kimkat1022e A Welsh to English Dictionary in scroll-down format. Geiriadur Cymraeg a Saesneg ar fformat sgrolio-i-lawr.

08-08-2021 19.00

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0003g_delw_baneri_cymru_catalonia_050111
 (delwedd 0003)

 

 

 

 

 

Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia
El Web de Gal
·les i Catalunya
The Wales-Catalonia Website

Y Gwe-eiriadur
An Internet dictionary of Welsh for speakers of English

M

Y Llyfr Ymwelwyr / El Llibre de Visitants / The Guestbook:
http://pub5.bravenet.com/guestbook/391211408/


a-7000_kimkat1356k
Beth sy’n newydd?


 

A close up of text on a white background

Description automatically generated(delwedd 4666)

...

 

 

 A
 

 AR

 B

 BR

 C

 CE

 CI

 

 CR
 

 CY

 D

 DI

 E

 F

bbb7000_kimkat1021e_G G

 

 GW
 

 GWI

 H

 I, J, K

 L

 M

 MI

 

 N
 

 O

 P

 PL, Q

 R

 S

 T

 

 TR
 

 U, V

 W, X

 Y, Z      

 

 

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

M, m [EM] [ɛm] feminine noun
1
) thirteenth letter of the twenty-six letter Roman alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 d 5 e, 6 f, 7 g, 8 h, 9 i, 10 j, 11 k, 12 l, 13 m, 14 n, 15 o, 16 p, 17 q, 18 r, 19 s, 20 t, 21 u, 22 v, 23 w, 24 x, 25 y, 26 z

2
) seventeenth letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y


:_______________________________.

m (1)
1
an assimilation of n before b

(n + b) > mb

..1/  beth sy’n bod  > (colloquially) beth sy’m bod (= what’s the matter?)

..2/ Dinbych (= town in north-east Wales, ‘little fortress’) > (local form) Dimbech

..3/ enbyd (= danger) > (colloquially) embyd

..4/ (English “hand board”) > hanbwrdd > (colloquially) hambwrdd (= tray)

..5/ Llanbedr (= church of Saint Peter) > (colloquially) Llambed

..6/ penbwl (= tadpole; blockhead, idiot) > (colloquially) pembwl

..7/ tanbaid (= burning hot, ardent) > (colloquially) tambed

..8/ tinben (= hear to tail, “arse-head”) > (colloquially) timben; (North Wales) mynd dimben drosben go head over heels

 

..9/ tinbren (= back board of a cart) > (colloquially) timbren


The same assimilation is common in other languages:
..1/ Catalan tan bé (“as well”) > també (“as well” in the sense of “also”),
..2/ Latin  in (= in) + bibere (= drink)  > imbibere (hence English imbibe)

m  (2)

1 In words of English origin which had initial v in English
mael
< fael [vaail] < English vail (= advantage), archaic form of avail < Old French valoir < Latin valere (= be worth, be strong).

The original Welsh form fael was given a radical form mael, since initial f [v] is generally a soft-mutated initial in Welsh (from radical [m] or [b])

2 In words of Welsh origin which had initial b. Both b and m soft mutate to v (mam, y fam; mother, the mother; bach, y fach; hook, the hook), and so in some words there has been confusion about which is the initial consonant of the base form.

bawd (= thumb), medd (= measurement)
bawd-fedd (“thumb measurement”) > bodfedd > modern Welsh modfedd (= inch)

 

m  (3)

Words with inital b in Welsh sometimes correspond to Latin words with initial m

brag (= malt), Latin marcor (= putrefaction)

bro (= district), Latin margō, margin- (= border)

:_______________________________.

..a/ final m < n

botwm (= button) < English button
cotwm (= cotton) < English cotton

horswm (= rogue, scoundrel; lascivious person) < horswn < English whore’s son

Margam (= place in Sir Forgannwg / Glamorgan) < Margan

morwm (= maid; south-east) < morwyn

pam (= when) < pan

patrwm (= pattern) < patrwn
saffrwm saffron = type of crocus with purple flowers < saffrwn < English saffron

 

..b/ final m < n < ng
Y Trallwm
(local form of the place name Y Trallwng) (Trallwm < Trallwn < Trallwng)

offrwm sacrifice, offering < *offrwn < Old English *offrun < offrung

 

..c/ in some dialects ms > s

Wiliams > Wilias (surname Williams)


:_______________________________.

ma ‹MAA›

1 (obsolete) plain

It occurs as the first element of maes (= field; plain), as ma (= plain) in place names (Machynlleth, Mechain < Ma Chain, Mathafarn), and as the suffix –fa (= place).

ETYMOLOGY: ma < Old Welsh “magh” < Celtic mag-

NOTE: Found in numerous Celtic place names on the Continent and in Britain and Ireland

E.g. The name of the town of Blond in France is from Gaulish Blat-o-mag-os. This is either “grain field” or “flower field”

(blat- = grain, flower) + (mag- = plain, field)

It corresponds to modern Welsh blawd (= flower), or blod- < blawd (= flower) in blodyn (= flower), and (ma = plain, < Old Welsh magh = plain).

The equivalent form of Blat-o-mag-os in modern Welsh would be “Blodfa”.

7226_blat-o-mag-os_blond_081204

(delwedd 7226)

:_______________________________.

m
a’ [MAA, MA] [mɑː, ma] verb
1 southern form of mae (= is, there is, it› is, ‹he› is, ‹she› is, etc)
Usually spelt (less correctly) ma
See aa / maa

:_______________________________.

ma [MA]
[ma] (adverb)
Also 'ma
1
Short form of yma = here


:_______________________________.


mab [MAAB]
[mɑːb] masculine noun
PLURAL meibion [MEIB-yon]
[ˡməɪbjɔn]
1
son = male child in relation to the parents
Mae ganddo bedwar mab He's got four sons

2
son = male child adopted as a son
mab mabwysiedig adopted son

3
mab-yng-nghyfraith son-in-law

4
obsolete child (son or daughter); This sense survives in the word baban (= baby), originally maban (mab + diminutive suffix -an).

The change of initial m to b occurs in other words (the change in the reverse direction b to m also occurs) - bothe have the soft mutation f, which may account for this confusion about the appropriate radical consonant. In the case of baban there may also be the influece of English baby, the first use of which has been noted in the 1300s, and which is probably from the language of infants, being a reduplicative form; cf daddy, mummy.

5
boy, lad (in contrast to a girl)
mab a merch a boy and a girl, man and woman

Gwelai fab a merch yn eistedd ar gamfa
He could see a boy and a girl sitting on a stile

Fel pob geneth sy'n ymwybodol am y tro cyntaf o deimladau mab tuag ati.
Like every girl who is conscious for the first time of the feelings of a boy for her.

6 man
côr meibion male-voice choir (“choir (of) men”)

Genesis 50:26 A Joseff a fu farw yn fab deng mlynedd a chant: a hwy a'i peraroglasant ef; ac efe a ● osodwyd mewn arch yn yr Aifft
Genesis 50:26 So Joseph died, being an hundred and ten years old: and they embalmed him and he was put in a coffin in Egypt.

7
descendant
mab Adda - a son of Adam, a descendant of Adam, a human being

8
(Christianity) Jesus Christ, the Second Person of the Trinity; called


(1) y Mab
Mathew 28:19
yn enw'r Tad, a'r Mab, a'r Ysbryd Glân
in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost

also:
(2) Mab Duw (the Son of God),
(3) Mab Dyn (the Son on Man)

9
mab y tŷ son of a householder

10
boy or man brought up in a particular kind of household:
mab y mans, the son of a family living in a manse, the son of the family living in the manse
mab y plas the son of a family living in a mansion, the son of the family living in the mansion

11
boy or man who is son of the owner of a named farm
Mab Nant-y-moch yw e He’s the son / one of the sons of the people at Nant-y-moch farm, he’s one of the Nant-y-moch family

12
Meibion (toilet) “Men, Gentlemen, Gents” (usually Dynion = men)

13
person from a named area

Pan aeth meibion y sir allan i ymladd ar y “ffrynt”, daeth erchyllderau'r rhyfel yn hysbys i bob cymuned yng Ngheredigion
When the men of the county went out to fight on the front the horrors of the war became known to every community in (the county of) Ceredigion

14
in patronymics in the form ab or ap; for example,
ab Owen = son of Owen,
ap Hywel = son of Hywel
_________________________________________________

(1) The original form was fab. with soft mutation to indicate genitive relation
Hywel fab Owen (Hywel son of Owen), Wiliam fab Huw, Hywel fab Rhys, Hywel fab Siôn

Apocrypha Esdras-1
8:1 Ac wedi'r pethau hyn, pan oedd Artacsercses brenin y Persiaid yn teyrnasu, y daeth Esdras mab Saraias, fab Esereias, fab Helcias, fab Salum,

Apocrypha Esdras-1 8:1 And after these things, when Artexerxes the king of the Persians reigned came Esdras the son of Saraias, the son of Ezerias, the son of Helchiah, the son of Salum,
_________________________________________________

(2) The initial [v]
[v] was dropped
Hywel ab Owen, Wiliam ab Huw, Hywel ab Rhys, Hywel ab Siôn
_________________________________________________

(3) There was devoicing of [b]
[b] > [p] [p] except when the name began with a vowel
Hywel ab Owen, Wiliam ap Huw, Hywel ap Rhys, Hywel ap Siôn
_________________________________________________

(4) Before a vowel or [h]
[h] or [hr] [hr] the vowel of ‘ab / ap’ was lost and the consonant became a preclitic; before other consonants ‘ap’ was lost completely
Hywel ab Owen > “Hywel a b-Owen” > Hywel Bowen
Wiliam ab Huw > “Wiliam a p-Uw” > Wiliam Puw
Hywel p-Rhys > “Hywel a p-Rys” Hywel Prys
Hywel Siôn
_________________________________________________

(5) many present surnames are these patronymics, normally with English orthography
Bowen (same spelling in Welsh and in English),
Puw > (English spelling) Pugh,
Prys > (English spelling) Preece, (also Price, formerly also pronounced as “Preece”, but English long vowel [ii]
[iː] became [ai] [aɪ] around 1500)
_________________________________________________

(6) In Middle Welsh the spellings map i ap represented both a pronunciation with final [b]
[b] and with final [p] [p]. Hence Hywel ap Owen would be [ab] [ab] and not [ap] [ap].
_________________________________________________

15 apparently used in older Welsh as a diminutive – a prefix or suffix of endearment = little;
.....(1) Deiniol- fab ‘little Deiniol’ in the place-name Llanddeiniol- fab
..... (2) mabsant a parish feast (‘little patron saint’)
..... (3) (obsolete) mab lan ‘little land’ (= grave; llan = land)
..... (4) (obsolete) mab lygad ‘little eye’ (= pupil of the eye; llygad = eye)
..... (5) (obsolete) map gainc young branch, twig, shoot (cainc = branch)
..... (6) (obsolete) map gorn inner part of an animal’s horn (corn = horn)

16
In South Wales the plural form meibion > meibon > miibon (a regular change – simplification of the diphthong “ei” to become a half-long vowel “ii”; and the loss of the initial consonantal “–i” of a final syllable)

Also in place names in the South:
(1) John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911), notes a meadow called Gwaun Feibon Siôn
“Gwayne Veibon Shone: (the meadow of the sons of John.) A tenement in the parish of Pentyrch and lordship of Miscyn (1666)”

(2) Llangatwg Feibion Afel village in the county of Mynwy (“(the) Llangatwg (of the) sons (of) Abel”) . The local form would have been Llangatwg Feibon Afal / Llangatwg Fiibon Afal. The “English” form “Llangattock Vibon Avel” is an Englished form of the local Welsh pronunciation (rather than an adaptation of the literary form of the name).

17
meib sons; archaic plural form.
Deallais ei fod yn un o feib yr awen, yn Gristion hawddgar a da (Twynog - Cyfrol Goffa y diweddar T. Twynog Jeffreys, Rhymni. 1912. Tudaeln 28)
I understood he was a poet (“one of the sons of the muse”), a good and agreeable Christian

18
Meibion Cernyw Welsh translation of Mebyon Kernow (‘(the) sons (of) Cornwall’), the home-rule political party of Cornwall

19
’mab i my son, sonny – addressing one’s son or a young lad (= fy mab i, “my son (of) me”)

20
mab darogan messiah, a liberator or deliverer whose coming has been prophesied; (“prophesied man”), darogan = stem of the verb darogan (= predict, prophesy) used as a past participle (= predicted, prophesied)

21
mab bedydd godson (“blessed son, Christened son”)
Here the second element not bedydd (= baptism) but bedydd-, the stem of the verb bedyddio (= to bless) used as a past participle

22
(South-east Wales) mab gweddw plural meibion gweddw, meibion gweddwon bachelor

23
used in pen names
(1) Mab Cernyw (“(the) son (of) Cornwall”) John Hobson Mathews, a Cornishman, archivist in Caer-dydd who published 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911)

(2) As a suffix -fab
.....(a) Creuddynfab [krei-DHIN-vab]
[krəɪˡðɪnvab], William Williams (1814-1869), author of “Y Barddoniadur Cymmreig” (1855) (“the Welsh poetry guide”), from Creuddyn, Llandudno (county of Conwy) ‘son of Creuddyn’

 

....(b) Brynfab [BRƏN-vab] [ˡbrənvab], ‘son of the hill or hills’, pen name of Thomas Williams (born 1848 in Fforchaman, Aber-dâr, died 1927 in Sain Tathan), writer, poet and farmer.

 

....(c) Glynfab [GLƏN-vab] [ˡglənvab], ‘son of the valley or valleys’ William Williams, later William Glynfab Williams (born 1856 in Aberystruth, Sir Fynwy / Monmouthshire, died Dinas, Sir Benfro / Pembrokeshire in 1947). Anglican clergyman and novelist.

 

...(d) Dyffrynfab [də-FRƏN-vab] [dəˡfrənvab], ‘son of the valley’. Pen name mentioned in Y Gwyliedydd 27-02-1879 (Dymunaf ddweud wrth ‘Dyffrynfab’ “Nos daw’ch” = I wish to say to Dyffrynfab ‘Good night’).


...(e) Mynyddfab [mə-NƏDH-vab]
[məˡnəðvab], ‘son of the mountain / upland / moorland’. Pen name mentioned in Y Frythones, Cyfrol (= Volume) XIII [X]. Rhif (= number) 8. Awst 1888 (= August 1888). (Gan Mynyddfab, Ponterwydd, 13 adnod rhwng y ddau Destament... i gyd heb "a" ynddynt = By Mynyddfab (of) Ponterwydd (sic), 13 verses from the two Testaments... all without (the word) ‘and’ in them.)

 

...(f) Aeronfab [ei-RON-vab] [əɪˡrɔnvab], (= ‘son of the river Aeron’, or possibly ‘son of Aberaeron’, the village where the Aeron river falls into the sea.) Cymru 1914 Bards present were: — W. T. Williams, Bryn; D. M. Morgan, D. W. Thomas (Aeronfab).


24
mebyd youth. childhood

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *map-os < Celtic
From the same British root: Breton mab (= son), Cornish mab (= son)
From the same Celtic root: Irish mac (= son), Scottish mac (= son), Manks mac (= son)

:_______________________________.

mabddall [MAB-dhalh]
[ˡmabðaɬ] masculine noun
PLURAL mabddeillod, mabddelli [mab-DHEILH-yod, mab-DHE-lhi]
[mabˡðəɪɬjɔd, mabˡðɛɬɪ]
1
lacerta vivipara = slowworm
Standard name: neidr ddefaid (“snake (of) sheep”)

2
lizard
bod fel maplath be restless (“be like a lizard”)

3
newt
full name: mab ddall dŵr (‘mabddall’ (of) water)
Standard name: madfall ddŵr

NOTE: South Wales mablath (South-east Wales maplath, but also in Sir Gaerfyrddin);
plural mablathod, mablethi; maplathod, maplethi

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh mabddall (= child blind at birth) > *mablladd (metathesis: DD-LL becomes LL-DD) > mablath (LL > L; devoicing of final DD > TH); south-east maplath (showing typical devoicing B > P when the first consonant of a final syllable)
(mab = son) + soft mutation + (dall = blind)

:_______________________________.

Mabelfyw [ma-BEL-viu]
[maˡbɛlvɪʊ] (feminine noun)
1
(History) cwmwd / kumud (= “neighbourhood”) of the kantrev of Cantref Mawr (Ystrad Tywi, South-west Wales)

:_______________________________.

Mabinogi [ma-bi-NOO-gi]
[mabɪˡnoˑgɪ] (masculine noun)
1
(obsolete) childhood story, story of someone's childhood

2
Pedair Cainc y Mabinogi (“four branches of the childhood story”) Four medieval tales, c. 1100 (or in the range 1060-1200) those of Pwyll, Branwen, Manawydan, Math

:_______________________________.

Mabinogion [ma-bi-NOG-yon]
[mabɪˡnɔgjɔn] (plural noun)
twelve medieval tales in Welsh, published beween 1838 and 1849 in three volumes by Charlotte Guest

:_______________________________.

mablath [MA-blath]
[ˡmablaθ]
1
(South Wales) lizard. See mabddall

:_______________________________.

Mabli [MA-bli]
[ˡmablɪ] feminine noun
1
woman's name

2
Cefnmabli [KEE-ven-MA-bli]
[ˡkeˑvɛnˡmablɪ] (qv) place near Caer-dydd (“Mabli’s hill”)

ETYMOLOGY: ?

:_______________________________.

maboed [MAAB-oid]
[ˡmɑˑbɔɪd] masculine noun
1
childhood; (somewhat literary; a more usual word is plentyndod)

Yr oedd yr ardal yr ymsefydlodd ynddi yn Wisconsin yn rhyfeddol o debyg i ardal ei faboed yng Ngheredigion
The area where he settled in Wisconsin was amazingly like the area of his childhood in Ceredigion

ETYMOLOGY: “child-age” (mab = son, child) + (oed = age)

:_______________________________.

mabolgamp [ma-BOL-gamp]
[maˡbɔlgamp] feminine noun
PLURAL mabolgampau [ma-bol-GAM-pai-ai, -e]
[mabɔlˡgampaɪ, -ɛ]

1 obsolete youthful feat, young people's game
y fabolgamp = the feat

ETYMOLOGY: 'juvenile feat' (mabol = (obsolete meaning) juvenile) + soft mutation + (camp = feat)

:_______________________________.

mabolgampau [ma-bol-GAM-pai, -e]
[mabɔlˡgampaɪ, -ɛ] plural noun
1
athletics

2
diwrnod mabolgampau sports day (day of sporting events in a school or college)

ETYMOLOGY: plural of mabolgamp (= juvenile feat)

:_______________________________.

mabolgampwr [ma-bol-GAM-pur]
[mabɔlˡgampʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL mabolgampau [ma-bol-GAMP-wir]
[mabɔlˡgampwɪr]
1
athlete, sportsman

ETYMOLOGY: plural of (mabolgamp = juvenile feat) + (-wr suffix, = man)

:_______________________________.

mabolgampwraig [ma-bol-GAMP-reg]
[mabɔlˡgamprɛg] feminine noun
PLURAL mabolgampwragedd [ma-bol-gamp-RAA-gedh]
[mabɔlgampˡrɑˑgɛð]
1
athlete, sportswoman
y fabolgampwraig = the sportswoman

ETYMOLOGY: plural of (mabolgamp = juvenile feat) + (-wraig suffix, = woman)

:_______________________________.

Mabon [MAA-bon]
[ˡmɑˑbɔn] masculine noun
1
man's name

2 Place Names:
(1) Llanfabon (south-east Wales) (qv) [lhan-VAA-bon]
[ɬanˡvɑˑbɔn], (“(the) church (of) Mabon”)
(2) Rhiwabon (north-east Wales) (qv) [hriu-AA-bon]
[hrɪʊˡɑˑbɔn] < rhiw Fabon (“(the) slope (of) Mabon”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh (mab = son) + (-on = suffix used in forming names
of deities) < British maponos

NOTE: Mabon was an obsolete name, but was revived as a personal name towards 1900

:_______________________________.

mabsant [MAB-sant]
[ˡmabsant] masculine noun
PLURAL mabseintiau [mab-SEINT-yai, -e]
[mabˡsəɪntjaɪ, -ɛ]

1 patron saint of a parish, parish saint

2
gwylmabsant parish wake, parish celebration (annual celebration on the parish feastday, day of the saint to whom the parish church is dedicated)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘little saint’ (mab = son, used here as a diminutive prefix) + (sant = saint)

:_______________________________.

Mabudrud [ma-BI-drid]
[maˡbɪdrɪd] (feminine noun) History
1
kumud of the kantrev of Cantref Mawr (Ystrad Tywi, South-west Wales)

ETYMOLOGY: kumud < cwmwd = “neighbourhood” (literally: dwellings together, cym + bod)
kantrev < cantref = “hundred; hundred area” (literally: hundred trêvs or hamlets, cant, can’ + tref)

:_______________________________.

mabwysiad [ma-BUIS-yad]
[maˡbʊɪsjad] masculine noun
PLURAL mabwysiadau [ma-buis-YAA-dai, -e]
[mabʊɪsˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1
adoption = process of taking a child as one's own

2
adoption = (of a town or a country place where one decides to live instead of one's town or country of origin)

Bu farw ym mro'i fabwysiad yn bedwar ugain oed
He died at the age of eighty in his adopted neighbourhood

3
adoption = act of assuming a new nationality
Gwyddel trwy fabwysiad
an Irishman through adoption

ETYMOLOGY: mabwys (= state of being a son) + (-iad = suffix for forming nouns);
in fact the element mabwys is an adaptation of the word mamwys (= maternal side of one's family) (mam = mother) + (-wys = ?suffix), with mab (= son) taking the place of mam

:_______________________________.

mabwysiadu [ma-buis-YAA-di]
[mabʊɪsˡjɑˑdɪ] verb
1
adopt (a child) = take a child as one's own, usually by a formal legal process

2
(ideas) adopt = take in, begin to use as one's own, use an idea, follow a custom that comes from somewhere else

3
adopt = take over (an idea) as if it is one's own

4
(policy; way of life) adopt = begin to follow

5
(word, expression); adopt, take up; incorporate into one's active vocabulary

O fyd amaeth daw’r dywediad ‘sefyll yn y bwlch’. Bellach fe'i mabwysiadwyd gan bobl na fu ar gyfyl na chae na chlawdd na dafad
The expression ‘sefyll yn y bwlch’ (= stand in the opening / gap) comes from the world of farming. Now it has been adopted by people who have never been near a field or hedgebank or sheep

6
adopt = begin to follow (a policy of action)

Maen nhw wedi penderfynu mabwysiadu pólisi iaith
They have decided to adopt / implement a language policy

7
(Englandic) adopt = nominate a candidate for a parliamentary election, etc
cyfarfod mabwysiadu
adoption meeting, a meeting to choose a candidate

8
adopt (a name) = choose

ETYMOLOGY: (mabwysiad = adoption) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

mabwysiedig [mab-uis-YEE-dig]
[mabʊɪsˡjeˑdɪg] adjective
1
adopted; mab mabwysiedig adopted son

ETYMOLOGY: (mabwys-i-, stem of mabwysiadu = adopt) + (-edig)

:_______________________________.

mab y Dyn [maab ə DIIN]
[mɑːb ə ˡdiːn] masculine noun
1
the Son of God;
O Fab y Dyn
O Son of God! (vocative)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘(the) son (of) the man’ (mab = son) + (y dyn = the man)

:_______________________________.

mab y mans [maab -ə MANS]
[mɑːb ə ˡmans] masculine noun
1
a son of the manse, son of a minister

ETYMOLOGY: (mab = son) + (y = definite article) + (mans = manse, home of a minister which belongs to the church he (she) serves)

:_______________________________.

mab-yng-nghyfraith, meibion... [maab ə -NGHƏ-vraith, -vreth, MEIB-yon...]
[mɑːb ə ˡŋhəvraɪθ, -vrɛθ, ˡməɪbjɔn...] (masculine noun)
1
son-in-law

:_______________________________.

macaroni [ma-ka-ROO-ni]
[makaˡroˑnɪ] masculine noun
1
macaroni = pasta made of semolina

2 a dish based on macaroni
macaroni â chaws
macaroni cheese

ETYMOLOGY: English macaroni < Italian maccarone < Greek makaria (= food made from barley), if not from Italian maccare (= to crush). Modern Italian: maccheroni

:_______________________________.

mach i [MAAKH-i]
[ˡmɑɑˑxɪ]
1
my little one, my darling;
Tyd, ’mach i Come here, my son

ETYMOLOGY: from fy mach i, with the dropping of the pretonic syllable [və]
[və]
(fy = my) + nasal mutation + (bach = small) + (i = of me)

:_______________________________.

machgen i [MAKH-gen-i]
[ˡmaxgɛnɪ]
1
(speaking to a son or a small boy) my son
Pam wyt ti'n dweud hynny, ’machgen i? why do you say that, my son?

ETYMOLOGY: from fy machgen i (fy = my) + nasal mutation + (bachgen = boy) + (i = of me)

:_______________________________.

machlud [MAKH-lid]
[ˡmaxlɪd] verb
1
(sun, moon) set, go down, dip

2
masculine noun
machlud haul (qv) or machlud yr haul sunset, setting of the sun
ar fachlud haul at sunset
machlud y lleuad setting of the moon

3
o wawr hyd fachlud from dawn to dusk

ETYMOLOGY: machlud < ymachlud < ymachludd (ym-, reflexive prefix) + (achludd).
The element achludd < British < Latin occlûdere = to close, (ob- intensifying prefix) + (claudere = to close)

NOTE: also: machludo (with the verbal suffix -o)

:_______________________________.

machlud haul [MAKH-lid HAIL]
[ˡmaxlɪd ˡhaɪl] masculine noun
1
sunset = apparent sinking of the sun below the horizon
2
the time of this phenomenon
ar fachlud haul at sunset
wedi machlud haul after sunset

ETYMOLOGY: (machlud = setting, hiding) + (haul = sun)

:_______________________________.

Machno [MAKH-no]
[ˡmaxnɔ] feminine noun
1
Afon Machno SH7849 river in the county of Gwynedd, rising south of Blaenau Ffestiniog and flowing by Penmachno to join the river Conwy 3km south-east of Betws-y-coed

2
Penmachno (originally Pennant Machno) SH7590 4km south of Betws-y-coed (pennant = head of a valley, thus ‘Machno valley-head’)

ETYMOLOGY: Machno < Machnou (man’s name)

:_______________________________.

Machynllaith [ma-KHƏN-lhaith, lheth]
[maˡxənɬaɪθ, -ɛθ]
1
village in the north-west ('plain of Cynllaith'); the official spelling represents the localism Machynlleth (e instead of ai) [ma-KHƏN-lheth] [maˡxənɬɛθ]

:_______________________________.

maco [MA-ko]
[ˡmakɔ] verb
1
maco = it may raise
third person singular subjunctive of magu = to raise
Cas gŵr na charo'r wlad a'i maco (qv)
Only an ungrateful man will not love the country which bore him

:_______________________________.

macrell, mecryll [MA-krelh, ME-krilh]
[ˡmakrɛɬ, ˡmɛkrɪɬ] (masculine noun)
1
mackerel

:_______________________________.

Macsen Wledig [MAK-sen WLEE-dig]
[maksɛn ˡwleˑdɪg] (masculine noun)
1
Magnus Maximus, Roman citizen from the Iberian peninsula, commander of the Roman army in the province of Brittania. He deposed Gratian in Rome 383AD and proclaimed himself emperor; assassinated five years later

:_______________________________.

macsu [MAK-si]
[ˡmaksɪ] verb
South Wales
verb with an object
1
(beer) brew = make by steeping, boiling and fermenting malt and hops

2
brew = prepare (a drink) by boiling a solid in water
macsu coffi brew coffee

verb without an object
3
make beer, make tea, etc

4
(weather) gather, brew = be in the making
Mae hi’n macsu iddi A storm is brewing
Mae hi’n macsu am storm A storm is brewing
Mae storm yn macsu A storm is brewing
Mae hi’n macsu am law It’s threatening to rain
Mae hi’n macsu at y glaw It’s threatening to rain
Mae hi’n macsu i’r glaw It’s threatening to rain

5
(trouble) brew, be in the making
Mae helynt yn macsu Trouble is brewing

6
macsu, or macsu am: ask for punishment, behave in a way which invites punishment or retribution
Mae e’n macsu am goten He’s asking for a beating
Mae e’n macsu cosfa He’s asking for a beating
Mae e’n macsu’r wialen He’s asking for a caning (“the rod”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh macsu is (macs-) + (-u, suffix for forming verbs).
The element *macs < *masg- is from English mask, a variant of mash (= to mash, soak malt). The same word is found in Lowlandic (Germanic language of Scotland) – to mask (= to brew tea; soak malt; (storm) to brew, threaten)

:_______________________________.

macswr [MAK-sur]
[ˡmaksʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL macswyr [MAKS-wir]
[ˡmakswɪr]
1
brewer, person who makes beer

ETYMOLOGY: (macs-, stem of macsu = brew (beer)) + (-wr, suffix = 'man')

:_______________________________.

mad [maad]
[mɑːd] adjective
1
obsolete good, excellent
gwladgarwyr tra mad = great patriots ('most excellent patriots') (from the Welsh national anthem)

2
obsolete fortunate; in certain names from the British period
Madien, Madog

3
Derivative word: obsolete difad bad (di- = negative prefix) + (mad = good); survives as part of the modern Welsh word amddifad orphan (am = intensifying prefix) + (difad = bad)

4
Derivative word: anfad bad, evil (an- = negative prefix) + (mad = good)
anfadwr rogue, delinquent, vandal
anfadwaith atrocity (gwaith = deed)

5
A wnêl mad, mad a ddyly (archaic Welsh) One good turn deserves another (“the-person-who / may-do / good, / (it-is) good / that-he / deserves”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *mat- < cèltic
From the same British root: Breton mad = good
From the same Celtic root: Irish maith = good, Scottish maith = good
cf Latin mâtûrus = ripe, from which comes the English word mature

:_______________________________.

maddau [MAA-dhai, -e]
[ˡmɑˑðaɪ, -ɛ] verb
1 forgive = cease to blame

2 maddau i (rywun) am (rywbeth) forgive (someone) for (something) = pardon for having made a mistake, allow to go unpunished,

Gellid yn hawdd faddau i lymeitwyr tafarn ger yr Wyddgrug am feddwl eu bod wedi cael mwy na thropyn neu ddau yn ormod i'w yfed pan welson nhw éliffant yn cerdded ar hyd yr heol
The customers (“drinkers”) in a pub near Yr Wyddgrug could easily be forgiven for thinking that they’d had a drop or two too much to drink when they saw an elephant walking along the street

Maddeued y darllenydd i mi am... I hope the reader forgives me for..., may the reader forgive me for...

Rhaid i chi faddau i mi am alw yr adeg hyn o'r nos You must excuse me for calling this time of night

Gellid maddau i rywun am gredu fod y gaeaf wedi cyraedd yng nghanol Awst oherwydd... You could be forgiven for thinking that winter had arrived in the middle of August because...

2 lledfaddau (verb with an object) reprieve= postpone a punishment
 (lled = half) + soft mutation + (maddau = pardon)

3 maddau (rhywbeth) i (rywun) forgive = tolerate

Roedd hi’n gwybod bod Ifan yn dueddol i faddau iddi ei diffygion She knew that John tended to forgive her for her shortcomings

maddau pechod i rywun absolve somebody of his / her sins

4 (North Wales) resist (the temptation to eat sth)
Roeddwn i’n methu medde i'r pwdin 'na I just couldn’t resist that pudding

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic ?*mad- (= humid, wet)
Cf Latin madere (= be wet)

NOTE: informal spelling: madde, and (representing the pronunciation of “a”-final areas) madda [MAA-dha]
[ˡmɑˑða]

:_______________________________.

maddeuol [ma-DHEI-ol]
[maˡðəɪɔl] adjective
1 pardonable, forgivable
2 anfaddeuol unpardonable, unforgivable
(an- = negative prefix) + soft mutation + ( maddeuol = pardonable)

ETYMOLOGY: (maddeu- penult form of maddau = to pardon) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

madfall [MAD-valh]
[ˡmadvaɬ] feminine or masculine noun
PLURAL madfallod [mad-VA-lhod]
[madˡvaɬɔd]
1
(standard Welsh; in Welsh dialects, used in South-west Wales) lizard
y fadfall / y madfall the lizard
madfall Lacerta vivipara common lizard; also madfall y coed
madfall balmwyddog Triturus helveticus palmate lizard
madfall gribog Triturus cristatus crested newt
madfall y tywod Lacerta agilis sand lizard
madfall y dŵr Triturus vulgaris common newt

ETYMOLOGY: possibly a variant of mabddall
NOTE: also genau-goeg (‘empty mouth’) = lizard

:_______________________________.

Madlen [MAD-len]
[ˡmadlɛn] feminine noun
1
Mair Fadlen Mary Magdalen, in Christian tradition supposed to have been a prostitute. In Luke she is referred to as a woman of Magdala who was cured of evil spirits

Luc 8:2 Mair yr hon a elwid Magdalen, o'r hon yr aethai saith gythraul allan ...
Luke 8:2 Mary called Magdalene, out of whom went seven devils,

and is said to be the same as the sinful woman mentioned in verses in the previous chapter

Luc 7:37-50 Ac wele, gwraig yn y ddinas, yr hon oedd bechadures ...
Luke 7:37-50 And behold, a woman in the city, which was a sinner......

2
woman's name = Madaleine

3
Coleg Madlen
.....(1) Magdalene (Móodlïn) College, at the University of Cambridge, England
.....(2) Magdalen (Móodlïn) College, at the University of Oxford, England

ETYMOLOGY: Madlen < Magdalen < Greek Magdalênê = (woman from) Magdala, a city on the Sea of Galilea

:_______________________________.

Madog [MAA-dog]
[ˡmɑˑdɔg] (masculine noun)
1
man's name

2
patronymic = ap Madog; basis of the English-language surname Maddock, Maddocks, Maddox

Ieuan Madog “John (son of) Madog

:_______________________________.

Madog ab Owain Gwynedd
[MAA-dog ab OU-ain GWI-nedh]
[ˡmɑˑdɔg ab ˡɔʊaɪn ˡgʊɪnɛð / ˡgwɪnɛð]
1
(“Madog (the) son (of) Owain Gwynedd”) (Owain Gwynedd is Owain (prince of the land of) Gwynedd”)

A Welsh leader said to have sailed from Wales to the New World in 1169, landing at the mouth of the Alabama river in the Gulf of Mexico; he returned to Wales for reinforcements, and made a second trip in 1171, but never returned. It is said that these followers of Madog had settled in North America, and that the Mandan people, with whom the Europeans came into contact six hundred years later, were their descendants. Later they were all but wiped out in 1838 by a smallpox epidemic.

2
Madogiaid / Madogion / Madogwys the Welsh Indians

:_______________________________.

 y Madogiaid
[ma-DOG-yaid, -yed]
[maˡdɔgjaɪd, -ɛd] plural
1
the Welsh Indians
See Madog ab Owain Gwynedd

:_______________________________.

y Madogion
[ma-DOG-yon]
[maˡdɔgjɔn] plural
1
the Welsh Indians
See Madog ab Owain Gwynedd

:_______________________________.

y Madogwys
[ma-DOOG-uis]
[maˡdoˑgʊɪs] plural
1
the Welsh Indians
See Madog ab Owain Gwynedd

:_______________________________.

Madrun [MA-drin]
[ˡmadrɪn]
1 (SH2836) mansion in the district of Dwyfor (county of Gwynedd)
The spelling Madryn also exists: an obsolete and less correct spelling.

2 Garnfadrun (SH2735) locality in the district of Dwyfor (county of Gwynedd) west of Pwllheli
Carn Fadrun is the name of a hill (1218 peus) in the locality

On the Ordnnace Survey map the village is simply Garn (= Y Garn)

Garnfadrun (with anomolous initial soft mutation) < Carnfadrun (settlement names are spelt as a single word)
(carn = cairn) + soft mutation + (Madrun female personal name from Latin Matrôna)

Carn Fadrun is the name of the hill itself (1218 feet)

Postal address: Garnfadrun, PWLLHELI, Gwynedd

NOTE: An older misspelt form is Madryn (since y an u are pronounced the same in modern Welsh, this spelling represents the same pronunciation as Madrun). The use of this form with y may possibly be through confusion with the word madryn, a by now obsolete name for a fox, a variant of madyn (= fox)

3
Porth Madryn (or as it would be in a more modern spelling Porthmadryn, since it is a settlement name, and these are spelt as one word in modern Welsh)

Name of a town in Patagonia

This was semi-translated into Castilian as Puerto Madryn

4 “Madrin” (= Madrun) a house name in Abergwyngregyn SH 6572 (county of Conwy), mentioned in the 1851 Census

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British Matrôna.
This was also the Gaulish name of the river Marne in France.

:_______________________________.

madryn
[MA-drin]
[ˡmadrɪn]
1
variant of madyn (qv) = fox

2
Madryn (place name) = Madrun (qv)

3
Porth Madryn / Porthmadryn (place name in Argentina, “Puerto Madryn”). See Madrun (qv)

:_______________________________.

madyn
[MAA-din]
[ˡmɑˑdɪn]
1
(obsolete) fox

ETYMOLOGY: probably the personal name Madyn. The personal name Madog was also used for a fox.

Cf in the south cadno (= fox), from a personal name.

In English, the fox was also referred to by a personal name, reynard.

However, the personal name may not be the origin of the word; in Irish there is a word madra (= dog), and madra rua ‘red dog’ means ‘fox’. So there was possibly a similar element in Welsh.

Also in Irish mathúin (a literary word) = bear (as in the surname MacMathúna “MacMahoney”).

In Gaulish names there was also an element matu- (possibly = bear).

The names Madyn, Madog were possibly used because of their similarity to an original word for fox which had the syllable mad-

NOTE: There is a variant form with [R]
[r] madryn

:_______________________________.

mae [mai]
[maɪ] (verb)
1
there is, it / she / he is

2
mae e
‹MAI e› (verb) he is (South)
mae o
‹MAI o› (verb) he is (North)

3
mae hi
‹MAI hi› (verb) (she) she is

:_______________________________.

Mae aml lwyth wedi troi yn y porth ‹mai a-mal luith we-di troi ən ə porth
1
don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched
(“many a load has rolled over at the (city) gate”; a cartload of goods may have been transported a great distance without mishap yet at the last moment, when almost at the destination, things may go wrong)

ETYMOLOGY: (mae = is) + (aml = frequent) + soft mutation + (llwyth = load) + (wedi = after) + (troi = turn) + (yn y porth = in the gate(way))

:_______________________________.

mae e ‹mae e› (verb)
1
he is (= mae ef) South Wales

:_______________________________.

maeddu ‹MEI dhi› (verb)
1
beat (an adversary)
2
(South Wales) maethgen (f) beating
(maedd- root of maeddu = to beat) + (unknown element)

:_______________________________.

mae ganddo... ‹mai gan -dho›
1
he has...
(South-west Wales) Mae ganddo eli at bob clwyf
He has an excuse for everything (“he has a salve / he has an ointment for every wound”)

Mae ganddo lygad yn ei ben
He’s all there, he’s as sharp as a razor, he’s got his wits about him (“he has an eye in his head”)

ETYMOLOGY: (mae = there is) + (ganddo = with him)

:_______________________________.

1 mael maail masculine noun
1
obsolete lord, chieftain

2 element present in certain personal names of British origin
Arthfael (Arthfel),
Briafael,

Brochfael (broch = tumult) + soft mutation + ( mael = leader)
.....In British this would have been Brokko-maglo-s
Cadfael,
Caranfael,
Cynfael,
Derwfael
(nowadays as Derfel),
Mael,
Maelan,
Maeldderw,
Maelgwn,
Maelien,
Maelog,
Maelrys,
Meilyr,
Morfael

3
Some of these personal names above occur in place names: Cinmael (Cínmael > Cílmael < Cil-máel), Llandderfel, Maelienydd

ETYMOLOGY: British magl- (= big) < Celtic;
It existed as a personal name in British Maglos; and in Gaulish names the element maglo- is to be found.

Related words:

In Irish mál (= prince);
Cf Latin magnus (= big);
Cf Lowlandic (English language of Scotland) mickle (= big)

:_______________________________.

2 mael maail feminine or masculine noun
1
(obsolete) profit, interest, gain
y fael / y mael = the profit

2
See: maelfa meil-va› = shop

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh fael < English vail (= advantage), archaic form of avail (= advantage) < Old French valoir < Latin valêre (= be worth, be strong). The original Welsh form fael was given a radical form mael, since initial f ‹v› is generally a soft-mutated initial in Welsh (from radical ‹m› or ‹b›)
e.g. mam = mother, y fam = the mother

:_______________________________.

3 mael mail masculine noun
1
mail = chainmail
crys mael coat of mail (Also cot haearn, llurig)

ETYMOLOGY: English < French maille (= mesh) < Latin macula (= a spot)
Modern French: maille (= stitch in knitting, knitwear, link of a chain, mesh of a net)

:_______________________________.

maeldy meil-di› masculine noun
PLURAL maeldai meil -dai›
1
obsolete shop

ETYMOLOGY: (mael = profit) + soft mutation + (ty = house). A neologism by the lexicographer William Owen-Pughe (1803) which did not find favour

:_______________________________.

maelfa [MEIL-va]
[ˡməɪlva] feminine noun
PLURAL maelféydd [meil-VEIDH]
[məɪlˡvəɪð]
1
(obsolete) shop
y faelfa = the shop

Erbyn hyn daeth angen am faelfa (shop) yn y lle, canys nad oedd yr un yn y cwm o'r naill ben i'r llall iddo Aeron Afan (1855) page 94
Then there came the need for a shop in the place as there wasn't one in the valley from one end to the other

Cychwynodd Miss Ann Prichard faelfa, neu shop, yn y tŷ newydd, a chadwodd yn y blaen hyd y flwyddyn 1853 (Hanes Tonyrefail, Thomas Morgan, Caer-dydd, 1899)
Miss Ann Prichard began a ‘maelfa’ or shop in the new house and kept ‹it› on until the year 1853

2
(obsolete) market place

3
Maelfa name given to the shopping area in Llanedern, Caer-dydd, in the 1960s

ETYMOLOGY: (mael = profit) + soft mutation+ (-ma = place). A neologism by the lexicographer William Owen-Pughe (1803) to replace the English loanword siop.

The word has not been adopted in ordinary speech

Note: It is also sometimes a masculine noun

:_______________________________.

maelfwrdd [MEIL-vurdh]
[ˡməɪlvʊrð] feminine noun
PLURAL maelfyrddau [meil-VƏRDH-ai,-e]
[məɪlˡvərðaɪ, -ɛ]
1
(literary, obsolete) counter (of a shop)

Cefais ef ar wastad ei gefn ar faelfwrdd ei siop
I found him lying on his back on his shop counter

ETYMOLOGY: (mael = profit; first element of maelfa = shop) + soft mutation+ (bwrdd = table; board).
:_______________________________.

maelgi [MEIL-gi]
[ˡməɪlgɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL [MEIL-gun]
[ˡməɪlgʊn]
1
(Squatina squatina) angel-fish

ETYMOLOGY: “mail dog” (mael = mail, coat of mail) + soft mutation + (ci = dog)

NOTE: In the district of Arfon (county of Gwynedd) it is pronounced malgi [MAL-gi]
[ˡmalgɪ]

:_______________________________.

Maelgwn [MEIL-gun]
[ˡməɪlgʊn] masculine noun
1
man's name

2
Maelgwn Gwynedd (died 547) was king of Gwynedd, and the great-grandson of the king Cunedda, who came to Wales from lands in present-day Scotland. Maelgwn’s court was at Degannwy, 3km south of Llandudno, in the present-day county of Conwy. In Llandudno there is a public house called “Y Maelgwyn” (or at least, in English, “The Maelgwyn”).

Why Maelgwyn instead of the correct form Maelgwn?

In spoken Welsh the reduction of a diphthong to a vowel in a final syllable is a common feature. In this way wy [ui]
[ʊɪ] becomes w [u] [ʊ], as in the river name Ebwy in the south-east, which colloquially is Ebw. The literary language prefers the forms without this reduction. Sometimes there is hypercorrection – a word with an original final w is thought to be a reduced form, and wy replaces it. This has happened in the case of Maelgwn.

This mistaken ‘restoration’ of the diphthong would have seemed further justified because a name with an opaque meaning (mael = lord, -gwn has no apparent meaning, or a less than clear meaning) became meaningful (mael = lord, gwyn = white)

(a les than clear meaning because it could be interpreted as “dogs (of) (the) lord” (mael = lord) + soft mutation + (cŵn = dogs)

It was probably not a spontaneous amendation as there would be no reason to alter the colloquial pronunciation in the everyday language to a supposed correct literary pronunciation. In addition, ‘mael’ is no longer generally understood as ‘lord’ except among the literati (to most people it would be a meaningless name element), so it would seem to be a change made in learnèd Welsh.
------------------

Traeth Maelgwyn SN6194 sands near Ynys-las, Ceredigion

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1079735

-----------------

Castell Malgwyn SN2143 Llechryd, Ceredigion

This seems to be Maelgwn / Maelgwyn > Malgwyn

Cf maelgi > malgi in the entry for maelgi above

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/446989

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/446996

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *maglo-kun-os
(magl- = chief) + (kun- = dog, warrior).

In Cornish the equivalent name is Mawgan < Malgan < Malgon

NOTE: The Welsh name Cynfael has the same elements, in reverse order (warrior + chief, cyn- + mael)

:_______________________________.

Maelgwyn [MEIL-gwin]
[ˡməɪlgwɪn] masculine noun
1
Man's name. See Maelgwn [MEIL-gun]
[ˡməɪlgʊn]

:_______________________________.

Maelien MEIL-yen›
[ˡməɪljɛn] masculine noun
1
Man's name

Maelienydd name of a cantref (see below)

Llanfaelien (“(the) church (of) Maelien”)Welsh name of Much Wenlock, Shropshire, England

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British maglogenos (Mael < Maglos = chieftain) + (-ien <-ghen < genos < gen- to be born)

:_______________________________.

Maelienydd [meil-YEE-nidh]
[məɪljˡeˑnɪð] (feminine noun)
1
(History) cantref / kantrev of the territory of Rhwng Gwy a Hafren (North-east Wales)

:_______________________________.

Maelog [MEI-log]
[ˡməɪlɔg] (masculine noun)
1
man’s name; saint's name (occurs in the place names Llanfaelog, Llandyfaelog)

:_______________________________.

Maelor [MEI-lor]
[ˡməɪlɔr] (feminine noun)
1
area in medieval times in North-west Wales, split into two kúmmuds. See below.

:_______________________________.

Maelor Gymraeg [MEI-lor g
əm-RAIG]
[ˡməɪlɔr gəmˡraɪg]
1
medieval division ('cwmwd') in north-east Wales, one half of the kántrev of Maelor, one of the thirteen kántrevs making up the medieval kingdom (‘gwlad’) of Powys. Wrecsam was the main settlement.

(Maelor Gymraeg is nowadays not in the modern county of Powys, which does not correspond exactly to the old kingdom, but in the county of Wrecsam. The modern county of Powys has an area to the south which was not historically part of the kingdom, and the northernmost area is in the modern Wrecsam and Dinbych counties)


ETYMOLOGY: “(the part of the district called) Maelor (which is) Welsh-speaking / inhabited by Welsh people / abides by Welsh custom
(
Maelor (a feminine noun) ) + soft mutation + (Cymraeg Welsh in speech, Welsh-speaking)

Map

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Description automatically generated
(delweddau 7469, 7472b)

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Maelor Saesneg [MEI-lor SEIS-neg]
[ˡməɪlɔr ˡsəɪsnɛg]
1
medieval division ('cwmwd') of the country (‘gwlad’) of Powys (the area is not in the modern county of Powys, but in the county of Wrecsam). Owrtyn was the main settlement.

ETYMOLOGY: “(the part of the district called) Maelor (which is) English-speaking / inhabited by English people / abides by English custom
(
Maelor) + (Saesneg English in speech, English-speaking)

7469_map_cymydau_060509_080303_maelor
(delwedd 7469)
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maen [main]
[maɪn]

PLURAL meini [MEI-ni] [ˡməɪnɪ] (masculine noun)
1
stone

2
Nid hawdd tynnu mêl o faen You can’t get blood out of a stone (“it is not easy to get honey from a stone”)

3
Ni bydd mysyglog faen o’i fynych drafod A rolling stone gathers no moss (“it will not be mossy a stone from its frequent handling”)

5 maen trangwydd stumbling block

Eseia 8:13 ARGLW
YDD y lluoedd ei hun a sancteiddiwch; a bydded efe yn ofn i chwi, a bydded efe yn arswyd i chwi: (8:14) Ac efe a fydd yn noddfa; ond yn faen tramgwydd ac yn graig rhwystr i ddau dy Israel, yn fagl ac yn rhwyd i breswylwyr Jerwsalem.
Isaiah 8:13 Sanctify the LORD of hosts himself; and let him be your fear, and let him be your dread. (8:14) And he shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for a rock of offense to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem.

5
bedyddfaen baptismal font = stone vessel for holding baptismal water in a church
 (bedydd- root of bedyddio = to baptise) + soft mutation + (maen = stone)

cistfaen “cistfaen” (the Welsh word is used as a technical term in English in the field of archaeology, though its pronunciation is probably altered as a result of spelling pronunciation) = a prehistoric sepulchre, in the form of a box, with four slabs forming the sides, and a horizontal slab as a lid
(“chest-stone”) (cist = coffer) + soft mutation + (maen = stone)

conglfaen cornerstone slab as a lid
(“corner-stone”) (congl = stone) + soft mutation + (maen = stone)

hirfaen (qv) <HIR-vain>
[ˡhɪrvaɪn] longstone, standing stone
”long stone” (hir = long) + soft mutation + (maen = stone)

6 cael y maen i’r wal (“get the stone to / into the wall”) succeed in doing a task, have success
Os gweithiwn ni gyda’n gilydd yn y fenter hon, gawn ni'r maen i'r wal.
If we work together in this matter we’ll succeed

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Y Maen-coch [main KOOKH]
[maɪn ˡkoːx]
1
farm 2km east of Llanboudy SN2123 (county of Caerfyrddin)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘the red stone’ (y = definite article) + (maen = stone) + (coch = red)

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maendref
(maendre) MEIN-drev feminine noun
PLURAL maendrefi
[mein-DREE-vi]
[məɪnˡdreˑvɪ]
1 trêv with stone buildings
y faendref the stone trêv

In Llaneirwg, Caer-dydd, there is
Lôn y Faendre (“Vaindre Lane”), off which are two farms – Y Faendre Fawr (“Vaindre Vawr”) and Y Faendre Fach (“Faendre Fach”)

ETYMOLOGY: (maen = stone) + soft mutation + (tref = trêv, manor)

 
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maen nhw [MAI-nhu]
[ˡmaɪnhʊ] (verb)
1
they are

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maen nw = maen nhw [MAI-nu]
[ˡmaɪnʊ] (verb)
1
they are

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maenol [MEI-nol]
[ˡməɪnɔl] feminine noun
1 maenol is a northern form of maenor (= residence of the district chief)

2 Parc y Faenol locality in the county of Gwynedd
English name: Vaynol Park
“(the) park (of) (the house called) Y Faenol”
(parc = park; field) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (maenol)

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maenor [MEI-nor]
[ˡməɪnɔr] feminine noun
PLURAL maenorau [mei-NOO-rai, -e]
[məɪˡnoˑraɪ, -ɛ]
1 tract containing a number of townships; a medieval administrative division

2 “mansion”, residence of the district chief

3 the residence with its bond-dependent townships, hamlet

4 the residence and all townships free and bound, hamlet

5 fertile low-lying land around this residence

6 home farm = farm attached to a great house (Scotland: mains < demesne)

7 valley

8a Y Faenor (SO0510) locality in the district of Brycheiniog (county of Powys)
“the house of the district chief”
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (maenor = house of the district chief)

In fact, a short name for an original Maenorwynno (“(the) tract (of) Gwynno”)

(maenor = tract, administrative division) + soft mutation + (Gwynno = saint’s name)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/307513 (“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

 

8b Porthfaenor SO4401 near Llan-soe, county of Mynwy / Monmouthshire

porth y faenor “(the) gate (of) the mansion”. Spelt Porthvaynor on the OS map.

ETYMOLOGY: maenor < maenawr (= stones) < (maen = stone) + (-awr plural suffix)
The sense is either
..a/ place enclosed by boundary stones < boundary stones < stones
..b/ stone-built residence of a chieftain < stones

The resemblance to English “manor” (from French) is fortuitous

NOTE: maenor > maenol in North Wales (change of final
r to l. The same change is to be seen in cornel, from the English word corner, though this is dissimulation of ‘r’ in a syllable following another syllable with ‘r’)

 

NOTE: On maps sometimes with an Anglicised spelling “vaynor”, which indicates more or less the Welsh pronunciation

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Maenor-bŷr [mei-nor BIIR]
[məɪnɔr ˡbiːr]
1
SS0697 locality in the county of Penfro
English name: Manorbier

2 a parish at this place

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Maenordeilo
[MEI-nor DEI-lo]
[ˡməɪnɔr ˡdəɪlɔ] (feminine noun)
1
a kúmmud (cwmwd = “neighbourhood”) of the kántrev (cantref = “hundred manors”) of Cantref Mawr (Ystrad Tywi) in south-west Wales

2
Village name.

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maer, meiri ‹MAIR, MEI ri› (masculine noun)
1
mayor
maer y dref / (more colloquially maer y dre) the town mayor
maer y ddinas the city mayor
dirprwy-faer deputy mayor

2 maeres mayoress

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maerdy meir -di›
masculine noun
PLURAL maerdai
meir-dai ›
1 summer dwelling (by a summer cattle pasture), dairy farm

2 land supervised by a steward

3 mansion house, mayor’s residence


ETYMOLOGY: maerdy is “house of the steward [of the trêv]”

(maer = steward, overseer; modern Welsh = mayor) + soft mutation + (ty^ = house)

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Y Maerdy meir -di›
NOTE: Pronounced locally as Y Mardy mar -di› in the south

1 locality in the county of Conwy, on the A5 west of Corwen SJ0144

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/243758 Tafarn yr Afr

2 locality north of Cefneithin SN5513 (county of Caerfyrddin)

3 locality in the county of Caerfyrddin SN6220

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN6220 map

4 locality (northern distric of Y Fenni) in the county of Mynwy SO3015 (on the map as “Mardy”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO3015 map

5 locality in county of Mynwy east of Brynbuga / Usk SO4001
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO4001 map

6 locality in county of Rhondda Cynon Taf, at the top of the Rhondda Fach valley, by Glynrhedynnog SS9798

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS9798 map

Coedwig Fach y Maerdy koid- wig vaakh a meir-di› woodland area in Y Maerdy, Rhondda Cynon Taf

Outlook
/ Issue 14 / September 2008/ www.rhondda-cynon-taf.gov.uk :

A wildlife haven with open, green spaces for all to enjoy has been created from derelict land in Maerdy… A community celebration launched the Maerdy woodland project, which has taken months of work and a huge joint effort… the scheme… includes woodland, pathways and open space as well as a fresh new look for Edward Street and Springfield. The wood has been named “Coedwig Fach y Maerdy”, following a suggestion by 10-year-old Corey Williams of Maerdy Junior School.

 “(the) little wood (of) Y Maerdy” (coedwig = bocs) + soft mutation + (bach = small) + (Y Maerdy)


Y Maerdy was known in the 1930’s for its support for the Communist Party of Great Britain, and was called by some Little Moscow. The title of Lewis Jones’s documentary novel, Cwmardy, (1937), telling of the struggles of mining community in the Rhondda valley in the first two decades of the 1900s probably incorporates the name of the village – Cwm y Mardy / Cwm Mardy (“(the) valley (of) Y Mardy”) > Cwmardy


7 locality in southern Shropshire, England


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Mae’r ergyd gyntaf yn werth dwy ‹mair ER-gid GƏN-tav ən werth DUI
1
the first blow is half the battle

ETYMOLOGY: “the first blow is worth two” (mae = is) + (yr = the) + (ergyd = blow) + soft mutation + (cyntaf = first) + (yn linking particle) + soft mutation + (gwerth = worth) + (dwy = two, feminine form – ergyd is a feminine noun)

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maeres meir -es› feminine noun
PLURAL maeresau ‹meir-
es-ai -e ›

1 mayoress
y faeres the mayoress

ETYMOLOGY: (maer = mayor) + (-es suffix to indicate a female)

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maer y biswail ‹maair ə bis-wail› masculine noun
PLURAL meiri'r biswail mei-rir bis-wail›
1
in the medieval period, the agent of the local ruler in charge of the land; the land bailiff;

cf maerdref (= land worked by unfree tenants to provide a court with food),

ETYMOLOGY: “steward of the (cattle) dung” (maer = steward) + (y = the) + (biswail = dung)

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..1 maes, meysydd ‹MAIS, MEI sidh› (masculine noun)
1
field

maes awyr (qv) airport (“field (of) air”)

maes carafanau
(qv) caravan park (“field (of) caravans”)

maes chwarae (qv) playing field (“field (of) playing”)

maes golff golf course (“field (of) golf”)

maes glanio (qv) airfield (“field (of) landing”)

maes glo (qv) coalfield (“field (of) coal”)

maes jetiau (qv) jetport

maes parcio
(qv) car park (“field (of) parking”)

maes pebyll (qv) campsite (“field (of) tents”)

maes ymarfer golff golf driving range (“field (of) practising golf”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/551486 Maes Ymarfer Golff Tre-borth, Ynys Môn

2 Maes-llan (qv) street name

maes y llan “(the) field (of) the church”, church field

(maes = field) + (y = definite article) + (llan = church)
The linking definite article is often omitted in place names

3 Llan-faes
“(the) church (of the) clearing” (llan = church) + soft mutation + (maes = clearing)

..a/ (SO0328) locality in the district of Brycheiniog (county of Powys); formerly the centre of a kingdom centred around Dyffryn Wysg (the valley of the river Wysg) ruled by Tewdrig, and of a
larger kingdom which replaced it, Brycheiniog, founded by Brychan, a chief of Irish descent

..b/ (SH6077) locality in the county of Ynys Môn

..c/ (SS9869) locality in the county of Bro Morgannwg (South-east Wales)

4 maes teg a fair field


Apocrypha Ecclesiasticus 24:14 Fel palmwydden yn Engadi y dyrchafwyd fi, ac fel planhigyn rhos yn Jericho, fel olewydden hardd mewn maes teg, ac fel planwydden wrth ddyfroedd y cynyddais.
Apocrypha Ecclesiasticus 24:14
I was exalted like a palm tree in En-gaddi, and as a rose plant in Jericho, as a fair olive tree in a pleasant field, and grew up as a plane tree by the water.

See also the place name Maes-teg

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..2 maes
1
(South Wales) maes is from i maes (= out)

(The spoken form is maas and in the South-east määs)
mynd määs / mynd maas < mynd maes < mynd i maes to go out

The recommended spelling for maas is ma’s, but often found as mâs. (The form maas used in this dictionary as it shows that the vowel is long, and that it is a colloquialism – a double vowel is not used to represent length in the standard orthography)

South-eastern määs generally written as mês, and sometimes seen written as mæs.
Here in tis dictionary æ written as ä as it is a clearer and simpler symbol, and a single grapheme as is a of which the sound that ä represents is a variant.

The preposition is dropped in speech, as in many other adverbs with this pattern:
(i) lan (= up) (South)
(i) fyny (= up)
(i) ffwrrd (= away) (North)
(i) bant (= away) (South)

(i) lawr (= down) (South)

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Maesannedd ‹mais A nedh›

.
.a/ house name in Llandanwg, Harlech (“Maes Annedd”)

..b/ street name in Derwen, near Corwen (county of Dinbych) (“Maes Annedd”)

ETYMOLOGY: maes yr annedd (maes = field) + (yr definite article) + (annedd = dwelling)
The linking definite article is often dropped in place names.

In the case of a habitative name, the general rule is to spell it as a single word. Thus Maesannedd is perhaps preferable to Maes Annedd

See also Maesyrannedd

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maes awyr, meysydd awyr ‹mais AU ir, mei sidh AU ir› (masculine noun)
1
airport

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Maes Bronwen ‹mais BRON-wen›

1 playing fields in Brymbo (Wrecsam)


ETYMOLOGY: “(the) field (of) Bronwen”

...er cof am y Cynghorydd Bronwen Greenaway..., [a’i] hymdrechion diddiwedd i gael ailddatblygiad safle'r hen waith dur wyneb yn wyneb â rhwystrau a thwpdra o du'r Cyngor, y cwangos datblygu a'r llywodraeth

...in memory of Councillor Bronwen Greenaway and her endless attempts to get the redevelopment of the site of the old steelworks in the face of obstacles and stupidity on the part of the Council, the development quangos and the Government (Nigel Steply)

http://www.ybarnwr.me.uk/Nid_Blog/Lluniau/OrTud_P0008.htm

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maes carafanau ‹MAIS ka ra VA ne, MEI sidh ka ra VA ne› (masculine noun)
1
caravan park

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Maesbriallu ‹mais bri-a-lhi›
1
street name in
..a/ Caerffili (spelt as two words “Maes Briallu”)
..b/ Llansamlet, county of Abertawe (spelt as two words “Maes Briallu”)


ETYMOLOGY: maes y briallu (“(the) field (of) the primroses”, primrose field) (maes = field) + (y = definite article) + (briallu = primroses)

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Maescelyn ‹mais- ke -lin›
1
street name
..a/ Llanbedr Dyffryn Clwyd, Rhuthun (county of Dinbych) (spelt as two words “Maes Celyn”)
..b/ Llaneurgain (county of Y Fflint) (spelt as two words “Maes Celyn”)
..c/ Coed-y-glyn (county of Wrecsam) (“Maes Celyn”)

ETYMOLOGY:
“maes y celyn” (“(the) field (of) the holly-bushes”)
(maes = field) + (definite article y) + (celyn holly-bushes)

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maes chwarae ‹mais khwaa -re›
masculine noun
PLURAL meysydd chwarae mei-sidh khwaa -re›
1
playing field, sports ground, sports field

2 Maeschwarae
Street name in Yr Ystôg, district of Maldwyn, county of Powys

(Officially spelt as two words “Maes Chwarae”, though street names which have the form of habitative names – i.e. lacking an element denoting a road – would perhaps more correctly be written as one word)


ETYMOLOGY:
“y maes chwarae”
(“(the) field (of) playing”) (maes = field) + (chwarae = playing, to play)

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Maescuhelyn ‹mais ki- hee -lin›
1
street name Llannerch-y-medd (county of Môn)

(Officially spelt as two words “Maes Cuhelyn”, though street names which have the form of habitative names – i.e. lacking an element denoting a road – would perhaps more correctly be written as one word)

ETYMOLOGY:
“maes Cuhelyn” (“(the) field (of) Cuhelyn”)
(maes = field) + (Cuhelyn man’s name)

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Maescwstennin ‹mais ku-ste-nin›
1
street name in Cyffordd Llandudno, county of Conwy

(Officially spelt as two words “Maes Cwstennin”, though street names which have the form of habitative names – i.e. lacking an element denoting a road – would perhaps more correctly be written as one word)

ETYMOLOGY:
“maes Cwstennin” (“(the) field (of) Constantine”)
(maes = field) + (definite article y) + (Cwstennin Constantine)

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maesgampwr ‹meis- gam-pur › masculine noun
PLURAL maesgampwyr ‹meis- gamp-wir›
1
(obsolete) sportsman

ETYMOLOGY: (maes = field) + soft mutation + (campwr = man of prowess)

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maes glanio, meysydd glanio ‹mais GLAN yo, mei sidh GLAN yo› (masculine noun)
1
airfield

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Y Maes-glas ‹mais- glaas
1
Locality name
a) SJ1977 locality in the county of Y Fflint; English name: Greenfield

7441_map_llwyd_cymru_LLIW_glan_y_don_090317

(delwedd 7441)


b) ST2985 locality in the county of Casnewydd

2
Street name in:
..a/ Aberteifi (county of Ceredigion) (spelt as one word “Maesglas”)
..b/ Caer-dydd (county of Caer-dydd) (spelt as two words “Maes Glas”)
..c/ Caerffili (county of Caerffili) (spelt as two words “Maes Glas”)
..d/ Cefncribwr (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (spelt as two words “Maes Glas”)
..e/ Degannwy, near Conwy (county of Conwy) (spelt as two words “Maes Glas”)
..f/ Diserth, near Y Rhyl (county of Y Fflint) (spelt as two words “Maes Glas”)
..g/ Ewlo, near Glandyfrdwy (county of Y Fflint) (spelt as two words “Maes Glas”)
..h/ Llanaelhaearn, near Caernarfon (county of Gwynedd) (spelt as two words “Maes Glas”)
..i/ Machynlleth (county of Powys)
..j/ Pont-tŷ-pridd (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (spelt as two words “Maes Glas”)
..k/ Prestatyn (county of Y Fflint) (spelt as two words “Maes Glas”)
..l/ Treuddyn, near Yr Wyddgrug (county of Y Fflint)
..m/ Wrecsam (county of Wrecsam)
..n/ Y Barri (county of Bro Morgannwg) (spelt as two words “Maes Glas”)
..o/ Y Fflint (county of Y Fflint)
..p/ Y Pil, near Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (spelt as two words “Maes Glas”)
..q/ Llandrillo yn Rhos, near Baecolwyn (county of Conwy) (spelt as two words “Maes Glas”)

(In most of these names it is officially spelt as two words “Maes
Glas”, though street names which have the form of habitative names – i.e. lacking an element denoting a road – would perhaps more correctly be written as one word. This is the case in Aberteifi, though it is deficient in that it lacks the hyphen that is needed in place names of this type to show that the final element bears the stress)

(The name may in some cases be that of a farm name (
Maes-glas); in others, of a local field name (Maes Glas); and in others, it may be an invented name rather than an existing local name)

ETYMOLOGY: y maes glas “the green field” (y = definite article) + (maes = field) + (glas = green)

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maes glo ‹mais gloo masculine noun
PLURAL meysydd glo mei-sidh gloo
1
coalfield = district with an abundance of coal
maes glo'r De the South Wales coalfield

ETYMOLOGY: “field (of) coal” (maes = field) + (glo = coal)

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maesgoed ‹meis goid masculine noun
1 (rare) woodland in open country

LLANWRDA.

Coarse flannels were made here at the mills by the waterside of the Towy and of the stream that here comes tumbling out of a long valley to join it, but that is now a thing of the past. Near at hand, just where the road passes the site of the old Abermarlais Toll- gate, and within the entrance of that park, is a standing stone, some ten feet in height, overshadowed by a yew tree. The " Maesgoed ' inn of coaching days has disappeared.

The Oxford, Gloucester And Milford Haven Road : The Ready Way To South Wales. Charles G. Harper.  1905.

 

Cae Maesgod SH 38537 37838 Filed name in Llannor, Sir Gaernarfon / Caernarfonshire


ETYMOLOGY: “field wood” (maes = field) + soft mutation + (coed = wood)

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Maesgogor ‹mais- goo -gor› -
1
name of a street in Llansannan, county of Dinbych
(Officially spelt as two words “Maes
Gogor”, though street names which have the form of habitative names – i.e. lacking an element denoting a road – would perhaps more correctly be written as one word)

ETYMOLOGY: Apparently the base form is maes y gogr “(the) field (of) the sieve”, though earlier forms of the name might lead to a different explanation of its meaning

 

The bisyllabic form gogor is the usual colloquial form of standard gogr. An epenthetic vowel (mirroring the original vowel) has broken up the consonant cluster in this monosyllabic word. This kind of epenthesis, where a monsyllabic word becomes bisyllabic, is a common feature in Welsh.)

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maes golff, meysydd golff ‹mais GOLF, mei sidh GOLF› (masculine noun)
1
golf course

See maes
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Maes-gwyn ‹mais- gwin
1
Street name in:
..a/ Aberdulais, near Castell-nedd (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (spelt as two words “Maes Gwyn”)
..b/ Caerffili, county of Caerffili (spelt as two words “Maes Gwyn”)
..c/ Graeanrhyd, near Llanarmon yn Iâl, Yr Wyddgrug (county of Y Fflint) (spelt as two words “Maes Gwyn”)
..d/ Llanddaniel, near Gaerwen, county of Môn (spelt as two words “Maes Gwyn”)
..e/ Llanddona, Bowmaris, county of Môn (spelt as two words “Maes Gwyn”)
..f/ Llanfair Caereinion, near Y Trallwng, county of Powys (spelt as two words “Maes Gwyn”)
..g/ Pen-twyn-mawr, near Y Bontnewydd (county of Casnewydd) (spelt as two words “Maes Gwyn”)
..h/ Y Fflint (county of Y Fflint) (spelt as two words “Maes Gwyn”)
..i/ Pont-iets (Llanelli) (spelt as “Maesgwyn”)

2
Maes-gwyn (spelt as Maesgwyn) Name of a school in Cwm-dâr, Aber-dâr (Rhondda Cynon Taf)

ETYMOLOGY: y maes gwyn “the white field” (y = definite article) + (maes = field) + (gwyn = white)

(In most of these names it is officially spelt as two words “Maes
Gwyn”, though street names which have the form of habitative names – i.e. lacking an element denoting a road – would perhaps more correctly be written as one word. This is the case in Pont-iets, though it is deficient in that it lacks the hyphen that is needed in place names of this type to show that the final element bears the stress)

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Maes-hyfryd ‹mais- -vrid›
1
street name in:
..a/ Biwmaris, (county of Môn) (spelt as two words “Maes Hyfryd”)
..b/ Bryncrug, Tywyn, (county of Gwynedd) (spelt as two words “Maes Hyfryd”)
..c/ Caernarfon (county of Gwynedd) (spelt as two words “Maes Hyfryd”)
..d/ Carmel, Caernarfon (county of Gwynedd) (spelt as two words “Maes Hyfryd”)
..e/ Coed-poeth (county of Wrecsam) (spelt as two words “Maes Hyfryd”)
..f/ Cynwyd, Corwen (county of Dinbych) (spelt as two words “Maes Hyfryd”)
..g/ Dwyran, Llanfairpwllgwyngyll (county of Môn) (spelt as two words “Maes Hyfryd”)
..h/ Garndolbenmaen (county of Gwynedd) (spelt as two words “Maes Hyfryd”)
..i/ Glanconwy, Baecolwyn (county of Conwy) (spelt as two words “Maes Hyfryd”)
..j/ Graigfechan, Rhuthun, (county of Wrrecsam) (spelt as two words “Maes Hyfryd”)
..k/ Llanfairpwllgwyngyll (county of Môn) (spelt as two words “Maes Hyfryd”)
..l/ Moelfre (county of Môn) (spelt as two words “Maes Hyfryd”)
..m/ Morfanefyn, Pwllheli (county of Gwynedd) (spelt as two words “Maes Hyfryd”)
..n/ Rhosrobin, Wrecsam (spelt as two words “Maes Hyfryd”)
..o/ Rhuthun (county of Dinbych) (spelt as two words “Maes Hyfryd”)
..p/ Y Fflint, Flintshire (spelt as two words “Maes Hyfryd”)
..q/ Y Waun, Llanelwy (county of Dinbych) (spelt as two words “Maes Hyfryd”)
..r/ spelt as two words “Maes Hyfryd Terrace”, Dinbych (county of Dinbych) (Translated, this would be “Teras Maes-hyfryd)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘y maes hyfryd’ the pleasant field
(y definite article) + (maes = field) + (hyfryd = pleasant)

NOTE: The examples above spell the name with the elements apart.

But the general rule in Welsh is to spell settlement names (and this in theory applies to street names with the form of house or farm names) as a single word. This would give Maeshyfryd, but as sh is a digraph in Welsh as in English (though widely used to indicate dialect pronunciations in Welsh, it is absent from the standard spelling) such names should perhaps be separated with a hyphen Maes-hyfryd.

(There are some examples of place names in England s-h in place names has come to be misread as sh – Lewis-ham > Lewisham, etc)

:_______________________________.

maes jetiau, meysydd jetiau ‹mais JET ye, mei sidh JET ye› (masculine noun)
1
jetport

:_______________________________.

Maes-llan ‹mais- llan
1
As a street name:
..a/ Dolwyddelan (county of Conwy) (spelt as two words “Maes Llan”)

..b/ Eglwys-bach, near Baecolwyn (county of Conwy) (spelt as two words “Maes Llan”)

..c/ Gwernaffild, near Yr Wyddgrug (county of Y Fflint) (spelt as two words “Maes Llan”)

..d/ Llanarmon yn Iâl (county of Ceredigion) (spelt as two words “Maes Llan”)

..e/ Llanbedr Pont Steffan (county of Dinbych) (spelt as “Maesllan”)

..f/ Llandyrnog, near Dinbych (county of Dinbych) (spelt as two words “Maes Llan”)

..g/ Mynyddcynffig (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (spelt as two words “Maes Llan”)


ETYMOLOGY: maes y llan “(the) field (of) the church”, church field
(maes = field) + (y = definite article) + (llan = church)
The linking definite article is often omitted in place names Maes-y-llan > Maes-llan

(In these names it is officially spelt as two words “Maes
Llan”, though street names which have the form of habitative names – i.e. lacking an element denoting a road – would perhaps more correctly be written as one word.)

:_______________________________.

Maeslygan ‹mais--gan›
1
(“(the) field (of) (the village called) Helygain”)

Name of a street (appears as “Maes Lygan”) in the village of Pentrehelygain SJ1972 / “Pentre Halkyn”, county of Y Fflint

(Lygan -gan› is the local form of Helygain)

NOTE: In this part of the north-east a final ‹e› becomes ‹a›, as in the north-west; thus, Helygain ‹he--gain› > Helygan ‹he--gan› > Lygan ‹(he-)-gan› (loss of the first syllable)

:_______________________________.

Maesnewydd ‹ə mais NEU idh›
1
minor place name (farms, houses, streets)
2 Name of street in Machynlleth, Powys

ETYMOLOGY: y maes newydd “the new field”
(y = the) + (maes = field) + (newydd = new)

:_______________________________.

maes parcio, meysydd parcio ‹mais PARK yo, mei sidh PARK yo› (masculine noun)
1
parking lot (Englandic: car park)

ETYMOLOGY: maes newydd “field (of) parking”
(maes = field) + (parcio = parking)
:_______________________________.

maes pebyll, meysydd pebyll ‹mais PE bilh, mei sidh PE bilh› (masculine noun)
1
campsite

ETYMOLOGY: maes pebyll “field (of) tents”
(maes = field) + (pebyll = tents, plural form of pabell = tent)

:_______________________________.

Maes Taf ‹mais-TAAV
1
Heol Maes Taf street name in Pentre-bach, Merthyrtudful (“Maestaf Street”)

ETYMOLOGY: “field (by the river) Taf” (maes = field, open land) + (Taf = river name)

:_______________________________.

Maes-teg ‹mais-TEEG
1
SS8591 village in Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr county

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=172309

2 The phrase maes teg “a fair field” occurs in the 1620 translation of the Bible:


Apocrypha Ecclesiasticus 24:14 Fel palmwydden yn Engadi y dyrchafwyd fi, ac fel planhigyn rhos yn Jericho, fel olewydden hardd mewn maes teg, ac fel planwydden wrth ddyfroedd y cynyddais.
Apocrypha Ecclesiasticus 24:14
I was exalted like a palm tree in En-gaddi, and as a rose plant in Jericho, as a fair olive tree in a pleasant field, and grew up as a plane tree by the water.

ETYMOLOGY: y maes teg “the fair field” (y = definite article) + (maes = field, open land) + (teg = fair)
:_______________________________.

maestir meis -tir› m masculine noun
PLURAL maestiroedd ‹meis- ti -rodh›
1
open country, plain

2 range = grazing ground

3 place names:
..a/ name of a farm near Llanbedr Pont Steffan
..b/ street name in Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)

ETYMOLOGY: (maes = field, open land) + soft mutation + (tir = land) > *maesdir > maestir (sd > st)

:_______________________________.

maestref, maestrefi ‹MEI stre, mei STREE vi› (feminine noun)
1
suburb

2 (obsolete) village, town

There is a street in Llanelli with the odd spelling “Maes Tref”, which would mean “(the) field (of) a trêv or manor” or “(the) field (of) a town”. A comment on one website states 2006-08-26
I actually live on a street called Maes Tref which in English is "Town" or "Home" Field”.

But the name should surely be Maestref / Maestre, or even more correctly Y Faestref / Y Faestre (= the village)

Samuel-1 27:5 A Dafydd a ddywedodd wrth Achis, O chefais yn awr ffafr yn dy olwg di, rhodder i mi le yn un o’r maestrefi, fel y trigwyf yno: canys paham yr erys dy was di yn ninas y brenin gyda thi?              

Samuel-1 27:5 And David said unto Achish, If I have now found grace in thine eyes, let them give me a place in some town in the country, that I may dwell there: for why should thy servant dwell in the royal city with thee?

Sechareia
2:4 Ac efe a ddywedodd wrtho, Rhed, llefara wrth y llanc hwn, gan ddywedyd Jerwsalem a gyfanheddir fel maestrefi rhag amled dyn ac anifail o'i mewn.
Zecharia
2:4 And said unto him, Run, speak to this young man, saying, Jerusalem shall be inhabited as towns without walls for the multitude of men and cattle therein:

ETYMOLOGY: (maes = field, open land) + soft mutation + (tref = trêv) > *maesdref > maestref (sd > st)

:_______________________________.

Maesyrannedd ‹mais ər A-nedh›

1
street in Treganna, Caer-dydd (spelt as “Maes yr Annedd”)

ETYMOLOGY: maes yr annedd (
“(the) field (of) the abode”)
(maes = field) + (yr definite article) + (annedd = dwelling)

See also Maesannedd

:_______________________________.

Maesysiglen ‹mais ə si-len›
1
‘wagtail field’ street name in Trecenydd (county of Caerffili) – surrounding streets also have Welsh names referring to types of bird

ETYMOLOGY: ‘maes y siglen’ (“(the) field (of) the wagtail”)
(maes = field) + (y = the) + (siglen = wagtail)

:_______________________________.

maetheg mei –theg›
feminine noun
1
(science) nutrition = the study of the assimilation of food by an organism

ETYMOLOGY: (maeth = sustenance, food) + (-eg suffix for forming a noun indicating a science

:_______________________________.

maethegwr ‹meit-thee-gur›
masculine noun
PLURAL maethegwyr ‹meit-theg-wir›
1
(science) nutrition = the study of the assimilation of food by an organism


ETYMOLOGY: (maetheg = nutrition) + (-i-wr suffix for indicating a device or an agent; literally = man)

:_______________________________.

maethgen meith -gen› feminine noun
PLURAL maethgennau ‹meith- ge -ne›
1
(South Wales) beating

ETYMOLOGY: (maedd- root of maeddu = to beat) + (unknown element –gen or -cen) > *maeddgen > maethgen

:_______________________________.

mafonen, mafon ‹ma VO nen, MA von› (feminine noun)
1
raspberry
y fanonen = raspberry

:_______________________________.

màg, màgs ‹MAG, MAGS› (feminine noun)
1
(North-west) - halfpenny. màgs = money

:_______________________________.

Magi ‹MA gi› (feminine noun)
1
Maggie

Used as a diminutive form of the woman's name Marged (= Margaret)

Magi’r Post Maggie of the Post Office, Maggie the Postmistress

:_______________________________.

magl, maglau ‹MAA gal, MA gle› (feminine noun)
1
trap
y fagl = the trap

2
magl ffŵl booby trap (“trap (of) fool”, fool’s trap) = (1) explosive trap (2) trap which is a practical joke

gosod magl ffŵl set a booby trap, to booby-trap

Roedd maglau ffŵl ym mhob ystafell ym mhencadlys y gelyn There were booby traps in every room in the headquarters of the enemy

3 In Yr Hob (county of Wrecsam) there is a street called “Fagl Lane” (which would be Lôn y Fagl in Welsh)

4 Rhyd-y-fagl / Rhyd y Fagl (literary Welsh) the town of Stafford, England (“(the) ford (of) the snare”)

ETYMOLOGY: From English Maggie, an augmented diminutive form by the addition of the suffix –ie, from Màg, a dminutive form of Margaret

:_______________________________.

magned mag -ned› masculine noun
PLURAL magnedi ‹mag- nee -di›
1
magnet
magned pedol horseshoe magnet
magned clymog compound magnet

2
magnet = object of great attraction, centre of attention or attraction
Mae Ysgol Gymráeg Llundain yn fagned a chanolbwynt i deuluoedd Cymraeg prifddinas Lloegr
The Welsh school in London is a magnet and a centre for Welsh-speaking families in the capital of England

ETYMOLOGY: magned < English magnet < Middle English magnete
< Latin magnes (= magnet) < Greek ho magnês (lithos)

(= the Magnesian stone, the stone from Magnês, a region abundant in minerals)

NOTE: colloquial form: magnet

:_______________________________.

magnel mag -nel› feminine noun
PLURAL magnelau ‹mag-nee-le›
1
cannon
pelen fagnel PLURAL pelenni magnel cannonball

2
(medieval period) kind of catapult for hurling stones to breach defensive walls

ETYMOLOGY: magnel < mangnel < English mangnel < mangonel < Old French mangonel

:_______________________________.

magnet mag -net› masculine noun
PLURAL magnetau, magnets ‹mag-nee-te, mag -nets›
1
(Colloquial) magnet. See magned

:_______________________________.

magnolia ‹mag-nol-yas › feminine noun
PLURAL magnolias ‹mag-nol-yas›
1
magnolia = shrub or tree of the genus Magnolia, which have attractive white or pinkish flowers and an exquisite fragrance and are valued for their longevity

coeden fagnolia PLURAL coed magnolia magnolia tree

2
magnolia = a flower of a magnolia bush
6912_ffoto_magnolia_wikipedia_070516
(delwedd 6912) Ffoto: wikipedia

3
street names:
..1/ Magnolia street name in Caerwedros, Llandysul (county of Ceredigon)
..2/ Clos y Fagnolia This would be the Welsh translation of various streets called “Magnolia Close”
...a/ Caer-dydd
...b/ Y Porth (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
...c/ Merthyrtudful
...d/ Casnewydd

3
/ Cwrt y Fagnolia Welsh translation of Magnolia Court, street name in Y Rhyl (county of Dinbych)

4
/ Rhodfa’r Fagnolia Welsh translation of Magnolia Drive, Y Coed-duon (county of Caerffili)

5
/ Rhestr y Fagnolia Welsh translation of Magnolia Terrace, in Y Fenni (county of Mynwy)

6
/ Heol y Fagnolia Welsh translation of Magnolia Way in Llanilltud Faerdre (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

ETYMOLOGY: English < French, from the name of the French botanist Pierre Magnol (1638-1715)

:_______________________________.

magu ‹MA gi› (verb)
1
(verb with an object) to raise; to breed

2
caseg fagu plural cesig magu brood mare, mare kept for producing foals

3
magu bol get a pot belly, get potbellied
Mae e’n magu bol, ond yw e? He’s getting potbellied, isn’t he?

4 ailfagu “raise, breed, etc again”
ailfagu archwaeth regain one’s appetite

5
(verb without an object) breed, reproduce
magu fel cwningod breed lke rabbits

6 gardd fagu nursery garden
(gardd = garden) + soft mutation + ( magu = nurture, cultivate)

:_______________________________.

Magws ‹MA gus› (feminine noun) (diminutive form)
1
Maggie; diminutive form Mag

ETYMOLOGY: (Màg = Mag, Meg, Maggie, Margaret) + (-ws diminutive suffix used with personal names)

:_______________________________.

magwyr, magwyrydd ‹MA guir, ma GUI ridh› (feminine noun)
1
wall, dry-stone wall
y fagwyr = the wall

:_______________________________.

Magwyr ‹MA guir› (feminine noun)
1
village in the south-east

English name: Magor

The local pronunciation, when the traditional Welsh language was still spoken here, would have been “Macwr” (south-eastern feautre of devoicing of b-g-d at the head of a final syllable; southern feature of the reduction of the diphthong wy [ui] in a final syllable to the vowel w [u])

:_______________________________.

maharen, meheryn ‹ma HAA ren, me HEE rin› (masculine noun)
1
ram
:_______________________________.

mai ‹MAI› (conj)
1 that-it-is

Cofia mai Dydd Gŵyl Ddewi yw hi heddiw

Remember that today’s Saint David’s Day (“remember that-it-is Saint David’s Day that-it-is it today”)

Gwn mai ef yw'r dyn I know that he's the man 'that it is / he / who is / the man') ‹gun mai EEV iur DIIN›

ETYMOLOGY: A form of mae e (= it is)

A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative. John Morris(-)Jones, 1913. Page 448: ymae, mae, Modern Welsh mae ‘that it is’, in the late period written mai, also dialect (South Wales) taw

7263_jmj_welsh_grammar_1913_448_mai_081225

(delwedd 7263)

________________

Page 348. The Late Modern spelling mai of the conjunctive form seems to come from mai e,; elsewhere the pronunciation is mae = may or ma’; the form mai owes its adoption to the popular notion that a conjunction ‘that’ must differ from a verb ‘is’. The word means, not ‘that’, but ‘that it is’; as gwn mae Dafydd a’i gwnaeth ‘I know that it is Dafydd who made it’.

7262_jmj_welsh_grammar_1913_348_mai_081225 

(delwedd 7262)

________________

Page 430. To questions introduced by a, the answer is the verb repeated, or its equivalent, as gwnaf, ‘I will do [so]’, except when it is aorist or perfect, in which case the answer is do ‘yes’. To questions introduced by ai the answer is Middle Welsh ief, ieu, Modern Welsh i-e; indirect, Middle Welsh mae ef ‘that it is’, Modern Welsh mai e

7260_jmj_welsh_grammar_1913_430_positive_answers_081225

(delwedd 7260)

:_______________________________.

Mai (also mis Mai) ‹MAI / miis MAI› (masculine noun)
1
May

mis Mai May (“(the) month (of) May”)

ym mis Mai in May
ar ddechrau mis Mai at the beginning of May
ar ganol mis Mai
in the middle of May, in mid-May
ar ddiwedd mis Mai
at the end of May

bob mis Mai every May


01
Mai (y cyntaf o Fai)
the first of May
Calan Mai
(“the) calend (of) May”)

...02 Mai (yr ail o Fai)
the second of May

...03 Mai (y trydydd o Fai)
the third of May

...04 Mai (y pedwerydd o Fai)
the fourth of May

...05 Mai (y pumed o Fai)
the fifth of May

...06 Mai (y chweched o Fai)
the sixth of May

...07 Mai (y seithfed o Fai)
the seventh of May

...08 Mai (yr wythfed o Fai)
the eighth of May

...09 Mai (y nawfed o Fai)
the ninth of May

...10 Mai (y degfed o Fai)
the tenth of May

...11 Mai (yr unfed ar ddeg o Fai)
the eleventh of May

...12 Mai (y deuddegfed o Fai)
the twelfth of May

...13 Mai (y trydydd ar ddeg o Fai)
the thirteenth of May

...14 Mai (y pedwerydd ar ddeg o Fai)
the fourteenth of May

...15 Mai (y pymthegfed o Fai)
the fifteenth of May

...16 Mai (yr unfed ar bymtheg o Fai)
the sixteenth of May

...17 Mai (yr ail ar bymtheg o Fai)
the seventeenth of May

...18 Mai (y deunawfed o Fai)
the eighteenth of May

...19 Mai (y pedwerydd ar bymtheg o Fai)
the nineteenth of May

...20 Mai (yr ugeinfed o Fai)
the twentieth of May

...21 Mai (yr unfed ar hugain o Fai)
the twenty-first of May

...22 Mai (yr ail ar hugain o Fai)
the twenty-second of May

...23 Mai (y trydydd ar hugain o Fai)
the twenty-third of May

...24 Mai (y pedwerydd ar hugain o Fai)
the twenty-fourth of May

...25 Mai (y pumed ar hugain o Fai)
the twenty-fifth of May

...26 Mai (y chweched ar hugain o Fai)
the twenty-sixth of May

...27 Mai (y seithfed ar hugain o Fai)
the twenty-seventh of May

...28 Mai (yr wythfed ar hugain o Fai)
the twenty-eighth of May

...29 Mai (y nawfed ar hugain o Fai)
the twenty-ninth of May

...30 Mai (y degfed ar hugain o Fai)
the thirtieth of May

...31 Mai (yr unfed ar ddeg ar hugain o Fai)
the thirty-first of May

:_______________________________.

maidd maidh masculine noun
PLURAL meiddion meidh-yon›
1
whey, thin milk left over from cheesemaking
maidd glas whey (“blue whey”)

2
difeiddio separate curds from whey
= to “di-whey”, (di- negative prefix) + soft mutation + (meidd- < maidd = whey) + (-io suffix)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish meidh (= whey)
From the same Celtic root: Irish meadhg (= whey), Manx meaig (= whey)

Also: French màgue (= whey) (from Gaulish)

:_______________________________.

mail mail feminine noun
PLURAL meiliau, meilau meil –ye, mei-le›
South-east Wales
1
bowl, basin
y fail = the bowl

cael llond mail o uwd
have a bowlful of porridge

ETYMOLOGY: Probabably English (Old English mel- = cup, bowl, basin)

:_______________________________.

main ‹MAIN› (adjective)
1
slender, narrow, thin

2
Llwybr Main name of a road in Mynydd Llandygái, Bangor, county of Gwynedd
”y llwybr main” = the narrow path / way
(y = the) + (llwybr = path, way) + (main = thin; narrow)

3
gefel fain ( Surgery) forceps
(gefel = tongs) + soft mutation + (main = slender)

4 (voice) reedy, shrill, piping
llais main a reedy voice

5 thin = skinny, slim, lean, not fat (ie = naturally thin)
ceffyl main = skinny horse
COMPARISONS:
mor fain â as thin / skinny as
cyn feined â as thin / skinny as
main fel as thin / skinny as (“thin / skinny like...”)

There are a number of expressions corresponding to English “as thin as a rake”

(
cyn feined â can be replaced by the equivalent mor fain â)
cyn feined â brwynen (“... as a rush”)
cyn feined â choes robin goch (“...as a leg of a robin”)
cyn feined ag asen (“...as a rib”)
cyn feined â phryf genwair (“...as a worm”) (“animal of fishing rod”)
cyn feined â'r gawnen (“...as the reed”)
cyn feined â slywen (“...as an eel”)
bod yn fain fel styllen (“be as thin as a board”)

:_______________________________.

mainc, meinciau ‹MAINGK, MEINGK ye› (feminine noun)
1
bench
y fainc = the bench

2 bench of a magistrate, member of parliament

y meinciau cefn the back benches (in a parliament)


:_______________________________.

maint, meintiau ‹MAINT› (masculine noun)
1
size

2
Mae’n rhy fach o dri maint It’s three sizes too small

3
torri darn i’r iawn faint cut a piece to the right size
torri darn i’r maint iawn cut a piece to the right size

4 Trech metel na maint “(it is) stronger bravery / mettle than size”

5 cyfaint volume = space in a container occupied by a liquid or gas
(cy- < cyf- prefix = ‘together’) + soft mutation + ( maint = size)

6 there is soft mutation after yr un (= the same...), even though the word is masculine
yr un faint o the same amount of
bod o’r un faint â be the same size as

:_______________________________.

maintioli ‹main ti OO li› (masculine noun)
1
size

efallai ei fod ychydig yn fwy na'r maintioli canolig
he’s maybe a little bigger than average (“than the average size”)

:_______________________________.

Mair mair feminine noun
1
woman's name = Mary

2
the Virgin Mary
also Mair Wyryf the Virgin Mary (“Mary Virgin”)
also Mair Forwyn the Virgin Mary (“Mary Virgin, Mary Maiden”)

3
Gwenfair woman's name (gwen = holy) + (Mair); also Meirwen, with the elements reversed (less correctly but fairly common with ‘ai’ - Mairwen)

4
Eglwys Fair the Church of Saint Mary, Saint Mary's Church;
(a) church of this name in Caer-dydd, (b) Heol Eglwys Fair name of a street in central Caer-dydd leading down to the church

5
In many village names, from the parish church; normally Llanfair lhan-ver› (accent on the first element) but sometimes Llan-fair ‹lhan-vair (accent on the second element)

6
in the names of plants and creatures

..1/ allwedd Mair ashkey = winged seed of an ash tree (“(the) key (of) (the Virgin) Mary”)
..2/ celynnen Fair (Ruscus aculeatus) butcher's broom (“holly (of) (the Virgin) Mary”);
..3/ colomen Fair Streptopelia turtur turtle dove (“dove (of) (the Virgin) Mary”);
The standard name is turtur

..4/ esgid Fair Cypripedium calceolus Lady’s slipper (“(the) shoe (of the Virgin) Mary”)

 (esgid = shoe) + soft mutation + (Mair = Mary)

Esgid-mair Name of a street in Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg) (spelt ‘Esgid Mair’)

Esgid Fair is more correct (and occurs under esgid in GPC - Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru). Esgid Mair appears in William Owen-Pughe’s 1832 Dictionary)

 

7912_cypripedium-calceolus_esgid-mair_120925

(delwedd 7912)



ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish eskiz (= shoe)

NOTE: Colloquially esgidiau
> <e-SKID-yai, -ye> [ɛˡskɪdjaɪ, -ɛ] > sgidiau / sgidie <SKID-ye> [skɪdjɛ] (loss of the first syllable)

South-east Wales: esgidiau > sgitsha <SKI-cha>
[ˡskɪʧa]
..5/ gold Mair Chrysanthemum segetum corn marigold (“goldflower (of the) (Virgin) Mary”)
..6/ mantell Fair Alchemilla vulgaris Lady’s mantle (“(the) matnle (of the Virgin) Mary”)
..7/ rhedynen Fair Athyrium filix-femina Lady fern (“(the) fern (of the Virgin) Mary”)
..8/ ysgallen Fair Silybium marianum milk thistle (“(the) thistle (of the Virgin) Mary”)

7
(Catholicism) various feast days dedicated to the Virgin Mary
Gwyl Fair (the) feastday (of) Mary
(gwyl = feastday) + soft mutation + (Mair = Mary)

..(a) Gwyl Fair y Canhwyllau (2 February) = Candlemas. The day celebrating the presentation of Jesus in the Temple, and the Purification of the Virgin Mary. ('Gwyl Fair' of the candles - candles were blessed on this day).
Wyl Fair on the feastday of Mary, on 2 February (in adverbial phrases there is soft mutation of the initial consonant, hence gwyl > wyl)

Occurs in the saying referring to the lengthening day after the winter solstice which begins to be noticeable from the New Year

Awr fawr Calan, dwy Wyl Eilian, tair Wyl Fair
‘big hour (on) the calend (“awr fawr y Calan”), two on Eilian’s feastday, and three on Mary’s feastday’
that is, the day will have lengthened a full hour by New Year’s Day (Y Calan) on January the first, (half an hour in the morning a half an hour in the evening), two hours on Eilian’s feastday (Gwyl Eilian) on January the thirteenth, and three hours by Lady Day (Gwyl Fair) on February the second

..(b) Gwyl Fair y Cyhydedd 25 March; Lady Day, or Annunciation Day; the day of the annunciation of the Virgin, the proclamation of the angel to the Virgin Mary. The name in Welsh means ‘Gwyl Fair of the equinox’ (cyhydedd is literally ‘equal length’) because it occurs just after the spring equinox.

Another name is Gwyl Fair hanner y gwanwyn (= halfway through spring)

..(c) Gwyl Fair yn Awst (= in August) the Assumption of the Virgin Mary (taking up into heaven) 15 August

..(d) Gwyl Fair ym Medi (= in September) the Nativity of the Virgin Mary 8 September

8
y Tair Mair The three Marys
The three Marys are depicted in illustrations in the Middle Ages standing witnessing the Crucifixion of Christ. They are
(1) Mary, the mother of Christ,
(2) Mary Magdalen and
(3) Mary of Cleophas,


They are depicted in illustrations in the Middle Ages standing at the foot of the cross as witnesses of the Crucifixion of Christ.


Sant Ioan 19.25 Ac yr oedd yn sefyll wrth groes yr Iesu, ei fam ef, a chwaer ei fam ef, Mair gwraig Cleoffas, a Mair Magdalen
Saint John 19.25 Now there stood by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene

7219_y_tair_mair_081202_el_greco_el_expolio


(delwedd 7219)

El Greco (1541–1614), El Expolio – the three Marys appear at the bottom of the painting

 
Llan-y-tair-mair (qv) SS4688 locality in the county of Abertawe (“the church of the three Marys”).
English name: Knelston nel-stən›. Also a parish at this place.

7460_llan-y-tair-mair_090330


(delwedd 7460)


9
Ffynnon Fair (“the) well (of) Mair”, the Virgin Mary’s well)
Name of a well at a medieval shrine in Pen-rhys (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

NOTE: final syllable ai > e over most of Wales
Hence
Llanfair > “Llanfer”
Wigfair > Wigfer > Wicwer (SJ0271) (locality by Dinbych, North Wales)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Mair < Meir < British < Latin Maria < Greek Miriam (= wished-for young girl, or rebellious girl)

:_______________________________.

Mairwen ‹MEIR wen› (feminine noun)
1
form of Meirwen

:_______________________________.

maith ‹MAITH› (adjective)
1
long

:_______________________________.

majorét, majoréts ‹ma jo RET, ma jo RETS› (feminine noun)
1
majorette - one of a marching band of young girls who play the kazoo to provide a musical accompaniment

:_______________________________.

*mal mal
1
element found in cymal (= joint, articulation; clause) and tryfal (= triangle)

:_______________________________.

mâl maal
masculine noun
1 act of milling

2 Y cinta i'r felin bia'r mâl (county of Penfro)
first come, first served (“the first to the mill owns / gets the milling”)

3 (feminine noun) mill
y fâl the mill

4 ffrwd fâl millstream, millrace
(ffrwd = fast-flowing stream; ffrwd is a feminine noun) + soft mutation + (mâl = mill)
Ffrwd-fâl mansion in the parish of Cynwyl Gaeo (county of Caerfyrddin)

ETYMOLOGY: stem of the verb malu (= to grind)

:_______________________________.

Maldwyn ‹MALD-win› (m)
1
man’s name, from Maldwyn (f), a short name for Sir Drefaldwyn = Montgomeryshire

Maldwyn
was understood as the name in Trefaldwyn (tre = town) + soft mutation + (Maldwyn), though in fact it is (tre = town) + soft mutation + (Baldwyn). Initial m and b, both soft-mutate to v, and somtimes there is confusion in certain words about which is the radical form of a word – with m or b?

It is named after Baldwin de Bollers who took possession of the castle here and built a new castell (Castell Baldwin) on top of a mound known today as Hen Domen (“old castle-mound”)

7227_sir_drefaldwyn_wiki_081204
(delwedd 7227)


Maldwyn as a given name probably began in the 1800s in bardic names or pseudonyms for poets from the old county of Montgomery (now the northern part of the county of Powys) , later becoming a middle name, and then a forename.

7228_trefaldwyn_081204
(delwedd 7228)

:_______________________________.

maleisus ‹ma LEI sis› (adjective)
1
malicious
difrod maleisus
malicious damage
bwriad maleisus malicious intent

cyhuddiad maleisus malicious accusation
:_______________________________.

Malen ‹MA len› (feminine noun)
1
woman's name = Mari (Mary)

:_______________________________.

Mali ‹MA li› (feminine noun)
1
woman's name = Mari (Mary)

:_______________________________.

Malláen ‹ma LHAIN› (feminine noun)
1
History (cwmwd = “neighbourhood”) kumud of the kantrev of Ystrad Tywi (south-west)

:_______________________________.

Mallt ‹MALHT› (feminine noun)
1
woman's name (= Martha)

:_______________________________.

Malltraeth ‹MALH treth› (feminine noun)
1
History (cwmwd = “neighbourhood”) (North-west Wales) kumud of the kantrev of Aberffraw (north-west)

:_______________________________.

malp malp masculine noun
PLURAL: malpau, malps mal–pe, malps
(South Wales)

1 affectation, putting it on, false expression of emotion

gwneud malpau make a pretence, put it on

Gad dy falpe! Stop pretending, Stop putting it on

Yr wyf yn penderfynu hoffi fy ngwaith,” meddai, ac ymgymodi âg ef. Mae hynny yn fwy dynol na gwneyd malpai uwch ei ben.” Hunan-Gymorth / Samuel Smiles / Cyfiethieidig gan J. Gwrhyd Lewis, Tonyrefail. 1898. t.49
I have decided to like my work, he said, and reconcile myself to it. That is more manly than to make out I’m above it / pretend I’m too good for it

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

malu ‹MA li› (verb)
1
to crush, grind

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
Indo-European mel(h) (= to crush, to grind) (also the origin of English meal (= flour; food), and via Latin, the English words (1) to maul, (2) molar (tooth) and (3) mallet.

Malu is related to the words melin (= mill) (a word of Latin origin), and blawd (= flour) (a word of Celtic origin)

:_______________________________.

malwan mal -wen› feminine noun
PLURAL: malwod mal-wod›
1
(North-west Wales) gastropod; snail or slug; see malwoden

y falwan = the snail, the slug

2 segment of an orange

ETYMOLOGY: north-western form of malwen (qv); in colloquial Welsh

7396_seren_seran_090218
:_______________________________.

malwen mal -wen› feminine noun
PLURAL: malwod mal-wod›
1
(North-east Wales) gastropod; snail or slug; see malwoden
y falwen = the snail, the slug

:_______________________________.

malwoden ‹mal-woo-den› feminine noun
PLURAL: malwod mal-wod›
1
gastropod; snail or slug
y falwen the gastropod; the snail; the slug

Usually the two are not distinguished (other examples of creatures not distinguished colloquially: llyffant frog or toad,

madfall lizard or newt

But in less colloquial language, in general malwen / malwoden is applied to snails, and gwlithen (plural gwlithod) is used for a slug (“dew creature”, from gwlith = dew, to which is added the suffix –en)

(1) malwen gragen plural malwod cregyn snail (“gastropod (of) shell”, gastropod with a shell) (Bangor district: malwan grogan)
(2) North-west Wales malwen noethlymun = slug (“naked gastropod”)
(3) south Ceredigion malwaden â chragen / â cragen = snail (“gastropod with a shell”)

2
(Bible) malwoden dawdd (plural malwod tawdd) “a snail which melteth”
Salmau 58:8 (y rhai annuwiol) Aed ymaith fel malwen dawdd, neu erthyl gwraig; fel na welont yr haul
Psalm 58:8 (the wicked) As a snail which melteth, let every one of them pass away: like the untimely birth of a woman, that they may not see the sun

(malwen + soft mutation + tawdd melted, root and past participle of toddi = to melt)
Siad to refer to a popular belief thet the slimy trail of a snail results from its body dissolving

3
cragen falwen plural cregyn malwod snail shell

gwlith-falwen plural gwlith-falwod slug (“dew-
gastropod”, “gastropod of the dew”)

llys malwen slime of a
gastropod, of a slug or snail

malwen ddu plural malwod duon slug (“black
gastropod”)

malwen droellog / malwoden troellog,, plural malwod troellog Helix pygmaea whorl snail (“winding
gastropod”)

malwen fôr, plural malwod môr sea-snail (“
gastropod (of) sea”, marine gastropod)

malwen Rufeinig / malwoden Rufeinig, plural malwod Rhufeinig Helix pomata Roman snail (“Roman
gastropod”)

malwen y bresych Agriolimax agrestis field slug (“
gastropod (of) the cabbages”)

malwen y rhosod slugworm (“
gastropod of the moors”)

malwen yr ardd Arion hortensis field slug, garden slug (“
gastropod (of) the garden”)

malwoden fôr, plural malwod môr sea-snail

malwoden y rhosod slugworm

malwota gather snails

môr-falwen fioled, plural môr-falwod fioled Janthina janthina violet sea-snail

môr-falwen, plural môr-falwod sea-snail (“sea-
gastropod”)

môr-falwoden, plural môr-falwod sea-snail (“sea-
gastropod”)

pelen falwod plural pelenni malwod slug pellet

4
in comparisons to indicate slowness
..a/ mor araf â malwoden as slow as a snail
..b/ mor ddeir â malwoden (South Wales)
(deir southern form of dyhir = slow, tedious) as slow as a snail

..c/ mor ddigyffro â malwoden as sluggish as a snail
..d/ run fath â malwan mewn tar (Bangor district) (move, go, etc) “like a snail in tar”
..e/ symud fel malwen go at a snail’s pace, move sluggishly

5
cysgu yn llety'r falwen sleep rough, sleep at the base of a hedgebank (“sleep in the lodging-house of the snail”)

6
snail (= slow person, slow thing)
Twm Falwen epithet (Twm y falwen – Tom the snail)
(Example from Llafar Gwlad, number 73, Haf (summer) 2001 an article by Bobi Owen on nicknames in Dinbych (‘Denbigh’ in English): “Pwy gaech chi yn... arafach ei gerddediad na Twm Falwen” – who would you find slower in gait than Tom the Snail)

7
slug = metal piece fired from gun

8
lump on the blade of a scythe

9
district of Arfon (county of Gwynedd) malwan = segment of an orange

10
the symbol @, the commercial ‘a’ symbol, the ‘at’ symbol; used in e-mail addresses
dafyddapgwilym@hotmail.com “Dafydd ap Gwilym malwoden ‘hotmail’ dot com”

ETYM
OLOGY: Welsh < British
From the same British root:

Cornish melhwessenn (= snail); from this,

Melejann (Melledgan) – name of a rock in the Scilly Isles;
(2) “melwidgeon” (= snail) in the English dialect of Cornwall;

Breton melc’hwedenn and melc’hwenn (= snail)

NOTE: The word has various forms in different parts of Wales.
(1) In the North malwen.

(2) In the South the standard form is malwoden. This singular form is based on the plural malwod with the addition of the singulative suffix -en.
Cf pysgodyn (= fish), llygoden (= mouse), both singulatives based on a plural noun

Variants are
(a) South-west Wales: malweden (in the county of Caerfyrddin: malhweden, with aspirated ‘w’, which resembles the Cornish and Breton forms)
(b) Ceredigion: malwaden
(c) Brycheiniog: molwoden
(d) South-east Wales: molwetan < molwedan

7397_malwen_malwoden_090218

(delwedd 7397)
:_______________________________.

malwr cnau, malwyr cnau ‹ma lur KNAI, mal wir KNAI› (masculine noun)
1
nuthatch (bird)

:_______________________________.

mam, mamau ‹MAM, MA me› (feminine noun)
1
mother
y fam = the mother

bod ynghlwm wrth linyn ffedog ei fam be tied to his mother’s apron strings

mam fedydd, mamau bedydd godmother
tad a mam bedydd godfather and godmother, godparents (no soft mutation, as it does not refer solely to the mother)

mam fenthyg surrogate mother

mam cw^n bach (“mother of puppies” a mother who is fiercely protective of her child or children

mam y cnafon (“[the] mother of [the] puppies” (North) a mother who is fiercely protective of her child or children; woman who is tenacious in pursuit of something

fel mam y cnafon am arian (“like [the] mother of [the] puppies for money”) (North) woman who is keen to get money

y fam ddaear mother Earth

ein mam ni oll mother Earth (“our mother of all of us”, the mother of every one of us)

2 Mam Duw the Virgin Mary; the mother of God, i.e. the mother of the Son of God (from the Greek title referring to Mary - Theotokos = bearer of God, one who gives birth to God)

Mam Iesu the Virgin Mary; the mother of Jesus Christ

As mam (= mam Duw) in some intejections:

mam fach! by the dear Virgin Mary! (“little mother [of God]”)

Also: mam bach! (Northern – no soft mutation of the initial b of the word bach after a feminine nun, a typical northern feature)

Mam wen! by the holy Virgin Mary! (“white / holy mother [of God]”)

Mam annwyl! by the dear Virgin Mary! by the belovèd Virgin Mary,! (“dear mother [of God]”)

3 (obsolete, except north-west Wales) womb, uterus

gadael ei fam (seed) emerge from the seed follicle (“leave its womb / mother”)

gadael y fam (seed) emerge from the seed follicle (“leave the womb / mother”)

4 origin, source, course

mam y drwg the cause of the trouble

mam y gynnen the cause of the dispute

5 In British and Old Welsh, this probably had the meaning too of ‘breast’ as in Latin mamma (= mother, breast), and was applied to breast-shaped hills (as bron in modern Welsh – woman’s breast; breast-shaped hill). Hence the hill name Moel Famau (qv) and the element mam- in the place name Manchester (in Latin Mamucium, which would have been British *Mamukion, referring to the sandstone hill on which the Roman fort was built: mam- + suffix –uk + suffix –ion)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic < Indo-European mâmmâ, a redeuplicated form of (= mother)

Cornish: mamm (= mother), Breton: mamm (= mother)

:_______________________________.

mama ‹MA ma› (feminine noun)
1
mummy

:_______________________________.

mamaeth ma -meth› feminine noun
PLURAL: mamaethiaid, mamaethod ‹ma- meith -yed, ma- mei -thod›
1
wet-nurse, nurse (usually in modern Welsh: llaethfam)
y famaeth = the wet-nurse

In Llandrillo yn Edeirnion, Gwynedd, there is a house called Tyddynyfamaeth (‘cottage / smallholding of the wet-nurse’)

2
foster-mother (also: mam faeth)

3
mother (i.e. woman who suckles / has suckled her child) (usually: mam)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh mamaeth < mamfaeth (mam = mother) + soft mutation + (maeth = feeding, nutrition) < British
From the same British root: Cornish mammeth (= wet nurse)

:_______________________________.

mam-gu, mam-guod ‹mam GII, mam GI od› (feminine noun)
1
grandmother (South)
y fam-gu = the grandmother

An affectionate form is gua (= gran, granny)

2 hen fam-gu great-grandmother

hen hen fam-gu great-great-grandmother

:_______________________________.

mami ‹MA mi› (feminine noun)
1
mummy

:_______________________________.

mamiaith mam-yaith› feminine noun
PLURAL mamieithoedd ‹mam- yei-thodh›
1
native language, first language, mother tongue
y famiaith = the mother tongue

ETYMOLOGY: ‘mother language’ (mam = mother) + (iaith = language)

:_______________________________.

mamog, mamogiaid ‹MA mog, ma MOG yed› (feminine noun)
1
ewe
y famog = the ewe

:_______________________________.

mamolrwydd ‹ma MOL ruidh› (masculine noun)
1
maternity

 

:_______________________________.

mamplis ‹MAM-plis› (masculine noun)
1
mantlepiece

 

The Treatment of English Borrowed Words in Colloquial Welsh / Thomas Powel / Y Cymmrodor Vol. VI 1883. / p133 
 
The following paper is an attempt to give a general account 
of the use and treatment of English words in the colloquial 
Welsh of the present day. Most of the statements here made 
are applicable to the whole of Welsh-speaking Wales; but 
the paper treats more particularly of the dialect spoken, with 
slight variations, in the Counties of Brecon, Caermarthen, 
and the greater part of Cardigan. 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In borrowed English words, if more than two consonants 
come together, an effort is made to get rid of one of them. 
Thus: 
 
...we find "turnpike" metamorphosed into tyrpeg; 
“point-thread" into pwyntred, and pwyntred-yn; and by the 
help of metathesis, "mantel-piece" is worn down into mamplis. 



:_______________________________.

mamwlad mam -wlad› feminine noun
PLURAL: mamwledydd ‹mam- wlee -didh›
1
mother country, home country, homeland = (for a person living in an adopted country) one's country of origin
y famwlad = the mother country

ETYMOLOGY: ‘mother country’ (mam = mother) + soft mutation + (gwlad = country)

:_______________________________.

mam-yng-nghyfraith, mamau-... ‹mam ə NGHƏ vreth, MA me...› (feminine noun)
1
mother-in-law
y fam-yng-nghyfraith = the mother-in-law

:_______________________________.

man, mannau ‹MAN, MA ne› (feminine or masculine noun)
1
place
y fan / y man = the place

2
man geni
‹man GE ni› place of birth
man gorffwys a place of rest, a resting place

3 unman same place (cf unman = any place)
troedio yn eich unfan = mark time (“tread in your same place”)

4
ymhobman
‹ə MHOB man› (adverb) everywhere

5
yn y fan yna in that place
’Adawa i mohoni yn y fan yna I shall not let it rest at that

6
culfan narrow street
Culfan name of a street in Rhosllannerchrugog (county of Wrecsam)

7
cylchfan (USA: traffic circle) (Englandic: roundabout) = central island at a road junction around which traffic circulates in one direction; junction with such an island
(cylch- ‹ə›, penult form of cylch ‹i› = circle) + soft mutation + ( man = place)

8
Heulfan (House name or street name) sunny place
(heul, tonic syllable form of haul) + soft mutation + (man = place)
(There is also an incorrect form Haulfan)

9
gwynfan fair place; paradise
(gwynn-, penult syllable form of gwyn = white, fair) + soft mutation + (man = place)

Gwynfan Street name
..a/ Rhosllannerchrugog, county of Wrecsam
..b/ Nant-y-caws, county of Caerfyrddin
..c/ “Gwynfan Place”, Merthyrtudful (the Welsh name for this street would be simply “Gwynfan” as in the two examples above)

10
Heddfan (house name) “peaceful spot”
(hedd = peace) + soft mutation + (man = place)


:_______________________________.

ma’n maan
1 southern form of maen (= stone)
Usually spelt (less correctly) mân
See aa / maan

:_______________________________.

mân ‹MAAN› (adjective)
It often precedes a noun.

1
small; fine; insignificant
mân bechod venial sin
glaw mân (qv) <glau MAAN> [glaʊ ˡmɑːn] drizzle (“fine rain”)
cerrig mân (qv) small stones

2 plant mân young children
adar mân little birds

3 yr oriau mân the small hours; = the early hours after midnight
yn yr oriau mân in the small hours
yn oriau mân y bore in the early hours of the morning, in the small hours

4
in some phrases, placed before the noun it qualifies:
mân glapiau small lumps (of coal, etc)
mân broblemau minor problems
mân us
fine chaff

:_______________________________.

Manaw ‹MA nau› (feminine noun) ‹Ə-nis MAA-nau›
1
Isle of Mann. Also - Ynys Manaw

:_______________________________.

Manaweg ‹ma-NAU-eg› (feminine noun, adjective)
1
Manx (language)
y Fanaweg = the Manx language

:_______________________________.

Manawydan ‹ma-na-UI-dan› (masculine noun)
1
the third of the tales of the Mabinogi

:_______________________________.

Manceiniad ‹man-kein-yad› masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL: Manceiniaid ‹man-kein-yed›
1
Mancunian, inhabitant of Manchester
y Manceiniad / y Fanceiniad = the Mancunian

ETYMOLOGY: (Mancein- < Manceinion = Manchester) + (-iad, suffix to indicate ‘inhabitant’)

:_______________________________.

Manceinion ‹man-kein-yon› -
1
Manchester = city in northern England Manchester
ger Manceinion near Manchester
i Fanceinion to Manchester
o Fanceinion from Manchester
ym Manceinion in Manchester

The name in modern Latin is “Mancunium” (hence in English “Mancunian”, inhabitant of Manchester) (“Mancunium” however is an erroneous form, and in the Roman period the name was Mamucium)

2
Tŷ Manceinion Manchester House. In names of emporia (retail stores selling a wide range of goods) in certain Welsh towns the 1800s, where the goods came from Manchester. (Usually the name of the store was in English and it indicated the provenance of the merchandise). The Welsh forms are:

cf. Tŷ Llundain London House (city in south-east England), Tŷ Lerpwl Liverpool House (city in north-west England). Alos Ty^ Birmingham, Birmingham House

ETYMOLOGY: The Welsh name seems to be an adaptation of the Latin form Mancunium

:_______________________________.

mân-ddanheddog ‹maan- dha- nhee -dhog› adj
1
fine-toothed
helygen fân-ddanheddog (helyg mân-ddanheddog)
(Salix breviserrata) finely-toothed willow


ETYMOLOGY: (mân = small, fine) + soft mutation + ( danheddog = toothed)

:_______________________________.

maned ma -ned› adjective
1
comparative equative of mân = small, unimportant
2
mor faned â mes as small / insignificant as acorns

ETYMOLOGY: (mân = small) + (-ed equative suffix)

:_______________________________.

maneg, menyg ‹MaA-neg, MEE-nig› (feminine noun)
1
glove
maneg baffio
boxing glove
maneg focsio boxing glove

2
ffitio fel maneg fit like a glove

3 Gwlad y Menyg Gwynion (“The Land of the White Gloves”) nickname for Wales, still in use - a name applied in century 1800 alluding to the comparatively low rate of crime in Wales. It was the custom to present the visiting assize judge with a white pair of gloves when there were no cases for trial.
(gwlad = country) + (menyg, plural of maneg = glove) + (gwynion, plural of gwyn = white)

:_______________________________.

manesol ‹ma- ne -sol› adjective
(North Wales)
1
well-mannered, polite

ETYMOLOGY: manesol < *manersol (maners < English (good) manners) + (-ol = suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

mân-flewog ‹maan- vleu -og› adj
1
fluffy

2
downy
helygen fân-flewog PLURAL: helyg mân-flewog
(Salix lapponum) downy willow or Lapland willow
See: helygen wlanog hirddail


ETYMOLOGY: (mân = small, fine) + soft mutation + ( blewog = hairy)

:_______________________________.

mangoed man -goid› masculine noun
South-east Wales
1
undergrowth; shrubs
2
Y Mangoed street name, Hirwaun (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

ETYMOLOGY: (mân = small, little) + soft mutation + (coed = trees, wood)

:_______________________________.

mangre man -gre› feminine noun
PLURAL: mangreoedd ‹man-gree-odh›
1
place

Genesis 19.12 A’r gwyr a ddywedasant wrth Lot, A oes gennyt ti yma neb eto? mab yng nghyfraith, a’th feibion, a’th ferched, a’r hyn oll sydd i ti yn y ddinas, a ddygi di allan o’r fangre hon
Genesis 19:12 And the men said unto Lot, Hast thou here any besides? son in law, and thy sons, and thy daughters, and whatsoever thou hast in the city, bring them out of this place

Aeth at hen fangre ei rhieni He went to his parents’ old home
yn y fangre hon in this place

mangre baradwysaidd a paradise (“a paradise-like place”)

Y pryd hwnnw, yr oedd gweithdy'r cryddion yn fangre baradwysaidd
In those days the shoemakers’ workshop was a paradise

ETYMOLOGY: “place (of) horses” (man = place) + (gre = troop of horses / herd of horses)
:_______________________________.

Man-moel man -moil
1
village in Caerffili

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/637118
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: ?? (moel = bare, barren)

NOTE: The local pronunciation would be Man-mool / Man-mo’l [man-mo:l]

:_______________________________.

ma'n nw ‹maan nu› (= maen nhw) (verb)
1
they are (South Wales)

:_______________________________.

man pasio, mannau pasio ‹man PAS yo, ma ne PAS yo› (masculine noun)
1
passing place (place on a narrow road where the road broadens to allow a car to pull to one side to let another pass)
:_______________________________.

mansh MANSH
1
(dialect) mange

 
The Treatment of English Borrowed Words in Colloquial Welsh / Thomas Powel / Y Cymmrodor Vol. VI 1883. / p132
 
The following paper is an attempt to give a general account 
of the use and treatment of English words in the colloquial 
Welsh of the present day. Most of the statements here made 
are applicable to the whole of Welsh-speaking Wales; but 
the paper treats more particularly of the dialect spoken, with 
slight variations, in the Counties of Brecon, Caermarthen, 
and the greater part of Cardigan. 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b.) G fìnal after n becomes sh: mansh (mange), plwnsh 
(plunge), ffrensh, (fringe, fr. M.E. ' frange'), spwnsh (O.E. 
spunge); challenge becomes shalens, by dissimilation. 


:_______________________________.

mantach man -takh› adjective
1
having missing teeth, toothless; gap-toothed

2
(obsolete) (masculine noun) toothless jaw

3
medieval epithet (as an adjective in the radical form, or with soft mutation
Also as a noun Y Mantach = the toothless man, the man who has lost some teeth, the gap-toothed man

Maredudd ap Cadwgan Mantach = Maredudd (the) son (of) Cadwgan with no teeth / Cadwgan with missing teeth / gap-toothed Cadwgan

Ieuan ab Einion Fantach = Ieuan (the) son (of) Einion with no teeth... (etc)

Bleddyn ab y Mantach = Bleddyn (the) son (of) the (man) with no teeth... (etc)
(Welsh Surnames, T J Morgan / Prys Morgan, 1985)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < Irish mantach (= gap-toothed, toothless)

:_______________________________.

mantais, manteision ‹MAN-tes, man-TEIS-yon› (feminine noun)
1
advantage
y fantais the advantage
priodas fantais marriage of convenience

2 Mae hi ar ei mantais She’s sitting pretty, She’s in an advantageous position

3 leverage = lifting up with a lever, prising off with a lever
rhoi montesh i (rywbeth) lever (something) up / off

4 priodas fantais marriage of convenience = marriage for some advantage rather than out of love - for example, to make it possible for a foreigner to continue residing in a state through marrying a citizen of that state

5 (North Wales) gwneud mantais (i wneud rhywbeth) make it easier to (do something)

gwneud mantais i dorri’r garreg ’ma make it easier to cut this stone

6 (Y Fflint) down gradient

rhedeg efo'r mantais go down the slope

7 opportunity

cael pob mantais i have many opportunities to (“have every opportunity to”)

Mewn ffermdy bychan yn y gymydogaeth, o’r enw Aberlan, preswyliai teulu hynod o barchus, ac un ferch o’r enw Nancy, yr hon oedd yn awr yn agos a bod yn ddeugain oed, ychydig yn ieuengach na William. Yr oedd y teulu hwn yn perthyn i’r eglwys lle yr oedd ein gwron erbyn hyn yn ddiacon. Cydrhwng hyny, a’r ymdrafodaeth sydd rhwng amaethwyr a’u gilydd yn yr un gymydogaeth, yr oedd wedi cael pob mantais i adnabod Nancy, a hithau, o’r tu arall, i’w adnabod yntau.

William Tomos Benja - Cymeriad Hynod a Adwaenawn / Gan J. James, Tylorstown / t.16

In a small farmhouse in the neighbourhood, called Aber-lan, there dwelt a very respectable family, with a daughter called Nancy, who was now nearly forty years old, slightly younger than William. This family belonged to the church, where our hero was now a deacon. With this, and the contact that farmers have with each other in the same neighbourhood, he had had every opportunity to get to know Nancy, and she, likewise, to get to know him.Cydrhwng hyny, a’r ymdrafodaeth sydd rhwng amaethwyr a’u gilydd yn yr un gymydogaeth, yr oedd we

8 achub mantes ar (1) make a good thing of, make the most of = derive advantage from; (2) take advantage of = take unfair advantage of, use

Y mae ym mhob pentref bobl barotach eu cymwynas na’i gilydd. A’r duedd gan lawer yw achub mantais ar y bobl hynny, gan 'yrru ar y ci a redo'...

In every village there are people more prepared to help than others. And the tendency by many is to take advantage of them, (that is), to exploit their willingness to help (“to send the dog that runs”, to use the willing dog)


9 cymryd mantais ar take advantage of = take unfair advantage of, use

10 anfantais detriment, disadvantage (an- = negative prefix ) + soft mutation + (mantais)

er afantais ito the detriment of

11
bod gennych fantais fawr ar have one big advantage over

Mae gynnon ni un fantais fawr ar y Saeson yn y wlad hon. Ryn ni’n mynd ati i ddysgu iaith y brodorion

We’ve got one big advantage over the English in this country. We set to it to learn the language of its inhabitants.

12 cael mantais i be enabled to

13 o fantais fawr of great advantage, very advantageous

14 tocyn mantais concessionary ticket

15 bara mantais (county of Trefaldwyn / Montgomery) part of the loaf which has risen above the top of the baking tin (Minwel Tibbot)

NOTE: In the English dialect of Llanidloes bara mantes::
BARA-MANTESS. hot bread, fresh from the oven. (Parochial Account of Llanidloes / Edward Hamer / Chapter X / Folk-lore. Page 290 Collections Historical and Archeological Relating to Montgomeryshire and its Borders / 1877)

ETYMOLOGY: From English vantage, a clipped form of avantage (reformed in modern English as advantage, in imitation of other words beginning with ad-) < Old French avantage, based on avant (= before) < Latin abante (= before) (ab- + ante)

NOTE: In South Wales as mantish, montish; fantish; montes; mantij, montij.

:_______________________________.

manteisio ‹man-TEIS-yo› (verb)
1
manteisio ar take advantage of, use, make good use of, put (something) to good us (by doing something)


Manteisiodd ar wyliau hir yr haf i ysgrifennu nofel He used the long summer holiday to wrtire a novel

 

2 manteisio i’r eithaf ar (rywbeth) = make the most of (“take advantage to-the-furthest on something”)

:_______________________________.

mantol man -tol› feminine noun
PLURAL mantolion ‹man-tol-yon›
1
literary balance, pair of scales (usually clorian, or in the South tafol)

2
troi'r fantol tip the balance, tip the scales; influence decisively

Y mae digon o Gymry yn Youngstown i droi y fantol etholiadol bryd y mynont
There are enough Welsh people in Youngstown to tip the balnce in elections (“to tip the electoral balance”) any time they so wish (13-02-1896 Y Drych)

unioni’r fantol restore the balance


3
dal y fantol maintain a balance

4
swingletree (crossbar in a horse's harness)

5
balance = difference in value
mantol fasnach balance of trade, difference in value between imports and exports


mantol daliadau balance of payments, difference in value between payments made by a state to foreign states (payments for imports, transfers of capital abroad, payments of interest, payments of grants, etc) and payments of this type received from foreign states


mantol anweledig invisible balance, difference in value between total exports and imports of services

6
bod â'r fantol yn eich erbyn have the odds against you, have the scales weighted against you, be in a disadvantageous position (“have the scale against you”)

7
bod yn y fantol be at stake, be in the balance, hang in the balance; be in an uncertain situation, be in an indecided state

popeth yn y fantol wrth i glwy'r traed a'r genau ledu
everything in the balance as foot and mouth disease spreads

8
y Fantol Libra, constellation between Virgo and Scorpius

9
Astrology y Fantol = Libra, seventh sign of the Zodiac; the sun is in this sign Sept 23 - Oct 22

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
There is no corrresponding word in modern Breton, but Old Breton had “montol” (= balance)

:_______________________________.

manwl ma -nul› adjective
1
detailed, precise thoroughgoing, very thorough
cyfarwyddydau manwl detailed instructions

2
edrych yn fwy fanwl look more closely

3
golwg fanylach a closer look

4
strict, particular

5
(South Wales) beautiful, perfectly formed

Dacw'r feinwen hoenus fanwl, Beth wyf well heb gael ei meddwl
Over there is the beautiful lively maiden, how does it benefit me not to have her mindful of me (“what am I better without her mind”)


From the folk song Dacw nghariad i lawr yn y berllan (Over there down in the orchard is my sweetheart)

6
manwl gywir precise
bod yn fanwl to be precise
a bod yn fanwl to be precise (phrase to introduce more detailed information about a matter)

7
yn fanwl (adverb) carefully
gwybod yn fanwl beth yw... to know precisely what....

ETYMOLOGY: possibly a variant of manol (= exact, careful), earlier Welsh as manawl

:_______________________________.

map map masculine noun
PLURAL mapiau map -ye›

1
map = two-dimensional representation of the earth's surface; shows areas of land and of water (rivers, seas, etc); hills and mountains; settlements (villages, towns, cities), and political and administrative boundaries
map o’r byd a map of the world
map o Gymru a map of Wales

2
map = plan of the solar system showing the positions planets and stars
map amlinell outline map
map bras sketch map, rough map, simplified map
map cyfuchlin contour map
map cau tir enclosure map
map defnydd tir land utilisation map
map degwm tithe map
map ordnans ordnance survey map
map stad / map ystâd estate map
map tirwedd relief map
llinfap sketch map (llin = line) + soft mutation + ( map = map)

3
map = plan of a zone giving special informnation – weather conditions, geology, dialects, etc
map tywydd weather chart, weather map

4
map = plan showing the frontiers and territories of states in relation to each other

5
map = something similar to a map

6
town plan, town map
map o’r dre town plan, town map

7
rhoi (lle) ar y map, to put (a place) on the map; = make (a place) well-known

Beth allwn ni wneud i roi Llangurig ar y map? What can we do to put Llangurig on the map?

rhoi ar y map, put on the map = make (a place) well-known

ETYMOLOGY: English map < Latin mappa < mappa mundî (= map of the world) < mappa (= cloth; painted cloth) < Punic

:_______________________________.

 

mapgoll MAP-golh (f)

1 (wikipedia): Geum urbanum, wood avens [A-vinz], also known as herb Bennet, colewort and St. Benedict's herb (Latin herba benedicta), is a perennial plant in the rose family (Rosaceae), which grows in shady places (such as woodland edges and near hedgerows) in Europe and the Middle East. From Middle English 1200+ avence < Old French < Medieval Latin avencia (= a kind of clover)

 

Wood avens has a ligneous stem which is very tough, and deepish roots

 

In Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg / Vale of Glamorgan) there is a modern street with the unusual name of Trem-mapcoll (spelt as Trem Mapcoll) which ought to be ‘Tremyfapcoll’ - trem y fapcoll ‘(the) view (of) the wood avens’ (trem = view) + (y = the) + soft mutation + (mapcoll = wood avens)

 

However, if the name was taken from the William Owen-Pughe dictionary (1803) the meaning given there is ‘poppy’.

 

7016_geum_urbanum_mapgoll_120925

(delwedd 7016)


ETYMOLOGY: mapgoll = ‘small sprig’ (mab = son; as a prefix sometimes to form a diminutive) + soft mutation + (goll = hazel trees; young tree, sapling; twig, sprig) > mabgoll > mapgoll (a cluster with final -b and initial g, soft mutation of c, is resolved into the cluster -pg-).

 

Cf the (now probably obsolete) words mapgainc (= twig, shoot; cainc = branch), mapgarn (= inner part of a hoof; carn = hoof), mapgath (= young cat; tomcat; cath = cat), mapgorn (inner part of a cow’s etc horn; corn = horn).

 

 

:_______________________________.

maplath ma -plath›
1
(South-east Wales) lizard. See mabddall

:_______________________________.

marc, marciau ‹MARK, MARK ye› (masculine noun)
1
mark, indication, sign

:_______________________________.

marc post ‹mark post› masculine noun
PLURAL: marciau post ‹mark-ye post›
1
postmark, an inked cancellation on a stamp indicating the date, time and place it was cancelled

Mewn llythyr a ddyddiwyd ar Orffennaf 25 - er bod y marc post yn dangos Gorffennaf 29...
In a letter dated July 29 - although the postmark is (“shows”) July 29

ETYMOLOGY: (marc = mark) + (post = post); a translation of English 'postmark'

:_______________________________.

march, meirch (1) ‹MARKH, MEIRKH› (masculine noun)
1
horse, stallion

2
sefyll allan fel llaid ar farch gwyn stick out like a sore thumb = be very obvious
“stand out like mud on a white horse” (sefyll allan = stand out) + (fel = like) + (llaid = mud) + (ar = on) + soft mutation + (march gwyn = white horse)

3
in river names
..1/ Afon Camarch (SN9521) = river in the district of Brycheiniog, county of Powys


Camarch < Camfarch (“(the) winding (river / stream called) March”)
(cam = winding) + soft mutation + (March = stream name, literally “horse”)


There is a village on this river Llangamarch (SN9347) (“the) church (by the river) Camarch”)

4 (Aesculus hippocastanum) marchgastan horse chestnut (fruit)
(march = horse) + soft mutation + (castan = chestnut)

The Welsh name is a translation of English horse chestnut, itself a translation of Latin castanea equîna

Also: castan y meirch horse chestnut (fruit)
(castan = chestnut) + (y definite article) + (meirch = horses, plural of march = horse)

5 Naid-y-march <naid ə MARKH> [naɪd ə ˡmarx]
A hamlet SJ1675 and farm SJ1675 in the county of Sir y Fflint.

“(the) leap (of) the horse”
(naid = leap) + (y definite article) + (march = horse)


The English name is “Horse’s Leap”.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=337878 map

:_______________________________.

march- (2) intensifying prefix

1
(+ noun) big, large
marchlyffant bullfrog (llyffant = toad, frog)
marchredynen polypody fern (rhedynen = fern)
marchwellt tall coarse grass (gwellt = grass)
marchwialen (obsolete) sapling (gwialen = rod, switch)

2
(+ adjective) very (in place names such as the name of varipus hills in Wales called Y Farteg)
teg (= fair, beautiful), marchdeg (qv) (= very beautiful) > marchteg > mar’teg / marteg (the ch devoices the following d to t, as if no soft mutation has occured; and the consonant ‘ch’ is subsequently lost.)

ETYMOLOGY: special use of the word march (= horse) to indicate great size. The ‘Online Etymological Dictionary (of English)’ notes a similar practice in byegone English - horse is 'large / strong'. Hence obsolete horse mushroom, horse balm, horse parsley, horse mussel, horse emmet (a large type of ant), horse marten ( a large type of bee). Old English had horsminte (= horse mint). A surviving term in modern English is horse radish (Cochlearia armoricia)

:_______________________________.

marchdeg markh-deg adj

1 very beautiful; occurs only in place names
See Y Farteg, Penmarteg, Pont Marteg

ETYMOLOGY: (march = horse; used as an intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (teg) > marchdeg

In the name Y Farteg, we can suppose a sequence such as

marchdeg > marchteg > mar’teg > Y Farteg

NOTE:
..1/ There is soft mutation t > d after words ending in ch
Mochdre (the trêv of the pigs) (moch = pigs) + soft mutation + (tre = trêv, farmstead)
gwychdeg (a literary word – splendid and fair; magnificent) (gwych = fine) + soft mutation + (teg = fair)

Either there was a devoicing of d > t after ch – a somewhat unusual occurrence, and then a loss of ch – again, such a loss is unusual.

Y Farteg
is in fact an adjective used as a noun.

The fact that the noun is feminine is perhaps unusual, as it is a hill name, though there are some hill words feminine in gender – bron (= round hill, woman’s breast), copa (= summit, hilltop) (though this can also be a masculine noun).

There is also the case of an adjective being used as a feminine noun in the sense of a hill – moel (= bald), moel / y foel (= bare hill; the bare hill)

:_______________________________.

marchgastan ‹markh- ga -stan› masculine noun
PLURAL marchgastanau ‹markh-ga- staa -ne›
1
horse chestnut

ETYMOLOGY: (march = horse) + soft mutation + (castan = chestnut)
A translation of English horse chestnut, itself a translation of Latin castanea equîna (“equine chestnut, horse chestnut”)

:_______________________________.

marchgastanwydden ‹markh-ga-stan--dhen› feminine noun
PLURAL marchgastanwydd ‹markh-ga-stan-widh›
1
horse chestnut tree
y farchgastanwydden the horse chestnut tree

ETYMOLOGY: (marchgastan = horse chestnut) + soft mutation + (gwydden = tree)

:_______________________________.

marchlyffant ‹markh- -fant› masculine noun
PLURAL llyffantod, llyffaint ‹markh- lə- fan-tod, markh --faint
1
bullfrog
marchlyffant Americanaidd
(Rana catesbeiana) American bullfrog

ETYMOLOGY: (march- prefix = big, large, < march = horse) + soft mutation + (llyffant = toad, frog)

:_______________________________.

Marchlyn Mawr ‹MARKH-lin MAUR› masculine noun
1 name of a pool in Llandygai, Sir Gaernarfon / Caernarfonshire SH 61587 62042

 

ETYMOLOGY: (march = horse) + soft mutation + (llyn = pool)
:_______________________________.
marchnad, marchnadoedd ‹MARKH nad, markh NA dodh› (feminine noun)
1
market
y farchnad the market

2 archfarchnad supermarket
(arch- prefix = chief, main, principal) + soft mutation + (marchnad = market)

:_______________________________.

marchnata ‹markh NA ta› (verb)
1
to trade

ETYMOLOGY: (marchnad = market) + (-ha, suffix for forming verbs) > *marchnád-ha > *marchnát-ha > marchnata

The h of the suffix devoices the preceding d > t and is lost

:_______________________________.

marchog ‹MAR-khog › masculine noun
PLURAL: marchogion ‹mar-KHOG-yon›

1 (obsolete) horseman, horse rider

2 knight = soldier on horseback serving a feudal leader

3 knight = nobleman who has served as a page and a squire, and is granted the
rank of knight

4 (England) man given the title of Sir by the English prime minister and monarch for services to the English state

5 (gwyddbwyll / chess) knight

6 (South-east Wales) jug, large earthernware jug; jug holding about a gallon

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh marchog (now a noun, but originally an adjective – ‘ relating to a horse’ < British < Celtic (march = horse) + (-og adjectival suffix)


From the same British root: Breton marc’heg, Cornish markhog
From the same Celtic root: Irish marchac (= horseman)

:_______________________________.

marchogaeth ‹mar KHO geth› (verb)
1
to ride a horse

:_______________________________.

marchoges ‹mar-khoo-ges › masculine noun
PLURAL: marchogesau ‹mar-kho-ge-se ›
1
horsewoman
y farchnoges the horsewoman

ETYMOLOGY: (marchog = horseman) + (-es, suffix for forming feminine nouns)

:_______________________________.

marchoglu ‹mar- khog-li › masculine noun
marchogluoedd ‹mar-khog-lii-odh›
1
cavalry

ETYMOLOGY: (marchog = knight, horseman) + soft mutation + (llu = force, army)

:_______________________________.

Marchudd markh-idh › masculine noun
1
man's name (obsolete)

ETYMOLOGY: *Marchiudd > (March’udd) > Marchudd (from the loss of the semi-consonant ‘i’). The name means “horse lord” (march = horse) + (-iudd = lord).

:_______________________________.

marchynys <
MARKH-ənis> [ˡmarxənɪs]
1
horse island
Y Farchynys SH6617 Farm east of Y Bermo
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=285728 map


ETYMOLOGY: “horse-island” marchynys < (march = horse) + (ynys = island)


Cf Scottish Gaelic Marginis “horse island” (English: Markinch) in Fìobha / Fife. The name Marginis referred originally to an island in a lake existing here in 1200.



:_______________________________.

marcio ‹MARK yo› (verb)
stem: marc-i-
1
to mark = place a mark on
Marciais y copiau yn lled ofalus I marked the copied carefully


2 mark = to correct and grade (an essay, an exercise, an exam)
marcio'r arholiadau mark the exam papers


ETYMOLOGY: (marc = mark) + (-io verbal suffix)


:_______________________________.

Mardy mar-di› [
ˡmardɪ]
1
Y Mardy [ə ˡmardɪ] south-eastern pronunciation of the place-name Y Maerdy (qv) [ə ˡməɪrdɪ], the most notable village of this name being in the at the top of the Rhondda Fach valley

2 male forename

Mardy Griffith Thomas (author of Lloffyn Olaf O Faes Hynafiaethau Capel Y Gyfylchi, Ger Pontrhydyfen, Port Talbot, 1899; “last gleaning from the field of the antiquities of Capel y Gyfylchi, near Pont-rhyd-y-fen, Port Talbot”)


:_______________________________.

Marged
1
woman's name (Margaret)
In north-west Wales as Margiad < Margad < Marged

In south-east Wales as Marcad < Margad < Marged
:_______________________________.

Margwen
1
woman's name (rare)

ETYMOLOGY: (Marg- first syllable of Marged = Margaret ) + (-wen suffix used in frmale names; soft-mutated form of gwen, feminine form of gwyn – white; holy, heavenly; pure)

:_______________________________.

Mari ‹MA ri› (feminine noun)
1
woman's name (Mary)

:_______________________________.

Mari Lwyd ‹ma ri LUID› (feminine noun)
1
(South) horse's skull decorated with ribbons carried from house to house before Epiphany (January 6); the ceremony with this skull, where the group with the skull ask to enter a house by singing verses, and the householder replies in verse that entrance is denied; later they are allowed to go in, and they are given beer, cakes or coins

See our Mari Lwyd pages at 0915e and 0976e

:_______________________________.

marl marl m
PLURAL: marliau, marlau marl –ye, mar-le›
1
marl = soil made up of clay and lime

2
fertile land

3
in place names:

..a/ Plas-marl (county of Abertawe)
From “plas y marl” (the) mansion (of) the marl

..b/ Bryn Marl (Caernarfon, Gwynedd)
From “bryn y marl” (the) hill (of) the marl

..c/ Pant-y-marl (Yr Eglwysnewydd, Caer-dydd / Cardiff) (name now lost?)
The name “pant y marl” means (the) hollow (of) the marl
According to John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911): “PANT-Y-MARL. (the hollow of the marl.) A place in the chapelry of Whitchurch.)


Note:
..a/ chapelry = district serving an Anglican chapel
..b/ Whitchurch > Yr Eglwysnewydd

Mentioned in the 1891 Census for Caer-dydd / Cardiff in Enumeration District 12, which is:
“Whitchurch: All that part of the parish of Whitchurch comprising Providence Place, Grove, Pentwyn, Ffynonwen, Pantymarl, Pantmawr, Rhubina Road, Wenallt, Graig Farm, Green Hill, Deri Road and Hill, Caerphilly Road and New Inn.”

ETYMOLOGY: English marl (=soil made up of clay and lime) < French marle (modern French: marne = marl) < Late Latin margila, diminutive form of marga (= marl)

:_______________________________.

marlat mar -lat› masculine noun
PLURAL: marladiaid ‹ mar- lad -yed›
1 drake = male duck
2 (insult) yr hen farlat gwirion = you daft fool

NOTE: also in mid-Wales and the south the variants:
maelad, meilat, milat, milart (mileti), merlat, marled, marlet

ETYMOLOGY: From English < French, if not directly from French.

English mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), which is from Middle French malard (= drake) (male = male, masculine animal) + (-ard suffix).

French male (= male animal) < masle < Latin masculus male (mās = male) + (-culus diminutive suffix)

The modern French word is unchanged: malart (= drake, male duck)

The species of duck mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is in Welsh hwyaden wyllt “wild duck”

:_______________________________.

mármaled mar-ma-led› masculine noun
NOTE: also with the stress on the final syllable – marmalêd ‹mar-ma-leed

1
marmalade = preserve made from the pulp and rind of oranges, or other citrus fruits

2
coeden fármaled marmalade tree (Calocarpum sapota) A tropical American tree the fruit of which is used for making preserves

ETYMOLOGY: English marmalade < French marmelade < Portuguese marmelada < marmelo (= quince) < Latin melimêlum < Greek melimêlon (= sweet apple), (meli = honey) + (mêlon = apple, fruit)

:_______________________________.

marmor ‹MAR mor› (masculine noun)
1
marble

ond tra yr ydoedd ei draed ar y llawr marmor and while his feet were on the marble floor (Y Gwyliedydd 1834)
cerflun marmor o Syr John Williams a marble statue of Sir John WiIliams

colofn farmor marble column

chwarel farmor, pl. chwareli marmor marble quarry

ffris marmor marble frieze

cyfreslun marmor marble frieze

bwrdd marmor marble table

bord farmor, pl. bordydd marmor (South Wales) marble table

lle tân marmor marble fireplace

Trodd gwyneb yr amaethwr cyn wynned â'r marmor (Celtic Folklore. John Rhy^s. 1901.) The farmer’s face went as white as marble

carreg fedd farmor, pl. cerrig beddi marmor marble gravestone

beddfaen marmor marble gravestone

wal farmor, pl. waliau marmor marble wall

grisiau marmor marble steps

nenfwd marmor marble ceiling

plinth marmor marble plinth

bôn marmor marble base

marmor du black marble

marmor cochlyd reddish marble

marmor brith mottled marble, clouded marble

marmor gwyn white marble

mae yr ysbyty a'r adeiladau ysblenydd sydd yno o gareg [= garreg] fel marmor brith, yn brydferth a chadarn (Y Goleuad, Rhagfyr 15 1883 (= December)) the hospital and the splendid buildings there of stone like mottled marble, handsome and stout.

shilff ben tân farmor pl. shilffoedd pen tân marmor marble mantelpiece

powdr marmor marble powder

baddon marmor (literary) marble bath, marble bathtub

twbyn bàth marmor (literary) marble bath, marble bathtub

basn ymolchi marmor marble wash basin

teilsen farmor pl. teils marmor marble tile

mantell shimnai farmor, pl. mantelli shimnai marmor marble mantelpiece

mentyll simneiau marmor a cheryg (= cherrig) stone and marble mantelpieces (Baner ac Amserau Cymru 18-01-1860)

mawsolëwm marmor marble mausoleum

maen marmor marble

Dydd Mawrth y 14eg o Fedi ymgynullodd tyrfa fawr i gapel y Methodistiaid, Cefnddwysarn, ger y Bala, i weled dadorchuddiad gan y gwir anrhydoddus D. Lloyd George, o faen marmor cerfiedig hardd, i'w goffadwriaeth [= i goffadwriaewth Tom Ellis]. Y Diwygiwr (= the reformer). Hydref (= October) 1910. On Tuesday the 14th of September a large crowd gathered in the Methodist chapel, Cefnddwysarn, to see the unveiling by the Right Honourable D[avid] Lloyd George, of a fine carved marble, to his memory (i.e. the memory of Tom Ellis).

Datguddiad 18:12 Marsiandiaeth o aur, ac arian, a meini gwerthfawr, a pherlau, a lliain main, a phorffor, a sidan, ac ysgariad, a phob coed thynon, a phob llestr o ifori, a phob llestr o goed gwerthfawr iawn, ac o bres, ac o haearn, ac o faen marmor.
Revelations 18:12 The merchandise of gold, and silver, and precious stones, and of pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all thyine wood, and all manner vessels of ivory, and all manner vessels of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble.

piler farmor pl. pileri marmor marble pillar

piler farmor uchel a tall marble pillar

pédestal marmor marble pedestal

astell waith farmor pl. estyll gwaith marmor marble worktop (in a kitchen)

asglodyn marmor, pl: asglodion marmor marble chip

 

ETYMOLOGY: A learned borrowing. .c1300 marmor < Latin marmor (= marble) < Greek mármaros. Related to the Greek verb marmaírein (= to sparkle, gleam).

 

:_______________________________.

 

marmoraidd ‹mar-MOR-aidh, -edh› (adj)

1 marble-like, marbled; = having a pattern or colouration that resembles marble

effaith farmoraidd a marble-like effect

gorffeniad marmoraidd a marble-like finish

 

ETYMOLOGY: (marmor = marble) + (-aidd adjectival suffix)

:_______________________________.

marnes ‹MAR nes› (masculine noun)
1
(dialect) varnish

The Treatment of English Borrowed Words in Colloquial Welsh / Thomas Powel / Y Cymmrodor Vol. VI 1883. / p133 
 
The following paper is an attempt to give a general account 
of the use and treatment of English words in the colloquial 
Welsh of the present day. Most of the statements here made 
are applicable to the whole of Welsh-speaking Wales; but 
the paper treats more particularly of the dialect spoken, with 
slight variations, in the Counties of Brecon, Caermarthen, 
and the greater part of Cardigan. 
 
Curiously, sh final, even when preceded by e or i, often 
becomes s: Marnes (varnish), twndis (tundish), ffres (fresh); 
sh is also heard in such words. 

 

ETYMOLOGY: marnes [MAR-nes] < farnes [VAR-nes]. The initial (v) has been taken to be a soft.mutated form of (m), since native words rarely have an initial (v) in their base forms. A (v) could also be a soft-mutated form of (b), and in fact the form barnes, or at least the form in its more standard spelling barnais, is noted in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / Dictionary of the University of Wales..

:_______________________________.

Marsli mar -sli› feminine noun
1
woman's name (English: Marjorie)

Cafodd Wiliam Fychan ap Gwilym o’r Penrhyn (fl. c.1420–m. 1483) saith o blant gyda Gwenllïan ferch Iorwerth, sef Rhobert, Edmwnd, Wiliam, Marsli, Alis, Elen ac Annes. Wiliam Fychan ap (= son of) Gwilym of Y Penrhyn (floreat circa 1420–year of death 1483) seven children with Gwenllïan ferch (= duaghter of) Iorwerth, namely Rhobert, Edmwnd, Wiliam, Marsli, Alis, Elen and Annes. Cymru Guto http://www.gutorglyn.net/gutoswales/persondb.php?ref=nw05 (01-03-2017)
:_______________________________.

mart mart masculine noun
PLURAL: marts marts
1
mart, cattle market, farmers’ market, livestock market

mynd â'r defaid i'r mart take the sheep to the cattle market

Mae etifeddion y porthmon i'w gweld ym mhob mart ac ocsiwn
The heirs / descendents of the 'porthmon' (cattle dealer, cattle drover) are to be seen in every cattle market and auction

criw fu'n protestio ger mart Caerfyrddin
a group of people who were protesting by Caerfyrddin cattle market

 

ym mart Dolgellau in Dolgellau farmers’ market

 



ETYMOLOGY: From English mart, 1400+ < Middle Dutch markt (= market) < Latin mercâtus (= commerce, trade)

:_______________________________.

marteg
1
(obsolete) very beautiful, very fair

………………………………….
…1/ Y Farteg SN7707 hill above Ystalyfera (Powys) (Anglicised as “Varteg Hill”)
“the fair place / the fair hill”

(y definite article) + soft mutation + (marteg)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/18476

Penrhiwfarteg place near here
pen rhiw’r farteg “(the) bottom-end (of the) hillside (of) the Farteg”
(pen = end; top) + (rhiw = slope, hillside) + (Y Farteg hill name).

The loss of the linking definite article is a common feature of place names

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/917581 Penrhiwfarteg

Street name Cwmfarteg (“Cwm Farteg”) in Y Bryn
cwm y farteg “(the) valley (of) Y Farteg”
(cwm = valley) + (Y Farteg hill name).


The loss of the linking definite article is a common feature of place names

………………………………….

…2/ Y Farteg SO2605 village near Pont-t-pŵl in Torfaen

Mynydd y Farteg Fawr “(the) uplands (at) Y Farteg Fawr / the Greater Marteg”

Mynydd y Farteg Fach “(the) uplands (at) Y Farteg Fach / the Lesser Marteg”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/678880 Mynydd y Farteg Fawr

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO2605 Y Farteg
………………………………….

…3/ Penfarteg SN5162 farm south of Pennant, Ceredigion

pen y farteg “(the) top (of) Y Farteg”
(pen = end; top) + (Y Farteg hill name).

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN5162

………………………………….

…4/
Afon Marteg SN9974 by Pant-y-dŵr

Pont Marteg SN5971 near Rhaeadr-gwy “(the) bridge (at) (the place called) Marteg”

(pen = bridge) + (Marteg = ?hill name).

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/481527

………………………………….

…5/ Waun Marteg SO0176 by Bwlchysarnau

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/407726 Waun Marteg

Near here is a farm called Marteg Ganol (“Middle Marteg”)

7428_map_llwyd_cymru_LLIW_farteg_090311
(delwedd 7428)

ETYMOLOGY: Marteg was originally marchdeg (qv)
(
march = horse; also used as an intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (teg = fair)

NOTE:
Farteg. There has been a tendency to spell it with English ‘v’ in place names (“Varteg”).

Though this is to be seen in other place names, perhaps because to an Anglicised mind the only letter which can represent [v] is ‘v’ (although other languages also have different solutions – German ‘w’ representing [v], for example), in the case of this particular word ‘v’ is to be seen probably because the correct Welsh spelling suggests the unpleasant English word ‘fart’.

:_______________________________.

1 marw ‹MAA-ru› (adjective)
1
dead
yn farw ‹ən VAA-ru›) dead

2
(North Wales) byw na marw no stopping “(no) living or dying” (byw = living) + (na = nor) + (marw = dying)

Doedd dim byw na marw There was no stopping him, He would take no refusal (“There was no living nor dying”)

Doedd dim byw na marw na châi fynd He was impatient to go

 

Roedd dim byw na marw na chae o ddwad efo ni

 

Radag yma o'r flwyddyn does 'na byw na marw na chaf i fynd allan i hel mwyar duon, ac mi es y diwrnod o'r blaen

 

Mi welais un pan oeddwn i ar wyliau yng Nghatalonia - a doedd byw na marw na chawn i ei brynu, ac un da ydi o hefyd.

I couldn’t resist....

 

Doedd byw na marw na chai fynd, er mod i yn ofni mai rhyw greadur balch, mur- senaidd, ac anodd i drin fydda fo wedi bod yno.

 

Yn ei dre enedigol yr oedd cryn enw iddo fel casglwr hen lyfrau a doedd byw na marw na châi Dafydd Williams (Llyfrbryf) ymweld ag ef.

 



3
codi o farw’n fyw come back from the dead (“rise from dead alive”)

4 gadael (rhywun) fel petái’n farw leave somebody for dead (“leave somebody as if he were dead”)

5
bod bron marw o chwerthin die of laughter (“be nearly dead from laughing”)
Bûm bron marw o chwerthinn I nearly died laughing

6
meirw used as a noun = dead people
y byw a’r meirw the quick and the dead
Noswyl y Meirw Eve of All Souls Day (the evening of November 1, All Souls being on November 2)

:_______________________________.

2 marw ‹MAA-ru› (verb)
1
to die
marw o dorcalon die of a broken heart, die heartbroken

ymbaratói i farw prepare oneself for death
Mae e wedi marw He's died
yn marw ‹ən MAA ru› (verb) dying

2
marw ar y don (literary) to drown at sea (“die on the wave / on the sea”)

:_______________________________.

marw-anedig ‹maa-ru-a-nee-dig› adjective
1
still-born = (animal or human) born dead at the end of the gestation period

ETYMOLOGY: (marw = dead) + soft mutation + (ganedig = born)

:_______________________________.

marweiddiad ‹mar- weidh -yad› masculine noun
1
(religion) mortification (of the flesh), control by self-denial
2
(medicine) mortification, tissue death

ETYMOLOGY: (marweidd- stem of marweiddio = mortify) + (-i-ad suffix)

:_______________________________.

marwolaeth, marwolaethau ‹mar WO leth, mar wo LEI the› (feminine noun)
1
death
y farwolaeth the death

2
bod dan ddedfryd marwolaeth be under sentence of death

:_______________________________.

ma’s maas
1 southern form of maes (= field), or ’maas < i maes (= outside)
Usually spelt (less correctly) mâs
See aa / maas

:_______________________________.

masarnen ‹ma- sar -nen› feminine noun
PLURAL masarn ma sarn›
1
maple, maple tree
y fasarnen the maple tree
also: coeden fasarn = maple, maple tree

2
deilen fasarn plural: dail masarn maple leaf

3
sudd masarn maple syrup

4
siwgwr masarn maple sugar

5 Coedmasarn koid MA-sarn street name (as “Coed Masarn”) in Abergele (Sir Conwy), “(y) coed masarn” “(the) maple wood”, (y definite article) + (coed = wood) + (masarn = maple)

ETYMOLOGY: (1) Welsh masarn < masar < English mazer < Old English maeser-

(2) the addition of the final -n also occurs in
..1/ siswrn < siswr (= scissors),
..2/ adarn, a dialect form of adar (= birds).

(3) The English word mazer, now generally obsolete, but in use in specialist language, denotes a wooden drinking bowl, originally made of burr maple (Acer campestre). Mazer was “maple”, and “object made from maple; drinking bowl”.

NOTE: Colloquially with the loss of the first syllable: masarnen > sarnen
(and sarnan in the north-west, which has ‘a’ instead of ‘e’ in final syllables, a usual feature of the Welsh of this region)

:_______________________________.

masarnen fawr ‹mar- sar –nen vaur
feminine noun
PLURAL: masarn mawr ma –sarn maur
1
(tree) (Acer pseudoplatanus) = sycamore, great maple
NOTE: (masarnen > maple) + soft mutation + (mawr = great)

:_______________________________.

masgl ma -skal› masculine noun
PLURAL: masglau ma -skle›
1 pod = long seed-case of peas and beans
masglyn pys peapod
masgl ffa beanpod

2 shell = nutshell, hard outer covering of a nut

3 shell = eggshell, hard outer covering of an egg

ETYMOLOGY: unknown
NOTE: suffixed forms: mesglyn, masglyn, masglen
Southern forms: masgal, mashgal

:_______________________________.

masnach, masnachau ‹MAS-nakh, mas-NAA-khe› (feminine noun)
1
trade, commerce
y fasnach the trade

2 llynges fasnach merchant navy = ships engaged in commerce

:_______________________________.

masnachol ‹mas-NAA-khol› (adjective)
1
commercial
2 llynges fasnachol merchant navy = ships engaged in commerce

:_______________________________.

masnachwr, masnachwyr ‹mas-NAA-khur, maa-NAKH-wir› (masculine noun)
1
merchant

masnachwr arfau ‹mas-NAA-khur AR-ve› arms dealer
masnachwr cyffuriau ‹mas-NAA-khur kə-FIR-ye› drug dealer

:_______________________________.

mastyrbaidd ‹ ma- stər -bedh› adjective
1 masturbatory

ETYMOLOGY: (mastyrb- stem of mastyrbio = masturbar) + (-aidd, suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

mastyrbiad ‹ ma- stərb -yo› masculine noun
PLURAL: masturbiadau ‹ ma-storb- yaa -de›
1 masturbation, wank

ETYMOLOGY: (mastyrb- stem of mastyrbio = masturbar) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)

:_______________________________.

mastyrbio ‹ ma- stərb -yo› verb
1 (verb with an object) masturbate, wank
2 (verb without an object) masturbate, wank, have a wank

ETYMOLOGY: (mastyrb- from English masturbate) (-io suffix for forming verbs)
English masturbate is a loan in the 1800s from Latin mastubârî (unknown origin)

:_______________________________.

mastyrbiol ‹ ma- stərb -yol› adjective
1 masturbatory

ETYMOLOGY: (mastyrb- stem of mastyrbio = masturbar) + (-iol, suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

mastyrbiwr ‹ ma- stərb -yur› masculine noun
PLURAL: masturbwyr ‹ ma- stərb -wir›
1 masturbater

ETYMOLOGY: (mastyrb- stem of mastyrbio = masturbar) + (-i-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

mat, matiau ‹MAT, MAT ye› (masculine noun)
1
mat

:_______________________________.

mat bwrdd ‹mat burdh masculine noun
PLURAL: matiau bwrdd mat-ye burdh
1
table mat, place mat (South Wales: mat bord)

ETYMOLOGY: (mat = mat) + (bwrdd = table)

:_______________________________.

mat cwrw ‹mat ku-rw› masculine noun
PLURAL: matiau cwrw mat-ye ku-ru›
1
beer mat = cardboard table mat placed under a beer mug to absorb small amounts of beer spilled from the glass, and to advertise brewery products

2
casglwr matiau cwrw beer mat collector = person whose hobby is collecting different kinds of beer mats

ETYMOLOGY: (mat = mat) + (cwrw = beer)

:_______________________________.

mat drws ‹mat druus masculine noun
PLURAL: matiau drws mat-ye druus
1
doormat

ETYMOLOGY: “mat (of) door” (mat = mat) + (drws = door)

:_______________________________.

mate ‹MA te› (masculine noun)
1
(Patagonian Welsh) mate (drink in Patagonia, from the leaves of a tree related to the holly)

:_______________________________.

maten PLURAL matiau ‹MA ten, MAT ye› (feminine noun)
1
turf sod
y faten the turf sod
cysgu fel maten sleep like a log (“sleep like a turf sod“)

:_______________________________.

mater, materion ‹MA ter, ma TER yon› (masculine noun)
1
matter
2
os daw’n fater o raid should it become necessary, if it comes to the crunch
(“if | it-comes | [as] | [a] | matter of necessity”)

:_______________________________.

math, mathau ‹MAATH, MAA-the› (masculine noun)
1
type

2
y gorau o’i fath the best of its kind

3
bod rhyw fath ar (wneud rhywbeth) be sort of (doing something)

4
yr un fath the same type, the same thing

Does dim dau yr un fath
No two people are alike "there isn't a two the same sort" "

(does dim = there isn't) + (dau = two) + (yr = the) + (un = one, same) + soft mutation + (math = type)

Maen nhw i gyd yr un fath â’i gilydd They’re all the same (“the same with / as its fellow”)

5 unfath identical

gefeilliaid unfath identical twins
(un = one) + soft mutation + (math = type)

anunfath = non-identical
(an = negative prefix) + (unfath = identical)

6
o’r math gwaethaf of the worst sort
cnaf o’r math gwaethaf the worst of rogues, a rogue of the first order

7 Mae agos yr un fath It’s almost the same

:_______________________________.

Math ‹MAATH› (masculine noun)
1
fourth of the tales in the Mabinogi

:_______________________________.

Mathemateg ‹ma the MA teg› (feminine noun)
1
mathematics

:_______________________________.

Mathew ‹MA theu› (masculine noun)
1
man's name
Familiar form: Matho
:_______________________________.

Matho maa -tho› masculine noun
1
man’s name (= Matthew)

Graig Fatho (“(the) crag (of) Matthew”) a farm east of Coedelái ST0185 (near Tonyrefail, county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

ETYMOLOGY: (Math-, first syllable of Mathew) + (-o, diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.

mathru ‹MA thri› (v)
1 crush

mathru (rhywbeth) dan eich traed
crush something underfoot

Galarnad Jeremeia 3:34 I fathru holl garcharorion y ddaear dan ei draed,
Lamentations 3:34 To crush under his feet all the prisoners of the earth,

:_______________________________.

Mati ‹MA ti› (feminine noun)
1
woman's name, Mattie; = Martha

:_______________________________.

matras ma-tras› masculine noun
PLURAL: matresi, matrasau ‹ma-tre-si, -se›
1
mattress
matras sbrings spring mattress

ETYMOLOGY: English < French < Italian materasso < Arabic almatrah (=
place where something is thrown); taraha (= to throw)

:_______________________________.

matshen, matshus ‹MA chen, MA chis› (feminine noun)
1
match (for lighting a fire)
y fatshen the match

:_______________________________.

Maw MAU feminine noun
1
river name

Y Bermo < Abérmo < Abérmaw < Aber-maw
English name: Barmouth

ETYMOLOGY: Maw < Mawdd

:_______________________________.

Mawddach MAU-dhakh feminine noun
1
river name

Glanymawddach SH6316 (on the map as “Glan-y-Mawddach”)
Locality by the Mawddach estuary.

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/413742

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) bank (of) the mawddwy (river”)
(glan = riverbank) + (y definite article) + (Mawddach river name)
The name is unusual because it has the definite article.
Glanmawddwy glan Mawddwy would be the expected form.
:_______________________________.

Mawddwy mau -dhui› feminine noun
1
division (kumud / “cwmwd”) of the (kantrev / “cantref”) of Cyfeiliog (in the modern county of Gwynedd)

(a) Aran Fawddwy “(the) Aran (mountain) (belonging to) (the kumud of) Mawddwy”;
One of two neighbouring peaks with the name Aran; each in a different kumud. The other is Aran Benllyn (the) Aran (mountain) (belonging to) (the kumud of) Penllyn

(b) Llanymawddwy SH3180 village and parish name (= “Llan ym Mawddwy”, “the place called “Llan” in the kumud of Mawddwy”, “the parish church in the kumud of Mawddwy”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/507603

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

mawnbwll maun -bulh›
masculine noun
PLURAL: mawnbyllau ‹maun- -lhe›
1
peat bog


ETYMOLOGY: (mawn = peat) + soft mutation + (pwll = pool, hollow, pit)

:_______________________________.

mawr maur adjective
1
big = of great size
bys mawr
minute hand (“big finger”)
mor fawr â as big as
hanner mor fawr â half as big as

2
big = of great height

3
big = of great weight

4
big = of great number

5
big = of great capacity

6
big, important

7
(sea) stormy, rough; môr mawr a rough sea

8
great (intensity)
used before a noun (which has soft mutation)
trwy fawr lafur with great toil, through hard work

9
strong = (wind) of great intensity;
treio darllen papur newydd mewn gwynt mawr trying to read a newspaper in a strong wind

10
(person) big, corpulent, fat, large

11
great, prominent;
Cymro mawr arall oedd John Morris-Jones John Morris-Jones was another great Welshman

12
(money) indicating large quantities; gwario arian mawr spend a lot of money

13
big = bigger than usual, in order to reflect higher status
breuddwydio am dy mawr a char mawr dream of a big house and a big car

14
(weather) stormy; tywydd mawr stormy weather;
Tydi hi'n noson fawr, Mr Williams? Isn't it a stormy night, Mr Williams?

tywydd mawr bad weather (“big weather”)

15
(letters) capital llythyren fawr capital letter; a fawr A, capital a

16
fully-grown, of adult age;
Beth wyt ti am neud wedi mynd yn fawr? What do you want to do when you grow up? (“after becoming big”)

17
(time) refers to length -
amser mawr a long time
awr fawr a good hour, an hour and more
blynyddoedd mawr yn ôl many years ago
sbel fawr a good while, a long time

18
fawr o not much... (with the negator ni or the preposition heb = without)
heb fawr o lwc without much luck (“without (a) great (amount) of luck”)
fawr o dro = not long, not much time

19
great, big = enthusiastic, avid, keen; mae hi'n ddarllenreg fawr she's a big reader, an avid reader

20
(friends) great, close; maen nhw'n ffrindie mawr they're great friends

21
(age) great bod mewn oed mawr be very old (“be in a big age”)

22
posh, complicated; Cymraeg mawr (“big Welsh”) term for a register of Welsh used by people who have had an education in the language; often implies that it is unnatural and too close to literary Welsh

23
in some place names in the reduced form -mor, -for, etc

For whatever reason, the noun and adjective become a compound form and the accent has shifted to the penultimate syllable

The diphthong
aw in the final syllable is reduced to the simple vowel o, as is usual in literary and colloquial Welsh.

Coetmor
: (coed mawr = big wood)
coed-máwr > cóetmawr > Cóetmor

Dwyfor: (Dywy fawr = the bigger of the two rivers)
Dywy Fáwr > Dywyfawr > D’wyfawr > Dwyfor

Llannor: (llan fawr = big church)
llan-fáwr > llánfawr > llánfor > Llánnor

Trefor: (tref fawr = big trêv, big farmstead)
tref-fáwr > tréfawr > Tréfor

Ynysfor: (ynys fawr = big island)
ynys-fáwr > ynýsfawr > Ynýsfor SH6042 Name of a farm, near Porthmadog; from the name of a rocky outcrop on which it stands

24 (in a competition) gwneud sioe dda ohoni put up a good show, perform well, give a creditable performance (“make a good show of it”)

25
Y Sioe Fawr a popular name for Sioe Amaethyddol Cymru (Welsh Agricultural Show) held at end of July in Llanelwedd, county of Powys
Cf the facetious name for this event Steddfod y Buarth “the eisteddfod of the farmyard”. It is held just one week before the national eisteddfod

26
gwneud eira mawr snow heavily (“make big snow”)

27
o fawr bwys of little importance
(ni = not)..... + (o = of) + soft mutation + (mawr = big, great) + soft mutation + (pwys = importance)
Nìd yw o fawr bwys It’s of little importance

28
mawr o...
Nid yw’n fawr o beth It’s nothing sensational, It’s nothing grand

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < mâr- < British < Celtic môr-

From the same British root: Breton meur (= big), Cornish meur (= big)
From the same Celtic root: Irish mór (= big), Scottish mòr (= big), Manks mooar (= big)

Occurs in place names from Gaulish
The highest hill in the département of L’Oise (220m) is Mont Pagnotte, also called Haut Merdun; and Merdun is said to be from Gaulish Mar-o-dun-on “big hill”, corresponding to modern Welsh mawr (= big), din (= fort).

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mawrddrwg maur -dhrug› masculine noun
1
great evil

(in rebuking someone for having done something) Y mawrddrwg! You villain!

Y mawrddrwg o frawd sy gen ti wnaeth e, siwr iawn That rascal of a brother of yours did it, without a doubt

ETYMOLOGY: (mawr = big) + soft mutation + (drwg = evil, badness)

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mawredd ‹MU redh› (masculine noun)
1
greatness

 

Mawredd mawr! (“great greatness”) an exclamation of surprise

:_______________________________.

mawrhydi ‹maur HƏ di› (masculine noun)
1
majesty

2 address to a royal personage
Eich Mawrhydi Your Majesty, Your Majesties
Ei Mawrhydi Her Majesty
Ei Fawrhydi His Majesty
Eu Mawrhydi Their Majesties

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Mawrth (mis Mawrth)
[maʊrθ, miːs ˡmaʊrθ] ˡ (masculine noun)
1
Mars

2
(month) March

mis Mawrth March (“(the) month (of) March”)

ym mis Mawrth in March
ar ddechrau mis Mawrth at the beginning of March
ar ganol mis Mawrth
in the middle of March, in mid-March
ar ddiwedd mis Mawrth
at the end of March

bob mis Mawrth every March

Mae cyn sicred â Mawrth yn y Grawys It’s absolutely certain, It’s a sure as eggs is eggs (“as sure as Tuesday in Lent”; this is Lenten Tuesday / the first Tuesday in Lent / Pancake Tuesday)

3
dydd Mawrth Tuesday (“(the) day (of) Mars”)

...01
Mawrth (y cyntaf o Fawrth)
the first of March
Gwyl Ddewi or Gwyl Dewi Saint David’s Day, patron of Wales
See Page 0842Gwyl Ddewi or Gwyl Dewi?

...02
Mawrth (yr ail o Fawrth)
the second of March

...03
Mawrth (y trydydd o Fawrth)
the third of March

...04
Mawrth (y pedwerydd o Fawrth)
the fourth of March

...05
Mawrth (y pumed o Fawrth)
the fifth of March

...06
Mawrth (y chweched o Fawrth)
the sixth of March

...07
Mawrth (y seithfed o Fawrth)
the seventh of March

...08
Mawrth (yr wythfed o Fawrth)
the eighth of March

...09
Mawrth (y nawfed o Fawrth)
the ninth of March

...10
Mawrth (y degfed o Fawrth)
the tenth of March

...11
Mawrth (yr unfed ar ddeg o Fawrth)
the eleventh of March

...12
Mawrth (y deuddeg o Fawrth)
the twelfth of March

...13
Mawrth (y trydydd ar ddeg o Fawrth)
the thirteenth of March

...14
Mawrth (y pedwerydd ar ddeg o Fawrth)
the fourteenth of March

...15
Mawrth (y pymthegfed o Fawrth)
the fifteenth of March
Gwyl Fair y Cyhydedd (“dydd pen tymor” – a quarter day, day at the end of a three-month period when rents were paid)

...16
Mawrth (yr unfed ar bymtheg o Fawrth)
the sixteenth of March

...17
Mawrth (yr ail ar bymtheg o Fawrth)
the seventeenth of March
Gwyl Badrig Saint Patrick’s Day

...18
Mawrth (y deunawfed o Fawrth)
the eighteenth of March

...19
Mawrth (y pedwerydd ar bymtheg o Fawrth)
the nineteenth of March

...20
Mawrth (yr ugeinfed o Fawrth)
the twentieth of March

...21
Mawrth (yr unfed ar hugain o Fawrth)
the twenty-first of March
Gwyl Bened / Gwyl Sant Benedict feast of Benedict

...22
Mawrth (yr ail ar hugain o Fawrth)
the twenty-second of March

...23
Mawrth (y trydydd ar hugain o Fawrth)
the twenty-third of March

...24
Mawrth (y pedwerydd ar hugain o Fawrth)
the twenty-fourth of March

...25
Mawrth (y pumed ar hugain o Fawrth)
the twenty-fifth of March
Gwyl Cyfarchiad Mair Forwyn Annunciation

...26
Mawrth (y chweched ar hugain o Fawrth)
the twenty-sixth of March

...27
Mawrth (y seithfed ar hugain o Fawrth)
the twenty-seventh of March

...28
Mawrth (yr wythfed ar hugain o Fawrth)
the twenty-eighth of March

...29
Mawrth (y nawfed ar hugain o Fawrth)
the twenty-ninth of March

...30
Mawrth (y degfed ar hugain o Fawrth)
the thirtieth of March

...31
Mawrth (yr unfed ar ddeg ar hugain o Fawrth)
the thirty-first of March

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Mebwynion [me-BUIN-yon]
[mɛˡbʊɪnjɔn] (feminine noun) History (cwmwd = “neighbourhood”) kumud of the kantrev of Is Aeron (South-west Wales)

:_______________________________.

mebyd [MEE-bid]
[ˡmeˑbɪd] (masculine noun)
1
boyhood

:_______________________________.

mecanic, mecanics [me-KAA-nik, me-KAA-niks]
[mɛˡkɑˑnɪk, mɛˡkɑˑnɪks] (masculine noun)
1
(Colloquial) mechanic (standard: mecanydd)

:_______________________________.

mecanydd, mecanyddion [me-KAA-nidh, me-ka-NƏDH-yon]
[mɛˡkɑˑnɪð, mɛkaˡnəðjɔn] (masculine noun)
1
mechanic

:_______________________________.

Mechain [MEE-khain, -khen]
[ˡmeˑxaɪn, -ɛn] (feminine noun)

1
kantrev of the medieval country of Powys Wenwynwyn (North-east)

Llanfechain SJ1820 [lhan-VEE-khain]
[ɬanˡveˑxaɪn] village on the river Cain, 5km east of Llanfyllin in Powys. Population: (1961) 461; proportion of Welsh-speakers: (1961) 41%. Also the name of a parish.

The name as it stands is “church (of the kántrev called) Mechain”

(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Mechain, division (‘kantrev’) of the country of Powys Wenwynwyn).

However, the original name is Llanarmon ym Mechain “(the) Llanarmon (which is) (in the kántrev of) Mechain”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/750165
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: Mechain “(the) plain (of) (the river) Cain” < *Machain
(ma = plain) + spirant mutation + (Cain river name, = ‘beautiful’, but possibly a personal name – otherwise Afon Gain would be expected, but it is called Afon Cain).

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medal, medalau [MEE-dal, me-DAA-lai, -e]
[ˡmeˑdal, mɛˡdɑˑlaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
medal
y fedal the medal

:_______________________________.

medd (1) [MEEDH]
[meːð] masculine noun
1
mead = alcoholic drink made of fermented honey and water

Llannerch-y-medd village in Sir Fôn (‘the clearing of the mead’, explained as a woodland clearing with beehives for mead production)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *med- < Celtic < Indoeuropean *medhu (= honey, mead)
From the same British root: Breton mez (= mead), Cornish medh (= mead)
From the same Common Celtic root: Irish miodh (= mead), Manks medd (= mead)

From the same Indoeuropean root:
..a/ Greek methu (= wine). English methylene (
A bivalent hydrocarbon radical, CH2) < French méthylène < Greek (methu = wine) + (hûlê = wood); hence the clipped form methyl, and from this methylate, methylated


..b/ English mead (Old English meodu)

..c/ Cf Sanskrit mádhu (= honey).

The Welsh word meddw (= drunk) is based on medd (= mead); the equivalents in the other British languages are:
..a/ Cornish medhow (= drunk)
..b/ Breton mezo, mezv (= drunk)

:_______________________________.

*medd (2) [MEEDH]
[meːð] masculine noun
1
element (= measure) found in some compound words

dyrnfedd = handbreadth (“hand measure”)

modfedd = inch (“thumb measure”) < máwd-fedd < báwd-fedd; (bawd = thumb) + soft mutation + (medd = measure)

tonfedd = wavelength (“wave measure”)

troedfedd = foot (“foot measure”)


ETYMOLOGY: medd < British *med-; cf Latin mêtîrî (= to measure)

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medd (3) [MEEDH]
[meːð]
1
says (in quoting exact words)
Efallai na bydd hi byw tan y bore, medd y doctor He might not live to see the morning, the doctor says
medd yr hen air or so the saying goes, is what they say (“says the old word / the old saying”)
“Gorau arfer, daioni” medd yr hen air “The best thing you can do is to do good”, or so the saying goes

2
meddaf I say (‘I shall say’)
meddwn I say (‘I was saying’)

medd he / she says (‘he / she shall say’)
meddai he / she says (‘he / she was saying’)

meddan nhw they say (“they shall say”)
medden nhw they say (“they were saying) [MEE-dhe-nu, -nhu]
[ˡmeˑðɛnʊ, -nhʊ]

3 Tinddu medd y frân wrth y wylan (It’s a case of / It’s) the pot calling the kettle black (“black-arse says the crow to the seagull”)

4
say = give as a reading (on a dial, clock face)
camu o’r cawod a sefyll ar y glorian... un stôn ar ddeg a hanner, medda hi
walk from the shower to the scales... eleven and a half stone, it says

“Sympian saint” - “súmffoni y mynachod” medd Dafydd ap Gwilym am yr organ yn Eglwys Deiniol ym Mangor
“Sympian saint” - “the symphony of the monks” says Dafydd ap Gwilym (= foremost medieval Welsh poet) about the organ in Eglwys Deiniol (the church of Deiniol) in Bangor

NOTE: Also the forms myntwn i = I said, mynte fe = he said.
(1) meddai yntau = he-for-his-part said;
(2) colloquially: medde ynte (final “au” > “e”)
(3) loss of medial dd, which results in: me’ ynte
(4) coalescence of the two words: mente
(5) derivation of a new root ment or mynt from this
(6) addition of personal endings to this new root
myntwn i, mentwn i, etc

ETYMOLOGY: Cf Cornish in-medh (= said), Breton eme (= said) < emez

:_______________________________.

medd.
1
abbreviation = meddiannol


:_______________________________.

meddai [MEE-dhai, -e]
[ˡmeˑðaɪ, -ɛ] (v)
1
he / she / it said

See medd (3)

:_______________________________.

meddal [MEE-dhal]
[ˡmeˑðal] (adjective)
1
soft = not hard

2
soft = (person) easy to pressure, not firm in character
Nid oedd ei larieidd-dra yn peri iddo fod yn feddal a gwasaidd.
His gentleness did not make him (“did not cause him to be”) soft and servile

3
(Grammar) treiglad meddal (Abbreviation: ml.) soft mutation
(Affects nine consonants: c > g, p > b, t > d, g > ZERO, b > f, d > dd, m > f, ll > l, rh > r)

:_______________________________.

meddalnod [me-DHAL-nod]
[mɛˡðalnɔd] (m)
PLURAL: meddalnodau [me-dhal-NOO-dai, -de]
[mɛðalˡnoˑdaɪ, -dɛ]

1 (music) flat

Beethoven - Sonata Rhif 4 ym Meddalnod E Fwyaf, Opws 7 - I. Allegro molto e con brio

Beethoven - Sonata No. 4 in E Flat Major, Op. 7 - I. Allegro molto e con brio

 

ETYMOLOGY: ‘soft note’ (meddal = soft) + (nod = note)

:_______________________________.

meddiannol [medh-YAnol]
[mɛðˡjanɔl]
1
(Grammar) possessive
Abbreviation: medd.

:_______________________________.

medde [MEE-dhe]
[ˡmeˑðɛ] verb
1
colloquial form of meddai (= (he / she / it) says, said)

NOTE: (-ai in the final syllable of a word in colloquial Welsh > e (and a in the north-west and south-east)

:_______________________________.

medden nhw [MEE-dhe-nu, -nhu]
[ˡmeˑðɛnʊ, -nhʊ]
verb
1
they say, it is said (in repeating a rumour, news), or so they say, or so they tell me

NOTE: also written medde’ nhw / nw, medden hw; (nord-oest, sud-est) meddan nhw / nw, medda’ nhw / nw

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meddgi [MEDH-gi]
[ˡmɛðgɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL meddgwn [MEDH-gun]
[ˡmɛðgʊn]
1
drunkard

ETYMOLOGY: meddgi < méddw-gi < (meddw = drunk) + soft mutation + (ci = dog)

:_______________________________.

meddiant, meddiannau [MEDH-yant, medh-YA-nai, -e]
[ˡmɛðjant, mɛðˡjanaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
ownership
meddiannau
property (= land, buildings, etc)

:_______________________________.

meddir [MEE-dhir]
[ˡmeˑðɪr] verb
1
it is said, they say

2
(in a text) often used after quoting a proverb, as an introduction to some anecdote

Nid yn y bore mae canmol diwrnod teg, meddir. Bu cryn dipyn o sôn am flaengarwch ac ardderchogrwydd sustem cyfeiriadurol newydd yr ysbyty pan roddwyd ar waith ddwy flwyddyn yn ôl, ond mae wedi profi’n fethiant llwyr


(“it-is-not in the morning that-there-is (the) praising (of) a fair day”), that is, the weather in the morning may be fine and sunny, but the afternoon may bring rain. A favourable situation may suddenly change, wait and see what happens in the long run.

You must see how something works in the long run before you can heap praise on it. There was a lot of talk about the innovativeness and the excellence of the hospital’s new computer system when it was put into operation two years ago, but it has turned out to be a complete failure.

ETYMOLOGY: (medd- = stem of a defective verb = “say”) + (-ir present-tense indicative impersonal suffix)

:_______________________________.

meddw [MEE-dhu]
[ˡmeˑðʊ] (adjective)
1
drunk
See medd (= mead)

 

:_______________________________.

meddwdod ‹MEDH-u-dod, MEDH-dod› (m)
The informal spelling medd’dod indicates its more usual pronunciation

1 inebriation; drunkenness

 

Glân Meddwdod Mwyn = name of a Welsh air.

glân = clean, undefiled; holy; (South Wales) handsome, pretty.

 

Here probably with the meaning extended to “merry”.

The construction of the phrase is unusual. Maybe there is a missing preposition – glân mewn meddwdod mwyn, literally “merry in mellow tipsiness”

 

7696_glan_meddwdod_mwyn_100731

(delwedd 7696)

 

“Glân Meddwdod Mwyn,” or Good humoured and fairly tipsy. It is impossible to give a faithful translation of Glân meddwdod mwyn. The air is a very beautiful one, and very frequently sung in Wales; as a two-part song it is exceedingly effective. Many Penillion on various subjects are chaunted to this tune, the metre of which is long, consisting of eleven syllables: e.g. “If friendship and love be nor blessings divine, / In life there’s no pleasure, no music in song.”

The Cambro-Britain September 1819. Vol. I. Welsh Music III, p.95..

 

:_______________________________.

meddwen medh -wen› feminine noun
PLURAL meddod; meddwennod medh-wod; medh-we-nod›
1
female drunkard, drunken woman
y feddwen the drunken woman

ETYMOLOGY: (meddw = drunk) + (-en suffix added to nouns to make a noun from an adjective)

:_______________________________.

meddwi ‹MEDH wi› (verb)
1
to get drunk

:_______________________________.

..1 meddwl ‹ME dhul› (verb)

1
to think
ailfeddwl to think again
Beth wyt ti’n feddwl amdano fe? (= Beth wyt ti’n ei feddwl...) What do you think about it?
lleisio’ch meddwl to think aloud (“to voice your mind”)
meddwl drosoch eich hun to think for yourself
meddyliwch cyn siarad think before you speak
meddwl eilwaith to think again
meddwl yn ddwys to think hard
meddwl yn galed to think hard

feddyliwn i
(colloquially, ’ddyliwn i) I should think, I should have thought, I’d’ve thought

go brin, ’ddyliwn i it’s hardly likely, I’d’ve thought

pwy fydde wedi meddwl! (pwy a fyddai wedi meddwl!)
Who’d’ve thought it!

wn i ddim beth i’w feddwl
I don’t know what to think

2
meddwl fel arall think otherwise

3 erbyn meddwl all things considered, considering the circumstances, in view of the situation, now that I think of it
4 rw i’n meddwl nad oedd hi’n deall y sefyllfa
I don’t think she understood the situation (“I think she didn’t understand the situation”)

:_______________________________.

..2 meddwl, meddyliau ‹ME dhul, me DHƏL ye› (masculine noun)
1
mind
rhoi’ch meddwl ar waith ynghylch rhywbeth give careful thought to something
mynd trwy’ch feddwl go through your mind
bwrw’ch meddwl yn ôl to think back
taflu’ch meddwl yn ôl to think back

2 thought

(South Wales) chwalu meddyliau be depressed, have gloomy thoughts (“to scatter thoughts”)

3
regard, consideration
meddwl mawr high opinion (“big thought”)
Mae ganddi feddwl fawr ohoni ’i hun
She thinks a lot of herself, she has a high opinion of herself, she really fancies herself

:_______________________________.

meddwl llai na mee-dhul lhai naa›
1
ni + meddwl llai na not think for a moment that
Fel yr awgrymwyd o’r blaen, nid oedd yn meddwl llai na gwella drwy y misoedd y bu yn glaf.
As we have mentioned, he always believed he would get better during the months he was ill.

NOTE: (ni = negative particle; colloquially it is omitted) + (meddwl = to think) + (llai = less) + (na = than)

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meddwol medh -wol› adjective
1
alcoholic, intoxicating; = containing alcohol;
diod feddwol = alcoholic drink, intoxicating liquor

2
drunken, alcoholic = given to drinking large amounts of alcoholic drink, inclined to drink;
Dyma rai o'r bobl fwyaf meddwol sydd i'w cael ar glawr daear

They are some of the people most inclined to drink on the face of the earth

ETYMOLOGY: (meddw = drunk) + (-ol = suffix for forming a masculine noun from an adjective)

:_______________________________.

meddwyn medh -win› masculine noun
PLURAL meddwon medh-won›
1
drunk, drunkard, sop, inebriate, (American: also souse); = a person who drinks to excess habitually

ETYMOLOGY: (meddw = (adjective) drunk) + (-yn = suffix for forming a masculine noun from an adjective)

:_______________________________.

meddyg mee-dhig› masculine noun
PLURAL meddygon ‹me-dhə-gon›
1
doctor (man doctor) (woman doctor) (informal: doc)
mynd at y meddyg to go to the doctor’s, to visit the doctor

2
y Meddyg (as a title) the doctor (man, woman);
y Meddyg Siân Gruffudd = Doctor Siân Gruffudd
(colloquially, Doctor Siân Gruffudd)

3
informal medic = medical student

4
in medieval times an epithet = doctor; it survives as the (rare) anglicised surname “Meddick”

5
county of Caerfyrddin medicine, remedy

6
Amser yw'r meddyg gorau Time heals all, Time is the great healer (“(it is) time that-is the best doctor”)

7
bod dan law'r meddyg be receiving medical treatment (“be under the hand of the doctor”)
Roedd llawer o'r milwyr dan law'r meddyg gydag archollion cyllyll
Many of the soldiers were receiving medical treatment for knife wounds

8
South Wales Does gyda fi feddyg gyda... I can't stand, I can't abide (“there isn't with me a remedy with...”)

Does gennyf feddyg i neb arall wybod lle rw i'n mynd
I can't stand other people knowing where I'm going

9
llawfeddyg = surgeon (“hand-doctor”) (llaw = hand) + soft mutation + (meddyg = doctor)

10
parafeddyg = paramedic, person who helps in medical work

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin medicus < medêri (= to cure).
From the same British root: Cornish medheg (= doctor), Breton mezeg (= doctor)
Also from Latin medicus is the Irish word miodhach (= doctor)

:_______________________________.

Meddyg.
1
abbreviation = Meddygaeth Medicine


:_______________________________.

meddygaeth ‹me- dhə -geth› feminine noun
1
medicine = medical science
Abbreviation: Meddyg.

2
ysgol feddygaeth medical school, place where doctors are trained

3
llawfeddygaeth surgery (llawfeddyg = surgeon) +(-aeth suffix for forming nouns)

4
Meddygaeth Medicine (Subject label in a dictionary, etc)
Abbreviation: Meddyg.

ETYM
OLOGY: (meddyg-, penult form of meddyg = doctor) + (-aeth)
Cornish medhygieth = medicine, Breton mezegiezh = medicine

:_______________________________.

meddyg corff mee -dhig korf masculine noun
PLURAL meddygon corff ‹me- dhə -gon korf
1
colloquial physician (doctor, especially one who practises general medicine, not a surgeon, or a specialist)
(Literal translation: “body doctor”)

:_______________________________.

meddyges ‹me- dhə -ges› feminine noun
PLURAL meddygesau ‹me-dhə- ge -se›
1
doctor (woman doctor)
y feddyges the doctor

ETYMOLOGY: (meddyg-, penult form of meddyg = doctor) + (-es)

:_______________________________.

meddyg esgyrn mee -dhig e -skirn› masculine noun
PLURAL meddygon esgyrn ‹me-dhə-gon e -skirn›
1
formerly bonesetter = doctor who treats broken bones
2
colloquial osteopath (the formal word is ósteopath) (“doctor (of) bones”)

:_______________________________.

meddygfa ‹me- dhəg -va› feminine noun
PLURAL meddygféydd ‹me-dhəg- veidh
1
(American: doctor's office), (Englandic: doctor's surgery, doctor's consulting room) - the room in which a patient visits a doctor

y feddygfa the doctor’s office

2
surgery = a place with a doctor's consulting room, waiting room, and dispensary; colloquial name: lle doctor (“(a) place (of a) doctor”), lle'r doctor (“(the) place (of the) doctor”)

Meddygfa Cadwgan name of a surgery in Hen Golwyn

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/527407

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

ETYMOLOGY: (meddyg-, penult form of meddyg = doctor) + (-fa, suffix = 'place')

:_______________________________.

meddyg geni mee -dhig gee -ni› masculine noun
PLURAL meddygon geni ‹me-dhə-gon gee -ni›
1
colloquial obstetrician (the formal word is obstetrydd), specialist in childbirth and the treatment of women during pregnancy and after giving birth (“doctor (of) giving birth”)

:_______________________________.

meddyg gwaed me -dhig gwaaid masculine noun
PLURAL meddygon gwaed ‹me-dhə-gon gwaaid
1
colloquial (American: hematologist) (Englandic: haemotologist) (“doctor (of) blood”) (the formal word is hematolegydd)

:_______________________________.

meddyginiaeth ‹me-dhə- gin -yeth› feminine noun
PLURAL meddyginiaethau ‹me-dhə-gin- yei -the›
1
medicine = remedy, medicament;
y feddyginiaeth the medicament
meddyginiaeth i ladd poen an analgesic, a painkiller (“medicine to kill pain”)

2
treatment = application of a remedy;
Tamaid o we pry cop ar y cwt - dyna feddyginiaeth syml i atal lli'r gwaed
A bit of spider's web on the cut - that's a simple treatment to stop the bleeding (“to prevent the flow of blood”)

3
medicine = discipline of the study and application of medicine, application of medical skills (in this case “meddyginiaeth” is used incorrectly instead of “meddygaeth”)

ETYMOLOGY: (meddygin- from Latin medicîna = medicine) + (-aeth)

:_______________________________.

meddyginiaeth gartref ‹me-dhə- gin -yeth gar -tre› feminine noun
PLURAL meddyginiaethau cartref ‹me-dhə-gin- yei -the kar -tre›
1
home remedy - medicines prepared at home usually from traditional knowledge which may or may not have scientific value

Mawr iawn oedd y defnydd a wneid gynt o saim gwydd mewn meddyginiaethau cartre
In the past a lot of use was made of goose fat in home remedies

ETYMOLOGY: (meddyginiaeth = medicine) + soft mutation + (cartref = home)

:_______________________________.

meddyginiaethol ‹me-dhə-gin- yei -thol› adjective
1
medicinal, medicated;

siampw meddyginiaethol medicated shampoo

ETYMOLOGY: (meddyginiaeth = medicine) + (-ol, suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

meddyginiaethu ‹me-dhə-gin- yei -thi› verb
1
to medicate = put ointment on a wound
2
to medicate = treat a patient with medicine
3
to medicate = add a medication to a bandage, shampoo, etc

ETYMOLOGY: (meddyginiaeth = medicine) + (-u, suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

meddyglyn ‹me- dhə-glin› masculine noun
1
obsolete metheglin ‹məthéglin› = medicated mead; spiced mead
2
obsolete medicine

ETYMOLOGY: (meddyg = doctor) + soft mutation + (llyn = liquid)

:_______________________________.

meddygol ‹me DHƏ gol› (adjective)
1
medical

ETYMOLOGY: (meddyg = doctor) + (-ol suffix)

:_______________________________.

meddyliol ‹me DHƏL yol› (adjective)
1
mental
2
cyffro meddyliol mental disturbance

ETYMOLOGY: (meddyl-i- < meddwl = mind) + (-ol suffix)

:_______________________________.

Medi (mis Medi) ‹ME di› ‹miis ME di› (masculine noun)
1
September

mis Medi September (“(the) month (of) September”)

ym mis Medi in September
ar ddechrau mis Medi at the beginning of September
ar ganol mis Medi
in the middle of September, in mid-September
ar ddiwedd mis Medi
at the end of September

bob mis Medi every September


...01
Medi (y cyntaf o Fedi)
the first of September

...02
Medi (yr ail o Fedi)
the second of September

...03
Medi (y trydydd o Fedi)
the third of September

...04
Medi (y pedwerydd o Fedi)
the fourth of September

...05
Medi (y pumed o Fedi)
the fifth of September

...06
Medi (y chweched o Fedi)
the sixth of September

...07
Medi (y seithfed o Fedi)
the seventh of September

...08
Medi (yr wythfed o Fedi)
the eighth of September

(1) Gwyl Eni'r Arglwyddes Fair
(“the) feastday (of) the birth (of) (the) lady Mary”) Nativity of Saint Mary,

(2) Gwyl Fair (“the) feastday (of) Mary”)

(3) Gwyl Fair ym Medi (“the) ‘gwyl Fair’ in September”, the feastday (of) Mary in September)

(4) Gwyl Fair Ddiwethaf (“final ‘gwyl Fair’)

...09
Medi (y nawfed o Fedi)
the ninth of September

...10
Medi (y degfed o Fedi)
the tenth of September

...11
Medi (yr unfed ar ddeg o Fedi)
the eleventh of September

...12
Medi (y deuddegfed o Fedi)
the twelfth of September

...13
Medi (y trydydd ar ddeg o Fedi)
the thirteenth of September

...14
Medi (y pedwerydd ar ddeg o Fedi)
the fourteenth of September
Gwyl y Grog = Holy Cross Day, Holy Rood Day (“the) feastday (of) the cross”)

...15
Medi (y pymthegfed o Fedi)
the fifteenth of September

...16
Medi (yr unfed ar bymtheg o Fedi)
the sixteenth of September

...17
Medi (yr ail ar bymtheg o Fedi)
the seventeenth of September

...18
Medi (y deunawfed o Fedi)
the eighteenth of September
Gwyl y Ddelw Living Image “(the) feastday (of) the image”

...19
Medi (y pedwerydd ar bymtheg o Fedi)
the nineteenth of September

...20
Medi (yr ugeinfed o Fedi)
the twentieth of September

...21
Medi (yr unfed ar hugain o Fedi)
the twenty-first of September
Gwyl Fathew yr Apostol “(the) feastday (of) Matthew the Apostle”

...22
Medi (yr ail ar hugain o Fedi)
the twenty-second of September

...23
Medi (y trydydd ar hugain o Fedi)
the twenty-third of September

...24
Medi (y pedwerydd ar hugain o Fedi)
the twenty-fourth of September

...25
Medi (y pumed ar hugain o Fedi)
the twenty-fifth of September

...26
Medi (y chweched ar hugain o Fedi)
the twenty-sixth of September

...27
Medi (y seithfed ar hugain o Fedi)
the twenty-seventh of September

...28
Medi (yr wythfed ar hugain o Fedi)
the twenty-eighth of September

...29
Medi (y nawfed ar hugain o Fedi)
the twenty-ninth of September
Gwyl Fihangel “(the) feastday (of) Michael Archangel” or
Gwyl Sant Mihangel “(the) feastday (of) Saint Michael Archangel”

...30
Medi (y degfed ar hugain o Fedi)
the thirtieth of September

:_______________________________.

medr me-der ›
masculine noun
PLURAL medrau me -dre›
1
skill, ability, dexterity, capacity
dangos eich medr fel adeiladwr show one’s skill as a builder

Yr oedd yr adeiladwyr wedi dangos eu medr fel adeiladwyr, a'u gwybodaeth wyddonol, wrth drefnu y pen nesaf i'r haul o'r tŷ i fod yn lle i J. R. gadw ei win, ei laeth, a'i ymenyn,
The builders had shown their skill as builders, and their scientific knowledge, in arranging the end of the house nearest the sun to be the place for J. R. to keep his wine, his milk, and his butter


medrau gwael poor skills

 

:_______________________________.

medru ‹ME dri› (verb)
1
be able

2 O’r braidd y medr hi ddarllen She’s scarcely able to read, She can hardly read

:_______________________________.

medrus ‹ME dris› (adjective)
1
skilful

yn fedrus skilfully
H
alier oedd Isaac wrth ei alwedigaeth; ond gallai dori glo yn fedrus
Issac was a haulier by trade, but he was a skilful coal-cutter(“he could cut coal skilfully”)

2 accomplished

:_______________________________.

medrusrwydd ‹me DRIS ruidh› (masculine noun)
1
skilfulness

:_______________________________.

mefl, meflau ‹ME vel, MEV le› (masculine noun)
1
(literary) shame

:_______________________________.

mefus mee -vis› plural
1
(North Wales) strawberries See mefusen

:_______________________________.

mefusbren ‹me- vis -bren› masculine noun
PLURAL mefusbrennau ‹me-vis-bre-ne›
1
(Arbutus unedo) strawberry tree

ETYMOLOGY: (mefus = strawberries) + soft mutation + (pren = tree)

:_______________________________.

mefusen ‹me-vi-sen› feminine noun
PLURAL mefus mee-vis›
North Wales
1
strawberry
y fefusen the strawberry

mefus a hufen strawberries and cream (a bowl of strawberries with clotted cream on top)

Cawson ni fefus a hufen iâ i bwdin We had strawberries and ice cream for pudding / for dessert

salad mefus a chiwcymbr cucumber and strawberry salad.

NOTE: variants: meddusen / meddysen, plural meddus (with dd instead of f)

In the South, another word is in use: syfïen, plural syfi, corresponding to Cornish and Breton forms

ETYMOLOGY: origin unknown; first example in 1300s

:_______________________________.

Mèg ‹MEG› (feminine noun)
1
woman's name Mèg (a diminutive of Marged = Margaret)

:_______________________________.

Megan ‹ME gan› (feminine noun)
1
woman's name (Mèg, a diminutive of Marged = Margaret), (+ -an)

:_______________________________.

megin mee -gin› feminine noun
PLURAL meginau ‹me-gii-ne›
1
bellows = pair of bellows
y fegin the bellows

megin dan draed foot bellows, bellows operated by the feet (Cambrian Journal 1858)

2
lungs, pair of lungs
Y gyfrinach sylfaenol i gantores yw cael megin dda
The fundamental secret for a singer is to have good lungs

3
North Wales Gwasga dy fegin! (“squeeze your bellows / lungs”) Don't let on! Don't say a word! Don't tell a soul!

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British; Cornish megin (= bellows), Breton megin (= bellows); possibly based on an element found in Celtic *mâk (= leather bag)

:_______________________________.

Mehefin ‹me- hee -vin› masculine noun
1
June
mis Mehefin June (“(the) month (of) June”)

ym mis Mehefin in June
ar ddechrau mis Mehefin at the beginning of June
ar ganol mis Mehefin
in the middle of June, in mid-June
ar ddiwedd mis Mehefin
at the end of June

bob mis Mehefin every June


yr ail o Fehefin the second of June, June the second
Mehefin yr ail June the second, the second of June

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Mehefin < *Meihefin < British *medio-sâmîn-os (“mid” + “summer”). Cf Welsh haf (= summer) < sâm-

From the same British root: Cornish medh- (= half), Breton Mezheven, Even (= June);

In the Hibernian languages, Irish: Meitheamh (= June)

...01
Mehefin (y cyntaf o Fehefin)
the first of June

...02
Mehefin (yr ail o Fehefin)
the second of June

...03
Mehefin (y trydydd o Fehefin)
the third of June

...04
Mehefin (y pedwerydd o Fehefin)
the fourth of June

...05
Mehefin (y pumed o Fehefin)
the fifth of June

...06
Mehefin (y chweched o Fehefin)
the sixth of June

...07
Mehefin (y seithfed o Fehefin)
the seventh of June

...08
Mehefin (yr wythfed o Fehefin)
the eighth of June

...09
Mehefin (y nawfed o Fehefin)
the ninth of June

...10
Mehefin (y degfed o Fehefin)
the tenth of June

...11
Mehefin (yr unfed ar ddeg o Fehefin)
the eleventh of June
Gwyl Fárnabas (“the) feastday (of) Barnabas”)

...12
Mehefin (y deuddegfed o Fehefin)
the twelfth of June

...13
Mehefin (y trydydd ar ddeg o Fehefin)
the thirteenth of June

...14
Mehefin (y pedwerydd ar ddeg o Fehefin)
the fourteenth of June

...15
Mehefin (y pymthegfed o Fehefin)
the fifteenth of June

...16
Mehefin (yr unfed ar bymtheg o Fehefin)
the sixteenth of June
Gwyl Gurig (“the) feastday (of) Curig”)

...17
Mehefin (yr ail ar bymtheg o Fehefin)
the seventeenth of June

...18
Mehefin (y deunawfed o Fehefin)
the eighteenth of June

...19
Mehefin (y pedwerydd ar bymtheg o Fehefin)
the nineteenth of June

...20
Mehefin (yr ugeinfed o Fehefin)
the twentieth of June

...21
Mehefin (yr unfed ar hugain o Fehefin)
the twenty-first of June

...22
Mehefin (yr ail ar hugain o Fehefin)
the twenty-second of June

...23
Mehefin (y trydydd ar hugain o Fehefin)
the twenty-third of June

...24
Mehefin (y pedwerydd ar hugain o Fehefin)
the twenty-fourth of June

Gwyl Ioan Fedyddiwr (“the) feastday (of) John (the) Baptist”) or
Gwyl Ifan yr Haf (“the) ‘gwyl Ifan’ (of) the summer”, the feastday (of) John in the summer) (to differentiate it from the feast of St John on December the twenty-seventh)

...25
Mehefin (y pumed ar hugain o Fehefin)
the twenty-fifth of June

...26
Mehefin (y chweched ar hugain o Fehefin)
the twenty-sixth of June

...27
Mehefin (y seithfed ar hugain o Fehefin)
the twenty-seventh of June

...28
Mehefin (yr wythfed ar hugain o Fehefin)
the twenty-eighth of June

...29
Mehefin (y nawfed ar hugain o Fehefin)
the twenty-ninth of June
Gwyl Bedr a Phawl (“the) feastday (of) Peter and Paul”)

...30
Mehefin (y degfed ar hugain o Fehefin)
the thirtieth of June

:_______________________________.

meheryn ‹me HE rin› (plural noun)
1
rams; see maharen

:_______________________________.

mei- mei
1
element meaning ‘half, middle’. See meidd-

:_______________________________.

meibion meib -yon›
1
plural of mab = son; man
côr meibion male-voice choir (“choir (of) men”)

:_______________________________.

Meic ‹MEIK› (masculine noun)
1
Mike

:_______________________________.

meichiau meikh -ye› masculine noun
PLURAL meichiafon ‹mei-chi-aa-von›
1
bail, surety
sefyll yn feichiau dros to stand surety for, give security as a guarantee that an obligation will be met that will be forfeited if it is not; act as agents who will make sure that a commitment will be observed

Mae'r Eglwys Wladol yn gosod pwys mawr ar fedydd, - dywed fod rhyw gyfnewidiad gwyrthiol yn cymeryd lle drwy'r ordinhad, a mynna gael tad a mam bedydd i sefyll yn feichiau dros y baban bach.
The state church attaches great importance to baptism – it says that a miraculous change takes places through this religious observance, and insists on having a godfather and godmother to stand surety for the little baby

ETYMOLOGY: meichiau is the plural form of mach (= hostage; guarantee, security for a loan)

:_______________________________.

meidd- meidh
1
‘middle, half’.
Meidd- does not exist in Welsh as an independent word,
but it occurs (without the final ‘dd’) (mei-, me-) in some compound words.

(1) Mehefin (= June) < *mei-hefin < *meidd-hefin < British *medio-samîn-os (cf Irish Meitheamh = June)

(2) Meifod: Possibly in the place name Meifod ‘half house, lodging’ < *meiddfod (meidd- = half) + soft mutation + (bod = house); the same idea is to be seen in llety ‘half house, lodging’ < lléd-dy (lled = mig) + soft mutation + (ty = house);

(3) meigoed: This obsolete word (meaning uncertain, but proabably ‘small trees’) is possibly originally meiddgoed (from coed = trees)

There is at least one neologism with mei-
(4) e.g. the musical term meidon (= mediant);
(mei- = half) + soft mutation + (ton = tone);

ETYMOLOGY: Meidd- is from Celtic medio-
In the modern Hibernian languages, Irish has = half
(The Celtic word medio- is related to Latin medius = half, middle, in Catalan as mig = half, middle).

This element medio- is seen in various Celtic place names some of which have survived until today in some form or other. For example Medio-lan- (‘middle land’), Latinised as ‘Mediolanum’.

....(1) The name of the Roman settlement at Whitchurch, Shropshire, England,
....(2) The Roman name of the place at Cae Gaer (SN8281) 6km south-east of Pumlumon mountain, mid-Wales

It was also the original name of the following places:
....(3) Medelingen (Mosel, Germany),
....(4) Meilen (Zürich, Switzerland),
....(5) Milan / Milano (Italy)
....(6) Chateaumeillant (Cher, France) (= Mediolanum Biturigum)

:_______________________________.

Meifod mei -vod› feminine noun
1
Meifod SJ1513 locality in the district of Maldwyn (county of Powys)
.....(1) a parish at this place
.....(2) seat on Cyngor Sir Powys (the county council)

2 Y Feifod (English name: Vivod)
.....(1) SJ 191423 Victorian house 2km west of Llangollen and hamlet

.....(2) location noted in a list of Llangollen area street names (postcode: LL20 7LU) at Ffynnon-las 2km south-west-west of Llangollen

.....(3) Plas yn Feifod address of the executor of a will in the year 1869 (“Richard Ellerton of Plas-yn-Vivod, Llangollen, Denbigh”)
”Y Plas yn y Feifod” = (the place called) Y Plas (situated) in Y Fefiod”

(plas = mansion)

.....(4) On English-language maps there is “Vivod Mountain”, 4km sww of Llangollen, which is surely a translation of the Welsh name, which would be Mynydd y Feifod

3
Meifod township in Abergele SH9477, in parish of Llan-sain-siôr (county of Dinbych)

4
Meifod township in the parish of Llanrhaeadr yng Nghinmeirch SJ0863 (county of Dinbych)

Nantmeifod SH9773 A farm by Y Glasgoed, county of Dinbych

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH9773 map

5 SH8576 locality in the county of Conwy

6
Gwernfeifod farm in Llanrhaeadr ym Mochnant SJ1225 (county of Dinbych)

< “gwern y feifod” “swamp of the ‘half-house’” (gwern = alder swamp)

8
Meifod Isaf, Meifod Uchaf farms in the parish of Llanenddwyn, county of Gwynedd

ETYMOLOGY: Possibly ‘half house, lodging’ < *meidd-fod (meidd- = half) + soft mutation + (bod = place; house).

The same idea is to be seen in llety ‘half house, lodging’ < lled-dy (lled = mig) + soft mutation + (ty = house);

Another suggestion, though less likely, is that ‘meifod’ = summer farmstead (mei- penult form of Mai = month of May) + soft mutation + (bod = place; house), since removal to the highland pastures began traditionally on Calan Mai, the first day of May.

Such a name would be similar to hafod (= summer pasture, summer farm) (haf = summer) + soft mutation + (bod = place; house);
:_______________________________.

Meigion ‹MEIG-yon›
1
Onennau Meigion ‹o-NE-nai, -e, MEIG-yon› locality on the border of Shropshire and Staffordshire – the neighbouring villages of Six Ashes (Shropshire) SO7988 and Four Ashes (Staffordshire) SO8087
7525_onennau_meigion_six_ashes_four_ashes_090516
(delwedd 7525)


7436_map_llwyd_cymru_LLIW_onennau_meigion_090314
(delwedd 7436)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/307996 Six Ashes
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1223377 FourAshes
In the Triparte Indenture of (28 February 1405) (an agreement between the three noblemen Owain Glwn-dŵr (the ‘Tywysog’ (ruler) of Wales), Henry Percy (First Earl of Northumberland), and Edmund Mortimer (son-in-law of Owain Glyn Dŵr, and cousin of the English king Henry IV), the English king Henry IV would be deposed and the island of Britain below Scotland would be divided into three, with Northern and Midland England for Percy, Southern England for Mortimer, and a larger Wales (incorporating lands to the east which had been lost some centuries earlier to English control and settlement).
The land which would Glyn-dŵr would rule was defined as being (in updated English) “the whole of Cambria of Wales divided from Loegria now commonly called England by the following borders, limits, and bounds: from the Severn estuary as the River Severn flows from the sea as far as the northern gate of the city of Worcester; from that gate directly to the ash trees known in Cambrian or Welsh language as Onennau Meigion which grow on the high road from Bridgnorth to Kinver; then directly along the highway... to the head or source of the River Trent; thence to the head or source of the river commonly known as the Mersey and so along to the sea.
(Information from wikipedia, 2009-05-19, Tripartite Indenture)


ETYMOLOGY: “Meigion’s ash trees” “(the) ash trees (of) Meigion”
(onennau = ash trees, plural on onnen = ash tree) + (Meigion)

:_______________________________.

meillionen, meillion ‹mei lhi O nen, mei LHI on› (feminine noun)
1
clover leaf;
y feillionen the clover leaf

2
meillion = clover

3
Cilgant y Meillion name of a street in Rhws (county of Bro Morgannwg)
(“(the) crescent (of) the clover”)

 

4 Woman’s name (rare)

:_______________________________.

meiner MEIN-er masculine noun
PLURAL meineriaid, meiners ‹mein-ER-yaid, -yed; MEIN-ers
1
miner

 

THE HISTORY OF THE PARISH OF LLANGURIG / EDWARD HAMER, Esq., and H. W. LLOYD, Esq. / 1875. 
CEFN-BRWYN, the rushy ridge, a f[arm]. of 65 ac[res]., t.p. [township] Llanifynu, lately purchased by Sir W. W. Wynn. A lead mine has lately been discovered upon this farm; it is called Dôl-miner. 

 

ETYMOLOGY: English miner

:_______________________________.

meingefn mein -gevn› masculine noun
PLURAL meingefnau ‹mein- gev -ne›
1
small of the back

2 spine, backbone (usually: asgwrn cefn)
(Bible) milgi cryf yn ei feingefn strong-spined greyhound

Diarhebion 30:31 Milgi cryf yn ei feingefn, a bwch, a brenin, yr hwn ni chyfyd neb yn ei erbyn.
Proverbs 30:31 A greyhound; an he goat also; and a king, against whom there is no rising up.

3
(book) (USA: backbone) (Englandic: spine)

ETYMOLOGY: (mein-, penult form of main = slender) + soft mutation + (cefn = back)

:_______________________________.

meinir mei -nir› adjective
1
(obsolete) tall and slender

2
(feminine noun) in medieval poetry = beautiful young woman, fair maiden; girl, sweetheart
y feinir = the fair maid

ETYMOLOGY: meinir < méin-hir (mein- penult form of main = slender, slim, thin) + (hir = tall, long)

:_______________________________.

Meinir ‹mei -nir feminine noun
1
woman's name

ETYMOLOGY: See meinir

:_______________________________.

meinwe mein –we› feminine noun
PLURAL meinweoedd ‹mein-we-odh›
1
tissue = aggregate of cells

y feinwe the tissue
meinwe bloneg adipose tissue
meinwe craith scar tissue
meinwe feithrin tissue culture, tissue formed in a culture
meinwe greithiol scar tissue
meinwe gyhyrol muscular tissue
meinwe gyswllt connective tissue
meithrin meinwe process of forming tissue in a culture

2
gauze = loosely woven cotton fabric used as a dressing for wounds or incisions made during surgery

ETYMOLOGY: (mein-, penult form of main = slender) + soft mutation + (gwe = web, something woven)

:_______________________________.

meinwen mein -wen› feminine noun
PLURAL meinwennod ‹mein-we-nod›
1
maiden
y feinwen the maiden

Dacw'r feinwen hoenus fanwl, Beth wyf well heb gael ei meddwl
Over there is the beautiful lively maiden, how does it benefit me not to have her mindful of me (“what am I better without her mind”)
From the folk song Dacw nghariad i lawr yn y berllan (Over there down in the orchard is my sweetheart)

ETYMOLOGY: < meinwen (adjective) (= slim and fair) < (mein-, penult form of main = slender) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white, fair, beautiful)

:_______________________________.

meinwych mein -wikh› adjective
1
slender and fine

In Llyfr Eseia / the Book of Isaiah:
(3:18) Yn y dydd hwnnw y tyn yr ARGLWYDD ymaith addurn yr esgidiau, y rhwydwaith hefyd, a'r lloerawg wisgoedd
Isaiah (3:18) In that day the Lord will take away the bravery of their tinkling ornaments about their feet, and their cauls, and their round tires like the moon,

(3:19) Y cadwyni, a'r breichladau, a'r moledau,
(3:19) The chains, and the bracelets, and the mufflers,

(3:20) Y penguwch, ac addurn y coesau, a'r ysnodennau, a'r dwyfronegau, a'r clustlysau
(3:20) The bonnets, and the ornaments of the legs, and the headbands, and the tablets, and the earrings,

(3:21) Y modrwyau, ac addurn y trwyn,
(3:21) The rings, and nose jewels,

(3:22) Y gwisgoedd symudliw, a'r mentyll, a'r misyrnau, a'r crychnodwyddau
(3:22) The changeable suits of apparel, and the mantles, and the wimples, and the crisping pins,

(3:23) Y drychau hefyd, a'r lliain meinwych, a'r cocyllau, a'r gynau
(3:23) The glasses, and the fine linen, and the hoods, and the veils.

ETYMOLOGY: (mein-, penult form of main = slender) + soft mutation + (gwych = splendid)

:_______________________________.

meiri ‹MEI ri› (plural noun)
1
mayors; plural of maer

:_______________________________.

Meirion 1 meir -yon› masculine noun
1
Man's name. The short form is Mei mei. The name was revived in the 1800s and 1900s.
Used in Early Welsh, it has survived incorporated in place names – as “Marion” in Llanfarion (old name of a village on the island of Môn, now Llangadwaladr), and in particular Meirionnydd, 'the territory of Meirion', now part of the county of Gwynedd. Colloquially, this district is known by the short form Meirion, and this has become, especially in the 1900s, a male name (often there is a direct connection with the area of Meirionnydd). ;

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Meirion < Meiriawn < British < Latin Mariân(us)

:_______________________________.

Meirion 2 meir -yon› feminine noun
1
colloquial form for Sir Feirionnydd

2
Meirionnydd part of the county of Gwynedd which was formerly Sir Feirionnydd

3
Coleg Meirion-Dwyfor tertiary education college in Gwynedd (“college (of the districts of) Meirion (and) Dwyfor”)

4
There are rare instances of Meirion as a woman's name in the modern period; normally though it would be the equally rare Meiriona, with a final -a to distinguish it from the male name

:_______________________________.

Meiriona ‹meir- yoo -na› feminine noun
1
woman's name

ETYMOLOGY: (Meirion, male name) + (-a suffix for forming feminine nouns)

:_______________________________.

Meirionnydd ‹mei-ri- o -nidh› feminine noun
1
(a) This was an independent district until the 800s;
(b) it was incorporated as a “cantref” (division of a country) into Gwynedd,
(c) later into Powys,
(d) and in 1123 it was again part of Gwynedd.
(e) With the successful English invasion of north-west Wales, under the Statute of Rhuddlan (1284) and the imposition of an English administrative pattern it became the basis of a county 'Merionethshire' (Sir Feirionnydd), through the addition of the neighbouring cantref of Penllyn and the kumuds of Ardudwy and Edeirnion.
(f) With the annexation of Wales to England in 1536 and the division of the whole of the country into shires, some changes were made to the existing shires, and the kumud of Mawddwy was added to Merionethshire

2
for twenty-three years (1974-1997) a district in Gwynedd, with its administrative centre in Dolgellau.
Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 71% (1981)

3
The English form is ‘Merioneth’ ‹me-ri-o-nəth› or ‘Merionethshire’. Early Welsh settlers from the area to Pennsylvania gave this English form of the name (Merioneth) to one of the settlements; later the name was reduced to Merion.


(In Welsh Meironydd is often reduced to Meirion as a fond name; and this has also become a male forename. The reduction to Merion in Pennsylvania may have had something to do with this, if this short form ‘Meirion’ in Welsh goes back that far)
See Sir Feirionnydd

ETYMOLOGY: (Meirion = Marianus) + (-ydd suffix indicating ‘territoriy).
Although etymologically a single ‘n’ would be more correct (Meirionydd) it is written with a ‘nn’ in modern Welsh (Meirionnydd) (in either case the pronunciation is the same)

:_______________________________.

Meirionwen ‹meir YON wen› (feminine noun)
1
woman's name;

ETYMOLOGY: (Man's name Meirion = Marianus, originally esxtracted from the district or county Meiorionydd “territory of Marianus”) + (-wen, suffix for forming female names)

:_______________________________.

meirw mei -ru›
1
plural of marw (adj) = dead
2
used as a noun = dead people
y byw a’r meirw the quick and the dead
Noswyl y Meirw Eve of All Souls Day (the evening of November 1, All Souls being on November 2)

:_______________________________.

Meirwen ‹MEIR wen› (feminine noun)
1
woman's name = 'blessed Mary'
:_______________________________.

Meirwyn ‹MEIR win› (m)
1
male forename

ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (Meir- first syllable of Meirion ) + (-wyn suffix for male names, soft-muated form of gwyn = white; fair)

:_______________________________.

Meisgyn mei -skin› feminine noun
1
medieval divison (‘cwmwd’, ‘commote’) of the ‘kántrev’ (or district) of Penychen, in south-east Wales

2
(ST0498) locality in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf, south-east Wales
The English call it “Miskin”, which is in fact the traditional local pronunciation in Welsh.

Population: 4,070 (1961); 3,510 (1971)
Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 12% (1961); 5% (1971)

3
Waun Meisgyn (= “Gwaun Meisgyn”), near Meisgyn (= the moor of Meisgyn). The English call it ‘Miskin Meadow’.

ETYMOLOGY: ??
NOTE: In the south, penultimate ei becomes i, hence Misgyn, the origin of the English form “Miskin”

:_______________________________.

meistr, meistri ‹MEI stir, MEI stri› (masculine noun)
1
master = teacher

2 master = employer

3 master in some compound forms

haearnfeistr, haearnfeistri ‹hei-ARN-vei-stir, heu-arn-VEI-stri› ironmaster, owner of an ironworks
'iron master' (haearn = iron) + soft mutation + (meistr = master)

postfeistr, postfeistri
‹POST vei st
ər, post VEI stri› postmaster
'post master' (post = post) + soft mutation + (meistr = master)

porthfeistr, porthfeistri ‹PORTH veis tir, porth VEI stri› harbourmaster
'port master' (port = port) + soft mutation + (meistr = master)

puteinfeistr, puteinfeistri ‹pi-TEIN-vei-stir, pi-tein-VEI-stri› pimp, whoremaster
‘prostitute master’ (putain = prostitue) + soft mutation + (meistr = master)

:_______________________________.

meistri ‹mei -stri›
1
masters; Messrs; see meistr

:_______________________________.

meistres, meistresi ‹MEI stres, mei STRE si› (feminine noun)
1
mistress = teacher
y feistres the mistress
2 mistress = employer

:_______________________________.

meithrin ‹MEI thrin› (verb)
1
to nurse, nurture, educate, raise

:_______________________________.

meitin mei -tin› masculine noun
1
obsolete morning

2
ers meitin North Wales for a while (today), South Wales for a while (= for days, for weeks)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh meitin < British *matîn < Latin mat'tîn < matutîn < mâtûtîn
From the same British root: Cornish mitin (= morning), Breton mintin (= morning)
In Hibernian Celtic (from Latin): Irish maidin (= morning)

:_______________________________.

mêl ‹MEEL› (masculine noun)
1
honey

2
hel mêl i’r cwch feather one’s nest = make oneself comfortable financially (ignoring the well-being of others); be on the fiddle (“gather honey to the hive”)

3
Maen nhw mor wahanol â mêl a menyn They’re as different as chalk and cheese (“as different as honey and butter”)

4
Nid hawdd tynnu mêl o faen You can’t get blood out of a stone (“it is not easy to get honey from a stone”)

5
Y Felallt (SJ5458) Welsh name for the village of Beeston, Cheshire, England; 4km south of Tarporley
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (melallt honey hill): (mêl = honey) + (allt = hill)

6
gwlad sy’n llifeirio o laeth â mêl a land flowing with milk and honey , a place of abundance and contentment
Exodus
3:8 A mi a ddisgynnais i'w gwaredu hwy o law yr Eifftiaid, ac i'w dwyn o'r wlad honno i wlad dda a helaeth, i wlad yn llifeirio o laeth a mêl; i le y Canaaneaid, a'r Hethiaid, a'r Amoriaid, a'r Pheresiaid, yr Hefiaid hefyd, a'r Jebusiaid.
Exodus 3:8 And I am come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that land unto a good land and a large, unto a land flowing with milk and honey; unto the place of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites.

Exodus
33:2 A mi a anfonaf angel o'th flaen di, ac a yrraf allan y Canaanead, yr Amoriad, a'r Hethiad, y Pheresiad, yr Hefiad, a'r Jebusiad: (33:3) I wlad yn llifeirio o laeth â mel: oherwydd nid af fi i fyny yn dy blith; oblegid pobl wargaled wyt: rhag i mi dy ddifa ar y ffordd.
Èxode
33:2 And I will send an angel before thee; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite: (33:3) Unto a land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up in the midst of thee; for thou art a stiffnecked people: lest I consume thee in the way.

7
mêl ar eich bysedd (“honey on your fingers”) music to one’s ears (in expressing Schadenfreude, or one’s delight in or satisfaction at the misfortune of somebody else)
Mêl ar ei fysedd fu clywed fod llwynog wedi lladd bob un o ieir Jac Tyn-y-wern
It was wonderful to hear that a fox had killed every one of Jac (of) Tyn-y-wern (farm)’s chickens

8
terfel (obsolete) refined honey (têr + soft mutation + mêl = honey)

9
Sayings:
Tri enllyn iechyd: mêl, ymenyn a llaeth The three companages for health are honey, butter and milk

10 Gl
ɥn-y-mêl ‹glin ə MEEL› “honey valley”

(glyn = valley) + (y definite article) + (mêl = honey)


Street name in Pen-coed (Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

:_______________________________.

’mela me la › (verb)
1 colloquial form of ymhela < ymhél (qv)
ymhél â (rhywbeth) become involved with

:_______________________________.

’melach me lakh › (verb)
1 colloquial form of ymhelach < ymhél (qv)
ymhél â (rhywbeth) become involved with

:_______________________________.

melaidd mee-ledh› adj
1 sweet, honey-like

ETYMOLOGY: (mêl = honey) + (-aidd suffix for forming nouns indicating the content or capacity of a container )

:_______________________________.

melen mee -len› adj
1
This is the feminine form of melyn = yellow. Usually found in the soft-mutated form felen after a feminine noun, especially in place names.

(1) Y Gellifelen ‹ə ge-lhi- vee -len› SO 2111 locality in the district of Brycheiniog in the county of Powys
“the yellow wood” (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (celli = wood) + soft mutation + (melen, feminine form of melyn = yellow)

(2) Ffosfelen street name in Tre-gwyr, Abertawe
y ffos felen = the yellow ditch (ffos = ditch) + soft mutation + (melen)

:_______________________________.

melfed ‹MEL ved› (masculine noun)
1
velvet

:_______________________________.

Melfyn ‹MEL vin› (masculine noun)
1
man's name

:_______________________________.

melin PLURAL melinau ‹ME lin, me LI ne› (feminine noun)
1
mill
y felin the mill

2
fel clap y felin (also fel clap melin) (said of a talkative person)
..a/ fel clap y felin “like (the) clack (of) the mill”
..b/ fel clap melin “like (a / the) clack (of a) mill”

3 Parcyfelin locality in the county of Caerffili
“(the) field (of) the mill” (parc = field) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (melin = mill)

4 ffrwd fâl millstream, millrace
Ffrwd-fâl mansion in the parish of Cynwyl Gaeo (county of Caerfyrddin)

5 ffrwd felin millstream, millrace
ffrwd y felin the millstream, the millrace

siarad fel ffrwd y felin talk non-stop, talk incessantly, prattle on (“talk like the millstream”)

6
melin law hand mill, quern (= primitive mill for grinding grain where the upper grindstone is turned by hand). (An upper grindstone is placed on a slightly smaller lower grindstone which has a central pivot. A stick is placed in a hole on the edge of the upper grindstone. This is turned round – for ease of operation usually by two people, one sitting on either side, and the grain is poured into it through an opening in the centre.

Matthew 24: 41:
Dwy a fydd yn malu mewn melin – un a gymerir a’r llall a adewir
(King James Bib le) Two women shall be grinding at the mill; the one shall be taken and the other left
(Weymouth New Testament: There will be two women turning the mill together: one will be taken away and the other left behind.)

Dôlymelinau, Tregynon Powys SO0999 “(the) meadow (of) the mills” (?= millstones)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/553395

8 melin ddŵr, melinau dŵr water mill

9 mill = factory (since the mill was a familiar mechanical device used in production, the word became generic in English for a factory – hence cotton mill, steel mill, paper mill. This usage was imitated in Welsh, hence
melin gotwm / cotton mill, melin ddur / steel mill, melin bapur / paper mill.)

:_______________________________.

melin bapur mee-lin ba-pir› feminine noun
PLURAL melinau papur ‹me-lii-ne pa-pir›
1
paper mill
“Paper Mill Road”, a street in Caer-dydd, would be Heol y Felin Bapur in Welsh

ETYMOLOGY: (melin = mill, factory) + soft mutation + (papur = paper)

:_______________________________.

Melinclydach me-lin klə-dakh›
1
(“(the) mill (of the stream) Clydach (Isaf)”)
Another name for Melin-cwrt (SN8101) locality of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan 10km north-east of Castell-nedd at the confluence of the Clydach Isaf stream (“Melin Court Brook”) and the river Nedd

ETYMOLOGY: (melin = mill) + (Clydach stream name)

:_______________________________.

Melin-cwrt me-lin kurt
1
(SN8101) locality of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan 10km north-east of Castell-nedd at the confluence of the Clydach Isaf stream (“Melin Court Brook”) and the river Nedd
Also: Melinclydach (“(the) mill (of the stream) Clydach (Isaf)”)

ETYMOLOGY: Melin-cwrt < Melin-y-cwrt (In place names, the linking definite article frequently is lost) (“the) mill (of) the court”)
(melin = mill) + (y definite article) + (cwrt = court)

The Englished form “Melincourt / Melin Court” misleadingly suggests a form with an English word order meaning “the court called Melin”!

:_______________________________.

melin eithin mee-lin ei-thin› feminine noun
PLURAL melinau eithin ‹me-lii-ne ei-thin›
1
machine for crushing gorse for animal feed

ETYMOLOGY: (melin = mill) + (eithin = gorse)

:_______________________________.

melinffrwd ‹me-lin-frud›
feminine noun
1 (literary compound word) millstream, millrace

The usual form is
..a/ ffrwd felin millstream, millrace
..b/ ffrwd y felin the millstream, the millrace

Y Felinffrwd street name in Caerffili (misspelt as if two words – “Y Felin Ffrwd”). Street names resembling house names / farm names / village names should really be spelt as a single word, as if a habitative name

ETYMOLOGY: (melin = mill) + (ffrwd = stream)

:_______________________________.

melin flawd mee-lin vlaud feminine noun
PLURAL melinau blawd ‹me-lii-ne blaud
1
flour mill

ETYMOLOGY: (melin = mill) + soft mutation + (blawd = flour)

:_______________________________.

melin wynt, melinau gwynt ‹ME lin WINT, me LI ne GWINT› (feminine noun)
1
windmill

:_______________________________.

melin wlân mee-lin wlaan feminine noun
PLURAL melinau gwlân ‹me-lii-ne gwlaan
1
(American: woolen mill) (Englandic: woollen mill)
Siop Felin Wlân Penmachno

(the) shop (of) (the) woolen mill (of) Penmachno

:_______________________________.

Melin-y-cwrt me-lin ə kurt
1
(SN8101) locality of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan 10km north-east of Castell-nedd at the confluence of the Clydach Isaf stream (“Melin Court Brook”) and the river Nedd
See Melin-cwrt

:_______________________________.

mellten, mellt ‹MELH ten, MELHT› (feminine noun)
1
(North Wales; standard) flash of lightning (in South Wales, this is: llucheden)
y fellten the lightning flash

2
mellt a tharanau
‹melht a tha RA ne› thunder and lightning ('lightning and thunder' in Welsh - a more logical order, perhaps! As in Catalan - llamps i trons)

:_______________________________.

melltith, melltithion ‹MELH tith, melh TITH yon› (feminine noun)
1
curse, malediction
y felltith the curse

2 cause of trouble, badly-behaved child

Am felltith weles i ddim o’i debyg e I’ve never seen such a badly-behaved boy before (“for a badly-behaved boy I never saw anything of his like of-him”)

2 (after a noun) felltith damned, bloody, goddam
y gath felltith that bloody cat
y ddynes felltith that bloody woman
yr ast felltith that goddam bitch
y plismon felltith that goddam cop / policeman

:_______________________________.

melyn ‹ME lin› (adjective)
1
yellow

2
Nid aur popeth melyn All that glitters is not gold (“(it is) not gold everything yellow”)

3
ffawydden felen (district of Arfon, county of Gwynedd) = yellow pine ('yellow beech')

4 colour of flowers
pabi corniog melyn (Glaucum flavum) round prickly-headed poppy (“yellow horned poppy”)

5
brithfelyn (horse) dapple bay
(brith = speckled, dappled) + soft mutation + (melyn = yellow)

6
helygen felen (helyg melyn)
(Salix alba ssp. vitellina) golden willow. More usually: helygen euraidd

7 the colour of death personified
yr Angau melyn Death (“the yellow death”)

:_______________________________.

melyn ‹mee-lin› masculine noun
PLURAL melynion ‹me-lən-yon›
1
something yellow

2
melyn wy the yolk of an egg, egg yolk (“yellow (part) (of) egg”)

3
yellow bird
..1/ melyn yr eithin (qv) Emberiza citrinella = yellowhammer

4
yellow flower
..1/ melyn Mair (“yellow (flower) (of) (the Virgin) Mary”) Calendula officinalis marigold, garden marigold


..2/ melyn y gors (qv) (“yellow (flower) (of) the marsh”) Caltha palustris marsh marigold

(melyn = yellow flower) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (cors = marsh, bog)

 

Melyn-y-gors Name of a street in Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg) (splet ‘Melyn y Gors’)


7911_caltha-palustris_melyn-y-gors_120925

(delwedd 7911)

 

..3/ melyn y gwanwyn (“yellow (flower) (of) the spring”) Ranunculus ficarialesser celandine; alternative name for llygad Ebrill (“eye (of) April”)

5
yellow butterfly
..1/ melyn y rhafnwydd (qv) = brimstone butterfly

ETYMOLOGY: See melyn adjective

:_______________________________.

melynboeth ‹me- lən -boith› adj
1 yellow-hot, orange-hot (the stage intermediate between red-hot and white-hot in heating metals)
2 yellow and hot

tywod melynboeth yr Aifft hot yellow sand of Egypt
ETYMOLOGY: (melyn = yellow) + soft mutation + ( poeth = hot)

:_______________________________.

melyngoch ‹me- lən -gokh› adjective
1
yellowy red; orange

2
(North-west Wales) auburn (hair)
ei gwallt yn donnau melyngoch her hair in auburn waves

3
amber

4
sandy

5
(skin) red (supposed skin colour of native Americans)

ETYMOLOGY: (melyn-, penult form of melyn = yellow) + soft mutation + (coch = red)

:_______________________________.

melynwyn ‹me- lən -win› adjective
1
yellowish white
2
gwallt melynwyn ash-blond hair

ETYMOLOGY: (melyn-, penult form of melyn = yellow) + soft mutation + (gwyn = white)

:_______________________________.

melyn y rhafnwydd mee-lin ə hravn-widh› masculine noun
PLURAL melynion y rhafnwydd ‹me-lən-yon ə hravn-widh›
1
(“(the) yellow (butterfly) (of) the buckthorns”) Gonepteryx rhamni (= brimstone butterfly)

:_______________________________.

melyn y gors me-lin ə gors masculine noun
1
(Caltha palustris) marsh marigold
Melyn-y-gors street name in Y Barri (county of Bro Morgannwg) (spelt officially “Melyn y Gors”)

ETYMOLOGY: ("yellow (flower) (of) the marsh")
(melyn = yellow flower) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (cors = marsh, bog)

:_______________________________.

melyn yr eithin mee-lin ər ei-thin› masculine noun
PLURAL melynion yr eithin ‹me-lən-yon ər ei-thin›
1
Emberiza citrinella = yellowhammer; alternative name for bras melyn

ETYMOLOGY: yellow (bird) (of) the gorse

:_______________________________.

melys ‹ME lis› (adjective)
1
sweet

melys gofio sweet remembrance

2 (Castanea sativa) castan felys PLURAL castanau melys sweet chestnut (fruit)
y gastan felys the sweet chestnut

:_______________________________.

melysu ‹me- -si› verb
1 (verb with an object) sweeten

ETYMOLOGY: (melys = sweet) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

melysydd ‹me--sidh › masculine noun
PLURAL melysyddion ‹me-lə-sədh-yon›
1
sweetener = something, such as sugar, added to a food to make it taste sweeter

ETYMOLOGY: (melys- form of the penultimate syllable of melys = sweet) + (-ydd suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

memrwn mem -run› masculine noun
PLURAL memrynau ‹mem--ne›
1
(county of Ceredigion and South–east Wales) dewlap
Tir Iarll, south-east Wales: mamrwn

ETYMOLOGY: Apparently from Latin membrum (= member, limb) (a learnèd loan Latin > Welsh, rather than a popular loan Latin > British > Welsh). Change of final m- > n-.

:_______________________________.

memrwn mem -run› masculine noun
PLURAL memrynau ‹mem--ne›
1
parchment = material

2
parchment = manuscript
Timotheus-2 4:13 Y cochl a adewais i yn Nhroas gyda Carpus, pan ddelych, dwg gyda thi, a’r llyfrau, yn enwedig y memrwn.
Timothy-2 4:13 The cloak that I left at Troas with Carpus, when thou comest, bring with thee, and the books, but especially the parchments.

3
vellum (skin of a sheep / goat / calf treated to make material for writing on)

4
(adjective) made of parchment

5
(adjective) written on parchment

ETYMOLOGY: First example in the 1300s (“o venrvn” = o femrwn). Apparently from Latin membrâna (= skin, membrane), later confused with memrwn (= breast, chest; dewlap) < Latin membrum (= member of the body, limb).
Modern Irish has meamram (= parchment)

:_______________________________.

men men feminine noun
PLURAL menni, mennau me-ni, -ne›
1
obsolete cart
y fen the cart
Eseia 28:27 Canys nid ag og y dynrir ffacbys, ac ni throir olwyn men ar gwmin; eithr dyrnir facbys â ffon, a chwmin â gwialen
Isaiah 28:27 For the fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument, neither is a cart wheel turned about on the cummin; but the fitches are beaten out with a staff, and the cummin with a rod

2
Pont-rhyd-y-fen
SS7994 locality in the county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan
“(the) bridge (by) [the ford called] Rhyd y Fen”, “the Rhyd y Fen bridge”
(pont = bridge). Rhyd y Fen is “(the) ford (of) the cart” (rhyd = ford) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (ben = cart)

3
mendy (qv) carthouse
(men = cart) + soft mutation + ( = house)

ETYMOLOGY: variant of ben (= cart), with changed initial consonant. There are other examples of this change b > m (the confusion probably because the soft-mutated form of both ‹m› and ‹b› is ‹v› “f”)
..1/ Manon (woman's name, 'princess') < Banon,
..2/ mainc (= bench) < bainc,
..3/ menthyg (= loan) < benthyg,
..4/ menyw (= woman) < benyw,
..5/ modfedd (= inch) < bodfedd,
..6/ mwydyn (= earthworm) < bwydyn < abwydyn

:_______________________________.

Menai mee -nai› feminine noun
1
(SH5167) Afon Menai = strait in Gwynedd, between Môn and Arfon
y Fenai the Menai (strait)
mynd am dro i lawr at y Fenai go for a walk down to the Menai
Also Afon Fenai

2
Menai woman's name (from the name of the strait)

3
(History) division ('cwmwd') of Rhosyr

4
Minmenai / Min Menai street name in Bangor (“(the) bank (of the) Menai (strait)”)

5
Gwelfenai view of the Menai Strait
Street name in Niwbwrch, county of Môn
(gwêl = view) + soft mutation + (Menai = name of a strait)

6 Rhydyfenai (“Rhyd y Fenai”) (“(the) ford (of) the Menai”) Street name in Y Felinheli (county of Gwynedd)

7 Trefenai (“(the) village (by) (the) Menai”) Street name in Brynsiencyn (county of Ynys Môn)

:_______________________________.


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
mencid MEN-kid (m) 
1 (dialect) loan
 
 
ETYMOLOGY: menthyg (= loan) < benthyg 
 
The Treatment of English Borrowed Words in Colloquial Welsh / Thomas Powel / Y Cymmrodor Vol. VI 1883. / p134 
 
The following paper is an attempt to give a general account 
of the use and treatment of English words in the colloquial 
Welsh of the present day. Most of the statements here made 
are applicable to the whole of Welsh-speaking Wales; but 
the paper treats more particularly of the dialect spoken, with 
slight variations, in the Counties of Brecon, Caermarthen, 
and the greater part of Cardigan. 
 
But of all words, that which undergoes the greatest changes 
is the Latin beneficium. In the Oxford Glosses it is binfic by 
assimilation; benffic by change of ff to th, noticed above (p.l20), 
and modification of surd c, gives benthig, the present literary 
form. In colloquial speech this is often hardened into 
bentig. Then as initial b and m modify into f (see p. 20, 
under V, 2), the two radicals are occasionally mistaken one 
for the other. This gives us mentig. Lastly, by the third 
mode of metathesis just described, mentig becomes mencid. 
Thus we have beneficium slowly passing through the forms 
benffic, benffig, benthig, bentig, mentig, and mencid, where for 
the present ends its “strange eventful history". 

 

 

:_______________________________.

mendy men -di›
masculine noun
PLURAL mendai men -dai›
1
carthouse

2
According to one Welsh street gazetteer, there is a street called Clerc y Mendy in Owrtyn, county of Wrecsam. Apparently “(the) clerk (of) the carthouse”. A mistake for colomendy = dovecot? (Can anybody happening to read this explain the name? Please send us a message via the guestbook)

ETYMOLOGY: (men = cart) + soft mutation + ( = house)

:_______________________________.

Menna ‹ME na› (feminine noun)
1
woman's name

:_______________________________.

menter men -ter› feminine noun
1
venture
y fenter the venture

2 enterprise

y Gweinidog dros Fenter, Arloesi a Rhwydweithiau the Minister for Enterprise, Innovation and Networks
menter breifat private enterprise
menter rydd free enterprise

2
risk
menter noeth a complete gamble
Dyw e ddim yn werth y fenter It’s not worth the risk / the gamble

:_______________________________.

mentergar ‹men-ter-gar› adjective
1
venturesome; entrepreneurial = willing to set up a business even though it might fail and cause financial loss to the founder

ETYMOLOGY: (menter = venture) + (-gar suffix, ‘wanting to)

:_______________________________.

mentergarwch ‹men-tre-GAA-rukh› masculine noun
1
entrepreneurship = willingness to set up a business even though it might fail and cause financial loss to the founder

Dyma enghreifftiau eraill o fentergarwch Cymry Cymraeg ifainc ym myd busnes
These are other examples of the entrepreneurship of young Welsh speakers in the world of business

ETYMOLOGY: (mentergar = entrepreneurial, venturesome) + (-wch suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.


mentig MEN-kid (m) 
1 (dialect) loan
 
 
ETYMOLOGY: mentig (= loan) < benthyg 
 
The Treatment of English Borrowed Words in Colloquial Welsh / Thomas Powel / Y Cymmrodor Vol. VI 1883. / p134 
 
The following paper is an attempt to give a general account 
of the use and treatment of English words in the colloquial 
Welsh of the present day. Most of the statements here made 
are applicable to the whole of Welsh-speaking Wales; but 
the paper treats more particularly of the dialect spoken, with 
slight variations, in the Counties of Brecon, Caermarthen, 
and the greater part of Cardigan. 
 
But of all words, that which undergoes the greatest changes 
is the Latin beneficium. In the Oxford Glosses it is binfic by 
assimilation; benffic by change of ff to th, noticed above (p.l20), 
and modification of surd c, gives benthig, the present literary 
form. In colloquial speech this is often hardened into 
bentig. Then as initial b and m modify into f (see p. 20, 
under V, 2), the two radicals are occasionally mistaken one 
for the other. This gives us mentig. Lastly, by the third 
mode of metathesis just described, mentig becomes mencid. 
Thus we have beneficium slowly passing through the forms 
benffic, benffig, benthig, bentig, mentig, and mencid, where for 
the present ends its “strange eventful history". 

 

:_______________________________.

mentro ‹MEN-tro› (verb)
1
to venture

2
mentro i’r môr set out to sea (“venture to the sea”)
mentro i’r dwfn set out to sea (“venture to the deep”)

3
ei mentro-hi have a go; risk it; stick one's neck out
mentro’ch pen risk it
mentro’r cyfan go for broke (“venture the whole lot”)

4
mentro colli risk defeat

5 mentro ar dir anodd tread on delicate ground, be in a delicate situation
mentro ar dir peryglus tread on delicate ground, be in a delicate situation

:_______________________________.

menyg ‹MEE-nig› (plural noun)
1
gloves (see maneg = glove)

:_______________________________.

’menyn ‹MEE-nin› (masculine noun)
1
butter; see ymenyn

:_______________________________.

merbwll ‹MER-bulh› (m)
1 stagnant pool

Occurs in place names
Merbwll House in Pen-lôn, Trefor SH3746, Llanaelhaearn, Gwynedd

ETYMOLOGY: (merf = insipid; lifeless) + soft mutation + (pwll = pool)

:_______________________________.

merch, merched ‹MERKH, MER khed› (feminine noun)
1
girl, woman
y ferch the girl
merch o Nefyn a girl from Nefyn, a Nefyn girl.
Rw i’n caru merch o blwyf Penderyn
(title of a folk song) I love a girl from the parish of Penderyn

2 daughter

3 Merched (sign) “Ladies”, “Ladies' Toilets”

4
gwrferch virago, amazon; mannish woman (“man-woman”, a woman who is like a man)
(gŵr = man) + soft mutation + (merch = woman)

5
mynd ar gefn merch have sex with a girl (coarser synonymous English expressions: get one's leg over, give a girl the jump, screw a girl, etc)
Literally: “to go on (the) back (of a) girl”, “to cover” – in allusion to how animals copulate - the mating of dogs and bitches, bulls and cows, stallions and mares, boars and sows, stags and hinds, rams and ewes, etc.

6
girl, woman as a sexual object
merch hawdd ei chael an easy piece, an easy lay, girl “of easy virtue”; a girl considered to be easy to convince to have sexual intercourse (“girl easy her getting”)

7
croesawferch receptionist (woman)
(croesaw-, stem of croesawu = to welcome) + soft mutation + (merch = girl, woman)

:_______________________________.

Mercher ‹MER kher› (masculine noun)
1
planet Mercury

2
the god Mercury (Roman messenger god); dydd Mercher = Wednesday, nos Fercher = Wednesday night

ETYMOLOGY: Mercher < Merchyr < British < Latin Mercurius
The change of y > e in a final syllable is evidenced in other words in Welsh
See the entry e < y
:_______________________________.

mercheta ‹ mer- khe -ta› verb
1 (verb sense objecte) chase women, be a womaniser

ETYMOLOGY: (merched = dones) + (-ha suffix for forming verbs from nouns, usually plural nouns). (-d + ha > ta)
Probably existing in British, since Breton has a corresponding form
From the same British root: Breton merc’heta
:_______________________________.

merchetwr ‹ mer- khe -tur› masculine noun
PLURAL merchetwyr ‹ mer- khet -wir›
1 womaniser, philanderer = one who seeks to conquer women

ETYMOLOGY: (merchet- stem of the verb mercheta = womaniser) + (-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

merchlyn ‹MERKH-lin› masculine noun
PLURAL merchlynoedd merkh-LƏ-noidh, -odh
1 horse pool

Occurs in the name of a farm
Merchlyn SH7673 by Henryd, county of Conwy

ETYMOLOGY: (march = horse) + soft mutation + (llyn = pool) > *march-lyn > merchlyn (vowel affection, a > e in the penult through the influence of y in the following final syllable)

Cf marchlyn (no vowel affection a > e in the first syllable caused by the following “y”)
:_______________________________.

merch radd ‹merkh raadh feminine noun
PLURAL merched gradd mer-khed graadh
1
graduate (female) of a university

ETYMOLOGY: “graduated woman” (merch = girl, daughter, woman) + (gradd = graduated, stem used as a past participle of graddio = to graduate)

:_______________________________.

merch-yng-nghyfraith, merched... ‹merkh ə NGHƏ vreth. MER khed...› (feminine noun)
1
daughter-in-law


:_______________________________.

merddwr ‹MER-dhur› (m)
1 stagnant pool

Occurs in place names
Afon Merddwr SH8950 River by Rhydlydan, Conwy
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH8950

Afon Merddwr SJ0043 River by Glanyrafon, Conwy

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/242555

Banc y Merddwr “(the) bank (overlooking) (the) Merddwr (stream)”
Near Y Parc, Gwynedd

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH8335

ETYMOLOGY: (merf = insipid; lifeless) + soft mutation + (dŵr = water)

:_______________________________.

merddyn mer -dhin›
masculine noun
1
In the district of Penllyn in the county of Gwynedd, a form of murddun (= ruin)

:_______________________________.

Meredudd = Maredudd ‹me RE didh› (masculine noun)
1
man's name; patronymic = ap Meredudd; basis of the surname Meredith

:_______________________________.

Meredydd
1
variant of Meredudd, in turn from Maredudd

:_______________________________.

Mererid ‹me RE rid›
1
(Margaret) woman's name

:_______________________________.

Merffordd
mer -fordh›
1
(SJ3556) locality in the county of Wrecsam, 1km north of Wrecsam
English name: Marford


ETYMOLOGY: From an earlier form of the English name, before the change er > ar in English

:_______________________________.

merfog
mer -vog›
masculine noun
PLURAL merfogiaid ‹mer-vog-yed›
1
(Abramis brama) bream

2
merfog môr (Pagellus centrodontus) sea bream

3
merfog gwyn
(m), merfogiaid gwyn / gwynion (Blicca bjoerkna) silver bream

ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (merf (now obsolete) = insipid, weak) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Merfyn ‹MER vin› (masculine noun)
1
man's name

:_______________________________.

merhelygen ‹mer-he--gen› feminine noun
1
(Salix alba ssp. vitellina) golden willow
y ferhelygen the golden willow
See: helygen euraidd


:_______________________________.

merin mee -rin› feminine noun
PLURAL meriniau ‹me-rin-ye›
1
(obsolete) inlet of the sea, sea
y ferin the sea inlet

ETYMOLOGY:
..a/ probably British < Latin marîna < marînus < mare (= sea);
..b/ if not from Latin, then from a British source *môrin- related to modern Welsh môr (= sea), as in the name of a tribe in Gaul Môrîni (probably “dwellers by the sea”)

:_______________________________.

Merin Rheged mee-rin hree-ged› -
1
inlet of the Irish Sea between Scotland and England.
English name: Solway Firth

ETYMOLOGY: ‘inlet of the sea (of the territory of) Rheged’
(merin = inlet of the sea, sea) + (Rheged = kingdom either side of the Solway estuary with its capital in Caerliwelydd / Carlisle – comprising the modern areas of Galloway in Scotland and Cumbria in England)

:_______________________________.

merllyn MER-lhin feminine noun
PLURAL merllynnoedd ‹mer-LHə-noidh, -odh›
1
stagnant pool

.........................................

Farm SJ2768 west of Ceiconna, county of Y Fflint
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=331567 map

.........................................

Farm SJ1356 by Llanfair Dyffryn Clwyd (county of Dinbych)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1356 map

.........................................

Farm SH7868 near Dolgarrog (county of Conwy)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH7868 map

.........................................

Farm SJ0849 near Brynsaithmarchog (county of Dinbych)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/440969

ETYMOLOGY: “dead pool” (merf = inspid, tasteless, lifeless) + soft mutation + (llyn = pool, lake) > merflyn > merlyn (loss of the consonant [v] )

This seems to be the more likely explanation.

However it could also be:
“dead pool” (marw = dead) + soft mutation + (llyn = pool, lake) > márw-lyn > mérw-lyn (vowel affection; a > e due to the influence of the y in the final syllable) > merlyn loss of the consonant w) > mérllyn (combination r-l becomes r-ll)

But since the element mer- occurs in names where it could not be from an original mar- / marw (because the final vowel in the compound name would not cause vowel affection a > e) it would seem that the first element is merf

merddwr stagnant water (dŵr = water)
merbwll
stagnant pool (pwll = pool)

NOTE: merllyn (= stagnant pool) occurs in the present-day Welsh of north-east Wales

:_______________________________.

merth merth adjective
1
(obsolete) fair, beautiful

ETYMOLOGY: variant of berth (= fair, beautiful) – showing the change b > m, which also occurs in other words in Welsh.

The confusion occurs with feminine nouns and with adjectives because the mutation of both ‹b› and ‹m› m is ‹v› f;
benyw (= woman), also menyw;
ben (= cart), also men, etc

:_______________________________.

merthyr mer -thir› masculine noun
PLURAL merthyron ‹mer-thə-ron›
1
martyr = person who accepts death rather than give up a religion


2
martyr = person who is killed or who suffers for any belief or cause

3
martyr = person who suffers a lot

4
martyr = person with a martyr complex, putting himself / herself to a lot of trouble for the sake of another person or other people in order to feel self-righteous and cause others to feel guilty or sympathetic

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin martyr-em (= martyr);
From the same British root: Breton merzher (= martyr), Cornish merther (= martyr)

:_______________________________.

merthyr mer -thir› masculine noun
1
(obsolete) martyry = shrine erected in memory of a martyr (modern name: merthyrfan)

2
place names grave, burial place, cemetery
Numerous examples in Wales (especially in south-east Wales) (and corresponding names in Cornwall and Brittany).

Popularly – though incorrectly - interpreted as ‘martyr’ in some cases, since the word for “martyr” in Welsh is identical (merthyr), with local traditions explaining the supposed martyrdom.

Strictly speaking, such names when they refer to a settlement (village, town) should be spelt as one word, as in the case of llan, but this is one of the inconsistencies permitted in the Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd, the Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales list of recommended spellings.

Here though we shall use the form Merthyrtudful, for example, in referring to the town.rather than Merthyr Tudful

See Merthyrcaffo, Merthyr Celer, Merthyr Clydog, Merthyr Cynfall, Merthyrcynog, Merthyr Dunod, Merthyrdyfan, Merthyrdingad, Merthyr Elfed, Merthyr Gerain, Merthyr Glywys, Merthyr Ilan, Merthyr Isw, Merthyr Iul ac Aaron, Merthyr Maches, Merthyr-mawr, Merthyr Meirion, Merthyr Onfryd, Merthyr Tegfedd, Merthyr Tewdrig, Merthyrtudful, Merthyr Tudwystl

3
place names church

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin martyrium (= church on the site of a saint’s grave, or church commemorating a saint) < Latin martyr- (= martyr)
Found in Cornish place names (merther) and Breton place names (merzher).

Cf the town named Martorell in Catalonia < Vulgar Latin (*martyretulu(m) (= little cemetery), or *martyretula (= little cemeteries).

Cf Irish martra (= relics of a martyr or saint)

NOTE: Since merthyr with the sense of “church” is not included usually in Welsh-language dictionaries (as it is an obsolete word), whereas merthyr (= martyr), being a contemporary word, does occur, such names are often to be seen explained in guide books, gazetteers, etc as ‘the martyr Cynog’, ‘the martyr Tudful’, etc, as if it was a title in the same way as sant / sain in some place names (in place names, sant / sain is usually a latecomer, and refers to a saint within the Catholic Church).

Even if it is accepted that the word actually means a burial place, rather than a person, there seems still to be a temptation that it continued to mean “burial place of a martyr”, the martyr in question being the name of the saint which follows it.

But it seems that the sense of the word had broadened and was no longer the resting place of a martyr, in the same way that a “cupboard” in English no longer has its literal meaning of a table or shelf on which cups were placed.

:_______________________________.

Merthyr mer -thir›
1
short name for places with Merthyr as the first element
......(1) Merthyr Elfed (now simply Merthyr)
......(2) Ym Merthyr ma fa’n byw he lives in Merthyr.
Short for ym Merthyrtudful = in Merthyrtudful

:_______________________________.

Merthyr Caffo ‹mer-thir-kaa-fo›
1
(‘tomb / church of Caffo’) former name of Llangaffo SH 4468, village and parish of the island of Môn

:_______________________________.

Merthyr Celer ‹mer-thir-kee-ler›
1
(‘tomb / church of Celer’) former name of Llangeler SN 3739, village and parish in the county of Caerfyrddin

:_______________________________.

Merthyr Clydog ‹mer-thir-klə-dog›
1
(‘tomb / church of Clydog’) former name of Clydog a parish in Herefordshire, England (“Clodock”)

:_______________________________.

Merthyr Cynfall ‹mer-thir-kən-valh›
1
(‘tomb / church of Cynfall’) former name of Llangynfyl, a church in Herefordshire, England (in English as “Llangunville”), earlier Llangynfall.

:_______________________________.

Merthyrcynog mer-thir -nog› feminine noun
1
SN9837 locality in the district of Brycheiniog (county of Powys)
2
a parish at this place
Population: (1961) 288; (1971) 235
Proportion of Welsh-speakers: (1961) 32%; (1971) 24%

Nid oeddynt ond tua phymtheg mewn nifer pan anturiwyd ar godi y capel, ac yn aelodau gan mwyaf yn Siloa, a Mr. Price fu yn benaf yn gofalu am danynt wedi eu ffurfio yn eglwys, hyd ddiwedd y flwyddyn 1846, pan y rhoddasant alwad i Mr. Thomas Jones, yr hwn a urddasid yn Merthyrcynog, ond a fuasai am dymor yn weinidog yn Adulam, Tredegar. Llafuriodd Thomas Jones yma yn ddiwyd hyd 1849. Hanes Eglwysi Annibynnol Cymru, Thomas Rees and John Thomas, published from 1871 onwards

They were only about fifteen in number when they ventured to built the chapel, and mostly members in Siloa (chapel), and it was Mr. Price who looked after them mainly after they were formed as a church, until the end of !846, when they gave a call to Mr. Thomas Jones, who was ordained in Merthycynog, but who had been for a term minister of Adulam, Tredegar. Thomas Jones laboured here assiduously until 1849.

ETYMOLOGY: 'cemetery (of) Cynog' (merthyr = cemetery) + (Cynog = saint's name)

:_______________________________.

Merthyrdingad ‹mer-thir-di-ngad›
1
(‘tomb / church of Dingad’) former name of Llanddingad ST 4510, locality in the county of Mynwy (English name: Dingestow)

:_______________________________.

merthyrdod ‹mer-thər-dod› masculine noun
1
martyrdom = sufferings and death of a martyr

2 martyrdom = extreme suffering

Merthyrdod fu ei bywyd hi
Her life was a martyrdom

ETYMOLOGY: (merthyr = martyr) + (-dod, suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

Merthyr Dunod ‹mer-thir-dii-nod›
1
(‘tomb / church of Dunod’) name of a church in Tyddewi (county of Penfro)

:_______________________________.

Merthyrdyfan ‹mer-thir--van›
1
(‘tomb / church of Dyfan’) ST 1169 locality in the county of Bro Morgannwg (South-east Wales)

:_______________________________.

Merthyr Elfed ‹mer-thir-el-ved›
1
(‘the place called Merthyr in the kumud (cwmwd, = medieval administrative unit) of Elfed’) Nowadays it is simply Merthyr SN 3520 (county of Caerfyrddin)

:_______________________________.

Merthyr Gerain ‹mer-thir-ge-rain›
1
(‘tomb / church of Gerain’) church in the locality of Magwyr ST 4287 in the county of Mynwy (South-east Wales)

:_______________________________.

Merthyr Glywys ‹mer-thir-glə-uis›
1
(‘tomb / church of Glywys’) church in the locality of Drenewydd yn Notais SS 8377 in the county of Bro Morgannwg (South-east Wales)

:_______________________________.

Merthyrilan ‹mer-thir-ii-lan›
1
(‘tomb / church of Ilan’) former name of Eglwysilan ST 1288 (county of Caerffili) (South-east Wales)

:_______________________________.

Merthyr Isw ‹mer-thir-i-su›
1
(‘tomb / church of Isw’) former name of Pertrisw SO2722 (South-east Wales) (county of Powys)

:_______________________________.

Merthyr Iul ac Aaron ‹mer-thir-ii-il ag aa-ron›
1
(‘tomb / church of Jul and Aaron’) former name of Sain Silian ST3289 district of Casnewydd (South-east Wales) 2km north-east of the centre

:_______________________________.

Merthyr Maches ‹mer-thir-maa-khes›
1
(‘tomb / church of Maches’) former name of Llanfaches ST4391, village and parish in the county of Casnewydd

:_______________________________.

Merthyr-mawr ‹mer-thir-maur
1
SS8877, village in the county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
Old name: Llandeilo Merthyr Myfor (“the place called Llandeilo which is by Merthyr Myfor”)

2 a parish at this place
..1961 population: 531, proportion of Welsh-speakers: 14%
..1971 population: 470, proportion of Welsh-speakers: 12%

ETYMOLOGY: On the face of it, this is ‘big Merthyr’ (merthyr = tomb) + (mawr = big).

But the current name is a corruption of an original Merthyr Myfor ‘the tomb / church of Myfor’.

Probably mawr < mowr < mywor < myfor.

The same name is found in Llanfyfor (now Llanofer, SO 3108, a village in the county of Mynwy)

:_______________________________.

Merthyr Meirion ‹mer-thir-meir-yon›
1
(‘tomb / church of Meirion’) alternative name of Llanfeirian, now Llangadwaladr SH3869, a village and parish on the island of Môn

:_______________________________.

Merthyr Onfryd ‹mer-thir-meir-yon›
1
(‘tomb / church of Onfryd’) church formerly in Caer-dydd

:_______________________________.

Merthyrtegfedd ‹mer-thir-teg-vedh›
1
(‘tomb / church of Tegfedd’) former name of Llandegfedd ST3395 (county of Mynwy)

:_______________________________.

Merthyrtewdrig ‹mer-thir-teu-drig›
1
(‘tomb / church of Tewdrig’) former name of Matharn ST5291 (county of Mynwy)
Tewdrig is mentioned in Llyfr Llan-daf (The Book of Llan-daf) (compiled 1120 – 1140). He was a prince and saint of the fifth and sixth centuries killed in a battle to repel English invaders, and buried at the place which was called after him Merthyr Tewdrig, near Cas-gwent (Chepstow).

:_______________________________.

Merthyrtudful ‹mer-thir-tid-vil›
1
SO0506 locality in Merthyrtudful county.

2 Name of a county. Administrative centre: Merthyrtudful
Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 8.33 (1981)

NOTE: In general settlement names where possible are written as one word, and to conform to this recommendation the name would be Merthyrtudful, though the Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd (Gazetteer of Welsh Place names of the University of Wales) has “Merthyr Tudful”.

ETYMOLOGY: ‘the tomb / church of the female saint Tudful’ (merthyr = tomb) + (Tudful). The name is popularly explained as ‘The Martyr Tudful’ through misunderstanding the meaning of ‘merthyr’ in place names as ‘martyr’. Welsh merthyr (= martyr) < Latin martyr (= martyr). But in place names merthyr is from Latin martyrium = church. Though originally in Latin a ‘shrine to a martyr’, it seems to have lost any connection with ‘martyrdom’ when used in later Latin and in British.

:_______________________________.

Merthyr Tudwystl ‹mer-thir-tid-wistl›
1
(‘tomb / church of Tudwystl’) former name of Capel Tydyst, a church in Llangadog (county of Caerfyrddin)

:_______________________________.

merwino ‹mer-WII-no› (verb)
1
(sound, noise) grate on the ears

:_______________________________.

mêr ‹MEER› (masculine noun)
1
bone marrow

:_______________________________.

mesen me -sen› feminine noun
PLURAL mes mees
1
acorn
y fesen the acorn

2
There is a street in Prestatyn (Sir y Fflint) called Llwynmesen which seems to contain this word. If so, it is an incorrect form if the second element is in fact mesen (= acorn). It appears to be a translation of English ‘Acorn Grove’, which would have to be Llwyn-y-mes (“grove (of) the acorns”). S it satands it is “llwyn mesen” (“grove of an acorn”)

3
mor ddi-les â mes i eifr (saying) (of something inappropriate) (“as useless as acorns for goats” (i.e. acorns are fine for feeding pigs, but less than useless for goats)

4
mor faned â mes as small / insignificant as acorns (mân = small; of small size an in abundant quantities)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same British root: Breton mezenn (= acorn)
From the same Celtic root: Manks mess (= acorn)

NOTE: London, 1825. Observations on some of the dialects in the West of England particularly with a glossary of words now in use there ; and poems and other pieces, exemplifying the dialect. by James Jennings, Honorary Secretary of the Metropolitan Library Institution, London. Glossary of words commonly used in the County of Somerset; but which are not accepted as legitimate words of the English language ; or words which, although once used generally, are now become provincial.
Mace. s[ubstantive]. pl[ural]. Acorns.


:_______________________________.

mesur, mesurau ‹ME sir, me SII re› (masculine noun)
1
measure

2
tryfesur diameter (try- = intensive prefix) + soft mutation + ( mesur = measure)

3
mesur seneddol
‹me sir se NEE dhol› (masculine noun) parliamentary measure

:_______________________________.

mesuriad ‹me- sir -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL mesuriadau ‹me-sir- yaa -de›
1
measurement
mesuriadau’r stafell the dimensions of the room

ETYMOLOGY: (mesur- stem of the verb mesuro = to measure) + (-i-ad abstract noun-forming suffix)

:_______________________________.

METATHESIS
1
(Welsh: trawsosod) transposition of sounds or syllables in a word

Examples in Welsh

1../ DD


(DD-LL) > (LL-DD)
(1) mabddall (= child blind at birth) >*mablladd > mablath / maplath (= lizard);
(mab = son) + soft mutation + (dall = blind)

2../ L

 

(L-DD) > (DD- L)
(1) cywilydd (= shame) > cywiddyl > c'widdyl
(2) Llanhiledd (= village in Blaenau Gwent) > Llanhiddel / Llanhiddal

(L-S) > (SL)
(1) elusendy (= alsmhouse) > slendy

3../ N


(N-S) > (SN)
(1) Ynysawdre (= village in Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) > y Snawdra

(N-L) > (L-N)

telyn
(= harp) Welsh < British telen-, apparently a metathesised form of tenel- (N-L became L-N)
From the same British root: Breton telenn (= harp)

4../ R


(RF) ‹rv› > (FR) ‹vr›
(1) Cnarfon > Cnafron (= colloquial forms of Caernarfon)

 

(R + vowel) > (vowel + R) ‹vr›

(2) prynu (to buy) > pyrnu (South Wales)

(3) crynu (to tremble, shake) > cyrnu (South Wales

(4) Llanfyrnach (Sir Benfro / Pembrokeshire) < Llanfrynach ‘church of Brynach’

This was also common in the Somerset dialect of English

bridge > burge

grid-ire (= gridiron) > gird-ire

 
The West Somerset Word-Book.of Dialectal and Archaic Words and Phrases Used in the West of Somerset and East Devon. / Frederick Thomas Elworthy / 1886.

 

 

5../ TH


(THR) > (RTH)

(1) dieithr (= strange, unfamiliar) > dierth
(2) ewythr (= uncle) > ewyrth

(TH-LL) > (LL-TH)
(1) pothell (= blister) > polleth

:_______________________________.

metel me -tel› masculine noun
PLURAL metelau, meteloedd ‹me- tel –e, me-TEE–lodh ›
1 metal
llestri metel metalware
lludded metel metal fatigue
metel anfferrus non-ferrous metal
metel anhaearnaidd non-ferrous metal
metel cyffredin base metal
metel dalennog sheet metal
metel gyr wrought metal
metel sgrap scrap metal
metel tawdd molten metal
metel trwm (Music) heavy metal
metelwaith metalwork
synhwyrydd metal metal detecter

2 mettle, bravery, valience, boldness, pluck
Trech metel na maint “(it is) stronger bravery than size”; in a conflict, boldness counts for more than size does

3 (adj) metal = made of metal
llwy fetel a metal spoon

ETYMOLOGY: Middle English metel (= metal) < Latin metallum (= something mined; a mine) < Greek metallon

:_______________________________.

metelaidd ‹me- tel -edh› adjective
1 metallic

ETYMOLOGY: (metel = metal) + (-aidd suffix for forming nouns indicating the content or capacity of a container )

:_______________________________.

meteleg ‹me- te -leg› femenine noun
1 metallurgy

ETYMOLOGY: (metel = metal) + (-eg suffix for forming a noun indicating a science )

:_______________________________.

Metgawdd ‹MET-gaudh› (f)
1
Ynys Metgawdd NU1241 Lindisfarne, or Holy Island, Northumberland, England

7372_din_gefron_caeredin_090204

(delwedd 7372)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/761409

:_______________________________.

methdalu ‹meth DAA li› (verb)
1
(business) to go bankrupt

:_______________________________.

methdalwr ‹meth-DAA-lur› masculine noun
PLURAL methdalwyr ‹meth-DAL-wir›
1
bankrupt, person who is insolvent
gwneud rhywun yn fethdalwr make somebody bankrupt, bankrupt somebody

2 (law) bankrupt, person unable to pay debts and whose assets are confiscated to compensate creditors

ETYMOLOGY: (methdal- stem of methdalu = be unable to pay) + (-wr agent suffix, 'man')

:_______________________________.

methedig ‹me-thee-dig› adjective
PLURAL methedigion ‹me-the-dig-yon›
1
disabled, incapacitated, invalid
yr henoed methedig disabled old people

2 plural adjectives in Welsh can serve as plural nouns; hence methedigion, disabled people

ETYMOLOGY: (meth- stem of methu = to fail) + (-edig passive past participle suffix)

:_______________________________.

methedigaeth ‹me-the-dii-geth› feminine noun
1
disability

ETYMOLOGY: (methedig = disabled) + (-aeth, suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

Méthodist, Methodistiaid ‹ME tho dist, me tho DIST yed› (masculine noun)
1
Methodist

:_______________________________.

methu ‹MEE thi› (verb)
1
to fail
2
methu gweld y coed gan brennau not see the wood for the trees

:_______________________________.

Methwsela ‹me-thu-se-la› masculine noun
1
Methuselah (Genesis 5:27) one of the patriarchs, said to have lived 969 years

mor hen â Methwsela or cyn hyned â Methwsela (usually used in a derogatory sense) as old as Methuselah, as old as the hills

Genesis 5:25 Methwsela hefyd a fu fyw saith mlynedd a phedwar ugain a chant, ac a genhedlodd Lamech. (5:26) A Methwsela a fu fyw wedi iddo genhedlu Lamech, ddwy flyneddd a phedwar ugain a saith gan mlynedd, ac a genhedlodd feibion a merched. (5:27) A holl ddyddiau Methwsela oedd, naw mlynedd a thrigain a naw can mlynedd, ac efe a fu farw.
Genesis 5:25 And Methuselah lived an hundred eighty and seven years, and begat Lamech:(5:26) And Methuselah lived after he begat Lamech seven hundred eighty and two years, and begat sons and daughters: (5:27) And all the days of Methuselah were nine hundred sixty and nine years: and he died.

ETYMOLOGY: ??

:_______________________________.

metro me-tro›
PLURAL metros me-tros›
1 metro (= underground railway system)
yn y metro in the metro

2 metro (= train)
ar y metro on the metro
cerbyd metro subway car, metro carriage

ETYMOLOGY:
..a/ English metro < French metro < chemin de fer métropolitain (= metropolitan railway)
..b/ métropolitain < metropolis < latin < Greek mêtropolis (= mother state)
..c/ mêtropolis < (mêtêr, mêtros = mother) + (polis = city)

:_______________________________.

meudwy mei -dui› masculine noun
PLURAL meudwyaid ‹mei -dui -ed›
1
hermit = person who retreats to a secluded place for religious reasons - to live a life of contemplation

2
hermit = person who leads a solitary existence
byw fel meudwy, live like a hermit
Tipyn o feudwy yw e He's a bit of a hermit

3
place names
(1) Ynysmeudwy SN7305 (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (apparently “ynys y meudwy” - ‘meadow of the hermit’)
(2) Rhydymeudwy SJ1251 (county of Dinbych) (apparently ‘ford of the hermit’)

ETYMOLOGY: “lad (of) God” (meu- penult form of *mau = boy) + (dwy, variant of duw = god); *mau < *meu < British mogu-;
..a/ Cornish maw (= boy), mowes (= girl),
..b/ Breton mav (adjective) (= happy); Breton maoues (= girl);
..c/ Gaulish Magurix (personal name, apparently “lad, boy, youngster” + “king”; rix = king),
..d/ Irish mogh (= slave)
..e/ Indoeuropean *maghu (= young person)

:_______________________________.

meudwyfa ‹mei-dui -va› feminine noun
PLURAL meudwyfaoedd, meudwyféydd ‹mei-dui-vaa-odh, mei-dui -veidh
1
hermit's cell, hermitage = dwelling of a hermit
y feudwyfa
the hermit's cell

2 hermitage = any retreat

ETYMOLOGY: (meudwy = hermit) + (-fa suffix = place)

:_______________________________.

meudwyo ‹mei-dui -o› verb
1
become a hermit, shut oneself away, isolate oneself
2
live like a hermit

ETYMOLOGY: (meudwy = hermit) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

Meurig ‹MEI rig› (masculine noun)
1
man's name - Maurice, Morris

:_______________________________.

mewian ‹MEU yan› (verb)
1
(cat) to mew

:_______________________________.

mewn ‹meun› preposition
@:
in (indefinite)
in a (+ singular noun), in (+ indefinite plural noun)
mewn bocs = in a box, yn y bocs = in the box
mewn ceir = in cars, yn y ceir = in the cars

@: inside, within
mewn papur Saesneg - in an English-language newspaper
mewn rhannau o'r De - in parts of South Wales
mewn bag plastig - in a plastic bag
maent mewn perygl o gael eu dal mewn un o ddau drap - they're in danger of being caught in one of two traps
mewn mannau in places

@: in a group of people, among a group of people
mewn cyfarfod rhwng swyddogion y cyngor a'r trigolion lleol in a meeting between council officials and the local residents
mae hi'n canu mewn grŵp she sings in a in a group
cofiaf fod mewn pwyllgor yn América... I remember being in a meeting in America
mewn tyrfa - in a crowd

@: age
mewn oedran teg - having reached a ripe old age
Er mewn oedran teg dalia Mr Edwards i gymryd diddordeb mawr yn y cysegr a bu'n hynod ffyddlon ar hyd y daith
Although he had reached a ripe old age Mr Edwards continued to take great interest in the chapel affairs and he was extremely faithful to it all his life

@: language (language + following adjective)
note: yn Gymraeg (= yn y Gymraeg) = in Welsh
mewn Cymraeg coeth - in elegant Welsh
mewn Cymraeg clir a chroyw - in clear forthright Welsh
mewn Cymraeg Canol - in Middle Welsh

mewn iaith fwy llenyddol na'r dafodiaith leol - in more literary language than the local dialect
mewn iaith flodeuog - in flowery language

and other forms of communication
mewn côd - in code
mewn hierogluffau - in hieroglyphics

@: clothes
ymwisgo mewn sachliain a lludw - to wear / to put on sackcloth and ashes
gwisgo ei merch fach mewn dillad lliwgar - to dress her Web Daughter in colourful clothes
mewn crys - in a shirt, wearing a shirt
mewn dillad gwynion - dressed in white
mewn cuddwisg – in disguise
mewn gwisg cowboi - dressed as a cowboy, in cowboy clothes
merch mewn gwisg hir - a girl in along dress

@: in a specified colour
sgert ysgol mewn llwyd neu nefi a school skirt in grey or navy(-blue)

@: with numbers
Mae wedi gwneud tri gwall sillafu mewn wyth gair he's made three spelling mistakes in eight words
Y mae'r potiau yn cael eu gwneud gan gwmni Marley mewn dau faint the pots are made by the Marley company in two sizes

@: of elements of which something is comprised
sawl modfedd sy mewn llathen? - how many inches are there in a yard?

@: during
mewn cyfnod o saith wythnos in a seven-week period
mewn ychydig dros flwyddyn maent wedi codi dros £2,000 (dwy fil o bunnau) tuag at y gronfa in just over a year they've raised over £2,000 for the fund
mewn ychydig eiliadau in a few seconds
mewn rhyw bythefnos in a fortnight or so

@: at any time during a stated period
nid oedd wedi colli oedfa yn y capel mewn deugain mlynedd - he hadn't missed a service at the chapel in forty years
mewn union bryd in the nick of time

@: time = before the end of
mewn hanner awr in half an hour
mewn cachiad in a jiffy (in a shitting, probably: in the time it takes for a hen to shit)
mewn amser da in good time
mewn dim in a moment
mewn dim o amser in no time at all
mewn llai na hanner awr in less than half an hour

@: distance - within, not further than
mewn rhyw filltir i'r dre' less than about a mile from the town
mewn dim = within a hair's breadth (usually o fewn: o fewn dim i farw within a hair's breadth of death)
Pan oedd y ddau mewn rhyw deirllath i'w gilydd when the two of them were within three yards of each other

@: in the form of
hanner can punt mewn papurau - fifty pounds in bills / in notes
mewn arian - in cash
casglu dros dair mil o bunnoeddd mewn dirwyon - collect over three thousand pounds in fines
rhoi cyfanswm o £3,000 (o dair mil o bunnau) mewn grantiau - give a total of £3,000 in grants

@: ratios, odds
un siawns mewn miliwn a chance in a million

@: material
naddu pethau mewn coed a maen carve things in wood and stone

@: within = before the beginning of
mewn wythnos i a week away from
siarad fel petae o mewn wsnos i'w bensiwn - to talk as if he was within a week of retiring ('a week to his pension')

@: mistake, error
mewn camgymeriad - by mistake, in error

@: transport
mewn tacsi - in a taxi


@: after verbs
ymddiddori mewn casglu hen fapiau take an interst in collecting old maps
y mae'r briodas wedi gorffen mewn ysgariad the marriage has ended in divorce

@: after nouns
newid mewn - a change in
bu newid amlwg hefyd mewn bywyd cymdeithasol there was also a marked change in social life
diddordeb mewn - an interest in
i bawb sydd â diddordeb mewn aros ar yr ynys
for everyone interested in staying on the island
Mae sawl mantais mewn byw felly There are many advantages in living like this
Mae'r Gweinidog Addysg yn galw am adfer yr hen ddisgyblaeth mewn dysgu maethemateg the Education Minister is calling for the restoration of the old discipline in learning maths

@: adverbials
eisteddodd ar y palment mewn protest she sat down on the sidewalk (Englandic: pavement) in protest
ei gwadnu hi i'r goedwig mewn brys gwyllt to sprint off to the wood in a mad rush
ateb mewn cywilydd mawr to reply deeply ashamed ('in big shame')
mewn anobaith - in despair
beth mewn difri calon allwn ni ei wneud i'w helpu nhw? what in all seriousness ('in serious + heart') can we do to help them?
ni wyr neb mewn gwirionedd pryd cafodd ei eni nobody really knows ('nobody knows in truth') when he was born
mae'r erthygl yn esbonio, mewn ffordd hwyliog, y gwahanol weithgareddau the article explains, in a light-hearted way, the different activities
siarad Cymraeg mewn acen a fyddai wedi rhoi braw i'w dad-cu to speak Welsh with an accent which would have given a real fright to his grandfather
fe redodd y ceffyl i'r heol mewn dychryn mawr the horse ran into the road badly frightened ('in great terror')

indicating the kind of voice used in speaking
siarad mewn sibrydion - to talk in whispers

dweud rhywbeth mewn llais garw say something in a rough voice, say something roughly
mewn llais mwyn in a gentle voice
mewn llais dirdynedig in a tense voice
mewn llais cryg in a hoarse voice

@: state, situation

mewn adfeilion in ruins

tŷ mewn adfeilion a house in ruins

mewn anobaith dwfn in deep despair, plunged in despair

mewn artaith in torment

mewn awdurdod in authority

mewn breci in a state of drunkenness
.....
addewid mewn breci = a drunken promise

mewn byd (North Wales) in an agitated state, in distress

mewn byr eiriau in short

mewn cae arall (“in another field”)

bod mewn cae arall
(“be in another field”) be missing the point, be parking up the wrong tree

mewn cariad in love
.....bod mewn cariad â be in love with

mewn cerfwedd in relief

mewn dwfn anobaith in the depths of despair (“in deep despair”)

 mewn dychryn = in fright
Cododd ei dwylo mewn dychryn
She lifted her hands in fright

mewn gwaeth cyflwr in a worse state
.....
Yr oedd y tŷ newydd ar y pryd mewn llawer gwaeth cyflwr na’r hen dŷ
.....At the time the new house was in a far worse state then the old house

mewn dychryn in fright
.....cododd ei dwylo mewn dychryn
she lifted her hands in fright

mewn gair a gweithred in word and deed
.....Cristion mewn gair a gweithred practising Christian

mewn gwaeth cyflwr in a worse state
.....Mae'r heol mewn gwaeth cyflwr ar ôl ei thrwsio The road is in worse condition after being repaired

mewn gwaith in work, working

mewn gwewyr in torment

mewn helbul in a spot of bother

mewn iechyd da in good health

mewn llais dirdynedig in a tense voice

mewn poen in pain

mewn safle i in a position to
...Nid yw Lloegr mewn safle i swnian yn hunangyfiawn uwchben gwledydd sy'n ei dynwared
...England is not in a position to whine self-righteously about countries which are imitating it


mewn sawl modd in many respects

mewn steil in stile

mewn syndod in surprise
.....Agorodd ei lygaid mewn syndod. He opened his eyes in surprise


mewn taro budr (South-east Wales) in great haste

mewn tlodi in poverty
.....cael eu magu mewn tlodi be brought up in poverty

mewn trafferth in trouble

mewn trwbwl in trouble

mewn twll in a fix

mewn tywyllwch dudew in pitch darkness (“in (a) fat-black darkness”)

mewn ystum tanio (rifle, etc) in firing position
.....gosod (reiffl) mewn ystum tanio position a rifle ready for firing, bring a rifle to the firing position

@: as a result of
torrodd ei migwrn mewn damwain - she broke her ankle in an accident

@: employment
y cyfnod y bûm mewn swyddi cyflogedig - the period I was in paid employment

@: in the matter of
Pwy a sieryd Gymraeg mor bur ag y gall daflu carreg at ryw bechadur mewn treiglo?
Who speaks such pure Welsh that they can cast a stone at some sinner in the matter of mutations?

Nid oedd bachgen arall a allai ddal cannwyll iddo mewn dim a wnâi dyn yn ddyn
There was no other boy who could compare (“could hold a candle to him”) in the matter of what makes a man
beth, mewn pobl, sy'n eich gwylltio fwyaf? What annoys you most about people (“What, in people, maddens you most?”) ?

@: extent of knowledge of a subject
Dw i ddim yn dda iawn mewn Hanes
I’m not very good at History

@: in = defines a qualification, introduces the subject which has been studied
Tystysgrif Prifysgol Cymru Mewn Cyfieithu - a University of Wales Certificate in Translating
meddu ar radd neu ddiploma mewn Llyfrgellyddiaeth to have a degree or diploma in Librarianship
mae ei fab wrthi'n astudio ar gyfer Ph.D. mewn bioleg his son is studying for a Ph.D in Biology

@: bod mewn = have significance
beth sy mewn enw, meddech chi What's in a name, you say

@: mewn + rhyw
mewn rhyw faes neu'i gilydd in some field or other

@: mewn bod = be in existence
Bu'r busnes mewn bod am bron canrif
The business existed for almost a century
Cristion mewn gair a gweithred practising Christian

Used before an abstract noun
undeb mewn amrywiaeth unity in diversity
Mewn undeb y mae nerth / Mewn undeb mae nerth There is unity in strength

Miscellaneous additions:
- o fewn
‹o VEUN› (preposition) within
- y tu mewn
‹ə tii MEUN› (masculine noun) the interior, the inside
- y tu mewn i
‹ə tii MEUN i› (preposition) inside

ETYMOLOGY: mewn < my'wn < *myddwn < myddwyn < British *med-okn-o;
unless it is a borrowing from Old Irish: mewn < me'wn < meddwn < Old Irish medón (modern Irish meán < meadhon) (= middle)

VARIANTS: South miwn, mwn
‹miun, mun›

:_______________________________.

mewn cyflwr gwael ‹meun -vlur gwail
1
in a serious condition, very poorly, in a pretty bad way, in quite a bad state, in bad shape

ETYMOLOGY: (mewn = in) + (cyflwr = condition, state) + (gwael = bad)

:_______________________________.

mewn dau ‹meun dai adverb
1
at the second attempt (“in two (attempts)”)

ETYMOLOGY: (mewn = in) + (dau = two)

:_______________________________.

mewn dillad cyffredin ‹meun dii-lhad kə-free-din›
1
in plain clothes; (of policeman, policewoman) not wearing uniform in order to disguise the fact that he / she is a member of a police force
(Literally: “in ordinary clothes / in common clothes”)

:_______________________________.

mewn dim o dro ‹meun dim oo droo
1
in no time at all
Mae hi'n meddwi mewn dim o dro She gets drunk in no time at all

ETYMOLOGY: (mewn = in) + (dim = nothing) + (o = of) + soft mutation + (tro = turn)

:_______________________________.

mewndrwydded ‹meun drui -dhed› feminine noun
PLURAL
mewndrwyddedau ‹meun-drui- dhee -de›
1
on-licence (licence allowing alcohol to be consumed on the premises where it is purchased)
y fewndrwydded the on-licence

ETYMOLOGY: (mewn-, prefix = inside) + soft mutation + (trwydded = licence)

:_______________________________.

mewn dwfn anobaith ‹meun du-vun a-noo-beth›
1
in the depths of despair (“in deep despair”)

ETYMOLOGY: (mewn = in) + (dwfn = deep) + (anobaith = despair, hopelessness)

:_______________________________.

mewnfor meun -vor› adj
1 imported

ETYMOLOGY: (mewnfor- stem of mewnforio = to import)

:_______________________________.

mewnforiad ‹meun vor -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL
mewnforiadau ‹meun-vor- yaa -de›
1 import, imported product

ETYMOLOGY: (mewnfor- stem of mewnforio = to import) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)

:_______________________________.

mewnforio ‹meun-vor-yo› verb
1 import = bring goods in from another country
toll fewnforio export duty
treth fewnforio import tax
cwota mewnforio import quota

ETYMOLOGY: (mewn-, prefix = inside) + soft mutation + (morio = travel by sea)

:_______________________________.

mewnforiwr ‹meun voo -yur› masculine noun
PLURAL
mewnforywyr ‹meun- vor -wir›
1 importer

ETYMOLOGY: (mewnfud- stem of mewnforio = to import) + (-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

mewnforydd ‹meun voo -ridh› masculine noun
PLURAL
mewnforyddion ‹meun-vo- rədh -yon›
1 importer

ETYMOLOGY: (mewnfud- stem of mewnforio = to import) + (-ydd agent suffix)

:_______________________________.

mewnfudiaeth ‹meun vid -yeth› feminine noun
PLURAL
mewnfudiaethau ‹meun-vid- yei -the›
1 immigration

ETYMOLOGY: (mewnfud- stem of mewnfudo = immigrate) (-i-aeth suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

mewnfudo ‹meun vii -do› verb
1 (verb sense objecte) immigrate

ETYMOLOGY: (mewn = in) + soft mutation + (mudo = move)

:_______________________________.

mewnfudwr ‹meun vii -dur› masculine noun
PLURAL
mewnfudwyr ‹meun- vid -wir›
1 immigrant
mewnfudwr o Sais English immigrant

ETYMOLOGY: (mewnfud- stem of mewnfudo = immigrate) + (-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

mewn gair ‹meun gair adverb
1
in a word = to sum up; in short, in a nutshell

:_______________________________.

mewnlenwad, mewnlenwadau ‹meun LEN wad, meun len WA de› (masculine noun)
1
(dental) filling

:_______________________________.

mewnlifiad, mewnlifiadau ‹meun LIV yad, meun liv YA de› (masculine noun)
1
influx
2
Y Mewnlifiad, the Influx, the name given to the great in-migration of (in general) well-off English people from around 1970 to the areas of Wales which had so far resisted Anglicisation. The immigrants usually have little sympathy for Welsh language and culture and refuse to adapt to the ways of the Welsh inhabitants. Young Welsh people adapt to the incomers and the natural process of transmission of Welsh cultural values is greatly impaired.

:_______________________________.

mewn steil ‹meun steil adverb
1
in style
Awn â chi i'r eglwys mewn steil
We'll take you to the church in style (advert for a wedding car-hire firm in Llan-rwst, North-west Wales, 2000)

:_______________________________.

mewn twll ‹meun tulh
1
in a hole
gadael (rhywun) mewn twll to leave (somebody) in the lurch (“to leave somebody in a hole”)

:_______________________________.

mewnwadn mewn -wadən› masculine noun
PLURAL
mewnwadnau ‹meun-wad-ne›
1
inner sole, insole = insert in shoe

ETYMOLOGY: (mewn = in) + soft mutation + (gwadn = sole)

:_______________________________.

mewnwthiad ‹meun- uth -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL
mewnwthiadau ‹meun-uth- yaa -de›
1
Geology intrusion = injection of molten rock into spaces between existing rock; the mass of injected rock

ETYMOLOGY: (stem of mewnwthio = intrude) + (-iad)

:_______________________________.

mewnwthiennol ‹meu-nuth- ye -nol› adjective
1
intravenous; pigiad mewnwthiennol = intravenous injection

ETYMOLOGY: (mewn = in) + soft mutation + (gwthiennol relating to the vein or veins)

:_______________________________.

mewnwthio ‹meu- nuth -yo› verb
1
verb with an object; Geology intrude = force molten rock into spaces between other rock strata

ETYMOLOGY: (mewn = inside) + soft mutation + (gwthio = push)

:_______________________________.

mewnwthiol ‹meun- uth -yol› adjective
1
Geology intrusive = forced while molten into cracks between existing rocks

ETYMOLOGY: (stem of mewnwthio = intrude) + (-iol)

:_______________________________.

mewn ychydig amser ‹meun ə-khə-dig am-ser› adverb
1
in a short time (“in a-little-bit (of) time”)

:_______________________________.

mewn ymwchil am ‹meun əm-khwil am› phrase preposition
1
in search of, looking for
Daeth heliwr heibio mewn ymchwil am filgi ieuanc
A hunter came by in search of a young greyhound (= wishing to buy a young greyhound)


ETYMOLOGY: (mewn = in) + (ymwchil = search) + (am = for)

:_______________________________.

mewyn meu -in› masculine noun
1
county of Môn small object

ETYMOLOGY: (mew) + (-yn);
mew is probably from mewerth < *meiwerth < dimeiwerth (= ha'pennyworth, something with the value of half a penny)

:_______________________________.

mewn ystyr arall ‹meun ə -stir a-ralh› adverb
1
in another sense, in another way

:_______________________________.

meysydd mei -sidh› -
1
fields; plural of maes

:_______________________________.

mh- (1)
1
an aspirated m, the nasal mutation of p
pen
(= head), fy mhen (= my head)
Pwllheli (name of a town), ym Mhwllheli (= in Pwllheli)
:_______________________________.

mh- (2)
1
a notional representation using Roman letters of a sound intermediate between ‹m› and ‹v› which was the original soft mutation of ‹m› before it was replaced by ‹v›
In very early Anglicisations of Welsh words it is represented by “m” – possibly to English ears in that period it was not distinguishable from
‹m›. This would account for the seeming omission of soft mutation in Englished forms such as

..a/ “Carmarthen” (Caerfyrddin) town name: “(Roman) camp at Myrddin”

(caer = fort) + soft mutation + (Myrddin, the name of an nearby old British fort, literally “sea fort”)

..b/ “Glamorgan” (Gwlad Forgan) name of a region – “(the) land (of) Morgan”

(gwlad = land, country) + soft mutation + (Morgan)

..c/
Apparently in the English form of Llanfihangel y Bont-faen, in Bro Morgannwg / Vale of Glamorgan, which is “Llanmihangel”

(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Mihangel = Michaelangelus, Michael the Archangel)

..d/ Ogwr (= river name) < Ogfwr. This [v] comes from British m, which in early Welsh was “mh”, and is preserved in the English form of the name, Ogmore

:_______________________________.

’mhel mhel (verb)
1 colloquial form of ymhél (qv)
ymhél â (rhywbeth) become involved with


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