kimkat1865e A Welsh to
English Dictionary in scroll-down format. Geiriadur Cymraeg a Saesneg ar
fformat sgrolio-i-lawr.
08-10-2020
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● ● ● ● kimkat1818e Cyfeirddalen y geiriadur hwn /
Index to the online dictionary http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_mynegai_1818e.htm
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L, l ‹èl› feminine noun
1)
twelfth letter of the twenty-six letter Roman alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 d 5 e, 6 f, 7 g, 8 h, 9 i, 10 j, 11 k, 12 l, 13 m, 14 n, 15 o, 16 p, 17 q, 18 r, 19 s, 20 t, 21 u, 22 v, 23 w, 24 x, 25 y, 26 z
2)
fifteenth letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y
:_______________________________.
l-
1 In polysyllables
there is usually the loss of a final l
in the clusters -bl, -dl, -gl in colloquial Welsh
..1/ banadl (= broom plants)
> banad
..2/ cwnstabl (= constable) > cwnstab
..3/ danadl (= nettles) > danad
..4/ mwsogl (= moss) > mwsog
..5/ perygl (= danger) > peryg
..6/ posibl (= possible) > posib
..7/ rhuddygl (= radish) > rhuddyg
..8/ triagl (= treacle) > triag
Note too the loss of the final ‘l’ after ‘t’ in the place-name Capeltydyst,
from the forename Tudwystl (tud = people) + soft mutation + (gwystl
= ransom)
Tudwystl > Tudwyst’
Tonic u can sometimes become the obscure vowel, hence Tudwyst’>
Tydwyst’
In the case of Tydwyst’> Tydyst’ the consonantal w has
also been lost
Addition of final “l” –
examples of the reverse process
..1/ In the case of the pair cwrwg /
cwrwgl (= coracle) the original form is in fact cwrwg to which an ‘l’ has been added in literary Welsh.
Similarly
..2/ tymestl (= storm) is from tymest (from Latin tempestus)
..3/ chwibanogl (= whistle) is from chwibanog
See the entry ‘r’ for examples
of a similar loss in colloquial Welsh with final r
aradr (= plough) > arad
Cadwaladr (= man’s name) >
’Dwalad,
ffenestr (= window) > ffenest, etc
:_______________________________.
labrwr ‹LA-brur› ‹ˡlabrʊr› masculine
noun
PLURAL
labrwyr, labrwrs (LABR-wir,
LA-brurs) ‹ˡlabrwɪr, ˡlabrʊrs›
1 workman
ETYMOLOGY: (labr-, stem of the verb labro = to labour) + (-wr suffix for forming nouns indicating
the agent, ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
Ladineg ‹la-dî-neg› feminine
noun
1 Ladin, a Rhaetian language spoken in South Tyrol
2 Ladin, a dialect of Romansch in the Inn River valley, in the canton of
Grisons, Switzerland
3 (adjective)
llyfr Ladineg a Ladin book
ETYMOLOGY: (Ladin = name of the
language) + (-eg suffix for
indicating languages) < English Ladin
< Ladin Ladin < Latin Latîn-us
:_______________________________.
lafwr ‹lâ -vur› masculine
noun
Also: lawr ‹laur›
1 Porphyra umbilicalis laver = type of
seaweed of the genus Porphyra with
edible fronds
2 See: bara lawr
ETYMOLOGY: English laver < Latin laver, species of water plant
:_______________________________.
Lai ‹LAI› feminine noun
1 Colloquial name for the river Elái ‹e-LAI› in
south-east Wales
(a) Blaen Lai ‹blain-LAI› source of
the river Elái
(b) Tre-lai ‹tre-LAI› suburb of
Caer-dydd on the western bank
See Elái
ETYMOLOGY: Lai < Elái
(loss of the pretonic vowel)
:_______________________________.
Lal = Sali ‹LAL› (feminine
noun)
1 diminutive of Welsh Sara / Sarah (= English “Sarah”)
:_______________________________.
Lali = Lal, Sali ‹LA li› (feminine noun)
1 diminutive of Welsh Sara / Sarah (= English “Sarah”)
:_______________________________.
lamp, lampau ‹LAMP, LAM pe› (feminine noun)
1 lamp
:_______________________________.
lamp ddarllen, lampau darllen ‹lamp DHAR lhen, lam pe DAR lhen› (feminine noun)
1 reading lamp
:_______________________________.
lan ‹lan›
1 soft mutated form of glan (=
river bank; slope, hillside, hill)
y lan the bank, etc
It is used in some place names as a radical from instead of glan
..a/ Lan-dŵr
From lan y dŵr “(the) edge (of) the water”, brook side, with
the loss of the linking definite article y, a common feature in place
names
(the expected form would be glan y dŵr)
Name of a village in
the county of Abertawe
..b/ Lan-y-nant
Wm David, Lanynant in Lantarnam 23 Mar 1817 (aged) 68
(Mentioned in Llantarnam Burials
1813-74) http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~monfamilies/llantarnbur1813-74.htm
..c/ Lan-y-parc
From lan y parc “(the) hillside (of) the field”
(the expected form would be glan y parc)
This is a street name in Llancaeach, county of Caerffili (spelt as “Lan y
Parc”)
2 soft mutated form of
llan (= church; village with a parish church)
y llan the church, etc;
but o lan i lan from church to
church
:_______________________________.
lan (= i lan) ‹LAN› (adverb) (South Wales)
1 up
mynd i lan > mynd lan go up
dod i lan > dod lan come up
:_______________________________.
-lan ‹lan›
1 qualified element
in a compound noun, soft mutated form of llan
(= enclosure, cell, church)
..1/ cadeirlan cathedral (cadair = chair, bishop’s throne)
..2/ corlan sheepfold (cor- from Old Welsh cordd = flock)
..3/ ydlan rickyard (ŷd = corn)
2 qualified element in a compound noun, soft mutated form of glan (= bank, shore)
..1/ ceulan riverbank
..2/ morlan seaside (not a word in
general use; used in house names)
..3/ torlan river bank
:_______________________________.
Y Lan ‹ə lan›
1 A farm north-east
of Bryncethin (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) on Heol Cefncarfan, the road from
Brycethin to Heol-y-cyw
2 A farm at Pen-y-graig-wen, Pont-ty-pridd (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hillside” (or hillside pasture)
(y = definite article) + soft
mutation + (glan = hillside, hill)
:_______________________________.
landeg ‹lan-deg› adjective
1 soft-mutated form of glandeg
(= fair)
It occurs as an epithet.
Siarl Landeg Charles the Fair
Siarli Landeg Bonnie Prince Charlie
NOTE: In older Welsh, the initial consonant of an epithet, if mutatable, was
soft-mutated. Thus glandeg > landeg.
When the Welsh were obliged to use fixed surnames, some individuals,
instead of using a patronymic form – ap Siôn > Jone’s son > Jones
– used an epithet by which they were known, and Landeg became a fixed
surname, centred especially in the Afan valley by Aberafan / Port Talbot.
Other examples of the soft mutation in this circumstance are coch (=
red-haired) > goch (surname Goch, in English as Gough),
bychan (= junior, the younger) > fychan (surname Fychan,
in English as Vaughan)
:_______________________________.
landlord ‹land -lord› masculine
noun
PLURAL
landlordiaid ‹land- lord -yed›
1 landlord =
landowner, owner of land
Usually: tirfeddiannwr
2 landlord = person who rents land or accommodation to a tenant
3 landlord = pub owner or manager, tavern keeper
Usually: tafarnwr
ETYMOLOGY: English landlord (land + lord)
:_______________________________.
landlord absennol ‹land -lord ab-se-nol› masculine
noun
PLURAL
%landlordiaid absennol ‹land- lord -yed ab-se-nol›
1 absentee
landlord, landowner who lives away from the land or property he rents out
:_______________________________.
landlordiaeth ‹land-lord-yeth› feminine
noun
1 landlordism = system of renting out land or property, sometimes in the
sense of renting out at an exhorbitant rent
:_______________________________.
landri ‹lan -dri› feminine
noun
PLURAL
landris ‹lan -dris›
1 laundry = place
to wash clothes
ETYMOLOGY: 1900+; English laundry
< lavendry < Old French <
Latin lavâre (= to wash)
Also: londri
:_______________________________.
landro ‹lan -dro› verb
1 verb with an object launder =
wash and iron
ETYMOLOGY: 1770; from English {lándər} to launder = to wash; (landr-)
+ (-o suffix for forming verbs); launder (to wash, originally a noun =
washerwoman) < Old French lavandiere
(= washerwoman) < Latin lavâre (=
to wash)
:_______________________________.
lándrofer ‹lan -dro-ver› masculine
noun
PLURAL
lándrofers, lándroferi ‹lan -dro-vers, lan-dro- ve -ri›
1 landrover = type
of vehicle for the road and rough terrain
ETYMOLOGY: English, name of a make of vehicle (land + rover)
:_______________________________.
Y
Landsger ‹land -sker› feminine
noun
1 the Landsker, the boundary line between the Welsh language and the
English language in the county of Penfro
:_______________________________.
Lan-dŵr ‹lan- duur›
1 village in the county of Abertawe
English name: Landore
ETYMOLOGY: (“Lan y Dŵr”) (“the) edge (of) the water”, brook side)
(the expected form would be glan y dŵr)
Lan is used in some place names as a
radical from instead of glan
(glan = river bank, stream’s edge) +
(y = the) + (dŵr = water, stream)
The linking definite article y is
often omitted in place names
:_______________________________.
lanfa ‹lan -va›
1 soft-mutated form of glanfa (=
landing place, landing stage, landing, wharf)
2 Y Lanfa street in Trefechan,
Aberystwyth (county of Ceredigion) (“the wharf, the landing place”, etc)
:_______________________________.
lansio ‹LAN sho› (verb)
1 to launch
2 safle lansio launching pad
:_______________________________.
Lan-y-parc ‹lan ə park›
1 (“Lan y Parc”) (“(the) hill (of) the field”)
Street name in Llancaeach, county of Caerffili
ETYMOLOGY: (the expected form would be glan
y parc)
Lan is used in some place names as a
radical from instead of glan
(glan = river bank; slope, hillside,
hill) + (y = the) + (parc = field)
:_______________________________.
Y Lan
Wen ‹ə lan WEN›
1 hill near Dôl-fach, Powys SN9172
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/580857
ETYMOLOGY: (“the white slope”)
(y = the) + (glan = river bank; slope, hillside, hill) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn =
white)
:_______________________________.
lapio ‹LAP-yo› (v)
1 wrap, wrap up
2 lapio ar (rywun) tuck (somebbody)
up (in bed) ENG-Z
3 lapio (hrywbeth) am (rywbeth) wrap
(sth) around (sth)
4 lapio am (rywun) gather round
Bu’r cymdogion yn lapio am ei hen
gydnabod yn nyddiau eu gwendid
The neighbours gathered around their
ols acquaintance in his ill-health (“weakness”)
ETYMOLOGY: dialect English to lap
(= to wrap)
BBC Website - Domesday Site 1986 -
Shopshire Dialect
lapping up - to wrap up a sheep’s fleece
:_______________________________.
lapsgóws ‹lob-SGOUS› m
1 (South Wales) stew made from meat leftovers
ETYMOLOGY: English lobscouse (= a stew eaten by sailors), noted in English in the 1700s, of unkbown origin, but cf Dutch lapskous, German Lapskaus.
North
Wales: lobsgóws
:_______________________________.
lapswchad ‹lap-SUU-khad› feminine
noun
PLURAL
lapswchadau ‹lap-su-KHAA-de›
(South-west Wales)
1 sloppy kiss, long kiss
ETYMOLOGY: (lapswch-, stem of lapswchan = give a sloppy kiss) + (-ad suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
lapswcho ‹lap-sû -kho› verb
(South-west Wales)
1 (without an object) give a sloppy kiss, give a long kiss
2 (with an object) give a sloppy kiss to, give a long kiss to
ETYMOLOGY: (lap- = to lick) + (swch = lips) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: also lapswchan
:_______________________________.
larwm,
larymau ‹LA rum, la RƏ me› (masculine noun)
1 alarm = device to give a warning
botwm larwm (m), botymau larwm alarm button
canu’r larwm to sound the alarm
y larwm yn canu the alarm + sounding
pan fo’r larwm yn canu when the
alarm sounds
y larwm yn canu'n ddireswm the alarm sounding
for no reason
y larwm yn canu heb
achos da the alarm sounding for no reason (“without good cause”)
cychwyn larwm to set off an alarm
byddai’r larwm yn diffodd ar ôl canu am bum munud
the alarm would switch off after sounding for five minutes
cloch larwm (f), clychau larwm alarm bell
larwm byrgler burglar alarm (a more colloquial expression than larwm lladron) ‹la rum BəR gler›
larwm byrgleriaid burglar alarm (a
more correct form, with the plural of byrgler,
used in written Welsh, of larwm byrgler)
larwm lladron ‹la rum LHA dron› burglar alarm (the standard expression in Welsh; “alarm (of) thieves”)
larwm mwg smoke alarm
larwm tân ‹la rum TAAN› fire alarm
2 alarm= device to wake up someone sleeping
cloc larwm alarm clock
:_______________________________.
ºlas ‹laas› adjective
1 Soft mutated form (g > ZERO) of glas
(= blue, green)
Heol ºLas, (the) green road
Ynys ºLas, (the) green meadow
(In these names there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective
which follows a feminine noun)
:_______________________________.
ºLasynys ‹las- ə -nis›
1 (SH5932) locality in the district
of Meirionnydd (county of Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: “y ºlasynys” (y =
definite article) + soft mutation + (glasynys
= green island; green meadow)
:_______________________________.
Latfia ‹lat -vya› feminine
noun
1 Latvia
:_______________________________.
Latfiad ‹lat -vyad› masculine
or feminine noun
PLURAL
Latfiadau ‹lat-vyed›
1 Latvian
ETYMOLOGY: (Latfi- stem of Latfia = Latvia) + (-ad suffix to indicate the inhabitant
of a country)
:_______________________________.
Latfiaidd ‹lat -vyedh› adjective
1 Latvian = relating to Latvia (but not the language, for which the
adjective is Latfieg)
ETYMOLOGY: (Latfi- stem of Latfia = Latvia) + (-ad suffix to form adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Latfieg ‹lat-vyeg› feminine
noun
1 Latvian = the language of Latvia
2 (adjective) Latvian = relating to the language of Latvia
ETYMOLOGY: (Latfi- stem of Latfia = Latvia) + (-ad suffix to indicate a language)
:_______________________________.
LATIN
(1)
WELSH WORDS ULTIMATELY FROM LATIN WHICH ARE EXAMPLES OF A QUALIFYING ADJECTIVE
BECOMING THE BASIS OF THE WELSH WORD AFTER THE QUALIFIED NOUN IS DROPPED
DEGWM = tithe
Welsh < British *dekum- < Latin decuma
(pars) = tenth (part)
EFER = darnel
Latin êbriacus
(= drunk) > êbrius
êbriaca (herba) = drunk (grass), grass which causes drunkenness > Old
French ivraie (= rye grass) >
Middle English ever (now only in
south-eastern English dialect) (= darnel, Lolium
temulentum) > Welsh efer (=
darnel, Lolium temulentum)
LLONG = ship
Latin longus (= long)
(nâvis) longa = long (ship) >
British *long- > Welsh llong (= boat, ship)
STRYD = street
Latin strâtus
(= straight)
(via) strâta = straight (road) >
English street > Welsh stryd, strŷt (= street)
Also
an example from Greek via Latin:
MAGNÊS (name of a district)
magned < English magnet < Middle English magnete
< Latin magnes (= magnet) <
Greek ho magnês (lithos)
= the Magnesian
(stone), the stone from Magnês, a region abundant in minerals
:_______________________________.
LATIN
(2)
LATIN HAS A NUMBER OF WORDS OF CELTIC ORIGIN WHICH CORRESPOND TO WORDS IN
MODERN WELSH; THE WELSH WORDS ARE DIRECT FROM CELTIC, AND NOT FROM LATIN
1 Welsh cant (now - wheel rim;
originally - circle, rim, periphery). Latin cant(us) (= metal tyre, iron band around a wheel) < IndoEuropean
*kantho- (= corner).
Greek has kanthos (= felloe of a
wheel).
Canthus is used in English as an
anatomical term – “either corner of the eye, where the
eyelids meet” but originally applied to the entire edge of the eyelid.
French has canton (administrative
district) from Occitan canton <
Latin cantus
2 Welsh ceffyl (=
horse). Latin caball(us) (= horse)
:_______________________________.
lawer bore ‹lau-er bô-re› adverb
1 many a morning, on many mornings
Lawer bore roeddwn ar fy ffordd am wyth
o’r gloch
Many mornings I was on my way at eight o’ clock
ETYMOLOGY: (llawer = many) + (bore = morning); llawer bore > lawer bore
(the soft mutation of the initial consonant of the first word in the phrase
indicates that this is an adverbial)
:_______________________________.
lawer
gwaith ‹lau-er gwaith› adverb
1 many a time, many times, on many occasions
Rwyf wedi dweud lawer gwaith nad oes gen
i fawr o ddiddordeb mewn chwaraeon
I’ve said many a time that I’m not really interested in sport
Yr wyf lawer gwaith wedi meddwl
ysgrifennu am ein pentref fel yr oedd slawer dydd
I’ve often thought about writing about how our village was in the past
ETYMOLOGY: (llawer = many) + (gwaith = time).
llawer gwaith > lawer gwaith (the soft mutation of the
initial consonant of the first word in the phrase indicates that this is an
adverbial)
:_______________________________.
lawn
cymaint ‹laun kə-maint› adverbi
1 just as much, to the same extent
Rw i’n hoffi’r darlun bach ‘ma – ond rw
i’n hoffi’r darlun arall lawn cymaint
I like this small picture – but I like the other picture just as much
ETYMOLOGY: (llawn = full) + (cymaint so much, the same quantity).
There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases, hence llawn > lawn (ll > l)
:_______________________________.
lawnt ‹launt› feminine
noun
PLURAL
lawntiau, lawntydd ‹launt –ye, laun -tidh›
1 lawn
lawnt gefn back lawn = area of lawn
behind a house
ar y lawnt flaen on the front lawn
Lawnt y Tŷ Gwyn The White House
Lawn (Washington DC)
lawnt fynwent a cemetery lawn
lawnt y fynwent the cemetery lawn
lawnt blas a mansion lawn
lawnt y plas the mansion lawn, the lawn in front of the mansion
Lawnt y Plas place in Dinas Mawddwy
(Gwynedd)
lawnt werdd green lawn
Y Lawnt, a house in Conwy
Mentioned in the catalogue of Archifau Sir Gwynedd / Gwynedd County Archives: (Year) 1797. Samuel Price of Bennerth, co.
Caernarfon, Esq. DRAFT LEASE for a year of a house in the town of Conwy, co.
Caernarfon called the Lawnt.
Ysgol y Lawnt
Welsh-medium secondary school in Rhymni, Caerffili county.
2 (place names) woodland clearing
Cf dialect English lawn (= clearing)
3 (heraldry) field
4 lawnt y pentre village green
Lawnt y Pentre street name in Y
Fflint
Y Lawnt street in the centre of Dolgellau
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/329754 Y Lawnt
5 green (for
certain sports)
lawnt fowlio bowling green
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh lawnt is from
Middle English launde (1300) <
Old French lande (= clearing)
Middle English launde is the origin
of Modern English lawn
See llan (= church)
:_______________________________.
law
yn llaw ‹lau ən LHAU› (adverb)
1 hand in hand
:_______________________________.
lechco ‹lekh -ko›
1 (county of
Penfro) see! look!
See lychco < gwelwch chi yco –
see over there
:_______________________________.
lechna
chi ‹lekh-na-khii›
1 (county of
Penfro) see! look!
See lychco
ETYMOLOGY: gwelwch yna chi ‘look
there you’
:_______________________________.
lèd ‹LED› (masculine noun)
1 lead (of a pencil)
:_______________________________.
lefel, lefelau / lefelydd ‹LE-vel, le-VÊ-le, le-VÊ-lidh› (feminine noun)
1 level
2 level = drift in a mine, horizontal or nearly horizontal passageway
opened up from a hillside
lefel lo coal level
Tai-lefel-lo = tai’r lefel lo “(the) houses (by) the coal level”
Name of a row of houses in Rhymni, county of Caerffili
:_______________________________.
leiaf ‹lei -a› adjective
1 soft-mutated form of lleiaf (=
smallest; and in parish names, minor)
Saint Andras Leiaf parish by
Dinaspowys
(Saint Andras) + soft mutation + (lleiaf = smallest, least)
English name: Saint Andrews Minor
:_______________________________.
lein,
leiniau ‹LEIN, LEIN ye› (feminine noun)
1 line
2 lein ddillad, PLURAL: leiniau dillad clothes line, cord on
which to hang washing to dry
polyn lein clothes pole, pole for
the clothes line
fel polyn lein (North Wales) thin
(“like a clothes pole”)
3 lein bysgota fishing line
:_______________________________.
Leision ‹lei -shon›
1 soft-mutated form
(ll > l) of the man’s name Lleision
used as a genitive form in certain place names
(1) Coed Leison (“(the) wood (of)
Lleision”) name of a wood west of Pendeulwyn (Bro Morgannwg)
(2) Gwaunleision (“(the) moor (of)
Lleision”) name of a village by Gwauncaegurwen (county of Castell-nedd ac
Aberafan)
Also a street in this place: Waunleision
:_______________________________.
lem ‹lem› adjective
1 a feminine form with soft mutation;
llym = harsh (masculine form) > llem (feminine form) > lem (with soft mutation of initial
‘ll’)
cosb lem a harsh punishment, a heavy
penalty
cyllell lem a sharp knife
:_______________________________.
lemon, lemonau ‹LE mon, le MO ne› (masculine noun)
1 lemon
:_______________________________.
lemonêd
‹le mo NEED› (masculine noun)
1 lemonade
:_______________________________.
’leni ‹le ni› 1 this year
NOTE: colloquial form < eleni, with
the loss of the first syllable (in this case the pretonic syllable)
:_______________________________.
Lerpwl ‹ler-pul› feminine
noun
1 Liverpool, a city in the North-west of England
aderyn Lerpwl liver bird, a mythical
bird which is the symbol of Liverpool. (Formerly a crow was on the town’s coat
of arms, but on the town’s seal (in the 1700s?) the artist had made such a poor
job of representing the crow that it became known as a special type of bird, a
‘Liverpool bird’‹li-və-puul› or ‘liver bird’ ‹lái-və›)
2 Bae Lerpwl Liverpool Bay
3 Nerpwl a Northern Welsh form
of ‘Lerpwl’. The initial ‘n’ is explained as being the final syllable of the
preposition yn in the phrase yn Lerpwl = in Liverpool
4 Llynlleifiad ‹lhin-lheiv-yad› an invented form used instead of
‘Lerpwl’, popular in literature in the 1800s (llyn = lake, pool, lleif-
<LHEIV> an adaptation of the first sylllable ‘liv’ in ‘Liverpool’, and -iad suffix corresponding to English -er, but usually both are agent
suffixes)
5 Tŷ Lerpwl Liverpool
House; in names of emporia (retail stores selling a wide range of goods) in
certain Welsh towns the 1800s, where the goods came from Liverpool. (Usually
the name of the store was in English) and it indicated the provenance of the
merchandise.
cf.
Tŷ Llundain London House
(London = a city in south-east England),
Tŷ Manceinion Manchester House
(Manchester = a city in north-west England),
Tŷ Birmingham Birmingham House
(Birmingham = a city in midland England)
6 Lerpwl house name, Abergwyngregyn SH 6572 (county of Conwy), mentioned in the 1851 Census
ETYMOLOGY: Middle
English Lerpool ‹lérpuul› = Liverpool
:_______________________________.
les, lesoedd ‹LEES, LE-soidh, -sodh › (feminine noun)
(Formal Welsh: prydles)
1 lease
adnewyddu prydles to renew a lease
ty^ ar les house to let (formal Welsh: ty^ar
osod)
gallu cymryd les ar eich bywyd (“be able to take (out) a lease on your life”)
to be in the fullness of health, be in perfect health, be perfectly healthy (expression
from the practice of taking out a lease on a property for one’s lifetime).
Tarian y Gweithiwr 10 Ionawr 1901.
CWMBACH, ABERDAR. MARWOLAETH.
Rhwyddach fil waith ydyw dychmygu na desgrifio y tristwch a daenodd dros Cwmbach
a'r cyffiniau ar dderbyniad y newydd annysgwyliadwy am farwolaeth sydyn Tom
Jones, Patent Fuel House, Cwmbach, un o ddynion ieuainc parchusaf yr ardal, yn
yr oedran cynarol o 29 mlwydd oed. Cymerodd yr amgylchiad galarus le ar ddydd
cyntaf y flwyddyn newydd a'r canrif newydd, ar ol ychydig ddyddiau o gystudd. Ychydig
iawn o amser cyn ei farwolaeth gallesid cymeryd lease ar ei fywyd gan mor gadarn
a chryf yr ymddangosai, ond ysywaeth y mae y cyfaill anwyl Tom Jones mewn byd
arall o ran ei enaid, ac yn y bedd o ran ei gorff.
CWM-BACH, ABER-DÂR. DEATH It's a
thousand times easier to imagine than to describe the sadness that spread over
Cwmbach and the surrounding area on receiving the unwelcome news of the sudden
death of Tom Jones, Patent Fuel House, Cwmbach, one of the area's most
respected young men, at the early age of 29 years . The lamentable occurrence took
place on the first day of the new year and the new century, after a few days of
illness. Shortly time before his death he was perfectly healthy (“a lease could have been taken on his life”) from
how robust and strong he appeared, but sadly our dear friend Tom Jones is in
another world in terms of his soul, and in his grave in terms of his body.
From English LEASE [le:s], now
[li:s].
:_______________________________.
Letys ‹ LE tis› (feminine noun)
1 (obsolete) Female name, from Middle English LETTICE, from Latin LETITIA
(= joy, gladness, delight) < LAETUS (= glad)
Name of a farm by Penpergwm,
Llanofer, Sir Fynwy SO3210
On the map as Parc Lletis (i.e. Parclletys), but earlier forms are various
spellings of Parcletys
:_______________________________.
letysen, letys ‹le TƏ sen, LE tis› (feminine noun)
1 lettuce
:_______________________________.
lewcemia ‹leu-kem-ya› masculine
noun
1 leukemia (England: leukaemia)
ETYMOLOGY: English leukaemia, <
New Greek (19th century) (leuco-
< leukos = white) + (haima = blood)
:_______________________________.
Lewis
‹LEU is› (masculine noun)
1 Lewis
A name of Norman origin in Wales,
used to replace the native name Llywelyn because of its similarity in form. Some
eighteenth- and nineteenth-century poets with the forename or surname Lewis adopted
pen names with Llywelyn (or Llywelyn).
:_______________________________.
libart ‹LII-bart› (masculine noun)
1 sheep pasture on a hilltop or hillside
Also libiart
From English liberty,
via a dialect form libarty.
Loss of a final –i occurs in other words taken from English where the i
is the post-post-tonic syllable.
English SOCÍETY > Welsh soséiati > soséiat > seiat (= weekday church meeting for full
members of a chapel)
Middle English ALCAMY (= tin) > Welsh álcami > alcam (=
tin)
Middle English MELODY > Welsh mélodi (still extant), melod (obsolete)
:_______________________________.
Lewsyn ‹LEU sin› (masculine noun)
1 Lewis (diminutive form)
:_______________________________.
lico ‹LI ko› (verb)
1 to like (colloquial, South)
:_______________________________.
licris ‹LI-kris› (masculine noun)
1 licorice (USA), liquorice, liquorish (Englandic)
licris cymysg liquorish allsorts
ETYMOLOGY: English liquorice < Old French licoresse
(modern French has réglisse) < Latin liquiritia
< Greek glukurrhiza
(glukus
= sweet) + (rhiza = root)
NOTE: Also lícorish, licrish
Few words have suffered so many
distortions as liquorice. The original is Greco-Lat[in]. glycyrrhiza,
literally "sweet root," corrupted into Latin liquiritia,
whence Fr[ench]. reglisse, Ital[ian]. legorizia, regolizia,
and Ger[man]. Lakritze. The Mid[dle]. English form licoris would appear to
have been influenced by orris, a plant which also has a sweet root,
while the modern spelling is perhaps due to liquor.
The Romance of Words / Ernest Weekley, M.A / 1912 / p.127
:_______________________________.
lifft, lifftiau ‹LIFT, LIFT ye› (masculine noun)
1 (USA: elevator) (Englandic: lift)
ETYMOLOGY: English lift
:_______________________________.
lifftiwr ‹lift -yur› masculine noun
PLURAL
lifftwyr ‹lift-wir›
1 liftman, lift
operator
2 liftman, lift repairer
ETYMOLOGY: (lifft = lift) + (-i-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
lili,
lilis ‹LI li, LI lis› (feminine noun)
1 lily
2 lili’r Forwyn madonna lily
(Lilium candidum)
:_______________________________.
lili'r Grog ‹li-lir groog› feminine noun
1 Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) lily (of) the cross”) (lili
= lily) + (yr = definite article) +
soft mutation + (crog = cross,
gallows)
:_______________________________.
Lilwen ‹lil-wen› feminine noun
1 female forename
ETYMOLOGY: apparently “lily” (lil- first syllable of lili = lily)
+ (-wen suffix for forming female names)
:_______________________________.
*lim- ‹lim›
1 Celtic root = marsh, < *lei- (= to flow)
This is the origin of Welsh llif (= flow, current)
Celtic *lim- > British *lim- > Welsh llif
It is very likely the origin of numerous river names in Continental Europe
and in the islands of Britain and Ireland
Afon Llifon SH4555 near Llandwrog, Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/789025
……………………………………
Llifon an old division (cwmwd / kúmmud) of Ynys Môn
Place names in Britain outside Wales:
(some may not equate exactly to Llifon, being lim- with another suffix)
……………………………………
“Afon Llifon” River Lympne [lim] (Kent, England) Portus Lemanus in
Latin; the
river name became Limden in English, though the current name for this is the
River Rother
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/748348 TR1134 Lemanis Roman Fort
……………………………………
“Afon Llifon” SP3868 River Leam [lem] (Northamptonshire and
Warwickshire, England)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1109786
River Leam at Eathorpe
……………………………………
“Afon Llifon” River Lymn [lim] (Lancashire, England)
……………………………………
“Afon Llifon” River Lymn [lim] (Lincolnshire, England)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/512914
TF3768 River Limm at Sausthorpe
……………………………………
“Afon Llifon” River Lemon (Devon, England)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/87270
SX8072 The Lemon Valley at Bickington
“Afon Llifon” River Leeming (North Yorkshire, England)
……………………………………
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SE2989
Leeming Village
“Afon Llifon” Lymm [lim] (Cheshire, England)
SJ6886 The town name apparently from the old name for Bradley Brook flowing
through the centre of Lymm
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/49101
Lymm Dam
……………………………………
“Afon Llifon” Lyme Brook (Staffordshire, England);
Newcastle under Lyme
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=309009
SJ8543 Lyme Brook
Also Lyme SJ9683, or Lyme Handley, in Macclesfield, a small civil parish
between Disley and Stockport
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/263427
This “Lyme” is the former name for an upland area in eastern Cheshire, and is
more likely to be from British leman-io- (= elm tree)
……………………………………
“Afon Llifon” Uisge Leamhna / River Leven (Scotland)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/141459
NS3977 River Leven at Renton
……………………………………
“Afon Llifon” Lymington (Hampshire, England) Old English (Lemun-
river name) + (tûn = farm)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/887293
Lymington SZ3295
……………………………………
“Afon Llifon” River Leven [lévøn] (Cumbria, England)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/98184 SD3584 River Leven in backbarrow
……………………………………
“Afon Llifon” Inbhir Lìobhann (Leven, Fife: across the river in Methill
is Innerleven)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/831298
NO3800 Beach at Leven
……………………………………
“Afon Llifon” SY3492 River Lim (also spelt Lym), at Lyme Regis (Dorset,
England)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/712744
River Lym, at Lyme Regis
……………………………………
(delwedd 7417)
The names with ‘m’
(Lyme, Lemon, Lym(inton), Lympne, Lymn, Lyme, Lymm, Leeming) indicate that the
name was consolidated in English during the British period, when the British
word had [m]; names with [v] (Leven) indicate that they were consolidated in
English when British had become Old Welsh, and the intervocalic [m] had become
[v], and survives as such in modern Welsh.
Continental Names:
Lac Léman, Genève / Geneva (Lemannus Lacus), which would be “[Llyn] Llifon” in
contemporary Welsh
Limonum (Latin name of the tribal centre of the tribe known in Latin as the
Pictones, or their later name in Latin Pictavi. It is the site of modern-day
Poitiers.) (Equivalent to “Llifon” in modern Welsh)
“Llif-” Lemausum. Modern-day Limours, south-west of Paris.
“Llif-” fluvia Limia (Pliny). Modern-day Limanha (name of a plain in
Occitania) (French: Limagne), by Clarmont d’Alvèrnia or Clarmont-Ferrand in
Occitania (French: Clermont-Ferrand)
NOTE: Although some or all of these river names may be derived from British leman-io-
(= elm tree) it seems an unlikely tree to have given its name to so many
rivers (although in Britain the oak tree – derwen – has given rise to
many river names)
:_______________________________.
Lisa ‹LI sa› (feminine noun)
1 (diminutive form of Elisabeth) Lisa
:_______________________________.
litr, litrau ‹LI tər, LI tre› (masculine noun)
1 litre
:_______________________________.
liw dydd ‹liu diidh› adverb
1 by day, in daylight
breuddwydio liw dydd daydreaming
ETYMOLOGY: (lliw = light) + (dydd = day); there is soft mutation of
the first consonant of an adverbial phrase, in this case ll > l; lliw dydd > liw dydd
:_______________________________.
liwt,
liwtiau ‹LIUT, LIUT ye› (feminine noun)
1 lute
:_______________________________.
LL, ll ‹èlh› feminine
noun
1) sixteenth letter of the twenty-nine
letter Welsh alphabet
..1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y
:_______________________________.
llaath ‹lhaath›
southern form of llaeth (= milk)
Usually spelt llâth / lla’th
See aa
:_______________________________.
llääth ‹lhääth›
South-eastern form of llaeth (=
milk)
Usually spelt llêth / llæth
See aa / llaath
:_______________________________.
llabwst,
llabystiau ‹LHA bust, lha BƏST ye› (masculine noun)
1 lout
:_______________________________.
llabyddiad ‹lha- bədh -yad› masculine
noun
PLURAL
llabyddiadau ‹lha-bədh-yâ -de›
1 lapidation,
throwing stones as a punishment in order to hurt or kill
ETYMOLOGY: (llabydd-i-, stem of llabyddio = throw stones) + (-ad = suffix for forming nouns denoting
an action)
:_______________________________.
llabyddio ‹lha- bədh -yo› verb
1 stone, punish by throwing stones at
Ioan 10:33
Yr Iddewon a atebasant iddo, gan
ddywedyd, Nid am weithred dda yr ydym yn dy labyddio, ond am gabledd, ac am dy
fod di, a thithau yn ddyn, yn dy wneuthur dy hun yn Dduw
John 10:33
The Jews answered him, saying, For a good work we stone thee not; but for
blasphemy; and because thou, being a man, makest thyself God.
2 stone to death
Eseciel 23:47
A’r dyrfa a’u llabyddiant hwy â meini,
ac a’u torrant hwy â’u cleddyfau; au meibion a’u merched a laddant, a’u tai a
losgant â thai.
Ezekiel 23:47
And the company shall stone them with stones, and dispatch them with their
swords; they shall slay their sons and their daughters, and burn up their
houses with fire
Brenhinoedd-1 21:14
Yna yr anfonasant hwy at Jesebel, gan
ddywedyd, Naboth a labyddiwyd, ac a fu farw
Kings-1 21:14
Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead
3 strongly criticise, censure;
Mae tueddiad i labyddio’r teledu am fod yn felltith fwyaf ein cyfnod
There’s a tendency to criticise the television as being the biggest curse
of our times
4 South Wales ei labyddio ei hun tire oneself out,
overdo it, kill oneself through overwork
ETYMOLOGY: (llabydd-) + (+-io); the element llabydd- < llebydd-
< British *lapid- < Latin lapid-, from the radical form lapis = stone. The change e to a was made by William Salesbury (c1529-95), translator of the New
Testament (1567) into Welsh, to imitate the spelling of the Latin word) .
In Breton labezañ = to lapidate, to
stone; to deprecate; to make dirty
:_______________________________.
llabyddiwr ‹lha- bədh -yur› masculine
noun
PLURAL
llabyddwyr ‹lha-bədh -wir›
1 stone thrower
ETYMOLOGY: (llabydd-i-, stem of llabyddio = throw stones) + (-wr = agent suffix, man)
:_______________________________.
llaca ‹LHA-ka› (m)
(South Wales)
1 mud (Scots: lair)
2 slime, dirt, muck
3 trw'r llaid a'r llaca through the mud and mire
4 fel moch mewn llaca like a pig
wallowing in the mud
5 Pwll-llaca SO0056 Farm by Y Bontnewydd ar Wy, Powys
(Spelt “Pwllaca” on the Ordnance Survey map)
pwll y llaca “(the) pool (of) the mud”, the mud pool
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=230794
map
ETYMOLOGY: Cf Breton lec’hid (= mud)
:_______________________________.
llac ‹LHAK› (adjective)
1 loose
2 (garment) llac eich gwead loose woven
:_______________________________.
llàch ‹lhakh› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llàchiau ‹lhakh -ye›
1 slash, whiplash,
lashing, whipstroke, stroke with a whip
2 county of Ceredigion làch = deed, something good or bad done
by someone
3 used figuratively, severe criticism; compare the use of ‘lashing’ is used
in English (1) flogging (2) scolding, chastisement
rhoi làch ar give a lashing to; to criticise severely (“put
a lash on”)
bod gennych eich làch ar have it in
for someone, be very critical of (“have your lash on”)
bod gennych eich hen làch ar have it
in for someone, be very critical of (“have your old lash on”)
dan eich làch (“be under your
lash”), be the object of criticism, be under fire
taflu eich llàch ar let loose on,
flagellate, excoriate, criticise (severely) (“throw your lash on”)
Fe daflodd ei làch ar ystadegau Cylch yr Iaith
ynglyn â Saesneg ar y radio
He criticised the statistics of Cylch yr Iaith (organisation for the defence of
Welsh, ‘the Language Circle’) regarding English (in Welsh-language programmes)
on the radio
cael llàch = (“get a whipstroke”) be
criticised
4 làch o ddyn = a vigorous man,
a strong man
5 hen làch = a listless man
6 adlach backlash
ETYMOLOGY: English lash, unknown
origin, possibly onomatopaeic.
The change of English sh > Welsh ch is to be seen too in the word fflàch (= flash), from English flash
:_______________________________.
llacio ‹lhak -yo› verb
1 to loosen
Llaciodd ei dei He loosened his tie
Llaciodd ei gafael yn y mwclis She loosened her grip on the necklace
ETYMOLOGY: (llac = loose) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
lladd
1 to kill
Lladdwyd pob un ohonynt Every one of them was killed
Fe’i lladda i e! I’ll kill him!
2 Sayings:
A laddo a leddir He who lives by the sword will die by the sword
(“the-one-who / would-kill / (is) / the-one-who / is-killed”)
Busnesu a laddodd y gath Curiosity
killed the cat (“(it-is) busybodying that killed the cat”)
3 lladd ysbryd y gelyn lower the enemy’s morale (“kill (the) spirit
(of) the enemy”)
4 fel lladd nadroedd frantically
(of work done at great speed) (“like killing snakes”)
bod wrthi fel lladd nadroedd be
working away frantically, be working like mad
5 darnladd / darn-ladd
half-kill, beat somebody to within an inch of death, give a real belting to,
give a real hiding to, to throttle, etc
Colloquially with the loss of the ‘n’ - dar-ladd ‹dar-laadh›, darladd ‹dar-ladh›, dyrladd ‹dər-ladh›
(darn = part) + soft mutation + (lladd = to kill)
6 lladd yr iâr a cholli’r cywion to
kill the goose that lays the golden eggs (“kill the hen and lose the chicks”) –
through greed, wanting everything at once, to destroy a source of wealth
7 lladd â phluen (“kill with (a) feather”) damn with faint praise
8 (obsolete meaning; occurs in some fixed expressions) to cut
1-Brenhineodd 7:9 Hyn oll
oedd o feini costus, wedi eu naddu wrth fesur, a’u lladd â llif, oddi fewn ac oddi allan, a
hynny o’r sylfaen hyd y llogail; ac felly o’r tu allan hyd y cyntedd mawr.
1-Kings 7:9 All these
were of costly stones, according to the measures of hewed stones, sawed with
saws, within and without, even from the foundation unto the coping, and so on
the outside toward the great court.
lladd gwair to cut hay
:_______________________________.
lladdgi ‹lhadh -gi› masculine noun
PLURAL
lladdgwn ‹lhadh -gun›
1 sheepkiller
ETYMOLOGY: “kill-dog” (lladd = to kill)
+ soft mutation + (ci = dog)
NOTE: also lladdgi defaid “kill-dog
(of) sheep”
:_______________________________.
lladd
gwair ‹lhaadh gwair›
1 make hay, cut the
grass. According to Fferm a Thyddyn, Rhif
15, Calan Mai 1995 in the county of Môn a distinction is made between
cutting grass in June when it is living lladd
gwair (“kill grass”) and in July, when it is torri gwair (“cut grass”)
:_______________________________.
lladdiad ‹LHADH-yad› masculine
noun
1 killing (especially as a final element in compound words)
..1/ teyrnladdiad regicide
(teyrn = king ) + soft mutation + ( lladdiad = killing, murder )
:_______________________________.
Lladin
‹LHAA din› (feminine noun)
1 Latin
:_______________________________.
lladdwr ‹lha -dhur› masculine
noun
PLURAL
lladdwyr ‹lhadh -wir›
1 (person) killer,
slayer
.....hil-laddwr genocide (hil- = race) + soft mutation + (lladdwr = killer)
.....lladdwr llygod rodent officer
(“killer of mice / rats”)
2 killer = substance which kills
.....germladdwr germicide (germ = germ) + soft mutation + (lladdwr = killer)
.....llyngyrladdwr vermicide (llyngyr = bowel worms) + soft mutation
+ (lladdwr = killer)
.....plaladdwr pesticide (pla = plague) + soft mutation + (lladdwr = killer, substance for
killing)
ETYMOLOGY: (lladd-, stem of lladd = to kill) + (-wr
suffix for forming adjectives indicating an agent)
:_______________________________.
lladrad ‹LHA-drad› [ˡɬadrad] masculine noun
PLURAL
lladradau ‹lha-DRAA-dai, -e› [ɬaˡdrɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 robbery, theft,
thieving, larceny, stealing
2 adjective stolen
3 byw ar ffrwyth lladrad live
off stolen property, live off ill-gotten gains, live off the proceeds of theft
(“live on (the) fruit (of) theft”)
4 eiddo lladrad stolen goods
(“property + stolen”)
5 nwyddau lladrad stolen goods, stolen
property, plunder
deliwr mewn nwyddau lladrad dealer
in stolen goods
6 lladrad noeth (said of an
excessive price) daylight robbery, downright robbery (“bare theft, naked
robbery”)
7 lladrad pen ffordd highway
robbery (“thieving (at) the (head) of (the) road”, i.e. a road junction)
8 mân-ladrad petty theft
(“little theft”)
9 lladratgar thieving < lladrát-gar
(lladrod = damage) + (-gar suffix for forming adjectives,
meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru = to
love)
ETYMOLOGY: probably (lladr-, taken
from lladron = thieves) + (-ad = suffix)
:_______________________________.
lladrata ‹lha-DRA-ta› [ɬaˡdrata] (verb)
1 steal
2 lladrata (rhywbeth) oddi ar / oddi wrth (rywun) steal (something)
from (somebody)
:_______________________________.
lladratgar ‹lha-DRAT-gar› [ɬaˡdratgar] adj
1 thieving
ETYMOLOGY:
lladratgar < lladrát-gar (lladrad =
theft) + (-gar suffix for forming adjectives,
meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru = to
love)
:_______________________________.
lladron
‹LHA-dron› [ˡɬadrɔn] (plural noun)
1 thieves. See lleidr
:_______________________________.
llaes ‹LHAIS› [ɬaɪs] (adjective)
1 loose
:_______________________________.
llaesu ‹LHEI-si› [ˡɬəɪsɪ] verb
1 slacken, loosen
2 Dyw e byth yn llaesu dwylo He
never slackens, He never relaxes his efforts, He sticks at it constantly (“he never slackens hands”)
:_______________________________.
llaeth ‹LHAITH› [ɬaɪθ] (masculine noun)
1 milk
2 gwlad sy’n llifeirio o laeth â mêl
a land flowing with milk and honey , a place of abundance and contentment
Exodus 3:8 A mi a
ddisgynnais i'w gwaredu hwy o law yr Eifftiaid, ac i'w dwyn o'r wlad honno i
wlad dda a helaeth, i wlad yn llifeirio o laeth a mêl; i le y Canaaneaid, a'r
Hethiaid, a'r Amoriaid, a'r Pheresiaid, yr Hefiaid hefyd, a'r Jebusiaid.
Exodus
3:8 And I am come down
to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of
that land unto a good land and a large, unto a land flowing with milk and
honey; unto the place of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites,
and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites.
Exodus 33:2 A mi a
anfonaf angel o'th flaen di, ac a yrraf allan y Canaanead, yr Amoriad, a'r
Hethiad, y Pheresiad, yr Hefiad, a'r Jebusiad: (33:3) I
wlad yn llifeirio o laeth â mel: oherwydd nid af fi i fyny yn dy blith; oblegid
pobl wargaled wyt: rhag i mi dy ddifa ar y ffordd.
Exodus 33:2 And I will send an angel before thee; and I will drive out the
Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the
Jebusite: (33:3) Unto a land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up in
the midst of thee; for thou art a stiffnecked people: lest I consume thee in
the way.
3 fel cath am laeth (“like (a)
cat for milk”) said of somebody who drinks too much beer, or other alcoholic
drinks
4 llaeth tewychedig condensed
milk
5 gwerthwr llaeth dairyman,
milk seller
6 irlaeth first milk of a cow after calving
(ir = fresh, new) + soft mutation +
(llaeth = milk)
7 Sayings:
..a/ Gorau enllyn, enllyn llaeth The
best companage is milk, the best thing to have with dry bread is milk
..b/ Tri enllyn iechyd: mêl, ymenyn a
llaeth The three companages for health are honey, butter and milk
:_______________________________.
llaethfwyd ‹LHEITH-vuid› [ˡɬəɪθvʊɪd] m
PLURAL
llaethfwydydd ‹lheith-VUI-didh› [ɬəɪθˡvʊɪdɪð]
1 dairy product, dairy food; dairy products, dairy foods
ETYMOLOGY: (llaeth = milk ) + soft
mutation + ( bwyd = food)
:_______________________________.
llafar
‹LHAA-var› [ˡɬɑˑvar] (adjective)
1 spoken
yr iaith lafar the spoken language
carreg lafar echo stone
2 noisy
3 (stream names) babbling, burbling
Nant Lafar
stream flowing into Afon Ceiriog in Llansantffráid Glyn Ceiriog
4 cyflafar (obsolete) (cyf-, prefix = together) + soft
mutation + (llafar = loud, noisy;
spoken)
..(a) (adjective) noisy;
..(b) (masculine noun) speaking together, parley, conference
Occurs as an element in the modern words cylafareddu
(= to arbitrate), cylafareddiad (= arbitration)
ETYMOLOGY:
:_______________________________.
llafariad, llafariaid ‹lha-VAR-yad,-lha-VAR-yed› [ɬaˡvarjad, ɬaˡvarjaɪd,
-ɛd]
(feminine noun)
1 vowel
2 blaendoriad llafariad (“front-cutting
(of) vowel”) aphesis = the disappearance of a vowel at the beginning of a word
:_______________________________.
llafariad dywyll ‹lha-VAR-yad
DƏ-wilh› [ɬaˡvarjad ˡdəwɪɬ] (feminine noun)
1 obscure vowel, schwa (represented by “y” in Welsh) (“dark vowel”)
:_______________________________.
llafn (“llafan”), llafnau ‹LHAVN, LHAA-van, LHAV-nai, -e› [ɬavn, ˡɬavan, ˡɬavnaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
(pronunciation respelling “llafan” in colloquial dialogues, etc)
1 blade
llafn bwyell axe blade
llafn cyllell haearn an
iron knife blade
llafn rasel razorblade
llafn trywel trowel blade
:_______________________________.
llafur ‹LHAA-vir› [ˡɬɑˑvɪr] (masculine noun)
1 labour = productive
work done in return for payment, (USA: labor), work done for wages
2 labour = an instance of hard
effort, toil
llafur caled (punishment) hard
labour
llafur a lludded toil and drudgery
trwy fawr lafur with great toil,
through hard work
mae trefnu'r eisteddfod ei hun yn golygu
llafur mawr i'r trefnwyr.
organising an eisteddfod means a lot of work for the organisers
tua diwedd y ddeunawfed ganrif lluniwyd
orgraff wyddonol a oedd yn gyson â thraddodiad gorau y cyfnodau cynharach, trwy
lafur Syr John Morris-Jones, yn
brif ac yn bennaf towards the end of the nineteeth century a scientific
orthography was devised which was in keeping with the best tradition of the
earliest periods, through the work of Syr John Morris-Jones first and foremost
3 labour = the non-capitalist
section of society, the people who work in return for wages
cyfalaf a llafur capital and labour
undeb llafur trade union, labour
union
plaid lafur partit laborista
y Blaid Lafur the Labour Party
Llafur Labour = the Labour Party
Gŵyl Lafur Labour Day (first of
May)
4 (Nonconformist denominations) homework = items (verses, hymns) learned
during week for Sunday school
5 llafur cariad labour of love; a task done done for pleasure which
involves time and effort and is not rewarded by payment
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh llafur = lláfur
< *llafú:r < *llafó:r < British < Latin labôr-em
From the same British root: Cornish lavur
6 (South Wales) corn
cae llafur field of cereals
torri llafur cut corn
cynhaeaf llafur corn harvest
tir llafur land for
growing corn
fel hwch mewn llafur attentively
(“like a sow in corn”)
:_______________________________.
llafurfa ‹lha-VIR-VA› [ɬaˡvɪrva] feminine
noun
PLURAL
llafurféydd ‹lha-vir-VEIDH› [ɬavɪrˡvəɪð]
1 (obsolete)
laboratory
Now: labordy
ETYMOLOGY: (llafur = labour, work) +
(fa noun-forming suffix, indicating
a place)
:_______________________________.
llai ‹LHAI› [ɬaɪ] (masculine noun)
1 less
2 (ni) + gallu llai na “not be
able (to do) less than”
ni allai lai na methu he was doomed
to failure, it was inevitable that he’d fail
3 neb llai na none other than
:_______________________________.
llai
a llai ‹lhai a LHAI-oo› [ɬaɪ a ˡɬaɪ]
1 less and less
Mae tanwydd ffosil yn mynd yn llai a
llai o hyd Fossil fuel is getting
scarcer and scarcer
2 llai a llai o less and less, fewer and
fewer
llai a llai o amser less and less
time
llai a llai o bobl fewer and fewer
people
Ma llai a llai o bobl yn pleidleisio yn
yr etholiadau lleol Fewer and fewer people are voting in local elections
llai a llai o Gymraeg less and less
Welsh
ETYMOLOGY: ‘less and less of’ (llai
= less) + (a = and) + (llai = less) + (o = of)
:_______________________________.
llaid,
lleidiau ‹LHAID, LHEID-yai, -e› [ˡɬaɪd, ˡɬəɪdjaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 mud
llaid meddal soft mud
lleidiog muddy
lleden y llaid. Platichthys
flesus. Flounder
2 sefyll allan fel llaid ar farch gwyn stick out like a sore thumb
= be very obvious
“stand out like mud on a white horse”
(sefyll allan = stand out) + (fel = like) + (llaid = mud)
+ (ar = on) + soft mutation + (march gwyn = white horse)
:_______________________________.
’lla
i ddim ‹lhai DHIM› [ɬaɪ ˡðɪm]
1 I can’t - clipped
version de alla i ddim (qv), used in
rapid speech
:_______________________________.
llain ‹LHAIN› [ɬaɪn] f
PLURAL
lleiniau ‹LHEIN-yai, -e› [ˡɬəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 strip = narrow piece of something,
usually quite long, and with a constant width
2 strip of land
llain lydan wide strip of land
3 llain laswellt grass verge (“strip (of) grass”)
4 plot of land
llain adeiladu building plot
5 llain lanio airstrip
llain galed, lleiniau caled ‹lhain GAA-led, LHEIN-yai, -ye, KAA-led› [ɬaɪn ˡgɑˑlɛd,
ˡɬəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡkɑˑlɛd] (Englandic) motorway hard shoulder, hard shoulder of a motorway
llain gysgodi shelter belt, belt of
trees acting as a shelter for a field, house, from the wind
llain ganol, lleiniau canol ‹lhain GAA-nol, lhein-ye-KA-nol› [ɬaɪn ˡgɑˑnɔl,
ˡɬəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡkɑˑnɔl] (Englandic:) central reservation of a motorway, (USA:) median strip
6 strip of cloth
llain chwys sweatband
7 llain griced (f) lleiniau criced cricket pitch
llain fowlio (f) lleiniau bowlio bowling green
8 field names, and names of houses
and roads which were originally field names
..a/ Llain y Delyn, Llain Delyn
‘strip of the harp, harp-shaped strip’
..b/ Llain Fanal Llangynfelyn
(county of Ceredigion) (y llain fanadl = “the strip (of land) (by the)
broom (bushes)”
..c/ Llain-goch (Caergybi, Ynys Môn)
‘red strip’
Also in the plural form, lleiniau,
which in the south is lleinau (lleine) (the i- at the beginning of a final syllable is generally absent in the
south) (and final -au is pronounced,
and sometimes written, -e in the
south-west, and -a in the
south-east)
Lleinau
(1) farm 6km north-east of Aberteifi
(2) farm 2km north-east of Llanboudy
(3) farm in Aber-nant (“Llainau” on the map)
ETYMOLOGY: llain < lla|in (two syllables) < Old Irish láigen (= spear) (modern Irish: láighe = spear)
NOTE: in the South lleiniau > llein’au (lleine, lleina)
:_______________________________.
llais,
lleisiau (“lleishe”)
‹LHAIS, LHEIS-yai, -ye,
LHEI-she› [ˡɬaɪs,
ˡɬəɪsjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡɬəɪʃɛ] (masculine noun)
1 voice
llais main a reedy voice
mewn llais dirdynedig in a tense voice
dweud rhywbeth mewn
llais garw say
something in a rough voice, say something roughly
2 llais fel llew (“a voice
like a lion”) said of a man with a strong singing voice:
Mae ganddo lais fel llew He has a
powerful voice (“he’s got a voice like a lion”)
3 codi llais yn erbyn (rhywbeth) speak out against
(something) (“raise a voice against”)
4 ‘murmur’ (referring to the sound of running water)
In house names
..a/ Llais y Nant / Llais-y-nant (“(the) murmur / sound /
voice (of) the stream”)
Llais-nant name of a house in Llandrillo
..b/ Llais yr Afon / Llaisyrafon (“(the) murmur / sound /
voice (of) the river”)
Street name.
Llaisafon Ffair-fach, Llandeilo
(county of Caerfyrddin) (“Llais Afon”)
Nantlais (qv) house name and street
name
“stream-voice”, the sound of the stream (nant
= stream) + soft mutation + (llais =
voice)
5 ‘murmur’ (referring to the sound
of the wind or breeze)
In house names
..a/ Llais yr Awel / Llaisyrawel (“(the) sound / voice (of)
the wind”)
:_______________________________.
llaith ‹LHAITH› [ɬaɪθ] (adjective)
1 damp, humid
2 lleithder ‹LHEITH-der› [ˡɬəɪθdɛr] (masculine noun) damp, humidity
:_______________________________.
llall ‹LHALH› [ɬaɬ] (pronoun)
1 y llall = the other one
2 i mewn trwy un glust ac allan
trwy’r llall in one ear and out the other, in at one ear and out at the
other
Mae e’n mynd i mewn trwy un glust ac
allan trwy’r llall It goes in one ear with him and out the other
:_______________________________.
llam ‹LHAM› [ɬam] masculine noun
PLURAL
llamau ‹LHA-mai, -e› [ˡɬamaɪ, -ɛ]
1 leap, jump = act
of leaping
cynyddu o lam i lam increase by
leaps and bounds
cynyddu bob yn llam increase by
leaps and bounds
2 place from which one might jump
3 leap = clifftop place from which people or animals might leap;
llam cariadon (qv) lovers’ leap
Llam y Cariadau (qv) Lovers’ Leap
(place name); hymn title
Llam Carw (qv) = llam y carw, (the)
leap (of) the deer
4 the distance of a leap
5 hedlam flying leap < ehedlam
ar hedlam with a flying leap (ehedu = to fly)
6 llam llyffant (children’s
game) leapfrog, where one child bends forward and another leaps over from
behind
7 leap (of heartbeat)
Rhoes ei chalon lam
Her heart leapt, Her heart skipped a beat (“her heart gave a leap”)
8 (Heraldry) ar y llam (animal)
salient, leaping
9 rhoi llam i’r tywyllwch take a
leap in the dark, engage in some venture without knowing the likely
consequences (“give a leap to the darkness”)
10 carlam (qv) a gallop; < carw-lam ‘deer-leap’
11 ar un llam in one leap
12 llamau afon stepping stones
in a river
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
from the same British root: Cornish: lamm
= (leap), Breton lamm = (leap);
from the same Celtic root: Irish léim
(= leap), Manx lheim (= leap)
:_______________________________.
Llambad ‹LHAM-bad› [ˡɬambad] feminine noun
1 South-east Wales a local form of Llanbedr = church (of) (Saint) Peter.
Iit is used for example for Llanbedr y
Fro ST0876 (county of Bro
Morgannwg)
(English name: Peterstone-super-Ely)
“the Llanbedr which is in Y Fro, the Llanbedr which is in The Lowland”
Y Fro is a short form of Bro Morgannwg “(the) lowland (of)
Morgannwg”
ETYMOLOGY: See Llambed < Llanbedr (“church of Saint Peter·”)
In the south-east, as in the north-east,
the e in a final syllable > a
:_______________________________.
Llambed ‹LHAM-bed› [ˡɬambɛd] feminine noun
1 local form of Llanbedr, the short form of the town
name Llanbedr Pont Steffan (“=
church (of) (Saint) Peter (by) (the) bridge (of) Steffan”)
2 Llambad (qv) = local form of
Llanbedr y Fro (village in the county of Bro Morgannwg)
ETYMOLOGY: Llambed < Llambedr.
The change n > m before a b is normal in colloquial Welsh, and is
a characteristic in many languages.
Cf English embark < French <
Occitan en- (= in) + barca (= boat).
The final “r” after the consonants d, t
is dropped in some polysyllabic words in colloquial Welsh:
arad < aradr (= plough)
cebyst < cebystr (= halter (rope for holding animals); hangman’s noose;)
ffenest < ffenestr (= window)
llanast < llanastr (= mess)
rhaead < rhaeadr (= waterfall)
:_______________________________.
llam
cariadon ‹LHAM kar-YAA-don› [ɬam karˡjɑˑdɔn] masculine noun
1 (tradition) lovers’
leap, high place from which two lovers leap to their deaths because there is no
possibilty of them marrying - the father of the girl has denied his permission
to the suitor, or the girl is the unwilling fiancée of another man
llam y cariadon the lovers’ leap
Llam y Cariadau (qv) Lovers’ Leap
(place name)
:_______________________________.
Llam
Carw ‹lham KAA-ru› [ɬam ˡkɑˑrʊ] masculine noun
1 SH4593 headland in the county of Môn, on the north coast of the island, 1
km north-east of Amlwch
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH4593
ETYMOLOGY: llam y carw “(the) leap (of) the deer”; (llam = leap) + (y = the)
+ (carw = deer)
The linking definite article is often dropped in place names:
llam y carw > llam carw
:_______________________________.
llamjet ‹LHAM-jet› [ˡɬamjɛt] feminine noun
PLURAL
llamjetiau ‹lham-JET-yai, -e› [ɬamˡjɛtjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 jumpjet
ETYMOLOGY: (llam-, stem of llamu = to jump) + (jet = jet plane)
:_______________________________.
llamu ‹LHA-mi› [ˡɬamɪ] (verb)
1 to jump, to leap
2 (sparks) leap, fly
Yr oedd y gwreichion yn llamu oddi ar yr
engan the sparks flew from the anvil (“jumped from on the anvil”)
:_______________________________.
Llam
y Cariadau ‹LHAM ə kar-YAA-dai, -e› [ˡɬam ə karˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 Place in Cwm y
Gof, Llandrindod (county of Powys)
2 Name of a hymn composed
R. S. Hughes, who was the choirmaster of Bethesda Chapel (Independents) in
Bethesda, Gwynedd. He died at the early age of 38 in 1893.
ETYMOLOGY: “leap of the lovers”, lovers’ leap; (llam = leap) + (y =
definite article) + (cariadau =
lovers, plural form of cariad =
lover) .
NOTE: The plural form in standard Welsh has the suffix -on instead of –au (cariadon)
:_______________________________.
Llamyrewig ‹lham ər EU-ig› [ˡɬam ər ˡɛʊɪg]
1 SO1593 locality and parish in northern
Powys, 5km north-west of Y Drenewydd
On the Ordnance Survey map as “Llanmerewig”, as if the first element were llan
= church; this distorted form with llan seems odd and unlikely to be
a genuine llan name since there would be a soft mutation after llan,
to give *Llanferewig – though in the south-east there is an Englished form
of the name Llanfihangel which appears on maps as Llanmihangel, without the sot
mutation of the ‘m’.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1593
ETYMOLOGY: Not an ecclesiastical name, but llam yr ewig “leap (of) the
hind”;
(llam = leap) + (yr = definite article) + (ewig = hind, female deer).
A few other place names in Wales show the change of the y of the
definite article > e
:_______________________________.
llan ‹LHAN› [ɬan] feminine noun
PLURAL
llannau ‹LHA-nai, -e› [ˡɬanaɪ, -ɛ]
1 In many areas
where Celtic was once spoken, there are settlement names based on compounds
with Celtic lann- (= land) (It is
from the same Indo-European root as English ‘land’)
Example: Celtic medio-lan- (‘middle
land’), Latinised as ‘Mediolanum’
..1/ Chateaumeillant (Cher, France) (= Mediolanum Biturigum)
..2/ ‘Mediolanum’ was the name of the Roman settlement at Whitchurch,
Shropshire, England,
..3/ ‘Mediolanum’ was also the Roman name of the place at Cae Gaer (SN8281) 6km
south-east of Pumlumon mountain, mid-Wales
..4/ Medelingen (Mosel, Germany),
..5/ Meilen (Zürich, Switzerland),
..6/ Milan / Milano (Italy)
2 (obsolete) this element in Welsh has the sense of ‘open land’ in llannerch (qv) (= woodland glade)
3 (obsolete) enclosure = place within a fence or wall (retains this sense
in certain compound words)
..1/ coedlan = plantation
(coed = trees, wood) + soft mutation + (llan)
..2/ corfflan (obsolete) cemetery
(corff = body) + soft mutation + (llan = enclosure)
..3/ corlan = sheepfold;
cordd (= herd) + soft mutation + (llan) > *corddlan > corlan
..4/ creulan (obsolete) battlefield
(“blood-field”)
( creu (penultimate form of crau) + soft mutation + (-llan = land)
..5/ gwinllan = vineyard
(gwin = qine) + soft mutation + (llan) > *gwinlan > gwinllan
..6/ perllan = orchard (literally:
pear enclosure)
(pêr = pears) + soft mutation + (llan) *perlan > perllan
..7/ treflan = village
(tref = trêv, hamlet)
..8/ ydlan = rickyard
(yd = corn) + soft mutation + (llan)
3 (obsolete) (especially in place names) enclosure of consecrated ground,
cell of a missionary of the Celtic Church, hermitage, little church, church
Henllan (qv) (place name) old church
Also with the sense of ‘church’ in the modern coining cadeirlan (= cathedral) (cadair
= “cathedra, throne”) + (“church”)
..1/ place names – generally with the name of the saint to which a church is dedicated
Llangadwaladr church of Cadwaladr
..2/ place names – sometimes with a stream name or river name
North-west Wales:
Afon Cefni / Llangefni, Ynys Môn
Afon Llyfni / Llanllyfni
SH4751 (county of Gwynedd) (the river Llyfni)
North-east Wales:
Afon Elwy / Llanelwy
SJ0374(county of Dinbych) (the river Elwy)
Afon Rhaeadr / Llanrhaeadr (county of Powys) (the river Rhaeadr)
South-west Wales:
Afon Camarch / Llangamarch
(county of Powys) (the river Cmarch)
South-east Wales:
Afon Taf / Llan-daf ST1577
(county of Caer-dydd) (the river Taf)
..3/ Often many churches had the same dedication, and so the church or the
later village around it were distinguished by adding a tag – a nearby
geographical feature, or the name of the administrative unit
Llanfair yn Muallt – the Llanfair
(Mary Church) in the kantrev of Buellt (ym
Muellt, later ym Muallt, through
the influence of the word allt =
wooded hill)
In some place names of the type (Llan + saint’s name + territorial name), a
contracted form may result where the saint’s name is dropped
Llanfair yn Rhos (the ‘Llanfair’ in
the kantrev of Rhos) > Llan-rhos
Llanfihangel y Rug (the
‘Llanfihangel’ of the township of ‘Y Rug’ (the heather) > Llan-rug
Llanarmon ym Mechain “(the) Llanarmon (which is) (in the kántrev of)
Mechain” > Llanfechain
-----------------------------
..4/ in some place names, llan has
come to replace another word.
-----------------------------
.....(4a) the original form is sometimes lan (the soft-mutated form of glan = riverbank)
The fact that the first element is glan is often evident because
..a/ the expected soft mutation after llan is absent, and
..b/ the element after llan is a stream name, rather than a saint’s name
There are, however, some genuine llan names which are followed by a
river name, though the names have soft mutation:
Cefni / Llangefni,
Taf / Llan-daf,
Elwy / Llanelwy, etc (more examples under Llanaran)
As can be seen in these examples, after glan there is no soft mutation.
This phenomenon seems to be south-eastern.
Llanbradach < Lanbradach < Glanbradach
Llancaeach < Lancaeach <
Glancaeach
Llanmorlais < Lanmorlais < Glanmorlais
Llan-nant < Lan-nant < Glan-nant < Glan-y-nant (farm SN5700 by Casllwchwr)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=180437
Llan-y-nant < Glan-y-nant (farm near Tryleg,
Sir Fynwy / Monmouthshire) SO4902
Llanrhymni (district in Caer-dydd) < Lanrhymni < Glanrhymni (bank of the river Rhymni)
Llan-wysg < Lan- wysg < Glan- wysg
(farm ST3799 south of Brynbuga /
Usk, county of Mynwy)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1268571
Llanyrafon (district in Cwm-brân, Gwent) < Lanyrafon < Glanyrafon (bank of the river)
(delwedd 7473)
-----------------------------
.....(4b) sometimes the original form has nant (= valley)
(modern Welsh: = stream)
Llanberis < Nantperis / Nant Peris
Llancarfan < Nantcarfan / Nant Carfan
Llantriddid < Nantrhirid / Nant
Rhirid
Llantarnam < Nant-teyrnon < Llanfihangel
Nant Teyrnon
Llantoni < Nant-hodni < Llanddewi
Nant Hodni
Llanboudy (Ceredigion) is apparently < Nantbeudy
-----------------------------
..... (4c) In Pont-llan-fraith it is
llyn (= lake) < Pont-y-llyn-fraith the bridge by the dappled river-pool
-----------------------------
4 parish church
..1/ cloch y llan the church
bell, the bell of the parish church
..2/ Tan-y-llan / Tan-llan common place name – ‘below the
parish church’
(the Census of 1851 notes that Owen Owens (farmer, 48 years old, 350 acres,
employing 4 labourers) lived at Tan-llan (Tanllan, Llangynfelyn,
Ceredigion)
..3/ Street name:
Is-y-llan (“below the church”)
Llanddarog (county of Caerfyrddin) (“Is-Y-Llan”)
..4/ Plas-y-llan Name in Yr
Eglwysnewydd (Caer-dydd) noted by John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) 'Cardiff
Records' (1889-1911)
“PLAS-Y-LLAN (the mansion by the church.) A house at Whitchurch, the
residence of Ignatius WILLIAMS, esq., J.P.”
(plas = mansion) + (y definite article) + (llan = church) “(the) mansion (by) the
church”
Maes-llan (qv) street names in
various places
maes y llan “(the) field (of) the church”, church field
(maes = field) + (y = definite article) + (llan = church)
The linking definite article is often omitted in place names
maes y llan > maes llan
5 church = Anglican
church (with the change of religion from Roman Catholicism in 1534 (Act of
Supremacy) the churches became Anglican)
Daeth Mr Parry y person i mewn... “Wel,
frawd, mi fydd siawns i ni gael y’ch gweled yn y llan dipyn amlach, nawr”
(Melin-y-ddôl / William a Myfanwy Eames / 1948 / tudalen 56)
Mr. Parry the parson came in. “Well, brother, we’ll have the chance now to see
you in the church a bit more often.”
Y Llan = the Anglican Church
Y Llan = name of a Welsh-language
magazine of the Anglican Church
6 (North Wales) village = village
with a parish church; (Scotland: kirktown, kirkton)
Yn y llan mae o’n byw rwan He lives in the village now
Y Llan = the village of Ffestiniog.
Also called Llan Ffestiniog, Llan Stiniog
Gan fy mod yn byw yn y Llan, roedd yn
rhaid mynd a dwad i’r ysgol (ym Mlaenau Ffestiniog) ar y trên... Casglwr
53, Awst 1994
Since I lived in the Llan it was necessary to go to and come back from the
school (in Blaenau Ffestiniog) on the train
Between llan and the following
element there may be a dropped definite article. This in some cases explains
why the expected soft mutation after llan is absent (e.g. Llantrisant, ).
a/ llan y byddair = church of the deaf people Llanybydder
/ Llanbydder
(the official form of the name
retains the definite article, and spells literary’ai’ (Middle Welsh ‘ei’) as
‘e’, which reflects the colloquial pronunciation.
Lewys Glyn
Cothi (c. 1420 – 1490), also known as Llywelyn y Glyn, mentions in his Marwnad Gwenllian,
Merch Rhys... (Elegy for Gwenllian, daughter of Rhys...) the name ‘Llan y
Byddair’ (or at least so spelt in ‘The Poetical Works of Lewis Glyn Cothi, a Celebrated Bard,
who Flourished in the Reigns of Henry VI, Edward IV, Richard III, and Henry
VII. 1837)
It is ‘byddeir’ in Manuscripts In The Welsh Language.
Vol. I. 1898.
Page 288 Mostyn Manuscript 212li: sion benarw kyff kenedl o lan y byddeir
In Welch Piety continued ; or, a farther Account of
the circulating Welch Charity
Schools Volume 5 / Griffith
Jones / 1742 it is ‘Llanbydder’ without the definite article.
b/ llan y ddeusant = church of the two saints Llanddeusant
c/ llan y gwyryfon = church of (saint Ursula and) the
(eleven thousand) virgins Llangwyryfon
d/ llan y trisant = church of the three saints Llantrisant
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh llan < llann < British *landâ
< cèltic
From the same British root: Breton lann
(place names = church), Cornish lann
(place names = church)
In the Hibernian languages – Irish lann (literary
word) (= ground, land; building, church)
From the same Indo-European root:
(1) (from Latin) Catalan landa (=
sandy moorland), Occitan landa (=
sandy moorland) (Basque landa =
field, from Occitan), French lande
(and hence English lawn, Welsh lawnt)
(2) (from Germanic) English land (=
land), German Land (= land)
:_______________________________.
y
Llan ‹ə LHAN› [ə ˡɬan]
1 short name for
place names with Llan- as the first
element
..1/ Y Llan = Llantrisant
tref y Llan = the town of
Llantrisant
Saif hen blas y Collena ar war
Tonyrefail. Mae wedi ei adeiladu ar le mor ysgafn fel y gellir gweled o’r
ffenestri dref y Llan a’r holl wlad rhwng y ddwy dref (Cyfaddasiad o Hanes Tonyrefail - Atgofion am y Lle a’r Hen Bobl.
Thomas Morgan. 1899, Caerdydd. Tudalen 28)
The old mansion of Y Collena is situated up behind Tonyrefail. It is built
in such an apt place that you can see through the windows the town of Y Llan
(Llantrisant) and all the countryside between the two towns (= Llantrisant and
Tonyrefail)
..2/ Y Llan = Llan Ffestiniog (See
Ffestiniog)
Mynd o’r Llan i Flaenau Ffestiniog efo’r
trên
Go by train from Llan Ffestiniog to Blaenau Ffestiniog
..3/ Y Llan = Llanrhaeadr ym Mochnant
:_______________________________.
Llanallgo ‹lhan-ALH-go› [ɬanˡaɬgɔ] (feminine noun)
1 SH5085 village, island of Môn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/38557 church
:_______________________________.
Llanaran ‹lhan-GAA-ran› [ɬanˡgɑˑran]
1 (Gwent-in-England) village 9km north of Trefynwy (= Monmouth) in Herefordshire,
on the Afon Garan “(the)
river (of the) crane”
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Garan river name).
The form on English-language maps is ‘Llangarron’.
NOTE: The pattern (llan + river name) is not common, but examples of
this are
Llan-daf (Afon Taf),
Llanddulas (Afon Dulas) (county of Dinbych) SH9078
Llanddulas (Afon
Dulas) (county of Powys) SN8741
Llangamarch (Afon
Camarch),
Llanelwy SJ0374 (county of Dinbych) (Afon Elwy),
Llanllyfni SH4751 (county of
Gwynedd) (Afon Llyfni)
:_______________________________.
Llanarmon ‹lhan-AR-mon› [ɬanˡarmɔn]
ETYMOLOGY: “(the)
church (of) Garmon”, Saint Germanus’s Church.
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Garmon = Germanus).
:_______________________________.
Llanarmon
ym Mechain ‹lhan-AR-mon
əm
MEE-khain› [ɬanˡarmɔn əm ˡmeˑxaɪn]
1 The original name of Llanfechain
SJ1820 (county of Powys), a village by the side of Afon Cain / the river Cain
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/750165
yr eglwys / the church
(delwedd 7509)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) Llanarmon (which is in the kántrev) (of) Mechain”
(Llanarmon) + (ym, form of
the preposition yn before a word beginning with m) + (Mechain name of the kántrev, a medieval district).
Mechain is “(the) plain (of) (the
river) Cain” < *Mechein <
*Ma-chein
(ma = plain) + spirant mutation + (Cein, the older form of Cain
river name)
:_______________________________.
llanastr
(llanast’) ‹LHA-nastr, LHA-nast› [ˡɬanastr, ˡɬanast] (masculine noun)
1 mess
:_______________________________.
Llanbad ‹LHAN-bad› [ˡɬanbad]
1 The name Llanbad is the south-eastern form of Llanbedr
...(1) in this name generally in Welsh the final ‘r’ is lost Llanbedr > Llanbed
...(2) In south-east Wales an ‘e’ in a final syllable becomes ‘a’ (this is also
typical of the Welsh of the North-west) Llanbed
> Llanbad
...(3) Although Llanbad is the form
found on the map, the spoken form of Llanbedr
usually has the change n > m before ‘b’
Llanbed > Llambed, Llanbad > Llambad
(A change typical of many European languages – cf the name of the town in
the English Midlands “Banbury”, colloqually “Bambry”)
2 Llanbad Fawr is a farm north
of Brynna SS9883 (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) and south-west of the remains of
Llan Bedr ar Fynydd SS9885 (“Llan Bedr on mountain”)
The farm is by Llan Bedr = (the)
church (of) Peter) (on English-language maps marked as ‘St. Peter’s Church’).
3 By Llanbad Fawr farm there is
...(1) Nant Llanbad (the stream of
Llanbad farm, or of Llanbedr church), and
...(2) Cwm Llanbad (the valley of
the Llanbad stream)
:_______________________________.
Llanbedr
(“Llanbed / Llambed”) ‹LHAN-bedr, LHAN-bed, LHAM-bed› [ˡɬanbɛdr, ˡɬanbɛd,
ˡɬambɛd] (feminine noun)
1 Name of many villages
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) church (of) Peter”, Saint Peter’s Church.
(llan
= church) + soft mutation + (Pedr = Peter).
..a/ through assimilation, n + b becomes m + b
Other examples of this change occur i Welsh. For example, enbyd (=
danger) > embyd
..b/ A final -r in the consonant cluster –dr and –tr is dropped in colloquial
Welsh
ffenestr (= window) > ffenest
Llangynidr (= place name) > Llangynid
Cadwaladr (= forename) > ’Dwalad
:_______________________________.
Llan-bryn-mair ‹lhan-brin-MAIR› [ɬanbrɪnˡmaɪr]
1 (SH8800) locality
in Maldwyn (Powys);
2 a parish at this place
ETYMOLOGY: The name means (“(the) church (at) Bryn-mair”)
Before the 1400s the place was simply Bryn-mair
(“(the) hill (of) (the Virgin) Mary”)
(bryn = hill) + (Mair = Mary).
Later Llan (= parish church) was added.
NOTE: The Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd / Gazetteer of Welsh Place Names, which lists
recommended forms, has the infelicitous Llanbryn-mair.
Under the entry aere (= attack) in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru
/ University of Wales Dictionary (tudalen / page 37) there appears the more
logical spelling Llan-bryn-mair
:_______________________________.
llanc,
llanciau ‹LHANGK, LHANGK-yai, -e› [ˡɬaŋk, ˡɬaŋkjaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 lad
:_______________________________.
llances,
llancesau ‹LHANG-kes, LHANG-ke-sai, -e› [ˡɬaŋkɛs, ˡɬaŋkɛsaɪ,
-ɛ]
(feminine noun)
1 lass
:_______________________________.
Llandderfael ‹lhan-DHER-vail› [ɬanˡðɛrvaɪl]
Local form: Llandderfel ‹lhan-DHER-vel› [ɬanˡðɛrvɛl]
This local form is
also the offical form of the name, though this is somewhat unusual because in
general the literary spelling (and pronunciation) is preferred for use as the
standard name
The diphthong ae is reduced to e over much of Wales in the spoken
language
1 (SH9837) village in the county of Gwynedd.
Also the name of a parish at this place
ETYMOLOGY:
llan Dderfael “(the) church (of)
Derwfael”
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Derfael name of a Celtic saint).
Derfael ‹DER-vail› [ˡdɛrvaɪl], now usually Derfel, is from Derwfael ‹DERW-vail› [ˡdɛrwvaɪl],
(derW - a
word now obsolete in modern Welsh - = true) + soft mutation + (mael = prince, leader).
From the same Celtic root, and corresponding to Welsh derw in the
Hibernian Celtic languages:
Irish dearbh (= real, true),
Scottish dearbh (= sure, certain)
There is a hill by the
village called Bryn Derfel (“(the) hill (of) Derfel”)
NOTE: Robert Jones Derfel, (1824-1905), a radical author born near
Llandderfel, adopted Derfel as a surname.
Derfel is in use as a male forename, and usually indicates some connection
with the parish of Llandderfael
3 Llandderfael / ‘Llanderfal’ ST2695
locality in Torfaen (Gwent)
(on map as Llanderfel Farm)
The ruins of Llandderfael chapel are nearby on Mynydd Maen
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=175868
:_______________________________.
Llandderfel ñ ‹lhan-DHER-vel› [ɬanˡðɛrvɛl]
1 See: Llandderfael
:_______________________________.
Llanddeusant ‹lhan-DHEI-sant› [ɬanˡðəɪsant] (feminine noun)
1 village name, north-east (church of the two saints - Marchell,
Marchellin)
:_______________________________.
Llanddewi ‹lhan-DHEU-i› [ɬanˡðɛʊɪ]
1 church of David
:_______________________________.
Llanddewi
Cilpeddeg ‹lhan-DHEU-i kil-PEE-dheg› [ɬanˡðɛʊɪ kɪlˡpeˑðɛg]
1 (SO4430) locality
in ‘Gwent-in-England’, in the county of Herefordshire, England, 6km northeast
of Pontrilas
English name: Kilpeck
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) Llanddewi (at) Cilpeddeg”). Llanddewi = chruch of David; Cilpeddeg is “source (of the stream
called) Peddeg”
(cil = corner, nook; source) + (Peddeg meaning unknown, but the name of
two other streams in the south-east)
(Etymologies suggesting that cil is ‘monastic cell’, and that Peddeg is an
‘unknown saint’, are erroneous; cil in this sense is an Irish word, and
is from Latin cella. Welsh cil is a word of Celtic origin, with a
completely different meaning)
:_______________________________.
Llanddewi
Cilrhedyn ‹lhan-DHEU-i kil-HREE-din› [ ɬanˡðɛʊɪ kɪlˡhreˑdɪn]
1 (SN2734) the old
name of Cilrhedyn, a locality in the
county of Ceredigion, 6km southwest of Castellnewydd Emlyn
:_______________________________.
Llanddewi
Nant Hodni ‹lhan-DHEU-i nant
HOD-ni› [ ɬanˡðɛʊɪ nant ˡhɔdnɪ]
1 (SO2827) locality in Mynwy county
Local form: Llantoni [lhan-TOO-ni]
ETYMOLOGY: “the Llanddewi which
is situated in Nant Hodni”
Llanddewi (“church (of) David”) (llan
= church) + soft mutation + (Dewi =
David)
Nant Hodni “valley (of the stream called) Hodni or Hoddni”
The local form of Hodni was probably Hoddni (cf gwadn =
sole of the foot, south Wales gwaddan < gwaddn)
A possible explanation of the change is:
1 The tag came to replace the qualified element Llanddewi (there are
other instances of this process in the place names of Wales): Nant Hoddni
2 In South Wales h is not traditionally part of the phonology of the
language, and is omitted in speech
Nant’oddni
3 a dd has a tendency to be unstable and to disappear > Nanto’ni /
Nantoni
4 Ther was confusion
about the first element, and llan (= church) took its place: Llantoni
NOTE: Compare the reduction of Llanfihangel Nant Teyrnon > Llan Teyrnon >
Llantarnam (county of Torfaen)
:_______________________________.
Llanddoged ‹lhan-DHOO-ged› [ɬanˡðoˑgɛd]
1 (SH8063) locality
in the county of Conwy
2 a parish at this place
ETYMOLOGY: ?
NOTE: Sgrogennan < Is Cregennan is the old name for this
place
:_______________________________.
Llanddona ‹lhan-DHOO-na› [ɬanˡðoˑna] (feminine noun) (“church of Dona”)
1 village name, north-west (church of Dona)
:_______________________________.
Llanddulas ‹lhan-DHII-las› [ɬanˡðiˑlas]
1 SH9078 village in the county of Dinbych
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/29590
2 SN8741 church in the county of Powys, near
Llangamarch
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/469002 the
church
ETYMOLOGY: “church (of) (the) Dulas
(stream / river)” .
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Dulas = river name)
dulas = “blackish blue” (du =
black) + soft mutation + (glas =
blue)
:_______________________________.
Llandduw (i.e. the pronunciation is “Llándduw”) ‹LHAN-dhiu› [ˡɬanðɪʊ]
1 SO0561 ancient name of Llandrindod, a
town in the county of Powys.
ETYMOLOGY: “church (of)
God”, church dedicated to God.
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Duw = God)
Although one might think that Llandduw is an erroneous spelling for
Llan-dduw (with the accent on the final syllable), (since for example Llan-non
is often spelt erroneously Llanon, Llangors is a misspelling for Llan-gors, as
is Llanddew for the correct Llan-ddew) the name is an example of accent shift
to a preceding syllable, and so as such the spelling Llandduw correctly
indicates the pronunciation.
The name Llandrindod referred specifically to a new church here built in
Llandduw to replace the old one and is first found in 1536.
Llandrindod <
Llan y Drindod -
(the) church (of) the trinity. The loss of the linking definite article is
common in place names.
:_______________________________.
Llanddwyn (i.e. the pronunciation is “Llánddwyn”) ‹LHAN-dhuin› [ˡɬanðʊɪn]
1 SH3862 village in the county of Môn /
Anglesey.
ETYMOLOGY: “church (of)
Dwyn”, church dedicated to Dwyn[wen].
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Dwyn = name of a female saint)
Although one might think that Llanddwyn is an erroneous spelling for
Llan-ddwyn (with the accent on the final syllable), (since for example Llan-non
is often spelt erroneously Llanon, Llangors is a misspelling for Llan-gors, as
is Llanddew for the correct Llan-ddew) the name is an example of accent shift
to a preceding syllable, and so as such the spelling Llanddwyn correctly
indicates the pronunciation.
:_______________________________.
Llandinam ‹lhan-DII-nam› [ɬanˡdiˑnam]
1 (SO0288) locality
in the district of Maldwyn (county of Powys)
2 a parish at this place
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/413152
ETYMOLOGY: “the ‘llan’ by the fort” (llan
= monastic cell, church) + soft mutation + (dinan = fort)
*llan-ddinan > llan-dinan
(the mutation is lost – other examples of (dd-n) > (d-n)
occur in Welsh e.g. benddith >
bendith = blessing)
> Llandinam (final n becomes m).
There are a couple of other place name examples with dinam < dinan. See dinan
:_______________________________.
Llandochau
ºFach ‹lhan-DOO-khai, -e, VAAKH› [ɬanˡdoˑxaɪ, -ɛ, ˡvɑːx] (feminine noun)
1 village name, south-east
:_______________________________.
Llandogo ‹lhan-DOO-go› [ɬanˡdoˑgɔ]
1 “English” form of
the name Llaneuddogwy, name of a village in south-east Wales.
Maybe represents a local form “Llandogw”, which would result from well-known
features of spoken Welsh
..a/ Reduction of the diphthong wy in the final vowel to w
A common feature in South Wales – ofnadwy (= terrible) > ofnadw,
cannwyll (= candle) > cannwll
Euddogwy > Euddogw (or perhaps Ouddogwy > Ouddogw with the
older pronunciation of the diphthong eu, probably retained locally)
”eu” was historically “ou”, and this has been retained in southern Welsh to
this day:
deu (= two) (now dau) is doi in the south
yn gleu (= quickly) (now yn glau) is (yn) gloi in the
south
..b/ Loss of the pretoninc syllable in the name Euddogwy > Ddogwy,
Llaneuddogw > Llanddogw
..c/ dd > d after n
Occurs too in the shortened form of Llanymddyfri > Llan’ddyfri > Llan'dyfri)
(hence the English name Llandovery, an adaptation of the local name, with
semi-Englished spelling)
The change w > o probably occurred in English
Llandogw > Llandogo
A similar cas might be Monnow, the river in the town of Trefynwy Monmouth, if
we assume a local Welsh form of Monw, Mynw < Mynwy
:_______________________________.
Llandrillo ‹lhan-DRI-lho› [ɬanˡdrɪɬɔ]
1 Llandrillo a
village near Bala
2 Llandrillo = Llandrillo
yn Rhos, a suburb
of Colwyn Bay (English name: Rhos on Sea)
ETYMOLOGY: (llan = church) + soft
mutation + (Trillo, a saint’s name). Trillo is
probably a hypochoristic name. The final o is probably (-o diminutive
ending)
:_______________________________.
Llanºdrindod ‹lhan-DRIN-dod› [ɬanˡdrɪndɔd] (feminine noun)
1 village name, south-east
= llan y drindod, church of the trinity
:_______________________________.
Llanºdudoch ‹lhan-DII-dokh› [ɬanˡdiˑdɔx] (feminine noun)
1 village name, south-west
:_______________________________.
Llandutglyd ‹lhan-DIT-glid› [ɬanˡdɪtglɪd]
1 Old name for Penmachno (SH7950), a locality in the
county of Conwy
(delwedd 7025)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) church (of) Tutglyd”)
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Tutglyd)
:_______________________________.
Llan-dw
‹lhan-DUU› [ɬanˡduː] (feminine noun)
1 village name, south-east
:_______________________________.
Llanºdyºfodwg ‹lhan-də-VOO-dug› [ɬandəˡvoˑdʊg] feminine noun
1 SS9587
church in the village of Glynogwr (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/475342
2 a parish at this
place
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) church (of) Tyfodwg”)
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Tyfodwg)
:_______________________________.
Llanºdyºfrïog ‹lhan-də-VRII-og› [ɬandəˡvriˑɔg]
1 locality 3 km
east of Castellnewydd Emlyn (Ceredigion county, South-west Wales)
2 a parish at this place
ETYMOLOGY: (llan = church) + soft
mutation + (Tyfrïog, hypochoristic
form of the saint’s name Briafael)
Tyºfrïog (ty- = your, ‘thy’, used in older Welsh as a prefix to form
hypochoristics) + (Brïog)
Briog is (bri-, first
syllable of Briafael) + (-og, diminutive suffix)
Briafael < British *Brigo-magl-os, as in modern Welsh bri (= respect, esteem), corresponding
to Irish brí (= strength, valour);
and the element mael found in
various male forenames (= great man, leader, chief), related to Latin magnus (= great)
:_______________________________.
Llanedern ‹lhan-EE-dern› [ɬanˡeˑdɛrn]
1
former village in Caer-dydd (name altered to Llanedeyrn, apparently in the
1800s, and apparently to make the final syllable resemble teyrn – Old
Welsh = monarch) (but Modern Welsh = tyrant!).
The local name would have been Llanetarn (b-d-g introducing a final
syllable are devoiced in the traditonal dialect of the south-east of Wales). It
is found written as Llanedarn in texts from the 1800s.
ETYMOLOGY: “church of Eternus” (llan = church) + (Edern =
Eturnus)
Edern
<
Latin æternus /
ae’ternus, contracted
form of aeviternus (= lasting an age), from ævum (= age)
:_______________________________.
Llanegryn ‹lhan-E-grin› [ɬanˡɛgrɪn] (feminine noun)
1 SH6005 village name, north-west
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/288810
(delwedd 7085)
ETYMOLOGY: “church of Egryn”
(llan = church) + (Egryn)
:_______________________________.
Llanegwestl
(Llanegwest’) ‹lhan-E-gwestl, lhan-E-gwest› [ɬanˡɛgwɛstl, ɬanˡɛgwɛst]
1 SJ2044 north-east Wales – the Welsh name of the village razed for the
construction of the Cistercian abbey here in 1201 - Abaty Glyn y Groes / Valle
Crucis Abbey. The inhabitants were removed to Stansty, north-west of Wrecsam
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/115551
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/132019
Llyn Egwestl a pool near the abbey which served as its fishpond “(the)
pool (of) Egwestl”
http://richardloomis.com/gutorglyn.htm
Glyn Egwestl the valley in which the Abbey stands “(the) valley (of)
Egwestl”
Also Glyn y Groes “(the) valley (of) the cross”
:_______________________________.
Llaneigon ‹lhan-EI-gon› [ɬan ˡəɪgɔn]
1 see Llanigon
:_______________________________.
*llanerch ‹LHA-erkh› [ˡɬanɛrx] feminine noun
1 clearing in a
wood, woodland glade.
NOTE: This spelling with a single ‘n’ is incorrect, though used by some writers
in the 1800s. The correct form is llannerch.
The spelling with a single ‘n’ (originally a nineteeth-century mispelling in
Welsh) is common on English-language maps. On the other hand, the plural form
with a single ‘n’ – llanerchau – is
correct – in this case, a spelling with ‘nn’ would be incorrect
Tafarn y Llannerch, Llandrindod (“Llanerch Inn”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/412688
:_______________________________.
Llaneuddogwy ‹lhan-ei-DHOO-gui› [ɬanəɪˡðoˑgʊɪ]
1 (SO5204) locality in the county of
Mynwy
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/86309
The English name is Llandogo which
would be from a local form in Welsh: Llandogw
‹lhan-DOO-gu› [ɬanˡdoˑgʊ]
..a/ simplification of the final diphthong wy
> w, typical of the language of
South Wales
Euddogwy > Euddogw
..b/ Loss of the pretonic syllable (or syncopation), a common feature of Welsh Llaneuddogw > Llan’ddogw
Another llan name showing this
feature is:
Llanymddyfri > Llan’ddyfri > Llan’dyfri (and from here the form used in English “Llandovery”)
..c/ a change dd > d caused by
the preceding n (as in Llan’ddyfri > Llan'dyfri)
There is a street called “Dogo Street” in Pontcanna, Caer-dydd, which appears
to be this name – it must have been supposed that the saint was “Dogo”. It is a
district with other streets named after saints from south-east Wales. If this
is the case, then the Welsh name would be Heol
Euddogwy
(delwedd 7065)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) church (of) Euddogwy”.
(llan = monastic cell, church) + (Euddogwy = saint’s name)
(In Liber Landavensis / Llyfr Llan-daf / Book of Llandaff, circa 1125, as Lann
Oudocui, which in modern Welsh spelling would be Llan Ouddogwy.
Old Welsh “ou” ‹ou› [ɔʊ] become
modern Welsh “eu” in non-final syllables of polysyllables) (peunod =
peacocks) and “au” in the final syllables of polysyllables, and in
monosyllables (pethau = things, dau = two)
NOTE: The name Ouddogwy was (imperfectly) Latinised as Oudoceus. The
“c” in Lann Oudocui in fact represents [g]. British c between vowels became g,
but in Old Welsh it was not the practice to spell it as such – rather like “gh”
in English laugh no longer represents ‹gh› [ɣ], but is retained in the spelling
even though “f” would be the better spelling
:_______________________________.
Llanfabon ‹lhan-VAA-bon› [ɬanˡvɑˑbɔn]
1 ST1093 hamlet in the county of
Caerffili, 2km south of Ffosygerddinen on the road to Cilfynydd
2 a parish at this place
ETYMOLOGY: (llan = church) + soft
mutation + (Mabon name of a Celtic
saint); (mab = son) + (-on suffix used with deity names)
:_______________________________.
Llanfachraith ‹lhan-VAKH-raith, -eth› [ɬanˡvaxraɪθ, -ɛθ] feminine noun
1 SH7522 locality in Gwynedd, near
Dolgellau; usually written to reflect the popular pronunciation (Llanfachreth), rather then the literary
one (Llanfachraith)
2 SH3182 locality in Ynys Môn, by
Caergybi; the name is usually written Llanfachreth
with a final e, but the local form
is Llanfachrath (a final e in this region > a)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘(the) church (of) Machraith’ (llan
= church) + soft mutation + (Machraith
= saint’s name)
:_______________________________.
Llanfaelog ‹lhan-VEI-log› [ɬanˡvəɪlɔg] (feminine noun)
1 village name, north-east
:_______________________________.
Llan-faes ‹lhan-VAIS› [ɬanˡvaɪs] “(the) church (of the) clearing” (llan
= church) + soft mutation + (maes =
clearing)
1 (SO0328) locality in the district
of Brycheiniog (county of Powys); formerly the centre of a kingdom centred
around Dyffryn Wysg (the valley of the river Wysg) ruled by Tewdrig, and of a
larger kingdom which replaced it, Brycheiniog, founded by Brychan, a chief of
Irish descent
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO0328 map
2 (SH6077) locality in the county of
Ynys Môn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH6077 map
3 a parish at this place
4 (SS9869) locality in the county of
Bro Morgannwg (South-east Wales)
Name used by the English: “Llanmaes”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS9869
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) church (of the) clearing”
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (maes = clearing)
:_______________________________.
Llanfaethlu ‹lhan-VEITH-li› [ɬanˡvəɪθlɪ] (feminine noun)
1 village name, north-west
:_______________________________.
Llanfair ‹LHAN-vair, -ver› [ˡɬanvaɪr, -vɛr] (feminine noun)
1 name of many villages; ‘Mary church’
:_______________________________.
Llan-fair ‹lhan-VAIR› [ˡɬanˡvaɪr] feminine noun
1 ST0071 locality in the
county of Bro Morgannwg (South-east Wales).
Name used by the English: Saint Mary Church
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/97726 Llan-fair
2 a parish at this place
3 SN1202 locality in the county of Penfro, 2km north of Dinbych y Pysgod.
Name used by the English: New Hedges
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN1202
ETYMOLOGY: (the) church (of) Mary (llan =
church) + soft mutation + (Mair = Mary). In Llan-fair (note the
hyphen) the accent remains in the expected place, on the second syllable.
But generally names with “llan + Mair” are Llanfair (no hyphen), where
the accent has shifted to the first syllable
:_______________________________.
Llanfair
ar y Bryn ‹LHAN-vair,
-ver, ar ə BRIN› [ˡɬanvaɪr, -vɛr ar əˡbrɪn] feminine noun
1 locality in the
county of Caerfyrddin SN7735
2 a parish at this place
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/979559 eglwys Llanfair ar y Bryn
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) Llanfair (which is) on the hill”
(Llanfair = “(the) church (of) Mary,
Marychurch”) + (ar y bryn = on the
hill)
:_______________________________.
Llanfair
Dyffryn Tefeidiad ‹LHAN-vair, -ver, DƏ-frin te-VEID-yad› [ˡɬanvaɪr, -vɛr, ˡdəfrɪn
tɛˡvəɪdjad]
1 village in
England, on the Welsh border 6km north of Trefýclo.
(in English as “Llanfair Waterdine”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/705709
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: (Llanfair = “(the) church
(of) Mary, Marychurch”) (very common in Welsh village names).
The Welsh name means “the Llanfair in the valley of the Tefeidiad river”.
In English the river is called “Teme”.
:_______________________________.
Llanfair
Pwllgwyngyll ‹LHAN-vair, -ver, pulh-GWƏN-gilh› [ˡɬanvaɪr, -vɛr, pʊɬˡgwəngɪɬ]
1 SH5271 village in
Ynys Môn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/943672
:_______________________________.
Llanfechain ‹lhan-VEE-khain, -khen› [ɬanˡveˑxaɪn, -ɛn] feminine noun
1 SJ1820 locality in Maldwyn (Powys) on
the river Cain; 5km east of Llanfyllin.
population: (1961) 461; proportion of Welsh-speakers: (1961) 41%
Old name: Llanarmon ym Mechain
2 a parish at this place
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/518983
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: “church (of the kántrev called) Mechain”, but originally “(the)
Llanarmon (which is) (in the kántrev of) Mechain
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Mechain, division (‘kantrev’) of the
country of Powys Wenwynwyn).
Mechain “(the) plain (of) (the
river) Cain” < *Mechein < *Machein
(ma = plain) + spirant mutation + (Cain (Middle Welsh Cein) river
name, = ‘beautiful’, but possibly a personal name – otherwise Afon Gain would
be expected, but it is called Afon Cain).
(delwedd 7509)
ETYMOLOGY: “church (of the kántrev called) Mechain”, but originally “(the)
Llanarmon (which is) (in the kántrev of) Mechain
:_______________________________.
Llanfechell ‹lhan-VEE-khelh› [ɬanˡveˑxɛɬ] (feminine noun)
1 village name, north-west
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/158121
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the)
church (of) Mechell or Mechyll”
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Mechell = name of a saint, from an
earlier form Mechyll)
:_______________________________.
Llanfeuno ‹lhan-VEI-no› [ɬanˡvəɪnɔ]
1 SO3031 village in
Gwent-within-England. In the valley of the river Olchon above the town of Y
Fenni. English name: Llanveynoe.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/713232
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) church (of) Beuno”, Beuno’s church
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Beuno = name of a male saint)
:_______________________________.
Llanffynhonwen ‹lhan-fən-HON-wen› [ɬanfənˡhɔnwɛn]
1 Chirbury SO2598, village
in England (in Shropshire) 5km north-east of the Welsh village of Trefaldwyn
(delwedd 7087)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/149820
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: (llan = church) + (ffynhonwen, apparently “white well”, meaning
either a whitewashed well, or (less likely) a holy well)
This is (ffynhon- penult form of ffynnon
= well) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of
gwyn = white; holy)
:_______________________________.
Llanfihangel ‹lhan-vi-HA-ngel› [ɬanvɪˡhaŋɛl]
1 name of many
villages; ‘Michael church’
:_______________________________.
Llanfihangel
Cwm Du ‹lhan-vi-HA-ngel kum DII› [ɬanvɪˡhaŋɛl ɪˡhaŋɛl
kʊm ˡdiː]
1 SO1823 village in
Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/318292 yr eglwys / the church
The Place-Names of Wales. /
Thomas Morgan (Skewen) / 1912
The old inhabitants very strongly objected to the name Cwmdu, as the
following couplet shows;
Cam enwir ef Cwmdu,
Cwm gwyn yw'n cwm ni.
It is wrongly called the vale of gloom,
Ours is a fair and bright coomb.
A glance at this cheerful vale would never suggest such a gloomy appellation...
the present name is supposed to have taken its origin from the black moorstone rock,
which is on the brow of an adjacent hill.
ETYMOLOGY: “the
‘Llanfihangel’ at Cwm Du”
(Llanfihangel = church of Michael)
Cwm Du is “black valley” (cwm = valley) + (du = black)
:_______________________________.
Llanfihangel
Dyffryn Arwy ‹lhan-vi-HA-ngel DƏ-frin A-rui› [ɬanvɪˡhaŋɛl ˡdəfrɪn
ˡarʊɪ]
1 (SO2450) locality
in the district of Maesyfed (county of Powys)
English name: Michaelchurch on Arrow
2 a parish at this place
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/910538
yr eglwys / the church
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: “the ‘Llanfihangel’ in the valley of the river Arwy”
(Llanfihangel = church of Michael) +
(dyffryn = valley) + (Arwy = river name)
:_______________________________.
Llanfihangel Esglai ‹lhan-vi-HA-ngel E-sklai› [ɬanvɪˡhaŋɛl ˡɛsklaɪ]
1 SO3134 village in the county of Hereford, England
English name: “Michaelchurch Escley”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/890905
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/399752
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/73939
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: (Llanfihangel =
church of Michael (Arch)angel) + (Esglai stream name)
:_______________________________.
Llanfihangel
Nant Teyrnon ‹lhan-vi-HA-ngel nant TEIR-non› [ɬanvɪˡhaŋɛl nant ˡtəɪrnɔn]
1 the older name of
Llantarnam (qv) in Torfaen, south-east Wales
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/822352
yr eglwys / the church
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: “the Llanfihangel which is
in Nant Teyrnon”
Llanfihangel = “(the) church (of) Michael (the) (Arch)angel”
Nant Teyrnon = “(the) valley (of) Teyrnon”
NOTE: An alternative name is Llanfihangel
y Fynachlog (“(the) Llanfihangel
(which is) (next to) the monastery”.
In Parochiale Wallicanum / Rev. A. W.
Wade-Evans / Y Cymmrodor (1910) , a
footnote states:
"Llantarnam is called,
colloquially, in Welsh Llanvihangel y Vynachlog. — J.A.B.”
(Initials of Sir Joseph Alfred Bradney, 1859-1933).
(The church is a short distance from the Abbey)
_______________________________.
Llanfihangel
Tor y Mynydd ‹lhan-vi-HA-ngel TOOR ə MƏ-nidh› [ɬanvɪˡhaŋɛl ˡtoˑr ə ˡmənɪð]
1 village name,
south-east Wales SO4601 (near Llanishe, Mynwy)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/751691 yr eglwys / the church
:_______________________________.
Llanfihangel
yng Ngheintun ‹lhan-vi-HA-ngel əng
HEIN-tin› [ɬanvɪˡhaŋɛl əŋ
ˡhəɪntɪn]
1 (SJ3614) Welsh
name of the English village of Alberbury (Shropshire) 13 km west of the English
city of Shrewsbury (Welsh name: Amwythig), just north of the Shrewsbury - Y
Trallwng main road (A458), on the Welsh border by the Welsh village of
Cryw-grin
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/463595
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
(delwedd 7106)
ETYMOLOGY: “the village called Llanfihangel which is situated in
Ceintun” . Llanfihangel = church of
Michael the Archanngel
:_______________________________.
Llanfilo ‹lhan-VII-lo› [ɬanˡviˑlɔ]
1 village SO1133 in
Powys (“church of Bilo or Beilo”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/61865 yr eglwys / the church
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
To the west of the village is Allt Filo “(the) wood (of) Bilo or Beilo”
ETYMOLOGY: The church was formerly dedicated to Millburgh, and the name was
taken as meaning “(the) church (of) Milo”
(llan = church, cell) + soft
mutation + (Milo = Millburgh)
Milo is in English Milburgh
or in Latin Milburga or Milburgha. The daughter of a Mercian king (King
Merewald of Magonset), she became a nun (as Abbess of Wenlock Abbey in
Shropshire) and was later canonised.
The form of the name in Welsh would be hypochoristic – (Mil- first
syllable of Milburgh) and (-o diminutive suffix)
Milburgh is commemorated at Stoke St. Milborough SO5682 (Shropshire, England)
(St. Milburgha’s Church) http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/120227
and in the church of St Mary & St Milburgh, Offenham, near Evesham
(Worcestershire, England) http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/379415
However, it seems that
Llanfilo = “church of Milburgh” is an erroneous interpretation, as the saint in
question is Beilo, a daughter of Brychan (in south-eastern Welsh, ei > i in
a penultimate syllable is a common feature).
(llan = church, cell) + soft
mutation + (Beilo) > Llanfeilo > Llanfilo
Another example of ei > i in a place name is Llangatwg Feibion Afel, in the county of Mynwy / Monmouth, Englished
as Llangattock Vibon Avel. This ‘English’ form actually indicates
a local pronunciation of ‘feibion’, a soft mutated form of meibion (=
sons), which in the south east is meibon (typical omission of the
semi-consonant i at the head of the final syllable) > mibon
(reduction of the diphthong ei to the half-long vowel i)
:_______________________________.
Llanfuddwalan ‹lhan-vidh-WAA-lan› [ɬanvɪðˡwɑˑlan]
1 (SO5731) locality
in Gwent-within-England (in the county of South Herefordshire, England).
The English name is Ballingham. The church is dedicated to Dyfrig (Dubricius in
Latin)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/877972
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
(delwedd 7102)
ETYMOLOGY: (llan = church, cell) +
soft mutation + (Buddwalan personal
name )
(budd = wealth, riches) + soft mutation + (gwal- ?) + (-an diminutive
suffix)
:_______________________________.
Llangadog ‹lhan-GAA-dog› [ɬanˡgɑˑdɔg]
1 SN7028 locality 9km south-west of Llanymddyfri (county of Caerfyrddin); a parish at this place
2 SN4006 locality al north-east of Cedweli (county of Caerfyrddin)
In the south-east Llangadog > Llangatwg (qv)
..a/ Llangatwg Lingoed SO3620
(county of Mynwy) 9km north-east of Y Fenni
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/441187 yr eglwys / the church
..b/ Llangatwg SO2127 locality in
Powys, 1km south-west of Crugywel
..c/ Llangatwg Dyffryn Wysg SO3309
locality 6km south-east of Y Fenni (county of Mynwy). English name: Llangattock-juxta-Usk / Llangattock-nigh-Usk
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/284552
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
..d/ Llangatwg Feibion Afel SO4515
6km north-west of Trefynwy (county of Mynwy)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/247457 yr eglwys / the church
..e/ Llangatwg SS7598 village on the
north side of Castell-nedd (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) church
(of) Cadog”)
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Cadog saint’s name)
Cadog is a hypochoristic form of Cadfael
(cad-, first element of the name Cadfael) + (-og suffix)
The equivalent name in Breton is Kazeg
Cadfael is “battle chief” (cad = battle) + soft mutation + (mael = chief) < British *katu-magl-os
:_______________________________.
Llangadwaladr
(“Llangadwalad”) ‹lhan-gad-WAA-la-dər, lhan-gad-WAA-lad› [ɬangadˡwɑˑladr, ɬangadˡwɑˑlad] (feminine noun)
(delwedd 7284)
1 SH3869 village name (Ynys Môn)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/776782
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
2 SJ1830 village name
(Powys)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/708028
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) church (of) Cadwaladr”)
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Cadwaladr = saint’s name)
:_______________________________.
Llangamarch ‹lhan-GA-markh› [ɬanˡgamarx]
1 (SN9347) locality
in Brycheiniog (Powys)
English name: Llangammarch Wells
Postal address: LLANGAMARCH, Powys
2 a parish at this place
ETYMOLOGY: (“the) church (by the river) Camarch”)
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Camarch river name)
Camarch < Camfarch (“(the) winding (river / stream called) March”)
(cam = winding) + soft mutation + (March = stream name, literally “horse”)
:_______________________________.
Llangatwg ‹lhan-GAA-tug› [ɬanˡgɑˑtʊg]
This is the south-eastern form of the place name Llangadog
(delwedd 7287)
..a/ Llangatwg ST2281formerly in a place in the parish of Llanedern,
Caer-dydd
John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911) (1905 volume) notes:
LLANGATWG (the church of Saint
Cadoc.) A farm in the parish of Llanedern; doubtless the site of a dismantled
chapel
..b/ Llangatwg SS7598 village on the
north side of Castell-nedd (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
English name: Cadoxton juxta Neath
Differentiated from the other villages called simply Llangatwg by
referring to it as Llangatwg ger Castell-nedd (= Llangatwg near
Castell-nedd / Neath)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS7598
………………………………….
..c/ Llangatwg SO2017 locality in
Powys, 1km south-west of Crugywel
A parish at this place. Englished as “Llangattock”.
(1961) Population: 655. Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 7%
(1971) Population: 760. Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 5%
Differentiated from the other villages called simply Llangatwg by
referring to it as Llangatwg ger Crucywel (= Llangatwg near Crucywel)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO2017
………………………………….
..d/ Llangatwg ST1269 village subsumed in the town of Y Barri (Bro
Morgannwg)
Informally differentiated from other villages called Llangatwg by
referring to it as Llangatwg ger y Barri (= Llangatwg near Y Barri)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST1269
………………………………….
..e/ Llangatwg Dyffryn Wysg SO3309
locality 6km south-east of Y Fenni (county of Mynwy). Ordnance Survey map notes only “Llangattock House”.
English name: Cadoxton nigh Usk
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO3310
………………………………….
..f/ Llangatwg Feibion Afel SO4515
6km north-west of Trefynwy (county of Mynwy)
Englished as Llangattock-Vibon-Avel
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/247457
………………………………….
..g/ Llangatwg Lingoed SO3620
(county of Mynwy) 9km north-east of Y Fenni
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO3620
………………………………….
ETYMOLOGY: Llangatwg = Llangadog (“(the) church (of) Cadog”)
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Cadog saint’s name)
Cadog is a hypochoristic form of Cadfael
(cad-, first element of the name Cadfael) + (-og suffix)
In Breton, the name Kazeg
corresponds to Welsh Cadog
Cafael is “battle chief” (cad = battle) + soft mutation + (mael = chief)
< British *katu-magl-os
NOTE:
Cadog > Cadwg
-wg instead of an original -og
is found in other place names in the south-east
Morgannwg < *Morgannog territory of Morgan
Gwynllŵg < Gwynllyw-wg < *Gwynllyw-og territory of Gwynllyw
Nant Talwg < Nant Rhyd
Halog “Rhyd Halog” stream; “Rhyd
Halog” = dirty ford
In the south-east the initial d
of a final syllable is regularly devoiced to t
Cadwg > Catwg
The English name Cadoxton (= Cadock’s
ton) more or less retains the standard Welsh form Cadog
:_______________________________.
Llangefni ‹lhan-GEV-ni› [ɬanˡgɛvnɪ] (feminine noun)
1 town name, Ynys Môn
:_______________________________.
Llangeinwen ‹lhan-GEIN-wen› [ɬanˡgəɪnwɛn] (feminine noun)
1 SH4365 village name, Ynys Môn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/838772
yr eglwys / the church
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
:_______________________________.
Llangïan ‹lhan-GII-an› [ɬanˡgiˑan]
1 SH2928 locality
in the area of Dwyfor (county of Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: (llan = church) + soft
mutation + (Cïan saint’s name; =
little warrior, little dog)
:_______________________________.
Llanglydwen ‹lhan-GLƏD-wen› [ɬanˡglədwɛn] (feminine noun)
1 SN1826 village name, Caerfyrddin
Samuel Lewis, 1844, A Topographical Dictionary of Wales:
"LLANGLYDWEN (LLAN-GLEDWYN), a parish, in the union of NARBERTH… The
church, dedicated to St. Cledwyn, is a small neat edifice”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN1826
map, llun / map, photo
:_______________________________.
Llangoed ‹LHAN-goid› [ˡɬangɔɪd] (feminine noun)
1 SH6079 village name, Ynys Môn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH6079 map
:_______________________________.
Llangunllo
‹lhan-GIN-lho› [ɬanˡgɪnɬɔ]
1 See Llangynllo
:_______________________________.
Llangurig ‹lhan-GII-rig› [ɬanˡgiˑrɪg]
1 SN 9079 village
in Powys, near Llanidloes
2 a parish at this place
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/70880
y pentre / the village
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) church (of) Curig”)
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Curig = saint’s name)
:_______________________________.
Llangwnadl > Llangwnnadl
:_______________________________.
Llangwnnadl
(“Llangwnnad”) ‹lhan-GU-nadl, lhan-GU-nad› [ɬanˡgʊnadl, ɬanˡgʊnad] (feminine noun)
Locally Llangwnnad’ (loss of final
‘l’)
1 SH2132 village name, north-west.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/sh2132
ETYMOLOGY: llan Gwynhoedl (“(the) church (of) Gwynhoedl”)
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Gwynhoedl = saint’s name)
NOTE: Since the penultimate element has an underlying form gwynn- with –nn-, Llangwnnadl
is a better spelling than Llangwnadl
The alteration in the name shows common features of Welsh generally and in
particular spoken north-western Welsh
(The sequence of the changes may not be as laid out here)
1 G
ýn-hoedl > G
ýnn-oedl
Loss of h, initial consnonant of the final syllable
Compare
“gylfin hir” (“long beak”) > gylfínhir > gylfinir (“curlew”)
“main + hir” (“slim + tall”) >
méinhir > meinir > Meinir (forename for a female)
2 Gynn-oedl > Gynn-odl
Final syllable oe > o colloquially
Compare
mynyddoedd (= mountains) > mynyddodd
3 Gynn-odl > G
ynn-adl
Final syllable o > a colloquially
Compare
tywod (= sand) > tŵad (in Ynys Môn / Anglesey)
dyfod (= to come) > dywod > dywad > dŵad
4 Gynn-adl > Gwnn-adl
Llanynnog > Llanwnnog
5 The colloquial form
Llangwnnadl > Llangwnnad with the loss of the final l is also
a feature found in othe words in Welsh
Compare
banadl (= broom plants) > banad
danadl (= nettles) > danad
It occurs too with final r after d
Cadwaladr > Cadwalad, ’Dwalad
rhaeadr (= waterfall) > rhaead
Llangynidr > Llangynid
:_______________________________.
Llangynidr
(“Llangynid”) ‹lhan-GƏ-nidr, lhan-GƏ-nid› [ɬanˡgənɪdr, ɬanˡgənɪd] (feminine noun).
Locally Llangynid’ (loss of final
‘r’)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/407645 Sardis
1 village in the
county of Powys (Brycheiniog district)
Pont Llangynidr name of a bridge here
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/sh2132
:_______________________________.
Llangynllo
‹lhan-GƏN-lho› [ɬanˡgənɬɔ]
1 (SN3543) locality
in Ceredigion
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN3543 map
2 a parish at this place
3 (SO2171) locality in the district of Maesyfed (county of Powys)
Form used in English: “Llangunllo”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO2171 map
4 a parish at this place
..1971: Population: 230. Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 2%
(delwedd 7290)
ETYMOLOGY: (llan = church) + soft
mutation + (Cynllo saint’s name)
:_______________________________.
Llangynog ‹lhan-GƏ-nog› [ɬanˡgənɔg]
(delwedd 7289)
1 Powys (between Y Bala and Croesoswallt) (“Llangynog”)
To differentiate it
from the other villages called Llangynog it may be referred to as Llangynog Maldwyn or Llangynog Sir Drefalwyn (= “Llangynog in Montgomeryshire”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ0526
2 Brycheiniog, Powys – parish at Cwmowen (“Llangynog”)
To differentiate it
from the other villages called Llangynog it may be referred to as Llangynog Brycheiniog or Llangynog Sir Frycheiniog (= “Llangynog in Breckonshire”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO0143
3 Caerfyrddin – south-west of the town (“Llangynog”)
To differentiate it
from the other villages called Llangynog it may be referred to as Llangynog Shir Gâr or Llangynog Sir Gaerfyrddin (= “Llangynog in Carmarthenshire”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN3316
4 in Swydd Henffordd / Herefordshire in England (“Llangunnock”)
To differentiate it
from the other villages called Llangynog it may be referred to as Llangynog Swydd Henffordd (= “Llangynog in Herefordshire”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO5123
5 Llanfihangel Tor y Mynydd, Mynwy (“Llangunnog”)
To differentiate it
from the other villages called Llangynog it may be referred to as Llangynog Sir Fynwy (= “Llangynog in Monmouthshire”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO4501
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) church (of) Cynog”
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Cynog, name of a saint of the
Celtic Church)
:_______________________________.
Llangystennin ‹lhan-gə-STE-nin› [ɬangəˡstɛnɪn]
1 SH8279 village and
parish in Conwy
The parish is south-east of the parish of Llan-rhos (in which Llandudno
is situated). Cyffordd Llandudno (Llandudno Junction) is in
Llangystennin parish.
NOTE: According to the wikipedia entry http://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llangystennin
there is a variation of the name with “w” instead of “y”: Llangwstennin
NOTE: One ‘n’ instead of two is incorrect “Llangwstenin / Llangystenin”
“Llangwstenin Hall” Plas
Llangystennin
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH8279
map
(delwedd 7079)
:_______________________________.
Llangystennin
Garth Brenni ‹lhan-gə-STE-nin
garth BRE-ni›
1 Welsh Bicknor,
Herefordshire SO5917
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO5917
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) Llangystennin (which
is at) Garth Brenni”
Garth Brenni: (garth = hill) + (Brenni?)
Llangystennin: (llan =
church) + soft mutation + (Cystennin = Constantine)
:_______________________________.
Llanhiledd ‹lhan-HII-ledh› [ɬanˡhiˑlɛð]
1 SO2100 locality
in the county of Blaenau Gwent
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO2100 map
2 a parish at this place
(1961): Population: 3,933; Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 2%
Mynydd Llanhiledd the upland of
Llanhiledd parish
ETYMOLOGY: ??
NOTE: Local form: Llaniddal
..1/ typical south-eastern loss of ‘h’
Llanhiledd > Llaniledd;
..2/ metathesis : L-DD > DD-L Llaniledd
> Llaniddel
(cf south-eastern form of cywilydd /
c’wilydd = shame > cwiddyl)
..3/ final e > a, a typical south-eastern feature Llaniddel > Llaniddal
:_______________________________.
Llani ‹LHAN-i› [ˡɬanɪ]
1 a local name for Llanidloes (Powys) among English speakers.
Probably an innovation in English, and not a Welsh name (such names locally
would be Y Llan “the parish church, the church village, the village
whose name begins with Llan-” in Welsh).
ETYMOLOGY: (Llan = first element of the name Llanidloes) + (i-, the first syllable of Idloes)
NOTE: Compare Ponty for Pont-y-pridd – the local name in Welsh is Y Bont
(= the bridge), but English speakers have added the English diminutive suffix
[i] to the first element in the name (Pont – first element of
Pont-y-pridd) + (-y diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
Llanidris ‹lhan-I-dris› [ɬanˡɪdrɪs]
1 imaginary
village, said to be the birthplace of the main character in the novel Dafydd
Dafis (1898) by Beriah Gwynne Evans (1848-1927).
Ac mi ddala i nad yn aml y cewch chi
well nofel na f’hanes i o'r dydd y deuthym i'r ddinas fawr yma, yn hogyn o'r
wlad, heb geiniog goch yn fy mhocad, hyd 'rwan, pan y medrwn, tae fater am
hyny, brynu holl stad y sgweiar yn Llanidris lle ces fy magu.
And I’ll bet you that it isn’t often that you will get a better novel than my
account of the day I came to this great city, a lad from the country, without a
single penny in my pocket, until now, when I could, if it came to that, buy the
whole estate of the squire in Llanidris where I was brought up.
ETYMOLOGY: (llan = church) + (Idris,
man’s name; proabably in allusion to Cadair
Idris, (‘chair of Idris’) name of a mountain near the town on Dolgellau in the north-west)
:_______________________________.
Llanifan ‹lhan-II-van› [ɬanˡiˑvan]
1 Welsh name of a village
called Ednop in English (also called Edenhope in English), Shropshire, England
(north of Mainstone and east of Bishop’s Castle)
The Shropshire Gazetteer, with an Appendix, including a Survey of the County
and Valuable Miscellaneous Information, with Plates. Printed and Published by
T. Gregory, Wem, 1824:
Edenhope, Upper and Lower. A township in the parish of Mainstone, and in the
Mainstone division of the hundred of Clun. 3 ½ miles west of Bishopscastle.
"The
National Gazetteer of Great Britain and Ireland" (1868):
MAINSTONE,
a parish partly in the hundred of Clun, county Salop, and partly in the hundred and
county of Montgomery, 4½ miles S.W. of Bishop's Castle, its post town. It
is situated on Offa's Dyke, and includes the townships of Castlewright,
Edenope, Knuck, and Reilth. The village is a small agricultural place.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Hereford, value £293, in the
patronage of the lord chancellor. The church is dedicated to St. John the
Baptist. The parochial charities produce about £4 16s. per annum. A school for
boys and girls is supported by subscription.
ETYMOLOGY: Llanifan < Llanieuan
“church (of) (saint) John”
(llan = church) + (Ieuan = John)
Ieuan > Iewan > Iefan >
Ifan
:_______________________________.
Llanifyny ‹lhan-i-VƏ-ni› [ɬanɪˡvənɪ]
1 SN8681 a district in the parish of Llangurig (Powys), at Y Pant-mawr
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=253308 map
ETYMOLOGY: “the upper part of the parish” (llan = church; parish) + (i
fyny up, upper)
NOTE: South-west of Llangurig and west of Dôl-fach is Llaniwared
SN8877 “the lower part of the parish” (llan = church; parish) + (i wared down, lower)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=249706
(delwedd 7466)
:_______________________________.
Llanigon ‹lhan-II-gon› [ɬanˡiˑgɔn]
1 SO2139 a village in Powys.
The present name in fact represents the local pronunciation of Llaneigon ‹lhan-EI-gon› [ɬanˡəɪgɔn]
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/471046
yr eglwys / the church
ETYMOLOGY: “church of Eigon” (llan = church) + (Eigon)
NOTE: In the penultimate syllable, especially in South Wales, the diphthong ‹EI› [əɪ] becomes a simple vowel, short ‹I› [ɪ] or semi-long ‹II› [iˑ], depending on the following
consonant
:_______________________________.
Llanisien ‹lhan I shen› [ɬanɪˡʃɛn]
1 ST1781 former village in the kúmmud of Cibwr, now a part of Caer-dydd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST1781 map
2 SO4703 village in the county of Mynwy, south-west of Trefynwy / Monmouth
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1223254
NOTE: Generally spelt Llanishen, to indiciate that –si- is not pronounced ‹sy› [sj] as the spelling suggests, but has the typical
south-eastern palatalisation of this consonant group
In fact, to repersent fully the local pronunciation it would have to be written
Llanishan ‹lhan-I-shan› [ɬanɪˡʃan] (south-east Wales is a ‘final-a’ zone, where
‘e’ in a final syllable is replaced by ‘a’)
John Hobson Matthews
(Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911):
1756. Coroner's Inquest taken at the house of Lewis
Leyson, innkeeper, in the parish of Lanishan in the county aforesaid, 6 October
1755, before William Gibbon, Coroner, on view of the body of David Rees, found
that the deceased, in a certain lane called Hewl hîr in the parish of Lanishan,
as he was riding upon a horse before a wagon and oxen, and attempting to turn
into a gate, fell down from his horse and was killed.
(delwedd 7465)
The saint is Isan, commemorated in a road name in Llanisien “Saint Isan Road”,
which would be “Heol Isan” in Welsh (the title of “sant” is not used with
Celtic saints)
There is also a Heol Llanishen Fach in Llanisien
ETYMOLOGY: The saint seems to be Isan. If so, the name of the two churches was
Llanisan. In south-eastern Welsh there is palatalisation of an s before
or after an i, hence Llanishan (as in the above text from 1756).
Since in the south-east an ‘a’ in a final syllable very often corresponds to
‘e’ in literary Welsh (carrag < carreg = stone, corad < cored =
weir), it may have been thought that the real name was Llanishen. The standard
Welsh name keeps the palatalised form and the ‘e’ in the final syllable, but
spells it Llanisien, since si is the standard Welsh spelling (though ambiguous,
since it could represent s + i, rather than sh). The informal Welsh spelling
with ‘sh’ is the one used in English.
:_______________________________.
Llaniwared ‹lhan-i-WAA-red› [ɬanɪˡwɑˑrɛd]
1 A district SN8877 in the parish of Llangurig (Powys), south-west of Llangurig
village and east of Dôl-fach.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=249706 map
ETYMOLOGY: “the lower part of the parish” (llan = church; parish) + (i
wared down, lower)
NOTE: Corresponding to this is Llanifyny
SN8681 “the upper part of the
parish”, at Y Pant-mawr
(llan = church; parish) + (i fyny up, upper)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=253308 map
(delwedd 7466)
:_______________________________.
llannerch,
llanerchau ‹LHA-nerkh, lha-NER-khai, -e› [ˡɬanɛrx, ɬaˡnɛrxaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 woodland glade
2 “Llanerchir”, SO1749 Bryn-gwyn, Maesyfed, Powys. Llannerch-hir? “(the)
long glade”
NOTE: The singular form has –nn-, which occurs at the end of a
penultimate syllable; the plural form has a single n. The singular form
with a single n (“llanerch”) is a misspelling.
NOTE: The plural form llanerchi appears in the farm name Llanerchigwynion SH8059 near Penmachno (county of Conwy).
“white glades” (llanerchi = glades) + (gwynion =
white, plural of gwyn = white)
:_______________________________.
Llannerch
‹LHA-nerkh› [ˡɬanɛrx]
1 house name / farm
name
..a/ farm name, Llantarnam
(Mentioned in Llantarnam Burials
1813-74)
John s/o D'l Daniel (son of Daniel Daniel), Llannerch in
Lantarnam (died) 15 Mar 1820 (aged) 1 yr, 6mths
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~monfamilies/llantarnbur1813-74.htm
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/822352 Llantarnam
ETYMOLOGY: “woodland glade” - See the preceding entry
NOTE: In south-east Wales the local form Llannarch would be
expected (the south-east is an “a-zone” – spellings ae, ai, au, e in a final
syllable are generally pronounced as [a])
:_______________________________.
Llannerch Hudol ‹LHA-nerkh HII-dol› [ˡɬanɛrx
ˡhiˑdɔl]
1 medieval division
(“cwmwd”) of Caereinion
ETYMOLOGY: See the next entry
:_______________________________.
Llannerch-hudol ‹LHA-nerkh HII-dol› [ˡɬanɛrx
ˡhiˑdɔl]
1 (SJ2007) locality in Maldwyn (Powys)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2007 map
2 Trallwng - Llannerch-hudol
(“Welshpool Llanerchydol”) seat on Cyngor Sir Powys
3 Plas Llannerch-hudol (“Llanerchydol Hall”) 19th century Gothic
house with park and gardens
4 Parc Llannerch-hudol (“Llanerchydol Park”) SY21 9QE
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (“(the)
glade (of) (the) sorcerer”) (llannerch = glade) + (hudol =
sorceror), unless Hudol is a person name
Llannerchydol may represent a local pronunciation –
(1) loss of initial ‘h’ after a word with final ch: hudol > ’udol
(2) weakening of the vowel u > y: ’udol > ’ydol
:_______________________________.
Llannerch-y-medd ‹LHA-nerkh ə MEEDH› [ˡɬanɛrx ə ˡmeːð] (feminine noun)
1 SH4184 village in the county of Môn (the glade of the mead - probably
from beehives kept in a clearing)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH4184 map
:_______________________________.
Llanoronwy ‹lhan-o-ROO-nui› [ɬanɔrˡoˑnʊɪ]
1 SO4810 Village in Herefordshire (English name: Wonastow)
NOTE: The Welsh Academy English Welsh Dictionary gives for Wonastow the names Llanwarw
and Llanoronwy
:_______________________________.
Llanwarw ‹lhan-WAA-ru› [ɬanˡwɑˑrʊ]
1 SO4810 Village in the county
of Mynwy (English name: Wonastow)
(delwedd 7540)
The Settlement of Brittany. By William Edwards, M.A. In Y Cymmrodor :
Transactions of the Society of Cymmrodorion of London. 1890-1891. Volume 10.
[Winnaloë, or Gwennolé]
It is not generally known that there is a church possibly dedicated to this
saint in Wales, viz., Wonastow, near Monmouth (locally pronounced Winnastow),
anciently (see Liber Landavensis, p. 191) called Lannguarwi (that, or
Lannguariu, is the reading of the MS., though the printed text alters it into
Lann Gungarui), and still called in Welsh, by one of the few remaining
Welsh-speaking natives of central Monmouthshire, Llanwarrw; thus the English
would appear to have preserved the first, the Welsh the last part of the
saint's name.
In his Additional Notes to the Liber Landavensis (p. 11, top), the late Mr.
Thomas Wakeman says that "Wonostow is called in old writings Llanwarrow,
Walwanstow, Wonewalstow, and Owenstow;"
we think,
however, that the last name is equivalent to the Owenstowne of Additional
Charter 7156 at the British Museum, and an English translation of the
well-known Treowen, near Wonastow.
Lann Guorboc (the place on whose name Mr. Wakeman's note is written, Lib.
Land., 153-4) is certainly not Wonastow; it is in Erging, not in Gwent uwch
Coed, Guorboc being a scribal error for Guorboe, and the place meant being the
church of Garway in Herefordshire, spelt Garewy in what is described as a
continuation of Matthew of Westminster in Royal MS. 14, C. vi., fo. 255 col. 2,
where one "Thomas de Garewy iuxta Grossum Montem " (i.e., Grosmont)
and his brother Stephen are mentioned. In modern literary Welsh the name Gurboe
would be Gwrfwy.
NOTE:
The Welsh Academy English Welsh Dictionary gives for Wonastow the names Llanwarw
and Llanoronwy
:_______________________________.
Llanwrfwy ‹lhan-UR-vui› [ɬanˡʊrvʊɪ]
1 Garway
Llanwrfwy is the spelling in modern Welsh of the name Lann Guorboe (which occurs in the Liber
Landavensis, early 1100s).
2 William Edwards, in 1891, states that Llanwrfwy is modern-day Garway, and is
not modern-day Wonastow as another writer had suggested.
The Settlement
of Brittany. By William Edwards, M.A. In Y Cymmrodor : Transactions of
the Society of Cymmrodorion of London. 1890-1891. Volume 10.
In his Additional Notes to the Liber Landavensis (p. 11, top), the late Mr.
Thomas Wakeman says that “Wonostow is called in old writings Llanwarrow,
Walwanstow, Wonewalstow, and Owenstow;”
we think, however, that the last name is equivalent to the Owenstowne of
Additional Charter 7156 at the British Museum, and an English translation of
the well-known Treowen, near Wonastow.
Lann Guorboc (the place on whose name Mr. Wakeman's note is written, Lib.
Land., 153-4) is certainly not Wonastow; it is in Erging, not in Gwent uwch
Coed, Guorboc being a scribal error for Guorboe, and the place meant being the
church of Garway in Herefordshire, spelt Garewy in what is described as a
continuation of Matthew of Westminster in Royal MS. 14, C. vi., fo. 255 col. 2,
where one "Thomas de Garewy iuxta Grossum Montem " (i.e., Grosmont)
and his brother Stephen are mentioned. In modern literary Welsh the name Gurboe
would be Gwrfwy.
2 (Geiriadur yr Acádemi, the Welsh Academy English-Welsh
Dictionary, gives the Welsh name of Garway as Llanwrfwy)
3 According to the website
Archenfield Archaeology, Llanwrfwy is in fact Eaton Bishop SO4439, a village
7km west of Hereford,
http://www.archenfield.com/Longtown.htm
rather
than Garway, a village 17km south-west of Hereford
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/919801 Eaton Bishop
(delwedd 7422)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) church (of) Gwrfwy”)
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Gwrfwy)
:_______________________________.
Llanrhaeadr
ym Mochnant ‹lhan-HREI-adər əm
MOKH-nant› [ɬanˡhrəɪadər
əm ˡmɔxnant] feminine noun
1 SJ1225 village in
the county of Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/193294 y pentre / the village
(delwedd 7232)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the place called) Llanrhaeadr in (the kántrev of) Mochnant”
(Llanrhaeadr) + (yn preposition = in; becomes ym if the following
consonant is m) + (Mochnant)
Llanrhaeadr “(the) church (of the) waterfall”.
:_______________________________.
Llanrhaeadr
yng Nghinmeirch ‹lhan-HREI-ad ə r ə NGHIN-meirkh› [ɬanˡhrəɪadər ə ˡŋhɪnməɪrx] feminine noun
1 locality the
county of Dinbych. SJ0863 4km south-east of Dinbych on the road to Rhuthun .
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ0863 map
2 a parish at this place
Pentre Llanrhaeadr SJ0862 village south-east of Llanrhaeadr
“(the place called) Pentre (which is next to) Llanrhaeadr”
ETYMOLOGY: ‘the place called Llanrhaeadr in the ‘cwmwd’ (kúmmud / commote /
district) of Cinmeirch’ (in medieval times, Ceinmeirch).
Llanrhaeadr “(the) church (of the)
waterfall”.
Ceinmeirch “(the) ridge (of the)
horses” (q.v.)
NOTE: A misspelling on English-language maps and in some nineteenth-century
Welsh texts is Llanrhaiadr
:_______________________________.
Llanrhymni ‹lhan- hrəm -ni›
1 (ST2181) Originally the name of a mansion, now the name of a suburb of
Caer-dydd
English name: Llanrumney
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) church (by the river) Rhymni”. But originally it was Lanrymni “(the) bank (of the river)
Rhymni”, with lan (a mutated form of
glan = bank, riverside). More
correctly, the name would be Glanrhymni.
There are other examples of lan used
instead of glan as the first element
in a name
..a/ Lan-dŵr (Abertawe)
..b/ Lan y Parc (“(the) hill (of)
the field”)
Street name in Llancaeach, county of Caerffili
The lan of Lanrhymni was confused with llan
(= church)
Another name showing this same confusion is Llanyrafon in Cwm-brân (county of Torfaen), originally Lanyrafon < Glanyrafon “(the) bank (of) the river”, riverbank, riverside
NOTE: 1856 / Archaeologia Cambrensis / Vol 2 / 2nd series
Can anyone tell me authoritatively the
proper way to spell the name of the house in which I now live? Practically
every man spelled it as is right in his own eyes, while every Welsh scholar I
ask gives me a different interpretation of its origin. On tombs, in parish
documents etc, it is indifferently written Lanrumney and Llanrumney. I have
ventured to substitute Rhymney for Rumney; but I am puzzled, as to the first
syllable. Persons, all of whom ought to know, say it should be, some Lan, some
Llan, some Glan. Will someone tell me the exact difference between the three?
The house stands very near the river Rhymney, whence doubtless the name. There
is no church or tradition of any church.
Edward Freeman
Lan-, Llan-, or Glan-rhymney, Cardiff
January 15 1856
:_______________________________.
Llan-sain-siôr ‹lhan-sain- shoor›
1 SH9775 locality in Conwy, near Abergele
English name: Saint George
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) church (of) Saint George”)
(llan = church) + (sain = saint) + (Siôr = George)
NOTE: A variant form is Llan-san-siôr
On roadsigns in the area with the curious and impossible spelling of “Llansan
Siôr”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/112825
:_______________________________.
Llansanffráid ‹lhan-san-fraid› feminine noun
1 The short form of various place names which have a differentiating tag
(usually a river name or territorial name)
(The acute accent is not standard; used here to indicate that the stress is on
this final syllable)
(delwedd 7288)
.....(1) Llansanffráid ar Elái
(ST0977) (county of Bro Morgannwg)
“(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (on) (the) (river) Elái”.
(Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd, Elwyn Davies, 1975, Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru
recommends the spelling Llansanffraid-ar-Elái)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST0977 map (Englished as St.
Bride’s-super-Ely)
.....(2) Llansanffráid ar Ogwr
(SS9184) (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
“(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (on) (the) (river) Ogwr”
(Englished as St. Bride’s Minor)
(Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd, Elwyn Davies, 1975, Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru recommends
the spelling Llansanffraid-ar-Ogwr)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS9184 map, Bryncethin
.....(3) Llansanffráid Cwmteuddwr
(SN9667) (district of Maesyfed, county of Powys) “(the place called)
Llansanffráid (which is) (in) (the kúmmud / cwmwd of) Deuddwr”.
cwmwd Deuddwr > cwmwteuddwr > cwm’teuddwr
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN9667 map
.....(4) Llansanffráid Deuddwr
(SN2118) (parish in the district of Maldwyn, county of Powys) “(the place
called) Llansanffráid (which is) (in) (the kúmmud / cwmwd of) Deuddwr ”.
The name Deuddwr survives as that of a hamlet SJ2417
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/548122
map
.....(5) Llansanffráid Glan Conwy
(SH8076) (county of Conwy)
“(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (on) (the) bank (of)
(the river) Conwy”.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH8076 map
.....(6) Llansanffráid Glyn Ceiriog
(SJ2038) (county of Wrecsam)
(Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd, Elwyn Davies, 1975, Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru recommends
the spelling Llansanffraid Glynceiriog)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2038 map
According to wikipedia 2009-01-17 “Llansantffraid Glyn Ceiriog… can be
translated to the "Church of Saint Ffraid in the Ceiriog Valley" ”.
This is not exactly the case. The meaning of the name is
“(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (in) Glyn Ceiriog / in the
valley of the Ceiriog river”, to differentiate it from the other
Llansantffráids, and especially Llansanffráid Glyn Dyfrdwy
.....(7) Llansanffráid Glyn Dyfrdwy
(SJ1143) (county of Dinbych)
“(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (in) Glyn Dyfrdwy / in the valley
of the Dyfrdwy river / the river Dee”
(Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd, Elwyn Davies, 1975, Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru recommends
the spelling Llansanffraid Glyndyfrdwy)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2421
.....(8) Llansanffráid Gwynllŵg
(ST2982) (county of Casnewydd)
“(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (in) (the kúmmud / cwmwd of) Gwynllŵg”.
Called by the English St Brides Wentlooge.
Gwynllŵg means “territory of
Gwynllyw” (Gwynllyw) + (-wg territorial suffix) >
Gwynllýw-wg > Gwynllẃ-wg > Gwynllŵg
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST2982
.....(9) Llansanffráid ym Mechain
(SJ2220) (district of Maldwyn, county of Powys)
“(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (in) (the kántrev / cantref of)
Mechain”
(Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd, Elwyn Davies, 1975, Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru
recommends the spelling Llansanffraid-ym-Mechain)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2220 map
Mechain is “(the) plain (of) (the
river) Cain” < *Mechein <
*Ma-chein
(ma = plain) + spirant mutation + (Cein, the older form of Cain
river name)
(delwedd 7509)
In 2008 the official spelling of the name became Llansanffraid-ym-Mechain,
replacing Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain, with ‘t’. Although etymologically correct,
the ‘t’ ceased to be pronounced in this name many centuries ago
.....(9) Llansanffráid yn Elfael
(SO0954) (district of Maldwyn, county of Powys)
“(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (in) (the kúmmud / cwmwd of) Elfael”.
(Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd, Elwyn Davies, 1975, Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru recommends
the spelling Llansanffraid-yn-Elfael)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO0954 map (on map as
“Llansantffraed-in-Elwel”)
2 Other places of this name have no differentiating tag:
...(1) Llansanffráid SO5824 locality
in South Herefordshire, England.
English name: “Bridstow” (“Brid” = Bríd, Bride, “stow” = church)
For differentiation the name of the county may be added - “Llansanffráid Swydd
Henffordd” – since it is the only Llansanffráid in this English county
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/520207 map, neuadd y plwyf / map, parish
hall
...(2) Llansanffráid (SN5167)
locality in the county of Ceredigion; and a parish at this place
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN5167 map
For differentiation the name of the county may be added - “Llansanffráid
Ceredigion” – since it is the only Llansanffráid in the county
...(3) Llansanffráid (SO1223)
locality in the district of Brycheiniog (county of Powys); and a parish at this
place
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1223 map
For differentiation the name of the county may be added - “Llansanffráid
Brycheiniog” – since it is the only Llansanffráid in the district and former
county
...(4) Llansanffráid (SO3510) locality
in the county of Mynwy
Gwesty Cwrt Llansanffráid Llansantffraed Court Hotel
For differentiation the name of the county may be added - “Llansanffráid
Sir Fynwy” – since it is the only Llansanffráid in the new county of Mynwy
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO3510 map
ETYMOLOGY: (the) church (of) saint Bríd;
Llansanffráid is from *Llan-san-fráid (llan = church) + (san’ < sant = saint) + (Braid =
Welsh form of the name of the Irish female saint Bríd (older Irish spelling:
Brighid).
The clustder nf [nv] > nff [nf]
:_______________________________.
Llansanffráid
Glan Conwy ‹lhan- lhan -san- fraid
glan ko -nui›
1 (SH8076) locality in the county of
Conwy 6km to the south-west of Baecolwyn
Also Glanconwy
2 a parish at this place
ETYMOLOGY: “the place called ‘Llansanffráid’ which is on the bank if the river
Conwy”
(Llansanffráid) + (glan = river bank) + (Conwy river name)
Llansanffráid “(the) church (of)
saint Bríd” < *Llan-san-fráid (llan = church) + (sant = saint) + (Braid =
Welsh form of the name of the Irish female saint Bríd)
:_______________________________.
Llantarnam ‹lhan- tar-nam›
1 (ST3192) locality in the county of Torfaen, south-east Wales
The earlier name was Llanfihangel Nant Teyrnon ‹lhan-vi- ha -ngel nant teir non›
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/822352
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically
representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great
Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: Llanfihangel Nant Teyrnon “the Llanfihangel which is in Nant Teyrnon”
Llanfihangel = “(the) church (of) Michael (the) (Arch)angel”
Nant Teyrnon = “(the) valley (of) Teyrnon”
Because this is an irregular reduction of a long name there is no soft
mutation *Llandarnam
Llanfihangel Nant Teyrnon > llan
Teyrnon
There are three changes involved in Teyrnon – the following sequence may not be
the actual one
(1) Teyrnon [ˡtəirnɔn] > *Tarnon [ˡtarnɔn] (compare the southern prnounciation of Maerdy [ˡməirdɪ] as
“Mardy” [ˡməirdɪ], and Maerdref / Maerdre [ˡməirdrɛv, ˡməirdrɛ] as
“Mardra” [ˡmardra] (Llanilltud Vaerdre, county of
Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(2) *Tarnon > *Tarnom
The change of final n > m occurs sporadically in Welsh. Compare place names
such as Y Trallwng (= the mire) > Y Trallwn > Y Trallwm,
Llandinan (“church (by) (the) little hillfort”) > Llandinam (Powys).
English “button” became Welsh botwn, now botwm (= button)
(3) *Tarnom > Tarnam. The change of final o > a occurs in other words in
Welsh. Compare the southern pronunciaiton of ofn [ɔvn] (=
fear) which is generally ofon [oˑvɔn], and a variantt ofan [oˑvan].
A similar reduction
in a place name in this general area in Llanddewi Nant Hodni > Llan Nant
Hodni > Llantoni
NOTE: Llanfihangel y Fynachlog (“(the)
Llanfihangel (which is) (next to) the monastery”. In Parochiale Wallicanum'/
Rev. A. W. Wade-Evans / Y Cymmrodor
(1910) , a footnote states: "Llantarnam is called, colloquially,
in Welsh Llanvihangel y Vynachlog."— J.A.B. (This is Sir Joseph Alfred Bradney, 1859-1933),
(The church is a short distance from the Abbey)
:_______________________________.
Llantoni ‹lhan- too -ni›
1 village in the county of Mynwy,
south-east Wales
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/312942
Abaty Llantoni / the abbey
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically
representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great
Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY:
Originally Llanddewi Nant Hodni “(the) Llanddewi (in) Nant Hodni”
Llanddewi = “(the) church (of) David”
Nant Hodni = “(the) valley (of the) Hodni (stream)”
A similar reduction in a place name in this general area in Llanfihangel Nant
Teyrnon > Llan Teyrnon > Llantarnam
:_______________________________.
Llantrisant ‹lhan- tri -sant›
ETYMOLOGY: “llan y
tri sant” (the) church (of the) three saints
(llan = church) + (y = the) + (tri = three) + (sant =
saint)
1 ST0483 locality
(town) in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf, south-east Wales, and a parish at
this place
Local name: Y Llan
The three saints are Illtud, Gwynno and Tyfodwg
Gwyr Rhyddion Llantrisant (‘Gwyr
Ryddon Llantrisant’ colloquially) nickname for the inhabitants of the town (“(the)
free men (of) Llantrisant”)
Twyn Llantrisant the name of the
hill on which Llantrisant stands (twyn
= hill)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/939283 Y Twyn / Llantrisant Hill
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/979714 Twyn / Llantrisant Hill
Comin Llantrisant ST0484 Llantrisant Common
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/969647
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/411124
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/969367
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
A Topographical Dictionary of Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849: The town is
romantically situated, on the road from Cowbridge to Merthyr-Tydvil, in a pass
over a mountainous ridge, between two lofty hills, and is irregularly and
indifferently built; but its whitewashed houses, with the dismantled tower of
its castle, form conspicuous and interesting features in the scenery on
approaching the mountains. The vicinity is indescribably beautiful and highly picturesque
; and the views embrace a tract of country abounding with features of romantic
character and almost unrivalled magnificence.
2 Former name of
the church at Llywel (Powys), according to
A Topographical Dictionary of Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849:
The church, once called Llantrisant, from its dedication to three saints,
viz.,
David, Padarn, and Teilo, is an ancient structure, consisting of a nave and
chancel, with a strong tower at the west end, and is situated on ground of more
lofty elevation than perhaps any other church in Brecknockshire, except that of
Penderin
3 Place in Llanfihangel y Creuddyn (Ceredigion)
A Topographical Dictionary of Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849:
The chapel of Eglwys-Newydd, which is within the precincts of the estate of Havod,
and forms an interesting and beautiful feature in the landscape, was originally
at a place called Llantrisant, nearer to the mother church, by Vron Gôch mine,
the remains of the cemetery being still plainly visible; but it was removed to
the present site early in the 17th century, through the influence of the
Herberts of Havod, and the growing population of Cwm-Ystwith works: a stone in
the east end of the chapel, inscribed 1642, was brought from the original
building and placed in its present position 30 years ago, when the chapel was
rebuilt at the expense of Colonel Johnes, the then spirited proprietor of
Havod.
ETYMOLOGY: “llan y tri
sant” (the) church (of the) three saints
(llan = church) + (y = the) + (tri = three) + (sant =
saint)
:_______________________________.
1
llanw ‹LHAA nu› (verb) (South Wales)
1 to fill (North - llenwi)
:_______________________________.
2
llanw ‹LHAA nu› (masculine noun)
1 tide
2 ton lanw, tonnau llanw tidal wave
creigres lanw, creigresi llanw tidal reef
morlyn llanw, morlynnoedd llanw tidal
lagoon
:_______________________________.
Llanwenog ‹lhan-we-nog› feminine
noun
1 (SN4945) locality in Ceredigion, south-west Wales
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/735635
yr eglwys / the church
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative
photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and
Ireland…”)
2 A parish
at this place. The parish has a hilly part and a lowland part, known as Blaenau
Llanwenog (“the highland / stream-sources / valley-heads of Llanwenog”, and
Bro Llanwenog (“the lowland / plain of Llanwenog”)
3 The parish was the home John Gwenogvryn Evans, editor of medieval Welsh
texts, (1852-1930), born in Llanybydder (SN5244) in the county of Caerfyrddin
but brought up in Llanwenog.
Gwenogfryn is (“hill (of) Gwenog”); this middle name was used to make
the very common name ‘John Evans’ more distinctive. John Gwenogvryn Evans
probably devised it himself.
As a place name a more natural form would be Bryngwenog but in forming
personal names from existing place names or hypothetical place names the
elements were sometimes reversed).
It is possibly a synonym of Blaenau Llanwenog (“upper part of the parish
of Llanwenog”).
(The name Bryn Gwenog / Bryngwenog may however occur in the parish – any confirmation
of this?) (As a house name Bryngwenog occurs in Llanfair Pont Steffan (foun
spelt as “Bryn-gwenog” in a newspaper obituary 2010) and also as a house name
(“Bryngwenog”) in Llanybydder.
The use of “v” instead of
“f” in some cases indicated support for a proposed spelling change advocated in
the 1800s but finally abandoned – the use of “v” for ‹v›, and “f” for
‹f›, as in English and other European languages, to replace Welsh”f” for ‹v›
and “ff” for ‹f›. This might be the reason for “Gwenogvryn” instead of
“Gwenogfryn”.
ETYMOLOGY: ( llan = church) + soft
mutation + (Gwenog = saint’s name)
:_______________________________.
Llanwnnog
‹lhan-u-nog›
1 (SO0293) village
in Powys (Sir Drefaldwyn division)
A Topographical Dictionary of Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849
LLANWNNOG (LLAN-WYNNOG), a parish, in the
union of Newtown and Llanidloes, Lower division of the hundred of Llanidloes,
county of Montgomery, North Wales, 6½ miles (W. by N.) from Newtown; containing
1716 inhabitants. Its name is derived from the dedication of its church to St.
Gwynnog, an eminent member of the congregation of Catwg, who flourished about
the middle of the sixth century, and was canonized after his decease.
ETYMOLOGY: “church (of) Gwynnog” (llan
= church) + soft mutation + (Gwynnog).
The saint’s name is (gwyn, gwynn- =
white; pure; holy) + (suffix –og)
The change of [wi] in the penult syllable to [u] occurs in other words in Welsh
:_______________________________.
Llanwrtud ‹lha NUR tid›
1 town, south-west
(‘church of Gwrtud’)
:_______________________________.
Llanwynno ‹lhan- wə -no›
1 (SO0395) locality
in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf (South-east Wales)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/340261
yr eglwys / the church
2 a parish at this
place
3 Daearwynno (qv) A farm by Llanwynno
church ST0295 (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
In English as “Daerwonno”, from the Welsh colloquial form of the name
(“(the) land (belonging to the church dedicated to) Gwynno”
(daear = land) + soft mutation + (Gwynno = saint’s name)
In South Wales daear > daer [dair] > da’r [daar]
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/109579
ETYMOLOGY: (the) church (of) Gwynno
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Gwynno = saint’s name)
:_______________________________.
Llanwynnog
‹lhan-wi-nog›
1 See Llanwnnog
:_______________________________.
Llanycil (i.e. the pronunciation is Llanýcil) ‹lhan-Ə-kil›
1 a village SH9134
and parish in Gwynedd, by Llyn Tegid, south-west of Y Bala, about 20 km
south-west of Corwen and 24 km to the north-east of Dolgellau
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/139591
Llanycil
(delwedd 7497)
ETYMOLOGY: llan y cil “church (of)
the secluded place / of the nook ”
(llan = church) + (y definite
article) + (cil = nook)
Although one might think that Llanycil is an erroneous spelling for
Llan-y-cil (with the accent on the final syllable), (since for example
Bryn-glas is often spelt erroneously Brynglas, Rhosddu is a misspelling for
Rhos-ddu, as is Treboeth for Tre-boeth) the name is an example of accent shift
to a preceding syllable, and so as such the spelling Llanycil correctly
indicates the pronunciation.
A similar example is Trefyclo (=
Trefýclo) in Powys from Trefýclaw < Trefýclawdd < Tref-y-clawdd (English
name: Knighton).
:_______________________________.
Llanymddyfri ‹lhan əm DHƏV ri›
1 town, south-west
:_______________________________.
Llan-y-tair-mair ‹lhan-ə-tair-mair› feminine
noun
1 SS4688 locality in the county of
Abertawe. English name: Knelston [nélstən]
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS4688
map
2 a parish at this place
(delwedd 7460)
ETYMOLOGY: (the) church (of) the three Marys (llan = church) + (y
definite article) + (tair = three,
feminine form of tri = three) + (Mair = Mary)
(note:
no soft mutation after the definite article y of feminine numerals; thus
y tair (= the three), and not “y dair”.
The three Marys are
(1) Mary, the mother of Christ,
(2) Mary Magdalen and
(3) Mary of Cleophas
They are depicted in illustrations in the Middle Ages standing at the foot of
the cross as witnesses of the Crucifixion of Christ.
(delwedd 7219)
El Greco (1541–1614), El Expolio – the three Marys appear at the bottom of the
painting
Sant Ioan 19.25 Ac yr oedd yn sefyll
wrth groes yr Iesu, ei fam ef, a chwaer ei fam ef, Mair gwraig Cleoffas, a Mair
Magdalen
Saint John 19.25 Now there stood by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his
mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene
:_______________________________.
llarieidd-dra ‹lha-ri-eidh-dra›
1 gentleness
Nid oedd ei
larieidd-dra yn peri iddo fod yn feddal a gwasaidd.
His gentleness did not make him (“did not cause him to be”) soft and servile
ETYMOLOGY: (llarieidd- < llariaidd = gentle) + (-dra
suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
llarpio ‹lharp -yo› verb
verb with an object
1 rip to pieces,
tear to pieces, pull to bits, maul
2 South Wales get, acquire, catch
3 South Wales (food) guzzle down, swallow
up
4 South Wales insult
5 North Wales to sock (somebody), to belt
(somebody)
ETYMOLOGY: possibly from llaprau =
rags, tatters, from some English word (for example, dialect larrups = rags, tatters)
South Wales llarpo (in the South generally there is -o instead of -io, i.e.
the i at the beginning of a final
syllable is lost)
:_______________________________.
llarpiog
‹lharp -yog› adjective
1 in tatters, torn
to pieces
2 (insect) greedy
and destructive
ETYMOLOGY: (llarp-i-, stem of llarpio = rip to bits) + (-og = suffix for forming adjectives)
South Wales llarpog (in the South generally there is -og instead of -iog, i.e.
the i at the beginning of a final
syllable is lost)
:_______________________________.
lla’th ‹lhaath›
southern form of llaeth (= milk)
Usually spelt (less correctly) llâth
See aa / llaath
:_______________________________.
llath,
llathau ‹LHAATH, LHA the› (feminine noun)
1 yard (= measure,
three feet); see llathen
2 hudlath magic wand
(hud = magic) + soft mutation + (llath = stick)
:_______________________________.
llathen,
llathenni ‹LHA then, lha THE ni› (feminine noun)
1 yard (= measure,
three feet) (91.44 cm)
:_______________________________.
llathrydd ‹lha -thridh› masculine
noun
PLURAL
llathryddion ‹lha-thrədh-yon›
1 polisher, device
for polishing
2 polisher, man or
woman who polishes
ETYMOLOGY: (llathr-, stem of llathru = to polish) + (-ydd = suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
llaw,
dwylo ‹LHAU, DUI lo› (feminine noun)
1 hand, hands
2 clymu rhywun draed a dwylo hogtie
somebody, bind hand and foot
3 curo eich dwylo / curo’ch dwylo ‹ki ro DUI lau› clap one’s hands
4 llaw flewog ‹lhau VLEU og› hairy hand
Mae ganddo law flewog He’s got
sticky fingers, he’s apt to steal things (“he’s got a hairy hand”)
It is also a
metonym for a person: llaw flewog
thief
Mae e’n llaw flewog He’s a thief
dwylo blewog (“hairy hands”)
Mae ganddo ddwylo blewog He’s a
thief (“he has hairy hands”)
y bobl â dwylo blewog the thieving
fraternity, people prone to steal things
5 law yn llaw ‹lau ən LHAU› (adverb) hand in hand
6 ysgwyd llaw ‹ə skuid LHAU› to shake hands (‘to shake a hand’)
7 golchi’ch dwylo wash your hands of = disclaim all involvement
in a matter, disclaim responsibility
Mathew 27:24 A Peilat a gymerth ddwfr ac a olchodd ei ddwylo gerbron y bobl
gan ddywedyd Dieuog ydwyf fi wrth waed y cyfiawn hwn
Mathew 27:24 He took water and washed his hands before the multitude saying I
am innocent of the blood of this just person
8 rhoi
clap ar eich dwylo clap your hands together (in expectation) (“give a clap
on your hands”)
9 adnabod
rhywbeth fel cefn eich llaw know something like the back of your hand
10 Dyw e byth yn llaesu dwylo He never
slackens, He never relaxes his efforts, He sticks at it constantly
11 unllaw ‹in-lhau› one-handed
(un = un) + soft mutation + ( llaw = hand) unlaw > unllaw
Also: un llaw ‹iin lhau›, ag un llaw ‹aag iin lhau›
12 trwy law by the hand of
'through the hand of’ (trwy =
through) + soft mutation + (llaw =
hand)
Samuel-1 18:25 A dywedodd Saul, Fel hyn
y dywedwch wrth Dafydd; Nid yw y brenin yn ewyllysio cynnysgaeth, ond cael cant
o flaengrwyn y Philistiaid, i ddial ar elynion y brenin. Ond Saul oedd yn
meddwl peri lladd Dafydd trwy law y Philistiaid.
Samuel-1 18:25 And Saul said, Thus shall ye say to David, The king desireth
not any dowry, but an hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be avenged of
the king's enemies. But Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the
Philistines.
13 talu ar law pay cash (“pay on hand”)
14 cymryd
y gyfraith yn eich dwylo eich hunan take the law into your own hands
15 llaw
is the first element in llofrudd (= murderer)
This is in fact a metonym, being literally “red hand”.
Originally llaw was llawf, but in modern Welsh this final f has disappeared
llawf rudd (llawf = hand) + soft
mutation + (rhudd = red)
> *llawfrudd > llofrudd (aw > o in the penult)
16 lloffa (= to glean, to gather fallen grains) < *llawffa < llawf-ha
(llawf, old form of llaw
= hand) + (-ha, suffix for forming
verbs)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic. Cognate with Old English folm (=
hand) and Latin palma (= the palm of the hand, the flat of the hand).
From an Indo-European root which also gave rise to Latin planus (= flat)
:_______________________________.
llawdyn ‹lhau -din› adjective
1 mean, stingy,
tightfisted
ETYMOLOGY: (llaw = hand ) + soft
mutation + (tyn or tynn = tight)
:_______________________________.
llawen ‹LHAU en› (adjective)
1 merry
Yr oedd yn llawen iawn ganddi fy ngweld She
was very glad to see me (“it was very merry with her my seeing”)
Nadolig Llawen Merry Christmas
:_______________________________.
llawenháu ‹lhau en HAI› (verb)
1 to rejoice
:_______________________________.
llawenydd ‹lhau-EE-nidh› (masculine noun)
1 joy, merriment
:_______________________________.
llawer ‹LHAU er› (masculine noun)
1 many
(llawer o bobl = many people)
Llawer hagr hygar fydd Beauty is
only skin deep
(“Many (an) ugly (one) (it-is) amiable that-is”)
(hy- = intensifying prefix) + soft
mutation + (car- < caru = to love)
2 much (+
adjective)
llawer gwaeth much worse
Yr oedd y tŷ
newydd ar y pryd mewn llawer gwaeth cyflwr na’r hen dŷ
At the time the new house was in a far worse state then the old house
3 Ers
llawer dydd... Once upon a time (conventional phrase for beginning a fairy
tale, etc)
(Also:
Unwaith... Once upon a time
Un tro... Once upon a time
Gynt... Once upon a time
Ers talwm... Once upon a time
Ryw dro... Once upon a time
:_______________________________.
llawes,
llewys ‹LHAU es, LHEU is› (feminine noun)
1 sleeve
bod gennych rywbeth i lan eich llawes /
bod rhywbeth lan eich llawes gyda chi
(South) have something up your sleeve
bod gennych rywbeth i fyny’ch llawes (North) have something up your
sleeve
gorwedd ar y soffa a llawes eich siaced dros eich llygaid
lie on the sofa
with the sleeve of your jacket over your eyes
2 yn llewys eich crys ‹ən lhau es i GRIIS› (adverb) in your shirtsleeves (“in
(the) sleeves (of) your shirt”)
:_______________________________.
llawfeddyg ‹lhau- vê -dhig› masculine noun
PLURAL llawfeddygon ‹lhau-ve- dhə -gon›
1 surgeon
ETYMOLOGY: (llaw = hand) + soft
mutation + (meddyg = doctor)
:_______________________________.
llawfeddygaeth ‹lhau-ve- dhə -geth› feminine noun
1 surgery
2 llawfeddygaeth gosmetig cosmetic surgery
llawfeddygaeth gadwrol conservative surgery
llawfeddygaeth plastic conservative surgery
ETYMOLOGY: (llawfeddyg = surgeon) +(-aeth
suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
llawffon ‹lhau -fon› feminine noun
PLURAL
llawffyn ‹lhau -fin›
1
walking stick
cerdded wrth lawffon walk with the
aid of a walking stick
2
club, cudgel
llawffon Ercwlff Hercules’s club /
Hercules’s cudgel
3
handstave, war club
Ezeciel 39:9 A phreswylwyr dinasoedd
Israel a ânt allan, ac a gynneuant ac a losgant yr arfau, a’r tarian, a’r
saethau, a’r llawffon, a’r waywffon; ïe, llosgant hwynt yn tân saith mlynedd
Ezekiel 39:9 And they that dwell in the cities of Israel shall go forth, and
shall set on fire and burn the weapons, both the shields and the bucklers, the
bows and the arrows, and the handstaves, and the spears, and they shall burn
them with fire seven years:
ETYMOLOGY: (llaw = hand) + (ffon = stick)
:_______________________________.
llafrwynen ‹lha-VRUI-nen› femení
PLURAL
llafrwyn ‹LHAU-vruin›
1
rush, bulrush
darlun o Moses yn ei gawell llafrwyn ar
fin yr afon
a picture of Moses in his crib of rushes on the bank of the river
ETYMOLOGY:
(a) llafrwynen = (llafrwyn = rushes) + (-en suffix added to nouns to make a
singular form out of a collective noun or plural noun)
(b) llafrwyn < *llawfrwyn < *llawrfrwyn
(llawr = ground) + soft mutation + (brwyn = rushes)
:_______________________________.
llawgaead
‹lhau-gei-ad› adjective
1 tight-fisted,
miserable, stingy, mean
ETYMOLOGY: (llaw = hand) + soft
mutation + (caead = closed)
:_______________________________.
llawn ‹LHAUN› (adjective)
1 full
2 ar eich llawn dwf fully grown (“on your
full growth”)
3 yn eich llawn dwf
..1/ (person) fully grown, grown-up, adult, mature
gweld dynion yn eu llawn dwf yn chwarae
â threnau bach
seeing grown men playing with toy trains
..2/ (fruit) ripe
afal yn ei lawn dwf a ripe apple
4 Prìn chwedl, llawn chwedl No news is
good news (“scarce report, full report”)
5 lawn cymaint just as much, to the same
extent
(llawn = full, fully) + (cymaint so much, the same quantity).
There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases,
hence llawn > lawn (ll > l)
Rw i’n hoffi’r darlun bach ‘ma – ond rw
i’n hoffi’r darlun arall lawn cymaint
I like this small picture – but I like the other picture just as much
6 Rhy
lawn, a gyll Grasp all, lose all (“too full, he will-lose”)
7 drych maint-llawn full-length mirror
:_______________________________.
llawr,
lloriau ‹LHAUR, LHOR ye› (masculine noun)
1 floor
2 ground floor
ar y llofft ac ar y llawr upstairs
and downstairs
y llawr isa’ the ground floor
(“the lowest floor”)
3 ar y llawr ‹ar ə LHAUR› (adverb) on the floor
4 chwalu yn wastad â’r llawr raze to the
ground (“destroy flat with the ground”)
5 esgynlawr cockloft, hen roost
( esgyn(n)- ‹ə›, stem of esgyn ‹i› = to raise) + soft mutation + (llawr
= floor)
6 llawr is the first element in llafrwyn (=
bulrushes)
llafrwyn < *llawfrwyn < *llawrfrwyn
(llawr = ground) + soft mutation + (brwyn = rushes)
7 llorio to floor somebody, to knock
somebody to the floor or to the ground
*llawrio > llorio (aw > o in the penult)
(llawr = floor, ground) + (-i-o
suffix per forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
llawryfen ‹lhau-RƏ-ven› [ɬaʊˡrəvɛn]
PLURAL: llawryf ‹LHAU-riv› [ˡɬaʊrɪv]
1 laurel tree
Salmau 37:35 Gwelais yr annuwiol yn gadarn, ac yn frigog fel y llawryf
gwyrdd.
Psalms 37:35 I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like
a green bay tree.
2 Coedllawryf
‹koid LHAU-riv› [kɔɪd
ˡɬaʊrɪv] laurel wood; a street in Abergele (Conwy) (spelt as “Coed Llawryf”)
This is “(y) coed llawryf” “(the) wood (of) laurel trees”, “(the) laurel wood”
(y definite article) + (coed
= wood) + (llawryf = laurel trees)
ETYMOLOGY: Either
..1/ (lawri = laurel) + (final [v]); lawri < English laury,
a form of the word laurel
(Because there is a general tendency to drop a final [v] in plysyllables,
but to retian it in the literary language, sometimes a [v] is added where it is
not warrented, in the belief that the form without the final [v] is only a
colloquial form.
But examples of this are rare – perhaps the most well-known is hunllef (=
nightmare) < hunlle ‘sad sleep’ (hun = sleep, lle, obsolete
adjective = sad), but the f is added proabably in the belief that the final
syllable is llef (a shout, a cry), as if hunllef (“a
sleep-shout”, a sout during sleep)
or
llawryf < llawrydd < llawrwydd (= laurel trees)
(llawr = laurel, < Latin laur(us))
+ soft mutation + (gwydd = trees)
:_______________________________.
lle,
lleoedd ‹LHEE, LHE odh› (masculine noun) colloquial plural: llefydd ‹LHE vidh›
1 place
enw lle, PLURAL enwau lleoedd place name
2 place = usual location of something
rhoi popeth yn ei le put everything in place / in its place
3 reason, motive, cause
lle i gasglu fod... reason to
suppose
mae’n amlwg nad oes gennyf le i gwyno it’s evident that I have no
reason to complain
Nid oes, gan
hynny, le i ameu tystiolaeth y rhan fwyaf o'r awdurdodau
diweddarach, mai yn 1123 y bu Omar farw. (Caniadau / John Morris Jones
/ 1907) So there is no reason to doubt the evidence of most of the
latest authorities that Omar died in 1123
4 place = seat or space occupied by somebody
Pawb i’w le! Everybody (please) be
seated!
I’ch lefydd bob un! Go to your seats, everyone!
5 (North Wales) y
lle sgwâr the bedroom
mynd i’r lle sgwâr go to bed (“go to
the square place”)
6 Gwnewch le! Make way! gangway! (“make space / make room /
make a place”)
7 yn lle ‹ən LHEE› (preposition) instead
of
8 scope, possibilities
bod cryn le i wella ar (rywbeth) leave a lot to be desired (“to be a
considerable place to improve on something”)
9 ni + rhoi cam o'i le not put a foot wrong, not make a mistake
("not put a step (out) of its place")
10 unlle anywhere, in any place
(ni / nid) + unlle not... anywhere, nowhere
(ni / nid = not) + (unlle anywhere)
(unlle is literally “one place”, un = one, lle = place)
In North Wales ’nunlle nowhere
’nunlle < yn unlle < nid yn unlle
(nid = no, not) + (yn = in) + (unlle = any place)
-Ble buost ti? –’Nunlle
-Where’ve you been? -Nowhere
11 creigle rocky place, crag
(creig- < craig = rock) + soft mutation + (lle = place)
12 cael lle braf get a cushy job (“get a fine place”)
13 Cartrefle (house name) home
“home place” (cartref = home) + soft mutation + (lle = place)
lle y gellir ei ddenyfddio a usable
place, a place which can be used (“(a) place which it-is-able its using”)
14 o’i le wrong (literally “from its place” i.e. out of place)
mynd o’i le go wrong (“go from its
place”)
Beth all fynd o’i le? What could go wrong? What might go
wrong? (“What can go wrong”)
Beth aeth o’i le? What went wrong?
Wn i ddim beth aeth o le ar y teclyn
I don’t know what
went wrong with the device
Beth sy o’i le ar hynny? What’s wrong with that?
15 Hyfrydle “pleasant place” house name; also a chapel name (eg
Calvanistic Methodist chapel in Caergybi, county of Môn)
(hyfryd = pleasant) + soft mutation + (lle = place)
16 lle geni ‹lhee
GEE-ni› [ɬeː
ˡgeˑnɪ] place of birth
17 lle da a fat chance = little possibility
Cwynai y gwrandawyr wrth eu gweinidog ei fod yn darllen ei bregethau, a
gofynent paham y llusgai ddarnau o bapyrau gydag ef i’r pwlpud. Atebai yntau
fod yn rhaid iddo — nas gallai gofìo’r bregeth. “Wel, wel, os ydych chwi yn
methu cofìo eich pregeth, lle da i ni fedru.”
The congreagation (“listeners”) complained to the minister that he read his
sermons, and they asked why he took (“dragged”) pieces of paper with him inot
the pulpit. He answered that he had to – he couldn’t remember the sermon.
“Well, well, if you can’t remember (“if you fail to remember”) your
sermon, a fat chance we’ve got of being able to.”
8 cael lle da have fun
Fe geson ni le da yn y parti We had a good time at the party
:_______________________________.
lle ‹LHEE› (conj)
1 where
Y y man lle (y) mae’r defaid yn ymgynnull In the place that the sheep
gather together
:_______________________________.
Llebenydd
‹lhe-BEE-nidh› feminine
noun
1 (History)
“neighbourhood” or “kúmmud” - (cwmwd)
in the cantref of Is Coed, country of Gwent (South-east Wales), anglicised as
“Libeneth”
(delwedd 7384)
2 There is a street
called Heol Llebenydd in the city of
Casnewydd (Postal Code: NP19 9AP), officially “Libeneth Road”
http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/boundary_map_page.jsp?u_id=10196693
“Map of the boundaries
of the parishes comprising Llebenydd Cmt. It is approximate because parishes may have been only partly in
the Ancient District”
:_______________________________.
Lle-braf
‹lhe-braav›
1 house name in
Bangor (Gwynedd) (spelt as “Lle Braf”)
ETYMOLOGY: y lle braf “the fine place, the splendid place”
(y definite article) + (lle =
place) + (braf = fine, splendid)
:_______________________________.
Lle
bydd mwg bydd tân ‹lhee biidh muug biidh
taan›
1 There’s no smoke without
fire = however unlikely a rumour may seem, there is often some basis for the
rumour starting
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) place there-is smoke there-is fire”)
(lle = place) + (bydd = there is, there will be) + (mwg = smoke) + (bydd = there is, there will be) + (tân = fire)
:_______________________________.
llech
PLURAL llechi, llechau ‹LHEEKH, LHEE-khi, LHEE-khe› (feminine noun)
1 slate
2 tomen lechi plural tomenni llechi, tomennydd llechi slate tip, tip with waste stones
from slate extraction
:_______________________________.
llech
faen ‹lheekh vâin› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llechau maen, llechau meini ‹lhê-khi mâin, lhê-khi mei-ni›
1 tablet of stone
Deuteronomium 4:13 Ac efe a fynegodd i
chwi ei gyfamod a orchmynnodd efe i chwi i’w wneuthur, sef y dengair; ac a’u
hysgrifennodd hwynt ar ddwy lech faen
Deuteronomy 4:13 And he declared unto you his covenant, which he commanded you
to perform, even ten
commandments; and he wrote them upon two tables of stone.
Deuteronomium 9:9 Pan euthum i fyny i’r
mynydd i gymryd y llechau meini, sef llechau y cyfamod, yr hwn a wnaeth yr
Arglwydd â chwi; yna yr arhoais yn y mynydd ddeugain niwrnod a deugain nos;
bara ni fwyteais, a dwfr ni yfais (9:10) A rhoddes yr Arglwydd ataf y ddwy lech faen, wedi eu hysgrifennu â bys
Duw; ac arnynt yr oedd yn ôl yr holl eiriau a lefarodd yr Arglwydd wrthych yn y
mynydd, o ganol y tân, ar ddydd y gymanfa (9:11) A bu, ymhen y deugain niwrnod a’r deugain nos, roddi o’r Arglwydd ataf
y ddwy lech faen; sef llechau y cyfamod
Deuteronomy 9:9 When I was gone up into the mount to receive the tables of
stone, even the tables of the covenant which
the Lord made with you, then I abode in the mount forty days and forty nights,
I neither did eat bread nor drink water: (9:10) And the Lord delivered unto me
two tables of stone written with the finger of God; and on them was written according to all the words, which
the Lord spake with you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of
the assembly. (9:11) And it came to pass at the end of forty days and forty
nights, that the Lord gave me the two tables of
stone, even the tables of the covenant.
2 slab of stone;
see the place name Llech-faen
3 llechfaen (qv) slab; bakestone
ETYMOLOGY: (llech = slab) + soft
mutation + (maen = stone)
:_______________________________.
llechfaen ‹LHEKH-vain› [ˡɬɛxvaɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL
llechfeini ‹lhekh-VEI-ni› [ɬɛxˡvəɪnɪ]
1 slate =
impervious rock easily split along parallel planes; thick pieces can be used
for doorsteps, windowsills, mantlepieces; and thin pieces for roofing tiles or
as a writing surface for chalk
2 a roofing slate
3 slab
“Llechwan” y gelwir carreg gymharol
drwchus, ac yn meddu gryn hyd a lled - digon i guddio llawr ystafell, neu darn
o gae Tarian y Gweithiwr 23 04 1899
“Llechwan” is the name given to a relatively thick stone, with a considerable
length and breadth - enough to cover the floor of a room, or part of a field
4 bakestone = flat
stone or a plate of iron for baking cakes on
bara llechwan = bread baked on a
bakestone
“Llechwan” hefyd y gelwir y teclyn
haearn a osodir ar y tân i grasu teisen. Yr oedd mewn bri mawr er’s llawer dydd
i wneud bara gwenith, haidd a cheirch. Ar hwn y crasir ‘bara llechwan’ a ‘bara
prwmlyd’ Tarian y Gweithiwr 23 04 1899
“Llechwan” was also the name given to the iron implement placed on the fire to
bake a cake. Long ago it was greatly in use for making wheaten bread, barley
bread and oat bread. On this ‘bara llechwan’, also called ‘bara prwmlyd’, is
baked.
ETYMOLOGY: see llech faen
NOTE: South-east Wales llechwan or llychwan
..1/ llechfaen > llechfen (In colloquial Welsh, a final
“ae” is reduced to “e”)
..2/ llechfen > llechwen (in some words in Welsh there
occurs the change ‹v› [v] > ‹w› [w]; for example, efallai (= maybe) > falle
> walle)
..3/ llechwen > llechwan (in the South-east, a final e > a)
..4/ llechwan > llychwan ‹LHƏKH-wan› [ˡɬəxwan] (in the south-east, in some words, the vowel before the tonic accent
becomes y, the obscure vowel)
:_______________________________.
Llech-faen ‹lheekh-VAIN› [ɬeːx ˡvaɪn] feminine noun
1 SO0828 locality in the Brycheiniog area
of the county of Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/442057
y pentref / the village
ETYMOLOGY: see llech faen (= slab of stone)
NOTE: The spelling is Llech-faen, with a hyphen, as set out in Rhestr o Enwau
Lleoedd / The Gazetteer of Welsh Place-Names (1967), because the accent falls
on this final syllable. Otherwise, as Llechfaen, the spelling would
suggest that the accent falls on the first syllable..
:_______________________________.
llechfeini ‹lhekh-VEI-ni› [ɬɛxˡvəɪnɪ]
1 plural form of llechfaen (= slab, bakestone)
:_______________________________.
llechingalw ‹LHEE-khin-GAA-lu› [ˡɬeˑxɪn ˡgɑˑlʊ] masculine noun
1 (referring to a
place whose name the speaker (1) cannot bring to mind, or (2) is reluctant to say;
but in either case, the speaker expects the listener to know which place it is)
where-d’-y’-call-it
ETYMOLOGY: (lle, a form of pa le = what place, where) + (chi’n galw, part of the phrase beth ych chi’n galw’r lle? what do you
call the place?)
:_______________________________.
Y Llech
Lydan ‹lheekh LƏ-dan› [ɬeːx ˡlədan] (f)
1 name of a sea rock SH3343 west of Llithfaen, Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=309161
map
ETYMOLOGY: “the wide
rock” (y = definite article) + (llech = rock, boulder,
stone; gravestone) + soft mutation + (llydan = wide)
:_______________________________.
llechwan ‹LHEKH-wan› [ˡɬɛxwan] masculine noun
1 south-eastern
form of llechfaen = slab; bakestone,
iron bakestone
:_______________________________.
Llechylched ‹LHEKH-ƏL-khed› [ɬɛxˡəlxɛd] masculine noun
1 SH3476 former
church in Ynys Môn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1001278
mynwent yr eglwys / the churchyard
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) stone
(of) Ylched”, Ylched’s stone (llech =
rock, boulder, stone; gravestone) + (Ylched
saint’s name)
:_______________________________.
lle
chwarae ‹lhee KHWAA-rai, -e› [ɬeː ˡxwɑˑraɪ, -ɛ] masculine noun
1 playground,
children’s playground
:_______________________________.
llechwedd,
llechweddau ‹LHEKH-wedh, lhekh-WEE-dhai, -e› [ˡɬɛxwɛð, lhɛxˡweˑðaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 hillside, slope
Tynyllechwedd name of an old long house in Pant-mawr, Powys
“farm on the hillside, “(the) farm (of) the hillside” (tyn < tyddyn =
smallholding) + (y linking definite
article) + (llechwedd = slope)
:_______________________________.
llechwen ‹LHEKH-wen› [ˡɬɛxwɛn] masculine noun
1 southern
colloquial form of llechfaen (=
slab; bakestone, iron bakestone)
:_______________________________.
..1
lled, lledau ‹LHEED, LHEE-dai, -e› [ˡɬeːd,ˡɬeˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 width, breadth
2 gwybod ei hyd a’i led have somebody
sized up (“know his length and his width”)
3 bod gyd-led gyd-hyd be as long as it is
broad
(bod = to be) + soft mutation + (cyd-led = co-length) + soft mutation +
(cyd-hyd = co-width). There is soft
mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases. hence cyd > gydd
4 lled- > llet- before g (=
mutation of c), b (= mutation of p),
t (= originally td, where d is a
mutation of t)
..1/ lletraws diagonal, diagonal
line (noun, adjective)
(lled = half) + soft mutation + (traws = oblique, slanting) > llet-draws > lletraws
..2/ llety lodging
Cf Scottish (Gaelic)
An Leth Bhaile / Level
(Moireabh / Moray) "the
half farm"
5 led-led
the length and breadth of, all over
Soft mutation to indicate adverbial function of lled-led (lled =
breadth) + soft mutation + (lled = breadth)
6 agor (drws) yn lled y
pen to open (a door) wide
(generally however it is agor (drws) led
y pen)
Drws Yr Eglwys Weledig Wedi Ei Agor Yn Lled y Pen, Fel y Gallo Credinwyr
a Phlant Bychain Ddyfod I Mewn (1799) by Thomas Jones (1752-1845)
The door of the visible church opened wide so that believers and little children
can come in
(delwedd 7610)
:_______________________________.
..2
lled ‹LHEED› [ɬeːd] (adverb)
1 fairly (+ soft
mutation);
da = good, lled dda = fairly good, quite good
drwg = bad, lled ddrwg = fairly bad
:_______________________________.
lled-dargludydd ‹lheed-dhar-GLII-didh› [ɬeːd- ðarˡgliˑdɪð] masculine noun
PLURAL lled-dargludyddion ‹lheed-dhar-glid-ƏDH-yon› [ɬeːd- ðarglɪdˡəðjɔn]
1 semiconductor
ffatri
led-ddargludyddion, ffatrïoedd lled-ddargludyddion semiconductor factory,
semiconductor plant
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/503992
ETYMOLOGY: (lled = half, semi) + soft mutation + (dargludydd = carrier, conductor)
:_______________________________.
lleddf ‹LHEDHV› [ˡɬɛðv] (adjective)
1 (music / cerddoriaeth) minor
2 (obsolete / hynafol) slope.
Lleddf is not found as an independent
noun meaning slope in
modern Welsh, but it occurs in goleddf (= slope, hillside)
Origin: goleddf < *gwoleddf
(gwo-, prefix = under) + soft
mutation + ( lleddf = sloping,
slope)
Regional forms are:
goledd’ (North Wales),
oledd’ (South Wales)
ar oleddf , colloquially ar oledd' (“on (a) slope”) – equvialent
to the English adjectives “slanting, sloping, diagonal” or the adverbs
“slantwise, diagonally”.
(ar = on) + soft mutation + (goleddf = slope)
:_______________________________.
lledfaddau ‹lhed-VAA-dhai, -e› [ɬɛdˡvɑˑðaɪ,
-ɛ] verb
1 (verb with an object) to reprieve (somebody) =
to postpone the punishment which somebody must undergo
ETYMOLOGY: (lled = half) + soft
mutation + (maddau = pardon)
:_______________________________.
lledfilwr ‹lhed-VII-lur› [ɬɛdˡviˑlʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL
lledfilwyr ‹lhed-VIL-wir› [ɬɛdˡvɪlwɪr]
1 paramilitary =
one of a group of citizens who act as soldiers to assist an army
ETYMOLOGY: “half soldier” (lled =
half) + soft mutation + (milwr =
soldier)
:_______________________________.
lledfilwrol ‹lhed-vi-LUU-rol› [ɬɛdvɪˡluˑrɔl] adjective
1 paramilitary =
relating to citizens who act as soldiers to assist an army
ETYMOLOGY: (lledfilwr =
paramilitary) + (-ol = suffix for
forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
lledfron ‹LHED-vron› [ˡɬɛdvrɔn] feminine noun
PLURAL
lledfronnau ‹lhed-VRO-nai, -e› [ɬɛdˡvrɔnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (obsolete) slope
2 Lledfron SJ1120 farm overlooking the
stream called Nant Fyllon, 2km north-west of Llanfyllin (Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: (lled = half ) + soft
mutation + ( bron = hill)
:_______________________________.
lled-ôl ‹lhed-OOL› [ɬɛdˡoːl] masculine noun
1 rear, back
2 yn eich lled-ôl back, going back the
way you have come, retracing your steps
Ymaith â Dic yn ei led-ôl i’r cae Dic
went back into the field (“away with Dic retracing his steps into the field”)
3 ar led-ôl following
ar eich lled-ôl following you
4 South-east Wales o led-ôl from behind
o’i led-ôl from behind it
ETYMOLOGY: (lled = half) + (ôl = trace, footprint; behind part)
:_______________________________.
lledr,
lledrau ‹LHEDR, LHEE-der, LHE-drai, -e› [ɬɛdr, ˡɬeˑdɛr,
ˡɬɛdraɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 leather
cadair freichiau ledr a leather
armchair
côt ledr hir ddu a long black
leather coat
crefftau lledr leather crafts
croen lledr, pl. crwyn lledr leather hide
crwban cefn lledr leatherback turtle
cynrhonyn lledr, pl. cynrhon lledr leatherjacket grub (Tipula spp.)
darn o ledr a piece of leather
dillad lledr leather clothes
gwaith lledr 1 leatherwork (objects
made with leather) 2 leather works (factory producing leather)
maneg ledr drom a heavy leather
glove
nwyddau lledr leather goods
pêl rygbi ledr a leather rugby ball,
a rugby ball made of leather
lledr ffug imitation leather
potasen ledr (archaic) leather boot
siaced ledr leather jacket
trowsus lledr coch red leather
trousers
wedi’i wneud o ledr made of leather
:_______________________________.
llef,
llefau ‹LHEEV, LHEE-vai, -e› [ɬeːv, ˡɬɛvaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 a shout, a cry
Datguddiad 10:3 ...y saith daran a lefarasant eu llefau
hwythau.
Revelations 10:3 ...seven thunders uttered their voices.
llefau galar cries of woe
2 crochlef strident cry, clamour
(croch = loud) + soft mutation + ( llef = cry )
:_______________________________.
llefain
‹LHEE-vain, -en› [ˡɬeˑvaɪn, -ɛn] (verb)
(often spelt “llefen” in colloquial dialogues, etc)
1 to cry, to weep
(South Wales)
paid â llefen don’t cry
rw i wastod yn llefen wrth dorri winwns
I always cry when I cut onions
dechre llefen (= dechrau llefain) to
begin to cry
llefen y glaw cry your eyes out
(“crying (like) the rain”)
:_______________________________.
Llefelys ‹lhe-VEE-lis› [ɬɛˡveˑlɪs]
1 male forename
It occurs in the name of the seventh tale in the Mabinogion compilation,
Cyfranc Lludd a Llefelys ‹KƏV-rank
LHIIDH a lhe-VEE-lis› [ˡkəvraŋk ˡɬiːð
a ɬɛˡveˑlɪs] (‘the tale of Lludd {and his brother} Llefelys”)
:_______________________________.
llefnyn ‹LHEV-nin› [ˡɬɛvnɪn] masculine noun
1 (= llafn)
blade (of a knife)
2 lad, young man;
teenager, adolescent
llefnyn ifanc digywilydd insolent
young man
Bu'n gweithio yn y tanerdy pan oedd yn llefnyn He worked in the tannery when he was a lad
ETYMOLOGY: (llafn = blade) + (-yn diminutive suffix);
change a > e under the influence of the final vowel i (vowel affection)
:_______________________________.
llefren ‹LHE-vren› [ˡɬɛvrɛn] (feminine noun)
1 girl
:_______________________________.
llefrith ‹LHEV-rith› [ˡɬɛvrɪθ] masculine noun
1 North Wales milk, sweet milk (i.e. milk
that has not been soured).
Llaeth is the general word for milk; in the north llaeth
is used for llaeth enwyn, buttermilk – that is, the sour liquid that
remains after the butter has been removed from churned milk
2 fel llyn llefrith (“like a pool of
milk”) said of a very calm sea = like a millpond
Llefrith occurs in place names
For example, in South Wales Waun
Lefrith near Llanddeusant
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=199315
Waun Lefrith
y waun lefrith (y = definite article) + soft
mutation + (gwaun = moor) + soft mutation + (llefrith = milk)
(“milk moor”, i.e. high ground with good pasture resulting in good yields of
milk)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh llefrith < lleflith (*llef = weak, soft, tepid; a word unknown in Welsh outside this
compound form) + soft mutation + (blith
= milk)
Dissimulation is apparent in the
change of LL-V-L > LL-V-R
From the same British root: Cornish levrith
(= sweet milk), Breton livrizh (=
sweet milk);
In Hibernian Celtic, corresponding words in Irish are:
..1/ leamh (= soft, insipid, tepid)
(corresponding to Welsh *llef),
..2/ bligh (= to milk)
(corresponding to Welsh blith)
:_______________________________.
lleiaf
(“lleia”) ‹LHEI-av, LHEI-a› [ˡɬəɪav, ˡɬəɪa] (adjective)
1 y lleiaf = the least, the smallest
2 cynhyrfu ynghylch y pethau lleiaf get
excited about the least thing, over nothing
3 bird names =
lesser
cnocell fraith leiaf (Dendrocopos
minor) lesser spotted woodpecker
4 helygen leiaf plural: helyg lleiaf
(Salix herbacea) dwarf willow
5 minor, in parish
names
Saint Andras Leiaf parish by
Dinaspowys
(Saint Andras) + soft mutation + (lleiaf = smallest)
(1971) Population: 10, Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 0%
English name: Saint Andrews Minor
6 gorau
po leiaf the less the better
Gorau po leiaf a ddywedir The less
said the better; Least said, soonest mended
7 (Music) minor
Beethoven - Sonata No. 14 in C Sharp
Minor Moonlight, Op. 27 No. 2 - I. Adagio sostenuto
Beethoven - Sonata Rhif 14 yn Llonnod C Leiaf ‘Golau Leuad’, Opws 27 Rhif 2 - I. Adagio sostenuto
:_______________________________.
lleian ‹LHEI-an› (f)
PLURAL: lleianod ‹lhei-AA-nod›
1 nun
2 Sanffraid Leian Saint Bríd or Bridget (“saint Bríd (the) nun”) there
is soft mutation (lleian > leian), which in older Welsh occured with
epithets following a person’s given name
3 Llanlleiana SH3894, by Llanbadrig in Ynys Môn / Anglesey
llan y lleianau “(the) church (of) the nuns” > llan lleianau (loss
of the linkng definite article) > llan lleiana (north-western Welsh has –a
in a final syllable for standard –au)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1111845
map
4 Llan-lleian-wen SS6799 llan y lleian wen “church (of) the white
nun”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1007764
map
5 Llanlleian (or Llanlluan), by Llanarthne SN5320
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=198441
Llanarthne
6 lleian, lleianod Lymantria monacha nun moth
(delwedd 7451)
ETYMOLOGY: (llei- < llai = (obsolete) grey) + (suffix –an)
Llai is proabably from Proto-Indo-European *pel (=
grey); from *pel is the current Welsh word for grey / brown llwyd
Related words, from derived forms of
*pel, are Old English fealu "pale,
yellowish-brown," (as in fallow deer), German fahl (=
sallow, pale), Greek polios (= grey), as in New Latin poliomyelitis or
polio (infantile paralysis), Latin pallere
(= be pale).
Cf Breton lean (= monk), leanez (= nun)
:_______________________________.
Lleian ‹LHEI-an› (f)
1 name of a
daughter of Brychan Brycheiniog (probably more correctly Lluan. Lluan occurs in
the Latin manuscript De Situ Brecheniauc circa 1200 as one of Brychan’s 24
daughters)
:_______________________________.
lleiandy ‹lhe-AN-di› (f)
PLURAL: lleiandai ‹lhei-AN-dai›
1 convent
ETYMOLOGY (lleian = nun) + soft
mutation + (ty^ = house)
Breton: leandi (= convent)
:_______________________________.
lleian wen ‹LHEI-an WEN› (f)
PLURAL: lleianod gwynion ‹lhei-AA-nod GWƏN-yon›
1 Mergus albellus smew
(delwedd 7450)
ETYMOLOGY: “white nun”, (lleian = nun) + soft mutation + (gwen,
feminine form of gwyn = white)
:_______________________________.
lleiddiad ‹lheidh -yad› masculine
noun
PLURAL: lleiddiaid ‹lheidh -yed›
1 killer = (1)
substance which kills, (2) person who kills. Found as the combining form -leiddiad
..1/ dynleiddiad = killer,
manslaughterer
..2/ bacterleiddiad bactericide (bacter- < bacteria = bacteria) + soft mutation + (lleiddiad = substance which kills)
..3/ ffwngleiddiad = fungicide,
substance for killing fungi
..4/ germleiddiad = germicide
..5/ hunanleiddiad = suicide
..6/ pryfleiddiad = insecticide
ETYMOLOGY: (lleidd- = form of lladd
= matar, before the vowel –i) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
lleiddiol ‹lleidh -yol› adj
1 (in compound words) = which kills
bacterleiddiol bactericidal(bacter- < bacteria = bacteria) + soft mutation + (lleiddiol adjective = which kills)
ETYMOLOGY: (lleidd- = form of lladd = matar, before the vowel –i) + (-i-ol, suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
lleidiau ‹LHEID ye› (plural noun)
1 muds; plural of llaid = mud
:_______________________________.
lleidio ‹LHEID-yo› (v)
1 (vi) to muddy = become muddy
2 (vt) to muddy = make (water) muddy
3 (vt) spatter with mud
ETYMOLOGY: (lleid-, penult form of llaid
= mud) + (-i-o suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
lleidiog ‹LHEID-yog› (adj)
1 muddy ENG-Z
dw^r lleidiog y porthladd the muddy water of the harbour
2 Fachleidiog SH7875 Farm by Conwy, at Aber Conwy, the mouth of the
Conwy river
If the origin of the name is as it appears on the map, this is y fach
leidiog “the muddy nook”
(y definite article) + soft mutation + (bach = corner, nook,
recess) + soft mutation + (lleifiog = muddy)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=337916
ETYMOLOGY: (lleid-, penult form of llaid
= mud) + (-i-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
lleidr,
lladron ‹LHEI dir, LHA dron› (masculine noun)
1 thief = a person
who steals
carn-leidr arrant thief
lleidr gwartheg cattle thief, rustler
lleidr pocedi pickpocket
2 Mae pob peth wrth lygad lleidr
Opportunity makes the thief (“everything is in the eye of a thief”)
3 lladrad, lladradau ‹LHA drad, lha DRA de› (masculine noun) theft
4 lladrata ‹lha DRA ta› (verb) to steal
lladrata (rhywbeth) oddi ar (rywun)
steal (something) from (somebody)
5 lleidr y nos a thief in the night
Pedr-2 3:10 Eithr dydd yr
Arglwydd a ddaw megis lleidr y nos; yn yr hwn y nefoedd a ânt heibio gyda
thwrf, a’r defnyddiau gan wir wres a doddant, a’r ddaear a’r gwaith a fyddo
ynddi a losgir.
Peter-2 3:10 But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night; in the
which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements shall
melt with fervent heat, the earth also and the works that are therein shall be
burned up.
6 lleidr weiddiff lleidr gyntaf a thief
is always the first to accuse others of thieving (“a thief shouts thief first”)
(Sefyllfa: Mae’r gof ar fin dychwelyd i’w efail) "Well ’i mi roi'r troed gora mlaen'" ebe Huw, 'swybod ar y
ddaear na fydd o wedi gweld i wyn ar rwbath os bydd o acw o mlaen i. Mae o'n
meddwl fod pawb yn lladron, a lleidar weiddith lleidar gynta wyddoch
Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (= Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910)
(Situation: The smith is about to go back to his smithy) “I’d better put my
best foot forward,” said Huw. There’s no knowing whether he’ll take a fancy to something if he’s down
there before me. He thinks that everybody is a thief, but a thief is always the
first to accuse others of thieving
7 ogof
lladron a den of thieves, robbers' hideout, thieves' den, brigands' cave
lleidr pen ffordd highwayman, highway robber
mae’r banciau wedi ymddwyn fel lladron pen ffordd the banks have behaved
like highway robbers
:_______________________________.
lleied ‹LHEI ed› (adjective)
1 so little
er cyn lleied however little
pa gyn lleied bynnag however little
2 cynlleied - so small, as small
:_______________________________.
lleihaëdig ‹lhe-ha- ê -dig› adjective
1 diminished,
lessened
cyfrifoldeb lleihaëdig diminished
responsibility
:_______________________________.
lleiháol ‹lhei-HAA-ol› adjective
1 diminishing
Deddf Adenillion Lleihaol Law of Diminishing Returns
ETYMOLOGY: (lleihá- = stem of lleiháu
= diminish, decrease) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
lleilai ‹LHEI-lai› adjective
1 less and less
Gw^r sydd yn myned yn lleilai pwysig wrth gael ei 'nabod
a man who becomes less and less
important as people get to know him (‘while
getting his knowing’) Y Brython Cymreig
01-03-1906
:_______________________________.
lleill ‹LHEILH› (plural noun)
1 y lleill = the others; see llall
:_______________________________.
lleiniau ‹LHEIN-ye, -yai› (plural noun)
1 strips; see llain
:_______________________________.
lleisiau ‹LHEIS-ye, -yai› (plural noun)
1 oices; see llais
:_______________________________.
Lleision ‹lhei -shon› masculine
noun
1 Lleision man’s name; English form:
Leyshon
2 Lleision patronymic, form of ap Lleision (son of Lleision)
3 surname =
descendant of Lleision; English form: Leyshon
4 Leison soft-mutated form (ll > l)
used as a genitive form in certain place names
(1) Coed Leison (“(the) wood (of)
Lleision”) name of a wood west of Pendeulwyn (Bro Morgannwg)
(2) Gwaunleision
(“(the) moor (of) Lleision”) name of a village by Gwauncaegurwen (county of
Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
Also a street in this place: Waunleision
(Waunleision
would be the local form, with gwaun (= meadow) regarded as a radical form; Gwaunleision is the
standard form with the correct radical form gwaun)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Lleision < Lleisian ‘little voice’ (lleis-, = llais = voice) + (-an
diminutive suffix). There are other examples in the south of the change in the
final vowel a > o – the most well-known is wastod (= always) < yn wastad < gwastad (= flat)
:_______________________________.
lleithder ‹LHEITH der› (masculine noun)
1 humidity,
dampness
:_______________________________.
lleithydd ‹lhei-thidh› masculine
noun
PLURAL
lleithyddion ‹lhei-thədh-yon›
1 moisturiser
rhaid glanhau’r croen a rhoi lleithydd
arno ddwywaith y dydd
it is necessary to clean the skin and put moisturiser on it twice a day
ETYMOLOGY: (llaith = húmid) + (-ydd suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
llelo ‹LHE-lo› masculine
noun
1 fool
ETYMOLOGY: Diminutive
form of Llewelyn / Llywelyn
Probably Llewelyn > (a diminutive ending –o replacing the final –yn) *Llewelo
> (contraction of the first syllable, reduction from three to two
syllables) Ll’welo > Ll’elo / Llelo
In the English dialect of Llanidloes:
TALALLO, a dolt or
blockhead. A corruption of the Welsh Llelo. (Parochial Account of Llanidloes /
Edward Hamer / Chapter X / Folk-lore. Page 308 Collections Historical and
Archeological Relating to Montgomeryshire and its Borders / 1877)
:_______________________________.
llen,
llenni ‹LHEN, LHE ni› (feminine noun)
1 curtain
2 dan lenni’r nos under cover of night
:_______________________________.
llên ‹LHEEN› (masculine noun)
1 literature
:_______________________________.
lleng,
llengoedd ‹LHENG, LHE ngodh› (feminine noun)
1 legion
:_______________________________.
llengfilwr
‹lheng- vî lur› masculine noun
PLURAL
llengfilwyr ‹lheng- vil -wir›
1 legionnaire,
legionary
ETYMOLOGY: (lleng = legion ) + soft
mutation + (milwr = soldier)
:_______________________________.
llengig ‹lheng -gig› m
1
diaphragm
2 tor llengig hèrnia (“breaking (of)
diaphragm”)
ETYMOLOGY: “tissue meat”; ll’é’n|gig
< ll’éin|gig < lli|éin|gig
(lliein- < lliain = tissue ) + soft mutation + (cig = flesh, meat)
Breton lienenn-gig (same meaning)
NOTE: Caerfyrddin: llyn|gig (ng-g)
Cwm Tawe: llengig (ng)
:_______________________________.
llenni ‹LHE ni› (plural noun)
1 curtains; see llen
:_______________________________.
llennig
‹lhe -nig› feminine noun
1 obsolete little church
In “Llyfr Llan-daf” (the book of Llan-daf, centuries 1100 and 1200) there is
mention of “Hen Lenhic Lann Gvern in Ercicg” (= Hen Lennig Llan Wern yn Ergyng) the old church of Llan Wern in (the
territory of) Ergyng
ETYMOLOGY: (llann- < llan
= church) + (-ig diminutive suffix)
There is vowel affection (a > e as a result of the i in the suffix)
:_______________________________.
llenor,
llenorion ‹LHE nor, lhe NOR yon› (masculine noun)
1 writer
:_______________________________.
lleol ‹LHE ol› (adjective)
1 local
awdurdod lleol local authority (USA: locla
government) the administration of a borough or county
:_______________________________.
lles ‹LHEES› (masculine noun)
1 benefit,
advantage
2 Pa les fydd hynny? What good will that
do? What good will it do?
3 clinig lles plant
child welfare clinic
4 gwneud
mwy o drwg nag o les do more harm than good
:_______________________________.
llesiant ‹lhes -yant› masculine
noun
1 welfare
neuadd lesiant welfare hall, hall
for community activities
cymdeithas lesiant friendly society
(‘society (of) welfare’)
ETYMOLOGY: (lles = benefit) + (-iant = noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
llesol ‹LHÊ sol› (adjective)
1 wholesome
bwyd llesol wholesome food
2 aflesol unwholesome
bwyd aflesol unwholesome food
:_______________________________.
llestr
‹lhe-ster› masculine noun
PLURAL
llestri ‹lhe-stri›
1 vessel = cup,
dish, pot, etc, container especially for liquid
2 (sometimes a feminine noun) vessel = ship (probably
because llong (= ship) is feminine)
3 llestr pridd earthernware pot; in the
south-east llestar priddyn
4 llestri
te tea things, cups and saucers for tea
5 llestri dishes (eating utensils -
dishes, cup; also knives, forks, spoons)
golchi’r llestri do the washing up,
wash the dishes; wash the plates and cutlery
6 county of Ceredigon llestr wy (llester wi) = egg cup
7 llestr godro (“vessel (of) milking”); llestr llaeth (“vessel (of) milk”) =
milking pail, milking receptacle
8 medium =
substance for carrying an active ingredient;
Oherwydd ei ddawn i dreiddio i’r cnawd
o’r tu allan, defnyddid saim gwydd fel llestr i gynnwys meddyginiaethau eraill
because of its ability to penetrate into the flesh from the outside goose
fat was used as a medium to carry other medicaments
9 llestr pysgod goldfish bowl
10 llestr mesur = measuring vessel
(“vessel (of) measuring”)
11 llestr diferu = colandor (“vessel (of)
dripping”)
12 llestr sebon soapdish (“vessel (of)
soap”)
13 llestr toddi crucible (“vessel (of) melting”);
crucible = vessel for melting substances which melt at a very high temperature
and so need extreme heat
14 South-west Wales llestr gwenyn (llester gwenyn) = beehive
15 South-east Wales llestr cinio (llestar cino) = dinner dish (large
meat plate, etc)
16 South-east Wales llestr menyn (llestar menyn) = butter dish, plate
for holding butter at a meal table
17 county of Caerfyrddin chamber pot, pot
placed under the bed for urinating in during the night
18 South-east Wales jam pot
19 llestr gwaed blood vessel (“vessel (of)
blood”)
20 (= llestr llo) uterus (of cow) (“vessel
(of) calf”); organ in pelvic cavity where fetus develops
21 South-east Wales llestri main porcelain (“thin vessels”)
22 utensil; llestri bwyta eating utensils
llestri cegin kitchen utensils,
kitchenware
23 Bible vessel = human body as a recipient
of some spiritual quality
llestr trugaredd vessel of mercy
Rhufeiniaid 9:23
Ac i beri gwybod golud ei oganiant ar
lestri trugaredd, y rhai a ragbaratôdd efe i ogoniant
Romans 9:23
And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy,
which he had afore prepared unto glory
24 Bible y llestr gwannaf allusion to a woman, the weaker vessel (in Welsh,
a superlative form rather than a comparative form “the weakest vessel”)
Pedr-1 3:7 Y gwyr, yr un ffunud,
cydgyfanheddwch â hwynt yn ôl gwybodaeth, gan roddi parch i’r wraig megis i’r
llestr gwannaf
Peter-1 3:7 Likewise ye husbands dwell with them according to knowledge, giving
honour unto the wife, as unto the weaker vessel
25 Mwya’u trwst, llestri gweigion Empty
vessels make most noise, people with the least reliable information or most
foolish opinions like to express themselves vociferously (“biggest / greatest
their noise, empty vessels”)
26 dyfrlestr watering can (dyfr-, penultimate form of dwfr = water) + soft mutation + (llestr = vessel)
27 priddlestr
earthernware pot, piece of pottery
(pridd = earth ) + soft mutation + ( llestr = vessel )
28 llestri
metel metalware
NOTE: In the North llestr ‹lhestr› .
In south-west Wales, llester ‹lhe-ster› . In south-east Wales llester > llestar
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *les-tro-
From the same British root: Cornish lester,
Breton lestr.
Irish leastar ‹l’a-stər› (= vessel, cask) is from Welsh
:_______________________________.
llestr
gweini ‹lhe ster GWEI ni› (masculine noun)
1 serving dish
:_______________________________.
llestr inc ‹lhe-ster ingk› masculine
noun
1 inkwell = vessel
for holding ink into which a pen nib is dipped
ETYMOLOGY: (llestr = vessel) + (inc = ink)
:_______________________________.
llestri ‹LHE stri› (plural noun)
1 dishes; see llestr
:_______________________________.
lletchwith ‹LHET khwith› (adjective)
1 awkward (South: lletwith - ‹LHET with›) .
ETYMOLOGY: lletchwith < lléd-chwith
(lled = half, quite, somewhat) + (chwith
= left-handed; awkward, clumsy)
From “lled chwith” = left-handed
:_______________________________.
llethr,
llethrau ‹LHE ther, LHE thre› (feminine noun)
1 slope
:_______________________________.
lletraws ‹lhe -traus› masculine
noun
PLURAL
lletrawsau ‹lhe- trau -se›
1 diagonal,
diagonal line
ar letraws diagonally, sloping,
slanting
ETYMOLOGY: lletraws (noun,
adjective) > llet-draws < (lled = half) + soft mutation + (traws = oblique, slanting)
:_______________________________.
lletwith ‹LHET-with› adj
1 (South Wales) See lletchwith
:_______________________________.
Lleu ‹lhei› masculine
noun
1 Lugos (Latin:
Lugus), the most prominent of the Celtic gods. His name is found all over the
former Celtic area, but especially in what was once Gaul. With the conquest and
occupation of Gaul by the Romans, the cult of Lugos was transferred to the
Roman god Mercury.
2 found as an
element in Welsh forenames
..1/ Clodleu c1300 (obsolete); clod (= fame)
..2/ Llywarch < *Lugu-varkos; the
second element is (in modern Welsh) march
(= horse). There is an obsolete form with the elements reversed: Marchlew
..3/ Llywelyn < *Lugu-belinos;
the second element meaning “war”
..4/ Lliwelydd < *Luguvalion
“strong like Lugus” (valos = strong). The Roman camp at the English town of
Carlisle (on the border with Scotland) was Luguvalium,
and the name in modern Welsh is Caerliwelydd
“fort of Lliwelydd”
..5/ Lleuri (obsolete); rhi = king
..6/ Lleuddun (obsolete); with the
suffix –ion, it is found in the
territorial name Lleuddunion, a
district in south-eastern Scotland. The name survives in Scottish (Gàidhlig) as
Lodain and as English Lothian ‹lou-dhiən›
..7/ Lleubryd (obsolete); pryd (= appearance, shape)
2 found as an
element in Welsh place names
..1/ Dinas Dinlle (= Dinlleu, fort
of Lleu), by Llandwrog, south-west of Caernarfon
..2/ Dyffryn Nantlle “the valley
called Nantlle”. This is from Nantlleu (“valley of Lleu”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
From the same British root: Cornish Lew
Two possible derivations have been suggested (1) “the bright one” -
Indoeuropean *leuk- (= light), as in
Greek leukos (= white); or (2) “the
raven” - leug- = (blackish), which
gave rise to Gaulish lougos (=
raven).
NOTE: See Lugu-dunum
:_______________________________.
lleuad,
lleuadau ‹LHEI ad, lhei AA de› (feminine noun)
1 moon
Bu cryn ddadl rhwng y ddau am yr amser ar y lleuad wrth blannu tatws
There was a lot of debate between the two of them about the time of the moon
during the planting of potatoes
2 noson olau leuad ‹No son O la LEI ad› moonlit night
3 Rhys Llwyd y Lleuad the man in the moon
("Rhys Llwyd (of) the moon")
Also: Hen Ŵr y Lleuad (“(the)
old man (of) the moon”)
:_______________________________.
lleuad
fedi ‹lheiad VE di› (feminine noun)
1 harvest moon
ETYMOLOGY: (lleuad = moon) + soft mutation + (medi
= reaping)
:_______________________________.
lleuad
gwy^r Iâl ‹lhei ad gwiir YAAL› (feminine noun)
1 harvest moon (in
North-east Wales)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) moon (of) (the) people (of)
(the commote of) Iâl”
(lleuad = moon) + (gwy^r Iâl
= the people of Iâl)
(gwyr = men; inhabitants of a named place, people of a named place < gw^r
= man)
:_______________________________.
lleuadol ‹lhei- â -dol› adj
1 lunar
mis lleuadol lunar month
ETYMOLOGY: (lleuad = moon) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
lleuad y naw nos olau ‹lhei ad ə NAU noos O
le› (feminine noun)
1 harvest moon (in
North-east Wales) ‘the moon of nine light nights’ because it rises at the same
time every night
:_______________________________.
lleuad
yr heliwr ‹lhei ad ər HEL yur› (feminine noun)
1 harvest moon
(“the moon of the hunter”)
:_______________________________.
Lleucu ‹LHEI ki› (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name
:_______________________________.
lleuer
‹lhei -er› masculine noun
1 = light, illumination ; see lleufer
:_______________________________.
lleufer ‹lhei -ver› masculine
noun
PLURAL
lleuferau ‹lhei-vê -re›
1 (obsolete) light,
radiance
2 Lleufer name of the magazine (founded 1944) of
Cymdeithas Addysg y Gweithwyr (Workers’ Educational Organisation)
ETYMOLOGY: (lleu = light) + probably
the element *ber < *bher (= to carry), if not *ber < *bher (= to flow)
:_______________________________.
llew,
llewod ‹LHEU, LHEU od› (masculine noun)
1 lion
2 dal fel llew
yn rhywbeth hang onto something
like grim death (“hold-on like a-lion in something”)
3 said of somebody
roaring: rhuo fel llew roaring like
a lion
4 said of a man
with a strong singing voice
Mae ganddo lais fel llew He has a
powerful voice (“he’s got a voice like a lion”)
:_______________________________.
Llew ‹LHEU› (masculine noun)
1 diminutive of Llewelyn / Llywelyn
:_______________________________.
Llewela ‹lhe WE la› (feminine noun)
1 feminine form of Llywelyn (Llywel- + -a)
:_______________________________.
Llewelyn ‹lhe WE lin› (masculine noun)
1 man’s name,
variant of Llywelyn (llyw = leader, and apparently Belyn = god of war).
:_______________________________.
llewes, llewesau ‹LHEU es, lheu E se›
(feminine noun)
1 lioness
:_______________________________.
llewyg ‹lheu ig› masculine
noun
PLURAL
llewygon ‹lheu- ə -gon›
1 faint, swoon
cael llewyg bach faint (“have a
small faint”)
mewn llewyg in a faint
2 llewyg y ci Apocynum, plant said to be poisonous to dogs (“faint
(of) the dog”)
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
llewygu ‹lhe- wə -gi› verb
1 (verb sense
objecte) faint, swoon
Yr oeddwn i bron â llewygu o eisiau bwyd
(ôn i bron llewycu isha bwyd)
I was almost fainting from hunger
Bu bron i mi lewygu I nearly
fainted, my heart stood still
2 be famished, be
starving
ETYMOLOGY: (llewyg = faint) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: Colloquial form: llwgu. Also
in the south-east llewycu
:_______________________________.
llewys ‹LHEU is› (plural noun)
1 sleeves; see llawes
:_______________________________.
lleyg ‹LHEIG› (adjective)
1 lay, secular
:_______________________________.
LlGG
1 Abbreviation for Llyfr Gweddi Gyffredin (Book of Common
Prayer)
:_______________________________.
lli ‹lhii› feminine
noun
1 y lli the sea
2 Y Coleg ger y Lli nickname for the
university in Aberystwyth (“the college by the sea”); the university in Bangor
is Y Coleg ar y Bryn (“the college
on the hill”)
3 Glan-lli - street name in Pen-clawdd
(county of Abertawe)
glan y lli (“(the) shore (of) the sea”, sea shore)
ETYMOLOGY: colloquial form of llif
(= flow, flood, flow of the tide, sea). The loss of a final [v] in monosyllables
is generally a feauture of the Welsh spoken in the north of the country.
:_______________________________.
Llia ‹lhi -a› feminine
noun
1 SN9216 Afon Llia = river in Brycheiniog (Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
lliain
‹LHII-ain, -en› [ˡɬiˑaɪn,
-ɛn] masculine noun
PLURAL
llieiniau ‹lhi-EIN-yai, -e› [ɬɪˡəɪnjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 (cloth) linen
2 cloth
3 veil
Yn y wlad honno gwelir ymhobman y lliain
du ar wyneb y merched
In that country you see everywhere the black veil over the faces of the women
4 South-east Wales llian bord ‹LHII-an
BORD› [ˡɬiˑan ˡbɔrd] (= lliain bord) tablecloth
5 adjective made of linen;
ffrog liain linen skirt
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin lînum
(= flax)
From the same British root: Cornish lien
(= linen cloth), Breton lien (=
linen cloth)
cf Irish léine (= shirt) < Latin
NOTE: informal spelling: lliain >
llien
North Wales lliain > llien > llian
Alternative plural forms:
lleinau ‹LHEI-nai, -e› [ˡɬəɪnaɪ, -ɛ]
llienni ‹lhi-E-ni› [ɬɪˡɛnɪ]
llieinau ‹lhi-EIN-ai, -e› [ɬɪˡəɪnaɪ, -ɛ]
In South Wales lline, llina are colloquial forms of lleiniau
:_______________________________.
lliain
allor ‹lhi-ian, -en, A-lhor› [ɬɪaɪn,
-ɛn, ˡaɬɔr] masculine noun
PLURAL
llieiniau allor ‹lhi-EIN-yai,
-ye, A-lhor› [ɬɪˡəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡaɬɔr]
1 altar cloth = a
cloth covering the altar; cf blaenlen
frontal (= decorative cloth hanging in front of the altar)
ETYMOLOGY: “cloth (of) altar” (lliain
= cloth) + (allor = altar)
:_______________________________.
lliain
bord ‹LHI-ain, -en, BORD› [ɬɪaɪn,
-ɛn, ˡbɔrd] masculine noun
PLURAL
llieiniau bordydd ‹lhi-EIN-yai, -ye, BOR-didh› [ɬɪˡəɪnjaɪ,
-ɛ, ˡbɔrdɪð]
South Wales
1 tablecloth
ETYMOLOGY: “cloth (of) table” (lliain
= cloth) + (bord = table)
NOTE: colloquial form, South Wales: lleiniau
bordydd > lline bordydd, llina
bordydd
:_______________________________.
lliain
bwrdd ‹LHII-ain, -en, BURDH› [ɬɪaɪn,
-ɛn, ˡbʊrð] masculine noun
PLURAL
llieiniau byrddau ‹lhi-EIN-yai, -ye, BƏR-dhai, -e› [ɬɪˡəɪnjaɪ,
-ɛ, ˡbərðaɪ, -ɛ]
1 tablecloth
ETYMOLOGY: “cloth (of) table” (lliain
= cloth) + (bwrdd = table)
:_______________________________.
lliain
caws ‹LHII-ain, -en, KAUS› [ɬɪaɪn,
-ɛn, ˡkaʊs] masculine noun
1 cheesecloth
ETYMOLOGY: “cloth (of) cheese” (lliain
= cloth) + (caws = cheese)
:_______________________________.
lliain
ceffyl ‹LHII-ain, -en, KEE-fil› [ɬɪaɪn,
-ɛn, ˡkeˑfɪl] masculine noun
PLURAL
llieiniau ceffyl ‹lhi-EIN-yai, -ye, KEE-fil› [ɬɪˡəɪnjaɪ,
-ɛ, ˡkeˑfɪl]
1 saddle-cloth
ETYMOLOGY: “cloth (of) horse” (lliain
= cloth) + (ceffyl = horse)
:_______________________________.
lliain
cyfrwy ‹LHII-ain, -en, KƏV-rui› [ɬɪaɪn,
-ɛn, ˡkəvrʊɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL
llieiniau cyfrwy ‹lhi-EIN-yai, -ye, KƏV-rui› [ɬɪˡəɪnjaɪ,
-ɛ, ˡkəvrʊɪ]
1 saddle-cloth
ETYMOLOGY: “cloth (of) saddle” (lliain
= cloth) + (cyfrwy = saddle)
:_______________________________.
lliain
llaeth (“llien llaath”) ‹LHII-ain, -en, LHAITH› [ɬɪaɪn, -ɛn, ˡɬaɪθ,
ˡɬɑːθ] masculine noun
South-east Wales
1 cloth for
straining milk
ETYMOLOGY: “cloth (of) milk” (lliain
= cloth) + (llaeth = milk)
:_______________________________.
lliain
sychu ‹LHII-ain, -en, SƏ-khi› [ɬɪaɪn, -ɛn, ˡsəxɪ] (feminine noun)
1 tea towel, cloth
for drying dishes
:_______________________________.
llid ‹LHIID› [ɬiːd] (masculine noun)
PLURAL llidiau ‹LHID-yai, -ye› [ˡɬɪdjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 fury
ffoi rhag y llid a ddaw flee the
wrath that is to come
2 inflammation
:_______________________________.
llidiart,
llidiardau ‹LHID-yart, llid-YAR-dai, -e› [ˡɬɪdjart,
llɪdˡjardaɪ, -ɛ] masculine noun
1 gate
2 eistedd
ar ben llidiart sit on the fence, not commit oneself to one side or another
in a dispute (“sit on top of a gate”)
:_______________________________.
Llidiardau ‹lhid-YAR-dai, -e› [ɬɪdˡjardaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (SH1929) locality
in the district of Dwyfor (county of Gwynedd, North-west Wales)
(The local form would be Llidiarda
since in this area a final -au is ‹A› [a]
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/210262
ysgol ger y Llidiardau
2 (SH8738) locality the district of Meirionnydd
county of Gwynedd, North-west Wales), 6km west of Y Bala
(The local form would be Llidiarde
since in this area a final -au is ‹e› [ɛ], as in most of the country)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/572398
Llidiardau
3 farm by Llanilar, Ceredigion
(The local form would be Llidiarde
since in this area a final -au is ‹e› [ɛ], as in most of the country) as in most of the
country)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN6374
(delwedd 7423)
(delwedd 7426)
ETYMOLOGY: y llidiardau = “the gates” (plural of llidiart = gate)
:_______________________________.
Llidwm ‹LHII-dum› [ˡɬiˑdʊm]
1 locality in England
– Lydham (SO3391), in the county of Shropshire, 3km north-east of Bishops
Castle in England and 8km south-east of Yr Ystôg in Wales
(delwedd 7088)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/220029
ETYMOLOGY: a Cymricisation of the English name
:_______________________________.
llieiniau ‹lhi-EIN-yai, -e› [ɬɪˡəɪnjaɪ,
-ɛ] (plural noun)
1 cloths; see llain
:_______________________________.
1
llif, llifiau ‹LHIIV, LHIV-yai, -ye› [ˡɬiːv, ɬɪˡvjaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 saw
2 blawd llif ‹blaud LHIIV› [blaʊd ˡɬiːv] sawdust (‘flour (of the) saw”)
:_______________________________.
2
llif, llifogydd ‹LHIIV, lhi-VOO-gidh› [ˡɬiːv, ɬɪˡvoˑgɪð] (masculine noun)
1 flow
llif yr ymwybod stream of
consciousness
2 flood
3 (North) llif Awst August spate, full river in
August (“August flow”)
4 as a second
element in compound words
..1/ gwaedlif haemorrhage (gwaed = blood ) + soft mutation + ( llif = flow)
..2/ rhewlif glacier (rhew = ice) + soft mutation + (llif = flow)
..3/ mislif menstruation (mis = month) + soft mutation + (llif = flow)
Mae'r mislif arni She's having her
period (“the period is on her, the menstruation is on her”).
:_______________________________.
llifeiriant ‹lhi-VEIR-yant› [ɬɪˡvəɪrjant]
PLURAL
llifeiriannau ‹lhi-veir-YA-nai,
-e› [ɬɪvəɪrˡjanaɪ, -ɛ]
1 flow, flood,
spate
atal y llyfeiriant to staunch the
flow
llifeiriant diderfyn o eiriau an
endless flow of words
Ond yn ddisymwth, ryw ddydd ym mis Awst,
‘torrodd cwmwl' ar y mynydd, ac ymchwyddodd pob nant yn llifeiriant ysgubol
mewn ychydig amser
(Y Pentre Gwyn, gan Anthropos (Robert David Rowland 1853?-1944))
But suddenly, on day in the month of August, a cloud burst on the mountain, and
every stream swelled in a short time into a gushing (‘sweeping’) flow
ETYMOLOGY: (llif = flow) + (*ber = carry, bear) + (suffix -iant)
e > ei due to the influence of the semi-vowel i- at the head
of the final syllable
:_______________________________.
llifeirio ‹lhiv-VEIR-yo› [ɬɪvˡvəɪrjɔ] verb
1 flow, stream
Y mae dwy afon fawr fordwyol yn llifeirio trwy y diriogaeth hon
Two great navigable rivers flow throught this territory
California /
Y Traethodydd (Gorffennaf 1851) / Tudalennau 346
“Y mae yn
wir yn yr Iaith Gymraeg amryw eiriau o’r un ystyr a’r Saesoneg; ac yn ddiweddar
y mae chwaneg beunydd yn llifeirio iddi oddiwrth y Saesoneg” Drych y Prif Oesoedd
Theophilus Evans, Year 1716
It is true that in the Welsh language
various words with the same meaning as in English, and lately more are flowing
into it every day from English
2 gwlad
sy’n llifeirio o laeth â mêl a land flowing with milk and honey , a place
of abundance and contentment
Exodus 3:8 A mi a
ddisgynnais i'w gwaredu hwy o law yr Eifftiaid, ac i'w dwyn o'r wlad honno i
wlad dda a helaeth, i wlad yn llifeirio o laeth a mêl; i le y Canaaneaid, a'r
Hethiaid, a'r Amoriaid, a'r Pheresiaid, yr Hefiaid hefyd, a'r Jebusiaid.
Exodus
3:8 And I am come down
to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of
that land unto a good land and a large, unto a land flowing with milk and
honey; unto the place of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites,
and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites.
Exodus 33:2 A mi a
anfonaf angel o'th flaen di, ac a yrraf allan y Canaanead, yr Amoriad, a'r
Hethiad, y Pheresiad, yr Hefiad, a'r Jebusiad: (33:3) I
wlad yn llifeirio o laeth â mel: oherwydd nid af fi i fyny yn dy blith; oblegid
pobl wargaled wyt: rhag i mi dy ddifa ar y ffordd.
Èxode 33:2 And I will
send an angel before thee; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and
the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite: (33:3) Unto a land flowing with milk
and honey: for I will not go up in the midst of thee; for thou art a
stiffnecked people: lest I consume thee in the way.
3 flow, pour = come
in great or regular quantities
ETYMOLOGY: (llifeir- from the noun llefeiriant = flux) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
llifiedig ‹lhiv-i-EE-dig› [ɬɪvɪˡeˑdɪg] adjective
1 sawn; sawn-off
dryll llifiedig sawn-off shotgun
blociau llifedig
o galchfaen sawn-off blocks of limestone
ETYMOLOGY: (llif-, stem of the verb llifio < lliwio = to saw) (-i-edig
suffix for forming a past participle adjective)
:_______________________________.
llifion
‹LHIV-yon› [ˡɬɪvjɔn] plural noun
1 filings; see llifyn ‹LHII-vin› [ˡɬiˑvɪn]
llifion haearn iron filings
Y mae Duw yn gosod mwy o werth ar ei wirionedd; y mae mân-ddrylliau a
llifion y gwirionedd yn werthfawr God raiseth the price of his truth the
more; the very shreds and filings of truth are venerable.
Y Gelfyddyd o Dduwiol foddlonrwydd / Thomas Watson
/ 1831 translation / page 74
A translation into Welsh of The Art of Divine
Contentment (1653), Thomas Watson (born circa 1620, died 1686)
:_______________________________.
llifwr ‹LHII-vur› [ˡɬiˑvʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL llifwyr ‹LHIV-wir› [ˡɬɪvwɪr]
1 dyer
ETYMOLOGY: (llif-, stem of the verb llifio < lliwio = to dye) + (-wr
suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
llifogydd ‹lhi-VOO-gidh› [ɬɪˡvoˑgɪð]
1 plural of llif = flood
:_______________________________.
Llifon ‹LHII-von› [ˡɬiˑvɔn] (masculine noun)
1 man’s name
:_______________________________.
llifwaddod ñ ‹lhiv-WAA-dhod› [ɬɪvˡwɑˑðɔd] masculine noun
PLURAL
llifwaddodion ‹lhiv-wa-DHOD-yon› [ɬɪvwaˡðɔdjɔn]
1 alluvium,
alluvial deposit
gwastatir llifwaddod alluvial plain
ETYMOLOGY: (llif = flow) + soft
mutation + (gwaddod = sediment)
:_______________________________.
llifyn
1 ‹LHII-vin› [ˡɬiˑvɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL
llifion ‹LHIV-yon› [ˡɬɪvjɔn]
1 dye
ETYMOLOGY: (llif-, stem of the verb llifio < lliwio = to dye) + (-yn,
singulative suffix, -ion plural
suffix)
:_______________________________.
llifyn
2 ‹LHII-vin› [ˡɬiˑvɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL
llifion ‹LHIV-yon› [ˡɬɪvjɔn] 1 filing;
llifion haearn iron filings
ETYMOLOGY: llif-, stem of the verb llifio (= to saw) + (-yn, singulative suffix, -ion plural suffix)
:_______________________________.
..1
llin ‹‹LHIIN› [ɬiːn] (masculine noun)
1 flax
2 geulin y Forwyn (Thesium humifusum)
bastard toadflax (“false flax of the Virgin”)
:_______________________________.
..2
llin, lliniau ‹LHIIN, LHIN-yai, -e› [ˡɬiːn, ˡɬɪnjaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 line
2 as a second
element in compound words
..1/ nawnlin meridian
(nawn = midday, afternoon, three in
the afternoon) + soft mutation + (llin
= line)
:_______________________________.
llindir ‹LHIN-dir› [ˡɬɪndɪr] masculine noun
1 “Llindir Street”,
name of a street in Henllan (county of Dinbych) (this would be Ffordd y Llindir in Welsh)
ETYMOLOGY: Is this “flax land”? (No history of the name to hand at present).
The current form suggests (llin =
flax) + soft mutation + (tir = land)
:_______________________________.
llinell,
llinellau ‹LHI-nelh, lhi-NE-lhai, -e› [ˡɬɪnɛɬ, ɬɪˡnɛɬaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 line
2 llinell derfyn
(f), llinellau terfyn (race) finishing line; demarcation line
:_______________________________.
llinell
biced, llinellau piced ‹lhi-nelh BI-ked, lhi-ne-lhai, -e, PI-ked› [ɬɪnɛɬ ˡbɪkɛd,
ɬɪnɛɬaɪ, -ɛ ˡpɪkɛd] (feminine noun)
1 picket line
:_______________________________.
llinellu ‹lhi-NE-lhi› [ɬɪˡnɛɬɪ] verb
1 line = draw lines
on
:_______________________________.
llinfap ‹LHIN-vap› [ˡɬɪnvap] masculine noun
PLURAL
llinfapiau ‹lhin-VAP-yai, -e› [ɬɪnˡvapjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 sketch map
ETYMOLOGY: (llin = line ) + soft
mutation + ( map = map)
:_______________________________.
lliniarol ‹lhi-ni-A-rol› [ɬɪnɪˡarɔl] adjective
1 palliative
gofal lliniarol palliative care
ETYMOLOGY: (lliniar- stem of the
verb lliniaru = ease, alleviate) + (-ol = adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
llinlun
‹‹LHIN-lin› [ˡɬɪnlɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL
llinluniau ‹lhin-LIN-yai, -e› [ɬɪnˡlɪnjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 line drawing
ETYMOLOGY: (llin = line) + soft
mutation + (llun = drawing)
:_______________________________.
..1
llinos, llinosod ‹LHII-nos, lhi-NO-sod› [ˡɬiˑnɔs, ɬɪˡnɔsɔd] (feminine noun)
1 (Phylloscopus trochiloides) linnet
:_______________________________.
..2
Llinos ‹LHII-nos› [ˡɬiˑnɔs] (feminine noun)
1 girl’s name
(‘linnet’)
:_______________________________.
llinos
benfelen ‹LHII-nos ben-VEE-len› [ˡɬiˑnɔs bɛnˡveˑlɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL
llinosod penfelynion
‹lhi-NO-sod pen-ve-LƏN-yon› [ɬɪˡnɔsɔd pɛnvɛˡlənjɔn]
1 Emberiza citrinella = yellowhammer;
alternative name for bras melyn
ETYMOLOGY: (llinos = linnet,
‘flax bird’) + soft mutation + (penfelen,
feminine form of penfelyn =
yellow-headed)
:_______________________________.
llinos
werdd, llinosod gwyrddion / gwyrdd ‹lhi-nos WERDH, lhi-no-sod GWƏRDH-yon, GWIRDH› [ɬɪnɔs ˡwɛrð, ɬɪnɔsɔd
ˡgwərðjɔnˡgwɪrð] (feminine noun)
1 (Phylloscopus
trochiloides) greenfinch
:_______________________________.
llinyn,
llinynnau ‹LHI-nin, lhi NƏ ne› (masculine noun)
1 cord, string,
twine
llinyn bysgota fishing line
2 string for tying: apron string, etc
llinyn ffedog apron string
bod ynghlwm wrth linyn ffedog ei fam
be tied to his mother’s apron strings
3 drawstring
llinyn trôns drawstring for
underpants, underpant drawstring
4 llinyn bwa bow string (of
violin bow)
5 y llinyn arian the silver cord of
life, which is broken by death; the bone marrow of the spinal cord; the spinal
cord
Pregethwyr (12:5) Ie, yr amser yr ofnant
yr hyn sydd uchel, ac yr arswydant yn y ffordd, ac y blodeua y pren almon, ac y
bydd y ceiliog rhedyn yn faich, ac y palla chwant: pan elo dyn i dŷ ei hir
gartref, a'r galarwyr yn myned o bob tu yn yr heol: (12:6) Cyn torri y llinyn arian, a chyn torri y cawg
aur, a chyn torri y piser gerllaw y ffynnon, neu dorri yr olwyn wrth y pydew.
Ecclesiastes (12:5)
Also when they shall be afraid of that which is high, and fears shall be in the way, and the almond
tree shall flourish, and the grasshopper shall be a burden, and desire shall
fail: because man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go about the
streets: (12:6) or ever the silver cord be loosed, or the golden bowl be broken, or
the pitcher be broken at the fountain, or the wheel broken at the cistern.
6 llinyn mesur measuring line,
measuring rod, measuring tape, measuring rule
(Job 38:5) Pwy a osododd ei mesurau hi, os gwyddost? neu
pwy a estynnodd linyn
arni hi? (Job 38:5) Who hath laid the measures thereof,
if thou knowest? or who hath stretched the line upon it?
(Jeremeia 31:38) Wele y dyddiau yn
dyfod, medd yr ARGLWYDD, yr adeiledir y ddinas i'r ARGLWYDD, o dŵr
Hananeel hyd borth y gongl. (31:39) A'r
llinyn
mesur a â allan eto ar ei gyfer ef, ar fryn Gareb, ac
a amgylcha hyd Goath.
(Jeremiah 31:38) Behold,
the days come, saith the LORD, that the city shall be built to the LORD from
the tower of Hananeel unto the gate of the corner. (31:39) And the measuring line shall yet go forth over against it upon the
hill Gareb, and shall compass about to Goath.
:_______________________________.
Llio ‹lhi -o› feminine noun
1 woman's name
ETYMOLOGY: diminutive form of Gwenllian
- (the syllable lli) + (-o diminutive suffix added to nouns)
:_______________________________.
llio ‹lhi -o› verb
1 (South Wales) =
to lick
llio esgidiau rhywun lick someone’s
boots
Normally spelt llyo
ETYMOLOGY: variant of llyfu (= to
lick)
:_______________________________.
llipa ‹LHI pa› (adjective)
1 limp
2 clustlipa floppy-eared; miserable,
unhappy, crestfallen, down in the dumps, dejected, downhearted, defeated,
beaten, cowed
(clust = ear) + soft mutation + (llipa = weak, drooping)
3 llipa eich golwg looking downcast, looking dejected
Fe ddaeth e adref yn ddigon llipa ei olwg He came home looking quite
dejected
:_______________________________.
llith,
llithiau / llithoedd ‹LHIITH, LHITH-ye, -yai / LHI thodh› (feminine noun)
1 letter (formal,
jocular);
2 formerly also:
reading from the Bible. See croglith
:_______________________________.
llithrig
‹LHITH rig› adjective
1 slippery
2 mor llithrig â thalcen iâr as slippery as an eel “as slippery as
the forehead of a hen”
:_______________________________.
llithro ‹LHITH
ro› (verb)
1 slip
2 llithro at (rywun) yn ddiarwybod iddo
sneak up on somenbody (“slink to (somebody) without him knowing”)
:_______________________________.
lliw,
lliwiau ‹LHIU, LHIU-ye, -yai› (masculine noun)
1 colour
2 liw
dydd in broad daylight (“colour (of) day”)
liw nos by night (“colour (of) night”)
y bugeiliaid yn gwylio eu praidd liw nos the
shpherds watching their flock by night
(there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adverbial phrase)
3 lliw
didraidd opaque colour
4 a/ castanlliw (adjective) (horse) light
bay
(castan = chestnut) + soft mutation
+ (lliw = color / colour) > castán-liw > castanlliw (loss of soft mutation n-l > n-ll)
b/ lliw castan (noun or adjective)
chestnut = of the colour of a chestnut
5 lliw oren orange, orange
colour
6 melynlliw yellow,
yellow in colour
cochliw red-coloured
gwaedliw blood-red
deuliw having two colours
amryliw multicoloured
o bob lliw multicoloured (informal)
bob lliw multicoloured (informal)
o bob lliwiau multicoloured (informal)
bob lliwiau multicoloured (informal)
gwyrddliw green-coloured
llwydliw grey-coloured
gwynlliw white-coloured; (noun) whiteness
glasliw blue-coloured
7
good condition, success
Mae lliw ar bethau Things are looking
good
:_______________________________.
Lliw ‹lhiu›
feminine noun
1
(SS5999) Afon Lliw river in the
county of Abertawe, flowing into the estuary of the Llwchwr river
Dyffryn Lliw the valley of this river;
a division of the short-lived county of Gorllewin Morgannwg 1974-1996
Bryn-lliw locality in the county of
Abertawe
“(the) hill (overlooking the river) Lliw” (bryn
= hill) + (Lliw)
1961: population: 4.063; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 53%
1971: population: 3.810; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 41%
Pont-lliw locality
in the county of Abertawe
“(the) bridge (on the river) Lliw” (pont
= bridge) + (Lliw)
2 (SH8331) Afon
Lliw river in the district of Meirionnydd (county of Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: lliw = color / colour
:_______________________________.
lliwddall ‹lhiu dhalh› adjective
1 colour-blind
ETYMOLOGY: calque on English colour-blind;
(lliw = colour) + soft mutation + (dall = blind)
:_______________________________.
lliw
dydd ‹lliu diidh› masculine noun
1 daylight
liw dydd by day, in daylight; there
is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adverbial phrase, in this case ll > l;
breuddwydio liw dydd daydreaming
ETYMOLOGY: (lliw = light) + (dydd = day)
:_______________________________.
lliwgar ‹lhiu -gar› adjective
1 colourful =
having many different colours, esp. contrasting colours
gwisgo gwisg hir liwgar
wear a long colourful dress
2 vivid, rich
Mae hi’n siarad Cymraeg rhywiog a
lliwgar ei mam-gu
She speaks the excellent and vivid Welsh of her grandmother
3 colourful =
scandalous
Roedd chwaer mam yn dipyn o ddafad ddu,
â gorffennol reit liwgar
My mother’s sister was a bit of a black sheep, with quite a colourful past
4 healthy = having
a healthy colour
Mae golwg lliwgar ar y fuwch oddiar imi
ei rhoi yn y cae arall
The cow looks healthy since I put it in the other field
ETYMOLOGY: (lliw = color) + (-gar, suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
lliwiad ‹lhiu
-yad› masculine noun
PLURAL lliwiadau ‹lhiu- yâ
-de›
1 (substance) colo(u)ring, dye
lliwiad gwneud artifical colo(u)ring
2 (process) dyeing, colouring
ETYMOLOGY: ( lliw- , root of lliwio =
to comb) + ( -i-ad noun-forming suffix)
NOTE: also (in the south) lliwad . In south Wales the suffix -iad is
regularly -ad
:_______________________________.
llo,
lloi ‹LHOO, LHOI› (masculine noun)
1 calf
Cae’r Lloi field name (“(the) field (of) the
calves”) (also Cae Lloi – the linking definite article often lost in place
names)
llestr llo
uterus (of cow) (“vessel (of) calf”); organ in pelvic cavity where fetus
develops
morlo seal (“sea calf”) (môr = sea)
+ soft mutation LL > L) + (llo = calf)
:_______________________________.
llobyn ‹lhô-bin›
1 numskull, blockhead,
dunce See: lòb
Er yn dlawd, trefnodd i anfon ei ddau fachgen i ysgol geiniog yr wythnos oedd
yn yr ardal. Elai Jabes, yr hynaf, ymlaen yn llwyddianus gyda'i wersi. Ond nid
oedd Samuel ond llobyn, nodedig am wneyd direidi ac absenoli ei hun heb ganiatad
ei athraw. (Hunan-Gymorth / Samuel Smiles / Cyfiethieidig gan J. Gwrhyd
Lewis, Tonyrefail. 1898) t.55
Though poor, he (his father) arranged to send his two sons to a penny-a-week
school which was in the neighbourhood. Jabez, the elder, made good progress in
his classes, and made great progress in his lessons. But Samuel was nothing but
a dunce, noted for causing mischief and playing truant.
ETYMOLOGY: (llòb, variant of lòb = blockhead) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns)
:_______________________________.
lloches
PLURAL llochesau ‹LHÔ khes, lho KHE se› (feminine noun)
1 shelter
lloches rhag y dymhestl shelter from the storm
2 ffoi
o’ch lloches break cover (“flee from your shelter”)
:_______________________________.
Lloegr
“Lloeger” ‹LHOIGR, LHOI-ger› [ˡɬɔɪgr,ˡɬɔɪgɛr] (feminine noun)
1 England
2 USED AS AN
ATTRIBUTE
When it is used with the meaning “characteristic of England / according to English
practice / of the type found in England” rather than “belonging to England” the
soft-mutated form Loegr is found
after singular feminine nouns
...1/ Eglwys Loegr the Church of
England (i.e. organised according to the practice in England”)
..2/ cyfraith Loegr (and also cyfraith Lloegr) English law
3 USED AS AN
ATTRIBUTE
of England, belonging to England (with this meaning, there is no soft mutation Lloegr > Loegr)
..1/ Canolbarth Lloegr (= Central
England)
..2/ llywodraeth Lloegr “(the) government
(of) England”, the English government (llywodraeth
is a feminine noun)
..3/ Senedd Lloegr “(the) parliament
(of) England”, the English parliament (senedd
is a feminine noun)
4 Lloegrwys (literary language) the
people of England, the English
:_______________________________.
Lloegr
Fach ‹lhoigr VAAKH, LHOI-ger VAAKH› [ˡɬɔɪgr
ˡvɑːx, ˡɬɔɪgɛr ˡvɑːx] (feminine noun)
1 Little England -
name of certain farms in Wales
:_______________________________.
Lloegriad ‹LHOIGR-yad› [ˡɬɔɪgrjad] masculine noun
PLURAL
Lloegriaid ‹LHOIGR-yaid, -yed› [ˡɬɔɪgrjaɪd, -ɛd]
1 Englishman
Lloegriad Newydd New Englander,
inhabitant of New England in the USA
ETYMOLOGY: (Lloegr = Anglaterra) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix, indicating an
inhabitant of a place)
:_______________________________.
Lloegrwys ‹LHOI-gruis› [ˡɬɔɪgrʊɪs] pl
1 (literary
language) the people of England, the English
ETYMOLOGY: (Lloegrwys = inhabitants
of Lloegr or England) + (-yn
diminutive suffix added to nouns to make a singular form out of a collective
noun or plural noun)
(Lloegr = England ) + (-wys suffix to indicate the inhabitants
of a district, from the Latin suffix -ênses)
:_______________________________.
lloer
‹LHOIR› [ɬɔɪr] feminine noun
PLURAL: lloerau ‹LHOI-rai,
-e› [ˡɬɔɪraɪ, -ɛ]
1 moon
2 newyddloer new moon; time of the new
moon; a festival celebrated by the Hebrews coinciding with the new moon
(newydd- ‹ə› [ə] < newydd ‹i› [ɪ] = new) + soft mutation + (lloer
= moon)
Colosiaid 2:16 Am hynny na
farned neb arnoch chwi am fwyd, neu am ddiod, neu o ran dydd gwyl, neu
newyddloer, neu Sabothau:
Colossians 2:16
Let no man therefore
judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the new
moon, or of the sabbath days:
ETYMOLOGY: Cornish loer (= moon),
Breton loar (= moon). Possiby from
the British element lug (= light) +
suffix -râ, from Indo-European leuk-, leug- (= light)
NOTE: In southern Ceredigion llŵer
‹LHUU-er› [ˡɬuˑɛr] and llwêr ‹lhweer› [ɬweːr]
:_______________________________.
lloeren ‹LHOI-ren› [ˡɬɔɪrɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL
lloerennau ‹lhoi-RE-nai, -e› [ɬɔɪˡrɛnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 satellite = natural
body moving in orbit around a planet, such as the Moon around the earth; a moon
2 satellite =
artificial body;
dysgl loeren ‹di-skil loi-ren› satellite dish
3 small patch of
land;
Also lloeren o dir small patch of
land
4 ‘Malwen’ ydyw lloeren dewach na’r gweddill
o lafn y bladur
A ‘malwen’ (= snail) is a round blemish thicker than the rest of the scythe
blade
5 (medieval poetry)
fair maid
ETYMOLOGY:(lloer = moon) + (-en, diminutive suffix added to a
feminine noun)
:_______________________________.
lloergan ‹lhoir -gan› masculine noun
1 moonlight
2 (adjective)
moonlit
ar nosweithiau lloergan on moonlit
nights
3 (adjective)
diloergan moonless, without
moonlight, dark
yn y nos ddiloergan on a moonless
night
ETYMOLOGY: (lloer = moon ) + soft
mutation + ( can = brilliance,
shine); Breton has loargann (= moonlight)
:_______________________________.
lloffa ‹lhoo-fa› masculine noun
1 to glean, to gather grain which has fallen to the ground after reapers
have cut the corn
ETYMOLOGY: lloffa < *llawffa
< *llawf-ha
(llawf, old form of llaw = hand) + (-ha, suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
llofft,
llofftydd ‹LHOFT, LHOF tidh› (feminine noun)
1 upper floor,
upstairs part of a house
2 upstairs bedroom
3 ar y llofft ‹ar ə LHOFT› (adverb) (South Wales) upstairs
ar lofft (adverb) ( (South Wales) upstairs
lan lofft (adverb) ( (South Wales) upstairs
4 llofft olau clerestory (a
wall with windows higher than surrounding roofs to admit light to an interior
space)
5 llofft yr ystabl
(colloquially lloft y stabal > lloft stabal) stable loft, loft above
a stable, where farmhands were accommodated
caneuon lloft stabal popular songs that were sung by
farmhands in the stable loft
5 llofft allan loft above an
outhouse, where farmhands were accommodated
6 llofft storws hayloft
(literally: storehouse loft)
7 Llofft yr Hôl (Caernarfon) former local name for the covered market (1823) which was
on two floors. Flanked on one side by the street called “Twll yn y Wal” or “Hole
in the Wall” in English (hence “hôl” < hole according to some, but probably
English “hall” referring to the English name Market Hall, or else to the hall
called Plas-mawr on the site of which the market was built)
ETYMOLOGY: English LOFT
:_______________________________.
llofnod,
llofnodau ‹LHOV nod, lhov NOO de› (masculine noun)
1 signature
llofnod ffug false signature
:_______________________________.
llofnodi ‹lhov
NOO di› (verb)
1 to sign
llofnodi contract sign a contract
:_______________________________.
llofrudd,
llofruddiaid ‹LHOV ridh, lhov RIDH yed› (masculine noun)
1 murderer
llofrudd torfol mass murderer
llofrudd erchyll a horrific murderer
:_______________________________.
llofruddiad,
llofruddiadau ‹lhov RIDH yad, lhov ridh YAA dai,
de› (masculine noun)
1 murder
llofruddiad dychrynllyd a terrible murder
:_______________________________.
llofruddio ‹lhov
RIDH yo› (verb)
1 to murder
Cafodd ugeiniau o'i thrigolion
diniwed wedi eu llofruddio Scores of its innocent inhabitants were murdered
:_______________________________.
llofruddiog ‹lhov- ridh -yog› adjective
1 murderous =
intent on murder; murdering = who commit murders; bloodthirsty
mileiniaid llofruddiog murdering
thugs
ETYMOLOGY: (llofrudd-, stem of llofruddio = to murder) + (-iog suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
llog,
llogau ‹LHOOG, LHOO ge› (masculine noun)
1 interest (on a
loan)
:_______________________________.
llogell,
llogellau / llogelli ‹LHO gelh, lho GE lhe / lho GE lhi› (feminine noun)
1 pocket
:_______________________________.
llogi ‹LHOO
gi› (verb)
1 to hire
:_______________________________.
llon ‹lhon› adjective
1 cheerful, happy,
merry,
llon a dedwydd happy and cheerful
dawnsio’n llon to dance merrily
yr haul yn tywynnu’n llon the sun shining merrily
2 sometimes in house or street names (usually with a word denoting a
dwelling – annedd (= dwelling, house, home), hafod (summer place,
or summer house), ty^ (= house);
or a field (erw = field), gwaun (= moorland field), ffrith (=
moorland field) (here ‘pleasant’ is probably a better English translation)
..a/ Annedd-lon, house name (“happy
home”);
..b/ Erw-lon, house name (“pleasant
field, happy acre”);
..c/ SH7968 Ffrith-lon Farm near Eglwys-bach, county of Conwy (“pleasant
enclosed upland pasture”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/200022 map
..d/ Hafod-lon street name in Rhiw-las,
Bangor (county of Gwynedd) (“happy summer farm”)
..e/ Tŷ-llon house name in
Cefncribwr (Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (“merry house”)
..f/ Waun-lon street name in Y
Drenewydd yn Notais (county of Bro Morgannwg) (“happy moorland meadow”)
(“Waunlon”)
3 comparison: mor llon â’r brithyll as happy as can be, as
happy as a sandboy (“as merry as the trout”). In Scottish (Gaelic) there appears the same idiom:
“Cho sona ri caibheanach ann an sruth” (= as happy as a trout in a stream)
4 cyfuniad o'r llon a'r
lleddf a combination of the merry and the
melancholy, the hapy and the sad
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *lond-o-.
In Irish there is lonn (= angry,
irascible)
See the entry below: llon llygod lle ni
bo cath
:_______________________________.
llon-
A reduced form of llawn (=
full) in the tonic syllable in:
...llonaid (= fullness) (usually reduced to a single syllable llond)
and the pretonic syllable in
...llongyfarch (= to congratulate), from which llongyfarchiadau (=
congratulations)
:_______________________________.
llond ‹LHOND› (masculine noun)
1 fullness
cyrraedd eich llond reach saturation
point
2 profi yn llond yr enw turn out to be
exactly as the name suggests
Yn y flwyddyn
1797, yn mhen dwy flynedd wedi ei urddiad, efe a gymerodd Mary Brees y Coed, yn
ymgeledd cymwys iddo ei hun, yr hon yn ol iaith traddodiad a brofodd yn llon’d
yr enw.
In the year 1797, two years after his ordination, he took Mary Brees
from Y Coed as a wife (“suitable help”), who, according to tradition, turn out to be exactly as the name
suggests.
(ymgeledd cymwys helpmate = helpful
wife or husband, literally ‘‘suitable help’)
Genesis 2:18 Hefyd yr Arglwydd Dduw a
ddywedodd, Nid da bod y dyn
ei hunan; gwnaf iddo ymgeledd cymwys iddo...
Genesis 2:18 And the Lord God said, It is not good that the man should be
alone; I will make him an help meet for him...
Genesis 18:20 Ac Adda a enwodd enwau ar
yr holl anifeiliaid, ac ar ehediad y nefoedd ac ar holl fwystfilod y maes; ond
ni chafodd efe i Adda ymgeledd cymwys iddo
Genesis 18:20 And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air,
and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found an help meet
for him
ETYMOLOGY: a reduction of llonaid
< llawnaid (llawn = full) + (-aid suffix indicating
fullness, equivalent to English –ful)
llonaid / lloned > llon’d >
llond
:_______________________________.
llong ‹lhong›
PLURAL
llongau ‹lho-nge›
1 ship = large
sailing vessel
adeiladydd llongau shipbuilder
asiant llongau shipping agent (“agent (of) ships”)
bwrdd llong deck of a ship
camlas longau ship canal (“canal
(of) ships”)
...Camlas Longau Manceinion Manchester Ship Canal
chwalwr llongau ship breaker, dismantler of old ships (“destroyer (of) ships”)
gwaelodion llong bilge = filth which collects in the bottom of a boat (gwaelod = bottom, gwaelodion = sediment)
...dŵr gwaelodion bilge water
iard longau shipyard (“yard (of) ships”)
perchennog llongau shipowner (“owner (of) ships”)
swyddfa longau shipping office (“office (of) ships”)
2 types of ship
awyrlong airship (awyr
= air, sky) + soft mutation + (llong
= ship)
carcharlong convict ship, ship used as a prison
llong fasnach merchant vessel, merchantman
llong gludo freighter
llong lo coal ship
mwynlong ore carrier (mwyn =
ore) + soft mutation + (llong =
vessel, ship)
3 cadw llong uwchláw’r dŵr keep a
ship afloat (“keep (a) ship above the water”)
4 Mae’r llygod yn gadael llong ar suddo
Rats desert a sinking ship
5 (Morwriaeth) gwaelodion llong bilge water
(“sediments (of) ship”)
6 fel llong heb lyw like a rudderless
ship, drifting at the mercy of the elements
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin longa
< nâvis longa (= long boat)
From the same Latin root: Irish long (=
boat, ship), Manx lhong (= boat,
ship)
:_______________________________.
Llong ‹lhong› feminine
noun
1 SJ2662 locality in the county of Y
Fflint, 3km south-east of Yr Wyddgrug
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh llong < llwng < llwnc (= marsh) < llwnc (=
swallowing up; throat).
From llwnc (= throat) comes llyncu
(= to swallow)
Compare the place name Y Trallwng (in
English “Welshpool”) “great marsh” (tra =
intensifying prefix) + (llwng =
marsh)
:_______________________________.
Llong.
1 abbreviation = Llongwriaeth
(= Seamanship)
:_______________________________.
llong
bleser ‹lhong ble-ser› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llongau pleser ‹lho-nge ple-ser›
1 pleasure boat =
boat which makes short trips for holidaymakers
mynd o Gaer Belan i Gaernarfon ar long
bleser go from Caer Belan to Caernarfon on a pleasure boat
ETYMOLOGY: calque on English “pleasure boat”; (llong = boat) + soft mutation + (pleser = pleasure)
:_______________________________.
llongborth ‹lhong -borth› feminine
noun
1 obsolete harbour
2 Llongborth Welsh name (though not in
general use) for Portsmouth, town on the south coast of England
ETYMOLOGY: ‘ship port’ (llong =
ship) + soft mutation + (porth =
port);
cf Ireland longfort (= camp, fortress) (and also as a
place name with this meaning).
This Irish word longfort was formerly “river port, place upriver
accessible to seagoing vessels”. Its counterpart in Manx is lhongphurt
:_______________________________.
llong
bost ‹lhong bost› feminine noun
PLURAL
llongau post ‹lho-nge post›
1 mailboat
ETYMOLOGY: calque on English “mail boat”; (llong
= boat) + soft mutation + (post =
post, mail)
:_______________________________.
llong
bysgota ‹lhong bə- sko-ta› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llongau pysgota ‹lho-nge pə-sko-ta›
1 fishing boat
ETYMOLOGY: (llong = boat) + soft
mutation + (pysgota = to fish,
fishing)
:_______________________________.
llong
danfor ‹lhong dan-vor› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llongau tanfor ‹lho-nge tan-vor›
1 submarine
ETYMOLOGY: (llong = boat) + soft
mutation + (tanfor = undersea,
submarine)
:_______________________________.
llong
ddistryw ‹lhong dhi-striu› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llongau distryw ‹lho-nge di-striu›
1 destroyer
ETYMOLOGY: (llong = boat) + soft
mutation + (distryw = destruction)
:_______________________________.
llongddrylliad ‹lhong-dhrəlh-yad› masculine
noun
PLURAL
llongddrylliadau ‹lhong-dhrəll- yâ -de›
1 shipwreck =
accidental destruction of a ship, as by hitting rocks,
or rolling over through the force of the wind and waves, etc
2 mynd yn llongddrylliad ar (“become a
shipwreck on”) be shipwrecked
“Ar ôl mor-deithio am fis, fe
aeth yn llongddrylliad arnom mewn ynys annhrigiannol” (Y Geiniogwerth. Cyfrol 3. 1847)
After sailing for a month we were shipwrecked by an uninhabited island /
a desert island
Also said of
disaster striking a venture, etc; to go under
Yn mhen pum mlynedd aeth yn llongddrylliad ar ei
fenter After five years his venture failed (“it
became a shipwreck on his venture”)
3 obsolete (person) gwneud llongddrylliad be shipwrecked
Timotheus-1 1:19 Gan fod gennyt ffydd, a
chydwybod dda; yr hon a wrthododd rhai, ac a wnaethant longddrylliad am y ffydd
Timothy-1 1:19 Holding faith, and a good conscience; which some having put
away concerning faith have made shipwreck
4 obsolete gwneud llongddrylliad o to wreck
(a ship) (“make a shipwreck of”)
Gwnaeth longddrylliad o'r
Llywodraeth… (Y
Llan. 10 Hydref 1884.) The government collapsed
ETYMOLOGY: (llongddryll-, stem of llongddryllio = shipwreck) + (-i-ad noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
llongddryllio ‹lhong-dhrəlh-yo› verb
1 wreck = cause to
be wrecked, as a ship driven onto rocks
2 cael eich llongddryllio be shipwrecked
ETYMOLOGY: (llong = boat) + soft
mutation + (dryllio = smash to bits)
:_______________________________.
llong
deithwyr ‹lhong deith-wir› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llongau teithwyr ‹lho-nge teith-wir›
1 passenger ship
ETYMOLOGY: (llong = ship) + soft
mutation + (teithwyr = passengers,
plural of teithiwr = passenger)
:_______________________________.
llong
fasnach ‹lhong vas-nakh› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llongau masnach ‹lho-nge vas-nakh›
1 merchant-navy
ship, merchant ship, merchant vessel, merchantman
ETYMOLOGY: (llong = boat) + soft
mutation + (masnach = trade,
commerce)
:_______________________________.
llongferch ‹lhong-verkh› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llongferched ‹lhong-ver-khed›
1 woman sailor
ETYMOLOGY: (llong = boat) + soft
mutation + (merch = girl, woman)
:_______________________________.
llong
ffatri ‹lhong fa -tri› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llongau ffatri ‹lho-nge fa-tri›
1 factory ship =
fishing vessel which processes the fish at sea
ETYMOLOGY: (llong = ship) + (ffactri = factory)
:_______________________________.
llong
forfilod ‹lhong vor-vii-lod› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llongau morfilod ‹lho-nge mor-vî-lod›
1 whaler, whaling
ship
ETYMOLOGY: “ship (of) whales” (llong =
ship) + soft mutation + (morfilod =
whales, plural of morfil = whale)
:_______________________________.
llong
garthu ‹lhong gar-thi› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llongau carthu ‹lho-nge kar-thi›
1 dredger
ETYMOLOGY: “ship (of) dredging” (llong =
ship) + soft mutation + (carthu =
dredge, dredging)
:_______________________________.
llong
hwylio, llongau hwylio ‹lhong HUIL yo, lho nge› (feminine noun)
1 sailing ship
:_______________________________.
llong
hyfforddi ‹lhong hə- for-dhi› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llongau hyfforddi ‹lho-nge hə- for-dhi›
1 training ship
ETYMOLOGY: “ship (of) training” (llong =
ship) + (hyfforddi = to train,
training)
:_______________________________.
llong
ryfel ‹lhong rə-vel› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llongau rhyfel ‹lho-nge hrə-vel›
1 warship
ETYMOLOGY: “ship (of) war” (llong =
boat) + soft mutation + (rhyfel =
war)
:_______________________________.
llong
warchod ‹lhong war-khod› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llongau gwarchod ‹lho-nge gwar -khod›
1 escort
ETYMOLOGY: “ship (of) watching over” (llong
= boat) + soft mutation + (gwarchod =
watch over)
:_______________________________.
llongwr ‹lho-ngur› masculine
noun
PLURAL
llongwyr ‹lhong-wir›
1 sailor, mariner
2 llongwr
masnachol merchant seaman
3 Brɥnllongwr ‹brin- lhong-ur› A housing development in Y Barri
(“Bryn Llongwr”)
Apparently a recent name c. 2003 - bryn y llongwr “(the) hill (of) the
mariner” (brɥn = hill) +
(y definite article) + (llongwr = sailor, mariner)
ETYMOLOGY: (llong = boat) + (-wr, suffix = ‘man’, soft-mutated form
of gŵr = man)
:_______________________________.
llongwriaeth ‹lhon-ngur-yaith - yeth› feminine noun
1 seamanship
2 Llongwriaeth
Seamanship (subject label in a dictionary)
Abbreviation: Llong.
ETYMOLOGY: (llongwr = sailor) + (-i-aeth suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
llongwrol ‹lho-nguur-ol› adjective
1 nautical, naval
lluesteiwr llongwrol ship’s
quartermaster
ETYMOLOGY: (llongwr = sailor) + (-ol, adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
llongyfarch ‹lhon-gə-varkh› verb
1 congratulate
A gaf i’n gyntaf dy longyfarch ar dy
ddyweddïad gydag Owain
May I first of all congratulate you on your engagement to Owain
ETYMOLOGY: (llon = merry, happy) +
soft mutation + (cyfarch = to greet)
:_______________________________.
llongyfarchiad ‹lhon-gə- varkh -yad› masculine
noun
PLURAL
llongyfarchiadau ‹lhon-gə-varkh-yâ-de›
1 congratulation
2 llongyfarchiadau congratulations,
(congrats, congratters)
Llongyfarchiadau mawr i chi Very
many congratulations to you! (“big congratulations to you”)
ETYMOLOGY: (llongyfarch-, stem of llongyfarch = congratulate) + (-iad suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
llongyfarchiadau ‹lhon gə varkh YA de› (plural noun)
1 congratulations
:_______________________________.
llongyfarchion ‹lhon-gə- varkh -yon›
1 = llongyfarchiadau congratulations
:_______________________________.
llon
llygod lle ni bo cath
‹lhon lhə-god lhee nii boo kaath›
1 when the cat’s
away the mice will play
(‘(it is) happy (that are) mice where there is no cat”)
ETYMOLOGY: (llon = merry) + (llygod = mice) + (lle = where) + (ni bo there may not be) + (cath = a cat)
:_______________________________.
llonnod
[LHON-nod] [ˡɬɔnɔd] (m)
PLURAL: llonnodau [lho-NOO-dai,
-de] [ɬɔˡnoˑdaɪ, -dɛ]
1 (music) sharp
Beethoven - Sonata No. 14 in C Sharp
Minor Moonlight, Op. 27 No. 2 - I. Adagio sostenuto
Beethoven - Sonata Rhif 14 yn Llonnod C Leiaf ‘Golau Leuad’, Opws 27 Rhif 2 - I. Adagio sostenuto
ETYMOLOGY: ‘merry note’ (llon = merry) + (nod = note)
:_______________________________.
llonydd ‹LHO nidh› (masculine noun)
1 calm,
tranquility, quiet
2 gadael llonydd i bethau let things take their course (“leave
tranquility to things”)
:_______________________________.
lloriau ‹LHOR-ye, -yai› (plural noun)
1 floors; see llawr
:_______________________________.
llorp ‹lhorp› feminine noun
PLURAL
llorpiau ‹lhorp -ye›
NOTE: Also llorpen and llorpyn
1 shaft of a cart
llorpiau’r drol the shafts of the cart
2 handle of a
wheelbarrow
3 stile of a ladder
(= one of the two struts which form the sides)
4 arm of a chair
5 arm of a pair of
spectacles
6 cwympo'n llorpyn fall down
bod yn llorpyn ar lawr (fall and)
end up on the floor (one person)
bod yn llorpod ar lawr (fall and)
end up on the floor (two or more people)
7 cysgu'n llorpyn sleep like a log
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
llorwedd ‹lhor -wedh› adjective
1 horizontal
ETYMOLOGY: (llor-, penult form of llawr = ground, floor) + soft mutation
+ (gwedd = appearance)
:_______________________________.
llosg ‹LHOSK› (adjective)
1 burnt
2 burning
pwnc llosg burning question, hot
potato, contentious subject
(pwnc = matter, question) + (llosg = burning)
:_______________________________.
llosgi
‹lho-ski› verb
1 burn
2 llosgi'n ulw burn to a crisp
3 llosgi delw o
rywun burn somebody in effigy
4 a losgodd ei fysedd a ochel y tân once bitten twice shy (“the person who
burnt his fingers is the person who avoids the fire”)
5 llosgi’ch bysedd
burn your fingers, lose money in a venture
A losgodd ei fysedd a ochel y tân
Once bitten twice shy (“the person who burnt his fingers is the person who
avoids the fire”)
6 Rhy
hwyr edifaru wedi llosgi’r ty It’s no use crying over spilt milk (“(it-is)
too late regretting after (the) burning (of) the house”)
7 llosgi’r gannwyll yn hwyr burn the
midnight oil (“burn the candle late”)
8 parch = (land) become extremely
dry through lack of water and by exposure to the sun
llosgi’n goch be parched red by the sun
Yr haf hwnnw yr oedd y gweirglodd wedi llosgi’n goch
That
summer the meadow was parched red (by the sun)
:_______________________________.
llosgi'r
gannwyll yn ei deupen
‹lho-skir ganuilh ən ii dei -pen›
1 burn the candle
at both ends, exhaust oneself (“burn the candle it its two ends”)
ETYMOLOGY: (llosgi = to burn) + (yr = definite article) + soft mutation
+ (cannwyll = candle) + (yn = in) + (ei = its) + (deupen =
two ends)
NOTE: Also: llosgi'r gannwyll yn y
ddeupen
:_______________________________.
llost ‹lhost› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llostau ‹lho-ste›
1 obsolete tail; penis
It is found in a handful of compound words and derivatives -
llostddelw (= phallus) (llost)
+ soft mutation + (delw = image)
llosten (=
penis) (llost) + soft mutation + (-en diminutive suffix)
llostlydan (adjective
= having a wide tail, wide-tailed; noun = beaver)
(llost) + soft mutation + (llydan
= wide)
llostfain (= having a slender tail)
(llost) + soft mutation + (main = slender)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic;
corresponding forms in the other Celtic languages are: Cornish lost (= tail), Breton lost (= tail), Irish los (= tail)
:_______________________________.
llostlydan ‹lhost- lə -dan› masculine noun
PLURAL
llostlydanod ‹lhost-lə- dâ -nod›
1 beaver
2 (adjective)
wide-tailed
ETYMOLOGY: (llost = tail) + soft
mutation + ( llydan = wide)
:_______________________________.
llu,
lluoedd ‹LHII, LHI oidh, odh› (masculine noun)
1 great crowd of
people, large number of people, throng, band of men, band of people
2 host
llu’r nef the Heavenly Host, army of
angels
y llu nefol the Heavenly Host
Brenhinoedd-1 19:14 Dygais fawr sêl dros Arglwydd Dduw y lluoedd
Kings-1 19:14 With zeal I have been zealous for the Lord God of hosts.
3 flock of birds
4 army, regiment, force
As a final element in some compound words:
awyrlu ‹au-ər
-li› (m), PLURAL awyrluoedd ‹a-wər- lii -oidh›
airforce,
military division of a state’s armed forces for aerial warfare, with fighters,
bombers, and reconnaissance aircraft; usually organised in
combination with land forces and sea forces
(“air band”) (awyr = air, sky) + soft mutation +
(llu = band of people)
cartreflu home army, reserve militia
("band (of) home")
(cartref = home) + soft mutation + (llu = band of people)
gwarchodlu garrison, guard
("band (of) guarding")
(gwarchod-, stem of gwarchod = to
guard) + soft mutation + (llu = band
of people)
heddlu ‹hedh -li› (m), PLURAL heddluoedd ‹hedh-
lii –oidh, -odh› police force
(“peace band”) (hedd = peace) + soft
mutation + (llu = band of people)
:_______________________________.
llu
awyr, llueodd awyr ‹lhii AU ir. Lhi odh AU
ir› (masculine noun)
1 air force
:_______________________________.
llucheden ‹lhi-khê-den› feminine noun
PLURAL
lluched ‹lhî-khed›
1 South Wales lightning flash
lluched a thyrfau ‹lhî-khed a thər-ve› thunder and lightning
storm o luched a thyrfau thunderstorm (“storm (of) lightning flashes and
thunderclaps”)
ETYMOLOGY: (lluched, plural
of llucheden = lightning flash) + (a = and) + spirant mutation + (tyrfau, plural of twrf = noise, thunderclap)
:_______________________________.
lluchedu ‹lhi- khe -di› verb
1 South Wales (verb without an object) to
lighten, to flash
ETYMOLOGY: (lluched = flashes of
lightning, flashes of bright light) +(-u
suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
lluchio ‹LHIKH yo› (verb)
1 (North Wales) to
throw
2 Y neb sy’n byw mewn tŷ gwydr gocheled
luchio cerrig
People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones
(delwedd 7369)
:_______________________________.
Lludd ‹lhiidh› masculine noun
1 man’s name (not
in current use)
2 (Mythology) name
of a king of Britain before the arrival of the Romans, famous for his
generosity, who rid the island of three oppressions.
Lludd a Llefelys a tale in the
collection of tales the ‘Mabinogion’, found in full in the Llyfr Coch Hergest
(Red Book of Hergest) (compiled between the years 1382-1410). Lludd consults
with his brother, Llefelys, king of France, about how to rid Britain of the
three oppressions one by one. Each time his advice is followed and the
oppression is successfully removed.
3 Porth Lludd (‘the gate of Lludd’) Welsh
name for Ludgate, London
4 Caer-ludd (the form with a hyphen
conforms to modern spelling rules; often written (nowadays a less correct form)
“Caerludd”). The name was sometimes used in literary Welsh and in book imprints
in the 1800s. This was an invented name for London (‘the fort of Lludd’) (caer = fort) + soft mutation + (Lludd)
5 The name Lludd occurs in the English place name
“Lydney”, near Gloucester
”Lludd’s island”. This place name is from a form of Lludd in Primitive Welsh, plus Old English êa (= island) (which is found in many place names in England,
nowadays with the pronunciation ‹i› and spelt “-ey”)
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
lludded ‹lhi -dhed› masculine
noun
PLURAL
lluddedion ‹lli- dhed -yon›
1 fatigue, tiredness
2 effort, toil, pain
llafur a lludded toil and drudgery
3 lludded
metel metal fatigue
4 jetludded jetlag
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently lludd (=
impediment) (-edd suffix for forming
abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
lluddias ‹lhudh -yas› verb
South-east Wales
1 prevent
Mae amgylchiadau teuluaidd yn lluddias
iddi barhau mor amlwg ag y bu
Family circumstances prevent her from continuing to be as prominent as she has
been
ETYMOLOGY: (lludd = obstacle) + (-as suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
lluestai ‹lhi-e-stai›
1 plural of lluesty = tent, hut
:_______________________________.
lluesteiwr ‹lhi-e- stei -ur› masculine
noun
PLURAL
lluesteiwyr ‹lhi-e- stei -wir›
1 quartermaster,
organizer of a military camp
2 (army) lluesteiwr milwrol quartermaster =
person in charge of organising accommodation, supplies of food, and munitions and
other equipment
3 (ship) lluesteiwr llongwrol ship’s
quartermaster = petty officer with navigational duties
ETYMOLOGY: “tents man”; (lluestei- penult form of lluestai = tents, plural of lluesty
= tent) + (-wr, suffix = ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
lluestwr ‹lhi-e-stur› masculine
noun
PLURAL
lluestwyr ‹lhi-est-wir›
1 person who lives
in a “lluest” (upland cabin)
ETYMOLOGY: (lluest = tent, cabin) +
(-wr = man)
:_______________________________.
lluesty ‹lhi-e-sti› masculine
noun
PLURAL
lluestai ‹lhi- e -stai›
1 cabin, hut
2 shieling;
originally summer houses for shepherds in the highlands, later year-round
dwellings (with a few acres of ground annexed), rented from a landowner
3 Bíble tent
4 Lluesty house name in Tywyn (county of
Gwynedd) (in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society
of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)
ETYMOLOGY: (lluesty < lluest-dy (lluest = tent, cabin) + soft mutation + (ty = house)
:_______________________________.
llumon ‹lhi -mon› masculine
noun
PLURAL
llumonau ‹lhi-mô-ne›
1 obsolete chimney
2 (place names)
stack, peak - occurs in
.....(a) Pumlumon (“five peaks”) SN7886 mountain in the county of
Ceredigion 16km west of Llanidloes,
.....(b) and probably in the lake name Llun
Llumonwy in Scotland (Loch Lomond) (before the invasion of the Scots some
time before the tenth century this part of the island of Britain was
Welsh-speaking)
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
llun ‹lhiin› masculine
noun
PLURAL
lluniau ‹lhin -ye›
1 picture = visual
representation of an object
llun o’r Forwyn a Madonna (a picture
of the Virgin Mary)
2 picture =
painting
3 picture = photo
4 picture = visible
part of a television transmission
5 illustration
accompanying a text
6 a vivid
description in words
7 an image in the
mind
8 tynnu llun do a drawing, paint a
picture, take a photo
9 compound words:
awyrlun aerial photograph (awyr = air, sky + llun)
braslun draft, sketch plan (bras = big, approximate + llun)
cerflun sculpture (cerfu = carve, sculpt + llun)
ciplun snapshot (cip = glance; snatching + llun)
darlun drawing, illustration,
picture (dar- = intensifying prefix
+ llun)
dinaslun cityscape (dinas = city + llun)
gwawdlun caricature (gwawd = mockery + llun)
llinlun line drawing (llun = line)
morlun seascape (mor = sea + llun)
murlun mural (mur = wall + llun)
tirlun landscape painting (tir = land + llun)
tryloywlun slide (tryloyw
= transparent) + soft mutation + ( llun = picture)
10 arlunydd masculine noun painter
11 reflection =
image in a mirror
Edrychodd ar ei lun yng nghaead y tùn
bisgedi
He looked at his reflection in the biscuit tin lid
12 appearance
13 shadow
mor ddyled â’i lun he’s as daft as
they come (“he’s as stupid as his shadow”)
14 na lliw na llun (“neither colour nor
shadow”) neither hide nor hair of
also na llun na lliw
Ni welsom liw na llun ohono trwy’r dydd
We didn’t see any sign of him all day
15 o bob lliw a llun of every sort
16 Does ond ei lun He’s all skin and bone
(“there’s nothing but his image / shadow”)
17 county of Penfro llunie wry
faces
gweitho llunie pull a face
18 llun troed footprint
19 ar lun in the form of, in the shape of
20 ar lun a delw in the form of, in the
shape of (“on image and image (of) “)
Bachgen tawel, cadarn o gorff, ydoedd
ef, ar lun a delw ei dad
He was a quiet boy, strong in body, the image of his father
21 kind, sort,
imitation
22 rhyw lun ar some semblance of
Ymdrechodd i ennill rhyw lun ar
gyfiawnder i’w genedl
He struggled to get some semblance of justice for his nation
bod rhyw lun ar to be in a manner of speaking, to be sort of, to be
something of
Roedd fy nhad yn rhyw lun ar fardd gwlad
My father was sort of a local poet
Mae e’n rhyw lun ar gyfreithiwr
He’s a kind of lawyer, he’s some sort of lawyer
23 rhyw lun ar (beth) a rudimentary (thing)
Erbyn 1895 llwyddodd i wneud rhyw lun ar
rasel...
by 1895 he succeeded in making a rudimentary razor
24 dim llun ar not in the correct manner, in
disorder, in disarray (“no form on”)
Mi fu hi’n draed moch duon bach acw am
ddiwrnodau cyn symud -
dim llun ar fwyd na golchi
It was a complete shambles at home in the days before the move - eating and
washing up in disarray
25 ni + llun ar = no kind of, not any...
at all (no + sign on”)
Nid oedd lun ar waith yn y lofa y
diwrnod hwnnw
There was no work of any sort that day, nobody at all worked that day in
the colliery
26 Does yma fawr o lun arni We’re not
making a very good job of it, We’ve not managed to make a very good job of it
(“there-is-not here much of (a) picture on-her”)
ETYMOLOGY: unknown
:_______________________________.
Llundain ‹LHIN den› (feminine noun) ‹LHƏN den›
1 London
2 Tŷ Llundain London House. In names
of emporia (retail stores selling a wide range of goods) in certain Welsh towns
the 1800s, where the goods came from Manchester.
Usually this kind of shop name, indicating the provenance of the merchandise,
was in English.
Other names of this type are:
Tŷ Manceinion Manchester House
(Manchester is a city in north-west England),
Tŷ Lerpwl Liverpool House
(Liverpool is a city in north-west England)
Tŷ Birmingham Birmingham House (Birmingham is a city in the
English midlands)
:_______________________________.
Llundain-fach ‹lhun-den vaakh› feminine
noun
1 SN5556 locality in Ceredigion (Dyfed) on
the road from Tal-sarn to Llangeitho, 1.5km east of Tal-sarn
2 place by
Caer-sws, county of Powys
3 street name in Pant-teg, Llanelli (“Llundain Fach”)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘little London’,
(Llundain = London) + soft mutation
+ (bach = small), humorous name for
a small hamlet
:_______________________________.
lluniaidd ‹lhin -yedh› adj
1 shapely
ETYMOLOGY: (form = form) + (-i-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
llunwedd ‹lhin -wedh› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llunweddau ‹lhin- wê -dhe›
1 layout (room)
ETYMOLOGY: (llun = form, shape) +
soft mutation + (gwedd = look,
appearance)
:_______________________________.
lluosfiliwnydd,
lluosfilwnyddion ‹lhi os vi LIU nidh, lhi
os vi liu NƏDH yon›
(masculine noun)
1 multi-millionaire
:_______________________________.
lluosog ‹lhi O sog› (adjective)
1 plural
:_______________________________.
llurgunio ‹lhit- gin -yo› verb
1 mutilate
llurgunio iaith mutilate a language
(= speak it imperfectly, speak it very badly)
anifeiliaid gwyllt
yn cael eu llurgunio
mewn maglau
wild animals being mutilated in
traps
llurgunio organau cenhedlu (megis enwaediad benywaidd)
to mutilate sexual organs (as with female circumcision)
dweud celwyddau neu lurgunio'r gwir tell lies or bend the truth
llurgunio canlyniadau ymchwil
manipulate research results
llurgunio'r ffigurau
manipulate the figures
ETYMOLOGY: (“to make a
carcase of”) (llurgun- = carcase) +
(-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
llurs,
llursod ‹LHIRS, LHIR sod› (feminine noun)
1 razorbill
:_______________________________.
llusen ‹lhi -sen› feminine noun
PLURAL
llusi, llus ‹lhî –si, llhiis›
1 (Vaccinium
myrtillus) whinberry (also called huckleberry, whortleberry, bilberry,
blaeberry)
llusa gather whinberries
hel llus gather whinberries
Caerllysi
cae’r llysi (the) field (of) the
bilberries
Name of a street in Pen-coed (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
2 deilen lus whinberry leaf
helygen
dail llus
(Salix myrsinifolia) whortle-leaved willow
3 Parc-moel-lus street name in
Penmaen-mawr (county of Conwy)
(“Parc Moel Lus”)
(”(the) field (at) Moel Lus”)
Moel Lus is
apparently (not having investigated the history of the name) “(the) hill (of)
the whinberries”
(moel = bare rounded hill) + soft
mutation + (llus = whinberries)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
Breton: lusenn (= whinberry)
From the same Celtic root (via Gaulish): dialect French lucet
NOTE: Also: llusen ddu fach, llus duon
bach
Colloquially in South-east Wales: llusi > llysi
:_______________________________.
llusg ‹lhisk› masculine noun
PLURAL llusgion ‹lhisk -yon›
1 dragging
car llusg (Agriculture) sled (“cart (of) dragging”)
2 cyflusg (music) slur
ETYMOLOGY: (cyf- prefix = together) + soft
mutation + ( llusg = dragging)
:_______________________________.
llusgo ‹LHI sko› (verb)
1 to drag
2 llusgraff (qv) towrope
:_______________________________.
llusgo
mynd ‹lhi-sko mind› verb
1 go at a snail’s
pace
ETYMOLOGY: “drag-go”
:_______________________________.
llusgo
siarad ‹lhi-sko shâ-rad› verb
1 drawl = speak
slowly making vowel sounds longer
ETYMOLOGY: “drag-talk”
:_______________________________.
llusgraff ‹lhisk -raf› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llusgraffau ‹lhisk- râ -fe›
1 towrope
ETYMOLOGY: ‘tow rope’ (llusg, stem
of llusgo = to tow) + soft mutation
+ (rhaff = rope)
:_______________________________.
llusgrwyd ‹lhisk -ruid› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llusgrwydi ‹lhisk- rui -di›
1 trawl net
ETYMOLOGY: ‘drag net’ (llusg, stem
of llusgo = to drag) + soft mutation
+ (rhwyd = net)
:_______________________________.
llusgrwydo ‹lhisk- rui -do› verb
1 trawl
ETYMOLOGY: (llusgrwyd = trawl net) +
(-o suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
lluwchio ‹LHIUKH-yo› verb
1 trawl
ETYMOLOGY: (lluwch = snowdrift) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
(delwedd 7369)
:_______________________________.
lluydd ‹lhî -idh› masculine noun
PLURAL
lluyddau, lluyddon, lluyddion ‹lhi-ə-dhe, lhi-ə-dhon, lhi-ədh-yon›
1 (obsolete) army
ETYMOLOGY: (llu = multitude) (-ydd noun suffix for indicating a
device or an agent)
Cf Irish slógadh (= mobilisation)
:_______________________________.
lluyddog ‹lhi-ə-dhog› adjective
1 having many
warriors
2 Elen Luyddog (“Elen of the Hosts”)
from a noble family in Segontium (Caernarfon). She married Macsen Wledig
(Magnus Maximus), born in the Iberian peninsula, who became commander of the
Roman army in Britain and who in AD 383 went to Rome where he deposed Gratian
and made himself Emperor, and became a Christian. It is said that Elen returned
to Wales after Macsen’s death five years later, in AD 388.
The tale is preserved in “Breuddwyd Macsen Wledig” (“the dream of Magnus (the)
leader”) , written down around 1400 and forming part of the collection of
twelve medieval Welsh tales known as the “Mabinogion”.
ETYMOLOGY: (lluydd- ‹ə› < lluydd ‹i› = army) + (-og suffix for
forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
llw,
llwon ‹LHUU, LHUU on› (masculine noun)
1 oath
2 datganiad ar
lw sworn statement
3 geulw (obsolete)
perjury
(“false oath”) (geu-, penult form of
gau = fals ) + soft mutation + (llw = oath)
:_______________________________.
..1
llwch ‹LHUUKH› (masculine noun)
1 dust
gorwedd yn llwch y bedd lie in the dust of the grave
2 clefyd llwch y garreg pneumoconiosis (“(the) illness (of) the
stone”)
:_______________________________.
..2
llwch ‹LHUUKH› (masculine noun)
1 (obsolete) lake
Llwch Garmon Loch Garmon, Ireland
English name: Wexford
:_______________________________.
llwdn
(“llwdwn”), llydnod ‹LHU dun, LHƏD nod› (masculine noun)
1 young animal
2 castrated sheep
:_______________________________.
llwfr
(“llwfwr” ‹LHU vur› (adjective)
1 coward
:_______________________________.
llwfrdra ‹LHUVR dra› (masculine noun)
1 cowardice
:_______________________________.
llwfrháu ‹lhuvr-hai› verb
1 get disheartened,
give up, lose one’s fighting spirit. See llyfrháu
ETYMOLOGY: (llwfr = cowardly) + (-hau suffix for forming verbs from
adjectives). Usually however in the penult w
> y, and so llyfrháu is considered the standard form
:_______________________________.
llwgu ‹lhû -gi› verb
1 (verb sense
objecte) starve = suffer from lack of food
llwgu i farwolaeth starve to death
2 ar lwgu, half-starved, starving = very
hungry (exaggeration)
Rw i ar lwgu! I’m starving!
Tawn i'n llwgu! (expression of
surprise) Well I never! (“if I were starving (to death)”)
bod yn hanner llwgu be half-starved
3 llwglyd starving, ravenous, famished
ETYMOLOGY: llwgu, a colloquial form
of llewygu (= to faint, to swoon)
:_______________________________.
llwglyd ‹lhug -lid› adj
1 starving,
ravenous, famished
2 underfed
3 (soil), poor,
lacking in nutrients
ETYMOLOGY: (llwg-, stem of llwgu = to starve) + (-lyd adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
llwgr
(“llwgwr”) ‹LHUGR, LHUU gur› [ɬʊgr, ˡɬuˑgʊr] (masculine
noun)
PLURAL: llygrau
‹LHƏ-grai, -e› [ˡɬəgrai, -ɛ]
1 damage, harm, injury
2 (South-east Waels) chafing = sore caused
by rubbing – effect of a shoe rubbing part of the foot, etc; ulcer, scab.
Spoken form is llwcwr, PLURAL: llycra [ˡɬuˑkʊr, ˡɬəkra]
3 (adjective) corrupt
cymdeithas lwgr a corrupt society
arferion llwgr corrupt practices
4 faulty, defective
testun llwgr defective text (in a “cywydd” verse)
5 unauthentic
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British. Possibly the the origin is a borrowing into
British of Latin lucr- / lucrum (= gain, avarice), though this is doubtful
because the meaning in Welsh has always been ‘damage’.
:_______________________________.
llwm ‹LHUM› [ɬʊm] adj
Feminine form llom /
lom
PLURAL form
llymion
1 exposed
2 (land) yielding poor crops, barren, infertile
caeau llwm poor fields
Y Waun Lom the barren moorland field
Yr Allt Lom (“the barren hill¡side”) SN9627 near Y Trallwng, district of
Byrcheiniog, Powys
3 barren, empty (season)
Roedd yn rhaid cael halen i halltu'r cig i fod yn fwyd dros y misoedd llwm
It was necessary to get salt to salt the meat to be found over the empty
months
t9 Seiat Byd Natur 1971 Golygydd: E Breeze Jones
4 rudimentary, devoid of comfort
ty^ llwm a rudimentary house
llety llwm a bare lodging
5 bare, naked; (sheep) shorn
defaid llymion shorn sheep
noethlwm bare, nakèd; exposed
croenllwm naked person
6 lacking in (something), wanting (something), devoid of (something), sparsely
provided with (something)
Yr oedd fy llety yn eang, ond dipyn yn llwm o ddodrefn
The lodging was spacious, but somewhat devoid of furniture
t3 Seneddwr ar Dramp Rhys J Davies 1935(REF:)(cym:) TES-Z
7 empty of provisions (barn, larder)
cwpwrdd llwm almost empty cupboard
8 (place) bleak, desolate, grim
9 threadbare
ei phlant yn gorfod gwisgo dillad llwm her children had to ware
threadbare clothes
llwm ei gotwm (North Wales) (“threadbare its cotton”) threadbare
10 barren, empty, devoid of interest
nos Sadwrn yw'r noson fwyaf llwm a thlawd ar y teledu
Saturday night is the emptiest and poorest night on TV
esgeirlwm (adj) (South-west Wales)
(of exposed high ground) bleak, windswept
(esgeir- penultimate form of esgair = ridge) + soft mutation + (llwm = bare)
barlwm (adj) exposed?, bleak? See Twmbarlwm (hill in south-east Wales)
(bar = hilltop) +
soft mutation + (llwm = bare)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British <
Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish lomm
From the same Celtic root: Irish
lomm (= bare, barren, threadbare), Manks lhom (= bare, naked)
:_______________________________.
llwmpio ‹lhump -yo›
1 (North Wales)
throw; tip out (a load); overturn (cart, barrow)
See llympio
:_______________________________.
llwnc,
llyncion ‹LHUNGK, LHƏNGK yon› (masculine noun)
1 throat.
(South Wales) llwnc tost sore throat
Mae llwnc tost gyda fi I’ve got a
sore throat
2 See also the place name Llong
3 trallwng
(place names) swamp
(tra intensifying prefix) + (llwng, variant of llwnc, stem of the verb llyncu
= to swallow)
Y Trallwng Place name – for example
(SJ2207) locality in the district of Maldwyn (county of Powys)
:_______________________________.
llwncdestun,
llwncdestunau ‹lhungk DE stin, lhungk de
STI ne› (masculine
noun)
1 toast (in
drinking)
:_______________________________.
llwy,
llwyau ‹LHUI, LHUI e› (feminine noun)
1 spoon
llwy de, llwyau te ‹lhui DEE, LHUI e TEE› (feminine noun) teaspoon
llwy fetel, llwyau metel a metal
spoon
llwy fwrdd, llwyau bwrdd ‹lhui VURDD, lhui e BURDH› (feminine noun) tablespoon
llwy garu, llwyau caru (“spoon (of) wooing, “spoon (of) courting”), love
spoon = a wooden spoon carved by a young man for his sweetheart as a token of
his love. Also llwy serch
llwy serch (“spoon (of) love”) love spoon = a wooden spoon carved by a
young man for his sweetheart as a token of his love. Also llwy garu
llwy weini, llwyau gweini ‹lhui WEI ni, LHUI e GWEI
ni› (feminine noun)
serving spoon
:_______________________________.
llwyarn ‹lhui -arn› feminine
noun
PLURAL
llwyarnau ‹lhui- ar -ne›
(South Wales)
1 trowel
llwyarn blastro plasterer’s trowel
llwyarn bointio pointing trowel
llwyarn fiswn (= feiswn) mason’s
trowel
ETYMOLOGY: “spoon iron”, “iron piece shaped like a spoon”
llwyarn < llwyharn
(llwy = spoon) + (harn, southern form of haearn = iron)
NOTE: Also with the loss of the final ‘n’ - llwyar, llwyerau
:_______________________________.
llwybr
(“llwybyr”), llwybrau ‹LHUI bir, LHUI bre› (masculine noun)
1 path
2 way =
long-distance footpath
Llwybr y Penwynion Pennine Way (such
a path in the north of England)
3 dilyn y llwybr hawsaf take the line of
least resistance (“follow the easiest path”)
4 dilyn y llwybr llygad go the shortest
way (“follow the path (of) eye”)
Llwybr Arfordirol Ynys Môn SH6718 Anglesey Coastal Path
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/416914 map
:_______________________________.
Llwybr
Cenllif (= Llwybr Cenlli) ‹lhui –bir ken-lhi› masculine noun
1 place east of
Dolgellau in the county of Gwynedd (name on English maps: Torrent Walk)
ETYMOLOGY: llwybr y cenllif (the) path (of) the torrent
(llwybr = path) + (y = definite article) + (cenllif = torrent)
NOTE: a final [v] in a polysyllabic word is omitted in colloquial Welsh, though
in the spelling of place names the f is usually written, as place names
are generally written in the standard language rather than representing a local
pronunciation
:_______________________________.
llwybreiddio ‹lhui-breidh-yo› verb
1 wend one’s way, proceed
NOTE: Occurs in spoken Welsh in the south-east
ETYMOLOGY: (llwybreidd- penult
syllable of llwybraidd = belonging
to a path or paths) + (-io suffix
for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
Llwybr
Main ‹lhui-bir main› masculine noun
1 name of a road in
Mynydd Llandygái, Bangor, county of Gwynedd
ETYMOLOGY: y llwybr main = the narrow path / way
(y = the) + (llwybr = path, way) + (main
= thin; narrow)
:_______________________________.
1
llwyd, lhwydion ‹LHUID, LHUID yon› (adjective)
1 gray (Englandic:
grey)
2 in names of hills
..a/ Cnap-llwyd
”a farm on the hill to the south of Glanamman Village”
(Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society and Field Club 6 / 1910 /1911 / p52)
..b/ Cnap-llwyd, Abertawe
Here there are streets called Heol y
Cnap and “Cnap Llwyd Road” (which would be Heol (y) Cnap-llwyd in Welsh)
..c/ Mynydd-llwyd street name,
Amlwch (county of Ynys Môn)
“gray / grey mountain” (mynydd =
mountain) + (llwyd = gray / grey)
3 bara
llwyd mouldy bread (“grey bread”)
Saying: Rhaid enllyn da gyda bara llwyd
You need a good comapage with mouldy bread
4 mynd yn llwyd dywyll become twilight,
(Lowlandic) ‘to gloam’ (“become grey dark”)
:_______________________________.
Llwyd ‹lhuid› masculine noun
1 man’s name
2 epithet =
brownhaired, greyhaired; ‘grey’, often used in the sense of ‘elder, the father’
if the son had the same forename as the father
3 surname =
descendant of one called Llwyd
English form: Lloyd ‹loid›, Loyd; Flood, Floyd
4 Rhys Llwyd y Lleuad the man in the moon
("Rhys Llwyd (of) the moon")
Also: Hen Ŵr y Lleuad (“(the)
old man (of) the moon”)
5 Mister Llwyd (county of Ceredigion)
laziness
6 Mynydd Llwyd mountain in Patagonia
(“mountain (of) Llwyd”)
Name used by Castilian-speakers: Nahuel Pan
:_______________________________.
Llwydcoed
1 Place name. Poor spelling for Llwytgoed ‹LHUIT-goid, LHUIT-god,› (qv)
:_______________________________.
llwydd
‹LHUIDH› (masculine noun)
1 success
2 aflwydd (North
Wales) defect
Fe gafodd fy nghar ryw aflwydd My car broke down (“my car got some
defect”)
Mae rhyw aflwydd ar y peth The thing’s not working, It’s not
working
:_______________________________.
llwyddiant,
llwyddiannau ‹LHUIDH yant, lhuidh YA
ne› (masculine noun)
1 success
2 gwarafun i rywun ei lwyddiant refuse,
begrudge, deny, envy (somebody something), be jealous of, be envious of, resent
(somebody’s something), be unhappy that somebody has something,
Nid wyf yn gwarafun iddo ei lwyddiant
I don’t begrudge him his success, I’m not jealous of his success, I don’t
resent his success, I’m happy for his success
3 wishing somebody success:
Pob lwyddiant i ti! I wish you
success ! (“every success for you”)
Llwyddiant i'r achos! Good luck!
(“success for the cause”)
:_______________________________.
llwyddo ‹lhui -dho› verb
1 succeed, be
successful
Maent wedi llwyddo y tu hwnt i bob
disgwyl
They have succeeded beyond all expectations
2 llwyddo mewn arholiad pass an
examination
3 llwyddo i manage to (do something),
succeed in (doing something)
Sut yn y byd mawr y llwyddodd e i gael
cynulleidfa’r capel i aros dros nos ar ben y mynydd gydag e?
How on earth did he manage to get the congregation of the chapel stay overnight
on the top of the mountain with him?
ETYMOLOGY: (llwydd = success) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
llwydion
‹lhuid-yon›
1 plural form of
the adjective llwyd = grey
Cerrigllwydion (“(the) grey stones”)
hamlet above Pont-rhyd-y-fen in the Afan valley (county of Castell-nedd ac
Aberafan)
ETYMOLOGY: (llwyd) + (-ion plural suffix)
:_______________________________.
llwydnos ‹lhuid-nos› feminine
noun
1 twilight, dusk,
nightfall
Pan ddaeth i Benduad, croesffordd mewn
lle unig, yn ddisymwth gwelodd Wil ryw ledrith enfawr yn y llwydnos.
When he came to Benduad, a crossroads in an isolated spot, Wil suddenly saw an
enormous apparition in the twilight
ETYMOLOGY: (llwyd = grey) + (nos = night)
:_______________________________.
llwydnosi
‹lhuid- no -si› verb
1 (night) to fall
Yr oedd hi’n llwydnosi Night is
falling
ETYMOLOGY: (llwydnos = twilight,
dusk) + (-i suffix for forming
verbs)
:_______________________________.
llwyfan,
llwyfannau ‹LHUI van, lhui VA ne› (feminine noun)
1 stage
2 llwyfan olew oil rig, oil platform
:_______________________________.
llwyfen ‹LHUI-ven› (feminine noun)
PLURAL llwyfenni ‹lhui-VE-ni›
1
elm (Ulmus procera). Also
called the “common elm” or the “English elm”
2 (Ulmus americana)
3 llwyfen Cernyw (f) llwyfain Cernyw Cornish elm (Ulmus minor
subsp. angustifolia)
4 Place names (from the variant llwyfan =
elm)
..a/ Argoed Llwyfain
..b/ Coed Llwyfain
..c/ Llwyfenydd
..d/ Llyfeni < Llwyfeni
Y Llwyfen SO1521 Farm by Y Bwlch,
Brycheiniog, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/284558
Y llwyfen
5 palalwyfen
lime tree, linden
(1) (palalwyf = lime trees) + (-en suffix added to nouns to make a
singular form out of a collective noun or plural noun)
(2) palalwyf < (pala, element of unknown origin) + soft
mutation + (llwyf = elm trees)
There is a street in Pont-y-clun (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) called “Palalwyf
Avenue”, which would be Coedlan Palalwyf
in Welsh (Postcode: CF72 9EG)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh llwyf
< British *lêm- (with the letter sequence L-M) < Celtic
llwyfen is (llwyf =
elms) + (-en singulative suffix)
Irish: leamhán (= elm)
Cf English elm, German die Ulme (= English elm) (with the letter sequence L-M)
Cf Latin ulmu (= elm) (also with the letter sequence L-M)
NOTE: Also :
llwyfanen (f), PLURAL: llwyfain [lhui -ven]
llwyfan (f), PLURAL: llwyfenni
:_______________________________.
llwyfog ‹lhiu -vog› adjective
1 abounding in elms
Hafodlwyfog summer farm by
Beddgelert (county of Gwynedd)
(“the summer farm (by the place) abounding in elms”)
ETYMOLOGY: (llwyf = elms) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
llwyn,
llwynau (1) ‹LHUIN, LHUI ne› (feminine noun)
1 sirloin
:_______________________________.
llwyn,
llwyni (2) ‹LHUIN, LHUI ni› (masculine noun)
1 bush; grove, wood
llwyn o goed wood, small wood
Safai yr hen Wenallt mewn pantle, rhwng
y fan y saif y Wenallt presenol a'r llwyn o goed a elwir Nyrs Fachddeiliog, yn ymyl hen orsaf ffordd
haiarn y Bala.
Adgofion Andronicus (=
John William Jones, Y Bala, 1842-1895) Cyhoeddwyd: Caernarfon 1894 t24
The old Wenallt (farmhouse) stood in a hollow, between the place where the
present Wenallt stands and a wood which was called Fachddeiliog Nursery, next
to the old railway station in Y Bala
Types of grove:
llwyn cyll hazel wood
llwyn celyn (qv) holly grove / holly wood / holly-bush (also as celynllwyn)
llwyn banadl broom bush
llwyn deri (qv) oak wood,
oak grove
llwyn derw oak wood, oak grove (also as derlwyn < dérw-lwyn)
llwyn ffawydd beech grove
llwyn grug heather bush, clump of heather (also as gruglwyn)
llwyn gwern alder grove (also as gwernllwyn)
llwyn helyg willow grove (also as helyglwyn)
llwyn on (qv) ash wood, ash grove
(also as onllwyn)
As a second element:
celynllwyn hollybush
derwlwyn, derlwyn oak-wood, oak grove
gruglwyn heather bush
gwernllwyn alder-wood, alder grove
helyglwyn willow grove
onllwyn ash-wood, ash grove
2 Llwynygolomen
street name in Cwmrhydyceirw (county of Abertawe)
(“the) wood (of) the dove”)
3 craflwyn wood with Allium ursinum
- ramsons or wild garlic
(craf = ramsons / wild garlic) +
soft mutation + (llwyn = wood)
4 (South) plentyn trwy’r llwyn lovechild (“child
through the bush”)
(North) plentyn llwyn a pherth
lovechild (“child (of) bush and thicket”)
Pendeulwyn (Bro Morgannwg)
“(the) end / edge (of) Deulwyn”) has a local form Pendoulan, from which the
English name Pendoylan is taken.
The name deulwyn is ‘two
groves’ (deu-, penult form of dau = two) + soft mutation + (llwyn
= bush, grove, small wood).
In the south-east, ou is the pronunciation
of eu – in fact, the retention of an older pronunciation superseded by eu
5 glas y llwyn (Hyacinthoides
non-scripta) bluebell
“(the) blue [plant] (of) the wood”
(glas = blue [plant]) + (y
= the) + (llwyn = wood)
There is a street in Y Barri (Bro
Morgannwg) called Glas-y-llwyn (spelt ‘Glas y Llwyn’)
(delwedd 7910)
:_______________________________.
llwynaidd ‹lhuin-edh› adjective
1 shrubby,
pertaining to bushes
ETYMOLOGY: (llwyn = bush) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
llwyn
celyn ‹lhuin kê-lin›
1 holly bush, holly
grove, holly wood
2 Y Llwyn Celyn The Hollybush = name of a
public house
ETYMOLOGY: (llwyn = bush, grove,
small wood) + (celyn = hollies)
:_______________________________.
Llwyncelyn ‹lhuin kê-lin›
1 house name
2 street name
(1) Llwyncelyn, Y Betws (county of
Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
(2) Llwyncelyn, Fforest-fach (county
of Abertawe)
(3) Rhestr Llwyncelyn,
Ffosygerddinen (county of Caerffili) (Official name: Llwyncelyn Terrace)
(4) Coedlan Llwyncelyn Pontarddulais
(county of Abertawe) (Official name: Llwyncelyn Avenue)
(5) Heol Llwyncelyn Gwauncaegurwen
(county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (Official name: Llwyncelyn Road)
(6) Heol Llwyncelyn Y Porth (county
of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (Official name: Llwyncelyn Road)
(7) Heol Llwyncelyn Bryn-coch,
Castell-nedd (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
3 SN4459 locality
in the county of Ceredigion, 4km south-west of Aberaeron, on the road from
Llanarth to Aberaeron
4 name of a farm
and of a district in Y Porth (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
5 ST0174
locality in the county
of Bro Morgannwg (English name: Hollybush)
6 ST2893
locality in the county
of Torfaen (English name: Hollybush)
7 SJ4044
locality in the county
of Wrecsam (English name: Holly Bush)
8 SO1603
locality in the county
of Caerffili (English name: Hollybush)
ETYMOLOGY: See llwyn celyn
:_______________________________.
llwyn
deri ‹lhuin dê -ri› masculine
noun
1 oak wood, oak
grove
Heol Llwynderi (Llwynderi Road)
street name in Casnewydd
ETYMOLOGY: (llwyn = grove, small
wood) + (deri = oak trees)
:_______________________________.
Llwyn-grug [ˌɬuin ˡgriːg]
1 place name
..a/ street name in
Caer-dydd / Cardiff (spelt “Llwyn Grug”)
..b/ house name in Gwalchmai (Ynys Môn) (spelt “Llwyn Grug”)
..c/ farm name, Llangadfan (Powys) ) (“Llwyngrug”)
..d/ house name, Mynyddsylen, Llan-non, Llanelli (Caerfyrddin) (“Llwyngrug”)
ETYMOLOGY: “clump of heather” (llwyn =
grove, clump) + (grug = heather)
:_______________________________.
llwyn
gwern ‹lhuin gwern› masculine
noun
1 alder grove,
alder wood
Llwyn-gwern street name in Pen-coed
(county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (“Llwyn
Gwern”)
ETYMOLOGY: (llwyn = grove, small
wood) + (deri = oak trees)
:_______________________________.
llwynog ‹lhui -nog› m
PLURAL
llwynogod ‹lhui- nô -god›
(North Wales and literary Welsh)
1
fox, family Canidae, genus Vulpes
Eseciel 13:4 Dy broffwydi, Israel, ydynt
fel llwynogod yn yr anialwch
Ezekiel 13:4 O Israel, thy prophets are like the foxes in the deserts.
2 (North Wales) cyfrwys fel llwynog as sly as a fox, as cunning as a fox, as artful
as a monkey (in the south: “fel cadno” = like a fox)
ETYMOLOGY: “bushy (animal)” (referring to the tail)
(llwyn = bush) + (-og
suffix for forming adjectives)
NOTE: South: cadno
The colloquial form in south-east Wales is canddo
‹kan-dho›
From a personal name.
Both ‘llwynog’ and ‘cadno’ seem to
suggest lexical replacement from the avoidance of an original word which was
considered taboo.
:_______________________________.
Llwyn-onn ‹lhuin-ON›
1 A street SO2140 in Llanigon (Brycheiniog, Powys) (misspelt as “Llwynonn”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/471044
Llwyn-onn
ETYMOLOGY: y llwyn onn
“the grove (of) ash-trees”, “ash grove”
(y definite article) + (llwyn
= grove) + (-onn ash trees, singular
onnen = ash tree)
:_______________________________.
Llwyn
y Pia ‹lhuin-ə- pi -a› (non-settlement
name)
1 place name (now lost) in Y Rhath, Caer-dydd.
According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’
(1889-1911):
“LLWYN-Y-PIA (the pye’s bush.) A piece of
land between Allen’s Bank and Pen-y-waun, two furlongs east of the northern
boundary of the Borough (map 1830).”
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) wood (of) the magpie”, magpie wood)
(llwyn = wood, grove) + (y = the) + (pia = magpie)
:_______________________________.
Llwynypia ‹lhuin-ə- pi -a› (settlement name)
(delwedd 7285)
1 locality in the
county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf
(1971) population: 7,335; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 12%
Local form Llwmpia ‹lhum-PII-a› , Llwnpia ‹lhun-PII-a›
Na randibw! O’dd i’n wa’th na Ffair
Llwnpia. (Ni’n Doi / 1918 / Author: Glynfab / t39)
What a to-do! It was worse than Llwynypia Fair
2 place name, Llys-faen, Caer-dydd. According to
John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911):
“LLWYN-Y-PIA (the pye’s bush.) A farm in
the parish of Lisvane.”
It survives in a road name in Llys-faen - Heol
Llwynypia (officially: Llwyn y Pia Road)
3 Place name, Caer-dydd. (See the preceding entry Llwyn
y Pia)
John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911): LLWYN-Y-PIA
(the pye's bush.) A piece of land between Allen's Bank and Pen-y-waun, two
furlongs east of the northern boundary of the Borough (map of 1850.) Also a
farm in the parish of Lisvane.
4 farm at Penycoetgae ST0687 (county of
Rhondda-Cynon-Taf)
ETYMOLOGY: See previous entry Llwyn y
Pia
NOTE: The reduction to Llwnpia noted from Glynfab’s text (or perhaps the pronuciation was more exactly Llwmpia) is of a similar nature to Twm
Barlwm (an Iron-Age hillfort near
Rhisga).
This is Twyn Barlwm (“(the) mound (on the) Barlwm (mountain)”)
Before the tonic vowel, the diphthong wy [ui] has been reduced to the simple
vowel [u]
twn Barlwm, llwn pia
There is also assimilation of the n to the following b, as in
careless pronunciations in English such as Banbury (Oxfordshire) > Bambry
Hence twm Barlwm, (and presumably) llwm pia
:_______________________________.
Llwynypiod ‹lhuin-ə-PII-od› (settlement name)
1 farm SN9550 by Y
Garth, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN9550
2 SN1747 Llwynpiod
village in Ceredigion “(the) grove (of) the magpies”, “magpie grove”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/689117
(delwedd 7061)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) wood (of) the magpies”, magpie wood)
(llwyn = wood, grove) + (y = the) + (piod = magpies, plural of pioden = magpie)
:_______________________________.
Llwynyreos ‹lhuin-ər- ê -os› (settlement name)
1 place name (?now
lost), Caer-dydd. According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff
Records’ (1889-1911):
“LLWYN-YR-EOS (the nightingale’s bush.) A farm in the parish of Pentyrch.”
2 street name
..a/ Treforus (county of Abertawe)
..b/ Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
..c/ Abercannaid (county of Merthyrtudful)
..d/ Ffosygerddinen (county of Caerffili)
..e/ Penparcau, Aberystwyth (county of Ceredigion)
(delwedd 7286)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) grove / wood / bush (of) the nightingale”, nightingale
grove)
(llwyn = wood, grove, bush) + (yr = the) + (eos = nightingale)
:_______________________________.
llwyr ‹LHUIR› (adjective)
1 complete
cael llwyr iachâd make a full
recovery
cael iachâd llwyr make a full
recovery
bod wedi cael iachâd llwyr have made
a full recovery
2 yn llwyr = completely
:_______________________________.
llwyt- ‹lhuit› adjective
1 form of llwyd (= grey, brown) before g in compounds
llwytgoch = russet
llwytgoed = grey wood
:_______________________________.
llwytgoed ‹LHUIT-goid, LHUIT-god,›
masculine noun
1 grey wood
2 place names
Llwytgoed (qv)
Caerlwytgoed (qv) Lichfield,
Staffordshire, England.
In fact, the name originally referred to Wall, a village 3km south-west of the
centre of the city of Lichfield, where there are the remains of a Roman camp.
The Roman name was Letocetum, from British *lêto-kêton. The first syllable of
the name “Lichfield” incorporates the British name, to which is added “field” =
open country)
ETYMOLOGY: Llwytgoed (llwyd = grey) + soft mutation + (coed = wood), with the devoicing of “d”
- llwydgoed > llwytgoed - see t-g.
As the Latin place name shows, the compound already existed in British.
NOTE: The poor spelling Llwydcoed is
common. Cf coedcae, a similarly defective spelling for the same reason,
which ought to be coetgae (= enclosed upland pasture)
:_______________________________.
Llwytgoed ‹lhuit -god›
NOTE: The form “Llwydcoed” is a misspelling
1 Llwytgoed SN9904 locality in the county of Rhondda Cynon Taf (South-east
Wales)
on the road from Aber-dâr to Merthyrtudful 2km north of Aber-dâr
(1961): Population: 10,916; Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 37%
(1971); Population: 11,730; Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 25%
Mynydd Llwytgoed hill pasture by
Llwytgoed
2 Llwytgoed locality in Llandrillo,
county of Dinbych
3 Llwytgoed (a lost name?) locality in
Llantrisant (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) According to John Hobson Matthews
(Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911): “Llwyd-coed (grey wood.) Land in
the parish of Llantrisant (1547)”
4 Llwytgoed street name in Pant-mawr,
Caer-dydd (though the official name is the impossible “Llwyd Coed”) (which in
this form – as two words and the soft mutation lacking - means if anything
‘(the) sparrow (of) (the) wood’!
5 Caerlwytgoed Welsh name for Litchfield
In Marwnad Cynddylan, The Death-song for Cynddylan / The Lament for
Cynddylan, it is siad that “Caer Luytcoed” was captured by pagans, that is,
Mercians from the east expanding their territory westwards into the lands of
the Welsh.
The name comes from “Leto-keto-n” (Letocetum in Latin), the name of a
Romano-British village at Wall, 3 miles to the south of present-day Litchfield.
Llwytgoed is the modern Welsh equivalent of Leto-ket-, and which is represented
by Lich- in the name Lichfield. .
(caer = Roman town) + soft mtation + (Llwytgoed)
6 Sparrow is aderyn llwyd ‘brown /
grey bird’ or simply llwyd (m) (or llwydyn),
and in the plural llwydiaid
:_______________________________.
1
llwyth, llwythau ‹LHUITH, LHUI the› (masculine noun)
1 tribe
:_______________________________.
2
llwyth, llwythi ‹LHUITH, LHUI thi› (masculine noun)
1 load
Dau lwyth cert o datws two cartloads of potatoes
2 Mae aml
lwyth wedi troi yn y porth
Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched
(“many a load has rolled over at the (city) gate”)
:_______________________________.
llwythog ‹LHUI thog› (adjective)
1 loaded
:_______________________________.
llwytyn,
llwytod ‹LHUI tin, LHUI tod› (masculine noun)
1 (South Wales)
sparrow (‘little grey (bird) ‘)
:_______________________________.
llyad ‹lhii -ad› masculine
noun
1 lick, lap; act of licking (district of Arfon (county of Gwynedd,
north-west))
See llyfiad
:_______________________________.
llychwan ‹lhəkh-wan› masculine
noun
1 south-eastern
form of llechfaen = slab; bakestone,
iron bakestone
:_______________________________.
llychwin ‹lhəkh -win› adjective
1 obsolete tarnished; soiled; dusty
2 although the word
llychwin is obsolete, in modern
Welsh it is to be seen in dilychwin
(= spotless, immaculate) (di- =
privative prefix) + soft mutation + (llychwin
= muddy)
ETYMOLOGY: (llych- = penult form of llwch ; in older Welsh = mud; in modern
Welsh = dust) + (unknown element -win)
:_______________________________.
llydan ‹LHƏ dan› (adjective)
1 wide
lydan soft-mutated form of llydan (= wide)
heol lydan, PLURAL heolydd llydain / llydan a
wide street
rhyd lydan, PLURAL rhydiau llydain / llydan a
wide ford
Garnlydan SO1612 village in Blaenau Gwent
y garn
lydan the wide cairn / tumulus / rock
2 pa mor llydan...? how
wide..?
3 llostlydan
..1 beaver;
..2 (adjective) wide-tailed
(llost = tail) + soft mutation + ( llydan = wide)
See:
Garreglydan (qv) (“wide stone, broad stone”) (farm name, county of Y Fflint),
Llech Lydan (qv) (“wide rock, broad rock”) (name of a sea rock west of Llithfaen,
Gwynedd)
Rhydlydan (qv) (“wide ford, broad ford”) (various places)
:_______________________________.
llydanbig ‹lhə- dan -big› adj
1 wide-beaked
hwyaden lydanbig (Anas clypeata)
shoveller, spoonbill duck
(hwyaden = duck) + soft mutation + (llydanbig = wide-beaked
2 llydanbig (eg) plural: llydanbigau ‹lhə DAN big, lhə
dan BI ge› (masculine
noun)
..a/ spoonbill (in general)
..b/ (Platalea leucorodia) Eurasian spoonbill
ETYMOLOGY: (llydan = wide, broad) + soft mutation + (pig = beak)
:_______________________________.
llydandroed ‹lhə DAN droid› (adjective)
1 broad-footed
ETYMOLOGY: (llydan = wide, broad) + soft mutation + (troed = foot)
:_______________________________.
Llydaw ‹LHƏ dau› (feminine noun)
1 Brittany
:_______________________________.
Llydaweg ‹lhə DAU eg› (feminine noun, adjective)
1 Breton (language)
:_______________________________.
Llydawiad,
Llydawiaid ‹lhə DAU yad, lhə DAU yed› (masculine noun)
1 Breton (person)
:_______________________________.
llydnod ‹LHƏD nod› (plural noun)
1 young sheep; see llwdn
:_______________________________.
llydnu ‹lhəd -ni› (berf)
1 (verb without an
object) give birth (to a calf, a lamb, foal, etc); calve, lamb, foal, etc
Salmau 29:9 Llef yr ARGLWYDD a wna i’r
ewigod lydnu, ac a ddinoetha y coedydd: ac yn ei deml pawb a draetha ei
ogoniant ef.
Psalms 29:9 The voice of the LORD maketh the hinds to calve, and
discovereth the forests: and in his temple doth every one speak of his glory.
Mae’r gaseg yn llydnu
The mare is having a foal
ETYMOLOGY: (llwdn = young animal) +
(-u suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
llyfad ‹lhov -ad› (masculine noun)
1 lick, lap; act of licking (district of Arfon (county of Gwynedd,
north-west))
See llyfiad
:_______________________________.
llyfiad ‹lhov -yad› (masculine noun)
PLURAL
llyfiadau ‹lhov- yaa -de›
1 lick, lap; act of licking
llyfiad cariadus y ci affection lick
of the dog
cael llyfiad ar eich croen be
content (“receive a lick / licking on your skin”)
2 gweinlyfiad cunnilingus (gweinlyf- arrel de gweinlyfu = perform cunnilingus) + (-llyfu to lick) + (-i-ad
noun-forming suffix)
NOTE: district of Arfon (county of Gwynedd, north-west) llyfad, llyad
:_______________________________.
llyffaint
‹lhə-faint›
1 plural of llyfant = toad, frog
Salmau 78:45 Anfonodd gymysgbla yn eu
plith, yr hon a'u difaodd hwynt; a llyffaint i'w difetha
Psalm 78:45 He sent divers sorts of flies among them, which devoured them; and
frogs, which destroyed them.
:_______________________________.
llyffan ‹lhə-fan› masculine noun
1 a southern form
of llyffant (= frog) (loss of the
final t)
:_______________________________.
llyffant
‹lhə -fant› masculine noun
PLURAL
llyffantod, llyffaint ‹lhə- fan-tod, lhə-faint›
1 (North Wales) (in general) llyffant = frog, especially the “common frog” (Rana
temporaria), known also in English as the “European common frog”
2 (South Wales) llyffant = toad,
especially the “common toad” (Bufo bufo), known also in English as the “European common toad”
...
(delwedd 7213a) (delwedd 7214a)
3 (North Wales) (more
specifically) “anuran”
(= tail-less amphibian of the order Anura (“without tail”)); a “frog-or-toad”
In fact scientifically there is no distinction between "frogs"
and "toads”, though in English certain characteristics mean they are seen
to be one or the other – for example, a frog jumps and its spawn forms
clusters; a toad crawls and its spawn forms strings.
In North Wales, a frog is called llyffant
melyn (Rana temporaria) "yellow anuran”, “yellow frog-or-toad" to
distguish it from the toad, llyffant du
(Bufo bufo) "black anuran”, “black frog-or-toad"
4 Bufo bufo or the common toad is thus North: llyffant du; South: llyffant.
But the standard Welsh name is llyffant
dafadennog "warty toad"
5 In the north llyffant by itself is understood generally to be a frog.
In the south a frog is broga (qv), a
word borrowed from English c1500-1600
Standard names for types of frog have a Northern and Southern version:
..1/ llyffant bwytadwy (North) or broga bwytadwy (South) (Rana
escuelenta) edible frog
..2/ llyffant y dŵr (North) or broga’r dŵr (South) (Rana
lessonae) pool frog
..3/ llyffant y gors (North) or broga’r gors (South) (Rana ridibunda)
marsh frog
5 In the Welsh
Bible, a llyffant is a frog (the
translators of the Bible were Northerners)
Salmau 78:45 Anfonodd gymysgbla yn eu
plith, yr hon a'u difaodd hwynt; a llyffaint i'w difetha
Psalm 78:45 He sent divers sorts of flies among them, which devoured them; and
frogs, which destroyed them.
6 grifft llyffant frogspawn (“spawn (of) frog”)
llys llyffant frogspawn (“slime (of) frog”)
(North Wales) jeli llyffant
frogspawn (“jelly (of) frog”)
(delwedd 7216)
7 llyffant y twyni Bufo calamita
(“toad (of) the sand-dunes”) natterjack toad
8 marchlyffant
bullfrog
marchlyffant Americanaidd (Rana
catesbeiana) American bullfrog
(delwedd 7215)
7 y
llyffant! (insult) you cur! you toad!
Cau dy ben rhag cywilydd, y llyffant Shut
your mouth, for shame’s sake, you toad!
8 comparisons;
oer fel llyffant “as cold as a frog”
Mae fy nhraed i mor oer â llyffaint
My feet are as cold as ice (“as cold as frogs”)
mor lew â llyffant (Ceredigion) “as
brave as a frog”
cau ceg fel llyffant shut up (“shut
(one’s) mouth like a frog”)
(in the district of Arfon, now part of the county of Gwynedd),
fel llyffant mis Medi shut up like a
clam, clammed up (“like a September frog”)
9 cic llyffant (swimming) type of kick in
the bresat stroke, similar to the way of swimming of a frog
10 (North Wales)
frog of a horse's hoof = V-shaped band of horn
11 llyffant y môr (Cottus bubakis)
fatherlasher - short-spined sea scorpion
12 llam
llyffant (children’s game) leapfrog, where one child bends forward and
another leaps over from behind
13 (Philaenus spumarius) llyffant y gwair froghopper (“(the) frog (of) the grass”)
Also: sboncyn llyffant
14 mae hi’n ddigon oer i rewi llyffantod It’s freezing
cold (“cold enough to freeze frogs”)
ETYMOLOGY: Probably
British < Celtic.
Cognates occur in Cornish (place name Poll-lefant
“pool (of the) frog”, Englished as "Polyphant"); and in Middle Breton
(as a name: Eudo Leffant).
The word lafan for a frog in Middle
Irish is a loanword from Welsh
NOTE: (South Wales) also with the loss of the final "t";
llyffant > llyffan,
llyffantod > llyffannod
llyffaint > llyffain
:_______________________________.
llyffant
dafadennog ‹lhə -fant› masculine noun
PLURAL
llyffantod dafadennog, llyffaint dafadennog ‹lhə- fan-tod, lhə-faint›
.
(delwedd 7214)
ETYMOLOGY: llyffant dafadennog
"warty toad" (llyffant = toad)
+ (dafadennog = warty < dafaden = wart; little
sheep)
NOTE: In North Wales this is llyffant
du (“black frog-or-toad”)
:_______________________________.
llyfn ‹LHII vin› (adjective)
1 smooth
2 dilin pure, fine, refined; polished
dilin < dilyn < dilyfn (di- =
intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (llyfn
= smooth)
Generally in the expression aur dilin
fine gold
Job 28:17 Nid aur a grisial a’i cystadla
hi; na llestr o aur dilin fydd gydwerth iddi
Job 28:17 The gold and the crystal cannot equal it: and the exchange of it
shall not be for jewels of fine gold.
Aur dilin yw distawrwydd Silence is
golden (“(it-is”) fine gold that-is silence”)
:_______________________________.
llyfnhâd ‹lhəvn-haad› masculine
noun
1 smoothing
ETYMOLOGY: (llyfnha-, stem of llyfnháu = to smooth) + (-ad suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
llyfnháu ‹lhəvn-hai› verb
1 smooth
ETYMOLOGY: (llyfn = smooth) + (-hau suffix for forming verbs from
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Llyfni ‹lhəv -ni›
1 Afon Llyfni SH4852 flowing west from
the lake Llyn Nantlle Uchaf through Tal-y-sarn to Pontllyfni, into the Bay
called Bae Caernarfon, 4km south-west of Llandwrog
Pontllyfni SH4352 “(the) bridge
(over the river) Llyfni”, 11km south-west of Caernarfon
Llanllyfni SH4752 (“(the) church (by
the river) Llyfni”) village on banks of Llyfni river, 11km south-west of
Caernarfon
(delwedd 7077)
2 A
pseudo-historical form of the name is Llyfnwy
(qv)
In Tal-y-sarn there is a street called
Maesllyfnwy “Maes Llyfnwy” (“(the) field (by the river) Llyfni”)
ETYMOLOGY: (llyfn = smooth) +
(suffix -i)
NOTE: See also Llynfi, the name of
two rivers in the south of the country. Metathesis [vn] > [nv] has occurred Llyfni > Llynfi
:_______________________________.
Llyfnwy ‹lhəv-nui›
1 Pseudo-historical
form of the name Llyfni
In the early 1800s when it was supposed that all river names at one time ended
in -wy, from gwy meaning ‘water’. In fact, there is no such word (though its
popularity no doubt stems from its inclusion in the dictionary of William
Owen-Pughe, 1793; it seems to be his own coining).
Many river names though (for various reasons) do have a final syllable wy, which explains the misunderstanding
..a/ Llynfi (historically Llyfni) SS 8983 A river rising north of
the town of Maes-teg, runs southwards through the town and flows into the Ogwr
4 km north of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr.
In an eisteddfod in Y Llwyni (“the bushes”) in 1839 (officially known today as
Maes-teg, a name adopted in 1887), it was suggested that the town be known
after the river name Llyfnwy.
The name remained popular with local literary figures, and Llyfnwy was the bardic name of a local historian Thomas Morgan.
..b/ Afon Llyfni SH4852 flowing west
from the lake Llyn Nantlle Uchaf through Tal-y-sarn to Pontllyfni, into the Bay
called Bae Caernarfon, 4km south-west of Llandwrog
The pseudo-historical form Llyfnwy is
found in the name of a street in Tal-y-sarn called Maesllyfnwy “Maes Llyfnwy” (“(the) field (by the river) Llyfni”)
Y brif afon sydd yn rhedeg drwy'r dyffryn yw Afon Llyfnwy neu Llyfni, a'i tharddiad yn y pen dwyreiniol
i'r dyffryn o Lyn Bwlch-y-Moch uwchlaw pentref Drws-y-Coed
The main river flowing through the valley is Afon Llyfnwy or Llyfni, with its source in the
eastern end of the valley from the lake of Bwlch-y-moch above the village of
Drws-y-coed
Thomas Alan Williams / Afonydd Nantlle, “Baladeulyn Ddoe a Heddiw”
http://www.nantlle.com/hanes-nantlle-baladeulyn.htm#1
:_______________________________.
llyfr,
llyfrau ‹LHI vir, LHI vre› (masculine noun) (pronounced as if “llyfyr”)
1 book
2 llyfr y bywyd the book of
life, a list of all those chosen for Heaven
Philipiaid 4:3 Ac yr ydwyf
yn dymuno arnat tithau, fy ngwir gymar, cymorth y gwragedd hynny y rhai yn yr
efengyl a gydlafuriasant à mi, ynghyd â Chlement hefyd, a'm cyd-weithwyr
eraill, y rhai y mae eu henwau yn llyfr y bywyd.
Philippians 4:3 And I
entreat thee also, true yokefellow, help those women which laboured with me in
the gospel, with Clement also, and with other my fellowlabourers, whose names
are in the book of life.
3 siop lyfrau plural siopau llyfrau bookshop
(“shop (of) books”) (siop = shop) +
soft mutation + (llyfrau books,
plural of llyfr = book)
NOTE: (South Wales) llyfr (= books)
> llyfyr. In some areas it has become
llyfyr, possibly conditioned by the
word llythyr = letter, and maybe also myfyr ( a literary word = meditation, consideration, thought)
:_______________________________.
llyfrbryf ‹lhəvr -briv› masculine
noun
PLURAL
llyfrbryfed ‹lhəvr- brə -ved›
1 booklouse = small
insect which feeds on the paste of book binding
2 bookworm = person
who spends a lot of time reading books
ETYMOLOGY: (llyfr-, penult form of llyfr = book) + soft mutation + (pryf = insect)
:_______________________________.
llyfr
darllen ‹lhi vir DAR lhen› (masculine noun)
1 reading book
:_______________________________.
llyfr
emynau ‹lhi vir e MƏ ne› (masculine noun)
1 hymn book
:_______________________________.
llyfrfa ‹lhəvr -va› feminine
noun
PLURAL llyfrfaoedd
‹lhəvr- vâ -odh›
1 publishing house,
publisher’s
2 publishing house
of a religious denomination; Llyfrfa’r
Methodistiaid = Methodist Press
3 government
publishing house; Llyfrfa Ei Mawrhydi
Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, the printing house of the English state
(“publishing house of Her Majesty”)
4 (obsolete)
library (the word in general use today is llyfrgell)
In the list of subscribers to the memorial volume to the poet Twynog published
in 1912 (Twynog - Cyfrol Goffa y diweddar T. Twynog Jeffreys, Rhymni) there is Llyfrfa Ebenezer, Rhymni (the library
of the Ebenezer Calvanistic Methodist chapel in Twyncarno, Rhymni).
There is also mention of two free libraries
Llyfrfa Rydd, Casnewydd and Llyfrfa Rydd, Rhymni
(llyfrfa rydd = free library, that
is, one not restricted to members who pay a subscription but instead is for the
use of the general public without charge)
ETYMOLOGY: “place (of) books” (llyfr
= book) + (-fa suffix = place)
:_______________________________.
llyfrgell,
llyfrgelloedd ‹LHƏVR gelh, lhəvr
GE lhodh› (feminine
noun)
1 library = public
library, institution for the storage, reading and loan of books
llyfrgell gyhoeddus public library
:_______________________________.
llyfrgellydd,
llyfrgellyddion ‹lhəvr GE lhidh, lhƏvr
ge LHƏDH yon›
(masculine noun)
1 librarian
:_______________________________.
llyfrgellyddiaeth ‹lhəvr-gelh-ədh-yeth› feminine
noun
1 (USA: library
science) (Englandic: librarianship) = study of organising and running libraries
coleg llyfrgellyddiaeth college of librarianship
ETYMOLOGY: (llyrfgellydd =
librarian) + (-i-aeth suffix for
forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
Llyfr
Gweddi Gyffredin ‹lhi vir GWE dhi gə
FRE din› (masculine
noun)
1 Book of Common
Prayer
Abbreviation: LlGG
:_______________________________.
llyfr nodiadau ‹lhi vir no di YA de›
(masculine noun)
1 notebook
:_______________________________.
llyfrothen ‹lhə- vro -then› feminine noun
PLURAL
llyfrothennod ‹lhə-vro- the -nod›
(North-west Wales) llothan, llothynnan
(f) llythod
1 (Pholis
gunnellus) butterfish = fish with a golden-brown scaleless skin, and a row
of black spots at the bottom of dorsal fin
http://www.flickr.com/photos/arne/2955588147/
2 llyfrothen dŵr croyw
(f), llyfrothod dŵr croyw (Gobio gobio) gudgeon
(delwedd 7053)
3 (district of
Arfon, North-west Wales) lazy woman, untidy woman
ETYMOLOGY: Possibly “cowardly gaper”, “cowardly fish which gapes”; or “cowardly
greedy fish”
llyfrothen < *llyfr-rothen
(llyfr- tonic or pretonic form of llwfr) + (rhoth, feminine form of rhwth =
gaping; greedy) + (-en suffix added
to an adjective to make a noun, usually referring to a female)
:_______________________________.
llyfr
ysgrifennu ‹lhi vir ə skri VE ni› (masculine noun)
1 exercise book
:_______________________________.
llyfu ‹LHƏ vi› verb
South Wales: llyo
1 to lick
2 llyfu esgidiau rhywun lick someone’s
boots
3 gweinlyfu to perform cunnilingus; (action)
cunnilingus
”vagina lick” (gwein- < gwain = sheath, vagina) + soft mutation
+ (-llyfu to lick)
:_______________________________.
llygad,
llygaid ‹LHƏ gad, LHO ged / LHƏ gid› (masculine noun)
1 eye
2 Rych chi’n llygad eich lle ‹ən LHƏ gad i
LHEE› (adverb) You’re
quite right
(you’re in the eye of your place / centre of your place’)
3 bod â’ch llygad ar eich cyfle be on the
lookout for your chance (to do something)
4 tynnu’r dŵr o’ch llygaid make your
eyes water (“draw water from your eyes”)
Roedd y mwg yn tynnu’r dŵr o’n
llygaid The smoke was making my eyes water
5 Mae pob peth wrth lygad lleidr
Opportunity makes the thief
(“everything is in the eye of a thief”)
6 twll llygad PLURAL: tyllau llygaid eye socket (“hole (of)
eye”)
7 clawr llygad
eyelid (“lid / cover (of) eye”)
8 cadw’ch llygaid yn eich gwegil to have a blinkered attitude (“to
keep your eyes in the back of your neck”)
9 tynnu dŵr
o’ch llygaid make (your) eyes water (“draw water from your eyes”)
Roedd y mwg yn tynnu dŵr o’n llyged
The smoke was making my eyes water
Bu’r yr awel yn brathu nes tynnu dŵr
o'm llygaid i The wind was so sharp it made my eyes water (“the wind bit
until it drew water from my eyes”)
10 troi'r llygad heibio look the other
way, turn a blind eye
11 one-eyed:
..a/ (South Wales) naill lygad =
one-eyed
..b/ un llygad ‹iin lhə-gad› one-eyed
(un = un) + soft mutation + ( llygad = eye) > *unlygeidiog > unllygeidiog
..c/ Also: unllygeidiog ‹in-lhə-geid-yog›
12 dilyn y llwybr llygad go the shortest
way (“follow the path (of) eye”)
13 yn wyneb haul llygad goleuni in broad
daylight (“in (the) face (of) (the) sun (which is) (the) eye (of) light”)
14 cadw llygad am look out for, keep an
eye out for
15 source (of a
stream) spring of water; headspring;
Iago 3:11 A ydyw ffynnon o’r un llygad
yn rhoi dwfr melys a chwerw?
James 3:11 Doth a fountain send forth at the same place sweet water and bitter?
Also in place names in the South Llygad
Cleddy, Llygad Rheidol, Llygad Rhymni, etc
|
Llygad Ϋw source of the Ϋw stream
|
16 Dyw e’n ddim ond dwy lygad a thrwyn
(South) he’s all skin and bone (“He is nothing but two eyes and a nose”)
:_______________________________.
llygad-dyst ‹lhə-gad-dist› masculine noun
PLURAL
llygad-dystion ‹lhə-gad dost-ye›
1 eye-witness = person who has observed an event and who
can explain what has happened
ETYMOLOGY: (llygad = eye) + soft
mutation + (tyst witness)
:_______________________________.
llygadog ‹lhə-gâ-dog› adjective
1 big-eyed, having
large eyes
2 sharp-eyed, having good vision
3 careful, observant, hawk-eyed
Y NADOLIG. EISTEDDFOD SHENANDOAH, PA
Y DRYCH. 9 Ionawr 1890
Fel beirniad craff a llygadog - a
dyn
Sy'n dweyd yn odidog,
Dyn glân a'i gân fel y gog,
Y model yw Apmadog.
(Cynonfardd)
As a keen-eyed and observant
adjudicator – and a man
Who says / speaks splendidly
A good fellow and his song like the
cuckoo
The model is Apmadog.
(Author: Cynonfardd)
(Apmadoc was a a noted
singer, conductor, adjudicator,
publisher and campaigner for temperance born in South Wales in 1849, who
emigrtaed to the USA in 1878)
(Madoc is in fact a Cymricised
spelling of the Englished form of the name, Maddock; the englyn (verse) uses
the Welsh form Madog).
4 sharp-eyed, perspicacious = able to spot an
opportunity
5 (soup) having globules of fat floating on the
surface
cawl bras llygadog thick greasy soup
ETYMOLOGY: (llygad = eye) + (-og), in fact, as it has equivalent
forms in the other British languages, it must be a derivative form carried down
from British times; Cornish lagazeg (=
having large eyes, sharp-sighted), Breton lagadek
(= having large eyes)
:_______________________________.
llygadrythu
‹lhə-gad rə -thi› verb
1 (verb without an
object) stare
llygadrythu ar = stare at
llygadrythu ar rywun yn atgasgive
somebody a nasty stare
2 (verb without an object) watch, observe keenly
ETYMOLOGY: (llygad = eye) + soft
mutation + (rhythu = to stare )
:_______________________________.
llygadu ‹lhə- GAA -di› verb
1 eye; take a good
look at
2 llygadu'r
merched = eye up the women, consider the sexual attractiveness of the women
3 judge, examine; form an opinion by looking at
llygadu'r fuwch look at the cow
4 remove eyes from potatoes in order to plant
them
ETYMOLOGY: (llygad = eye) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
llygad
y dydd, llygaid y dydd ‹lhə gad ə
DIIDH, lhə ged ə DIIDH› (masculine noun)
1 daisy (‘eye of
the day’, same as the English - daisy < day’s eye)
:_______________________________.
llygad
y geiniog ‹lhə-gad gein -yog› masculine noun
1 “(the) eye (of)
the penny” miser; (adjective) miserly, stingy, frugal
edrych yn llygad y geiniog count the
pennies, be frugal, practise thrift (“look in (the) eye (of) the penny”
Ieuan lygad y geiniog (also Ieuan llygad y geiniog) miser
Siôn lygad y geiniog (also Siôn llygad y geiniog) miser
ETYMOLOGY: (llygad = eye) + (y =
the) + soft mutation + (ceiniog =
penny)
:_______________________________.
llygad
yr haul ‹lhə-gad ər
hail› masculine noun
1 sunny spot, a place
in the sunlight
2 direct sunlight
Rhaid cadw’r condoms rywle sydd ddim yn
rhy boeth ac o lygad yr haul
The condoms should be kept somewhere which is not too hot, and away from direct
sunlight
3 edrych i lygad yr haul / syllu i lygad yr haul look straight
into the sun
Yn ôl Pliny yr eryr yw'r unig aderyn all
syllu i lygad yr haul heb gael ei ddallu
According to Pliny the eagle is the only bird which can look straight into the
sun and not be blinded
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) eye (of) the sun” (llygad
= eye) + (yr = the) + (haul = sun)
:_______________________________.
Llygad-yr-haul ‹lhə-gad ər
hail›
1 house name and
street name (sunny spot, a place in the sunlight)
House name, Pen-isa’r-waun, Caernarfon
Street name in the following places:
1/ Bryn-coch
(county of Castell-nedd i Aberafan)
2/ Morfa-glas,
Glyn-nedd (county of Castell-nedd i Aberafan)
3/ Porthtywyn
(county of Caerfyrddin)
4/ town of
Caerfyrddin
5/
Blaenauffestiniog (county of Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: See preceding entry
NOTE: In settlement-type names the elements should be written together as one
name – hence llygad yr haul > Llygad-yr-haul
rather than Llygad yr Haul
:_______________________________.
llygaid ‹LHƏ ged, LHƏ gid› (plural noun)
1 eyes; see llygad
:_______________________________.
llygatddu ‹lhə-
gat -dhi› adjective
1 blackeyed
ETYMOLOGY: llygatddu < llygád-ddu
(llygad = eye) + soft mutation + (du = black)
:_______________________________.
llygatgam ‹lhə- gat -gam› adjective
1 cross-eyed, squint-eyed
ETYMOLOGY: llygatgam < llygád-gam
(llygad = eye) + soft mutation + (cam = crooked, bent)
:_______________________________.
llygatgoch ‹lhə- gat -gokh› adjective
1 red-eyed
telor llygatgoch (Vireo olivaceus) red-eyed vireo
ETYMOLOGY: llygatgoch < llygád-goch
(llygad = eye) + soft mutation + (coch = red)
:_______________________________.
llygatgroes ‹lhə- gat -grois› adjective
1 cross-eyed, squint-eyed
ETYMOLOGY: llygatgroes < llygád-groes
(llygad = eye) + soft mutation + (croes = across)
:_______________________________.
llygedyn ‹lhə-gê-din› masculine
noun
PLURAL
llygedynnau ‹lhə-ge-də-ne›
1 eyelet
2 little bit,
tiniest bit
llygedyn o dân a glimmer of fire
llygedyn o iraid globule of fat
(“eyelet of fat”)
llygedyn o olau a glimmer of light
3 (sleep) yr un llygedyn the tiniest bit
Chysges i’r un llygedyn neithwr
I didn’t get a wink of sleep last night
4 ray, glimmer
(light, hope)
llygedyn o obaith glimmer of hope
5 in a number of
expressions meaning “patch of sunlight; period of sunshine between showers”
llygedyn haul,
llygedyn o haul,
llygedyn o heulwen;
llygedyn heulog;
North-west Wales llygedyn poeth (“hot”)
Ceid ambell i lygedyn poeth ar ôl cawod
o law
There was an occasional bit of warm sunshine after a rainshower
Ymdangosodd llygedyn o haul rhwng y
cymylau
A bit of sun appeared between the clouds
6 one of globules
of fat on the surface of soup
7 (tree) small bud
8 llygedyn dŵr spring, beginning of
a stream
9 (quarry) good
rock in the midst of poor-quality rock
ETYMOLOGY: (llygad = eye) + (-yn diminutive suffix).
The change a > e (vowel affection) caused by the ‹i› y in the final syllable
:_______________________________.
llygeidiog
‹lhə GEID yog› (adjective)
1 unllygeidiog ‹in-lhə-geid-yog› one-eyed
(un = one) + soft mutation + ( llygad = eye) > *unlygeidiog > unllygeidiog
:_______________________________.
llygoden,
llygod ‹lhə GO den, LHƏ god› (feminine noun)
1 mouse
2 lladdwr llygod rodent officer (“killer
of mice / rats”)
3 mouse as a symbol
of poverty
fel llygoden eglwys poor (“like a church mouse”)
Mi fydd gen i arian pan fydda i'n fawr –
fydda i ddim fel llygoden eglwys
I’ll have money when I grow up – I won’t be like a church mouse
mor dlawd â llygoden eglwys = as
poor as a church mouse
4 rat (= llygoden fawr)
Mae’r llygod yn gadael llong ar suddo
Rats desert a sinking ship
5 weight of a sash
window
:_______________________________.
llygoden
fawr, llygod mawr ‹lhə go den VAUR, lhə
god MAUR› (feminine
noun)
1 rat (‘big mouse’)
:_______________________________.
llygoden
ffrengig, llygod ffrengig ‹lhə go den FRE ngig,
lhə god FRE ngig›
(feminine noun)
1 rat (‘French
mouse’)
:_______________________________.
llygredig
‹lhə GREE dig› [ɬəˡgreˑdɪg] (feminine
or masculine noun)
1 corrupt, unclean,
rotten, contaminated, polluted
2 (morally) corrupt, impure, depraved, degenerate, profane
ETYMOLOGY: (llygr-, stem of the verb llygru =
to pollute, corrupt) + (-edig adjectival
suffix)
:_______________________________.
llygredigaeth
‹lhə gre DII gaith, -geth› [ɬəgrɛˡdiˑgaiθ
/ ɬəgrɛˡdiˑgɛθ] (feminine
or masculine noun)
1 corruption
2 depravity, wickedness, sin
Micha 7:3 I wneuthur drygioni â'r ddwy law yn egnïol, y tywysog a ofyn, a'r
barnwr am wobr; a'r hwn sydd fawr a ddywed lygredigaeth ei feddwl: felly y
plethant ef.
Micah 7:3 That they may
do evil with both hands earnestly, the prince asketh, and the judge asketh for
a reward; and the great man, he uttereth his mischievous desire: so they wrap
it up.
ETYMOLOGY: (llygredig = polluted,
corrupt) + (-aeth noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
llygredd ‹LHƏ gredh› [ˡɬəgrɛð] (feminine
or masculine noun)
1 depravity, corruption
2 pollution, contamination
:_______________________________.
llygreiddiad
:_______________________________.
llygriad
:_______________________________.
llygru ‹LHƏ gri› (verb)
1 contaminate
:_______________________________.
llygrwr
:_______________________________.
llygryddyn ‹lhə-GRƏ-dhin› [ɬəˡgrəðɪn] (masculine noun)
PLURAL: llygryddion ‹lhə-GRƏDH-yon› [ɬəˡgrəðjɔn]
1 pollutant
llygryddion hedegog airborne
pollutants
:_______________________________.
llym ‹LHIM› (adjective)
1 strict, severe
2 (wind) keen, sharp, penetrating, cutting
gwynt llym y dwyrain the keen wind from the east
2 (punishment)
harsh
cosb lem a harsh punishment, a heavy
penalty
cyllell lem a sharp knife
3 (winter) harsh, hard, severe
yn ystod gaeaf
llym 1865 during the harsh winter of 1865
4 (knife, razor) sharp = having a sharp edge
awchlym sharp-edged
mor llym â raser as sharp as a razor
5 (needle) sharp = having a sharp point
mor llym â nodwydd as sharp as a needle
blaenllym sharp-pointed
6 llym eich tafod sharp-tongued (“sharp your tongue”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh llym < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish limm, Breton lemm
From the same Celtic root: Irish slim (= smooth, sleek)
:_______________________________.
llympio ‹lhəmp -yo›
(North Wales)
1 throw
2 tip out (a load)
lorri lympio plural loris llympio (USA: dumptruck)
(Englandic: tip lorry)
3 overturn (cart,
barrow)
ETYMOLOGY: (llymp-, penult syllable
form of llwmp < English (to lump = fall like a lump) < (lump) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: Apart from llympio there is
also a form with ‹u› llwmpio, and forms with ‹l› instead of ‹lh› - lympio, lwmpio
:_______________________________.
..1
llyn, llynnoedd ‹LHIN, LHƏ nodh› (masculine noun)
1 lake
2 cronlyn reservoir
Cronlyn Pontsticyll Pontsticyll
reservoir
3 y llyn o dân a brwmstan the lake of fire and brimstone
Datguddiad 20:10 A diafol, yr hwn oedd yn eu twyllo hwynt,
a fwriwyd i'r llyn o dân a brwmstan, lle y mae'r bwystfil a'r gau broffwyd; a
hwy a boenir ddydd a nos, yn oes oesoedd.
Revelation 20:10 And
the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone,
where the beast and the false prophet are, and shall be tormented day and night
for ever and ever.
4 morlyn lagoon,
“sea lake” (môr = sea ) + soft
mutation + ( llyn = lake)
5 a pool in a river
Y Llyn Cam (“the crooked pool”) a pool in Afon Hafren near Llanidloes
LLYN CAM, the crooked pool, formerly a favourite bathing place in the
Severn, near the town. MONTGOMERYSHIRE COLLECTIONS. VOL. XI. 1878 Parochial
History of Llanidloes. (Continued from Vol. X). Edward Hamer.
Y Llyn Fraith (qv) A pool in Afon Syrhywi (“the dappled river-pool”)
:_______________________________.
..2
llyn ‹lhin› masculine noun
1 (obsolete) drink
bwyd a llyn food and drink
2 (obsolete)
alcoholic drink
3 liquid
4 found as a second
element in the old-established words
..1/ enllyn something eaten with
bread (eg butter, cheese, meat), something to make plain food more palatable
(an = intensifying prefix) + soft
mutation + (llyn = liquid) > *enlyn (vowel change through the
influence of the following y) > enllyn (loss of the mutation)
..2/ meddyglin (obsolete) metheglin ‹məthéglin› = medicated mead; spiced mead;
medicine (meddyg = doctor) + soft
mutation + (llyn = liquid)
..3/ poethlyn (obsolete) alcohol;
liquor; brandy
(poeth = hot) + soft mutation + (llyn = liquid)
5 found as a second
element in the neologisms
..1/ brechlyn vaccine (brech = pox, smallpox ) + soft mutation
+ ( llyn = liquid)
..2/ carthlyn (first recorded
example: 1780) laxative (carthu = to
purge)
..3/ ceglyn (first recorded example:
1773) mouthwash (ceg = mouth)
..4/ cyfoglyn (first recorded
example: 1708) emetic (cyfogi = to
vomit)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same Celtic root: Cornish lin
(= fluid, liquid), Breton lin (=
pus), Irish lionn (= humour of the
body), leann (= beer), Scottish leann (= humour of the body; beer)
:_______________________________.
Llyn
Aled ‹lhin AA-led›
1 SH9157 lake south of the village of
Llansannan, in the county of Conwy
ETYMOLOGY: (llyn = lake) + (Aled river name)
:_______________________________.
Llyn
Bach ‹lhin BAAKH›
1 Y Llyn Bach the inner harbour at
Porthmadog – in origin a flood control pool for the harbour. A channel called Y
Cyt runs into it.
ETYMOLOGY: “the little pool” (llyn =
lake, pool) + (Aled river name)
:_______________________________.
llyncion ‹LLƏNGK yon› (plural noun)
1 throats; see llwnc
:_______________________________.
llynclyn ‹lhəng -lin› masculine
noun
PLURAL
llynclynoedd, llynclynnau ‹lhəngk- lə- nodh, -ne›
1 whirlpool (which
swallows up), vortex
Wrth y miloedd ânt / I annoddyn
llyngclyn llif
(Nicander = Morris Williams 1809-74 / “Yr Adgyfodiad” = The Resurrection /
1851)
In their thousands they go into a deep flowing whirlpool
ETYMOLOGY: (llync-, stem of llyncu = to swallow) + soft mutation +
(llyn = pool)
:_______________________________.
llyncu ‹LHƏNG ki› (verb)
1 to swallow
brechlyn i’w lyncu oral vaccine
(“for its swallowing”, to be swallowed”)
2 trallwng
(place names) swamp
(tra intensifying prefix) + (llwng, variant of llwnc, stem of the verb llyncu
= to swallow)
Y Trallwng Place name – for example
(SJ2207) locality in the district of Maldwyn (county of Powys)
:_______________________________.
llynedd ‹LHƏ nedh› (adjective)
1 last year
:_______________________________.
Llynfi ‹lhən-vi›
1 Name of two rivers in South-east Wales
..a/ SS 8983 A river rising north of the town of Maes-teg, running southwards
through the town and flowing into the Ogwr 4 km north of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
This river in
Pen-y-bont county has a pseudo-antique form Llyfnwy, from the early 1800s when it was supposed that all river names
at one time ended in -wy, from gwy meaning ‘water’. In fact, there is
no such word (though its popularity no doubt stems from its inclusion in the
dictionary of William Owen-Pughe, 1793; it seems to be his own coining). Many
river names though (for various reasons) do have a final syllable wy (Elwy, Mynwy, Ebwy, etc), which explains the
misunderstanding
In an eisteddfod in Y Llwyni (“the bushes”) in 1839 (officially known today as
Maes-teg, a name adopted in 1887), it was suggested that the town be known
after the name of the river, Llyfnwy
(though of course the real name is Llynfi)
The name remained popular with local literary figures, and Llyfnwy was the bardic name of a local historian Thomas Morgan.
..b/ SO1738 A river rising 1km north of Y Bwlch (Powys), between Aberhonddu and
Crucywel, which flows north into the lake known as Llyn Syfaddan; it leaves the
lake flowing northwards and joins the river Gwy at Aberllynfi, near Y Clas ar
Wy
Aberllynfi village 3km north of
Talgarth (“(the) confluence (of) Llynfi (and Gwy)”)
English name: Three Cocks
ETYMOLOGY: Llynfi < Llyfni (llyfn = smooth) + (suffix -i)
Metathesis ‹nv› > ‹vn›
Compare the river name Llynfell (qv)
< Llyfnell
NOTE: In the north there is a river with the original form of this name - Afon Llyfni SH4352 flowing west from
the lake Llyn Nantlle Uchaf into the bay called Bae Caernarfon, 4km south-west
of Llandwrog
:_______________________________.
Y
Llyn Fraith ‹ə lhin vraith› feminine
noun
1 name of a pool in
the river Sirhywi, found in the name
Pen-y-bont Llyn Fraith
= (“(the house called) “Pen-y-bont” (by) the dappled river-pool).
(Pen-y-bont = “(house situated at the) end (of) the bridge / i.e. at the
entrance to the bridge)”,
Later the form Pont-llyn-fraith (1713)
was used. This is in fact “pont y llyn fraith” (“(the) bridge (of) the dappled
pool”) with the loss of the definite article; this loss is usual in place names
of the type (qualified noun + definite article + qualifying noun)
There was apparently confusion after this with glan (= river bank), which replaced llyn
“pont y lan fraith’ - (the) bridge (of the) dappled bank,
Then lan was confused with llan (= church).
Hence the modern name Pont-llan-fraith
(“(the) bridge (of) the speckled church”)
2 name of a pool in
the river Taf at Eglwysnewydd, Caer-dydd, noted by John Hobson Matthews (Mab
Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911)
“LLYN-FRAITH (the motley lake.) A place
in the river Taff at Whitchurch (1760)”
“1760. Two
persons were drowned in crossing the Taff at Llynfraith, Whitchurch, in a
boat.”
ETYMOLOGY: (“the
dappled river-pool”)
(y = definite article, “the”) + (llyn = pool in a river) + soft mutation
+ (braith, feminine form of brith (= dappled).
In standard Welsh llyn is a
masculine noun, but in the south-east it is feminine, probably on the analogy
of afon (= river), a feminine noun.
:_______________________________.
llynges ‹lhə -nges› feminine noun
PLURAL
llyngesau ‹lhə- ngə –se›
1 navy = the fighting force of a state for sea
warfare
llynges frenhinol royal navy
canolfan lynges = naval base
2 fleet
llynges bysgota fishing fleet
llynges fasnach merchant navy =
ships engaged in commerce
llynges fasnachol merchant navy =
ships engaged in commerce
llynges warchod escort fleet
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh llynges < (llwng - variant of llong = ship) + (collective suffix -es)
Cf. Irish loingeas = (fleet). The
name of the Irish airline Aer Lingus
is a semi-anglicised spelling of aer
loingeas = air fleet)
:_______________________________.
llyngesydd ‹llə- nge -sidh› masculine noun
PLURAL llyngesyddion ‹llə-nge- sədh
-yon›
1 admiral
Y Llyngesydd Nelson Admiral Nelson
(“the Admiral Nelson”)
is-lyngesydd vice-admiral
ôl-lyngesydd rear-admiral (rank
junior to a vice-admiral)
Prif Lyngesydd Admiral of the Fleet,
naval equivalent of an army general or field marshal
ETYMOLOGY: (llynges = fleet) + (-ydd noun suffix for indicating a
device or an agent)
:_______________________________.
llyngig
[lhəng-gig]
(South-west Wales) See llengig [lheng-gig]
:_______________________________.
(y)
Llyn Glas
! a lake in Gwynedd (SH6155)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH6155
ETYMOLOGY: (the) blue lake
:_______________________________.
Llyn
Glasfryn
! place name
(the) lake (at) Glasfryn (SH4042)
:_______________________________.
llyn-glwm llin-glwm
:_______________________________.
Llyn
Goras
(SN7963)
ETYMOLOGY:
:_______________________________.
Llyn
Gwernan
(SH1670)
ETYMOLOGY:
:_______________________________.
llyngwren [ X ] (f)
PLURAL llyngwr [ X ]
(South-east Wales)
1 (Prunus padus) = bird cherry
ETYMOLOGY: ?
NOTE: Also as llwngwr
:_______________________________.
Llyn
Gwyddïor [ X ]
(SH9307)
:_______________________________.
(Y)
Llyn Gwyn [ X ]
ETYMOLOGY:
:_______________________________.
Llyn
Gwynant [ X ]
(SH6451)
ETYMOLOGY:
:_______________________________.
Llyn
Gynon [ X ]
(SN7964)
ETYMOLOGY:
:_______________________________.
llyngyren [ lhə- ngə -ren]
(f)
PLURAL: llyngyr [ lhə -ngir]
1 (Taenia solium) type of bowel worm
2 (South-east Wales) llyngyren fach plural: llynger bach
threadworm
3 (South-east Wales) llyngyren fawr, plural: llynger mawr tapeworms
4 (South-east Wales) llyngyren hir, plural: llynger hir / hirion tapeworm
5 (South-west Wales) llyngeryn hir o foi extremely thin man ("a
long tapeworm of a boy")
6 bod fel llyngyren as thin as a rake
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British; Breton has lenkernenn
NOTE: colloquially also:
..a) llyngheren, PLURAL llynger;
..b) llyngeryn
:_______________________________.
llyngyren
edau [ X ] (feminine noun)
PLURAL llyngyr edau [ X ]
1 threadworm (Nematoda)
ETYMOLOGY:
:_______________________________.
llyngyren
ddŵr [ X ] (feminine
noun)
PLURAL llyngyr dŵr [ X ]
1 aquatic worm
ETYMOLOGY:
:_______________________________.
llyngyren
gron [ X ] (feminine noun)
PLURAL llyngyr crwn / crynion
[ X ]
1 roundworm, ascarid = nematode worm of parasitic genus Ascaris, infesting the
small intestines
ETYMOLOGY:
:
:_______________________________.
llyngyren
gwreiddiau tatws [ X ] (feminine
noun)
PLURAL llyngyr gwreiddiau tatws [ X ]
1 potato eelworm heteratoda
ETYMOLOGY:
:_______________________________.
llyngyren
lysiau [ X ] (feminine
noun)
PLURAL
llyngyr llysiau [ X
]
1 eelworm
ETYMOLOGY:
:_______________________________.
llyngyren
ruban [ X ] (feminine
noun)
PLURAL llyngyr rhuban [ X ]
1 tapeworm Taenia
ETYMOLOGY:
:_______________________________.
llyngyren
yr afu [ X ] (feminine
noun)
PLURAL llyngyr yr afu [ X ]
1 liver fluke
ETYMOLOGY:
:_______________________________.
llyngyren
yr iau [ X ] (feminine
noun)
PLURAL llyngyr yr iau [ X ]
1 liver fluke
ETYMOLOGY:
:_______________________________.
llyngyrladdwr
‹lhə-ngər-lâ-dhur› adjective
PLURAL
llyngyrladdwyr ‹lhə-ngər-ladh-wir›
1 vermicide
ETYMOLOGY: (llyngyr = bowel worms) +
soft mutation + (lladdwr = killer)
:_______________________________.
llyngyrog [ X ] adj
1 wormy, having worms
ETYMOLOGY:
:_______________________________.
Llyn
Llygad Rheidol ‹lhin lhə-gad
hrei-dol›
1 SN7987 lake on the north side of the
mountain of Pumlumon
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) lake (which is) (the) source (of) (the river) Rheidol”
(llyn = lake) + (llygad = eye; source of a stream) + (Rheidol, river name)
:_______________________________.
Llyn
Morfa Gwyllt ‹lhin mor –va gwilht›
1 SH5702 lake in the course of the river
Dysynni, to the north-east of the village of Tal-y-llyn and by the side of the
mountain of Cader Idris. Called “Broad Water” by the English.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1165006
ETYMOLOGY: “the lake by Morfa Gwyllt” (llyn = lake) + (Morfa Gwyllt)
Morfa Gwyllt is “wild / rough sea-fen” (morfa = sea-fen) + (gwyllt
= wild, rough)
:_______________________________.
Llyn
Myngil ‹lhin mə -ngil›
1 SH7109 Llyn Myngil lake in the course of the river Dysynni, to the
north-east of the village of Tal-y-llyn and by the side of the mountain of
Cader Idris
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
Llyn
Tegid ‹lhin tê-gid›
1 A lake by the
town of Y Bala. English name: Bala Lake
Rheilffordd Llyn Tegid name of a
narrow-gauge railway alongside the lake (“Bala Lake Railway”)
Glan-llyn (= glan y llyn,
‘bank (of) the lake’, lakeside) outdoor activity centre belonging to Urdd
Gobaith Cymru on the edge of Llyn Tegid http://www.urdd.org/Glanllyn/
gwyniad Llyn Tegid (qv) Coregonus clupeiodes pennantii gwyniad
(the Welsh name is used in English to refer to this particular fish), or
whiting (white freshwater fish, found in Llyn Tegid; the fish is an Ice Age
survival)
2 (place name now
lost)
Name of a lake at South Bend, Minnesota from around 1862 and apparently still
in use in the Welsh settlement in 1895.
(delwedd 7510)
(Map from History of the Welsh in Minnesota, Foreston and Lime Springs, Iowa,
gathered by the Old Settlers. Edited by the Reverends Thomas E. Hughes and
David Edwards, and Messrs. Hugh G. Roberts and Thomas Hughes. 1895)
QUERY: Was Llyn Tegid the present-day Mennenga Lake or Indian Lake?
“Among the early settlers one of the
most earnest and efficient musicians was Edward Thomas, Sr. He taught school at
South Bend, Cambria and other places in the county, and wherever he went he
always taught music to his pupils and usually had night schools to teach those
who could not attend the day school. Besides having a good voice and
considerable knowledge of music, he had the talent of imparting to his pupils
his own passionate fondness for music. At times Mr. Thomas attempted
composition, and one of the old Cyfaill {NOTE:
name of a magazine in Welsh} contains a musical composition of his which he
states in a foot-note was composed by him while looking upon the beauties of Llyn
Tegid in South Bend, Minn.”
(History of the Welsh in Minnesota, Foreston and Lime Springs, Iowa, gathered
by the Old Settlers. Edited by the Reverends Thomas E. Hughes and David
Edwards, and Messrs. Hugh G. Roberts and Thomas Hughes. 1895)
(delwedd 6545)
:_______________________________.
Llyn
y Fign ‹lhin ə vi -gin›
1 SH8319 lake 7km
south-west of the peak Aran Fawddwy, 9km north-east-east of the town of
Dolgellau
2 SN8170 small lake
7km east of the village of Goginan (county of Ceredigion). Part is in
Ceredigion, and the rest is in the county of Powys
ETYMOLOGY: “lake of the boggy ground” (llyn
= lake) + (y definite article) +
soft mutation + (mign = bog, boggy
ground, mire)
:_______________________________.
llyo ‹LHII -o› verb
1 (South Wales) =
to lick
llyo esgidie rhywun lick someone’s
boots
Vegeu llyfu
ETYMOLOGY: variant of llyfu (= to
lick); llyo > llyfo < llyfo, as llyfu (= to
lick) with an alternative verb suffix (-o
instead of -u)
NOTE: Sometimes spelt llio, with an
“i”
:_______________________________.
Llyr ‹LHIIR› (masculine noun)
1 man’s name, Lear
2 British saint, as
in the place name Llan-llyr (Englished
as Llanyre, which might be taken from a local pronunciation of the name)
:_______________________________.
1
llys, llysoedd ‹LHIIS, LHƏ sodh› (masculine noun)
1 court (law)
llys barn a court of law (“court
(of) opinion / judgement”)
2 court = palace of
a king, residence of a monarch;
gŵr llys courtier
putain llys courtesan (“prostitute
(of) court”)
3 court (of the chief of a territory)
In older place names it is a feminine noun
Llys-wen, rather than Llys-gwyn
See these place names under separate entries: Llysdinam, Llys-du, Llys-teg, Llys-wen, Llysyn
:_______________________________.
2
llys ‹LHIIS› (feminine noun)
:_______________________________.
3
llys, llysiau ‹LHIIS, LHƏ she, LHƏSH-ye,
-yai› (masculine noun)
1 plant (llys is usually as the qualified
element in plant names)
2 wylys aubergine
Neologism; from American eggplant (=
aubergine)
(wy = egg) + soft mutation + (llys = plant)
3 creulys groundsel, bloodwort. (Senecio
vulgaris)
“blood plant” (creu-, penult form of
crau = blood) + soft mutation + (llys = plant)
creulys cyffredin groundsel (Senecio
vulgaris)
4 A singularised form of the plural llysieuyn
= vegetable (llysiau + diminutive or
singulative suffix -yn). The plural
is llysiau.
:_______________________________.
4
llys ‹LHIIS› (masculine noun)
1 slime
llys llyffant frogspawn (“slime (of)
frog”)
:_______________________________.
Llysdinam
‹lhiis-DII-nam›
1 (SO0058) locality
in the district of Brycheiniog (county of Powys), 5km south-west of
Llandrindod, on the west bank of the river Gwy, facing Y Bontnewydd ar Wy on
the east bank
2 a parish at this
place
(1961) population: 98
(1961) proportion of Welsh-speakers: 12%
ETYMOLOGY: (the) court (by the) hillfort
(llys = court) + (dinam – dialect form of dinan = hillfort)
dinan is (din = fort, hillfort) + (-an
diminutive suffix added to nouns)
:_______________________________.
Y Llys-du ‹lhiis-dii›
1 place name (now
lost) in Y Rhath, Caer-dydd (Roath, Cardiff)
According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’
(1889-1911):
“ ‘Llys-Du’ (the black court.) Also
called ‘Ty-Mawr’, Great House. A picturesque old house adjoining Roath
churchyard on the south-east, between it and Cwrt-bach.”
(delwedd 7427)
ETYMOLOGY: (llys = court) + (du = black).
Historically llys was a feminine
noun, but in the modern language it is masculine.
In place names there are examples of the
feminine form (Llys-wen) and the masculine (Llys-du)
:_______________________________.
llysg ‹lhisk› feminine or masculine noun
PLURAL
llysgion / llysgon / llysgiau ‹lhəsk –yon, lhəs-kon, lhəsk
–ye›
1 (obsolete) stick
2 byrllysg mace = symbol of authority
(byr- ‹ə› penultimate syllable form of bwr = fat) + soft mutation + ( llysg = stick)
ETYMOLOGY: llysg < a British
word??
:_______________________________.
llysi ‹lhə -si›
1 (South-east Wales) whinberries, bilberries,
blaeberries
Caerllysi cae’r llysi (the) field (of) the bilberries
Name of a street in Pen-coed (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
See llusen = whinberry
:_______________________________.
llysiau ‹LHƏS-ye, -yai, LHƏSH-ye, -yai› (pl)
1 vegetables: see llys
:_______________________________.
llysieufa ‹lhə-SHEI–va›
1 herbarium
ETYMOLOGY: (llysieu- stem of llysiau = herbs) + (-fa
suffix = place)
:_______________________________.
llysieuyn
pen tai ‹lhə- SHEI –in pen
TAI›
1 (Semprevivum
tectorum) house leek
ETYMOLOGY: (“plant (of) top (of) houses”, hung from the rafter) ( llysieuyn = vegetable / plant) + (pen = top) + (tai = houses, plural of tŷ
= house)
:_______________________________.
llys
milwrol ‹lhiis mi-LUU-rol› masculine
noun
1 court martial;
dwyn (rhywun) o flaen llys milwrol
to court martial (someone)
(“bring someone before a military court”)
ETYMOLOGY: “military court” (llys =
court) + (milwrol = military)
:_______________________________.
llysnafedd ‹lhəs NAA vedh› (masculine noun)
1 slime
:_______________________________.
llysnafeddog ‹lhis-na- VEE -dhog› adj
1 slimy
fflem lysnafeddog slimy phlegm
poeriadau llysnafeddog slimy
globules of spit
2 snivelly, snotty
ETYMOLOGY: (llysnafedd = slime) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
llysnafog ‹lhəs-NAA-vog› (adjective)
1 slimy
:_______________________________.
Y
Llys-wen ‹lhiis WEN› (feminine noun)
1 village,
south-east (‘white court’)
:_______________________________.
llysyn ‹LHƏ-sin› (m)
1 little court
2 Llysyn SJ0309 (spelt “llysun” on the Ordnance Survey map). Farm north
of Llanerfyl
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=279391
ETYMOLOGY: (llys ‹LHIIS› = court) + (-yn ‹in› diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
llysysol ‹lhəs- ə -sol› adjective
1 herbivorous,
grass-eating
ETYMOLOGY: (llys = grass) + (-ysol = -eating); (ys- stem of ysu =
consume) + (-ol suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
llysysor ‹lhəs- ə -sor› masculine noun
PLURAL
llysysorion ‹lhəs- ə-sor-yon›
1 herbivore,
grass-eating animal
ETYMOLOGY: (llys = grass) + (-ysor = -eater, animal which eats); (ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-or
suffix for indicating a an agent; from Latin -ârius, in words taken from Latin (canghellor (= chancellor) < cancellârius;
afterwards used as a suffix with native words – telynor = harpist)
:_______________________________.
Llythyfnwg ‹lhə THƏV nug› (feminine noun)
1 (cwmwd =
“neighbourhood”) commote of the kantrev of Elfael (south-east Wales)
:_______________________________.
llythyr,
llythyrau / llythyron ‹LHƏ thir, lhə
THƏ re / lhə THƏ ron› (masculine noun)
1 letter
Llythyr oddi wrth John Jones at ei ŵyr John Griffith Jones a letter
from John Jones, Brynbedwen,
Llan-rug, to his grandson John Griffith Jones
2 bocs llythyrau, bocsiau llythyrau ‹boks lhə THƏ
re, BOKS-ye, -yai lhə THƏ re› (masculine noun) letter box
3 tystlythyr reference, testimonial; =
description by a former employer of a person’s dependability as an employee
(tyst- = penult form of tyst = witness) + soft mutation + ( llythyr = letter)
:_______________________________.
llythyrdy ‹lhə-thər-di› masculine
noun
PLURAL
llythyrdai ‹lhə-thər-dai›
1 sub post-office =
a post office in a rural area run by a subpostmaster (is-bostfeistr) or subpostmistress (is-bostfeistres) (these are agents of the Post Office and not
employed directly by the postal authorities)
Llythyrdy Pant-mawr sign outside the
sub post office at Pant-mawr, Powys, in the 1970s
ETYMOLOGY: (llythyr = letter) + soft
mutation + (ty = house, building)
:_______________________________.
llyw,
llywiau ‹LHIU, LHIU-ye› (masculine noun)
1 rudder
2 fel llong heb lyw like a rudderless
ship, drifting at the mercy of the elements
:_______________________________.
Llywela ‹lhə WE la› (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name
:_______________________________.
Llywelyn ‹lhə WE lin› (masculine noun) (Anglicised form: Llewellyn
(lə WE lin)
(1) man’s name- e.g. Llywelyn Morgan (Llywelyn = first name, Morgan = surname)
(2) patronymic, equivalent to ap
Llywelyn; - e.g. Siôn ap Llywelyn / Siôn Llywelyn = Siôn the son of
Llywelyn
(3) surname – e.g. Siôn Llywelyn = Siôn who had an ancestor called Llywelyn
(4) See also: Llew
ETYMOLOGY: British *Lugu-belin-os,
with the names of two British deities – in modern Welsh Lleu and Belyn.
Analysed as if a modern Welsh compound, Llywelyn < Llewelyn =
Llew-elyn < *Llew-felyn < *Lleu-felyn (Lleu + sofr muyation Belyn),
unless it is Llewelyn = Lle-welyn < *Lle-felyn < *Lleu-felyn.
:_______________________________.
llywodraeth
llywodraethau ‹lhə WO dreth, lhə
wo DREI the› (masculine
noun)
1 government
2 is-lywodraeth devolved government,
a subgovernment within a state, with certain restricted powers which have
delegated from a central government
(is = below; sub) + soft mutation +
( llywodraeth = government)
:_______________________________.
llywodraethwr,
llywodraethwyr ‹lhə wo DREI thur, lhə
wo DREITH wir›
(masculine noun)
1 governor
:_______________________________.
lobïo ‹lo- bii -o› verb
1 verb without an object lobby = try and
influence the formulation of a policy by meeting decision-makers and making
known one’s own arguments and proposals
Wedi lobïo effeithlon mi fu i’r
Gweinidog wrthdroi penderfyniad y cyngor lleol
After effective lobbying the Minister overturned the decision of the local
council.
2 verb with an object try to influence
somebody in this way
ETYMOLOGY: lobi- (< English to lobby, < lobby = vestibule) + (-io
suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
lobsgóws ‹lob-SGOUS› m
1 (North Wales) stew made from meat leftovers
lobsgóws eildwym (1) reheated stew; (2) something
unoriginal
(eildwym < ail =
second, twym- stem of twymo = to heat)
lobsgóws troednoeth lobscouse without meat
(troednoeth = barefoot; troed
= foot, noeth = bare)
lobsgóws dall lobscouse without meat
(dall = blind)
2 mess
Lob-sgóws o ddeddf oedd honno That law was a real mess
ETYMOLOGY: English lobscouse (= a stew eaten by sailors), noted in English in the 1700s, of unkbown origin, but cf Dutch lapskous, German Lapskaus.
South
Wales: lapsgóws
:_______________________________.
loc ‹lok› masculine
or feminine noun
PLURAL lociau,
locs ‹lok -ye›
1 lock (of a canal)
= compartment with watertight gates where a barge may be raised or lowered to
the level of the next section of the canal
2 Place Names
...(a) Loc y Waun - (Treharris,
Merthyrtudful) name of a lock on the former Camlas Morgannwg (Glamorganshire
Canal);
...(b) in the same district Pen Locs
= ‘pen y locs’ (“(the) top (of the) locks”);
...(c) further down the course of the former canal in Abercynon (county of
Rhondda Cynon Taf) is “Lock Street” which would be Heol y Loc in Welsh
ETYMOLOGY: From English lock, <
Old English {lok} loc, related to
Norwegian lokk = cover, lid, top
NOTE: In Welsh beside the more literary plural form ‘lociau’ there is also the
colloquial plural form with final ‘s’, locs,
as in English ‘locks’:
:_______________________________.
lochco ‹lə -ko›
1 (county of
Penfro) See! Look!
Also: lochco chi!
ETYMOLOGY: Gwelwch acw = See over
there! Look over there! See lychco
:_______________________________.
locomotif ‹lo-kə-mo-tiv› masculine
noun
PLURAL
locomotifau ‹lo-kə-mo-tî-fe›
1 locomotive =
railway engine
2 cwt locomotifau engine shed
ETYMOLOGY: English locomotive (noun
“machine which moves itself from place to place” from an adjective “moving
itself from place to place”);
Latin (locô = from a place, ablative
case of locus = place) + the
adjective motive < medieval Latin
motiv(um) (= which causes movement)
< mot(us) (= moved) < (movêre = to move)
:_______________________________.
Loegr ‹loi -ger› feminine noun
1 soft-mutated form
of Lloegr = England
mynd i Loegr to go to England
Eglwys Loegr the Church of England
:_______________________________.
loes;
loesiau, loesion, loesoedd, loesydd ‹lois; LOIS-ye, -yai, LOIS
yon, LOI sodh, LOI sidh›
(masculine noun)
1 ache
aeth loes fel fflam trwy ei chalon
a pain like a flame went through his heart
Ond nid oedd loesion byd helbulus
drosodd eto i Olwen dyner
But the pains of a troubled world were not yet over for gentle Olwen
:_______________________________.
loetran ‹loi -tran› verb
1 loiter
Maent yn cwyno am y bobl ifainc yn
loetran ar y stryd They’re complaining about the young people loitering on
the street
ETYMOLOGY: English loiter, possibly
from Dutch löteren (= ro wobble, be
wobbly)
NOTE: South-east Wales: lloetrach
:_______________________________.
loetrwr ‹loit -rur› masculine
noun
PLURAL
loetrwyr ‹loitr -wir›
1 dawdler
2 loiterer
ETYMOLOGY: (loetr- stem of the verb loetran = to loiter) + (-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
loetryn ‹loi -trin› masculine
noun
(South Wales)
1 vagrant
2 laggard, dawdler, straggler, loiterer
ETYMOLOGY: (loetr- stem of the verb loetran = to loiter) + (-yn suffix to make an agent noun)
:_______________________________.
lofaol ‹lo- vâ -ol› adjective
SOFT-MUTATED FORM: see glofaol = coal-mining
ardal lofaol coal-mining area
:_______________________________.
logistaidd ‹lo- gi -stedh› adj
1 logistic =
related to the organisation of a task or operation
yn logistaidd logistically
:_______________________________.
logisteg ‹lo- gi -steg› feminine noun
1 logistics = the
organisation of moving, lodging and supplying military forces
2 logistics =
organisation a task so that labour and materials and transport etc are
available when needed
3 logistics = the
organisation of a complicated task
ETYMOLOGY: adaptation of English logistics;
(logist- stem) + (-eg suffix to denote a science); <
French logistique < Greek logistikos (= rational) < logos (= word, reason)
:_______________________________.
lol ‹LOL› (feminine noun)
1 nonsense
2 Possibly in the word bolól (North Wales) bogeyman, bogey, goblin
(bo = bogeyman, goblin) + possibly (lol = nonsense)
:_______________________________.
lolfa,
lolféydd ‹LOL va, lol VEIDH› (feminine noun)
1 lounge, sitting
room
:_______________________________.
lólipop,
lólipops ‹LO li pop, LO li pops› (masculine noun)
1 lollipop)
pren lólipop, prennau lólipop lollypop stick
lólipop iâ, lólipops iâ (South) (Englandic: ice lollypop) (USA: popsicle)
usually loli, lolis iâ
lólipop rhew, lólipops rhew (North) (Englandic: ice lollypop) (USA: popsicle)
usually loli, lolis rhew
2 daft person, daft fool
(possibly from connecting the word with lol = nonsense)
y lólipop gwirion you daft fool
ETYMOLOGY: English lollipop
:_______________________________.
lom ‹lom› adjective
1 Soft mutated form
(ll > l) of llom, feminine form
of llwm = (land) barren;
(countryside) bare, empty
gwlad lom bare country
Y Waun Lom (place names) “the barren
meadow”
(in these examples there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective
which follows a feminine noun)
Allt Lom SN9627 near Y Trallwng, district of Byrcheiniog, Powys
yr allt lom – “the barren hill”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/760554
Yr Allt Lom
:_______________________________.
lon ‹lon› adjective
1 Soft mutated form (ll > l) of llon (= happy, merry)
..a/ Annedd-lon, house name (“happy
home”)
..b/ Erw-lon, house name (“happy
acre”)
..c/ Hafod-lon street name in
Rhiw-las, Bangor (county of Gwynedd) (“happy summer farm”)
...d/ Waun-lon street name in Y
Drenewydd yn Notais (county of Bro Morgannwg) (= y waun lon, “happy meadow”)
(spelt as “Waunlon”)
(In these names there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective
which follows a feminine noun)
:_______________________________.
lôn,
lonydd ‹LOON, LO nidh› (feminine noun)
(word used especially in North Wales, though found all over Wales)
1 lane
:_______________________________.
lôn
bengaead, lonydd pengaead ‹loon ben GEI ad, lo nidh
ben GEI ad› (feminine
noun)
1 cul-de-sac
:_______________________________.
lôn
bôst, lonydd pôst ‹loon BOOST, lo nidh
POOST› (feminine noun)
1 ‘post road’,
North Wales = main road
:_______________________________.
Lôn
Cariadon ‹loon kar-YAA-don› [loːn karˡjɑˑdɔn] (feminine noun)
1 street name in
Bangor (county of Gwynedd) “lovers’ lane”
ETYMoLOGY: lôn cariadon < lôn y cariadon “(lane (of) the lovers”)
(lôn = lane) + (y definite article) + (cariadon,
plural of cariad lover, darling,
sweetheart)
(delwedd 0319)
:_______________________________.
loncian ‹LONGK-yan› [ˡlɔŋkjan] (verb)
1 go jogging
:_______________________________.
lôn gefn, lonydd cefn ‹loon GEE-ven, loo-nidh KEE-ven› [loːn ˡgeˑvɛn, loˑnɪðˡ
keˑvɛn] (feminine noun)
1 back road, minor road,
by-road
:_______________________________.
Lorens ‹LOO-rens› [ˡloˑrɛns]
1 Laurence
:_______________________________.
lori feminine noun
See lorri
:_______________________________.
lori ‹LO-ri› [ˡlɔrɪ] feminine noun
PLURAL lorïau,
loris ‹lo-RII-au, -e, LOO-riz› [lɔˡriˑaʊ,-ɛ, ˡlɔrɪz]
1
(USA: truck) (Englandic: lorry).
..1/ lorri anghaffaelion tow-truck,
wrecking truck (Englandic: breakdown lorry)
..2/ lorri ddamweinau ‹LO-ri a-ngha-FEIL-yon› [ˡlɔrɪ aŋhaˡfəɪljɔn] wrecking truck (Englandic: breakdown lorry)
..3/ lorri wartheg PLURAL lorïau gwartheg cattle truck
(Englandic: cattle lorry)
2 lorri dipio PLURAL lorïau tipio (USA: dumptruck) (Englandic: tip lorry)
(North-west) lorri lympio PLURAL loris llympio (USA: dumptruck)
(Englandic: tip lorry)
:_______________________________.
lorri anghaffaelion ‹LO-ri, lo-RII-ai, -e, LO-riz
a-ngha-FEIL-yon› [ lɔˡriˑaʊ,-ɛ, ˡlɔrɪz aŋhaˡfəɪljɔn] (feminine noun)
1 tow-truck, wrecking
truck (Englandic: breakdown lorry)
:_______________________________.
lorri wartheg, lorïau
gwartheg ‹lo-ri WAR-theg, lo-RII-ai, -e, LO-riz GWAR-theg› [lˡɔrɪ, lɔˡriˑaʊ,-ɛ,
ˡlɔrɪz ˡgwarθɛg] (feminine noun)
1 cattle truck
(Englandic: cattle lorry)
:_______________________________.
losen caru bach ‹lo-sen KAA-ri BAAKH› [ˡlɔsɛn ˡkɑˑrɪ
ˡbɑːx] (feminine noun)
1 kind of sweet ‘(little
love lozenge’)
:_______________________________.
losged ‹LO-sked› [ˡlɔskɛd] (masculine noun)
1 see golosged = burn, charcoal, charred furze
:_______________________________.
lotri, lotrïau ‹LO-tri, lo-TRII-ai, -e› [ˡlɔtrɪ, lɔˡtriˑaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 lottery
:_______________________________.
LOWLANDIC WORDS IN WELSH
There are possibly a number of words which are from Lowlandic (i.e. Scots, or
Lallans, the language of Lowland Scotland which originated from Old English)
chwisgi / wisgi (= whisky) <
English whisky < Lowlandic whisky bae < Scottish
(Gaelic) uaisge beatha “water of-life”
:_______________________________.
Lugudunon ‹luu-guu-DUU-non› [luˑguˑˡduˑnɔn]
1 Celtic place name “fort
of Lugus”
This is the basis of the present-day place names in Continental Europe, via the
Latin form Lugudunum / Lugdunum:
(1) Lyons (south-eastern France)
(2) Laon
(3) Loudon
(4) Laudun
(5) Montlezun
(6) Montlauzun
(7) Leiden
In Wales there is an example with the elements reversed – Dinas Dinlleu ‘hillfort of Dinlleu’ (locally pronounced Dinas Dinlla).
Dinlleu = Celtic dun- (= fort) + Lug- (= Lugus, name of a God)
:_______________________________.
lus ‹LIIS› [liːs]
1 soft mutated form of llus (= whinberries) < llusen (= whinberry)
2 Parc-moel-lus ‹park moil LIIS› [park mɔɪl ˡliːs]
Street name in Penmaen-mawr
(county of Conwy) (“Parc Moel Lus”)
(”(the) field (at) Moel Lus”)
Moel Lus is apparently (not having
investigated the history of the name) “(the) hill (of) whinberries” (moel = bare rounded hill) + soft
mutation + (llus = whinberries)
:_______________________________.
luyddog ‹li-Ə-dhog› [lɪˡəðɔg] adjective
1 soft-mutated form of lluyddog (= having many warriors)
Elen Luyddog (“Elen of the Hosts”)
wife of Macsen Wledig (Magnus Maximus) (in the fourth century AD)
:_______________________________.
lw^a ‹LUU-a› [ˡluˑa] (v)
1 (South-west Wales) to allow
ETYMOLOGY: lw^a <
*alw^a < Middle English [ø-LUU] allow (after the 1400s the pronunciation of
the long vowel <UU> changes; in modern English it
is <au>, hence <ø-LAU>.
Allow: Middle English 1200s alowen < Anglo-French alouer (= to place, allot), Old French aloer (= to place) < Late Latin allocāre (= to place), (ad = to, locus =
place)
Modern French allouer (=
to grant [a salary]), to give out [rations], to apportion [shares]. The meaning
“to place” was lost after the 1500s.
:_______________________________.
lwans ‹LUU-ans› [ˡluˑans] masculine noun
1 (South Wales) allowance. See lwfans
:_______________________________.
lwc ‹luk› [lʊk] (feminine noun)
1 luck
2 heb fawr o lwc without much luck ("without (a) great (amount)
of luck")
pob lwc iti good luck (to you) (“every luck to you”)
pob lwc good luck (to you) (“every luck”)
pob lwc i bawb good luck, everybody
pob lwc iddyn nhw good luck to them
pob lwc iddo good luck to him / it
pob lwc iddi good luck to her / it
:_______________________________.
lwcdeithio ‹luk-DEITH-yo› [lʊkˡdəɪθjɔ] (verb)
1 to thumb it, to
hitchhike
:_______________________________.
lwcus ‹LU-kis› [ˡlʊkɪs] (adjective)
1 lucky
2 twbyn lwcus lucky dip (in a tub)
cwdyn lwcus lucky dip (in a bag)
:_______________________________.
lwfans ‹LUU-vans› [ˡluˑvans] masculine noun
PLURAL
lwfansau, lwfansis ‹lu-VAN-sai, -e, -is› [lʊˡfansaɪ, -ɛ, -ɪs]
1 allowance = money to meet
expenses
lwfans car car allownace
lwfans teithio travel allowance
Mae’r cyngor tre yn dal i wastraffu
arian ar lwfansau a chostau teithio
The town council continues to waste money on travel allowances and travelling
costs
2 alimony
3 permission
4 allowance = concession
lwfans treth tax allowance
ETYMOLOGY: lwfans < lwans < English [LU-ans] lowance <
[ø-LU-ans] allowance / alouance (after the 1400s the pronunciation of the
long vowel <UU> changes; in modern English it
is <au>, hence <ø-LAU-ans>. Allowance is Old French (alou =
Modern English allow) + (suffix -ance).
An intrusive [v] has appeared in lwfans
Allow: Middle English 1200s alowen < Anglo-French alouer (= to place, allot), Old French aloer (= to place) < Late Latin allocāre (= to place), (ad = to, locus =
place)
Modern French allouer (=
to grant [a salary]), to give out [rations], to apportion [shares]. The meaning
“to place” was lost after the 1500s.
NOTE: Also lwans,
without the intrusive [v]. Although perhaps more ‘correct’, it is not the
standard form.
South-east Wales has lwons
<LUU-ons>, probably the result of the change a > o in the final syllable (which
occurs in other words: yn wastad > siuthern wastod (=
constantly, always), rather than the preservation of a French-like
pronunciation
London, 1825. Observations on some of the dialects in the
West of England particularly with a glossary of words now in use there ; and
poems and other pieces, exemplifying the dialect. By James Jennings, Honorary
Secretary of the Metropolitan Library Institution, London.
Lowance. s. Allowance ;
portion.
:_______________________________.
lwffyn ‹LUU-fin› [ˡluˑfɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL lwffod ‹LUU-fod› [ˡluˑfɔd]
South Wales
1 hoodlum
ETYMOLOGY: (lwff = wastrel,
ne’er-do-well) + (-yn diminutive
suffix)
:_______________________________.
lwlen ‹LUU-len› [ˡluˑlɛn] (feminine noun)
1 (North) < elwlen = kidney
:_______________________________.
lwlod ‹LUU-lod› [ˡluˑlɔd] (plural noun)
1 North; = elwlod, plural of elwlen
:_______________________________.
lwmpio ‹LUMP-yo› [ˡlʊmpjɔ] verb
1 (North Wales) throw;
tip out (a load); overturn (cart, barrow)
See llympio
:_______________________________.
lwons ‹LUU-ons› [ˡluˑɔns] masculine noun
1 (South-east Wales) a
form of lwans (= allowance).
See the standard form lwfans
:_______________________________.
lwyd ‹LUID› [lʊɪd] adjective
1 Soft mutated form (ll
> l) of llwyd = grey
(In Welsh the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun has
soft mutation, as in the following names)
Y Berth-lwyd the grey hedge, farm
2km south of Aber-nant SN3323 (county of Caerfyrddin)
Y Bont Lwyd the grey bridge
Y Ffynnon-lwyd the holy well / the
grey well, farm 4km east of Meidrim SN2820 (county of Caerfyrddin)
Y Graig Lwyd the grey rock
Y Garreg-lwyd the grey stone, farm
2km north-east of Crymych SN1833 (county of Penfro)
Y Waun-lwyd the grey moorland field,
farm 4km south of Crymych SN1833 (county of Penfro)
NOTE: (1) Topographic names which are habitative names (house, farm, village,
town) are written as a single word. If the final syllable is an accented
monosyllabic word it is preceded by a hyphen. Thus Y Garreg-lwyd
(2) Topographic names which are not habitative names (hill, lake, stone,
bridge, etc) are written with the elements separate. Hence Y Bont Lwyd
:_______________________________.
lychco ‹LƏKH-ko› [ˡləxkɔ]
1 (county of Caerfyrddin)
See! Look!
(delwedd 7279)
ETYMOLOGY: Second person plural or formal gwelwch
yco (= see over there, see yonder) (In standard Welsh yco is acw = over there;
aco is the older original form of both yco and acw)
Apparently the development is
(1) gwelwch yco (= see over there) ‹GWEE-lukh Ə-ko› [ˡgweˑlʊx ˡəkɔ]
(2) the loss of the first syllables, hence ’lwch ’co ‹lukh KO› [lʊx ˡkɔ]
(3) shift of accent ’lwch ’co ‹LUKH-ko› [ˡlʊxkɔ]
(4) change of the vowel ‹ə› [ə], ’lych ’co ‹LƏKH-ko› [ˡləxkɔ]
NOTE: In Penfro county gwelwch yco has
resulted in lechco or lochco.
In Penfro and adjoining lower Ceredigion the second person plural or formal gwelwch yna chi (= look there you) has
given lechna chi
:_______________________________.
lyco ‹LƏ-ko› [ˡləkɔ]
1 (county of Caerfyrddin)
See! Look!
(delwedd 7280)
ETYMOLOGY: This is the second person singular gwêl yco ‹gwee-lə –ko› (= see over there), with the loss of the first syllable. (In standard
Welsh yco is acw = over there)
NOTE: The ‘chi’ form (gwelwch yco =
see yonder! look over there!) has given
(1) lychco (qv) in Caerfyrddin
county, and
(2) in Penfro county lechco or lochco.
In Penfro and adjoining lower Ceredigion the second person plural or formal gwelwch yna chi (= look there you) has
given lechna chi
:_______________________________.
lycoch ‹lə -ko›[ˡləkɔx]
1 (county of Caerfyrddin)
See! Look!
“Lycoch chi ’nawr! Pwy feddylse am hyna,
welwch chi?” (Gwr y Dolau neu Ffordd y Troseddwr. Gan W. Llewelyn Williams.
1899. Tudalen / Page 19)
Well! Who would have thought that then?
ETYMOLOGY: ?re-formation of lychco (qv)
1ly-3ch-2co > 1ly-2co-3ch
< gwelwch yco (= see yonder)
NOTE: Standard Welsh acw (= over
there) is in the South yco or ’co, from the older form aco, from
which standard acw also comes
:_______________________________.
lydan ‹LƏ-dan› [ˡlədan]
1 soft-mutated form of llydan
(= wide)
See:
Garreglydan (qv) (“wide stone, broad stone”) (farm name, county of Y Fflint),
Llech Lydan (qv) (“wide rock, broad rock”) (name of a sea rock west of Llithfaen,
Gwynedd)
Rhydlydan (qv) (“wide ford, broad ford”) (various places)
:_______________________________.
-lydrwydd ‹ləd -ruidh› [ˡlədruið] suffix
1 adjectives with the
suffix -lyd add the suffix -rwydd to form an abstract noun
toeslydrwydd doughiness
2 there has been
elimination of the soft mutation: l
> ll in certain contexts
seimllydrwydd greasiness
:_______________________________.
Lygan ‹LƏ-gan› [ˡləgan] feminine noun
1 local form of Helygain ‹he-LƏ-gan› [hɛˡləgain] (qv) SJ2171 locality in the county of Y
Fflint, 5km south-east of Treffynnon
DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLLOQUIAL FORM:
(1) Helygain > Helygan; final
syllable ai > a in this part of the county, as in
north-western Welsh
(2) Helygan > Lygan loss of the
first syllable, a common feature in spoken Welsh
:_______________________________.
lympio ‹ləmp -yo› [ˡləmpjɔ] verb
1 (North Wales) throw;
tip out (a load); overturn (cart, barrow)
See llympio
:_______________________________.
1 Lyn ‹LIN› [lɪn] (masculine
noun)
1 (= Llywelyn) man’s
name, short form of Llywelyn
:_______________________________.
2 Lyn ‹LIN› [lɪn] (feminine
noun)
1 woman’s name (from
English)
:_______________________________.
Lynwen ‹LƏN wen› [ˡlənwɛn] (feminine
noun)
1 woman’s name
:_______________________________.
lysh ‹LƏsh› [ləʃ] (m)
1 lush = a (heavy)
drinking session
mynd am lysh go drinking
dw i’n licio mynd ar y lysh I like to go on the booze
2 alcohol, alcoholic drinks
Methu penderfynu pun ai yfed lysh ta yfed
coffi? Yfa goffi
Gwyddelig bach!
Can’t decide whther to drink something
alcoholic or drink coffee? Drink an Irish coffee!
yfed gormod o lysh drink too much alcohol
mynd i’r siop i brynu lysh o ryw fath go to the shop to get something alcoholic
to drink
dw i ddim di twtsho lysh am wsnos wan I’ve not touched any alcohol for a week
now
dw i ddim isio lysh i frecwast I don’t want any alchol for breakfast
3 (adj) drunk
mi oedda chdi’n lysh pan ddedast ti hynny you were drunk when you said that
meddwi’n lysh beipan get steaming drunk
oeddan nhw i gyd yn hollol lysh gachu they were all drunk out of their minds
paid â dreifio’n lysh gachu don’t drive when you’re drunk out of your
mind
4 (South) (adj) attractive
y cyri mwya lysh i fi ga’l ers hydo’dd the finest curry I’ve had for ages
:_______________________________.
lyshio ‹LƏSH-yo› [ˡləʃjɔ] (m)
1 (North Wales) to lush,
to be on the lush (= to indulge in a drinking session)
Also ei lyshio hi
NOTE: Olde Cheshire
Dialecte. http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm
lush : to drink heavily (Shropshire say loach)
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