) + soft mutation + (cyd-led = co-length) + soft mutation + (cyd-hyd = co-width). There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases. hence cyd > gydd

4
lled- > llet- before g (= mutation of c), b (= mutation of p), t (= originally td, where d is a mutation of t)

..1/ lletraws diagonal, diagonal line (noun, adjective)
(lled = half) + soft mutation + (traws = oblique, slanting) > llet-draws > lletraws

..2/ llety lodging

Cf Scottish (Gaelic)

An Leth Bhaile / Level (Moireabh / Moray) "the half farm"

5 led-led the length and breadth of, all over

Soft mutation to indicate adverbial function of lled-led (lled = breadth) + soft mutation + (lled = breadth)

6 agor (drws) yn lled y pen to open (a door) wide

(generally however it is agor (drws) led y pen)

Drws Yr Eglwys Weledig Wedi Ei Agor Yn Lled y Pen, Fel y Gallo Credinwyr a Phlant Bychain Ddyfod I Mewn (1799) by Thomas Jones (1752-1845)

The door of the visible church opened wide so that believers and little children can come in

7610_drws_yr_eglwys_100320

(delwedd 7610)

:_______________________________.

..2 lled LHEED› [ɬeːd] (adverb)
1
fairly (+ soft mutation);
da = good, lled dda = fairly good, quite good
drwg = bad, lled ddrwg = fairly bad

:_______________________________.

lled-dargludydd lheed-dhar-GLII-didh› [ɬeːd- ðarˡgliˑdɪð] masculine noun
PLURAL
lled-dargludyddion ‹lheed-dhar-glid-ƏDH-yon› [ɬeːd- ðarglɪdˡəðjɔn]
1
semiconductor

ffatri led-ddargludyddion, ffatrïoedd lled-ddargludyddion semiconductor factory, semiconductor plant

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/503992

ETYMOLOGY: (lled = half, semi) + soft mutation + (dargludydd = carrier, conductor)
:_______________________________.

lleddf LHEDHV› [ˡɬɛðv] (adjective)
1
(music / cerddoriaeth) minor

2
(obsolete / hynafol) slope.

Lleddf is not found as an independent noun meaning slope in modern Welsh, but it occurs in goleddf (= slope, hillside)

Origin: goleddf < *gwoleddf
(gwo-, prefix = under) + soft mutation + ( lleddf = sloping, slope)

Regional forms are:
goledd’
(North Wales),
oledd’ (South Wales)

ar oleddf , colloquially ar oledd' (“on (a) slope”) – equvialent to the English adjectives “slanting, sloping, diagonal” or the adverbs “slantwise, diagonally”.
(ar = on) + soft mutation + (goleddf = slope)

:_______________________________.

lledfaddau lhed-VAA-dhai, -e› [ɬɛdˡvɑˑðaɪ, -ɛ] verb
1 (verb with an object) to reprieve (somebody) = to postpone the punishment which somebody must undergo

ETYMOLOGY: (lled = half) + soft mutation + (maddau = pardon)

:_______________________________.

lledfilwr lhed-VII-lur› [ɬɛdˡviˑlʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL
lledfilwyr lhed-VIL-wir› [ɬɛdˡvɪlwɪr]
1
paramilitary = one of a group of citizens who act as soldiers to assist an army

ETYMOLOGY: “half soldier” (lled = half) + soft mutation + (milwr = soldier)

:_______________________________.

lledfilwrol lhed-vi-LUU-rol› [ɬɛdvɪˡluˑrɔl] adjective
1
paramilitary = relating to citizens who act as soldiers to assist an army

ETYMOLOGY: (lledfilwr = paramilitary) + (-ol = suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

lledfron LHED-vron› [ˡɬɛdvrɔn] feminine noun
PLURAL
lledfronnau lhed-VRO-nai, -e› [ɬɛdˡvrɔnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (obsolete) slope

2 Lledfron SJ1120 farm overlooking the stream called Nant Fyllon, 2km north-west of Llanfyllin (Powys)

ETYMOLOGY: (lled = half ) + soft mutation + ( bron = hill)

:_______________________________.

lled-ôl lhed-OOL› [ɬɛdˡoːl] masculine noun
1 rear, back

2
yn eich lled-ôl back, going back the way you have come, retracing your steps

Ymaith â Dic yn ei led-ôl i’r cae Dic went back into the field (“away with Dic retracing his steps into the field”)

3
ar led-ôl following
ar eich lled-ôl following you

4
South-east Wales o led-ôl from behind
o’i led-ôl from behind it

ETYMOLOGY: (lled = half) + (ôl = trace, footprint; behind part)

:_______________________________.

lledr, lledrau LHEDR, LHEE-der, LHE-drai, -e› [ɬɛdr, ˡɬeˑdɛr, ˡɬɛdraɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
leather

cadair freichiau ledr a leather armchair
côt ledr hir ddu a long black leather coat
crefftau lledr leather crafts
croen lledr, pl. crwyn lledr leather hide
crwban cefn lledr leatherback turtle
cynrhonyn lledr, pl. cynrhon lledr leatherjacket grub (Tipula spp.)
darn o ledr a piece of leather
dillad lledr leather clothes
gwaith lledr 1 leatherwork (objects made with leather) 2 leather works (factory producing leather)
maneg ledr drom a heavy leather glove
nwyddau lledr leather goods
pêl rygbi ledr a leather rugby ball, a rugby ball made of leather
lledr ffug imitation leather
potasen ledr (archaic) leather boot
siaced ledr leather jacket
trowsus lledr coch red leather trousers
wedi’i wneud o ledr made of leather

:_______________________________.

llef, llefau LHEEV, LHEE-vai, -e› [ɬeːv, ˡɬɛvaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
a shout, a cry

Datguddiad 10:3 ...y saith daran a lefarasant eu llefau hwythau.
Revelations 10:3 ...seven thunders uttered their voices.

llefau galar cries of woe


2 crochlef strident cry, clamour
(croch = loud) + soft mutation + ( llef = cry )


:_______________________________.

llefain LHEE-vain, -en› [ˡɬeˑvaɪn, -ɛn] (verb)
(often spelt “llefen” in colloquial dialogues, etc)

1
to cry, to weep (South Wales)

paid â llefen don’t cry
rw i wastod yn llefen wrth dorri winwns I always cry when I cut onions
dechre llefen (= dechrau llefain) to begin to cry
llefen y glaw cry your eyes out (“crying (like) the rain”)

:_______________________________.

Llefelys lhe-VEE-lis› [ɬɛˡveˑlɪs]
1
male forename

It occurs in the name of the seventh tale in the Mabinogion compilation,
Cyfranc Lludd a Llefelys
KƏV-rank LHIIDH a lhe-VEE-lis› [ˡkəvraŋk ˡɬiːð a ɬɛˡveˑlɪs] (‘the tale of Lludd {and his brother} Llefelys”)

:_______________________________.

llefnyn LHEV-nin› [ˡɬɛvnɪn] masculine noun
1
(= llafn) blade (of a knife)

2
lad, young man; teenager, adolescent
llefnyn ifanc digywilydd insolent young man

Bu'n gweithio yn y tanerdy pan oedd yn llefnyn He worked in the tannery when he was a lad

ETYMOLOGY: (llafn = blade) + (-yn diminutive suffix);
change a > e under the influence of the final vowel i (vowel affection)

:_______________________________.

llefren LHE-vren› [ˡɬɛvrɛn] (feminine noun)
1
girl

:_______________________________.

llefrith LHEV-rith› [ˡɬɛvrɪθ] masculine noun
1
North Wales milk, sweet milk (i.e. milk that has not been soured).

 

Llaeth is the general word for milk; in the north llaeth is used for llaeth enwyn, buttermilk – that is, the sour liquid that remains after the butter has been removed from churned milk


2
fel llyn llefrith (“like a pool of milk”) said of a very calm sea = like a millpond

 

Llefrith occurs in place names

For example, in South Wales Waun Lefrith near Llanddeusant

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=199315 Waun Lefrith

 

y waun lefrith (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (gwaun = moor) + soft mutation + (llefrith = milk) (“milk moor”, i.e. high ground with good pasture resulting in good yields of milk)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh llefrith < lleflith (*llef = weak, soft, tepid; a word unknown in Welsh outside this compound form) + soft mutation + (blith = milk)

Dissimulation is apparent in the change of LL-V-L > LL-V-R


From the same British root: Cornish levrith (= sweet milk), Breton livrizh (= sweet milk);

In Hibernian Celtic, corresponding words in Irish are:
..1/ leamh (= soft, insipid, tepid) (corresponding to Welsh *llef),
..2/ bligh (= to milk) (corresponding to Welsh blith)

:_______________________________.

lleiaf (“lleia”) LHEI-av, LHEI-a› [ˡɬəɪav, ˡɬəɪa] (adjective)
1
y lleiaf = the least, the smallest

2
cynhyrfu ynghylch y pethau lleiaf get excited about the least thing, over nothing

3
bird names = lesser
cnocell fraith leiaf (Dendrocopos minor) lesser spotted woodpecker

4
helygen leiaf plural: helyg lleiaf
(Salix herbacea) dwarf willow

5
minor, in parish names
Saint Andras Leiaf parish by Dinaspowys
(Saint Andras) + soft mutation + (lleiaf = smallest)
(1971) Population: 10, Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 0%
English name: Saint Andrews Minor

6 gorau po leiaf the less the better
Gorau po leiaf a ddywedir The less said the better; Least said, soonest mended

 

7 (Music) minor

 

Beethoven - Sonata No. 14 in C Sharp Minor Moonlight, Op. 27 No. 2 - I. Adagio sostenuto

Beethoven - Sonata Rhif 14 yn Llonnod C Leiaf ‘Golau Leuad’, Opws 27 Rhif 2 - I. Adagio sostenuto



:_______________________________.

lleian LHEI-an› (f)

PLURAL:
lleianod lhei-AA-nod›

1 nun

2 Sanffraid Leian Saint Bríd or Bridget (“saint Bríd (the) nun”) there is soft mutation (lleian > leian), which in older Welsh occured with epithets following a person’s given name

3 Llanlleiana SH3894, by Llanbadrig in Ynys Môn / Anglesey

llan y lleianau “(the) church (of) the nuns” > llan lleianau (loss of the linkng definite article) > llan lleiana (north-western Welsh has –a in a final syllable for standard –au)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1111845 map

4 Llan-lleian-wen SS6799 llan y lleian wen “church (of) the white nun”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1007764 map

5 Llanlleian (or Llanlluan), by Llanarthne SN5320

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=198441 Llanarthne

6 lleian, lleianod Lymantria monacha nun moth

7451_lleian_lymantria monacha_wiki_090324

(delwedd 7451)

ETYMOLOGY: (llei- < llai = (obsolete) grey) + (suffix –an)

Llai is proabably from Proto-Indo-European *pel (= grey); from *pel is the current Welsh word for grey / brown llwyd

Related words, from derived forms of *pel, are Old English fealu "pale, yellowish-brown," (as in fallow deer), German fahl (= sallow, pale), Greek polios (= grey), as in New Latin poliomyelitis or polio (infantile paralysis), Latin pallere (= be pale).

 

Cf Breton lean (= monk), leanez (= nun)

:_______________________________.

Lleian LHEI-an› (f)

1 name of a daughter of Brychan Brycheiniog (probably more correctly Lluan. Lluan occurs in the Latin manuscript De Situ Brecheniauc circa 1200 as one of Brychan’s 24 daughters)

:_______________________________.

lleiandy lhe-AN-di› (f)

PLURAL:
lleiandai lhei-AN-dai›

1 convent

ETYMOLOGY (lleian = nun) + soft mutation + (ty^ = house)
Breton: leandi (= convent)

:_______________________________.

lleian wen LHEI-an WEN› (f)

PLURAL:
lleianod gwynion lhei-AA-nod GWƏN-yon›

1 Mergus albellus smew

7450_lleian_wen_mergellus albellus_wiki_090324

(delwedd 7450)

ETYMOLOGY: “white nun”, (lleian = nun) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white)

:_______________________________.

lleiddiad lheidh -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL:
lleiddiaid lheidh -yed›
1
killer = (1) substance which kills, (2) person who kills. Found as the combining form -leiddiad
..1/ dynleiddiad = killer, manslaughterer

..2/ bacterleiddiad bactericide (bacter- < bacteria = bacteria) + soft mutation + (lleiddiad = substance which kills)

..3/ ffwngleiddiad = fungicide, substance for killing fungi
..4/ germleiddiad = germicide
..5/ hunanleiddiad = suicide
..6/ pryfleiddiad = insecticide

ETYMOLOGY: (lleidd- = form of lladd = matar, before the vowel –i) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)

:_______________________________.

lleiddiol lleidh -yol› adj
1 (in compound words) = which kills
bacterleiddiol bactericidal(bacter- < bacteria = bacteria) + soft mutation + (lleiddiol adjective = which kills)

ETYMOLOGY: (lleidd- = form of lladd = matar, before the vowel –i) + (-i-ol, suffix for forming adjectives)


:_______________________________.

lleidiau LHEID ye› (plural noun)
1
muds; plural of llaid = mud

:_______________________________.




lleidio LHEID-yo› (v)

1 (vi) to muddy = become muddy

2 (vt) to muddy = make (water) muddy

3 (vt) spatter with mud

ETYMOLOGY: (lleid-, penult form of llaid = mud) + (-i-o suffix for forming verbs)

 
:_______________________________.

lleidiog LHEID-yog› (adj)

1 muddy ENG-Z
dw^r lleidiog y porthladd the muddy water of the harbour

2 Fachleidiog SH7875 Farm by Conwy, at Aber Conwy, the mouth of the Conwy river

If the origin of the name is as it appears on the map, this is y fach leidiog “the muddy nook”

(y definite article) + soft mutation + (bach = corner, nook, recess) + soft mutation + (lleifiog = muddy)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=337916

ETYMOLOGY: (lleid-, penult form of llaid = mud) + (-i-og suffix for forming adjectives)


:_______________________________.

lleidr, lladron LHEI dir, LHA dron› (masculine noun)
1
thief = a person who steals
carn-leidr arrant thief

lleidr gwartheg cattle thief, rustler
lleidr pocedi pickpocket

2
Mae pob peth wrth lygad lleidr Opportunity makes the thief (“everything is in the eye of a thief”)

3
lladrad, lladradau LHA drad, lha DRA de› (masculine noun) theft

4 lladrata lha DRA ta› (verb) to steal
lladrata (rhywbeth) oddi ar (rywun) steal (something) from (somebody)

5
lleidr y nos a thief in the night
Pedr-2 3:10
Eithr dydd yr Arglwydd a ddaw megis lleidr y nos; yn yr hwn y nefoedd a ânt heibio gyda thwrf, a’r defnyddiau gan wir wres a doddant, a’r ddaear a’r gwaith a fyddo ynddi a losgir.           
Peter-2 3:10 But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night; in the which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat, the earth also and the works that are therein shall be burned up.

6 lleidr weiddiff lleidr gyntaf a thief is always the first to accuse others of thieving (“a thief shouts thief first”)

(Sefyllfa: Mae’r gof ar fin dychwelyd i’w efail) "Well ’i mi roi'r troed gora mlaen'" ebe Huw, 'swybod ar y ddaear na fydd o wedi gweld i wyn ar rwbath os bydd o acw o mlaen i. Mae o'n meddwl fod pawb yn lladron, a lleidar weiddith lleidar gynta wyddoch
Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (= Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910)
(Situation: The smith is about to go back to his smithy) “I’d better put my best foot forward,” said Huw.
There’s no knowing whether he’ll take a fancy to something if he’s down there before me. He thinks that everybody is a thief, but a thief is always the first to accuse others of thieving

7 ogof lladron a den of thieves, robbers' hideout, thieves' den, brigands' cave

lleidr pen ffordd highwayman, highway robber

mae’r banciau wedi ymddwyn fel lladron pen ffordd the banks have behaved like highway robbers
:_______________________________.

lleied LHEI ed› (adjective)
1
so little
er cyn lleied however little
pa gyn lleied bynnag however little

2
cynlleied - so small, as small

:_______________________________.

lleihaëdig lhe-ha- ê -dig› adjective
1
diminished, lessened
cyfrifoldeb lleihaëdig diminished responsibility

:_______________________________.

lleiháol lhei-HAA-ol› adjective
1
diminishing
Deddf Adenillion Lleihaol Law of Diminishing Returns


ETYMOLOGY: (lleihá- = stem of lleiháu = diminish, decrease) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

 

:_______________________________.

lleilai LHEI-lai› adjective
1
less and less
Gw^r sydd yn myned yn lleilai pwysig wrth gael ei 'nabod

a man who becomes less and less important as people get to know him (‘while

 getting his knowing’) Y Brython Cymreig 01-03-1906
:_______________________________.

lleill LHEILH› (plural noun)
1
y lleill = the others; see llall

:_______________________________.

lleiniau LHEIN-ye, -yai› (plural noun)
1
strips; see llain

:_______________________________.

lleisiau LHEIS-ye, -yai› (plural noun)
1
oices; see llais

:_______________________________.

Lleision lhei -shon› masculine noun

1
Lleision man’s name; English form: Leyshon

2
Lleision patronymic, form of ap Lleision (son of Lleision)

3
surname = descendant of Lleision; English form: Leyshon

4
Leison soft-mutated form (ll > l) used as a genitive form in certain place names

(1) Coed Leison (“(the) wood (of) Lleision”) name of a wood west of Pendeulwyn (Bro Morgannwg)

(2) Gwaunleision (“(the) moor (of) Lleision”) name of a village by Gwauncaegurwen (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
Also a street in this place: Waunleision

 (Waunleision would be the local form, with gwaun (= meadow) regarded as a radical form; Gwaunleision is the standard form with the correct radical form gwaun)


ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Lleision < Lleisian ‘little voice’ (lleis-, = llais = voice) + (-an diminutive suffix). There are other examples in the south of the change in the final vowel a > o – the most well-known is wastod (= always) < yn wastad < gwastad (= flat)

:_______________________________.

lleithder LHEITH der› (masculine noun)
1
humidity, dampness

:_______________________________.

lleithydd lhei-thidh› masculine noun
PLURAL
lleithyddion lhei-thədh-yon›
1
moisturiser
rhaid glanhau’r croen a rhoi lleithydd arno ddwywaith y dydd
it is necessary to clean the skin and put moisturiser on it twice a day

ETYMOLOGY: (llaith = húmid) + (-ydd suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

llelo LHE-lo› masculine noun

1 fool

ETYMOLOGY: Diminutive form of Llewelyn / Llywelyn

Probably Llewelyn > (a diminutive ending –o replacing the final –yn) *Llewelo > (contraction of the first syllable, reduction from three to two syllables) Ll’welo > Ll’elo / Llelo


In the English dialect of Llanidloes:

TALALLO, a dolt or blockhead. A corruption of the Welsh Llelo. (Parochial Account of Llanidloes / Edward Hamer / Chapter X / Folk-lore. Page 308 Collections Historical and Archeological Relating to Montgomeryshire and its Borders / 1877)

:_______________________________.

llen, llenni LHEN, LHE ni› (feminine noun)
1
curtain
2
dan lenni’r nos under cover of night

:_______________________________.

llên LHEEN› (masculine noun)
1
literature

:_______________________________.

lleng, llengoedd LHENG, LHE ngodh› (feminine noun)
1
legion

:_______________________________.

llengfilwr lheng- vî lur› masculine noun
PLURAL
llengfilwyr lheng- vil -wir›
1
legionnaire, legionary

ETYMOLOGY: (lleng = legion ) + soft mutation + (milwr = soldier)

:_______________________________.

llengig lheng -gig› m
1 diaphragm

2 tor llengig hèrnia (“breaking (of) diaphragm”)

ETYMOLOGY: “tissue meat”; ll’é’n|gig < ll’éin|gig < lli|éin|gig
(lliein- < lliain = tissue ) + soft mutation + (cig = flesh, meat)
Breton lienenn-gig (same meaning)

NOTE: Caerfyrddin: llyn|gig (ng-g) Cwm Tawe: llengig (ng)

:_______________________________.

llenni LHE ni› (plural noun)
1
curtains; see llen

:_______________________________.

llennig lhe -nig› feminine noun
1
obsolete little church
In “Llyfr Llan-daf” (the book of Llan-daf, centuries 1100 and 1200) there is mention of “Hen Lenhic Lann Gvern in Ercicg” (= Hen Lennig Llan Wern yn Ergyng) the old church of Llan Wern in (the territory of) Ergyng

ETYMOLOGY: (llann- < llan = church) + (-ig diminutive suffix) There is vowel affection (a > e as a result of the i in the suffix)

:_______________________________.

llenor, llenorion LHE nor, lhe NOR yon› (masculine noun)
1
writer

:_______________________________.

lleol LHE ol› (adjective)
1
local

awdurdod lleol local authority (USA: locla government) the administration of a borough or county

:_______________________________.

lles LHEES› (masculine noun)
1
benefit, advantage

2
Pa les fydd hynny? What good will that do? What good will it do?

3
clinig lles plant child welfare clinic

4 gwneud mwy o drwg nag o les do more harm than good

:_______________________________.

llesiant lhes -yant› masculine noun
1
welfare
neuadd lesiant welfare hall, hall for community activities
cymdeithas lesiant friendly society (‘society (of) welfare’)

ETYMOLOGY: (lles = benefit) + (-iant = noun suffix)

:_______________________________.

llesol LHÊ sol› (adjective)
1
wholesome
bwyd llesol wholesome food

2
aflesol unwholesome
bwyd aflesol unwholesome food

:_______________________________.

llestr lhe-ster› masculine noun
PLURAL
llestri lhe-stri›
1
vessel = cup, dish, pot, etc, container especially for liquid

2
(sometimes a feminine noun) vessel = ship (probably because llong (= ship) is feminine)

3
llestr pridd earthernware pot; in the south-east llestar priddyn

4 llestri te tea things, cups and saucers for tea

5
llestri dishes (eating utensils - dishes, cup; also knives, forks, spoons)
golchi’r llestri do the washing up, wash the dishes; wash the plates and cutlery

6
county of Ceredigon llestr wy (llester wi) = egg cup

7
llestr godro (“vessel (of) milking”); llestr llaeth (“vessel (of) milk”) = milking pail, milking receptacle

8
medium = substance for carrying an active ingredient;
Oherwydd ei ddawn i dreiddio i’r cnawd o’r tu allan, defnyddid saim gwydd fel llestr i gynnwys meddyginiaethau eraill
because of its ability to penetrate into the flesh from the outside goose fat was used as a medium to carry other medicaments

9
llestr pysgod goldfish bowl

10
llestr mesur = measuring vessel (“vessel (of) measuring”)

11
llestr diferu = colandor (“vessel (of) dripping”)

12
llestr sebon soapdish (“vessel (of) soap”)

13
llestr toddi crucible (“vessel (of) melting”); crucible = vessel for melting substances which melt at a very high temperature and so need extreme heat

14
South-west Wales llestr gwenyn (llester gwenyn) = beehive

15
South-east Wales llestr cinio (llestar cino) = dinner dish (large meat plate, etc)

16
South-east Wales llestr menyn (llestar menyn) = butter dish, plate for holding butter at a meal table

17
county of Caerfyrddin chamber pot, pot placed under the bed for urinating in during the night

18
South-east Wales jam pot

19
llestr gwaed blood vessel (“vessel (of) blood”)

20
(= llestr llo) uterus (of cow) (“vessel (of) calf”); organ in pelvic cavity where fetus develops

21
South-east Wales llestri main porcelain (“thin vessels”)

22
utensil; llestri bwyta eating utensils
llestri cegin kitchen utensils, kitchenware

23
Bible vessel = human body as a recipient of some spiritual quality
llestr trugaredd vessel of mercy
Rhufeiniaid 9:23
Ac i beri gwybod golud ei oganiant ar lestri trugaredd, y rhai a ragbaratôdd efe i ogoniant
Romans 9:23
And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory

24
Bible y llestr gwannaf allusion to a woman, the weaker vessel (in Welsh, a superlative form rather than a comparative form “the weakest vessel”)

Pedr-1 3:7 Y gwyr, yr un ffunud, cydgyfanheddwch â hwynt yn ôl gwybodaeth, gan roddi parch i’r wraig megis i’r llestr gwannaf
Peter-1 3:7 Likewise ye husbands dwell with them according to knowledge, giving honour unto the wife, as unto the weaker vessel

25
Mwya’u trwst, llestri gweigion Empty vessels make most noise, people with the least reliable information or most foolish opinions like to express themselves vociferously (“biggest / greatest their noise, empty vessels”)

26
dyfrlestr watering can (dyfr-, penultimate form of dwfr = water) + soft mutation + (llestr = vessel)

27 priddlestr earthernware pot, piece of pottery
(pridd = earth ) + soft mutation + ( llestr = vessel )

28 llestri metel metalware

NOTE: In the North llestr
lhestr› .
In south-west Wales, llester
lhe-ster› . In south-east Wales llester > llestar

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *les-tro-
From the same British root: Cornish lester, Breton lestr.
Irish leastar
l’a-stər› (= vessel, cask) is from Welsh

:_______________________________.

llestr gweini lhe ster GWEI ni› (masculine noun)
1
serving dish

:_______________________________.

llestr inc lhe-ster ingk› masculine noun
1
inkwell = vessel for holding ink into which a pen nib is dipped

ETYMOLOGY: (llestr = vessel) + (inc = ink)

:_______________________________.

llestri LHE stri› (plural noun)
1
dishes; see llestr

:_______________________________.

lletchwith LHET khwith› (adjective)
1
awkward (South: lletwith - LHET with›) .

ETYMOLOGY: lletchwith < lléd-chwith (lled =
half, quite, somewhat) + (chwith = left-handed; awkward, clumsy)




From “lled chwith” = left-handed

:_______________________________.

llethr, llethrau LHE ther, LHE thre› (feminine noun)
1
slope

:_______________________________.

lletraws lhe -traus› masculine noun
PLURAL
lletrawsau lhe- trau -se›
1
diagonal, diagonal line
ar letraws diagonally, sloping, slanting

ETYMOLOGY: lletraws (noun, adjective) > llet-draws < (lled = half) + soft mutation + (traws = oblique, slanting)

:_______________________________.

lletwith LHET-with› adj
1 (South Wales) See lletchwith

:_______________________________.

Lleu lhei› masculine noun
1
Lugos (Latin: Lugus), the most prominent of the Celtic gods. His name is found all over the former Celtic area, but especially in what was once Gaul. With the conquest and occupation of Gaul by the Romans, the cult of Lugos was transferred to the Roman god Mercury.

2
found as an element in Welsh forenames
..1/ Clodleu c1300 (obsolete); clod (= fame)

..2/ Llywarch < *Lugu-varkos; the second element is (in modern Welsh) march (= horse). There is an obsolete form with the elements reversed: Marchlew

..3/ Llywelyn < *Lugu-belinos; the second element meaning “war”

..4/ Lliwelydd < *Luguvalion “strong like Lugus” (valos = strong). The Roman camp at the English town of Carlisle (on the border with Scotland) was Luguvalium, and the name in modern Welsh is Caerliwelydd “fort of Lliwelydd”

..5/ Lleuri (obsolete); rhi = king

..6/ Lleuddun (obsolete); with the suffix –ion, it is found in the territorial name Lleuddunion, a district in south-eastern Scotland. The name survives in Scottish (Gàidhlig) as Lodain and as English Lothian
lou-dhiən›

..7/ Lleubryd (obsolete); pryd (= appearance, shape)

2
found as an element in Welsh place names
..1/ Dinas Dinlle (= Dinlleu, fort of Lleu), by Llandwrog, south-west of Caernarfon
..2/ Dyffryn Nantlle “the valley called Nantlle”. This is from Nantlleu (“valley of Lleu”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
From the same British root: Cornish Lew

Two possible derivations have been suggested (1) “the bright one” - Indoeuropean *leuk- (= light), as in Greek leukos (= white); or (2) “the raven” - leug- = (blackish), which gave rise to Gaulish lougos (= raven).
NOTE: See Lugu-dunum

:_______________________________.

lleuad, lleuadau LHEI ad, lhei AA de› (feminine noun)
1
moon

Bu cryn ddadl rhwng y ddau am yr amser ar y lleuad wrth blannu tatws

There was a lot of debate between the two of them about the time of the moon during the planting of potatoes


2
noson olau leuad No son O la LEI ad› moonlit night

3
Rhys Llwyd y Lleuad the man in the moon ("Rhys Llwyd (of) the moon")
Also: Hen Ŵr y Lleuad (“(the) old man (of) the moon”)

:_______________________________.

lleuad fedi lheiad VE di› (feminine noun)
1
harvest moon

ETYMOLOGY: (lleuad = moon) + soft mutation + (medi = reaping)

:_______________________________.

lleuad gwy^r Iâl lhei ad gwiir YAAL› (feminine noun)
1
harvest moon (in North-east Wales)

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) moon (of) (the) people (of) (the commote of) Iâl”

(lleuad = moon) + (gwy^r Iâl = the people of Iâl)

(gwyr = men; inhabitants of a named place, people of a named place < gw^r = man)

:_______________________________.

lleuadol lhei- â -dol› adj
1 lunar
mis lleuadol lunar month

ETYMOLOGY: (lleuad = moon) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)


:_______________________________.

lleuad y naw nos olau
lhei ad ə NAU noos O le› (feminine noun)
1
harvest moon (in North-east Wales) ‘the moon of nine light nights’ because it rises at the same time every night

:_______________________________.

lleuad yr heliwr lhei ad ər HEL yur› (feminine noun)
1
harvest moon (“the moon of the hunter”)

:_______________________________.

Lleucu LHEI ki› (feminine noun)
1
woman’s name

:_______________________________.

lleuer lhei -er› masculine noun
1 = light, illumination ; see lleufer

:_______________________________.

lleufer
lhei -ver› masculine noun
PLURAL
lleuferau lhei-vê -re›
1
(obsolete) light, radiance

2
Lleufer name of the magazine (founded 1944) of Cymdeithas Addysg y Gweithwyr (Workers’ Educational Organisation)

ETYMOLOGY: (lleu = light) + probably the element *ber < *bher (= to carry), if not *ber < *bher (= to flow)

:_______________________________.

llew, llewod LHEU, LHEU od› (masculine noun)
1
lion

2
dal fel llew yn rhywbeth hang onto something like grim death (“hold-on like a-lion in something”)

3
said of somebody roaring: rhuo fel llew roaring like a lion

4
said of a man with a strong singing voice
Mae ganddo lais fel llew He has a powerful voice (“he’s got a voice like a lion”)

:_______________________________.

Llew LHEU› (masculine noun)
1
diminutive of Llewelyn / Llywelyn

:_______________________________.

Llewela lhe WE la› (feminine noun)
1
feminine form of Llywelyn (Llywel- + -a)

:_______________________________.

Llewelyn lhe WE lin› (masculine noun)
1
man’s name, variant of Llywelyn (llyw = leader, and apparently Belyn = god of war).

:_______________________________.

llewes, llewesau LHEU es, lheu E se› (feminine noun)
1
lioness

:_______________________________.

llewyg lheu ig› masculine noun
PLURAL
llewygon lheu- ə -gon›
1
faint, swoon
cael llewyg bach faint (“have a small faint”)
mewn llewyg in a faint

2
llewyg y ci Apocynum, plant said to be poisonous to dogs (“faint (of) the dog”)

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

llewygu lhe- wə -gi› verb
1
(verb sense objecte) faint, swoon

Yr oeddwn i bron â llewygu o eisiau bwyd (ôn i bron llewycu isha bwyd)
I was almost fainting from hunger

Bu bron i mi lewygu I nearly fainted, my heart stood still

2
be famished, be starving

ETYMOLOGY: (llewyg = faint) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: Colloquial form: llwgu. Also in the south-east llewycu

:_______________________________.

llewys LHEU is› (plural noun)
1
sleeves; see llawes

:_______________________________.

lleyg LHEIG› (adjective)
1
lay, secular

:_______________________________.

LlGG

1
Abbreviation for Llyfr Gweddi Gyffredin (Book of Common Prayer)

:_______________________________.

lli lhii› feminine noun
1
y lli the sea

2
Y Coleg ger y Lli nickname for the university in Aberystwyth (“the college by the sea”); the university in Bangor is Y Coleg ar y Bryn (“the college on the hill”)

3
Glan-lli - street name in Pen-clawdd (county of Abertawe)
glan y lli (“(the) shore (of) the sea”, sea shore)

ETYMOLOGY: colloquial form of llif (= flow, flood, flow of the tide, sea). The loss of a final [v] in monosyllables is generally a feauture of the Welsh spoken in the north of the country.

:_______________________________.

Llia lhi -a› feminine noun
1
SN9216 Afon Llia = river in Brycheiniog (Powys)

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

lliain LHII-ain, -en› [ˡɬiˑaɪn, -ɛn] masculine noun
PLURAL
llieiniau lhi-EIN-yai, -e› [ɬɪˡəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ]
1
(cloth) linen

2
cloth

3
veil
Yn y wlad honno gwelir ymhobman y lliain du ar wyneb y merched
In that country you see everywhere the black veil over the faces of the women

4
South-east Wales llian bord LHII-an BORD› [ˡɬiˑan ˡbɔrd] (= lliain bord) tablecloth

5
adjective made of linen;
ffrog liain linen skirt

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin lînum (= flax)
From the same British root: Cornish lien (= linen cloth), Breton lien (= linen cloth)
cf Irish léine (= shirt) < Latin

NOTE: informal spelling: lliain > llien
North Wales lliain > llien > llian
Alternative plural forms:

lleinau
LHEI-nai, -e› [ˡɬəɪnaɪ, -ɛ]

llienni lhi-E-ni› [ɬɪˡɛnɪ]

llieinau lhi-EIN-ai, -e› [ɬɪˡəɪnaɪ, -ɛ]

In South Wales lline, llina are colloquial forms of lleiniau

:_______________________________.

lliain allor lhi-ian, -en, A-lhor› [ɬɪaɪn, -ɛn, ˡaɬɔr] masculine noun
PLURAL
llieiniau allor lhi-EIN-yai, -ye, A-lhor› [ɬɪˡəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡaɬɔr]

1
altar cloth = a cloth covering the altar; cf blaenlen frontal (= decorative cloth hanging in front of the altar)

ETYMOLOGY: “cloth (of) altar” (lliain = cloth) + (allor = altar)

:_______________________________.

lliain bord LHI-ain, -en, BORD› [ɬɪaɪn, -ɛn, ˡbɔrd] masculine noun
PLURAL
llieiniau bordydd lhi-EIN-yai, -ye, BOR-didh› [ɬɪˡəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡbɔrdɪð]
South Wales

1
tablecloth

ETYMOLOGY: “cloth (of) table” (lliain = cloth) + (bord = table)

NOTE: colloquial form, South Wales: lleiniau bordydd > lline bordydd, llina bordydd

:_______________________________.

lliain bwrdd LHII-ain, -en, BURDH› [ɬɪaɪn, -ɛn, ˡbʊrð] masculine noun
PLURAL
llieiniau byrddau lhi-EIN-yai, -ye, BƏR-dhai, -e› [ɬɪˡəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡbərðaɪ, -ɛ]
1
tablecloth

ETYMOLOGY: “cloth (of) table” (lliain = cloth) + (bwrdd = table)

:_______________________________.

lliain caws LHII-ain, -en, KAUS› [ɬɪaɪn, -ɛn, ˡkaʊs] masculine noun
1
cheesecloth

ETYMOLOGY: “cloth (of) cheese” (lliain = cloth) + (caws = cheese)

:_______________________________.

lliain ceffyl LHII-ain, -en, KEE-fil› [ɬɪaɪn, -ɛn, ˡkeˑfɪl] masculine noun
PLURAL
llieiniau ceffyl lhi-EIN-yai, -ye, KEE-fil› [ɬɪˡəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡkeˑfɪl]
1
saddle-cloth

ETYMOLOGY: “cloth (of) horse” (lliain = cloth) + (ceffyl = horse)

:_______________________________.

lliain cyfrwy LHII-ain, -en, KƏV-rui› [ɬɪaɪn, -ɛn, ˡkəvrʊɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL
llieiniau cyfrwy lhi-EIN-yai, -ye, KƏV-rui› [ɬɪˡəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡkəvrʊɪ]
1
saddle-cloth

ETYMOLOGY: “cloth (of) saddle” (lliain = cloth) + (cyfrwy = saddle)

:_______________________________.

lliain llaeth (“llien llaath”) LHII-ain, -en, LHAITH› [ɬɪaɪn, -ɛn, ˡɬaɪθ, ˡɬɑːθ] masculine noun
South-east Wales

1
cloth for straining milk

ETYMOLOGY: “cloth (of) milk” (lliain = cloth) + (llaeth = milk)

:_______________________________.

lliain sychu LHII-ain, -en, SƏ-khi› [ɬɪaɪn, -ɛn, ˡsəxɪ] (feminine noun)
1
tea towel, cloth for drying dishes

:_______________________________.

llid LHIID› [ɬiːd] (masculine noun)

PLURAL llidiau
LHID-yai, -ye› [ˡɬɪdjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 fury
ffoi rhag y llid a ddaw flee the wrath that is to come

2 inflammation

:_______________________________.

llidiart, llidiardau LHID-yart, llid-YAR-dai, -e› [ˡɬɪdjart, llɪdˡjardaɪ, -ɛ] masculine noun
1 gate

2 eistedd ar ben llidiart sit on the fence, not commit oneself to one side or another in a dispute (“sit on top of a gate”)

:_______________________________.

Llidiardau lhid-YAR-dai, -e› [ɬɪdˡjardaɪ, -ɛ]
1
(SH1929) locality in the district of Dwyfor (county of Gwynedd, North-west Wales)
(The local form would be Llidiarda since in this area a final -au is
A› [a]

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/210262 ysgol ger y Llidiardau

2 (SH8738) locality the district of Meirionnydd county of Gwynedd, North-west Wales), 6km west of Y Bala
(The local form would be Llidiarde since in this area a final -au is
e› [ɛ], as in most of the country)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/572398 Llidiardau

3 farm by Llanilar, Ceredigion

(The local form would be Llidiarde since in this area a final -au is
e› [ɛ], as in most of the country) as in most of the country)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN6374

7423_seren_seran_fersiwn_fer_090304
(delwedd 7423)

7426_map_llwyd_cymru_LLIW_llidiardau_090304

(delwedd 7426)

ETYMOLOGY: y llidiardau = “the gates” (plural of llidiart = gate)

:_______________________________.

Llidwm LHII-dum› [ˡɬiˑdʊm]
1
locality in England – Lydham (SO3391), in the county of Shropshire, 3km north-east of Bishops Castle in England and 8km south-east of Yr Ystôg in Wales

7088_CYMRU_OREN_llidwm_081120
(delwedd 7088)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/220029

ETYMOLOGY: a Cymricisation of the English name

:_______________________________.

llieiniau lhi-EIN-yai, -e› [ɬɪˡəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ] (plural noun)
1
cloths; see llain

:_______________________________.

1 llif, llifiau LHIIV, LHIV-yai, -ye› [ˡɬiːv, ɬɪˡvjaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
saw

2
blawd llif blaud LHIIV› [blaʊd ˡɬiːv] sawdust (‘flour (of the) saw”)

:_______________________________.

2 llif, llifogydd LHIIV, lhi-VOO-gidh› [ˡɬiːv, ɬɪˡvoˑgɪð] (masculine noun)
1
flow
llif yr ymwybod stream of consciousness

2
flood

3
(North) llif Awst August spate, full river in August (“August flow”)

4
as a second element in compound words
..1/ gwaedlif haemorrhage (gwaed = blood ) + soft mutation + ( llif = flow)

..2/ rhewlif glacier (rhew = ice) + soft mutation + (llif = flow)

..3/ mislif menstruation (mis = month) + soft mutation + (llif = flow)
Mae'r mislif arni She's having her period (“the period is on her, the menstruation is on her”).

:_______________________________.

llifeiriant lhi-VEIR-yant› [ɬɪˡvəɪrjant]
PLURAL
llifeiriannau lhi-veir-YA-nai, -e› [ɬɪvəɪrˡjanaɪ, -ɛ]
1
flow, flood, spate

atal y llyfeiriant to staunch the flow

llifeiriant diderfyn o eiriau an endless flow of words

Ond yn ddisymwth, ryw ddydd ym mis Awst, ‘torrodd cwmwl' ar y mynydd, ac ymchwyddodd pob nant yn llifeiriant ysgubol mewn ychydig amser
(Y Pentre Gwyn, gan Anthropos (Robert David Rowland 1853?-1944))
But suddenly, on day in the month of August, a cloud burst on the mountain, and every stream swelled in a short time into a gushing (‘sweeping’) flow

ETYMOLOGY: (llif = flow) + (*ber = carry, bear) + (suffix -iant)
e > ei due to the influence of the semi-vowel i- at the head of the final syllable
:_______________________________.

llifeirio lhiv-VEIR-yo› [ɬɪvˡvəɪrjɔ] verb
1
flow, stream

Y mae dwy afon fawr fordwyol yn llifeirio trwy y diriogaeth hon
Two great navigable rivers flow throught this territory
California / Y Traethodydd (Gorffennaf 1851) / Tudalennau 346

“Y mae yn wir yn yr Iaith Gymraeg amryw eiriau o’r un ystyr a’r Saesoneg; ac yn ddiweddar y mae chwaneg beunydd yn llifeirio iddi oddiwrth y Saesoneg” Drych y Prif Oesoedd Theophilus Evans, Year 1716
It is true that in the Welsh language various words with the same meaning as in English, and lately more are flowing into it every day from English


2 gwlad sy’n llifeirio o laeth â mêl a land flowing with milk and honey , a place of abundance and contentment

Exodus
3:8 A mi a ddisgynnais i'w gwaredu hwy o law yr Eifftiaid, ac i'w dwyn o'r wlad honno i wlad dda a helaeth, i wlad yn llifeirio o laeth a mêl; i le y Canaaneaid, a'r Hethiaid, a'r Amoriaid, a'r Pheresiaid, yr Hefiaid hefyd, a'r Jebusiaid.
Exodus 3:8 And I am come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that land unto a good land and a large, unto a land flowing with milk and honey; unto the place of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites.

Exodus
33:2 A mi a anfonaf angel o'th flaen di, ac a yrraf allan y Canaanead, yr Amoriad, a'r Hethiad, y Pheresiad, yr Hefiad, a'r Jebusiad: (33:3) I wlad yn llifeirio o laeth â mel: oherwydd nid af fi i fyny yn dy blith; oblegid pobl wargaled wyt: rhag i mi dy ddifa ar y ffordd.
Èxode
33:2 And I will send an angel before thee; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite: (33:3) Unto a land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up in the midst of thee; for thou art a stiffnecked people: lest I consume thee in the way.

3
flow, pour = come in great or regular quantities

ETYMOLOGY: (llifeir- from the noun llefeiriant = flux) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

llifiedig lhiv-i-EE-dig› [ɬɪvɪˡeˑdɪg] adjective
1 sawn; sawn-off
dryll llifiedig sawn-off shotgun
blociau llifedig o galchfaen sawn-off blocks of limestone

ETYMOLOGY: (llif-, stem of the verb llifio < lliwio = to saw) (-i-edig suffix for forming a past participle adjective)

:_______________________________.

llifion LHIV-yon› [ˡɬɪvjɔn] plural noun
1
filings; see llifyn LHII-vin› [ˡɬiˑvɪn]
llifion haearn iron filings

Y mae Duw yn gosod mwy o werth ar ei wirionedd; y mae mân-ddrylliau a llifion y gwirionedd yn werthfawr God raiseth the price of his truth the more; the very shreds and filings of truth are venerable.
Y Gelfyddyd o Dduwiol foddlonrwydd / Thomas Watson / 1831 translation / page 74
A translation into Welsh of The Art of Divine Contentment (1653), Thomas Watson (born circa 1620, died 1686)

:_______________________________.

llifwr LHII-vur› [ˡɬiˑvʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL
llifwyr LHIV-wir› [ˡɬɪvwɪr]
1
dyer

ETYMOLOGY: (llif-, stem of the verb llifio < lliwio = to dye) + (-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

llifogydd lhi-VOO-gidh› [ɬɪˡvoˑgɪð]
1
plural of llif = flood

:_______________________________.

Llifon LHII-von› [ˡɬiˑvɔn] (masculine noun)
1
man’s name

:_______________________________.

llifwaddod ñ lhiv-WAA-dhod› [ɬɪvˡwɑˑðɔd] masculine noun
PLURAL
llifwaddodion lhiv-wa-DHOD-yon› [ɬɪvwaˡðɔdjɔn]
1
alluvium, alluvial deposit
gwastatir llifwaddod alluvial plain

ETYMOLOGY: (llif = flow) + soft mutation + (gwaddod = sediment)

:_______________________________.

llifyn 1 LHII-vin› [ˡɬiˑvɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL
llifion LHIV-yon› [ˡɬɪvjɔn]
1
dye

ETYMOLOGY: (llif-, stem of the verb llifio < lliwio = to dye) + (-yn, singulative suffix, -ion plural suffix)

:_______________________________.

llifyn 2 LHII-vin› [ˡɬiˑvɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL
llifion LHIV-yon› [ˡɬɪvjɔn] 1 filing;
llifion haearn iron filings

ETYMOLOGY: llif-, stem of the verb llifio (= to saw) + (-yn, singulative suffix, -ion plural suffix)

:_______________________________.

..1 llin LHIIN› [ɬiːn] (masculine noun)
1
flax
2
geulin y Forwyn (Thesium humifusum) bastard toadflax (“false flax of the Virgin”)

:_______________________________.

..2 llin, lliniau LHIIN, LHIN-yai, -e› [ˡɬiːn, ˡɬɪnjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
line

2
as a second element in compound words
..1/ nawnlin meridian
(nawn = midday, afternoon, three in the afternoon) + soft mutation + (llin = line)

:_______________________________.

llindir LHIN-dir› [ˡɬɪndɪr] masculine noun
1
“Llindir Street”, name of a street in Henllan (county of Dinbych) (this would be Ffordd y Llindir in Welsh)

ETYMOLOGY: Is this “flax land”? (No history of the name to hand at present). The current form suggests (llin = flax) + soft mutation + (tir = land)

:_______________________________.

llinell, llinellau LHI-nelh, lhi-NE-lhai, -e› [ˡɬɪnɛɬ, ɬɪˡnɛɬaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
line

2
llinell derfyn (f), llinellau terfyn (race) finishing line; demarcation line

:_______________________________.

llinell biced, llinellau piced lhi-nelh BI-ked, lhi-ne-lhai, -e, PI-ked› [ɬɪnɛɬ ˡbɪkɛd, ɬɪnɛɬaɪ, -ɛ ˡpɪkɛd] (feminine noun)
1
picket line

:_______________________________.

llinellu lhi-NE-lhi› [ɬɪˡnɛɬɪ] verb
1
line = draw lines on

:_______________________________.

llinfap LHIN-vap› [ˡɬɪnvap] masculine noun
PLURAL
llinfapiau lhin-VAP-yai, -e› [ɬɪnˡvapjaɪ, -ɛ]

1
sketch map

ETYMOLOGY: (llin = line ) + soft mutation + ( map = map)

:_______________________________.

lliniarol ‹lhi-ni-A-rol [ɬɪnɪˡarɔl] adjective
 
1 palliative

gofal lliniarol palliative care

ETYMOLOGY: (lliniar- stem of the verb lliniaru = ease, alleviate) + (-ol = adjectival suffix)

:_______________________________.

llinlun LHIN-lin› [ˡɬɪnlɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL
llinluniau lhin-LIN-yai, -e› [ɬɪnˡlɪnjaɪ, -ɛ]
1
line drawing

ETYMOLOGY: (llin = line) + soft mutation + (llun = drawing)

:_______________________________.

..1 llinos, llinosod LHII-nos, lhi-NO-sod› [ˡɬiˑnɔs, ɬɪˡnɔsɔd] (feminine noun)
1
(Phylloscopus trochiloides) linnet

:_______________________________.

..2 Llinos LHII-nos› [ˡɬiˑnɔs] (feminine noun)
1
girl’s name (‘linnet’)

:_______________________________.

llinos benfelen LHII-nos ben-VEE-len› [ˡɬiˑnɔs bɛnˡveˑlɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL
llinosod penfelynion lhi-NO-sod pen-ve-LƏN-yon› [ɬɪˡnɔsɔd pɛnvɛˡlənjɔn]
1
Emberiza citrinella = yellowhammer; alternative name for bras melyn

ETYMOLOGY: (llinos = linnet, ‘flax bird’) + soft mutation + (penfelen, feminine form of penfelyn = yellow-headed)

:_______________________________.

llinos werdd, llinosod gwyrddion / gwyrdd lhi-nos WERDH, lhi-no-sod GWƏRDH-yon, GWIRDH› [ɬɪnɔs ˡwɛrð, ɬɪnɔsɔd ˡgwərðjɔnˡgwɪrð] (feminine noun)
1
(Phylloscopus trochiloides) greenfinch

:_______________________________.

llinyn, llinynnau LHI-nin, lhi NƏ ne› (masculine noun)
1
cord, string, twine
llinyn bysgota fishing line

2 string for tying: apron string, etc
llinyn ffedog apron string
bod ynghlwm wrth linyn ffedog ei fam be tied to his mother’s apron strings

3 drawstring
llinyn trôns drawstring for underpants, underpant drawstring

4 llinyn bwa bow string (of violin bow)

5 y llinyn arian the silver cord of life, which is broken by death; the bone marrow of the spinal cord; the spinal cord

Pregethwyr (12:5) Ie, yr amser yr ofnant yr hyn sydd uchel, ac yr arswydant yn y ffordd, ac y blodeua y pren almon, ac y bydd y ceiliog rhedyn yn faich, ac y palla chwant: pan elo dyn i dŷ ei hir gartref, a'r galarwyr yn myned o bob tu yn yr heol: (12:6) Cyn torri
y llinyn arian, a chyn torri y cawg aur, a chyn torri y piser gerllaw y ffynnon, neu dorri yr olwyn wrth y pydew.
Ecclesiastes (12:5) Also when they shall be afraid of that which is high, and fears shall be in the way, and the almond tree shall flourish, and the grasshopper shall be a burden, and desire shall fail: because man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go about the streets: (12:6) or ever the silver cord be loosed, or the golden bowl be broken, or the pitcher be broken at the fountain, or the wheel broken at the cistern.

6 llinyn mesur measuring line, measuring rod, measuring tape, measuring rule

(Job
38:5) Pwy a osododd ei mesurau hi, os gwyddost? neu pwy a estynnodd linyn arni hi? (Job 38:5) Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest? or who hath stretched the line upon it?

(Jeremeia 31:38) Wele y dyddiau yn dyfod, medd yr ARGLWYDD, yr adeiledir y ddinas i'r ARGLWYDD, o dŵr Hananeel hyd borth y gongl. (31:39) A'r
llinyn mesur a â allan eto ar ei gyfer ef, ar fryn Gareb, ac a amgylcha hyd Goath.
(Jeremiah 31:38)
Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that the city shall be built to the LORD from the tower of Hananeel unto the gate of the corner. (31:39) And the measuring line shall yet go forth over against it upon the hill Gareb, and shall compass about to Goath.

:_______________________________.

Llio lhi -o› feminine noun
1
woman's name

ETYMOLOGY: diminutive form of Gwenllian - (the syllable lli) + (-o diminutive suffix added to nouns)

:_______________________________.

llio lhi -o› verb
1
(South Wales) = to lick
llio esgidiau rhywun lick someone’s boots
Normally spelt llyo

ETYMOLOGY: variant of llyfu (= to lick)

:_______________________________.

llipa LHI pa› (adjective)
1
limp

2
clustlipa floppy-eared; miserable, unhappy, crestfallen, down in the dumps, dejected, downhearted, defeated, beaten, cowed
(clust = ear) + soft mutation + (llipa = weak, drooping)

3 llipa eich golwg looking downcast, looking dejected

Fe ddaeth e adref yn ddigon llipa ei olwg He came home looking quite dejected

:_______________________________.

llith, llithiau / llithoedd ‹LHIITH, LHITH-ye, -yai / LHI thodh› (feminine noun)
1
letter (formal, jocular);
2
formerly also: reading from the Bible. See croglith

:_______________________________.

llithrig LHITH rig› adjective
1
slippery
2
mor llithrig â thalcen iâr as slippery as an eel “as slippery as the forehead of a hen”

:_______________________________.

llithro ‹LHITH ro› (verb)
1
slip
2
llithro at (rywun) yn ddiarwybod iddo sneak up on somenbody (“slink to (somebody) without him knowing”)

:_______________________________.

lliw, lliwiau ‹LHIU, LHIU-ye, -yai› (masculine noun)
1
colour

2
liw dydd in broad daylight (“colour (of) day”)
liw nos by night (“colour (of) night”)
y bugeiliaid yn gwylio eu praidd liw nos the shpherds watching their flock by night
(there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adverbial phrase)


3 lliw didraidd opaque colour

4
a/ castanlliw (adjective) (horse) light bay
(castan = chestnut) + soft mutation + (lliw = color / colour) > castán-liw > castanlliw (loss of soft mutation n-l > n-ll)
b/ lliw castan (noun or adjective) chestnut = of the colour of a chestnut


5 lliw oren orange, orange colour

6 melynlliw yellow, yellow in colour
cochliw red-coloured

gwaedliw blood-red

deuliw having two colours

amryliw multicoloured

o bob lliw multicoloured (informal)

bob lliw multicoloured (informal)

o bob lliwiau multicoloured (informal)

bob lliwiau multicoloured (informal)

gwyrddliw green-coloured

llwydliw grey-coloured

gwynlliw white-coloured; (noun) whiteness

glasliw blue-coloured

 


7 good condition, success
Mae lliw ar bethau Things are looking good

:_______________________________.

Lliw ‹lhiu› feminine noun
1 (SS5999) Afon Lliw river in the county of Abertawe, flowing into the estuary of the Llwchwr river

Dyffryn Lliw the valley of this river; a division of the short-lived county of Gorllewin Morgannwg 1974-1996

Bryn-lliw locality in the county of Abertawe
“(the) hill (overlooking the river) Lliw” (bryn = hill) + (Lliw)
1961: population: 4.063; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 53%
1971: population: 3.810; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 41%

Pont-lliw locality in the county of Abertawe
“(the) bridge (on the river) Lliw” (pont = bridge) + (Lliw)

2 (SH8331) Afon Lliw river in the district of Meirionnydd (county of Gwynedd)

ETYMOLOGY: lliw = color / colour

:_______________________________.

lliwddall ‹lhiu dhalh› adjective
1
colour-blind

ETYMOLOGY: calque on English colour-blind;
(lliw = colour) + soft mutation + (dall = blind)

:_______________________________.

lliw dydd ‹lliu diidh› masculine noun
1
daylight


liw dydd by day, in daylight; there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adverbial phrase, in this case ll > l;

breuddwydio liw dydd daydreaming

ETYMOLOGY: (lliw = light) + (dydd = day)

:_______________________________.

lliwgar ‹lhiu -gar› adjective
1
colourful = having many different colours, esp. contrasting colours

gwisgo gwisg hir liwgar
wear a long colourful dress

2
vivid, rich
Mae hi’n siarad Cymraeg rhywiog a lliwgar ei mam-gu
She speaks the excellent and vivid Welsh of her grandmother


3
colourful = scandalous
Roedd chwaer mam yn dipyn o ddafad ddu, â gorffennol reit liwgar
My mother’s sister was a bit of a black sheep, with quite a colourful past

4
healthy = having a healthy colour
Mae golwg lliwgar ar y fuwch oddiar imi ei rhoi yn y cae arall
The cow looks healthy since I put it in the other field

ETYMOLOGY: (lliw = color) + (-gar, suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

lliwiad ‹lhiu -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL
lliwiadau ‹lhiu- yâ -de›
1
(substance) colo(u)ring, dye
lliwiad gwneud artifical colo(u)ring

2
(process) dyeing, colouring

ETYMOLOGY: ( lliw- , root of lliwio = to comb) + ( -i-ad noun-forming suffix)
NOTE: also (in the south) lliwad . In south Wales the suffix -iad is regularly -ad


:_______________________________.

llo, lloi ‹LHOO, LHOI› (masculine noun)
1
calf

Cae’r Lloi field name (“(the) field (of) the calves”) (also Cae Lloi – the linking definite article often lost in place names)

llestr llo uterus (of cow) (“vessel (of) calf”); organ in pelvic cavity where fetus develops
morlo seal (“sea calf”) (môr = sea) + soft mutation LL > L) + (llo = calf)

:_______________________________.

llobyn ‹lhô-bin›
1
numskull, blockhead, dunce See: lòb

Er yn dlawd, trefnodd i anfon ei ddau fachgen i ysgol geiniog yr wythnos oedd yn yr ardal. Elai Jabes, yr hynaf, ymlaen yn llwyddianus gyda'i wersi. Ond nid oedd Samuel ond llobyn, nodedig am wneyd direidi ac absenoli ei hun heb ganiatad ei athraw.
(Hunan-Gymorth / Samuel Smiles / Cyfiethieidig gan J. Gwrhyd Lewis, Tonyrefail. 1898) t.55
Though poor, he (his father) arranged to send his two sons to a penny-a-week school which was in the neighbourhood. Jabez, the elder, made good progress in his classes, and made great progress in his lessons. But Samuel was nothing but a dunce, noted for causing mischief and playing truant.

ETYMOLOGY: (llòb, variant of lòb = blockhead) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns)

:_______________________________.

lloches PLURAL llochesau ‹LHÔ khes, lho KHE se› (feminine noun)
1
shelter
lloches rhag y dymhestl shelter from the storm


2 ffoi o’ch lloches break cover (“flee from your shelter”)

:_______________________________.

Lloegr “Lloeger” ‹LHOIGR, LHOI-ger› [ˡɬɔɪgr,ˡɬɔɪgɛr] (feminine noun)
1
England

2
USED AS AN ATTRIBUTE
When it is used with the meaning “characteristic of England / according to English practice / of the type found in England” rather than “belonging to England” the soft-mutated form Loegr is found after singular feminine nouns

...1/ Eglwys Loegr the Church of England (i.e. organised according to the practice in England”)

..2/ cyfraith Loegr (and also cyfraith Lloegr) English law

3
USED AS AN ATTRIBUTE
of England, belonging to England (with this meaning, there is no soft mutation Lloegr > Loegr)

..1/ Canolbarth Lloegr (= Central England)

..2/ llywodraeth Lloegr “(the) government (of) England”, the English government (llywodraeth is a feminine noun)

..3/ Senedd Lloegr “(the) parliament (of) England”, the English parliament (senedd is a feminine noun)

4
Lloegrwys (literary language) the people of England, the English

:_______________________________.

Lloegr Fach ‹lhoigr VAAKH, LHOI-ger VAAKH› [ˡɬɔɪgr ˡvɑːx, ˡɬɔɪgɛr ˡvɑːx] (feminine noun)
1
Little England - name of certain farms in Wales

:_______________________________.

Lloegriad LHOIGR-yad› [ˡɬɔɪgrjad] masculine noun
PLURAL
Lloegriaid LHOIGR-yaid, -yed› [ˡɬɔɪgrjaɪd, -ɛd]
1
Englishman

Lloegriad Newydd New Englander, inhabitant of New England in the USA

ETYMOLOGY: (Lloegr = Anglaterra) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix, indicating an inhabitant of a place)

:_______________________________.

Lloegrwys LHOI-gruis› [ˡɬɔɪgrʊɪs] pl
1
(literary language) the people of England, the English

ETYMOLOGY: (Lloegrwys = inhabitants of Lloegr or England) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns to make a singular form out of a collective noun or plural noun)

 
(Lloegr = England ) + (-wys suffix to indicate the inhabitants of a district, from the Latin suffix -ênses)

:_______________________________.

lloer LHOIR› [ɬɔɪr] feminine noun
PLURAL:
lloerau LHOI-rai, -e› [ˡɬɔɪraɪ, -ɛ]
1
moon

2
newyddloer new moon; time of the new moon; a festival celebrated by the Hebrews coinciding with the new moon
(newydd-
ə› [ə] < newydd i› [ɪ] = new) + soft mutation + (lloer = moon)

Colosiaid 2:16
Am hynny na farned neb arnoch chwi am fwyd, neu am ddiod, neu o ran dydd gwyl, neu newyddloer, neu Sabothau:
Colossians 2:16 Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the new moon, or of the sabbath days:

ETYMOLOGY: Cornish loer (= moon), Breton loar (= moon). Possiby from the British element lug (= light) + suffix -râ, from Indo-European leuk-, leug- (= light)

NOTE: In southern Ceredigion llŵer
LHUU-er› [ˡɬuˑɛr] and llwêr lhweer› [ɬweːr]

:_______________________________.

lloeren LHOI-ren› [ˡɬɔɪrɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL
lloerennau lhoi-RE-nai, -e› [ɬɔɪˡrɛnaɪ, -ɛ]
1
satellite = natural body moving in orbit around a planet, such as the Moon around the earth; a moon

2
satellite = artificial body;
dysgl loeren
‹di-skil loi-ren› satellite dish

3
small patch of land;
Also lloeren o dir small patch of land

4
‘Malwen’ ydyw lloeren dewach na’r gweddill o lafn y bladur
A ‘malwen’ (= snail) is a round blemish thicker than the rest of the scythe blade

5
(medieval poetry) fair maid

ETYMOLOGY:(lloer = moon) + (-en, diminutive suffix added to a feminine noun)

:_______________________________.

lloergan ‹lhoir -gan› masculine noun
1
moonlight

2
(adjective) moonlit
ar nosweithiau lloergan on moonlit nights

3
(adjective) diloergan moonless, without moonlight, dark
yn y nos ddiloergan on a moonless night

ETYMOLOGY: (lloer = moon ) + soft mutation + ( can = brilliance, shine); Breton has loargann (= moonlight)

:_______________________________.

lloffa ‹lhoo-fa› masculine noun
1 to glean, to gather grain which has fallen to the ground after reapers have cut the corn

ETYMOLOGY: lloffa < *llawffa < *llawf-ha
(llawf, old form of llaw = hand) + (-ha, suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

llofft, llofftydd ‹LHOFT, LHOF tidh› (feminine noun)

1
upper floor, upstairs part of a house

 

2 upstairs bedroom



3
ar y llofft ‹ar ə LHOFT› (adverb) (South Wales) upstairs

ar lofft (adverb) ( (South Wales) upstairs
lan lofft (adverb) ( (South Wales) upstairs

 

4 llofft olau clerestory (a wall with windows higher than surrounding roofs to admit light to an interior space)

 

5 llofft yr ystabl (colloquially lloft y stabal > lloft stabal) stable loft, loft above a stable, where farmhands were accommodated

caneuon lloft stabal popular songs that were sung by farmhands in the stable loft

 

5 llofft allan loft above an outhouse, where farmhands were accommodated

 

6 llofft storws hayloft (literally: storehouse loft)

 

7 Llofft yr Hôl (Caernarfon) former local name for the covered market (1823) which was on two floors. Flanked on one side by the street called “Twll yn y Wal” or “Hole in the Wall” in English (hence “hôl” < hole according to some, but probably English “hall” referring to the English name Market Hall, or else to the hall called Plas-mawr on the site of which the market was built)

 

ETYMOLOGY: English LOFT

:_______________________________.

llofnod, llofnodau ‹LHOV nod, lhov NOO de› (masculine noun)
1
signature

llofnod ffug false signature

:_______________________________.

llofnodi ‹lhov NOO di› (verb)
1
to sign

llofnodi contract sign a contract

:_______________________________.

llofrudd, llofruddiaid ‹LHOV ridh, lhov RIDH yed› (masculine noun)
1
murderer
llofrudd torfol mass murderer
llofrudd erchyll a horrific murderer

 

:_______________________________.

llofruddiad, llofruddiadau ‹lhov RIDH yad, lhov ridh YAA dai, de› (masculine noun)
1
murder

llofruddiad dychrynllyd a terrible murder

:_______________________________.

llofruddio ‹lhov RIDH yo› (verb)
1
to murder

Cafodd ugeiniau o'i thrigolion diniwed wedi eu llofruddio Scores of its innocent inhabitants were murdered

:_______________________________.

llofruddiog ‹lhov- ridh -yog› adjective
1
murderous = intent on murder; murdering = who commit murders; bloodthirsty
mileiniaid llofruddiog murdering thugs

ETYMOLOGY: (llofrudd-, stem of llofruddio = to murder) + (-iog suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

llog, llogau ‹LHOOG, LHOO ge› (masculine noun)
1
interest (on a loan)

:_______________________________.

llogell, llogellau / llogelli ‹LHO gelh, lho GE lhe / lho GE lhi› (feminine noun)
1
pocket

:_______________________________.

llogi ‹LHOO gi› (verb)
1
to hire

:_______________________________.

llon ‹lhon› adjective
1
cheerful, happy, merry,
llon a dedwydd happy and cheerful
dawnsio’n llon to dance merrily
yr haul yn tywynnu’n llon the sun shining merrily

2
sometimes in house or street names (usually with a word denoting a dwelling – annedd (= dwelling, house, home), hafod (summer place, or summer house), ty^ (= house);

or a field (erw = field), gwaun (= moorland field), ffrith (= moorland field) (here ‘pleasant’ is probably a better English translation)

..a/ Annedd-lon, house name (“happy home”);

..b/ Erw-lon, house name (“pleasant field, happy acre”);

..c/ SH7968 Ffrith-lon Farm near Eglwys-bach, county of Conwy (“pleasant enclosed upland pasture”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/200022 map

..d/ Hafod-lon street name in Rhiw-las, Bangor (county of Gwynedd) (“happy summer farm”)

..e/ Tŷ-llon house name in Cefncribwr (Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (“merry house”)

..f/ Waun-lon street name in Y Drenewydd yn Notais (county of Bro Morgannwg) (“happy moorland meadow”) (“Waunlon”)

3
comparison: mor llon â’r brithyll as happy as can be, as happy as a sandboy (“as merry as the trout”). In Scottish (Gaelic) there appears the same idiom: “Cho sona ri caibheanach ann an sruth” (= as happy as a trout in a stream)

4 c
yfuniad o'r llon a'r lleddf a combination of the merry and the melancholy, the hapy and the sad

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *lond-o-.
In Irish there is lonn (= angry, irascible)

See the entry below: llon llygod lle ni bo cath

:_______________________________.

llon-

A reduced form of llawn (= full) in the tonic syllable in:
...llonaid (= fullness) (usually reduced to a single syllable llond)

 

and the pretonic syllable in
...llongyfarch (= to congratulate), from which llongyfarchiadau (= congratulations)


:_______________________________.

llond
‹LHOND› (masculine noun)
1
fullness
cyrraedd eich llond reach saturation point

2
profi yn llond yr enw turn out to be exactly as the name suggests

Yn y flwyddyn 1797, yn mhen dwy flynedd wedi ei urddiad, efe a gymerodd Mary Brees y Coed, yn ymgeledd cymwys iddo ei hun, yr hon yn ol iaith traddodiad a brofodd yn llon’d yr enw.
In the year 1797, two years after his ordination, he took Mary Brees from Y Coed as a wife (“suitable help”), who, according to tradition, turn out to be exactly as the name suggests.

(ymgeledd cymwys helpmate = helpful wife or husband, literally ‘‘suitable help’)

Genesis 2:18 Hefyd yr Arglwydd Dduw a ddywedodd, Nid da bod y dyn
ei hunan; gwnaf iddo ymgeledd cymwys iddo...

Genesis 2:18 And the Lord God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him...

Genesis 18:20 Ac Adda a enwodd enwau ar yr holl anifeiliaid, ac ar ehediad y nefoedd ac ar holl fwystfilod y maes; ond ni chafodd efe i Adda ymgeledd cymwys iddo
Genesis 18:20 And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air,
and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him

ETYMOLOGY: a reduction of llonaid < llawnaid (llawn = full) + (-aid suffix indicating fullness, equivalent to English –ful)

 

llonaid / lloned > llon’d > llond
:_______________________________.

llong lhong›
PLURAL
llongau lho-nge›
1
ship = large sailing vessel

adeiladydd llongau
shipbuilder

asiant llongau shipping agent (“agent (of) ships”)

bwrdd llong
deck of a ship

camlas longau
ship canal (“canal (of) ships”)
...Camlas Longau Manceinion
Manchester Ship Canal

chwalwr llongau
ship breaker, dismantler of old ships (“destroyer (of) ships”)

gwaelodion llong
bilge = filth which collects in the bottom of a boat (gwaelod = bottom, gwaelodion = sediment)
...dŵr gwaelodion bilge water

iard longau
shipyard (“yard (of) ships”)

perchennog llongau
shipowner (“owner (of) ships”)

swyddfa longau
shipping office (“office (of) ships”)

2
types of ship
awyrlong airship (awyr = air, sky) + soft mutation + (llong = ship)

carcharlong convict ship, ship used as a prison

llong fasnach
merchant vessel, merchantman

llong gludo freighter

llong lo coal ship

mwynlong
ore carrier (mwyn = ore) + soft mutation + (llong = vessel, ship)

3
cadw llong uwchláw’r dŵr keep a ship afloat (“keep (a) ship above the water”)

4
Mae’r llygod yn gadael llong ar suddo Rats desert a sinking ship

5
(Morwriaeth) gwaelodion llong bilge water (“sediments (of) ship”)

6
fel llong heb lyw like a rudderless ship, drifting at the mercy of the elements

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin longa < nâvis longa (= long boat)

From the same Latin root: Irish long (= boat, ship), Manx lhong (= boat, ship)

:_______________________________.

Llong lhong› feminine noun
1
SJ2662 locality in the county of Y Fflint, 3km south-east of Yr Wyddgrug

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh llong < llwng < llwnc (= marsh) < llwnc (= swallowing up; throat).

From llwnc (= throat) comes llyncu (= to swallow)

Compare the place name Y Trallwng (in English “Welshpool”) “great marsh” (tra = intensifying prefix) + (llwng = marsh)

:_______________________________.

Llong.
1
abbreviation = Llongwriaeth (= Seamanship)

:_______________________________.

llong bleser lhong ble-ser› feminine noun
PLURAL
llongau pleser lho-nge ple-ser›

1
pleasure boat = boat which makes short trips for holidaymakers
mynd o Gaer Belan i Gaernarfon ar long bleser go from Caer Belan to Caernarfon on a pleasure boat

ETYMOLOGY: calque on English “pleasure boat”; (llong = boat) + soft mutation + (pleser = pleasure)

:_______________________________.

llongborth lhong -borth› feminine noun
1
obsolete harbour

2
Llongborth Welsh name (though not in general use) for Portsmouth, town on the south coast of England

ETYMOLOGY: ‘ship port’ (llong = ship) + soft mutation + (porth = port);
cf Ireland longfort (= camp, fortress) (and also as a place name with this meaning).

This Irish word longfort was formerly “river port, place upriver accessible to seagoing vessels”. Its counterpart in Manx is lhongphurt

:_______________________________.

llong bost lhong bost› feminine noun
PLURAL
llongau post lho-nge post›
1
mailboat

ETYMOLOGY: calque on English “mail boat”; (llong = boat) + soft mutation + (post = post, mail)

:_______________________________.

llong bysgota lhong bə- sko-ta› feminine noun
PLURAL
llongau pysgota lho-nge pə-sko-ta›
1
fishing boat

ETYMOLOGY: (llong = boat) + soft mutation + (pysgota = to fish, fishing)

:_______________________________.

llong danfor lhong dan-vor› feminine noun
PLURAL
llongau tanfor lho-nge tan-vor›
1
submarine

ETYMOLOGY: (llong = boat) + soft mutation + (tanfor = undersea, submarine)

:_______________________________.

llong ddistryw lhong dhi-striu› feminine noun
PLURAL
llongau distryw lho-nge di-striu›
1
destroyer

ETYMOLOGY: (llong = boat) + soft mutation + (distryw = destruction)

:_______________________________.

llongddrylliad lhong-dhrəlh-yad› masculine noun
PLURAL
llongddrylliadau lhong-dhrəll- yâ -de›
1
shipwreck = accidental destruction of a ship, as by hitting rocks,
or rolling over through the force of the wind and waves, etc

2
mynd yn llongddrylliad ar (“become a shipwreck on”) be shipwrecked
“Ar ôl mor-deithio am fis, fe aeth yn llongddrylliad arnom mewn ynys annhrigiannol” (Y Geiniogwerth. Cyfrol 3. 1847)

After sailing for a month we were shipwrecked by an uninhabited island / a desert island

 

Also said of disaster striking a venture, etc; to go under

Yn mhen pum mlynedd aeth yn llongddrylliad ar ei fenter After five years his venture failed (“it became a shipwreck on his venture”)

 

3 obsolete (person) gwneud llongddrylliad be shipwrecked

Timotheus-1 1:19 Gan fod gennyt ffydd, a chydwybod dda; yr hon a wrthododd rhai, ac a wnaethant longddrylliad am y ffydd
Timothy-1 1:19 Holding faith, and a good conscience; which some having put away concerning faith have made shipwreck

4
obsolete gwneud llongddrylliad o to wreck (a ship) (“make a shipwreck of”)

Gwnaeth longddrylliad o'r Llywodraeth… (Y Llan. 10 Hydref 1884.) The government collapsed

ETYMOLOGY: (llongddryll-, stem of llongddryllio = shipwreck) + (-i-ad noun suffix)

:_______________________________.

llongddryllio lhong-dhrəlh-yo› verb
1
wreck = cause to be wrecked, as a ship driven onto rocks

2
cael eich llongddryllio be shipwrecked

ETYMOLOGY: (llong = boat) + soft mutation + (dryllio = smash to bits)

:_______________________________.

llong deithwyr lhong deith-wir› feminine noun
PLURAL
llongau teithwyr lho-nge teith-wir›
1
passenger ship

ETYMOLOGY: (llong = ship) + soft mutation + (teithwyr = passengers, plural of teithiwr = passenger)

:_______________________________.

llong fasnach lhong vas-nakh› feminine noun
PLURAL
llongau masnach lho-nge vas-nakh›
1
merchant-navy ship, merchant ship, merchant vessel, merchantman

ETYMOLOGY: (llong = boat) + soft mutation + (masnach = trade, commerce)

:_______________________________.

llongferch lhong-verkh› feminine noun
PLURAL
llongferched lhong-ver-khed›
1
woman sailor

ETYMOLOGY: (llong = boat) + soft mutation + (merch = girl, woman)

:_______________________________.

llong ffatri lhong fa -tri› feminine noun
PLURAL
llongau ffatri lho-nge fa-tri›
1
factory ship = fishing vessel which processes the fish at sea

ETYMOLOGY: (llong = ship) + (ffactri = factory)

:_______________________________.

llong forfilod lhong vor-vii-lod› feminine noun
PLURAL
llongau morfilod lho-nge mor-vî-lod›
1
whaler, whaling ship

ETYMOLOGY: “ship (of) whales” (llong = ship) + soft mutation + (morfilod = whales, plural of morfil = whale)

:_______________________________.

llong garthu lhong gar-thi› feminine noun
PLURAL
llongau carthu lho-nge kar-thi›
1
dredger

ETYMOLOGY: “ship (of) dredging” (llong = ship) + soft mutation + (carthu = dredge, dredging)

:_______________________________.

llong hwylio, llongau hwylio lhong HUIL yo, lho nge› (feminine noun)
1
sailing ship

:_______________________________.

llong hyfforddi lhong hə- for-dhi› feminine noun
PLURAL
llongau hyfforddi lho-nge hə- for-dhi›
1
training ship

ETYMOLOGY: “ship (of) training” (llong = ship) + (hyfforddi = to train, training)

:_______________________________.

llong ryfel lhong rə-vel› feminine noun
PLURAL
llongau rhyfel lho-nge hrə-vel›
1
warship

ETYMOLOGY: “ship (of) war” (llong = boat) + soft mutation + (rhyfel = war)

:_______________________________.

llong warchod lhong war-khod› feminine noun
PLURAL
llongau gwarchod lho-nge gwar -khod›
1
escort

ETYMOLOGY: “ship (of) watching over” (llong = boat) + soft mutation + (gwarchod = watch over)

:_______________________________.

llongwr lho-ngur› masculine noun
PLURAL
llongwyr lhong-wir›
1
sailor, mariner

2 llongwr masnachol merchant seaman

3 Br
ɥnllongwr brin- lhong-ur A housing development in Y Barri (“Bryn Llongwr”)
Apparently a recent name c. 2003 - bryn y llongwr “(the) hill (of) the mariner” (br
ɥn = hill) + (y definite article) + (llongwr = sailor, mariner)

ETYMOLOGY: (llong = boat) + (-wr, suffix = ‘man’, soft-mutated form of gŵr = man)

:_______________________________.

llongwriaeth lhon-ngur-yaith - yeth› feminine noun
1 seamanship

2 Llongwriaeth Seamanship (subject label in a dictionary)
Abbreviation: Llong.


ETYMOLOGY: (llongwr = sailor) + (-i-aeth suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

llongwrol lho-nguur-ol› adjective
1
nautical, naval
lluesteiwr llongwrol ship’s quartermaster

ETYMOLOGY: (llongwr = sailor) + (-ol, adjectival suffix)

:_______________________________.

llongyfarch lhon-gə-varkh› verb
1
congratulate
A gaf i’n gyntaf dy longyfarch ar dy ddyweddïad gydag Owain
May I first of all congratulate you on your engagement to Owain

ETYMOLOGY: (llon = merry, happy) + soft mutation + (cyfarch = to greet)

:_______________________________.

llongyfarchiad lhon-gə- varkh -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL
llongyfarchiadau lhon-gə-varkh-yâ-de›
1
congratulation

2
llongyfarchiadau congratulations, (congrats, congratters)
Llongyfarchiadau mawr i chi Very many congratulations to you! (“big congratulations to you”)

ETYMOLOGY: (llongyfarch-, stem of llongyfarch = congratulate) + (-iad suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

llongyfarchiadau lhon gə varkh YA de› (plural noun)
1
congratulations

:_______________________________.

llongyfarchion lhon-gə- varkh -yon›
1
= llongyfarchiadau congratulations

:_______________________________.

llon llygod lle ni bo cath lhon lhə-god lhee nii boo kaath›
1
when the cat’s away the mice will play
(‘(it is) happy (that are) mice where there is no cat”)

ETYMOLOGY: (llon = merry) + (llygod = mice) + (lle = where) + (ni bo there may not be) + (cath = a cat)

:_______________________________.



llonnod [LHON-nod] ɬɔnɔd] (m)

PLURAL: llonnodau [lho-NOO-dai, -de] [ɬɔˡnoˑdaɪ, -dɛ]

1 (music) sharp

 

Beethoven - Sonata No. 14 in C Sharp Minor Moonlight, Op. 27 No. 2 - I. Adagio sostenuto

Beethoven - Sonata Rhif 14 yn Llonnod C Leiaf ‘Golau Leuad’, Opws 27 Rhif 2 - I. Adagio sostenuto

 

ETYMOLOGY: ‘merry note’ (llon = merry) + (nod = note)

 

:_______________________________.


llonydd LHO nidh› (masculine noun)
1
calm, tranquility, quiet
2 gadael llonydd i bethau let things take their course (“leave tranquility to things”)

:_______________________________.

lloriau LHOR-ye, -yai› (plural noun)
1
floors; see llawr

:_______________________________.

llorp lhorp› feminine noun
PLURAL
llorpiau lhorp -ye›
NOTE: Also llorpen and llorpyn

1
shaft of a cart
llorpiau’r drol the shafts of the cart

2
handle of a wheelbarrow

3
stile of a ladder (= one of the two struts which form the sides)

4
arm of a chair

5
arm of a pair of spectacles

6
cwympo'n llorpyn fall down
bod yn llorpyn ar lawr (fall and) end up on the floor (one person)
bod yn llorpod ar lawr (fall and) end up on the floor (two or more people)

7
cysgu'n llorpyn sleep like a log

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

llorwedd lhor -wedh› adjective
1
horizontal

ETYMOLOGY: (llor-, penult form of llawr = ground, floor) + soft mutation + (gwedd = appearance)

:_______________________________.

llosg LHOSK› (adjective)
1
burnt
2 burning
pwnc llosg burning question, hot potato, contentious subject
(pwnc = matter, question) + (llosg = burning)

:_______________________________.

llosgi lho-ski› verb
1
burn

2
llosgi'n ulw burn to a crisp

3
llosgi delw o rywun burn somebody in effigy

4 a losgodd ei fysedd a ochel y tân once bitten twice shy (“the person who burnt his fingers is the person who avoids the fire”)

5
llosgi’ch bysedd burn your fingers, lose money in a venture

A losgodd ei fysedd a ochel y tân

Once bitten twice shy (“the person who burnt his fingers is the person who avoids the fire”)

6 Rhy hwyr edifaru wedi llosgi’r ty It’s no use crying over spilt milk (“(it-is) too late regretting after (the) burning (of) the house”)

7
llosgi’r gannwyll yn hwyr burn the midnight oil (“burn the candle late”)

 

8 parch = (land) become extremely dry through lack of water and by exposure to the sun
llosgi’n goch be parched red by the sun

Yr haf hwnnw yr oedd y gweirglodd wedi llosgi’n goch

That summer the meadow was parched red (by the sun)
:_______________________________.

llosgi'r gannwyll yn ei deupen lho-skir ganuilh ən ii dei -pen›
1
burn the candle at both ends, exhaust oneself (“burn the candle it its two ends”)

ETYMOLOGY: (llosgi = to burn) + (yr = definite article) + soft mutation + (cannwyll = candle) + (yn = in) + (ei = its) + (deupen = two ends)

NOTE: Also: llosgi'r gannwyll yn y ddeupen

:_______________________________.

llost lhost› feminine noun
PLURAL
llostau lho-ste›

1
obsolete tail; penis
It is found in a handful of compound words and derivatives -
llostddelw (= phallus) (llost) + soft mutation + (delw = image)

llosten (= penis) (llost) + soft mutation + (-en diminutive suffix)

llostlydan (adjective = having a wide tail, wide-tailed; noun = beaver)

(llost) + soft mutation + (llydan = wide)


llostfain (= having a slender tail)
(llost) + soft mutation + (main = slender)


ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic;
corresponding forms in the other Celtic languages are: Cornish lost (= tail), Breton lost (= tail), Irish los (= tail)

:_______________________________.

llostlydan lhost- lə -dan› masculine noun
PLURAL
llostlydanod lhost-lə- dâ -nod›
1
beaver

2
(adjective) wide-tailed

ETYMOLOGY: (llost = tail) + soft mutation + ( llydan = wide)

:_______________________________.

llu, lluoedd LHII, LHI oidh, odh› (masculine noun)
1
great crowd of people, large number of people, throng, band of men, band of people

2 host

llu’r nef the Heavenly Host, army of angels
y llu nefol the Heavenly Host


Brenhinoedd-1 19:14 Dygais fawr sêl dros Arglwydd Dduw y lluoedd

Kings-1 19:14 With zeal I have been zealous for the Lord God of hosts.

3 flock of birds

4
army, regiment, force

As a final element in some compound words:

awyrlu au-ər -li› (m), PLURAL awyrluoedd a-wər- lii -oidh›
airforce, military division of a state’s armed forces for aerial warfare, with fighters, bombers, and reconnaissance aircraft; usually organised in combination with land forces and sea forces
(“air band”) (aw
yr = air, sky) + soft mutation + (llu = band of people)

cartreflu home army, reserve militia
("band (of) home")
(cartref = home) + soft mutation +
(llu = band of people)

gwarchodlu garrison, guard
("band (of) guarding")
(gwarchod-, stem of gwarchod = to guard) + soft mutation +
(llu = band of people)

heddlu hedh -li› (m), PLURAL heddluoedd hedh- lii –oidh, -odh› police force
(“peace band”) (hedd = peace) + soft mutation + (llu = band of people)


:_______________________________.

llu awyr, llueodd awyr lhii AU ir. Lhi odh AU ir› (masculine noun)
1
air force

:_______________________________.

llucheden lhi-khê-den› feminine noun
PLURAL
lluched lhî-khed›
1
South Wales lightning flash
lluched a thyrfau lhî-khed a thər-ve› thunder and lightning
storm o luched a thyrfau thunderstorm (“storm (of) lightning flashes and thunderclaps”)

ETYMOLOGY: (lluched, plural of llucheden = lightning flash) + (a = and) + spirant mutation + (tyrfau, plural of twrf = noise, thunderclap)

:_______________________________.

lluchedu lhi- khe -di› verb
1 South Wales (verb without an object) to lighten, to flash

ETYMOLOGY: (lluched = flashes of lightning, flashes of bright light) +(-u suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

lluchio LHIKH yo› (verb)

1
(North Wales) to throw

2
Y neb sy’n byw mewn tŷ gwydr gocheled luchio cerrig
People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones

7369_jmj_welsh_grammar_1913_118_lluchio_090203

(delwedd 7369)

:_______________________________.

Lludd lhiidh› masculine noun
1
man’s name (not in current use)

2
(Mythology) name of a king of Britain before the arrival of the Romans, famous for his generosity, who rid the island of three oppressions.

Lludd a Llefelys a tale in the collection of tales the ‘Mabinogion’, found in full in the Llyfr Coch Hergest (Red Book of Hergest) (compiled between the years 1382-1410). Lludd consults with his brother, Llefelys, king of France, about how to rid Britain of the three oppressions one by one. Each time his advice is followed and the oppression is successfully removed.

3
Porth Lludd (‘the gate of Lludd’) Welsh name for Ludgate, London

4
Caer-ludd (the form with a hyphen conforms to modern spelling rules; often written (nowadays a less correct form) “Caerludd”). The name was sometimes used in literary Welsh and in book imprints in the 1800s. This was an invented name for London (‘the fort of Lludd’) (caer = fort) + soft mutation + (Lludd)

5
The name Lludd occurs in the English place name “Lydney”, near Gloucester

”Lludd’s island”. This place name is from a form of Lludd in Primitive Welsh, plus Old English êa (= island) (which is found in many place names in England, nowadays with the pronunciation
i› and spelt “-ey”)

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

lludded lhi -dhed› masculine noun
PLURAL
lluddedion lli- dhed -yon›
1 fatigue, tiredness

2 effort, toil, pain
llafur a lludded toil and drudgery

3 lludded metel metal fatigue

4 jetludded jetlag

ETYMOLOGY: Apparently lludd (= impediment) (-edd suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.

lluddias lhudh -yas› verb
South-east Wales

1
prevent
Mae amgylchiadau teuluaidd yn lluddias iddi barhau mor amlwg ag y bu
Family circumstances prevent her from continuing to be as prominent as she has been

ETYMOLOGY: (lludd = obstacle) + (-as suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

lluestai lhi-e-stai›
1
plural of lluesty = tent, hut

:_______________________________.

lluesteiwr lhi-e- stei -ur› masculine noun
PLURAL
lluesteiwyr lhi-e- stei -wir›
1
quartermaster, organizer of a military camp

2
(army) lluesteiwr milwrol quartermaster = person in charge of organising accommodation, supplies of food, and munitions and other equipment

3
(ship) lluesteiwr llongwrol ship’s quartermaster = petty officer with navigational duties

ETYMOLOGY: “tents man”; (lluestei- penult form of lluestai = tents, plural of lluesty = tent) + (-wr, suffix = ‘man’)

:_______________________________.

lluestwr lhi-e-stur› masculine noun
PLURAL
lluestwyr lhi-est-wir›
1
person who lives in a “lluest” (upland cabin)

ETYMOLOGY: (lluest = tent, cabin) + (-wr = man)

:_______________________________.

lluesty lhi-e-sti› masculine noun
PLURAL
lluestai lhi- e -stai›
1
cabin, hut

2
shieling; originally summer houses for shepherds in the highlands, later year-round dwellings (with a few acres of ground annexed), rented from a landowner

3
Bíble tent

4
Lluesty house name in Tywyn (county of Gwynedd) (in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)

ETYMOLOGY: (lluesty < lluest-dy (lluest = tent, cabin) + soft mutation + (ty = house)

:_______________________________.

llumon lhi -mon› masculine noun
PLURAL
llumonau lhi-mô-ne›
1
obsolete chimney

2
(place names) stack, peak - occurs in
.....(a) Pumlumon (“five peaks”) SN7886 mountain in the county of Ceredigion 16km west of Llanidloes,
.....(b) and probably in the lake name Llun Llumonwy in Scotland (Loch Lomond) (before the invasion of the Scots some time before the tenth century this part of the island of Britain was Welsh-speaking)

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

llun lhiin› masculine noun
PLURAL
lluniau lhin -ye›

1
picture = visual representation of an object
llun o’r Forwyn a Madonna (a picture of the Virgin Mary)

2
picture = painting

3
picture = photo

4
picture = visible part of a television transmission

5
illustration accompanying a text

6
a vivid description in words

7
an image in the mind

8
tynnu llun do a drawing, paint a picture, take a photo

9
compound words:
awyrlun aerial photograph (awyr = air, sky + llun)
braslun draft, sketch plan (bras = big, approximate + llun)
cerflun sculpture (cerfu = carve, sculpt + llun)
ciplun snapshot (cip = glance; snatching + llun)
darlun drawing, illustration, picture (dar- = intensifying prefix + llun)
dinaslun cityscape (dinas = city + llun)
gwawdlun caricature (gwawd = mockery + llun)
llinlun line drawing (llun = line)
morlun seascape (mor = sea + llun)
murlun mural (mur = wall + llun)
tirlun landscape painting (tir = land + llun)
tryloywlun slide (tryloyw = transparent) + soft mutation + ( llun = picture)

10
arlunydd masculine noun painter

11
reflection = image in a mirror
Edrychodd ar ei lun yng nghaead y tùn bisgedi
He looked at his reflection in the biscuit tin lid

12
appearance

13
shadow
mor ddyled â’i lun he’s as daft as they come (“he’s as stupid as his shadow”)

14
na lliw na llun (“neither colour nor shadow”) neither hide nor hair of
also na llun na lliw

Ni welsom liw na llun ohono trwy’r dydd We didn’t see any sign of him all day

15
o bob lliw a llun of every sort

16
Does ond ei lun He’s all skin and bone (“there’s nothing but his image / shadow”)

17
county of Penfro llunie wry faces
gweitho llunie pull a face

18
llun troed footprint

19
ar lun in the form of, in the shape of

20
ar lun a delw in the form of, in the shape of (“on image and image (of) “)
Bachgen tawel, cadarn o gorff, ydoedd ef, ar lun a delw ei dad
He was a quiet boy, strong in body, the image of his father

21
kind, sort, imitation

22
rhyw lun ar some semblance of

Ymdrechodd i ennill rhyw lun ar gyfiawnder i’w genedl
He struggled to get some semblance of justice for his nation

bod rhyw lun ar
to be in a manner of speaking, to be sort of, to be something of

Roedd fy nhad yn rhyw lun ar fardd gwlad
My father was sort of a local poet

Mae e’n rhyw lun ar gyfreithiwr
He’s a kind of lawyer, he’s some sort of lawyer


23
rhyw lun ar (beth) a rudimentary (thing)

Erbyn 1895 llwyddodd i wneud rhyw lun ar rasel...
by 1895 he succeeded in making a rudimentary razor

24
dim llun ar not in the correct manner, in disorder, in disarray (“no form on”)

Mi fu hi’n draed moch duon bach acw am ddiwrnodau cyn symud -
dim llun ar fwyd na golchi

It was a complete shambles at home in the days before the move - eating and washing up in disarray

25
ni + llun ar = no kind of, not any... at all (no + sign on”)

Nid oedd lun ar waith yn y lofa y diwrnod hwnnw
There was no work of any sort that day, nobody at all worked that day in the colliery

26
Does yma fawr o lun arni We’re not making a very good job of it, We’ve not managed to make a very good job of it (“there-is-not here much of (a) picture on-her”)

ETYMOLOGY: unknown

:_______________________________.

Llundain LHIN den› (feminine noun) LHƏN den›
1
London

2
Tŷ Llundain London House. In names of emporia (retail stores selling a wide range of goods) in certain Welsh towns the 1800s, where the goods came from Manchester.
Usually this kind of shop name, indicating the provenance of the merchandise, was in English.

Other names of this type are:
Tŷ Manceinion Manchester House (Manchester is a city in north-west England),
Tŷ Lerpwl Liverpool House (Liverpool is a city in north-west England)
Birmingham Birmingham House (Birmingham is a city in the English midlands)

:_______________________________.

Llundain-fach lhun-den vaakh› feminine noun
1
SN5556 locality in Ceredigion (Dyfed) on the road from Tal-sarn to Llangeitho, 1.5km east of Tal-sarn

2
place by Caer-sws, county of Powys

3 street name in Pant-teg, Llanelli (“Llundain Fach”)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘little London’,
(Llundain = London) + soft mutation + (bach = small), humorous name for a small hamlet

:_______________________________.

lluniaidd lhin -yedh› adj
1
shapely

ETYMOLOGY: (form = form) + (-i-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

llunwedd lhin -wedh› feminine noun
PLURAL
llunweddau lhin- wê -dhe›
1
layout (room)

ETYMOLOGY: (llun = form, shape) + soft mutation + (gwedd = look, appearance)

:_______________________________.

lluosfiliwnydd, lluosfilwnyddion lhi os vi LIU nidh, lhi os vi liu NƏDH yon› (masculine noun)
1
multi-millionaire

:_______________________________.

lluosog lhi O sog› (adjective)
1
plural

:_______________________________.

llurgunio lhit- gin -yo› verb
1 mutilate
llurgunio iaith mutilate a language (= speak it imperfectly, speak it very badly)

anifeiliaid gwyllt yn cael eu llurgunio mewn maglau
wild animals being mutilated in traps

llurgunio organau cenhedlu (megis enwaediad benywaidd)
to mutilate sexual organs (as with female circumcision)

dweud celwyddau neu lurgunio'r gwir tell lies or bend the truth
llurgunio canlyniadau ymchwil manipulate research results
llurgunio'r ffigurau
manipulate the figures

ETYMOLOGY: (“to make a carcase of”) (llurgun- = carcase) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

llurs, llursod LHIRS, LHIR sod› (feminine noun)
1
razorbill

:_______________________________.

llusen lhi -sen› feminine noun
PLURAL
llusi, llus lhî –si, llhiis›

1
(Vaccinium myrtillus) whinberry (also called huckleberry, whortleberry, bilberry, blaeberry)
llusa gather whinberries
hel llus gather whinberries

Caerllysi cae’r llysi (the) field (of) the bilberries
Name of a street in Pen-coed (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

2
deilen lus whinberry leaf
helygen dail llus
(Salix myrsinifolia) whortle-leaved willow

3
Parc-moel-lus street name in Penmaen-mawr (county of Conwy)
(“Parc Moel Lus”)

(”(the) field (at) Moel Lus”)

Moel Lus is apparently (not having investigated the history of the name) “(the) hill (of) the whinberries”
(moel = bare rounded hill) + soft mutation + (llus = whinberries)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
Breton: lusenn (= whinberry)
From the same Celtic root (via Gaulish): dialect French lucet

NOTE: Also: llusen ddu fach, llus duon bach
Colloquially in South-east Wales: llusi > llysi

:_______________________________.

llusg lhisk› masculine noun
PLURAL
llusgion lhisk -yon›
1
dragging
car llusg (Agriculture) sled (“cart (of) dragging”)

2
cyflusg (music) slur

ETYMOLOGY: (cyf- prefix = together) + soft mutation + ( llusg = dragging)

:_______________________________.

llusgo LHI sko› (verb)
1
to drag
2
llusgraff (qv) towrope

:_______________________________.

llusgo mynd lhi-sko mind› verb
1
go at a snail’s pace

ETYMOLOGY: “drag-go”

:_______________________________.

llusgo siarad lhi-sko shâ-rad› verb
1
drawl = speak slowly making vowel sounds longer

ETYMOLOGY: “drag-talk”

:_______________________________.

llusgraff lhisk -raf› feminine noun
PLURAL
llusgraffau lhisk- râ -fe›
1
towrope

ETYMOLOGY: ‘tow rope’ (llusg, stem of llusgo = to tow) + soft mutation + (rhaff = rope)

:_______________________________.

llusgrwyd lhisk -ruid› feminine noun
PLURAL
llusgrwydi lhisk- rui -di›
1
trawl net

ETYMOLOGY: ‘drag net’ (llusg, stem of llusgo = to drag) + soft mutation + (rhwyd = net)

:_______________________________.

llusgrwydo lhisk- rui -do› verb
1
trawl

ETYMOLOGY: (llusgrwyd = trawl net) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

lluwchio LHIUKH-yo› verb
1
trawl

ETYMOLOGY: (lluwch = snowdrift) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

7369_jmj_welsh_grammar_1913_118_lluchio_090203a

(delwedd 7369)


:_______________________________.

lluydd lhî -idh› masculine noun
PLURAL
lluyddau, lluyddon, lluyddion lhi-ə-dhe, lhi-ə-dhon, lhi-ədh-yon›
1
(obsolete) army

ETYMOLOGY: (llu = multitude) (-ydd noun suffix for indicating a device or an agent)
Cf Irish slógadh (= mobilisation)

:_______________________________.

lluyddog lhi-ə-dhog› adjective
1
having many warriors

2 Elen Luyddog (“Elen of the Hosts”) from a noble family in Segontium (Caernarfon). She married Macsen Wledig (Magnus Maximus), born in the Iberian peninsula, who became commander of the Roman army in Britain and who in AD 383 went to Rome where he deposed Gratian and made himself Emperor, and became a Christian. It is said that Elen returned to Wales after Macsen’s death five years later, in AD 388.
The tale is preserved in “Breuddwyd Macsen Wledig” (“the dream of Magnus (the) leader”) , written down around 1400 and forming part of the collection of twelve medieval Welsh tales known as the “Mabinogion”.

ETYMOLOGY: (lluydd-
ə› < lluydd i› = army) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

llw, llwon LHUU, LHUU on› (masculine noun)
1
oath

2
datganiad ar lw sworn statement

3 geulw (obsolete) perjury
(“false oath”) (geu-, penult form of gau = fals ) + soft mutation + (llw = oath)

:_______________________________.

..1 llwch LHUUKH› (masculine noun)
1
dust
gorwedd yn llwch y bedd lie in the dust of the grave

2
clefyd llwch y garreg pneumoconiosis (“(the) illness (of) the stone”)

:_______________________________.

..2 llwch LHUUKH› (masculine noun)
1
(obsolete) lake
Llwch Garmon Loch Garmon, Ireland
English name: Wexford

:_______________________________.

llwdn (“llwdwn”), llydnod LHU dun, LHƏD nod› (masculine noun)
1
young animal
2
castrated sheep

:_______________________________.

llwfr (“llwfwr” LHU vur› (adjective)
1
coward

:_______________________________.

llwfrdra LHUVR dra› (masculine noun)
1
cowardice

:_______________________________.

llwfrháu lhuvr-hai› verb
1
get disheartened, give up, lose one’s fighting spirit. See llyfrháu

ETYMOLOGY: (llwfr = cowardly) + (-hau suffix for forming verbs from adjectives). Usually however in the penult w > y, and so llyfrháu is considered the standard form


:_______________________________.

llwgu lhû -gi› verb
1
(verb sense objecte) starve = suffer from lack of food
llwgu i farwolaeth starve to death

2
ar lwgu, half-starved, starving = very hungry (exaggeration)
Rw i ar lwgu! I’m starving!
Tawn i'n llwgu! (expression of surprise) Well I never! (“if I were starving (to death)”)
bod yn hanner llwgu be half-starved

3
llwglyd starving, ravenous, famished

ETYMOLOGY: llwgu, a colloquial form of llewygu (= to faint, to swoon)

:_______________________________.

llwglyd lhug -lid› adj
1
starving, ravenous, famished

2
underfed

3
(soil), poor, lacking in nutrients

ETYMOLOGY: (llwg-, stem of llwgu = to starve) + (-lyd adjectival suffix)

:_______________________________.

llwgr (“llwgwr”) LHUGR, LHUU gur› [ɬʊgr, ˡɬuˑgʊr] (masculine noun)
PLURAL:
llygrau LHƏ-grai, -e› [ˡɬəgrai, -ɛ]

 1 damage, harm, injury
 2 (South-east Waels) chafing = sore caused by rubbing – effect of a shoe rubbing part of the foot, etc; ulcer, scab. Spoken form is llwcwr, PLURAL: ll
ycra [ˡɬuˑkʊr, ˡɬəkra]

3 (adjective) corrupt
cymdeithas lwgr a corrupt society
arferion llwgr
corrupt practices

4 faulty, defective
testun llwgr defective text (in a “cywydd” verse)

5 unauthentic


ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British. Possibly the the origin is a borrowing into British of Latin lucr- / lucrum (= gain, avarice), though this is doubtful because the meaning in Welsh has always been ‘damage’.

:_______________________________.

llwm LHUM› [ɬʊm] adj
Feminine form llom / lom
PLURAL
form llymion

1 exp
osed

2 (land) yielding poor crops, barren, infertile
caeau llwm poor fields

Y Waun Lom the barren moorland field
Yr Allt Lom (“the barren hill¡side”) SN9627 near Y Trallwng, district of Byrcheiniog, Powys

3 barren, empty (season)
Roedd yn rhaid cael halen i halltu'r cig i fod yn fwyd dros y misoedd llwm
It was necessary to get salt to salt the meat to be found over the empty months
t9 Seiat Byd Natur 1971 Golygydd: E Breeze Jones

4 rudimentary, devoid of comfort
ty^ llwm a rudimentary house
llety llwm a bare lodging

5 bare, naked; (sheep) shorn
defaid llymion shorn sheep
noethlwm
bare, nakèd; exposed
croenllwm naked person

6 lacking in (something), wanting (something), devoid of (something), sparsely provided with (something)

Yr oedd fy llety yn eang, ond dipyn yn llwm o ddodrefn
The lodging was spacious, but somewhat devoid of furniture
t3 Seneddwr ar Dramp Rhys J Davies 1935(REF:)(cym:) TES-Z

7 empty of provisions (barn, larder)
cwpwrdd llwm almost empty cupboard

8 (place) bleak, desolate, grim

9 threadbare
ei phlant yn gorfod gwisgo dillad llwm her children had to ware threadbare clothes
llwm ei gotwm (North Wales) (“threadbare its cotton”) threadbare

10 barren, empty, devoid of interest
nos Sadwrn yw'r noson fwyaf llwm a thlawd ar y teledu
Saturday night is the emptiest and poorest night on TV

esgeirlwm (adj) (South-west Wales) (of exposed high ground) bleak, windswept
(
esgeir- penultimate form of esgair = ridge) + soft mutation + (llwm = bare)

barlwm (adj) exposed?, bleak? See Twmbarlwm (hill in south-east Wales)
(bar = hilltop) + soft mutation + (llwm = bare)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish
lomm
From the same Celtic root: Irish lomm (= bare, barren, threadbare), Manks lhom (= bare, naked)

:_______________________________.

llwmpio lhump -yo›
1
(North Wales) throw; tip out (a load); overturn (cart, barrow)
See llympio

:_______________________________.

llwnc, llyncion LHUNGK, LHƏNGK yon› (masculine noun)
1
throat.
(South Wales) llwnc tost sore throat
Mae llwnc tost gyda fi I’ve got a sore throat

2 See also the place name Llong

3 trallwng (place names) swamp
(tra intensifying prefix) + (llwng, variant of llwnc, stem of the verb llyncu = to swallow)

Y Trallwng Place name – for example (SJ2207) locality in the district of Maldwyn (county of Powys)

:_______________________________.

llwncdestun, llwncdestunau lhungk DE stin, lhungk de STI ne› (masculine noun)
1
toast (in drinking)

:_______________________________.

llwy, llwyau LHUI, LHUI e› (feminine noun)

1
spoon

llwy de, llwyau te
lhui DEE, LHUI e TEE› (feminine noun) teaspoon

llwy fetel, llwyau metel a metal spoon

llwy fwrdd, llwyau bwrdd lhui VURDD, lhui e BURDH› (feminine noun) tablespoon

llwy garu, llwyau caru (“spoon (of) wooing, “spoon (of) courting”), love spoon = a wooden spoon carved by a young man for his sweetheart as a token of his love. Also llwy serch

llwy serch (“spoon (of) love”) love spoon = a wooden spoon carved by a young man for his sweetheart as a token of his love. Also llwy garu

llwy weini, llwyau gweini lhui WEI ni, LHUI e GWEI ni› (feminine noun) serving spoon

:_______________________________.

llwyarn lhui -arn› feminine noun
PLURAL
llwyarnau lhui- ar -ne›
(South Wales)

1
trowel
llwyarn blastro plasterer’s trowel
llwyarn bointio pointing trowel
llwyarn fiswn (= feiswn) mason’s trowel

ETYMOLOGY: “spoon iron”, “iron piece shaped like a spoon”
llwyarn < llwyharn
(llwy = spoon) + (harn, southern form of haearn = iron)

NOTE: Also with the loss of the final ‘n’ - llwyar, llwyerau

:_______________________________.

llwybr (“llwybyr”), llwybrau LHUI bir, LHUI bre› (masculine noun)
1
path

2
way = long-distance footpath
Llwybr y Penwynion Pennine Way (such a path in the north of England)

3
dilyn y llwybr hawsaf take the line of least resistance (“follow the easiest path”)

4
dilyn y llwybr llygad go the shortest way (“follow the path (of) eye”)

Llwybr Arfordirol Ynys Môn SH6718 Anglesey Coastal Path

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/416914 map

:_______________________________.

Llwybr Cenllif (= Llwybr Cenlli) lhui –bir ken-lhi› masculine noun
1
place east of Dolgellau in the county of Gwynedd (name on English maps: Torrent Walk)

ETYMOLOGY: llwybr y cenllif (the) path (of) the torrent
(llwybr = path) + (y = definite article) + (cenllif = torrent)

NOTE: a final [v] in a polysyllabic word is omitted in colloquial Welsh, though in the spelling of place names the f is usually written, as place names are generally written in the standard language rather than representing a local pronunciation

:_______________________________.

llwybreiddio lhui-breidh-yo› verb
1 wend one’s way, proceed

NOTE: Occurs in spoken Welsh in the south-east

ETYMOLOGY: (llwybreidd- penult syllable of llwybraidd = belonging to a path or paths) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

Llwybr Main lhui-bir main› masculine noun
1
name of a road in Mynydd Llandygái, Bangor, county of Gwynedd

ETYMOLOGY: y llwybr main = the narrow path / way
(y = the) + (llwybr = path, way) + (main = thin; narrow)

:_______________________________.

1 llwyd, lhwydion LHUID, LHUID yon› (adjective)
1
gray (Englandic: grey)

2
in names of hills
..a/ Cnap-llwyd
”a farm on the hill to the south of Glanamman Village”
(Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society and Field Club 6 / 1910 /1911 / p52)

..b/ Cnap-llwyd, Abertawe
Here there are streets called Heol y Cnap and “Cnap Llwyd Road” (which would be Heol (y) Cnap-llwyd in Welsh)

..c/ Mynydd-llwyd street name, Amlwch (county of Ynys Môn)
“gray / grey mountain” (mynydd = mountain) + (llwyd = gray / grey)

3 bara llwyd mouldy bread (“grey bread”)
Saying: Rhaid enllyn da gyda bara llwyd You need a good comapage with mouldy bread

4 mynd yn llwyd dywyll become twilight, (Lowlandic) ‘to gloam’ (“become grey dark”)

:_______________________________.

Llwyd lhuid› masculine noun
1
man’s name

2
epithet = brownhaired, greyhaired; ‘grey’, often used in the sense of ‘elder, the father’ if the son had the same forename as the father

3
surname = descendant of one called Llwyd
English form: Lloyd
loid›, Loyd; Flood, Floyd

4
Rhys Llwyd y Lleuad the man in the moon ("Rhys Llwyd (of) the moon")
Also: Hen Ŵr y Lleuad (“(the) old man (of) the moon”)

5
Mister Llwyd (county of Ceredigion) laziness

6 Mynydd Llwyd mountain in Patagonia (“mountain (of) Llwyd”)
Name used by Castilian-speakers: Nahuel Pan

:_______________________________.

Llwydcoed

1 Place name. Poor spelling for Llwytgoed
‹LHUIT-goid, LHUIT-god,› (qv)

:_______________________________.

llwydd LHUIDH› (masculine noun)
1
success

2
aflwydd (North Wales) defect
Fe gafodd fy nghar ryw aflwydd My car broke down (“my car got some defect”)
Mae rhyw aflwydd ar y peth The thing’s not working, It’s not working

:_______________________________.

llwyddiant, llwyddiannau LHUIDH yant, lhuidh YA ne› (masculine noun)
1
success

2
gwarafun i rywun ei lwyddiant refuse, begrudge, deny, envy (somebody something), be jealous of, be envious of, resent (somebody’s something), be unhappy that somebody has something,

Nid wyf yn gwarafun iddo ei lwyddiant I don’t begrudge him his success, I’m not jealous of his success, I don’t resent his success, I’m happy for his success

3 wishing somebody success:
Pob lwyddiant i ti! I wish you success ! (“every success for you”)
Llwyddiant i'r achos! Good luck! (“success for the cause”)

:_______________________________.

llwyddo lhui -dho› verb

1
succeed, be successful
Maent wedi llwyddo y tu hwnt i bob disgwyl
They have succeeded beyond all expectations

2
llwyddo mewn arholiad pass an examination

3
llwyddo i manage to (do something), succeed in (doing something)

Sut yn y byd mawr y llwyddodd e i gael cynulleidfa’r capel i aros dros nos ar ben y mynydd gydag e?
How on earth did he manage to get the congregation of the chapel stay overnight on the top of the mountain with him?

ETYMOLOGY: (llwydd = success) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

llwydion lhuid-yon›
1
plural form of the adjective llwyd = grey
Cerrigllwydion (“(the) grey stones”) hamlet above Pont-rhyd-y-fen in the Afan valley (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)

ETYMOLOGY: (llwyd) + (-ion plural suffix)

:_______________________________.

llwydnos lhuid-nos› feminine noun
1
twilight, dusk, nightfall
Pan ddaeth i Benduad, croesffordd mewn lle unig, yn ddisymwth gwelodd Wil ryw ledrith enfawr yn y llwydnos.
When he came to Benduad, a crossroads in an isolated spot, Wil suddenly saw an enormous apparition in the twilight

ETYMOLOGY: (llwyd = grey) + (nos = night)

:_______________________________.

llwydnosi lhuid- no -si› verb
1
(night) to fall
Yr oedd hi’n llwydnosi Night is falling

ETYMOLOGY: (llwydnos = twilight, dusk) + (-i suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

llwyfan, llwyfannau LHUI van, lhui VA ne› (feminine noun)
1
stage
2
llwyfan olew oil rig, oil platform

:_______________________________.

llwyfen LHUI-ven› (feminine noun)

PLURAL llwyfenni lhui-VE-ni›

1 elm (Ulmus procera). Also called the “common elm” or the “English elm”

2 (Ulmus americana)

3 llwyfen Cernyw (f) llwyfain Cernyw Cornish elm (Ulmus minor subsp. angustifolia)

4 Place names (from the variant llwyfan = elm)

..a/ Argoed Llwyfain

..b/ Coed Llwyfain

..c/ Llwyfenydd
..d/ Llyfeni < Llwyfeni


Y Llwyfen SO1521 Farm by Y Bwlch, Brycheiniog, Powys

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/284558 Y llwyfen

5 palalwyfen lime tree, linden

(1) (palalwyf = lime trees) + (-en suffix added to nouns to make a singular form out of a collective noun or plural noun)

(2) palalwyf < (pala, element of unknown origin) + soft mutation + (llwyf = elm trees)

There is a street in Pont-y-clun (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) called “Palalwyf Avenue”, which would be Coedlan Palalwyf in Welsh (Postcode: CF72 9EG)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh llwyf < British *lêm- (with the letter sequence L-M) < Celtic

llwyfen
is (llwyf = elms) + (-en singulative suffix)

Irish: leamhán (= elm)

Cf English elm, German die Ulme (= English elm) (with the letter sequence L-M)

Cf Latin ulmu (= elm) (also with the letter sequence L-M)

NOTE: Also :

llwyfanen (f), PLURAL: llwyfain [lhui -ven]

llwyfan (f), PLURAL: llwyfenni


:_______________________________.

llwyfog lhiu -vog› adjective
1
abounding in elms
Hafodlwyfog summer farm by Beddgelert (county of Gwynedd)
(“the summer farm (by the place) abounding in elms”)

ETYMOLOGY: (llwyf = elms) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

llwyn, llwynau (1) LHUIN, LHUI ne› (feminine noun)
1
sirloin

:_______________________________.

llwyn, llwyni (2) LHUIN, LHUI ni› (masculine noun)
1
bush; grove, wood

llwyn o goed wood, small wood

Safai yr hen Wenallt mewn pantle, rhwng y fan y saif y Wenallt presenol a'r llwyn o goed a elwir Nyrs Fachddeiliog, yn ymyl hen orsaf ffordd haiarn y Bala.
Adgofion Andronicus (= John William Jones, Y Bala, 1842-1895) Cyhoeddwyd: Caernarfon 1894 t24
The old Wenallt (farmhouse) stood in a hollow, between the place where the present Wenallt stands and a wood which was called Fachddeiliog Nursery, next to the old railway station in Y Bala

Types of grove:
llwyn cyll
hazel wood
llwyn celyn
(qv) holly grove / holly wood / holly-bush (also as celynllwyn)

llwyn banadl broom bush
llwyn deri
(qv) oak wood, oak grove
llwyn derw
oak wood, oak grove (also as derlwyn < dérw-lwyn)
llwyn ffawydd
beech grove
llwyn grug heather bush, clump of heather (also as gruglwyn)
llwyn gwern alder grove (also as gwernllwyn)

llwyn helyg willow grove (also as helyglwyn)
llwyn on (qv) ash wood, ash grove (also as onllwyn)

 

As a second element:

celynllwyn hollybush

derwlwyn, derlwyn oak-wood, oak grove

gruglwyn heather bush

gwernllwyn alder-wood, alder grove

helyglwyn willow grove

onllwyn ash-wood, ash grove


2 Llwynygolomen street name in Cwmrhydyceirw (county of Abertawe)
(“the) wood (of) the dove”)

3
craflwyn wood with Allium ursinum - ramsons or wild garlic
(craf = ramsons / wild garlic) + soft mutation + (llwyn = wood)

4
(South) plentyn trwy’r llwyn lovechild (“child through the bush”)
(North) plentyn llwyn a pherth lovechild (“child (of) bush and thicket”)

Pendeulwyn (Bro Morgannwg) “(the) end / edge (of) Deulwyn”) has a local form Pendoulan, from which the English name Pendoylan is taken.

 

The name deulwyn is ‘two groves’ (deu-, penult form of dau = two) + soft mutation + (llwyn = bush, grove, small wood).

 

In the south-east, ou is the pronunciation of eu – in fact, the retention of an older pronunciation superseded by eu

5 glas y llwyn (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) bluebell

 

“(the) blue [plant] (of) the wood”

(glas = blue [plant]) + (y = the) + (llwyn = wood)

 

There is a street in Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg) called Glas-y-llwyn (spelt ‘Glas y Llwyn’)

 

7910_hyacinthoides-non-scripta_glas-y-llwyn_120925

(delwedd 7910)

 

:_______________________________.

llwynaidd lhuin-edh› adjective
1
shrubby, pertaining to bushes

ETYMOLOGY: (llwyn = bush) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

llwyn celyn lhuin kê-lin›
1
holly bush, holly grove, holly wood
2
Y Llwyn Celyn The Hollybush = name of a public house

ETYMOLOGY: (llwyn = bush, grove, small wood) + (celyn = hollies)

:_______________________________.

Llwyncelyn lhuin kê-lin›
1
house name

2
street name
(1) Llwyncelyn, Y Betws (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

(2) Llwyncelyn, Fforest-fach (county of Abertawe)

(3) Rhestr Llwyncelyn, Ffosygerddinen (county of Caerffili) (Official name: Llwyncelyn Terrace)

(4) Coedlan Llwyncelyn Pontarddulais (county of Abertawe) (Official name: Llwyncelyn Avenue)

(5) Heol Llwyncelyn Gwauncaegurwen (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (Official name: Llwyncelyn Road)

(6) Heol Llwyncelyn Y Porth (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (Official name: Llwyncelyn Road)

(7) Heol Llwyncelyn Bryn-coch, Castell-nedd (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)

3
SN4459 locality in the county of Ceredigion, 4km south-west of Aberaeron, on the road from Llanarth to Aberaeron

4
name of a farm and of a district in Y Porth (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

5
ST0174 locality in the county of Bro Morgannwg (English name: Hollybush)

6
ST2893 locality in the county of Torfaen (English name: Hollybush)

7
SJ4044 locality in the county of Wrecsam (English name: Holly Bush)

8
SO1603 locality in the county of Caerffili (English name: Hollybush)

ETYMOLOGY: See llwyn celyn

:_______________________________.

llwyn deri lhuin dê -ri› masculine noun
1
oak wood, oak grove
Heol Llwynderi (Llwynderi Road) street name in Casnewydd

ETYMOLOGY: (llwyn = grove, small wood) + (deri = oak trees)

:_______________________________.

Llwyn-grug [ˌɬuin ˡgriːg]
1 place name
..a/ street name in Caer-dydd / Cardiff (spelt “Llwyn Grug”)
..b/ house name in Gwalchmai (Ynys Môn) (spelt “Llwyn Grug”)
..c/ farm name, Llangadfan (Powys) ) (“Llwyngrug”)
..d/ house name, Mynyddsylen, Llan-non, Llanelli (Caerfyrddin) (“Llwyngrug”)

ETYMOLOGY: “clump of heather” (llwyn = grove, clump) + (grug = heather)

:_______________________________.

llwyn gwern lhuin gwern› masculine noun
1
alder grove, alder wood
Llwyn-gwern street name in Pen-coed (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (“Llwyn Gwern”)

ETYMOLOGY: (llwyn = grove, small wood) + (deri = oak trees)

:_______________________________.

llwynog lhui -nog› m
PLURAL
llwynogod lhui- nô -god›
(North Wales and literary Welsh)
1 fox, family Canidae, genus Vulpes

Eseciel 13:4 Dy broffwydi, Israel, ydynt fel llwynogod yn yr anialwch
Ezekiel 13:4 O Israel, thy prophets are like the foxes in the deserts.

2 (North Wales) cyfrwys fel llwynog as sly as a fox, as cunning as a fox, as artful as a monkey (in the south: “fel cadno” = like a fox)

ETYMOLOGY: “bushy (animal)” (referring to the tail)

(llwyn = bush) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)

NOTE: South: cadno
The colloquial form in south-east Wales is canddo
kan-dho›
From a personal name.

 

Both ‘llwynog’ and ‘cadno’ seem to suggest lexical replacement from the avoidance of an original word which was considered taboo.
:_______________________________.

Llwyn-onn lhuin-ON›

1 A street SO2140 in Llanigon (Brycheiniog, Powys) (misspelt as “Llwynonn”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/471044 Llwyn-onn

ETYMOLOGY: y llwyn onn “the grove (of) ash-trees”, “ash grove”

(y definite article) + (llwyn = grove) + (-onn ash trees, singular onnen = ash tree)

:_______________________________.

Llwyn y Pia lhuin-ə- pi -a› (non-settlement name)
1 place name (now lost) in Y Rhath, Caer-dydd. According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911):

“LLWYN-Y-PIA (the pye’s bush.) A piece of land between Allen’s Bank and Pen-y-waun, two furlongs east of the northern boundary of the Borough (map 1830).”

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) wood (of) the magpie”, magpie wood)
(llwyn = wood, grove) + (y = the) + (pia = magpie)

:_______________________________.

Llwynypia lhuin-ə- pi -a› (settlement name)

7285_CYMRU_OREN_llwynypia_091216
(delwedd 7285)

1
locality in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf
(1971) population: 7,335; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 12%

Local form Llwmpia
lhum-PII-a› , Llwnpia lhun-PII-a›

Na randibw! O’dd i’n wa’th na Ffair Llwnpia. (Ni’n Doi / 1918 / Author: Glynfab / t39)
What a to-do! It was worse than Llwynypia Fair

2 place name, Llys-faen, Caer-dydd. According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911):

“LLWYN-Y-PIA (the pye’s bush.) A farm in the parish of Lisvane.”
It survives in a road name in Llys-faen - Heol Llwynypia (officially: Llwyn y Pia Road)

3 Place name, Caer-dydd. (See the preceding entry Llwyn y Pia)

John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911):
LLWYN-Y-PIA (the pye's bush.) A piece of land between Allen's Bank and Pen-y-waun, two furlongs east of the northern boundary of the Borough (map of 1850.) Also a farm in the parish of Lisvane.

4 farm at Penycoetgae ST0687 (county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf)

ETYMOLOGY: See previous entry Llwyn y Pia

NOTE: The reduction to Llwnpia noted from Glynfab’s text (or perhaps the pronuciation was more exactly Llwmpia) is of a similar nature to Twm Barlwm (an Iron-Age hillfort near Rhisga).

This is
Twyn Barlwm (“(the) mound (on the) Barlwm (mountain)”)

Before the tonic vowel, the diphthong wy [ui] has been reduced to the simple vowel [u]
twn Barlwm, llwn pia

There is also assimilation of the n to the following b, as in careless pronunciations in English such as Banbury (Oxfordshire) > Bambry

Hence twm Barlwm, (and presumably) llwm pia

:_______________________________.

Llwynypiod lhuin-ə-PII-od› (settlement name)
1
farm SN9550 by Y Garth, Powys

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN9550

2 SN1747 Llwynpiod

village in Ceredigion “(the) grove (of) the magpies”, “magpie grove”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/689117

7061_CYMRU_OREN_pia_081107

(delwedd 7061)

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) wood (of) the magpies”, magpie wood)
(llwyn = wood, grove) + (y = the) + (piod = magpies, plural of pioden = magpie)

:_______________________________.

Llwynyreos lhuin-ər- ê -os› (settlement name)
1
place name (?now lost), Caer-dydd. According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911):
“LLWYN-YR-EOS (the nightingale’s bush.) A farm in the parish of Pentyrch.”

2
street name
..a/ Treforus (county of Abertawe)
..b/ Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
..c/ Abercannaid (county of Merthyrtudful)
..d/ Ffosygerddinen (county of Caerffili)
..e/ Penparcau, Aberystwyth (county of Ceredigion)

7286_CYMRU_OREN_llwynyreos_091216

(delwedd 7286)

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) grove / wood / bush (of) the nightingale”, nightingale grove)
(llwyn = wood, grove, bush) + (yr = the) + (eos = nightingale)

:_______________________________.

llwyr LHUIR› (adjective)
1
complete
cael llwyr iachâd make a full recovery
cael iachâd llwyr make a full recovery
bod wedi cael iachâd llwyr have made a full recovery

2
yn llwyr = completely

:_______________________________.

llwyt- lhuit› adjective
1
form of llwyd (= grey, brown) before g in compounds
llwytgoch = russet
llwytgoed = grey wood

:_______________________________.

llwytgoed LHUIT-goid, LHUIT-god,›
masculine noun

1
grey wood

2
place names
Llwytgoed (qv)

Caerlwytgoed (qv) Lichfield, Staffordshire, England.
In fact, the name originally referred to Wall, a village 3km south-west of the centre of the city of Lichfield, where there are the remains of a Roman camp. The Roman name was Letocetum, from British *lêto-kêton. The first syllable of the name “Lichfield” incorporates the British name, to which is added “field” = open country)

ETYMOLOGY: Llwytgoed (llwyd = grey) + soft mutation + (coed = wood), with the devoicing of “d” - llwydgoed > llwytgoed - see t-g.
As the Latin place name shows, the compound already existed in British.

NOTE: The poor spelling Llwydcoed is common. Cf coedcae, a similarly defective spelling for the same reason, which ought to be coetgae (= enclosed upland pasture)

:_______________________________.

Llwytgoed lhuit -god›
NOTE: The form “Llwydcoed” is a misspelling

1
Llwytgoed SN9904 locality in the county of Rhondda Cynon Taf (South-east Wales)
on the road from Aber-dâr to Merthyrtudful 2km north of Aber-dâr
(1961): Population: 10,916; Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 37%
(1971); Population: 11,730; Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 25%

Mynydd Llwytgoed hill pasture by Llwytgoed

2
Llwytgoed locality in Llandrillo, county of Dinbych

3
Llwytgoed (a lost name?) locality in Llantrisant (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911): “Llwyd-coed (grey wood.) Land in the parish of Llantrisant (1547)”

4
Llwytgoed street name in Pant-mawr, Caer-dydd (though the official name is the impossible “Llwyd Coed”) (which in this form – as two words and the soft mutation lacking - means if anything ‘(the) sparrow (of) (the) wood’!

5 Caerlwytgoed Welsh name for Litchfield
In Marwnad Cynddylan, The Death-song for Cynddylan / The Lament for Cynddylan, it is siad that “Caer Luytcoed” was captured by pagans, that is, Mercians from the east expanding their territory westwards into the lands of the Welsh.

The name comes from “Leto-keto-n” (Letocetum in Latin), the name of a Romano-British village at Wall, 3 miles to the south of present-day Litchfield. Llwytgoed is the modern Welsh equivalent of Leto-ket-, and which is represented by Lich- in the name Lichfield. .
(caer = Roman town) + soft mtation + (Llwytgoed)

6 Sparrow is aderyn llwyd ‘brown / grey bird’ or simply llwyd (m) (or llwydyn), and in the plural llwydiaid

:_______________________________.

1 llwyth, llwythau LHUITH, LHUI the› (masculine noun)
1
tribe

:_______________________________.

2 llwyth, llwythi LHUITH, LHUI thi› (masculine noun)
1
load
Dau lwyth cert o datws two cartloads of potatoes

2 Mae aml lwyth wedi troi yn y porth
Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched
(“many a load has rolled over at the (city) gate”)

:_______________________________.

llwythog LHUI thog› (adjective)
1
loaded

:_______________________________.

llwytyn, llwytod LHUI tin, LHUI tod› (masculine noun)
1
(South Wales) sparrow (‘little grey (bird) ‘)

:_______________________________.

llyad lhii -ad› masculine noun
1 lick, lap; act of licking (district of Arfon (county of Gwynedd, north-west))
See llyfiad

:_______________________________.

llychwan lhəkh-wan› masculine noun
1
south-eastern form of llechfaen = slab; bakestone, iron bakestone

:_______________________________.

llychwin lhəkh -win› adjective
1
obsolete tarnished; soiled; dusty

2
although the word llychwin is obsolete, in modern Welsh it is to be seen in dilychwin (= spotless, immaculate) (di- = privative prefix) + soft mutation + (llychwin = muddy)

ETYMOLOGY: (llych- = penult form of llwch ; in older Welsh = mud; in modern Welsh = dust) + (unknown element -win)


:_______________________________.

llydan LHƏ dan› (adjective)
1
wide

lydan soft-mutated form of llydan (= wide)

heol lydan, PLURAL heolydd llydain / llydan a wide street

rhyd lydan, PLURAL rhydiau llydain / llydan a wide ford

 

Garnlydan SO1612 village in Blaenau Gwent

y garn lydan the wide cairn / tumulus / rock

2 pa mor llydan...? how wide..?

3
llostlydan
..1 beaver;
..2 (adjective) wide-tailed
(llost = tail) + soft mutation + ( llydan = wide)

 

See:

Garreglydan
(qv) (“wide stone, broad stone”) (farm name, county of Y Fflint),

Llech Lydan
(qv) (“wide rock, broad rock”) (name of a sea rock west of Llithfaen, Gwynedd)

Rhydlydan (qv) (“wide ford, broad ford”) (various places)

:_______________________________.

llydanbig lhə- dan -big› adj
1 wide-beaked
hwyaden lydanbig (Anas clypeata) shoveller, spoonbill duck
(hwyaden = duck) + soft mutation + (llydanbig = wide-beaked

2 llydanbig (eg) plural: llydanbigau
lhə DAN big, lhə dan BI ge› (masculine noun)
..a/ spoonbill (in general)
..b/ (Platalea leucorodia) Eurasian spoonbill

ETYMOLOGY: (llydan = wide, broad) + soft mutation + (pig = beak)

:_______________________________.

llydandroed lhə DAN droid› (adjective)
1
broad-footed

ETYMOLOGY: (llydan = wide, broad) + soft mutation + (troed = foot)

:_______________________________.

Llydaw LHƏ dau› (feminine noun)
1
Brittany

:_______________________________.

Llydaweg lhə DAU eg› (feminine noun, adjective)
1
Breton (language)

:_______________________________.

Llydawiad, Llydawiaid lhə DAU yad, lhə DAU yed› (masculine noun)
1
Breton (person)

:_______________________________.

llydnod LHƏD nod› (plural noun)
1
young sheep; see llwdn

:_______________________________.


llydnu lhəd -ni› (berf)
1
(verb without an object) give birth (to a calf, a lamb, foal, etc); calve, lamb, foal, etc

Salmau 29:9 Llef yr ARGLWYDD a wna i’r ewigod lydnu, ac a ddinoetha y coedydd: ac yn ei deml pawb a draetha ei ogoniant ef.
Psalms 29:9 The voice of the LORD maketh the hinds to calve, and discovereth the forests: and in his temple doth every one speak of his glory.

Mae’r gaseg yn llydnu
The mare is having a foal

ETYMOLOGY: (llwdn = young animal) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

llyfad lhov -ad› (masculine noun)
1 lick, lap; act of licking (district of Arfon (county of Gwynedd, north-west))
See llyfiad

:_______________________________.

llyfiad lhov -yad› (masculine noun)
PLURAL
llyfiadau lhov- yaa -de›
1 lick, lap; act of licking

llyfiad cariadus y ci affection lick of the dog

cael llyfiad ar eich croen be content (“receive a lick / licking on your skin”)

2 gweinlyfiad cunnilingus (gweinlyf- arrel de gweinlyfu = perform cunnilingus) + (-llyfu to lick) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)

NOTE: district of Arfon (county of Gwynedd, north-west) llyfad, llyad

:_______________________________.

llyffaint lhə-faint›
1
plural of llyfant = toad, frog

Salmau 78:45 Anfonodd gymysgbla yn eu plith, yr hon a'u difaodd hwynt; a llyffaint i'w difetha
Psalm 78:45 He sent divers sorts of flies among them, which devoured them; and frogs, which destroyed them.


:_______________________________.

llyffan lhə-fan› masculine noun
1
a southern form of llyffant (= frog) (loss of the final t)

:_______________________________.

llyffant lhə -fant› masculine noun
PLURAL
llyffantod, llyffaint lhə- fan-tod, lhə-faint›
1
(North Wales) (in general) llyffant = frog, especially the “common frog” (Rana temporaria), known also in English as the “European common frog”

2 (South Wales) llyffant = toad, especially the “common toad” (Bufo bufo), known also in English as the “European common toad”

7213a_Rana_temporania_wikipedia_090810...7214a_Bufo_bufo_llyffant_du_081202

(delwedd 7213a) (delwedd 7214a)

3 (North Wales) (more specifically) “anuran” (= tail-less amphibian of the order Anura (“without tail”)); a “frog-or-toad”

In fact scientifically there is no distinction between "frogs" and "toads”, though in English certain characteristics mean they are seen to be one or the other – for example, a frog jumps and its spawn forms clusters; a toad crawls and its spawn forms strings.

In North Wales, a frog is called llyffant melyn (Rana temporaria) "yellow anuran”, “yellow frog-or-toad" to distguish it from the toad, llyffant du (Bufo bufo) "black anuran”, “black frog-or-toad"

4 Bufo bufo or the common toad is thus North: llyffant du; South: llyffant. But the standard Welsh name is llyffant dafadennog "warty toad"

5 In the north llyffant by itself is understood generally to be a frog.

In the south a frog is broga (qv), a word borrowed from English c1500-1600

Standard names for types of frog have a Northern and Southern version:
..1/ llyffant bwytadwy (North) or broga bwytadwy (South) (Rana escuelenta) edible frog
..2/ llyffant y dŵr (North) or broga’r dŵr (South) (Rana lessonae) pool frog
..3/ llyffant y gors (North) or broga’r gors (South) (Rana ridibunda) marsh frog

5
In the Welsh Bible, a llyffant is a frog (the translators of the Bible were Northerners)

Salmau 78:45 Anfonodd gymysgbla yn eu plith, yr hon a'u difaodd hwynt; a llyffaint i'w difetha
Psalm 78:45 He sent divers sorts of flies among them, which devoured them; and frogs, which destroyed them.

6 grifft llyffant frogspawn (“spawn (of) frog”)

llys llyffant
frogspawn (“slime (of) frog”)

(North Wales) jeli llyffant frogspawn (“jelly (of) frog”)

7216_grifft_llyfant_wikipedia_081202
 (delwedd 7216)

7 llyffant y twyni Bufo calamita (“toad (of) the sand-dunes”) natterjack toad

8 marchlyffant bullfrog
marchlyffant Americanaidd (Rana catesbeiana) American bullfrog

7215_Rana_catesbeiana_marchlyffant_wikipedia_081202
(delwedd 7215)

7 y llyffant! (insult) you cur! you toad!
Cau dy ben rhag cywilydd, y llyffant Shut your mouth, for shame’s sake, you toad!

8
comparisons;
oer fel llyffant “as cold as a frog”

Mae fy nhraed i mor oer â llyffaint My feet are as cold as ice (“as cold as frogs”)

mor lew â llyffant (Ceredigion) “as brave as a frog”

cau ceg fel llyffant shut up (“shut (one’s) mouth like a frog”)

(in the district of Arfon, now part of the county of Gwynedd),

fel llyffant mis Medi shut up like a clam, clammed up (“like a September frog”)

9
cic llyffant (swimming) type of kick in the bresat stroke, similar to the way of swimming of a frog

10
(North Wales) frog of a horse's hoof = V-shaped band of horn

11
llyffant y môr (Cottus bubakis) fatherlasher - short-spined sea scorpion

12 llam llyffant (children’s game) leapfrog, where one child bends forward and another leaps over from behind

13 (Philaenus spumarius) llyffant y gwair froghopper (“(the) frog (of) the grass”)
Also: sboncyn llyffant

14
mae hi’n ddigon oer i rewi llyffantod It’s freezing cold (“cold enough to freeze frogs”)

ETYMOLOGY: Probably British < Celtic.

Cognates occur in Cornish (place name Poll-lefant “pool (of the) frog”, Englished as "Polyphant"); and in Middle Breton (as a name: Eudo Leffant).

The word lafan for a frog in Middle Irish is a loanword from Welsh

NOTE: (South Wales) also with the loss of the final "t";
llyffant > llyffan,
llyffantod > llyffannod
llyffaint
> llyffain

:_______________________________.

llyffant dafadennog lhə -fant› masculine noun
PLURAL
llyffantod dafadennog, llyffaint dafadennog lhə- fan-tod, lhə-faint›

.7214_Bufo_bufo_llyffant_du_081202

 (delwedd 7214)

ETYMOLOGY: llyffant dafadennog "warty toad" (llyffant = toad) + (dafadennog = warty < dafaden = wart; little sheep)

NOTE: In North Wales this is
llyffant du (“black frog-or-toad”)

:_______________________________.

llyfn LHII vin› (adjective)
1
smooth

2
dilin pure, fine, refined; polished
dilin < dilyn < dilyfn (di- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (llyfn = smooth)
Generally in the expression aur dilin fine gold

Job 28:17 Nid aur a grisial a’i cystadla hi; na llestr o aur dilin fydd gydwerth iddi
Job 28:17 The gold and the crystal cannot equal it: and the exchange of it shall not be for jewels of fine gold.

Aur dilin yw distawrwydd Silence is golden (“(it-is”) fine gold that-is silence”)

:_______________________________.

llyfnhâd lhəvn-haad› masculine noun
1
smoothing

ETYMOLOGY: (llyfnha-, stem of llyfnháu = to smooth) + (-ad suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

llyfnháu lhəvn-hai› verb
1
smooth

ETYMOLOGY: (llyfn = smooth) + (-hau suffix for forming verbs from adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Llyfni lhəv -ni›
1
Afon Llyfni SH4852 flowing west from the lake Llyn Nantlle Uchaf through Tal-y-sarn to Pontllyfni, into the Bay called Bae Caernarfon, 4km south-west of Llandwrog

Pontllyfni SH4352 “(the) bridge (over the river) Llyfni”, 11km south-west of Caernarfon

Llanllyfni SH4752 (“(the) church (by the river) Llyfni”) village on banks of Llyfni river, 11km south-west of Caernarfon

7077_CYMRU_OREN_llynfi_081117
(delwedd 7077)

2
A pseudo-historical form of the name is Llyfnwy (qv)

In Tal-y-sarn there is a street called Maesllyfnwy “Maes Llyfnwy” (“(the) field (by the river) Llyfni”)

ETYMOLOGY: (llyfn = smooth) + (suffix -i)

NOTE: See also Llynfi, the name of two rivers in the south of the country. Metathesis [vn] > [nv] has occurred Llyfni > Llynfi

:_______________________________.

Llyfnwy lhəv-nui›
1
Pseudo-historical form of the name Llyfni

In the early 1800s when it was supposed that all river names at one time ended in -wy, from gwy meaning ‘water’. In fact, there is no such word (though its popularity no doubt stems from its inclusion in the dictionary of William Owen-Pughe, 1793; it seems to be his own coining).

Many river names though (for various reasons) do have a final syllable wy, which explains the misunderstanding

..a/ Llynfi (historically Llyfni) SS 8983 A river rising north of the town of Maes-teg, runs southwards through the town and flows into the Ogwr 4 km north of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr.

In an eisteddfod in Y Llwyni (“the bushes”) in 1839 (officially known today as Maes-teg, a name adopted in 1887), it was suggested that the town be known after the river name Llyfnwy.

The name remained popular with local literary figures, and Llyfnwy was the bardic name of a local historian Thomas Morgan.

..b/ Afon Llyfni SH4852 flowing west from the lake Llyn Nantlle Uchaf through Tal-y-sarn to Pontllyfni, into the Bay called Bae Caernarfon, 4km south-west of Llandwrog

The pseudo-historical form Llyfnwy is found in the name of a street in Tal-y-sarn called Maesllyfnwy “Maes Llyfnwy” (“(the) field (by the river) Llyfni”)

Y brif afon sydd yn rhedeg drwy'r dyffryn yw Afon Llyfnwy neu Llyfni, a'i tharddiad yn y pen dwyreiniol i'r dyffryn o Lyn Bwlch-y-Moch uwchlaw pentref Drws-y-Coed

The main river flowing through the valley is Afon Llyfnwy or Llyfni, with its source in the eastern end of the valley from the lake of Bwlch-y-moch above the village of Drws-y-coed
Thomas Alan Williams / Afonydd Nantlle, “Baladeulyn Ddoe a Heddiw”
http://www.nantlle.com/hanes-nantlle-baladeulyn.htm#1

:_______________________________.

llyfr, llyfrau LHI vir, LHI vre› (masculine noun) (pronounced as if “llyfyr”)
1
book

2
llyfr y bywyd the book of life, a list of all those chosen for Heaven

Philipiaid 4:3
Ac yr ydwyf yn dymuno arnat tithau, fy ngwir gymar, cymorth y gwragedd hynny y rhai yn yr efengyl a gydlafuriasant à mi, ynghyd â Chlement hefyd, a'm cyd-weithwyr eraill, y rhai y mae eu henwau yn llyfr y bywyd.
Philippians 4:3 And I entreat thee also, true yokefellow, help those women which laboured with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and with other my fellowlabourers, whose names are in the book of life.

3
siop lyfrau plural siopau llyfrau bookshop
(“shop (of) books”) (siop = shop) + soft mutation + (llyfrau books, plural of llyfr = book)

NOTE: (South Wales) llyfr (= books) > llyfyr. In some areas it has become llyfyr, possibly conditioned by the word llythyr = letter, and maybe also myfyr ( a literary word = meditation, consideration, thought)

:_______________________________.

llyfrbryf lhəvr -briv› masculine noun
PLURAL
llyfrbryfed lhəvr- brə -ved›

1
booklouse = small insect which feeds on the paste of book binding

2
bookworm = person who spends a lot of time reading books

ETYMOLOGY: (llyfr-, penult form of llyfr = book) + soft mutation + (pryf = insect)

:_______________________________.

llyfr darllen lhi vir DAR lhen› (masculine noun)
1
reading book

:_______________________________.

llyfr emynau lhi vir e MƏ ne› (masculine noun)
1
hymn book

:_______________________________.

llyfrfa lhəvr -va› feminine noun
PLURAL
llyfrfaoedd lhəvr- vâ -odh›
1
publishing house, publisher’s

2
publishing house of a religious denomination; Llyfrfa’r Methodistiaid = Methodist Press

3
government publishing house; Llyfrfa Ei Mawrhydi Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, the printing house of the English state (“publishing house of Her Majesty”)

4
(obsolete) library (the word in general use today is llyfrgell)

In the list of subscribers to the memorial volume to the poet Twynog published in 1912 (Twynog - Cyfrol Goffa y diweddar T. Twynog Jeffreys, Rhymni) there is Llyfrfa Ebenezer, Rhymni (the library of the Ebenezer Calvanistic Methodist chapel in Twyncarno, Rhymni).

There is also mention of two free libraries
Llyfrfa Rydd, Casnewydd and Llyfrfa Rydd, Rhymni

(llyfrfa rydd = free library, that is, one not restricted to members who pay a subscription but instead is for the use of the general public without charge)

ETYMOLOGY: “place (of) books” (llyfr = book) + (-fa suffix = place)

:_______________________________.

llyfrgell, llyfrgelloedd LHƏVR gelh, lhəvr GE lhodh› (feminine noun)
1
library = public library, institution for the storage, reading and loan of books
llyfrgell gyhoeddus public library

:_______________________________.

llyfrgellydd, llyfrgellyddion lhəvr GE lhidh, lhƏvr ge LHƏDH yon› (masculine noun)
1
librarian

:_______________________________.

llyfrgellyddiaeth lhəvr-gelh-ədh-yeth› feminine noun
1
(USA: library science) (Englandic: librarianship) = study of organising and running libraries
coleg llyfrgellyddiaeth college of librarianship
ETYMOLOGY: (llyrfgellydd = librarian) + (-i-aeth suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

Llyfr Gweddi Gyffredin lhi vir GWE dhi gə FRE din› (masculine noun)
1
Book of Common Prayer
Abbreviation: LlGG

:_______________________________.

llyfr nodiadau lhi vir no di YA de› (masculine noun)
1
notebook

:_______________________________.

llyfrothen lhə- vro -then› feminine noun
PLURAL
llyfrothennod lhə-vro- the -nod›
(North-west Wales) llothan, llothynnan (f) llythod

1 (Pholis gunnellus) butterfish = fish with a golden-brown scaleless skin, and a row of black spots at the bottom of dorsal fin

http://www.flickr.com/photos/arne/2955588147/

2
llyfrothen dŵr croyw (f), llyfrothod dŵr croyw (Gobio gobio) gudgeon

7053_Gobio_gobio_wikipedia_081111
(delwedd 7053)

3
(district of Arfon, North-west Wales) lazy woman, untidy woman

ETYMOLOGY: Possibly “cowardly gaper”, “cowardly fish which gapes”; or “cowardly greedy fish”
llyfrothen < *llyfr-rothen
(llyfr- tonic or pretonic form of llwfr) + (rhoth, feminine form of rhwth = gaping; greedy) + (-en suffix added to an adjective to make a noun, usually referring to a female)

:_______________________________.

llyfr ysgrifennu lhi vir ə skri VE ni› (masculine noun)
1
exercise book

:_______________________________.

llyfu LHƏ vi› verb
South Wales: llyo

1
to lick

2
llyfu esgidiau rhywun lick someone’s boots

3 gweinlyfu to perform cunnilingus; (action) cunnilingus
”vagina lick” (gwein- < gwain = sheath, vagina) + soft mutation + (-llyfu to lick)

:_______________________________.

llygad, llygaid LHƏ gad, LHO ged / LHƏ gid› (masculine noun)
1
eye

2
Rych chi’n llygad eich lle ən LHƏ gad i LHEE› (adverb) You’re quite right
(you’re in the eye of your place / centre of your place’)

3
bod â’ch llygad ar eich cyfle be on the lookout for your chance (to do something)

4
tynnu’r dŵr o’ch llygaid make your eyes water (“draw water from your eyes”)
Roedd y mwg yn tynnu’r dŵr o’n llygaid The smoke was making my eyes water


5
Mae pob peth wrth lygad lleidr Opportunity makes the thief
(“everything is in the eye of a thief”)

6
twll llygad PLURAL: tyllau llygaid eye socket (“hole (of) eye”)

7
clawr llygad eyelid (“lid / cover (of) eye”)

8
cadw’ch llygaid yn eich gwegil to have a blinkered attitude (“to keep your eyes in the back of your neck”)

9 tynnu dŵr o’ch llygaid make (your) eyes water (“draw water from your eyes”)
Roedd y mwg yn tynnu dŵr o’n llyged The smoke was making my eyes water
Bu’r yr awel yn brathu nes tynnu dŵr o'm llygaid i The wind was so sharp it made my eyes water (“the wind bit until it drew water from my eyes”)

10
troi'r llygad heibio look the other way, turn a blind eye

11
one-eyed:

..a/ (South Wales) naill lygad = one-eyed

..b/ un llygad
iin lhə-gad› one-eyed
(un = un) + soft mutation + ( llygad = eye) > *unlygeidiog > unllygeidiog

..c/ Also: unllygeidiog
in-lhə-geid-yog›

12
dilyn y llwybr llygad go the shortest way (“follow the path (of) eye”)

13
yn wyneb haul llygad goleuni in broad daylight (“in (the) face (of) (the) sun (which is) (the) eye (of) light”)

14
cadw llygad am look out for, keep an eye out for

15
source (of a stream) spring of water; headspring;

Iago 3:11 A ydyw ffynnon o’r un llygad yn rhoi dwfr melys a chwerw?
James 3:11 Doth a fountain send forth at the same place sweet water and bitter?

Also in place names in the South Llygad Cleddy, Llygad Rheidol, Llygad Rhymni, etc

Llygad Ϋw source of the Ϋw stream


Celtic Folklore Welsh And Manx John Rhys (1901): The chief source of this water is called Llygad Yw, and gives its name to a house of some pretensions bearing an inscription showing that it was built in its present form about the middle of the seventeenth century by a member of the Gunter family well known in the history of the county.

Near the house stands a yew tree on the boundary line of the garden, and close to its trunk, but at a lower level, is a spring of bubbling water: this is Llygad Yw, ‘the Eye of the Yw.? For Llygad Yw is a succinct expression for the source of the Yw burn, and the stream retains the name Yw to its fall into the Rhiangoll; but besides the spring of Llygad Yw it has several other similar sources in the fields near the house.

There is nothing, however, in this brook to account for the name of Ystrad Yw having been extended to an important district; but if one traces its short course one will at once guess the explanation.

For a few fields below Llygad Yw is the hamlet of the Gaer or fortress, consisting of four farm houses called the Upper, Middle, and Lower Gaer, and Pen y Gaer: through this hamlet of the Gaer flows the Yw. These, and more especially Pen y Gaer, are supposed to have been the site of a Roman camp of considerable importance, and close by it the Yw is supposed to have been crossed by the Roman road proceeding towards Brecon. The camp in the Strath of the Yw was the head quarters of the ruling power in the district, and hence the application of the name of Ystrad Yw to a wider area.

But for our story one has to regard the name as confined to the land about the Yw burn, or at most to a somewhat larger portion of the parish of Cwm Du, to which the Yw and Tretower belong. The position of the Gaer in Ystrad Yw at the foot of the Bwlch or the gap in the difficult mountain spur stretching down towards the Usk is more likely to have been selected by the Romans than by any of the Celtic inhabitants, whose works are to be found on several of the neighbouring hills, such as Myarth between the Yw and the Usk.                      

 




16
Dyw e’n ddim ond dwy lygad a thrwyn (South) he’s all skin and bone (“He is nothing but two eyes and a nose”)

:_______________________________.

llygad-dyst lhə-gad-dist› masculine noun
PLURAL
llygad-dystion lhə-gad dost-ye›
1 eye-witness = person who has observed an event and who
can explain what has happened

ETYMOLOGY: (llygad = eye) + soft mutation + (tyst witness)

:_______________________________.

llygadog lhə-gâ-dog› adjective
1
big-eyed, having large eyes

2 sharp-eyed, having good vision

3 careful, observant, hawk-eyed

Y NADOLIG. EISTEDDFOD SHENANDOAH, PA

Y DRYCH. 9 Ionawr 1890

 

Fel beirniad craff a llygadog - a dyn

Sy'n dweyd yn odidog,

Dyn glân a'i gân fel y gog,

Y model yw Apmadog.

(Cynonfardd)

As a keen-eyed and observant adjudicator – and a man

Who says / speaks splendidly

A good fellow and his song like the cuckoo

The model is Apmadog.

(Author: Cynonfardd)

(Apmadoc was a a noted singer, conductor, adjudicator, publisher and campaigner for temperance born in South Wales in 1849, who emigrtaed to the USA in 1878)

(Madoc is in fact a Cymricised spelling of the Englished form of the name, Maddock; the englyn (verse) uses the Welsh form Madog).


4 sharp-eyed, perspicacious = able to spot an opportunity

5 (soup) having globules of fat floating on the surface
cawl bras llygadog thick greasy soup

ETYMOLOGY: (llygad = eye) + (-og), in fact, as it has equivalent forms in the other British languages, it must be a derivative form carried down from British times; Cornish lagazeg (= having large eyes, sharp-sighted), Breton lagadek (= having large eyes)

:_______________________________.

llygadrythu lhə-gad rə -thi› verb
1
(verb without an object) stare
llygadrythu ar = stare at
llygadrythu ar rywun yn atgasgive somebody a nasty stare

2 (verb without an object) watch, observe keenly

ETYMOLOGY: (llygad = eye) + soft mutation + (rhythu = to stare )

:_______________________________.

llygadu lhə- GAA -di› verb
1
eye; take a good look at

2 llygadu'r merched = eye up the women, consider the sexual attractiveness of the women

3 judge, examine; form an opinion by looking at
llygadu'r fuwch look at the cow

4 remove eyes from potatoes in order to plant them

ETYMOLOGY: (llygad = eye) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

llygad y dydd, llygaid y dydd lhə gad ə DIIDH, lhə ged ə DIIDH› (masculine noun)
1
daisy (‘eye of the day’, same as the English - daisy < day’s eye)

:_______________________________.

llygad y geiniog lhə-gad gein -yog› masculine noun
1
“(the) eye (of) the penny” miser; (adjective) miserly, stingy, frugal

edrych yn llygad y geiniog count the pennies, be frugal, practise thrift (“look in (the) eye (of) the penny”

Ieuan lygad y geiniog (also Ieuan llygad y geiniog) miser

Siôn lygad y geiniog (also Siôn llygad y geiniog) miser

ETYMOLOGY: (llygad = eye) + (y = the) + soft mutation + (ceiniog = penny)

:_______________________________.

llygad yr haul lhə-gad ər hail› masculine noun
1
sunny spot, a place in the sunlight

2
direct sunlight

Rhaid cadw’r condoms rywle sydd ddim yn rhy boeth ac o lygad yr haul
The condoms should be kept somewhere which is not too hot, and away from direct sunlight

3
edrych i lygad yr haul / syllu i lygad yr haul look straight into the sun

Yn ôl Pliny yr eryr yw'r unig aderyn all syllu i lygad yr haul heb gael ei ddallu
According to Pliny the eagle is the only bird which can look straight into the sun and not be blinded

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) eye (of) the sun” (llygad = eye) + (yr = the) + (haul = sun)

:_______________________________.

Llygad-yr-haul lhə-gad ər hail›
1
house name and street name (sunny spot, a place in the sunlight)
House name, Pen-isa’r-waun, Caernarfon

Street name in the following places:

1
/ Bryn-coch (county of Castell-nedd i Aberafan)
2
/ Morfa-glas, Glyn-nedd (county of Castell-nedd i Aberafan)
3
/ Porthtywyn (county of Caerfyrddin)
4
/ town of Caerfyrddin
5
/ Blaenauffestiniog (county of Gwynedd)

ETYMOLOGY: See preceding entry

NOTE: In settlement-type names the elements should be written together as one name – hence llygad yr haul > Llygad-yr-haul rather than Llygad yr Haul

:_______________________________.

llygaid LHƏ ged, LHƏ gid› (plural noun)
1
eyes; see llygad

:_______________________________.

llygatddu lhə- gat -dhi› adjective
1
blackeyed

ETYMOLOGY: llygatddu < llygád-ddu (llygad = eye) + soft mutation + (du = black)

:_______________________________.

llygatgam lhə- gat -gam› adjective
1
cross-eyed, squint-eyed

ETYMOLOGY: llygatgam < llygád-gam (llygad = eye) + soft mutation + (cam = crooked, bent)

:_______________________________.

llygatgoch lhə- gat -gokh› adjective
1
red-eyed
telor llygatgoch (Vireo olivaceus) red-eyed vireo


ETYMOLOGY: llygatgoch < llygád-goch (llygad = eye) + soft mutation + (coch = red)

:_______________________________.

llygatgroes lhə- gat -grois› adjective
1
cross-eyed, squint-eyed

ETYMOLOGY: llygatgroes < llygád-groes (llygad = eye) + soft mutation + (croes = across)

:_______________________________.

llygedyn lhə-gê-din› masculine noun
PLURAL
llygedynnau lhə-ge-də-ne›
1
eyelet

2
little bit, tiniest bit
llygedyn o dân a glimmer of fire
llygedyn o iraid globule of fat (“eyelet of fat”)
llygedyn o olau a glimmer of light

3
(sleep) yr un llygedyn the tiniest bit
Chysges i’r un llygedyn neithwr
I didn’t get a wink of sleep last night

4
ray, glimmer (light, hope)
llygedyn o obaith glimmer of hope

5
in a number of expressions meaning “patch of sunlight; period of sunshine between showers”
llygedyn haul,
llygedyn o haul,
llygedyn o heulwen;
llygedyn heulog;
North-west Wales llygedyn poeth (“hot”)

Ceid ambell i lygedyn poeth ar ôl cawod o law
There was an occasional bit of warm sunshine after a rainshower

Ymdangosodd llygedyn o haul rhwng y cymylau
A bit of sun appeared between the clouds

6
one of globules of fat on the surface of soup

7
(tree) small bud

8
llygedyn dŵr spring, beginning of a stream

9
(quarry) good rock in the midst of poor-quality rock

ETYMOLOGY: (llygad = eye) + (-yn diminutive suffix).
The change a > e (vowel affection) caused by the
i› y in the final syllable

:_______________________________.

llygeidiog lhə GEID yog› (adjective)
1
unllygeidiog in-lhə-geid-yog› one-eyed
(un = one) + soft mutation + ( llygad = eye) > *unlygeidiog > unllygeidiog

:_______________________________.

llygoden, llygod lhə GO den, LHƏ god› (feminine noun)
1
mouse

2
lladdwr llygod rodent officer (“killer of mice / rats”)

3
mouse as a symbol of poverty

fel llygoden eglwys
poor (“like a church mouse”)

Mi fydd gen i arian pan fydda i'n fawr – fydda i ddim fel llygoden eglwys
I’ll have money when I grow up – I won’t be like a church mouse

mor dlawd â llygoden eglwys = as poor as a church mouse

4
rat (= llygoden fawr)
Mae’r llygod yn gadael llong ar suddo Rats desert a sinking ship

5
weight of a sash window

:_______________________________.

llygoden fawr, llygod mawr lhə go den VAUR, lhə god MAUR› (feminine noun)
1
rat (‘big mouse’)

:_______________________________.

llygoden ffrengig, llygod ffrengig lhə go den FRE ngig, lhə god FRE ngig› (feminine noun)
1
rat (‘French mouse’)

:_______________________________.

llygredig lhə GREE dig› [ɬəˡgreˑdɪg] (feminine or masculine noun)
1 corrupt, unclean, rotten, contaminated, polluted

2 (morally) corrupt, impure, depraved, degenerate, profane

ETYMOLOGY: (llygr-, stem of the verb llygru = to pollute, corrupt) + (-edig adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.

llygredigaeth lhə gre DII gaith, -geth› [ɬəgrɛˡdiˑgaiθ / ɬəgrɛˡdiˑgɛθ] (feminine or masculine noun)
1 corruption

2 depravity, wickedness, sin
Micha 7:3 I wneuthur drygioni â'r ddwy law yn egnïol, y tywysog a ofyn, a'r barnwr am wobr; a'r hwn sydd fawr a ddywed lygredigaeth ei feddwl: felly y plethant ef.
Micah 7:3 That they may do evil with both hands earnestly, the prince asketh, and the judge asketh for a reward; and the great man, he uttereth his mischievous desire: so they wrap it up.

ETYMOLOGY: (llygredig = polluted, corrupt) + (-aeth noun suffix)
:_______________________________.

llygredd ‹LHƏ gredh› [ˡɬəgrɛð] (feminine or masculine noun)
1 depravity, corruption
2 pollution, contamination

:_______________________________.

llygreiddiad
:_______________________________.

llygriad
:_______________________________.

llygru LHƏ gri› (verb)
1
contaminate
:_______________________________.

llygrwr

:_______________________________.

llygryddyn ‹lhə-GRƏ-dhin› [ɬəˡgrəðɪn] (masculine noun)

PLURAL: llygryddion ‹lhə-GRƏDH-yon› [ɬəˡgrəðjɔn]

1 pollutant

llygryddion hedegog airborne pollutants

:_______________________________.

llym LHIM› (adjective)
1
strict, severe

2 (wind) keen, sharp, penetrating, cutting
gwynt llym y dwyrain the keen wind from the east

2
(punishment) harsh
cosb lem a harsh punishment, a heavy penalty
cyllell lem a sharp knife

3 (winter) harsh, hard, severe
yn ystod gaeaf llym 1865 during the harsh winter of 1865

4 (knife, razor) sharp = having a sharp edge
awchlym sharp-edged
mor llym â raser
as sharp as a razor

5 (needle) sharp = having a sharp point
mor llym â nodwydd
as sharp as a needle
blaenllym sharp-pointed

6
llym eich tafod sharp-tongued (“sharp your tongue”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh
llym < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish
limm, Breton lemm
From the same Celtic root: Irish slim (= smooth, sleek)

:_______________________________.

llympio lhəmp -yo›
(North Wales)

1
throw

2
tip out (a load)
lorri lympio plural loris llympio (USA: dumptruck) (Englandic: tip lorry)

3
overturn (cart, barrow)

ETYMOLOGY: (llymp-, penult syllable form of llwmp < English (to lump = fall like a lump) < (lump) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

NOTE: Apart from llympio there is also a form with
u› llwmpio, and forms with l› instead of lh› - lympio, lwmpio

:_______________________________.

..1 llyn, llynnoedd LHIN, LHƏ nodh› (masculine noun)
1
lake

2
cronlyn reservoir
Cronlyn Pontsticyll Pontsticyll reservoir

3
y llyn o dân a brwmstan the lake of fire and brimstone

Datguddiad 20:10
A diafol, yr hwn oedd yn eu twyllo hwynt, a fwriwyd i'r llyn o dân a brwmstan, lle y mae'r bwystfil a'r gau broffwyd; a hwy a boenir ddydd a nos, yn oes oesoedd.
Revelation 20:10 And the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are, and shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever.

4 morlyn lagoon,
“sea lake” (môr = sea ) + soft mutation + ( llyn = lake)

5 a pool in a river
Y Llyn Cam (“the crooked pool”) a pool in Afon Hafren near Llanidloes

LLYN CAM, the crooked pool, formerly a favourite bathing place in the Severn, near the town. MONTGOMERYSHIRE COLLECTIONS. VOL. XI. 1878 Parochial History of Llanidloes. (Continued from Vol. X). Edward Hamer.

Y Llyn Fraith (qv) A pool in Afon Syrhywi (“the dappled river-pool”)

:_______________________________.

..2 llyn lhin› masculine noun
1
(obsolete) drink
bwyd a llyn food and drink

2
(obsolete) alcoholic drink

3
liquid

4
found as a second element in the old-established words

..1/ enllyn something eaten with bread (eg butter, cheese, meat), something to make plain food more palatable
(an = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (llyn = liquid) > *enlyn (vowel change through the influence of the following y) > enllyn (loss of the mutation)

..2/ meddyglin (obsolete) metheglin
məthéglin› = medicated mead; spiced mead; medicine (meddyg = doctor) + soft mutation + (llyn = liquid)

..3/ poethlyn (obsolete) alcohol; liquor; brandy
(poeth = hot) + soft mutation + (llyn = liquid)

5
found as a second element in the neologisms
..1/ brechlyn vaccine (brech = pox, smallpox ) + soft mutation + ( llyn = liquid)
..2/ carthlyn (first recorded example: 1780) laxative (carthu = to purge)
..3/ ceglyn (first recorded example: 1773) mouthwash (ceg = mouth)
..4/ cyfoglyn (first recorded example: 1708) emetic (cyfogi = to vomit)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same Celtic root: Cornish lin (= fluid, liquid), Breton lin (= pus), Irish lionn (= humour of the body), leann (= beer), Scottish leann (= humour of the body; beer)

:_______________________________.

Llyn Aled lhin AA-led›
1
SH9157 lake south of the village of Llansannan, in the county of Conwy

ETYMOLOGY: (llyn = lake) + (Aled river name)

:_______________________________.

Llyn Bach lhin BAAKH›
1
Y Llyn Bach the inner harbour at Porthmadog – in origin a flood control pool for the harbour. A channel called Y Cyt runs into it.

ETYMOLOGY: “the little pool” (llyn = lake, pool) + (Aled river name)

:_______________________________.

llyncion LLƏNGK yon› (plural noun)
1
throats; see llwnc

:_______________________________.

llynclyn lhəng -lin› masculine noun
PLURAL
llynclynoedd, llynclynnau lhəngk- lə- nodh, -ne›
1
whirlpool (which swallows up), vortex

Wrth y miloedd ânt / I annoddyn llyngclyn llif
(Nicander = Morris Williams 1809-74 / “Yr Adgyfodiad” = The Resurrection / 1851)
In their thousands they go into a deep flowing whirlpool

ETYMOLOGY: (llync-, stem of llyncu = to swallow) + soft mutation + (llyn = pool)

:_______________________________.

llyncu LHƏNG ki› (verb)
1
to swallow
brechlyn i’w lyncu oral vaccine (“for its swallowing”, to be swallowed”)

2 trallwng (place names) swamp
(tra intensifying prefix) + (llwng, variant of llwnc, stem of the verb llyncu = to swallow)

Y Trallwng Place name – for example (SJ2207) locality in the district of Maldwyn (county of Powys)

:_______________________________.

llynedd LHƏ nedh› (adjective)
1
last year

:_______________________________.

Llynfi lhən-vi›
1 Name of two rivers in South-east Wales

..a/ SS 8983 A river rising north of the town of Maes-teg, running southwards through the town and flowing into the Ogwr 4 km north of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr

This river in Pen-y-bont county has a pseudo-antique form Llyfnwy, from the early 1800s when it was supposed that all river names at one time ended in -wy, from gwy meaning ‘water’. In fact, there is no such word (though its popularity no doubt stems from its inclusion in the dictionary of William Owen-Pughe, 1793; it seems to be his own coining). Many river names though (for various reasons) do have a final syllable wy (Elwy, Mynwy, Ebwy, etc), which explains the misunderstanding

In an eisteddfod in Y Llwyni (“the bushes”) in 1839 (officially known today as Maes-teg, a name adopted in 1887), it was suggested that the town be known after the name of the river, Llyfnwy (though of course the real name is Llynfi)

The name remained popular with local literary figures, and Llyfnwy was the bardic name of a local historian Thomas Morgan.

..b/ SO1738 A river rising 1km north of Y Bwlch (Powys), between Aberhonddu and Crucywel, which flows north into the lake known as Llyn Syfaddan; it leaves the lake flowing northwards and joins the river Gwy at Aberllynfi, near Y Clas ar Wy

Aberllynfi village 3km north of Talgarth (“(the) confluence (of) Llynfi (and Gwy)”)
English name: Three Cocks

ETYMOLOGY: Llynfi < Llyfni (llyfn = smooth) + (suffix -i)
Metathesis
nv› > vn›
Compare the river name Llynfell (qv) < Llyfnell

NOTE: In the north there is a river with the original form of this name - Afon Llyfni SH4352 flowing west from the lake Llyn Nantlle Uchaf into the bay called Bae Caernarfon, 4km south-west of Llandwrog

:_______________________________.

Y Llyn Fraith ə lhin vraith› feminine noun
1
name of a pool in the river Sirhywi, found in the name

Pen-y-bont Llyn Fraith
= (“(the house called) “Pen-y-bont” (by) the dappled river-pool).

(Pen-y-bont = “(house situated at the) end (of) the bridge / i.e. at the entrance to the bridge)”,

Later the form Pont-llyn-fraith (1713) was used. This is in fact “pont y llyn fraith” (“(the) bridge (of) the dappled pool”) with the loss of the definite article; this loss is usual in place names of the type (qualified noun + definite article + qualifying noun)

There was apparently confusion after this with glan (= river bank), which replaced llyn
“pont y lan fraith’ - (the) bridge (of the) dappled bank,

Then lan was confused with llan (= church).
Hence the modern name Pont-llan-fraith (“(the) bridge (of) the speckled church”)

2
name of a pool in the river Taf at Eglwysnewydd, Caer-dydd, noted by John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911)

“LLYN-FRAITH (the motley lake.) A place in the river Taff at Whitchurch (1760)”
“1760.
Two persons were drowned in crossing the Taff at Llynfraith, Whitchurch, in a boat.”

ETYMOLOGY: (“the dappled river-pool”)

(y = definite article, “the”) + (llyn = pool in a river) + soft mutation + (braith, feminine form of brith (= dappled).

In standard Welsh llyn is a masculine noun, but in the south-east it is feminine, probably on the analogy of afon (= river), a feminine noun.

:_______________________________.

llynges lhə -nges› feminine noun
PLURAL
llyngesau lhə- ngə –se›

1 navy = the fighting force of a state for sea warfare
llynges frenhinol royal navy
canolfan lynges = naval base

2 fleet
llynges bysgota fishing fleet
llynges fasnach merchant navy = ships engaged in commerce
llynges fasnachol merchant navy = ships engaged in commerce
llynges warchod escort fleet

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh llynges < (llwng - variant of llong = ship) + (collective suffix -es)
Cf. Irish loingeas = (fleet). The name of the Irish airline Aer Lingus is a semi-anglicised spelling of aer loingeas = air fleet)

:_______________________________.

llyngesydd llə- nge -sidh› masculine noun
PLURAL
llyngesyddion llə-nge- sədh -yon›
1
admiral
Y Llyngesydd Nelson Admiral Nelson (“the Admiral Nelson”)
is-lyngesydd vice-admiral
ôl-lyngesydd rear-admiral (rank junior to a vice-admiral)
Prif Lyngesydd Admiral of the Fleet, naval equivalent of an army general or field marshal

ETYMOLOGY: (llynges = fleet) + (-ydd noun suffix for indicating a device or an agent)

:_______________________________.

llyngig [lhəng-gig]
(South-west Wales) See llengig
[lheng-gig]

:_______________________________.

(y) Llyn Glas
! a lake in Gwynedd (SH6155)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH6155

ETYMOLOGY: (the) blue lake

:_______________________________.

Llyn Glasfryn
! place name
(the) lake (at) Glasfryn (SH4042)

:_______________________________.

llyn-glwm llin-glwm

:_______________________________.

Llyn Goras
(SN7963)
ETYMOLOGY:

:_______________________________.

Llyn Gwernan
(SH1670)
ETYMOLOGY:

:_______________________________.

llyngwren [ X ] (f)
PLURAL
llyngwr [ X ]
(Sout
h-east Wales)
1 (Prunus padus) = bird cherry
ETYMOLOGY: ?
NOTE: Also as llwngwr

:_______________________________.

Llyn Gwyddïor [ X ]
(SH9307)

:_______________________________.

(Y) Llyn Gwyn [ X ]

ETYMOLOGY:

:_______________________________.

Llyn Gwynant [ X ]
(SH6451)
ETYMOLOGY:

:_______________________________.

Llyn Gynon [ X ]
(SN7964)
ETYMOLOGY:

:_______________________________.

llyngyren [ lhə- ngə -ren] (f)
PLURAL: llyngyr [ lhə -ngir]

1 (Taenia solium) type of bowel worm

2 (South-east Wales) llyngyren fach plural: llynger bach threadworm

3 (South-east Wales) llyngyren fawr, plural: llynger mawr tapeworms

4 (South-east Wales) llyngyren hir, plural: llynger hir / hirion tapeworm

5 (South-west Wales) llyngeryn hir o foi extremely thin man ("a long tapeworm of a boy")

6 bod fel llyngyren as thin as a rake

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British; Breton has lenkernenn

NOTE: colloquially also:
..a) llyngheren, PLURAL llynger;

..b) llyngeryn

:_______________________________.

llyngyren edau [ X ] (feminine noun)
PLURAL
llyngyr edau [ X ]
1 threadworm (Nematoda)

ETYMOLOGY:

:_______________________________.

llyngyren ddŵr [ X ] (feminine noun)
PLURAL
llyngyr dŵr [ X ]

1 aquatic worm

ETYMOLOGY:

:_______________________________.

llyngyren gron [ X ] (feminine noun)
PLURAL
llyngyr crwn / crynion [ X ]

1 roundworm, ascarid = nematode worm of parasitic genus Ascaris, infesting the
small intestines

ETYMOLOGY:
:

:_______________________________.

llyngyren gwreiddiau tatws [ X ] (feminine noun)
PLURAL
llyngyr gwreiddiau tatws [ X ]

1 potato eelworm heteratoda

ETYMOLOGY:

:_______________________________.

llyngyren lysiau [ X ] (feminine noun)
PLURAL
llyngyr llysiau [ X ]

1 eelworm

ETYMOLOGY:

:_______________________________.

llyngyren ruban [ X ] (feminine noun)
PLURAL
llyngyr rhuban [ X ]

1 tapeworm Taenia

ETYMOLOGY:

:_______________________________.

llyngyren yr afu [ X ] (feminine noun)
PLURAL
llyngyr yr afu [ X ]

1 liver fluke

ETYMOLOGY:

:_______________________________.

llyngyren yr iau [ X ] (feminine noun)
PLURAL
llyngyr yr iau [ X ]

1 liver fluke

ETYMOLOGY:

:_______________________________.

llyngyrladdwr lhə-ngər-lâ-dhur› adjective
PLURAL
llyngyrladdwyr lhə-ngər-ladh-wir›
1
vermicide

ETYMOLOGY: (llyngyr = bowel worms) + soft mutation + (lladdwr = killer)

:_______________________________.

llyngyrog [ X ] adj
1 wormy, having worms

ETYMOLOGY:
:_______________________________.

Llyn Llygad Rheidol lhin lhə-gad hrei-dol›
1
SN7987 lake on the north side of the mountain of Pumlumon

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) lake (which is) (the) source (of) (the river) Rheidol”

(llyn = lake) + (llygad = eye; source of a stream) + (Rheidol, river name)

:_______________________________.

Llyn Morfa Gwyllt lhin mor –va gwilht
1
SH5702 lake in the course of the river Dysynni, to the north-east of the village of Tal-y-llyn and by the side of the mountain of Cader Idris. Called “Broad Water” by the English.

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1165006

ETYMOLOGY: “the lake by Morfa Gwyllt” (llyn = lake) + (Morfa Gwyllt)
Morfa Gwyllt is “wild / rough sea-fen” (morfa = sea-fen) + (gwyllt = wild, rough)

:_______________________________.

Llyn Myngil lhin mə -ngil›
1
SH7109 Llyn Myngil lake in the course of the river Dysynni, to the north-east of the village of Tal-y-llyn and by the side of the mountain of Cader Idris

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

Llyn Tegid lhin tê-gid›
1
A lake by the town of Y Bala. English name: Bala Lake

Rheilffordd Llyn Tegid name of a narrow-gauge railway alongside the lake (“Bala Lake Railway”)

Glan-llyn (= glan y llyn, ‘bank (of) the lake’, lakeside) outdoor activity centre belonging to Urdd Gobaith Cymru on the edge of Llyn Tegid
http://www.urdd.org/Glanllyn/

gwyniad Llyn Tegid (qv) Coregonus clupeiodes pennantii gwyniad (the Welsh name is used in English to refer to this particular fish), or whiting (white freshwater fish, found in Llyn Tegid; the fish is an Ice Age survival)

2
(place name now lost)
Name of a lake at South Bend, Minnesota from around 1862 and apparently still in use in the Welsh settlement in 1895.

7510_map_south_bend_glasbridd_050909_090423(delwedd 7510)

(Map from History of the Welsh in Minnesota, Foreston and Lime Springs, Iowa, gathered by the Old Settlers. Edited by the Reverends Thomas E. Hughes and David Edwards, and Messrs. Hugh G. Roberts and Thomas Hughes.
1895)

QUERY: Was Llyn Tegid the present-day Mennenga Lake or Indian Lake?

 “Among the early settlers one of the most earnest and efficient musicians was Edward Thomas, Sr. He taught school at South Bend, Cambria and other places in the county, and wherever he went he always taught music to his pupils and usually had night schools to teach those who could not attend the day school. Besides having a good voice and considerable knowledge of music, he had the talent of imparting to his pupils his own passionate fondness for music. At times Mr. Thomas attempted composition, and one of the old Cyfaill {NOTE: name of a magazine in Welsh} contains a musical composition of his which he states in a foot-note was composed by him while looking upon the beauties of Llyn Tegid in South Bend, Minn.”

(History of the Welsh in Minnesota, Foreston and Lime Springs, Iowa, gathered by the Old Settlers. Edited by the Reverends Thomas E. Hughes and David Edwards, and Messrs. Hugh G. Roberts and Thomas Hughes.
1895)

6545_map_minnesota_wikipedia_070325

(delwedd 6545)

:_______________________________.

Llyn y Fign lhin ə vi -gin›
1
SH8319 lake 7km south-west of the peak Aran Fawddwy, 9km north-east-east of the town of Dolgellau

2
SN8170 small lake 7km east of the village of Goginan (county of Ceredigion). Part is in Ceredigion, and the rest is in the county of Powys

ETYMOLOGY: “lake of the boggy ground” (llyn = lake) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (mign = bog, boggy ground, mire)

:_______________________________.

llyo LHII -o› verb
1
(South Wales) = to lick
llyo esgidie rhywun lick someone’s boots
Vegeu llyfu

ETYMOLOGY: variant of llyfu (= to lick); llyo > llyfo < llyfo, as llyfu (= to lick) with an alternative verb suffix (-o instead of -u)

NOTE: Sometimes spelt llio, with an “i”

:_______________________________.

Llyr LHIIR› (masculine noun)
1
man’s name, Lear

2
British saint, as in the place name Llan-llyr (Englished as Llanyre, which might be taken from a local pronunciation of the name)

:_______________________________.

1 llys, llysoedd LHIIS, LHƏ sodh› (masculine noun)
1
court (law)
llys barn a court of law (“court (of) opinion / judgement”)

2
court = palace of a king, residence of a monarch;
gŵr llys courtier
putain llys courtesan (“prostitute (of) court”)

3 court (of the chief of a territory)
In older place names it is a feminine noun

Llys-wen, rather than Llys-gwyn

See these place names under separate entries: Llysdinam, Llys-du, Llys-teg, Llys-wen, Llysyn
:_______________________________.

2 llys LHIIS› (feminine noun)

:_______________________________.

3 llys, llysiau LHIIS, LHƏ she, LHƏSH-ye, -yai› (masculine noun)
1
plant (llys is usually as the qualified element in plant names)

2
wylys aubergine
Neologism; from American eggplant (= aubergine)
(wy = egg) + soft mutation + (llys = plant)

3
creulys groundsel, bloodwort. (Senecio vulgaris)
“blood plant” (creu-, penult form of crau = blood) + soft mutation + (llys = plant)
creulys cyffredin groundsel (Senecio vulgaris)

4 A singularised form of the plural llysieuyn = vegetable (llysiau + diminutive or singulative suffix -yn). The plural is llysiau.
:_______________________________.

4 llys LHIIS› (masculine noun)
1
slime
llys llyffant frogspawn (“slime (of) frog”)

:_______________________________.

Llysdinam lhiis-DII-nam›
1
(SO0058) locality in the district of Brycheiniog (county of Powys), 5km south-west of Llandrindod, on the west bank of the river Gwy, facing Y Bontnewydd ar Wy on the east bank

2
a parish at this place
(1961) population: 98
(1961) proportion of Welsh-speakers: 12%

ETYMOLOGY: (the) court (by the) hillfort
(llys = court) + (dinam – dialect form of dinan = hillfort)
dinan is (din = fort, hillfort) + (-an diminutive suffix added to nouns)

:_______________________________.

Y
Llys-du lhiis-dii›
1
place name (now lost) in Y Rhath, Caer-dydd (Roath, Cardiff)

According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911):
“ ‘Llys-Du’ (the black court.) Also called ‘Ty-Mawr’, Great House. A picturesque old house adjoining Roath churchyard on the south-east, between it and Cwrt-bach.”

7427_map_llwyd_cymru_LLIW_y_rhath_090304

(delwedd 7427)

ETYMOLOGY: (llys = court) + (du = black).

Historically llys was a feminine noun, but in the modern language it is masculine.

 In place names there are examples of the feminine form (Llys-wen) and the masculine (Llys-du)

:_______________________________.

llysg lhisk› feminine or masculine noun
PLURAL
llysgion / llysgon / llysgiau lhəsk –yon, lhəs-kon, lhəsk –ye›

1
(obsolete) stick

2
byrllysg mace = symbol of authority
(byr-
ə› penultimate syllable form of bwr = fat) + soft mutation + ( llysg = stick)

ETYMOLOGY: llysg < a British word??

:_______________________________.

llysi lhə -si›
1 (South-east Wales) whinberries, bilberries, blaeberries
Caerllysi cae’r llysi (the) field (of) the bilberries
Name of a street in Pen-coed (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

See llusen = whinberry

:_______________________________.

llysiau LHƏS-ye, -yai, LHƏSH-ye, -yai› (pl)
1
vegetables: see llys

:_______________________________.

llysieufa lhə-SHEI–va›
1
herbarium

ETYMOLOGY: (llysieu- stem of llysiau = herbs) + (-fa suffix = place)

:_______________________________.

llysieuyn pen tai lhə- SHEI –in pen TAI›
1
(Semprevivum tectorum) house leek

ETYMOLOGY: (“plant (of) top (of) houses”, hung from the rafter) ( llysieuyn = vegetable / plant) + (pen = top) + (tai = houses, plural of = house)

:_______________________________.

llys milwrol lhiis mi-LUU-rol› masculine noun
1
court martial;
dwyn (rhywun) o flaen llys milwrol to court martial (someone)
(“bring someone before a military court”)

ETYMOLOGY: “military court” (llys = court) + (milwrol = military)

:_______________________________.

llysnafedd lhəs NAA vedh› (masculine noun)
1
slime

:_______________________________.

llysnafeddog lhis-na- VEE -dhog› adj
1 slimy
fflem lysnafeddog slimy phlegm
poeriadau llysnafeddog slimy globules of spit

2 snivelly, snotty

ETYMOLOGY: (llysnafedd = slime) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.

llysnafog lhəs-NAA-vog› (adjective)
1
slimy

:_______________________________.

Y Llys-wen lhiis WEN› (feminine noun)
1
village, south-east (‘white court’)

:_______________________________.

llysyn LHƏ-sin› (m)
1
little court

2 Llysyn SJ0309 (spelt “llysun” on the Ordnance Survey map). Farm north of Llanerfyl

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=279391

ETYMOLOGY: (llys
LHIIS = court) + (-yn in› diminutive suffix)

:_______________________________.

llysysol lhəs- ə -sol› adjective
1
herbivorous, grass-eating

ETYMOLOGY: (llys = grass) + (-ysol = -eating); (ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

llysysor lhəs- ə -sor› masculine noun
PLURAL
llysysorion lhəs- ə-sor-yon›
1
herbivore, grass-eating animal

ETYMOLOGY: (llys = grass) + (-ysor = -eater, animal which eats); (ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-or suffix for indicating a an agent; from Latin -ârius, in words taken from Latin (canghellor (= chancellor) < cancellârius; afterwards used as a suffix with native words – telynor = harpist)

:_______________________________.

Llythyfnwg lhə THƏV nug› (feminine noun)
1
(cwmwd = “neighbourhood”) commote of the kantrev of Elfael (south-east Wales)

:_______________________________.

llythyr, llythyrau / llythyron LHƏ thir, lhə THƏ re / lhə THƏ ron› (masculine noun)
1
letter
Llythyr oddi wrth John Jones at ei ŵyr John Griffith Jones a letter from John Jones, Brynbedwen, Llan-rug, to his grandson John Griffith Jones

2
bocs llythyrau, bocsiau llythyrau boks lhə THƏ re, BOKS-ye, -yai lhə THƏ re› (masculine noun) letter box

3
tystlythyr reference, testimonial; = description by a former employer of a person’s dependability as an employee
(tyst- = penult form of tyst = witness) + soft mutation + ( llythyr = letter)

:_______________________________.

llythyrdy lhə-thər-di› masculine noun
PLURAL
llythyrdai lhə-thər-dai›
1
sub post-office = a post office in a rural area run by a subpostmaster (is-bostfeistr) or subpostmistress (is-bostfeistres) (these are agents of the Post Office and not employed directly by the postal authorities)

Llythyrdy Pant-mawr sign outside the sub post office at Pant-mawr, Powys, in the 1970s

ETYMOLOGY: (llythyr = letter) + soft mutation + (ty = house, building)

:_______________________________.

llyw, llywiau LHIU, LHIU-ye› (masculine noun)
1
rudder
2
fel llong heb lyw like a rudderless ship, drifting at the mercy of the elements

:_______________________________.

Llywela lhə WE la› (feminine noun)
1
woman’s name

:_______________________________.

Llywelyn lhə WE lin› (masculine noun) (Anglicised form: Llewellyn (lə WE lin)

(1) man’s name- e.g. Llywelyn Morgan (Llywelyn = first name, Morgan = surname)
(2) patronymic, equivalent to ap Llywelyn; - e.g. Siôn ap Llywelyn / Siôn Llywelyn = Siôn the son of Llywelyn
(3) surname – e.g. Siôn Llywelyn = Siôn who had an ancestor called Llywelyn
(4) See also: Llew

ETYMOLOGY: British *Lugu-belin-os, with the names of two British deities – in modern Welsh Lleu and Belyn. Analysed as if a modern Welsh compound, Llywelyn < Llewelyn = Llew-elyn < *Llew-felyn < *Lleu-felyn (Lleu + sofr muyation Belyn), unless it is Llewelyn = Lle-welyn < *Lle-felyn < *Lleu-felyn.
:_______________________________.

llywodraeth llywodraethau lhə WO dreth, lhə wo DREI the› (masculine noun)
1
government

2 is-lywodraeth devolved government, a subgovernment within a state, with certain restricted powers which have delegated from a central government

(is = below; sub) + soft mutation + ( llywodraeth = government)

:_______________________________.

llywodraethwr, llywodraethwyr lhə wo DREI thur, lhə wo DREITH wir› (masculine noun)
1
governor

:_______________________________.

lobïo lo- bii -o› verb
1
verb without an object lobby = try and influence the formulation of a policy by meeting decision-makers and making known one’s own arguments and proposals

Wedi lobïo effeithlon mi fu i’r Gweinidog wrthdroi penderfyniad y cyngor lleol
After effective lobbying the Minister overturned the decision of the local council.


2
verb with an object try to influence somebody in this way

ETYMOLOGY: lobi- (< English to lobby, < lobby = vestibule) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

lobsgóws ‹lob-SGOUS› m
1 (North Wales) stew made from meat leftovers

 

lobsgóws eildwym (1) reheated stew; (2) something unoriginal

(eildwym < ail = second, twym- stem of twymo = to heat)

 

lobsgóws troednoeth lobscouse without meat

(troednoeth = barefoot; troed = foot, noeth = bare)

 

lobsgóws dall lobscouse without meat

(dall = blind)

 

2 mess

Lob-sgóws o ddeddf oedd honno That law was a real mess
 
ETYMOLOGY: English lobscouse (= a stew eaten by sailors), noted in English in the 1700s, of unkbown origin, but cf Dutch lapskous, German Lapskaus.

 

South Wales: lapsgóws

:_______________________________.

 

loc lok› masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL
lociau, locs lok -ye›
1
lock (of a canal) = compartment with watertight gates where a barge may be raised or lowered to the level of the next section of the canal

2
Place Names
...(a) Loc y Waun - (Treharris, Merthyrtudful) name of a lock on the former Camlas Morgannwg (Glamorganshire Canal);
...(b) in the same district Pen Locs = ‘pen y locs’ (“(the) top (of the) locks”);
...(c) further down the course of the former canal in Abercynon (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) is “Lock Street” which would be Heol y Loc in Welsh

ETYMOLOGY: From English lock, < Old English {lok} loc, related to Norwegian lokk = cover, lid, top

NOTE: In Welsh beside the more literary plural form ‘lociau’ there is also the colloquial plural form with final ‘s’, locs, as in English ‘locks’:

:_______________________________.

lochco lə -ko›
1
(county of Penfro) See! Look!
Also: lochco chi!

ETYMOLOGY: Gwelwch acw = See over there! Look over there! See lychco

:_______________________________.

locomotif lo-kə-mo-tiv› masculine noun
PLURAL
locomotifau lo-kə-mo-tî-fe›
1
locomotive = railway engine

2
cwt locomotifau engine shed

ETYMOLOGY: English locomotive (noun “machine which moves itself from place to place” from an adjective “moving itself from place to place”);

Latin (locô = from a place, ablative case of locus = place) + the adjective motive < medieval Latin motiv(um) (= which causes movement) < mot(us) (= moved) < (movêre = to move)

:_______________________________.

Loegr loi -ger› feminine noun
1
soft-mutated form of Lloegr = England
mynd i Loegr to go to England
Eglwys Loegr the Church of England

:_______________________________.

loes; loesiau, loesion, loesoedd, loesydd lois; LOIS-ye, -yai, LOIS yon, LOI sodh, LOI sidh› (masculine noun)

1 ache

aeth loes fel fflam trwy ei chalon
a pain like a flame went through his heart

Ond nid oedd loesion byd helbulus drosodd eto i Olwen dyner
But the pains of a troubled world were not yet over for gentle Olwen

:_______________________________.

loetran loi -tran› verb
1 loiter
Maent yn cwyno am y bobl ifainc yn loetran ar y stryd They’re complaining about the young people loitering on the street

ETYMOLOGY: English loiter, possibly from Dutch löteren (= ro wobble, be wobbly)

NOTE: South-east Wales: lloetrach

:_______________________________.

loetrwr loit -rur› masculine noun
PLURAL
loetrwyr loitr -wir›
1 dawdler
2 loiterer

ETYMOLOGY: (loetr- stem of the verb loetran = to loiter) + (-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

loetryn loi -trin› masculine noun
(South Wales)
1 vagrant
2 laggard, dawdler, straggler, loiterer

ETYMOLOGY: (loetr- stem of the verb loetran = to loiter) + (-yn suffix to make an agent noun)

:_______________________________.

lofaol lo- vâ -ol› adjective
SOFT-MUTATED FORM: see glofaol = coal-mining
ardal lofaol coal-mining area

:_______________________________.

logistaidd lo- gi -stedh› adj
1
logistic = related to the organisation of a task or operation
yn logistaidd logistically

:_______________________________.

logisteg lo- gi -steg› feminine noun
1
logistics = the organisation of moving, lodging and supplying military forces

2
logistics = organisation a task so that labour and materials and transport etc are available when needed

3
logistics = the organisation of a complicated task

ETYMOLOGY: adaptation of English logistics; (logist- stem) + (-eg suffix to denote a science); < French logistique < Greek logistikos (= rational) < logos (= word, reason)

:_______________________________.

lol LOL› (feminine noun)
1
nonsense

2 Possibly in the word bolól (North Wales) bogeyman, bogey, goblin
(bo = bogeyman, goblin) + possibly (lol = nonsense)

:_______________________________.

lolfa, lolféydd LOL va, lol VEIDH› (feminine noun)
1
lounge, sitting room

:_______________________________.

lólipop, lólipops LO li pop, LO li pops› (masculine noun)
1
lollipop)
pren lólipop, prennau lólipop lollypop stick

lólipop iâ, lólipops iâ (South) (Englandic: ice lollypop) (USA: popsicle)
usually
loli, lolis iâ

lólipop rhew, lólipops rhew (North) (Englandic: ice lollypop) (USA: popsicle)
usually
loli, lolis rhew

2
daft person, daft fool (possibly from connecting the word with lol = nonsense)
y lólipop gwirion you daft fool


ETYMOLOGY: English lollipop
:_______________________________.

lom lom› adjective
1
Soft mutated form (ll > l) of llom, feminine form of llwm = (land) barren; (countryside) bare, empty

gwlad lom bare country

Y Waun Lom (place names) “the barren meadow”
(in these examples there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun)

Allt Lom SN9627 near Y Trallwng, district of Byrcheiniog, Powys
yr allt lom – “the barren hill”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/760554 Yr Allt Lom

:_______________________________.

lon lon› adjective
1 Soft mutated form (ll > l) of llon (= happy, merry)

..a/ Annedd-lon, house name (“happy home”)

..b/ Erw-lon, house name (“happy acre”)

..c/ Hafod-lon street name in Rhiw-las, Bangor (county of Gwynedd) (“happy summer farm”)

...d/ Waun-lon street name in Y Drenewydd yn Notais (county of Bro Morgannwg) (= y waun lon, “happy meadow”) (spelt as “Waunlon”)

(In these names there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun)

:_______________________________.

lôn, lonydd LOON, LO nidh› (feminine noun)
(word used especially in North Wales, though found all over Wales)

1
lane

:_______________________________.

lôn bengaead, lonydd pengaead loon ben GEI ad, lo nidh ben GEI ad› (feminine noun)
1
cul-de-sac

:_______________________________.

lôn bôst, lonydd pôst loon BOOST, lo nidh POOST› (feminine noun)
1
‘post road’, North Wales = main road

:_______________________________.

Lôn Cariadon loon kar-YAA-don› [loːn karˡjɑˑdɔn] (feminine noun)
1
street name in Bangor (county of Gwynedd) “lovers’ lane”

ETYMoLOGY: lôn cariadon < lôn y cariadon “(lane (of) the lovers”)

(lôn = lane) + (y definite article) + (cariadon, plural of cariad lover, darling, sweetheart)

Lôn Cariadon, Bangor 
Delw 0319
(delwedd 0319)
:_______________________________.

loncian LONGK-yan› [ˡlɔŋkjan] (verb)
1
go jogging

:_______________________________.

lôn gefn, lonydd cefn loon GEE-ven, loo-nidh KEE-ven› [loːn ˡgeˑvɛn, loˑnɪðˡ keˑvɛn] (feminine noun)
1
back road, minor road, by-road

:_______________________________.

Lorens LOO-rens› [ˡloˑrɛns]
1
Laurence

:_______________________________.

lori feminine noun
See lorri

:_______________________________.

lori LO-ri› [ˡlɔrɪ] feminine noun
PLURAL
lorïau, loris lo-RII-au, -e, LOO-riz› [lɔˡriˑaʊ,-ɛ, ˡlɔrɪz]

1 (USA: truck) (Englandic: lorry).
..1/ lorri anghaffaelion tow-truck, wrecking truck (Englandic: breakdown lorry)
..2/ lorri ddamweinau
LO-ri a-ngha-FEIL-yon› [ˡlɔrɪ aŋhaˡfəɪljɔn] wrecking truck (Englandic: breakdown lorry)
..3/ lorri wartheg PLURAL lorïau gwartheg cattle truck (Englandic: cattle lorry)

2 lorri dipio PLURAL lorïau tipio (USA: dumptruck) (Englandic: tip lorry)
(North-west) lorri lympio PLURAL loris llympio (USA: dumptruck) (Englandic: tip lorry)

:_______________________________.

lorri anghaffaelion LO-ri, lo-RII-ai, -e, LO-riz a-ngha-FEIL-yon› [ lɔˡriˑaʊ,-ɛ, ˡlɔrɪz aŋhaˡfəɪljɔn] (feminine noun)
1
tow-truck, wrecking truck (Englandic: breakdown lorry)
:_______________________________.

lorri wartheg, lorïau gwartheg lo-ri WAR-theg, lo-RII-ai, -e, LO-riz GWAR-theg› [lˡɔrɪ, lɔˡriˑaʊ,-ɛ, ˡlɔrɪz ˡgwarθɛg] (feminine noun)
1
cattle truck (Englandic: cattle lorry)

:_______________________________.

losen caru bach lo-sen KAA-ri BAAKH› [ˡlɔsɛn ˡkɑˑrɪ ˡbɑːx] (feminine noun)
1
kind of sweet ‘(little love lozenge’)

 

:_______________________________.

losged LO-sked› [ˡlɔskɛd] (masculine noun)
1
see golosged = burn, charcoal, charred furze

:_______________________________.

lotri, lotrïau LO-tri, lo-TRII-ai, -e› [ˡlɔtrɪ, lɔˡtriˑaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
lottery

:_______________________________.

LOWLANDIC WORDS IN WELSH

There are possibly a number of words which are from Lowlandic (i.e. Scots, or Lallans, the language of Lowland Scotland which originated from Old English)

chwisgi / wisgi (= whisky) < English whisky < Lowlandic whisky bae < Scottish (Gaelic) uaisge beatha “water of-life”

:_______________________________.

Lugudunon luu-guu-DUU-non› [luˑguˑˡduˑnɔn]
1
Celtic place name “fort of Lugus”
This is the basis of the present-day place names in Continental Europe, via the Latin form Lugudunum / Lugdunum:
(1) Lyons (south-eastern France)
(2) Laon
(3) Loudon
(4) Laudun
(5) Montlezun
(6) Montlauzun
(7) Leiden
In Wales there is an example with the elements reversed – Dinas Dinlleu ‘hillfort of Dinlleu’ (locally pronounced Dinas Dinlla).
Dinlleu = Celtic dun- (= fort) + Lug- (= Lugus, name of a God)

:_______________________________.

lus LIIS› [liːs]
1
soft mutated form of llus (= whinberries) < llusen (= whinberry)

2 Parc-moel-lus park moil LIIS› [park mɔɪl ˡliːs]

Street name in Penmaen-mawr (county of Conwy) (“Parc Moel Lus”)

(”(the) field (at) Moel Lus”)

Moel Lus is apparently (not having investigated the history of the name) “(the) hill (of) whinberries” (moel = bare rounded hill) + soft mutation + (llus = whinberries)

:_______________________________.

luyddog li-Ə-dhog› [lɪˡəðɔg] adjective
1
soft-mutated form of lluyddog (= having many warriors)

Elen Luyddog (“Elen of the Hosts”) wife of Macsen Wledig (Magnus Maximus) (in the fourth century AD)

:_______________________________.


lw^a LUU-a› [ˡluˑa] (v)

1 (South-west Wales) to allow

ETYMOLOGY: lw^a < *alw^a < Middle English [ø-LUU] allow (after the 1400s the pronunciation of

the long vowel
<UU> changes; in modern English it is <au>, hence <ø-LAU>.

Allow: Middle English 1200s alowen < Anglo-French alouer (= to place, allot), Old French aloer (= to place) < Late Latin allocāre (= to place), (ad = to, locus = place)

Modern French allouer (= to grant [a salary]), to give out [rations], to apportion [shares]. The meaning “to place” was lost after the 1500s.

:_______________________________.

lwans LUU-ans› [ˡluˑans] masculine noun

1 (South Wales) allowance. See lwfans

:_______________________________.

lwc luk› [lʊk] (feminine noun)
1
luck
2
heb fawr o lwc without much luck ("without (a) great (amount) of luck")
pob lwc iti good luck (to you) (“every luck to you”)
pob lwc good luck (to you) (“every luck”)
pob lwc i bawb good luck, everybody
pob lwc iddyn nhw good luck to them
pob lwc iddo good luck to him / it
pob lwc iddi good luck to her / it

:_______________________________.

lwcdeithio luk-DEITH-yo› [lʊkˡdəɪθjɔ] (verb)
1
to thumb it, to hitchhike

:_______________________________.

lwcus LU-kis› [ˡlʊkɪs] (adjective)
1
lucky
2
twbyn lwcus lucky dip (in a tub)
cwdyn lwcus lucky dip (in a bag)

:_______________________________.

lwfans LUU-vans› [ˡluˑvans] masculine noun
PLURAL
lwfansau, lwfansis lu-VAN-sai, -e, -is› [lʊˡfansaɪ, -ɛ, -ɪs]

1 allowance = money to meet expenses
lwfans car car allownace

lwfans teithio travel allowance

Mae’r cyngor tre yn dal i wastraffu arian ar lwfansau a chostau teithio

The town council continues to waste money on travel allowances and travelling costs


2 alimony

3 permission

4 allowance = concession
lwfans treth tax allowance

ETYMOLOGY: lwfans < lwans < English [LU-ans] lowance < [ø-LU-ans] allowance / alouance (after the 1400s the pronunciation of the long vowel
<UU> changes; in modern English it is <au>, hence <ø-LAU-ans>. Allowance is Old French (alou = Modern English allow) + (suffix -ance).

An intrusive [v] has appeared in lwfans

Allow: Middle English 1200s alowen < Anglo-French alouer (= to place, allot), Old French aloer (= to place) < Late Latin allocāre (= to place), (ad = to, locus = place)

Modern French allouer (= to grant [a salary]), to give out [rations], to apportion [shares]. The meaning “to place” was lost after the 1500s.

NOTE: Also lwans, without the intrusive [v]. Although perhaps more ‘correct’, it is not the standard form.

South-east Wales has lwons <LUU-ons>, probably the result of the change a > o in the final syllable (which occurs in other words: yn wastad > siuthern wastod (= constantly, always), rather than the preservation of a French-like pronunciation

London, 1825. Observations on some of the dialects in the West of England particularly with a glossary of words now in use there ; and poems and other pieces, exemplifying the dialect. By James Jennings, Honorary Secretary of the Metropolitan Library Institution, London.

Lowance. s. Allowance ; portion.

:_______________________________.

lwffyn LUU-fin› [ˡluˑfɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL
lwffod LUU-fod› [ˡluˑfɔd]
South Wales

1
hoodlum

ETYMOLOGY: (lwff = wastrel, ne’er-do-well) + (-yn diminutive suffix)

:_______________________________.

lwlen LUU-len› [ˡluˑlɛn] (feminine noun)
1
(North) < elwlen = kidney

:_______________________________.

lwlod LUU-lod› [ˡluˑlɔd] (plural noun)
1
North; = elwlod, plural of elwlen

:_______________________________.

lwmpio LUMP-yo› [ˡlʊmpjɔ] verb
1
(North Wales) throw; tip out (a load); overturn (cart, barrow)
See llympio

:_______________________________.




lwons LUU-ons› [ˡluˑɔns] masculine noun

1 (South-east Wales) a form of lwans (= allowance). See the standard form lwfans

:_______________________________.

lwyd LUID› [lʊɪd] adjective
1
Soft mutated form (ll > l) of llwyd = grey

(In Welsh the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun has soft mutation, as in the following names)

Y Berth-lwyd the grey hedge, farm 2km south of Aber-nant SN3323 (county of Caerfyrddin)

Y Bont Lwyd the grey bridge

Y Ffynnon-lwyd the holy well / the grey well, farm 4km east of Meidrim SN2820 (county of Caerfyrddin)

Y Graig Lwyd the grey rock

Y Garreg-lwyd the grey stone, farm 2km north-east of Crymych SN1833 (county of Penfro)

Y Waun-lwyd the grey moorland field, farm 4km south of Crymych SN1833 (county of Penfro)

NOTE: (1) Topographic names which are habitative names (house, farm, village, town) are written as a single word. If the final syllable is an accented monosyllabic word it is preceded by a hyphen. Thus Y Garreg-lwyd

(2) Topographic names which are not habitative names (hill, lake, stone, bridge, etc) are written with the elements separate. Hence Y Bont Lwyd

:_______________________________.

lychco LƏKH-ko› [ˡləxkɔ]
1
(county of Caerfyrddin) See! Look!

7279_lychco_090115
(delwedd 7279)

ETYMOLOGY: Second person plural or formal gwelwch yco (= see over there, see yonder) (In standard Welsh yco is acw = over there; aco is the older original form of both yco and acw)

Apparently the development is
(1) gwelwch yco (= see over there)
GWEE-lukh Ə-ko› [ˡgweˑlʊx ˡəkɔ]
(2) the loss of the first syllables, hence ’lwch ’co
lukh KO› [lʊx ˡkɔ]
(3) shift of accent ’lwch ’co
LUKH-ko› [ˡlʊxkɔ]
(4) change of the vowel
ə› [ə], ’lych ’co LƏKH-ko› [ˡləxkɔ]

NOTE: In Penfro county gwelwch yco has resulted in lechco or lochco.
In Penfro and adjoining lower Ceredigion the second person plural or formal gwelwch yna chi (= look there you) has given lechna chi

:_______________________________.

lyco LƏ-ko› [ˡləkɔ]
1
(county of Caerfyrddin) See! Look!

7280_lyco_090116

(delwedd 7280)

ETYMOLOGY: This is the second person singular gwêl yco
gwee-lə –ko› (= see over there), with the loss of the first syllable. (In standard Welsh yco is acw = over there)

NOTE: The ‘chi’ form (gwelwch yco = see yonder! look over there!) has given

(1) lychco (qv) in Caerfyrddin county, and

(2) in Penfro county lechco or lochco.

In Penfro and adjoining lower Ceredigion the second person plural or formal gwelwch yna chi (= look there you) has given lechna chi

:_______________________________.

lycoch lə -ko›[ˡləkɔx]
1
(county of Caerfyrddin) See! Look!

“Lycoch chi ’nawr! Pwy feddylse am hyna, welwch chi?” (Gwr y Dolau neu Ffordd y Troseddwr. Gan W. Llewelyn Williams. 1899. Tudalen / Page 19)
Well! Who would have thought that then?

ETYMOLOGY: ?re-formation of lychco (qv)
1ly-3ch-2co > 1ly-2co-3ch
< gwelwch yco (= see yonder)

NOTE: Standard Welsh acw (= over there) is in the South yco or ’co, from the older form aco, from which standard acw also comes

:_______________________________.

lydan LƏ-dan› [ˡlədan]
1
soft-mutated form of llydan (= wide)

See:

Garreglydan
(qv) (“wide stone, broad stone”) (farm name, county of Y Fflint),

Llech Lydan
(qv) (“wide rock, broad rock”) (name of a sea rock west of Llithfaen, Gwynedd)

Rhydlydan (qv) (“wide ford, broad ford”) (various places)

:_______________________________.

-lydrwydd ləd -ruidh› [ˡlədruið] suffix
1
adjectives with the suffix -lyd add the suffix -rwydd to form an abstract noun
toeslydrwydd doughiness

2
there has been elimination of the soft mutation: l > ll in certain contexts
seimllydrwydd greasiness

:_______________________________.

Lygan LƏ-gan› [ˡləgan] feminine noun
1
local form of Helygain he-LƏ-gan› [hɛˡləgain] (qv) SJ2171 locality in the county of Y Fflint, 5km south-east of Treffynnon

DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLLOQUIAL FORM:
(1) Helygain > Helygan; final syllable ai > a in this part of the county, as in north-western Welsh

(2) Helygan > Lygan loss of the first syllable, a common feature in spoken Welsh

:_______________________________.

lympio ləmp -yo› [ˡləmpjɔ] verb
1
(North Wales) throw; tip out (a load); overturn (cart, barrow)
See llympio

:_______________________________.

1 Lyn LIN› [lɪn] (masculine noun)
1
(= Llywelyn) man’s name, short form of Llywelyn

:_______________________________.

2 Lyn LIN› [lɪn] (feminine noun)
1
woman’s name (from English)

:_______________________________.

Lynwen LƏN wen› [ˡlənwɛn] (feminine noun)
1
woman’s name

:_______________________________.

lysh LƏsh› [ləʃ] (m)
1
lush = a (heavy) drinking session

mynd am lysh go drinking

 

dw i’n licio mynd ar y lysh I like to go on the booze

 

2 alcohol, alcoholic drinks

Methu penderfynu pun ai yfed lysh ta yfed coffi? Yfa goffi Gwyddelig bach!

Can’t decide whther to drink something alcoholic or drink coffee? Drink an Irish coffee!

 

yfed gormod o lysh drink too much alcohol

mynd i’r siop i brynu lysh o ryw fath go to the shop to get something alcoholic to drink

 

dw i ddim di twtsho lysh am wsnos wan I’ve not touched any alcohol for a week now

dw i ddim isio lysh i frecwast I don’t want any alchol for breakfast

 

3 (adj) drunk

mi oedda chdi’n lysh pan ddedast ti hynny you were drunk when you said that

 

meddwi’n lysh beipan get steaming drunk

oeddan nhw i gyd yn hollol lysh gachu they were all drunk out of their minds

paid â dreifio’n lysh gachu don’t drive when you’re drunk out of your mind

 

4 (South) (adj) attractive

y cyri mwya lysh i fi ga’l ers hydo’dd the finest curry I’ve had for ages

 

:_______________________________.

lyshio LƏSH-yo› [ˡləʃjɔ] (m)
1
(North Wales) to lush, to be on the lush (= to indulge in a drinking session)

Also ei lyshio hi

 

NOTE: Olde Cheshire Dialecte. http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm
lush : to drink heavily (Shropshire say loach)

 

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Adolygiadau diweddaraf – darreres actualitzacions - latest updates: 2009-11-02