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(delw 4666)

∆

TUDALENNAU ERAILL Y GEIRIADUR HWN

OTHER PAGES IN THIS DICTIONARY

1580e A | 1039e B | 1735e BR | 1018e C | 1071e CE | 1675e CI | 1040e CR | 1075e CY | 1020e D | 1674e DI | 1072e E | 1077e F | 1021e G | 1042e GW | 1038e H | 1676e HY, I, J, K, | 1865e L | 1022e M | 1677e MI | 1047e N | 1600e O | 1023e P | 1073e PL | 1026e R | 1070e S | 1024e T | 1076e TR | 1025e U,V | 1731e W, X | 1586e Y, Z |

∆y
:_______________________________.

P, p ‹pii› feminine noun
1) sixteenth letter of the twenty-six letter Roman alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 d 5 e, 6 f, 7 g, 8 h, 9 i, 10 j, 11 k, 12 l, 13 m, 14 n, 15 o, 16 p, 17 q, 18 r, 19 s, 20 t, 21 u, 22 v, 23 w, 24 x, 25 y, 26 z
2) twentieth letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y

:_______________________________.

p
1 Intial Celtic p is lost in the modern Celtic languages; it corresponds to p in Latin languages and in Greek

..1/ adain (= wing)
British < Celtic *patanî. The element at- in Celtic and British becomes ad- in Welsh, and occurs also in aderyn / adar (= bird / birds), and as ed- in ehedeg (= to fly), edn (= bird);
cf Latin penna (= feather), peto (= go towards, demand), as in English petition

..2/ eiddew = ivy;
British < *edenn- < Celtic *pedenn- < Indo-European *ped- (= to tie, to bind)

..3/ eira = snow;
British < Celtic *argy- < Indo-European *pargy-

..4/ ir (= fresh, green) < Celtic;
Irish úr (= fresh, new), Scottish ùr (= new)
This corresponds to Latin pûrus (= pure, unstained)

..5/ wyr = grandson;
Cf Irish ó < ua (= grandson; originally descendent);
Latin puer (= child; son),
Greek pais, paidós (= child)

Words derived from Common Celtic with an initial “kw” have initial p- in the British languages (Welsh, Cornish, Breton); this sometimes corresponds to an initial c- ‹k› in the Hibernian languages (Irish, Scottish, Manx)

∆p

Welsh	Irish
pedwar (= four)	ceathair (= four)
pen (= head)	ceann (= head)
peth (= thing; piece)	cuid (= piece)
pridd (= soil, earth)	cré (= soil, earth)
pryd (= appearance)	cruth (= appearance)
pryf (= animal, insect)	cruimh (= grub, maggot)
pump (= five)	cóig (= five)
pwy (= who)	cé (= who)
pwyll (= reason; sense)	ciall (= sense, meaning)

2 Welsh ‹p› (from Celtic kw) corresponds to some words in Latin with ‹kw-› “qu”
..a/ pedwar four, Latin quattor four
..b/ perth hedge, Latin quercus oak tree
..c/ pump five, Latin quinque five
..d/ pwy who?, Latin quis who?

The original ‹p› has become ‹b› when not in an initial position

Words in intial p- also from an Indo-European root with kw- but without cognates in Latin or Irish

peri (= to shape, make; cause) IE kwer-

eb- in ebol (= foal), cyfeb (= pregnant with a foal), Epynt < eb-hynt (horse path, name of a mountain area in mid-Wales).

From British *ep- < Celtic *ekw-. Cf Latin ekw- in equus (= horse)

heb- element with the meaning of ‘speak’ in certain compound words
ateb to answer
dihareb proverb
ebr (eb, ebe) she says, he says
gohebu â to correspond with, to write to
gwrtheb contradiction
hebu obsolete speak, say

From British *-sep < Celtic *sekw-. Cf Latin kw- in inquam (= I say)

pob-, root of pobi (= to cook).

From British *pop- < Celtic *kwekw- < IndoEuropean *pekw-. Cf Latin kokw- in coquere (= to cook)

3 In words derived from Common Celtic with intial “kw” an initial p in the British languages (Welsh, Cornish, Breton) sometimes corresponds to an intial c ‹k› in Latin

..a/ pridd (= earth), Latin crêta (= clay)

..b/ pob-, root of pobi (= to cook).

From British *pop- < Celtic *kwekw- < IndoEuropean *pekw-.

Cf Latin kokw- in coquere (= to cook)

:_______________________________.

p

Initial p replaces b in words taken from English

These are words which are feminine in gender; the b has been taken to be the soft mutation of p, and so a radical form with initial p has developed

powlen < bowlen (= a bowl)

potel < botel (= bottle)

ponc < bonc (= bonk, variant of bank in the West Midlands of England)

:_______________________________.

pab ‹paab› masculine noun
PLURAL pabau ‹pâ -be›
1 pope = the bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church

2 colloquial Catholic priest

3 North Wales capel Pab humorous name for a Roman Catholic church (“chapel (of) (the) Pope”, “a Pope Chapel”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin papa < Greek pappas (= pope)

From the same British root: Cornish pab (= pope), Breton pab (= pope)

From the same Latin root: Manx paab (= pope)

:_______________________________.

pabell ‹pâ-belh› feminine noun
PLURAL pebyll ‹pê-bilh›
1 tent
y babell the tent
maes pebyll campsite (“field (of) tents”)

2 tent, marquee, pavilion

3 pavilion / tent / marquee on an eisteddfod field
Y Babell Lên = the Literature Pavilion, place where lectures and talks on literary themes are given in the annual national Eisteddfod

4 tabernacle;
pabell y cyfarfod (Exodus 29:42),
the tabernacle of the congregation prepared by Moses for the people to meet God

..a/ Exodus 29:42 Yn boethoffrwm gwastadol trwy eich oesoedd, wrth ddrws pabell y cyfarfod, gerbron yr ARGLWYDD; lle y cyfarfyddaf â chwi, i lefaru wrthyt yno.
Exodus 29:42 This shall be a continual burnt offering throughout your generations at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation before the LORD: where I will meet you, to speak there unto thee.

..b/ Salmau 27:3 Pe gwersyllai llu i’m herbyn, nid ofna fy nghalon: pe cyfodai cad i’m herbyn, yn hyn mi a fyddaf hyderus.
(27:4) Un peth a ddeisyfais i gan yr ARGLWYDD, hynny a geisiaf; sef caffael trigo yn nhŷ yr ARGLWYDD holl ddyddiau fy mywyd, i edrych ar brydferthwch yr ARGLWYDD, ac i ymofyn yn ei deml.
(27:5) Canys yn y dydd blin y’m cuddia o fewn ei babell: yn nirgelfa ei babell y’m cuddia; ar graig y’m cyfyd i.
Psalms 27:3 Though an host should encamp against me, my heart shall not fear: though war should rise against me, in this will I be confident.
(27:4) One thing have I desired of the LORD, that will I seek after; that I may dwell in the house of the LORD all the days of my life, to behold the beauty of the LORD, and to inquire in his temple.
(27:5) For in the time of trouble he shall hide me in his pavilion: in the secret of his tabernacle shall he hide me; he shall set me up upon a rock.

5 (SJ1573) Y Babell (= "the tabernacle") a village in the county of Fflint 4km south-west of Treffynnon; from the name of the Nonconformist chapel;

6 Y Babell name of certain nonconformist chapels (= "the tabernacle")

Street names
..a/ “Babell Road”, Gorsedd (SJ1576), Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint)
(this would be Ffordd y Babell in Welsh)

..b/ “Babell Road”, Pen-sarn (county of Caerfyrddin)
(this would be Heol y Babell in Welsh)

ETYMOLOGY:
..1/ pebyll (= tent) < British < Latin *papili-o < pâpili-ô (= butterfly, tent)

..2/ The original form was pebyll (singular, = a tent),
with the plural pebyllau ‹pe-bə-lhe› (= tents) (addition of the suffix –au).

..3/ The sequence of vowels e - y is more characteristic of plural nouns in Welsh with singular forms with a – e
bachgen (= a boy), bechgyn (= boys)

Other loans from Latin showing this same assimilation:
castell (= castle), cestyll (= castles)
maneg (= glove), menyg (= gloves)

..4/ The singular form pabell emerged, and pebyll became the plural form

pabell (= tent), pebyll (= tents)

..5/ A similar case of assimilation to the e-y pattern is the loanword macrell (= mackerel), a word of French origin taken from English or directly from French. Besides the plural with the addition of the suffix -od (common in animal / bird / fish names) (macrellod ‹ma-kre-lhod›) there is the plural form mecryll

:_______________________________.

pabi, pabis ‹PÂ bi, PÂ bis› (masculine noun)
1 poppy

2 types of poppy:
..1/ pabi coch (Papaver rhoeas) corn poppy, field poppy (“red poppy”)
..2/ pabi corniog dulas (Roemeria hybrida) violet horned poppy (“violet horned poppy”)
..3/ pabi corniog melyn (Glaucum flavum) round prickly-headed poppy (“yellow horned poppy”)
..4/ pabi Cymréig (Meconopsis cambrica) Welsh poppy (pale-yellow in colour)
..5/ pabi gwyn (“white poppy”) (Papaver somniferum)
pabi opiwm (Papaver somniferum) opium poppy

Also: cysglys or cwsglys (Papaver somniferum) opium poppy (“sleep plant”) (cwsg- root of cysgu = to sleep) + soft mutation + (llys = plant)
:_______________________________.

Pabydd ‹pâ-bidh› masculine noun
PLURAL Pabyddion ‹pa-bədh-yon›
1 Roman Catholic; Papist
gwrth-Babydd (adjective) anti-Catholic

ETYMOLOGY: (pab = pope) + (-ydd = suffix)

:_______________________________.

pa bynnag ‹paa BƏ-nag› (determiner)
1 whatever

2 pa gyn lleied bynnag however little

3 pa mor amyneddgar bynnag y bo hi no matter how patient she is (“what so patient so-ever that she-may-be she”)

:_______________________________.

pac popeth ‹pak po -peth› masculine noun
PLURAL paciau popeth ‹pak-ye po -peth›
1 holdall = a capacious bag

ETYMOLOGY: “bag (for) everything” (pac = pack, bag) + (popeth = everything)

:_______________________________.

paentiad ‹peint -yad›
PLURAL paentiadau ‹peint- yâ -de›
1 painting = picture expressed through paint
Gwerthodd un o’i baentiadau He sold one of his paintings

ETYMOLOGY: (paent-, stem of the verb paentio = to paint) + (-i-ad abstract noun-forming suffix)

:_______________________________.

paentiwr ‹peint -yur› masculine noun
PLURAL paentwyr ‹peint -wir›
1 person who covers a surface in paint as a protection or as decoration; house-painter

paentiwr a phapurwr decorator, painter and decorator = person who paints and wallpapers rooms

2 sometimes instead of arlunydd = painter (artist, person who uses paint to create pictures)

ETYMOLOGY: (paent-i-, stem of paentio = to paint) + (-wr 'man')

NOTE: Sometimes spelt “peintiwr”

:_______________________________.

pa fath ‹paa vaath ›
1 Pa fath o bobl? What sort of people?
Also: Pa fath bobl? What sort of people?

2 Pa fath o siâp sy arno? How is he, What shape is he in (“what kind of shape is on him”)

ETYMOLOGY: “what type / sort / kind” (pa = which / what) + soft mutation + (math = type / sort / kind)

:_______________________________.

pàff ‹ paf › feminine noun
PLURAL paffiau ‹ paf -ye›
1 thump, blow

ETYMOLOGY: (onomatopaeic)

:_______________________________.

paffio ‹paf -yo› verb
1 (verb with or without an object) to box
gornest baffio boxing match
ring baffio boxing ring
maneg baffio boxing glove

ETYMOLOGY: (pàff = a blow) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

pagan ‹pa -gan› masculine noun
PLURAL paganiaid ‹pa-gan-yed›
1 pagan = person who worshipped the Roman or Greek gods

2 pagan = one who is not a member of a religious congregation, non-chapel-goer, non-church-goer

Hen bagan yw e
He’s a pagan (“he’s an old pagan”) – i.e. he doesn't belong to any church or chapel, he doesn’t believe in God, he doesn’t practise the Christian faith

ETYMOLOGY: pagan < English pagan < Church Latin pâgânus (= civilian, a person who is not a soldier of Christ) < (country dweller, villager) < pâgus (= village)

:_______________________________.

paganaidd ‹pa- gâ -nedh› adjective
1 pagan = of worshippers of the Roman or Greek gods

2 pagan
Rydym heddiw yn byw mewn gwlad baganaidd
Today we are living in a pagan country

ETYMOLOGY: (pagan = pagan) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Pagellus centrodontus
1 merfog môr (m), merfogiaid môr sea bream

:_______________________________.

pair ‹ pair › masculine noun
PLURAL peiriau ‹ peir -ye›
1 cauldron, cooking pot

2 dod o'r pair come out of the hat, come up, be mentioned, emerge

Fe ofynnwyd iddo argymell enw awdur Cymraeg o hanesydd ar gyfer llunio'r gyfrol o’r fath. Daeth enw John Davies o'r pair yn ddiffwdan iawn
He was asked to suggest the name of a Welsh historian and author to write such a book. The name John Davies quickly came out of the hat

3 peiran small cauldron; cirque, semicircular basin in a mountain
(peir- < pair = cauldron) + (an- = diminutive suffix)

4 y pair yn gweiddi parddu ar y pentan (“the cauldron shouting soot at the fireplace”) the pot calling the kettle black - said of someone who criticises another for something which the critic is equally guilty of

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *paryo- < Celtic kwaryo-

The two other British languages:
Cornish: per (= pot, crock), Breton per (= cauldron);
The Hibernian languages:
Irish coire (= cauldron), Scottish coire (= cauldron)

:_______________________________.

pais ‹ pais › feminine noun
PLURAL peisiau ‹ peis -ye›
1 woman’s petticoat

2 (obsolete) surcoat

Daniel 3:27 A'r tywysogion, dugiaid, a phendefigion, a chynghoriaid y brenin, a ymgasglasant ynghyd, ac a welsant y gwŷr hyn, y rhai ni finiasai y tân ar eu cyrff, ac ni ddeifiasai flewyn o'u pen, ni newidiasai eu peisiau chwaith, ac nid aethai sawr y tân arnynt.
Daniel 3:27 And the princes, governors, and captains, and the king's counsellors, being gathered together, saw these men, upon whose bodies the fire had no power, nor was an hair of their head singed, neither were their coats changed, nor the smell of fire had passed on them.

3 (eighteenth century, early nineteenth century) child's smock
W i'n 'i gofio fe'n gwisgo paish I remember him in a smock, I remember him as a very small child

4 pais fach Scottish kilt (or at least in the expression,

gŵyr y peisha bäch (= gŵyr y peisiau bach),
South-east Wales name for the Highland Regiment from Scotland, used in intervening in industrial pursuits
in the nineteenth century)

5 arfbais (a) coat of arms = a heraldic device representing a family, corporation or state; (b) coat of arms = surtout, surcoat with armorial bearings to identify the wearer; a garment of silk or linen placed over a suit of armour to keep it clean, or prevent it getting hot in the sun
(arf = arm ) + soft mutation + (pais = overgarment)
Also pais arfau

6 codi pais cyn piso first things first (“lift a petticoat before pissing”)

codi pais ar ôl piso ("lift a petticoat after pissing") do something too late; try to undo what has been done
thâl hi ddim codi pais ar ôl piso there’s no point closing the stable door after the horse has bolted

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh pais < peis < *pekhs < British *peks-
< Latin pexa < tunica pexa (= woollen tunic ) < pexus (= woolly, still retaining the nap)

NOTE: (South Wales) paish (a final s after an i usually becomes sh)

:_______________________________.

pais arfau ‹ pais ar -ve› feminine noun
PLURAL peisiau arfau ‹ peis -ye ar -ve›
1 coat of arms = surcoat decorated with family emblems
2 Arfau Caer-dydd name of a public house in Caer-dydd (“the Cardiff Arms”)
Parc yr Arfau the Arms Park in Caer-dydd., “Cardiff Arms Park” - a rugby ground by the pub

ETYMOLOGY: (pais = surcoat) + (arfau = arms)

:_______________________________.

pais ddur ‹ pais dhiir› feminine noun
PLURAL peisiau arfau ‹ peis -ye diir›
1 coat of mail = medieval battledress made of linked metal rings
or overlapping metal plates
gya

ETYMOLOGY: (pais = surcoat) + soft mutation + (dur = steel)

:_______________________________.

..1 pâl ‹paal › feminine noun
PLURAL palau ‹pa -le›
1 spade
y bâl the spade
2 dyn y bâl the gravedigger (“(the) man (of) the spade”, “the spademan”)
3 galw pâl yn bâl call a spade a spade, speak plainly

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh pâl < British
from the same British root: Breton pal; Cornish pal
cf palét < English < Old French palette (= little shovel, pale, spade) < Late Latin pala (= spade)

:_______________________________.

..2 pâl ‹paal› masculine noun
PLURAL palau ‹PAA -le›
1 pale = wooden post or strip of wood used in building a fence
district of Maldwyn, in the county of Powys: pâls = paling

2 obsolete stockade, “pale” = area inside a fence made of pales
History Y Pâl The Pale = the English district of Ireland, around Baile Átha Cliath

3 obsolete enclosed area - a field, a park

4 Y Palau (“the stakes”) (colloquially Y Pale ‹pâ-le›)
Name of a mansion in Llandderfel, Gwynedd

ETYMOLOGY: English pale, now {peil}, was in the 1400s {paal} < 1300+ Old French pal < Latin palus (= stick)

:_______________________________.

palalwyfen ‹pa-la-lui-ven› feminine noun
PLURAL palalwyf ‹pa-la-luif›
1 lime tree, linden
y balalwyfen the lime tree

There is a street in Pont-y-clun (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) called “Palalwyf Avenue”, which would be Coedlan y Palalwyf in Welsh (Postcode: CF72 9EG)

ETYMOLOGY: (1) (palalwyf = lime trees) + (-en suffix added to nouns to make a singular form out of a collective noun or plural noun)
(2) palalwyf < (pala, element of unknown origin) + soft mutation + (llwyf = elm trees)

:_______________________________.

palasty ‹pa- la -sti› masculine noun
PLURAL palastai ‹pa- la -stai›
1 mansion; a form used erroniously instead of ‘plasty’ in literature in the 1800s

Yn agos i’r “Capel Bach” ar fron y cae rhwng yr heol o’r Cymmer a’r heol i Donyrefail saif hen balasdy a elwir y Capel Mawr (Hanes Tonyrefail - Atgofion am y Lle a’r Hen Bobl. Thomas Morgan. 1899, Caerdydd. Tudalen 28)
Near the Capel Bach (“The little chapel”) on the brow of the field beteen the road from Y Cymer to Tonyrefail stands the old mansion called Y Capel-mawr (“the big chapel”)

ETYMOLOGY: (1) Mansion is plas (from English ‹plaas› ‘place’ = place, but also mansion; modern-day English ‹pleis› ‘place’ = position, residence).

(2) There is also a compound form (plas = mansion) + soft mutation + (ty = house) > plasdy > plasty (= mansion) (the soft mutation is lost through the influence of the ‘s’)

(3) Why palasty? It was wrongly thought that

ETYMogically plasty should be p’lasty < palasty, that is, with palas = ‘palace’ as the first element.
The contraction of (p + vowel + l) sometimes occurs in colloquial Welsh; examples are
(a) paladur > pladur (= scythe)
(b) pa le (= what place?) > ple / ble

:_______________________________.

palfalu ‹pal-vâ-li› verb
1 grope (in the dark)
2 palfalu'ch ffordd grope one's way, feel one's way
Palfalodd ei ffordd i mewn i'r ystafell He groped his way into the room

ETYMOLOGY: Apparently pal|fa|lu < pal|fa|fa|lu < pal|fa|fae|lu (palf = palm of hand) + soft mutation + (gafaelu = get hold of)

:_______________________________.

pálindrom ‹pa-lin-drom› masculine noun
PLURAL palindromau ‹pa-lin-dro-me›
1 palindrome - a word or expression which has the same sequence of letters read left to right and right to left (such as in English “Madam I'm Adam”). Examples in Welsh are “lladd dafad ddall” (slaughtering a blind sheep) and “gwr drwg” (bad man; (the) devil)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English < Greek palindromos running back again

:_______________________________.

pall ‹palh› (masculine noun)
1 stopping

pall ar stopping + on
Does dim pall arno He never stops (“there’s no stopping on him”)

pall trydan power cut, blackout, power failure (USA: also power outage, power loss)

ETYMOLOGY: from the verb pallu (= fail, cease, refuse)

:_______________________________.

pallu ‹PA-lhi› v
1 fail

Rydw i’n sicr fod yno bedair carreg pan oeddwn yn fachgen, ond hwyrach fod y cof sy'n pallu
I’m sure htere were four stones there when I was a boy, but maybe my memmory isn’t what it was (“it is the memory which is failing”)

dw i’n mynd yn hen rwan, a'r cof yn pallu I’m getting old now, and my memory’s failing

2 weaken

Yr oedd ei nerth yn dechrau pallu
His strength was beginning to fail

Gyda'r dydd, pallodd ei nerth bach, a bu farw'r baban yn dawel
At daybreak, his strength (“his little strength”) failed him, and the baby died quietly

3 (sight) fail, become dim

Apocrypha: Ecclesiasticus 18:18 Un ffôl a ddannod yn daeogaidd; a rhodd y cenfigennus a wna i'r llygaid ballu.
Apocrypha: Ecclesiasticus 18:18 A fool will upbraid churlishly, and a gift of the envious consumeth the eyes.

Dirywio'n raddol a wnaeth iechyd Thomas Morgan yn ystod blynyddoedd
olaf ei oes. Pallodd ei olygon, ac er iddo fod dan lawdriniaeth
yn Abertawe yn 1921, collodd ei olwg yn gyfan gwbl yn niwedd ei oes. Casglwr 53 Awst 1994
Thomas Morgan’s health gradually went downhill during the last years of his life. His sight failed, and although he underwent surgery in Abertawe / Swansea in 1921, he lost his sight completely at the end of his life.

4 be lacking

palled let not there be lacking

Lefiticus 2:13 Dy holl fwyd-offrwm hefyd a hellti di â halen; ac na phalled halen cyfamod dy DDUW o fod ar dy fwyd-offrwm: offryma halen ar bob offrwm i ti.
Leviticus 2:13 And every oblation of thy meat offering shalt thou season with salt; neither shalt thou suffer the salt of the covenant of thy God to be lacking from thy meat offering: with all thine offerings thou shalt offer salt.

5 (South Wales) refuse (to do something); fail (to do something)
pallu â dod refuse to come
pallu dod refuse to come

Mae e'n pallu gwneud dim byd rw i'n ei ddweud wrtho
He refuses to do anything I tell him

Mae gŵr y tŷ yn pallu hen gownt
The tavern keeper won’t give credit

Mae’r Llywodraeth yn pallu rhoi digon o arian i gynnal tai cyngor
The government fails to give enough money to maintain council houses

5 (enthusiasm, interest, etc) wane

6 cease
Oherwydd bod disgyblaeth a hyfforddiant mewn llu mawr o eglwysi wedi pallu, mae anwybodaeth am gynnwys yn rhemp
Because discipline and instruction in a great number of churches has ceased, ignorance of the contents of the Bible is widespread

Mae’r cloc uwchben Neuadd y Dref yn pallu gweithio o bryd i’w gilydd
The clock above the Town Hall stops working every now and then

y cariad hwnnw nad yw’n pallu
that love which never dies

ETYMOLOGY: unknown origin

:_______________________________.

pallan ‹PA-lhan› v
1 (Powys - county of Trefaldwyn) fall out

Ma’ nhw wedi pallan â’i gilydd
They fallen out with each other

ETYMOLOGY: probably from cwympo allan (= fall out)

:_______________________________.

palmant ‹pal -mant› masculine noun
PLURAL palmentydd ‹pal-men-tidh›
1 sidewalk (Englandic: pavement, footway)
Roedd y dorf yn llanw’r palmentydd The crowd filled the pavements
Dim palmant am 600 (chwe chan) llath No footway for 600 (six hundred) yds (yards)

2 (obsolete) (place names) paved way

ETYMOLOGY: palmant < palment < *pawment < English pavment (pavement)

(delw 0034)
Dim palmant am chwe chan llath - Pwllheli, Llun Awst 18 2003.

The walkers on the left are members of Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (The Welsh Language Society) taking part in Taith y Cymunedau (the march for the communities) August 16-August 30 2003 to draw attention to the problems facing local communities with the continuing influx of rich incomers (mainly from England).

These are the inability of local people to buy houses in their own communities at affordable prices, the lack of rented accommodation at prices which local people can pay, and the needless development of housing estates to attract rich outsiders. The net effect is the loss of young people from the area, and an ageing population, compounded by the immigration, much of which is made up of English retirees.

:_______________________________.

palmantu ‹ palmant › verb
1 (verb amb objecte) to pave

ETYMOLOGY: (palmant = pavement) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

palmwyddog ‹palm- wy -dhog› adjective
1 palmate = (leaf) with leaflets radiating from a central point
2 palmate (foot of aquatic birds) with three toes connected by a thin web of skin
madfall balmwyddog (Triturus helveticus) palmate lizard

ETYMOLOGY: palmwydd (= palm trees) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

pam ‹PAM› (adverb)
1 why?
2 Rw i eto heb wybod pam I still don’t know why (“I am still without knowing why”)

:_______________________________.

pa mor ‹pa mor›
1 In the construction equivalent to English how + adjective (how big is it, how new are they, etc).
Welsh has pa mor + adjective. There is soft mutation of P C T G B D M; but not LL RH.
pa mor llydan...? how wide..? (“how so wide is it?”)
Pa mor fawr yw e? What size is it? (“how so big is it?”)

2 waeth pa mor... < ni waeth pa mor... no matter how...
Waeth pa mor gyflym y rhedwch, ’ddaliwch chi mohono No matter how fast you run, you won’t catch him

3 pa mor amyneddgar bynnag y bo hi no matter how patient she is (“what so patient so.ever that she may-be”)

ETYMOLOGY: (pa = how) + (mor = so)

:_______________________________.

pan ‹PAN› (conjunction)
1 when

2 Sometimes with the subjunctive, especially in the case of more or less fixed expressions:
Pan fwyf hen a pharchus When I am old and respectable

3 pan yw when + is
ffidlan pan yw Rhufain yn llosgi (“fiddle when Rome is burning”)

4 pan fo eisiau (pan fo ishe) when there is need of, when.... is needed, when.... is required

Mae tipyn o ddiogi arno pan fo ishe gweithio’n galed
He’s a bit lazy (“there’s a bit of laziness on him) when hard work is needed
:_______________________________.

..2 pan ‹pan› adjective
1 fulled

2 (person) hanner pan not all there – not fully sane or sensible (“half-fulled / half completed”)
Mae e’n hanner pan He’s not all there, there’s something missing on top, he’s missing a screw

3 masculine noun fulling = process of preparing cloth by beating and shrinking; in the expression
melin ban fulling mill (“mill (for) fulling”) (melin = mill) + soft mutation + (pan = fulling process)

ETYMOLOGY: pan (= fulled) past participle form < pann-, stem of the verb pannu (= full cloth)

:_______________________________.

panad ‹PA nad › (masculine – South, or feminine noun - North)
1 clipped form of cwpanaid (= cup (in the sense of cupful)) (qv)

:_______________________________.

panasen, panas ‹pa NA sen, PA nas› (feminine noun)
1 parsnip
y banasen the parsnip

ETYMOLOGY: English < French?

Modern French has panais (= parsnip)

:_______________________________.

pandy ‹pan -di› masculine noun
PLURAL pandai ‹pan-dai›
1 fulling mill, fuller’s place (Scotland: waulk-mill)

2 gwneud melin a phandy (o rywbeth) go on and on (about something), make a great song and dance (about something) (“make a mill and a fulling house”)

3 Examples in place names:

(a) Tonypandy (pasture of the fulling mill), village in the Rhondda valley (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf);

(b) Y Pandy see the entry below

ETYMOLOGY: (pan, stem of pannu = to full cloth) + soft mutation + (ty = house, building)

:_______________________________.

Y Pandy ‹ə pan -di› masculine noun

1 Y Pandy SO3322 locality in the county of Mynwy, 9km north of Y Fenni

2 Y Pandy SH6203 locality in the county of Gwynedd, 5km north-east of Tywyn

3 Y Pandy SH8729 locality in the county of Gwynedd, south-east part of Llanuwchllyn

4 Y Pandy SH9004 locality in the district of Maldwyn, county of Powys, 1km north of Llan-bryn-mair

5 Y Pandy SJ1936 locality in the county of Dinbych, 7km south of Llangollen

6 Y Pandy SJ1542 Nant y Pandy, stream on north side of Glyndyfrdwy which flows into the river Dyfrdwy

7 Y Pandy SO0407 place in the town of Merthyrtudful

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=186690

Cloc y Pandy The Pandy Clock

ETYMOLOGY: “the fulling mill”; see the entry pandy above

:_______________________________.

paned, paneidiau ‹PA ned, pa NEID ye› (masculine or feminine noun)
1 clipped form of cwpanaid (= cup (in the sense of cupful)).

Especially North Wales.

2 often means cwpanaid o de / paned o de (= cup of tea)

y baned = the cupful; the cup of tea

See cwpanaid
:_______________________________.

pannu ‹PA ni› (verb)
1 full (cloth)

The stem of the verb (pann-) is used as a past participle pan (= fulled)
hanner pan (= half fulled; of a person, half baked, not all there, stupid)

pandy fulling mill

melin ban mill (“mill (for) fulling”) (melin = mill) + soft mutation + (pan = fulling process; < pann-, stem of the verb pannu)

ETYMOLOGY: Probably (pant = hollow) + (-u verb termination)
pandy fulling mill

Less likely is a derivation from Latin pannus (= cloth).
In the case of this word, cf English pawn (= security) < 1400 Old French pan (= security) < Latin pannus (= cloth). From the practice of leaving cloth as security. This sense development also accounts for German der Pfand (= security)

:_______________________________.

pansan ‹pan-san› masculine noun
PLURAL pansis ‹pan -sis›
1 (North Wales) pansy (disrespectful expression for a homosexual or effeminate man)

ETYMOLOGY: pansan (North-west) < pansen
pans- = first syllable of pansi < English pansy (= flower; homosexual)
+ -en (suffix for forming feminine nouns)

:_______________________________.

pant ‹PANT› masculine noun
PLURAL pantiau ‹PANT_yai, -e›

1 hollow (Scotland: how)
Sechareia 1:8   Gwelais noswaith; ac wele wr yn marchogaeth ar farch coch, ac yr oedd yn sefyll rhwng y myrtwydd y rhai oedd yn y pant; ac o'i ôl ef feirch cochion, brithion, a gwynion

Zechariah 1:8   I saw by night, and behold a man riding upon a red horse, and he stood among the myrtle trees that [were] in the bottom; and behind him [were there] red horses, speckled, and white.

2 valley

3 sag, hollow, dip, depression (in the middle of a bed)

4 lacuna = depression in a pitted surface

5 Cwm Sychbant

6 i'r pant y rhed y dw^r Money begets money; money makes money (“(it-is) to the hollow / valley that runs the water”)

7 sychbant ‹SƏKH-bant› (m)
dry hollow, dry valley

(sych- < sych = dry) + soft mutation + (-pant = hollow, valley)

Pant Sychbant SN9809 A valley north-west of Cefncoedycymer

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=188496

Cefn Sychbant SN9810 A hill above Pant Sychbant

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=189396

:_______________________________.

Y Pant ‹ø PANT› masculine noun

……………………….
1 (SJ2722) locality in North Shropshire (Anglaterra)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2722 map

……………………….
2 (SJ2946) locality in Wrecsam


http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2946 map

……………………….
3 (SJ3555) locality in Wrecsam

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ3555 map

……………………….

4 Y Pant SJ2052, east of Llandegla (Dinbych)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2052 map

……………………….

5 locality SO0608 in Merthyrtudful

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO0608 map

:_______________________________.

Pantdefaid ‹ pant- dê -ved›
1 See: Pantydefaid

:_______________________________.

Y Pant-glas ‹pant- glaas ›
“green hollow”
1 (SH4747) localitat in the county of Gwynedd, on the road between Caernarfon and Cricieth, 15 km south of Caernarfon and 9km north of Cricieth

2 (SO4804) locality (farm) in Tryleg (county of Mynwy)

3 (SJ1813) locality (farm) 3km east of Meifod (county of Powys)

4 (SJ2732) (farm) in the county of Shropshire (England) between Selatyn and Croesowallt (Oswestry)

5 In names of streets:
..a/ Caer-dydd (county of Caer-dydd) (“Pant Glas”)
..b/ Felindre, Llandysul (county of Ceredigion) (“Pant Glas”)
..c/ Gorseinon (county of Abertawe) (“Pant Glas”)
..d/ Llanelwy (SJ0374) (county of Dinbych) (“Pant Glas”)
..e/ Pen-coed (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (“Pant Glas”)
..f/ Rhuthun (county of Dinbych) (“Pant Glas”)
..g/ Sychdyn (SJ2466) (county of Y Fflint) (“Pant Glas”)
..h/ Tredegar (county of Blaenau Gwent) (“Pant Glas”)

Also
“Pant Glas Court”, Bassaleg (county of Casnewydd) (This would be “Cwrt Pant-glas” in Welsh)
“Pant Glas Parc”, Llandeilo (county of Caerfyrddin) (This would be “Parc Pant-glas” in Welsh)

ETYMOLOGY: “y pant glas” = the green hollow (y definite article) + (pant = hollow) + (glas = green)

:_______________________________.

pantle ‹pant -le› masculine noun
PLURAL pantloedd ‹pant- lâ -odh›
1 depression, hollow

Nid oedd y ffordd at y tŷ ond pantle dwfn, budr a tholciog
The road to the house was nothing more than a deep dirty bumpy hollow

Safai yr hen Wenallt mewn pantle, rhwng y fan y saif y Wenallt presenol a'r llwyn o goed a elwir Nyrs Fachddeiliog, yn ymyl hen orsaf ffordd haiarn y Bala.
Adgofion Andronicus (= John William Jones, Y Bala, 1842-1895) Cyhoeddwyd: Caernarfon 1894 t24
The old Wenallt (farmhouse) stood in a hollow, between the place where the present Wenallt stands and a wood which was called Fachddeiliog Nursery, next to the old railway station in Y Bala

ETYMOLOGY: (pant = hollow) + soft mutation + (lle = place)

:_______________________________.

Y Pant-mawr ‹pant- MAUR ›
1 (SN8482) dispersed village i   Powys, west of Llangurig, on the road to Aberystwyth

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN8482 map

ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + (pant = hollow) + (mawr = big)

(delw 7467)
:_______________________________.

Pant y Brad ‹pant ə braad ›
1 Pant y Brad “treason hollow”, geographical feature in Tonyrefail (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
See the chapter “Pant y Brad” on page 69 of Hanes Tonyrefail (The History of Tonyrefail) / Thomas Morgan (Caer-dydd 1899) at kimkat1288e (accessible via Google)

2 Pant-y-brad street name in Tonyrefail (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(the elements of settlement names are written together as a single word)
(officially misspelt as “Pantybrad”)

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hollow (of) the treachery or treason; treachery hollow, treason hollow”
(pant = hollow) + (y = definite article) + (brad = treachery, treason)
:_______________________________.

panwaun ‹PAN-wain› feminine noun
PLURAL panweunydd ‹pan-WEI-nidh›

1 (obsolete) (place names) cotton grass moor, peat moss

2 field enclosed from such land, damp boggy field, wet meadow
gwair panwaun (south-east Wales) moorland hay

3 place names:

..a/ Panwaun Penygoetgae, near Blaen-cwm (Rhondda Cynon Taf)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=180404

................................................................

..b/ Banwen SN8509 (Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/229119

................................................................

..c/ Banwen Pyrddin SN8609 (Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/880549 Banwen Pyrddin

ETYMOLOGY: Probably (pân) + soft mutation + (gwaun = moorland, moorland field)

Pân is “cotton grass, bog cotton” – usually plu’r gweunydd (“(the) feathers (of) the moorland fields”), and has been noted in Cwmdulais (county of Abertawe).

Less likely is pân (= ermine, fur; down, fluff), from Old French panne / pane, either directly into Welsh from French, or via Middle Englsh.

Modern French has panne (= panne, plush) < Latin pinna (= wing, feather). English panne (from the Old French word) is “a lightweight velvet fabric”.

Pân (= cotton grass) could however be pân (= ermine etc) which has been applied to the name of the plant.

Another possible origin of panwaun is (pant = hollow) + soft mutation + (gwaun = moorland, moorland field) > *pantwaun > panwaun

:_______________________________.

Pant-y-cra ‹pant-ə- kraa ›
1 SH7517 street name, Tabor, Dolgellau (“Pant y Cra”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1179670 Capel Tabor

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) hollow (of) the ramsons / wild garlic”)
(pant = hollow) + (y definite article) + (cra = ramsons / ad-leaved wild garlic (Allium ursinum))
cra < craf In monosyllables the final ‹v› is lost in the north – cf gof / go (= smith), haf / ha (= summer),

:_______________________________.

Pantydefaid ‹ pant-ə- dê -ved›
1 farm by Pren-gwyn, Llandysul (county of Ceredigion) (spelt “Pant-y-defaid” on OS maps)

Capel Pantydefaid SN4244 Unitarian Chapel built c1802
This place name also appears without the definite article: Pantdefaid

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/612645 Capel Pantydefaid

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

2 Locality in the Republic of South Africa: Aerial map at

http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SF/3/Pantydefaid.html
Latitude -29.0167, Longitude 26.1000

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hollow (of) the sheep / sheep hollow”

(pant = hollow) + (y = definite article) + (defaid sheep, plural of dafad = a sheep).

As the name of a hollow it would be written with the elements separated Pant y Defaid; as the name of a settlement (house, village, etc) such place names are written as a single word: Pantydefaid
:_______________________________.

Pant-y-dŵr ‹ pant o duur ›
1 (SN9874) locality in the district of Maldwyn (county of Powys), near Rhaeadr-gwy

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/409347 Pant-y-dŵr (rhan o’r pentre / part of the village)

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

2 street name, Nant-y-bwch, Tredegar (county of Blaenau Gwent)

3 street name, Y Crwys (county of Abertawe)

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hollow (of) the water / the stream” (pant = hollow) + (y = definite article) + (dŵr = water, stream)

:_______________________________.

Pant-y-fid ‹pant ə viid ›
1 In Aberbargod (county of Caerffili) there is a road called “Pant-y-fid Road” (In Welsh, this would be Heol Pant-y-fid)

ETYMOLOGY: pant y fid = (the) hollow (of) the quickset hedge
(pant = hollow) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (bid = hedge)

:_______________________________.

Pantygaseg ‹ pant-ə-ga-seg›
1 place name
..a/ (ST2599) locality in the county of Torfaen, 3km west of the town of Pont-y-pŵl

..b/ Name of a short-lived copper mine (1872-1879) near Amlwch, Ynys Môn

ETYMOLOGY: (the) hollow (of) the mare

(pant = hollow) + (y = the) + soft mutation + (caseg = mare)

:_______________________________.

Pant-y-gog ‹ pant-ə-goog›

1 Village south of Pontcymer, Cwm Garw, Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr

Here there is a street called “Cuckoo Street”, which in Welsh would be Heol y Gog “(the) street (of) the cuckoo”,“cuckoo street”

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hollow (of) the cuckoo”, “cuckoo hollow”
(pant = hollow) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (cog = cuckoo)

:_______________________________.

papur, papurau ‹PA pir, pa PI re› (masculine noun)
1 paper
shît o bapur a sheet of paper

2 papur tywod sandpaper

3 fel pìn mewn papur (“like a pin in paper”)
..1/ (house) as neat as a pin, very neat and tidy

Yr oedd yr hen Miss Jones yn cadw ei thŷ fel pin mewn papur.
Old Mrs. Jones kept her house spick and span

..2/ (person's appearance) smart, all spruced up, all dolled up, dressed up to the nines
Fe welodd Siân Shencyn yn troi o'r tŷ fel pin mewn papur
He saw Siân Shencyn leave the house all dolled up

:_______________________________.

papur bro ‹pa-pur broo› masculine noun
PLURAL papurau bro ‹pa-pî-re broo›

1 local newspaper (usually produced monthly by volunteers) serving a defined community and written entirely in Welsh (“paper (of the) district”)
Y Tincer - un o bapurau bro Ceredigion “Y Tincer” (the tinker) - one of the district newspapers of Ceredigion

:_______________________________.

papur gwag ‹pa pir GWAAG› (masculine noun)
1 blank sheet

:_______________________________.

papur gwyn ‹pa pir GWIN› (masculine noun)
1 White Paper

:_______________________________.

papur llinellog ‹pa pir lhi NE lhog› (·*·)
1 ruled paper

:_______________________________.

papur newydd, papurau newydd ‹pa pir NEU idh, pa PI re NEU idh› (masculine noun)
1 newspaper, paper (= newspaper)

:_______________________________.

papuro ‹pa- pî -ro› verb
verb with an object
1 paper = cover with papur

2 wallpaper = put wallpaper on a wall
Rhaid inni bapuro'r llofft fach rywbryd We must wallpaper the small bedroom sometime

3 masculine noun paperhanging
peintio a phapuro painting and decorating
defnyddiau peintio a phapuro painting and decorating materials

ETYMOLOGY: (papur = paper) + (-o, suffix for forming verbs)

NOTE: colloquial form: puro (loss of the first syllable)

:_______________________________.

papurwr ‹pa- pî -rur› masculine noun
PLURAL papurwyr ‹pa- pir -wir›
1 (occupation) paperhanger = person who puts up wallpaper
peintiwr a phapurwr painter and decorator

ETYMOLOGY: (papur-, stem of the verb papuro = to paper, to put up wallpaper) + (-wr = 'man')

:_______________________________.

papur sugno ‹pa pir SIG no› (masculine noun)
1 blotting paper

:_______________________________.

papur sgwariau ‹pa pir SKWAR ye›
1 squared paper

:_______________________________.

papuryn, papurau ‹pa PI rin› (masculine noun)
paper

:_______________________________.

pâr, parau ‹PAAR, PA re› (masculine noun)
1 pair
2 gwisgo hosan o bob pâr wear odd socks (“wear (a) sock of each pair”)

:_______________________________.

para / parháu ‹PA ra / par HAI› (verb)
1 continue

2 last

3 nwyddau para non-perishable goods, durable goods
“goods (of) lasting” (nwyddau = goods) + (para = to last, lasting)

4 a phara ynddo (piece of clothing) hard-wearing (“and lasting in it”)
NOTE: third person singular, present-future: (literary) pery, colloquial pariff, parith will last

:_______________________________.

parablu ‹pa RA bli› (verb)
1 talk (incessantly)

:_______________________________.

parablus ‹pa RA blis› (·adj·)
1 talkative

:_______________________________.

parablwr, parablwyr ‹pa RA blur, pa RABL wir› (masculine noun)
1 talker

:_______________________________.

paradwys ‹pa- ra -duis› feminine noun
1 Paradwys Paradise, the place where Adam and Eve lived before they were expelled after committing the first sin; the Garden of Eden

2 Paradwys Paradise = Heaven
iaith Paradwys the language of Paradise = Welsh

3 paradise = limbo, the place where Christians who have lived a good life will accompony Jesus before the Resurrection of Jesus

Sant Luc 23:43 A’r Iesu a ddywedodd wrtho, Yn wir meddaf i ti, Heddiw y byddi gyda mi ym mharadwys
Saint Luke 23:43 And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise

4 paradise = splendid place

Roedd Capel Brynhyfryd yn fy Mharadwys pan oeddwn yn eneth fach
Brynhyfryd Chapel was my paradise when I was a little girl
y baradwys honno that paradise, that place which was a paradise

5 pleasant and attractive area with abundant vegetation
Ar ôl myned trwy y baradwys hon deuthum i peithdir llwm, diderfyn
After going through this paradise we came to an endless barren prairie

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Paradwys < *Paraddwys < British < Latin paradîsus < Greek paradeisos< Persian. Cf the word pairidaêza (= enclosed place) in Avesta (oldest recorded language of the Iranian branch of Indo-European), made up of (pair- = around) + (daêza = wall)

From British: Cornish paradhis (= paradise), Breton paradoz (= paradise)

From the same Latin root in the Hibernian languages: Irish parthas (= paradise) , Manx Pargeys (= paradise)

:_______________________________.

paraffanalia ‹pa ra fa NAL ya› (plural noun)
1 paraphenalia

:_______________________________.

páraffin ‹PA ra fin› (masculine noun)
1 parafin

:_______________________________.

páragraff, paragraffau ‹PA ra graf, pa ra GRA fe› (masculine noun)
1 paragraph

:_______________________________.

paratói ‹pa ra TOI› (verb)
1 prepare

:_______________________________.

parc, parciau ‹PARK, PARK ye› (masculine noun)
1 park

2 ceidwad y parc ‹keid wad ə PARK›
park keeper

3 parc thema theme park

4 “Parc” is used in (very unfortunate) pseudo-Welsh forms given to street names and estates instead of English “park”.

For example, “Pant Glas Parc”, Llandeilo (county of Caerfyrddin).
However, this is an English word order. In Welsh parc comes at the beginning of the phrase.
It would be “Parc-y-pant-glas / Parc-pant-glas” in Welsh; and properly in English “Pant-glas Park”, with a “k”)

Other examples:

..a/ ”Crymlyn Parc”, in Y Sgiwen (should be Parc-crymlyn / Parc Crymlyn)

..b/ “Graigwen Parc” in Y Graig-wen (ST0690), Pont-y-pridd (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (should be Parc-y-graig-wen / Parc-graig-wen / Parc y Graig-wen / Parc Graig-wen)

..c/ “Glan y Don Parc”, Amlwch (county of Ynys Môn) (should be Parc-glan-y-don / Parc Glan-don)

..d/ “Llanfaes Parc”, Biwmaris (county of Ynys Môn) (should be Parc-llan-faes / Parc Llan-faes)

..d/ “Moel Parc” in Y Fflint (county of Y Fflint) (should be Parc-y-moel / Parc y Moel)

5 Parc yr Arfau the Arms Park in Caer-dydd., “Cardiff Arms Park” - a rugby ground

parc cefn gwald country park – a countryside area close to a built-up area to give town-dwellers and city-dwellers an easily accessible rural environment

:_______________________________.

parca, parcas ‹PAR ka, PAR kas› (masculine noun)
1 parka

:_______________________________.

Parc Buddug ‹park bî -dhig› masculine noun
1 public park in Caer-dydd

ETYMOLOGY: translation of the English name “Victoria Park”

:_______________________________.

Parcbuddug ‹park bî -dhig› feminine noun
1 district in the city of Caer-dydd

ETYMOLOGY: See the previous entry
NOTE: strictly speaking, district names are written as a single word – hence Parcbuddug

:_______________________________.

parc busnes, parciau busnes ‹park BI snes, park ye BI snes› (masculine noun)
1 business park

:_______________________________.

Parcbychan ‹park- bə -khan›
1 street name, Glynebwy (county of Blaenau Gwent)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘little field’ (parc = field) + (bychan = little)

:_______________________________.

parc ceir, parciau ceir ‹park KEIR, park ye KEIR› (masculine noun)
1 car park

:_______________________________.

parcdir ‹park-dir› masculine noun
PLURAL parcdiroedd ‹park-dî-rodh›
1 parkland (grassland with trees here and there)

ETYMOLOGY: literal translation of the English word parkland (parc = field) + soft mutation + (tir = land)

:_______________________________.

parcffordd ‹park-fordh› feminine noun
PLURAL parcffyrdd ‹park -firdh›› ›
1 parkway, parkland avenue; wide road with trees planted alongside
y barcffordd the parkway

ETYMOLOGY: literal translation of the English word parkway (parc = field) + (ffordd = road, way)

:_______________________________.

parch ‹PARKH› (masculine noun)
1 respect = acceptance, obedience
parch at y gyfraith respect for the law

2 respect, reverence; an attitude of admiration or esteem
o barch at out of respect for
ennyn parch command respect
gyda phob parch i chi with all due respect

3 parch at... respect for
Does ganddo ddim parch at neb He has no respect for anybody
o barch at out of respect for

:_______________________________.

parch. = parchedig ‹par KHE dig› (abbreviation)
1 Written short form for Parchedig; Y Parch Jon Hywel = the Reverend Jon Hywel

:_______________________________.

parchedig ‹par KHE dig› (adjective)
1 respected

:_______________________________.

parcio ‹PARK yo› (verb)
1 to park (a car, etc)
2 cloc parcio parking meter (“clock (of) parking”)

:_______________________________.

Parc-moel-lus ‹park-moil- liis ›
1 street name in Penmaen-mawr (county of Conwy) (“Parc Moel Lus”)

ETYMOLOGY: (”(the) field (at) Moel Lus”) Moel Lus is apparently (I’ve investigated the history of the name) “(the) hill (of) the whinberries” (moel = bare rounded hill) + soft mutation + (llus = whinberries)

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Parcydelyn ‹pak-ə- dê -lin›
1 street name in Caerfyrddin (spelt “Parcydelyn” - i.e. correctly)

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) field (of) the harp”, harp-shaped field, triangular field (parc = field) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (telyn = harp)

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Parc y Faenol ‹park ə vei -nol›
1 locality in the county of Gwynedd
English name: Vaynol Park

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) park (of) Y Faenol”, i.e.the park beloging to the mansion called Y Faenol
(parc = field) + (Y Faenol name of a mansion)

Y Faenol is (y definite article) + soft mutation + (maenol, a northern form of maenor = house of the district chief)

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Parcyfelin ‹park-ə-VEE-lin›
1 locality in the county of Caerffili

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) field (of) the mill” (parc = field) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (melin = mill)

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parddu ‹PAR dhi› (masculine noun)
1 soot
y pair yn gweiddi parddu ar y pentan (“the cauldron shouting soot to the fireplace”) the pot calling the kettle black - said of someone who criticises another for something which the critic is equally guilty of

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pardwn? ‹PAR dun› (phrase)
1 pardon?

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pared, parwydydd ‹PAA-red, pa-RUID-idh› (feminine noun)
1 partition wall
y bared the wall

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parháu ‹par HAI› (verb)
1 continue

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parháus ‹par HAIS› (adjective)
1 continuing

dinas barhaus a continuing city
Hebreaid 13.14 Canys nid oes i ni yma ddinas barhaus, eithr un i ddyfod yr ym ni yn ei disgwyl.
Hebrews 13:14 For here have we no continuing city, but we seek one to come.

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Parïaid ‹pa-RII-aid. -ed›
1 Y Parïaid The Parris, the Parri family, the Parrys; plural of the surname Parri. According to Welsh spelling rules, an original double ‘r’ (rr) becomes single (r) when initial in the penult

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parlament ‹parl la--ment› masculine noun
PLURAL parlamentau ‹par-la-men-te›
1 (obsolete) parliament

ETYMOLOGY: < French parlement (= parliament; discussion) (possibly a direct borrowing; if not, then via English)

< (parler = to talk)

< Medieval Latin parabolâre

< (parabola = speech) < (parabola = comparison) < Greek (parabôle = analogy) < (paraballein = throw next to); (para = near, next to) + (ballein = to throw)

NOTE: A variant is parlament (qv)

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parlment ‹parl -ment› masculine noun
1 (obsolete) parliament; variant of parlament

Occurs in a place name Coed y Parlment (“Parliament Wood”) in Caer-dydd, noted by John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911)

(“COED-Y-PARLMENT (parliament wood.) On the Pant-bach brook in the parish of Llanedern, on the northern municipal boundary of Cardiff”)

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parlwr, parlyrau ‹PAR lur, par LƏ re› (masculine noun)
1 parlour
2 parlwr angladdau funeral parlour

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Y Parlwr Du ‹ə PAR-lur DII› (masculine noun)
1 A sandy point in the county of Y Fflint. It is the northernmost extent of the Welsh landmass (Ynys Môn, the island of Anglesey, extends further north than Y Parlwr Du).

For 113 years (1883-1996), a colliery operated here, of which no trace remains today
Glofa'r Parlwr Du The Point of Ayr Colliery

Goleudy’r Parlwr Du Name of an old lighthouse in use for for 68 years (1776-1844) (Point of Ayr Lighthouse).

(delw 7441)

ETYMOLOGY: y parlwr du, “the black parlour”

(y = definite article) + (parlwr = parlour) + (du = black)

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parlwr tylino ‹ par-lur tə-lî-no › masculine noun
PLURAL parlyrau tylino ‹ par-lə-ne tə-lî-no›

1 massage parlour; usually in fact such a place is a brothel
Plediodd yn euog i gyhuddiad o reoli puteiniaid mewn parlyrau tylino yn y ddinas
She pleaded guilty to a charge of controlling prostitutes in massage parlours in the city

ETYMOLOGY: a calque on English “massage parlour” (parlwr = parlour) + (tylino = to knead (dough); to massage)

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parlyrau ‹par-lə-re›
1 parlours; plural of parlwr

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parlysu ‹par LƏ si› (verb)
1 paralyse, petrify, immobilise through fear
bod wedi’ch parlysu gan ofn be paralysed with fear, be petrified, be frozen with fear,

sefyll fel un wedi delwi freeze with fear (“stand like someone after petrifying / after becoming petrified”, someone who has petrified”)

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parod ‹PA rod› (adjective)
1 ready

2 bod yn barod i’r seilam be a mental case, be certifiable, be a lunatic, be a candidate for the lunatic asylum (“be ready for the asylum”)

3 ateb parod reply made in a flash

4 Dyma fi’n barod bellach I’m ready now (“you-see-here me ready now”)

5 arian parod (“ready money”)
talu ag arian parod pay cash

6 ffisig parod patent medicine

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parodd ‹PAA rodh› (verb)
1 he / she / it caused
Preterite of peri (= to cause)
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parot, parotiaid ‹PA rot, pa ROT yed› (masculine noun)
1 parrot

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parsel, parseli / parselau ‹PAR sel, par SE li / par SE le› (masculine noun)
1 parcel, package

2 a parcel of land

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Y Parselcanol ‹par-sel-ka-nol›
1 SN 6381 locality in Ceredigion, south-west Wales
2 a parish at this place

ETYMOLOGY: “the middle parcel (of land)” (y = the) + (parsel = parcel) + (canol = middle)

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parth, parthau ‹PARTH, PAR the› (masculine noun)
1 part
yn y parthau hyn in this part of the world, in this area

2 region
y Deheubarth the South

3 (South-east) hearth
iaith y parth the home language, the language spoken by the family
Y Gymraeg oedd iaith y parth gyda ni We spoke Welsh in our house

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parthenw ‹parth-e –nu› masculine noun
PLURAL parthenwau ‹parth-en –we›
1 domain name – a name which locates an organisation on the internet e.g. (www.estelnet.com)

Gallem hefyd brynu parthenwau megis .com neu .co.uk ar eich rhan a chyfeirio'r URL i'ch safle. (Quoted from “GweFus” website) We can also buy domain names such as .com or .co.uk in your behalf and direct the URL to your site

ETYMOLOGY: (parth = region, domain) + (enw = name)

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parthlen ‹parth –len› masculine noun
PLURAL parthlenni ‹parth- le -ni›
1 map (nineteenth-century neologism not used in present-day Welsh; the modern word is map)

ETYMOLOGY: (parth = region) + soft mutation + (llen = sheet of paper)

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parti, partïon ‹PAR ti, par TI on› (masculine noun)
1 party

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partïon ‹par TI on› (plural noun)
1 plural of parti

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parwydwydd ‹pa RUI duidh› (plural noun)
1 plural of pared

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pasa ‹pa -sa› verb
1 Meirionnydd, district in the county of Gwynedd aphetic form of pwrpasa = to intend

Dwi'n pasa rhoi'r gore iddi leni achos mae'n ormod o waith
I intend to give it up this year because it's too much work

NOTE: also pasu, < pwrpasu, a form equivalent to pwrpasa

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Y Pasg ‹PASK› (masculine noun)
1 Easter
2 ysgol Basg Easter school, Easter conference

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pasg- ‹pask› verb
1 stem of the verb pesgi = to fatten (first person present-future = pasgaf)

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Y Pasg Bychan ‹pask bə-khan› masculine noun

1 Low Sunday = Sunday after Easter Sunday

2 Low Week = the week after Easter Week
Llun y Pasg Bychan Hock Monday = Monday after Easter Monday

ETYMOLOGY: “the little Easter”
(y = the) + (Pasg = Easter) + (Bychan = little )

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pasgedig ‹pa- skê -dig› (adjective)
1 (Bible) fattened
y llo pasgedig = the fattened calf

Eseia 25:6 Ac Arglwydd y lluoedd a wna i’r holl bobloedd yn y mynydd hwn wledd o besgedigion, gwledd o loyw-win; o basgedigion breision, a gloyw-win puredig
Isaiah 25:6 And in this mountain shall the lord of hosts make unto all people a feast of fat things, a feast of wine on the lees, of fat things full of marrow, of wine on the lees well refined

2 (person) fat, well-fed
dynion pasgedig, boliog fat big-bellied men

3 (m) pasgedig plural pasgedigion fatling, animal fattened for slaughter

ETYMOLOGY: (pasg- stem of the verb pesgi - first person present-future = pasgaf) + (-edig suffix for forming a past participle adjective)

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pasio ‹PAS yo› (verb)
1 pass
2 pasio arian ffug pass forged money

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pasport, pasportiau ‹PA sport, pa SPORT ye› (masculine noun)
1 passport

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past ‹past › masculine noun
PLURAL pastau ‹pa -ste›

Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia La Web de Gal·les i Catalunya The Wales-Catalonia Website Y Gwe-eiriadur An Internet dictionary of Welsh for speakers of English

Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia
La Web de Gal·les i Catalunya
The Wales-Catalonia Website

Y Gwe-eiriadur
An Internet dictionary of Welsh for speakers of English