kimkat1038e A Welsh to English Dictionary in scroll-down format. Geiriadur Cymraeg a Saesneg ar fformat sgrolio-i-lawr.

16-09-2020

● kimkat0001 Yr Hafan / Home Page www.kimkat.org
● ● kimkat2001k Y Fynedfa Gymraeg / Welsh-language Gateway www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwefan/gwefan_arweinlen_2001k.htm
● ● ● kimkat1798k Geiriaduron a Geirfaon / Dictionaries and Vocabularies www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriaduron_yn_ol_y_seiliaith_1798k.htm
● ● ● ● kimkat1818e Cyfeirddalen y geiriadur hwn / Index to the online dictionary http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_mynegai_1818e.htm

● ● ● ● ● kimkat1038e This page / Y tudalen hwn

(delwedd 0003)

Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia El Web de Gal·les i Catalunya The Wales-Catalonia Website Y Gwe-eiriadur An Internet dictionary of Welsh for speakers of English H Y Llyfr Ymwelwyr / El Llibre de Visitants / The Guestbook: http://pub5.bravenet.com/guestbook/391211408/ Beth sy’n newydd?

(delwedd 4666)

...

...

A	AR	B	BR	C	CE	CI
CR	CY	D	DI	E	F	G
GW	GWI	H	I, J, K	L	M	MI
N	O	P	PL, Q	R	S	T
TR	U, V	W, X	Y, Z

H, h ‹aich› feminine noun
1 ) eighth letter of the twenty-six letter Roman alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 d 5 e, 6 f, 7 g, 8 h, 9 i, 10 j, 11 k, 12 l, 13 m, 14 n, 15 o, 16 p, 17 q, 18 r, 19 s, 20 t, 21 u, 22 v, 23 w, 24 x, 25 y, 26 z
2) twelfth letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y

:_______________________________.

h LOSS OF “H”:

This occurs at the beginning of the final syllable in derived words (1) or compound words (2)

(1) derived: for example, in English, unwell derives from well
(2) compounded: in English, rail and way are compounded to form railway

Because of other changes (reduction of a diphthong in an independent word to a simple vowel) the original element with ‘h’ may sometimes be unrecognisable

anodd (= difficult) < anawdd < án-hawdd.
This is an- (= negative prefix) + hawdd (= easy)
________________________________

The letter h devoices a preceding b, d, g.
This is especially noticeable in adjectives to which the superlative suffix -haf is added, or verbs formed from adjectives by adding the suffix -hau, and -hâd for forming nouns

(B + H) > P gwlyb = wet > gwlýb-haf > gwlypaf = wettest;

(D + H) > T caled = hard > caléd-haf > caletaf = hardest

(G + H) > C teg = fair > tég-haf > tecaf = fairest

hael: (iudd, obsolete word = lord) + (hael = generous)
*Ithael < *Uthael < *Iúdd-hael > *Iúthael > *Uthael > *Ithael > Ithel <II-thel› (= man’s name)

haf: (gorffen = end) + (haf = summer)
Gorffennaf (= July; literally “ (the month) (of) summer’s end”) < Gorffénn-haf

-haf: (rhad = cheap) + (-haf = superlative ending)
rhataf (= (the) cheapest) < rhád-haf

..........(lled = wider, broader) + (-haf = superlative ending)
..........lletaf (widest, broadest) < lléd-haf

..........(teg = fair, beautiful) + (-haf = superlative ending)
..........tecaf (= (the) fairest) < tég-haf

haid: asgell (= wing) + haid (= swarm)
asgellaid (obsolete, word found in the Welsh Laws = swarm of bees on the wing) < asgéll-haid

harn: llwy (= spoon) + harn (= southern form of haearn = iron))
llwyarn (South Wales) (= trowel) < llwy-harn

háu: (teg = fair, beautiful) + (-hau = verbnoun ending)
tecáu (= make fairer, become fairer) < teg-háu

haul: ar- (prefix = in front of) + haul (= sun)
araul (= sunny; sunny spot) < ár-haul

hawdd: an- (= negative prefix) + hawdd (= easy)
annodd (= difficult) < anawdd < án-hawdd

hesg: môr (= sea) + hesg (= sedge)

moresg < mór-hesg (= sea sedge)

hir: corn (= horn) + hir (= long)
cornir (= longhorned) < córn-hir

hil: eb (= horse, an obsolete word) + hil (progeny, lineage, race)
epil (= (animals) offspring, (humans) children; originally ‘young horses’) < éb-hil

hin: drwg (= bad) + hin (= weather)
drycin (= bad weather, storm) < drýg-hin

..........gwlyb (= wet, rainy) + hin (= weather)
..........gwlybin South Wales (colloquially libin, lipin) (= wet weather, long spell of wet weather) < gwlýb-hin

hir: gwddf (= neck) + hir (= long)
gyddfir (= longnecked) < gýddf-hir

..........gylfin (= beak) + hir (= long)
..........gylfinir (= longbeaked) < gylfín-hir

..........main (= slim) + hir (= long)
..........meinir (= maiden; literally “slim and tall (person) “; also used as a proper name Meinir) < méin-hir

..........oes (= leg) hir (= long)
..........coesir (= longleggèd) < cóes-hir

hob: hanner (= half) + (hob = pig)
hanerob (= side of bacon) < hanér-hob

hon: awr (= hour) + (hon = this)
Northern Welsh rwan (= now) < awron < áwr-hon

..........nos (= night) + (hon = this)
..........noson (= evening, night; e.g. y noson honno = that night) < nós-hon
..........y waith (= this time) + (hon = this)
..........Archaic weithian (= now) < weithan < weithon < y wéith hon

hun: cynt (= first) + (hun = sleep)
cyntun (= nap, snooze) < cýnt-hun

hwch: hesbin (= yearling lamb) + hwch (= sow)
hesbiwch, sbinwch (= young sow which has not yet produced any young) < hesbín-hwch

hyd: gŵr (= man) + hyd (= length)
gwryd (= fathom) < gwr-hyd

hyl: ar- (= intensifying prefix) + hyl (= element from the verb hel- = to hunt)
eryl (= hunt, pursuit) (obsolete word) < ar + hyl

hyn: wedi (= after) + hyn (= this)
wedyn (= afterwards)

hynt: dwfr older form of dwr (= water) + hynt (path)
dyffryn (= valley) < dýfr-hynt

..........(carr- < car = cart) + (hynt = way)
..........cerrynt (obsolete) (= path, road)
..........carr-hynt > cerr-hynt (vowel affection, a > e caused by the y in the following syllable) > cerrynt (loss of the h)

..........eb (obsolete word = horse) + hynt (path)
..........Epynt (= mountain name, literally “horse path”) < Éb-hynt

hysb: haf (= summer) + hesb (= dry, feminine form of hysb)
Hafesb (river name, ‘dry in summer’) < Háf-hesb

-ha (qv) (verbal suffix) > -a

lloffa (= to glean, to gather fallen grains) < llawf-ha
(llawf, old form of llaw = hand) + (-ha, suffix for forming verbs)

In some other words there is no recognisable element. The h is lost at the beginning of a final syllable, but it is seen in compounds when the syllable with h is a penultimate syllable

angau (= death) < angeu < angheu
angheuol (= deadly, lethal)

aros (= to wait) < arhos
arhosol (= permanent)

brenin (= king) < brenhin
brenhinol (= royal)

cymar (= partner, spouse) < cymhar
cymheiriaid (= spouses)

cynnar (= early) < cynnhar
cynharach (= earlier)

Or the h is present in the base form, where it precedes the tonic syllable, but it is lost in derivatives, where it no longer does so

ymherodr (= empire)
-ol (suffix for forming adjectives)
*ymherodrol > ymerodrol (= imperial)
:_______________________________.

h

In south-east Wales, in the traditional dialect, the h was generally absent.



(delwedd 7475)

Examples:
(1) The street name Cwm-yr-wch (appearing as “Cwm yr Wch”) in Dynfant, Abertawe, might possibly be for Cwm yr Hwch “(the) valley (of) the sow / the pig.
(2) heol (= street) is hewl / ’ewl
(3) haul (= sun) is houl / ’oul
(4) hir (= long) is hir / ’ir
(5) hefyd (= also, too) is hefyd / ’efyd, ’èd
etc.
:_______________________________.

h
1 There are examples in Welsh of an inorganic initial h (that is, an h which was not originally part of the word but has appeared later in its history)

.....(1) cyhoedd (= public) (cý|oedd > cý|hoedd)

.....(2) efo (North Wales, = with) > hefo

.....(3) erwydd (word from British, with elements equivalent to ar = before, gwydd- = to see) > o erwydd > o herwydd (= because)

.....(4) eusor > heusor (obsolete) (= shepherd)

.....(5) hardd is probably in origin a form of ardd (= high)

.....(6) ogi > hogi to grind (a knife), to sharpen (a knife)

.....(7) ugain: in the numerals 21-29 ar ugain > ar hugain
Example: tri ar hugain 23 (“three on twenty”)

.....(8) un (= one) > hun (= oneself)

.....(9) unan (= one, + diminutive suffix -an) > hunan (= oneself)

.....(10) uwdffon > wtffon > hwtffon (“porridge stick”) porridge spoon, one for stirring porridge

:_______________________________.

h
1 Some words with initial h- are from British words with initial s- ( < Celtic < Indo-European)

This initial s- is to be seen in cognate words in certain other languages or preserved in words taken into English before the change s > h had taken place in early Welsh

..a/ Hafren (= river name, < Sabrîn-â). The ‘s’ survives in the English name “Severn”)

..b/ halen (= salt) and heli (salt water, brine) correspond to Latin sal (= salt), and in Germanic languages: English salt, German Salz. The Greek word had initial h- (hals = salt, as in halogen, halophyte)

..c/ haul (= sun) (cf Latin sol- = sun, and hence English “solar” ). The Greek word had initial h- helios (= sun)

..d/ hwch (= sow) < British sukk-, and in the Germanic languages – English sow, German die Sau (= sow).
(English hog is apparently from Old Welsh, which would explain the initial h-)

A similar change of s > h is to be seen in present-day southern Castilian (Andalucia): los viejos amigos (the old friends) “loh viejoh amigoh”

-h
1 (not present in the modern transcription of Biblical names in the Welsh Bible, though present in English, and in earlier spelling in the Welsh Bible)

In order to indicate certain vowels in Hebrew, sometimes the consonant h (and also y and w) is used. In the case of h (which is not pronounced), the following combinations occur: ah, eh, oh

In modern practice, final h (ה), unless vocalized, is omitted in transliteration

Welsh

English

Dina
Hanna
Jwda
Lea
Manasse
Manoa Micha
Noa
Peninna
Pharo
Potiphera
Rebeca
Sara
Sora

Dinah
Hannah
Judah
Leah
Manasseh
Manoah
Micah
Noah
Peninnah
Pharaoh
Potipherah
Rebekah
Sarah
Sorah

In older Welsh editions of the Bible the -h is used, as in English:

Y Bibl Cyssegr-lan... Argraphedig... tros y Bibl Gymdeithas Frytanaidd a Thramor... (The Holy Bible... Printed... on behalf of the British and Foreign Bible Society...) M.DCCCLXVII (1857)

Dina: A Dinah merch Leah (Genesis 34:1)

Hanna: A dwy wraig oedd iddo; enw y naill oedd Hannah, ac enw y llall Peninnah (1 Samuel 1:2)

Lea: A Dinah merch Leah (Genesis 34:1)

Manoa: Aì enw ef oedd Manoah (Barnwyr / Judges 13:2)

Manasse: A Joseph a alwodd enw ei gyntaf-anedig, Manasseh

Pennina: A dwy wraig oedd iddo; enw y naill oedd Hannah, ac enw y llall Peninnah (1 Samuel 1:2)

Sora: Ac yr oedd rhyw wr yn Sorah (Barnwyr / Judges 13:2)

:_______________________________.

h in derived forms

In some words an “h” has been lost, but reemerges in derived forms (especially plural forms and conjugated verbs)

aros (“arhos”) (= to wait, to stop), arhosais (= I waited), arhosol (= permanent), arhosfan (= stopping place)

brenin (“brennhin”) (= king), brenhinoedd (= kings), brenhines (= queen), brenhinol (= royal)

cynnal (“cynnhal”) (= to support), cynhaliaeth (= sustenance)

cynnwrf (“cynnhwrf”) (= agitation), cynhyrfu (= agitate)

tymor (“tymhor”) (= season), tymhorau (= seasons), tymhorol (= seasonal)

:_______________________________.

-ha

1 verb suffix, especially in verbs with the sense of ‘seeking’ or ‘gathering’ (something), the suffix being added to the noun which is the material being sought or gathered

After the consonants g,b,d,f, the h devoices the consonant

B-HA > PA

D-HA > TA

blawd (= flour)
blota (= to beg for flour) < blawta < bláwd-ha

cardod (= charity, alms)
cardota (= to beg for alms) < cardód-ha

eisteddfod (= festival of Welsh culture)
eisteddfota (= to visit eisteddfods) < eisteddfód-ha

malwod (= snails)
malwota (= to go looking for snails, to gather snails) < malwód-ha

pysgod (= fish)
pysgota (= to fish) < pysgód-ha

ŷd (= corn)
yta (= to beg for corn) < ýd-ha

F-HA > FFA

(llawf, old form of llaw = hand) + (-ha, suffix for forming verbs)
lloffa (= to glean, to gather fallen grains) < llawf-ha

G-HA > CA

cig (= meat)
cica (= to beg for meat) < cíg-ha

gwraig (= wife)
gwreica (= to seek a wife) < cardód-ha

After other consonants and after vowels as the h is lost and leaves no trace, and so it is as if the suffix is -a

adar (= birds)
adara (= to hunt birds) < adár-ha

cnau (= nuts)
cneua (= to go looking for nut, to gather nuts) < cnéu-ha

gwlân (= wool)
gwlana (= to gather wool; South-east: also, to daydream) < gwlán-ha

mwyar (= blackberries)
mwyara (= to go looking for blackberries, to go blackberrying, to pick blackberries) < mwyar-ha

mynwent (= graveyard, cemetery)
mynwenta (= to go looking for graveyards, to look around graveyards) < mynwént-ha

siop (= shop)
siopa (= to go shopping) < sióp-ha
:_______________________________.

ha-
1 there is aspiration of an initial vowel certain possessive determiners
’m (= my), ei (= her), ein (= our), eu (= their),
In this dictionary we mark this aspiration as h
â’m harian with my money, arian money
ei hanrhegion her presents, anrheg present
ein hallweddi our keys allwedd key
eu hanifeiliaid their animals, anifail animal

:_______________________________.

ha ‹ha›
1 obsolete exclamation - calling attention

Sant Ioan 8:10 A’r Iesu wedi ymunioni, ac heb weled neb ond y wraig, a ddywedodd wrthi, Ha wraig, pa le y mae dy gyhuddwyr di?
When Jesus had lifted up himself, and saw none but the woman, he said unto her. Woman, where are those thine accusers?

:_______________________________.

ha ‹haa› masculine noun
North Wales
1 summer See: haf

NOTE: in North Wales the loss of final ‹v› in monosyllables is common –
(1) gof (= blacksmith) > go,
(2) cryf (= strong) > cry,
(3) pryf (= animal, insect) > pry
etc
:_______________________________.

haan ‹haan›
1 southern form of haen (= stratum, layer)
Usually spelt hân / ha’n
See aa

:_______________________________.

hään ‹ hään ›
1 south-eastern form of haen (= stratum, layer)
Usually spelt hên / hæn
See aa / haan

:_______________________________.

haca ‹HA-ka› [ˡhaka]
PLURAL hacas ‹HA-kas› [ˡhakaz, ˡhakas] feminine noun
1 haka = Maori war-dance
2 haka = kind of war-dance by New Zealand rugby players before a match

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English < Maori

:_______________________________.

hacsen ‹HAK-sen› [ˈhaksɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL hacs ‹HAKS› [haks]
1 (county of Ceredigion) whore

ETYMOLOGY: (hacs = prostitutes) < English hackes (= prostitutes); addition of the feminine singulative suffix -en

:_______________________________.

had, or hadau <HAAD, HAA-dai, -e> [hɑːd, ˡhɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (m.pl.)
1 seeds; see hedyn

:_______________________________.

had adar <haad AA-dar> [hɑːd ˡɑˑdar] (masculine noun)
1 birdseed

:_______________________________.

haddef <HAA-dhev> [ˡhɑˑðɛv] masculine noun
1 (obsolete) home, abode, dwelling

2 Haddef house name in Ffordd Llanberis, Caernarfon (county of Gwynedd) (in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)

ETYMOLOGY: A variant of addef (= abode, dwelling, home.)

The initial h could be

EITHER a/ from the use of the word in a phrase such as “yn ei haddef” (“in her home”),

OR b/ an initial h which has occurred before an accented first syllable in certain words (hun, hunan = self; un ar hugain “one on twenty”);

OR c/ from the intensifying prefix hy- (hy-addef > h’addef)

Modern Irish has adhbha (= dwelling, abode; a literary word). There is also an Old Irish form which would have given *soadhbha in modern Irish had it survived, with initial so- corresponding to Welsh hy-, and so equivalent to Welsh hy-addef

:_______________________________.

hadlif <HAD-liv> [ˡhadlɪv] masculine noun
1 gonorrhea, clap

ETYMOLOGY: (had = seed, semen) + soft mutation + (llif = flux, flow)

:_______________________________.

hadlifol <had-LII-vol> [hadˡliˑvɔl] adjective
1 gonorrheal

ETYMOLOGY: (hadlif = gonorrea) + (-ol suffix)

:_______________________________.

hadu <HAA-di> [ˡhɑˑdɪ] verb
1 (verb with no object) go to seed, run to seed

2 (verb with no object) to seed, to sow = plant seeds

ETYMOLOGY: (had = seeds) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)
The corresponding Cornish form is hasa (= run to seed; to sow), and in Breton hada (= to seed, to sow)

:_______________________________.

hadyd <HAA-did> [ˡhɑˑdɪd] masculine noun
North Wales
1 seedcorn, cereal grains for planting (wheat, barley, oats)
2 hadyd tatws = seed potatoes

ETYMOLOGY: (had = seeds) + (yd = cereal)

:_______________________________.

hadysol <had-Ə-sol> [hadˡəsɔl] adjective
1 seed-eating

ETYMOLOGY: (had = seeds) + (-ysol = -eating);
(ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

hadysor <had-Ə-sor> [hadˡəsɔr] masculine noun
PLURAL hadysorion <had-ə-SOR-yon> [hadəˡsɔrjɔn]
1 seed-eating bird

ETYMOLOGY: (had = seeds) + (-ysor = -eater, animal which eats); (ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-or suffix for indicating a an agent; from Latin -ârius, in words taken from Latin (canghellor (= chancellor) < cancellârius; afterwards used as a suffix with native words – telynor = harpist)

:_______________________________.

haeddu <HEI-dhi > [ˡhəɪðɪ] (berf)
1 deserve

a wnêl ddaioni a haedda ddaioni (saying) whoever does good deserves good

haedda'r falwen gyrraedd pen y daith hard work deserves success (‘the snail deserves to reach the destination / (the) end (of) the journey’)

:_______________________________.

haeddiant <HEIDH-yant> [ˡhəɪðjant] masculine noun
PLURAL haeddiannau ‹hei-dhi-A-ne› [həɪðɪˡanaɪ, -ɛ]

1 deserts, what one deserves, fitting punishment, comeuppance, just deserts, just retribution
cael eich haeddiant = get what one deserves, get one’s come-uppance, get what’s coming to you

2 due, what is deserved, recognition
rhoi ei ddyledus barch a haeddiant iddo give him the respect and recognition due to him

:_______________________________.

haearn <HEI-arn> [ˡhəɪarn] (masculine noun)
1 iron

bara wedi ei grasu ar radell haearn bread baked on a gridiron

2 hen heyrn scrap metal (“old irons”)
prynwr hen heyrn scrap merchant

3 haearnwerthwr ironmonger, hardware shop owner (“iron seller”)

4 ceffyl haearn “iron horse” (ceffyl = horse) + (haearn = iron)
..a/ (obsolete) (poetic) car
..b/ (obsolete) bicycle
..c/ (obsolete) train
..d/ andiron, fire dog

:_______________________________.

haearnaidd <hei-ARN-aidh, -edh> [həɪˡarnaɪð, -ɛð] (adjective)
1 iron

2 bod ewyllys haearnaidd gan (rywun) have an iron will

3 anhaearnaidd non-ferrous
(an- = negative prefix) + (haearnaidd = ferrous)

metel anhaearnaidd non-ferrous metal

:_______________________________.

haearnfaen ‹hei- arn -vain› masculine noun
PLURAL haearnfeini ‹hei-arn-vei-ni›
1 ironstone = a stone containing iron ore

ETYMOLOGY: (haearn = iron) + soft mutation + (maen = stone)

:_______________________________.

haearnwerthwr, haearnwerthwyr ‹hei arn WER thur, hei arn WERTH wir› (masculine noun)
1 ironmonger, hardware shop owner

:_______________________________.

hael ‹HAIL› (adjective)
1 generous
hael hyd at fai generous to a fault, excessively generous

:_______________________________.

haelioni ‹hei li O ni› (masculine noun)
1 generosity

:_______________________________.

haelionus ‹hei li O nis› (adjective)
1 charitable

:_______________________________.

haenellu ‹hei- nê -lhi› verb
1 to plate (metal)

ETYMOLOGY: (haenell = coating of metal) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

haeru ‹HEI ri› (verb)
1 claim
2 haeru cyn profi to beg the question, to beggar the question = assume that something not yet put to the test is already proved (“claim before proving”)

:_______________________________.

haf, hafau ‹HAAV, HA ve› (masculine noun)
1 summer

2 heulsaf yr haf summer solstice

3 Cae-haf < cae’r haf = (“(the) field (of) the summer”, summertime field)
Street name in Pentrecátheral (county of Y Fflint)

4 ysgol haf summer school, summer conference

:_______________________________.

Haf ‹HAAV› (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name (= summer)

:_______________________________.

hafal ‹HAA-val› adj
1 like, similar; equal

hafal i similar to, equal to

Does unman yng Nghymru hafal i Bowys am fagu arweinwyr Cristnogol
There is nowhere in Wales equal to Powys for producuing (“nurturing”) religious leaders

2 (m) like, similarity, equal
ei hafal its equal, its like
gwerin ddiwylliedig y ddeunawfed ganrif, na fyddai mo’i hafal eto the cultured common people of the nineteenth century, whose like will never again be seen

3 y symbol ‘hafal’ the ‘equal’ sign
Robert Recorde (1510–1558), y Cymro o Ddinbych y Pysgod a ddyfeisiodd y symbol ‘hafal’
Robert Recorde (1510–1558),, the Welshman from Dinbych y Pysgod / tenby who invented the ‘equal’ sign

4 Cynhafal (saint’s name) “like a chief” (cyn- = chief, hafal = similar)

5 efelychu (= imitate) < hefelychu < (hafal = like) + (-ychu verb suffix). The y of the suffix causes the preceding back vowels, both a, to be be fronted to e (vowel affection)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British > Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish HAVAL (= like), Breton HEÑVEL (= like)
Irish samhail (= likeness, resemblance)

:_______________________________.

hafan ‹haa -van› feminine noun
PLURAL hafnau, hafnoedd ‹hav -ne, -nodh›
1 port

Glanhafan street name in Solfach (Sir Benfro)

< glan yr hafan “(the) side (of) the port”

2 refuge, safe haven

bod yn hafan i be a haven for
Roedd Lloegr yn hafan i ffoaduriaid y pryd hynny England was a haven for refugees
England was a haven for refugees

3 hafan rhàg trethi tax haven

ETYMOLOGY: variant of hafn – made bisyllabic with the addition of an echo vowel in the final consonant cluster hafn > hafan,

cf dafn (= drop, raindrop) > (colloquially) dafan
ofn (= fear) > (colloquially) ofon
cefn (= back) > (colloquially) cefen

:_______________________________.

Hafan ‹haa -van›
1 house name = haven, safe haven
2 street name
..a/ Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
..b/ Maesyfelin (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

:_______________________________.

Hafan-deg ‹HAA-van DEEG› ñ [ˡhaˑvan ˡdeː g]
1 house name
..a/ Maes-hafn (county of Dinbych / Denbigh) (spelt as “Hafan Deg”)

2 street name
..a/ Abercynffig (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr / Bridgend) (spelt as “Hafan Deg”)
..b/ Aber-dâr (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (spelt as “Hafan Deg”)
..c/ Blaendulais (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (spelt as “Hafan Deg”)
..d/ Coed-poeth (county of Wrecsam) (spelt as “Hafan Deg”)
..e/ Llanarthnau, Carmarthen (county of Caerfyrddin) (spelt as “Hafan Deg”)
..f/ Llanfair Caereinion (county of Powys) (spelt as “Hafan Deg” on the street sign (Google Maps, 22-03-2017)
..g Llan-sain-siôr (county of Conwy) (spelt as “Hafan Deg”)
..h/ Maes-teg (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (spelt as “Hafan Deg”)
..i/ Pen-coed (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (spelt as “Hafan Deg”)
..j/ Tanygrisiau (county of Gwynedd) (spelt as “Hafan Deg”)
..k/ Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint) (spelt as “Hafan Deg”)
..l/ Treuddyn, Yr Wyddgrug (county of Y Fflint) (spelt as “Hafan Deg”)
..m/ Y Trallwng / Welshpool (Powys) (spelt as “Hafan Deg”)
..n/ Yr Wyddgrug (county of Y Fflint) (spelt as “Hafan Deg”)

ETYMOLOGY: “fair haven” (hafan = haven) + soft mutation + (teg = fair)

:_______________________________.

Hafanfa ‹ ha-VAN-va› [haˡvanva] feminine noun
1 (house name) haven

ETYMOLOGY: (“haven-place”) (hafan = haven) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)

:_______________________________.

Hafannedd ‹hav-A-nedh› [haˡvanɛð] feminine noun
1 house name: “summer home”

ETYMOLOGY: (haf = summer) + (annedd = dwelling)

:_______________________________.

haf bach Mihangel ‹haav baakh mi HA ngel› (masculine noun)
1 Indian summer (‘the little summer of Saint Michael’) (Around Michaelmas on 29 September)

:_______________________________.

hafdref ‹ hav-dre› [ˡhavdrɛv] masculine noun

1 summer farm

Hafdre Place near Bronhelem, a farm 11 miles from Tregaron and 11 miles from Abergwesyn. Described as a “winter shelter for sheep” in an online forum (03 April 07)

Craig yr Hafdre on the western side of the river Tywi, above Llyn Brianne, and west of the summit of Cefn Coch and Abergwesyn (“crag of Yr Hafdre”)

ynysawdre (ynys Hafdre) “(the) meadow (of the place called) Hafdre” is now Ynysawdre (colloquially Y Snawdra) in the county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr. The meadow is the squarish piece of land east of the Llynfi river where it joins the Ogwr river. The eastern boundary of this area is a street called Terfyn Ynysawdre (“(the) boundary (of) Ynysawdre”)

Hafdre name of a house in at the southern end of the square in Tregaron, next to Gwesty’r Talbot

ETYMOLOGY: (haf = summer) + soft mutation + (tref = trêv, farm)

:_______________________________.

hafdy ‹ hav-di› [ˡhavdɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL hafdai ‹ HAV-dai› [ˡhavdai]
1 summerhouse = building in a park for shade and rest

2 (native laws) summer residence in uplands
Heol Hafdy street name in Llansamlet (county of Abertawe)

3 (Bible) summer house
Amos 3:15 A mi a drawaf y gaeafdy a'r hafdy; a derfydd am y tai ifori, a bydd diben ar y teiau mawrion, medd yr ARGLWYDD.
Amos 3:15 And I will smite the winter house with the summer house; and the houses of ivory shall perish, and the great houses shall have an end, saith the LORD.

ETYMOLOGY: (haf = summer) + soft mutation + (tŷ = house)

:_______________________________.

Hafesb ‹HAA-vesp› [ˡhaˑvɛsp] feminine noun
1 (in the county of Powys)

...(a) Afon Hafesb = SJ1109 stream in Maldwyn (Powys).
See also Aberhafesb SH0792

...(b) Bedo Hafesb (fl. 1567-85) poet from Maldwyn (Powys).

2 (in the county of Gwynedd)
...(a) Bro Hafesb street name in Llandderfel (“district of the Hafesb stream”)
...(b) Dewi Havhesp bardic name of an englyn poet (David Roberts, 1831-1884) of Llanfor, Y Bala, who took his name from this stream near his home.

Comparison of the spelling Havhesp with the standard form Hafesb

..a/ the name has been respelt according to its etymology (it is a combination of “haf + hesb”, “summer + dry”). In such compounds the h is lost in the standard language. See the entry for h

..b/ there is an erronious ‘p’ (a spelling in use in the 1800s) instead of ‘b’,

..c/ “v” is used instead of “f”. This was a spelling reform advocated in the 1800s and adopted by some writers of the period.

...(c) Nant Hafesb SH9337 = stream in the county of Gwynedd (district of Meirionnydd)

ETYMOLOGY: “dry in summer”, winterbourne;
Welsh Hafesb, feminine form of hafysb < haf-hysb “dry in summer’,
(haf = summer) + (hysb = dry)

:_______________________________.

Hafnant ‹HAV-nant› [ˡhavnant]
1 (SH8046) stream in Aberconwy (county of Conwy)
2 street name in Winsh-wen, Abertawe (county of Abertawe)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘summer stream’ (haf = summer) + (nant = stream)

:_______________________________.

hafod, hafodydd [ˡhaˑvɔd, haˡvoˑdɪð] ‹HA vod, ha VO didh› (feminine noun)
1 summer pasture; summer dwelling at this place (in the uplands for the grazing of cattle between May and October). Sometimes it refers to lowland pasture which is unusable in the winter because it is flooded.

2 dairy

The English translation of the folk tune Hafod y Wraig Lawen listed in “The Cambrian Quarterly Magazine and Celtic Repertory” (1830) is given as “The Merry Dame’s Dairy”.

ETYMOLOGY: ‘summer place’ (haf = summer) + soft mutation + (bod = house)
:_______________________________.

Hafod-decaf ‹hâ-vod de-ka(v) ›
1 Street name (“Hafod Decaf”) in Y Pil (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

Originally the name of a summer farm (“Hafod-deca”, without the final ‹v›)
(See”HAFOD and HAFOTY in Welsh Place-names” / Melville Richards)

ETYMOLOGY: As the name stands, it is “yr hafod decaf” (“(the) fairest summer-farm”)

(yr definite article) + (hafod = summer farm) + soft mutation + (tecaf = prettiest, fairest; superlative form of teg = pretty, fair)

But this is the final stage of a strange transformation over the centuries, since the original form was Hafodwgan “hafod Wgan” (“(the) summer-farm (of) Gwgan”)
(hafod = summer farm) + soft mutation + (Gwgan man’s name)

..1/ Hafodwgan > *Hafodwga (unusual loss of final ‹n›)
Loss of a final n occurs in at least one other Welsh word: cyfan (whole part, totality) > cyfa

..2/ *Hafodwga > Hafodyga (alteration of tonic vowel to the obscure vowel ‹u› > ‹y›)

..3/ Hafodyga > *Hafodyca (in the south-east, ‹g› at the beginning of a final syllable devoices to ‹k›). It occurs in many words in south-eastern Welsh.

..4/ *Hafodyca > Hafod-deca The meaningless element dyca was adjusted to give deca (= fairest)

..5/ Hafod-deca > Hafod-decaf (the literary form of the superlative has final ‹v›, lost in colloquial Welsh. Here it has been ‘restored’)

:_______________________________.

Hafod-gau ‹hâ-vod gai›

1 place name

..a/ Blaenpennal SN6264 (county of Ceredigion)
..b/ Llanddeiniolen SH5466 (county of Gwynedd)
..c/ Llanenddwyn SH5723 (county of Gwynedd)
..d/ Llanfair Talhaearn SH9270 (county of Conwy)
..e/ Llanfair y Creuddyn SN6676 (county of Ceredigion)
..f/ Nantglyn SJ0062 (county of Dinbych)
..g/ Ysbyty-ystwyth SN7371 (county of Ceredigion)


(delwedd 7058)

ETYMOLOGY: Hafod-gau is possibly “empty summer farm” (There is another word cau meaning “enclosed”)

(hafod = summer place, summer farm) + soft mutation + (cau = empty, deserted, abandoned)
(See “HAFOD and HAFOTY in Welsh Place-names” / Melville Richards)

:_______________________________.

Hafodheulog ‹HAA-vod HEI-log›
1 farm in Castell-nedd ac Aberafan, west of Afon Cynffig and north of Mynyddcynffig SS8484

See Hafoteulog

:_______________________________.

Hafod-las ‹hâ-vod laas›
1 street name in Pen-coed (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (“Hafod Las”)

ETYMOLOGY: “(yr) hafod las” ‘green summer pasture’
(yr definite article) + (hafod = summer farm) + soft mutation + (glas = green [vegetation]; blue)

:_______________________________.

Hafod-lon ‹hâ-vod lon›
1 sometimes in house or street names;

..a/ street name in Rhiw-las, Bangor (county of Gwynedd) (“happy / merry summer farm”)

ETYMOLOGY: “(yr) hafod lon” ‘happy summer farm / summer pasture’
(yr definite article) + (hafod = summer farm) + soft mutation + (llon = happy)

:_______________________________.

Hafod-oer ‹hâ-vod oir ›
1 Hafod-oer (SH7615) Name of a farm in Y Brithdir south-east of Dolgellau

ETYMOLOGY: “yr hafod oer” ‘cold summer farm’
(yr definite article) + (hafod = summer farm) + (oer = cold)

(possibly it is ‘abandoned summer farm’ - in place names oer could possibly mean ‘deserted, abandoned’, as can ‘cold’ in English place names). Cf. hafod gau (“empty summer house”)

However nearby 2km to the west is (SH7824) Waun Oer (“cold moor”), suggesting that maybe the area was seen as colder than other parts

(See “HAFOD and HAFOTY in Welsh Place-names” / Melville Richards)

:_______________________________.

Hafod-wen ‹HAA-vod WEN›
1 locality in Shropshire (England)
English name: Marrington

2 locality in the district of Maldwyn (Powys)
English name: Allport

3 street name in
..a/ Tonyrefail (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
..b/ Cwm-dâr (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

ETYMOLOGY: (“white(-washed) summer farm”)
(hafod = summer farm ) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white)

:_______________________________.

Hafodwenog ‹hâ-vod- we -nog›
1 See: Hafodwynog

:_______________________________.

Hafodweunog ‹hâ-vod- wei -nog›
1 See: Hafodwynog

:_______________________________.

Hafodwnnog ‹hâ-vod- u -nog›
1 See: Hafodwynog

:_______________________________.

Hafodwnog ‹hâ-vod- u -nog›
1 See: Hafodwynog

:_______________________________.

Hafodwynog ‹hâ-vod- ui -nog›
1 Place name: “summer farm abounding in lambs”

(This element is sometimes found altered as -wenog / weunog / -wnnog / -wnog)
..a/ Abersychan (county of Torfaen)
..b/ Caeo (county of Caeryrddin)
..c/ Castell-nedd
..d/ Llandysiliogogo (county of Ceredigion)
..e/ Llan-giwg (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
..f/ Llansanffráid (SN5167) (county of Ceredigon)
..g/ Lledrod (county of Ceredigion)
..h/ Melinau (county of Penfro)
..i/ Tre-lech (county of Caerfyrddin)
..j/ Uwchygarreg “Hafodwnog” (SH7693) 9km south of Machynlleth (district of Maldwyn, in the county of Powys) (Noted in “HAFOD and HAFOTY in Welsh Place-names” / Melville Richards)

ETYMOLOGY: (hafod = upland summer farm, highland summer holding) + (wynog = abundant in lambs)

(oen = lamb; w^yn = lambs) (-og = suffix denoting ‘characterised by, abounding in’ especially after plant names.

:_______________________________.

Hafoteulog ‹HAA-vo-TEI-log›
1 farm in Castell-nedd ac Aberafan, west of Afon Cynffig and north of Mynyddcynffig SS8484

On the Ordnance Survey map as Hafodheulog

Coed Hafoteulog / Coed Hafodheulog woodland east of the farm “(the) wood (of) Hafoteulog / Hafodheulog”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/206064

ETYMOLOGY: Hafoteulog = hafod heulog “the sunny summer place”

(hafod = summer place) + (heulog = sunny)

This, though, is the present meaning of the name, but it is not the original meaning, since Hafoteulog < Hafotalog < hafod halog “muddy summer place”

(hafod = summer place) + (halog = muddy, filthy)

It seems that the name was changed to make it a more pleasant and acceptable one.

:_______________________________.

hafoty ‹ha-VO-ti› (fm)

PLURAL hafotai ‹ha-VO-tai›
1 summer place

2 Found in place names in North Wales

.............................................

Hafoty SH7969 Farm near Eglwys-bach, county of Conwy (though spelt incorrectly on the Ordnance Survey map as “Hafodty”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=332515 map

.............................................

Hafoty-boeth SJ0749 A farm near Brynsaithmarchog (County of Dinbych) (misspelt Hafotty-boeth on the Ordnance Survey map)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/360030 map

.............................................

ETYMOLOGY: “dwelling at the summer place” (hafod = summer place) + soft mutation + (ty = house, dwelling) > hafód-dy > hafoty. Where a final -d is followed by a d which is the result of a soft mutation of t, the result is (d+d > t).

NOTE: In some place names if occurs as Foty (with the loss of the first syllable, a phenomenon very much present in Welsh)

NOTE: A feminine noun, as in Hafoty-boeth above.Since tŷ is a masculine noun, one would expect the compound to be masculine too.

:_______________________________.

Hafren ‹hav-ren› feminine noun
1 (SN8388)
Hafren o Afon Hafren = river in central and south Wales flowing into England.
It rises in Pumlumon in the county of Powys and flows eastwards through Llanidloes and Y Trallwng (Welshpool) into England. It discharges into Môr Hafren (Severn Estuary). It is the longest river on the island of Britain (676km)
English name: Severn, River Severn

Stryd Hafren Name of a street in Y Trallwng / Welshpool (English name: Severn Street)

Ffordd Hafren Name of a street in Y Trallwng / Welshpool (English name: Severn Road)

Heol Hafren Name of a street in Caer-dydd / Cardiff (English name: Severn Road)

2 Môr Hafren “(the) sea (of) Hafren” estuary known at one time in English as The Severn Sea, now the Severn Estuary

3 Hafren woman’s name, twentieth century. From the river name

4 Savernake, the name of a forest at Kennet in Wiltshire in the west of England, most likely derives from a British name which would give *Hafrennog in modern Welsh.

The river Bedwyn was probably known as *Sabrenn-â by the Britons (the same as the River Severn), from which was derived *Sabrenn-âk- (that is, with the addition of the territorial suffix -âk-), meaning ‘the district of the river *Sabrenn-â

5 Pont Hafren the Severn Bridge (= Pont Grog Hafren)

Pont Grog Hafren The Severn suspension bridge, from Aust (England) to Rogiet (Wales) opened in 1966

Ail Bont Hafren the second Severn Bridge, a cable-stayed bridge and viaduct opened in 1996. It is in fact four structures one after the other –

Traphont Awstin / Aust Viaduct,

Pont Hafren / Severn Bridge,

Traphont Beachley / Beachley Viaduct (all in England) and

Pont Gŵy / Wye Bridge (which crosses the border).

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *sabrenn-â < Celtic *sabrinn-â.

The old name of “Abhainn na Laoi” (English: River Lee) in Corcaigh (Cork), Ireland, was Sabhrann

:_______________________________.

hafryn ‹ha- -vrin› masculine noun
1 “summer hill”

2 There is a street called Ffordd Hafryn in Baecolwyn (county of Conwy)

3 There is a street called Brohafryn in Corwen (county of Dinbych) (bro = district)
“district of Hafryn, or of the summer hill”

ETYMOLOGY: hafryn < háf-fryn (haf = summer) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill)

:_______________________________.

Hafwen ‹HAV wen› (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name

ETYMOLOGY: `summer’ – (haf = summer) + (suffix –wen for forming female names)

:_______________________________.

hagr ‹HA gar› (adjective)
1 ugly

2 Llawer hagr hygar fydd Beauty is only skin deep
(“Many (an) ugly (one) (it-is) amiable that-is”)
(hy- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (car- < caru = to love)

:_______________________________.

haid, heidiau ‹HAID, HEID ye› (feminine noun)
1 flock, herd; swarm

2 haid o blant ‹haid o BLANT› crowd of kids

3 heidio ‹HEID yo› (verb) to swarm

4 dod yn un haid come in a large group

5 heitgar gregarious, fond of company
1900+; heitgar < héid-gar (haid = flock, crowd) + (-gar suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

haidd ‹HAIDH› (plural of heiddyn)
1 barley

Hafod-yr-haidd SJ2138 farm in Llansanffráid Glyn Ceiriog “(the) summer place (of) the barley”

:_______________________________.

hala ‹HA-la› verb
1 (South) to send

2 (South) hala rhwng pobl stir up trouble between people (“send between people”)
Cf (North) gyrru rhwng pobl stir up trouble between people (“drive / send between people”)

:_______________________________.

halen ‹HAA len› (masculine noun)
1 salt

2 bod fel penwaig mewn halen
(Cyfoeth o Sir Gâr = “wealth from the county of Caerfyrddin” / H. Meurig Evans / Llafar Gwlad 55, Gwanwyn 1997)
be packed like sardines in a tin (of many people in a confined space) (“be like herring in salt”)

Compare the Catalan expression “estar estrets com arengades” “be confined like herrings”

3 Sayings:
Gorau un enllyn, halen The very best companage is salt

:_______________________________.

halio ‹HA lio› (verb)
1 tow
halio ymáith tow away

Mae’r frigâd dân wedi halio ei gar ymáith
The fire brigade has towed away his car

rhaff halio towrope

2 to masturbate

:_______________________________.

hallt ‹HALHT› (adjective)
Plural: heilltion
1 salted, salty

2 (water) salty, brackish, saline = containing salt
Mae’n well gan y psygodyn hwn ddŵr hallt y môr na dŵr croyw nant ac afon
This fish prefers the salt water of the sea to the fresh water of a stream and a river

Daeth dagrau heilltion i lawr ei gruddiau
Salty tears rolled down (“came down”) her cheeks

2 pickled in brine
cabej hallt pickled cabbage

3 preserved in salt
ysgadenyn hallt, pennog hallt, penogyn hallt salt cod
cig hallt salted meat

4 (figurative) sharp, severe, grave, grievous, pungent, bitter, vitriolic

cwyno yn hallt complain bitterly
Bu’n cwyno’n hallt iddo gael cam He complained bitterly that he had been wronged

Mae’n hallt gan fy nghalon ddweud fod...
It grieves me to say that (“it’s bitter with my heart saying...)

Watcyn Fardd (John Jones, Hendy, Llanerfyl) won a three-pound prize in the Llangollen Eisteddfod of 1858 in an englyn which was an epitaph to Prince Llywelyn. The last two lines are
Marw yn Muallt, hallt fu hyn — Cymru a'i phlant
Hwy oll a wylant am eu Llywelyn.
Dying in (the territory called) Buallt, this was grievous – Wales and her children
They all weep for their Llywelyn

dadl hallt a fierce debate

ei dweud-hi yn hallt am rywun severely criticise somebody
ei rhoi-hi i rywun yn eitha hallt am wneud rhywbeth reprove / rebuke / scold somebody severely for doing something

cosbi rhywun yn hallt (am wneud rhywbeth) severely punish somebody for doing something

5 (of excessive price)
codi yn hallt am charge an exhorbitant price for
talu yn hallt am pay through the nose for, pay a fortune for; pay dearly for

6 COMPARISONS:
mor hallt â'r heli very salty ‘as salty as brine’
cyn hallted â heli cig moch very salty ‘as salty as (the) brine (for salting) pork’

:_______________________________.

halog ‹HAA-log› adjective
1 polluted, contaminated, defiled, corrupt

Er nad yw dy wehelyth yn byw mewn halog fyd
(Twynog: Cyfrol Goffa y diweddar T. Twynog Jeffreys, Rhymni. Dan Olygiaeth Dyfed. 1912 / tudalen 49)
Although your kindred do not live in a corrupt world

2 miry, muddy

3 place names
(1) Beilihalog (in semi-Englished spelling as “Bailyhalog”, name of a Congregationalist chapel in Gwenddwr, county of Powys) (“(the) muddy farmyard”)

(2) Plwca Halog (“(the) muddy plot of land”) Lost field name, Y Rhath, Caer-dydd

(3) Rhydhalog (= y rhyd halog, “(the) muddy ford”) farm south-east of Brynsadler ST0280 (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

NOTE: Since the combination (d + h) becomes ‹t› in Welsh pronunciation,

Rhydhalog > Rhytalog. In some place names after a word with final -d, there is a tendency to interpret the name as though it includes a personal name Talog

..1/ Rhydtalog SJ2355 in Sir y Fflint, 1 km north-west of Wrecsam) as if it were “(the) ford (of) Talog”; in fact it is a reworking of Rhytalog from Rhydhalog (= filthy ford, muddy ford)

..2/ Rhytalog (= y rhyd halog, “(the) muddy ford” Llanarmon yn Iâl SJ1956 (county of Dinbych)

..3/ Coedtalog (“(the) wood (of) Talog”), a reforming of Coetalog < Coedhalog (= filthy wood, muddy wood) SH0510, in the district of Maldwyn in the county of Powys

4 place names: in some instances, replaced by ‘heulog’ (= sunny) to rid the name of unpleasantness and to give it a more felicitous meaning;

Dolheulog, Aberaeron SN4562 (county of Ceredigion) (“muddy meadow > sunny meadow”)

(a street in the town perpetuates the name)

Hafoteulog (qv) SS8484 ( < Hafotalog < hafod halog), Margam (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (“muddy summer pasture > sunny summer pasture”)

Moel Heulog, Llandderfel SH9837 (county of Gwynedd) (“muddy hill > sunny hill”)

Cf the English place name in Leicestershire Belgrave (“marten grove, grove of martens”) < Old English (meardh = marten) + (grâf = grove). In the Domesday Book as “Merdegrave”. For the Norman invaders who settled here the first element resembled French merde (= shit), so they replaced it with the element bel- (= fair).

5 Y Fanhalog (Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(1) Apparently: “the muddy place”
(y = the) + soft mutation + (man = place) + (halog = muddy)

(2) In fact, earlier forms show it be originally Y Fanalog, southern form of Y Fanhadlog – the broom place
(y = the) + soft mutation + (banhadlog = broom place)

fanhaddlog (instead of fanhadlog – dd instead of standard d) > fanha’log (loss of dd)

6 dihalog pure, undefiled, immaculate

ETYMOLOGY: (hâl = dirt, mire) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

halogwr, halogwyr ‹ha LO gur, ha LOG wir› (masculine noun)
1 person who commits sacrilege

:_______________________________.

ham ‹HAM› (masculine noun)
1 ham

:_______________________________.

hambwrdd, hambyrddau ‹HAM burdh, ham BƏR dhe› (masculine noun)
1 tray (‘handboard’)

NOTE: [ Olde Cheshire Dialecte. http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm
hand-booard : a tea-tray ]

:_______________________________.

hamdden ‹ham -dhen› femení
PLURAL hamddenau ‹ham dhee ne›
1 leisure, leisure time

cael hamdden have leisure time

cael hamdden i have the time to (do something) at your leisure

Nid wyf erioed wedi cael hamdden a chyfle i edrych yn fanwl dros Cilhaul Uchaf
I’ve never had the leisure time and the opportunity to examine Cil-haul Uchaf closely

2 oriau hamdden leisure hours

gweithgareddau hamdden leisure activities (hobbies; reading, gardening, sports, music, cinema etc)

canolfan hamdden leisure centre, sports centre

ETYMOLOGY: apparently hám-dden < *hán-dden (han- = separation) + soft mutation + (den- < denu = to attract)

:_______________________________.

hamddena ‹ha - DHEE -na›
1 take it easy, relax, lounge around
dillad hamddena leisure clothes, casual clothes)

ETYMOLOGY: (hamdden = leisure) + (-a suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

ha’n ‹ haan ›
1 southern form of haen (= stratum, layer)
Usually spelt (less correctly) hân
See aa / haan

:_______________________________.

Hanawt ‹hâ-naut› feminine noun
1 Hainault ‹Héinoot, Héinoolt› = province in Belgium;
The French pronunciation is ‹Éno›

:_______________________________.

hances, hancesi ‹HANG kes, hang KE si› (feminine noun)
1 handkerchief

NOTE: Cf. [Olde Cheshire Dialecte. http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm
hankitch : a handkerchief ]

:_______________________________.

hances boced, hancesi poced ‹hang kes BO ked, hang ke si PO ked› (feminine noun)
1 pocket handkerchief

:_______________________________.

hanerau ‹ha NEE rai, -re› (masculine noun)
1 halves; plural of half

:_______________________________.

hanercen ‹ha-NER-ken› feminine noun
1 (county of Penfro) dwarf (female)

ETYMOLOGY: haner- (penult form of hanner = half) + (-cen = feminine diminutive suffix)

:_______________________________.

hanercof ‹ha NER ko> (adjective)
1 simple (‘half + mind’)
Usually in the reduced form nerco ‹ NER ko>

(1) (hánner + cóf) becomes a single word with regular stress on the penult > hanércof
(2) the final [v] is lost - typical in modern Welsh: hanerco
(3) the prepenult syllable is lost - very common in informal Welsh: nerco

:_______________________________.

hanercyn ‹ha-ner-kin› masculine noun
1 (county of Penfro) dwarf (male)

ETYMOLOGY: haner- (penult form of hanner = half) + (cyn = masculine diminutive suffix)

:_______________________________.

hanereg ‹ha-nê-reg› feminine noun
PLURAL haneregau ‹ha-ne-rê-ge›
1 (obsolete) half an acre
Found in field names, often in the form nereg (with loss of the pretonic first syllable, a common phenonenon in Welsh)

Hanereg field name in Llan-daf
John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw), ‘Cardiff Records’, (compiled 1889-1911) notes: “The Hannereg. A close in the city of Llandaff (1755)”

1755. Coroner's Inquest taken at the dwellinghouse of Philip David, innkeeper, situate in the City of Llandaff, on 30 September 1754, on view of the body of Thomas Prees late of the City of Llandaff, aforesaid, labourer, found that the deceased, on the 25th day of August then last past, in a certain close within the said City, commonly called the Hannereg, died naturally.

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh hanereg < hanereg < haner- (in trisyllables, spelling of hanner = half) + (-eg = noun-forming suffix)

:_______________________________.

hanner, PLURAL hanerau, haneri ‹HA ner, ha NEE rai, -re, ha NEE ri› (masculine noun)
1 half

2 a hanner and a half (= half a previously named unit)
un stôn ar ddeg a hanner eleven and a half stone
cant a hanner one hundred and fifty

3 a hanner in intensfying a noun
cael hwyl a hanner have a grand old time, have a really great time (“get fun and (a) half”)

4 mor fawr â as big as / hanner mor fawr â half as big as
cymaint â as big as / hanner cymaint â half as big as

5 (modifier before a verb) half-
hanner gwneud pethau do things by halves, half do things = do in an incomplete way

6 eu hanner half of them
Rhowch eu hanner i mi Give me half of them (“give me their half”)

7 (f) half an acre, a half acre, in field names

(a feminine noun, probably because erw = acre is feminine)

John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911),

HANER-CNAP (the half knob.) Half an acre at Canton (1713.)
HANER-FACH (the little half-acre.) A field in Canton (1713.)

[ The first interpretation (half knob) is evidently a misunderstanding of the name.
Hanner Cnap < hanner y cnap “(the) half acre (of) the mound” ]

[ Yr Hanner Fach “the little half-acre” ]

:_______________________________.

hanner-crwn ‹ha-ner-krun› adjective
1 semi-circular

ETYMOLOGY: hanner (= half) + crwn (= round, circular)

:_______________________________.

hanner ffordd ‹ha-ner fordh›
1 halfway
Capel Soar a saif heddiw ar seiliau ei hen gartref Tŷ’r Clwtwr - hanner ffordd i fyny’r bryn o groesffordd Tonysguboriau i dref Llantrisant
Soar Chapel stands today on the site of his old home Tŷ’r Clwtwr - halfway up the hill from the Tonysguboriau crossroads to the town of Llantrisant

2 cwrdd â rhywun hanner ffordd meet somebody halfway, compromise

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) half (of) (the) road” (hanner = half) + (ffordd = road)

:_______________________________.

hanner pan ‹ha-ner PAN›
1 half-baked, not quite right in the head

ETYMOLOGY: ‘half fulled’, = not done completely; (hanner = half) + (pan = fulled, the stem of the verb pannu = to full [cloth]; a verb stem may serve as a past participle in Welsh )
:_______________________________.

hanes, hanesion ‹HAA nes, ha NES yon› (masculine noun in the North, feminine in the South)
1 history

2 story

3 Nid oedd hanes ohono There was no sign of him

4 holi hanes (rhywbeth) find out about, get an account of
Y diwrnod hwnnw aethom i Wales, Wisconsin, i holi hanes y Cymry yno
That day we went to Wales, Wisconsin, to ask about the Welsh people there

:_______________________________.

hanesydd, haneswyr ‹ha NE sidh, ha NES wir› (masculine noun)
1 historian

:_______________________________.

hanfod ‹HAN -vod› verb

Now generally hanu as a verb
1 hanfod o, derive (from), issue (from), stem (from), originate (in)

2 (family origin) be from
Mae e’n hanfod o deulu cyfoethog yn nhre Caerfyrddin He comes from a rich family in the town of Caerfyrddin

3 (masculine noun) yn ei hanfod in essence, essentially, in its essentials
Mae Llyfr Du Caerfyrddin yn llawysgrif farddoniaeth yn ei hanfod

The Black Book of Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen is essentially a manuscript of poetry (i.e. rather than prose)

Dyna yn ei hanfod oedd achos y gynnen rhyngddo a person y plwyf

That in essence was the cause of the dispute between him and the parish parson

ETYMOLOGY: (hân- noun now obsolete, = separation) + soft mutation + (bod = being; to be)

(The equivalent word for hân in Irish is the prefix sain- = special, specific, particular, characterisitic)

:_______________________________.

hanfod ‹HAN-vod› m
PLURAL hanfodion ‹han-VOD-yon›
1 essence, quintessence
yr hanfod the main point

2 sine qua non, prerequisite, essential thing

3 hanfodion needs, basic needs

yn ôl at yr hanfodion back to basics

ETYMOLOGY: See hanfod (verb)

:_______________________________.

hanfodol ‹han- VOO -dol› adjective
1 essential

ETYMOLOGY: (hanfod = essence) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Hanna ‹HA -na› feminine noun
1 Hannah = mother of Samuel (First Book of Samuel Chapter 1)

Samuel-1 1:15 A Hanna a atebodd, ac a ddywedodd, Nid felly, fy arglwydd; gwraig galed arni ydwyf fi; gwin hefyd na diod gadarn yfais; eithr tywelltais fy enaid gerbron yr Arglwydd
Samuel-1 1:15 And Hannah answered and said, No, my lord, I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit: I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink, but have poured out my soul before the Lord.

In earlier versons of the Welsh-kangauge Bible spelt with a final h - Hannah
:_______________________________.

hanner, hanerau ‹HA ner, ha NEE rai, -re› (masculine noun)
1 half
hanner cant fifty (“half a hundred”)

:_______________________________.

hansel ‹HAN-sel› (m)
1 (South Wales) gift, reward = payment to express satisfaction

2 first purchase from a seller, supposed to bring luck to the seller

Also: hansed
Often in the form ’ansel, ’ansed

ETYMOLOGY: English hansel < handsel
NOTE: [ Olde Cheshire Dialecte. http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm
hansel : the first sale upon opening a shop or market-stall for the day. ]
:_______________________________.

hansh ‹HANSH› (f)
PLURAL hanshys ‹HAN-shis›
(South Wales)

1 bite
hansh o afal a bite of an apple

2 mouthful

3 bite = small meal of some food
cael hansh fach o fara chaws have a snack of bread and cheese
The following Welsh words are frequently used in the western
parts of Carmarthenshire...hansh
Transactions of the Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society /
Another list of West Carmarthenshire Dialect / J H James / 20 07 1905

NOTE: [ Olde Cheshire Dialecte. http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm
haunge : a large piece of meat, bread or other eatable - “Yo’n gen me sich a hunge o rappit-pie, I shanna be fit for noo puddin at after.”]

ETYMOLOGY: English dialect hanch (= a greedy bite)
NOTE: often in the form ’ansh

:_______________________________.

hanshad ‹HANSH-ad› (m)
(South Wales)
1 bite

ETYMOLOGY: (hansh-, stem of the verb hanshan = bite) + (-ad suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

hanshan ‹HANSH-an› (m)
(South Wales)
1 bite

2 (dog) maul
Da’th ci trw’r clawdd a dachre hanshan y defed o’dd yn y ca’
A dog came through the hedge and began to maul the sheep in the field

ETYMOLOGY: (hansh = bite) + (-an suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

hanswm ‹HAN-sum› (adj)
1 handsome

The Treatment of English Borrowed Words in Colloquial Welsh / Thomas Powel / Y Cymmrodor Vol. VI 1883. / p133

The following paper is an attempt to give a general account
of the use and treatment of English words in the colloquial
Welsh of the present day. Most of the statements here made
are applicable to the whole of Welsh-speaking Wales; but
the paper treats more particularly of the dialect spoken, with
slight variations, in the Counties of Brecon, Caermarthen,
and the greater part of Cardigan.

In borrowed English words, if more than two consonants
come together, an effort is made to get rid of one of them.
Thus:

1. D after n, and followed by another consonant, goes out
or is assimilated. Bambocs (bandbox), gwlfinsh (goldfinch),
hangcyff (handcuff), hanswm (handsome).

ETYMOLOGY: English handsome

:_______________________________.

hapchwarae ‹hap-KHWAA-rai, -re› verb
1 gamble

2 (masculine noun) gambling
y Ddeddf Hapchwarae The Gambling Act, The Gaming Act

ETYMOLOGY: (hap = chance) + (chwarae = to play)

:_______________________________.

hapchwaraewr ‹hap-khwa-rei-ur› masculine noun
PLURAL hapchwaraewyr ‹hap-khwa-rei-wir›
1 gambler
hapchwaraewyr y lóteri players of the lottery

ETYMOLOGY: (hapchwarae-, stem of hapchwarae = to bet) + (-wr agent suffix, ‘man’)

:_______________________________.

hapfasnachu ‹hap-vas-NAA-khi› verb
1 speculate
hapfasnachu yn y farchnad arian rhyngwladol "speculate in the international money market

ETYMOLOGY: (hap = chance) + soft mutation + (masnachu = to trade)

:_______________________________.

hapfasnachwr ‹hap-vas-NAA-khur› masculine noun
PLURAL hapfasnachwyr ‹hap-vas-nakh-wir›
1 speculator

Agorwyd lefelau a phyllau bychan yn yr ardal gan nifer o hapfasnachwyr o Loegr Levels and small pits were opened in the area by a number of speculators from England

ETYMOLOGY: (hapfasnach-, stem of hapfasnachu = speculate) + (-wr agent suffix, ‘man’)

:_______________________________.

hapus ‹HA pis› (adjective)
1 happy

:_______________________________.

hapusrwydd ‹ha PIS ruidh› (masculine noun)
1 happiness

:_______________________________.

hardbord ‹ hard -bord› masculine noun
1 hardboard

ETYMOLOGY: English hardboard (hard) + (board)
cf Welsh cardbord (= cardboard) < English cardboard

:_______________________________.

hardd ‹HARDH› (adjective)
1 beautiful
Ni ellid dychmygu harddach merch
A more beautiful girl could not be imagined

2 diemwnt gyda’r harddaf one of the most beautiful diamonds

:_______________________________.

harddwych ‹HARDH -wikh› adjective
1 splendid

ETYMOLOGY: (hardd = beautiful) + soft mutation + (gwych = splendid)

:_______________________________.

harglwydd ‹har-glui-dh› masculine noun
1 form of arglwydd with the prefix h (used after ’m = my, ei = her, ein = our, eu = their)

Timotheus-1 6:14 Gadw ohonot y gorchymyn hyn yn ddifeius, yn ddiargyhoedd, hyd ymddangosiad ein Harlwydd Iesu Grist
Timothy-1 6:14 That thou keep this commandment without spot, unrebukeable, until the appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ

:_______________________________.

harglwyddes ‹har-glui-dhes› feminine noun
1 form of arglwyddes with the prefix h (used after ’m = my, ei = her. ein = our, eu = their)

Ysgol Ein Harglwyddes name of a school in Bangor
(the) school (of) Our Lady

NOTE: This prefix is found after
(a) ei = (her);
(b) ein (= our), ('n as in a'n = and our, etc)
(c) eu (= their), ('u as in a'u = and their, etc)
(d) 'm (= my) (a'm = and my, etc)

:_______________________________.

Harlech ‹HAR-lekh› (feminine noun)
1 town in the north-west

:_______________________________.

harm ‹ harm › masculine noun
(North Wales)

1 harm = injury, damage, hurt
yn ddi-harm without harm

2 harm = moral injury, wrong
“Wela i fy hun ddim harm yn y peth.” I can’t see any harm in it myself

Yr ydych chi a Mrs. Harris yn credu nad oes dim harm rhoi glasiad o gwrw i'r tenantiaid hefo'u cinio rhent. 'Rydw innau'n credu mae'r ddiod gref yna sydd wrth wraidd bron holl drueni y wlad yma mewn rhyw ffordd neu gilydd,
Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (=Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910)
You and Mrs Harris believe there is no harm in giving a glass f beer to the tenants with their rent dinner (= the dinner given by a landowner after the annual paymwnt of rent.) I believe that strong drink is at the root of nearly all the misery in this country in one way or another

ETYMOLOGY: English harm < Old English hearm ‹harm›; obsolete German harm surviving in the word harmlos (= harmless, innocent, slight). The cognate word in Russian is sramotá (= shame)

:_______________________________.

harn ‹harn› masculine noun

1 southern form of haearn (= iron)

Merthyrtudful once had a well-known landmark, until the local council in the 1960s allowed a property developer to destroy the historical central area, called y Bont Harn (pronounced locally y Bont ’Arn, as indeed this name would have been pronounced anywhere in the south-east, where the Welsh language lacks the [h] sound

:_______________________________.

harnin ‹har -nin› masculine noun
1 (county of Caerfyrddin) = heyernin iron object

:_______________________________.

Harri ‹HA ri› (masculine noun)
1 (male) Harri

From this surname is the patronymic ap Harri (son of Harri) > (ap ’Arri) > a coalesced form Parri, a common surname, more familiar in its English spelling of “Parry”.

:_______________________________.

hau ‹HAI› (verb)
1 to sow

heuir it is sown

:_______________________________.

haul, heuliau ‹HAIL, HEIL ye› (masculine noun)
1 sun
arth yr haul sun bear (Helarctos malayanus)

2 cefn haul place shaded from the sun (“back (of) sun”) (cefn = back) + (haul = sun)

yng nghefn haul out of the sun’s reach

Yr oedd yn dyddyn bychan, gwlyb, oer, creigiog, anial, yn nghefn haul, ar ochr ogleddol y llechwedd serth hwnnw a elwir ‘Newydd Fynyddog.’
It was a tiny smallholding, wet, cold, craggy, barren, out of the sun’s reach, on the northern side of the steep slope called “Newydd Fynyddog”

gwegil haul place shaded from the sun (“nape (of) sun”)

3 yn wyneb haul llygad goleuni in broad daylight (“in (the) face (of) (the) sun (in) (the) eye (of) light”)

4 codiad haul sunrise = rising of the sun over the horizon
“(the) rise (of) (the) sun” (codiad = rise) + (haul = sun)

Also: codiad yr haul
Gwlad y Codiad Haul The Land of the Rising Sun

:_______________________________.

haul- ‹hail › masculine noun masculine noun
1 First element in certain names of houses or streets. It is an incorrect form – the form of the penultimate syllable is heul-
Examples of such names followed by the correct spelling:
Haulfre > Heulfre (sunny hill)
Haulfryn > Heulfryn (sunny hill)
Haulfron > Heulfron (sunny hill)
Haulfan > Heulfan (sunny place)
Haulwen > Heulwen (sunshine)

:_______________________________.

Haulfan ‹hail -vron›
1 sunny place
House name or street name – an incorrect form. See Heulfan
Street name in Ffos-y-ffin, Aberaeron (county of Ceredigion)

ETYMOLOGY: (haul = sun) + soft mutation + (man = place)

:_______________________________.

Haulfre ‹hail -vre›
1 sunny hill
House name or street name – an incorrect form.

See Heulfre
“Haulfre Terrace”, Coed-poeth (county of Wrecsam)
(In Welsh, it would be simply Heulfre, or Rhestai Heulfre / Teras Heulfre)

ETYMOLOGY: (haul = sun) + soft mutation + (bre = hill)

:_______________________________.

Haulfron ‹hail -vron›
1 sunny hill
House name or street name – an incorrect form. See Heulfron
..a/ street name in Tonypandy (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (further misspelt as “Haul Fron”, as if two separate words)

ETYMOLOGY: (haul = sun) + soft mutation + (bron = hill)

:_______________________________.

Haulfryn ‹hail -vrin›
1 sunny hill

House name or street name – an incorrect form. See Heulfryn
It is found as a street name in the following places:

..a/ Bryn, Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
..b/ Brynmenyn (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (further misspelt as “Haul Fryn”, as if two separate words)
..c/ Caer-dydd
..d/ Clydach, Y Fenni (county of Mynwy)
..e/ Llwynbedw (county of Abertawe) (further misspelt as “Haul Fryn”, as if two separate words)
..f/ Mynyddcynffig (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
..g/ Pen-y-waun, Aber-dâr (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
..h/ Pontardawe (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
..i/ Pontyberem, Llanelli, (county of Caerfyrddin)
..j/ Rhosllannerchrugog (county of Wrecsam)
..k/ Rhuthun (county of Dinbych)
..l/ Sychdyn, Yr Wyddgrug (county of Y Fflint)
..m/ Tregynwr (county of Caerfyrddin)
Also Stad Haulfryn, Llanfair, near Harlech (county of Gwynedd)

ETYMOLOGY: (haul = sun) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill)

:_______________________________.

Haulwen ‹hail -wen›
1 sunshine
House name or street name – an incorrect form. See Heulwen
Street name
..a/ Cwm-dâr (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
..b/ “Haulwen Road”, Penpedairheol (county of Caerffili). (It would be Heol Heulwen in Welsh)
..c/ “Haulwen Road”, Y Cocyd (county of Abertawe). (It would be Heol Heulwen in Welsh)

ETYMOLOGY: (haul = sun) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white, shining). In modern Welsh haul is a masculine noun, but in older Welsh it was feminine

:_______________________________.

Havhesp ‹hav-esp ›
1 An idiosyncratic spelling of the stream name Hafesb (qv)
Dewi Havhesp bardic name of an englyn poet (David Roberts, 1831-1884) of Llanfor, Y Bala, who took his name from this stream near his home.

Comparison of the spelling Havhesp with the standard form Hafesb:

..a/ the name has been respelt according to its etymology (it is a combination of “haf + hesb”, “summer + dry”). In such compounds the h is lost in the standard language. See the entry for h.

..b/ there is an erronious ‘p’ (a spelling in use in the 1800s) instead of ‘b’.

..c/ “v” is used instead of “f”. This was a spelling reform advocated in the 1800s and adopted by some writers of the period.

:_______________________________.

Hawau ‹HAU-e›
1 (SO0558) locality 2km south of Llandrindod (county of Powys)
English name: Howey

ETYMOLOGY: ?from the English name Howey

:_______________________________.

hawdd ‹HAUDH› (adjective, irregular comparison)
Comparative: haws (= easier), hawsaf (= easiest)
Colloquial forms are regularised: hawddach (= easier), hawdda (= easiest)

1 easy

2 easy; with ei

un hawdd ei dwyllo (m), un hawdd ei thwyllo (f) an easy touch, somebody easily deceived (“one easy (of) his / her deceiving”)

hawdd ei anghofio (m), hawdd ei hanghofio (f) easy to forget (“easy its / his / her forgetting”)

rhywbeth hawdd ei ddarllen something easy to read

rhywbeth hawdd ei adnabod something easy to recognise

rhywbeth hawdd ei ddefnyddio something easy to use

rhywbeth hawdd ei ddeall something easy to understand

gwell paratói dogfen sydd mor hawdd ei chyfieithu ag sydd bosibl it’s better to prepare a document that’s as easy as possible to translate

bwyd hawdd ei dreulio easily-digested food

hawdd ei weld (m), hawdd ei gweld (f) easy to see

hawdd ei drin (m), hawdd ei thrin (f) easy to treat, easy to handle, easy to manipulate

hawdd eich byd (qv)

3 Nid hawdd tynnu mêl o faen You can’t get blood out of a stone (“it is not easy to get honey from a stone”)

4 dilyn y llwybr hawsaf take the line of least resistance (“follow the easiest path”)

5 hawdd gwneud â hi / hawdd gwneud ag e easy to deal with, easy to get on with

6 merch hawdd ei chael an easy piece, an easy lay (“girl easy her getting”)

7 arian hawdd easy money, money for old rope, money for jam

8 hawddamor (obsolete) (qv)

9 cael gwaith hawdd get a cushy job

:_______________________________.

hawddamor ‹hau- dha -mor› masculine or feminine noun
1 (obsolete) good luck

2 Occurs in the expression Hawddamor! Good fortune! Good luck!

Used in the University of Wales graduation ceremony
Hawddamor, wrda Good luck, worthy man
Hawddamor, wreigdda Good luck, worthy woman

3 Hawddamor
house name (in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)

4 (obsolete) farewell
canu hawddamor i say farewell to

ETYMOLOGY: (hawdd = prosperous) + (amor = fate, fortune, success)

:_______________________________.

hawdd eich byd ‹haudd əch biid › adjective
1 happy, contented
2 comfortably off, materially well off, quite well off

ETYMOLOGY: (hawdd = easy; pleasant) + (eich = your) + (byd = world, circumstances)

:_______________________________.

hawddfyd ‹haudh -vid› masculine noun
1 comfortable circumstances, ease, happiness, prosperity

Er iechyd, hawddfyd a hedd - er urddas,
Er harddwch a mawredd,
Daw awr rhaid mynd i orwedd,
O dwrw byd i ddyfnder bedd
(tudalen 67 Englynion Beddau Dyffryn Ogwen, J Elwyn Hughes 1979)
In spite of health, ease, and peace – in spite of dignity,
In spite of beuaty and greatness
The hour comes for the time to repose
From the bustle of the world to the depth of a grave

2 bod mewn hawddfyd live comfortably

ETYMOLOGY: (hawdd = easy; pleasant) + soft mutation + (byd = world; circumstances)

:_______________________________.

hawddgar ‹haudh -gar› adjective
1 easy-going, easy to get on with, likeable, amiable

2 pleasant

Salmau 84.1 I’r Pencerdd ar Gittith, Salm meibion Cora. Mor hawddgar yw dy bebyll di, O Arglwydd y lluoedd!
Psalm 84:1 To the chief Musician upon Gittith, A Psalm for the sons of Korah. How amiable are thy tabernacles, O Lord of hosts!

3 fair, lovely

Caniad Solomon 1.5 Du ydwyf fi, ond hawddgar, merched Jrerwsalem, fel pebyll Cedar, fel llenni Solomon
Song-of-Solomon 1:5 I am black, but comely, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, as the tents of Kedar, as the curtains of Solomon.

4 Brynhawddgar (“pleasant hill”) name of a street in Clydach, county of Abertawe

ETYMOLOGY: (hawdd = easy, agreeable, pleasant) + (-gar adjectival suffix)

:_______________________________.

hawddgarwch ‹haudh-GAA-rukh› masculine noun
1 affability, amiability

ETYMOLOGY: (hawddgar = amiable) + (-wch suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

hawl, hawliau ‹HAUL, HAUL-yia, -ye› (feminine noun)
1 right

:_______________________________.

hawlfraint, hawlfreintiau ‹HAUL-vraint, haul-VREINT-ye› (feminine noun)
1 copyright
tor hawlfraint breach of copyright
cedwir pob hawlfraint all rights reserved (“every copyright is kept / is being kept”)
(The owner of an original work has five exclusive rights to it unless one or more of these rights are transferred to another person. These rights are adapting the work, making a copy or copies, displaying the work, performing the work in public, and publishing or otherwise distributing the work)

:_______________________________.

hawlio ‹HAUL yo› (verb)
1 to claim = demand something that one is entitled to

hawlio braint claim a privilege
hawlio budd-dâl claim benefit, claim a benefit payment
hawlio cael gwneud rhywbeth claim the right to do something
hawlio meddiant ar rybweth claim possession of something, lay claim to something
hawlio rhywbeth gan rywun claim something from somebody
hawlio rhywbeth oddi ar rywun claim something from somebody

2 to claim = take something from somebody as if by right
hawlio einoes rhywun claim the life of somebody
hawlio einoes sawl un claim the lives of many people

:_______________________________.

hawlfraint, hawlfreintiau ‹HAUL vraint, haul VREINT ye› (feminine noun)
1 copyright

(HAWL = right) + soft mutation + (BRAINT = privilege)

:_______________________________.

haws ‹HAUS› (adjective)
1 easier (see hawdd = easy)

:_______________________________.

hawsaf (hawsa’) ‹HAU sa› (adjective)
1 easiest (see hawdd = easy)

:_______________________________.

Haws dweud mynydd na mynd drosto ‹haus dweid mə-nidh naa mind dro-sto›
1 Easier said than done, Actions speak louder than words

ETYMOLOGY: (“(it’s) easier saying ‘mountain’ than going over it”) (haws = easier) + (dweud = saying, to say) + (mynydd = mountain) + (na = than) + (mynd = going, to go) + (drosto = over it)

:_______________________________.

Haws dweud na gwneud ‹haus dweid naa gwneid›
1 Easier said than done (said of something which is more difficult
to do than appears at first sight), Actions speak louder than words

ETYMOLOGY: (“(it’s) easier saying than doing”)
(haws = easier) + (dweud = saying, to say) + (na = than) + (gwneud = doing, to do)

NOTE: Colloquially:
(North Wales) Haws deud na neud
(South Wales) Haws gweud na neud

:_______________________________.
he-
1 there is aspiration of an initial vowel certain possessive determiners
‘m (= my), ei (= her), ein (= our), eu (= their),
In this dictionary we mark this aspiration as h
â’m hewinedd wirh my fingernails, ewin fingernail
ei henw her name, enw name
ein heiddo our property, eiddo property
eu hesgyrn their bones asgwrn, esgyrn bone, bones

:_______________________________.

He ‹aich EE›
1 symbol for heliwm = helium

:_______________________________.

he ‹HEE› feminine noun
1 he = fifth letter in the Hebrew alphabet, transliterated into the Roman alphabet as H, h

:_______________________________.

head ‹HEE-ad› masculine noun
PLURAL headau ‹he-AA-dai, -de›
1 sowing

ETYMOLOGY: (he-, stem of hau = to sow) + (-ad suffix for forming names)

:_______________________________.

heb ‹HEEB› (preposition)
1 without

(1) hebddo i ‹HEB dhoi› (preposition) (first person singular) without me

(1) hebddon ni ‹HEB dho ni› (preposition) (first person plural) without us

(2) hebddot ti ‹HEB dho ti› (preposition) (second person singular) without you

(2) hebddoch chi ‹HEB dho khi› (preposition) (second person plural) without you

(3) hebddo fe / fo ‹HEB dho ve / vo› (preposition) (third person singular masculine) without him

(3) hebddi hi ‹HEB dhi hi› (preposition) (third person singular feminine) without her

(3) hebddyn nhw ‹HEB dhi nu (HEB dhint hui) (preposition) (third person plural) without them

2 Rw i heb wybod eto pam I still don’t know why (“I am still without knowing why”)

3 heb ddefnydd arno (m), heb ddefnydd arni (f) disused
lorri heb ddefnydd arni disused lorry

Ni bu ddrwg erioed heb ferch yn rhywben.

(Saying) Cherchez la femme; where there's trouble, always a woman.

(‘there has never been trouble without a woman at some end’)

:_______________________________.

Heb.
1 abbreviation y Llythyr at yr Hebreaid (The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to The Hebrews, in the New Testament)

:_______________________________.

heb- ‹heeb›
1 element with the meaning of ‘speak’ in certain compound words
ateb to answer
dihareb proverb
ebr (eb, ebe) she says, he says
gohebu â to correspond with, to write to
gwrtheb contradiction
hebu obsolete speak, say

ETYMOLOGY: related to Latin inquam (= I say)

:_______________________________.

heb air o gelwydd ‹heeb air oo gel -widh› adverb
1 no kidding, honestly,

ETYMOLOGY: “without a word of a lie” (heb = without) + soft mutation + (gair = word) + (o = of) + soft mutation + (celwydd = a lie)

:_______________________________.

heb amharu ar eich hawliau ‹heeb a-MHAA-ri ar əkh HAUL-yai, -ye› adverb
1 (law) without prejudicing one’s rights

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + (amharu ar = harm) + (eich your) + (hawliau = rights, plural of hawl = right)

:_______________________________.

heb arbed unrhyw gost ‹heeb ar-bed in-hriu gost› adv;;)
1 with no expense spared

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + (arbed ar = save) + (unrhyw = any) + soft mutation + (cost = cost)

:_______________________________.

heb betruso dim ‹heeb be- tri -so dim› adverbial
1 without a moment’s hesitation, without pausing to think

:_______________________________.

heb ddagrau ‹heeb dha-gre› adverbial
1 without tears = painlessly, easily

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dagrau tears, plural of deigryn = tear)

:_______________________________.

heb dderbyn niwed ‹heeb dher-bin ni-wed› adverbial
1 unharmed

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (derbyn = to receive) + (niwed = harm, damage)

:_______________________________.

heb ddim dan eich ewin ‹heeb dhim dan əkh eu -in› adjectival
1 clean, having nothing to hide
2 broke, poor, having no money

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dim = anything, nothing) + (dan = under) + (eich = your) + (ewin = fingernail)

:_______________________________.

heb ddim help ‹heeb dhim help› adverb
1 without any help

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dim = some, any) + (help = help)

:_______________________________.

heb ddim lol ‹heeb dhim lol› adverbial
1 (do something) and no nonsense

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dim = some, any) + (lol = nonsense)

:_______________________________.

heb ddim pensen ar eich elw ‹heeb dhim pen-sen ar əkh e-lu› adverb
1 without a penny to your name

ETYMOLOGY: (“without any penny on your profit”) (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dim = any) + (pensen = penny) + (ar = on) + (eich your) + (elw = profit)

:_______________________________.

heb ddim ysgol ‹heeb dhim ə-skol› adjectival
1 uneducated

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dim = some, any) + (ysgol = school)

:_______________________________.

Heb Dduw, heb ddim. Duw a digon ‹heeb dhiu, heeb dhim, diu a dî-gon›
1 Without God, we have nothing. To have God is to have plenty

ETYMOLOGY: (1) (heb = without) + soft mutation + (Duw = God), heb Dduw = without God
(2) (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dim = nothing), heb ddim = without anything.
(3) (Duw = God) + (a = and) + (digon = sufficient), Duw a digon = God and enough, plenty

:_______________________________.

heb ddweud gair o gelwydd ‹heeb dhweid gair o gê -luidh› adverbial
1 honestly, it’s not a word of a lie

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dweud = to say) + (gair = word) + (o = of) + soft mutation + (celwydd = a lie)

:_______________________________.

heb ddweud rhywbeth ar ei ben ‹heeb dhweid hriu-beth ar ii ben› adverbial
1 in not so many words, without saying it outright

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dweud = to say) + (rhywbeth = something) + (ar = on) + (ei = its) + soft mutation + (pen = head)

:_______________________________.

heb ddweud yr un gair ‹heeb dhweid ər iin gair› adverbial
1 without so much as a word

ETYMOLOGY: “without saying the one word” (heb = without) + soft mutation + (dweud = to say) + (yr un = the one) + (gair = word)

:_______________________________.

heb drafferth yn y byd ‹heeb DRAA-ferth ən ə biid› adverbial
1 with no trouble at all, effortlessly

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (trafferth = trouble) + (yn y byd = in the world, at all)

:_______________________________.

Hebe ‹HEE-be› feminine noun
1 Greek goddess of youth, daughter of Zews (Zeus) and Hera

:_______________________________.

heb eich ail ‹heeb əkh AIL› adjective
1 unique, second to none; in a class of its own, in a class by itself (“without your second”)
cefais groeso heb ei ail I received a welcome that was second to none, that couldn’t be equalled
cantores heb ei hail yw hi she’s a singer in a class of her own

:_______________________________.

heb eich gofyn ‹heeb əkh GOO-vin› adjectival
1 heb ei ofyn, without asking for it, unsolicited, unrequested
Da cyngor gwraig heb ei ofyn (proverb) a wife’s advice, though not asked for, will be good advice

:_______________________________.

heb eich tebyg ‹heeb əkh tê -big› adjectival
1 unique, without equal

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + (eich = your) + (tebyg similarity)

:_______________________________.

heb ei fai, heb ei eni ‹heeb i vai heeb i ê-ni›
1 everybody makes mistakes; nobody’s perfect; to err is human

Mae rhywbeth ar bawb - heb ei fai heb ei eni Everybody is less than perfect - (“there is something on everybody”) - everybody makes mistakes

Also: Y sawl sydd heb ei fai sydd heb ei eni (“(it is) the one who-is without his fault who-is without his being-born)

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the person who is) without his fault (is) without his being-born”) (heb = without) + (ei = his) + soft mutation + (bai = fault), (heb = without) + (ei = his) + soft mutation + (geni = being born)

:_______________________________.

heb esgus da iawn ‹heeb e-skis daa yaun› adverbial
1 without a very good excuse

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + (esgus = excuse) + (da = good) + (iawn = very)

:_______________________________.

heb ewyllys, heb allu ‹heeb e- wə -lhis, heeb â-lhi› -
1 you can’t because you don’t want to, the only reason you can’t do it is because you don’t want to do it; where there’s a will, there’s a way (“without will, without ability”)

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + (ewyllys = will) + (heb = without) + soft mutation + (gallu = ability)

:_______________________________.

heb fagu’n llwyr, heb fagu wyr ‹heeb vâ-gin lhuir heeb vâ-gi uir› -
1 saying even if you’ve brought up children, you haven’t yet known the full the process of bringing up children until you’ve also brought up your grandchildren (“without raising completely, without raising (a) grandchild”)

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (magu = bring up, rear)

:_______________________________.

heb fanylu ‹heeb va- nə -li› adverb
1 without going into details

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (manylu = to go into detail)

:_______________________________.

heb fanylu mwy ‹heeb va-nə-li mui› adverb
1 without going into any more detail, in a nutshell

:_______________________________.

heb fawr o lwc ‹heeb vaur o luk› adverb
1 without much luck (“without (a) great (amount) of luck”)

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (mawr = big)

:_______________________________.

heb feddwl dim drwg ‹heeb vê-dhul dim druug› adverb
1 without meaning any harm (“without thinking anything bad”)

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (meddwl = to think)

:_______________________________.

heb fentro, heb ffafr ‹heeb ven-tro heeb fa -var›
1 nothing ventured, nothing gained; (of some challenge) - at least give it a try (because you might succeed) (“without venturing, without favour”)

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (mentro = to venture, to try)

:_______________________________.

heb flewyn ar dafod ‹heeb vleu-in ar dâ -vod› adverb
1 without mincing words (“without a hair on tongue”)

:_______________________________.

heb ffys na ffwdan ‹heeb fəs na fu -dan› adverb
1 with no fuss, without any fuss (“without fuss or fuss / bustle”)

:_______________________________.

heb fod angen ‹heeb vood a -ngen› adverbial
1 needlessly

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (bod = to be) + (angen = need)

:_______________________________.

heb gyfri'r gost ‹heeb gə-vrir kost› adv;;)
1 without counting the cost (= without taking the risks into account)

ETYMOLOGY: “without counting the cost” (heb = without) + soft mutation + (cyfri / cyfrif = to count) + (’r < yr = definite article) + soft mutation + (cost = cost)

:_______________________________.

héblaw ‹he-blau› masculine noun
county of Ceredigion
1 overlap (of two tiles)

2 overhang (of roof)

3 surplus, excess

Ma fe’n héblaw It’s more than enough

4 héblaw rhaff slack of a rope

ETYMOLOGY: See hebláw

:_______________________________.

hebláw ‹he BLAU› (preposition) apart from
in the North, often as ’blaw ‹BLAU›

:_______________________________.

heb na siw na miw ‹heeb na SIU na MIU› (adverb) without a peep (out of her / him), without saying a word, explaining a thing

:_______________________________.

heboca ‹he-bo-ka› verb
1 go hawking

ETYMOLOGY: (hebog = hawk) + (-ha = suffix for forming verbs) > hebóg-ha > heboca

:_______________________________.

hebocty ‹he-bok-ti› masculine noun
PLURAL heboctai ‹he-bok-tai›

1 mew = cage for hawks when moulting

ETYMOLOGY: “hawk house”
(hebog = hawk) + soft mutation + (ty = house)
> hebóg-dy
> hebocty (g + d = ct)

:_______________________________.

hebog ‹he -bog› masculine noun
PLURAL hebogau ‹he-bo-ge›
1 bird hawk

ETYMOLOGY: Old English “hevok”; cf words in other languages meaning ‘hawk’ with the same Indo-European origin –

Old Norse haukr,

German der Habicht (háabikht),

Polish kobuz;

but Irish seabhac (shauk) is probably Old English hafoc ‹HAha-vok›, borrowed at an early period when in Irish a foreign h was replaced by s

2 Moel Hebog (SH5646), mountain near Beddgelert (SH5948) in the county of Gwynedd.

At first sight this is ‘hill (of the) hawk’. But earlier it was Moel Hedog, from Moel Ehedog = hill (of the) bird. Since the word aderyn ‹a DEE rin› is the usual word for bird, ehedog gradually passed out of use, and the clipped form of the name (hedog) was confused with hebog. The two are completely unrelated - ehedog is derived from the verb ehedu (= to fly), a word of Celtic origin, while hebog is from Old English hafoc ‹HAha-vok› (modern English hawk)

:_______________________________.

hebogaidd ‹he-bô-gedh› adjective
1 hawklike

ETYMOLOGY: (hebog = hawk) + (-aidd)

:_______________________________.

hebog tramor ‹hê-bog tra-mor› masculine noun
PLURAL hebogau tramor ‹he-bô-ge tra-mor›
1 Falco peregrinus = peregrine falcon

ETYMOLOGY: (hebog = hawk) + (tramor = foreign, overseas)

:_______________________________.

hebogydd ‹he-bô-gidh› masculine noun
PLURAL hebogyddion ‹he-bo-gədh-yon›
1 hawker, falconer

ETYMOLOGY: (hebog = hawk) + (-ydd = agent suffix)

:_______________________________.

hebogyddiaeth ‹he-bo-gədh-yeth› feminine noun
1 falconry

ETYMOLOGY: (hebogydd = falconer) + (-i-aeth)

:_______________________________.

hebog y gogledd ‹hê-bog ə go-gledd› masculine noun
PLURAL hebogau’r gogledd ‹he-bô-ge ə go-gledd›
1 Falco rusticolus = gyrfalcon

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) falcon (of) the north” (hebog = hawk) + (y gogledd = the north)

:_______________________________.

hebog yr ehedydd ‹hê-bog ər e-he-didh› masculine noun
PLURAL hebogau’r ehedydd ‹he-bô-ger e-he-didh›
1 Falco subbuteo = hobby

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) falcon (of) the skylark” (hebog = hawk) + (yr ehedydd = the lark)

:_______________________________.

heb os nac onibái ‹heb os naag o-nii-bai› adverb
1 without doubt, there’s no doubt, quite clearly

ETYMOLOGY: “without (an) if or (an) if-it-weren’t” (heb = without) + (os = if) + (nac = nor) + (onibái = if it weren’t)

:_______________________________.

Hebráeg ‹he BRAIG› (feminine noun, adjective)
1 (language) Hebrew

:_______________________________.

heb reswm yn y byd ‹heeb re-sum ən ə biid›
1 for no reason at all

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (rheswm = reason) + (yn y byd = in the world)
:_______________________________.

heb rithyn o amheuaeth ‹heeb RII-thin o am-hei-aith, -eth› adverbial
1 without a shadow of a doubt

ETYMOLOGY: (heb = without) + soft mutation + (rhithyn = least particle; illusion) + (o = of) + (amheuaeth = doubt)

:_______________________________.

hebrwng ‹HE brung› (verb)
1 accompany

2 hebrwng i dŷei hir gartref bury (someone) (“accompany someone to his long home”)

Pregethwr 12:5 Ie, yr amser yr ofnant yr hyn sydd uchel, ac yr arswydant yn y ffordd, ac y blodeua y pren almon, ac y bydd y ceiliog rhedyn yn faich, ac y palla chwant; pan elo dyn i dy ei hir gartref, a’r galarwyr yn myned o bob tu yn yr heol
Ecclesiastes 12:5 Also when they shall be afraid of that which is high, and fears shall be in the way, and the almond tree shall flourish, and the grasshopper shall be a burden, and desire shall fail: because man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go about the streets

:_______________________________.

heb yr un bensen ar eich elw ‹heeb ər iin ben-sen ar əkh e-lu› adverb
1 without a penny to your name

ETYMOLOGY: (“without any penny on your profit”) (heb = without) + (yr = the) + (un = one) soft mutation + (pensen = penny) + (ar = on) + (eich your) + (elw = name)

:_______________________________.

hecterw ‹hek-te-ru› feminine noun
PLURAL hecterwau ‹hek-ter-we›
1 Patagonian Welsh hectare

ETYMOLOGY: Castilian hectárea (= hectare) + influence of Welsh erw (= acre)

:_______________________________.

hedbeiriant ‹hed-BEIR-yant› masculine noun
PLURAL hedbeiriannau ‹hed-beir-YA-nau, -ne›
1 An unusual word for airplane / aeroplane. The standard word is awyren (f), awyrennau

Cwrs Rhydychen Mewn Cymraeg, Llyfr Iaith, Cyfrol Cyntaf, Rhan 2, 1934. Tudalen 82.
A ellwch chwi yrru eroplên (hedbeiriant)? Can you fly (“drive”) an aeroplane?

ETYMOLOGY: “flying engine / device” (hed-, stem of hedfan = to fly) + soft mutation + (peiriant = engine, device)

:_______________________________.

hedd ‹HEEDH› masculine noun
1 peace

swyddog hedd (archaic) police officer (“officer (of) peace”)

swyddog yr hedd (archaic) the police officer (“(the) officer (of) the peace”)

2 Bro-hedd House name in Ponciau (county of Wrecsam)
(in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1) (as “Bro Hedd”)
“land (of) peace” (bro = district) + (hedd = peace)

:_______________________________.

Heddfan ‹hedh-van › feminine noun
1 (house name) “peaceful spot”
House name in Cwmllynfell (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
(in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)

ETYMOLOGY: (hedd = peace) + soft mutation + (man = place)

:_______________________________.

heddferch ‹hedh-verkh› feminine noun
PLURAL heddferched ‹hedh- ver-khed›
1 literary word policewoman

ETYMOLOGY: (hedd = peace) + soft mutation + (merch = girl, woman)

:_______________________________.

heddgeidwad ‹hedh-geid-wad› masculine noun
PLURAL heddgeidwaid ‹hedh-geid-wed›
1 literary word policeman

ETYMOLOGY: (hedd = peace) + soft mutation + (ceidwad = keeper)

:_______________________________.

heddi’ ‹HEE dhi› (adverb)
1 (South Wales) southern form of heddiw = today.

Also heddi > ’eddi (loss of initial h is typical in the south)

:_______________________________.

heddiw ‹HEE dhiu› (adverb) ‹HEI dhiu›
1 today (South - heddi / ’eddi; north - heiddiw)

2 Heddiw piau hi, nid yfory Don’t put off until tomorrow what you can do today, Don’t leave until tomorrow what you can do today

:_______________________________.

heddlu ‹hedh -li› masculine noun
PLURAL heddluoedd ‹hedh- lî -odh›
1 police = police force; constabulary = police force of a town, district
un o heddluoedd Cymru on of the Welsh constabularies, one of the Welsh police forces

2 gorsaf heddlu police station

3 fan heddlu (American: patrol wagon, paddy wagon)
(Englandic: police van, Black Maria ‹məráiə› )

car heddlu police car

4 heddlu arfog armed police

5 heddlu puteiniaeth vice squad (“police (of) prostitution”)

ETYMOLOGY: “group (of) peace” (hedd = peace) + soft mutation + (llu = group, host, army)


(dewl 0032) Car heddlu ar feili gorsaf reilffordd Amwythig (Lloegr) Sul 10 Awst 2003
Police car on the forecourt of the station in Amwythig (Shrewsbury, England) Sunday 10 August 2003

:_______________________________.

heddlu cudd ‹hedh-li kiidh› masculine noun
PLURAL heddluoedd cudd ‹hedh-lî-odh kiidh›
1 secret police

:_______________________________.

heddus ‹HEE-dhis› adjective
1 peaceful, pacífic, tranquil

2 Heddus woman’s name (rare)

ETYMOLOGY: (hedd = peace) + (-us = suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

heddwas ‹hedh-was› masculine noun
PLURAL heddweision ‹hedh- wei-shon›
1 policeman

ETYMOLOGY: ‘peace servant’, (hedd = peace) + soft mutation + (gwas = servant)

:_______________________________.

heddwch ‹HEE-dhukh› masculine noun
1 peace = absence of war between groups of people
ceisio heddwch sue for peace, seek an end to conflict
dod yn heddwch (subject: hi) peace - return
.....pan ddaw hi’n heddwch when there’s peace once more, when the war is over
erfyn am heddwch sue for peace, seek an end to conflict
gwlad mewn heddwch â’i chymdogion a country at peace with its neighbours
lili heddwch peace lily

2 peace = harmony between individuals
pibell heddwch pipe of peace
byw mewn heddwch live in peace, live in harmony

3 peace = public order, absence of disturbances in society
cadw’r heddwch keep the peace
gwneud heddwch make peace
tarfu ar yr heddwch disturb the peace
torri’r heddwch disturb the peace

ynad heddwch justice of the peace = local magistrate who may issue warrants or open investigations into an offence; or may act as a judge in a court of petty sesions (where less serious criminal offences are tried)

4 peace = peace treaty
Heddwch Versailles Versailles Treaty

5 peace, tranquillity, stillness = lack of disturbance, noise
cysgu mewn heddwch sleep in peace

6 peace = freedom from demands, requests, orders, etc
Da chi, blant, rhowch funud o heddwch i mi
For goodness sake, children, give me a moment’s peace

7 peace of mind = untroubled mind, lack of troubling thoughts or feelings of guilt; easy conscience

(Bible) Nid oes heddwch i’r rhai annuwiol There’s no peace unto the wicked.

From the sentence in:
Eseia 57:21 Ni bydd heddwch, medd fy Nuw, i’r rhai annuwiol
Isaiah 57:21 There is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked.

heddwch cydwybod peace of mind (“peace (of) conscience”)

8 (Religion) peace = eternal rest
heddwch i’w henaid God rest her soul (“peace to her soul”)
heddwch i’w enaid God rest his soul
heddwch i’w llwch God rest her soul (“peace to her dust / mortal remains”)
heddwch i’w lwch God rest his soul
.....Dw i’n cofio mynd heibio i’r capel, a’r hen Owen Huws - heddwch i’w lwch - yn gofyn imi lle’r awn i
I remember going past the chapel, and old Owen Huws - God rest his soul - asking me where I was going

9 greeting in the Bible: peace be unto you; cf Hebrew “shalom (aleichem)” = peace (be with you)

Genesis 43:19 A hwy a nesasant at y gwr oedd olygwr ar dy Joseff; ac a lefarasant wrtho wrth ddrws y ty... (43:23) Yntau a ddywedodd, Heddwch i chwi; nac ofnwch: eich Duw chwi, a Duw eich tad, a roddes i chwi drysor yn eich sachau; daeth eich arian chwi ataf fi....
Genesis 43:19 And they came near to the steward of Joseph’s house, and they communed with him at the door of the house,... (43:23) And he said, Peace be to you, fear not: your God, and the God of your father, hath given you treasure in your sacks: I had your money....

10 (Bible) in parting dos mewn heddwch - go in peace

Samuel-1 1:17 Yna yr atebodd Eli, ac a ddywedodd, Dos mewn heddwch: a Duw Israel a roddo dy ddymuniad yr hwn a ddymunaist ganddo ef
Samuel-1 1:17 Then Eli answered and said, Go in peace: and the God of Israel grant thee thy petition that thou hast asked of him.

11 eisteddfod ceremony – the archdruid with a drawn sword asks the audience

A oes heddwch? (is there peace [in the land]?) in crowning or chairing ceremony -
expecting an affirmative reply (heddwch), and then the sword is sheathed

12 tor heddwch breach of the peace

ETYMOLOGY: (hedd = peace) + (-wch = suffix)

:_______________________________.

heddychol ‹he DHƏ khol› (adjective)
1 peaceful

:_______________________________.

heddychlon ‹he DHƏKH lon› (adjective)
1 peaceful

gwrthdystiad heddychlon a peaceful demonstration
:_______________________________.

hedegog ‹he DEE gog› (adj)

1 flying
gwiwer hedegog (f) gwiwerod hedegog flying squirrel
soser hedegog (f) soseri hedegog flying saucer
trychfilyn hedegog (m) trychfilod hedegog flying insect
pryf hedegog (m) pryfed hedegog (colloquial) flying insect
morgrugyn hedegog (m) morgrug hedegog flying ant

2 airborne
llygryddion hedegog airborne pollutants

:_______________________________.

hedfan ‹HED van› (verb)
1 to fly

2 Fuwch fach gota – glaw neu hindda?
Os daw glaw, cwympa o’m llaw;
Os daw haul, hedfana!
(Weather lore)
Ladybird – rain or fine weather?
If rain will come, fall from my hand
If sun will come, fly!

(The second person singular imperative is hedfan; generally in Welsh it is the same as the stem form of the verbnoun. Sometimes the stem form is the same as the verbnoun, as in the case of hedfan. But in recent times thers has been a tendency for the –a found in

3 Cleren o'r domen sy'n hedfan ucha “a fly from the dung heap flies highest” (said of someone of lowly beginnings who rises to a very prominent position)

:_______________________________.

hedydd ‹HEE-didh› feminine noun
1 clipped form of ehedydd = (Alauda arvensis) skylark, with the loss of the first syllable before the accented syllable (a very common feature in spoken Welsh)
Street name in Bangor: Brynhedydd for bryn ehedydd < bryn yr ehedydd “(the) hill (of) the skylark” (LL57 3HR)
NOTE: See: ehedydd

:_______________________________.

hedyn ‹HEE -din› masculine noun
PLURAL had, hadau ‹haad, HAA -de›
1 seed = plant ovule

2 pip = seed of certain fruits (apple, orange, etc)

3 small hard fruit of certain plants (such as wheat) which resemble seeds; had yd, also hadyd seed corn, corn kept for sowing

4 propagative part of plants in the form of a tuber, spore, bulb; tato had seed potatoes, potato tubers kept for planting;

5 seed = germ, beginning, embryo, nucleus (figurative)
hedyn crefydd newydd oedd y cwlt di-sail the baseless new cult was the seed of a new religion;
hadau anghydfod the seeds of discord

6 an inkling, an ounce, least amount
Pe bai yna hedyn ymarferol ynddo... If he had an ounce of practical sense... (if there was a practical seed in him...”)

7 seed; hadau carwe = caraway seeds, hadau gwair = grass seeds

8 seed = crystal to produce crystallization

9 (ni) hidio un haden = (not) care a damn (“not care one seed”)

10 South-west Wales hadyn (masculine noun), haden (feminine noun) flamboyant character, mischievous person

11 Bible seed = semen;

Genesis 38:9 Ac Onan a wybu nad iddo ei hun y byddai’r had (= teulu) ; Pan ele efe at ei wraig, yna y colle efe ei had ar y llawr, rhag rhoddi ohono had (= plant) i’w frawd And Onan knew that the seed should not be his, and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brother’s wife, that he spilled it on the ground, lest that he should give seed (= children) to his brother

12 Bible descendants, issue
had Abraham = the seed of Abraham

Salmau 25:12 Pa ŵr yw efe sydd yn ofni’r ARGLWYDD? efe a’i dysg ef yn y ffordd a ddewiso. 25:13 Ei enaid ef a erys mewn daioni: a’i had a etifedda y ddaear.
Psalms 25:12 What man is he that feareth the LORD? him shall he teach in the way that he shall choose. 25:13 His soul shall dwell at ease; and his seed shall inherit the earth.

13 hau hadau gwylltion sow one’s wild oats = be adventurous and promiscuous in one’s youth (“sow wild seeds”)

14 gwely hadau seedbed = place where seedlings are grown before being transplanted
An alternative form in South Wales is pâm hadau

15 comparisons: mor lluosog â had mwstard (“as numerous as mustard seeds”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *sat- < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish haz = seed, had = seed.
The related Germanic root sât- gave Old English “sääd”, modern English seed, German Saat

NOTE: the singular forms are based on the plural (or more strictly speaking, collective) had (= seeds); the suffix -yn is added.

Thus, hedyn (= seed), with the normal affection of the ‘a’ under the influence of the ‘y’ of the suffix.

However in the south the form is hadyn – in south Wales in many words the affection doesn’t occur.
In some dialects in Wales also haden (a form with the feminine diminutive suffix -en) .

In addition to the plural had, there is a double plural hadau

:_______________________________.

hefyd ‹HEE vid› (adverb)
1 also
2 a hefyd and also...
Sometimes found incorrectly as ac hefyd

Colloquially there are clipped forme ´fyd, èd

:_______________________________.

heibio ‹HEIB yo› (adverb)
1 past
2 bwrw'r amser heibio while away the time
3 troi heibio ward off
troi perygl heibio ward off danger
troi heibio ddyrnodau (rhywun) ward off (somebody’s) blows

:_______________________________.

heicio ‹HEIK-yo› verb
1 to hike
2 clwb heicio hiking club

ETYMOLOGY: English to hike; origin unknown

:_______________________________.

heiciwr ‹HEIK-yur› masculine noun
PLURAL heicwyr ‹ HEIK -wir›
1 hiker = person who walks long distances for recreation

ETYMOLOGY: (heic-i-, stem of heicio = to hike) + (-wr, agent suffix, ‘man’)

:_______________________________.

heidden ‹HEI-dhen › feminine noun
PLURAL haidd ‹HAIDH›
1 barleycorn, grain of barley

2 Siôn Heidden John Barleycorn, personification of malt spirits or of alcohol in general

3 gwneud clust fel hwch mewn haidd prick up your ears (“make (an) ear like (a) sow in barley”)

4 haidd perlog pearl barley

5 cae haidd barley field
Cae-haidd street name in Llanymynech (county of Powys) (“Cae Haidd”)

ETYMOLOGY: (heidd- penult form of haidd = barley) + (-yn suffix added to nouns to make a singular form out of a collective noun or plural noun)
Breton heizhenn (= grain of barley)

:_______________________________.

heidio ‹HEID yo› (verb)
1 to flock

ETYMOLOGY: (heid- penult form of haid = flock) + (-io verbal suffix)

:_______________________________.

heini ‹HEI ni› (adjective)
1 agile

:_______________________________.

heitgar ‹ HEIT -gar› adjective
1 gregarious, fond of company

ETYMOLOGY: 1900+; heitgar < héid-gar (haid = flock, crowd) + (-gar suffix for forming adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru = to love)

:_______________________________.

hel ‹HEL › (verb)
North Wales

1 send (in the South, the corresponding form is hala ‹HA-la›)

2 collect, gather
hel mêl i’r cwch feather one’s nest = make oneself comfortable financially (implies thinking only of oneself, ignoring the well-being of others) (“gather honey to the hive”)

3 hel gwynt i sachau try to do the impossible (“gather wind into sacks”)

4 in expressions meaning to ‘go off’
...a/ hel eich carcas (North Wales) ‹hel əkh kar-kas› “gather your carcass”
.......... Hel dy garcas oddi yma! = Get lost! Be off with you!

...b/ hel eich cymalau (North Wales) walk, get moving (“gather your joints”)

...c/ hel eich traed (“gather one's feet”) go away, go off
..........Rhaid imi hel ’nhraed I must be going, It’s time for me to go

5 ymhél â (rhywbeth) become involved with (something)
(ym- = reflexive prefix ) + (hel- = to send, to gather)

Colloquial forms: ymél, ’mhel; ymhela, ’mela; ymhelach, ymelach, ’melach
:_______________________________.

hela <HE-la> [ˡhɛla] (verb)
1 to hunt
2 hela claps to gossip

:_______________________________.

helbul <HEL-bil> [ˡhɛlbɪl] masculine noun
PLURAL helbulon <hel-BII-lon> [hɛlˡbiˑlɔn]
1 trouble, affliction, problem

Byddai y cymydogion yn dyweud eu helbulon iddi fel plant yn siarad â'u mam
The neighbours would explain their problems to her like children talking to their mother

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

heledd <HEE-ledh> [ˡheˑlɛð] (f)
PLURAL heleddau <he-LEE-dhai, -e> [hɛˡleˑðaɪ, -ɛ]
1 salt pit

See Yr Heledd-ddu, Yr Heledd-wen below

:_______________________________.

Heledd <HEE-ledh> [ˡheˑlɛð]
1 Ynysoedd Heledd (Scotland / Yr Alban) The Hebrides

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

Heledd <HEE-ledh> [ˡheˑlɛð] (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name

:_______________________________.

Yr Heledd-ddu <ər HEE-ledh DHII> [ər ˡheˑlɛð ˡðiː] (feminine noun)
1 Northwich, Cheshire



(delwedd 4295)

ETYMOLOGY: “the black salt pit” (yr definite article) + (heledd = salt pit) + soft mutation + (du = black)

:_______________________________.

Yr Heledd-wen <ər HEE-ledh WEN> [ər ˡheˑlɛð ˡwɛn] (feminine noun)
1 Northwich, Cheshire



(delwedd 4294)

ETYMOLOGY: “the white salt pit”

(yr definite article) + (heledd = salt pit) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white)

:_______________________________.

Helen <HEE-len> [ˡheˑlɛn]
1 Helen (woman’s name)

2 variant of Elen Luyddog (“Elen of the Hosts”) from a noble family in Segontium (Caernarfon). She married Macsen Wledig (Magnus Maximus), born in the Iberian peninsula, who became commander of the Roman army in Britain and who in AD 383 went to Rome where he deposed Gratian and made himself Emperor, and became a Christian. It is said that Elen returned to Wales after Macsen’s death five years later, in AD 388.

The tale is preserved in “Breuddwyd Macsen Wledig” (“the dream of Magnus (the) leader”) , written down around 1400 and forming part of the collection of twelve medieval Welsh tales known as the “Mabinogion”.

3 Sarn Helen name given to several sections of Roman road e.g. a section of Roman road north and south of Y Banwen (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1002617 Sarn Helen near Cellan, Ceredigion SN6448
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1226412 Sarn Helen near Llan-y-crwys, county of Caerfyrddin SN8447

:_______________________________.

helfa <HEL-va> [ˡhɛlva] feminine noun
PLURAL helféydd <hel-VEIDH> [hɛlˡvəɪð]
1 hunting ground

2 hunt = the finding, chasing and killing of an animal or bird

yn ystod yr helfa during the hunt

helfa lwynogod North Wales foxhunt

helfa gadnóid South Wales foxhunt

helfa abwyd drag hunt, hunt in which hounds follow a trail previously marked with a object scented with aniseed dragged along the ground (“hunt (of) bait”)

3 hunt = a group organised to pursue and kill an animal or bird

Cyfarfu llawer o helfeydd ar hyd a lled Cymru rhwng y Nadolig a Dydd Calan
Many hunts met all over Wales between Christmas and New Year’s Day

4 catch, haul; amount of animals / birds / fish caught

cael helfa dda catch a good quantity, do well (hunting, fishing) (“get a good hunt / catch”)

helfa o bysgod a catch of fish

tri brithyllyn braf oedd ein helfa erbyn hyn
By now our catch amounted to three fine trout

Genesis 27:3 Ac yn awr cymer, atolwg, dy offer, dy gawell saethu, a’th fwa, a dos allan i’r maes, a hela i mi helfa
Genesis 27:3 Now therefore take, I pray thee, thy weapons, thy quiver and thy bow, and go out to the field, and take me (some) venison;

Luc 5:4 A phan beidiodd â llefaru, efe a ddywedodd wrth Simon, Gwthia i’r dwfn, a bwriwch eich rhwydau am helfa
Luke 5:4 Now when he had left speaking, he said unto Simon, Launch out into the deep, and let down your nets for a draught.

5 activity of looking for and picking fruits ; amount of fruit picked

ar yr helfa gyntaf on the first search (for blackberries, etc)

6 round-up = bringing together of scattered cattle

7 haul = thief’s booty

Fe fu’n teulu ni yn ysglyfaeth i’r giwed anweledig sawl tro. Radio y car a’r olwyn sbâr fu’r helfa ddiweddaraf
Our family was the target of the invisible rabble on many occasions. The car radio and a spare wheel was the latest haul

8 North Wales telling off, rebuke, scolding

ETYMOLOGY: (hel-, root of hel = to hunt) + (fa, noun suffix denoting an action)

:_______________________________.

helfa dafarnau <HEL-va da-VAR-nai, -e> [ˡhɛlva daˡvarnaɪ, -ɛ] feminine noun
PLURAL helféydd tafarnau <hel-VEIDH ta-VAR-nai, -e> [hɛlˡvəɪð taˡvarnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 pub crawl, the act of going from one pub after another to drink in each one
(cf go on a pub crawl - hel tafarnau, crwydro tafarnau, mynd o dafarn i dafarn)

ETYMOLOGY: (helfa = hunt) + soft mutation + (tafarnau = taverns, plural of tafarn = tavern)

:_______________________________.

helfa ddewiniaid <HEL-va dheu-IN-yaid, -yed> [ˡhɛlva ðɛʊˡɪnjaɪd, -ɛd] feminine noun
PLURAL helféydd dewiniaid <hel-VEIDH-deu IN-yaid, -ed> [hɛlˡvəɪð dɛʊˡɪnjaɪd, -ɛd]
1 witch hunt, search for supposed witches in order to exterminate them and free people from the ills they are said to have caused

ETYMOLOGY: (helfa = hunt) + soft mutation + (dewiniaid = sorcerers, plural of dewin = sorcerer)

:_______________________________.

helfa drysor <HEL-va-DRƏ-sor> [ˡhɛlva ˡdrəsɔr] feminine noun
PLURAL helféydd trysor <hel-VEIDH TRƏ-sor> [hɛlˡvəɪð ˡtrəsɔr]
1 treasure hunt; a game where a ‘treasure’ or prize is hidden; a seeker of the prize starts with a clue which leads him / her to a place where a there is a note with a second clue; after finding a series of clues, the seeker arrives finally at the place where the prize is hidden;
bod ar helfa drysor to be on a treasure hunt

ETYMOLOGY: (helfa = hunt) + soft mutation + (trysor = treasure)

:_______________________________.

helfa gadnóid <HEL-va gad-NOO-id> [ˡhɛlva gadˡnoˑɪd] feminine noun
PLURAL helféydd cadnóid <hel-VEIDH-kad-NOO-id> [hɛlˡvəɪð kadˡnoˑɪd]
1 South Wales foxhunt = the pursuit of a fox by hunters on horseback and a pack of hounds in order to kill it for the pleasure of taking part in the chase and observing the death of the fox

ETYMOLOGY: (helfa = hunt) + soft mutation + (cadnóid = foxes, plural of cadno = fox)

:_______________________________.

helfa lwynogod <HEL-va lui-NOO-god> [ˡhɛlva lʊɪˡnoˑgɔd] feminine noun
PLURAL helféydd llwynogod <hel-VEIDH lui-NOO-god> [hɛlˡvəɪð lʊɪˡnoˑgɔd]
1 North Wales foxhunt = the pursuit of a fox by hunters on horseback and a pack of hounds in order to kill it for the pleasure of taking part in the chase and observing the death of the fox

ETYMOLOGY: (helfa = hunt) + soft mutation + (llwynogod = foxes, plural of llwynog = fox)

:_______________________________.

helfarch <HEL-varkh> [ˡhɛlvarx] masculine noun
PLURAL helfeirch <HEL-veirkh> [ˡhɛlvəɪrx]
1 (literary) hunter = horse for hunting

ETYMOLOGY: (hel-, stem of hela = to hunt) + soft mutation + (march = horse)

:_______________________________.

Helfetaidd <hel-VE-taidh, -edh> [hɛlˡvɛtaɪð, -ɛð] adjective
1 Helvetian, Swiss

ETYMOLOGY: (Helfet-, root of Helfetia (= Helvetia, Switzerland)) + (-aidd, adjectival suffix)

:_______________________________.

Helfetia <hel-VET-ya> [hɛlˡvɛtja] feminine noun
1 Helvetia [hel-vii-shə] = name of an Alpine region in Roman times corresponding to the north and western part of present-day Switzerland
2 Helvetia = Latin name for Switzerland (eg used on postage stamps)

ETYMOLOGY: Latin Helvetî (= name of a Celtic people of south-east Gaul)

:_______________________________.

helfeydd <hel-VEIDH> [hɛlˡvəɪð] plural
1 hunts; see helfa = hunt

:_______________________________.

helger <HEL-ger> [ˡhɛlgɛr] masculine or feminine noun
1 dispute, argument; fuss, bother; metathesised form of hergel (qv)

Ar ôl yr holl helger am golli ei waled, dyna fe yn ei ffindio yn ei siaced arall
After all the bother about losing his wallet, he found it in his other jacket

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh helger < hergel < obsolete English argle (= dispute)

:_______________________________.

helgi <HEL-gi> [ˡhɛlgɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL helgwn <HEL-gun> [ˡhɛlgʊn]
1 hunting dog, hound
2 haid o helgwn pack of hounds

ETYMOLOGY: (hel-, stem of hela = to hunt) + soft mutation + (ci = dog)

:_______________________________.

helgig <HEL-gig> [ˡhɛlgɪg] masculine noun
PLURAL helgigoedd <hel-GII-goidh, -odh> [hɛlˡgiˑgɔɪð], -ɔð]
1 game

2 trwydded helgig game licence, licence to sell meat from hunting

ETYMOLOGY: (hel-, stem of hela = to hunt) + soft mutation + (cig = meat)

:_______________________________.

helgwn <HEL-gun> [ˡhɛlgʊn] plural
1 hounds, hunting dogs; see helgi = hound, hunting dog

:_______________________________.

heli <HEE-li> [ˡheˑlɪ] masculine noun
1 brine, salt water
bwrw heli i'r môr do something which is completely pointless (“throw brine into the sea”)

2 sea water, sea

Maesyrheli street name in Aberaeron “(the) field (of) the sea”, field next to the sea

Maes-heli < maes yr heli street name in Aberystwyth

Craigheli house name, Pont-rhyd-y-bont, Ynys Môn (“Craig-heli”) craig yr heli “(the) rock (of) the sea”, rock overlooking the sea”

Hafodheli house name, Pont-rhyd-y-bont, Ynys Môn (“Hafod Heli”) hafod yr heli “(the) summer place (of) the sea”, “summer place overlooking the sea”

3 morfa heli salt marsh = ground which is covered with salt water from time to time and has phalocytic vegetation

4 mor hallt â'r heli very salty ‘as salty as brine’
cyn hallted â heli cig moch very salty ‘as salty as (the) brine (for salting) pork’

5 pwll heli oceanarium = large aquarium for marine life

6 pwll heli brine pool, salt pool

Pwllheli (SH3735) locality in the county of Gwynedd

Llifai’r llanw i‘r man isel, y Gors, sydd rhwng Stryd King’s Head a Phentrepoeth, i roi ini’r “pwll heli”
Ar Hyd Ben ‘Rallt / Elfed Gruffydd / Llyfrau Llafar Gwlad / Rhif 42 / Gwasg Carreg Walch, Llanrwst / 1991 / tudalen 99
The tide flowed into the low-lying spot, Y Gors (“the marsh”), between King’s Head Street and Pentre-poeth, to give us the “pwll heli” (brine pool)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh heli < British *salî < *sal (= salt, saltwater) < Celtic

:_______________________________.

heliwr ‹HEL-yur› [ˡhɛljʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL helwyr ‹HEL-wir› [ˡhɛlwɪr]
1 hunter, huntsman

2 Tafarn yr Heliwr tavern in Nefyn, in English “the Sportsman Inn”

“(the) tavern (of) the hunter”

ETYMOLOGY: (hel-, stem of hela = to hunt) + soft mutation + (cig = meat)

:_______________________________.

helltni <HELHT-ni> [ˡhɛɬtnɪ] masculine noun
1 saltiness

ETYMOLOGY: (hallt = salt) + (-ni suffix); the final ‹i› has caused the change ‹a› > ‹e›, which is characteristic in Welsh (vowel affection)

:_______________________________.

helm <HELM> [hɛlm] (f)
PLURAL helmau <HEL-mai> [ˡhɛlmaɪ]
1 helmet

Samuel-1 27:5 A helm o bres ar ei ben, a llurig emog a wisgai: a phwys y llurig oedd bum mil o siclau pres.

Samuel-1 27:5 And he had an helmet of brass upon his head, and he was armed with a coat of mail; and the weight of the coat was five thousand shekels of brass.

Jeremeia 46:4 Cenglwch y meirch, ac ewch arnynt; sefwch yn eich helmau, gloywch y gwaywffyn, gwisgwch y llurigau
Jeremiah 46:4 Harness the horses; and get up, ye horsemen, and stand forth with your helmets; furbish the spears, and put on the brigadines

NOTE: The modern Welsh word is helmed, helmedi / helmedau

ETYMOLOGY: Middle English helm (= helmet) < Old English.
Related to Old English helan (= to cover), German hüllen (= to wrap, to shroud, to envelope)

Cf German der Helm (= helmet), Dutch helm (= helmet)

:_______________________________.

helm (helem) <HELM, HEE-lem> [hɛlm, ˡheˑlɛm] (f)
PLURAL helmi, helmydd <HEL-mi, HEL-midh> [ˡhɛlmɪ, ˡhɛlmɪð]

1 corn stack

2 (Ceredigion) Mae hi fel helem (said of a fat woman) She’s immense (“she’s like a corn stack”)

3 Pencaerhelem SN9953 A farm near Cilmeri, Powys

pen cae’r helem “(the) top / end / edge (of) Cae’r Helem”
cae’r helem “(the) field (of) the corn stack”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1056190

.........................

Maesyrhelem SO0875 Farm south-west of Llanbadarn Fynydd, Powys
maes yr helem “(the) field (of) the corn stack”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/154485

ETYMOLOGY: Probably helm (= helmet), used metaphorically.

NOTE: The Dialect of the West of England Particularly Somersetshire by James Jennings 1869. Helm. s[ubstantive] Wheat straw prepared for thatching.
(Though identical in form, the meaning of this word, noted in 1869, is not the same as that of the Welsh word; it is probably an unrelated word)

NOTE: South-east Wales – helmau > ’elma

:_______________________________.

helm <HELM> [hɛlm] (f)
PLURAL helmydd, helmau <HEL-midh, HEL-mai> [ˡhɛlmɪð, ˡhɛlmaɪ]

1 open hayshed (a shed for storing hay having no walls – merely four corner posts and a roof)

ETYMOLOGY: Dialect English helm (= a shed in a field; hut)

:_______________________________.

hel merched (North Wales) <hel MER-khed> [hɛl ˡmɛrxɛd] (verb)
1 be a ladies’ man

:_______________________________.

helo <HE-lo> [ˡhɛlɔ] (phrase)
1 hello

:_______________________________.

help <HELP> [hɛlp] (masculine noun)
1 help

:_______________________________.

helpu <HEL-pi> [ˡhɛlpɪ] (verb)
1 to help

2 -Allwch chi fy helpu os gwelwch yn dda?
-Galla, siŵr o fod
-Can you help me?
-Yes, certainly

:_______________________________.

helpu eich corff / helpu’ch corff <HEL-pikh KORF> [ˡhɛlpɪx ˡkɔrf]
1 defecate

Yr oedd Ysgol heb fod ymhell o'r dre a'r plant yn helpu eu cyrff mewn pwcedi budron; nid oedd gan y Cyngor arian i roi 'water closet' i'r plant ond eto yn medru gwario i gael Tywysog o Sais i'r dref
Cerddi ac Atgofion Twm Bethel, T H Jones, 1976, tudalen 41
There was a school not far from the town where the children defecated in dirty buckets, the Council had no money to give the children a ‘water closet’ and yet was able to spend to bring an English price to the town

ETYMOLOGY: “help your body” (helpu = help) + (eich = your) + (corff = body)

:_______________________________.

Helygain <he-LƏ-gain, -gen> [hɛˡləgaɪn, -ɛn]
1 (SJ2171) locality in the county of Y Fflint, 5km south-east of Treffynnon

Local form: Lygan <LƏ-gan> [ˡləgan] with the loss of the first syllable, and with final <ai> [aɪ] > <a> [a] , a peculiarity of the county of Y Fflint and which is more characteristic of the dialect of the north-west. The county of Y Fflint is in north-east Wales, the majority of which has <ai> [aɪ] > <e> [ɛ]
English name: Halkyn

2 a parish at this place

3 (SJ1872) Mynydd Helygain high land west of Helygain, with remains of lead mines and quarries
English name: Halkin Mountain

4 SJ2072 Pentre Helygain hamlet 1 km north-west of Helygain on the road to Treffynnon

5 Maeslygan (“(the) field (of) Helygain”) name of a street (“Maes Lygan”) in the village of Pentrehelygain
(Lygan <LƏ-gan> [ˡləgan] is the local form of Helygain)

ETYMOLOGY: ??
NOTE: In this part of the north-east a final <e> [ɛ] becomes <a> [a] , as in the north-west; thus, Helygain <he-LƏ-gain> [hɛˡləgaɪn] > Helygen <he-LƏ-gen> [hɛˡləgɛn] > (He)lygan <(he-)LƏ-gan> [(hɛ)ˡləgan]

:_______________________________.

helygen <he-LƏ-gen> [hɛˡləgɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL helyg <HEE-lig> [ˡheˑlɪg]
1 (Salix alba) willow, wilow tree
pren helyg (m) (prennau helyg) willow tree
coeden helyg (f) (coed helyg) willow tree
helygen y gwinllannoedd willow tree (“willow of the plantations”)

2 helygen wylofus (Salix babylonica) weeping willow, Asian willow tree with drooping branches

3 llwyn helyg willow grove, willow bed
helyglwyn willow grove, willow bed

4 Dôlhelyg < dôl yr helyg (“(the) river-meadow (of) the willows”)
Street name, Tal-y-bont, by Bangor (Gwynëdd)
Also dryw'r helyg “wren (of) the willow trees”

5 telor yr helyg (Phylloscopus trochilus) willow warbler “warbler (of) the willow trees”
Also dryw'r helyg “wren (of) the willow trees”

6 corhelygen (corhelyg)
(Salix repens) creeping willow

“dwarf hazel tree” (cor- prefix = dwarf, small) + (helygen = hazel tree)

7 helygen Awstria
(Salix mielichhoferi)
Austrian willow

8 helygen aflymddail
(Salix retusa)
retuse-leaved willow

9 helygen amhéus
(Salix ambigua)
ambiguous willow

10 helygen Apua
(Salix crataegifolia)
Apuan willow

11 helygen ariannaidd
(Salix argentea)
silky sand willow

12 helygen aur
(Salix alba var. vitellina)
golden willow

13 helygen Bábilon
(Salix babylonica)
weeping willow
See: helygen wylofus

14 helygen Bedford
(Salix fragilis var. russelliana)
Bedford willow
See: helygen y Dug

15 helygen beraroglaidd
(Salix pentandra)
bay willow (also laurel-leaved willow, sweet willow)

16 helygen bêr (helyg pêr)
(Salix pentandra)
bay willow (also laurel-leaved willow)
See: helygen beraroglaidd

17 helygen borffor (helyg porffor)
(Salix daphnoides)
violet willow

18 helygen dail llus
(Salix myrsinifolia)
whortle-leaved willow (“willow (of) leaves (of) bilberries”)

19 helygen dail-te
(Salix phylicifolia)
Tea-leaved willow (“willow (of) leaves (of) tea”)

20 helygen ddu (helyg duon)
(Salix triandra)
almond willow (“black willow”)
See: helygen trigwryw

21 helygen ddu (helyg duon)
(Salix nigra) (“black willow”)
black willow

22 helygen drigwryw hirddail (helyg trigwryw hirddail)
(Salix triandra) almond willow
See: helygen trigwryw

23 helygen drigwryw (helygen trigwryw)
(Salix triandra)
almond willow, long-leaved triandrous willow, French willow (“three-male willow”)

24 helygen dywyll (helyg tywyll)
(Salix nigricans)
dark-leaved willow

25 helygen euraidd
(Salix alba ssp. vitellina)
golden willow (“golden willow”)

26 helygen fach y mynydd (helyg bach y mynydd)
(Salix arbuscula)
Mountain willow (“(the) little willow (of) the upland”)

27 helygen fân-ddanheddog (helyg mân-ddanheddog)
(Salix breviserrata)
finely-toothed willow

28 helygen fan-flewog (helyg man-flewog)
(Salix lapponum)
downy willow or Lapland willow
See: helygen wlanog hirddail

29 helygen felen (helyg melyn)
(Salix alba ssp. vitellina)
golden willow (“yellow willow”)
See: helygen euraidd

30 helygen Ffrengig
(Salix triandra)
almond willow (“French willow”)
See: helygen trigwryw

31 helygen flodeuog (helyg blodeuog)
(Chilopsis linearis)
desert willow (“flowery willow”)
See: helygen yr anialwch

32 helygen foel (helyg moelion)
(Salix glabra)
hairless willow (“bald / hairless willow”)

33 helygen frau (helyg brau)
(Salix fragilis var fragilis)
crack willow or brittle willow (“brittle willow”)

34 helygen fyrtwydd
(Salix myrsinites)
whortle-leaved willow (“willow (of) mulberry trees”)

35 helygen gam (helyg ceimion)
(Salix matsudana)
contorted willow (“bent willow”)

36 helygen glec (helyg clec)
See: helygen frau (helyg brau)
(Salix fragilis var fragilis)
Crack willow (“snap willow / crack willow”)

37 helygen glustiog (helyg clustiog)
(Salix aurita)
dwarf-eared willow (“eared willow”)
See: helygen Grynglustiog

38 helygen gochlas (helyg cochlas)
(Salix purpurea)
purple willow (“purple willow, reddish-blue willow”)

39 helygen grynddail fwyaf (helyg crynddail mwyaf)
(Salix caprea)
goat willow

40 helygen grynglustiog
(Salix aurita)
eared willow (“round-eared willow”)

41 helygen Gymreig
(Salix fragilis var decipiens)
Welsh willow (“Welsh willow”)

42 helygen hirddail
(Salix calodendron)
long-leaved willow (“long-leaved willow”)

43 helygen Lagger
(Salix laggeri)
Laggers willow (“willow (of) Lagger”)

44 helygen las (helyg gleision)
(Salix alba var. caerulea)
Cricket-bat willow (“blue willow”)

45 helygen las (helyg gleision)
(Salix glauca)
bluish willow (“blue willow”)

46 helygen lasddeiliog (helyg glasddeiliog)
(Salix caesia)
blue-leaved willow

47 helygen leiaf (helyg lleiaf)
(Salix herbacea)
least willow or dwarf willow

48 helygen Llychlyn
(Salix polaris)
polar willow
See: helygen yr Arctig

49 helygen lusddail
(Salix myrsinifolia)
whortle-leaved willow
See: helygen dail llus

51 helygen lwyd (helyg llwydion)
(Salix cinerea subsp cinerea)
grey willow (“grey willow”)

52 helygen lwydwen (helyg llwydwynion)
(Salix elaeagnes syn. Candida)
hoary willow (“greyish-white willow”)

53 helygen olewydd-ddail
(Salix cinerea subsp oleifolia)
rusty willow (“willow (og) olive-tree leaves)”)

54 helygen rwydog (helyg rhwydog)
(Salix reticulata)
net-leaved willow, netted willow (“meshed willow, neted willow”)

55 helygen sawr
(Salix pentandra)
bay willow (also laurel-leaved willow) (“black (of) perfume”)
See: helygen beraroglaidd

56 helygen sidanaidd y tywyn
See: helygen ariannaidd
(Salix argentea)
silky sand willow (“silvery willow”)

57 helygen sidanaidd
(Salix glaucoserica)
silky willow (“silky willow”)

58 helygen stipylog
(Salix hastata) (“stipuled willow”)
large-stipuled willow

59 helygen sur
(Salix alba ssp. vitellina)
golden willow (“sour willow”)

60 See: helygen euraidd
helygen wen (helyg gwynion)
(Salix alba)
White willow (“white willow”)

61 helygen werdd
(Salix x rubra)
green-leaved willow (“green willow”)

62 helygen werddlas (helyg gwyrddleision)
(Salix alba var. caerulea)
cricket-bat willow (“greenish-blue willow”)
See: helygen las

63 helygen wiail (helyg gwiail)
(Salix viminalis)
osier willow or water willow (“willow (of) switches / rods”)

64 helygen wlanog hirddail
(Salix lapponum)
downy willow (“woolly long-leaved willow”)

65 helygen wlanog (helyg gwlanog)
(Salix lanata)
woolly willow (“woolly willow”)

66 helygen wydn (helyg gwydn)
(Salix caprea)
goat willow (“tough willow”)
See: helygen grynddail fwyaf

67 helygen wylofus
(Salix babylonica)
weeping willow (“weeping willow”)

68 helygen wylofus euraidd
(Salix chrysocoma)
golden weeping willow (“golden weeping willow”)

69 helygen y cŵn
(Salix repens)
creeping willow (“willow-tree (of) the dogs”)
See: corhelygen (corhelyg)

70 helygen y Dug
(Salix fragilis var. russelliana)
Bedford willow (“willow-tree (of) the Duke”)

71 helygen y fydwraig
See: helygen leiaf (helyg lleiaf)
(Salix herbacea)
least willow (“willow (of) the midwife”)

72 helygen y geifr
(Salix caprea)
goat willow (“willow (of) the goats”)
See: helygen grynddail fwyaf

73 helygen y gors
(Salix discolor)
pussy willow (“willow (of) the bog”)

74 helygen y mynydd
(Salix arbuscula)
mountain willow (“willow (of) the upland / the mountain”)
See: helygen fach y mynydd

75 helygen y Pyreneau (efallai “y Pirinéw” fuasai’n well ewn Cymráeg, fel y mae’r gair yn Gatalaneg)
(Salix pyrenaica)
Pyrenean willow (“willow (of) the Pyrenees”)

76 helygen y Swistir
(Salix Helvetica)
Swiss willow (“willow (of) Switzerland”)

77 helygen yr afon
(Salix fluviatilis)
river willow (“willow (of) the river”)

78 helygen yr Alpau
(Salix hegetschweileri)
Alpine willow (“willow (of) the Alps”)

79 helygen yr anialwch
(Chilopsis linearis)
desert willow or flowering willow (“willow (of) the desert”)

80 helygen yr Arctig
(Salix polaris)
polar willow (“willow (of) the Arctic”)

81 merhelygen (merhelyg)
(Salix alba ssp. vitellina)
golden willow
See: helygen euraidd

83 crogi'ch telyn ar yr helyg hang your harp on the willows, stop doing some activity

rhoi'r delyn ar yr helyg stop doing some activity (“put the harp on the willows”)

Psalmau: 137:1 Wrth afonydd Babilon, yno ye eisteddasom, ac wylasom, pan feddyliasom am Seion. (2) Ar yr helyg o'u mewn y crogasom ein telynau.
(3) Canys yno y gofynnodd y rhai a'n caethiwasent i ni gân; a'r rhai a'n hanrheithiasai, lawenydd, gan ddywedyd, Cenwch i ni rai o ganiadau Seion.
(4) Pa fodd y canwn gerdd yr Arglwydd mewn gwlad ddieithr?
Psalms 137:1 By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept, when we remembered Zion. (2) We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof.
(3) For there they that carried us away captive required of us a song; and they that wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion.
(4) How shall we sing the Lord's song in a strange land?

Un gwael iawn am lunio englyn oeddwn, ac felly rhoddais y delyn honno ar yr helyg
I was very bad at composing 'englyn' verses and so I gave that up (“I hung that harp on the willows”)

84 Occurs as an epithet in Middle Welsh Ieuan Helyg 1390

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish heligenn (= willow tree), Breton halegann (= willow tree),

From the same Celtic root: Irish saileach (= willow tree), Scottish seileach (= willow tree)
Manks sallagh, shellagh (= willow tree)

:_______________________________.

helynt, helyntion <HE-lint, he-LƏNT-yon> [ˡhɛlɪnt, hɛˡləntjɔn] (masculine noun)
1 trouble
Fe fydd hi’n helynt nawr! The fat is in the fire now! Ther’ll be trouble now!

2 Dyna beth yw helynt! We’re in trouble now! We’re in bother now! We’re in a real mess now! We’re in for it now! (“that is what is trouble”)

3 llawer o helynt ynghylch dim a lot of fuss over nothing (“a lot of trouble about nothing!)

4 Helynt ni ddaw ei hunan It never rains but it pours, Troubles never come singly (“trouble never comes by itself / unaccompanied”)

5 mynd i helynt get into trouble

:_______________________________.

hemoffilia <he-mo-FIL-ya> [hɛmɔˡfɪlja] (masculine noun)
1 hemophilia (Englandic: haemophilia)

:_______________________________.

hemoglobin <he-mo-GLOO-bin> [hɛmoˑˡglɔbɪn] (masculine noun)
1 hemoglobin (Englandic: haemoglobin)

:_______________________________.

hen <HEEN> [heːn] (adjective)
1 old

2 hen dad-cu, hen dad-cuod <heen dad-KII, heen dad-KII-od> [heːn dadˡkiː, heː n dadˡkiˑɔd] (masculine noun) great grandfather

3 hen fam-gu, hen fam-guod <heen vam-GII, hen-vam-GII-od> [hɛn vamˡgiː, hɛn vamˡgiˑɔd] (feminine noun) great grandmother

4 Hen Wlad fy Nhadau <heen WLAAD və NHAA-dai> [heːn ˡwlɑːd və ˡnhadaɪ] (feminine noun) national anthem of Wales (the old land of my (fore)fathers)

5 hen ŵr <heen UUR> [heːn ˡuːr] (masculine noun) old man

6 hen ddigon more than enough
cael hen ddigon ar have just about enough of
(“get more than enough on”) (cael = get) + (hen = old; ‘more than’) + soft mutation + (digon = enough) + (ar = on)

7 (amounts)
Mae hen ddigon ohoni There’s enough and to spare, There’s more than enough of it (“there’s old sufficiency of it”)

hen ddigon more than enough

cael hen ddigon ar have just about enough of
(“get more than enough on”) (cael = get) + (hen = old; ‘more than’) + soft mutation + (digon = enough) + (ar = on)

8 hen yd y wlad country people, country folk (“old corn (of) the countryside”)

9 bod yn hen fel Adda to be as old as the hills (“be old like Adam”)

10 Angen a ddysg i hen redeg being in need can make people peform wonders (“need teaches the old people to run”)

11 hen ddihenydd old (like) death, old (like) fate; very old, as old as the hills.
(hen = old) + soft mutation + (ddihenydd = (obsolete word) end, fate) “old (as) fate”
In the 1588 translation of the Bible it appears in noun form - yr Hen Ddihenydd - in Daniel 7:9 as a name for God. The equivalent in the English Bible (1611) is the Ancient of Days
Daniel 7:9 Edrychais hyd oni fwriwyd i lawr y gorseddféydd, a'r Hen ddihenydd a eisteddodd: ei wisg oedd cyn wynned â'r eira, a gwallt ei ben fel gwlân pur
Daniel 7:9 I beheld till the thrones were cast down, and the Ancient of days did sit, whose garment was white as snow, and the hair of his head like the pure wool

Mae honna'n hen ddihenydd That (joke)'s as old as the hills

12 dwyn yr hen i dalu’r newydd to rob Peter to pay Paul (“steal the old to pay for the new”)
talu’r hen a dwyn y newydd to rob Peter to pay Paul (“pay for the old thing and steal the new thing”)

13 old = former, superseded

yr hen Sir Dyfed the former county of Dyfed (abolished in 1996)

Yr Hen Orsaf districte de Llanidloes (county of Powys) (“the old station”)

yr Hen ysgol (house name, for former school turned into a dwelling house)

14 byw yn ddigon hen i weld (rhywbeth) live to see (something), live long enough to see (something)

Yr oedd Lewis Lewis yn byw yn y ffermdy yn ymyl y capel presennol, ond nis gwyddom iddo fyw yn ddigon hen i’w weled
Lewis Lewis lived in the farmhouse next to the present chapel but we don’t know if he lived long enough to see it

15 (noun) an old person (in sayings)

Angen a ddysg i hen redeg being in need can make people perform wonders (“(it is) need (that) teaches (an) old (person) to run”)

Anodd diddyfnu hen “(it-is) hard (the) weaning (of) (an) old (person)” You can’t teach on old dog new tricks

16 in referring to something unpleasant, annoying

(North) Rhyw hen annwyd sy gen i It’s some cold I’ve caught somewhere

Roeddech chi’n ddigon gwirion i fynd allan i’r glaw heb got - does rhyfedd eich bod chi wedi dal yr hen annwyd ‘ma!
You were daft eough to go out into the rain without a coat – it’s no wonder you’ve caught that nasty cold

-Sut wyt ti y bore ’ma? –Ddim wedi bwrw’r hen anwyd ’ma ‘to

-How are you this morning? –I still haven’t got rid of this nasty cold

:_______________________________.

henaint <HEE-naint> [ˡheˑnaɪnt] (masculine noun)
1 old age
cynilo ar gyfer eich henaint save for your old age

2 dryswch henaint senile dementia (“confusion (of) old age”)
dioddef o ddryswch henaint suffer from senile dementia

:_______________________________.

henaint ni ddaw ei hun <HEE-naint ni DHAU i HIIN> [ˡheˑnaɪnt nɪ ˡðaʊ ɪ ˡhiːn] (phrase)
1 old age is accompanied by troubles (old age does not come alone)

:_______________________________.

hendref / hendre <HEN-drev, HEN-dre> [ˡhɛndrɛv, ˡhɛndrɛ]

PLURAL: hendrefi / hendrefydd <hen-DREE-vi, -vidh> [hɛnˡdreˑvɪ, hɛnˡdreˑvɪð] (f)
1 winter farmstead, lowland farmstead, permanent farmstead, main farmstead (contrasted with hafod, summer place, pasture and a shelter or dwelling in the uplands)

ETYMOLOGY: “old farmstead” i.e. the permanent farmstead (hen = old) + soft mutation + (tref = trêv, farmstead)

NOTE: hendref > hendre. Although the loss of a final f [v] in polysyllables is centuries old, the literary language maintians it. On maps howver the form is invariably hendre with no final [v]

:_______________________________.

Hendre-wen <HEN-dre-WEN> [hɛndrɛˡwɛn] (f)
1 locality in Bangor (Gwynedd).

ETYMOLOGY: yr hendre wen “the white (lowland) farmstead”, possibly “whitewashed (lowland) farmstead”.

(hendre = lowland farmstead) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white)

:_______________________________.

hendon <HEN-don> [ˡhɛndɔn] masculine noun
1 South-east Wales unploughed pasture land, old sward, old land

ETYMOLOGY: (hen = old) + soft mutation + (ton = pasture, grassland)

:_______________________________.

Heneglwys <hen-E-gluis> [hɛnˡɛglʊɪs] (f)
1 SH4276 village in Ynys Môn ).


ETYMOLOGY: (yr) hen eglwys “the old church” (hen = old) + (eglwys = church)
:_______________________________.

heneiddio <he-NEIDH-yo> [hɛˡnəɪðjɔ] (verb)
1 to get old, to age

:_______________________________.

Hen Ffordd <heen FORDH> [heːn ˡfɔrð]
1 farm name, Abergwyngregyn SH 6572 (county of Conwy), mentioned in the 1851 Census

ETYMOLOGY: yr hen ffordd “the old road” (yr definite article) + (hen = old) + (ffordd = road)
:_______________________________.

Henffordd <HEN-fordh> [ˡhɛnfɔrð] (feminine noun)
1 Hereford - town in England (literally ‘old road’, but in fact a Cymricisation of the English name meaning ‘army ford’).

The idea that the Welsh name Henffordd is the original name, of which Hereford is a distortion, is completely false.

:_______________________________.

henffych <HEN-fikh> [ˡhɛnfɪx] verb
1 hail!
Wele’n sefyll rhwng y myrtwydd / Wrthrych teilwng o’m holl fryd / Er o ran yr wy’n ei ’nabod / Ef uwchlaw gwrthrychau’r byd / Henffych fore! / Caf ei weled fel y mae
Behold standing among the myrtle trees / the worthy object of all my desire / Though I know him but partially / over the objects of the world / Hail to the morning! / I shall be able to see him as he is
(from the hymn “Cwm Rhondda”)

2 henffych well obsolete hail! salve! greetings! (“may you come better”, i.e. welcome)

3 Henffych Fair the Hail Mary, or Ave Maria, a prayer to the Virgin Mary based on the salutations to her by

(1) the archangel Gabriel in Luke 1:28, and

(2) Elizabeth in Luke 1:42

Luc 1:28 A’r angel a ddaeth i mewn ati, ac a ddywedodd, Henffych well, yr hon a gefaist ras; yr Arglwydd sydd gyda thi: bendigaid wyt ymhlith gwragedd
Luke 1:28 And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favoured, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.

Luc 1:42 A llefain a wnaeth â llef uchel, a dywedyd, Bendigedig wyt ti ymhlith gwragedd, a bendigedig yw ffrwyth dy groth di
Luke 1:42 And she spake out with a loud voice, and said, Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb

4 Henffych Fair, gyflawn o ras Hail Mary, full of grace .

5 henffych ddydd (“may (the) day come”), hasten the day

‘Daw Roberts ’nôl!’ O! henffych ddydd! ‘Roberts is coming back!’ O, hasten the day!
in a poem by Geraint Goch, Glan Cunllo (Cofiant y Tri Brawd / E Pan Jones / 1892 / t137)

ETYMOLOGY: henffych (= may you come); second person singular subjunctive of hanfod (= come), but in modern Welsh the verb is now hanu (= come, originate). Hanfod survives as a noun (= existence)

:_______________________________.

henflew <HEN-vleu> [ˡhɛnvlɛʊ] plural
1 coat = old hair shed by a moulting animal
bwrw eich henflew (animal) lose its hair
Mae’r gath yn bwrw ei henflew The cat’s losing its hair
Mae'r ci yn bwrw ei henflew The dog’s casting its coat

ETYMOLOGY: (hen = old) + soft mutation + (blew = hairs)

:_______________________________.

henfyd <HEN-VID> [ˡhɛnvɪd] masculine noun
1 ancient world
Persia’r henfyd ancient Persia (“Pèrsia (of) the ancient world”)

ETYMOLOGY: (hen = old, ancient) + soft mutation + (byd = world)

:_______________________________.

heniaith <HEN-yaith> [ˡhɛnjaɪθ] feminine noun
1 an old language, a longstanding language, a native language, an original language, an autochthonous language

Os treisiodd y gelyn fy ngwlad dan ei draed
Mae heniaith y Cymry mor fyw ag erioed
(Welsh national anthem) If the enemy subjugated my country under his feet
The old language of the Welsh people is as alive as ever

:_______________________________.

Henllan <HEN-lhan> [ˡhɛnɬan] feminine noun
1 SJ0168 village in the county of Dinbych
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/124505 Henllan

ETYMOLOGY: ‘old church’ (hen = old, ancient) + soft mutation + (llan = church) > *henlan > henllan

:_______________________________.

Henllennig Cynog <hen-LHE-nig KƏ-nog> [hɛnˡɬɛnɪg ˡkənɔg]
1 place name; alternative name for Llangynog in the county of Mynwy (English name: St Cynog’s Chapel)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘old church of Cynog’ (henllennig = old church) + (Cynog = saint’s name) henllennig < (henllann- < henllan = old church) + (-ig diminutive suffix)

The i in the final syllabe causes vowel affection in the penult sylllable a > e

:_______________________________.

henllug <HEN-lhig> [ˡhɛnɬɪg] feminine noun
South Wales
1 nightmare
cael yr henllug have a nightmare (“get the nightmare”)

ETYMOLOGY: This is very likely a variant of hunlle (= nightmare)
NOTE: cael yr henllug (standard form) > ca’l yr ’enllug (colloquial form)

:_______________________________.

heno <HEE-no> [ˡheˑnɔ] adverb
1 tonight
ar noson fel heno on a night like tonight

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh heno < henodd < henoedd < henoeth < henoith < British *se-nokti (= tonight) < *nokts (= night)
cf Latin nox, noct- (= night)

From the same British root: Breton henozh (= henoz, henoh), fenoz (= tonight);
From the same Hibernian root: Irish anocht (= tonight)

:_______________________________.

henoed <HEN-oid> [ˡhɛnɔɪd] (masculine noun)
1 old people

:_______________________________.

Henri <HEN-ri> [ˡhɛnrɪ] (masculine noun)
1 (male) Henry

:_______________________________.

henwan <HEN-wan> [ˡhɛnwan] adjective
1 old and decrepit

ETYMOLOGY: (hen = old) + soft mutation + (gwan = weak)

:_______________________________.

yr Hen Was <ər heen WAAS> [ər heːn ˡwɑːs] masculine noun
1 (North Wales) the Devil (“the old lad”)

ETYMOLOGY: (hen = old) + soft mutation + (gwas = boy)

:_______________________________.

henwendid <hen-WEN-did> [hɛnˡwɛndɪd] masculine noun
1 senility, decrepitude in old age

ETYMOLOGY: (hen = old) + soft mutation + (gwendid = feebleness)

:_______________________________.

heol, heolydd (hewl, hewlydd) <HEE-ol, he-OO-lidh; HEUL, HEUL-idh> [ˡheˑɔl, hɛˡoˑlɪð; hɛʊl, ˡhɛʊlɪð] (feminine noun)
1 road
cynnal heol maintain a road, keep a road in good repair.

Ma’n gwynto saith 'ewl (South) (= Mae e’n / Mae hi’n gwyntio saith heol) It stinks to high heaven (“it stinks (from) seven streets (away)”)

2 In street names, with the pattern (heol) + (soft mutation) + (personal name)
Some may be historical names; others new formations imitating these older names, since this mutation it is no longer in use with personal names in modern Welsh

..1/ Heol Fair (“(the) street (of) Mary”), Saint Mary Street
A street name in
....a/ Caer-dydd
....b/ Porth-cawl (county of Bro Morgannwg)

3 In street names, with the pattern (heol) + (soft mutation) + (place name)
Some may be historical names; others new formations imitating these older names, since this mutation it is no longer in use with place names in modern Welsh

..a/ Heol Dalycopa (“(the) street (of) Talycopa”) north of Pentre-dŵr, Llansamlet (county of Abertawe)

4 (North Wales) close, court, farmyard

In the north-east there are some place names Rhewl
yr heol > yr hewl > y rhewl

hewl is a colloquial variant; in some place names with an initial vowel, or “h” + initial vowel, the final “r” attaches itself to the following word

..a/ Rhewl (SJ1160) village on Afon Clywedog, 3km north-west of Rhuthin
Also “Rhewl Rhuthun” (“(the place called) Rhewl (which is near) Rhuthun”)

..b/ Rhewl (SJ1844) village in the county of Dinbych on the north bank of Afon Dyfrdwy 5km north-west of Llangollen
Also “Rhewl Langollen” (“(the place called) Rhewl (which is near) Langollen”)

..c/ Rhewl SJ3034 locality in Shropshire, England 5km north-east of Croesoswallt / Oswestry

..d/ Rhewl-fawr (SJ1581) localitat 3km al north-oest de Mostyn
Alternative name: Rhewl Mostyn (“(the place called) Rhewl (which is near) Mostyn”)

..e/ Rhewl - farm at Knolton SJ3738, (county of Wrecsam) 3 km south of Owrtyn SJ3741

Heol Uchaf farm name, Abergwyngregyn SH 6572 (county of Conwy), mentioned in the 1851 Census
yr heol uchaf “the upper farmyard”
(yr definite article) + (heol = farmyard) + (uchaf = upper)

NOTE:
Southern Welsh has ’ewl / hewl < heol.

Cf South Wales ewn < eon < eofn (= fearless, bold)

and in some places ews < eos (= nightingale)

:_______________________________.

heol bengaead, heolydd pengaead <HEE-ol / HEUL ben-GEI-ad, he-OO-lidh / heu-lidh pen-GEI-ad> [ˡheˑɔl / hɛʊl bɛnˡgəɪad, hɛˡoˑlɪð / hɛʊlɪð pɛnˡgəɪad] (feminine noun)
1 (“road with a closed end”) cul-de-sac

:_______________________________.

Yr Heol Fawr <ər HEE-ol / HEUL VAUR> [ ər heˑɔl / hɛʊl ˡvaʊr]
1 (street name) the High Street

2 Yr Heol Fawr (on signs usually without the definite article: Heol Fawr)

Heol Fawr would be the Welsh translation of various roads called ‘Main Road’ in the south (in the north, Stryd Fawr would be more usual)

(Some of these roads may have been originally ‘Heol Fawr’, which was translated into English; or they may have a different earlier Welsh name; or have another existing Welsh name)
Main Road, Abercynon (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Aberdulais (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Aberogwr (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Bryn-coch (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Cil-ffriw (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Creuant (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Dyffryncellwen (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Gartholwg (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Y Gilwern (county of Blaenau Gwent) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Maesycwmer (county of Caerffili) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Pen-rhiw-ceibr (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Pentre-poeth (county of Caer-dydd) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Pont-rhyd-y-fen (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Porthysgewin (county of Mynwy) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Ton-teg (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Tregatwg (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) Heol Fawr
Main Road, Waterston, Aberdaugleddau (county of Penfro) Heol Fawr

Heol Fawr would also be the Welsh translation of various roads called ‘Main Street’ in the south (in the north, Stryd Fawr would be more usual)

(Some of these roads may have been originally ‘Heol Fawr’, which was translated into English; or they may have a different earlier Welsh name; or have another existing Welsh name which is not officially recognised)
..1/ Main Street, Aber-gwaun (county of Penfro)
..2/ Main Street, Y Barri (county of Bro Morgannwg)
..3/ Main Street, Y Bontnewydd (county of Caerffili)
..4/ Main Street, Llangwm, Hwlffordd (county of Penfro)
..5/ Main Street, Penfro
..6/ Main Street, Solfach (county of Penfro)

ETYMOLOGY: yr heol fawr “the big road”
(yr = the) + (heol = road) + soft mutation + (mawr = big)

:_______________________________.

Yr Heol Felen <ər HEE-ol / HEUL VEE-len> [ ər heˑɔl / hɛʊl ˡveˑlɛn] feminine noun
1 “the yellow way”, name of a track in Llyswyrny, Bro Morgannwg

ETYMOLOGY: (yr = definite article) + (heol = way) + soft mutation + (melen, feminine form of melyn = yellow)

NOTE: The local form would be Yr ’Ewl Felan (though I presently have no confirmation of this);
(1) absence of initial h, a typical feature of south-eastern Welsh;
(2) ‹e› in a final syllable becomes ‹a›, another typìcal south-eastern feature

:_______________________________.

Yr Heol Ganol ‹heul ga-nol ›
1 Heol Ganol
Street name in
..a/ Bryn-mawr (county of Blaenau Gwent)
..b/ Caerffili
..c/ Nant-y-moel (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
..d/ Y Sarn (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

ETYMOLOGY: “middle road / middle street” (heol = road) + soft mutation + (canol = middle)

:_______________________________.

heol gefn, heolydd cefn ‹heul GE ven, heu lidh KE ven› (feminine noun)
1 back road (minor country road)

:_______________________________.

Heolgerrig ‹HEE-ol GE-rig› (feminine noun)
1 village near Merthyrtudful
ETYMOLOGY: yr heol gerrig “the stone road / the road (made of) stones” (heol = road) + soft mutation + (cerrig = stones, plural of garreg = stone)

NOTE: The local pronunciation would be ’Ewlgerrig ‹eul-GE-rig›
In south Wales generally heol has the colloquial form hewl; in south-east Wales initial ‘h’ was lost, hence hewl > ’ewl

:_______________________________.

Heol Glyn Dŵr ‹heul glin DUUR›
1 locality in Coed-poeth (county of Wrecsam) (“Heol Glyndwr”)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘Glyn Dŵr’s road’ (heol = road) + (Glyn Dŵr, = Owain Glyn Dŵr, popular name for Owain ap Gruffudd (1350-1416), leader of an uprising against the English civilian and military occupiers of Wales.
The conflict lasted for fifteen years (1400-1415).
His home was at Glyndyfrdwy, of which Glyn Dŵr is a contracted form.

:_______________________________.

Heol Goedog ‹heul goi-dog›
1 Street name in Cefncribwr (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

ETYMOLOGY: “wooded road” (heol = road) + soft mutation + (coedog = wooded, sheltered by trees)
It is a Southern form of coediog (= woody, sheltered by trees; stringy) In the south the consonantal i at the beginning of the final syllable is generally lost, and so the suffix -iog > -og

:_______________________________.

Heol Hir <HEE-ol HIIR>

1 road in Caer-dydd / Cardiff

ETYMOLOGY: yr heol hir “the long road” (yr definite article the) + (heol = road) + (hir = long)

NOTE: The usual pronunciation is Hewl Hir, which is how it is noted in 1756:

John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911):

1756. Coroner's Inquest taken at the house of Lewis Leyson, innkeeper, in the parish of Lanishan in the county aforesaid, 6 October 1755, before William Gibbon, Coroner, on view of the body of David Rees, found that the deceased, in a certain lane called Hewl hîr in the parish of Lanishan, as he was riding upon a horse before a wagon and oxen, and attempting to turn into a gate, fell down from his horse and was killed.

In fact, the local pronunciaiton would have been h-less in the Welsh of the south-east: ’Ewl ’Ir

<eul IIR> [ɛʊl ˡiːr]

:_______________________________.

Heolsenni (Hewlsenni) ‹heul ə ga-deir-lan› [ˌheˑɔlˡsɛnɪ, hɛʊlˡsɛnɪ] feminine noun
1 SN9223 A hamlet in Powys (district of Brycheiniog). The road was an important route between the town of Aberhonddu / Brecon and the upper valley of the Tawe river and down to Abertawe / Swansea.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/70666
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) road (crossing the river) Senni”
(heol = street) + (Senni river name)

NOTE: “Heol Senni” on the Ordnance Survey map. As it is a habitative name, one might have expected Heolsenni.
One would expect the local pronunciation to be Hewlsenni - heol is generally the monosyllabic form hewl colloquially.
:_______________________________.

heol unffordd, heolydd unffordd ‹heul IN fordh, heu lidh IN fordh› (feminine noun)
1 one-way street

:_______________________________.

Yr Heol Wen ‹heul wen›
1 locality in Coed-poeth (county of Wrecsam)

ETYMOLOGY: “white close, farmyard” (heol = close, farmyard; road) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white)

:_______________________________.

Heol y Bont ‹HEE-ol ə BONT, HEUL ə BONT› [ˌheˑɔl ə ˡbɔntˌhɛʊl ə ˡbɔnt]
1 Street name

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/830182

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) road / street (of) the bridge”, “Bridge Street”, “Bridge Road”

(heol = road) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (pont = bridge)
:_______________________________.

Heol y Cawl ‹HEE-ol ə KAUL, HEUL ə KAUL› [ˌheˑɔl ə ˡkaʊlˌ hɛʊl ə ˡkaʊl] feminine noun


(delwedd 7406)

1 street or road name in the following places:
(a) Llyswyrny SS9674, county of Bro Morgannwg

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/288823

(b) SS9276 Corntwn, county of Bro Morgannwg – a road SS9277, SS9276, from Corntwn village SS9177 to the farm SS9276 of Corntwn (English: Corntown)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS9177

(c) Dinaspowys ST1570, county of Bro Morgannwg

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST1570

(d) central Caer-dydd ST1876

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST1876

John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911) in his entry for Heol y Cawl states: “The Welsh name for Wharton Street. It means ‘Crock-herb Street’ or ‘Worten Street.’ It occurs, as the only name for Wharton Street, in conveyance of 1830.”

In his entry for Wharton Street he notes it has “also the names Heol-y-cawl (1768), Broth Lane and Porridge Lane. Speed’s map of 1610 calls it Porrag Lane.”

Recently, in the early 1990’s, some of the English-only street nameplates in Central Caer-dydd were replaced. Some of the new nameplates were bilingual, with the Welsh name appearing under the English name. The name Heol y Cawl came back into the public eye, appearing below the English name Wharton Street.

ETYMOLOGY:
Cawl (= cabbage, cabbages) is from Latin caulis (= stalk, cabbage).

Cawl (= broth) however is apparently from Latin coagulum (= clot, coagulation). The Welsh word cawl meaning ‘broth’ has a secondary meaning of ‘mess / disorder’.

Two possibilities:
..1 “(the) way / street (of) the pot-herbs”, street with vegetable plots where pot-herbs were grown.
(heol = way) + (y = definite article) + (cawl = cabbages or coles or pot-herbs) .

..2/ “(the) way / street (of) the broth / mess”, i.e. a muddy track
(heol = way) + (y = definite article) + (cawl = broth / mess) .

Cf English mess (= untidy state) < mess (= semi-liquid food) < French (= course in a meal) < Latin mittere (= to send)

The name Heol y Cawl is possibly ‘muddy way’ (cawl = mess), but it is more likely to be ‘pot-herb way’ referring to plots where coles or pot-herbs grew.

If we accept that Heol y Cawl refers to pot herbs, the English names for the street in Caer-dydd / Cardiff (Broth Lane / Porrag Lane / Porridge Lane) would seem to be mistranslations, taking cawl in its sense of ‘soup, broth’.

2 Heol-y-cawl ST0087 name of a farm (Llanilltud Faerdre, county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) on the road from Gartholwg to Trefforest

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=168686


:_______________________________.

Heol y Crwys ‹heul ə kruis› feminine noun
1 street in Caer-dydd

NOTE: (“(the) road (of the) Crwys (Bychan) (farm)”)
Here there were two farms - Crwys Bychan (“the little Crwys farm”) and Crwys Mawr (“the big Crwys farm”). According to John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911),

(1) “Crwys Bychan – (‘Little Crwys’). A farmstead in the parish of Saint John, on the northern outskirts of the town, beyond Cathays. The lands were built upon and the house demolished in 1899, when the board schools were erected on the site, opposite the south-western corner of the Cemetery, at the top of Crwys Road.... Circa 1540, this was a copyhold tenement held under the Cardiff Grange of Margam Abbey.”

(2) “Crwys Mawr – (‘Great Crwys’). A tenement situate some distance to the east of the last, nearer Roath village. It disappeared so long ago that its position can only be guessed at.”

He explains Heol y Crwys as
(3) “Crwys Road - A wide thoroughfare forming a continuation of Castle Road northward, across the Rhymney Railway, to join the North Road at Pentre, Whitchurch. It takes its name from Crwys-bychan farm.”

:_______________________________.

Heol-y-cyw ‹HEE-ol ə KIU, HEUL ə KIU › [ˌheˑɔl ə ˡkɪʊˌhɛʊl ə ˡkɪʊ]
1 SS9484 village in Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/830182

ETYMOLOGY: Ostensibly “(the) road (of) the foal” (i.e. without having seen earlier forms of the name)

(heol = road) + (y = definite article) + (cyw = young of an animal; foal; chicken)

NOTE: The colloquial form of heol is hewl ‹heul› [hɛʊl] , which in the traditional Welsh of the south-east is ’ewl ‹eul› [ɛʊl]

Hewl-y-cyw / ’Ewl-y-cyw

:_______________________________.

Heol y Gadeirlan ‹heul ə ga-deir-lan› [ˌheˑɔl / ˌhɛʊl ə gaˡdəɪrlan] feminine noun
1 street in Caer-dydd (“road of the cathedral”). English name: Cathedral Road. The road goes from the centre of the city in the direction of Llan-daf, a cathedral village formerly in the countryside outside the city and now a district of Caer-dydd.

The word ‘cadeirlan’ is in fact a neologism. An alternative but unwieldy name for this road is Heol yr Eglwys Gadeiriol.

ETYMOLOGY: (heol = street) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (cadeirlan = cathedral)

:_______________________________.

Heol y Glyn ‹heul ə GLIN› feminine noun
1 street name

ETYMOLOGY:
Either
“(the) street (of) (the place called) Y Glyn” (heol = street) + (Y Glyn = The Valley),
or
“(the) street (of) the valley” (heol = street) + (y = definite article) + (glyn = valley)

:_______________________________.

Heol y Gwynt ‹heul ə gwint› [ˌheˑɔl / ˌhɛʊl ə ˡgwɪnt] feminine noun
1 street name in Castell-nedd
(“The street runs north-east and south-west, and has the draught of the valley travelling along it, which thus makes the name very appropriate” Neath Antiquarian Society Transactions 1937)

2 another name for Y Llwybr Llaethog the Milky Way (= band of light consisting of millions of faint stars)

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) street (of) the wind”, the windy street.
(heol = street) + (y = the) + (gwynt = wind)

:_______________________________.

Heol y Mynydd ‹heul ə mə-nidh› [ˌheˑɔl / ˌhɛʊl ə ˡmənɪð] feminine noun
1 “the road leading to the (pasture in the) upland”, “the road crossing over the upland”

(1) road in Y Bargod ST1499 (county of Caerffili) (part of the road is marked on the map with an English translation “Moorland Road”)

(2) road in Garn-swllt SN6209 (county of Abertawe)

(3) road in Aber-dâr SO0002 (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

(4) road in Ystalyfera SN7608 (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)

(5) road in Bryn-coch SS7499 (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)

(6) road in Glyncorrwg SS8799 (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)

(7) road in Cefncoedycymer SO0308 (county of Merthyrtudful)

ETYMOLOGY: (heol = street, road) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (mynydd = highland, upland, moorland, mountain)

NOTE: A misspelling is Heol-y-Mynydd (i.e. with hyphens), and confusingly indexed separately from Heol y Mynydd in English-language street atlases!

:_______________________________.

Heolymynydd ‹heul ə mə-nidh› [ˌheˑɔl / ˌhɛʊl ə ˡmənɪð] feminine noun
1 hamlet SS8875 north of Síterdwn (Southerndown) (county of Bro Morgannwg)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/96873

NOTE: Habitative names are written as a single word – Heolymynydd – but on the Ordnance Survey map it appears as “Heol-y-mynydd”.
See the previous entry Heol y Mynydd

:_______________________________.

Heol yr Odyn ‹heul ər ô-din› feminine noun
1 (‘(the) street (of) the kiln’) name of a street in Tre-lai, Caer-dydd

ETYMOLOGY: (heol = street, road) + (yr = definite article) + (odyn = kiln)

:_______________________________.

Hepste ‹hep -ste› feminine noun
1 SN9612 Afon Hepste = river in Brycheiniog (Powys); local form: Hepsta

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

her, heriau ‹HER, HER-ye› (feminine noun)
1 challenge
gwneud rhywbeth ar her do something for a dare

2 herio (qv) to challenge

:_______________________________.

hergel ‹her-gel› masculine or feminine noun
South-west Wales
1 dispute, argument, disagreement
2 fuss, bother, intense activity

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English argle (= dispute); cf Lowlandic argle-bargle, argie-bargie, doublet from a variant of argue < French < Latin argûere, frequentative form of argûtâre (= show, accuse); related to Latin argûtus (= clear), argentum (= silver)
NOTE: also: helger ‹hel-ger›

:_______________________________.

herio ‹HER-yo› (v)
1 challenge

Plaque in Tŷ-nant, county of Conwy, commemorating the action of the people of Llangwm in detaining the Ecclesiastical Commission auctioneer during the Tithe Riots

1887-1987. Yma yr heriodd gwŷr Llangwm orthrwm y Degwm 27ain Mai 1887
1887-1987. Here the people of Llangwm challenged the oppression of the Tithe 27 May 1887

:_______________________________.

herlod ‹her-lod › masculine noun
PLURAL herlodiaid ‹her- lod-yed›
1 (obsolete) lad, boy, youth
Genesis 42:22 A Reuben a'u hatebodd hwynt, gan ddywedyd, Oni ddywedais i wrthych, gan ddywedyd, Na phechwch yn erbyn yr herlod, ac ni wrandawech chwi? wele am hynny ynteu y gofynnir ei waed ef.
Genesis 42:22 And Reuben answered them, saying, Spake I not unto you, saying, Do not sin against the child; and ye would not hear? therefore, behold, also his blood is required.

ETYMOLOGY: herlod < English herlot (= servant, rascal) < Old French herlot (= rogue), of unknown origin.

In modern English it is harlot (= prostitute), which refers to females only.

Welsh has preserved the older -er- pronunciation; the modern English form harlot shows the change ‹er› > ‹ar› which occurred in a number of other words in English, apparent in doublets such as

(1) university / varsity;
(2) clerk (American ‹kləərk›), clerk (Englandic ‹klaa’k›), surname Clark ‹klaa’k›;
(3) Berkeley (American ‹Bǿərkli›, Englandic ‹Báa’kli›)

:_______________________________.

herlodes ‹her-loo-des› feminine noun
PLURAL herlodesau, herlodesi ‹her-lo-de-se, -si›
1 girl; colloquially usually with the loss of the first syllable lodes and also as lòs

ETYMOLOGY: (herlod < English herlot = servant, rascal) + (-es, suffix for forming feminine nouns) < Old French herlot (= rogue) < unknown origin.

“Herlot” in modern English is harlot (= prostitute), which refers to females only, with the change ‹er› > ‹ar› which occurred in a number of words in English, apparent in doublets such as
(1) university / varsity;
(2) clerk (American ‹kləərk›), clerk (Englandic ‹klaa’k›), surname Clark ‹klaa’k›;
(3) Berkeley (American ‹Bǿərkli›, Englandic ‹Báa’kli›)

:_______________________________.

hers ‹hers› feminine noun
PLURAL hersus ‹her -sis›
1 hearse = car for carrying the dead to the burial ground
2 hearse = (originally) a frame over a bier for holding candles

ETYMOLOGY: English hearse < Old French herse < Latin hirpex, herpicis (= harrow, implement drawn over cropland to break and move the soil in order to destroy weeds) cf Italian erpice

NOTE: also: hêrs (long vowel)

:_______________________________.

hesb ‹ hesp› adjective
1 feminine form of hysb (= dry)
2 (South Wales) da hesbion dry cows (Colloquially da ’esbon, dä ’esbon)

:_______________________________.

hesbin ‹he-spin› feminine noun
PLURAL hesbinod ‹he-spii-nod›
NOTE: Colloquially there is an clipped form of the plural sbinod (the first syllable is dropped).
South Wales hesben (with the suffix -en instead of -in)

1 yearling ewe (a yearling ram is hesbwrn)
Genesis 21:28 Ac Abraham a osododd saith o hesbinod o’r praidd wrthynt eu hunain
Genesis 21:28 And Abraham set seven ewe lambs of the flock by themselves

Lefíticus 14:10 A’r wythfed dydd cymered ddau oen perffaith-gwbl, ac un hesbin flwydd berffaith-gwbl, a thair degfed ran o beilliaid, yn fwyd-offrwm, wedi ei gymysgu trwy olew, ac un log o olew
Leviticus 14:10 And on the eighth day he shall take two he lambs without blemish, and one ewe lamb of the first year without blemish, and three tenth deals of fine flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, and one log of oil.

2 yearling sheep (ewe or ram)
Maent yn cadw 270 o famogiaid, 160 o sbinod a 16 o fuchod sugno
They have 270 ewes, 160 yearlings, and 16 suckling calves.

3 adjective (sheep) yearling, between one and two years old
Sioe ac arwerthiant yn cynnwys mamogiaid hesbin pédigri a hyrddod hesbin pédigri. Dewiswyd o blith prif ddiadelloedd yng Nghymru, yr Alban a Lloegr
Show and sale including pedigree yearling ewes and pedigree yearling rams. They have been chosen from among the leading flocks in Wales, Scotland, and England

ETYMOLOGY: (hesb, feminine form of the adjective hysb = dry; barren) + (-in suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Hesbin ‹he-spin› feminine noun
1 Afon Hesbin SJ1353 river by the village of Llanfair Dyffryn Clwyd (county of Dinbych)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1353

ETYMOLOGY: hesbin (= yearling ewe)

:_______________________________.

hesbinwch ‹he-spi-nukh› feminine noun
PLURAL hesbinychod ‹he-spi-nə-khod›
1 young sow which has not yet produced any young
2 young sow which has only had one litter

ETYMOLOGY: hesbin-hwch (hesbin = yearling ewe) + (hwch = sow)

NOTE: Colloquially an clipped form is used (the first syllable is dropped): sbinwch, plural sbinychod

:_______________________________.

hesbion ‹ hesp-yon › adjective
1 See hesb
hesb
:_______________________________.

hesbwrn ‹he-spurn› masculine noun
PLURAL hesbyrniaid ‹hes-spərn-yed›
1 young ram

Numbers 7:88 A holl ychen yr aberth hedd oedd bedwar ar hugain o fustych, trigain o hyrddod, trigain io fychod, trigain o hesbyrniaid
Numeri 7:88 And all the oxen for the sacrifice of the peace offerings were twenty and four bullocks, the rams sixty, the he-goats sixty, the lambs of the first year sixty

ETYMOLOGY: probably a contraction of hesbin-wrn (hesbin = yearling ewe) + (-wrn, a suffix)

:_______________________________.

hesgen, hesg ‹HE sken, HESG› (feminine noun)
1 (Carex) sedge, rush

hesg sedges, rushes

Clos yr Hesg street in Llansamlet (Abertawe) “(the) close (of) the sedges”, “sedge close”

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish HESKENN, Breton HESKENN
From the same Celtic root: Irish SEISC

NOTE: In the south-east this would be pronounced ’esgen, esg (h is mostly absent in the traditional dialect).
This would seem to be the explanation of the farm name “Pant y Resk” ST2095 by Aber-carn, county of Caerffili (although earlier forms of the name would need to be examined to be sure) i.e. Pant-y-resg < Pant-yr-’esg < Pant-yr-hesg “(the) valley / hollow (of) the sedges” (pant = valley, hollow) + (yr definite article) + (hesg = sedges, rushes)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/643582 Heol Pant-yr-’esg
:_______________________________.

hestor, hestorau ‹HES tor, he-STOO-rai, -e› (feminine noun)
1 (dry measure)

:_______________________________.

het, hetiau ‹HET, HET ye› (feminine noun)
1 hat

:_______________________________.

hetar ‹HE-tar› (feminine noun)
1 (N.W: Wales) iron (for ironing clothes)

2 found in names of triangular fields - ‘cae’r hetar’ (the) field (of) the iron’,
usually as Cae Hetar

Examples in:
Pentrefelin, Amlwch http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1262070

Rhoshirwaun http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2084337

Bryncroes http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2204242

Bronronw, Cwm Cynfal http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/101596

hetar < heter < English heater


:_______________________________.

heuldro, heuldroeon <HEIL-dro, heil-DROI-on> [ˡhəɪldrɔ, həɪlˡdrɔɪɔn] (masculine noun)
1 solstice

ETYMOLOGY: (“sun turn”, “solar turning-around”) (heul-, tonic syllable form of haul) + soft mutation + (tro = turn)

:_______________________________.

Heulfan <HEIL-van> [ˡhəɪlvan]
1 (House name or street name) sunny place

2 There is an incorrect form Haulfan common in minor place names (in the tonic vowel, au always becomes eu)
The spelling pronuciation is <HAIL-van> [ˡhaɪlvan]

Haulfan: Street name in Ffos-y-ffin, Aberaeron (county of Ceredigion)

ETYMOLOGY: (heul-, tonic syllable form of haul) + soft mutation + (man = place)

:_______________________________.

Heulfre <HEIL-vre> [ˡhəɪlvrɛ]
1 sunny hill

2 There is an incorrect form Haulfre (in the tonic vowel, au always becomes eu)
The spelling pronuciation is <HAIL-vre> [ˡhaɪlvrɛ]

..a/ “Haulfre Terrace”, Coed-poeth (county of Wrecsam) (In Welsh, it would be simply Heulfre, or Rhestai Heulfre / Teras Heulfre / Tai Heulfre)

..b/ Haulfre Name of a house in Bangor (Gwynedd)

ETYMOLOGY: (heul-, tonic syllable form of haul) + soft mutation + (bre = hill)

:_______________________________.

Heulfron <HEIL-vron> [ˡhəɪlvrɔn]
1 sunny hill

2 There is an incorrect form Haulfron (in the tonic vowel, au always becomes eu)

The spelling pronuciation is <HAIL-vron> [ˡhaɪlvrɔn]

..a/ street name in Tonypandy (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (further misspelt as “Haul Fron”, as if two separate words)

ETYMOLOGY: (heul-, tonic syllable form of haul) + soft mutation + (bron = hill)

:_______________________________.

Heulfryn <HEIL-vrin> [ˡhəɪlvrɪn]
1 Sunny hill. House name or street name.

Street name in:
..a/ Aberangell, Machynlleth (county of Powys)
..b/ Ceinws, Machynlleth (county of Powys)
..c/ Degannwy (county of Conwy)

Also “Heulfryn Terrace”, Blaenau Ffestiniog (county of Gwynedd) (It would be “Rhestai Heulwen / Teras Heulwen” in Welsh)

2 There is an incorrect form Haulfryn common in minor place names (in the tonic vowel, au always becomes eu)

The spelling pronuciation is <HAIL-vrin> [ˡhaɪlvrɪn]

Haulfryn is a street name in:
..a/ Bryn, Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
..b/ Brynmenyn (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (further misspelt as “Haul Fryn”, as if two separate words)
..c/ Caer-dydd
..d/ Clydach, Y Fenni (county of Mynwy)
..e/ Llwynbedw (county of Abertawe) (further misspelt as “Haul Fryn”, as if two separate words)
..f/ Mynyddcynffig (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
..g/ Pen-y-waun, Aber-dâr (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
..h/ Pontardawe (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
..i/ Pontyberem, Llanelli, (county of Caerfyrddin)
..j/ Rhosllannerchrugog (county of Wrecsam)
..k/ Rhuthun (county of Dinbych)
..l/ Sychdyn, Yr Wyddgrug (county of Y Fflint)
..m/ Tregynwr (county of Caerfyrddin)

Also Stad Haulfryn, Llanfair, near Harlech (county of Gwynedd)

ETYMOLOGY: (heul-, tonic syllable form of haul) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill)

:_______________________________.

heulog <HEI-log> [ˡhəɪlɔg] (adjective)
1 sunny

Y Tyleheulog ‹tə-le-HEI-log› SO0840 Farm by Crucadarn, Brycheiniog, Powys (on map as “Tyleheulog”) y tyle heulog “the sunny hill”
(y definite article) + (tyle = hill) + (heulog = sunny).

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/559572 map

2 In many place names, heulog is an alteration of halog (qv) (= muddy, miry)

ETYMOLOGY: (heul-, tonic syllable form of haul) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.

heulsaf <HEIL-sav> [ˡhəɪlsav] masculine noun
PLURAL heulsafau <heil-SAA-vai, -e> [həɪlˡsɑˑvaɪ, -ɛ]
1 solstice
heulsaf yr haf summer solstice
heulsaf y gaeaf winter solstice

ETYMOLOGY: (heul-, tonic syllable form of haul) + (saf = standing, standpoint).

Same sense as “solstice”, which was taken into English from French, < Latin sôlstitium “the standing still of the sun” (sol = sun, sistere = to stand still)

:_______________________________.

heulsych <HEIL-sikh> [ˡhəɪlsɪx] adjective
PLURAL heulsychion <heil-SƏKH-yon> [həɪlˡsəxjɔn]
1 sun-dried, dried in the sun
bricyll heulsych sun-dried apricots
rhesins heulsych sun-dried raisins

ETYMOLOGY: (heul-, tonic syllable form of haul) + (sych = dried, stem of sychu = to dry)

:_______________________________.

heulwen [ˡhəɪlwɛn] feminine noun
1 sunshine

2 Heulwen woman’s name = sunshine

3 Heulwen
House or street name = sunshine
In street names:
“Heulwen Close”, Yr Hob (county of Y Fflint)
“Heulwen Close”, Y Pant, Merthyrtudful
“Heulwen Terrace”, Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)

4 haulwen is a poor spelling for heulwen (in the tonic vowel, au always becomes eu); used as a woman’s name Haulwen

The incorrect form Haulwen is also common in minor place names. The spelling pronunciation is <HAIL-wen> [ˡhaɪlˡwɛn]
..a/ Haulwen street name in Cwm-dâr (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

..b/ “Haulwen Road”, street name in Penpedairheol (county of Caerffili). (It would be Heol Heulwen in Welsh)

..c/ “Haulwen Road”, street name in Y Cocyd (county of Abertawe). (It would be Heol Heulwen in Welsh)

5 See the farm name Bronheulwen bron yr heulwen “(the) hill (of) the sunshine”

ETYMOLOGY: (heul-, tonic syllable form of haul) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white, shining). In modern Welsh haul is a masculine noun, but in older Welsh it was feminine

:_______________________________.

heusor <HEI-sor> [ˡhəɪsɔr] m
PLURAL heusoriaid, heusorion <heil-SOR-yaid, -yed, -yon> [həɪlˡsɔrjaɪd, -jɛd, -jɔn]

1 (obsolete) shepherd

Difyrrwch yr Heusor Du A folk tune name mentioned in “The Cambrian Quarterly Magazine and Celtic Repertory” (1830). English name given as “The Black Herdsman’s Pastime”

2 husor < heusor (f) (Ynys Môn) (as a deprecating expression towards a woman)
yr hen husor wirion you daft old fool, the daft old fool (“the simple old shepherd”)

ETYMOLOGY: heusor < eusor, of unknown origin. The initial h is not original.

The first syllable may be related to Latin ovis (= sheep), Greek ois (= ewe); and English ewe

:_______________________________.

hewian <HEU-yan> [ˡhɛʊjan] (verb)
1 hewian ar (rywun) go on at (somebody)

:_______________________________.

hewl, hewlydd <HEUL, HEUL-idh> [hɛʊl, ˡhɛʊlɪð] (feminine noun)
1 road, lane. A colloquial form of heol (= road); nowadays regarded as a Southern, though north-eastern place-names such as Rhewl yr heol (which in the north meant farmyard), also show this pronunciation.

In south-east Wales, in the traditional Welsh of this part of the country, h is absent in colloquial speech. Hence ’ewl, ’ewlydd <EUL, EU-lidh> [ɛʊl, ˡɛʊlɪð]

:_______________________________.

hewlwr, hewlwyr <HEU-lur, HEUL-wir> [ˡhɛʊlʊr, ˡhɛʊlwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 roadman

:_______________________________.

heyernin <hei-ER-nin> [həɪˡɛrnɪn] adj

1 made of iron

2 (m) iron object
harnin <HAR-nin> [ˡharnɪn] (county of Caerfyrddin) iron object

ETYMOLOGY: (heyern- a penultimate-syllable form of haearn = iron) + (-in adjectival suffix)

:_______________________________.

hi- (prefixed h + a word benginning with the vowel i)
1 there is aspiration of an initial vowel certain possessive determiners

‘m (= my), ei (= her), ein (= our), eu (= their),

In this dictionary we mark this aspiration as h

â’m hincwm with my income, incwm income

ei hiechyd her health, iechyd health

ein hiaith our language, iaith language

eu hisymwybod their subconscious, isymwybod subconscious

:_______________________________.

hi ‹HII› (pronoun)
1 she

2 it (suggests a punishment)
Mi cei-di hi! You'll cop it!
Mae e’n ei haros hi! He’s in for it now!

Sometimes without the pronoun – only the conjugated preposition
bod dani under her / it, from the preposition dan = under
Pwy sydd dani heddiw? Who’s in for it today? Who’s going to get it today? Who’s today’s victim?

NOTE: In south-east Wales, ’i or ddi

:_______________________________.

hidio ‹HID yo› (verb)
1 pay attention to

ETYMOLOGY: from English heed

:_______________________________.

hidl ‹hi -dil› feminine noun
PLURAL hidlau ‹hid -le›
1 sieve, colander, strainer

ETYMOLOGY: British < Celtic < Indo-European sê-tlo (= to sieve)

NOTE: Also a diminutive form: hidlen ‹hid-len›

In South-west Wales colloquially hiddyl ‹HII-dhil› (hidl > hiddl > hiddyl)

In South-east Wales colloquially hilydd ‹HII-lidh› (hidl > hiddl > hiddyl > hilydd, showing metathesis, as in south-eastern cwiddyl < c’wilydd, cywilydd (= shame) where exactly the reverse has happened )

:_______________________________.

hidlo ‹hid -lo› verb
1 strain, filter

2 riddle, sift; separate through a sieve (eg. flour)

3 blaen hidlo filter tip of a cigarette

4 hidlo (South Wales) pour down, pour with rain
(South-east Wales) Mae'n hidlach y glaw It’s pouring down with rain, it’s pouring down

5 (coffee) percolate - boiling water goes up along central tube and filters down again through a container of ground coffee beans

6 hidlo dagrau shed tears, cry (“filter tears”)

NOTE: (1) In South Wales hilo, ’ilo.
The path followed was
..1/ hidlo > hiddlo (change of d to dd) >
..2/ hilo (loss of “dd”), and
..3/ ’ilo colloquially (south-east) where the “h” is absent.

Cf another instance of the change of d to dd in southern Welsh:
..a/ chwedl (= tale) > *chwedel / *chweddl > chweddel

..b/ gwadn (= sole of the foot) > gwaddn > gwaddan

NOTE: also in South Wales with the suffix –ach instead of –o :
hidlach, ’idlach

:_______________________________.

hil, hilion ‹HIIL, HIL yon› (feminine noun)
1 lineage, race

2 epil progeny
(eb- = cavall) < (hil = progeny, lineage, race) (b + h = p)

3 gwehilion worthless corn, chaff chaff
..a/ worthless corn, chaff
..b/ gwehilion cymdeithas the dregs of society
(gwe- prefix = under; before a following syllable with ‹i› instead of gwa-, a variant of gwo- = under) + (hil = lineage) + (ion plural suffix)

:_______________________________.

hiliaeth <HIL-yaith, -yeth> [ˡhɪljaɪθ, -jɛθ] (feminine noun)
1 racism

ETYMOLOGY: (hil = descent, race) + soft mutation + (-i-aeth = abstract noun suffix)

:_______________________________.

hiliol ‹ <HIL-yol> [ˡhɪljɔl] (adjective)
1 racist

:_______________________________.

hil-laddiad ‹hil- ladh -yad› masculine noun
1 genocide = extermination of a people

ETYMOLOGY: (hil = descent, race) + soft mutation + (lladdiad = killing)

:_______________________________.

hil-laddwr, hil-laddwyr ‹hiil LAA dhur, hiil LADH wir› (masculine noun)
1 (person) genocide

ETYMOLOGY: (hil = descent, race) + soft mutation + (lladdwr = killer)
:_______________________________.

hindda <HIN-dha> [ˡhɪnða] feminine noun
1 fine weather
Mae’n hindda The weather’s fine, It’s cleared up

2 codi'n hindda = clear up (district of Arfon: codi'n himdda)

3 boed hindda neu ddrycin
fair weather or foul, rain or shine, whatever the weather
Mi ddof boed hindda neu ddrycin I shall come whatever the weather

4 Fuwch fach gota – glaw neu hindda?
Os daw glaw, cwympa o’m llaw;
Os daw haul, hedfana!
(Weather lore)
Ladybird – rain or fine weather?
If rain will come, fall from my hand
If sun will come, fly!

ETYMOLOGY: (hin = weather) + soft mutation + (da = good)

:_______________________________.

hinon <HII-non> [ˡhiːiˑnɔn] feminine noun
South-east Wales
1 fine weather, sunshine, dry weather

2 weather
hinon deg fine weather

3 good times, a happy time in someone’s life

ETYMOLOGY: (hin = weather) + (-on, suffix for forming nouns); Breton hinon (= good weather)

:_______________________________.

hinoni <hi-NOO-ni> [hɪˡnoˑnɪ] (verb)
1 South-east Wales clear up, begin to improve
Ma ’i’n (mae hi yn) mynd i noni
It’s going to clear up

ETYMOLOGY: (hinon = good weather) + (-i, suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: colloquial forms:
(1) noni <NOO-ni> [ˡnoˑnɪ] loss of the first syllable;
(2) hinoni > inoni > i’oni > ioni <i-OO-ni> [ɪˡoˑnɪ]

:_______________________________.

hinsawdd, hinsoddiau ‹HIN-saudh, hin-SODH-yai, -ye› [hɪnsaʊð, hɪnˡsɔðjaɪ, -jɛ] (masculine noun)
1 climate

:_______________________________.

hinsoddeg <hin-SOO-dheg> [hɪnˡsoˑðɛg] (feminine noun)
1 meteorology

:_______________________________.

hinsoddegwr, hinsoddegwyr <hin-so-DHEE-gur, hin-so-DHEG-wir> [hɪnsɔˡðeˑgʊr, hɪnsɔˡðɛgwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 meteorologist

:_______________________________.

hinsoddi <hin-SOO-dhi> [hɪnˡsoˑðɪ] (verb)
1 acclimatise

:_______________________________.

hinsoddol <hin-SOO-dhol> [hɪnˡsoˑðɔl] (adjective)
1 climatic

:_______________________________.

hipi, hipis <HI-pi, HI-pis> [ˡhɪpɪ, ˡhɪpɪs] (noun)
1 hippy

:_______________________________.

hir <HIIR> [hiːr] (adjective)
1 long

2 Hir oes! (drinking toast) cheers! (“a long life!”)

3 bys hir minute hand (“long finger”)

4 mor hir â mish pump (South Wales) long in coming “as long as a month of five (Saturdays)” – Saturday was payday, but some months have five Saturdays if a Saturday is the first, second or third day of the month
(mor = as) + (hir = long) + (â = as) + (mish, southern form of mis = month) + (pump = five)

5 hwy longer (comparative form of hir = long)
dwywaith yn hwy na (rhywbeth) twice as long as, double the length of
bod ddwywaith yn hwy na (rhywbeth) be twice as long as, be double the length of

6 Coedhirion house name in Derwen-fawr, Abertawe (county of Abertawe) (in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1) (“Coed Hirion”)
(coed = trees, wood) + soft mutation + (hirion, plural form of hir = long, tall)

7 gylfinir (Numenius arquata) = curlew
“long beak” gylfinir < gylfinhir < (gylfin = beak) + (hir = long)

8 ymhén yr hir a’r hwyr with the passage of time, over time (“at the end of the long and the late”)

9 reis grawn hir long-grain rice

:_______________________________.

hirach <HII-rakh> [ˡhiˑrax] (adjective)
1 longer
(A colloquial form; Classical Welsh has hwy)

:_______________________________.

Hirael <HII-rail> [ˡhiˑraɪl] feminine noun
1 locality in the county of Gwynedd.
Local form: Hiral <HII-ral> [ˡhiˑral]

ETYMOLOGY: Often explained as ‘long ridge’ (hir = long) + (ael = ridge, hillcrest; brow, forehead).

This though is today’s apparent meaning of the name, but in fact its origin is somewhat different.

..1/ hirerw ‘long acre’ (hir = long) + (erw = acre) >

..2/ hirer (loss of the final consonant w) > hirar (in north-western Welsh, a ae, ai, au, e in a final syllable become a)
Examples:

chwarae (= to play) > chwara

cesail (= armpit) > cesal

pethau (= things) > petha

hogen (= girl) > hogan

..3/ hiral (dissimulation – the sequence “r-r” becomes “r-l”) >

..4/ hirael (hypercorrection, the final vowel a misinterpreted as being a reduction of a standard form ae)

There are a number of examples of hypercorrection in Welsh where the form with a wrongly inserted diphthong in place of a simple vowel also makes an name meaningful.

In the above example Hiral > Hirael – the ael was though to be a reduced form of ael (= hill brow).

Similarly Maelgwn (man’s name)

(mael obsolete word, = element lord) + soft mutation + (cyn- obsolete element meaning warrior; chief)

is found reinterpreted as “Maelgwyn” (gwyn = white)

Bargod (stream name = boundary stream) (probably bar = hilltop) + soft mutation + (cod - unidentified element, meaning unknown) > “Bargoed” as if (“hill-top wood”)

(bar = hilltop) + soft mutation + (coed = wood).

Another example of dissimulation “r-r” > “r-l” is the English word corner > Welsh corner > cornel

:_______________________________.

hiraeth <HII-raith, -reth> [ˡhiˑraɪθ, -rɛθ] masculine noun
1 (for a person) longing; (for country, area, village, home) homesickness, longing for old places

2 hiraeth am longing for

3 bod hiraeth ar / bod hiraeth gan to miss (“to be longing on”)

bod hiraeth ar (rywün) am... / bod hiraeth ar (rywün) gan... long for (something), pine for, miss, mourn the loss of

Diawcs! Mae ’na hiraeth arna i am y nosweithia rheini yn llofft y stabal
My God! I miss those evenings in the stable loft!
(In North-west Wales, in such phrases, there is a tendency to replace ar with gan (= with))

4 bod hiraeth mawr ar (rywün) am... / bod hiraeth mawr gan (rywün) am...
really long for (something), really miss

Mae gennyf hiraeth mawr am y ddau hogyn ’na
I really miss those two lads

Mae arno hiraeth mawr ar ôl ei wraig
He greatly misses his wife, he’s grieving for his wife

5 teimlo rhyw hiraeth am feel some nostalgia for

6 codi hiraeth ar make (someone) nostalgic (remembering past some situation) ; make (someone) homesick (remembering some past location)

This is hela hiraeth ar / hala hiraeth ar in South Wales

Mae’r llun ’ma’n codi hirath am Sir Fôn arna i! This picture makes me homesick for Sir Fôn

7 bwrw eich hiraeth get over one’s homesickness

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ‘long-lasting pain’ (hir = long) + (aeth = pain) < British

From the same British root: Cornish hireth (= longing)

:_______________________________.

hiraethlon <hir-əITH-lon> [hiːrˡəɪθlɔn]
1 longing (= expressing longinf), wistful

atgofion hiraethlon wistful memories

ETYMOLOGY: (hiraeth = longing) + (-lon suffix = full, soft mutated form of llon < llawn = full)

:_______________________________.

Hiraethog <hi-RəI-thog> [hɪrˡəɪθɔg]
1 Mynydd Hiraethog, highland west of Dinbych. Highest point: Mwdwl Eithin (“stack of gorse”), 532 m (1745 ft).
Recently the name “Denbigh Moors” seems to have come into vogue among the English as a substitute for the authentic Welsh name.


(delwedd 7451)
:_______________________________.

hir eich pen <hiir əkh PEN> [hiːr əx ˡpɛn]
1 shrewd

Mae e’n ddigon hir ei ben He’s sharp, He’s on the ball, He wasn’t born yesterday, He knows a thing or two

:_______________________________.

hirfaen <HIR-vain> [ˡhɪrvaɪn] (m)
1 longstone, standing stone

Carreg Hirfaen carreg yr hirfaen “(the) standing stone (called) Yr Hirfaen” SN6246. A standing stone near Llan-y-crwys, county of Caerfyrddin.
(carreg = stone, standing stone) + (Yr Hirfaen = The Longstone, The Standing Stone)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/837544

Nearby is Brynhirfaen SN6246. (“Bryn-hirfaen” on the map) bryn yr hirfaen
“(the) hill (of) (the standing stone called) Yr Hirfaen”


ETYMOLOGY: (hir = long) + soft mutation + (maen = stone)

:_______________________________.

hirfron <HIR-vron> [ˡhɪrvrɔn] feminine noun
1 long hill

2 Hirfron Name of a house in Llanidloes (county of Powys) (in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)

Name of a farm SO0566 east of Nantmel SO0366 (Powys)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/879465

3 Hirfron SH2675 name of a farm near Rhoscolyn, Ynys Môn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO0566

ETYMOLOGY: “long hill” (hir = long) + soft mutation + (bron = hill)

:_______________________________.

hirfryn <HIR-vrin> [ˡhɪrvrɪn] masculine noun
1 long hill

2 Hirfryn division (kúmmud / 'cwmwd') of Cantref Bychan, in Ystrad Tywi (South-west Wales)

3 Caerhirfryn Lancaster, England (“(the) Roman fort (at) Hirfryn”)
Caerhirfryn, Hirfryn

ETYMOLOGY: (hir = long) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill)

:_______________________________.

Hirfynydd <hir-VƏ-nidh> [hɪrˡvənɪð] masculine noun
1 long mountain

2 Cefn Hirfynydd (SO4194) ridge 13 km long by Church Stretton in Shropshire, England.
(“(the) ridge (of) Hirfynydd”)
English name: The Long Mynd (“mynd” is an adaptation of Welsh “mynydd”)

3 SN8205 Hill east of Creunant (Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/975728 Hirfynydd

ETYMOLOGY: (hir = long) + soft mutation + (mynydd = mountain, hill)

:_______________________________.

hirfys <HIR-vis> [ˡhɪrvɪs] masculine noun
PLURAL hirfysedd [hɪrˡvəsɛð]
1 middle finger
am hirfys ei llaw chwith around / on the finger of her left hand

ETYMOLOGY: (“long finger”) (hir = long) + soft mutation + (bys = finger)

:_______________________________.

hirgoed <HIR-goid> [ˡhɪrgɔɪd] masculine noun
1 long wood

Cefn Hirgoed common land north-east of the town of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (“(the) ridge of Hirgoed”)

ETYMOLOGY: (hir = long) + soft mutation + (coed = wood)

:_______________________________.

hirgrwn <HIR-grun> [ˡhɪrgrʊn] adjective
PLURAL hirgrynion <hir-GRƏN-yon> [hɪrˡgrənjɔn]
1 oval

2 pêl hirgon = oval ball, rugby ball
dilynwyr y bêl hirgron rugby fans (“followers of the oval ball”)

ETYMOLOGY: word devised by the lexicographer Caerfallwch (Edward Thomas, 1779-1858) (hir = long) + soft mutation + (crwn = round)
NOTE: feminine form: hirgron

:_______________________________.

hirnant <HIR-nant> [ˡhɪrnant] masculine noun
1 long valley

ETYMOLOGY: (“long valley”) (hir = long) + (nant = valley)

:_______________________________.

Hirnant <HIR-nant> [ˡhɪrnant] feminine noun
1 SJ0522 hamlet in Maldwyn (Powys), west of Pen-y-bont-fawr

Blaenhirnant <blain-HIR-nant> [blaɪnˡhɪrnant] SJ0322 farm “(the) head (of the valley called) Hirnant”

Cwm Hirnant <kum-HIR-nant> [blaɪnˡhɪrnant] SJ0322 farm “(the) valley (of) Hirnant”

2 a parish at this place
Population (1961): 117
Proportion of Welsh-speakers (1961): 92%

ETYMOLOGY: see previous entry

:_______________________________.

hirnod <HIR-nod> [ˡhɪrnɔd] masculine noun
PLURAL hirnodau <hir-NOO-dai, -e> [hɪrˡnoˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 circumflex (also acen grom)

2 length mark, macron = line over a vowel to indicate that it is long
also: hirnod syth (“long-mark + straight”)

ETYMOLOGY: (hir = long) + (nod = mark)

:_______________________________.

hirnodi <hir-NOO-di> [hɪrˡnoˑdɪ] verb
1 to circumflex, place a circumflex, put a circumflex, write a circumflex, use a circumflex

ETYMOLOGY: (hirnod = circumflex) + (-i suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

hirnos <HIR-nos> [ˡhɪrnɔs] feminine noun
PLURAL hirnosau <hir-NO-sai, -se> [hɪrˡnɔsaɪ, -sɛ]
1 long night
hirnos gaeaf a long winter’s night
Doedd mo’i well o am stori ar hirnos gaea
There was no-one better than him for (telling) a story on a long winter’s night

ETYMOLOGY: (hir = long) + (nos = night)

:_______________________________.

hir oes <hiir OIS> [hiːr ˡɔɪs]
1 hir oes i... (“(a) long life to...”) (in wishing well to someone or some idea or institution, etc) long may (she / he / it) live

Hir oes i Steddfod yr Urdd Long may the Eisteddfod of the Urdd live / prosper

2 hir oes i... (in a toast) here’s to... (“(a) long life to...”)

ETYMOLOGY: (hir = long) + (oes = life)

:_______________________________.

hir-oes <hiir OIS> [hiːr ˡɔɪs] adjective
1 long-life
llaeth hir-oes long-life milk

ETYMOLOGY: see previous entry

:_______________________________.

hirsgwar <HIR-skwar> [ˡhɪrskwar] (adjective)
1 rectangular

ETYMOLOGY: (hir = long) + (sgwàr = rectangle)
:_______________________________.

hirwaun <HIR-wain> [ˡhɪrwaɪn] feminine noun
1 long moor

ETYMOLOGY: (hir = long) + (gwaun = moorland pasture)

:_______________________________.

Hirwaun <HIR-wain> [ˡhɪrwaɪn]
1 SN9505 locality in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf (South-east Wales)

ar Hirwaun in Hirwaun (local usage)

In standard Welsh, yn Hirwaun

The use of ar in this sense with certai9n place-names is characteristic of the Welsh of south-east Wales

2 SS9384 name of a common south of the village of Heol-y-cyw (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1000545

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/385053

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

Between the village and Hirwaun there is a road called Pant Hirwaun

pant yr hirwaun “(the) dip / hollow (of) Yr Hirwaun”

ETYMOLOGY: see previous entry

:_______________________________.

hirymaros <hir-əm-AA-ros> [hɪrəmˡɑˑrɔs]
1 hirymaros rhywbeth suffer (something) over a long time

masculine noun
2 great patience, forbearance

Diarhebion 5:22 Eithr ffrwyth yr Ysbryd yw, cariad, llawenydd, tangnefedd, hirymaros, cymwynasgarwch, daioni, ffydd, addfwyn, dirwest
Proverbs 5:22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, temperance

ETYMOLOGY: (hir = long) + (ymaros = to wait; waiting)

:_______________________________.

hit <HIT> [hɪt] masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL hits <HITS> [hɪts]
1 North Wales hit, smack
cael hit hurt oneself, give oneself a blow
cael hit ar = knock, bang (part of the body against)

2 county of Penfro chance, fluke
hit wedd e it was pure chance, it was a fluke
hit iddo fod ’na it’ll be pure chance if he’s there

3 hit = drag on a joint, puff of a cigarette containing marijuana or hashish
ti moyn hit? (a wyt ti yn ymofyn hit?) do you want a hit?

ETYMOLOGY: English hit < Old Norse hitta

:_______________________________.

hithau (“hithe”) <HII-thai, -e> [ˡhiˑθaɪ, -ɛ] (pronoun) she too

:_______________________________.
ho-
1 there is aspiration of an initial vowel certain possessive determiners
’m (= my), ei (= her), ein (= our), eu (= their)

In this dictionary we mark this aspiration as h
â’m hoffer with my tools, offeryn, offer tool, tools
ei horennau her oranges, oren, orennau orange, oranges
ein hochr our side, ochr side
eu holwynion their wheels, olwyn, olwynion wheel, wheels

:_______________________________.

hob <HOOB> [hoːb] masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL hobau, hobiaid <HOO-bai, -e, HOB-yaid, -yed> [ˡhoˑbaɪ, –ɛ, ˡhɔbjaɪd, -jɛd]
1 (obsolete) pig

hanerob (= side of bacon) < hanér-hob
hob y deri dando pork hanging from the roof beam (name of a folk song)

(hob = pig) + (y = the) + (deri = oak wood, oak beam) + (dando = under-roof)

4 (Fourth branch of the Mabinogi, circa 1100) hob = pig

Celtic Folklore Welsh And Manx John Rhys (1901): Among other gifts which Pryderi appears to have received from the king of Annwn were hobeu or moch, 'pigs, swine,' which had never before been heard of in the island of Prydain

ETYMOLOGY: Unknown

:_______________________________.

yr Hob <ər HOOB> [ ər hoːb]
1 (SJ3058) locality in the county of Flint; also a parish
English name: Hope
Mynydd yr Hob name of an upland here (“(the) upland (of) Yr Hob”)

ETYMOLOGY: From the English name Hope, Cymricised centuries ago (Old English hop = small valley). Many place names in Y Fflint are of English origin, showing English encroachment and settlement, and subsequent Welsh reconquest of the area.
Hope is today pronounced [houp] in English - the diphthong [ou] has generally frpelced long ‘o’ [o:] in English. The Welsh name preserve this long ‘o’,. The name would have entered Welsh before the change occurred in English.
Final English -p to final -b in Welsh is a feature of some earlier borrowings.

REMEMBER: The vowel is long, which might be usefully indicated informally with a macron: yr Hob = yr Hōb
:_______________________________.

Hoddnant ‹HODH-nant› [ˡhɔðnant]
1 stream name

..a/ Llan-faes, Bro Morgannwg SS9869

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS9869 map

..b/ stream in Maesyfed, Powys

..c/ stream in the county of Penfro

Hoddnant was the valley in which the Afon Alun flows in Tyddewi / Saint Davids below, on Ordnance Survey maps as the part of the valley between the cathedral and the sea in its English translation as “Merryvale”

2 Llywelyn Brydydd Hoddnant poet (poems from circa 1300-1350). He was said to be a Morgannwg / Glamorgan poet by Iolo Morgannwg, though this is not substantiated.

“Llywelyn (the) poet (from) Hoddnant”

(Llywelyn) + soft mutation + (prydydd = poet) + (Hoddnant)

ETYMOLOGY: “prosperous / fertile / pleasant valley” hoddnant < hawddnant (hawdd = (formerly) pleasant / prosperous; (modern Welsh) easy) + (nant = valley; stream)

The change of aw > o in the penult is a regular feature of Welsh; hawddnant > hoddnant cf. llawr, lloriau (= floor, floors)

:_______________________________.

hoelbren <HOIL-bren> [ˡhɔɪlbrɛn]
PLURAL hoelbrennau <hoil-BRE-nai, -e> [hɔɪlˡbrɛnaɪ, –ɛ]
1 wooden nail, peg

Field name: Ffrith Hoelbren, Teyrdan, Llaneilian yn Rhos, Conwy (seemingly ffrith yr hoelbren “hill pasture (of) the wooden peg”)

“... at Teyrdan Farm there was a field called Ffirth hoelbren which means Wood With a Nail In It!” (Fields / Caeau, Colwyn Bay Civic Society / February 2008) http://www.colwynbaycivicsociety.co.uk/assets/Feb%2008.pdf

(Note: the meaning given for hoelbren in this quotation is incorrect)

ETYMOLOGY: “nail wood”, “piece of wood which acts as a nail” (hoel = nail) + soft mutation + (pren = wood, piece of wood)

:_______________________________.

hoelen, hoelion <HOI-len, HOIL-yon> [ˡhɔɪlɛn, ˡhɔɪljɔn] (feminine noun)
1 nail (iron/steel/wooden, etc)

2 esgidiau hoelion hob-nailed boots

3 (South Wales) clopa hoelen head of a nail

4 cysgu fel hoelen sleep like a log (“sleep like a nail”)

:_______________________________.

hoelion <HOIL-yon> [ˡhɔɪljɔn]
1 nails; plural form of hoelen (= nail).

:_______________________________.

hoelon ‹hoi -lon›
1 (South Wales) nails, from hoelen (= nail). The plural form hoelion > hoelon (the lack of the semiconsonant <y> [j] at the beginning of a final syllable is typical of the language of the South)

:_______________________________.

hoenusrwydd <hoi-NIS-ruidh> [hɔɪˡnɪsrʊɪð] masculine noun
1 liveliness, joie de vivre

ETYMOLOGY: (hoenus = vivacious, lively) + (-rwydd suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

hofel <HOO-vel> [ˡhoˑvɛl] feminine noun
PLURAL hofelydd, hofeli <ho-VEE-lidh, ho-VEE-li> [hɔˡveˑlɪð,hɔˡveˑlɪ]
1 hovel, rudimentary cabin

2 (North-east Wales) shed

3 (North-east Wales) hofel wair Dutch barn

4 (North-east Wales) hofel drol / hofel droliau cart-house

Cododd hofel fel lle i’r ceffylau ymochel
He built a shed as a place for the horses to shelter

NOTE: [Olde Cheshire Dialecte. http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm
hovel : the part of a smithy where horses stood to be shod, as opposed to the forge.]

5 (Dyffryn Elái, South-east Wales) hofal fold, a pen for sheep
(by Parc Busnes Llantrisant (the Llantrisant Business Park) there is a farm called Yr Hofal)

ETYMOLOGY: English hovel (= open shed for carts; ramshackle building), a word of unknown origin

:_______________________________.

hoff <HOOF> [ˡhoːf] (adjective)
1 preferred, favored, favorite
fy hoff luniau my favourite photos / pictures

fy hoff lyfr my favourite book

fy hoff daith my favourite trip / journey

fy hoff adeg o’r flwyddyn my favourite time of the year

fy hoff ffilmiau my favourite films

ei hoff dîm pêl-droed his favourite football team

2 hoff wlad Duw God’s own country (“(the) favoured country (of) God”)

3 loved, liked

bod yn hoff gan to be liked by
Roedd e’n hoff gan bawb He was liked by everybody, he was well-liked

:_______________________________.

hoffi <HOO-fi> [ˡhoˑfɪ] (verb)
1 to like
Ych chi’n hoffi coffi? Do you like coffee? (a favourite phrase for learners of Welsh, though in fact leicio / lico is more usual in spoken Welsh, < English to like)

:_______________________________.

hoffter <HOO-fi> [ˡhoˑftɛr] (m)
1 liking

Cewch fyd o fwyhad, os oes ynoch fymryn o hoffter at nofelau antur
You’ll derive great enjoyment (from this book), if you are at all fond of adventure novels (“if there is in you a fragment of liking to adventure novels”)
ETYMOLOGY: (hoff- stem of hoffi = to like) + (-ter noun suffix)
:_______________________________.

hoffus <HOO-fis> [ˡhoˑfɪs] nice, likeable
:_______________________________.

hofran <HOV-ran> [ˡhɔvran] verb
1 to hover

2 pryf hofran hoverfly; Syrphus ribesii, and other flies of the Syrphidae family

:_______________________________.

hogan <HOO-gan> [ˡhoˑgan] (feminine noun)

1 see hogen

:_______________________________.

hogen, hogennod (’gennod) <HOO-gen, ho-GE-nod, GE-nod> [ˡhoˑgɛn, hɔˡgɛnɔd, ˡgɛnɔd] (feminine noun)
1 girl (north)

NOTE:

The plural form is often reduced to ’gennod <GE-nod> [ˡgɛnɔd]

North-west: hogan <HOO-gan> [ˡhoˑgan]

:_______________________________.

hogia <HOG-ya> [ˡhɔgja] (masculine noun)
1 lads (North-west Wales)

See hogyn

:_______________________________.

hogiau <HOG-yau, -ye> [ˡhɔgjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 lads (North Wales)

See hogyn

:_______________________________.

hogie <HOG-ye> [ˡhɔgjɛ] (masculine noun)
1 lads (North-east Wales)

See hogyn

:_______________________________.

hogwr penseli, hogwyr penseli <HOO-gur pen-SEE-li, HOG-wir pen-SEE-li> [ˡhoˑgʊr pɛnˡsɛlɪ, ˡhɔgwɪr pɛnˡsɛlɪ] (masculine noun)
1 pencil sharpener

:_______________________________.

hogyn, hogiau <HOO-gin, HOG-yai, -e> [ˡhoˑgɪn, ˡhɔgjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 lad (north)

Colloquially the plural is hogia (north-west), hogie (north-east)



(delwedd 7416)

:_______________________________.

holi <HOO-li> [ˡhoˑlɪ] (verb)
1 ask, enquire

2 holi mil a mwy o gwestiynau ynghylch rhywbeth ask thousands of questions about (something) (“a thousand and more of questions”)

3 holi meddwl rhywun ask somebody’s opinion
Yr oedd Mr Richards, Tregaron yn holi ei feddwl yn fynych
Mr Richards, Tregaron frequently asked his opinion
t54 / Y Trydydd Byr-gofiant... / John Evans, Abermeurig (1830-1917) / 1913

4 holi hanes (rhywbeth) find out about, get an account of

Y diwrnod hwnnw aethom i Wales, Wisconsin, i holi hanes y Cymry yno
That day we went to Wales, Wisconsin, to ask about the Welsh people there

:_______________________________.

holl <HOLH> [hɔɬ] (adjective)
1 all, whole

2 ymroddi eich holl egni i’r gwaith o... devote all one’s efforts to (“dedicate all your energy to the work of (doing...)”)

3 â’ch holl galon wholeheartedly

:_______________________________.

hollalluog <holh-a-LHII-og> [hɔɬaˡɬiˑɔg] (adjective)
1 almighty

:_______________________________.

holliach <HOLH-yakh> [ˡhɔɬjax] adjective
1 completely well, in perfect health
bod yn holliach be in sound health, fully recovered

ETYMOLOGY: (holl = complete) + (iach = healthy)

:_______________________________.

hollol <HO-lhol> [ˡhɔɬɔl] adjective
1 (after a noun) total, complete
dieithryn hollol a complete stranger
ffŵl hollol: gwneud ffŵl hollol ohonoch eich hun make a complete fool of yourself
twpsyn hollol a complete fool
twyll hollol downright swindle

2 (before an adjective) completely, totally
hollol ddiwerth completely useless
hollol glwm â inseparable from (“completely bound with”)
y peth hollol groes i the complete opposite of
bod yn hollol o ddifrif be in deadly earnest, be completely serious

bod yn hollol ddiystyr be completely meaningless, have no sense at all

3 (after adjective) completely, totally
enwau dieithr hollol totally foreign names
4 (adverb) yn hollol quite so, exactly

ETYMOLOGY: (holl = all) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

hollt 1<HOLHT> [hɔɬt] feminine noun
PLURAL holltau <HOLH-tai, -e> [ˡhɔɬtaɪ, -ɛ]
1 split, fissure, rift; split in something solid

2 cleavage between woman's breasts
yr hollt rhwng y bronnau cleavage between a woman's breasts (“the cleavage / split between the breasts”)

3 hollt y pen-ôl cleavage of the buttocks (“split (of) the back end”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *skolt
Breton faout (= a split; (adj) split)

Cf Welsh archoll (= a gash, a wound), tywallt (= to pour)
Irish: scoilt (= to split, to divide)

:_______________________________.

hollt 2<HOLHT> [hɔɬt] adjective
1 split
pys hollt split peas

2 morthwyl hollt claw hammer (“split hammer”)

3 (hair) blaen hollt, blaenau hollt <blain HOLHT, BLEI-nai, -ne, HOLHT> [ blaɪn ˡhɔɬt, ˡbləɪnaɪ, -ɛ, ˡhɔɬt] split end

ETYMOLOGY: hollt, stem of hollti (= to split)

:_______________________________.

hollti <HOLH-ti> [ˡhɔɬtɪ] (verb)
1 to split

2 hollti’r tonnau (ship) plough the waves (“split the waves”)

:_______________________________.

hollysol <holh-Ə-sol> [hɔɬˡəsɔl] adjective
1 omnivorous

ETYMOLOGY: (holl = all, everything) + (-ysol = -eating); (ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

hollysor <holh-Ə-sor> [hɔɬˡəsɔr] masculine noun
PLURAL hollysorion <holh-ə-SOR-yon> [hɔɬəˡsɔrjɔn]
1 omnivorous
hollysydd PLURAL holysyddion is the only form in Geiriadur yr Acádemi Cymreig
See -ysol

ETYMOLOGY: (holl = all, everything) + (-ysor = -eater, animal which eats); (ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-or suffix for indicating a an agent; from Latin -ârius, in words taken from Latin (canghellor (= chancellor) < cancellârius; afterwards used as a suffix with native words– telynor = harpist)

:_______________________________.

hon <HON> [hɔn] (feminine adjective)
1 (feminine) this
y gornel hon o’r ddaear this corner of the Earth

:_______________________________.

hon <HON> [hɔn] (feminine pronoun)
1 (feminine) this, this one
2 this woman

:_______________________________.

Honddu <HON-dhi> [ˡhɔnðɪ] (feminine noun)
1 (South-east) river name. See Aberhonddu

:_______________________________.

hongian <HONG-yan> [ˡhɔŋjan] (verb)
1 to hang
trwy hongian wrth eu traed â'u pennau i lawr y mae ystlumod yn cysgu

(it is) by hanging by their feet head-down (that) bats sleep
:_______________________________.

honna <HO-na> [ˡhɔna]
1 that one (feminine form)

2 that, that one; = that joke, that story
Mae honna’n hen ddihenydd That’s as old as the hills
Hen hen stori yw honna That story’s ancient (i.e. it’s been heard many times)

:_______________________________.

Hopcyn <HOP-kin> [ˡhɔpkɪn] (masculine noun)
1 (male name) Hopkin

2 ap Hopcyn and Popcyn patronymic – son of Hopkin

Occurs in English spelling as the surname Popkin

:_______________________________.

hopran <HO-pran> [ˡhɔpran] feminine noun
PLURAL hopranau, hoprod <ho-PRAA-nai, -ne, HO-prod> [hɔˡpraˑnaɪ, -ɛ, ˡhɔprɔd]
1 hopper = funnel through which material is channelled into a receptacle such as fuel into a furnace, or grain into a store

2 North Wales mouth
Cau dy hopran! shut your mouth!
Cau dy hen hopran fawr am unwaith! shut your big mouth for once!
Cau dy hopran, y lolyn gwirion iti! Shut your mouth, you daft fool!

3 glutton

ETYMOLOGY: hopran (two syllables) < *hoperan (three syllables) < English hopper + (-an = suffix)

:_______________________________.

Horeb <HOO-reb> [ˡhoˑrɛb]
1 (Bible) Horeb = mountain name, probably that of Mount Sinai.
It is the name of the mountain where Moses and Elijah stayed for forty days and where God made a covenant with the children of Israel

It is mentioned in :
Exodus 3:1 A Moses oedd yn hugeilio defaid Jethro ei chwegrwn, offeiriad Midian: ac efe a yrrodd y praidd o'r tu cefn i'r anialwch, ac a ddaeth i fynydd DUW, Horeb.
Exodus 3:1 Now Moses kept the flock of Jethro his father in law, the priest of Midian: and he led the flock to the backside of the desert, and came to the mountain of God, even to Horeb.

and in:
Exodus 17:6 Wele, mi a safaf o'th flaen yno ar y graig yn Horeb; taro dithau y graig, a daw dwfr allan ohoni, fel y gallo'r bobl yfed. A Moses a wnaeth felly yng ngolwg henuriaid Israel.
Exodus 17:6 Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people may drink. And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel.

2 chapel name

3 place name, from a chapel name
..1/ (SN/3942) locality in the county of Ceredigion, near Llandysul
..2/ locality in Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)

NOTE: The name was taken to mean 'desert', 'dry solitary place'.

:_______________________________.

hormon, hormonau <HOR-mon, hor-MOO-nai, -ne> [ˡhɔrmɔn, hɔrˡmɔnaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 hormone

:_______________________________.

hosan, hosannau <HO-san, ho-SA-nai, -e> [ˡhɔsan, hɔˡsanaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
(colloquially: ’sanne) <SA-ne> [ˡsanɛ]
1 stocking

2 gwisgo hosan o bob pâr wear odd socks (“wear (a) sock of each pair”)

3 bod yn dorchau (socks) be curled up
Roedd ei sanau’n dorchau am ei syrnau His socks were curled round his ankles

:_______________________________.

hostel, hostelau <HO-stel, ho-STE-lai, -e> [ˡhɔstɛl, hɔˡstɛlaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 hostel

2 hostel ieuenctid <HO-stel yei-ENGK-tid> [ˡhɔstɛl jəɪˡɛŋktɪd] youth hostel

:_______________________________.

hostela <ho-STEE-la> [hɔˡsteˑla] (verb)
1 to hostel

:_______________________________.

hostelwr, hostelwyr <ho-STEE-lur, ho-STEL-wir> [hɔˡsteˑlʊr, hɔˡstɛlwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 hosteller

:_______________________________.

howtin <HOU-tin> [ˡhɔʊtɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL howtinod <hou-TII-nod> [hɔʊˡtiˑnɔd]
1 (Coregonus oxyrinchus) houting (a fish found only in Denmark)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English < Dutch

:_______________________________.

hu
1 there is aspiration of an initial vowel certain possessive determiners
‘m (= my), ei (= her), ein (= our), eu (= their),
In this dictionary we mark this aspiration as h
a’m huwd and my porridge, uwd porridge
ei hunig fab her only son, unig fab only son
ein hundeb our (trade) union, undeb (trade) union
eu hutgyrn their trumpets utgorn, utgyrn trumpet, trumpets

:_______________________________.

hual <HII-al> [ˡhiˑal] masculine noun
PLURAL hualau <hi-AA-lai, -e> [hɪˡɑˑlaɪ, -ɛ]
1 shackle = iron ring with a chain around the ankle or wrist of a prisoner or slave to prevent escape

2 hualau hobble = cord or chain placed around the forelegs of an animal such as a goat or sheep to prevent it from wandering

3 hualau ties, shackles; anything which confines or restricts freedom
cael bod yn rhydd o’r hen hualau free oneself from the old shackles

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh hual < British; possibly < Latin *fûbula < fîbula (= clasp), possibly < fîgere (= fasten);
From the same British root: Breton hual (= shackle, hobble)

:_______________________________.

hualu <hi-AA-li> [hɪˡɑˑlɪ]
verb with an object
1 fetter, shackle

ETYMOLOGY: (hual = shackle) + (-u = suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

huan <HII-an> [ˡhiˑan] masculine or feminine noun
obsolete
1 sun

2 in house names and other place names:
Bodhuan (‘house (of the) sun’),
Bronhuan (‘hill (of the) sun’),
Huanfryn <hi-AN-vrin> [hɪˡanvrɪn] (‘sun-hill’)

3 adjective sunny

ETYMOLOGY: Unknown

:_______________________________.

hud <HIID> [ˡhiːd] masculine noun
PLURAL hudion <HID-yon> [ˡhɪdjɔn]
1 magic, sorcery; art of the control of hidden forces by means of secret knowledge
hud a lledrith sorcery, magic; (“magic and enchantment / illusion”)
gwlad hud a lledrith fairyland

2 magic = practice of this art
trwy hud by magic

3 magic = any event which seems to have no explanation

4 magic = art of producing illusions by sleight of hand
Y Cylch Hud the Magic Circle (association of professional conjurers)

5 charm, magic spell
bwrw hud ar cast a spell on, put a spell on
chwalu’r hud break the spell
dan hud under a spell, spellbound
rhoi hud ar cast a spell on, put a spell on
torri’r hud break the spell

6 magic, charm = pleasantness
hud noswaith nos haf the charm of a summer night

7 (adjective) magic
carped hud magic carpet
cast hud = conjuring trick
cymysgedd hud magic mixture, magic brew
geiriau hud magic words

8 ffon hud magic wand
hudlath magic wand (hud = magic) + soft mutation + (llath = stick)

9 Gwlad Hud Wonderland
Alys yng Ngwlad Hud Alice in Wonderland

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh hud < British < Celtic *soit-
From the same British root:
Cornish hus < Cornish antic hud (= enchantment),
Breton hud (= magic)

:_______________________________.

-hudd <HIIDH> [hiːð] adj

1 dark, gloomy

2 the word is found in:
anhuddo (= cover),
cyhuddo (= accuse),
dadannudd (obsolete; recover [property]),
dyhuddo (= cover)
huddo (= cover),

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

-huddo <HII-dho> [ˡhiˑðɔ] v
1 cover, hide, bury

2 (fire) bank = cover a fire (cover with ashes or fuel at night
to cause it to burn slowly and last until the morning, rake up the fire; damp down)
(in this sense it could be hosever a shortening of anhuddo = cover a fire)

3 stem of huddo (= cover),
Cf. anhuddo (= cover), cyhuddo (= accuse), dadannudd (obsolete; recover of property), dyhuddo (= cover)

ETYMOLOGY: (hudd = dark) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

huddugl (huddug) <HII-dhigl, HII-dhig> [ˡhiˑðɪgl, ˡhiˑðɪg] (masculine noun)
1 soot

:_______________________________.

hudladrata <hid-la-DRA-ta> [hɪdlaˡdrata] verb
1 (not in modern use) swindle
Yr oedd y dull y triniwyd John Roberts yn gynddrwg hudladrata a fu yn y byd erioed.
The way in which John Roberts was treated was as bad a case of swindling as ever there was

ETYMOLOGY: (hud = magic) + soft mutation + (lladrata = steal, rob)

:_______________________________.

hudlath <HID-lath> [ˡhɪdlaθ] feminine noun
PLURAL hudlathau <hid-LAA-thai, -e> [hɪdˡlɑˑθaɪ, -ɛ]
1 magic wand
Pe bai gennyf hudlath, ail-Gymreigio Powys wnawn i
If I had a magic wand, I’d make (the county of) Powys Welsh again

ETYMOLOGY: (hud = magic) + soft mutation + (llath = stick)

:_______________________________.

hudo <HII-do> [ˡhiˑdɔ]
verb with an object
1 charm = to put a magic spell on

2 charm = to cause to come into one’s possession
Methodd y porthmon â hudo’r punnoedd o bocedi’r ffermwyr
The cattle dealer failed to charm the pounds from the farmers’ pockets

3 entice = to attract by suggesting that a desire will be satisfied; to tempt
yr hysbysebion di-ri yn ein hudo ni i brynu álcohol
the endless adverts enticing us to buy alcohol

4 seduce (sexually)

5 lure = to attract a victim by falsely promising a reward, pleasure, safety, etc
hudo llong ar y creigiau to lure a ship onto the rocks

ETYMOLOGY: (hud = magic) + (-o = suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

hudol <HII-dol> [ˡhiˑdɔl] (adjective)
1 enchanted, magic

2 There is a street called Dôlhudol (“Dol Hudol”) in Cyffordd Llandudno (county of Conwy), apparently (without having looked at any earlier forms of the name) “enchanted meadow” (or possibly dôl yr hudol
“(the) meadow (of ) the sorceror”

3 Llwynhudol (“Llwyn Hudol”) Name of a house in Bangor (county of Gwynedd)

(llwyn = grove)

ETYMOLOGY: (hud = magic) + (-ol adjectival suffix)

:_______________________________.

hudol <HII-dol> [ˡhiˑdɔl] masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL hudoliaid, hudolion ‹hi-DOL-yaid –yed, hi-DOL-yon› [hɪˡdɔljaɪd, hɪˡdɔljɛd, hɪˡdɔljɔn]
1 sorceror, magician

Malachi 3:5 A mi a nesâf atoch chwi i farn; a byddaf `dyst cyflym yn erbyn yr hudolion, ac yn erbyn y godinebwyr, ac yn erbyn yr anudonwyr, ac yn erbyn camatalwyr cyflog y cyflogedig
Malachi 3:5 And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against false swearers, and against those that oppress the hireling in his wages

Craig yr Hudol (“Craig-yr-hudol”) SS8989 (Height: 355 metres) “(the) rock / crag (of) the sorceror” to the west of Pont-y-rhyl in Cwm Garw, Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr

Also a farm Craigyrhudol (“Craig-yr-hudol”) S8988 south-west of the hill, at the bottom of the slope

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=169605

ETYMOLOGY: the adjective hudol (= enchanted, magic) used as noun

:_______________________________.

hudoles <hi-DOO-les> [hɪˡdoˑlɛs] feminine noun
PLURAL hudolesau <hi-do-LE-sai, -e> [hɪdɔˡlɛsaɪ, -ɛ]
1 sorceress, enchantress

Eiseia 57:3 Nesewch yma, meibion yr hudoles, had y godinebus a’r butain
Isaiah 57:3 But draw near hither, ye sons of the sorceress, the seed of the adulterer and the whore.

2 seductress, woman who seduces men

ETYMOLOGY: (hudol = magician) + (-es suffix for forming nouns indicating a female)

:_______________________________.

hudoliaeth <hi-DOL-yaith, -yeth> [hɪˡdɔljaɪθ, -ɛθ] feminine noun
PLURAL hudoliaethau <hi-dol-YEI-thai, -e> [hɪdɔlˡjəɪθaɪ, -ɛ]
1 enchantment, charm, attraction, lure = attractiveness of a place, a person

2 sorcery, magic, witchcraft

3 deceit

Thesaloniaid-1 2:3 Canys ein cyngor ni nid oedd o hudoliaeth nac o aflendid, nac mewn twyll
Thessalonians-1 2:3 For our exhortation was not of deceit, nor of uncleanness, nor in guile

Sant Marc 4-19 Ac y mae gofalon y byd hwn, a hudoliaeth golud, a chwantau am bethau eraill, yn dyfod i mewn, ac yn tagu’r gair, a myned y mae yn ddiffrwyth
Mark 4:19 And the cares of this world, and the deceitfulness of riches, and the lusts of other things entering in, choke the word, and it becometh unfruitful.

ETYMOLOGY: (hudol = magician) + (-iaeth = suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

hudwaith <HID-waith> [ˡhɪdwaɪθ] masculine noun
1 trickery, illusion

2 hudwaith llaw sleight of hand

ETYMOLOGY: (hud = magic) + soft mutation + (gwaith = work)

:_______________________________.

hufen, hufenau <HII-ven, hi-VEE-nai, -e> [ˡhiˑvɛn, hɪˡveˑnaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 cream

2 bynsen hufen cream bun

:_______________________________.

hufen chwip <HII-ven KHWIP> [ˡhiˑvɛn ˡxwɪp]
1 whipped cream

ETYMOLOGY: (hufen = cream) + (chwip, stem of the verb chwipio = to whip). Verbstems are used as past participles in Welsh.

:_______________________________.

hufenfa <hi-VEN-va> [hɪˡvɛnva] feminine noun
PLURAL hufenféydd <hi-ven-VEIDH> [hɪvɛnˡvəɪð]
1 creamery

ETYMOLOGY: (hufen = cream) + (-fa suffix = ‘place’)
NOTE: also ffatri laeth (“factory (of) milk”)

:_______________________________.

hufen iâ <hi-ven YAA> [hɪvɛn ˡjɑː] masculine noun
1 ice cream

:_______________________________.

hufen tolch <HII-ven TOLKH> [ˡhiˑvɛn ˡtɔlx] masculine noun
1 clotted cream

ETYMOLOGY: (hufen = cream) + (tolch = clotted, past participle of tolchi = to clot)

:_______________________________.

hugan, huganau <HI-gan, hi-GAA-nai, -e> [ˡhɪgan,hɪˡgɑˑnaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 cape

:_______________________________.

hulio <HIL-yol> [ˡhɪljɔ] (verb)
1 hulio bwrdd ‹HIL yo BURDH› (Proverbs 9:2) set the table

:_______________________________.

hun 1 ‹HIIN› (feminine noun)
1 sleep

2 (North Wales) cae’r hun bed (“(the) field (of) the sleep”)

3 cyntun nap, short sleep, snooze, forty-winks

This is literally “first sleep” (cynt- = first) + (hun = sleep)
cael cyntun have a nap

:_______________________________.

hun 2 ‹HIIN› (pronoun)
1 oneself
fe ei hun ‹HIIN; vee i HIIN› himself

eich cyfyngu eich hun i restrict yourself to, confine yourself to

Daeth Gerallt yn ôl i Gymru i wasanaethu'r eglwys, ond ni fwriadodd erioed gyfyngu ei hun i fynachdy.
Gerallt [Gymro] came back to Wales to serve the church, but he never intended to confine himself to a monastery.

2 bod yn debycach i chi eich hun unwaith eto become your old self again, regain vitality (“be more like to you yourself once again”)

:_______________________________.

hunan 1 ‹HIIN› (masculine noun)
1 oneself

2 fe ei hunan (South Wales) ‹HI nan; ve i HI nan› (pronoun) himself (South)

3 Helynt ni ddaw ei hunan It never rains but it pours, troubles never come singly (“trouble never comes by itself / unaccompanied”)

:_______________________________.

hunan 2 ‹HI nan› (prefix) auto-, self-

:_______________________________.

hunain ‹HI nen› (pronoun)
1 selves
2 nhw eu hunain ‹nhu i HU nen› themselves

:_______________________________.

hunanddistryw ‹HII-nan dhis -triu› (m)
1 self destruction, (figuratively) suicide
cyflawni hunanddistryw gwleidyddol commit politicial suicide

ETYMOLOGY: (hunan = self-, auto-) + soft mutation + (distryw = destruction )
:_______________________________.

hunandyb ‹hi-NAN-dib› [hɪˡnandɪb] (m)
1 presumption, conceit, self-importance
ETYMOLOGY: (hunan = self-, auto-) + soft mutation + (tyb = opinion, supposition)
:_______________________________.

hunandybus ‹HII-nan-DƏ-bis› [ˡhiˑnanˡdəbɪs] (adj)
1 jumped-up, presumptious, self-important, conceited
pobl falch a hunadybus self-satisfied and self-important people
rhai mor uffernol o hunan-dybus, boddhaus a haerllug people terribly self-important, self-satisfied and insolent

ETYMOLOGY: (hunandyb = self-, auto-) + soft mutation + (hunandyb = self-importance)

:_______________________________.

hunanfanteisol ‹HII-nan van- tei -shol› (adj)
1 for one’s own advantage
diddordebau hunanfanteisiol selfserving interests

ETYMOLOGY: (hunan = self-, auto-) + soft mutation + (manteisiol advantageous)

:_______________________________.

hunangofiannol ‹HII-nan gov- ya -nol› adjective
1 autobiographical

ETYMOLOGY: (hunangofiant = autobiography) + (-ol, suffix for forming adjectives) nt > nh

:_______________________________.

hunangofiannydd ‹HII-nan gov- ya -nidh› masculine noun
PLURAL hunangofianwyr ‹HII-nan gov-yan-wir›
1 autobiographer

ETYMOLOGY: (hunangofiant = autobiography) + (-ydd noun suffix for indicating a device or an agent) nt > nh

:_______________________________.

hunangofiant ‹HII-nan gov -yant› masculine noun
PLURAL hunangofiannau‹HII-nan gov- ya -ne›
1 autobiography, memoir

ETYMOLOGY: (hunan = self-, auto-) + soft mutation + (cofiant = biography)

:_______________________________.

hunangynhaliol ‹HII nan gə NHAL yol› (adjective)
1 self-sufficient

:_______________________________.

hunanladdgar ‹HII-nan LADH gar› (adjective)
1 having suicidal tendencies

:_______________________________.

hunanladdiad, hunanladdiadau ‹HII-nan LADH yad, hi na ladh YA de› (masculine noun)
1 suicide
2 cyflawni hunanladdiad commit suicide

:_______________________________.

hunangeisiol ‹HII-nan gei -shol› adjective
1 self-seeking
gymdeithas hunanol, hunangeisiol a selfish, self-seeking society

ETYMOLOGY: (hunan-gais = self-seeking) + soft mutation + (cais = attempt, try)

:_______________________________.

hunanobsesiwn ‹HII-nan ob-se-shun› masculine noun
1 self-obsession

ETYMOLOGY: (hunan = self-, auto-) + (obsesiwn = obsession)

:_______________________________.

hunanobsesiynol ‹HII-nan ob-se-shə-nol› adjective
1 self-obsessed

ETYMOLOGY: (hunan-obsesiwn = self-obsession) + (-ol, suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

hunanol ‹hi NA nol› (adjective)
1 selfish

:_______________________________.

hunanoldeb ‹hi na NOL deb› (masculine noun)
1 selfishness

:_______________________________.

hunllef (hunlle’) ‹HIN lhe› (feminine noun)
1 nightmare

:_______________________________.

hunllefus ‹hin LHE vis› (adjective)
1 nightmarish

:_______________________________.

huno ‹hî -no›
1 sleep, slumber
Medrais huno am bedair awr y noson honno cyn cael fy neffro gan un o’m cyd-filwyr
I was able to sleep for four hours that night before being wakened by one of my fellow soldiers

2 pass away, die
Bu Mrs Jones yn dioddef ers peth amser cyn huno yn Ysbyty’r Mynyddbychan ddiwedd mis Ebrill
Mrs Jones had suffered for some time before passing away in Mynyddbychan Hospital at the end of April

huno yn yr Arglwydd to fall asleep in the Lord, to die

huno yn yr angau sleep the sleep of death, die (“sleep in the death”)

Salmau 13:3 Edrych, a chlyw fi, O ARGLWYDD fy NUW; ac goleua fy llygaid, rhag i mi huno yn yr angau:
Psalms 13:3 Consider and hear me, O LORD my God: lighten mine eyes, lest I sleep the sleep of death;

3 sleep = have eternal rest, be dead. (Seen especially in inscriptions on gravestones)

Huned mewn hedd May he / she sleep in peace

4 dihuno wake up = stop sleeping; wake up = cause to stop sleeping

ETYMOLOGY: British < Celtic < Indo-European sopno-s (= sleep); Cornish hun (= sleep), Breton hun (= sleep).
Hibernian languages: Irish sua (= sleep).
From the same Indo-European root: Latin somnus (= sleep), and from here Catalan son (= sleep)

:_______________________________.

hur-bwrcas ‹hiir- bur -kas› masculine noun
1 hire purchase (HP)
prynu drwy hur-bwrcas to buy on HP

ETYMOLOGY: direct translation of English hire purchase (hur = hire) + soft mutation + (pwrcas = purchase, buying )

:_______________________________.

hurio ‹hin LHE vis›
1 to hire

:_______________________________.

hurito ‹HIRT yo› verb
1 (verb without an object) go mad, be driven crazy
yfed nes hurtio drink oneself stupid

:_______________________________.

hurtyn ‹ hir -tin› masculine noun
PLURAL hurtion ‹ hirt -yon›
1 idiot, blockhead, dolt, fool, oaf, fool, cretin, numskull

Pwy wnaeth? Yr hurtyn mab sy gynni-hi wnaeth, wrth gwrs
Who did it? That cretin of a son of hers did it, of course

2 hurtyn geni = congenital oaf

ETYMOLOGY: (hurt = stupid) + (-yn suffix to make a noun from an adjective)

:_______________________________.

Huw ‹HIU› (masculine noun)
1 (male) Hugh

2 ap Huw son of Hugh

Llywelyn ap Huw Llywelyn son [of] Huw

Puw coalesced form of ap Huw (In English spelling Anglicised as Pugh. Pugh is in use a surname)

3 Huw son of Hugh

Llywelyn Huw Llywelyn [son] [of] Huw

(In English spelling as Hugh. As a surname: Hugh; with the addition of the English possessive suffix -es: Hughes)

:_______________________________.

Huwcyn ‹HIU kin› (masculine noun)
1 (Huw + cyn) diminutive of Huw

:_______________________________.

hw
1 there is aspiration of an initial vowel certain possessive determiners
’m (= my), ei (= her), ein (= our), eu (= their),

In this dictionary we mark this aspiration as h
a’m hwyneb and my face, wynebc face
ei hwyau her eggs, wy, wyau egg, eggs
ein hŵyr our grandson, ŵyr grandson
eu hwyrion their grandchildren, ŵyr, wyrion grandson, grandchildren

:_______________________________.

hw
South-western pronunciation of words with initial chw-
In the south-east, the initial h is lost

∆

North Wales

South-west Wales

South-east Wales

chwilio (= to look for)

hwilo

wilo

chwannen (= flea)

hwannen

wannan

chwaer (= sister)

hwaar

waar > wäär

chwech (= six)

hwech

wech

(The usual representation of this sound in dialect writing is wh-, a grapheme borrowed from English – whilo, whannen, whâr, whech, etc, though hw- is a better spelling, as in modern Cornish; and it shows a clearer relationship with the original sound spelt chw-; thus hwilo, hwannen, hwâr, hwech)

:_______________________________.

hwap ‹HWAP› (adverb)
1 like lightning

:_______________________________.

hwbwb ‹hu -bub› masculine noun
1 hubbub, clamour

2 noisy quarrel; dispute
In Llwyneliddon (county of Bro Morgannwg) there is Trehwbwb (tre = village), which in 1762 was Tir Wbwb (the loss of h is typical of south-eastern Welsh) “disputed land”
(tir = land) + (hwbwb = hubbub, dispute)

ETYMOLOGY: English hubbub, probably from Irish. In Scottish (Gàidhlig) there is ubub!, an expression of contempt
NOTE: Also iwbwb

:_______________________________.

hwch, hychod <HUUKH, Həə-khod> [huːx, ˡhəˑxɔd] (feminine noun)
1 sow

2 (in earlier Welsh it referred to a pig in general, not necessarily a female pig; GPC page 1880)

2 gwneud clust fel hwch mewn haidd prick up your ears
(“make (the) ear like (a) sow in barley”)

3 bod fel ci a'r hwch (boyfriend and girlfriend, man and wife, etc) live a cat and dog life (“be like a dog and the sow”)

4 morhwch porpoise (the standard form is llamhidydd) “sow / pig of sea” (môr = sea) + (hwch = sow; formerly pig)

:_______________________________.

Hwfa ‹HUU-va› [ˡhuˑva] (m)
1 medieval male personal name, found especially in place names in North Wales

..a/ ab Hwfa / ap Hwfa > *Pwfa son of Hwfa, a patronymic which, Anglicised, became the surname Povey

..b/ Pont-hwfa SH2482 village west of Caergybi (Ynys Môn)

(“pont Hwfa”) “(the) bridge (of) Hwfa”, Hwfa’s bridge

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=344270 map

..c/ Carreghwfa name of a communtiy on the border with England. It includes the Welsh half of the village of Llanymynech (the other half of the village is on the English side of the border).

(“carreg Hwfa”) “(the) stone (of) Hwfa”, Hwfa’s stone

The English use the form Careghofa / Carreghofa for this community.

The name is to be seen on the map in Plas Carreghwfa / Carreghofa Hall SJ2521

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=289269 Plas Carreghwfa

..d/ Rhostrehwfa SH4474 village south-west of Llangefni (“Rhostrehwfa” on the Ordnace Survey map)

(“rhos Trehwfa”) “(the) moorland (of) Trehwfa”.

Trehwfa is “tre Hwfa” “(the) trêv / manor (of) Hwfa”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/887526 Rhostrehwfa

..e/ Hwfa Môn Pseudonym of William Rowlands (1823-1905), an Independent minister and archdruid of Wales. He was born at Pen-y-graig, Trefdraeth, Ynys Môn, but when he was five years old his family moved to Rhostrehwfa.

“Hwfa (from) (the island of) Môn / Anglesey”

..f/ Ffordd Hwfa. Name of a street in Llangefni, Ynys Môn
“(the) road (of) Hwfa”, Hwfa’s road, Hwfa Road

..g/ Ffordd Hwfa. Name of a street in Bangor, Gwynedd
“(the) road (of) Hwfa”, Hwfa’s road, Hwfa Road

..h/ Bwlch Hwfa place at Llanffestiniog, Gwynedd

“(the) gap / pass (of) Hwfa”, Hwfa’s gap

..i/ Brynhwfa name of a building in Llangefni, Ynys Môn (“Bryn Hwfa”)

“(the) hill (of) Hwfa”, Hwfa’s hill

..g/ Cwrt-hwfa. Name of a street in Bangor, Gwynedd (“Cwrt Hwfa”)
“(the) court (of) Hwfa”, Hwfa’s court

..g/ Berth-hwfa (= Perth-hwfa). Place noted in Calvanistic Methodist Births and Baptisms for Trefdraeth, Ynys Môn (9 Mar 1835, Elinor Jones) (“Berth Hwfa”)
“(the) bush / hedge (of) Hwfa”, Hwfa’s bush

:_______________________________.

hwian ‹HWII-an› (v)
1 sing a lullaby

:_______________________________.

hwiangerdd ‹hwi-AN-gerdh› feminine noun
PLURAL hwiangerddi ‹hwi-an-GER-dhi›
1 nursery rhyme

ETYMOLOGY: (hwian = sing a lullaby) + soft mutation + (cerdd = song)
:_______________________________.

hwilber <HWIL-ber> [ˡhwɪlbɛr] feminine noun
PLURAL hwilberi <hwil-BEE-ri> [hwɪlˡbeˑrɪ] 1 (South Wales) wheelbarrow

2 (South-east Wales) idiot

3 cario mwg mewn hwilber (“carry smoke in a wheelbarrow”) try to do the impossible
(Also: cario mwg mewn berfa (“carry smoke in a wheelbarrow”))

ETYMOLOGY: English wheelbarrow (wheel) + (barrow < Old English)

:_______________________________.

hwirglo <HWIR-glo> [ˡhwɪrglɔ] (f)
1 (South Wales - county of Penfro) hwirglo < wirglo, soft-mutated form of gwirglo, a variant form of gweirglodd (qv) (= hay meadow)

:_______________________________.

Y Hwirglo Ware <HWIR-glo WAA-rai, -re> [ˡhwɪrglɔ ˡwɑˑraɪ, -rɛ]
1 (= Y Weirglodd Chwarae) (‘the meadow of playing’) common land in San Clêr (county of Caerfyrddin) (year 1838, noted in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary, page 1622) .

:_______________________________.

Hwlffwrdd <HUL-fordh> [ˡhʊlfɔrð] (feminine noun)
1 town in south-west Wales

:_______________________________.

Hwmffre <HUM-fre> [ˡhʊmfrɛ]
1 man's name = Humphrey

2 ap Hwmffre “son of Hwmffre”
(ap = son, < ab < fab, soft-mutated form of mab = son) + (Hwmffre)
..1/ patronymic = son of Hwmffre
..2/ surname (ap Hwmffre > Pwmffre o Hwmffre) = descendent of the son of Hwmffre
Anglicised form = Pumphrey, Pomffrey, Humphrey, Humphreys

ETYMOLOGY: French < Germanic; “giant” + “peace”

:_______________________________.

hwn <HUN> [hʊn] (pronoun)
1 this

:_______________________________.

hwn acw <hun A-ku> [hʊn ˡakʊ] masculine pronoun
1 that one over there, the one over there
North Wales nacw ‹na -ku› (loss of the first syllable)
(South Wales) hwnco, ’wnco ‹hun -ko, un -ko›

2 hwn acw yn y fan acw that one over there in that place over there
(North Wales) nacw’n fancw
(South Wales) hwnco manco (qv)

ETYMOLOGY: hwn acw < hwn aco < hwn rhaco (rhag = in front)
South Wales: hwnco < hwn aco < hwn rhaco

:_______________________________.

hwn acw yn y fan acw <hun A-ku ən ə van A-ku> [hʊn ˡakʊ ən ə van ˡakʊ] masculine pronoun
1 that one over there, the one over there
(North Wales) nacw’n fancw ‹na -kun van -ku› (loss of the first syllable, acw ‹a -ku› > cw ‹ku›)
(South Wales) hwnco manco, ’wnco / wwnco ‹hun -ko, un -ko / wun -ko›

2 hwn acw yn y fan acw that one over there in that place over there
(North Wales) nacw’n fancw
(South Wales) hwnco manco (qv)

ETYMOLOGY: hwn acw yn y man acw (hwn = this one) + (acw = over there) + (yn y man = in the place) + (acw = over there)

:_______________________________.

hwnco <HUN-co> [ˡhʊncɔ] masculine pronoun
South Wales
1 that one over there; see hwn acw
NOTE: also wwnco <WUN-co> [ˡwʊncɔ]

:_______________________________.

hwnco manco <HUN-ko MAN-ko> [ˡhʊnkɔ ˡmankɔ] masculine pronoun
1 that one over there, that one up there, that one down there
Hwnco manco yw’r enillydd? Is that the winner over there?
NOTE: also wwnco <WUN-ko> [ˡwʊnkɔ]
In North Wales – nacw’n fancw <NA-kun VAN-ku> [ˡnakʊn ˡvankʊ]

ETYMOLOGY: hwn aco (yn y) man aco = hwn acw yn y man acw (hwn = this one) + (acw = over there) + (yn y man = in the place) + (acw = over there)

:_______________________________.

hwndrwd <HUN-drud> [ˡhʊndrʊd] masculine noun
PLURAL hwndrydau <hun-DRƏƏ-dai, -de> [hʊnˡdrəˑdaɪ, -dɛ]
1 hundred = an administrative divison of a county

Hwndrwd Meisgyn The Hundred of Meisgyn / Miskin

Hwndrwd Cibwr The Hundred of Cibwr / Kibbor

ETYMOLOGY: English hundred, an Anglian-Saxon

:_______________________________.

Hwngareg ‹hun-GAA-reg› [hʊnˡgɑˑrɛg] (feminine noun, adjective)
1 Hungarian

:_______________________________.

Hwngari <HUNG-ga-ri> [ˡhʊŋgarɪ] (feminine noun)
1 Hungary

:_______________________________.

hwnna <HU-na> [ˡhʊna] (pronoun) that one (masculine)

:_______________________________.

Hwntw, Hwntws <HUN-tu, HUN-tus> [ˡhʊntʊ, ˡhʊntʊs] (masculine noun)
1 Southerner, person from South Wales (nickname)

:_______________________________.

hwrdai <HUR-dai> [ˡhʊrdaɪ]
1 plural of hwrdy = whorehouse, brithel, bordello

:_______________________________.

hwrdd, hyrddod 1 <HURDH, HƏR-dhod> [hʊrð, ˡhərðɔd] (masculine noun)
1 ram
2 yr Hwrdd (Astrology) Aries

:_______________________________.

hwrdd, hyrddod 2 <HURDH, HƏRDH-yai, -ye> [ˡhʊrð, ˡhərðjaɪ, -jɛ] (masculine noun)
1 impulse, thrust
2 hwrdd o dymer fit of temper
3 cwrdd (â rhywun) = to meet (somebody)

ETYMOLOGY: cwrdd < cw-WRDD < cw-HWRDD < cy-HWRDD
(cy- / cyf- prefix = together) + (hwrdd = impulse, thrust, blow)

:_______________________________.

hwrdy <HUR-di> [ˡhʊrdɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL hwrdai <HUR-dai> [ˡhʊrdaɪ]
1 whorehouse, brothel, bordello

ETYMOLOGY: (hwr = whore) + soft mutation + (ty = house)

:_______________________________.

hwren <HUU-ren> [ˡhuˑrɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL hwrod <HUU-rod> [ˡhuˑrɔd]
1 (offensive) whore, slut, shagbag

ETYMOLOGY: (hwr = whore) + (-en diminutive suffix added to nouns); hwr < English whore < Old English hôre. Related to Latin carus (= dear)

:_______________________________.

hwrgi <HUR-gi> [ˡhʊrgɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL hwrgwn, hwrgwns <HUR-gun, HUR-guns> [ˡhʊrgʊn, ˡhʊrgʊns]
1 fornicator

ETYMOLOGY: (hwr = whore) + soft mutation + (ci = dog; also used in compound words as a slighting term for a man)

:_______________________________.

hwrio <HUR-yo> [ˡhʊrjɔ] verb
1 (verb without an object) to whore, to go whoring, have sex with whores

ETYMOLOGY: (hwr = whore) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

hwriwr <HUR-yur> [ˡhʊrjʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL hwrwyr <HUR-wir> [ˡhʊrwɪr]
(North Wales)
1 whore chaser, man who has sex with whores

ETYMOLOGY: (hwr- stem of hwrio = to whore, to go whoring) + (-i-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

hwrjwr <HUR-jur> [ˡhʊrʤʊr] m
PLURAL hwrjwyr <HURJ-wir> [ˡhʊrʤwɪr]
1 (North Wales) hwrjwr cyffuriau drug pusher, drug dealer, drug trafficker

ETYMOLOGY: (hwrj- stem of hwrjio = urge, sell) + (-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

hwtrwr <HU-trur> [ˡhʊtrʊr] m
PLURAL hwtrwyr <HUTR-wir> [ˡhʊtrwɪr]
1 (South Wales) hwtrwr cyffuriau drug pusher, drug dealer, drug trafficker

ETYMOLOGY: hwrtwr < *hwrtrwr (hwrt- stem of hwrto = urge, force on, sell) (-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

hwsmon <HUS-mon> [ˡhʊsmɔn] masculine noun
PLURAL hwsmyn <HUS-min> [ˡhʊsmɪn]
1 husbandman
2 (North Wales) head farmservant, foreman, farm bailiff

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh hwsbond < Middle English hous-bond ‹húzbənd› (= farmer), with the final element “bond” replaced by -mon (= man) < dialect English mon (= man).
The word housbond < Old Norse hûsbôndi, < hus (= house), bôndi (= head of a household) < boa (= to live, inhabit)
Cf modern Norwegian bonde (= farmer), bo (= live, inhabit)

:_______________________________.

hwy <HUI> [hʊɪ] (pronoun)
1 (formal Welsh) they

In colloquial Welsh this is nhw or nw

:_______________________________.

hwy <HUI> [hʊɪ] adjective
1 longer (comparative form of hir = long)
dwywaith yn hwy na (rhywbeth) twice as long as, double the length of
bod ddwywaith yn hwy na (rhywbeth) be twice as long as, be double the length of

:_______________________________.

hwyaden, hwyaid <hui-AA-den, HUI-aid, -ed> [hʊɪˡɑˑdɛn, ˡhʊɪaɪd, -ɛd] (masculine noun)
1 duck
2 oer fel troed hwyaden (“cold like foot (of) duck”, as cold as a duck’s foot)

moch dysg nawf mab hwyad (saying; archaic Welsh) a duckling quickly learns to swim

(‘(it is) rapid (that) learns swimming (a) son / child / young one (of) ducks’)

3 penhwyad (Sphyraena sphyraena) = pike
“head (of) duck”, “duck-head” (pen = head) + (hwyad = duck)

:_______________________________.

hwyaden lydanbig <hui-AA-den lə-DAN-big> [hʊɪˡɑˑdɛn ləˡdanbɪg] (f)
PLURAL hwyad llydanbig <HUI-ad lhə-DAN-big> [ˡhʊɪad ɬəˡdanbɪg]
1 (Anas clypeata) shoveller

ETYMOLOGY: (hwyaden = duck) + soft mutation + (llydanbig = wide-beaked)

:_______________________________.

hwyl, hwyliau (1) <HUIL, HUIL-yai, -ye> [hʊɪl, ˡhʊɪljaɪ, -jɛ] (feminine noun)
1 emotion

2 mynd i hwyl dros (rywbeth) get all excited about, become enthusiastic about

3 fun
cael hwyl a hanner have a grand old time, have a really great time (“get fun and (a) half”)
difetha hwyl rhywun spoil somebody’s fun
torri ar hwyl rhywun spoil somebody’s fun

4 cael hwyl ardderchog have a great time

5 high spirits

Roedd criw bach mewn hwyl o gwmpas y bwrdd wrth y ffenestr yn y dafarn
There was a small group in high spirits arounnd a table by the window in the tavern
:_______________________________.

hwyl, hwyliau (2) <HUIL, HUIL-yai, -ye> [hʊɪl, ˡhʊɪljaɪ, -jɛ] (feminine noun)
1 sail

:_______________________________.

hwylio <HUIL-YO> [ˡhʊɪljɔ]
(verb with an object):

1 prepare (something), get (something) ready
hwylio bwyd = prepare some food
hwylio’r bwyd = prepare the food
hwylio brecwast = prepare breakfast
hwylio cinio = prepare dinner, lunch
hwylio te = prepare tea
hwylio swper = prepare supper
hwylio'r bwrdd prepare the table, set the table

2 eich hwylio eich hun get oneself ready
Cafodd ei frecwast ac aeth i’w hwylio ei hun He had breakfast and went to get himself ready

3 sail (a ship), steer (a ship)

4 take, transport
Bu rhaid hwylio'r ddau hogyn am yr ysgol We had to take the two lads to school

5 to wheel something, push (something on wheels) (bicycle, wheelbarrow, trolley, pram) (possibly through the influence of English to wheel)
Hwyliodd y troli ar hyd y palmant He wheeled the trolley along the pavement

(verb without an object):

6 prepare to, get ready to
pan ddaeth yn amser hwylio i fynd i'r capel
when the time came to get ready to go to the chapel

Roedd y trên yn hwylio cychwyn allan The train was getting ready to leave

Roedd yn amser hwylio mynd i'r gwely i bawb erbyn inni gyrraedd
By the time we arrived it was time for everybody to get ready for bed

7 sail
hwylio ar led sail to foreign parts, sail abroad
hwylio yn agos i’r gwynt / hwylio yn agos at y gwynt sail close to the wind; (figuratively) undertake a difficult course, take a risk, lay oneself open to disaster

8 set sail = begin a voyage
Bydd y llong yn hwylio nos yfory The ship will set sail tomorrow night

9 set about doing something
hwylio codi start getting up
hwylio ati set to it, start a task

10 sail = float
hedyn dant y llew yn hwylio ar awelig a dandelion seed floating on a breeze

11 (wind) hwylio i lawr to drop

ETYMOLOGY: (hwyl = sail; journey) (-io suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: Also: hwilio (diphthong wy > consonant + vowel wi)

:_______________________________.

1 hwyr <HUIR> [hʊɪr] (adjective)
1 late

2 llosgi’r gannwyll yn hwyr burn the midnight oil (“burn the candle late”)

3 ymhén yr hir a’r hwyr with the passage of time, over time

:_______________________________.

hwyr <HUIR> [hʊɪr]
PLURAL hwyrau <HUI-rai, -re> [ˡhʊɪraɪ, -rɛ]
1 evening
gyda’r hwyr in the evening
Salmau 59:6 Dychwelant gyda’r hwyr, cyfarthant fel cŵn, ac amgylchant y ddinas.
Psalms 59:6 They return at evening: they make a noise like a dog, and go round about the city

am saith yn yr hwyr at seven in the evening
hwyr a bore night and morning
yn yr hwyr in the evening

Salmau 55:17 Hwyr a bore, a hanner dydd, y gweddïaf, a byddaf daer: ac efe a glyw fy lleferydd.
Psalms 55:17 Evening, and morning, and at noon, will I pray, and cry aloud: and he shall hear my voice.

2 yn awel yr hwyr in the cool of the evening

3 seren yr hwyr the evening star, the planet Venus

4 melyn yr hwyr (Oenothera biennis) Evening primrose (“yellow (flower) (of) the evening”)

5 rhy hwyr edifaru wedi llosgi’r ty it’s no use crying over spilt milk (“(it-is) too late regretting after (the) burning (of) the house”)

6 Gwell hwyr na hwyrach Better late than never (“Better late than (even) later”)

7 Wedi neidio rhy hwyr peidio Look before you leap (“after jumping too late not ‹to jump›”)

ETYMOLOGY: Probably from British, given the similarity with hir (= long), hwy (= longer). If not, from Latin sêr-us (= late)

:_______________________________.

hwyrach <HUI-rakh> [ˡhʊɪrax]
1 (adjective) later

2 (adverb) (North Wales) perhaps, maybe

Colloquially also hwrach ‹HUU-rakh› [ˡhuˑrax] (reduction of the pretonic diphthing wy > simple vowel w, a feature of other words in Welsh, especially gwybod (= to know) > gwbod).

Also wrach ‹UU-rakh› [ˡuˑrax] , with loss of the initial h

Hwyrach nad yw’n wir Maybe it’s not true
(Synonyms of hwyrach: efallai / gall / dichon)

Originally hwyrach (= perhaps) was nid hwyrach (= not later), and the pretonic nid fell away - as it has in the negative forms of verbs (nid oedd = it wasn’t > doedd)

A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative. John Morris(-)Jones, 1913. Page 437: It is curious that nid hwyrach is generally reduced to hwyrach in the recent period, though it survives ias tw(y)rach in Gwyn. dial. (= Gwynedd dialect)

twyrach <TUI-rakh> [ˡtʊɪrax]
twrach <TUU-rakh> [ˡtuˑrax] ,

..1 nid hwyrach > *nitwyrach (d-h > t)

..2 *nitwyrach > twyrach (loss of the pretonic syllable)

..3 twyrach > twrach (reduction of the pretonic diphthing wy > simple vowel w, a feature of other words in Welsh, especially gwybod (= to know) > gwbod)

Corninthiaid-1 16-6 Ac nid hwyrach yr arhosaf gyda chwi, neu y gaeafaf hefyd, fel y’m hebryngoch i ba le bynnag yr elwyf.
Corinthians-1 16-6 And it may be that I will abide, yea, and winter with you, that ye may bring me on my journey whithersoever I go.

:_______________________________.

hwyrddydd <HUIR-dhidd> [ˡhʊɪrðɪdd] masculine noun
PLURAL hwyrddyddiau <huir-DHƏDH-yai, -ye> [hʊɪrˡðəðjaɪ, -jɛ]
1 evening; dusk, twilight

2 yn hwyrddydd eich oes in your twilight years, in the evening of your life
yn hwyrddydd eich bywyd in your twilight years, in the evening of your life

3 hwyrddydd einioes the twilight years, the evening of one’s life (“evening (of) life”)

Yn y tŷ hwnnw y treuliodd y tad a’r fam hwyrddydd einioes
In that house the father and the mother spent the evening of their years

ETYMOLOGY: “late-day” (hwyr = late) + soft mutation + (dydd = day). Neologism from the 1800s

:_______________________________.

hwyrol <HUI-rol> [ˡhʊɪrɔl] adjective
1 latish

2 evening
cinio hwyrol (hotel, guest house, bed and breakfast) evening meal (sign seen in Llanbadarn Fawr, Aberystwyth, 16 August 1994)

gwisg hwyrol evening dress

ETYMOLOGY: (hwyr = late) + (-ol = suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

hy
1 there is aspiration of an initial vowel certain possessive determiners
’m (= my), ei (= her), ein (= our), eu (= their),

This aspiration is indicated with a prefixed h

a’m hysgwydd and my shoulder, ysgwydd shoulder
ei hysgol her school, ysgol school
ein hymenyddiau our brains, ymenydd, ymenyddiau brain, brains
eu hynys their island ynys island

:_______________________________.

hybarch <HƏƏ-barkh> [ˡhəˑbarx] adjective
1 venerable

2 Ni bydd hybarch rhy gyffredin
Familiarity breeds contempt (“It is not venerable (the thing) too usual”)

3 (in titles) Hybarch = Right Reverend, title of respect for an Anglican bishop
Yr Hybarch William Morgan, esgob Llan-daf
The Right Reverend William Morgan, bishop of Llan-daf

ETYMOLOGY: (hy- = intensifier) + soft mutation + (parch = respect)

:_______________________________.

hychod ‹HƏƏ-khod› [ˡhəˑxɔd] (plural noun)
1 plurzal of hwch = sow

:_______________________________.

1 hyd <HIID> [hiːd] (preposition)
1 until

2 as far as
hyd y ddiwedd to the end
dal ati hyd y ddiwedd to stick it out (“keep at it until the end”)

3 hyd galla i gofio (= hyd y gallaf fi gofio) as far as I recall
hyd wyf yn cofio (= hyd yr wyf fi yn cofio) as far as I recall

4 ddim hyd y gwn i not as far as I'm aware, not as far as I know
(“no, as-far-as that I know”)
(hyd = as far as, length) + (y = preverbal particle) + (gwn i = I know, < gwybod = to know)

:_______________________________.

2 hyd, hydoedd ‹HIID, HƏ doidh, -dodh› (masculine noun)
1 length

2 hyd o risiau flight of stairs

3 gwybod ei hyd a’i led have somebody sized up (“know his length and his width”)

4 bod gyd-led gyd-hyd be as long as it is broad (bod = to be) + soft mutation + (cyd-led = co-length) + soft mutation + (cyd-hyd = co-width). There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases. hence cyd > gyd

5 dwywaith hyd rhywbeth twice as long as, double the length of
bod ddwywaith hyd rhywbeth be twice as long as, be double the length of

6 yr hyd olaf the home stretch, the home straight = the final stretch on a racetrack, from the last bend to the winning post
yr hyd terfynol the home stretch

:_______________________________.

hyd a lled ‹hiid aa lheed›
1 With the possessive determiner, this is repeated after the conjunction–
eich hyd a’ch lled (chi) (“your length and your breadth (of you)”)
the full extent (of something); magnitude, enormity, great size
(“(the) length and breadth (of)”)

Wyr neb mo hyd a lled meddwl plentyn
No-one can know just what a child thinks
(“Nobody knows anything of (the) length and breadth (of) (the) mind (of a) child ”)

Dyna 'i hyd a'i led e (in explaining some matter)
That’s about the full extent of it, That’s what it’s all about
(“That’s its length and its breadth (of) it”)

Dim ond ychydig ohonom sydd yn sylweddoli taw dyma hyd a lled ein rhyddid yn y byd sydd ohoni - y rhyddid i fod yn gaeth
Only a few of us realise that this is the full extent of our freedom in today’s world – the freedom to be enslaved

Fe gawn wybod hyd a lled y golled yn y man We’ll know the full extent of the loss presently
Doedd neb ohonynt yn sylweddoli hyd a lled y dasg None of them realised the enormity of the task

2 (in reprimands, punishment) what's what
Fe gaiff wybod ’i hyd a’i led gen i
I’ll tell him what’s what
(“he will get to know its length and breadth with me / from me”)

ETYMOLOGY: (hyd = length) + (a = and) + (lled = breadth)

:_______________________________.

hyd at ‹HIID at› (preposition)
1 as far as
2 hyd at fai to a fault, excessively
hael hyd at fai generous to a fault

:_______________________________.

hydd ‹hiidh › masculine noun
PLURAL hyddod ‹HƏDH-od›
1 stag

Llwynhyddod < llwyn yr hyddod “(the) grove (of) stags” House name, Pant-mawr, Llangurig, Powys

2 See also hyddgae (= deer park), hyddgen (= deerskin), hydref (= autumn)

:_______________________________.

hyddgae ‹hədh -gai› masculine noun
PLURAL hyddgaeau ‹hədh- gei -e›
1 (literary word) deer park, deer enclosure
parc ceirw is the current expression “park (of) deer”

ETYMOLOGY: (hydd = deer) + soft mutation + (cae = hedge; enclosure, field)

:_______________________________.

hyddgen ‹hədh-gen› masculine noun
1 (obsolete) deerskin

ETYMOLOGY: (hydd = deer) + soft mutation + (cen = skin )

:_______________________________.

Hyddgen ‹hədh-gen› feminine noun
1 (SN7890) Afon Hyddgen = river in the district of Maldwyn (county of Powys)

ETYMOLOGY: (Query) The same word as hyddgen (= deerskin)?

______________________.

hyddysg ‹hədh-gen› masculine noun
1 proficient

Mae ef yn siarad Cymraeg, Saesneg, Almaeneg ac Iseldireg, ac y mae yn hyddysg mewn pump o ieithoedd eraill
He speaks Welsh, English, German and Dutch, and he is proficient in five other languages

Daeth yn lled hyddysg yn yr ieithoedd Lladin a Groeg
He became quite proficient in the Latin and Greek languages
:_______________________________.

hyd ddiwedd y dydd ‹HIID dhi WEDH ə diidh› (adverb)
1 until the end of the day

______________________.

hyder ‹HƏ der› (m)
1 confidence
ennill hyder gain confidence
magu hyder gain confidence
hunan-hyder self-confidence
rhoi hyder i rywun give somebody confidence
diffyg hyder lack of confidence
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *setr-os < Celtic
Cf the personal name Cynidr (as in the place name Llangynidr) < *kuno-setr-os < *kino-setr-os

______________________.

hyderus ‹hə DE ris› (adjective)
1 confident

ETYMOLOGY: (hyder = confidence) + (-us adjectival suffix)
______________________.

hyd genhedlaeth a chenhedlaeth ‹hiid gen-hed-leth a khen-hed-leth› adverbial

1 from generation to generation, over the generations
Arhosed ein haith yn ei bri hyd genhedlaeth a chenhedlaeth
May our language remain predominant over the generations

ETYMOLOGY: : (hyd = until) + soft mutation + (cenhedlaeth = generation) + (a = and) + spirant mutation + (cenhedlaeth = generation)

:_______________________________.

hyd nes ‹hiid NEES› (conjunction)
1 until
Ni fydd modd darparu addysg Gymraeg i’r disgyblion hyn hyd nes y bo'r ysgol newydd yn barod It will not be possible to (“there will not be a way to”) provide thes pupils with a Welsh-language education until the new school is ready
2 also simply nes
3 soi A reduced form of (hyd) nes y bo hi until it is

o wech soi’n ddiddeg from six until twelve o’ clock
(Cadair ap Mwydyn, Y Geninen, 1900)
= o chwech (hyd) nes y bo hi yn ddeuddeg
(hyd nes = until, nes = until) + (y particle introducing the verb) + (bo = it may be, third-person present subjunctive of bod = to be) + (hi pronoun = her, it)

:_______________________________.

hydwylledd ‹hə- dui -lhedh› masculine noun
1 gullibility, naïvity

ETYMOLOGY: (hydwyll = gullible, naïve ) + (-edd suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

hyd y diwedd ‹hiid ə di-wedh› adverb
1 to the end
hyd y diwedd un to the bitter end
o'r dechrau hyd y diwedd from beginning to end
dal ati hyd y diwedd stick it out, stick at it until the very end

:_______________________________.

hyd oni wahaner ni gan angau ‹hiid oni wa- hâ –ner nii gan a-nge›
1 till death do us part

ETYMOLOGY: “until we may be divided by death” (hyd oni = until) + soft mutation + (gwahaner = may it be divided) + (ni = we, us) + (gan = by) + (angau = death)

:_______________________________.

hydref, hydrefau ‹HƏ dre, hə DRE ve› (masculine noun)
1 autumn

:_______________________________.

Hydref ‹HƏ dre› (masculine noun)
1 October
mis Hydref October (“(the) month (of) October”)

ym mis Hydref in October
ar ddechrau mis Hydref at the beginning of October
ar ganol mis Hydref in the middle of October, in mid-October
ar ddiwedd mis Hydref at the end of October

bob mis Hydref every October

01 Hydref (y cyntaf o Hydref)
the first of October

02 Hydref (yr ail o Hydref)
the second of October

03 Hydref (y trydydd o Hydref)
the third of October

04 Hydref (y pedwerydd o Hydref)
the fourth of October

05 Hydref (y pumed o Hydref)
the fifth of October

06 Hydref (y chweched o Hydref)
the sixth of October

07 Hydref (y seithfed o Hydref)
the seventh of October

08 Hydref (yr wythfed o Hydref)
the eighth of October

09 Hydref (y nawfed o Hydref)
the ninth of October
Gwyl Sant Denis (“the) feastday (of) Saint Denis”)

10 Hydref (y degfed o Hydref)
the tenth of October

11 Hydref (yr unfed ar ddeg o Hydref)
the eleventh of October

12 Hydref (y deuddegfed o Hydref)
the twelfth of October

13 Hydref (y trydydd ar ddeg o Hydref)
the thirteenth of October

14 Hydref (y pedwerydd ar ddeg o Hydref)
the fourteenth of October

15 Hydref (y pymthegfed o Hydref)
the fifteenth of October

16 Hydref (yr unfed ar bymtheg o Hydref)
the sixteenth of October

17 Hydref (yr ail ar bymtheg o Hydref)
the seventeenth of October

18 Hydref (y deunawfed o Hydref)
the eighteenth of October
Gwyl Luc Efengylwr (“the) feastday (of) Luke (the) Evangelist”), or
Gwyl Luc (“the) feastday (of) Luke”),

19 Hydref (y pedwerydd ar bymtheg o Hydref)
the nineteenth of October

20 Hydref (yr ugeinfed o Hydref)
the twentieth of October

21 Hydref (yr unfed ar hugain o Hydref)
the twenty-first of October

22 Hydref (yr ail ar hugain o Hydref)
the twenty-second of October

23 Hydref (y trydydd ar hugain o Hydref)
the twenty-third of October

24 Hydref (y pedwerydd ar hugain o Hydref)
the twenty-fourth of October
Gwyl Gadfarch (“the) feastday (of) Cadfarch”)

25 Hydref (y pumed ar hugain o Hydref)
the twenty-fifth of October

26 Hydref (y chweched ar hugain o Hydref)
the twenty-sixth of October

27 Hydref (y seithfed ar hugain o Hydref)
the twenty-seventh of October

28 Hydref (yr wythfed ar hugain o Hydref)
the twenty-eighth of October

29 Hydref (y nawfed ar hugain o Hydref)
the twenty-ninth of October

30 Hydref (y degfed ar hugain o Hydref)
the thirtieth of October

31 Hydref (yr unfed ar ddeg ar hugain o Hydref)
the thirty-first of October
Nos Galan Gaeaf / Nos Glangaea
Halloween (“(the) eve (of) (the) calend (of) winter”)

- ym mis Hydref ‹ə mis HƏ dre› (adverb) in the month of October

:_______________________________.

- hyd yn oed ‹HIID ən OID› (adverb)
1 even

:_______________________________.

hyf ‹hiiv› adj
1 bold, daring
2 familiar, cheeky, impudent, cocky, arrogantly clever, (USA colloquial: nervy, sassy)
mynd yn hyf ar get cheeky with
bod yn hyf ar be cheeky to, make free with

ETYMOLOGY: In fact hy is the original form, without the final ‹v›, which is a later addition.
Welsh hy < British < Celtic *sego- < Indo-European *segh- (= get, have; overcome in battle; victory)

Related words in other Celtic languages:
cf Irish sea (= force, vigor / vigour);
Gaulish sego- as in the proper nouns Segomaros, Segobriga, Segodunon;

Related words in non-Celtic languages:
cf German der Sieg (= victory), Sanskrit s|has (= force, victory);

NOTE: In North Wales the pronuciation is hy' (without the final “f”)

The form with “f” is a result of the influence of
cryf (= strong), cryfed (= as strong), cryfach (= stronger), cryfaf (= the strongest), since it is similar in meaning and used in similar contexts.

Thus hy, hyed, hyach, hyaf became
hyf (= bold), hyfed (= as bold), hyfach (= bolder), hyfaf (= boldest)

:_______________________________.

Hyfaidd ‹ HƏ-vaidh, HƏ-vedh› (masculine noun)
1 (obsolete) man’s name
2 Occurs in Maesyfed (old county name, eastern central Wales), from Maes Hyfaidd (“open land of Hyfaidd”)

:_______________________________.

hyfedr ‹ HƏ-vedr› adjective
1 skilful, proficient

ETYMOLOGY: (hy- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (medr-, from medru = to be skilled)

:_______________________________.

hyfflam ‹HƏ-flam› (adjective)
1 flammable

:_______________________________.

hyfforddi ‹hə FOR dhi› (verb)
1 to train

:_______________________________.

hyfforddiant ‹hə FORDH yant› (masculine noun)
1 training

2 gwersyll hyfforddiant training camp

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/233448

:_______________________________.

hyfforddwraig ‹hə-fordh-reg› feminine noun
PLURAL hyfforddwragedd ‹hə-fordh- râ-gedh›
1 instructor, trainer (female)

ETYMOLOGY: (hyfordd-, stem of hyfforddi = to train, to instruct) + soft mutation + (gwraig = woman)

:_______________________________.

hyfryd ‹həv -rid› adjective
1 pleasant, delectable
Dyna ryddhâd hyfryd! What a blessed relief! It’s a real relief! That’s a relief! (“there’s a pleasant release”)

2 pleasant = characterised by good weather
Wedi mynd am dro un Nos Sul hyfryd o Awst...
After going for a walk one pleasant Sunday evening in August

3 in house names / street names / other place names:
Brynhyfryd / Bryn Hyfryd pleasant hill. ‘Mount Pleasant’
Llehyfryd / Lle Hyfryd pleasant place
Maes-hyfryd / Maes Hyfryd (qv) (common as a street name) pleasant field
Plashyfryd / Plas Hyfryd pleasant mansion

Ddôlhyfryd <dhool høvrid> <ðoːl ˡ həvrɪd> street name, Bangor (Gwynedd) (“Ddôl Hyfryd”) “the pleasant meadow”
y ddôl hyfryd (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (dôl = meadow) + (hyfryd = pleasant)

4 exclamation myn hyfryd i!, myn ’yfryd i! My God!

5 noun my sweet, my treasure, etc (term of endearment to a child)
der gyda fi, hyfryd! come with me, my treasure

ETYMOLOGY: (hy- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (bryd = mind)

:_______________________________.

hyfryden ‹hə-vrəd-en›

1 pleasant thing; pleasant melody

Hyfryden A folk tune name mentioned in “The Cambrian Quarterly Magazine and Celtic Repertory” (1830). English name given as The Pleasing Strain

ETYMOLOGY: (hyfryd = pleasant) + (-en diminutive suffix)

NOTE: Cf mwynen pleasant thing, used similarly in the names of airs (mwyn = amiable, loving; pleasant; sweet-sounding)
:_______________________________.

hyfrydle ‹hə-vrəd-le›
1 pleasant place, pleasant spot
2 Hyfrydle

..(a) house name

..(b) chapel name (eg Calvanistic Methodist chapel in Caergybi, county of Môn)

..(c) street name in
..1/ Bryn-teg, Wrecsam
..2/ Caernarfon
..3/ Diserth, Y Rhyl (county of Dinbych)
..4/ Llanddewi Brefi (county of Ceredigion)
..5/ Treletert, Hwlffordd (county of Penfro)
..6/ “Hyfrydle Road” which would be Ffordd Hyfrydle and “Hyfrydle Terrace” which would be Teras Hyfrydle / Rhes Hyfrydle in Welsh; street names in Tal-y-sarn (county of Caernarfon)
..7/ Diserth / Dyserth (county of Dinbych / Denbigh)

ETYMOLOGY: (hyfryd = pleasant) + soft mutation + (lle = place)

:_______________________________.

hyfrydol ‹hə-vrə-dol› adjective
1 pleasant, agreeable

2 melodious
Hyfrydol a hymn tune written by Rowland Hugh Pritchard (1811-1887) which was first published in 1844 (when the composer was 32/33 years old).

Used as the tune for “O! Llefara, addfwyn Iesu!” (= “O, speak, gentle Jesus”) written by William Williams (Pantycelyn) (1717-91)

ETYMOLOGY: (hyfryd- < hyfryd = pleasant, agreeable) + (-ol = suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

hyfrydwch ‹hə VRƏ dukh› (masculine noun)
1 pleasure, pleasantness

2 hyfrydwch yw (gwneud rhywbeth) it’s a real pleasure to, it’s a great pleasure to (do something)

Yr oedd yn hyfrydwch mawr eu gweld ar ôl cymaint o amser It was really nice / it was wonderful / a great pleasure to see them after such a long time

:_______________________________.

yr hyfryd wlad
1 yr hyfryd wlad the pleasant land (= Palestine)

Daniel 8:9 Ac o un ohonynt y daeth allan gorn bychan, ac a dyfodd yn rhagorol, tua’r deau, a thua’r dwyrain, a thua’r hyfryd wlad.
Daniel 8:9 And out of one of them came forth a little horn, which waxed exceeding great, toward the south, and toward the east, and toward the pleasant land.

:_______________________________.

hygar ‹hə -gar› adjective
1 amiable
Llawer hagr hygar fydd Beauty is only skin deep (“Many (an) ugly (one) (it-is) amiable that-is”)

ETYMOLOGY: (hy- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (car- < caru = to love)

:_______________________________.

hygarol ‹hə-gâ-rol› adjective
1 lovable, lovely, dear

Edrych ar ei hwyneb siriol,
A’i hygarol wenau llon,
Roddai wledd i’r meddwl puraf,
A wresogai’r dyner fron;.
(“Tanybryn”, poem by Twynog (1912))
Looking at her cheerful face
And her lovely happy smiles
would give a feast to the purest mind
And would warm the tender breast

ETYMOLOGY: (hygar = loving, pleasant) + (-ol = suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

hyll ‹HILH› (adjective) (North Wales)
In the South – salw ‹SAA lu›
1 ugly.

2 hyll fel pechod as ugly as sin

bod yn hyll fel pechod to be as ugly as sin

mor hyll â phechod as ugly as sin
bod mor hyll fel pechod to be as ugly as sin

:_______________________________.

hylendid <hə-GLEN-did> [həˡlɛndɪd] m
1 hygiene
hylendid personol personal hygiene
hylendid bwyd food hygiene
hylendid cig meat hygiene

ETYMOLOGY: (hy- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (glendid = cleanliness)
:_______________________________.

hylon ‹hə -lon› adjective
1 cheerful, very cheerful; merry, very merry

ETYMOLOGY: (hy- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (llon = merry)

:_______________________________.

hylosg ‹hə -losk› adjective
1 flammable, easily ignited

ETYMOLOGY: (hy- prefix = able) + soft mutation + (llosg-, root of llosgi = to burn)

:_______________________________.

hyn ‹HIN› (pronoun / determiner)
1 these; in the South, also used for this (masculine or feminine)
y ci hyn this dog,
yr ast hyn this bitch

2 this point in time
o hyn i ddydd Sul between now and Sunday

Bydd pobl yn tyrru i'r trefi yn eu miloedd i wneud eu siopa ’Dolig o hyn hyd Rhagfyr 23
People will be going to town in droves to do their Christmas shopping between now and December 23

rhwng hyn a ddydd Sul between now and Sunday

ar hyn o bryd at present, now

hyd yn hyn until now

o hyn allan from now on

:_______________________________.

hynaf ‹HƏ nav› (adjective)
(superlative form of hen = old)
1 eldest, oldest

Po hynaf y dyn, gwaethaf ei bwyll > (colloquially) po hyna’r dyn, gwaetha’i bwyll The older a man is, the less sense he has; There’s no fool like an old fool (“the older the man, worst his reason” )

:_______________________________.

hynafol ‹hə- na -vol› adjective
1 ancient = belonging to the distant past

2 archaic, obsolete, no longer in general use (expression, idiom)

Mae llawer o ymadroddion hynafol yn ei hysgrifau
There are many archaic expressions in her writings

3 antique = old and considered attractive and valuable
ffug-hynafol pseudo-antique

ETYMOLOGY: (hynaf = oldest, superlative degree of hen = old) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

hyn a hyn ‹HIN a HIN› (pronoun)
1 this much, such-and-such a sum, a certain amount

prisiau llafur, prisau defnyddiau, a hyn a hyn ar gyfer elw
labour costs, material costa, and a certain amount for profit

Ar ôl talu hyn a hyn i Gyllid yr Wlad dros y blynyddoedd nid oedd gennyf yr un geiniog goch
After paying the Inland Revenue such and such a sum over the years I didn’t have a penny to my name

"Faint y llath fydd y coedyn 'na, Ifan Ifans?"
"O, hyn a hyn, y machgen i, fel y costiodd i mi.”
“How much per yard is that piece of wood, Ifan Ifans?”
“Oh, the same as I paid for it (“so much, my lad, as it cost me”).”

talu hyn a hyn y pen am y defaid pay so much a head, so much each, for the sheep

Byddwn yn cael hyn a hyn o waith ychwanegol bob dydd I’d get a certain amount of extra work every day

:_______________________________.

hynawf ‹hə -nauv› adj
1 buoyant

2 hynofedd buoyancy
(hynawf buoyancy) + (-edd suffix for forming abstract nouns)

ETYMOLOGY: (hy- intensifying prefix) + (nawf-, stem of nofio = to swim, to float)

:_______________________________.

hynaws ‹hə-naus› adj
1 good-natured, genial, kind

ETYMOLOGY: (hy- intensifying prefix) + (naws = nature, temperament)

:_______________________________.

hynawsedd <hə-NAU-sedh> [həˡnaʊsɛð] m
1 good nature, bonhomie

ETYMOLOGY: (hynaws = affable, good-natured) + (-edd suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

hyned ‹hə-ned› adjective
1 as old

cyn hyned â Methwsela (usually used in a derogatory sense) as old as Methuselah, as old as the hills

bod cyn hyned â Methwsela to be as old as Methuselah, to be as old as the hills

Genesis 5:25 Methwsela hefyd a fu fyw saith mlynedd a phedwar ugain a chant, ac a genhedlodd Lamech. (5:26) A Methwsela a fu fyw wedi iddo genhedlu Lamech, ddwy flyneddd a phedwar ugain a saith gan mlynedd, ac a genhedlodd feibion a merched. (5:27) A holl ddyddiau Methwsela oedd, naw mlynedd a thrigain a naw can mlynedd, ac efe a fu farw.
Genesis 5:25 And Methuselah lived an hundred eighty and seven years, and begat Lamech: (5:26) And Methuselah lived after he begat Lamech seven hundred eighty and two years, and begat sons and daughters: (5:27) And all the days of Methuselah were nine hundred sixty and nine years: and he died.

:_______________________________.

hyn i gyd ‹hin i giid› pronoun
1 all this
Sut yr effeithiodd hyn i gyd arno? How did all this affect him?

:_______________________________.

hynna ‹HƏ na› (pronoun)
1 that (the thing spoken of; not something that can be seen) (replacing hynny colloquially)

Wi wedi clywed hynna o'r blaen I’ve heard that before
Often clipped to ’na

Wi ’di clywed ’na o'r bla’n I’ve heard that before
:_______________________________.

hynny ‹HƏ ni› (pronoun)
1 that (the thing spoken of; not something that can be seen)
a da iawn hynny and thank God for that (“and very good that”)

:_______________________________.

hynny o beth ‹hə-ni oo beeth›
1 that matter, that point, that thing

Rw i’n hollol bendant ar hynny o beth
I’m absolutely certain on that point

ETYMOLOGY: ‘that of thing’ (hynny = that) + (o = of) + soft mutation + (peth = thing)

:_______________________________.

hynofedd ‹hə-NOO -vedh› m
1 buoyancy

ETYMOLOGY: hynofedd < hynawfedd (hynawf buoyancy) + (-edd suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.

hyn oll ‹hin OLH› (pronoun)
1 all this

:_______________________________.

hynt, hyntiau ‹HINT, HƏNT-ye› (feminine noun)
1 way, path

2 hynt y byd sydd ohoni current affairs (“(the) way (of) the current world”)

3 cerrynt (obsolete) path, road

(carr-, penult syllable form of car = cart) + (hynt = way)

..a/ cárr-hynt > cérr-hynt (vowel affection, a > e caused by the y in the following syllable)

..b/ > cérr-hynt > cerrynt (loss of the h)

Cornish karrhyns (= cart track), Breton karrhent (= sunken lane, lane)

4 gadael i bethau ddilyn ei hynt let things take their course (“leaving to things (the) following (of) their path”)

:_______________________________.

hyrwydd ‹hə -ruidh› adjective
1 obsolete easy, very easy; survives in the verb derived from this hyrwyddo (qv) = to promote

ETYMOLOGY: (hy- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (rhwydd = easy) ; cf the equivalent Irish word soraidh = agreeable (so + raidh)

:_______________________________.

hyrwyddo ‹hə- rui -dho› verb
1 verb with an object promote; hyrwyddo’r Gymraeg = to promote the Welsh language
2 hyrwyddo achos to further a cause

ETYMOLOGY: (hyrwydd = easy) + (-o = suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

hysan ‹hə -san› verb
1 (South-west) hysan rhywun i wneud rhywbeth entice / coax somebody to do something

:_______________________________.

hysbys ‹HƏS bis› (adjective)
1 known
2 bod yn hysbys i bawb be common knowledge

:_______________________________.

hysbyseb, hysbysebion ‹hə SPƏ seb, hə spə SEB yon› (feminine noun)
1 advertisement, advert, ad

:_______________________________.

hysbysebu ‹hə spə SE bi›
1 (verb without an object) advertise = place an advertisement in a newspaper, or on a radio or TV, etc
Hysbysebwch yn y Cymro Advertise in "The Cymro"!

2 (verb without an object) advertise = offer for sale or rent using advertisements
Fe dâl hysbysebu It pays to advertise

2 (verb with an object) publicise, try to sell (something)

ETYMOLOGY:(hysbyseb = advertisement) + (-u = suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

hysbysfwrdd, hysbysfyrddau ‹hə SPƏS vurdh, hə spəs VƏR dhe› (masculine noun)
1 (USA: billboard) (Englandic: hoarding, advertising hoarding)

:_______________________________.

hysbysu ‹hə SPƏ si› (verb)
1 to inform

:_______________________________.

hysbyswr ‹hə- spə -sur› masculine noun
PLURAL hysbyswyr ‹hə- spə -swir›
1 informant; informer = spy; person who gives information which leads to the detention of lawbreakers (USA: nark)

Ganed William Bedloe yng Nghas-gwent, Mynwy (1650-80), a daeth i amlygrwydd fel lleidr, twyllwr a hysbyswr
William Bedloe was born in Cas-gwent (= Chepstow), Mynwy (= Monmouthshire) (1650-80), and he came to prominence as a thief, fraudster and informant

2 informant = person who regularly gives information to a newspaper reporter

3 (as a newspaper title) advertiser, intelligencer (= medium of information)
Yr Hysbyswr Gwladwriaethol translation of The State Intelligencer (newspaper title)

ETYMOLOGY: (hysbys-, stem of hybysu (= to inform) + (-i-wr suffix for indicating a device or an agent; literally = man)

:_______________________________.

hysbysydd ‹hə- spə -sidh› masculine noun
PLURAL hysbysyddion ‹hə-spə- sədh -yon›
1 (as a newspaper title) advertiser, intelligencer (= medium of information)

ETYMOLOGY: (hysbys-, stem of hybysu (= to inform) + (-ydd suffix for indicating an agent)

:_______________________________.

hytrach ‹HƏ trakh› (adverb)
1 yn hytrach rather, I should really say;
yn hytrach na rather than

:_______________________________.

hywel ‹hə-wel› adjective
1 (obsolete) visible, evident, conspicuous, prominent
2 anhywel invisible, imperceptible, inconspicuous

ETYMOLOGY: (hy- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (gwêl-, stem of gweld = to see)

:_______________________________.

Hywel ‹HƏ wel› (masculine noun)
1 man’s name
Hael yw Hywel ar bwrs y wlad (it is) generous that-is Hywel on (the) purse (of) the country – it’s easy to spend money that belongs to a community of people and is not yours personally
:_______________________________.

hywelfa ‹hə- wel -fa›
1 landmark
2 Hywelfa Name of a street in Southsea SJ3051, 4km west of Wrecsam

ETYMOLOGY: (hywel = visible, evident, conspicuous) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)

:_______________________________.

Hywst ‹hə -ust› masculine noun
1 (obsolete) man's name

ETYMOLOGY: (hy- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (gwst = heat, burn; pain)

:_______________________________.

hywyn ‹hə -win› adjective
1 white; very white, sparkling

2 Hywyn saint to whom Aberdaron parish church is dedicated

3 Hywyn house name in Amlwch (county of Môn) (in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)

ETYMOLOGY: (hy- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (gwyn = white)

:_______________________________.

Hywyn ‹HƏ win› (masculine noun) (male)
1 diminutive of Hywel; also used as an independent name (rare)

ETYMOLOGY: (Hyw- = first syllable of Hywel) + (yn = diminutive suffix)

 ----------------------------------------------------

www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_h_1038e.htm

Sumbolau arbennig: ŷ ŵ

Ble'r wyf i? Yr ych chi'n ymwéld ag un o dudalennau'r Gwefan "CYMRU-CATALONIA"
On sóc? Esteu visitant una pàgina of the Web "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (= Galles-Catalunya)
Where am I? You are visiting a page from the "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (= Wales-Catalonia) Website
Weər äm ai? Yüü äär víziting ə peij fröm dhə "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (= Weilz-Katəlóuniə) Wébsait

CYMRU-CATALONIA

Edrychwch ar fy ystadegau / View My Stats