kimkat1735e A Welsh to English Dictionary in
scroll-down format. Geiriadur Cymraeg a Saesneg ar fformat sgrolio-i-lawr.
11-09-2020
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● ● ● ● kimkat1818e Cyfeirddalen y geiriadur hwn /
Index to the online dictionary
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_mynegai_1818e.htm
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brâc <BRAAK> [brɑːk]
PLURAL braciau, brâcs <BRAK-yai, -ye, BRAAKS> [ˡbrakjaɪ, -jɛ, brɑːks]
1 brake
rhoi’r brâc put on the brake
gollwng y brâc release the brake
ETYMOLOGY: English brake 1700+ < Dutch. Related to
English break (= fracture)
:_______________________________ .
Bracla <BRAK-la> [ˡbrakla]
1 locality in Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (SS9279) 11% Welsh-speakers (2001)
(delwedd 3197)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS9279
map
:_______________________________ .
bracty <BRAK-ti> [ˡbraktɪ] masculine
noun
PLURAL bractai <BRAK-tai> [ˡbraktaɪ]
A variant form is bragdy, PLURAL bragdai
1 malthouse, malting = a building where malt is made (malt
= a grain such as barley dried in a kiln after being soaked until it
germinates)
2
brewery, malthouse = place for making beer
3
brewery = brewery company
4 in
field names, street names:
a/ There is a street called Y
Bracty / The Maltings in Bryncethin (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr /
Bridgend)
b/ Cwrt
Bracty is a street in Aber-big, by Abertyleri (cwrt y bracty
= the court of the brewery, brewery court) (On the street sign as Cwrt Bracty /
Brewery Court) (Google Maps 27-02-2017)
c/ Cae Bracty,
a street in Yr Wyddgrug / Mold, Sir y Fflint / Flintshire (=
cae’r bracty, = (the) field (of) the brewery,
i.e. brewery field)
d/
In Llanfihangel Llantarnam / (name used in English: Llantarnam) there is
a Lôn y Bracty (lôn y bracty = the lane of the
brewery, brewery lane) (or at least, it occurs on street signs as Malthouse
Lane / Lôn y Bracty) (Google Maps 08-07-2016)
The
variant bragdy also occurs in street names:
e/
There is a field called Cae Nesaf Bragdy in Rhos-cefn-hir, Ynys
Môn / Isle of Anglesey (= cae nesa’r bragdy = (the) field
/ next-to / the / brewery)
f/ Bragdy, a street in Aber-ffraw, Ynys Môn / Isle of Anglesey (= y
bragdy = (the) brewery)
g/ Heol y Bragdy street
in Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen (in English, “Brewery Road”)
h/ Stryd y Bragdy is the
Welsh name of Brewer Street, Aberystwyth (= (the) street (of) the brewery, i.e.
brewery street)
i/ Caerbragdy in
Caerffili (= cae’r bragdy, = (the) field (of) the brewery, i.e. brewery field)
5 In North
Wales a variant of bracty is barty.
ETYMOLOGY: (brag- stem of bragu = to malt, to brew) + soft
mutation + (ty =
house) > brágdy > bracty
See also: bragdy
:_______________________________ .
brad <BRAAD> [braːd] masculine
noun
PLURAL bradau <BRAA-dai, -de> [ˡbraˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 treachery, treason
uchel frad high treason
2 act
of treachery
gweithred o frad act of treachery
3 Pant y Brad “treason hollow”, geographical
feature in Tonyrefail (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(pant = hollow) + (y = definite article) + (brad =
treason)
This same name as a street name in Tonyrefail (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf):
Pant-y-brad (the elements of settlement names are written together as a
single word)
(though misspelt in the official form as “Pantybrad”)
See the chapter “Pant y Brad” on page 69 of Hanes Tonyrefail (The History of
Tonyrefail) / Thomas Morgan (Caer-dydd 1899) / at http://kimkat.org/amryw/1_testunau/sion_prys_013_hanes_tonyrefail_01_1288ke.htm
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *brat- < Celtic *mrat-
From the same British root: Cornish braz (= plot, trap, pitfall,
ambush), Breton barad (= treason)
Irish: brath (= betrayal, spying; perception, feeling)
:_______________________________ .
bradu <BRAA-di> [ˡbraˑdɪ] verb
1 waste
bradu arian waste money
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh bradu < ’fradu < afradu
This is (afrad = misfortune) + (-u = suffix).
The word afrad is made up of two components: ‘af-rad’ (af-
= negative prefix) + soft mutation + (rhad = grace).
1) The falling away of a pretonic first syllable is common in Welsh - afradu
> ’fradu.
Compare Nadolig > ’Dolig (= Christmas), esgidiau >
sgidie (= shoes), etc
2) The initial f [v] of ’fradu has been misunderstood as being the soft
mutation of [b] . This has resulted in a new radical form bradu
The exact same sequence is to be seen in northern Welsh blêr < ’flêr
< aflêr (= untidy).
NOTE: South-east Wales Bradu here is said as bratu
(BRAA-ti) [ˡbraˑtɪ]
The change d > t at the beginning of the final syllable is
typical of this dialect: cadair > catar (= chair), adar > atar (= birds),
etc)
:_______________________________ .
bradwr <BRAA-dur> [ˡbraˑdʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL bradwyr <BRAD-wir> [ˡbradwɪr]
1 traitor; North Wales traitor; rat, ratter,
snitch, betrayer
carn-fradwr arrant traitor
troi'n fradwr turn traitor
troi'n fradwr i (rywun) turn traitor (on somebody), rat (on somebody),
betray (somebody)
2 North
Wales scab, blackleg, strikebreaker; person who works when his fellow
workers are on strike
y
gwrthdaro rhwng y streicwyr a’r bradwyr yn Streic Fawr y Penrhyn, a barodd o 1900 hyd 1903 the conflict between strikers and blacklegs in the Great Stike at Penrhyn
which lasted from 1900 until 1903
ETYMOLOGY: (brad-, stem of bradu = betray) + (-u suffix)
:_______________________________ .
bradwriaeth <bra-DUR-yaith, -yeth> [braˡdʊrjaiɵ, -jɛɵ] feminine noun
1 treason, treachery
Bradwriaeth
Ffraingc a Phrwssia (= Bradwriaeth Ffrainc a Phrwsia in modern
spelling)
(03-08-1870 Baner ac Amserau Cymru)
the treachery of France and Prussia
ETYMOLOGY:
(bradwr = traitor) + (-i-aeth suffix)
:_______________________________ .
bradwrus (bra-DUU-ris)
[braˡduˑrɪs] adjective
1 treacherous
Y
Cyfaill Bradwrus: Neu Ymdrechfa Rhwng Twyll A Gwirionedd
(novel in instalments in Baner ac Amserau Cymru, 1870) = the treahcerous
friend, or a struggle between deceit and truth
ETYMOLOGY: (bradwr = traitor) + (-us suffix)
:_______________________________ .
bradychu <bra-DƏ-khi> [braˡdəxɪ] verb
1 betray
Byffŵn o Gymro a fradychodd ei famwlad A Welsh buffon who betrayed
his mother country
bradychu’r achos betray the cause
Judas
yn bradychu’r Iesu Judas betraying Christ
2
betray, give away = reveal, inadvertently reveal
ein gwefusau cochliw yn bradychu'r ffaith ein bod wedi bwyta
llus
our red lips betraying the fact that we had eaten bilberries
3 North
Wales scab (on one's fellow workers)
bradychu ei gyd-chwarelwyr scab
on his fellow quarrymen
ETYMOLOGY: bradychu < bredychu (brad = treachery) + (-ychu).
The vowel y caused the change a > e in the preceding syllable.
The modern form however has a instead of original e owing to the
influence of brad (= treachery), bradwr (= traitor)
:_______________________________ .
braen <BRAIN> [braɪn] verb (adjective)
1 putrid, rotten
A
rhyngthynt tiriondeb y ddaear fraen and between them y putrid Earth
Y Parthenon. L. Haydn Lewis. Ton-Pentre. Y Fflam / Cyfrol 1, Rhif 2. Calanmai
1947
2 ceulfran
curds; cottage cheese
(ceul-
= penult form of caul = curds) + soft mutation + (braen = rotten,
putrid) ceul fraen
(if the word is analysed as if it is a compound formed in modern Welsh)
The
word is extant in South-west Wales, in the form colfran < coulfraen
(Unusually
here there is penult ou > o, final ae > a; in the south-west, final ae
> e would be expected; in the south-east final ‘a’ is usual, ae > e >
a).
Coulfraen is
an older form of ceulfraen; in older Welsh eu was ou, and
this has been maintained in the spoken Welsh of the south, though in the
rest of the country penult ou > eu, non-penult ou > eu > au.
:_______________________________ .
braenar <BRƏI-nar> [ˡbrəinar] masculine noun
PLURAL braenarau (brəi-NAA-re)
[ˡbrəinaˑrɛ]
1 fallow land = land ploughed and left unsown in order to
kill weeds
bod yn fraenar lie fallow
Mae’r tir yn fraenar eleni
2
cattle disease which causes them to eat unusual objects, substances - soil,
stones, drying clothes
3
unnatural hunger, ferocious hunger
Roedd y ddau fachgen wedi bwyta fel petai branar arnyn nhw
The two boys ate as if there was “an unnatural hunger on them”
ETYMOLOGY: The element braen may be related to bryn (= hill), and
bron (= breast, hill).
But according to Joan Coramines (ZCP 25 1956 p49) “braenar,
a fallow field, coming from an older BRAKNA-RO < BRAKNO 'rotten', which
comes in turn from the IE root MRK- 'mire','humid thing'... braña,
already attested in the 8th century and usual in Galicia, Northern Portugal,
Asturias and Santander, means 'a swampy or boggy place, a humid meadow'. It
reappears in Northwestern Catalonia in the form 'braina' meaning 'a field of
cereals whose ears have not yet formed’... It is clear that 'braña' comes...
from a Celtic BRAKNA 'humid meadow' ”
In other Celtic languages: Breton: breinar (= fallow land), Irish: branar
(= fallow land)
NOTE: A variant of braenar is branar [brâ-nar] . It occurs in the place name Mynydd Branar
(“highland of the fallow”), near Dolwen, Baecolwyn
(county of Conwy)
Another is brynar.
English-Welsh Dictionary, Rev. John Walters, Rector of Llandough,
Glamorganshire. (Volume 1: 3rd edition, 1828). Fallow, fallow-ground
or fallow-field [in Husbandry] Braenar (vulgò branar, brynar)
:_______________________________ .
braenaru <brəi-NAA-ri> [ˡbrəɪnaˑrɪ] verb
1 leave (land) fallow
Yr oedd cae’r gwaelod wedi ei fraenaru ers
blynyddoedd the field at the bottom had been left fallow
for many years
2 braenaru'r tir ar gyfer (rhywbeth) pave
the way for (sth) (“leave the land fallow for”)
ETYMOLOGY:
(braenar = fallow land ) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________ .
braf ‹BRAAV› [braːv] (adjective)
1 splendid
2 (weather) fine, sunny
tywydd
braf fine weather
3 cael
lle braf get a cushy job (“get a fine place”)
ETYMOLOGY:
English brave (in an older sense of ‘fine’)
A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady: to which
is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837: “BRAVE,
adj. insignia, egregius, eminently fine; said also of a person in good health.”
:_______________________________ .
brag ‹BRAAG› [braːg] masculine noun
PLURAL bragau <BRAA-gai, -ge> [ˡbraˑgaɪ, -ɛ]
1 malt = grain made ready for brewing
bracty malthouse,
place to germinate grains; brewery
brag gwenith malt made from wheat grain
bragwr (qv) maltster, brewer
bregyn a grain of malt
cerwyn frag / cerwyni
brag mash tub / mash tubs
cwrw brag barley-malt beer
gwneud brag to malt (vi) (‘make malt’)
odyn frag malt kiln
troi’n frag (seeds) to malt (‘turn (into) malt’)
2 brag gwlyb mash
= mixture of mashed malt grains and hot water from which malt is extracted
mwydo
brag to liquor malt
trwytho brag to liquor malt
3 dŵr brag liquid from mash
4 clwyd frag hurdle
for drying malt on
5 finegr brag malt vinegar
llaeth â brag malted milk
torth frag / torthau brag malt loaf / malt loaves
wisgi brag malt whisky
6 See
bragu (= to brew), bragwr (brewer), bracty (= brewery), bragdy
(= brewery)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh brag < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish brag (= malt)
From the same Celtic root: Irish braich (= malt)
Cf Latin marcor (= putrefaction)
:_______________________________
.
bragdy ‹BRAG-di› [bragdɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL bragdai <BRAg-da> [ˡbragdaɪ]
1
brewery. See bracty.
:_______________________________ .
bragu <BRAA-gi> [ˡbraˑgɪ] verb
1 brew
2 malt = produce malt
ETYMOLOGY: (brag = malt) + (-wr suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________ .
bragwr <BRAA-gur> [ˡbraˑgʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL bragwyr <BRA-gwir} [ˡbragwɪr]
1
brewer
2 y bragwyr the
brewers, the brewery companies
ETYMOLOGY: (brag = malt) + (-wr agent suffix)
:_______________________________ .
braich <BRAIKH> [braɪx]
PLURAL: breichiau <BRƏIKH yai, -ye> [ˡbrəɪxjai, -jɛ] (feminine noun)
1 arm
y fraich = the arm
2 fraich
ym mraich <vraikh ə MRAIKH> [vraɪxəˡmraɪx] (adverb) arm
in arm
3
nerth braich ac ysgwydd <nerth BRAIKH ag Ə-skuidh> [nɛrθ ˡbraɪx ag ˡəskʊɪð] (adverb) with
all one's might “(the) strength (of) arm and shoulder”
4
(South Wales) naill fraich = one-armed
5 unfraich
one-armed
un fraich (un = un) + soft mutation + ( braich =
arm)
:_______________________________ .
Braid <BRAID> [braɪd] (feminine
noun)
1 woman saint
2 Llansanffráid <lhan-san-FRAID> [ɬansanˡfraɪd] (place names
- church of saint Braid)
:_______________________________ .
braidd <BRAIDH> [braɪð] adverb
1 hardly, scarcely
braidd byth hardly ever
2
almost, nearly
braidd neb almost nobody (qv)
braidd dim almost nothing (qv)
3 rather, somewhat, kind of; braidd yn + adjective
braidd
yn hwyr <braidh ən
HUIR> [braɪð ən ˡhʊɪr] (adverb)
rather late
Ma hi braidd yn oer allan heddiw It’s fairly cold out today
Mae’n ymddangos braidd yn anhygoel It seems hard to believe
(b) also after an adjective: oer braidd fairly cold
3 o'r braidd hardly, scarcely, barely
O’r braidd ’mod i’n eich nabod I hardly know you
O’r braidd rw i’n eich nabod I hardly know you
O’r braidd y medr hi ddarllen She’s scarcely able to read, she can
hardly read
O’r braidd ’mod i’n meddwl am un dim arall I hardly think of anything
else
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh braidd < British; the equivalent word in Breton is bre
(= pain, difficulty, effort) < *brez
:_______________________________ .
braidd ddim <braidh DHIM> [braɪð ˡðɪm] pronom
1 hardly anything, hardly any
Does gen i braidd ddim ar ôl I’ve got hardly any left
ETYMOLOGY: (braidd = hardly, scarcely; almost, nearly) + (dim =
anything, nothing)
:_______________________________ .
braidd neb <braidh NEEB> [braɪð ˡneːb] pronom
1 hardly anyone
Ddaeth braidd neb hardly anybody came
Fu yno braidd neb ddoe there was hardly anybody there yesterday
ETYMOLOGY: (braidd = hardly, scarcely; almost, nearly) + (neb =
somebody, nobody)
:_______________________________ .
brain <BRAIN> [braɪn] (npl)
1 crows; see brân
:_______________________________ .
braint, PLURAL:
breintiau <BRAINT, BREINT-yai, -ye> [braɪnt, ˡbrəɪntjaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 privilege
y fraint = the privilege
2 hawlio braint claim a privilege
:_______________________________ .
bran <BRAN> [bran] (masculine
noun)
1 bran
:_______________________________ .
brân, PLURAL:
brain <BRAAN, BRAIN> [brɑːn,braɪn] (feminine
noun)
1 crow
y frân = the crow
2 traed
brain crows’ feet
Mae ganddo ysgrifen fel traed brain His writing is a scrawl (“he has
handwriting like crows’ feet”)
3 Tinddu
medd y frân wrth y wylan the pot
calling the kettle black (“black-arse said the crow to the seagull”)
4 Gwyn y gwêl y frân ei chyw
“(it is) white that the crow sees her chick”
Mothers can never believe that their offspring may be less than honourable and
angelic; a mother believes her child can do no wrong
5 Mae hi’n ddigon oer i rewi brain
It’s freezing cold (“cold enough to freeze
crows” – ‘o turn into ice’ rhew = ice)
(South) Mae hi’n ddigon oer i sythu brain freezing cold (“cold enough to freeze crows” sythu = ‘straighten’ /
‘make rigid’ / ‘stiffen’ / freeze stiff’ )
:_______________________________ .
brandy <BRAN-di> [ˡbrandɪ] masculine
noun
1 Epenthetic form of ebrandy (=
place where fodder is kept )
There
is a street name Brandy in Johnstown, county of
Wrecsam.
In
Pontyberem (county of Caerfyrddin) there is Heol y Brandy.
ETYMOLOGY:
(ebran = fodder) + soft mutation + (ty^ = house) > ebrandy >
’brandy
:_______________________________ .
brân dyddyn, PLURAL: brain tyddyn <braan-DƏ-dhin,
brain-TƏ-dhin> [brɑːn ˡdəðɪn, braɪn
ˡtəðɪn] (feminine noun)
1 carrion crow (“smallholding crow”)
:_______________________________ .
brân goesgoch, PLURAL:
brain
coesgoch <braan
GOIS-kokh, brain-KOIS-kokh> [brɑːn
ˡgɔɪskɔx, braɪn ˡkɔɪskɔx] (feminine
noun)
1 chough (“redlegged crow”)
:_______________________________ .
Branwen <BRAN-wen> [ˡbranwɛn] (feminine
noun)
1 woman's name
2 second of the stories of the Mabinogi
:_______________________________ .
bras (1) <BRAAS> [brɑːs] adjective
PLURAL breision <BREIS-yon> [ˡbrəɪsjɔn]
1 (land) fertile, lush, fat
gwlad fras fertile country
Gwelem yr afon fawr yn dirwyn drwy y
dyffryn bras
We could see the big river meandering through the lush valley
2
(grassland) lush = luxuriant, abundant
symud i feysydd
brasach move on to more profitable areas
porféydd breision rich
pastures, lush pastures, abundant grassland; figurative meaning - wealthy
situation
3
(salary) fat, big, plentiful
Enillent gyflogau breision o'r BBC
They were earning fat salaries from the BBC
4
replete, full
(Apocrypha) Ecclesiasticus 35:6 Y mae offrwm y duwiol yn gwneuthur yr allor yn
fras, a'i arogl peraidd ef sy gerbron y Goruchaf.
(Apocrypha) Ecclesiasticus 35:6 The
offering of the righteous maketh the altar fat, and the sweet savour thereof is
before the most High.
bras o replete with, full of
I ffwrdd â ni drwy ddyffryn
prydferth Conwy - dyffryn
bras o hanes ein gwlad
Off we went through the beautiful valley of the Conwy - a
valley replete with the history of our country
5 rough,
approximate, broad, non-detailed, general, non-specific
bras
amcan rough estimate, round estimate, broad estimate,
approximation
ar fras amcan at a rough estimate, at a rough guess
Bydd cost y daith, ar fras amcan, rywle rhwng £800 a £1,000
(wyth gant o bunnau a mil o bunnau)
The price of the trip will be, at a rough guess, between £800 and £1,000
disgrifiad
bras rough description
yn fras superficially, in broad outline, in rough detail
mesuriadau breision / mesuriadau bras rough dimensions, rough
measurements
braslun rough sketch, draft
syniad bras a rough idea, a crude idea, an approximate idea, a broad
idea
cyfieithiad bras rough translation
Wel
dyna hi'r stori'n fras am hen chwarel y pentra Well that's
the story in rough detail about the old village quarry
map
bras sketch map, rough map, simplified map
6
(crop) fat
Tes Gorffennaf, ydau brasaf (saying) heat of July, fat cereal crops
(‘fattest cereals’)
7
(harvest) fat, abundant
cael cynhaeaf bras reap a rich harvest (also figurative: make oneself
rich from some activity)
8 byd
bras comfortable life
cael byd bras lead a
comfortable life
9 South-west
Wales (people) snooty, haughty, person full of his / her own importance
Mae e’n un bras He’s full of his own importance
Mae hi’n un fras She’s full of her own importance
10 North
Wales coarse, vulgar, rank
siarad yn fras talk in a vulgar manner, speak coarsely, use bad language
geirfa fras coarse vocabulary
siarad bras use of vulgar expressions
iaith fras coarse language, rude language, swearing
11 (powder,
flour, gravel, etc) coarse = in larger particles than is usual, not fine
blawd gwenith wedi ei falu'n fras wheat flour coarsely milled
tywodyn bras grain of
gravel
graean bras shingle
12 (cloth)
coarse, rough = not fine
brethyn bras coarse cloth
barclod bras apron made of coarse cloth
13
(wool, brush, etc) coarse = not fine
gwlân bras coarse wool
brwsh bras coarse brush
baco bras coarse tobacco
pren bras ei raen coarse-grained wood
edau fras coarse thread
14 Fishing
pysgodyn bras coarse fish
(= freshwater fish which is not a member of the salmon family)
pysgota
bras coarse fishing
15 obsolete
(person, animal) stout, fat;
Found in epithets in medieval Welsh
Adda
Fras Stout Adam, Fat Adam
Dafydd Fras Stout David, Fat David (modern
Welsh would be Dafydd Dew)
Eseia 11:6 a'r blaidd a drig gyda'r oen, a'r llewpart a orwedd gyda'r myn; y
llo hefyd, a chenau y llew, a'r anifail bras, fyddant ynghyd, a
bachgen bychan a'u harwain Isaiah 11:6 The wolf also shall
dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf
and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead
them.
16 gogor
bras coarse sieve (= sieve with large holes)
17 glo
bras large coal, coal in big lumps
18
(meat) fatty, having a lot of fat, not lean
cig bras fatty meat
asen fras rib with a lot of fat
ffrio sleisen o gig moch gwyn a bras to
fry a slice of white fatty pork
19
(North Wales) (sea) rough
20 as a plural noun (breision) =
fattened animals
Salmau 66:15 Offrymaf i ti boethoffrymau breision, ynghŷd ag
arogl-darth hyrddod; aberthaf ychen a bychod. Sela.
Psalms 66:15 I will offer unto thee burnt sacrifices of fatlings, with the
incense of rams; I will offer bullocks with goats. Selah.
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
from the same British root: Cornish bras (= big), Breton bras (=
big);
Irish bras (a literary word; = great, strong; swift) . The Celtic word is related to
Latin grossus (= big)
NOTE: breision (plural form): (bras) + (plural suffix -ion,
which causes affection of the preceding vowel a > ei
:_______________________________ .
bras (2) <braas> [brɑːs] (masculine
noun)
1 (bird) bunting
bras penddu (Emberiza melanocephela) black-headed bunting
:_______________________________ .
brasgamu <bras-KA-mi> [brasˡkamɪ] (verb)
1 stride
:_______________________________ .
braslun <BRAS-lin> [ˡbraslɪn] masculine
noun
PLURAL brasluniau
<bras-LIN-yai, -ye> [brasˡlɪnjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 outline, sketch, draft, rough plan
2 braslun
gyrfa (“sketch (of) career) curriculum vitae, CV
ETYMOLOGY: (bras = rough, general, not detailed) + soft mutation + (llun
= picture)
:_______________________________ .
brat, PLURAL:
bratiau <BRAT, BRAT-yai, -ye> [ˡbrat, ˡbratjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1 apron
:_______________________________ .
brath, PLURAL:
brathau <BRAATH, BRAA-thai, -e> [ˡbrɑːθ, ˡbrɑˑθaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1 bite
2 gwaeth
eich cyfarth na’ch brath your bark is worse than your bite; a person’s
angry words are worse than any action he may do, a person can be very angry but
he won’t really carry out any threats he makes
(she) gwaeth ei chyfarth na’i brath
(he) gwaeth ei gyfarth na’i frath
(gwaeth = worse) + (eich = your) + (cyfarth = bark) + (na
= than) + (eich) + (brath = bite)
:_______________________________ .
brathu <BRAA-thi> [ˡbrɑˑθɪ] (verb)
1 (vt) to bite
Cas gan gath y ci a’i bratho Once bitten twice shy
(“(it is) hateful with a cat the dog which may bite it”)
brathu’ch
tafod bite your tongue (= refrain from saying something that
you would like to say)
brathu’r
gaseg wen (‘bite the white mare’) butt into a converstaion with an
irrelevant or silly comment
2 (vt) stab
brathodd y gyllell yn ei goes he stabbed the knife into his leg
3 (vt) insert,
put in
4
(fish) (vi) bite (= take the bait)
aros nes bod y pysgod yn brathu wait until the fish bite
(vt)
bite = take (the bait)
Yr
oedd y pysgod heb frathu’r abwyd the fish hadn’t bitten the bait
:_______________________________ .
brau <BRAI> [braɪ] (adjective)
1 brittle
2 helygen frau (helyg
brau) (Salix fragilis var fragilis)
crack willow or brittle willow
:_______________________________ .
braw <BRAU> [braʊ] (masculine
noun)
1 shock, fright
Daeth arnynt fraw disymwyth A sudden fright took them (“it-came on them
a-fright sudden”).
:_______________________________ .
brawd, PLURAL: brodyr <BRAUD,
BROO-dir> [braʊd, ˡbroˑdɪr] (masculine
noun)
1 brother
2 Frodyr!
Brothers! soft mutation of brodyr; the
mutation indicates a vocative use
Philipiaid 4:8 Yn ddiwethaf, frodyr, pa bethau bynnag sydd wir, pa bethau
bynnag sydd onest, pa bethau bynnag sydd gyfiawn, pa bethau bynnag sydd bur, pa
bethau bynnag sydd hawddgar, pa bethau bynnag sydd ganmoladwy, od oes un
rhinwedd, ac od oes dim clod, meddyliwch am y pethau hyn. Philippians 4:8
Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest,
whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely,
whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be
any praise, think on these things.
:_______________________________ .
brawd, PLURAL:
brodiau <BRAUD, BROD-yai, -ye> [ˡbraʊd, ˡbrɔdjaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 (obsolete) judgement, verdict
Dydd Brawd Judgement Day hyd Ddydd Brawd until Judgement Day
2 cymrodedd
compromise, agreement
ETYMOLOGY: cymrodedd < *cymrawdedd < *cymfrawdedd
(cym- = together) + soft mutation + (brawd = judgement, verdict)
+ (-edd suffix for forming abstract nouns)
The
diphthong aw in a penultimate syllable is reduced to o in certain
words in modern Welsh. See aw in this dictionary.
3 difrod
(modern Welsh) damage, destruction; (obsolete meaning) neglect of law, contempt
of law. The origin of tbis word is difrod < difrawd (di-
prefix = without) + soft mutation + (brawd = judgement, verdict)
The
diphthong aw in final syllables in Middle Welsh has been reduced to o
in modern Welsh. See aw in this dictionary.
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh < British *BRÂT- < Celtic
Cornish
‘BRUUZ’ (= verdict), Breton BREUT (= debate).
Irish
BRÁTH (= doomsday), Scottish BRÀTH (= doomsday); Éirinn go bráth / Éire go
bráth (= Ireland for ever, Ireland until the end of time, literally Ireland
until doomsday). Similarly Alba go bràth (= Scotland forever).
:_______________________________ .
bratiaith ‹BRAT-yaith› [ˡbratjaɪθ] feminine noun
1 debased language; shoddy Welsh
y fratiaith the debased language
siarad
bratiaith speak substandard Welsh
ETYMOLOGY: “language (of) rag(s)”, i.e. “tattered language” (brat = rag)
+ (-iaith = language). Expression from the nineteenth century
:_______________________________ .
bratiog <BRAT-YOG> [ˡbratjɔg] adjective
1 tattered, raggèd, scrappy, shoddy
2 imperfect, broken
mewn Cymraeg bratiog in broken Welsh
Roedd yn gallu siarad tipyn o Saesneg bratiog He could speak a bit of
broken English
ETYMOLOGY: (brat = rag) + (-iog, suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________ .
brawddeg, PLURAL:
brawddegau <BRAU-dheg, brau-DHEE-ge> [ˡbraʊðɛg, braʊˡðeˑgaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 sentence
y frawddeg = the sentence
:_______________________________ .
brawychiaeth <brau-ƏKH-yaith, -yeth> [braʊˡəxjaɪθ, -ɛθ] f
1
terrorism
gwrthfrawychiaeth antiterrorism
ETYMOLOGY: (brawych- stem of brawychu = terrorise) + (-i-aeth
suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________ .
brawychu <brau-Ə-khi> [braʊˡəxɪ]
(verb with an object)
1
frighten, terrify
2
terrorise
ETYMOLOGY: (braw = fright, terror) + (-ychu suffix for forming
verbs)
:_______________________________ .
Brdd.
1 abbreviation
= Barddoniaeth (= poetry)
:_______________________________ .
bre <BREE> [breː] (masculine
noun)
1 hill, promontory
2 as
an element in place names (-fre):
Heulfre (House name or street name) sunny hill
(heul, tonic syllable form of haul) + soft mutation + (bre
= hill)
(There is also an incorrect form Haulfre)
Moelfre (common hill name) bare hill
(moel = bare, denuded) + soft mutation + (bre = hill)
NOTE:
This word, in early Welsh, was used in place names and some English place names
are based on it – Brill near Oxford (corresponding to modern Welsh bre and
modern English hill), and Breedon on the Hill, by Derby.
(delwedd
4390)
:_______________________________ .
brech (1) <BREEKH> [breːx] adjective
1 feminine form brych (= speckled, spotted).
Usually after a feminine noun, and so it becomes frech (there is soft
mutation of the initial consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine singular
noun)
tylluan frech (Strix aluco) tawny owl
:_______________________________ .
brech (2) PLURAL:
brechau <BREEKH, BREE-khai, -khe> [ˡbreːx, ˡbreˑxaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 pox
y frech = the pox
2 brech goch <breekh
GOOKH> [breːx ˡgoːx] y frech goch =
measles (“red pox”)
3 brech y cŵn <breekh ə KUUN> [breːx ə ˡkuːn] the mange
(“pox of the dogs”)
:_______________________________ .
brechdan <BREKH-dan> [ˡbrɛxdan] feminine noun
PLURAL brechdanau <brekh-DAA-nai, -ne> [brɛxˡdɑˑnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 slice of bread and butter, (Northern England: butty)
(Scotland: piece)
y frechdan = the slice of bread and butter
2
sandwich = two slices of bread spread with butter or margarine with a filling
(eg jam, cheese, meat paste, lettuce and tomato, pickle, etc)
3
sandwich defined by its contents:
brechdan doddion bread and dripping (“sandwich (of) dripping”)
brechdan fawd slice of bread with butter spread on it with the thumb
(“sandwich (of) thumb”)
brechdan gaws cheese sandwich
brechdan gig meat sandwich
brechdan jam bread and jam (bread and butter with jam)
brechdan linsi two slices of different bread (made of different grains)
put together to make a sandwich
(“sandwich (of) linsey”) (linsey = linen warp with a wool or cotton filling))
brechdan letys lettuce sandwich
brechdan
domato tomato
sandwich
brechdan
surep syrup sandwich
brechdan
fenyn butter sandwich, buttered bread
brechdan
fenyn cnau daear peanut butter sandwich
brechdan wen buttered slice of white bread
2 (North
Wales) brechdan o ddyn coward, spineless man, softie (“a sandwich /
piece of bread an butter of a man”)
(North Wales) hen frechdan coward, person who won’t say boo to a goose
(North Wales) rhyw frechdan o beth coward
Mae o am ddangos ma fo ydi'r mistar yn lle bod yn rhyw frechdan o beth fel
Mr. Wyn, na feiddia fo ddangos i winadd i neb." He wants to show that
HE’s boss instead of being a spineless old thing like Mr. Wyn, who wouldn’t
challenge anybody (“show his claws to anybody”)
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh < Old Irish brechtán (= bread with butter)
NOTE: also (North Wales) bechdan (loss of the r), Ceredigon: bachdan,
brachdan (the vowel of the first syllable is coloured by the vowel in the
following syllable)
:_______________________________ .
brechdan agored <BREKH-dan a-GOO-red> [ˡbrɛxdan aˡgoˑrɛd] (feminine
noun)
1 open sandwich
:_______________________________ .
brechdan gig <BREKH-dan GIIG> [ˡbrɛxdanˡ giːg] (feminine
noun)
1 meat sandwich
:_______________________________ .
brechiad, PLURAL:
brechiadau <BREKH-yad, brekh-YAA-dai, -de> [ˡbrɛxjad,brɛxˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1 immunisation jab, inoculation
:_______________________________ .
brechlyn <BREKH-lin> [ˡbrɛxlɪn] masculine
noun
PLURAL brechlynnau <brekh-LƏ-ne> [brɛxˡlənaɪ, -ɛ] 1 vaccine
brechlyn geneuol oral
vaccine
brechlyn i’w lyncu oral
vaccine (“for its swallowing”, to be swallowed)
brechlyn trwy’r
geg oral vaccine (“through the mouth”)
brechlyn triphlyg
triple vaccine
ETYMOLOGY: (brech = pox, smallpox ) + soft mutation + ( llyn =
liquid)
:_______________________________ .
brechu <BREE-khi> [ˡbreˑxɪ] (verb)
1 inoculate, vaccinate
brechu rhàg difftheria inoculate against diptheria
:_______________________________ .
brecwast <BREC-wast> [ˡbrɛcwast] masculine
noun
PLURAL <brek-WA-stai, e> [brɛkˡwastaɪ, -ɛ]
1 breakfast
brecwast Ffrengig continental breakfast (“French breakfast”)
gwely a brecwast bed and breakfast
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh brecwast is ultimately from English breakfast (=
the occasion of breaking one’s overnight fast)
(to break) + (fast = time without food).
There
are two possible explanations for the “w”.
1/
One is that it is a change that happened in English, and the ‘w’ form was taken
from English into Welsh. This would seem to be more likely.
2/
The other is that the change to [f] to [w] occurred in Welsh, with the English
dialect form breakvast / brekvast > Welsh *brecfast <BREK-vast> [ˡbrɛkvast] > brecwast.
The consonant (spelt as ñ<w> [v] replaces the consonant <v> [v], a change seen to occur in other words in Welsh
– for example, efallai, ’fallai (= perhaps) > south-eastern walla,
wylla
_____________________
Examples
in Welsh: brecwast, brecffast, brecwest
The
Welsh Vocabulary of the Bangor District. O H Fynes-Clinton MA. Published by
Oxford University Press (1913):
brekwast,
s.m., brecffast, C.C. 8. 22;
brecwest,
T.N. 12.33;
cf.
Eng. (Dial.) breckwist, Irel[and]. N[ort]h[um]b[erland]. ; brickwast,
N[ort]h[um]b[erland]. ; ' breakfast '.
C.C.
= Canwyll y Cymry. Y Pedwarydd Ran o
waith Mr. Rees Prichard Gynt Ficcer Llanddyfri yn Shir Gaerfyrddyn...
Llundain... 1672
T.N.
= Gwaith Thomas Edwards (Twm o'r Nant) (b. 1735, d. 1810). Liverpool.
1874. .
_____________________
Examples
in English:
1/ breakvast
..1a/ Observations on some of the dialects in the
West of England particularly with a glossary of words now in use there; and poems
and other pieces, exemplifying the dialect. by James Jennings, Honorary
Secretary of the Metropolitan Library Institution, London.
London, 1825.
“The words nouth, knoweth; zin, sun; vrast, frost; die, day; Zalhardie,
Saturday; Zindei, Sunday, and a few others, indicate an origin West of the
Parret. There are, however, many words which with a trifling alteration in the
orthography, would suit, at the present time, the north-eastern portion of the
county; such are blauther, bladder, brekvast,
breakfast; crwest, crust; smill, smell;”
..1b/ Duplicity; Comedy, in five Acts. As performed at the Theatre-Royal,
Covent-Garden. T. Thomas Holcroft. (1811. Edinburgh. A collection of Successful
Modern Plays, as acted at the Theatres Royal, London. Printed from the prompt
books under the authority of the managers. Selected by Mrs. Inchbald. In ten
volumes. Vol. iv.).
(Squire Turnbull and his daughter speak in a south-western English manner,
probably Somerset)
Sq[uire Turnbull]. How does thee like London ?
Miss Turn[bull]. I knaw not It do zeem a strange place.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. A strange place!
Miss Turn[bull]. Ees—I do think it be.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. Thee dost?
Miss Turn[bull]. Ees.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. An' zo do I—whereby, dost zee, I'll get out n't as
vast as I can—a pretty chace, as the man zaid that rode vifty miles a'ter a
wild goose.—London ! —an' this be London, the devil take London—Come, pack up
thy ribbands an' vlappets, an' make thyzel ready.
Miss Turn[bull]. Neea, zure—you wun't go zo zoon.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. Wun't I ?—an' I stay in this town to-night, I'll eat
it vor breakvast
tomorrow.
2/ brickwast,
brickfast
BRICKWAST,
BRICKFAST, breakfast.
A
Glossary Of Words Used In The County Of Northumberland And On The Tyneside. R
Oliver Heslop. Volume I. The English Dialect Society. 1892
4/ brecksfust,
brecksuf, brecksus, bracksus, breckwist, brequist, breakquest, brukwust,
buckwhist, brickwast
Joseph
Wright (1855–1930). The English Dialect Dictionary. 1898.
(delwedd
7963)
3/ breakwast
Kitty
Fagan: A Romance of Pit Life. 1900. Author: Ramsay Guthrie (pseudonym of John
George Bowran) (1869-1946).(A Methodist minister from County Durham; lived at
Gateshead, Hexham [Northumberland] and Stockton-on-Tees).
pp.74-5
It was a proud moment for Kitty when she filled the kettle, and placed it on
the fire. “They´ll want their teas!” she explained. “They´ve had nowt since breakwast!”
4/ breakwast (but possibly here a relic of
Welsh in English)
BREAKWAST, the common pronunciation of breakfast. Collections Historical & Archaeological
Relating To Montgomeryshire, And Its Borders. Vol. X.
1877. Page 282. Parochial Account of Llanidloes. Edward Hamer. Chapter
XI. Local Words And Phrases.
:_______________________________ .
brefu <BREE-vi> [ˡbreˑvɪ] (verb)
1 (cow) to low, to moo
2 (goat) to bleat
See the place name Llanddewi Brefi
:_______________________________ .
breichiau <BREIKH-yai, -ye> [ˡbrəɪxjaɪ, -ɛ] (pl)
1 arms; see braich
:_______________________________ .
breichled, PLURAL:
breichledau <BREIKH-led, breikh-LEE-dai, -de> [ˡbrəɪxlɛd, brəɪxˡleˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 bracelet
y freichled = the bracelet
breichled jad jade bracelet
:_______________________________
.
Breiddin <BREI-dhin> [ˡbrəɪðɪn] (feminine
noun)
1 hill in north-east Wales
:_______________________________ .
breinlen <BREIN-len> [ˡbrəɪnlɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL breinlenni <brein-LE-ni> [brəɪnˡlɛnɪ]
1 charter = a document issued by the state for the
incorporation of a business (such as a bank), a city, a university, etc and
which specifies its characteristics, its purpose, and its rights
y freinlen = the charter
2
charter = fundamental principles of an organisation
Breinlen y Cenhedloedd Unedig The United Nations Charter
3 Y
Freinlen Fawr Magna Carta - the 'great charter' that the English barons
obliged King John of England to sign in 1215 at Runnymede setting out the
rights of barons, the church, and freemen
breinlen fawr magna carta = any law establishing fundamental rights
4
gazette
Y Freinlen Gymroaidd (“The Cambrian Gazette”) name of a paper printed in
Aberystwyth in
1836
ETYMOLOGY: (brein- stem of breinio = to grant a privilege) + soft
mutation + (llen = cloth, document)
:_______________________________ .
breinryddid <brein-RƏ-dhid> [brəɪnˡrəðɪd] masculine
noun
1 immunity = a privilege which grants immunity to a person
breinryddid diplomyddol diplomatic immunity
ETYMOLOGY: (brein- stem of breinio = to grant a privilege) + soft
mutation + (rhyddid = freedom, liberty)
:_______________________________ .
breintiedig <brein-ti-EE-dig> [brəɪntɪˡeˑdɪg] adjective
1 privileged
lleiafrif bach breintiedig a small privileged minority
ETYMOLOGY: (breint-i- = stem of breintio = to favour) + (-edig
past participle suffix, passive)
:_______________________________ .
breision <BREI-shon> [ˡbrəɪʃɔn] adjective
1 plural form of bras (= abundant, fat)
2 as a
plural noun, = fattened animals
Salmau 66:15 Offrymaf i ti boethoffrymau breision, ynghyd ag arogl-darth
hyrddod; aberthaf ychen a bychod. Sela.
Psalms 66:15 I will offer unto thee burnt sacrifices of fatlings, with the
incense of rams; I will offer bullocks with goats. Selah.
ETYMOLOGY: (bras = abundant, fat) + (plural suffix -ion, which
causes affection of the preceding vowel a > ei
:_______________________________ .
brenhinbren <bren-HIN-bren> [brɛnˡhɪnbrɛn] masculine
noun
PLURAL breninbrennau <bre-nin-BRE-nai, -e> [brɛnɪnˡbrɛnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 “king-tree, the tree which is king”
brenhinbren y goedwig the king of the forest, the tree which is king of
the forest, the oak
ETYMOLOGY: (brenhin- penult form of brenin = king) + soft
mutation + (pren= tree)
:_______________________________ .
brenhindy <bren-HIN-di> [brɛnˡhɪndɪ] masculine
noun
PLURAL brenhindai
<bren-HIN-dai> [brɛnˡhɪndaɪ]
1 royal house, palace
Daniel 4:30 Llefarodd y brenin, a dywedodd, Onid hon yw Babilon fawr, yr hon
a adeiledais i yn frenhindy yng nghryfder fy nerth, ac er gogoniant fy
mawrhydi?
Daniel 4:30 The king spake, and said, Is not this great Babylon, that I have
built for the house of the kingdom by the might of my power, and for the honour
of my majesty?
ETYMOLOGY: (brenhin- penult form of brenin = king) + soft
mutation + (tŷ = house)
:_______________________________ .
brenhines, PLURAL:
breninesau ‹bre NHI nes, bre ni NE se›
(feminine noun)
1 queen
y frenhines = the queen
:_______________________________ .
brenhinllys ‹bre-nhin-lhis› feminine
noun
1 (Bible) palace
Daniel 8:2 Gwelais hefyd mewn gweledigaeth, (a bu pan welais, mai yn Susan y
brenhinllys, yr hwn sydd o fewn talaith Elam, yr oeddwn i,) ie, gwelais mewn
gweledigaeth, ac yr oeddwn i wrth afon Ulai.
Daniel 8:2 And I saw in a vision; and it came to pass, when I saw, that I was
at Shushan in the palace, which is in the province of Elam; and I saw in a
vision, and I was by the river of Ulai.
ETYMOLOGY: (brenhin- penultform of brenin = king) + soft mutaiton
+ (llys = court)
> *brenhín-lys > brenhinllys
:_______________________________ .
brenhinol ‹bre NHI nol› (adjective)
1 royal
2 llynges
frenhinol royal navy
ETYMOLOGY:
(brenhin- penultform of brenin = king) + (ol = adjectival
suffix)
:_______________________________
.
brenin, PLURAL:
brenhinoedd ‹BRE nin, bre NHI nodh› (masculine
noun)
1 king
brenin
yr anifeiliaid the king of beasts, the king of the animals, the lion
2 (chess) king
:_______________________________ .
breniniaethwr ‹bre-nin- yei -thur› m
masculine noun
PLURAL breniniaethwyr ‹bre-nin-
yeith -wir›
1 royalist = supporter of the monarchy as a political
system
ETYMOLOGY: (breniniaeth-, < brenhiniaeth = monarchy) + (-wr
suffix = 'man')
:_______________________________ .
brest, PLURAL:
brestiau ‹BREST, BREST ye› (feminine
noun)
1 breast
y frest = the breast
:_______________________________ .
bresychen, PLURAL:
bresych ‹bre SƏ
khen, BRE sikh› (feminine noun)
1 cabbage
y fresychen = the cabbage
:_______________________________ .
brethyn ‹BRE thin›
(masculine noun)
1 cloth
:_______________________________ .
brethyn cartref ‹bre thin KAR tre› (masculine noun)
1 homespun cloth
ETYMOLOGY:
literally ‘home cloth’ (brethyn = cloth) + (cartref = home) :_______________________________
.
breuddwyd, PLURAL: breuddwydion <BREI-dhuid, brei-DHUID-yon> [ˡbrəɪðʊɪd, brəɪˡðʊɪdjɔn] (feminine
noun)
1 dream
y freuddwyd the dream
:_______________________________ .
breuddwyd gwrach <brei-dhuid GWRAAKH> [brəɪðʊɪd ˡgwrɑːx] (feminine
noun)
1 wishful thinking ('dream of a witch')
From the fuller phrase
Breuddwyd gwrach yn ôl ei hewyllwys wishful thinking “(the) dream
(of) (a) witch according-to her will”
Ai breuddwyd gwrach neu nod realistig yw hyn? Is this wishful thinking or a
realistic goal?
:_______________________________ .
Breuddwyd Macsen Wledig ‹BREI dhuid MAK sen WLE dig› (masculine
noun)
1 The Dream of Macsen Wledig (from the Tales of the
Mabinogi)
:_______________________________ .
Breuddwyd Rhonabwy ‹BREI dhuid
rho NA bui› (masculine noun)
1 The Dream of Rhonabwy (from the Tales of
the Mabinogi)
:_______________________________ .
breuddwydio ‹brei DHUID
yo› (verb)
1 to dream
breuddwydio am fod yn feddyg dreaming about being a doctor
freuddwydiais i erioed y byddwn
ryw ddydd yn aelod o’r Orsedd I never dreamt that
one day I’d be a member of the Gorsedd
:_______________________________ .
breuddwydiwr, PLURAL:
breuddwydwyr ‹brei DHUID yur, brei DHUID wir› (masculine
noun)
1 dreamer
:_______________________________ .
breweddu ‹brə- wê -dhi› verb
1 (South-east Wales) See berweddu (to brew)
:_______________________________ .
bri ‹BRII› (masculine noun)
1 renown
2 Compare
difrifol (= serious) < (difrif = seriousness) + (-ol suffix)
mewn difrif in all seriousness (“in + seriousness”)
The word difrif is from difri, which formerly meant “dishonor
/ dishonour”.
(di = privative prefix, ‘without’) + soft mutation + (bri = honor
/ honour )
1) The final f is a later addition. Most likely this is under the
influence of many polysyllabic words with final ‹v› -f which is lost colloquially. This -f
is retained however in the written language
Examples: cynta’ (= first), ola’ (= last), bydda’ (= I
shall be), written in standard Welsh as cyntaf, olaf, byddaf
There are a couple of other words in Welsh with an inorganic f - these
are
1/ hunllef
(= nightmare),
2/ hyf (=
insolent)
These
are more correctly hunlle, hy.
As
with difri, the -f has been ‘restored’ though in fact it was
never there in the first place.
Difri has equivalents in the two other British languages: Cornish deffri
(= indeed), Breton devri (= seriously)
:_______________________________ .
Briafael ‹bri-a-vel› masculine noun
1 (obsolete) man's name
2 name of a Welsh evangelist or “saint” of the early
Church.
3 *Llanfriafael (not attested, thus not genuine)
A
likely Welsh form of the place name St. Briavels (Gloucestershire) SS5504
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/521396
map
(delwedd 7495)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Briáfael < *Briafáil < *Brigho-vaghl
< British *Brigo-magl-os, as in modern Welsh bri (= respect,
esteem), corresponding to Irish brí (= strength, valour); and the
element mael found in various male forenames (= great man, leader,
chief), related to Latin magnus (= great)
NOTE: The short form of Briáfael is Brïog (first syllable Bri-,
+ diminutive suffix -og).
Briog occurs in Breton as Brieug
From this is derived Tyfrïog (ty- = your, ‘thy’, used in older
Welsh as a prefix to form hypochoristics) + (Brïog).
Tyfrïog occurs in the the place name Llandyfrïog.
:_______________________________ .
briallen ‹bri-a-lhen› feminine noun
PLURAL briallu ‹bri-a-lhi›
1 (Primula vulgaris) cowslip
y friallen = the cowslip
2 Maesbriallu
(“field (of) primroses”, primrose field)
Street name in
..a/ Caerffili (“Maes Briallu”)
..b/ Llansamlet, county of Abertawe (“Maes Briallu”)
ETYMOLOGY: (unknown)
NOTE: (South Wales) brielli, mierlli; county of Penfro brigelli
:_______________________________ .
bric ‹brik› masculine noun
PLURAL brics,
briciau ‹briks, brik-ye›
1 brick
2 clai
brics (masculine noun), brick clay = clay for making bricks, containing
clay and iron
3 gosod
brics bricklaying (“laying (of) bricks”)
4 ffwrn
frics (feminine noun), plural ffyrnau brics
brick kiln = a kiln for making bricks
5 gwaith
brics (masculine noun), plural gweithiau brics brickworks, a place
for making bricks (“work / factory {of} bricks”)
6 odyn
frics (feminine noun), plural odynau brics
brick kiln = a kiln for making bricks
7 tŷ
brics (masculine noun), plural tai brics brick house, a house made
of bricks
wal frics (feminine noun), plural waliau brics or welydd brics
brick wall, a wall made of bricks
ETYMOLOGY: from English brick < French brique, from a Germanic
word related to English to break
:_______________________________ .
bric-a-brac ‹brik -a-brak› masculine noun
1 bric-a-brac = small objects collected as ornaments, or
for their antiquarian character, or for sentimental reasons
Daeth i mewn â bocs llawn bric-a-brac or atig She came in with a box
full of bric-a-brac from the attic
ETYMOLOGY: from English bric-a-brac < French bric à brac “at
random”
:_______________________________ .
bricét ‹bri -ket› masculine noun
PLURAL bricets ‹bri -kets›
1 briquette = type of fuel, small block of compressed coal
dust
ETYMOLOGY: from English briquette < French briquette
:_______________________________ .
brici ‹bri -ki› masculine noun
PLURAL bricis ‹bri -kis›
1 colloquial, Englishism brickie, bricklayer
(standard Welsh = briciwr)
ETYMOLOGY: from English brickie, diminutive form of bricklayer
:_______________________________ .
bricio ‹brik -yo› verb with an object
1 to brick = face with bricks (e.g. concrete wall)
2 to
brick = line with bricks (e.g. kiln)
3 to
brick up = fill with bricks; bricio ffenestr = to brick up a window
ETYMOLOGY: (bric = brick) + (-io)
NOTE: In South Wales the usual form is brico (In the South -o generally
replaces final -io)
:_______________________________ .
bricsen, PLURAL:
brics ‹BRIK sen, BRIKS› (feminine
noun)
1 brick
y fricsen = the brick
:_______________________________ .
Bríd ‹briid› feminine noun
1 Irish goddess of fire, fertility, agriculture
2 The
second patron saint of Ireland, after Pádraig. She is said to have been born in
Lú (453-523) (ie around Pádraig's time) Feast day: 1 February
:_______________________________ .
brifo ‹BRI vo› (verb)
1 to hurt
:_______________________________ .
brig, PLURAL:
brigau ‹BRIIG, BRI ge› (masculine
noun)
1 top
2 ar
frig ton on the crest of a wave
ar frig y don on the crest of the wave
glo brig (“top coal”) surface coal
gwaith glo brig (“(a) work (of) surface coal”) open-cast coal mine,
(USA: strip mine, open pit mine)
2 brigog (adj) (qv - quod vidē 
- which see) branchy
:_______________________________ .
brigâd ‹bri-gaad› feminine noun
PLURAL brigadau ‹bri-gâ-de›
1 brigade = troops (such as a group of regiments) under a
general officer
y frigâd = the brigade
2 brigade
= group of people organised for a specific task
brigâd dân fire brigade = squad of firemen
ETYMOLOGY: brigâd < English brigade < French < Old
Italian brigata (= troops) < brigare (= to fight)
:_______________________________ .
brigâd dân ‹bri-gaad daan› feminine noun
PLURAL brigadau
tân ‹bri-gâ-de taan›
1 brigâd dân (Englandic: fire brigade; USA: fire
department) = a squad of firemen
y frigâd dân leol the local fire brigade
ETYMOLOGY: translation of Englandic ‘fire brigade’; (brigâd = brigade) +
soft mutation + (tân = fire)
:_______________________________ .
brigadydd ‹bri-gâ-didh› masculine
noun
PLURAL brigadwyr ‹bri-gad-wir›
1 (Englandic: brigadier) (American: brigadier general)
(.a)
rank between colonel and major general;
(.b)
general officer who commands a brigade
ETYMOLOGY: (brigâd = brigade) + (-ydd =
suffix to indicate a person)
:_______________________________ .
brigdrawst ‹brig -draust› m
PLURAL brigdrawstiau ‹brig- draust -ye›
1 catwalk, walkway; = pathway high above a stage, or
connecting buildings across a street
2
catwalk = platform along which models walk in a fashion show
Bu sêr rygbi Cymru yn cerdded y brigdrawst yn sioe ffasiwn Tenovus yn
Llanelli yn ystod yr Eisteddfod Genedlaethol
The stars of Welsh rugby walked along the catwalk in the Tenovus fashion show
in the National Eisteddfod in Llanelli
ETYMOLOGY: ‘top beam’ (brig = top) + soft mutation + (trawst =
beam)
:_______________________________ .
brigog ‹BRII-gog› (adj)
1 branchy, spreading
Salmau 37:35 Gwelais yr annuwiol yn gadarn, ac yn frigog fel y llawryf
gwyrdd.
Psalms 37:35 I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like
a green bay tree.
o dan y gastanwydden frigog under the spreading chestnut tree
(Y) Prenbrigog SJ2664 “(the) spreading tree” name of a farm at Bwcle, Y
Fflint
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2664
2 (cereal) bearing many ears
3 (cattle) horned
4
(moumtain) peaked
12-02-1891
Y Cymro
Mynyddoedd brigog a nentydd dyfnion Arfon the peaked
mountains and deep valleys of Arfon
ETYMOLOGY: (brig = topmost branches, tree top; summit, top) + (-og adjectival
suffix)
:_______________________________ .
brigwellt ‹brig-welht› m
PLURAL brigwelltydd ‹brig-WE-tidh›
1 hair grass
Brigwellt-y-coed farm name “(the) hair grass (by) the wood”
(Nant-y-caws, Caerfyrddin)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/208944
ETYMOLOGY: (brig = top, crest) + soft mutation + (gwellt = grass)
:_______________________________ .
brigwyn ‹brig -win› adjective
1 (wave) white-crested, white-topped
tonnau brigwyn
white-crested waves
Eifion Wyn – Telynegion Maes a Môr
Heibio'r greiglan dacw hi
Yn diflannu yn yr ewyn --
Clywais fref, a chlywais gri,
A bu'r don yn fwyfwy brigwyn.
Past the cliff there it is (here the poem refers to a lamb which has fallen
into the sea)
Disappearing in the foam
I heard a bleat, I heard a cry
And the sea was more and more white-crested
Yr Haul, 1807
uwch
berw brigwyn y
tônau (= tonnau) above the
white-crested turmoil of the waves
Trysorfa y Plant 1827
ar y
tônau (= tonnau) brigwyn on the
white-crested waves
2
(beer) white-topped, with a white head, with foam on top
3
white-haired (from age)
4
(masculine noun) (North Wales) surf on a rough sea
Brigwyn house name in Pen-y-bryn, Nefyn, county of Gwynedd
5
(masculine noun) (North Wales) a type of white mountain moss
Mae hanner ddeheuol y safle yn wlyb ac yn gorsiog, gyda hesg, brwyn a
brigwyn.
The southern half of the site is wet and boggy, with
sedge, rushes and “brigwyn” moss
ETYMOLOGY: (brig = top, crest) + soft mutation + (gwyn =
white)
:_______________________________ .
brigyn, PLURAL: brigau ‹BRII gin, BRII -gai, -ge› (masculine
noun)
1 twig
Bydd y dail wedi’u trefnu bob yn ail ar y brigyn
The leaves are arranged alternately on the twig
:_______________________________ .
brith ‹BRIITH› (adjective)
Feminine
form: braith
1 speckled
bara brith (“speckled bread”) Welsh spicy currant loaf
2 in
names of certain birds / animals
cnocell fraith fwyaf (Dendrocopos
major) lesser spotted woodpecker
cnocell fraith leiaf (Dendrocopos minor) lesser spotted woodpecker
arth fraith grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis)
llyn
fraith (in a river)
mottled pool, dappled pool
Cefn-brith
village by Corwen; Cefn
Brith hill from which Cefn-brith gets its name (‘speckled hill’, i.e.
variegated vegetaion or
possibly varying soil quality)
a/ LLYN-FRAITH (the motley
lake.) A place in the river Taff at Whitchurch (1760.) (John Hobson Matthews.
Vol. 5. 1905. Cardiff Records.
b/ Pont y Llyn Fraith
name of a bridge (?over the Sirhywi river) (the bridge by the dappled
river-pool”). The village name Pont-llan-fraith is from a house situated here,
Pen-pont-y-llyn-fraith ((at the) end (of) (the) bridge (by) the dappled
river-pool”). The element ‘llyn’ was replaced mistakenly by ‘llan’ (= church)
at some point.
:_______________________________
.
brithdir ‹brith -dir› masculine noun
PLURAL brithdiroedd ‹brith- di -rodh›
1 land of uneven quality / medium quality /
average quality; land with mixed soils
2 clayey soil
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = mixed) + soft mutation + (tir= land)
It is found as a place name thoughout Wales - see below
See below Brithdir i fuwch a chrasdir i ddafad.
See in the rest of the dictionary Gwaelodybrithdir
:_______________________________ .
Y Brithdir ‹ə brith -dir› -
1 SO1401farm and locality in Tredegar Newydd (in
the Rhymni valley, county of Caerffili)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1401
map
2 SJ1902 lmansion near Llanfyllin in the district of
Trefaldwyn
(county of Powys)
“Brithdir Hall” on the map; = ?Plas y Brithdir
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1902
map
3 SH7718 locality near Dolgellau in the district of
Meirionnydd
(county of Gwynedd)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/450666
map
:_______________________________ .
Brithdir ac Islaw'r-dref ‹brith-dir aag is laur dreev› -
1 SH7717 parish near Dolgellau in the district of Meirionnydd
(county of Gwynedd);
population 1961: 878; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 69%
ETYMOLOGY: (brithdir = mixed land) + (ac = and, form of a used
before a vowel) + (islaw'r dref = below the trêv)
:_______________________________ .
Brithdir i fuwch a chrasdir i ddafad ‹brith-dir i viukh a khras-dir i dhâ-vad›
1 (a saying) 'wettish
clayey soil for a cow, and dry soil for a sheep'
Walter
Davies / General View of the Agriculture and Domestic Economy of South Wales
/ 1814: Brithdir, such as the clayey soils of the flag-lias tract, are very
productive of cheese and butter; ‘brithdir i fuwch a chrasdir i ddafad’,
i.e. a rushy, strong soil for the cow, and a sharp dry soil for the ewe
ETYMOLOGY: (brithdir = mixed land), (buwch = cow), (crasdir
= parched land), (dafad = sheep)
:_______________________________ .
brithedd ‹brî -thedh› masculine noun
1 speckledness
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = speckled, mixed) + (-edd suffix for forming
abstract nouns)
:_______________________________ .
brithfelyn ‹brith- ve -lin› adjective
1 (horse) dapple bay
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = speckled, dappled) + soft mutation + (melyn = yellow)
:_______________________________ .
brithlas ‹brith -las› adjective
1 dapple-grey; with a grey skin marked with irregular spots
caseg frithlas = dapple-grey mare
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = dappled) + soft mutation + (glas = grey /
blue / green)
:_______________________________ .
brithlaw ‹brith -lau› masculine noun
1 drizzle
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = speckled) + soft mutation + (glaw = rain)
:_______________________________ .
brithlen ‹brith -len› feminine noun
PLURAL brithlenni ‹brith-le-ni›
1 (A literary
word) tapestry (normally tápestri masculine
noun) y frithlen = the tapestry
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = speckled) + soft mutation + (llen = cloth)
:_______________________________ .
brithliw ‹brith -liu› adjective
1 variegated, motley; (USA: pepper-and-salt) (Englandic:
salt-and-pepper) = dark but flecked with white; white-flecked
Yr oedd ganddo farf laes, frithliw he had a long white-flecked beard
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = speckled) + soft mutation + (lliw = color /
colour)
:_______________________________ .
brithwaith <BRITH-waith> [ˡbrɪθwaɪθ] masculine
noun
PLURAL brithweithiau <brith-WEITH-yai, -e> [brɪθˡwəɪθjaɪ,
-ɛ]
also: mosäig masculine noun 1 mosaic = design made up of inlaid pieces of
coloured glass or stone
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = speckled) + soft mutation + (gwaith = work)
:_______________________________ .
brithweithio <brith-WEITH-yo> [brɪθˡwəɪθjɔ] verb
1 tessellate, make a
mosaic
ETYMOLOGY: (brithwaith = mosaic) + (-io = verbal suffix)
:_______________________________ .
brithweithiol <brith-WEITH-yol> [brɪθˡwəɪθjɔl] adjective
1 made with or from
mosaic
llawr brithweithiol mosaic floor
2 mosaic = resembling a mosaic
ETYMOLOGY: (brithwaith = mosaic) + (-iol = adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________ .
brithweithiwr <brith-WEITH-yur> [brɪθˡwəɪθjʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL brithweithwyr <brith-WEITH-wir> [brɪθˡwəɪθwɪr]
1 mosaicist, person who
makes mosaics
ETYMOLOGY: (brithwaith = mosaic) + (-i-wr = suffix for forming
nouns to indcate an agebt, 'man')
:_______________________________ .
brithyll, PLURAL: brithyllod <BRII-thilh, bri-THƏ-lhod> [ˡbriˑθɪɬ, brɪˡθəɬɔd] (masculine noun)
1 trout
2 brithyll y dom <BRII-thilh ə DOM> [ˡbriˑθɪɬ ə ˡdɔm] stickleback
(“(the) trout (of) the dung” is the literal sense, though it is probably a
distortion of another expression)
3 brithyll
seithliw (Salmo gairdneri) rainbow
trout (“trout of seven colours”)
4 pysgodfa
frithyllod trout fishery (rather than the less correct pysgodfa frithyll,
or pysgodfa brithyllod)
5 mor llon â brithyll as happy as can be (“as
merry as a trout”). In Scottish (Gaelic) there appears the same idiom: “Cho
sona ri caibheanach ann an sruth” (= as happy as a trout in a stream)
ETYMOLOGY:
Contains the element brych (speckled); Welsh brithyll <
British *brikt-ill
Other Brythonic
languages: Cornish brithell, Breton brezhell
Hibernian
languages: Irish breac (= trout), Scottish Gaelic breac (=
trout),
Cf the
English word brill (=Scophthalmus rhombus, a flatfish of the family Bothidae)
which is apparently (1400+) from Cornish brŷthell (= mackerel), equivalent
to Welsh brithyll (= trout).
:_______________________________
.
briwgig <BRIU-gig> [ˡbrɪʊgɪg] masculine noun
1 (American: hamburger
meat) (Englandic: mince )
ETYMOLOGY: (briw = chopped, minced ) + soft mutation + (cig =
meat)
:_______________________________ .
briwllyd <BRIU-lhid> [ˡbrɪʊɬɪd] adjective
1 (South Wales) (bread)
crumbly
ETYMOLOGY: (briw = fragments) + (-llyd adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________ .
briwsiona <briu-SHO-na> [brɪʊˡʃɔna] (verb)
1 crumble, make crumbs
:_______________________________ .
briwsioni <briu-SHO-ni> [brɪʊˡʃɔnɪ] (verb)
1 crumble, make crumbs
:_______________________________ .
briwsionllyd <briu-SHON-lhid> [brɪʊˡʃɔnɬɪd] adjective
1 (bread) crumbly
ETYMOLOGY: (briwsion = crumbs) + (-llyd adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________ .
briwsionyn, PLURAL: briwsion <briu-SHOO-nin,
BRIU-shon> [brɪʊˡʃoˑnɪn,
ˡbrɪʊʃɔn] (masculine
noun)
1 crumb
:_______________________________ .
bro, PLURAL:
bröydd <BROO,
BROO-idh> [broː, ˡbroˑɪð] (feminine noun)
With the definite article: y fro
1 vale, lowland
Bro Morgannwg “(the) lowland (of) Morgannwg”. Now the name of one of the
22 counties of Wales. The counterpart of this coastal area is Blaenau Morgannwg
“(the) highland (of) Morgannwg”.
Y Fro short name for Bro Morgannwg (“the lowland”)
(y definite article) + soft mutation + (bro = lowland)
(delwedd 7493)
2 Y Fro Farm SO3826
near Rowlestone, Herefordshire (it occurs on the map in English spelling, as
“Vroe”). On the flat ground by the confluence of “Cwm Brook” (?Nant y Cwm)
and Afon Mynwy
Y Fro SN5256 Farm in Ystradaeron (Ceredigion) in the parish of
Llanfihangel Ystrad, on flat valley land (ystrad) below the upland of
the parish
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/828464
Ystradaeron
3 district
bro enedigol native area
Ymadawaodd â’i fro
enedigol yn llanc deunaw oed He left his native area as an eighteen-year-old youth
Fe synnwyd yr holl fro
gyda'r newydd drwg The
whole district was taken aback by the bad news
bro ei febyd the district of his boyhood, his native district
ddyn na chollodd erioed ei
gysylltiad â bro ei febyd a man who never once lost contact with the district of his boyhood
Un o fro Colwyn oedd
She was from the
Colwyn district
coleg bro community college
ysbyty bro community hospital
llyfrgell fro community library
cyngor bro community council
4 district = area surrounding a specified place
Côr
Bro Llangefni ‘Bro Llangefni Choir’ (‘the district of Llangefni’)
5 district
(especially in invented names to designate the area of an eisteddfod, society,
school, etc; often defined by reference to a river, lake (Bro Aled, Bro
Machno, Bro Ogwr, Bro Tegid), or a personage (Bro
Dafydd), or reference to a settlement (Bro Madog – from
Porthmadog (= port (of) Madog’) and Tremadog (= town (of) Madog’))
Eisteddfod
Genedlaethol Cymru, Aber-gwaun a'r Fro 2-9 Awst 1986
National Eisteddfod of Wales, Aber-gwaun (Fishguard) and district (“and the
district”), 2-9 August 1986
bro’r
Eisteddfod the area in
which an eisteddfod is held
Yr arfer ydoedd peidio ag urddo neb o fro’r Eisteddfod ym Mhrifwyl y fro
honno (ac eithrio enillwyr y prif wobrau a’r rhai a lwyddodd yn yr arholiadau).
Yn y Brifwyl ddilynol, fel arfer, yr urddid pawb o fro Eisteddfod y flwyddyn
gynt.’ Erbyn hyn, nid yw’r arfer hwnnw’n bod Cymro 05 01 2002 The practice was not to give an honour
to anyone from the district of the Eisteddfod in the Eisteddfod held in that
place (except for winners of the main prize and those who passed the
examinations). In the following National Eisteddfod, usually, everybody from
the district of the Eisteddfod the previius year was given an honour. Nowadays
this practice is no more.
6 papur bro community newspaper, local newspaper (usually produced
monthly by volunteers) written entirely in Welsh serving a defined community
("paper (of the) district")
Y Tincer - papur bro Genau'r Glyn, Melindwr, Tirymynach, Trefeurig a'r Borth
"Y Tincer" (the tinker) - the district newspaper of Genau'r Glyn,
Melindwr, Tirymynach, Trefeurig and Y Borth
7 gwenfro (obsolete) fair
land; paradise
SJ3050 Afon Gwenfro = river in the town of Wrecsam, north-east Wales
(gwen = feminine form of gwyn = white, fair, pleasant) + soft
mutation + (bro = district)
8 heartland = central part of a country; part
of a country which is of vital improtance (seat of traditions, language, history,
etc)
Y Fro Gymraeg The Welsh heartland, the Welsh-speaking area
Y Fro Wyddeleg (“the Irish(-language) district”)
9 one's native heath = one's locality
10 bro a bryniau hill and dale (lit:
lowland and hills)
Dewch drigolion bro a bryniau (First line of the folk song Y
Mochyn Du “the black pig”)
Come [ye] inhabitants [of] [the] lowland and [the] hills
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh bro < *brogh British *brog- < Common
Celtic *mrog-
From the same British root:
Cornish bro (= country),
Breton bro (= country),
From the same Common Celtic root:
Irish brú (= brink); also bruach (= bank, brink);
Scottish [Gaelic] bruach (= bank, edge)
From the same Indoeuropean root: Latin margô (= margin), Catalan marge
(= margin).
English (< Latin) margin English (< Germanic) march (=
boundary). Cf Old Norse mörk (= boundary land)
See Brodawel, Bro Aled, Bro Dafydd, Bro-deg, Brogynin, Bro-hedd, Bro Machno,
Bro Ogwen, Bro Ogwr, Bro’r Cymry, Bro Tegid
:_______________________________ .
Bro Aber <broo AA-ber> [ broː ɑˑbɛr]
1 House name
2 Name of a hymn tune
ETYMOLOGY: Either bro yr aber “(the) country (of) the estuary”, or “bro
(yr) Aber”, referring to a town which has Aber as the first element “(the)
country / (the) district (of) Aberystwyth, Aberaeron / Aberteifi / Aber-gwaun,
etc)
(bro = district) + (Aled river name)
:_______________________________ .
Bro Aled <broo AA-led> [ broː ɑˑlɛd] feminine
noun
1 the Llansannan area,
district around the river Aled
Eisteddfod Bro Aled, Llansannan, Dydd Sadwrn Hydref 20fed 2001
Eisteddfod of Bro Aled, (in the village of) Llansannan, 20 October 2001
ETYMOLOGY: “Aled Country”, “Aled Land” (bro = district) + (Aled
river name)
:_______________________________
.
broch
<BROOKH > [broːx] masculine noun
1 badger
Olde Cheshire
Dialecte. brock: badger
cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm
(no longer functionint 07-07-2016)
:_______________________________
.
Brochfael <BROKH-vail, BROKH-vel> [ˡbrɔxvaɪl, ˡbrɔxvɛl] masculine noun
1 man's name
2 Brochfael Ysgithrog (ysgithrog
= having projecting teeth, having sticky-out teeth.)
His sons were saint Tysilio (died 662), and Cadell, king of Powys
3 Pwllbrochfael SO5301 “Brochfael’s
pool” village on the eastern bank of the river Gwy, in
England, 8km north of the town of Cas-gwent. English name: Brockweir
(The Welsh form
was surely locally Pwllbrochfa’l since south-eastern final ae is a)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/56244
map
(delwedd 7495)
4 Llannerchrochwel SJ1910 farm
4km north-west of Y Trallwng (county of Powys).
This is llannerch Frochfael “the clearing of Brochfael”.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1910
map
..a/ Brochfael > Brochfel (typical reduction of final ae
> e)
..b/ Brochfel > Brochwel (the change <v> [v] > <w> [w] occurs
in other words in Welsh. See w)
..c/ llannerch Frochwel there is soft mutation of personal names after a
feminine noun in older Welsh
..d/ llannerch ’Rochwel the difficult combination of consonants ch-f-r
has led to simplification, and the <v> [v] has disappeared
ETYMOLOGY: Brochfael (broch = tumult) + soft mutation + (mael
= leader)
In fact it would be pre-Welsh, i.e. British, from the compound Brokko-maglo-s
:_______________________________ .
brócoli <BRO-ko-li> [ˡbrɔkɔlɪ] masculine noun
1 broccoli = kind of cauliflower
brócoli'r gaeaf winter broccoli
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh brócoli < English broccoli < Italian broccoli
(= little sprouts), plural of broccolo, a diminutive form of brocco
(= sprout)
:_______________________________
.
Bro Dafydd <broo DAA-vidh> [broː ˡdɑˑvɪð]
1 “Dafydd ap Gwilym Country”
Côr Bro Dafydd choir of “Bro Dafydd”; name of a women's choir (1988) in the
vicinity of Penrhyn-coch, the birthplace of Dafydd ap Gwilym, poet (1320-1370)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) district (of) Dafydd [ap Gwilym]” (bro = district,
country) + (Dafydd)
(delwedd 7494)
:_______________________________
.
Brodawel <broo DAU-el> [broː ˡdaʊɛl]
1 Street name.
a/ (spelt
as “Brodawel”) street name in Porthtywyn / Burry Port (county of Caerfyrddin /
Carmarthen); also Cimla (Castell-nedd); Maes-teg; Aber-dâr.
b/ (spelt as “Bro Dawel”) street name in various places: Tremeirchion
(Llanelwy), Llangyfelach (Abertawe), Porthaethwy (Ynys Môn),
2 House name
a/ (spelt as
“Brodawel”) a residential home in Ene’r-glyn, Caerffili; camping site in
Porth-cawl (Bro Morgannwg); House namne in Aberdyfi / Y Ceinewydd / Aber-arth.
b/ (spelt
as “Bro Dawel”) A house name.
ETYMOLOGY: bro dawel “tranquil area” (bro = area, district) + soft
mutation + (tawel = quiet, tranquil, calm)
:_______________________________ .
Bro-deg <broo DEEG> [broː ˡdeːg]
1 street name in
Rhuthin (county of Dinbych / Denbigh) (“Bro Deg”)
2 street name in Aber-dâr
(Rhondda Cynon Taf)
ETYMOLOGY: bro deg “fair district”, “fair
country” (bro =
area, district) + soft mutation + (teg = fair, bonnie)
:_______________________________ .
brodio <BROD-yo> [ˡbrɔdjɔ] (verb)
1 embroider
:_______________________________ .
brodorol <bro-DOO-rol> [brɔˡdoˑrɔl] adjective
1 indigenous
2 y Cymry brodorol the native
Welsh (as distinct from Welsh immigrants from other parts of Wales, or English
immigrants)
3 iaith frodorol native
language
4 native = of one's birth
Y mae Eirinwg yn wlad frodorol un o'r rhai mwyaf enwog o'r Seintiau Cymreig, sef Dyfrig Sant.
Eirinwg is the native country of one of the most famous of the Welsh saints,
namely Saint Dyfrig
(Eirinwg, cylchgrawn Cymru 1915)
ETYMOLOGY: (brodor = native) + (-ol suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________ .
brodwaith <BROD-waith> [ˡbrɔdwaɪθ] (masculine noun)
1 embroidery
ETYMOLOGY: (brod-, stem of the verb brodio = to embroider) +
(-io verb suffix)
:_______________________________
.
brodyr <BROO-dir> [ˡbroˑdɪr]
1 brothers; plural form
of brawd (= brother, friar)
:_______________________________ .
broetsh <broich> [brɔɪʧ] feminine noun
PLURAL broetshis <BROI-chis> [ˡbrɔɪʧɪs]
1 brooch
y froetsh = the brooch
ETYMOLOGY: English brooch < French broche <
Vulgar Latin *broca < Latin brochus (= projecting)
:_______________________________ .
broga <BROO-ga> [ˡbroˑga] masculine noun
PLURAL brogaod, brogáid, brogáed <bro-GAA-od, bro-GAID, bro-GAID> [brɔˡgɑˑɔd, brɔˡgaɪd,
brɔˡgaɪd]
1 (South Wales) common frog Rana
temporaria
(delwedd 7213)
broga du dark frog
broga melyn yellow frog
bwyd y broga (Ceredigion) mushroom (“food of the frog”)
grifft broga frogspawn
mor ddifater â broga melyn bach as indifferent / unconcerend as a little yellow
frog
2 types of frog
..1/ broga bwytadwy or llyffant bwytadwy (Rana escuelenta) edible frog
..2/ broga’r dŵr or llyffant y dŵr (Rana lessonae) pool
frog
..3/ broga’r gors or llyffant y gors (Rana ridibunda) marsh frog
3 There is a farm called Pwllyfroga
south of Cilái Uchaf, Abertawe: (the) pool (of) the frog (retaining the
original form froga before this was rationalised into broga, see
etymology below.
Unlikely to be an instance of broga as a feminine noun, with the usual
soft mutation after the definite article)
ETYMOLOGY: broga < froga < dialectal Middle English vrogge
< frogge.
Cf German der Frosch (= the frog)
(1) In south-west England initial <f> [f] > <v> [v]
(2) In Welsh, the initial <v> [v]
was treated as a consonant
with soft mutation, and a radical form with “b” came about – i.e. froga was
replaced by broga
NOTE: (1) also ffroga (i.e. with <f> [f]) < English frogge
(2) North Wales has llyffant melyn
:_______________________________ .
brogar <BROO-gar> [ˡbroˑgar] adjective
1 loving one's district, having affection for one's native place,
attached to one's home area
ETYMOLOGY: (brogar = fond of one’s home area) + (-gar, suffix =
‘showing love for, having love for’). The notional basis of the word brogarwch
. If brogar is in use (I have no examples of it) it is in fact taken
from brogarwch with the subtraction of the noun suffix
:_______________________________ .
brogarwch <bro-GAA-rukh> [brɔˡgɑˑrʊx] masculine noun
1 love of one's district, affection for one's native place,
attachment to one's home area
ETYMOLOGY: A word first noted in 1912, according to Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru
(University of Wales Dictionary); (brogar = fond of one’s home area) + (-wch,
suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________ .
Brogynin <broo GƏ-nin> [broː ˡgənɪn]
1 (SN6684) farm in
Trefeurig (county of Ceredigion), north-west of Goginan. Birthplace of poet
Dafydd ap Gwilym (fl. 1340-1370).
2 House name (as “Bro Gynin”) in Aberystwyth (county of Ceredigion) (in the
list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion”
1961 / Part 1)
ETYMOLOGY: apparently “district of Cynin” (bro = district; lowland) +
soft mutation + (Cynin). This male personal name also occurs in
Caerfyrddin county where there is Llangynin (“church of (saint) Cynin”)
:_______________________________ .
Bro-hedd <broo HEEDH> [broː
ˡheːð]
1 House name in Ponciau
(county of Wrecsam)
(in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of
Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1) (as “Bro Hedd”)
ETYMOLOGY: “district (of) peace” (bro = district) + (hedd =
peace)
:_______________________________ .
brolgar <BROL-gar> [ˡbrɔlgar] (adjective)
1 boastful
:_______________________________ .
brolgi, PLURAL: brolgwn <BROL-gi,
BROL-gun> [ˡbrɔlgɪ, ˡbrɔlgʊn] (masculine noun)
1 boaster ETYMOLOGY: (brol- stem of brolio = to
brag) land (of) peace” (bro = district) + (hedd = peace) :_______________________________
.
broli, PLURAL: brolis <BRO-li, BRO-liz> [ˡbrɔlɪ, ˡbrɔlɪz] (masculine noun)
1 brolly, umbrella
:_______________________________ .
brolian <BROL-yan> [ˡbrɔljan] (verb)
1 to boast
:_______________________________ .
brolio <BROL-yo> [ˡbrɔljɔ] (verb)
1 to boast
2 ei frolio ei hun <i
VROL-yo i HIIN> [ɪ ˡvrɔljɔ ɪ ˡhiːn] show off
:_______________________________ .
broliwr, PLURAL: brolwyr <BROL-yur, BROL-wir> [ˡbrɔljʊr, ˡbrɔlwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 boaster, show-off
:_______________________________ .
Bro Machno <broo MAKH-no> [broː ˡmaxnɔ]
1 the district around the
Machno river SH8053 (The river rises 4km north-east of Blaenau
Ffestiniog and flows through the hamlet of Cwmpenmachno, down the valley of Cwm
Penmachno and throught the village of Penmachno to join Afon Conwy in
Betws-y-coed).
One of the sixty seats on the county council is for the councillor representing
“Bro Machno / Betws-y-coed”.
(delwedd 7459)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/598329
Cwmpenmachno SH7547
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=315415
Penmachno SH7950
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/173780
Betws-y-coed SH7956
ETYMOLOGY: (bro = district) + (Machno = river name)
:_______________________________ .
Bro Madog <broo MAA-dog> [broː ˡmɑˑdɔg]
1 the district of Porthmadog
and Tremadog
Eisteddfod Bro Madog 1987 The National Eisteddfod, held in Porthmadog in
1987
ETYMOLOGY: “(the)
district (of) (Porth) Madog (and Tremadog)”
(bro = district) + (Madog)
NOTE: Tremadog (Gwynedd). Originally spelt Tremadoc. A
small planned town built by William Alexander Madocks after he had purchased
the land here in 1798. He had been brought up in London but was from a Sir
Ddinbych / Denbighshire family.
Tremadoc “(the) town (of) Madoc” (tre = town) + (Madoc).
Porthmadog (originally Portmadoc) came into existence around 1811 after the
completion of Y Còb and the reclamation of Y Traeth Mawr.
Although the name could be
said to be an anglicised form based on Welsh Porthmadog (indeed, the
present name) Porthmadog “(the) port (of) Madog” (porth = port) +
(Madoc), it may be modelled on the anglicised name of Porteinon in the Gŵyr
Peninsula in South Wales (Welsh: Portheinon), where Einon is a male forename;
Similar forms are anglicised Manx names (Port Erin, Port St. Mary) or
anglicised Scottish names.
:_______________________________
.
bron 1 PLURAL: bronnau <BRON,
BRO-nai, -ne> [brɔn, ˡbrɔnaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 woman's breast
y fron = the breast
yr hollt rhwng y bronnau cleavage between a woman’s breasts
(“the cleavage / split between the breasts”)
yr agen rhwng y bronnau cleavage between a woman's breasts
(“the cleavage / split between the breasts”)
rhigol y bronnau cleavage between a woman's breasts
(“the groove / cleavage (of) the breasts”)
2 bird's breast
bronfraith thrush (“speckled breast”)
brongoch robin (“red breast”)
telor brongoch (Subalpine Warbler, Sylvia cantillans)
gwybedog brongoch (Red-breasted Flycatcher, Ficedula parva)
gylfindew brongoch (Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Pheucticus
ludovicianus)
:_______________________________ .
bron 2 PLURAL: bronnydd <BRON,
BRO-nidh> [brɔn, ˡbrɔnɪð] (feminine noun)
1 breast-shaped hill
y fron = the hill
2 Heulfron (House name or
street name) sunny hill
heul fron (heul, tonic syllable form of haul = sun) + soft
mutation + (bron = hill)
(There is also an incorrect form Haulfron commonly found in such names)
4 Hirfron long hill
hir fron (hir = long) + soft mutation + ( bron = hill)
5 Fron-deg (“fair hill”) house name
6 lledfron slope
Lledfron SJ1120 farm overlooking Nant Fyllon, 2km north-west of
Llanfyllin (Powys)
(lled = half ) + soft mutation + ( bron = hill)
:_______________________________ .
bron 3 - <bron> [brɔn] (adverb)
1 almost
bron yn barod <bron ən
BAA-rod> [brɔn ən ˡbɑˑrɔd] almost ready
2 bu bron i he / she / it
almost...
Bu bron i mi lewygu I nearly fainted, my heart stood still
3 byth bron hardly ever, almost
never
Dyw e byth bron yn smygu He hardly ever smokes
4 bron na... hardly
Bron na wn i beth i’w wneud I hardly know what to do
5 bron â (+ verbnoun) almost
mae e bron â (+ verbnoun) he is almost (sometimes simply bron,
with â omitted)
Bu hi bron â pheidio â dod She almost didn’t come
Bu e bron â chwympo He nearly fell
Roedd hi bron â disgyn She nearly fainted / fell
Roedd hi bron â marw She nearly died
Rw i bron _ ffaelu â symud I can hardly move ( _ = omitted word)
(= Rw i bron â ffaelu â symud)
Roeddwn i bron â marw o eisiau chwerthin > oon i bron _ marw ishe
hwerthin ( _ = omitted word)
I nearly died trying not to laugh
Mae bron â bod yn barod It’s almost ready
Rw i bron â gorffen y traethawd I’ve almost finished the thesis
NOTE: (bron = almost) + (â = with)
:_______________________________
.
Bron-deg <bron DEEG> [brɔn ˡdeːg]
1 street name in Heolgerrig,
Merthyrtudful
2 Parc-bron-deg street name in Diserth (Conwy) (“Parc Bron
Deg”)
parc Bron-deg “(the) park (of) Bron-deg”.
ETYMOLOGY: bron deg “fair hill” (bron = round hill; woman’s
breast) + soft mutation + (teg = fair, bonnie)
:_______________________________ .
bronfraith, PLURAL: bronfreithiaid <BRON-vraith, -vreth, bron-VREITH-yaid, -yed> [ˡbrɔnvraɪθ, -ɛθ,
brɔnˡvrəɪθjaɪd, -ɛd] (feminine noun)
1 thrush
y fronfraith = the thrush
ETYMOLOGY: “speckled breast” (bron = breast) + soft mutation + (braith,
feminine form of the adjective brith = speckled)
:_______________________________ .
Bronheulwen <bron-HEIL-wen> [brɔnˡhəɪlwɛn] (feminine noun)
1 Farm name
..a/ SN9285 Near Llanidloes
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/532338
..b/ SN9478 Farm south of Cwmbelan
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN9478
ETYMOLOGY: bron yr heulwen “(the) hill (of) the sunshine” (bron =
hill; breast) + (yr definite article) + (heulwen = sunshine)
:_______________________________ .
bronnoeth <BRO-noith, -noth> [ˡbrɔnɔɪθ, -ɔθ] (adjective)
1 bare-breasted ETYMOLOGY: “bare / naked breast” (bron
= breast) + (noeth = bare, naked, unclothed)
:_______________________________ .
bronnog <BRO-nog> [ˡbrɔnɔg] (adjective)
1 having large breasts
ETYMOLOGY: (bronn- < bron = breast) + (-og sufix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________ .
Bronolau ‹bron OO-lai, -e›
1 house name
..a/ (spelt as ‘Bronolau’) (former?) place in Boduan SH3237, Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=303762
Boduan
..b/ (spelt as ‘Bronolau’) Adysgrifau'r Esgob Plwyf Llanfachreth 1823 / Bishop's Transcripts
Llanfachreth 1823 Notes the baptism
on Oct 5 1823 of Gwen, daughter of Evan Williams, labourer, and his wife Mary,
of “Bronolau or Ty Newydd Penrhos” (“Bronolau”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/241655
(Lanfachreth SH7522)
..c/ (spelt as ‘Bron
Olau’) house at Rhyd-y-sarn
SH6942, Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH6942
Rhyd-y-sarn
ETYMOLOGY: "light
hill, sunlit hill” Bronolau < bron olau (bron = breast) + soft mutaiton + (golau
= light, clear). Cf Bryngolau
:_______________________________
.
bronwen <BRON-wen> [ˡbrɔnwɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL bronwennod <bron-WE-nod> [brɔnˡwɛnɔd]
1 weasel
y fronwen = the weasel
2 Mi glywais i’r stori gan fronwen I heard it throught the
grapevine; A little bird told me (“I heard the story from a weasel”)
(if not the bird bronwen y dŵr Cinclus cinclus dipper)
3 weak tea (or beer)
piso / pisho bronwen (" weasel's piss ")
ETYMOLOGY: bron wen (bron = breast) + soft mutation + (gwen,
feminine form of gwyn = white)
:_______________________________ .
Bronwen <BRON-wen> [ˡbrɔnwɛn] feminine noun
1 woman's name
ETYMOLOGY: bron wen (bron = breast) + soft mutation + (gwen,
feminine form of gwyn = fair / beautiful / white)
NOTE: There is also a name with the same elements reversed: Gwenfron
:_______________________________ .
bronwen y dŵr <BRON-wen ə DUUR> [ˡbrɔnwɛn ə ˡduːr] feminine noun
PLURAL bronwennod y dŵr <bron-WE-nod ə DUUR> [brɔnˡwɛnɔd ə ˡduːr]
1 (Ornithology) Cinclus
cinclus dipper
(Also trochwr, Wil y dŵr, aderyn du'r dŵr, tresglen y dŵr)
ETYMOLOGY: “white breast of the water” (bronwen = white breast) + (y
= definite article) + (dŵr = water)
:_______________________________ .
Bron-y-glyn <bron ə GLIN> [brɔn ə ˡglɪn]
1 house name in Eastcote,
Ruislip, Middlesex (in the list of members in “The Transactions of the
Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1) (“Bron y Glyn”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) hill (overlooking) the valley”) (bron = hill) + (y
= definite article) + (glyn = valley)
:_______________________________ .
Bro Ogwen <broo OG-wen> [broː ˡɔgwɛn] feminine
noun
1 ‘Ogwen Country’, the
district around the river Ogwen, the focal point of which is the town of
Bethesda SH6266
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH6266
2 Bro-ogwen (“Bro Ogwen”) house name, Bangor (Gwynedd)
(delwedd 7536)
:_______________________________ .
Bro Ogwr <broo OO-gur> [broː ˡoˑgʊr] feminine
noun
1 ‘Ogwr Country’, the district
around the river Ogwr, the focal point of which is the town of Pen-y-bont ar
Ogwr
Yn 1995 cynhaliwyd Gwyl Cerdd Dant Cymru Bro Ogwr yn Ysgol Gyfun Bryntirion In 1995 the
Wales Harp Music Festival (located that year in) Bro Ogwr was held in Bryntirion
Comprehensive School (= coeducational High School)
Cafodd Menter Bro Ogwr ei sefydlu yn Hydref 1998 gan griw o
wirfoddolwyr lleol yn dilyn Eisteddfod Pen-coed 1997 The Centre for the Promotion of the Welsh Language of Bro Ogwr was set up
by a group of volunteers following the National Eisteddfod in Pen-coed in 1997
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) country (of the river) Ogwr” (bro = country, area,
zone, district) + (Ogwr = name of a river)
:_______________________________ .
Bro'r Cymry <broor KƏM-ri> [broːr ˡkəmrɪ] feminine noun
1 (History) Welshry,
district occupied by the Welsh (in a territory divided between Welsh and
English inhabitants)
ETYMOLOGY: (bro = district) + (y = definite article ) + (Cymry =
Welsh people)
:_______________________________ .
Bro Tegid <broo TEE-gid> [broː ˡteˑgɪd] feminine noun
1 the district around the
town of Y Bala in north Wales (the town is situated at the mouth of the lake
known as Llyn
Tegid, Englished as ‘Bala Lake’), ‘Tegid Country’
Llyfrgell Bro Tegid Name of the public library in the town of Y Bala
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) country (of the lake) Tegid” (bro = country, area,
zone, district) + (Llyn) Tegid = name of a lake)
:_______________________________ .
brown <BROUN> [brɔʊn] (adjective)
1 brown
esgidiau brown brown shoes
sgwert frown a brown skirt
trowsus brown brown trousers
arth frown brown bear (Ursus arctos)
:_______________________________
.
brud <BRIID> [ˡbriːd] masculine
noun
PLURAL brudiau <BRID-yai, -e> [ˡbrɪdjaɪ, -ɛ]
Although brud is given as the headword in the Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru
/ University of Wales Dictionary this word is more usually found in titles of
chronicles with a final ‘t’ – brut, plural brutiau
1
chronicle, history
Y Brutiau Cymraeg The Welsh Chronicles
(1) Brut Gruffudd ab Arthur name given in the Myvyrian Archaiology of
Wales (1801) to one of the longer translated versions of Brut y Brenhinedd
(2) Brut Tysilio name given in the Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales
(1801) to a shorter translated version of Brut y Brenhinedd, in the
belief that the original author was Tysilio.
(3) Brut y Brenhinedd The Chronicle of the Kings. Welsh translation of
the Latin text c. 1136 “Historia Regum Britataniae” by Sieffre o Fynwy
(Geoffrey of Monmouth). There are about six or seven different translations,
the earliest dating from 1200s.
(4) Brut y Brytaniaid Chronicle of the Britons, name given to some of
the versions of Brut y Brenhinedd
(5) Brut y Saeson Chronicle of the Saxon Kings
(6) Brut y Tywysogion Chronicle of the (Welsh) Princes = a medieval
Welsh translation of a lost Latin text “Cronica Principum Wallie”. This text
was written at the end of the 1200s in Ystrad Fflur (Strata Florida) monastery,
in the county of Ceredigion.
2 prophesy (this sense developed because the chronicles
contained prophecies)
cywyddau brud vaticinatory poems
Lefiticus 20:27 Gŵr neu wraig a fo ganddynt
ysbryd dewiniaeth, neu frud,
hwy a leddir yn farw; â cherrig y llabyddiant hwynt;
eu gwaed fydd arnynt eu
hunain.
Leviticus 20:27 A man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit, or that is a
wizard, shall surely be put to death: they shall stone them with stones: their
blood shall be upon them.
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh brud / brut < French brut < Latin Brutus.
It refers to “Brutus of Troy”, a mythical figure who was supposed to have been
the first king of the Britons.
The French expression “Roman de Brut” (= story of Brutus) became simply “Brut”
(= the “(story of) Brutus”, the
“Brutus”), and from this it came to mean “chronicle, story” in general.
The word was taken into Welsh with the sense of “chronicle of the island of
Britain” or “chronicle of Wales”.
The name is Latin brûtus (= heavy, stupid, irrational); and from this
English “brute” (= cruel person).
As a name, cf Marcus Junius Brutus 85?BC-42BC, one of the assassins of Julius
Caesar
NOTE: In borrowings from English, final –t tended to become –d: Cocsed
(place name in Ceredigion (= woodland glade), < English cockshoot (=
woodland glade; glade through wich woodcock shoot or dash and are caught in
nets)); poced (= pocket), roced (= rocket), etc
:_______________________________ .
brudiwr <BRID-yur> [ˡbrɪdjʊr] masculine
noun
PLURAL brudwyr <BRID-wir> [ˡbrɪdwɪr]
1 diviner, soothsayer, magician, wizard
Lefiticus 20:6 A'r dyn a dro ar ôl dewiniaid, a
brudwyr, i buteinio ar eu hôl hwynt;
gosodaf fy wyneb yn erbyn y dyn
hwnnw hefyd, a thorraf ef ymaith o fysg ei
bobl.
Leviticus 20:6 And the soul that turneth after such as have familiar spirits,
and after wizards, to go a whoring after them, I will even set my face against
that soul, and will cut him off from among his people.
Daniel 5:7 Gwaeddodd y brenin yn groch am ddwyn i mewn yr astronomyddion, y
Caldeaid, a'r brudwyr: a llefarodd y brenin, a dywedodd wrth ddoethion Babilon,
Pa ddyn bynnag a ddarlleno yr ysgrifen hon, ac a ddangoso i mi ei dehongliad,
efe a wisgir â phorffor, ac a gaiff gadwyn aur am ei wddf, a chaiff lywodraethu
yn drydydd yn y deyrnas.
Daniel 5:7 The king cried aloud to bring in the astrologers, the Chaldeans, and
the soothsayers. And the king spake, and said to the wise men of Babylon,
Whosoever shall read this writing, and show me the interpretation thereof,
shall be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about his neck, and
shall be the third ruler in the kingdom.
ETYMOLOGY: (brud = prophecy) + (i-wr, suffix = ‘man’)
:_______________________________ .
brut <BRIIT> [ˡbriːt] masculine
noun
1 See brud
:_______________________________ .
Brulhai <BRIL-hai> [ˡbrɪlhaɪ] feminine noun
1 SO2649 Village in the English county of
Hereford-and-Worcester, 8km north-east of the Welsh border town of Y Gelligandryll /
Y Gelli (“Hay on Wye”)
English name “Brilley”.
(delwedd 7217)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/910576
ETYMOLOGY: Adaptation of the English name “Brilley”.
:_______________________________ .
brwd <BRUUD> [bruːd] (adjective)
1 passionate, enthusiastic
:_______________________________ .
brwdfrydedd <brud-VRƏ-dedh> [brʊdˡvrədɛð] (masculine
noun)
1 enthusiasm
:_______________________________ .
Brwmffild ‹BRUM-fild› [ˡbrʊmfɪld]
1 Broomfield
Arglwyddiaeth Brwmffild ac Iâl the Lordship of Broomfield and Yale
:_______________________________ .
brwnt <BRUNT> [ˡbrʊnt] (adjective)
(South Wales)
1 dirty
:_______________________________ .
brwsh, PLURAL:
brwshus <BRUSH, BRU-shis> [brʊʃ, ˡbrʊʃɪs] (masculine
noun)
1 brush
:_______________________________ .
brwshad <BRU-shad> [ˡbrʊʃad] masculine
noun
PLURAL brwshadau <bru-SHAA-dai, -e> [brʊˡʃɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 brush = action
of brushing, brushing, act of using a brush
rhoi brwshad i (rywbeth) give a brush
to something
See: brwshad
2
brushstroke
ETYMOLOGY: brwshad > brwsiad < (brwsi- stem of brwsio
= to brush) + (-ad suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________ .
brwsh dannedd <brush DA-nedh> [brʊʃ ˡdanɛð] (masculine
noun)
1 toothbrush
:_______________________________ .
brwsh gwallt <brush GWALHT> [brʊʃ ˡgwaɬt] (masculine
noun)
1 hair brush
:_______________________________ .
brwshio <BRUSH-yo> [ˡbrʊʃjɔ] (verb)
1 to brush
:_______________________________ .
brwsiad <BRU-shad> [ˡbrʊʃad] masculine
noun
PLURAL brwsiadau <bru-SHAA-dai, -e> [brʊˡʃɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 brush = action of brushing
See: brwshad
:_______________________________ .
brwydr (= ‘brwydyr’) PLURAL:
brwydrau <BRUI-dir,
BRUI-drai, -e> [ˡbrʊɪdɪr, ˡbrʊɪdraɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 battle, fight, struggle
y frwydr = the
struggle
2 mynd yn frwydr erchyll (“to go into a terrible
fight”)
Aeth
yn frwydr erchyll = A terrible fight broke out
:_______________________________ .
brwydro <BRUI-dro> [ˡbrʊɪdrɔ] (verb)
1 to fight, to struggle
:_______________________________ .
brwynen <BRUI-nen> [ˡbrʊɪnɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL brwyn <BRUIN> [ˡbrʊɪn]
1 rush = plant of genus Juncus, family Juncaceae, which
grows in marshy ground
y frwynen = the rush
2 rush
= stem of this plant used to make chair bottoms, baskets, mats
3 fel
brwyn = (legs) gone weak at the knees (“like
rushes”)
4 Brwynen-las
‘green rush’ street name in Bryn-coch, Castell-nedd
5 llafrwynen
rush, bulrush
darlun o Moses yn ei gawell llafrwyn ar fin yr afon
a picture of Moses in his crib of rushes on the bank of the river
llafrwynen is the
singular form, representing (llafrwyn =
rushes) + (-en suffix added to nouns to make a singular form out of a
collective noun or plural noun)
The etymology of the word: llafrwyn <
*llawfrwyn < *llawrfrwyn (llawr
= ground) + soft mutation + (brwyn =
rushes)
ETYMOLOGY: (brwyn = rushes) +
(singulative suffix -en); brwyn <
British.
From the same British root: Cornish broennenn (= rush), Breton broenenn
(= rush)
:_______________________________ .
brwyniad <BRUIN-yad> [ˡbrʊɪnjad] masculine
noun
PLURAL brwyniaid <BRUIN-yaid, -yed> [ˡbrʊɪnjaɪd, -ɛd]
1 brwyniaid Osmeridae
2
(Osmerus eperlanus) brwyniad Conwy (m), brwyniaid Conwy smelt, European
smelt, sparling
ETYMOLOGY: (brwyn = rushes) +
(-i-ad noun-forming suffix) (because the sparling is said to smell of
rushes)
:_______________________________ .
1 brych <BRIIKH> [briːx] adjective
Feminine
form: brech
1 spotted (having a pattern of marks), brindled (having
dark patches on a background of brown or grey)
cilfilyn brych
gyddfir yw'r jiráff
The giraffe is a spotted long-necked ruminant
cath frech tabby cat
Y Foel Frech The Speckled Hill (from variegated vegetation)
Y Garreg-frech street name in Penrhyndeudraeth, Gwynedd (“the speckled
stone”)
tylluan frech (Strix aluco) tawny owl
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *brikk- < Celtic; the feminine form brech
< *brikk-â
Breton: brec'h (= pox, smallpox)
From the same Celtic root: Irish breac (= spotted), Scottish breac
(= spotted), Manx breck (= spotted)
NOTE: feminine form is brech <BREEKH> [breːx],
plural form brychion <BRƏKH-yon> [ˡbrəxjɔn]
:_______________________________ .
2 brych <BRIIKH> [briːx] masculine
noun
PLURAL brychau <BRƏ-khai, -e> [ˡbrəxaɪ, -ɛ]
1 spot
(North Wales) brychau haul freckles
2
stain, blemish, defect
pigo brychau find fault, look for faults
Hawdd pigo brychau it’s easy to find fault (instead of praising what is
good in a person, something good that a person has done or made, etc)
Nid yw'r llyfr newydd
heb ei frychau The new book isn’t without its faults
3 brychau
gwlân: (North-west Wales) flocks of sheep
ETYMOLOGY: See brych (adjective)
– the noun was originally an adjective
NOTE: Also forms with -yn;
(1) brychyn <BRƏ-khin> [ˡbrəxɪn] (-yn as a
diminutive suffix), (2) there is a singular form based on the plural: brycheuyn <brə-KHEI-in> [brəˡxəɪɪn] < (brychau
+ -yn) with singulative suffix -yn
:_______________________________ .
3 brych <BRIIKH> [briːx] masculine
noun
PLURAL brychod <BRƏ-khod> [ˡbrəxɔd]
1 afterbirth, placenta
bwrw'r brych expel the
afterbirth
2
(North-west Wales) edrych fel brych (said
of a sorry-looking person, miserable person) (“look like afterbirth”)
3 bwrw'r
crwt bant a chadw’r brych (“throw
away the infant and keep the afterbirth”) In dealing with some problem, to
propose a solution which makes the problem worse; to eliminate the advantages
of a situation and yet keep the disadvantages; to throw the baby out with the
bathwater
Also: cadw'r brych a lluchio’r babi (“keep
the afterbirth and throw (away) the baby”)
4
speckled bird
brych y fuches (qv) Motacilla alba =
pied wagtail (“(of) the milking fold”)
brych y cae (qv) Prunella modularis =
hedge sparrow (“(of) the field”)
brych y coed (qv) Turdus viscivorus =
mistle thrush (“(of) the wood”)
5
speckled fish; (county of Ceredigion) brych y
dail = sea trout (“trout (of) the leaves”)
ETYMOLOGY: See brych (adjective)
– the noun was originally an adjective
:_______________________________ .
Brychdwn <BRƏKH-dun> [ˡbrəxdʊn]
1 (SS9270) locality in the county of Bro Morgannwg
English name: Broughton
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/374656
ETYMOLOGY: from the English name
:_______________________________ .
Brycheiniog <brə-KHEIN-yog> [brəˡxəɪnjɔg] (feminine
noun)
1 old territory in the south-east “territory of Brychan”,
Brychan + -iog.
Englished
as Brecknock (the suffix –iog in the south is –og, and so Brecknock this would
be from a local form Brycheinog / Brychinog). This form of the name was also
given to the English-type county (also called Brecknockshire). The county was
made up of the old Brycheiniog lands along with those of the district of Buellt
(which had become the lordship of Builth under the Normans).
The town however came to be called Brecon (apparently a Norman-French or
English Brecon approximation of the name Brychan), and the county was known in
modern times more usually as Breconshire.
Brecknock occurs as a transferred place name in
1/
Brecknock Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania;
2/ Brecknock Hall, by Greenport on Long Island, New York,
built in 1857 by David Geiston Floyd, a
grandson of William Floyd, one of the signers of the American Declaration of
Independence, and called Brecknock because the Floyd family originated in this
part of Wales;
3/ Cape Brecknock, in the Chilean archipelago 60 miles
north-west of Cape Horn.
:_______________________________ .
bryd <BRIID> [briːd] masculine
noun
PLURAL brydiau <BRƏD-yai, -e> [ˡbrədjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 mind, intent
Brenhinoedd-1 8:17 Ac yr oedd ym mryd Dafydd fy
nhad adeiladu ty i enw Arglwydd
Dduw Israel
Kings-1 8:17 And it was in the heart of David my father to build an house for
the name of the Lord God of Israel.
2
mind, intent
Wele'n sefyll rhwng y myrtwydd /
Wrthrych teilwng o'm holl fryd /
Er o ran yr wy'n ei 'nabod / Ef uwchlaw
gwrthrychau'r byd / Henffych
fore! / Caf ei weled fel y mae (Cwm Rhondda)
Behold standing among the myrtle trees / the worthy object of all my desire /
Though I know him but partially / over the objects of the world / Hail to the
morning! / I shall be able to see him as he is (from the hymn “Cwm Rhondda”)
3 bod â'ch bryd ar to
wish to (do something)
Euthum i mewn i'r siop ddillad â'm bryd ar
ddysgu rhai gwersi mewn steil
I went into the clothes shop wanting to learn some lessons about style
4 ei
fryd yn rhedeg ar be inclined towards
Ond ar y weinidogaeth y rhedodd ei fryd yn bennaf but he was mostly
inclined towards the ministry, he had his heart set on being a minister of
religion
5 mynd
â'ch bryd (“take your mind”) to interest most of all,
to fire someone (with interest), to be one's main interest
Uchelgais 'nhad oedd imi fod yn glerc banc. Fues i 'rioed isho bod.
Barddoniaeth oedd yn mynd â 'mryd i.
My father wanted me to be a bank clerk. I never wanted to be. Poetry was what
interested me most
6 awyddfryd keenness,
zeal
(awydd-, y = <ə> [ə], < awydd y = <i> [ɪ], =
desire) + soft mutation + (bryd = mind,
intention)
Rhufeiniaid 8:19 Canys awyddfryd y creadur sydd yn disgwyl am ddatguddiad
meibion Duw
Romans 8:19 For the earnest expectation of the creature waiteth for the
manifestation of the sons of God.
Philipiaid 1:20 Yn ôl fy awyddfryd a'm gobaith, na'm gwaradwyddir mewn dim,
eithr mewn pob hyder, fel bob amser, felly yr awron hefyd, y mawrygir Crist yn
fy nghorff i, pa un bynnag ai trwy fywyd, ai trwy farwolaeth.
Philippians 1:20 According to my earnest expectation and my hope, that in
nothing I shall be ashamed, but that with all boldness, as always, so now also
Christ shall be magnified in my body, whether it be by life, or by death.
7 mawrfrydig magnanimous
(mawr = great) + soft mutation + (bryd =
mind) + (-ig adjectival suffix)
8 rhyddfrydol
liberal
(rhydd = free) + soft mutation + (bryd =
mind) + (-ol adjectival suffix)
9 hyfryd
pleasant (hy- = intensifying prefix ) + soft mutation + (bryd =
mind)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *bret-
From the same British root: Cornish brez (= mind, intention)
From the same Celtic root: Irish breith (= judgement, decision)
:_______________________________ .
brygowthan <brə-GOU-than> [brəˡgɔʊθan] verb
1 rant
2 brygowthan ar (rywun) go on
at (somebody)
:_______________________________ .
brygowthwr <brə-GOU-thur> [brəˡgɔʊθʊr] m
PLURAL brygowthwyr <brə-GOUTH-wir> [brəˡgɔʊθwɪr]
1 ranter = person who rants, who talks in a noisy and
excited manner
2 Brygowthwr
‘Ranter’ = one of a movement in England around 1650 which rejected
Predestination and believed in Universal Salvation and liberation from all
legal and moral restraints
ETYMOLOGY: (brygowth- stem of brygowthian = jabber, rant, talk
excitedly) +
(-i-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________ .
bryn (1) PLURAL: bryniau <BRIN, BRƏN-yai, -e> [brɪn, ˡbrənjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1 hill
bryn uchel a high hill, a big hill
bryn mawr a high hill, a big hill
bryn bach a low hill, a small hill
2
Element in house names and street names:
Delfryn house name
and street name
(in origin, a northern word) fair hill
(del = pretty, in northern Welsh) + soft mutation + (bryn =
hill)
Gwelfryn (house name
and street name) hill view
(gwêl = view) + soft mutation + (bryn =
hill)
Heulfryn (house name or street name) sunny hill
(heul, tonic syllable form of haul) + soft mutation + (bryn =
hill)
(There is also an incorrect form Haulfryn)
Is-y-bryn (“below the hill”) street name in Trefychan (county of
Caerfyrddin) (spelt as “ Is Y Bryn”)
Is-y-bryniau (“below the hills”) street name in Cwmllynfell
(Castell-nedd ac Abertawe) (spelt as “Is-Y-Bryniau”)
Tai-ar-y-bryn street name
in Llanfair ym Muallt (Powys)
y tai ar y bryn
(“the houses on the hill”)
(y = definite article, the) + (tai = houses, plural of tŷ
= house) + (ar = on) + (y = definite article, the) + (bryn =
hill)
3 hirfryn long
hill
(hir = long) + soft mutation + ( bryn =
hill)
Hirfryn division
(kúmmud / 'cwmwd') of Cantref Bychan, in Ystrad Tywi (South-west Wales) Caerhirfryn
Lancaster, England (“(the) Roman fort (at) Hirfryn”)
4 gwynfryn white
hill
“blessed hill” (gwyn- <ə> [ə],
penult form of gwyn <i> [ɪ]) +
soft mutation + (bryn = hill)
5 used especially with names of rivers flowing at the foot
of the hill
..a/ Brynaman (“hill (overlooking the) Aman (river)”)
..........1) Village name (county of Carfyrddin) (Formerly Y Gwter-fawr, but
the station opened in 1864 on the Swansea Vale Railway was named “Brynamman”
(?because of the unpleasant connotation of the English word ‘gutter’)
..b/ Bryncynon (“hill (overlooking the) Cynon (river)”)
..........1) Street name in Hirwaun (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (spelt as
“Bryncynon”)
..c/ Bryndulais (“hill (overlooking the) Dulais (river)”)
..........1) Farm name in Blaendulais / Seven Sisters (county of Castell-nedd
ac Aberafan) (spelt as “Bryndulais”)
..d/ Bryndyfi (“hill (overlooking the) Dyfi (river)”)
..........1) Former mine SN6893 near Y Ffwrnais (county of Ceredigion) (spelt
as “Bryndyfi”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/23482
..........2) street name in Dinas Mawddwy (spelt as “Bryndyfi”)
..e/ Brynelwy (“hill (overlooking the) Elwy (river)”) (spelt as “Bryn
Elwy”)
..........1) Street name in Llanelwy / St. Asaph (county of Y Fflint)
..f/ Brynfyrnwy SJ2320 (“hill (overlooking the) Efyrnwy (river)”) (spelt
as “Bryn Vyrnwy”)
..........1) Name of a farm in name in Llansanffráid ym Mechain
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/568062
..g/ Bryngwenfro (“hill (overlooking the) Gwenfro (river)”) (spelt as
“Bryn Gwenfro”)
..........1) Street name in Tan-y-fron, Wrecsam
..h/ Bryn-gwy (“hill (overlooking the) Gwy / Wye (river)”) (spelt as
“Bryngwy”)
..........1) House (bungalow) name in Rhaeadr-gwy (Powys)
..i/ Brynhafren “(the) hill (overlooking the river) Hafren” (“Severn” in
English) (spelt as “Bryn Hafren”)
..........1) Street name in Crew Green, Llandrinio (in the district of Maldwyn,
county of Powys)
(SJ3215)
..j/ Bryn-lliw “(the) hill
(overlooking the river) Lliw” (bryn =
hill) + (Lliw)
..........1) locality in the county of Caerfyrddin
..k/ Brynogwen “(the) hill
(overlooking the river) Ogwen” (bryn =
hill) + (Ogwen)
..........1) street in Bangor in the county of Gwynedd
..l/ Bryn-taf “(the) hill (overlooking the river) Taf”
Street name
..........1) Aber-fan (county of Merthyrtudful) (spelt as “Bryntaf”)
..........2) Cefncoedycymer (county of Merthyrtudful)
(spelt as “Bryntaf”)
..m/ Brynteifi (SN4539)
“(the) hill (overlooking the river) Teifi” (bryn =
hill) + (Teifi river name)
..........1) locality in the county of Caerfyrddin
..n/ Brynystwyth “(the)
hill (overlooking the river) ystwyth” (bryn =
hill) + (Ystwyth river name)
..........1) street name in Penparcau, Aberystwyth (county of Ceredigion)
6 arianfryn
silver hill, silvery hill
Arianfryn House name, Y Bermo (county of Gwynedd)
(arian = silver ) + soft mutation + ( bryn = hill)
bryn occurs curiously without the definite article in some names with
the name of a tree. Although the linking definite article is often omitted in
place names, any soft mutation caused will remain.
Thus in the following names, there is nothing particularly surprising, as the
qualifying element doed not have an initial soft-mutable consonant:
Brynhelygen (Pendeulwyn, Bro Morgannwg) (instead of bryn yr helygen)
(“willow hill”)
Brynonnen (instead of bryn yr onnen) (“ash hill”)
But these do, and there is no trace of the soft mutation:
Brynderwen (qv) (instead of bryn dderwen, bryn y dderwen) (“oak
hill”)
Brynbedwen (instead of bryn fedwen, bryn y fedwen) (“birch hill”)
7 Moelfryn <MOIL-vrin> [ˡmɔɪlvrɪn] “bare hill”
(moel = bare, treeless) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill)
A hill SN9372 in Glyn Gwy / the Wye valley near Sant Harmon
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=245201
map
:_______________________________ .
Y Bryn (2) <ə BRIN> [ə ˡbrɪn]
1 short name for place names with bryn as
the main element
Y Bryn = Brynaman
2
official name of certain places which in all likelihood were originally longer
names
(1) Y Bryn SN5400
locality in Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
(2) Y Bryn SS8192 locality
in Castell-nedd ac Aberafan (from ?Bryngyrnos,
hill of the little piles of stone. The main street is Heol Bryngyrnos
(“Bryngurnos
Street” on English maps)
(3) Y Bryn SO2985
locality in southern Shropshire, England, 5km north of Colunwy (=
‘Clun’ in English)
(4) Y Bryn locality by
Y Fenni, county of Mynwy
(5) Y Bryn locality in
Pont-llan-fraith, county of Caerffili
ETYMOLOGY: “the hill” (y definite article) + (bryn =
hill)
:_______________________________ .
Brynach <BRƏ-nakh> [ˡbrənax] (masculine
noun)
1 man's name
:_______________________________ .
Bryn Amlwg <brin AM-lug> [brɪn ˡamlʊg]
1 hill
name .
Castell Bryn Amlwg SO1684 a castle site just over the border in
Shropshire, England, near the English village of Anchor
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/802128 map
“prominent hill” (bryn = hill) + (amlwg = prominent,
visible, evident)
:_______________________________ .
Bryn Athyn <brin AA-thin> [brɪn ˡɑˑθɪn]
1 place name, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, dating from
around 1890.
Bryn Athyn, in the Huntingdon Valley in the
eastern part of Montgomery County in Pennsylvania, was the centre of a
Swedenborgian community, members of the General Church of the New Jerusalem.
It was not known as an area of Welsh
settlement, although nineteenth-century land ownership maps of this part of Montgomery
County include many Welsh surnames – descendants of the original Welsh settlers
in nearby areas.
The name is said to be ‘Hill of
Cohesion’ (though this is in fact not the exact translation of the name). It is
an unlikely Welsh name as the word ‘athyn’, although found in a famous (or
infamous!) nineteenth-century dictionary, has never in fact been used in Welsh.
William F. (Frederic) Pendleton
(born March 25, 1845 in Savannah,
Georgia, died November 5, 1927) and S.
(Samuel) H. Hicks were members of the board of directors of the Academy of the
New Church (founded 1877 for the training of ministers). William F. Pendleton
was president, and S. H. Hicks was secretary .
In 1890, the General
Church of the New Jerusalem was founded after a theological dispute, breaking
away from the General Convention of the Church of the New Jerusalem (or, as it
was also called, the Swedenborgian Church of North America). In 1897, W. F. Pendleton, some years after the name
Bryn Athyn was applied to the village, became the first Executive Bishop of the
General Church of the New Jerusalem.
The original grounds of the Academy and the community of Bryn Athyn were
designed in 1893 by Charles Eliot of the firm of landscape architects Olmsted,
Olmsted, and Eliot, which had undertaken many notable projects, among them
Central Park in 1853 and Bryn Mawr in 1885, the year of its foundation as a
Quaker college.
When names were being sought for the
new Swedenborgian village, William F. Pendleton was not satisfied with any of
the suggestions that had been made. He mentioned to S. H. Hicks that he liked
Welsh names, and it happened that Mr Hicks had been born in Wales.
(S. H. Hicks’s name appears in The
Manual of the Pennsylvania Society for the year 1894 in the Roll of Members: “Montgomery
County / Bryn Athyn / S. H. Hicks”).
Mr Hicks bought a Welsh Dictionary for
the bishop. William Pendleton was most likely aware of the history of the Welsh
Tract and nearby Welsh place names. In the vicinity of Bryn Athyn there is
Welsh Road, some fifteen miles in length, which begins its trajectory at
Lansdale by North Wales, in Upper Gwynedd Township, north-west of Bryn Athyn,
and passes through the Huntingdon Valley where Bryn Athyn is situtated (with
parts of it variously called Welsh Road, Old Welsh Road, and New Welsh Road,
though Moreland Road has since taken the place of New Welsh Road). Some fifteen
miles to the west are the townships of Upper Merion and Lower Merion, and Bryn
Mawr and Narberth
Bishop Pendleton set to work to find
something that would suggest unity, and he used the words ‘bryn’ for hill (perhaps influenced by nearby ‘Bryn Mawr’ (“great hill”), in the same county), and ‘athyn’, meaning ‘tenacious, cohesive, pulling’.
(Source: The coining of the name by
Bishop Pendleton is based on information from the article “Welsh Place-Names in
Southeastern Pennsylvania” / Ruth L. Pearce, Bryn Mawr College. A Journal of
Onomastics. Volume 11, Issue 1. 1963. Pages 31-43.
Unfortunately the dictionary was
either William Owen Pughe’s Dictionary of the Welsh Language or a later
derivative work. Owen Pughe’s publication one of the most comprehensive
dictionaries published in any language for its date (available in its complete
form in 1803; reprinted in 1832) but many words in this dictionary were
invented forms
(delwedd 7562)
The usual explanation of the name
‘Bryn Athyn’ is given as “hill of cohesion”, which is probably the meaning
which Bishop Pendleton had hoped to express, but literally it is “cohesive
hill”, “tenacious hill”, since it is made up of a noun followed by an
adjective.
The genesis of the word athyn might be explained in two ways.
William Owen Pughe based the word on the adjective “tyn” (= taut, tight;
diligent), attaching to it an intensifying prefix.
(a- intensifying suffix) + aspirate mutation + (tyn = tight).
From the resulting “athyn” he constructed the related forms – athynnol (spelt idiosyncratically “athynawl” by Owen Pughe), athyniad, athynnu (spelt “athynu” by Owen Pughe).
However, athyn would have to
mean “very tight”, rather than “cohesive” or “tenacious”.
Or else he began with an invented verb-noun athynnu (supposedly “to
draw; to attract”; drawing, attracting), made up of
(a- intensifying suffix) + aspirate mutation + (tynnu = to pull;
pulling),
and athyn would be the root form of the verb-noun.
But roots of verb-nouns tend to be
used as the equivalent of English past participles – thus colli (= to lose, losing), coll (= lost); malu (= to grind), mâl (= ground); claddu (= to bury, to dig; burying, digging), cladd (= buried, dug) (though such usage tends to be in
phrases from older Welsh).
Athyn – if so derived
- would suggest “drawn, attracted”, rather than “cohesive” or “tenacious”.
If Owen Pughe had been consistent, athyniad
(defined as tenseness) would have been
“tenaciousness, tenacity; cohesiveness”, and the village might then have been
called “Bryn Athyniad”! <brin
a-THƏN-yad> [brɪn aˡθənjad]
If Bishop Pendleton’s source was not
Owen Pughe’s dictionary itself, it would have been a later dictionary which
incorporated many of Owen Pughe’s neologisms. One such was the Welsh-English
Dictionary published in 1848 by William Spurrell (1813 - 1889). An American edition (a revised version of the original) appeared
thirteen years later in 1861, published in New York.
(delwedd 7565)
However, here there are no derived words along with athyn, and the reason for this is given in the “Advertisement to
the American Edition”.
On issuing the latest British edition the author thus
expresses himself: - “The volume now offered to the public, though of smaller
size than the Edition which preceded it, not only contains several hundred
additional lines, but, by the omission of derivatives obviously deducible from
simple words retained, has been made to comprehend within its pages a vast
number of useful terms, the meaning of which could not be readily gathered from
others of the same root. Many words, too, of established authority, are
included, which have been overlooked in the Welsh Dictionaries hitherto
published.
(delwedd 7566)
The word athyn is so improbable that Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru /
The University of Wales Dictionary, a major work of the modern Welsh language
with a historical treatment of each word, showing the etymology and earliest
known examples of a word, does not even include it..
A handful of Owen Pughe’s many
coinings did in fact eventually find favour, and are used in the modern
language. So we might consider athyn to be one of these words which came to have an
existence beyond Owen Pughe’s Dictionary, or other dictionaries.
(See Owen Pughe, Section O, via Google
kimkat1600e)
In conclusion, Pennsylvania has a
unique Welsh place name thanks to the lexicographical fancies of William Owen
Pughe (born Llanfihangel y Pennant, Meirionydd, 7 August 1759, died 4 June
1835).
NOTE: See (1) Owen
Pughe, William, (2) athyn
(delwedd 7564)
Some Welsh names in Montgomery county:
1 Gwynedd – the name of a northern medieval kingdom. The Welsh settlers came
from the area which had been part of Gwynedd. The name has since been revived
as an adminstrative name, and is a north-western county which covers what was
the core area of the old kingdom.
2 North Wales – again a reference to the origin of the first settlers. It seems
to be a translation of Gwynedd used to create an additional English name.
3 Montgomery. Possibly refers to the county of Sir Drefaldwyn – Montgomeryshire
or Montgomery in English – in North Wales (in a twofold division of Wales -
Gogledd / North, De / South) (in Central Wales if a threefold division of Wales
is used – Gogledd / North, Canolbarth / Midland, De / South).
It may however be from an English surname – it has been suggested that it
commemorates Richard Montgomery, an American Revolutionary War general killed
in an attack on Quebec City in 1775. The county was created nine years later,
in 1784.
Both the English name of the Welsh county and the English surname are
originally the name of a Norman family (de Montgommery, as it would be in
modern French spelling). The name occurs in two neighbouring communes in the
Calvados department of Basse-Normandie (Lower Normandy) -
Sainte-Foy-de-Montgommery, and Saint-Germain-de-Montgommery.
Roger de Montgomerie (died 1894) was Earl of Shrewsbury and held most of the
county of Shropshire, of which Shrewsbury is the capital. He built a castle in
neighbouring Welsh territory to extend his holdings into Wales. The castle gave
rise to a small town called Montgomery in English (Trefaldwyn in Welsh), and
this in turn gave its name to a county a formed c1542 when Wales was annexed to
England.
4 Merion. Refers to the county of Sir Feirionydd or Meirionydd – Merionethshire
or Merioneth in English. Often in Welsh Meirion is used as a short form of
Meirionydd, which may explain the use of Merion in Pennsylvania – using Merion
as a short form of Merioneth, though this never occurs in Wales itself).
5 Bryn Mawr. The name of a mansion in Dolgellau which belonged to Rowland Ellis
(Rholant Elis would be a Welsh form of his name), who encouraged the emigration
of persecuted Welsh Quakers to Pennsylvania, beginning in 1686. The
Pennsylvanian locality was in fact called Humphreysville until 1869.
6 Narberth is was originally Arberth, and this is the name in standard modern
Welsh. A town in the south-west. The variant Welsh form Narberth is the one
used as the “English” form of the name.
7 A Welsh epithet Wyn, later a surname (literally ‘white’, ‘fair’, from
the adjective gwyn = white)
8 A settlement founded by William Jenkins, a surname of Welsh origin (in most
cases).
9 Bryn Athyn
:_______________________________ .
brynau <BRƏ-nai, -e> [ˡbrənaɪ, -ɛ]
1 Incorrect spelling for brynnau,
plural (southern form) of bryn = hill.
The standard form is bryniau
:_______________________________
.
Brynbedwen <brin-BED-wen> [brɪnˡbɛdwɛn]
1 farm name, house
name
..a/ Farm in Trefeglwys (Powys) (1841 Census) (“Edward BENNETT and family, farmer, in residence”)
..b/ House name, Heol Aber-dâr, Aberpennar (Rhondda Cynon
Taf)
..c/ place in Llan-rug, metnioned
on the Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru / National Library of Wales website (Llythyr
oddi wrth John Jones, Brynbedwen, Llanrug, at ei ŵyr, John Griffith Jones tra'r oedd yn ymladd yn
Rhyfel Cartref America, 1 Medi 1863 a letter from John Jones, Brynbedwen, Llan-rug, to his grandson John Griffith Jones while he was fighting in
the American Civil War, 1 September 1863)
ETYMOLOGY: bryn
bedwen “(the) hill (of) (the) birch tree, birch hill”
(bryn = hill) + (bedwen = birch tree), though one would expect the
name to be bryn fedwen < bryn y fedwen “(the) hill (of) the birch
tree, birch hill”
i.e. (bryn = hill) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (bedwen
= birch tree),
cf Brynderwen (instead of bryn + y + dderwen “(the)
hill (of) the oak tree”; Bryncollen
(instead of bryn + y + gollen “(the) hill (of) the hazel tree”)
:_______________________________
.
Brynberllan <brin-BER-lhan> [brɪnˡbɛrɬan]
1 House name in
Pwllheli (county of Gwynedd)
(spelt as “Bryn Berllan”).
ETYMOLOGY: bryn y berllan “(the) hill (of) the orchard, orchard hill”
(bryn = hill) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (perllan
= orchard)
NOTE: In place names a linking definite article is often omitted: bryn y
berllan > bryn berllan
:_______________________________
.
Brynbuga <brin
BII-ga> [brɪnˡbiˑga] (feminine noun)
1 SO3700 Town, south-east Wales. In English, Usk
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/142269
:_______________________________ .
Bryncelyn <brin-KEE-lin> [brɪnˡkeˑlɪn]
1 SJ 1876 locality
in the county of Y Fflint, 1km north of Treffynnon (on English-language maps
misspelt as Bryn Celin)
2 SH6079 locality by Llangoed
in the county of Môn
3 street names:
...(1) street name in Maes-teg (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
...(2) street in Llwynbrwydrau (county of Abertawe)
...(3) street in Pontardawe (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘(the) hill (of) the hollies’, holly hill; (bryn = hill) + (y
definite article) + (celyn = hollies)
:_______________________________ .
Bryndedwydd ‹brin-DEE-duidh› [brɪnˡdeˑdwɪð]
1 house name in Dolgellau
(county of Gwynedd) (in
the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of
Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)
2 street name in Dinbych / Denbigh
3 house name in Penmaen-mawr, Conwy
4 House name in Tywyn, Gwynedd
ETYMOLOGY:
(“happy hill”) (bryn = hill) + (dedwydd = happy)
:_______________________________ .
Brynderwɛn <brin-DER-wen> [brɪnˡdɛrwɛn]
1 house name
2 as a street name or part of a street name
Brynderwen, Abergele (Conwy), LL22 (spelt as “Bryn Derwen")
Brynderwen, Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen, SA31 (spelt as “Brynderwen”)
Brynderwen, Cilfynydd, Pont-y-pridd (Rhondda Cynon Taf), CF37 (spelt as
“Brynderwen”)
Brynderwen, Cwm-dâr, Aber-dâr (Rhondda Cynon Taf) CF44 (spelt as “Brynderwen”)
Brynderwen, Mynyddisa, Yr Wyddgrug / Mold (Y Fflint) CH7 (spelt as “Bryn
Derwen")
Brynderwen, Pontardawe, Abertawe / Swansea, SA8 (spelt as “Bryn Derwen")
Brynderwen, Radur, Caer-dydd Cardiff, CF15 (spelt as “Bryn Derwen")
Brynderwen, Sgeti / Sketty, Abertawe / Swansea, SA2 (spelt as “Bryn
Derwen")
Brynderwen, Talgarth, Aberhonddu / Brecon, Powys, LD3 (spelt as “Brynderwen”)
Brynderwen, Ynys-ddu, Casnewydd / Newport, NP11 (spelt as “Brynderwen”)
Clos Brynderwen, Caer-dydd / Cardiff, CF23 (spelt as “Brynderwen Close”)
Clos Brynderwen, Cilfynydd, Pont-y-pridd (Rhondda Cynon Taf), CF37 (spelt as
“Brynderwen Close”)
Cwrt Brynderwen, Glynrhedynnog / Ferndale, (Rhondda Cynon Taf), CF43 (spelt as
“Brynderwen Court”)
Heol Brynderwen, Casnewydd / Newport, NP19 (spelt as “Brynderwen Road”)
Heol Brynderwen, Cilfynydd, Pont-y-pridd, (Rhondda Cynon Taf), CF37 (spelt as
“Brynderwen Road”)
Heol Brynderwen, Rhydaman, county of Caerfyrddin, SA18 (spelt as “Bryn Derwen
Road")
Heol Brynderwen, Tonypandy (Rhondda Cynon Taf), CF40 (spelt as “Brynderwen
Road”)
Llwyn Brynderwen, Casnewydd / Newport, NP19 (spelt as “Brynderwen Grove”)
Rhes Brynderwen, Tal-y-sarn, Caernarfon, Gwynedd, LL54 (spelt as “Bryn Derwen
Terrace")
ETYMOLOGY: bryn derwen (“oak hill”) (bryn = hill) + (derwɛn = oak tree)
One might have expected
bryn y dderwen “(the) hill (of) the oak tree”; cf Brynfedwen (instead of bryn + y + fedwen; Bryncollen
(instead of bryn + y + gollen)
:_______________________________ .
Brynderwyn <brin-DER-win> [brɪnˡdɛrwɪn]
1 place name in New
Zealand
(Wikipedia 24-07-2016): The Brynderwyn Range or Brynderwyn Hills is a ridge
extending east-west across the Northland Peninsula in northern New Zealand some
60 kilometres south of Whangarei, from the southern end of Bream Bay in the
east to the Otamatea River (an arm of the Kaipara Harbour) in the west.
(delwedd 8078)
2 house name in Llan-daf, Caer-dydd
ETYMOLOGY: the spelling derwyn is probably used for derwin, possibly
to give it a more archaic appearance
(“oak hill”) y bryn derwin
(y = definite
article, the) + (bryn = hill) + (derwin
= (topography) abounding in oak trees; (wooden object) made of oak).
NOTE: In a reference to the Lewis family in Llan-daf (Fox-Davies, Arthur
Charles. Armorial Families: A Directory of Some Gentlemen of Coat-Armour,
Showing Which Arms in Use at the Moment are Borne
by Legal Authority. London,
England and Edinburgh, Scotland: T.C. & E.C. Jack, 1899) there is the
following:
Son of Evan Lewis, Esquire, J. P., of Brynderwyn, Llandaff, Cardiff, born 18
—;…. married 1868, Annie, daughter of W. Robinson of Cheltenham: —
Lewis, Gentleman… Residence: New Zealand.
Query: Is this the source
of the New Zealand place name ‘Brynderwen’?
NOTE: On a gravestone of William Bruce (died 18 March 1844) in the churchyard
of St. Aeddan’s Church in Betwsnewydd (county of Mynwy) is the following
inscription:
In memory of the / Revd William Bruce MA / of Brynderwyn / late Canon
Residentiary of Llandaff Cathedral / He died at Brynderwyn March xxviii.
mdcccxciv / Aged lxvii / Until the day break and the shadows flee away
http://www.cefnpennar.com/betnew/staeddan.htm
(inscriptions on gravestones in all the counties of Wales)
:_______________________________ .
bryn dioddef <brin di-OO-dhev > [brɪn dɪˡoˑðɛv]
1 gallows hill, hill
where criminals were hanged
2 Bryn Dioddef (or Bryn Diodde) A hill in Castellnewydd Emlyn
(county of Caerfyrddin).
English name: Adpar Hill
Bryndioddef (or Bryndiodde) SN3141 The name of a hamlet by this hill (settlement
names are best spelt as a single word) (on Ordnance Survey map as Bryndioddef”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/919376
3 (formerly) Bryn Dioddef (or Bryn Diodde), Aberystwyth. In 1799 a
bathhouse was built on what today is the promenade, by Bryn Diodde.
1854: The Book of South Wales, the Bristol Channel, Monmouthshire and the
Wye. Charles Frederick Cliffe, George Roberts (Incumbent of St. John's,
Cheltenham.)
Many encampments exist in the
parish, some of which are near Aberystwith; near Craig Glais is a rock called
Bryn Diodde, “The Mount of Suffering,” once a place of execution.
1858: New Guide to Aberystwith and its Environs; Third edition. Thomas Owen
Morgan, Esq.
The Marine Terrace, happily disposed along the
shore of one of those little bights or bays that indent the coast between the
Castle point and Constitution Hill, follows the curvature of the bay, one
extreme resting on the rocky skare at the end of Pier Street called the Weeg,
the other terminating at that on which the Marine Baths are built, near Bryn
Diodde.
(delwedd 4391)
ETYMOLOGY: “hill (of) suffering” (bryn = hill) + (dioddef
= to suffer)
NOTE: a final [v] is not pronunced in modern spoken Welsh, though the literary
langauge retains it, and place names are spelt in most cases according to their
form in the literary language rather than to reflect the local pronunciation.
Thus dioddef > diodde
:_______________________________ .
Bryn-dŵr <brin-DUUR> [brɪnˡduːr]
1 Name of a district in
Christchurch, New Zealand. The New Zealand name is spelt Bryndwr and is
pronounced in English as <BRIN-dwə> [ˡbrɪndwə]
A Welsh emigrant by the name
of Charles Jeffreys from Glandyfi gave the name to his property which was
situated by the side of a creek
(delwedd 4392)
ETYMOLOGY: “bryn y dŵr”
('(the) hill (of) the water / the stream')
NOTE: (From a genealogy forum) “I am a descendant of Robert and Charles
Jeffreys who came to New Zealand in 1853 and bought up a large parcel of land
which they called Bryndwr, in Christchurch. All streets were given Welsh names
- Idris, Snowden, Garreg, Glandovey (from Glandyfi) and of course there's
Jeffreys Rd that cuts right across Bryndwr. All these places remain today and
Bryndwr is a suburb of Christchurch”.
http://genforum.genealogy.com/jeffreys/messages/471.html
:_______________________________ .
Bryn-drain <brin-DRAIN> [brɪnˡdraɪn] (feminine noun)
1 suburb of Caer-dydd (Thornhill)
Amlosgfa Bryn-drain Thornhill Crematorium
In fact, this is not the correct Welsh name for the area, but rather a direct
translation of the English name.
Bryn-drain is bryn y drain “(the) hill (of) the hawthorn bushes”,
thus supposing that the English name Thornhill means “the hill of the hawthorn
trees” rather than “the hill of the (single) hawthorn tree”
In 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911) (John Hobson Matthews, Mab Cernyw)
notes Draenen Pen y Graig (the thorn-tree at the top of, or the end of,
the rock or the rocky ridge), and the short form Y Ddraenen (“the
hawthorn tree”)
DRAENEN-PEN-Y-GRAIG (the thorn-tree at the end of the rock.)
A place near the northern boundary of Senghenydd and Roath Keynsham (1702.) In
1798 "Y Drainen" was described as "being the known and ancient boundary
between the parishes of Eglwysilan and Llanishen." "Thorntree
Hill" is an eminence on the Cefn range.
“Thornhill” would seem to be a reduction of “Thorntree Hill”. (However,
this is rather skating on thin ice – more information and other examples of the
names are needed)
The English name could be an adaptation of the Welsh name, or it could have
come about independently in English for this distinctive boundary marker.
Such a name as Draenen Pen y Graig would suppose that there was another
distinctive thorn bush in the area, and it was necessary to describe their
location to distinguish between them.
The “craig” here is Graig Llanisien
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/441298 Graig Llanisien
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/443135 Graig Llanisien
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/441278 Heol Draenen Pen y Graig / Thornhill Road
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/87768
caeau ger Draenen Pen y Graig / fields near Thornhill
(“The
Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative
photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and
Ireland…”)
:_______________________________
.
Bryneifion <brin-EIV-yon> [brɪnˡəɪvjɔn]
1 “(the) hill
(overlooking the) (the district of) Eifionydd”
See Eifionydd
:_______________________________
.
Bryneithin <brin-EI-thin> [brɪnˡəɪθɪn]
1 street name in
Porthtywyn / Burry Port (county of Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen)
(spelt as “Bryneithin”).
See also Brynyreithin
ETYMOLOGY: bryn yr eithin “(the) hill (of) the furze / gorse”
(bryn = hill) + (yr definite article) + (eithin = furze,
gorse)
NOTE: In place names a linking definite article is often omitted: bryn yr
eithin > bryn eithin
(delwedd 7066) eithin /
gorse
:_______________________________
.
Brynfa <BRƏN-va> [ˡbrənva]
1 house name in
Bangor (county of Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill place”
(bryn- penult form of bryn = hill) + (-fa suffix = place)
:_______________________________
.
Brynfab <BRƏN-vab> [ˡbrənvab]
1 Thomas Williams, born
in Cwmaman, Aber-dâr (1848-1927), poet and writer, farmed most of his life in
Eglwysilan
by Caerffili, author of “Pan oedd Rhondda’n bur” (1912) (“when the Rhondda was
pure” - an account of the valley before industrialisation)
See Clic y Bont (a group of poets and musicians from Pont-y-pridd)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘son of the hill / hills’ (query - because he was from “Y Bryniau /
Y Brynna” – “the hills”, which was the name formerly given to the uplands of
Morgannwg?)
(bryn- <ə> [ə] < bryn = hill) + soft
mutation + (mab = son)
:_______________________________ .
Y Bryn-glas <brin-GLAAS> [brɪnˡglɑːs]
1 street name in Rhuthun
(Dinbych county) (“Bryn Glas”)
ETYMOLOGY: y bryn glas “(the) green hill”
:_______________________________ .
Bryn-grug <brin-GRIIG> [brɪnˡgriːg]
1 house name
ETYMOLOGY: bryn y grug “(the) hill (of) the heather”
:_______________________________ .
Y Bryn-gwyn ‹brin-GWIN› [brɪnˡgwɪn]
1 village SO1849 in
Maesyfed, Powys.
Named after a hill north-west of the village, Y Bryn Gwyn SO1750. Height
466 metres. On English-language maps in the tautological form “Bryngwyn Hill”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1849
ETYMOLOGY: y bryn gwyn “(the) white hill”
:_______________________________ .
Bryngwran <brin-GUU-ran> [brɪnˡguˑran] (feminine noun)
1 village, north-west
:_______________________________ .
Brynhafren <brin
HAV-ren> [brɪnˡhavrɛn]
1 ‘(the) hill
(overlooking the river) Hafren, hill overlooking the river Hafren’ (the river
is known as the Severn in English)
..........1) Street name in Crew Green, Llandrunio / Llandrinio (in the
district of Maldwyn,
county of Powys)
(SJ3215) (spelt as ‘Bryn Hafren’ on the street sign) (appears as ‘Maes Hafren’
on some maps’
..........2) Name of a primary school in Crew Green (spelt as ‘Brynhafren’)
..........3) Name of an early nineteenth-century Georgian house in Y Drenewydd / Newton (spelt as ‘Bryn Hafren’) .
..........4) House name in Y Fron, Y Trallwng / Welshpool (spelt as
‘Brynhafren’)
2 ‘(the) hill (overlooking the) (Môr) Hafren’ (in
English, the Bristol Channel)
Name of a secondary school in Merthyrdyfan. by Y Barri / Barry, Bro
Morgannawg (spelt as ‘Bryn Hafren’)
ETYMOLOGY: bryn Hafren (bryn = hill) + (Hafren
= Afon Hafren i.e. the river Severn; or Hafren = Môr Hafren i.e. ‘the
Severn Sea’, the Severn Estuary / the Bristol Channel)
:_______________________________ .
Brynhedydd <brin-HEE-didh> [brɪnˡheˑdɪð]
1 One of the fifteen townships in the ancient parish of Rhuddlan. In 1844 a new
parish was created for Rhyl and this was made up of most of the old township of
that name. The parish of Rhyl incorporated most of the old township of
Brynhedydd in 1891.
In Y Rhyl / (in English usage: Rhyl) in the
county of Dinbych / Denbigh, North Wales, there is a Ffordd Brynhedydd / Brynhedydd Road, and a
nearby road called Bae Brynhedydd / Brynhedydd Bay.
The name is
seen also Ysgol Gynradd Bryn
Hedydd Name of a primary
school in Y Rhyl (though perhaps ‘Brynhedydd’
is the better spelling, as it is the name of the township (settlement names are
spelt with the elements run together), rather than a hill (geographical
features are spelt with the elements separated)).
2 Street name in Llangyfelach, Abertawe / Swansea (spelt as
‘Bryn Hedydd’)
Street name in Bangor, Gwynedd (LL57 3HR)
3 House name, Capeldewi, Ceredigion (spelt as ‘Brynhedydd’)
House name, Solfach, Sir Benfro (spelt as ‘Brynhedydd’)
House name, Y Plwmp, by Llanddysul, Ceredigion (spelt as ‘Brynhedydd’)
ETYMOLOGY: bryn yr ehedydd = hill of the
skylark / skylark hill / lark hill. (The scientific name of the skylark is
Alauda arvensis)
(bryn = hill) + (yr = definite article) + (ehedydd = skylark);
(.1) in names of the type “qualified noun + definite article + qualifying
noun” the omission of the article is common in place names;
(.2) hedydd is ehedydd with the loss of
the first syllable. This loss of a first syllable especially with nouns is
common in Welsh.
(In Middle Welsh and early modern Welsh ‘ehedydd’
also meant ‘bird’, which is its original meaning – literally ‘flier, that which
flies’, from the verb ‘ehedeg’ (= to fly))
:_______________________________ .
Brynheulog <brin-HEI-log> [brɪnˡhəɪlɔg]
1 house name
House in Brynna (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
2 street name
(1) Aberpennar ST0499 (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(2) Yr Eglwysnewydd,
Caer-dydd
(3) Heol-y-cyw SS9484
(county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
(4) Llanharan ST0083(county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(5) Pen-twyn,
Caer-dydd
(6) Ton-du SS8984 (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
(7) Treherbert (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (8) Ystradgynlais SN7810 (county
of Powys)
3 village name
(1) hamlet (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) west of the villages of Bryn-cae
/ Llanharan (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(2) SS8594 hamlet next to Caerau (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS8594
map
(delwdd 7535)
ETYMOLOGY: y bryn
heulog = the sunny hill
(y = definite article) + (bryn = hill) + (heulog
= sunny)
NOTE: Compare the
Occitan name Clarmont (“light hill”), which seems to have the same
meaning
:_______________________________
.
Bryn-hydd <brin-HIIDH> [brɪnˡhiːð]
1 house name in Bangor
(Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: bryn yr hydd “(the) hill (of) the stag”, “stag hill”
(bryn = hill) + (yr definite article) + (hydd = stag)
The linking definite article is often omitted in place names: bryn yr hydd
> bryn hydd
:_______________________________ .
Y Brynhyfryd <ə
brin HƏV-rid> [ə brɪn ˡhəvrɪd]
1 house name
2 street name in Rhosllannerchrugog (county of Wrecsam)
3 locality SS6595 in Abertawe
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS6595
map
ETYMOLOGY: the pleasant hill; mount pleasant
(y = definite article) + (bryn = hill) + (hyfryd = pleasant)
:_______________________________ .
Bryniau Clwyd <BRƏN-yai, -ye, KLUID> [ˡbrənjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡklʊɪd] (plural noun)
1 Clwydian Range, hills in the north-east from Llandegla yn Iâl at
their southern end to Prestatyn in the north, on the coast. The highest
peak is Moel Famau SJ1662 (554 metres)
An alternative name for Bryniau Clwyd is Moelydd Clwyd (moel =
bare hill)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/269781
Moel Famau
(delwedd 7212)
ETYMOLOGY: (bryniau = hills) + (Clwyd = river name) “(the) hills
(of) (the) (river) Clwyd”
:_______________________________ .
Bryniau’r Cymry <BRƏN-yair, -yer, KƏM-ri> [ˡbrənjaɪr, -jɛr, ˡkəmrɪ]
1 The Welsh name of Welsh
Hills, a former Welsh settlement in Granville, Licking County, Ohio.
Pan gyrhaeddodd y cŵch Newark, yr oedd yn tywyllu nos Iau. Derbyniwyd
ni gan y Cymry yno yn garedig. Aeth fy nghyfeillion i'r wlad, llettyais inau yn
y dref. Aethym gydâ chyfaill i ymweled â hwynt dranoeth. Gorphwysasom y diwrnod
hwnw, a theimlem ein hunain yn flinedig iawn. Tranoeth, buom yn cadw society
yn Nghapel Saron ar Fryniau y Cymry. Dydd Sul, y 23ain, pregethodd y Brodyr
yno am 10 a 2; ac am 6 yn Newark, yn Nghapel y Bedyddwyr Seisonig, (Y
Cyfaill o’r Hen Wlad yn America, Cyfrol 3, 1840, page 140)
When the boat reached Newark, dusk was falling on Thursday night. We were
kindly received by the Welsh people there. My friends went to the country, I
for my part lodged in the town. We went with a friend to visit them the next
day. We rested that day and we felt very tired. The next day, we held a chapel
meeting in Saron Chapel on the Welsh Hills. On Sunday, the 23rd, the
Brethren preached at 10 and at 2; and at 6 in Newark, in the English-language
Baptist Chapel.
NOTE: The settlement was
founded by Thomas Philipps and his associate Theophilus Rees. They had arrived
with their families from Wales in 1795 and had settled for a short time
in Beulah near Ebensburg, Cambria County, Pennsylvania. Thomas Philipps was
born in 1735 in Llandeilo, county of Caerfyrddin (English: Carmarthen), and
died aged 77 / 78 on May 20, 1813 in Welsh Hills. The land, some two
thousand acres in extent, was purchased from Sampson Davis, a Welshman of
Philadelphia, who held some 3,000 acres in what is now the northeast quarter of
Granville Township. In 1801 John Rees, son of Theophilus Rees, settled
there to erect a cabin and to clear some of the land for cultivation, in
preparation for the arrival of members of the family, who arrived in 1802.
Information 12 09 2002 at
www.geocities.com/welshfolk
Theophilus Rees was one of the nine charter members who founded the Particular
Baptist Church of Granville on September 4, 1808
Information 12 09 2002 at
www.carthage.lib.il.us/community/churches/primbap/FamHist-LickingOH.html
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hills (of) the Welsh (people)”
(bryniau = hills, plural of bryn = hill) + (y
definite article, the) + (Cymry = Welshmen, Welsh people)
:_______________________________ .
Bryn-lliw <brin-LHIU> [brɪnˡɬɪʊ]
1 locality in the county
of Abertawe
..1961: population: 4.063; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 53%
..1971: population: 3.810; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 41%
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill (overlooking the river) Lliw” (bryn = hill) + (Lliw)
2 Cf Pont-lliw (SN6101) locality in the county of Abertawe,
3km south-east of Pontarddulais
(pont = bridge) + (Lliw river name ) (= bridge (over) (the river)
Lliw
:_______________________________ .
Brynllongwr <brin-LHONG-UR> [brɪnˡɬɔŋʊr]
1 housing development in
Y Barri (“Bryn Llongwr”)
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently a recent name c. 2003 - bryn y llongwr “(the) hill
(of) the mariner” (bryn = hill) + (y definite article) + (llongwr
= sailor, mariner) :_______________________________ .
Bryn-llwyd <brin-LHUID> [brɪnˡɬʊɪd]
1 housse name
..a/ house in Porthaethwy
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/369099
Bryn-llwyd
ETYMOLOGY: y bryn llwyd “the grey hill” (y definite article) + (bryn = hill) + (llwyd
= grey, brown)
:_______________________________ .
Bryn-mair <brin MAIR> [brɪnˡmaɪr]
1 street name in
Merthyrtudful
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill (of) Mary”, “Mary’s hill” (bryn = hill) + (Mair =
Mary)
:_______________________________ .
Bryn Mawr <brin MAUR> [brɪnˡmaʊr]
1 hill name
ETYMOLOGY: y bryn mawr “the big hill” (y = the) + (bryn = hill) + (mawr =
big)
:_______________________________ .
Bryn-mawr <brin MAUR> [brɪnˡmaʊr]
1 place name
ETYMOLOGY: y bryn mawr “the big hill” (y = the) + (bryn = hill) + (mawr =
big)
NOTE: Spelt as a single word if a settlement name; if the final element is
monosyllabic, it is separated by means of a hyphen
Many places in the USA called Bryn Mawr, after the place so-called in
Pennsylvania, itself a transferred name from Wales. However, the original Welsh
prounciation has been lost, and ‘mawr’ is pronounced as if read as an English
word (with the ‘aw’ of ‘raw, Dawkin, law, etc).
..a/ Bryn Mawr a district of Minneapolis
..b/ Bryn Mawr a district of Chicago
..c/ Bryn Mawr a district of Seattle
:_______________________________ .
Brynmelyn <brin-MEE-lin> [brɪnˡmeˑlɪn]
1 farm 1km south-east of
Pen-rhiw-fawr SN7410 (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
ETYMOLOGY: y bryn melyn “the
yellow hill” (y = the) + (bryn = hill) + (melyn = yellow)
:_______________________________ .
Y Brynna <ə
BRƏ-na> [ə ˡbrəna]
1 See Y Brynnau
:_______________________________ .
Y Brynnau <ə-BRƏ-nai,
-e> [əˡbrənaɪ, -ɛ]
1 village in the county
of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf, south-east Wales SS9883
The local name (which is also the official name) is Brynna (in the
south-east, a final –au becomes <a> [a])
ETYMOLOGY: ‘the hills’
Apparently from the name of the nearby hills called Brynnau Gwynion
‘white hills’
<BRƏN-yai,
-ye GWƏN-yon / GWI-non> [ˡbrənjaɪ,
-jɛ ˡgwənjɔn])
(the local name would be ‘(y) Brynna Gwynnon’ <BRƏ-na GWƏ-non / GWI-non> [ˡbrəna ˡgwənɔn / ˡgwɪnɔn]
:_______________________________ .
brynnau <BRƏ-nai, -e> [ˡbrənaɪ, -ɛ]
1 plural (southern form)
of bryn = hill. The standard form is bryniau
Coed y Brynnau wood north-east of Rhuthun (county of Bro Morgannwg).
The local pronunciation would be Cood y Brynna
:_______________________________ .
Brynoffa <brin-OO-fa> [brɪnˡoːfa]
(1) street name in Rhosllannerchrugog SJ2946 (county of Wrecsam)
(2) street name in Coed-poeth SJ2851 (county of Wrecsam)
(3) name of a district on the western side of Rhos-ddu SJ3351 (county of
Wrecsam) and also a street name here
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/622605
(4) Lôn Brynoffa (Bryn Offa Lane), Argoed / New Brighton, Sir y Fflint
ETYMOLOGY: ‘the hill of Offa’ (bryn = hill) + (Offa).
The meaning is rather ‘(the) hill (overlooking) Offa’s Dyke’ i.e.“bryn (Clawdd)
Offa”.
Offa was king (757-796) of the Anglian kingdom of Mercia, and according to
tradition had an earthern bank and ditch constructed to serve as a demarcation
line between his kingdom (which was made up of lands conquered from the Welsh
by the Mercians) and the territory still in the hands of the Welsh.
1300 years later the ditch still exists, and it is still known as Clawdd
Offa, the ditch of Offa (in English Offa’s Dyke)
:_______________________________ .
Brynogwy <brin-OO-gui> [brɪnˡoːgʊɪ]
1 “(the) hill
(overlooking the) Ogwy (river)”
In the village of Nant-y-moel (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) there is “Brynogwy
Terrace” (which would be simply Brynogwy, or Rhestr Brynogwy, in Welsh)
ETYMOLOGY: (bryn = hill) + (Ogwy
river name)
Ogwy is a fanciful name for the river Ogwr
(Og- first syllable of the river name Ogwr) + (-wy,
a supposed suffix meaning ‘water’.)
See the entry gwy (= water) for more examples of fanciful
river names with a final -wy
:_______________________________ .
Bryn’refail <brin-REE-vail,
.vel> [brɪnˡreˑvaɪl, -ɛl]
1 SH5662 locality in the
county of Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH5662?by=class
map
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/536559
bythynnod / cottages
ETYMOLOGY: (bryn + ’r
+ efail) < bryn yr
efail “(the) hill (of) the smithy”
(bryn = hill) + (yr = the) + soft mutation + (gefail = smithy)
:_______________________________ .
Bryn Saith Marchog <brin-saith-MAR-khog> [brɪn saɪθ ˡmarxɔg]
1 SJ0750 hamlet in Sir
Ddinbych, south-east of Corwen
A Topographical
Dictionary of Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849
“Near Gwyddelwern there is a place called Bryn Saith Marchog, from its being
the spot where Owain Glyndwr surprised Reginald de Grey and seven knights, whom
he made prisoners”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/563180
ETYMOLOGY: bryn y saith marchog “(the) hill (of) seven horsemen /
knights”
(bryn = hill) + (y = the) + (saith = seven) + (marchog =
horseman, knight)
But since saith (seith in Middle Welsh) can also mean “saint”,
there is the possiblity that Saith Marchog is “Saint Marchog”, though it is
unusual to find ‘saith / sant’ referring to members of the Celtic Church.
:_______________________________ .
Bryn Seion <brin-SEI-on> [brɪnˡsəɪɔn]
1 Mount Zion, the hill on
which the city of Jerusalem stands
2 chapel name
...(1) Bryn Seion name of a Congregationalist church, now
interdenominational, founded in June 1884 at Beavercreek, Oregon, USA, (17
miles south-east of Portland), and considered to be the oldest Welsh chapel on
the west coast
http://www.wapnw.org/brynseion.htm
...(2) Heol Bryn Seion street name in Rhymni (county of Caerffili)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill (of) Zion” (bryn = hill) + (Seion
= Zion).
Bryn Seion may be a translation of English “mount Zion”.
The word bryn (= hill) has replaced mynydd (= mountain) – in
the Welsh Bible the expression is always mynydd Seion.
Eseia 8:18 Wele fi a’r plant a roddes yr Arglwydd i mi, yn arwyddion ac yn rhyfeddodau yn Israel; oddi wrth Arglwydd y lluoedd, yr hwn sydd yn trigo ym mynydd Seion
Isaiah 8:18 Behold, I and the children whom the LORD hath given me are for
signs and for wonders in Israel from the LORD of hosts, which dwelleth in mount
Zion.
NOTE: Sometimes there are chapels with the name Bryn Zion (qv).
The form Zion is from the English Bible (in modern edtions of the Welsh
Bible it is Seion; in older editions it is Sion).
See Mynydd Seion (= Mount Zion)
:_______________________________ .
Brynseion <brin-SEI-on> [brɪnˡsəɪɔn]
1 some chapel names so
spelt, instead of with the elements separated (Bryn Seion)
2 street name, Solfach (Sir Benfro) (“Bryn Seion”)
(Settlement names (and street names that resemble settlement names in that
they contain no element indicating a street) would be spelt, sensu strictiore,
as a single word)
ETYMOLOGY: See Bryn Seion
:_______________________________ .
Brynsiencyn <brin-SHENG-kin> [brɪnˡʃɛŋkɪn]
1 village in the county
of Môn ('hill of Siencyn')
:_______________________________ .
Brynsiriol <brin-SIR-yol> [brɪnˡsɪrjɔl]
“merry hill”
1 house name
2 street name
..a/ Caerffili (spelt as ‘Bryn Siriol’)
..b/ Cimla, Castell-nedd (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (spelt as
‘Brynsiriol’)
..c/ Coed-poeth (county of Wrecsam)
..d/ Dinbych
(spelt as ‘Bryn Siriol’)
..e/ Gwauncaegurwen (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (spelt as
‘Brynsiriol’)
..f/ Hirwaun (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (spelt as ‘Brynsiriol’)
..g/ Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin) (spelt as ‘Bryn Siriol’)
..h/ Llansanffráid ym Mechain, (SJ2120) (district of Maldwyn,
county of Powys)
..i/ Pen-tyrch
(county of Caer-dydd)
(spelt as ‘Bryn Siriol’)
..j/ Ton-mawr (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (spelt as ‘Brynsiriol’)
..k/ Y Betws (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (spelt as ‘Bryn Siriol’)
..l/ Y Cymer (districte de Maldwyn, county of Powys)
(spelt as ‘Bryn Siriol’)
..m/ Y Fflint (spelt as ‘Bryn Siriol’)
..n/ Y Trallwng (districte de Maldwyn, county of Powys)
(spelt as ‘Brynsiriol’)
..o/ Yr Hengoed (county of Caerffili) (spelt as ‘Bryn Siriol’)
..p/ (spelt as ‘Brynsiriol Road’) Fforest-fach (county of Abertawe) This would
be Heol Brynsiriol in Welsh
ETYMOLOGY: “y bryn
siriol” the merry / pleasant hill
(y = definite article) + (bryn = hill) + (siriol = happy /
merry / cheerful / pleasant)
Some of the examples spell the name as two words, others as one. In fact,
settlement names and street names resembling settlement names are written
together as one word, hence Bryn Siriol (name of a hill – though
probably no such hill exists) > Brynsiriol (name of a house / houses
named after such a hill)
:_______________________________ .
Brynteifi <brin-TEI-vi> [brɪnˡtəɪvɪ]
1 (SN4539) locality in
the county of Caerfyrddin
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill (overlooking the river) Teifi” (bryn = hill) + (Teifi
river name)
:_______________________________ .
Bryntirion ‹brin-TIR-yon› [brɪnˡtɪrjɔn]
1 (SS8880) locality in Pen-y-bont ar
Ogwr
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS8880
map
2 Bryntirion
Street name in
..a/ Bedwas (county of Caerffili) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..b/ Bethesda , Bangor (county of Gwynedd) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..c/ Biwmaris (county of Ynys Môn) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..d/ Caer-dydd
(spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..e/ Caerffili (county of Caerffili) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..f/ Clydach (county of Abertawe) (spelt as ‘Bryn Tirion’)
..g/ Coed-llai (county of Y Fflint) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..h/ Conwy (spelt as ‘Bryn Tirion Park’)
..i/ Corris (county of Gwynedd) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..j/ Dolgarrog, (county of Conwy) (spelt as ‘Bryn Tirion’)
..k/ Glan-y-pwll, Blaenau Ffestiniog (county of Gwynedd) (spelt as ‘Bryn
Tirion’)
..l/ Henllan, (county of Dinbych) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..m/ Licswm (county of Y Fflint) (spelt as ‘Bryn Tirion’)
..n/ Pant-llwyd, Blaenau Ffestiniog (county of Gwynedd) (spelt as ‘Bryn
Tirion’)
..o/ Pen-isa’r-waun (county of Gwynedd) (spelt as ‘Bryn Tirion’)
..p/ Pen-y-sarn (county of Ynys Môn) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..q/ Pontyberem (county of Caerfyrddin) (spelt as ‘Bryn Tirion’)
..r/ Rhewl, Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..s/ Ynys-boeth, Aberpennar (county of Cynon Rhondda Taf) (spelt as
‘Bryntirion’)
Also an element in street names in these villages / towns:
Abergele (county of Conwy) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Terrace’)
Bagillt (county of Y Fflint) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Road’)
Cricieth (county of Gwynedd) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Terrace’)
Cyffordd Llandudno (county of Conwy) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Terrace’)
Dinbych
(county of Dinbych)
(spelt as ‘Bryntirion Terrace’)
Dowlais (county of Merthyrtudful) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Street’)
Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Terrace’)
Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll (county of Ynys Môn) (spelt as ‘Bryn Tirion Estate’)
Llangollen (county of Dinbych) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Terrace’)
Llys-faen, Baecolwyn (county of Conwy)
(spelt as ‘Bryntirion Terrace’)
Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Close’)
Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Hill’)
Pont-lliw (county of Abertawe) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Road’)
Prestatyn (county of Y Fflint) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Court’)
Prestatyn, (county of Y Fflint) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Drive’)
Rhiwabon (county of Wrecsam) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Terrace’)
Y Rhyl (county of Dinbych) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Avenue’)
ETYMOLOGY: “(y) bryn tirion” : “(the) pleasant hill”
(bryn = hill) + (tirion = pleasant)
Names of villages / houses / streets with names which resemble names of house
are written as a single word
:_______________________________ .
Brynwyn <BRƏN-win> [ˡbrənwɪn] (m)
1 male forename
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (bryn = hill) + (-wyn suffix for male
names, soft-mutated form of gwyn = white; fair)
Names with –wyn with apparently elements from place names or geographic
features: Caerwyn, Glynwyn, Rhydwyn, Bronwyn (also occurs as a female name).
JONES
- PHILLIPS. Sept 3rd, at High-street, Baptist Church, Merthyr Tydfil, by the
Rev. Emlyn DAVIES, B. A., B. D., B. Litt., T. Brynwyn JONES, Barclays Bank; E.
V. to Gladys, daughter of Alderman F. A. PHILLIPS, J. P. and Mrs. PHILLIPS,
"Lawrenny", Merthyr Tydfil.
Western Mail and South Wales News Thursday September 5th, 1935
http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/MONMOUTHSHIRE/2008-08/1217786986
:_______________________________
Bryn-y-môr <brin-ə-MOOR> [brɪnəˡmoːr]
1 name of a farm overlooking the
Gwendraeth estuary, Cydweli
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) hill (of) the sea”), i.e. a hill looking onto the sea
(bryn = hill) + (y definite article) + (môr = sea)
This pattern of name is not usually given to a hill itself, but to a dwelling –
either a farmhouse or a house in a village - situated on the slope of such a
hill.
A similar house name is Bryn-y-don (“(the) hill (of) the sea”), (bryn = hill) + (y
definite article) + soft mutation + (ton = sea; synechdochal use – the
part being used to refer to the whole – of the word ton = wave)
Names with bryn followed by the name of a river are also very common,
with the sense of a house on a hillside with the view of a river on the valley
floor – Bryn-taf, Brynystwyth, Bryn-gwy, Brynhafren, etc
:_______________________________
Brynyreithin <brin-ər-EI-thin> [brɪnərˡəɪθɪn]
1 name of a farm SJ1370 near Yr
Afon-wen, county of Flintshire (“Bryn yr Eithin” on the O.S. map)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/241257
map
(delwedd 7066) eithin /
gorse
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) hill (of)
the gorse”, gorse hill) (bryn = hill) + (yr definite article) + (eithin
= gorse)
See also Bryneithin
:_______________________________ .
Bryn Zion <brin-ZEI-on> [brɪnˡzəɪɔn]
1 chapel name; “Mount
Zion”, the hill on which the city of Jerusalem stands
(1) Bryn Zion
Church, Mount Gilead (between Columbus and Mansfield, in Ohio) 403322N 0750404W
(2) Bryn Zion
Church, Mifflin (Iowa county, Wisconsin) 424952N 0902110W
(3) Bryn Zion
Cemetery, Kenton (Delaware) 391416N 0753912W
NOTE: A hybrid name. Seion is the name of the hill in the Welsh Bible,
and so Bryn Seion is the correct present-day Welsh form.
Zion is the form found in the English Bible (Older editions of the Welsh
Bible have Sion).
See Bryn Seion
:_______________________________ .
brys <BRIIS> [briːs] masculine noun
1 hurry, haste
Mae arno i frys I'm in a hurry
Beth yw'r brys mawr arnoch chi heddiw? Why are you in such a hurry today? (“What is the big hurry on you”)
ar frys hurriedly, in haste, hastily, quickly, rapidly
mewn brys hurriedly, in haste, hastily, quickly, rapidly
ar frys gwyllt in a mad rush
(“on + haste + wild”)
heb frys without hurry, unhurriedly
Does dim brys There’s no hurry
Uned Ddamweiniau ac Achosion Brys Accident and Emergency Unit (section of a
hospital) (“unit (of) accidents and urgent cases”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
< Celtic *brst- Cf. Irish bras (= swift)
:_______________________________
brys <BRIIS> [briːs] noun adjunct
1 speedy, hurried, swift;
= done in a short time
sosban frys, plural sosbenni brys pressure cooker
(“speedy saucepan”)
archeb frys rush order (“speedy order”)
2 emergency = done at short notice
gwaith brys emergency work
Mae angen gwneud gwaith brys ar yr argae i gadw’r môr allan o’r pentref
There’s a need to do emergency work on the dyke to keep the see out of the
village
cymorth brys emergency aid
dadl frys PLURAL dadleuon brys emergency debate
3 rushing
yr oriau brys the rush hours
ETYMOLOGY: see brys (noun)
:_______________________________ .
brysio <BRƏ-sho> [ˡbrəʃɔ] (verb)
1 to hurry
:_______________________________ .
Brython <BRƏ-thon> [ˡbrəθɔn] m
PLURAL Brythoniaid <brə-THON-yaid, -yed> [brəˡθɔnjaɪd, -ɛd]
1 Briton = member of the British
branch of the Celtic peoples; proto-Welshman
yr Hen Frythoniaid the ancient Britons
2 Welshman (used figuratively; the
Britons being the ancestors of the Welsh)
Y Brython name of a magazine
..1/ (1853-1863) magazine edited by Robert Isaac Jones “Alltud Eifion” of
Porthmadog;
..2/ (1906-1939) another magazine of the same name founded by Hugh Evans for
the Welsh community in Liverpool, and later a Wales-wide publication
Cymdeithas y Brython society formed by Michael Daniel Jones circa 1850
to assist Welsh people emigrating to the USA (“the society of the Briton”)
Aelwyd Brythoniaid y Graig “the ‘hearth’ of the Britons of the Rock”. (an
aelwyd / “hearth” is a meeting place for members of the Urdd Gobaith Cymru
organisation). Such a branch was set up by young Welsh soldiers stationed in
Gibraltar in the Second World War (Page 24 “Cerddi ac Atgofion Twm Bethel”, T H
Jones, 1976)
NOTE: Irish Breathnach (= Briton) is from the Welsh word (+ the suffix -ach)
In Ireland, where there was a heavy settlement of Welsh troops who had been in
the pay of the English invaders, the epithet in Irish Breathnach has
become a surname (anglicised as “Brannagh”; or translated into English as
“Walsh”, a form of “Welsh”)
:_______________________________ .
Brythoneg <brə-THOO-neg> [brəˡθoˑnɛg] feminine noun
1 British (= language); the Celtic
language of the peoples who inhabited the island of (Great) Britain until the
invasions of the German peoples in the fifth century
2 Welsh (= language). Sometimes used
in this sense in the 1800s. And sometimes in the form Brythonaeg <brə-THOO-naig> [brəˡθoˑnaɪg] through supposing that there was a suffix -aeg
meaning 'language' rather than -eg, as a result of misunderstanding the
composition of the word Cymraeg (= Welsh language), and the influence of
the word Hebraeg (= Hebrew language). Some writers insisted on replacing
-eg with –aeg
Mae yn y brif-ddinas lawer o gannoedd o Gymry, ond nid oes dros ugain, un amser, yn ymgyfarfod yn ystafell y
Cymreigyddion; mae cannoedd ohonynt yn rhy falch a choeglyd i ymunaw â'u brodyr llafurus, er cadw a choethi yr hen Frythonaeg Seren Gomer 1835. “Diffyg
Gwladgarwch yn Mhlith y Cymry, ac Adfeiliad y Gymraeg”
There are in the capital city (= London) many hundreds of Welsh people, but
there are no more than twenty who meet in the room of the Cymreigyddion (= an
association for promoting interest in Welsh history and literature). Hundreds
of them are two conceited and affected to join their hardworking brothers to
maintain and refine the old British language (= Welsh)
Seren Gomer 1835 (“The Lack of Patriotism among the Welsh, and the Decay of the
Welsh Language”)
y Frythoneg = the British language
ETYMOLOGY: (Brython = Briton, person who spoke British) + (-es,
suffix for forming nouns to indicate languages)
:_______________________________ .
Brythoneg <brə-THOO-neg> [brəˡθoˑnɛg] (adjective)
1 (language) British, proto-Welsh
:_______________________________ .
Brythones <brə-THOO-nes> [brəˡθoˑnɛs] feminine noun
PLURAL Brythonesau <brə-tho-NE-sai, -e> [brəθɔˡnɛsaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 British woman = one of
the British-speaking peoples who inhabited the island of (Great) Britain until
the invasions of the German peoples in the fifth century
y Frythones = the British woman
2 (rarely) Welshwoman
3 Y Frythones = 'the Welshwoman', women's magazine edited and
published between 1878 and 1891 by Cranogwen, pen-name of Sarah Jane Rees,
1839-1916 (died aged 76, 77), a poet from Llangrannog, Ceredigion
ETYMOLOGY: (Brython = Briton, person who spoke British) + (-es,
suffix for forming nouns to indicate females)
:_______________________________ .
Brythonig <brə-THOO-nig> [brəˡθoˑnɪg] adjective
1 British, Brittonic =
referring to the Britons (this people, their language, culture or land) who
inhabitated the island of Britain until the Germanic invasions ot the fifth
century, and later split into isolated groups, survivors of which at the
present day are the Welsh, Cornish and Bretons
2 British, Brittonic - descended from
the old Britons
Llydaw - ein chwaer wlad Frythonig
Brittany - our British sister country
ETYMOLOGY: (Brython = Briton, person who speaks British) + (-ig,
suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________ .
Brython Rhufeinig <BRƏ-thon hri-VEI-nig> [ˡbrəθɔn hrɪˡvəɪnɪg] (masculine noun)
1 Romanised Briton
:_______________________________ .
brywedd-dy <brə-WEDH-di> [brəˡwɛðdɪ] masculine noun
1 (South-east Wales)
See berwedd-dy (brewhouse)
:_______________________________ .
bryweddu <brə-WEE-dhi> [brəˡweˑðɪ] verb
1 (South-east Wales)
See berweddu (to brew)
:_______________________________
.
brywes <BRƏ-wes> [ˡbrəwɛs]
[ Olde Cheshire Dialecte. http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm
Browis,
browes : gruel made by pouring hot water with butter or cream over small lumps
of bread, seasoned with pepper and salt ]
:_______________________________ .
Bsantísho? <bsan-TI-sho> [bsanˡtɪʃɔ]
1 (Caernarfon, North-west
Wales) = Pa beth sydd arnat ti ei eisiau? What do you need / require /
want?
“Let them see how in their spoken Welsh the accent turns a sentence of many
words into a single word of one or two syllables... e.g. pa beth sydd arnat ti
ei eisieu? has become bsantísho”
T Hudson Williams (1873-1961), University College, Bangor / Vox Populi - A Plea
for the Vulgar Tongue
:_______________________________ .
bu <BII> [biː] feminine noun
1 cow, ox;
It does not exist as an independent word in modern Welsh, but it is found in
certain compound words and derivatives
(a) buarth farmyard (bu + garth = enclosure)
(b) buddel pillar, post (to which a cow is tied in a cowhouse) (bu
+ delw = post, image, idol)
(c) Buellt district in Powys ‘cattle pasture’ (bu + gwellt
= grass, pasture)
(d) bugail shepherd (bu + an element related to cail =
flock of sheep)
(e) bugloddio to turn up the ground with horns (bu + cloddio
= to dig)
______________________________________________________________
ETYMOLOGY:
(1) Welsh bu- < British *bow-
< Celtic < Indo-European *gwôus
In other Celtic languages, corresponding to Welsh bu < *bow:
(a) Cornish has
...(i) bu- in bugel (= herdsman), buorth (= cattleyard), busel
(= cattle dung);
...(ii) also bow- (= cow / cows) in compound words – bowji (=
cowshed), bowlann (= cowfold), bownder (= farm lane, etc)
(b) Breton has bu- in bugel (= child, originally herdsman), buorzh
(= cattleyard), bugen (= cowhide)
(c) Irish bó (= cow);
______________________________________________________________
(2) In Latin it is bôs / bovis (=
cow), from this comes English bovine, Catalan bou, boví (= ox,
bovine);
______________________________________________________________
(3) Greek boûs
Also cf English butter < Old English butere < Latin bûtyrum
< Greek bouturon < bous (= cow), turos (= cheese)
______________________________________________________________
(4) In the Germanic languages from the
same Indo-European word *gwôus: English cow (Old English cû),
German die Kuh (= cow), Dutch koe (= cow)
______________________________________________________________
(5) Other languages from the same
Indo-European word *gwôus: Armenian kov, Latvian guovs,
Sanskrit gâu
______________________________________________________________
Welsh buwch (= cow) was originally buch (the ‘w’ is a later
development) from British *boukk-â (British kk always becomes
Welsh ch)
Welsh buwch corresponds to Cornish bugh (= cow) and Breton buoc’h
(= cow) (originally buc’h -, the u in the Breton word has
become a dipthong uo, in the same way that in Welsh u > uw)
______________________________________________________________
Cf English buglos [byúu-glos] (Anchusa officinalis) plant with rough
leaves, used in medicine < Latin buglossa (bû-, stem of bôs
= ox) + (glôssa = tongue) = Greek bouglôssos;
Also English bugle < French < Latin bûcul(us) (bû-,
stem of bôs = ox) + (-culus, diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________ .
bu <BII> [biː] verb
1 ‘there has been’,
(third-person singular preterite of bod = to be)
Ni fu fawr byw wedi hynny He didn’t live long after that
2 (he / she / it) has been
(third-person singular preterite of bod = to be)
Grammadeg o iaith y Cymry / Grammar of the Welsh Language. William
Spurrel. 1853. p.63
In South Wales buais, bues, buo are often heard used for bum; and
buodd for bu
:_______________________________ .
buais <BII-ais> [ˡbiˑaɪs] verb
1 1 I have been
(first-person singular preterite of bod = to be)
Grammadeg o iaith y Cymry / Grammar of the Welsh Language. William
Spurrel. 1853. p.63
In South Wales buais, bues, buo are often heard used for bum; and
buodd for bu
:_______________________________ .
buan ‹BÎ an› (adj)
1 quick
2 Dyna fuan yr â’r amser heibio How time passes / flies!
(“there’s fast that goes the time by”)
3 Nid un foment yn rhy fuan
Not a moment too soon
:_______________________________ .
buarth ‹bî -arth› masculine noun
PLURAL buarthau ‹bi-ar-the›
1 farmyard = enclosed
space in which farm buildings are situated, often where hens roam freely
Steddfod y Buarth jocular name for the agricultural show at Llanelwedd
(since it is an annual event for the whole of Wales like the National
Eisteddfod) (“(the) eisteddfod (of) the farmyard”)
2 wy buarth free-range
egg (“egg {of the} farmyard”)
3 buarth dodefnod poultry run
(hens, geese, ducks)
4 yard in front of a building
buarth siop saer yard in front of a carpenter’s workshop, buarth y
siop saer the yard in front of the carpenter’s workshop
buarth melin mill yard, yard in front of a mill, buarth y felin
the mill yard, the yard in front of the mill
buarth ysgol school playground, buarth yr ysgol the school
playground
ar fuarth yr ysgol in the school playground
buarth chwarae playground
buarth tafarn yard of an inn, inn yard; buarth y tafarn the yard
of the inn, the inn yard
5 obsolete cowfold, enclosure
for milking cows
6 obsolete enclosure for pigs,
sheep, goats, or other animals
buarth moch pig pen
7 obsolete pound for stray
cattle
8 obsolete meeting place;
meeting
9 (Place name) Y Buarth (“the
cowfold”), an area of Aberystwyth
Here there is Heol y Buarth (“Buarth Road”) and Coedybuarth (“Coed
y Buarth”) “(the) wood (of) Y Buarth”
ETYMOLOGY: (bu = cow) + soft mutation + (garth = enclosure);
Cornish buorth (= cattle yard); (bu = cow) + soft mutation + (gorth
= enclosure);
Welsh garth (= enclosure): Compare
Irish gort (= enclosure),
Latin hortus (= garden), seen also in English "horticulture",
"orchard", "cohort" and "court".
Greek khortos (= enclosure), seen also in English "chorus" /
"choir" (enclosure for singing and dancing).
Old Slavic gradu (= enclosure, city), in Russian revived as –grad
to coin new city name (as in Leningrad, Stalingrad); and it is also the origin
of gorod (= city) and ogorod (= garden) in modern Russian. It is
probably a word taken into Old Slavic form the Germanic language of the Slavs’
neighbours, the Ostrogoths.
:_______________________________ .
buarthfa ‹bi-ARTH-va›
PLURAL buarthféydd ‹bi-arth-VEIDD›
1 cattle yard, cattle fold
Buarthfa (former?) place in Llangrallo Uchaf / Coychurch Higher,
south-east Wales
ETYMOLOGY: (buarth = cattle yard, cattle fold) + (-fa prefix =
place)
:_______________________________ .
buast ti = buost ti ‹BI a sti› (verb)
1 you have been (North)
:_______________________________ .
buchdraeth ‹bikh -draith› (f)
PLURAL buchdraethau ‹bikh- drei -the›
1 biography
This literary word was never in general use. An example of it is a book title
for the year 1888. Buchdraeth
y Parch. (Parchedig) John Mills, Llundain. “(the) biography (of) the
Reverend John Mills, London”
ETYMOLOGY: (buch-, first syllable of buchedd = life) + soft
mutation + (traeth = treatise, declaration, narration). First occurrence
of this word noted for the year 1818.
:_______________________________ .
buches ‹bi -khes› feminine noun
PLURAL buchesau ‹bi-khe-se›
1 herd of cows
y fuches the herd
buches laeth herd of milch cows
ffermwr yn galw ar ei fuches o gae i'w godro
the farmer calling his herd of cows from the field to milk them
buches arddyst attested herd (i.e. certified free from specific
deiseases, such as bovine TB)
2 milking-fold for cows (Scotland:
loan);
Also in minor place names:
Y Fuches-wen ‹ə vî-khes wen› = “the white milking-fold” (place near
Ponterwyd
village, Ceredigion)
buches ddefaid fold where sheep are milked
brith y fuches ‹briith ə VI-khes› “black-and-white bird of the milking
fold”. This is an alternative name for the siglen wen (pied wagtail, Motacilla
alba ystemli)
ETYMOLOGY: (“group pf cows”) (buch- = cow, an older form of buwch)
+ (-es = collective suffix).
The suffix is to be seen also in the word llynges (= fleet, navy) < llong
(= boat).
:_______________________________ .
buchod ‹BI khod› (npl)
1 cows; see buwch
:_______________________________ .
budd, PLURAL: buddion / buddiau ‹BIIDH, BIDH yon / BIDH ye› masculine noun
1 benefit, usefulness
2 bod o fudd mawr i be of
great benefit to, be very useful to, to be a great asset to, to be a great
advantage for
Mae ei gwybodaeth o Gatalaneg o fudd mawr iddi
Her knowledge of Catalan is a great advantage for her
:_______________________________ .
budd-dâl, PLURAL:
budd-daliadau ‹BIDH dal, bidh dal YA
de› (masculine noun) pension
budd-dâl analluedd ‹BIDH dal a
na LHU edh› (masculine noun)
disablility pension / allowance / benefit
budd-dâl diweithdra ‹BIDH dal
di WEITH dra› (masculine
noun) unemployment allowance / benefit
budd-dâl gwragedd gweddwon ‹BIDH dal
GWEDH won› (masculine noun)
widow's pension / allowance / benefit
budd-dâl plant ‹BIDH dal PLANT› (masculine noun) child allowance /
benefit
budd-dâl salwch ‹BIDH dal SA lukh› (masculine noun) sickness allowance /
benefit
budd-dâl tai ‹BIDH dal TAI› (masculine noun) rent allowance
:_______________________________ .
buddel ‹bi -dhel› masculine noun
PLURAL buddelydd ‹bi-dhê-lidh›
1 pillar, post = post to
which a cow is tied in a cowhouse
ETYMOLOGY: buddel < buddelw
”cow post” (bu = cow) + soft mutation + (delwedd = stake, post; image,
idol)
:_______________________________ .
buddiannau ‹bidh-ya-ne› adj
1 interests; plural form of buddiant
:_______________________________ .
Buddug <BII-dhig> [ˡbiˑðɪg] (feminine noun)
1 woman's name (= Victory, Victoria, Boudicca / Boudecia)
ETYMOLOGY: (budd) + (-ig adjectival suffix) > buddig >
buddug
:_______________________________ .
buddugol <bi-DHII-gol> [bɪˡðiˑgɔl] (adjective)
1 victorious
ETYMOLOGY: (buddug = victory) + (-ol adjectival suffix) :_______________________________
.
buddugoliaeth, PLURAL: buddugoliaethau
<bi-dhi-GOL-yaith, -yeth,
bi-dhi-gol-YEI-thai, -e> [bɪðɪˡgɔljaɪθ,
-jɛθ, bɪðɪgɔlˡjəɪθaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 victory
y fuddugoliaeth the victory
ETYMOLOGY: (buddugol = victorious) + (-i-aeth noun-forming
suffix)
:_______________________________ .
budr <BII-dir> [ˡbiˑdɪr] (adjective)
1 dirty (North)
Y Rhyd-fudr SN5967 Farm in Ceredigion.
“the dirty ford, the foul ford, the muddy ford”
(y definite article) + (rhyd = ford) + soft mutation + (budr
= dirty)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=240735
2 great (South-east)
mewn taro budr (“miwn taro budur”) (South-east Wales) in great haste
:_______________________________ .
budreddi <bi-DREE-dhi> [bɪˡdreˑðɪ] masculine
noun
1 filth
2 filth, smut = salacious material
Pam mae rhaid i ni wylio rhyw hen fudreddi fel hyn ar y teli?
Why do we have to watch smut like this on TV?
3 filth, vice
ymdrybaeddu mewn budreddi wallow in vice
4 pwll o fudreddi cesspool =
filthy or corrupt place (“pool of filth”)
ETYMOLOGY: (budredd = dirt, filth) + (suffix -i)
:_______________________________ .
budrelwa <bi-DREL-wa> [bɪˡdrɛlwa] verb
1 profiteer
ETYMOLOGY: (budr- = dirty, foul, filthy) + (elwa = profit)
:_______________________________ .
Buellt <BII-elht> [ˡbiˑɛɬt] (feminine noun)
1 medieval territory, south-east Wales
2 Llanfair ym Muallt, originally Llanfair ym Muellt. This is
“(the) Llanfair (which is) in (the kántrev of) Buellt.
The English name of what was the main settlement in the cantref is a garbled
form of the name of the cantref: Buellt > ‘Builth’ (and nowadays ‘Builth
Wells’) <BI-elht, BILTH, bilth WELZ> [ˡbiˑɛɬt, bɪlθ, bɪlθ ˡwɛlz]
In a similar fashion Aberhonddu, the main town in the country of Brycheiniog,
became ‘Brecknock’, and Aberteifi <a-ber-TEI-vi> [abɛrˡtəɪvɪ] in the country of Ceredigion became ‘Cardigan’. <ke-re-DIG-yon> [kɛrɛˡdɪgj ɔn]
:_______________________________ .
bues <BII-es> [ˡbiˑɛs] verb
1 1 I have been
(first-person singular preterite of bod = to be)
Grammadeg o iaith y Cymry / Grammar of the Welsh Language. William
Spurrel. 1853. p.63
In South Wales buais, bues, buo are often heard used for bum; and
buodd for bu
:_______________________________ .
bues i <BII-es i> [ˡbiˑɛsɪ] (verb)
1 I have been
:_______________________________ .
buest ti <BII-e-sti> [ˡbiˑɛstɪ] (verb)
1 you have been
:_______________________________ .
bugloddio <bi-GLODH-yo> [bɪˡglɔðjɔ] verb
1 (cattle) turn up ground
with horns
2 district of Mawddwy
(county of Gwynedd):
said of cattle damaging hedges with their horns
ETYMOLOGY: “cow-dig” (bu- = cow) + soft mutation + (cloddio = to
dig)
:_______________________________ .
bûm <BIIM> [biːm] verb
1 I have been
(first-person singular preterite of bod)
Grammadeg o iaith y Cymry / Grammar of the Welsh Language. William Spurrel.
1853. p.63
In South Wales buais, bues, buo are often heard used for bum; and
buodd for bu
:_______________________________ .
buo <BII-es> [ˡbiˑɔ] verb
1 I have been
(first-person singular preterite of bod = to be)
Grammadeg o iaith y Cymry / Grammar of the Welsh Language. William
Spurrel. 1853. p.63: In South Wales buais, bues, buo are often heard
used for bum; and buodd for bu
:_______________________________ .
buoch <BII-okh > [ˡbiˑɔx] (verb)
1 you have been
:_______________________________ .
buoch chi <BII-o-khi> [ˡbiˑɔxɪ] (verb)
1 you have been
:_______________________________ .
buodd <BII-odh> [ˡbiˑɔð] verb
1 (he / she / it) has
been
(third-person singular preterite of bod)
Grammadeg o iaith y Cymry / Grammar of the Welsh Language. William Spurrel.
1853. p.63: In South Wales buais, bues, buo are often heard used for bum;
and buodd for bu
:_______________________________ .
buodd e <BII-o-dhe> [ˡbiˑɔðɛ] (verb)
1 he has been
:_______________________________ .
buodd hi <BII-odh hi, BII-o-dhi> [ˡbiˑɔð hɪ, ˡbiˑɔðɪ] (verb)
1 she has been
:_______________________________ .
buodd o <BII-o-dho> [ˡbiˑɔðɔ] (verb)
1 he has been
:_______________________________ .
buon <BII-on> [ˡbiˑɔn] verb
1 (Colloquial) buon ni we have been (literary form: buom
(ni))
Dyna ddawnsio y buon ni! How we danced! (“you-see-there dancing /
there’s dancing that we have been”)
2 (Colloquial) buon ni they
have been (literary form: buont (hwy))
:_______________________________ .
buon nhw <BII-o-nu> [ˡbiˑɔnʊ] (verb)
1 they have been
:_______________________________ .
buon ni <BII-o-ni> [ˡbiˑɔnɪ] (verb)
1 we have been
:_______________________________ .
burum <BI-rim> [ˡbɪrɪm] (masculine noun)
1 yeast
:_______________________________ .
busnes <BIS-nes> [ˡbɪsnɛs] masculine noun
PLURAL busnesau <bis-NE-sai, -se> [bɪsˡnɛsaɪ, -ɛ]
1 business = trade, transactions, acts of
selling, commerce
agored ar gyfer busnes
open for business
Yr oedd ganddynt stondin hen lyfrau, ond ychydig iawn o fusnes
a wnaent yn y ffair
They had a used books stall, but they did very little business in the fair
Mae Cymraeg yn y gweithle yn dda i fusnes am ei bod yn denu cwsmeriaid ac yn
creu awyrgylch o ewyllys da
The Welsh language in the work place is good for business as it attracts
customers and creates an atmosphere of goodwill
cyfuno busnes â phleser combine business with pleasure
2 business = company, firm
merch fusnes businesswoman
gwraig fusnes businesswoman
dyn busnes businessman
3 business, firm; shop
Roedd ganddi siop fach yn y pentref. Yr oedd gwell elw o'r busnes hwn nag
o'i melin flawd a'i fferm hefo'i gilydd She had a small
shop in the village. There was a bigger profit from this business than from her
flour mill and her farm together
4 ar fusnes on business, as
par of one's work activities
Aeth i gael cinio mewn gwesty crand - ar fusnes, wrth gwrs
He went to have dinner in a posh hotel - on business, of course
5 business = concern, affair
-Sut galla i ddweud wrtho? -Ych busnes chi yw hynny, ebe Jac
-How can I tell him? -That's your business, (not mine), said Jac
6 business, matter; something needing
attention
Wrth gwrs, ’dyw e ddim o ’musnes i, ond...
Of course, it’s none of my business, but...
Rhaid i ni siarad am fusnes y sied 'cw
We have to talk about the business of that shed
7 business = excretion (shitting,
pissing)
gwneud eich busnes (animal) to excrete
Petái ci yn gwneud ei fusnes ar yr hewl, fe fydd yn rhaid i'r perchennog dalu'n ddrud am y weithred o hyn ymlaen
If a dog does its business in the street, the owner will have to pay a high
price from now on
10 agored ar gyfer busnes open
for business (e.g. this office is open in spite of building work, in spite of
the holiday, etc)
ETYMOLOGY: English business < Old English bisignes
{“bíziy-nøs”} (= condition of being busy)
(equivalent to modern English busy + -ness, suffix for forming abstract
nouns)
:_______________________________ .
busnesa <bis-NE-sa> [bɪsˡnɛsa] (verb)
1 to stick one's nose into other people's business, to be nosy
ETYMOLOGY: (busnes = affair; business) + (-a suffix for
forming verbs) :_______________________________ .
busnesu <bis-NE-si> [bɪsˡnɛsɪ] verb
1 busnesu mewn... meddle in,
interfere in (someone's affairs)
Busnesu a laddodd y gath Curiosity killed the cat (“(it-is) meddling /
busybodying that killed the cat”)
ETYMOLOGY: (busnes = affair; business) + (-u suffix for forming
verbs)
NOTE: Also busnesa
:_______________________________ .
bustl <BI-stil> [ˡbɪstɪl] m
PLURAL bustlau <BIST-lai, -le> [ˡbɪstlaɪ, -ɛ]
1 bile, gall
2 bile = peevishness, bitterness
Acts 8:23 Canys mi a’th welaf mewn bustl chwerwder... For I perceive
that thou art in the gall of bitterness
Mae colofn Gwilym Owen yn y papur hwn yn llawn bustl bob wythnos
Gwilym Owen’s column in this paper is full of bile every week
3 coden fustl gall bladder
plural: codau / codenni / codennau bustl
carreg fustl plural: cerrig bustl gall-stone
4 mor chwerw â'r bustl as
bitter as bile (South: mor hwerw â'r bistil)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *bis-tlo-
Cornish bistl, Breton bestl
English bile < French < Latin bîlis, probably of Celtic
origin
NOTE: colloquial form: bustul / bistil <bístil> [ˡbɪstɪl]
:_______________________________ .
buta ‹BI-ta› [ˡbɪta] verb
1 (also spelt byta, bita. There is a variant
pronunciation byta with <Ə> [ə]). Colloquial word = to eat. The literary form is bwyta.
Buta is in fact a distinct word, based on byd (= food), an
obsolete variant of bwyd
:_______________________________ .
buwch, PLURAL: buchod <BIUKH, BII-khod> [bɪʊx, ˡbiˑxɔd] (feminine noun)
1 cow
y fuwch = the cow
2 buwch sanctaidd holy cow
3 gwerthu’r fuwch i brynu tarw
to rob Peter to bay Paul (“sell the cow to buy a bull”)
:_______________________________ .
buwch flith <biukh VLIITH> [bɪʊx ˡvliːθ] feminine noun
PLURAL buchod blithion <BII-khod BLITH-yon> [biˑxɔd ˡblɪθjɔn]
1 milch cow, dairy cow, cow kept for giving
milk
2 (figurative) milch cow, source of
income
ETYMOLOGY: (buwch = cow) + soft mutation + (blith = milch =
giving milk)
:_______________________________ .
buwch goch gota <biukh gookh GO-ta> [bɪʊx goːx ˡgɔta] feminine noun
PLURAL buchod coch cwta <BII-khod kookh KU-ta> [ˡbiˑxɔd koːx ˡkʊta]
1 ladybird
Fuwch fach gota – glaw neu hindda? Os daw glaw, cwympa
o’m llaw;
Os daw haul, hedfana! (Weather
lore)
Ladybird – rain or fine weather?
If rain will come, fall from my hand
If sun will come, fly!
ETYMOLOGY: “tail-less red cow, red cow without a tail”
(buwch = cow) + soft mutation + (coch = red) + soft mutation + (cota,
feminine form of cwta = short; tail-less)
DIALECTAL AND ARCHAIC WORDS AND PHRASES USED IN THE WEST OF SOMERSET AND EAST DEVON. / FREDERICK THOMAS ELWORTHY (1930-1907) / 1886.
GOD ALMIGHTY’S COW. The lady-bird.
:_______________________________ .
bwa, PLURAL:
bwâu <BUU-a, bu-AI> [ˡbuˑa, bʊˡaɪ] (masculine noun)
1 bow (weapon)
bwa a saeth <BUU-a a SAITH> [ˡbuˑa a ˡsaɪθ] (masculine noun) bow and arrow
2 bow (for stringed instrument)
llinyn bwa bow string
3 ffenestr fwa bow window, bay window
= segmentally curved window
4 arch of a bridge
Un o bontydd enwocaf
Cymru yw’r un dri bwa dros afon Conwy yn Llan-rwst One of the most famous bridges in Wales is the
three-arched one over the river Conwy in Llan-rwst
:_______________________________ .
bwa'r glaw <buu-ar GLAW> [ˡbuˑar ˡglaw] masculine
noun
North-east Wales
1 rainbow (“arch (of) the rain”, the rain arch, the rain bow)
:_______________________________ .
bwa'r wrach <buu-ar WRAAKH> [ˡbuˑar ˡwrɑːx] masculine noun
1 rainbow (“arch (of) the
witch”, the witch arch, the witch bow)
:_______________________________ .
bwa'r wybren <buu-ar UI-bren> [ˡbuˑar ˡʊɪbrɛn] masculine noun
South-east Wales
1 rainbow (“arch (of) the sky”, the sky arch, the sky bow)
:_______________________________ .
bwbach <BUU-bakh> [ˡbuˑbax] masculine noun
PLURAL bwbachod <bu-BAA-khod> [bʊˡbɑˑxɔd]
1 goblin, bogey, bogeyman, bugaboo
2 cusan bwbach cold sore
(“kiss (of) a hobgoblin”)
3 (disrespective of a person) bugger,
bastard
4 bwbach brain scarecrow
(“hobgoblin (of the) crows”)
5 South-east Wales bwbach
tarfu scarecrow (“hobgoblin (of) disturbing, frightening “)
6 bwbachod y Boncath nickname for
the inhabitants of this village in the county of Penfro (“(the) bogeys (of) Y
Boncath”)
:_______________________________ .
bwced <BU-ked> [ˡbʊkɛd] feminine noun
PLURAL bwcedi <bu-KEE-di> [bʊˡkeˑdɪ]
1 bucket, pail;
(Scotland: stoup)
y fwced = the bucket
2 bwced a rhaw bucket and
spade
ETYMOLOGY: English bucket < Middle English bocket < French
of England buket (= bucket), probably from Old English bûc (=
pitcher), with a French diminutive suffix; equivalent to German Bauch (=
belly)
:_______________________________ .
bwcedaid <bu-KEE-daid, -ed> [bʊˡkeˑdaɪd, -ɛd] feminine noun
PLURAL bwcedeidiau <bu-ke-DEID-yai, -e> [bʊkɛˡdəɪdjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 bucketful; bwceded o
ddŵr a bucketful of water
y fwcedaid = the bucketful
ETYMOLOGY: (bwced = bucket) + (-aid, suffix to indicate 'fullness
of a container')
NOTE: informal spelling: bwceded
:_______________________________ .
bwch <BUUKH> [buːx] masculine noun
PLURAL bychod <BƏ-khod> [ˡbəxɔd]
1 buck, male of certain
animals
2 (= bwch danas) (qv) roebuck
= male of fallow deer (Dama dama)
3 (= bwch gafr) he-goat
Numeri 7:88 A holl ychen yr aberth hedd oedd bedwar ar hugain o fustych, trigain o hyrddod, trigain o fychod, trigain o hesbyrniaid
Numbers 7:88 And all the oxen for the sacrifice of the peace offerings were
twenty and four bullocks, the rams sixty, the he-goats sixty, the lambs of the
first year sixty
4 bwch cwningen (plural bychod
cwningod) = buck rabbit, male rabbit
5 South Wales (in describing
reluctance, resistance)
fel bwch i odyn (“like a he-goat to the kiln”),
mor anodd â chael bwch i odyn (“as difficult as bringing a he-goat to the
kiln”)
6 North Wales stook of corn
7 bychod Dinbych nickname for the
inhabitants of this county town in the north-east (“(the) bucks / he-goats (of)
Dinbych”)
8 blingo'r bwch to vomit (“to
skin the billy-goat”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *bukk- < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish bokh (= buck), Breton bouc'h (=
buck)
In Hibernian Celtic: Scottish: boc (= buck)
English “buck” is of Celtic origin -
Celtic > Germanic *bukkaz > Old English bucca (= buck)
NOTE: In the South, the plural form is bwchod <BUU-khod> [ˡbuˑxɔd] instead of bychod.
Generally the usual alteration of w > y in the penultimate
syllable does not happen in this part of Wales
:_______________________________ .
bwchadanas <BUUKH a DAA-nas> [ˡbuːx a ˡdɑˑnas]
SEE: bwch danas
:_______________________________ .
bwch danas <BUUKH DAA-nas> [buːx ˡdɑˑnas] masculine noun
1 roebuck = male of
fallow deer (Dama dama)
ETYMOLOGY: “buck (of) fallow deer” (bwch = buck, roebuck) + (danas
= deer).
The element danas is probably some form of Old French dain (=
hind, female deer)
(modern French daim = (1) fallow deer; (2) buck, male deer)
NOTE: also bwch y
danas, bwchadanas
:_______________________________ .
bwch dihangol <BUUKH di-HA-ngol> [buːx dɪˡhaŋɔl] masculine noun
PLURAL bychod dihangol <BƏ-khod di-HA-ngol> [ˡbəxɔd dɪˡhaŋɔl]
1 scapegoat, (USA:
also - fall guy)
2 Old Testament (Leveticus 16)
scapegoat = a goat used in the annual Yom Kippur ritual where a priest
symbolically placed the sins of the Israelites on a goat and released it into
the desert.
ETYMOLOGY: 'escaping goat' (bwch = he-goat) + (dihangol =
escaping, from dianc = to escape). A direct translation of English
“scapegoat”, from “escape” + “goat”. The term was coined (1530) by the
translator of the Pentateuch (first five books of the Old Testament) into
English, William Tyndale, to translate Hebrew “azâzêl”, 'the goat of Azazel'
but was taken to mean 'goat that escapes', i.e. a goat allowed to escape into
the desert. (Azazel = a desert demon to whom a goat bearing the sins of Israel
was sent each year on the Day of Atonement. In later Jewish writings, and also
in Muslim texts, Azazel is the king of demons.) Leveticus 16:1 – 16:28
:_______________________________ .
bwcho <BUU-kho> [ˡbuˑxɔ]
1 Ceredigion, Penfro
have sexual intercourse, fuck, bonk, do it, etc
ETYMOLOGY: “to buck, to do what a buck does”.
The standard form (if it exists) would be bychio (bych-, penult
form of bwch = buck; male goat, male rabbit or hare, roebuck) + (-io,
suffix for forming verbs).
In the South, generally the change w > y in the penultimate
syllable does not happen; and the i at the beginning of a final syllable
is lost
:_______________________________ .
bwchod <BUU-khod> [ˡbuˑxɔd]
South Wales A variant of bychod, the plural form of bwch
(qv) = male goat, male rabbit or hare, roebuck.
In the South, generally the change w > y in the penultimate
syllable does not happen;
:_______________________________ .
bwci <BU-ki> [ˡbʊkɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL bwcïod <bu-KII-od> [bʊˡkiˑɔd]
1 bogey, goblin, ghost
(Scotland: worricow)
2 occurs in the place name Lluestybwci, smallholding in
Cellan, county of Ceredigion (“summer-house of the bogy”)
3 afal y bwci = hip, fruit of the dog rose Rosa canina
(“(the) apple (of) the goblin”)
4 county of Penfro bwci bal goblin, bogey (bal
is apparently “daft” or “gloomy, dark”, hence “daft bogey” or something
similar)
5 bwci bo (qv) = goblin, bogey
6 Carreg y Bwci <KA-reg ə BU-ki> [ˡkarɛg
ə ˡbʊkɪ] “(the) stone (of) the
goblin” SN6447
Near
Llan-y-crwys, county of Caerfyrddin
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/354056
Carreg y Bwci
ETYMOLOGY: The consonant <k> [k] in Welsh
and Cornish at the beginning of the final syllable is unusual, and so the word
is very likely a loan from English.
Possibly from English “bug” (= hobgoblin) (not the same word as “bug” =
insect), as in “bugbear” (= a goblin in the guise of a bear which eats naughty
children), influenced by English “puck” (Old English “pûca”) (= hobgoblin).
The Cornish form is buka (= goblin)
:_______________________________ .
bwcïaidd <bu-KII-aidh, -edh> [bʊˡkiˑaɪð, -ɛð] adjective
South-west Wales
1 (fire) cheerless, not bright, gloomy; tân bwcïaidd = dull
fire
2 (weather) cloudy, dull; tywydd bwcïaidd = dull
weather
ETYMOLOGY: (bwci = hobgoblin) + (-aidd, suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________ .
bwci bo <BU-ki BOO> [ˡbʊkɪ
ˡboː] masculine noun
PLURAL bwci bos <BU-ki BOOZ> [ˡbʊkɪ
ˡboːz]
1 bogy, goblin, ghost
(Scotland: worricow)
ETYMOLOGY: (bwci = hobgoblin) + (bo = ?exclamation).
Cornish buka bu, English bugabooo
NOTE: also bwgi bo in Welsh
[ Olde Cheshire Dialecte.
http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm
buggy-bo : ghost, spectre, hobgoblin,
fairy; scarecrow ]
:_______________________________ .
bwcio <BUK-yo> [ˡbʊkjɔ] (verb)
1 to book
:_______________________________ .
bwcl <BU-kul> [ˡbʊkʊl] masculine noun
PLURAL byclau <BƏ-klai, -e> [ˡbəklaɪ, -ɛ]
1 buckle = metal ring
with hinged spike used for securing strap, belt, etc
2 dod â (rhywbeth) i fwcl
resolve (a matter) (“bring something to a buckle”)
Oni bai am y ddamwain a gefais buaswn wedi dod â'r broses hyll hon i fwcl
ers talwm
If it hadn’t been for the accident I had I would have resolved this ugly matter
a long time ago
ETYMOLOGY: English buckle < Middle English boucle (= boss of
shield, buckle) < Latin
buccula (bucc-ul-a, with diminutive infix –ul-), a
diminutive form of bucca (= mouth, cheek)
NOTE: The colloquial form is bwcwl
:_______________________________ .
bwcram <BU-kram> [ˡbʊkram] masculine noun
1 buckram = a stiff
fabric made from cotton
stiff fel bwcram (“stiff like buckram”)
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English buckeram, bougeren < German or Italian <
the city of Bukhara (Bukhoro in Uzbek), a city in SE Uzbekistan once
noted for its textiles
(delwedd 7081)
:_______________________________ .
bwgan, PLURAL: bwganod <BUU-gan, bu-GAA-nod> [ˡbuˑgan,bʊˡgɑˑnɔd] (masculine noun)
1 ghost
tŷ bwgan haunted house (“house (of) ghost / bogey / bugbear”)
2 bwgan brain scarecrow
(“bugbear (of) crows”)
:_______________________________ .
bŵl <BUUL> [buːl] masculine noun
PLURAL bylau <BƏ-lai, -e> [ˡbəlaɪ, -ɛ]
1 bowl = wooden ball
2 round object
3 knob (doorknob, etc)
In use in the south-west as bwlyn
fel bwlyn shaped like a knob, knoblike
bwlyn sain volume control (standard term: rheolydd sain)
4 knob on an cow's or bull’s horns to
prevent it from causing harm
5 bŵl or bwlyn (South Wales) nave
of cart wheel, hub of a wheel
6 (obsolete) cannon ball
7 Ynys-y-bŵl ST0594
village in the county of Rhondda Cynon Taf .
The Anglican cleric Glanffrwd (William Thomas) was born in Ynys-y-bŵl
in 1843, and published his reminiscences in 1888 “Plwyf
Llanwyno, yr Hen Amser, yr Hen Bobl, a’r Hen Droion” (the Parish of Llanwynno,
the old times, the old people, and the old events)
Dichon mai natur a sefyllfa ddaearyddol y lle roddodd yr enw i Ynys-y-bŵl. Fodd bynnag, gellid yn naturiol ddywedyd Ynys-y-pwll. Gelwir ef yn Saesneg “Bowling
Green”. ’Wn i ddim pwy a Seisnigeiddiodd yr enw. Ond yn ddiau,
gwnaeth gamsyniad. Yr oedd y lle yn Ynys-y-pwll er y cread, ond yn gymharol ddiweddar y dechreuwyd chware Bwlbinnau ynddo. Felly, nid oes gennyf ddim diolch i’w dalu i neb am roddi enw Saesneg i’r lle. Ond daeth yr enw
Ynys-y-bŵl i gael ei gymhwyso at yr holl ardal – i fyny at Dai’r Plwyf a lleoedd eraill ar bob llaw.
The geographical nature and situation probably gave the name to Ynys-y-bŵl
(“the meadow of the bowl”). However it could be said naturally “Ynys-y-pwll”
(“the meadow of the pool”). In English it is called ‘Bowling Green’. I don’t
know who Englished the name. But doubtlessly, he made a mistake. The place had
been “Ynys-y-pwll”
since the Creation, but (only) comparatively recently people began to play
ninepins / skittles there. So I have no thanks to pay to anybody for giving it
an English name. But the name Ynys-y-bŵl came to be applied to the whole
area – up to Tai’r Plwyf (“the parish houses”) and other places all
around.
ETYMOLOGY: English boule (= wooden ball) < French boule <
Latin bulla (= round object, bubble)
Modern French has boule (= ball, sphere, globe; bowl in game of bowls or
bowling; billiard ball; the game of boule), boule de neige (= snowball).
(1) Middle English boule is in modern English bowl (= wooden
ball), to bowl (= roll a ball in bowling; throw a ball in cricket)
cf Lowlandic (‘Scots’) bool (= bowling ball), which has maintained the
original French [u] as a long [uu].
(2) The plural form of the French word boule has been borrowed into
English in recent times as boules (= game from France played with metal
balls on rough ground)
(3) The Latin word bulla > Medieval Latin bulla (= seal
attached to a papal bull, a document issued by the Pope) > modern English
(i) bulla (= same meaning – papal seal or document; also in medical or
anatomical terminology = bony projection resembling a bubble or
blister), and (ii) bull (= document issued by the Pope);)
NOTE: Often with the addition of the diminutive suffix -yn. See bwlyn
:_______________________________ .
bwla <BU-la> [ˡbʊla] masculine noun
PLURAL bwlaon <bu-LAA-on> [bʊˡlɑˑɔn]
1 bull
..a/ Cae Bwla = cae’r bwla (“the) field (of) the bull”).
Field in Talach-ddu (Powys)
..b/ Cae’r Bwla (“the) field (of) the bull”)
Field near Clas ar Wy / Glasbury (Powys) (spelt as Caerbwla)
...c/ For Llaneigon / Llanigon (Powys) in the Topographical Dictionary of
Wales, 1849, Samuel Lewis states:
Lewis Watkins, in 1712, gave an estate named Cae'r Bwla, consisting of
about thirteen acres of arable,
meadow, and copse, now producing from £10
to £12 per annum, for the endowment of a free school
...d/ Cae’r Bwla SJ 00578 08235.
Llanerfyl, Sir Drefaldwyn / Montgomeryshire
..e/ Waunybwla Place
in Llantarnam John Edmunds, Waynabulla in Lanvrechva [died] 27 May 1813
[aged] 2mths
(Mentioned in Llantarnam Burials 1813-74) http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~monfamilies/llantarnbur1813-74.htm
2 (South-east Wales)
bullock = castrated bull
3 gwellt y bwla
The History Of The Parish Of Llangurig /
Edward Hamer, Esq., and H. W. Lloyd, Esq. / 1875.
Mr. D. S. Evans points out that it [bwla]
also is applied in South Wales to a gelt bull, and that
"Gwellt-y-bwla" is a coarse mountain grass.
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English bule (=
bull) < Scandinavian
Modern English: bull. German has ‘der STIER’ (cf English steer = bull
castrated before reaching maturity). Norwegian has OKSE (cf English ox).
Danish has TYR and Swedid TJUR (cf English DEER). Besides NAUT,
Icelandic has BOLI (= bull).
:_______________________________ .
bwlch <BULKH> [bʊlx] (m) bylchau <BUL-kha, -khe> [ˡbʊlxai, -ɛ]
The Gwentian plural form bwlcha
is seen in the place name Pen Bwlcha east of Pont-y-gwaith ST0897 pen
y bylchau “(the) top / end (of) the passes / gaps”
1 gap, chasm, break; = break in continuity
2 bwlch yn y farchnad gap in the market, demand for goods or services
which is not matched by an adequate supply
llanw'r bwlch yn y farchnad to fill gap in the market, to offer goods or
services for which there is a demand and which is not being provided for
3 pass, mountain pass (USA: notch = deep narrow pass), (col = mountain pass).
Frequent in place names
4 gap in a fence, wall
llamu i'r bwlch come to the rescue ("leap into the gap")
sefyll yn y bwlch stand and defend ("stand in the gap")
5 gap, difference, discrepancy = a variation between two sets of figures
Mae bwlch mawr rhwng cyflogau menywod â chyflogau dynion
There's a big difference between the women's wages and men's wages
ond sylwch ar y bwlch mawr rhwng y ddau ffigwr but look at the
difference between the two figures
6 blank, space = space in a document left for information to be added space
between letters or words
7 (music) space = gap between lines of a staff
8 gap = particular space of time
bwlch o ddwyawr a gap of two hours, a space of two hours
bwlch
o bum mlynedd a space of five years
9 gap = particular distance in linear space representing a break in continuity
Mae bwlch o ddwy fodfedd rhwng y carped a'r wal
There's a space of two inches between the carpet and the wall
10 gap = a missing portion in a collection or series
Roedd bylchau
dirifedi yn y casgliad cyflawn honedig There were innumerable gaps in the so-called complete collection
11 gap = period of silence between dots and dashes in telegraphy
12 loss [said of someone or something mourned for]
gweld bwlch ar ôl un = miss someone (who has died)
bydd bwlch a cholled ar ôl y rhaglen honno that programme will be sorely
missed ("there will be a gap and a loss after that programme")
Y bwlch cyntaf oedd ymadawiad Harri, yn fachgen prin ugain oed, i fynwent
y llan... Yr oedd ei merch Jane wedi bod yn briod ers blwyddyn ac yn hynod
o hapus, pan y cymerwyd hithau ar enedigaeth baban... The first loss was
the departure of Harri, a boy just turned twenty, to the churchyard of the
parish church… His daughter Jane had been married for a year and was remarkably
happy, when she was taken on the birth of a child
13 loophole (in a law)
14 notch (in names of sheep's earmarks)
15 (North Wales) dimple
bwlch yn yr ên a dimple in the cheek (“in the jaw”)
16 Caledfwlch (qv)
Excalibur, name of Arthur's sword
17 Tudfwlch male forename (Tud = people, bwlch = gap;
?slash made by a sword)
18 amwlch (= split, gapped) < amfwlch (am- prefix) +
soft mutation + (bwlch)
Place name: Cefn Amwlch
19 Abbreviation on maps: B
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *bulk- < Celtic *bolk < PIE *blōkó
From the same British root: Breton boulc’h (= gap)
The PIE word is ultimately the source of English plough / plow < Old
English < Germanic < a Northern Italic language (cf Latin PLAUSTRUM =
wagon, cart)
:_______________________________ .
bwlcha <BUL-kha> [ˡbʊlxa]
1 The Gwentian pronunciation
of bylchau (“passes, gaps”), the plural form of bwlch (= pass,
gap”).
It occurs in the place name Pen Bwlcha east of Pont-y-gwaith ST0897 pen
y bylchau “(the) top / end (of) the passes / gaps”
:_______________________________ .
bwletin, PLURAL: bwletinau <BU-le-tin,
bu-le-TII-nai, -e> [ˡbʊlɛtɪn, bʊlɛˡtiˑnaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 bulletin
:_______________________________ .
Bwlgareg <bul-GAA-reg> [bʊlˡgɑˑrɛg] (feminine noun, adjective)
1 Bulgarian
y Fwlgareg = the Bulgarian language
:_______________________________ .
Bwlgaria <bul-GAR-ya> [bʊlˡgarja] (feminine noun)
1 Bulgaria
:_______________________________ .
Bwlwyn <BUU-luin> [ˡbʊˑlʊɪn]
1 Bonen, Flanders (now Boulogne,
France)
(delwedd G3946)
ETYMOLOGY: The town was originally known as Gesoriacum, but from the 300s it
was known as Bononia,
said to be a derivative of Gaulish bona
(= foundation, settlement), as in Welsh bôn (= base, foundation)
:_______________________________ .
..1 bwlyn <BUU-lin> [ˡbʊˑlɪn] masculine noun
1 (South-east Wales)
little bull; bullock = castrated bull
ETYMOLOGY: English (bull) + (-yn diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________ .
..2 bwlyn <BUU-lin> [ˡbʊˑlɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL bwlynnau, bylau <bu-LƏ-nai, -ne, BƏ-lai, -le> [bʊˡlənaɪ, -ɛ, ˡbəlaɪ,
-ɛ]
South Wales
1 small ball
2 nave of cart wheel, hub of a wheel
bwlyn cart (county of Ceredigion) nave of a cart, boss of a cart, hub of a cart
3 doorknob
Rhoddodd ei law ar y bwlyn he put his hand on the doorknob
4 round thing, spherical thing,
something round, something resembling a doorknob
5 knob
bwlyn sain sound control, knob etc for raising and lowering the volume
on a radio, etc
ETYMOLOGY: (bwl = ball) + (-yn diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________ .
Y Bwmfallt <ə BUM-valht> [ə ˡbʊmvaɬt] feminine noun
1 SS5694 locality 9km
to the west of Abertawe on the road to Pen-clawdd
English name: Poundfald / Poundffald
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS5694
NOTE: See also pitffald
ETYMOLOGY: From Middle English *poundfald < Old English (pund
= enclosure) + (fald = enclosure). Middle English has poundfald ,
pounfold, pundfold, etc from which comes modern English pinfold
[= enclosure for stray animals])
In England, there is a Poundfold Hill in County Durham, and a street called
Pound Fold in the village of Croscombe, by Shepton Mallet; William Langland
(ca. 1332 - ca. 1386) in his work “Piers Plowman” called Hell “the poukes
poundfold”
Notes And Queries: Of Intercommunication
For Literary Men, General Readers, Etc. Seventh Series. Volume Seventh, January
June 1889. Eerting, co. Sussex. Assignment of dower to Katherine, wife of Henry
Husee, in the manor of Hertyng : all chambers next the door on the west., and
outside the door, with the herbarium next to these chambers, towards the west,
and two small granges adjoining the garden ;..... the place called Pundfold;
the Southgardin, towards the west ; one-third of Laurencesgardin, towards the
south ;... (Close Roll, 23 Edw. III., Part 2).
(No date given)
For –allt, cf Rheinallt (=
Reynold), Gerallt (= Gerald), rhingyll > Bodringallt..
:_______________________________ .
bwncath, PLURAL: bwncathod <BUNG-kath, bung-KAA-thod> [ˡbʊŋkaθ, bʊŋˡkɑˑθɔd] (masculine noun)
1 buzzard (Buteo buteo)
(delwedd 7007) NOTE:
Traditionally in North Wales this is called a barcud, as in Cornish (bargos = buzzard) and Breton (barged = buzzard).
But in standard Welsh barcud is the red kite (Milvus milvus).
:_______________________________
.
bwrch <BURKH> [ˡbʊrx] masculine noun
PLURAL byrchau <BƏR-khai, -e> [ˡbərxaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (obsolete) borough = town with a corporation
and privileges by royal charter
2 Compare the place name Niwbwrch
(county of Môn) from English “Newburgh” (the modern English name is
“Newborough”)
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English burgh < Old English burh.
Common in place names in England as bury, borough, and in
Scotland burgh.
Related to Old English beorgan (= to shelter), German die Burg (=
castle)
:_______________________________ .
bwrdd, PLURAL: byrddau <BURDH, BƏR-dhai, -e> [bʊrð, ˡbərðaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 table
bwrdd adar <burdh AA-dar> [bʊrð ˡɑˑdar] (masculine noun) bird table
bwrdd coffi <burdh KOO-fi> [bʊrdd ˡkoˑfɪ] (masculine noun) coffee table
bwrdd gwisgo <burdh GWI-sko> [bʊrð ˡgwɪskɔ] (masculine noun) dressing table
bwrdd ymbincio dressing table
bwrdd ymwisgo dressing table
bwrdd ysgrifennu <BURDH
skri-VE-ni> [bʊrð skrɪˡvɛnɪ] (masculine noun) writing desk
gwasanaeth wrth y bwrdd waiter service, waitress service (“service at
the table”)
2 board
bwrdd diferu (America: drainboard) (Englandic: draining board)
bwrdd du <burdh DII> [bʊrð ˡdiː] (masculine noun) blackboard
bwrdd hysbysiadau <BURDH hə-spəs-YAA-dai,
-e> [ˡbʊrð həspəsˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun) notice board
gweini wrth y bwrdd serve at table
:_______________________________ .
bwri- <BUU-ri> [ˡbuˑrɪ] verb
1 stem of the verb bwrw
throw, hit.
bwriaf I throw
bwriad intention
(2 Croniclau 30:14)
A hwy a gyfodasant, ac a fwriasant ymaith yr allorau
oedd yn Jerwsalem; bwriasant ymaith allorau yr arogl-darth, a thaflasant hwynt i afon Cidron
(2 Chronicles 30:14)
And they arose and took away the altars that were in Jerusalem, and all the
altar for incense took they away, and cast them into the brook Kidron
:_______________________________ .
bwriad, PLURAL bwriadau <BUR-yad, bur-YAA-dai, -e> [ˡbʊrjad, bʊrˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] masculine noun
1 intention
2 bod yn fwriad gennych (wneud
rhywbeth) intend (to do something), be your intention to
3 bod yn eich bwriad wneud
(rhywbeth) intend to do something
:_______________________________ .
bwriadol <bur-YAA-dol> [bʊrˡjɑˑdɔl] adjective
1 intentional, wilful,
deliberate
tân wedi ei gynnau yn fwriadol a fire started deliberately
difrod bwriadol wilful damage
2 anfwriadol = unintentional,
involuntary,
yn fwriadol neu yn anfwriadol intentionally or unintentionally
ETYMOLOGY: (bwriad = intention) + (-ol, suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________ .
bwriadu <bur- YAA-di> [bʊrˡjɑˑdɪ] (verb)
1 to intend (doing)
bwriadu mynd i fyw i’r dre go to live in the town
:_______________________________ .
bwriwr <BUR-yur> [ˡbʊrjʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL bwrwyr <BUR-yur> [ˡbʊrjʊr]
1 (person) smelter,
founder
bwriwr haearn iron smelter, iron founder
ETYMOLOGY: (bwri-, stem of the verb bwrw = to throw, to cast, to
strike) + (-ad, suffix for forming nouns = ‘man’)
:_______________________________ .
bwriwr <BUR-lum> [ˡbʊrjʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL byrlymau <bər-LƏ-mai, -e> [bərˡləmaɪ, -ɛ]
1 bubble = ball of air in the air, in a liquid, in a solid
2 (liquid) bubbling, gurgling
3 (river) gurgling = noise of a current of water flowing over stones
Cân yr ehedydd a bwrlwm yr
afon oedd yr unig sŵn yn fy nghlustiau
The song of the lark and the gurgling of the river was the only sound in my
ears
4 bustle, life, hectic activity, animation
Nid oedd llawer o fwrlwm yn y tafarndai
There was not a lot of activity in the taverns
O Lansannan symudais i fyw i Gaer, ac er mwyn lleddfu ychydig ar yr hiraeth
ac ar y pryd dod â rhywfaint o'r 'hedd ym mro Hiraethog' i ganol bwrlwm bywyd
dinas rhoddais i'r enw 'Hiraethog' ar y tŷ From Llansannan I moved to
live in Chester, and in order to assuage somewhat my longing and at the same
time to bring a bit the ‘peace [which is] in the Hiraethog district' to the
midst of the bustle of city life I called the house 'Hiraethog'
Ymunais â bwrlwm celfyddydol Caer-dydd a Chasnewydd I joined the bustling art
scene (“the artistic bustle”) in Caer-dydd / Cardiff and Casnewydd / Newport
bwrlwm drwm drum roll byrlymus gurgling; bustling
byrlymu to bubble; gurgle; bustle
byrlymog bubbling
5 byrlymau rapids in a stream Byrlymau Elan SN8273
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=246112
ETYMOLOGY: onomatopeia.
NOTE: w-w becomes y-y, as in cwmwl, cymylau (cloud, clouds), cwmwd, cymydau (kúmmud, kúmmuds – a medieval
administrative district), cwlwm, cylymau (knot, knots)
:_______________________________ .
bwrn <burn> [bʊrn] masculine noun
1 burden
Mae’n fwrn arnaf fi He’s a millstone around my neck (“he’s a burden on
me”)
:_______________________________ .
Y Bwrtwe <BURT-we> [ˡbʊrtwɛ] feminine noun
1 Welsh form of the
English name The Portway - the name of the section of road from Caer-dydd /
Cardiff to Y Bont-faen / Cowbridge. In fact, this is part of the Roman road
from Glevum, present-day English city of Gloucester (Caerloyw in
Welsh) to Nidum (Castell-nedd, or ‘Neath’ in English.)
There are many roads in England called ‘The Portway’.
In 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911) (John Hobson Matthews, Mab Cernyw)
“The mediaeval name for the Roman road which skirts the shore of South Wales
and unites the ancient boroughs; particularly from Cardiff westward through
Cowbridge, Kenfig and Aberavon, to Neath. In the vernacular this road was
called Y Bwrtwe, by turning the English word into a feminine Welsh noun. It
occurs as late as 1763.”
This is noted elsewhere in the ‘Records’, where he notes a barn called Ysgubor
y Bwrtwe “(the) barn (of) the portway”), in the parish of Sain Nicolas:
YSGUBOR-Y-BWRTWE "Skybbor y Bwrtway" (the Portway barn.) In the
parish of Saint Nicholas (1763.)
2 Portway. Name of a farm by
Castell-paen, Powys. (The Welsh form of this name, if any, is unknown)
Archaeologia Cambrensis - Fourth Series
No. XXVII July 1876 p 213. (Bryngwyn, Radnorshire). Its market town is Hay, six
miles distant along a mountain road, so it is seldom visited by any strangers
to the neighbourhood. Still in early, perhaps prehistoric, times a way seems to
have passed through the valley by Painscastle to the Begwn Hill, and to the
British entrenchments on Garth Hill, overlooking Wye, in Llandeilo-Graban
parish. Williams, in his History of Radnorshire, supposes this to have been a
Roman way, in connection with the two camps, Gaer, and Little Gaer, of which
all traces are obliterated, on the right bank of Arrow, and the large circular
camp near Pentwyn in Brilley Parish, but there is, in fact, nothing more than
the name of Portway, which distinguishes a large farm between the road and
Rhos-goch, to justify such a supposition...
ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (pwrtwe, an
adaptation of English 'portway' = main road, road between market towns, road
between boroughs. As most nouns indicating roads are feminine in Welsh,
'pwrtwe' has joined this group)
:_______________________________ .
bwrw <BUU-ru> [ˡbuˑrʊ] (verb)
1 to throw; cast
bwrw pleidlais cast a vote
(ton) bwrw ewyn (wave) to cast foam
2 get rid of
bwrw annwyd <BUU-ru A-nuid> [ˡbuˑrʊ ˡanʊɪd]to shake off a cold, to shaking off a cold
bwrw swildod overcome shyness, overcoming shyness
bwrw’ch swildod overcome your shyness
bwrw blinder rest, relax
bwrw’ch blinder rest, relax (“throw (off) your tiredness”)
3 (weather) bwrw eira <BUU –ru EI-ra> [ˡbuˑrʊ ˡəɪra] (verb) to snow
bwrw glaw <BUU-ru GLAU> [ˡbuˑrʊ ˡglaʊ] (verb) to rain
bwrw cesair (South) to hail
bwrw cenllysg (North) to hail
bwrw hen wragedd a ffyn to rain cats and dogs, to pour down in torrents
(“throw old ladies and walking sticks”)
4 (time) spend
bwrw eich tymor yn y carchar do time, serve out your sentence in prison
bwrw awr ne' ddwy o gwsg get an hour or two of sleep
Bu raid i mi fwrw'r nos mewn stabl I had to spend the night in a stable
bwrw'r amser heibio while away the time
5 bwrw’ch tymer drwg ar (rywun) take it out on
(somebody) (“throw your bad temper on”)
6 (North) bwrw’ch bol wrth rywun unbosom yourself to, reveal
your innermost secrets to
7 bwrw’r draul count the cost
8 bwrw tin-dros-ben do
a somersault (“throw an arse-over-head”)
9 bwrw amheuaeth ar (rywbeth) cast doubts on
something, throw something into doubt
10 bwrw (ymosodiad) yn ei ôl repel (an attack)
11 bwrw heli i'r môr do something which is completely
pointless (“throw brine into the sea”)
bwrw cath i gythraul (“throw a cat to (the) devil”) to sacrifice a cat
to the devil, to appease the devil
12 cael eich bwrw i gywilydd be shamed (“get
your casting to shame”)
:_______________________________ .
bws PLURAL:
bysus / bysiau ‹BUS, BƏS; BƏ sis / BƏS ye› (masculine noun)
1 bus
2 gorsaf fysiau bus station
gorsaf y bysiau / yr orsaf fysiau bus station
gorsaf bysiau incorrect for gorsaf fysiau with soft mutation
yr orsaf fysiau ganolog the central bus station
:_______________________________ .
bwthyn <BUU-thin> [ˡbuˑθɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL bythynnod <bə-THƏ-nod> [bəˡθənɔd]
1 cottage = small house
2 cottage, lodge = small house in a park or estate
for a gatekeeper, gardener, caretaker
bwthyn clwm tied cottage
bwthyn bach wendy house
3 pwdin bwthyn cottage pudding
tiwlip bwthyn cottage tulip
4 Y Bwthyn street name in
..a/ Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
..b/ Deiniolen (county of Gwynedd)
..a/ Trefýclo (county of Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: bwth < English booth
(= small house) < Old English < Germanic
(bwth) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns)
Cf German die Bude (= market stall; hut on a building site; hovel,
dump); Norwegian bu (= hut, shack, shanty)
:_______________________________ .
bwthyn gwyliau <BUU-thin GUIL-yai, -e> [ˡbuˑθɪn ˡgʊɪljaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 holiday cottage
:_______________________________ .
bwtri <BU-tri> [ˡbʊtrɪ] (masculine noun)
1 (North Wales) pantry
Cedwid bwydydd yn y 'pantri' a'r bwtri / Papur Fama /
Gorffennaf 1991
[Food was kept in the
‘pantri’ and the ‘bwtri’ ]
bwtri : O'r Saesneg
buttery, butry. 'Ewch â'r llestri i'r bwtri’. /
t195 Rhai o Eiriau Llafar Sir Drefaldwyn BBCS 1, Rhan 3 Tachwedd 1922
[From English buttery,
butry. ‘Take the dishes to the pantry’.]
The meaning of ‘pantry’
is retained in the English of New England; and also in Oxford and Cambrisge
universities the buttery is a room where food is sold or provided to students.
2 (North Wales: Llŷn) dairy
ETYMOLOGY: English butt’ry
< buttery (modern south-eastern English has [ʌ] for [u] from the 1700s onwards
approximately, but the Welsh word retains the original [u].
From Anglo-French boterie, from bote (+ -erie) < Old
Occitan bota (= cask) < Latin butta (= cask).
Similar borrowings into
Welsh from English with the ‘elision of schwa’ are southern ‘ffactri’) (fact’ry
< factory) (and also northern ‘ffatri’, colloquial ‘leibri’ (lib’ry <
lib’ary < library), siocled (choc’late < chocolate), lotri (lott’ry <
lottery).
NOTE: ‘Olde Cheshire Dialecte: buttery: pantry’.
Link: cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm
(no longer functioning 07-07-2016)
:_______________________________ .
bwy <BUI> [bʊɪ] (masculine noun)
1 soft-mutated form of pwy (= who)
i bwy…? to whom…? who… to?
:_______________________________ .
bwyd, PLURAL: bwydydd <BUID, BUI-didh> [bʊɪd, ˡbʊɪdɪð] (masculine noun)
1 food
2 pigo’ch bwyd pick at food, eat reluctantly, without appetite
3 codi awydd bwyd arnoch whet your appetite (“raise (the) desire (of) food
on you”)
colli awydd bwyd lose your appetite
4 eisiau bwyd hunger (“want (of)
food”, “necessity (for) food”)
Mae eisiau bwyd arna i <mai EI-shai, I-she, BUID ar-nai> [maɪ ˡəɪʃaɪ, ˡɪʃɛ,
ˡbʊɪd arnaɪ] I'm
hungry
Enllyn bara da yw eisiau bwyd Hunger is the best sauce (= food no matter how
plain becomes very appetising when you are really hungry) (“(it is) (a) good
companage (of) bread that-is want (of) food”)
5 llaethfwyd dairy product,
dairy food; dairy products, dairy foods
(llaeth = milk ) + soft mutation + ( bwyd = food)
bocs bwyd (South) lunch box, snap tin, bait tin (for
carrying a snack lunch to work or to school)
tùn bwyd (North) lunch box, snap tin, bait tin (for
carrying a snack lunch to work or to school)
:_______________________________ .
bwydlen <BUID-len> [ˡbʊɪdlɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL bwydlenni <buid-LE-ni> [bʊɪdˡlɛnɪ]
1 menu = list of foods
available in a restaurant
y fwydlen the menu
bwydlen blant children’s menu
bwydlen dyddiol daily
menu
bwydlen y diwrnod carte du
jour (= menu showing dishes available on one particular day)
bwydlen ar gyfer cinio Gwyl Ddewi menu for the Saint David’s
Day Dinner
NOTE: the colloquial form is usually the
Englishism meniw (nm)
ETYMOLOGY: (bwyd = food) + soft mutation + (llen = sheet of
paper)
:_______________________________ .
bwydlen y diwrnod <BUID-len
ə DIUR-nod> [ˡbʊɪdlɛn ə ˡdɪʊrnɔd] (feminine noun)
1 menu of the day, carte du jour
:_______________________________ .
bwydlysieuwr, PLURAL: bwydlysieuwyr <buid-ləs-SHEI-ur, buid-lə-SHEI-wir> [bʊɪdləˡʃəɪʊr,
bʊɪdləˡʃəɪwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 vegetarian
:_______________________________ .
bwydo <BUI-do> [ˡbʊɪdɔ] (verb)
1 to feed
:_______________________________ .
bwyell <BUI-elh> [ˡbʊɪɛɬ] feminine noun
PLURAL bwyeill <BUI-eilh> [ˡbʊɪəɪɬ]
1 (American: ax)
(Englandic: axe), chopper
y fwyell the axe
gosod y fwyell ar wraidd y drwg strike at the root of the evil (“place the axe on
the root of the evil”)
bwyell ddeufin double-headed axe
bwyell ryfel war axe
dan y fwyell (expenditure, services) under the axe, threatened
with being restricted, (project) threatened with termination
ergyd bwyell axe-blow, axe-stroke
2 Gwegil y Fwyall name of a
Welsh air (“the back of the axe”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic. In Breton bouc’hal (=
hatchet), Irish biail (= hatchet). New Cornish boel [bo:l] <
Historical Cornish.
NOTE: Spoken forms:
..1/ bwyall
..2/ also in the south bwell ‹bu-elh› and bwall
..2/ in the North bwyallt, gwyallt,
..3/ in the district of Maldwyn in the centre of the country wyallt;
..4/ in the county of Ceredigion: wyell, wyall, gwyall
There is also a plural form bwyelli ‹bui-E-lhi›
:_______________________________ .
bwyell gam ‹bui-elh
gam› feminine noun PLURAL
bwyeill cam ‹bui-eilh
kam›
1 (American: adz)
(Englandic: adze) = tool for shaping wood
ETYMOLOGY: (bwyell = axe) + soft mutation + (cam = crooked)
(delwedd 7448)
:_______________________________ .
bwyell gig ‹bui–elh GIIG› feminine noun
PLURAL bwyeill cig ‹bui-eilh GIIG›
1 meat axe, cleaver
ETYMOLOGY: (bwyell = axe) + soft mutation + (cig = meat)
(delwedd 7449)
:_______________________________ .
bwyf ‹ buiv › v
1 I shall be (first person singular
present subjunctive)
Pan fwyf hen a pharchus When I am old and respectable
:_______________________________ .
bwygilydd <BUI GII-lidh> [bʊɪ giˑlɪð]
1 from one to the
other
Daeth atynt yn wên o glust bwy gilydd He came up to them with a smile from
one ear to the other / with a smile from ear to ear
Roedd yn gwenu o glust bwygilydd He was smiling
from one ear to the other
2 …on end
ddyddiau bwygilydd day after day, for
days on end
(dyddiau = days) + (bwygilydd = ‹adverb› one after the other).
There is soft mutation of an initial
consonant in adverbial phrases. hence dydd > ddydd
am oriau bwy gilydd for hours on end
ETYMOLOGY: bwygilydd, soft-mutated form of pwygilydd “to its
fellow” < (pwy) + soft mutation + (cilydd)
..1/ pwy < (pw = to) + (i = its)
..2/ cilydd (= fellow)
:_______________________________ .
bwystfil ‹buist -vil› masculine noun
PLURAL bwystfilod ‹buist- vî -lod›
1 beast = animal as
distinct from a bird or fish
2 beast, brute, monster = human
acting like an animal; a cruel person;
Os caiff bwystfil fel Efan Blaen-cae ei grafangau
ynot...
If a monster like Efan Blaen-cae gets his claws into you...
bwystfil o ddyn a brute of a man
3 something resembling a beast
4 bwystfil y maes wild
animal
Genesis 2:19 A'r Arglwydd Dduw a luniodd o'r ddaear holl fwystfilod y maes,
a holl ehediaid y nefoddd, ac a’u dygodd at Adda, i weled pa enw a roddai efe
iddynt hwy: a pha fodd bynnag yr enwodd y dyn bob peth byw, hynny fu ei enw ef.
Genesis 2:19 And out of the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the
field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he
would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the
name thereof.
Salmau 80.8 Mudaist winwydden o’r Aifft... (80.13) Y baedd o’r coed
a’i turia, a bwystfil y maes a’i pawr
Psalms 80.8 Thou hast brought a vine out of Egypt... (80.13) The boar of the
wood doth waste it, and the wild beast of the field doth devour it
ETYMOLOGY: (bwyst = beast) + soft mutation + (mil = animal)
Welsh bwyst- < British < Latin bêstia (= beast)
(long “e” in Latin and British regularly gives wy
in modern Welsh)
:_______________________________ .
bwyta ‹bui -ta›
verb with an object
1 eat
Eogiaid o'r Afon Taf a fwyteid weithiau yng Nghaer-dydd
Sometimes salmon from the river Taf were eaten in Caer-dydd
2 bwyta eich geiriau said
of indistinct pronunciation – refers to somebody who talks fast and
indistinctly (“eating your words”)
Fel llawer o'i gyd-Gardis mae e'n bwyta llawer o’i eiriau
And like a lot of fellow Cardis he mumbles a lot of his words
verb without an object
3 (Bible) bwyta’r Pasg eat the
Passover
Ioan 18:28 Yna y dygasant yr Iesu oddi wrth Caiaffas i’r dadleudy; a’r bore ydoedd hi; ac nid aethant hwy i mewn i’r dadleudy, rhag eu halogi; eithr fel y gallent fwyta’r pasg
John 18:28 Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it
was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they
should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover.
4 South Wales: verb = itch; masculine
noun tickle, itch
5 (cancer, rust, waves) corrode, eat
away, erode
Yr oedd y dŵr wedi bita i miwn dan glawdd yr ardd
The water had eaten into the base of the hedgebank
6 (expressions of satisfying a
voracious appetite)
bwyta fel nafi = eat like a horse (“eat like a navvy”)
bwyta fel ceffyl = eat like a horse
(“eat like a horse”)
North Wales bwyta fel Siôn Hafarch = eat like a horse (“eat like Siôn Hafarch”)
7 lleibio bwyta = eat like a horse
(“snatch + eat”)
8 North Wales sglaffio bwyta eat ravenously
9 adjective edible, eating,
for eating
gwymon bwyta edible seaweed
afal bwyta eating apple
10 pigo bwyta pick at food, eat
reluctantly, without appetite
11 (South Wales) (verb) = itch,
(masculine noun) tickle, itch
Ma’n llyged yn byta My eyes are itching
12 cael yr afal a’i fwyta have your cake and
eat it (“get the apple and eat it”)
cael eich afal i chwarae ac i’w fwyta have your cake and
eat it (“get your apple to play and to eat it”)
Chewch chi mo’ch afal i chwarae ac i’w fwyta You can’t have
your cake and eat it
ETYMOLOGY: bwyta < bwytá < bwyt-há < bwyd-há
(bwyd = food) + (-ha = suffix for forming verbs from nouns)
NOTE: The normal colloquial form is ‹bi-ta› spelt variously bita, buta,
byta. It is in fact a distinct word, based on byd (= food), an obsolete
variant of bwyd (= food)
:_______________________________ .
bwytadwy ‹bui-TAA-dui› (adjective)
1 edible
2 llyffant bwytadwy or broga bwytadwy (Rana escuelenta) edible frog
:_______________________________ .
bwyta gwellt eich gwely ‹bui-ta gwelht əkh gwê-li›
1 (“eat the straw of your
bed”) be on the breadline, be on the point of starvation, not have enought to
live on
ETYMOLOGY: (bwyta = eat) + (gwellt = straw) + (eich =
your) + (gwely = bed)
:_______________________________ .
bwyty ‹BUI ti› (masculine noun)
1 restaurant
:_______________________________ .
bychan ‹BƏ khan› (adjective)
1 little
-Fychan ‹VƏ khan› (masculine noun) (surname) frm the epithet
'small, junior'
2 ar raddfa fechan
on a small scale, in miniature
3 pechod bychan
venial sin
:_______________________________ .
bychan a mawr ‹BƏ-khan a MAUR› masculine noun
1 fychan a mawr (with soft mutation when in apposition) great
and small
Diwrnod mawr yn hanes y teulu yw’r cyfarfod blynyddol, ac edrychir yn mlaen
ato gan bob aelod ohono, fychan a mawr, gyda’r boddhad mwyaf digymysg. The
annual meeting is a great day in the history of the family, and it is looked
forward to by every member of it, both adults and children, with great pleasure
(“the greatest unmitigated satisfaction”)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘little and big’ (bychan = little, small) + (a = and)
+ (mawr = great, big)
:_______________________________ .
bychod ‹BƏ khod› (plural noun)
1 billy goats; see bwch
:_______________________________ .
byd, PLURAL: bydoedd ‹BIID, BƏ dodh› (masculine noun)
1 world
map o’r byd a map of the world
2 hawddfyd comfortable
circumstances, ease, happiness, prosperity (hawdd = easy, pleasant)
3 mynd yn ôl yn y byd come down in the world
“go back in the world” (mynd = to go) + (yn ôl = back) + (yn y byd = in the world)
4 henfyd ancient world
(hen = old, ancient) + soft mutation + (byd = world)
Persia’r henfyd ancient Persia (“Persia (of) the ancient world”)
5 y byd sydd ohoni today’s world
hynt y byd sydd ohoni current affairs (“(the) way (of) the current world”)
6 isfyd underworld (of crime)
(is = lower, below, under) + soft mutation + (byd = world)
isfyd Caer-dydd the Caer-dydd
underworld
7 (great quantity, great extent) amryw
byd o very many
Ma’ gen i amryw byd o bethe i’ neud heddi I’ve got hundreds of things to
do today
(“y mae gennyf amryw byd o bethau i’w gwneud heddiw”)
Cewch fyd o fwyhad You’ll enjoy yourself no end (“you will get a world
of enjoyment”)
8 byw o olwg y byd live a sheltered
life (“live (away) from (the) sight (of) the world”)
9 tragwyddolfyd eternity
(tragwyddol = eternal) + soft mutation + ( byd = world)
y tu yma i’r tragwyddolfyd this side of
eternity, in our mortal existence
10 yn y byd (after a negative
phrase) at all
Dyw’n syndod yn y byd It’s not the least
bit surprising, It’s hardly surprising
11 adfyd adversity,
distress, affliction
(ad- prefix = bad ) + soft mutation + ( byd = situation,
condition; world)
13 bod yng ngheg y byd be common knowledge (“to be in the
mouth of the world”)
14 pen draw'r byd the other side of
the world
Am ben draw byd o le! What a God-forsaken place!
15 ar gyfrif yn y byd on any
account
16 yr eilfyd the afterlife,
the world to come
(eil-, penult form of ail = second ) + soft mutation + (byd
= world)
17 hyd orffen byd until the
end of time (“until ‹the› end ‹of the› world”)
:_______________________________ .
bydd ‹BIIDH› (verb)
1 he / she / it will be
2 (second-person-singular imperative) be!
Bydd yn fachgen da, Siôn Be a good boy, Siôn
:_______________________________ .
bydd a ‹BII dha› (verb)
1 he will be (South-east)
:_______________________________ .
bydd e ‹BII dhe› (verb)
1 he will be (South-west)
:_______________________________ .
bydd hi ‹BIIDH› (verb)
1 she will be
:_______________________________ .
byddi ‹ bə -dhi› v
1 you’ll be
byddi di you’ll be
mi fyddi di (North) you’ll be
fe fyddi di (South) you’ll be
ti fyddi (South-east) you’ll be
Ti fyddi fel goleuad yn y nefoedd You’ll be like a light in heaven
Ble byddi di’n aros heno? Where will you stay tonight?
ETYMOLOGY: Middle Welsh byddy
:_______________________________
.
byddigions ‹ bə-DHIG-yons › pl
1 (colloquial) gentry
ETYMOLOGY: alteration of boneddigion (= gentry)
NOTE: Some Points of Similarity in the Phonology of Welsh and Breton,
T.H. Parry-Williams, 1913
In W[elsh], however, the interchange of f and dd is quite common, especially
in the dial[ect]s…
One example given of the change dd > f is byddigions
(boneddigion, with the plur[al] s- ending of English) (= gentry) >
byfigions
:_______________________________ .
bydd o ‹BII dho› (verb)
1 he will be (North)
:_______________________________ .
byddach ‹BƏ
dhakh› (verb)
1 you will be (North-west) (South-east)
:_______________________________ .
byddach chi ‹BƏ
dha khi› (verb)
1 you will be (North-west) (South-east)
:_______________________________ .
bydda fo = byddai ef ‹BƏ dha vo› (verb)
1 he'd be (north); = standard byddai ef
:_______________________________ .
bydda hi ‹BƏ
dhai› (verb)
1 she'd be
:_______________________________ .
bydda i ‹BƏ
dhai› (verb)
1 I'll be
:_______________________________ .
byddai ‹BƏ
dhe› (verb)
1 she'd / it'd / he'd be
:_______________________________ .
byddan ‹BƏ
dhan› (verb)
1 we will be (North-west); they will be
:_______________________________ .
byddan nhw ‹BƏ
dha nu› (verb)
1 they will be (North-west) (South-east)
:_______________________________ .
byddan ni ‹BƏ
dha ni› (verb)
1 we will be (North-west)
:_______________________________ .
byddar ‹BƏ
dhar› (adjective)
1 deaf = able to hear only with difficulty
Mae e fymryn yn fyddar He’s a little bit deaf
2 mud a byddar ‹MIID a BƏ dhar› deaf and dumb
3 troi clust fyddar i rywbeth turn a deaf ear
to something
:_______________________________ .
byddat ‹BƏ dhat› (verb)
1 you'd be (North-west)
:_______________________________ .
byddat ti ‹BƏ dha ti› (verb)
1 you'd be (North-west)
:_______________________________ .
bydde ‹BƏ dhe› (verb)
1 she'd / it'd / he'd be
:_______________________________ .
byddech ‹BƏ dhekh› (verb)
1 you'd be
:_______________________________ .
byddech chi ‹BƏ dhe khi› (verb)
1 you'd be
:_______________________________ .
bydded ‹bə -dhed› verb
1 may it be (third person singular imperative form of the verb bod
= to be)
Bydded i'r hen iaith barháu (in the Welsh national anthem)
Long may the Welsh language live
(“may-it-be to-the old language continuing”)
2 Bydded goleuni Let there be
light, Fiat lux!
Genesis 1:3 A Duw a ddywedodd, Bydded goleuni, a goleuni a fu
Genesis 1:3 And God said, Let there be light: and there was light
NOTE: also boed, bid
:_______________________________ .
bydde fe ‹BƏ dhe ve› (verb)
1 he'd be
:_______________________________ .
bydde fo ‹BƏ dhe vo› (verb)
1 he'd be (North)
:_______________________________ .
bydde hi ‹BƏ dhei› (verb)
1 she'd be
:_______________________________ .
bydden ‹BƏ dhen› (verb)
1 we'd be, they'd be
:_______________________________ .
bydden nhw ‹BƏ dhe nu› (verb)
1 they'd be
:_______________________________ .
bydden ni ‹BƏ dhe ni› (verb)
1 we'd be
:_______________________________ .
byddet ‹BƏ dhet› (verb)
1 you'd be
:_______________________________ .
byddet ti ‹BƏ dhe ti› (verb)
1 you'd be
:_______________________________ .
byddi ‹BƏ dhi› (verb)
1 you will be
:_______________________________ .
byddi di ‹BƏ dhi di› (verb)
1 you will be
:_______________________________ .
byddin, PLURAL: byddinoedd ‹BƏ dhin, bə DHI nodh› (feminine noun)
1 army
y fyddin = the army
gyrru byddin ar ffo to rout an army (“drive (an) army to flight”)
2 anhrefnu byddin throw an
(enemy) army into disarray (“disarrange (an) army”)
3 gwasanaethu yn y fyddin serve
in the army
4 canolfan fyddin army base
(“centre (of) army”)
5 byddin oresgynnol occupation
force, army of occupation, occupying army
:_______________________________ .
byddwch ‹BƏ dhukh› (verb)
1 you will be
:_______________________________ .
byddwch ‹bə -dhukh› verb
1 be...!: imperative form, second person plural, of bod = to
be
Byddwch yn ofalus iawn Be very careful
:_______________________________ .
byddwch chi ‹BƏ dhu khi› (verb)
1 you will be
:_______________________________ .
byddwn ‹BƏ dhun› (verb)
1 we shall be
:_______________________________ .
byddwn ni ‹BƏ dhu ni› (verb)
1 we shall be
:_______________________________ .
bydwraig, PLURAL: bydwragedd ‹BID reg, bid RA-gedh› (feminine noun)
1 midwife
2 helygen y fydwraig (Salix herbacea) least willow
See: helygen leiaf (helyg lleiaf)
:_______________________________ .
bydysawd ‹bə DƏ sawd› (masculine noun)
1 universe
:_______________________________ .
byngythiad PLURAL: bygythiadau ‹bə GƏTH yad, bə gəth YÂ de› (masculine noun)
1 threat
2 bod dan fygythiad cael eu difa
be under threat of extinction (“be under threat (of) receiving its destroying”)
:_______________________________ .
bylchu ‹BƏL khi› (verb)
1 split
2 bylchu (wal) knock down, flatten, smash open (a wall)
:_______________________________ .
byngalo, PLURAL: byngalos ‹BƏN
ga lo, BƏN ga los› (masculine noun)
1 bungalow
:_______________________________ .
bynnag ‹BƏ nag› Corresponds to English ‘ever’ added to interrogatives – whatever, however,
whenever, etc
1 faint bynnag however much
Chewch chi moni hi faint bynnag o arian a wariwch chi
You won’t get it no matter how much money you spend
2 pa gyn lleied bynnag
however little
:_______________________________ .
bynsen ‹bən -sen› feminine noun
PLURAL byns ‹bəns ›
1 bun
y fynsen = the bun
bynsen hufen cream bun
bynsen y Grog hot cross bun (“bun (of) the cross”)
:_______________________________ .
byr ‹BIR› (adjective)
1 short
2 mewn byr eiriau
in short
yn fyr in short
mynd y ffordd fyrraf go
the shortest way
3 in street names:
..1/ Ffordd Fer
y ffordd fer “the short road”
Street name in
….a/ Caergybi (county of Ynys Môn)
….b/ Mynyddisa
(county of Y Fflint)
….c/ Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint)
(y = the) + (ffordd = road) + soft mutation + (ber,
feminine form of byr = short)
..2/ Heol Fer
yr heol fer “the short street”
Name of a street in Penyrheol, in the town of Caerffili
(yr = the) + (heol = road) + soft mutation + (ber,
feminine form of byr = short)
:_______________________________ .
byrbryd ‹bər
-brid› masculine noun
PLURAL byrbrydau ‹bər- brə -de›
1 snack
ETYMOLOGY: (byr- ‹ə› penult-syllable form of byr ‹i› =
short) + soft mutation + ( pryd = meal)
:_______________________________ .
byrbysgodyn ‹bər-bə-
skô -din› masculine noun
PLURAL byrbysgod ‹bər-bə -skod›
1 (Carrasius carassius)
crucian carp
ETYMOLOGY: (byr- ‹ə› penult-syllable form of byr ‹i› =
short) + soft mutation + ( pysgodyn = fish)
:_______________________________ .
byrddaid, PLURAL: byrddeidiau ‹BƏR dhed, bər DHEID ye› (masculine noun)
1 tableful
:_______________________________ .
byrdra ‹BƏR dra› (masculine noun)
1 shortness
Synnais i ar fydra ei amynedd I was surpised by his lack of patience, by
his impatience (“his shortness of patience”)
:_______________________________ .
byrdwn ‹BƏR-dun (masculine noun)
PLURAL: byrdynau ‹bər-DƏN-yai,
-ye› 1 (cân = song) refrain = part of
a song repeated after every stanza "Fedrwch chi hi, Tomos?" "Digon i fedru uno yn y byrdwn.
Allan â hi, John.’
t7 Melin-y-ddôl William a
Myfanwy Eames 1948
‘Can you (sing) it?’ ‘Enough
to be able to join in the refrain. Let’s hear it (Out with it), John,’
2 theme, main idea, subject (pregeth = sermon) (araith = speech)
(sgwrs = talk, conversation) Penderfynais y tro hwn deithio [yn n]osbarth y trydydd... er mwyn cael
clywed beth oedd byrdwn clebran y bobl gyffredin
t57 Seneddwr ar Dramp
Rhys J Davies 1935
I decided to travel third
classto be able to hear what was the subject of ordinary people’s talk
3 (adroddiad = report),
message, main conclusion Mae
ffigurau newydd yn profi fod chwyldro tawel yn digwydd yn agwedd siaradwyr
Cymráeg at fyd busnes. Dyna fyrdwn adroddiad gan fudiad "Menter a Busnes"...Cymro 12
01 94
New figures show that
there is a silent revolution happening in the attitude of Welsh-speakers
towards business. That’s the message of a report by the movment ‘Enterprise and
Business’
4 meaning, import
Addawodd Mr Gorbachov fod yn fwy agored -
dyna fyrdwn "glasnost" Cymro 21 06 89
Mr Gorbachov promised to be
more open . that’s the meaning of "glasnost"
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English bordoun < French bourdon = humming, drone of a instrument
such as a bagpipe < Latin burdo (= drone bee)
Modern English has burden < bourdon (showing the influence of the word burden = load)
The burden of a song is from Fr[ench]. bourdon, "a drone, or dorre-bee; also, the humming, or buzzing, of bees; also, the drone of a bag-pipe" (Cotgrave). It is of doubtful origin, but is not related to burden, a load, which is connected with the verb to bear.
The Romance of
Words / Ernest Weekley, M.A / 1912 / p.146
:_______________________________ .
byrfyfyr ‹bər- vər -vir› adjective
1 impromptu, improvised , off-hand
yn fyrfyfyr (adverb) off-hand
ateb yn fyrfyfyr answer off hand, off the top of your head
ETYMOLOGY: (byr- ‹ə›, penult-syllable form of byr ‹i› =
short) + soft mutation + (myfyr = consideration, thought)
:_______________________________ .
byrger, PLURAL: byrgers ‹BƏR
gər, BƏR gərs› (masculine noun)
1 burger
:_______________________________ .
byrgler, PLURAL: byrgleriaid ‹BƏR gler, bər GLER yed› (masculine noun)
1 burger
larwm byrgler (a more colloquial expression than larwm lladron) ‹la rum BəR gler› burglar alarm
NOTE: Colloquial plural:
byrglers
ETYMOLOGY: English BURGLAR < Anglo-French burgler, from Medieval Latin noun burglātor (also as burgulātor), from the noun burgātor, from the verb burgātre (= to commit burglary) < burgus (= fortified town) from a Germanic word equivalent to English burgh,
borough, bury (= castle, fort).
ALTERNATIVE ETYMOLOGY: If not from Germanic, Anglo-French burgler < Old French *borgl(er) from a Latin word based
on a Gaulish word
:_______________________________ .
byrgoes ‹BƏR gos› (adjective)
1 short-legged
daeargi byrgoes Cairn terrier (= breed of dog)
dyn byrgoes a man with short legs
ETYMOLOGY: (byr = short) + soft mutation + (coes = leg)
_______________________________.
byrgorn ‹bər -gorn› adjective
1 short-horned
gwartheg byrgorn short-horned cattle
da byrgorn South Wales short-horned cattle
ETYMOLOGY: (byr-, penult-syllable form of byr = short) + soft
mutation + (corn = horn)
:_______________________________ .
byrllysg ‹bər
-lhisk› masculine noun
PLURAL byrllysgau ‹bər- lhə -ske›
1 mace = symbol of
authority
2 mace = symbol of a mayor's
authority in a borough
3 Y Byrllysg mace of the
English House of Commons, carried before the Speaker in procession by the
Serjeant-at-Arms, and which rests on the table when the parliament is in session,)
ETYMOLOGY: (byr- ‹ə› penultimate syllable form of bwr =
fat) + soft mutation + (llysg = stick)
NOTE: Less correctly as brysgyll ‹brə
-skilh›
byrllysg
> *bryllysg (metathesis rll
> ll-r)
> *brysllyg (metathesis ll-sg
> sll-g)
> brysgyll (methesis ll-g
> g- ll)
:_______________________________ .
byrst ‹bərst› masculine noun
PLURAL byrstiau ‹bərst -ye›
1 burst
ETYMOLOGY: English burst < Old English berstan, a word related
to English break
:_______________________________ .
byrstio ‹BƏRST-yo› (v)
1 burst
ETYMOLOGY: English burst + (-i-o verb suffix)
:_______________________________ .
bys <BIIS> [biːs] masculine noun
PLURAL bysedd ‹BƏ-sedh› [ˡbəsɛð]
1 finger
bys bawd thumb
Mae pob bys yn fawd ganddo He’s clumsy with his fingers (“every finger is a
thumb with him”)
bys blaen forefinger, index finger (“finger (of) front”)
mynegfys forefinger, index finger (“indicating finger”)
uwdfys forefinger, index finger (“porridge finger”)
bys yr uwd forefinger, index finger (“finger (of) porridge”)
bys canol middle finger (“middle finger”)
hirfys middle finger (“long finger”)
canolfys middle finger (“middle finger”)
bys y din (vulgar) middle finger (“finger (of) the arse / ass”)
bys modrwy ring finger (“dit (of) finger”)
bys bach little finger (“little finger”)
codi’r bys bach be a drinker, be an excesive drinker (“raise the little
finger”)
clustfys little finger (“ear finger”)
2 ôl bys PLURAL olion bysedd finger prints
3 blaen bys finger tip
ar flaenau’ch bysedd at the tips of your fingers, at your fingertips
4 troi rhywun o gwmpas eich bys
bach twist somebody round your little finger
Chei di ddim cyffwrdd pen dy fys ynddo I won’t let you lay a finger on
him (“you won’t get (the) touching (of the) tip (of) your finger in him”)
5 estyn bys at (rywun)
(“extend (a) finger to”)
(1) point somebody out,
(2) betray somebody;
(3) shake one’s finger at, reprimand somebody
estyn bys yng ngwegil (rhywun) point the finger of scorn at (“extend (aa)
finger in (the) back-of-the-neck (of) someone”)
6 dodi’ch bys ar y dolur put
your finger on it (on the cause of the trouble) (“put your finger on the
wound”)
Also rhoi’ch bys...
7 Cystal bys a bawd â chyllell a
fforc Fingers were made before forks (in excusing oneself for not eating
with a knife and fork) (“(it-is) as-good (a ) finger and thumb as (a) knife and
fork”)
8 llosgi’ch bysedd burn your fingers, lose money in a venture
A losgodd ei fysedd a ochel y tân
Once bitten twice shy (“the person who burnt his fingers is the person who
avoids the fire”)
9 gweithio’ch bysedd at yr asgwrn work your fingers to the
bone
10 (musical instrument) twll bys finger hole
11 toe
bys troed toe
12 finger = part of a glove which
covers a finger
13 something finger-shaped
14 hand (of clock, watch)
awrfys hour hand (“hour-finger”) (awr = hour) + soft mutation + (bys
= finger)
bys awr hour hand (“finger (of) hour”)
bys bach little hand (“little finger”)
bys hir minute hand (“long finger”)
bys mawr minute hand (“big finger”)
bys munud minute hand (“minute finger”)
15 rhoi eich bys ym mhotes arall
= interfere in other people's affairs (“put your finger in the soup of someone
else”)
Mae gennych fys ym mhob brwes You have a finger in every pie (“in every
broth”)
16 mynd rhwng eich bysedd slip through your fingers
17 (South Wales) (in children's
rhymes) bys y crogwr = ring finger
18 mêl ar eich bysedd (“honey on your fingers”) music to one’s
ears (in expressing Schadenfreude, or one’s delight at, or satisfaction with,
the misfortune of somebody else)
Mêl ar ei fysedd fu clywed fod llwynog
wedi lladd bob un o ieir Jac Tyn-y-wern
It was wonderful to hear that a fox had killed every one of Jac (of) Tyn-y-wern
(farm)’s chickens
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
From the same British root: Cornish bys (= finger), bysow (=
finger ring); Breton bis (= finger), bizoù (= finger ring, ring
with jewels). The French word bijou (= jewel) is from Breton bizioù
:_______________________________ .
bysedd ‹BƏ-sedh› [ˡbəsɛð] (plural noun)
1 fingers; see bys
:_______________________________ .
bysell <BƏ-selh> [ˡbəsɛɬ] feminine noun
PLURAL bysellau <bə-SE-lhai, -lhe> [bəˡsɛɬaɪ, -ɛ]
1 key (on keyboard of
typewriter, computer)
y fysell the key
ETYMOLOGY: (bys = finger) + (-ell = suffix)
:_______________________________ .
bysellfwrdd <bə-SELH-vurdh> [bəˡsɛɬvʊrð] masculine noun
PLURAL bysellfyrddau <bə-selh-VƏR-dhai, -dhe> [bəsɛɬˡvərðaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 keyboard
Sgiliau bysellfwrdd keyboard skills
ETYMOLOGY: calque on English “keyboard” (bysell = typewriter key) + soft
mutation + (bwrdd = board)
:_______________________________ .
bysiau <BƏS-yai, -ye> [ˡbəsjaɪ, -ɛ] (plural noun)
1 buses; see bws
:_______________________________ .
byta / byta ‹BI–ta, BƏ –ta› [ˡbɪ–ta, ˡbə–ta] verb
1 a variant spelling of buta = to eat; byta is a form with a
loss of the quality of the vowel y > y
:_______________________________ .
byth <BITH> [bɪθ] (adverb)
1 never
Does dim byth yn digwydd Nothing ever happens
2 for ever
Esra 9:12 fel y cryfhaoch, ac y mwynhaoch ddaioni y wlad, ac y gadawoch hi
yn etifeddiaeth i'ch meibion byth
Ezra 9:12 that ye may be strong, and eat the good of the land, and leave it for
an inheritance to your children for ever
3 bod byth mewn coffadwriaeth be in everlasting remembrance
Salmau 112:6 Yn ddiau nid ysgogir ef byth: y cyfiawn fydd byth mewn
coffadwriaeth.
Psalms 112:6 Surely he shall not be moved for ever: the righteous shall be in
everlasting remembrance.
4 am byth for ever
Cymru am byth Wales forever / for ever
5 byth wedyn ever again
Weles i moni byth wedyn I never saw her again
6 unwaith ag am byth once and
for all
taliad unwaith ag am byth
a premium payment, a one-off payment
7 cymaint fyth a fynnoch chi as
much / many as you like
:_______________________________ .
byth bythoedd <bith BƏ-thoidh, -thodh> [bɪθ ˡbəθɔɪð,
-ɔð] adverb
1 never ever
2 Gwlad Byth Bythoedd Never-Never Land
ETYMOLOGY: (byth = always / never) + (bythoedd, plural of byth)
:_______________________________ .
bytholi <bə-THOO-li> [bəˡθoˑlɪ] (verb with an object)
1 perpertuate
ETYMOLOGY: (bythol = eternal, permanent) + (-i suffix for forming
verbs) :_______________________________ .
bythynnod <bə-THƏ-nod> [bəˡθənɔd] (plural noun)
1 cottages; see bwthyn
:_______________________________ .
..1 byw <BIU> [bɪʊ] (verb)
1 to live byw yn sanctaidd live a saintly life
cael byw be allowed to live, not be executed, have one’s
life spared
Gwna dithau fel y gwnes i, ac yna cei fyw
fel finnau, a pheidio mynd i’r crocbren
Do as I did, and your life will be spared
like mine was, and you won’t go to the gallows
2 yn byw <ən BIU> [ən ˡbɪʊ] (verb) mae'n e'n byw eto he's still
alive to this day
Cf yn fyw <ən VIU> [ən ˡvɪʊ] (adverb)
(yn = linking particle) + soft mutation + (the adjective byw = alive)
3 byw ym mhoced rhywun live by sponging off others (“live in (the)
pocket (of) someone”)
clywed y rhaglen a ddarlledir yn fyw listen to the
programme being broadcast live
hyd y ddau ddiwrnod olaf y bu fyw until his final two days on this
earth
Gobeithiai gael adferiad hyd y ddau ddiwrnod olaf y bu fyw
He hoped to recover from his illness (“hoped to get recovery”) until the last
two days he was alive
4 dechrau byw marry and settle
down (“begin living / life”)
5 byw mewn hawddfyd live
comfortably
6 byw fel gŵr bonheddig
live the life of Riley (“live like a gentleman”)
7 (masculine noun) life
yn ’y myw <ən ə MIU> [ən ə ˡmɪʊ] = yn fy myw <ən və MIU> [ən və ˡmɪʊ] (phrase) in all my life (I've never seen such a
thing, etc)
8 byw bywyd dwbl live a double life
byw dau fywyd live a double life
(“live two lives”)
9 byw ar dda’r wlad live off
the fat of the land (“live on (the) good (of) the land”)
10 byw o olwg y byd live a
sheltered life (“live (away) from (the) sight (of) the world”)
11 y neb sy’n byw mewn ty^ gwydr gocheled luchio cerrig people who live in glass houses shouldn’t
throw stones
12 digon at eich byw enough to live on
Does ganddo ddigon at ei fyw He doesn’t have enough to live on
13 byw ar eich cetyn (south-west) live off your savings
byw ar eich celc (north-west) live off your savings
byw ar eich pentwr live off your savings
14 byw ar elusen live on
charity
byw ar gardod live on charity
byw ar y plwyf live on charity
(“live on the parish”)
15 ni fu fawr byw wedi hynny
he didn’t live long after that
16 byw yn y tywyllwch live in
the dark, live in ignorance
17 dechrau byw begin married life,
marry and settle down (“begin living”)
Nid aeth Francis a Rhianon Glyn ar draws gwlad i dreulio eu dyddiau cyntaf gyda’u
gilydd, canys nis gwyddent hwy am un man mor brydferth a hen blasdy’r Friog, ac
yno y dymunent ddechreu byw o dan y gronglwyd a garent. Plant y Gorthrwm /
1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (= Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910 t174
Francis and Rhianon Glyn didn’t go away to spend their first days with each
other because they knew of no other place as pretty as the old mansion of
Friog, and there they wished to begin married life in the house (“under the
roof”) they loved
18 byw yn ddigon hen i weld
(rhywbeth) live to see (something), live long enough to see (something)
Yr oedd Lewis Lewis yn byw yn y ffermdy yn ymyl y capel presennol, ond nis
gwyddom iddo fyw yn ddigon hen i’w weled
Lewis Lewis lived in the farmhouse next to the present chapel but we don’t know
if he lived long enough to see it
:_______________________________ .
..2 byw <BIU> [bɪʊ] (adjective)
1 alive, living
2 yn fyw o nadroedd snake
infested, seething with snakes (“alive of / with snakes”)
3 bod byw byth live forever
Bydd ei enw fyw byth his name will live for ever
4 codi o farw’n fyw come back
from the dead (“rise from dead alive”)
5 live = not yet slaughtered or not
to be slaughtered for their meat
da byw livestock (cows, sheep, pigs, horses, poultry, etc)
Comisiwn Cig a Da Byw Meat and Livestock Commission
6 bod yn dyst byw o (rywbeth) be a
first-hand witness of (something) (which happened a long time ago)
7 used as a noun = (the) living
people
y byw a’r meirw the quick and the dead
:_______________________________ .
bywiog <BIU-yog> [ˡbɪʊjɔg] (adjective)
1 lively
:_______________________________ .
byw na marw ‹biu na MAA-ru› [ˡbɪʊ na ˡmɑˑrʊ]
(North Wales)
1 no stopping
Doedd dim byw na marw There was no stopping him, He would take no
refusal (“There was no living or dying)
Doedd dim byw na marw na châi fynd He was impatient to go (“There was no
living or dying that he wouldn’t get to go)
ETYMOLOGY: “(no) living or dying” (byw = living) + (na = nor) + (marw
= dying)
:_______________________________ .
bywoliaeth <biu-OL-yaith,
-yeth> [bɪʊˡɔljaɪθ,
-jɛθ] (feminine noun)
1 living, livelihood
2 ennill eich bywoliaeth earn one's
living
:_______________________________ .
bywyd <BƏ-uid> [ˡbəʊɪd] masculine noun
PLURAL bywydau <bə-UI-dai, -de> [bəˡʊɪdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 life = condition which
distinguishes animals and plants from inorganic objects (growth through
metabolism, reproduction, adaptation to environment)
gwyddorau bywyd life sciences
2 (Christianity) eternal life, everlasting
life, the afterlife
Gair y
Bywyd The Word of Life,
the Christian message which describes correct behaviour and belief for
achieving life in heaven after death
The expression occurs twice in the Bible
Epistol Cyntaf Cyffredinol Ioan yr Apostol 1:1 Yr hyn oedd o’r dechreuad, yr hyn aglywsom, yr hyn awelsom â’n llygaid, yr hyn a edrychasom arno, ac a deimlodd ein dwylo am Air
y bywyd
John-1 1:1 That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we
have seen with our eyes, which we have looked upon, and our hands have handled,
of the Word of life;
Philipiaid 2:16 Yn cynnal gair y bywyd; er gorfoledd i mi yn nydd Crist, na redais yn ofer, ac na
chymerais boen yn ofer
Philippians 2:16 Holding forth the word of life; that I may rejoice in the day
of Christ, that I have not run in vain, neither laboured in vain.
Siop Gair y Bywyd name of a Christian bookshop yn Rhydaman
SN6212 (county of Caerfyrddin)
Pren y
Bywyd The Tree of Life,
one of two special trees in the Garden of Eden (the other was the Tree of
Knowledge of Good and Evil). Eating the fruit of the The Tree of Life would
make man immortal, and the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil
would make man know the existence of these two concepts. Adam and Eve are
instructed by God not to eat the fruit of either tree, but they disobey the
order and eat the forbidden fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil.
God expels them from Paradise in case they are tempted again and transgress by
eating the fruit of the tree of Life.
Genesis 2:9 9 A gwnaeth yr Arglwydd Dduw i bob pren dymunol i'r golwg, a
daionus yn fwyd, ac i bren y bywyd yng nghanol yr ardd, ac i bren
gwybodaeth da a drwg, dyfu allan o’r ddaear.
Genesis 2:9 And out of the ground made the LORD God to grow every tree that is
pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of
the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.
Genesis 3:22 Hefyd yr Arglwydd Dduw a ddywedodd, Wele y dyn sydd megis un
ohonom ni, i wybod da a drwg. Ac weithian, rhag iddo estyn ei law, a chymryd
hefyd o bren y bywyd, a bwyta, a byw yn dragwyddol: (23) Am hynny yr
Arglwydd Dduw a'i hanfonodd ef allan o ardd Eden, i lafurio'r ddaear, yr hon y
cymerasid ef ohoni. (24) Felly efe a yrrodd allan y dyn, ac a osododd,
o’r tu dwyrain i ardd Eden, y ceriwbiaid, a chleddyf tanllyd ysgydwedig, i gadw
ffordd pren
y bywyd
Genesis 3:22 And the Lord God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to
know good and evil: and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the
tree of life, and eat, and live for ever:(23) Therefore the Lord God sent him
forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken.
(24) So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden
Cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the
tree of life.
y bywyd sydd i ddod the life to
come, the afterlife
y bywyd arall the afterlife (“the other life”)
y bywyd tu hwnt i’r llen the afterlife (“the life beyond the veil
/ curtain”)
bywyd tragwyddol eternal life
3 life = person (in stating the number
of dead in an accident, war, etc by referring to 'lives lost', 'saved')
achub bywyd / achub bywydau life saving
Achub Bywyd Beistonna Surf Life Saving
Collwyd bywydau lawer Many lives were lost
Mae ’na fwy nag un ffordd o achub bywyd There’s more than one way of
saving a life
5 life = living things
bywyd gwyllt wildlife
bywyd llysieuol plant life
6 life = length of the existence of a
life form
ar hyd ei fywyd all his life
Daeth trobwynt mawr yn ei fywyd A major turning
point came in his life
mae bywyd y claf yn treio the patients life is ebbing away
rhod bywyd life cycle
Trueni oedd ei golli mor gynnar yn ei fywyd It was a pity to lose him so
early in his life
yn ei fywyd in his life
yn ystod ei fywyd during his life
7 life = existence, circumstances in
which one lives
am fywyd! what a life!
byw bywyd braf lead a happy life
byw bywyd i'r eithaf live life to the full
byw’ch bywyd eich hun live your
own life
bywyd ar ôl ysgol life after school, after leaving school
Bywyd Ben i Waered - Cipolwg ar fywydau rhai o'r Cymry sydd wedi ymfudo i Awstralia
Life Down Under (“head to bottom”, upside down) (= title of a TV progamme)
– a look at the lives of Welsh people who have emigrated to Australia
cael bywyd go ddiflas have a fairly unpleasant life
Dyma’r bywyd This is the life!
Dymunaf bob llwydd a bendith i chwi yn eich bywyd a'ch cartref newydd I wish you every success and blessing in your new
life and home
Dyna beth yw bywyd braf! What a
splendid life
gwella bywyd i'r henoed improve life for old people
gwneud bywyd yn rhwyddach make life
easier
gwneud eich bywyd yn boen o'r mwyaf make your life a
total pain
Mae bywyd yn hyfryd yn y fro ma Life is
pleasant in the area
mewn bywyd sifil in civilian life
Nid wy’n gofyn bywyd moethus, Aur y byd na'i berlau mân
I don’t ask for a luxurious life, gold of the world and its small pearls (hymn
– Calon Lân / “A Pure Heart”)
Roedd y tri oedd yn cyfrif yn ei bywyd – ei dau fab a’i gwr - wedi
eu cipio oddi arni o fewn ychydig fisoedd
The three people who counted in her life – her two sons and her husband – were
taken from her in the space of a few months
Tydi bywyd yn gymhleth, 'dwch Isn’t life complicate, eh? (North)
8 life = time of existence until now;
from birth until the present
ar hyd fy mywyd all my life
9 life = existence contrasted with
death
am eich bywyd = for dear life, as if one's life depended on it,
trying to save one’s life (also am eich einioes, am ei hoedl)
mater o fywyd a marwolaeth a matter of life and death
perygl bywyd danger to life,
danger of death
10 life = remaining time of
existence; time from now until death
Byddai’n berygl bywyd iddi wneud hynny She’d be putting her in danger / at risk
by doing that
aberthu eich bywyd er mwyn... (rhywbeth) sacrifice your life for (something)
am weddill eich oes for the rest of your life
ar boen eich bywyd putting your life at risk life in danger / at
risk by doing that
colli’ch bywyd lose one’s life
digon am eich bywyd putting your life at risk
Fe fyddai’n ddigon am eich bywyd grosi’r afon fel y mae hi heddiw
You’d be risking your life to cross the river as it is today / the way it is
today
Gad fy mywyd imi Spare my life
rhoi’ch bywyd dros rywun sacrifice your
life for somebody
yswiriant bywyd life assurance / insurance
11 life – graphic representation of
the visual world
bywyd llonydd still life
tebyg i fywyd true to life
12 life = activity followed with
enthusiasm, activity to which one devotes all one's effort and time,
activity which gives purpose to one's existence
Darllen oedd ei fywyd, ar hèth a hindda, a thrwy sbectol un lens...
Reading was his life, winter and summer, and through a monocle
13 life = specified part of one's
existence
bywyd rhywiol sex life
bywyd teuluol family life
14 life = biography
Bywyd Blodwen Jones the life of Blodwen Jones
Bywyd y Bugail the shepherd’s life
15 liveliness, animation, energy,
vibrancy
Bachgen llawn bywyd oedd Siôn Siôn was a boy full of life
Roedd yna gryn dipyn mwy o fywyd yn y rhaglenni newydd yn y gyfres
There was a lot more life in the new programmes in the series
16 bywyd newydd new life, reinvigoration
Bywyd newydd i'r hen iaith a new life for the native language
dechrau bywyd newydd start a new life
17 life = social activity
bywyd nos night life
bywyd cymdeithasol social life
18 life = way of life, characteristic
manner in which a people go about their activities
Mi 'roedd bywyd yr ysgol yn sobor o ddof a diniwad o'i
gymharu â bywyd yr hogia' ar y ffermydd o gwmpas. Hwnnw oedd y bywyd i mi (t11 'R wy'n Cofio / Yr Hen Was / 1963)
School life was extremely tame and innocent compared to the life of the ads on
the farms around. That was the life for me.
Nod yr amgueddfa werin yw cyflwyno bywyd a diwylliant gwerin Cymru dros y canrifoedd
The aim of the folk museum is to present the life and culture of the commonfolk
of Wales over the centuries
19 way of life = culture and
traditions of a people
Ni fu Seisnigaeth erioed yn fwy peryglus i brydferthwch a gwerth y bywyd Cymreig nag ydyw heddiw. (Gwr y
Dolau neu Ffordd y Troseddwr / W Llewelyn Williams 1899 t3)
Englishness was never more of a danger to the splendour and value of Welsh life
than it is today
20 form of existence, routine,
customs, of a people in a certain environment
bywyd academaidd academic life, the life of a university student or
teacher
21 deddf parhâd bywyd law of
self-preservation (“law (of) continuance (of) life”)
22 llyfr y bywyd the book of
life, a list of all those chosen for Heaven
Philipiaid 4:3 Ac yr ydwyf yn dymuno arnat tithau, fy ngwir gymar, cymorth y
gwragedd hynny y rhai yn yr efengyl a gydlafuriasant à mi, ynghyd â Chlement
hefyd, a'm cyd-weithwyr eraill, y rhai y mae eu henwau yn llyfr y bywyd.
Philippians 4:3 And I entreat thee also, true yokefellow, help those women
which laboured with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and with other my
fellowlabourers, whose names are in the book of life.
23 perygl bywyd danger to life
and limb a menace, source of danger (“danger (of) life”)
Mae dilyn llwybr cyhoeddus yn un rhan o Gymru yn beryg bywyd
ar ôl i ffordd osgoi newydd gael ei hagor. Mae pedwar llwybr
cyhoeddus yn croesi ffordd osgoi newydd Y Felinheli yng Ngwynedd
Following a public footpath in one part of Wales is a danger to life and limb
after a new bypass was opened . Four public footpaths cross the new the bypass
in Felinheli in Gwynedd (Cymro 08 Mehefin 1994)
23 tebyg i fywyd go iawn true to life, life-like (“similar to real life”)
24 rhoi’ch bywyd ar antur put
your life at risk
25 ar draul ei fywyd at the
cost of his life
ar gost ei fywyd at the cost of his life
26 byw bywyd dwbl live a double life
byw dau fywyd live a double life
(“live two lives”)
27 colli’ch bywyd lose your
life
28 gwneud eich bywyd yn uffern i chi
make your life hell (“make your life a hell to you”)
30 marw yn gynnar ar ei fywyd die young, die
early in life
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *biwot-
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