kimkat1077e A Welsh to
English Dictionary in scroll-down format. Geiriadur Cymraeg a Saesneg ar
fformat sgrolio-i-lawr.
16-09-2020
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:_______________________________.
F, f ‹èv› feminine noun
1) sixth letter of the twenty-six letter Roman alphabet
...1
a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 d 5 e, 6 f, 7 g,
8 h, 9 i, 10 j, 11 k, 12 l, 13 m, 14 n, 15 o, 16 p, 17 q, 18 r, 19 s, 20 t, 21 u, 22 v, 23 w, 24 x, 25 y, 26 z
2) eighth
letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff,
10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y
:_______________________________.
f
The sound ‹v› in Welsh is written as 'f'.
Origin of the consonant ‹v› in Welsh:
It comes from two main sources
(1) It is a development of the
consonants ‹b› or ‹m› in British. (British words came from either
Common Celtic, or were loans from Latin during the Roman occupation of the
island.)
(2) It is found in words taken from
English in later centuries.
1 In words from British of Common Celtic origin from an original “b” or
“m”
.....(1) lam- > llawf (=
hand).
Now llaw, without the final “f”, though this is retained in compounds:
llofnod
signature (llawf = hand) + (nod = mark)
llofrudd
murderer (llawf = hand) + soft mutation + (rhudd = red)
.....(2) dub- > duf > du (=
black)
Some English place names of British
origin have ‹m› in modern English, but ‹v› in Welsh. This shows that they were taken into
English the early Welsh period, before the change (m > v) occurred (probably
circa the year 500)
(1) (“tam-”) Tefeidiad
(river name, county of Powys), in English “Teme”
(2) (“tam-”) river names “Thame”, “Tame” in England which correspond to the name of two
rivers in Wales – Taf
(3) (“from-”) name of some rivers in England - “Frome” - which corresponds to the name of a river in Wales,
in Môn – Ffraw, anciently Ffrawf
Other names must be later
borrowings, because English has ‹v› as in Welsh
–
(1) British abona = river, Welsh afon
‹a-von›;
hence certain English river names “Avon” ‹ei-vən›, rather than *Abon
(2) River name in British Sabrina, Welsh Hafren, English Severn
(the English name though preserving the initial “s”, which in early Welsh
became “h”)
2 Similarly in words of Latin origin via British from an original “b” or
“m”.
Some examples are:
....(1) elementum > elfen (= element)
....(2) forma > ffurf (= form)
....(3) firmâmenta > ffyrfafen > ffurfafen (= firmament)
....(4) taberna > tafarn (=
tavern)
....(5) tabulum > tafell (=
slice)
3 From English
.....(1) Middle English “vicker”
(modern English “vicar”) > ficer
.....(2) English “van” > fan
.....(3) English “vanilla” > fanila
Some words with initial ‹f› are from south-western English, where an ‘f’
in standard English was a ‘v’ in this part of England. This was a
characteristic until recent decades of the spoken language in the county of
Somerset, for example. Thus ‘fir trees’ would have been ‘vir trees’ – in
south-east Wales (where there was much immigration from these areas of
England), this is fer ‹ver› (= fir trees)
(There are also English place names
here with initial ‘v’, such as “Vishwell”, ‘fish well’, a well with fish)
4 “f” also results from the the soft-mutation of “b” and “m”
.....(1) brân = crow, y frân =
the crow
.....(2) mam = mother, y fam =
the mother
Because an initial ‘f’ is usually a
soft-mutated consonant, there has been a tendency to assume that words taken
from English beginning with ‘f’ are in fact soft-mutated forms and to replace
it with ‘b’ or ‘m’.
(1) Thus in the past ficer was often found as bicer, though the form with ‘f-’ is the
standard modern form.
(2) English “frog” from a
south-western form “vrog-“ became froga
[VROO-ga] in Welsh, and later broga
(= frog).
(3) English “to vex” became Welsh fecso > becso (= to worry) (standard form)
(4) English “venture” became Welsh fenter > menter (= a business venture) (standard form)
(5) English “vantage” became Welsh fantais > mantais (= advantage, benefit) (standard form)
(6) English “velvet” became Welsh felfed > melfed (= velvet) (standard form)
_______________________________________________________________
The loss of an initial f- ‹v›
Words with loss of initial f-, where the form without this f is now standard:
...(a) ab, ap < fab (soft
mutation of mab = son) (Siôn ab Elis Siôn son (of) Elis, Morgan ap Llywelyn Morgan son (of)
Llywelyn, etc)
...(b) ’e < fe (preverbal
particle) fe ddaeth (= he came) < ’e
ddaeth
...(c) ed (in the Welsh of south-east Wales = as far as) < fed < *bed
Words with loss of initial f which
is not considered standard:
...(d) erch, ach, ych < ferch
(soft mutation of merch = daughter)
(in old patronymics: Gwenllian ych Llywelyn, etc - Gwenllian
daughter (of) Llywelyn)
...(e) i < fi (postverbal
pronoun) gwela i (= I see) < gwelaf
fi
...(f) ’y < fy < *my = my
fy mrawd =
my brother, but colloquially generally 'y
mrawd
...(g) ychydig (= a little bit) < fychydig
(soft mutation of bychydig)
__________________________________________________
The loss of a medial -f- ‹v›
Words with loss of medial -f- which is now standard (the loss took place at a very
early period in some of these words):
1 loss of medial -f-
Words with
loss of medial -f- which is now standard (the loss took place at a very
early period in some of these words):
..1/ amod
(condition) < amfod < (am intensifying prefix) + soft
mutation + (bod = to be)
..2/ anoddyfn (“y” = ‹i› ) > (loss of
the [v]) anoddy’n
/ anoddyn ‹a-nô-dhin› > anoddun ‹a-nô-dhin› (= very deep) (anoddyn =
anoddun - same pronunciation)
as in the
place name Ffos Noddun (near Capelgarmon,
county of Conwy)
..3/ bual
(buffalo) < bufal < Latin bûbal(us)
..4/ Camarch
(SN9521) (name of a river in Powys)
< Camfarch
(“(the) winding (river / stream called) March”)
(cam
= winding) + soft mutation + (March = stream name, literally “horse”)
..5/ codi
(= rise, get up; lift) < *cy'odi < cyfodi
..6/ col
(= lap) < cofl
..7/ cyfúwch
(= as high [as]) < cy'úwch < cuwch
..8/ dilin
pure, fine, refined; polished
dilin < dilyn <
dilyfn
This is (di-
= intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (llyfn = smooth)
Generally
in the expression aur dilin fine gold
..9/ dod
(= to come) < dy’od < dyfod
..10/ dŵr
(= water) < dw’wr < dwfwr < dwfr - though retained in the
plural dyfroedd (waters)
..11/
GWYDDOR
Latin abecedārium
>
British *ab’kēdār-
> Early
Welsh *afgwyddawr
>
agwyddawr (loss of the consonant f
[v] )
> agwyddor (aw reduced to o in the
final syllable)
> egwyddor (a becomes e)
> gwyddor (e dropped)
egwyddor = principle, gwyddor (=
alphabet)
..11/ lawr
(= laver, type of seaweed) < lafwr < English laver <
Latin
..12/ Llannor
< Llanfor < Llanfawr (llan fawr = big church)
..13/ Ogwr
(= river name) < Ogfwr. This [v] comes from British m, and early Welsh “mh”,
which is preserved in the English form of the name, Ogmore. See “mh”
..14/ Rhosyr
(equivalent to modern Welsh Rhos
Fair “(the) upland / moor (of the Virgin) Mary”)
Rhósyr < Rhóser < Rhóseir < Rhósfeir
< Rhos Féir
(rhos
= upland) + soft mutation + (Meir,
older form of Mair = Mary).
(The name would thus be similar in meaning
to Bryn Mair “(the) hill (of the Virgin) Mary”), in the village name Llan-bryn-mair
in Powys)
(though some
dispute this explanation rhos + Mair)
2 Words
with loss of
medial f which is not considered standard:
..1/ cas
(South Wales - he, she, it got / received) < cafas
(though
Standard Welsh uses cafodd; this full form cafas is now obsolete
in literary Welsh)
..2/ ces
(I got, I received) < cefes < cefais
..3/ ella
a northern form of efallai = perhaps
..4/ gwefus
= lip; gweus, a form used in some dialects
NOTE: Examples also exist in English of a loss of medial -v-:
..1/ Denshire < Devonshire
A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady: to
which is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837: “BEAT and
BURNING-BEAT… peat- or sod-burning; an agricultural operation, which appears to
have originated in Devonshire, and hence is called Denshiring in many parts.”
..2/ e'er < ever (poetic, jocular)
..3/ Hallowe’en < Allhallowe’en < Allhalloweven (“all hallows’ eve”, “eve of All
Saints’ Day”
(all) + (hallow = saint) + (even = eve, evening)
..4/ has /haz/ < /havz/ (he has a small house, etc)
..5/ had < havd (she had a rest, etc)
..6/ hawk Old English "hafoc" (the "f" was pronounced ‹v›)
..7/ head Old English
"hêafod" (the "f" was pronounced ‹v›)
..8/ ne'er-do-well < never do well
__________________________________________________
Intrusive
medial -f- ‹v›
(a) lle (= place), lleydd (= places), now llefydd,
used colloquially. The standard uses a different plural termination to give lleoedd
(b) llyu (= to lick), now llyfu in standard Welsh
(c) lwans (= allowance), now lwfans in standard Welsh
__________________________________________________
Change of
medial “f ” ‹v› > “w”
In certain
dialects, medial f ‹v› has become w
(a) brecwast (qv) (breakfast), < *brecfast ‹brékvast›,
from English breakvast, a south-west
England form of breakfast
Sq[uire Turnbull]. How does thee like
London ?
Miss Turn[bull]. I knaw not. It do
zeem a strange place.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. A strange place!
Miss Turn[bull]. Ees—I do think it
be.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. Thee dost?
Miss Turn[bull]. Ees.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. An' zo do
I—whereby, dost zee, I'll get out n't as vast as I can—a pretty chace, as the
man zaid that rode vifty miles a'ter a wild goose.—London ! —an' this be
London, the devil take London—Come, pack up thy ribbands an' vlappets, an' make
thyzel ready.
Miss Turn[bull]. Neea, zure—you
wun't go zo zoon.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. Wun't I ?—an' I
stay in this town to-night, I'll eat it vor breakvast tomorrow.
Duplicity; Comedy, in
five Acts. As performed at the Theatre-Royal, Covent-Garden. T. Thomas
Holcroft. (1811. Edinburgh. A collection of Successful Modern Plays, as acted
at the Theatres Royal, London. Printed from the prompt books under the
authority of the managers. Selected by Mrs. Inchbald. In ten volumes. Vol. iv.).
(b) clefri (mange, scabies) > clewri (South-west Wales)
(c) cyfarfod (meeting; to meet) > c'farfod > cwarfod (North Wales)
(d) The element faen , the soft mutation of maen (= stone). The change [v] > [w]
occurs in the word llechfaen (=
bakestone) > llechfen (usual
reduction of a diphthong ae in a
final syllable to e) > llechwen, llechwan
The place name Corwen was in centuries past Corfen, apparently corfaen (= little stone)
(e) gwefl (lip of an animal) > gwewl (South-west Wales)
(f)) gyferbyn (opposite) > g'ferbyn > gwerbyn
(g) English peevish > Welsh pifis > piwis
(peevish, bad-tempered) (North Wales word)
(h) taflod (hay loft) > tawlod (South-east Wales)
(i) South Wales walle (= perhaps) < ?*ewalle < efallai.
Usually with “f ” - falle.
(j) ysgrifennu (to write) > 'sg'fennu > sgwennu (North Wales)
(k) ysgyfarnog (hare) > 'sg'farnog > sgwarnog (North Wales)
__________________________________________________
Change of “f ” ‹v› >
“ff” ‹f›
(a) cannwyll frwyn (rush candle) > cannwyll ffrwyn in some dialects
Again, dialectically, fy (my) > ff
(b) fy hunan (myself) > f'unan
> ff'unan
(c) fy llaw (my hand) > ff'llaw
(d) fy iechyd (my health) > ff'iechyd
(e) Bodfari (village in the north-east) > Botffari
For other examples, see the entry ff
__________________________________________________
f > dd
Change of “f ” ‹v› > “dd” ‹dh›
1/ Standard forms
with dd instead of an original f:
(a) Caer-dyf > Caer-dydd = capital of Wales, Cardiff;
the Englished form
is from a time before the ‹v› became ‹dh› in this name (apparently in the 1700s); and this
final ‹v› in English was
replaced by its unvoiced counterpart ‹f›.
(b) Godrefi Bach > Godreddi Bach place name in Môn;
godref is 'little house'
(go diminutive prefix) + soft mutation + (tref
= house, farmstead)
2/ Dialect forms
with dd instead of an original f:
(a) Llangwyryfon > Llangwrddon (village in Ceredigion)
llan y gwyrýfon > llan gwyrýfon / Llangwyrýfon >
?Llangwyr’fon > ?Llangwr’fon > ?Llangwr’ddon
"LLANGWYRYVON, or LLANGRWYDDON,
(LLAN Y GWYRYDDON), a parish in the lower division of the hundred of ILAR,
county of CARDIGAN, SOUTH WALES, 8 miles (S. by E.) from Aberystwith,
containing 533 inhabitants. The name of this place signifies " the church
of the Virgins," and is derived from the dedication of its church to
St.Ursula, and the eleven thousand virgins. The parish is situated on the
southern bank of the Wyrai river, and comprises a considerable tract of
enclosed and well-cultivated land, with a large portion of open and elevated
common...."
[From Samuel Lewis's A
Topographical Dictionary of Wales 1833]
(b tyfu > tyddu to grow
(c) Eifionydd > Eiddionydd district in Gwynedd
(d) rhofiad > rhoddiad spadeful (South-east Wales)
……………………………
Some Points of Similarity in the Phonology of Welsh and Breton, T.H. Parry-Williams, 1913 In W[elsh], however, the interchange of f and dd is quite common, especially in the dial[ect]s… (Words in red added for clarification, and do occur not in the original text) He gives the following examples of f > dd afanc (= a beaver) > addanc
camfa (a stile ) > camdda
cymanfa (a congregation, convention) > cymandda
Eifionydd (a district in Carnarvonshire) > Eiddionydd
gwefus (lip) > gweddus
gwyrf (= virgin) > (gwyryf) > (gweryf) > gwerydd
pendefig (prince, chief) > pendeddig
plwyf (parish) > plwydd
And for the reverse change dd > f he has: byddigions (boneddigion, with the plur[al] -s ending of English), (= gentry) > byfigions
eiddil (delicate, tender ) > eifil
nwyddau (goods) > nwyfau
Cf. y fannodd for y ddannodd
(toothache).
……………………………
plwydd sometimes takes the
place of plwyf (= parish) as in the place name Pen-isha-plwydd (qv),
a farm by Y Pandy in the county of Mynwy
(This is a local
form of pen isaf y plwyf “the bottom part of the parish”)
This change has
also been noted in Ceredigion (Y Geninen Cyfrol 32 1914 tudalennau 138-141.)
__________________________________________________
A final “f ” ‹v› dropped after monosyllables (early Welsh)
These changes took place early on in
the language:
(a) du (black) < duf
The final consonant has been
retained in the Irish equivalent dubh
(black) (where 'bh' represents the sound ‹v›)
(b) Ffraw (river name) < Ffrawf,
as in the place name Abérffraw,
though the current colloquial form is a modification of this: Y Berffro
(c) llaw (hand) < llawf -
occurs in the derivative llofrudd
(murderer), from llawf rudd (red
hand).
The final consonant has been
retained in the Irish equivalent lámh
(hand) (where 'mh' represents the sound ‹v›)
(d) rhaw (spade) < rhawf
- occurs in the derivative rhofiad
(spadeful).
The final consonant has been retained
in the Irish equivalent rámh (oar)
(where 'mh' represents the sound ‹v›)
(e) tu (side) < tuf.
The final consonant has been
retained in the Irish equivalent taobh
(side) (where 'bh' represents the sound ‹v›)
An example in English of a similar
phenomenon is the colloquial form of "of", which becomes simply ‹ə›: standard in "o' clock"
__________________________________________________
∆
A final “f ” ‹v› dropped after monosyllables (northern Welsh)
A final f is dropped after many monosyllables in Northern Welsh, but
retained in the south
|
Standard Welsh |
Northern spoken
Welsh |
Southern spoken
Welsh |
|
cryf (strong), |
cry' |
cryf |
|
haf (summer) |
ha' |
haf |
|
saf (stand!) |
sa' |
saf (sa' is possible too in the south) |
|
pryf (animal) |
pry' |
pryf |
But sometimes the final -f is retained even in spoken Northern
Welsh.
(1) Words from British (either
British < Latin, or British < Celtic)
bref (bleat
of a sheep, low of a cow) (retains f
in standard Welsh, and both in northern spoken and southern spoken)
dof (tame)
prif (main,
principal, major)
rhwyf (oar)
Taf (name of
two rivers in South Wales)
(2) Words which are later
incorporations into Welsh:
braf (fine).
From English “brave”, formerly pronounced {braav} – the Welsh word is a
borrowing from a time before the change to the modern pronunciation in English
{breiv}.
_______
Although in the spelling of place
names the standard literary form is preferred (that is, whith the inclusion of
the final –f [v]), there are numerous instances, especially in minor names, of
this colloquial feature
..1/ CRA [kraa] < CRAF [kraav]
Pant-y-cra ‹pant-ə- kraa › street name, Tabor, Dolgellau
(spelt in Tabor as “Pant y Cra”)
(“(the) hollow (of) the ramsons /
wild garlic”)
(pant = hollow) + (y
definite article) + (cra = ramsons /
ad-leaved wild garlic (Allium ursinum))
..2/ FFRAW [frauv] < FFRAW [frauv]
The northern river name possibly
exhibits this feature, though the adjective was in use in the medieval period
(= brisk, lively) and it occureed in the reduced form ffraw.
Also in the name of the locality on
the mouth of the river, Abérffraw, a literary form respresenting an
earlier stage in the development of the place name, which later became Abérffro
from which today’s colloquial form Y Berffro is derived
..3/ GO [goo] < GOF [goov]
.....(1) Cae-go (cae’r gof “(the) field (of) the smith”) district
west of Rhos-ddu (county of Wrecsam)
.....(2) Coed-y-go (coed y gof “(the) wood (of) the blacksmith”)
A locality in Croesoswallt
(Oswestry), in the county of Shropshire, England;
(coed = wood) + (y =
the) + (gof = smith, blacksmith).
On English maps with the partially
Englished spelling Coed-y-Goe
.....(3) Ffos-y-go (ffos y gof “(the) ditch (of) the smith”) SJ 3054
village 5km north-west of Wrecsam and 1km north-west of Gwersyllt
....4/ Gwern-y-go SO2291
locality in Sarn, Y Drenewydd, district of Maldwyn (county of Powys)
..4/ HA [haa] < HAF [haav]
Northern speakers who use the Welsh
name for the Welsh county of Somerset (Gwlad yr Haf, “(the) land (of)
the summer”, that is, the land of summer pasture, parallelling the English
name), are to heard sometimes saying Gwlad yr Ha
__________________________________________________
A final “f ” ‹v› dropped after polysyllables (colloquial Welsh)
A final f ‹v› was dropped in polysyllables in
spoken Welsh in the fourteenth century. At first there was a tendency to drop
the final -f after -i, and later after other vowels.
Even though the loss of this final f has been usual in spoken Welsh for
some six or seven hundred years, it is still retained in the standard language
Examples below of standard Welsh
> spoken Welsh
..(a) cyfaddef (to confess), > cyfadde'
..(b) cartref (home), > cartre'
..(c) cyntaf (first), > cynta'
..(d) gwddf (neck)
> gwddwf (intrusive vowel) > gwddw (North Wales)
In South Wales gwddw > gwddwg (South Wales), with an extraneous consonant
__________________________________________________
A final “f ” ‹v› dropped after polysyllables (standard Welsh)
Some words though became standard
without the final f
●Adda (Adam) < Addaf
●Aberffraw ‹a-BER-frau› (village on the island of Môn) < Aberffrawf
(unless
this is Aber + Ffraw, with the river name
an example of a monosyllable showing a loss of the final [v], a common feature
in northern Welsh; see Ffraw above)
●cleddyf (sword), which is the name of two rivers Cleddy Wen ('white sword') and Cleddy Ddu ('black sword') in
South-west Wales.
There is a variant of cleddyf, namely
cleddau, as in the town name Aberdaugleddau below where the two Cleddy rivers join, at he point where
they flow into the sea; “(the) mouth (of) (the) Daugleddau (river)”
(dau = two) + soft mutation +
(Cleddau river name)
●cwrw (beer) < cwrwf
●cyffur (drug, medicament) < cyffurf (cy- = prefix) +
(ffurf = form)
●moli (to praise) < molif
Words which have entered the spoken
language from the literary language retain the final f
● gorsaf (station), not *gorsa
● heulsaf (solstice), not *heulsa
__________________________________________________
A final “f ” ‹v› which is unetymological
Examples of a final f which is unetymological:
●hyf
(insolent).
The historical form is hy, but it has imitated the pattern of
the adjective cryf which is not very
dissimilar in meaning
i.e. cryf / cry'
(strong); cryfed (as strong), cryfach (stronger), cryfaf (strongest)
Hence the modern literary form hyf, hyfed, hyfach, hyfaf
●grof (county
of Penfro) fine river sand < gro
(= gravel, shingle)
● cnuf < cnu (= fleece) ‹kniiv› (both forms are standard, though cnu is the preferred form)
● gwyryf Latin
..a) *virgo
(= maid, maiden) → *virg- → Welsh
*gwyrgh
..b) *gwyrgh
<gwirgh> →
*gwyry <gwiri> (vocalisation of “gh” after “r”)
..c) *gwyry with the addition of a final ‹v› to give
modern Welsh gwyryf (= virgin)
:_______________________________.
fa ‹VA› pronoun
1 he (South-east Wales)
Ble ma fa? (= ble y mae ef) Where is
he?
:_______________________________.
-fa ‹VA› suffix
1 place
Nouns formed with this suffix are
feminine. Often used in forming house names.
..a/ coedfa wood, woodland, wooded place
(coed
= wood) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)
..b/ creigfa rocky place
(creig-
< craig = rock) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place
..c/ Derwenfa “place of the oak tree”
(derwen
= oak) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)
House name
in Dinbych (county of Dinbych / Denbigh) (in the list of members in “The
Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1) (as “Bro
Hedd”)
..d/ gwladfa colony = settlement of people far
from their homeland who maintain ties with the country of origin
(gwlad
= country)+ (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)
..e/ Hafanfa (house name) haven
(“haven-place”) (hafan = haven) + (-fa)
Exception to the gender rule:
Although –fa nouns are as a
rule feminine, there is an exception:
morfa, y morfa sea marsh, the sea marsh
:_______________________________.
-fab ‹vab›
1 suffix used in creating pseudonyms
Glynfab ‘son
of Glyn (Rhondda)’, i.e. son of the Rhondda Valley (glyn = valley)
In the list of subscribers to the
memorial volume to the poet Twynog published in 1912 (“Twynog - Cyfrol Goffa y
diweddar T. Twynog Jeffreys, Rhymni”) there appear
(1) Mr. Ben Jones, Merthyrtudful (Merthyrfab) (“son of Merthyr”)
(2) Brynfab, Pont-y-pridd (“son (of the) hill”), possibly from Y
Bryniau (“the hills”), the old name for the heads of the South Wales valleys.
This was the pseudonym of Thomas Williams (1848-1927), born at Fforchaman, a
farm in Cwmaman, Aber-dâr. There is a Heol Brynfab (“Brynfab Road”) in
Pont-y-pridd to commemorate this writer and poet, who lived most of his life at
Eglwysilan, between Pont-y-pridd and Ystradmynach.
(3) Mr. James Williams, Fochriw (Pentwynfab) (“son of Pentwyn” – a village
name)
(4) Mr. David Davies, Aberaman (Eurfab) (“son of gold” – aur = gold)
ETYMOLOGY: soft-mutated form of mab (= son)
:_______________________________.
Y Fachddeiliog ‹ə vaakh DHEIL yog›
1 place in
Y Bala
Safai yr hen Wenallt mewn pantle, rhwng y fan y saif y Wenallt presenol
a'r llwyn o goed a elwir Nyrs Fachddeiliog, yn ymyl hen orsaf ffordd haiarn y
Bala.
Adgofion Andronicus (= John William
Jones, Y Bala, 1842-1895) Cyhoeddwyd: Caernarfon 1894 t24
The old Wenallt (farmhouse) stood in
a hollow, between the place where the present Wenallt stands and a wood which
was called Fachddeiliog Nursery, next to the old railway station in Y Bala
ETYMOLOGY: (“leafy nook” (y =
definite article) + soft mutation + (bach = nook, corner, secluded spot)
+ soft mutation + (deiliog = leafy)
:_______________________________.
Y Fach-wen ‹vaakh WEN›
1 place name - the white nook
:_______________________________.
Fadog ‹vâ -dog› masculine
noun
1 soft-mutated form (m > f) of the man’s name Madog, occurring as
a genitive form in certain place names after a feminine main element
,,,1/ Bron Fadog (“(the) hillside (of) Madog”) field name SH 77417 63499,
Llanrhychwyn, Sir Gaernarfon / Caernarfonshire
…2/ Craig Fadog (“(the) crag (of) Madog”) 1.5 km north-west of
Fforddygyfraith (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
…3/ Heolfadog (“(the) road (of) Madog”) farm north-east of Y Pil / Pyle
(county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
…4/ Llain Fadog (“(the) narrow-strip (of) Madog”) field in
Llanddona, Ynys Môn
…5/ Pontfadog pont Fadog
(“(the) bridge (of) Madog”) village 6km west of Y Waun / Chirk, county of
Wrecsam, North-east Wales
:_______________________________.
Y Faenol ‹ə vei -nol›
1 locality SH5369 in Y Felinheli (county of Gwynedd)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/364960 fferm y Faenol
Parc y Faenol SH5468 locality in the county of Gwynedd
English
name: Vaynol Park “(the) field (of) the house of the district chief”
(parc
= field) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (maenol,
northern form of maenor = house of the district chief)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/116789 Parc y Faenol
2 Name of a tithing in Tywyn (county of Gwynedd)
Here there
is “Faenol Avenue”, which would be Ffordd y Faenol (amongst other
possibilities) in Welsh
Also there
is a street here called Faenol Isaf
3 “Faenol Avenue” Name of a street in Abergele (county of Conwy)
This would
be Ffordd y Faenol (amongst other possibilities) in Welsh
ETYMOLOGY:
“the house of the district chief”
(y
= definite article) + soft mutation + (maenol, northern form of maenor
= house of the district chief; maenor is literally ‘stones’, < maenawr;
maen (= stone) + (-awr plural suffix).
Another
name with this suffix is the village of Croesor (Gwynedd) SH6344 < croesawr
“crosses”
NOTE: The
English spelling Vaynol is a good indication of the pronunciation of the word
in Welsh
NOTE: In
various publications the word “maenol” is said to be “a corruption of the
English word manor”. This is a respelling of Middle English “maner”, from Old
French “manoir” (= dwelling), a substantive use of the verb “manoir”
(= to dwell, to remain) < Latin “manēre”
( = remain, stay). But despite the similarity in form of the two words, the
Welsh word is not a loan word from English. Indeed, had the English word been
taken into Welsh it could not have produced the form “maenor / maenol”.
:_______________________________.
Y Faenor ‹ə vei -nor›
1 (SO0410) locality in the district of Brycheiniog
(county of Powys). English spelling: Vaynor
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/307513 Eglwys y Faenor
2 a parish at this place
(1961)
population: 3.472; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 26%
(1971)
population: 3.475; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 14%
ETYMOLOGY:
“the house of the district chief”
(y
= definite article) + soft mutation + (maenor = house of the district
chief)
In fact, a
short name for an original Maenorwynno (“(the) tract (of) Gwynno”)
(maenor =
tract, administrative division) + soft mutation + (Gwynno = saint’s
name)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/307513
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically
representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great
Britain and Ireland…”)
See maenor
NOTE: The
English spelling Vaynor is a good indication of the pronunciation of the word
in Welsh
:_______________________________.
Y Faenor Uchaf ‹ə vei –nor ii-kha›
1 (SN6182) parish in Ceredigion (Dyfed)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN6182 Comins-coch
ETYMOLOGY:
“upper Faenor” (y Faenor) + (uchaf = upper);
maenor (= house of the
district chief)
:_______________________________.
Y Faerdre ‹ə
veir–dre›
1 place name
A
colloquial pronunciation is Y Fardre (qv), and this
sometines appears on maps
..a/ Y Faedre SN6901 a district of Abertawe http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN6901
..b/ Y Faedre SH2530 farm in Botwnnog (Gwynedd)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/615060
..c/ Y Faedre Fawr SN4242a farm in Llandysul (Ceredigion)
(“greater
Faerdre”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/756721
..d/ Gwaralltyfaerdre SN4349 farm in Bwlchyfadfa, Ceredigion
(“crest of
the hill overlooking Y Faerdre”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN4349
..e/ Tomen y Faerdre SJ1956 mound at Llanarmon yn Iâl (Dinbych)
(“castle
mound at Y Faerdre”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/113830
..f/ Llanilltud Faerdre (ST0784) village in the county of Rhondda
Cynon Taf
(“the
Llanilltud which is by Y Faerdre”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/524012
..g/ Y Faerdre (SH7879) locality in Degannwy (Conwy). On the
Ordnance Survey map as “The Vardre”.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/657997
ETYMOLOGY:
“(the) trêv
or farmstead (of) the maer or steward”
(y definite article ) + soft mutation + (maerdre < maerdref a steward’s farmstead)
A final f [v] in a polysyllabic word is retained in the literary language, though
it has not been a feature of the spoken language for some centuries
Maerdref is (maer = steward) + soft
mutation + (tref = trêv, farmstead)
:_______________________________.
’fagddu ‹vag -dhi› feminine
noun
1 usually as y fagddu < afagddu
(= utter darkness; hell), from Afagddu, which was the nickname of Morfran eil Tegid, the son of Ceridwen, in
medieval Welsh lore..
yn dywyll fel y fagddu pitch dark
mor dywyll â’r fagddu pitch dark
See Afagddu
:_______________________________.
fagl
‹va
-gal› feminine
noun
1 Soft-mutatred form of magl (= trap)
y fagal (= the trap)
2 In Yr Hob (county of Wrecsam) there is a street called “Fagl Lane”
(which would be Lôn y Fagl in Welsh)
:_______________________________.
fain ‹vain› adjective
1 Soft mutated form (m > f) of main
= slim, skinny, thin
merch fain a
slim girl (there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which
follows a feminine noun)
In the past there was soft mutation
with an adjective after a man’s name in forming epithets, and there are
examples in modern Welsh
Dic Fain
(slim Dick / Richard) (Example from Llafar Gwlad, number 73, Haf (summer) 2001
an article by Bobi Owen on nicknames in Dinbych (‘Denbigh’ in English))
:_______________________________.
faint ‹vaint› pronoun
1 faint? = how much? how many?
faint o bobl?
how many people?
faint o athrawon? how many teachers?
2 (price) faint? = how much? what price?
faint ydi pris y siocled? how much is the choclate?
3 faint o... ac o...? = how
many... and how many... ?
Faint o athrawon ac o lyfrgellwyr Cymru fyddai'n barod i wneud hyn? How many of Wales's teachers and
librarians would be prepared / willing to do this?
4 how long (= faint o amser)
North Wales dweud faint sydd tan 'Dolig berate
somebody ("say how much time there is until Christmas")
am faint mwy bydd y ffilm yn para? how much longer does the film last?
5 faint sydd ei angen arnoch? how much / how many do you need?
(“(it-is) how-much its necessity on you”)
6 (clock time)
Faint o’r gloch yw hi? What time
is it?
Faint wnaiff hi o’r gloch, meddwch
chi? What time do you reckon it is?
7 (linear measurement) what measurement, what distance; how many inches,
how many miles, etc
Faint ych chi am eich cluniau? What’s your hip size? (“what measurement are
you around your hips”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh faint < (pa faint = which amount, what amount)
< (pa = which) + soft mutation + (maint
= size, amount)
:_______________________________.
faint bynnag ‹vaint bə
-nag›
1 whatever (= whatever amount / sum / quantity)
2 faint bynnag fo’i werth
whatever it may be worth
3 faint bynnag o... not matter
how much..., no matter what quantity...
Chewch chi moni hi faint bynnag o arian a wariwch chi
You won’t get it no matter how much
money you spend
ETYMOLOGY: faint bynnag < pa faint
bynnag
(pa = which, what) + soft mutation + (maint = size, quantity) + soft mutation + (pynnag = whatever)
:_______________________________.
faint gwell ‹vaint gwelh
›
1 how much better off
Tawn i’n neud hynny, faint gwell fyddwn i wedyn? If I were to do that, how much
better off would I be afterwards?
Faint gwell fyddwn ni o’i brynu? How much better off are we by buyng it? How
will buying it benefit us?
ETYMOLOGY: (pa faint = what quantity) + (gwell
= better) > pa faint gwell > faint gwell
:_______________________________.
Fair ‹vair› feminine noun
1 soft-mutated form of Mair
= Mary; the Virgin Mary
..1/ Celynnen
Fair (Ruscus aculeatus) butcher's broom (“(the) holly (of) Mary”)
..2/ Y Forwyn Fair
= the Virgin Mary, the Madonna
..3/ Ffynnon Fair Lady Well, (“(the) well (of) Mary”)
..4/ Gwyl
Fair Lady Day, February the second (“(the) feastday (of) Mary”)
..5/ Llanfair
‹lhan-ver› llan Fair (“(the) church (dedicated to)
(the Virgin) Mary”, Mary Church)
..6/ ysgallen
Fair (“(the) thistle (of the Virgin) Mary”) Silybium marianum milk thistle
:_______________________________.
'falau (fale, fala)
‹VA le›
1 apples - clipped form of afalau
:_______________________________.
falf <VALV> [valv] feminine noun
PLURAL falfiau <VALV-yai,
ye> [ˡvalvjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 valve = device which allows a liquid or air to flow in one direction
anly
falf ryddháu
release valve ("valve (of) releasing" < rhyddhau)
falf wagio
exit valve ("valve (of) emptying" < gwagio)
falf ddiogelu
safety valve ("valve (of) keeping safe" < diogelu)
falf gau stop
valve ("valve (of) closing" < cau)
falf bêl
ball valve ("valve (of) ball" < pêl)
ETYMOLOGY: English valve < Middle English < Latin valva (= folding door, door leaf)
:_______________________________.
y fall <ə VALH> [ə vaɬ] feminine noun
1 evil; wickedness; the Evil One, the Devil, Satan; evil people, evil
ones
Samuel-2 22:5 Canys gofidion angau a’m cylchynasant; afonydd y fall a’m dychrynasant
i
Samuel-2 22:5 When the waves of death
compassed me, the floods of ungodly men made me afraid
2 grymoedd y fall the powers
of darkness
ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (mall = blight, plague, pestilence). See mall.
:_______________________________.
falle <VA-lhe> [ˡvaɬɛ] adverb
1 maybe, perhaps; see efallai
NOTE: falle / ’falle < efalle < efallai.
In colloquial Welsh, a final
diphthong "ai" becomes "e" efallai > efalle;
and colloquially in Welsh a first
syllable can drop away in the case of certain words – a very common feature in
Welsh
efalle > ’falle
There is in fact a further
development in the south-east where the intial [v] becomes [w]
Here a final e is pronounced a
(falle > falla) and so falla > walla
Another example of f > w is
the place name Llansantffráid yn Elfael, in mid-Wales, colloquially… yn
Elwel. (final ae, like final ai, becomes e)
Walla <WA-lha> [ˡwɑɬa] is also to be heard as wylla <WƏ-lha> [ˡwəɬa], where the a in the tonic syllable
becomes the obscure vowel [ə] – a feature found in
other words in Welsh
:_______________________________.
Falmai <VAL-mai> [ˡvalmaɪ]
1 woman's name
:_______________________________.
Y Fam Ynys <ə VAM Ə-nis> [ə ˡvam ˡənɪs] feminine noun
1 nickname for Ynys Môn = 'the mother isle', from the saying Môn mam Cymru ("Môn the mother of
Wales") - in former times this fertile island provided the mainland with
grain. The poorer soils and the altitude of the mainland made it difficult to
grow crops there
Mae trigolion y Fam Ynys yn gandryll fod y Sir wedi ei gadael oddi ar yr
arian Iwro newydd
The inhabitants of the Mother Island
are furious that the county has been left off the new Euro money
ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (Mam Ynys "mother island")
:_______________________________.
1 fan <VAN> [van] feminine noun
PLURAL
faniau
<VAN-yai,
ye> [ˡvanjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 van = vehicle for carrying equipment, goods, people
fan fudo removal van (qv)
fan ddodrefn
removal van (North)
fan gelfi
removal van (South)
fan halio tow-truck
fan heddlu police van (qv)
2 van = vehicle for distributing goods (often defined in terms of the
goods carried)
fan ddosbarthu
delivery van
fan ddosrannu delivery
van
fan ddanfon
delivery van
fan bost
post van
fan fara
bread van (qv)
fan lyfrau
book van
3 gyrrwr fan van driver
dyn fan van
driver, van man
4 fan ddu police van
(American: paddy wagon) (Englandic: Black Maria)
5 fan y gard (Railroad /
Railway) (American: baggage car) (Englandic: van, guard's van); final wagon in
a train where the guard travels
ETYMOLOGY: English van < caravan < Italian caravana < Persian kârwân
:_______________________________.
2 fan <VAN> [van]
1 soft mutation of ban (=
peak, mountain top)
In Bannau Brycheiniog <BA-nai,
ne, brə-KHEIN-yog> [ˡbanaɪ, -ɛ, brəˡxəɪnjɔg] ('the
peaks of the region of Brycheiniog') (English: The Brecon Beacons) there are a
number of names with fan
- Y Fan Fawr <ə van VAUR> [ə van ˡvaʊr] “
big peak”
- Y Fan Fraith <ə van VRAITH> [ə van ˡvraɪθ] “speckled
peak”
- Y Fan Hir <ə van HIIR> [ə van ˡhiːr] “long
peak”
Here the soft mutation is to be
expected (singular feminine noun after the definite article)
In other names it is unusual – the
non-mutated form ban would be
expected. It is probably an imitation of the names above (Y Fan Fawr / Fraith /
Hir)
- Fan Bwlch Chwyth <VAN bulkh KHWIITH> [ˡvan bʊlx ˡxwiːθ] “peak
of the windy gap”
- Fan Frynych <van VRƏ-nikh> [van ˡvrənɪx] “Brynach's
peak”
- Fan Gyhirych <VAN gə-HII-rikh> [ˡvan gəˡhiˑrɪx]
- Fan
Llia <van LHII-a> [van ˡɬɪa]
- Fan Nedd <van NEEDH> [van ˡneːð] “peak in the
district of Nedd”
See Y Fan below
:_______________________________.
3 fan <VAN> [van]
1 suffix = place
(soft mutation of man =
place)
canolfan centre
uchelfan high place
It also occurs in house names:
Blodfan flower place, place of flowers
Ceinfan fair place, beautiful place
Cludfan sheltered place, cosy place
Coedfan wood place, place of trees, place by a wood
Creigfan place by the rock or cliff
Eglwysfan place by the church
Goleufan sunlit place
Gwynfan fair place, beautiful place
Glasfan green place, verdant place
Golygfan viewpoint; place with a view
Harddfan fair place, beautiful place
Heddfan place of peace, peaceful place
Heulfan sunlit place
Hyfrydfan pleasant place
Llwydfan grey place; blessèd place
Llwynfan wood place, place by a (small) wood
Llysfan place of the court
Morfan sea place, place by the sea
Tawelfan tranquil place
Tegfan fair place, beautiful place
Tremfan place with a view
:_______________________________.
4 Fan <VAN> [van] feminine noun
Short form of the name Myfanwy
:_______________________________.
Y Fan <ə
VAN> [ə ˡvan]
1 SN5658 hill 283m by Trefilan (Ceredigion)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN5658
Below is a farm called Tal-fan SN5557 tâl
y fan “(place) facing Y Fan” (tâl = forehead) + (Y Fan). The loss of
the linking definite article is a common feature of place names
2 John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff
Records’ (1889-1911):
March 1745. Thomas
Van was indicted for stealing boards from the floors of the Whitefriars,
Cardiff, to build a slope-house in the town.
1754: Alice, wife of Thomas Van, of
Cardiff, victualler, was convicted of stealing four gold guineas. She was
sentenced "To be hanged by the neck," but these words at foot of the
Indictment have been struck through with the pen.
(The name is likely to be Tomos y
Fan, Tomos from Y Fan, a place between Caer-dydd and Caerffili)
https://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=48123
ETYMOLOGY: The hillname Y Fan means
‘the peak’ (y definite article = the) + soft
mutation + (ban = peak)
:_______________________________.
y fan a’r fan <ə VAN ar VAN> [ə ˡvan ar ˡvan]
1 such and such
a place = a place indicated but not specified
yn y fan a’r fan in such
and such a place = in a place indicated but not specified
Aem at bobl y farchnad a dweud
wrthynt fod “John Jones, Tŷ-gwyn,” neu ryw berson dychmygol
arall, yn ymofyn ei weled yn y fan-ar-fan
We would go up to the people in the market and say
to them that John Jones, of Tŷ-gwyn, or some other imaginary person, was
asking to see them in such and such a place
ETYMOLOGY: “the place and the place”
(y = the) + soft mutation + (man = place) , (a’r = and the)
:_______________________________.
fandal <VAN-dal> [ˡvandal] (m)
PLURAL fandaliaid <van-DAL-yaid,
yed> [vanˡdaljaɪd,
-ɛd]
1 vandal
Cafodd y ceiliog alarch ei drin ar ôl i fandaliaid daflu poteli ato
The male swan was treated after
vandals threw bottles at it
ETYMOLOGY: From English vandal < Latin Vandalus < Germanic
:_______________________________.
fandaleiddio <van-dal-EIDH-yo> [vandalˡəɪðjɔ] verb
1 vandalise
ETYMOLOGY: imitation of English vandalise (fandal = vandal) + (-eiddio,
suffix for forming verbs equivalant to the English suffix -ise, -ize)
:_______________________________.
fan fara <van VAA-ra> [van ˡvɑˑra] feminine noun
PLURAL
faniau bara
<VAN-yai,
ye BAA-ra> [ˡvanjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡbɑˑra]
1 baker's van, bread van (for delivering bread, or selling bread)
ETYMOLOGY: (fan = van) + soft mutation + (bara
= bread)
:_______________________________.
fan fudo <van VII-do> [van ˡviˑdɔ] feminine noun
PLURAL
faniau mudo
<VAN-yai,
ye MII-do> [ˡvanjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡmiˑdɔ]
1 removals van
ETYMOLOGY: (fan = van) + soft mutation + (mudo
= move)
:_______________________________.
fanhadlog <va-NHAD-log> [vaˡnhadlɔg] adjective
1 Soft mutated form (b > f) of the adjective banhadlog (= abounding in broom)
Gellifanadlog
place name in Senghenydd (county of Caerffili)
y gelli fanhadlog ‘broomy grove’
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (celli = wood, grove) + soft mutation + (banhadlog = broomy)
There is soft mutation of the first
consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun
2 Soft mutated form (b > f) of the feminine noun banhadlog (= place with broom, broomy land)
:_______________________________.
fan heddlu <van HEDH-li> [van ˡhɛðlɪ] feminine noun
PLURAL faniau heddlu <VAN-yai,
ye HEDH-li> [ˡvanjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡhɛðlɪ]
1 (USA: patrol wagon, paddy wagon) (Englandic: police van, Black Maria)
ETYMOLOGY: "van (of) police" (fan = van) + (heddlu = police)
:_______________________________.
fan hwyraf / fan
hwyra’ <van HUI-rav, van HUI-ra> [van ˡhʊɪrav, van ˡhʊɪra] adverb
1 at the latest
Bydda i nôl am chwech fan hwyraf I'll be back by six at the latest
ETYMOLOGY: (man = place) + (hwyraf =
latest); soft mutation of the intial consonant of the phrase to indicate that
it is adverbial
:_______________________________.
fanila <va-NII-la-> [vaˡniˑla] masculine noun
1 vanilla = tropical orchid of the genus Vanilla, especially Vanilla
fragrans; an extract from the fruit is used as a flavouring
2 vanilla = the fruit or bean of this plant
3 vanilla = the extract from this fruit
coden fanila vanilla pod
ffäen fanila or ffeuen fanila vanilla bean
hufen iâ fanila vanilla ice cream
rhin fanila
vanilla essence
ETYMOLOGY: English vanilla < New Latin < Castilian vainilla (= little pod)
< (vain- < vaina) + (-illa diminutive suffix); vaina < Latin vâgîna (= sheath);
cf Welsh gwain (= sheath, vagina) < Latin vâgîna
:_______________________________.
fan lleiaf, fan
lleia’ <van LHEI-av, van LHEI-a> [van ˡɬəɪav, van ˡɬəɪa] adverb
1 at the very least
Bron nad oedd yr hyn a ddywedwyd yn gabledd; yr oedd fan leiaf yn gablu
urddas y drefn Fethodistaidd
what had been said was almost
blasphemy; at the very least it compromised the dignity of the Methodist order
ETYMOLOGY: (man = place) + (lleiaf =
least); soft mutation of the intial consonant of the phrase to indicate that it
is adverbial
:_______________________________.
fantol <VAN-tol> [ˡvantɔl] feminine noun
1 soft-mutated form of mantol
(= scales)
yn y fantol
(= in the balance, at stake)
:_______________________________.
fanw <VAA-nu> [ˡvɑˑnʊ] (substantival adjective)
1 female, after animal names which are feminine; cath fanw female cat
ETYMOLOGY: soft mutated form of banw,
a variant of benyw (= woman)
:_______________________________.
Y Farchynys <ə VARKH-ənis> [ə ˡvarxənɪs]
1 SH6617 Farm east of Y Bermo
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=285728 map
ETYMOLOGY:
“the horse-island”
(y definite article ) + soft mutation + (marchynys = horse island)
marchynys < (march = horse) + (ynys = island)
Cf Scottish Gaelic Marginis
(English: Markinch) in Fìobha / Fife, said to have been an island in a lake
existing in 1200.
:_______________________________.
Y Fardre <VAR-dre> [ˡvardrɛ]
1 a colloquial form of Y Faerdre (qv)
Y Fardre SH9675 farm by Abergele (“Vardre Fm” = Vardre
Farm on the Ordnance Survey maps)
ETYMOLOGY: y fardre < y faerdre < y
faerdref
“(the) trêv
or farmstead (of) the maer or steward”
(y definite article ) + soft mutation + (maerdre < maerdref a steward’s farmstead)
In South
Wales ae > â (perhaps better spelt aa) in monosyllables is a well-known
feature (maen > mân / maan, etc). In certain words with –r it occurs in the
penult (maerdre > mardre, maerdy > mardy)
:_______________________________.
Fari Lwyd <VAA-ri LUID> [ˡvɑˑrɪ ˡlʊɪd] (f)
1 see Mari Lwyd
:_______________________________.
farnais <VAR-nais, –nes> [ˡvarnaɪs, –nɛs] masculine noun
1 varnish
NOTE: Colloquially farnis /
farnish <VAR-nis, –nish> [ˡvarnɪs, –nɪʃ]
ETYMOLOGY: farnais < English varnish < Middle English < Middle
Frech vernis < Medieval latin vernicium (= sandarac) <
Medieval Greek bernîkê / ber’nîkê, a syncopated form of / Berenîkê,
a city in Cyrenaica
The word was borrowed into Welsh
after the sound change er > ar had occurred in this word in English
Cf other words in Welsh from
English:
..a/ fferm and ffarm (=
farm); the standard form fferm is a pre- “er > ar” form
..b/ person (= parson) is a
pre- “er > ar” form
:_______________________________.
farnais ewinedd <VAR-nais,
nes. eu-II-nedh> [ˡvarnaɪs, -ɛs, ɛʊˡiˑnɛð] masculine noun
1 nail varnish
ETYMOLOGY: "varnish (of)
nails" (farnais = varnish) + (ewinedd = nails)
Also: lliw ewinedd (‘colour
[for] nails’)
:_______________________________.
farneiso <var-NEIS-jo> [varnˡaɪs, -ɛs, ɛʊˡiˑnɛð] masculine noun
1 nail varnish
ETYMOLOGY: "varnish (of)
nails" (farnais = varnish) + (ewinedd = nails)
Also: lliw ewinedd (‘colour
[for] nails’)
:_______________________________.
Farsiafa <var-SHAA-va> [varˡʃɑˑva] feminine noun
1 A Welsh spelling of an approximation of the Polish pronunciation of
Warszawa <var-SHA-va> [varˡʃava], the capital of Poland
English: Warsaw <WOO-soo> [ˡwoˑsoː]
:_______________________________.
Y Farteg <ə VAR-teg> [ə ˡvartɛg]
1 hill name
…1/ Y Farteg SN7707 hill above Ystalyfera (Powys)
(Anglicised as “Varteg Hill”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/18476
Penrhiwfarteg SN7707 <pen-hriu-VAR-teg> [pɛn hrɪʊ ˡvartɛg] place
near here pen rhiw’r farteg “(the) bottom-end (of the) hillside (of) the
Farteg” (pen = end; top) + (rhiw = slope, hillside) + (Y
Farteg hill name). The loss of the linking definite article is a common
feature of place names
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/917581 Penrhiwfarteg
………………………………………………………………
..2/ Street names in the village of
Y Bryn SS8192 (Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) by Heol Maes-teg
..a/ Cwmfarteg <kum-VAR-teg> [kʊmˡvartɛg] (“Cwm
Farteg”) cwm y Farteg “the valley below Y Farteg”
..b/ Brynfarteg <brin-VAR-teg> [brɪnˡvartɛg] (“Bryn Varteg”) bryn y Farteg
bryn y Farteg “the hill of Y Farteg”
(the linking definite article is
very often omitted in place names)
(as a street name with the form of a
settlement name – without any element indicating ‘road’, street’, ‘avenue’, etc
– it is best spelt as a settlement name, i.e. as a single word, Brynfarteg
instead of Bryn Farteg)
..c/ “Varteg Row”, which would be Rhestr
y Farteg in Welsh (and one would expect a local form such as *Ystar
Fartag)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=173213 Y Bryn
………………………………………………………………
…3/ Y Farteg SO2605 village in Torfaen, above
Abersychan and Pont-y-pw^l. On some maps with the English name “Varteg Hill”,
on the Ordnance Survey map as “Varteg”.
Mynydd y Farteg Fawr “greater Mynydd y Farteg”
Mynydd y Farteg Fach “lesser Mynydd y Farteg”
mynydd y Farteg “(the) uplands (of) (the spot called)
Y Farteg”
It seems that here the adjectives mawr
/ bach have soft-mutated because they are used to differentiate each part
of a pair. This is also to be seen in farm names of masculine gender, where a
soft mutated adjective would otherwise not be expected. Thus Y Garth Fawr, Y
Garth Fach, (“Greater Y Garth, lesser Y Garth) instead of Y Garth Mawr, Y
Garth Bach, which would suggest “big hill, little hill” (garth = hill)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/678880 Mynydd y Farteg Fawr
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO2605 Y Farteg
………………………………………………………………
…4/ Penfarteg <pen-VAR-teg> [pɛn ˡvartɛg] SN5162
south of Pennant, Ceredigion, and east of Aberaeron
ETYMOLOGY: y farteg “the fair
place / the fair hill”
(y definite article) + soft mutation + (marteg)
Marteg (qv) was originally marchdeg (march = horse; also used as an intensifying prefix) +
soft mutation + (teg = fair)
The use of
march to intensify is
paralleled by the use of “horse” in English – “horse mushroom”, etc
NOTE:
There has been a tendency to spell some Welsh place names wihich have the
letter “f” with a letter “v” instead, as to non-Welsh speakers it seems absurd
that the letter ‘f’ in Welsh represents the sound [v]. In the case of Y Farteg,
there may also be an attempt to avoid disagreeable associations, as to an
Anglicised mind the correct Welsh spelling resembles the unpleasant English
word ‘fart’.
(delwedd 7428)
:_______________________________.
fasa fawr i ti…? <VA-sa VAUR i ti> [ˡvasa ˡvaʊr ɪ tɪ]
1 (North-west) would you mind…
Fasa fawr i ti roi’r platia ’ma ar y bwrdd?
Would you mind putting these plates on the
table? Could you put these plates on the table for me?
:_______________________________.
fasa fo ddim <VA-sa-vo
DHIM> [ˡvasavɔ
ˡðɪm]
1 he wouldn't (North-west)
:_______________________________.
fasa fo? <VA-sa-vo> [ˡvasavɔ]
1
would he? (North-west)
:_______________________________.
fasa hi ddim ‹VA sa hi DHIM›
1 she wouldn't (North-west)
:_______________________________.
fasa hi? ‹VA sa hi›
1 would she? (North-west)
:_______________________________.
fasach chi ddim ‹VA sa khi DHIM›
1 you wouldn't (North-west)
:_______________________________.
fasach chi? ‹VA sa khi›
1 would you? (North-west)
:_______________________________.
fasan nhw ddim ‹VA sa nu DHIM›
1 they wouldn't (North-west)
:_______________________________.
fasan nhw? ‹VA sa nu›
1 would they? (North-west)
:_______________________________.
fasan ni ddim ‹VA sa ni DHIM›
1 we wouldn't (North-west)
:_______________________________.
fasan ni? ‹VA sa
ni›
1
would we? (North-west)
:_______________________________.
fasat ti ddim ‹VA sa ti DHIM›
1 you wouldn't (North-west)
:_______________________________.
fasat ti? ‹VA sa ti›
1 would you? (North-west)
:_______________________________.
fase fe ddim ‹VA se ve DHIM›
1 he
wouldn't
:_______________________________.
fase fe? ‹VA se
ve›
1
would he?
:_______________________________.
fase fo ddim ‹VA se vo DHIM›
1 he wouldn't (North-east)
:_______________________________.
fase fo? ‹VA se
vo›
1
would he? (North-east)
:_______________________________.
fase hi ddim ‹VA se hi DHIM›
1 she wouldn't (unified colloquial Welsh)
:_______________________________.
fase hi? ‹VA se
hi›
1
would she? (unified
colloquial Welsh)
:_______________________________.
fasech chi ddim ‹VA se khi DHIM›
1 you wouldn't
:_______________________________.
fasen nhw ddim ‹VA se nu DHIM›
1 they wouldn't (unified colloquial Welsh)
:_______________________________.
fasen nhw? ‹VA se nu›
1 would they? (unified colloquial Welsh)
:_______________________________.
fasen ni ddim ‹VA se ni DHIM›
1 we wouldn't (unified colloquial Welsh)
:_______________________________.
fasen ni? ‹VA se
ni›
1
would we? (unified
colloquial Welsh)
:_______________________________.
faset ti ddim ‹VA se ti DHIM›
1 you wouldn't (unified colloquial Welsh)
:_______________________________.
faset ti? ‹VA se ti›
1 would you? (unified colloquial Welsh)
:_______________________________.
faswn i ddim ‹VA sun i DHIM›
1 I wouldn't (unified colloquial Welsh)
:_______________________________.
faswn i? ‹VA sun i›
1 would I? (unified colloquial Welsh)
:_______________________________.
y fath beth ‹ə vaath beeth ›
1 such a thing
Mae’n anodd credu’r fath beth It’s hard to believe such a thing
Duw a’n gwaredo rhag y fath beth God save us from such a thing!
ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite
article) + soft mutation + (math = kind, sort, type) + soft
mutation + (peth = thing)
:_______________________________.
Fatho ‹vâ -tho› masculine
noun
1 soft-mutated form (m > f) of the man’s name Matho (qv) (= Matthew) occurring as a genitive form in this place
name:
Graig Fatho
(“(the) crag (of) Matthew”) a farm east of Coedelái ST0185 (near Tonyrefail,
county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
:_______________________________.
..1 fawr ‹vaur› adjective
1 Soft mutated form (m > f) of mawr
= big
Y Bont Fawr
the big bridge
Yr Allt Fawr
the big hill (name of a hill in the district of Meirionydd, county of Gwynedd);
(in these names there is soft
mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun)
2 In the past there was soft mutation with an adjective after a man’s
name in forming epithets, and there are examples in modern Welsh
Ifan Fawr (big
Ifan) Example from Llafar Gwlad, number 73, Haf (summer) 2001 an article by
Bobi Owen on nicknames in Dinbych (‘Denbigh’ in English)
:_______________________________.
..1 fawr o
..1 not much
..2 heb fawr o without much...;
heb fawr o lwc
without much luck ("without (a) great (amount) of luck")
..3 (before a plural noun) only a
few, not many
does fawr o
there aren't many...
eglwysi bychain o bren a chlai a godwyd, a does fawr o'r rhain erbyn hyn
small churches of clay and wood were
built, and there aren't many of those today
ETYMOLOGY: soft mutation of mawr (= big)
NOTE: Also fawr ddim o
:_______________________________.
..1 fawr ‹vaur› pronoun
1 not much
time
does ganddo fawr i fyw he hasn’t
got long to live
ni fu fawr byw wedi hynny he didn’t live long after that
:_______________________________.
fawr fwy ‹vaur vui › adv
1 not
much more, not + little more
Fedrwn ni wneud fawr fwy nag aros ein cyfle
We can do little more than wait for our
chance
ETYMOLOGY: (fawr soft-mutated form of mawr
= big) + (fwy soft-mutated form of mwy = more)
:_______________________________.
fawr neb ‹vaur
neeb› pronoun
1 hardly anyone
Ddaeth fawr neb hardly anybody came
Fu yno fawr neb ddoe there was hardly anybody there yesterday
NOTE: Also fawr o neb
ETYMOLOGY: (fawr, soft mutation of mawr
= big) + (neb = somebody, nobody)
:_______________________________.
fawr o
1 ni + fawr o, nid + fawr o not much
Does (= nid oes) fawr o Gymráeg rhyngddyn nhw They’re not speaking to each other, They’ve
fallen out, They’re not on good terms with each other (“there’s not much Welsh
between them”)
:_______________________________.
fawr o beth ‹vaur
o beeth›
ni + fawr o beth
nid + fawr o beth
1 not much use
2 (person) useless
Dyw e fawr o beth He’s useless
Mi 'roedd gynno fo un mab; ond 'doedd hwnnw fawr o beth ar y ffarm am ei
fod wedi cael ei ddandlwn gan ei fam
He had a son, but he wasn’t up to
much on the farm because he had been spoilt by his mother
ETYMOLOGY: not much of a thing (fawr = not much, soft mutation of mawr = big) + (o = of) + soft mutation + (peth
= thing)
:_______________________________.
fawr o daro ‹vaur o dâ-ro› -
North Wales
1 ni + bod fawr o daro ar (rywun)
not be keen to do sth, not really feel like, not be really bothered about
("not + be much impact on someone)";
Doedd arna i fawr o daro mynd I wasn't too bothered about going
:_______________________________.
fawr o ddim ‹vaur
o dhim› -
1 not much, hardly anything ("not-big / of / something")
2 ni + bod fawr o ddim be not
much, be hardly anything
Yr unig dref sy'n agos yw Dolgellau ac nid oes fawr o ddim yno
The only town nearby is Dolgellau
and there's not much there
3 ni + cael fawr o ddim not +
find much, find + hardly anything;
Chewch chi fawr o ddim yn y siop fach honno
You won't find much in that little
shop (that has been mentioned)
:_______________________________.
fe ‹vee›
Literary Welsh ef ‹eev›
1 independent pronoun he (south-west)
Nìd fe sydd ar fai / Dim fe sydd ar fai / Nage fe sydd ar fai It’s not HIS fault
(In literary Welsh: Nìd ef sydd ar fai)
Fe’n unig a wyr Only he knows, None knows but him
2 Da iawn fe Good for him!
:_______________________________.
fechan ‹vê -khan› adjective
1 Soft mutated form ‹b› > ‹v› of bechan,
feminine form of bychan (= small,
little, lesser)
Graigfechan
(the) little rock (village in the county of Dinbych);
Nedd Fechan
(the) lesser Nedd, a tributary of the Nedd river in south-east Wales
(in these names there is soft
mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun)
Llanfair Fechan (“Llanfairfechan”) village name,
“little Llanfair”
:_______________________________.
fedal ‹VEE-dal›
1 soft mutation of medal
y fedal ddrama ‹VE
dal DHRA ma› the drama
medal (eisteddfod)
y fedal lenyddiaeth ‹VE
dal le NƏDH yeth›
the literature medal (eisteddfod)
:_______________________________.
fedd ‹veedh › masculine noun
1 soft-mutated form of bedd =
grave
cadw cyfrinach hyd dy fedd keep a secret until your dying day, take a secret with you to the grave
2 soft-mutated form of medd (=
he possesses), from the verb meddu
(= to possess)
a fedd... (=
which has...)
(the relative pronoun a is often dropped, though the mutation
remanins)
Y
fi yw y pregethwr mwyaf fedd Sir Fynwy
(Cofiant
a Phregethau y Diweddar Barch. David James Llaneurwg. Thomas Rees, D.D, a D. M.
Phillips. 1896. t15)
I’m
the greatest preacher that the county of Mynwy has
:_______________________________.
fe ddichon ‹vee
dhî -khon› adverb
1 maybe,
perhaps
Thomas Morgan, a Thomas Evans, yr
wyf yn meddwl, neu fe ddichon John Williams, fuodd yn gweithio yno y noson
honno
Thomas
Morgan, and Thomas Evans, I think, or maybe (it was) John Williams, were
working there that night
ETYMOLOGY:
(fe preverbal particle) + soft mutation + (dichon = can)
:_______________________________.
fedra i ddim
‹ve-drai-
dhim › verb
1 I can't
Fedra i ddim gweld dim byd I can’t
see a thing
Cofio ei rhif ffôn hi? Fedra i ddim
hyd yn oed cofio ’yn rhif ffôn innau!
Remember her
phone number? I don’t even remember MY OWN phone number!
ETYMOLOGY:
Literary Welsh ni fedraf (gofio)
(ni
= no) + soft mutation + (medraf = puc) + soft mutation + (cofio =
remember) > colloquial Welsh fedra i ddim (cofio)
(1) loss
of the negator ni
(2)
addition of the pronoun i = I
(3)
addition of the negator ddim
(4) no
mutation after ddim
:_______________________________.
fedra i mo ‹ve-drai mo› verb
1 I can't
Fedra i mo’i aros o (North) I
can’t stand him
ETYMOLOGY:
ni fedraf fi ddim o ei (+ gerund) (+ pronoun tag) (ni negative
particle) + soft mutation + (medraf = I can) + (fi = I) + (ddim
= not) + (ei = his)
:_______________________________.
Y Fedwenarian
‹ə
ved-wen ar-yan ›
1 (“Y
Fedwen Arian”) street name in Penymynydd (SJ3062) (county of Y Fflint)
ETYMOLOGY:
“the silver birch” (Betula pendula) (y = definite article) + soft
mutation + (bedwen arian = golden birch)
:_______________________________.
fegan ‹ve-gan› masculine
noun
PLURAL feganiaid ‹ve-gan-yed›
1 vegan = strict vegetarian, one who doesn't eat meat, eggs or milk
products
:_______________________________.
fe'i ‹vei›
1 preverbal particle fe +
third-person direct object determiner ei.
When ei is used independently it is followed by a mutation.
Ei = his,
its (referring to nouns of masculine gender) - soft mutation
desg (=
desk), roedd papurau Siôn ar ei ddesg
Siôn’s papers were on his desk
Ei = her,
its (referring to nouns of feminine gender) - spirant mutation
car (= car),
gadodd Siân ei hallweddau yn ei char
Siân left her keys in her car
However, there is no mutation after fe’i
Fe’i gwelais
I saw him, I saw her, I saw it
Fe’i gwelais ef I saw him, I saw it (with the addition of the tag pronoun)
Fe’i gwelais hi I saw her, I saw it (with the addition of the tag pronoun)
Often found used in conjunction with
verbs in the passive voice
Fe'i penodwyd yn brifathro ar ysgol gynradd yng Ngheredigion
He was appointed headmaster of a
primary school in Ceredigion
Fe'i cymerwyd yn garcharor gan y Japaneiaid yn Singapore
He was taken prisoner by the
Japanese in Singapore
2 Fe’i lladda i e! I’ll kill
him!
:_______________________________.
feibion ‹veib -yon›
1 soft-mutated form of meibion
(= sons), plural of mab (= son)
Two examples from South Wales: (in
the south, the suffix –ion becomes -on, hence meibion > meibon; and
ei > ii, hence miibon)
(1) John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw)
in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911), notes a meadow called Gwaun Feibion Siôn
"Gwayne Veibon Shone: (the
meadow of the sons of John.) A tenement in the parish of Pentyrch and lordship
of Miscyn (1666)”.
The spelling “Gwayne Veibon Shone”
is the local form of the name, and probably represents Gweun F’ib’on Shôn.
(2) Llangatwg Feibion Afel village in the county of Mynwy (“(the)
Llangatwg (of the) sons (of) Abel”) .
The local form would have been Llangatwg Feib’on Afal / Llangatwg F’ib’on Afal.
The “English” form is an
approximation of the local form in mostly English spelling – Llangattock Vibon
Avel
..1/ in south Wales, the
semi-consonant [j] at the head of a final syllable in most cases is absent –ion
> -on
..2/ again, especially in South
Wales, the diphthong “ei” in a penult syllable is reduced to a half-long simple
vowel [i] feib- > f’ib-
..3/ in south-east Wales, in the
traditional dialect of the region (“Y Wenhwyseg”), an “e” in a final syllable
is replaced by “a” Afel > Afal
..4/ In south-east Wales “b, d, g”
at the head of a final syllable are devoiced to “p, t, c”
Thus Llangadog > Llangatog (>
Llangatwg)
..5/ An “o” in a final syllable in the
south-east is not usually replaced by “w”, but a few other instances of this in
other words occur
:_______________________________.
Fe’i caiff hi!
‹vei
kaif hii›
1 He’s in
for it! He’ll cop it! (said of somebody who does something risky or disapproved
of or illegal which is bound to result in failure or punishment)
ETYMOLOGY:
(fe = affirmative particle ) + (’i = of her, of it) + (caiff
= he-she-it will get) + (hi = it)
:_______________________________.
Fe’i cei di hi!
‹vei
kei dii hii›
1 you’ll catch it!
ETYMOLOGY:
(fe = affirmative particle ) + (’i = of her, of it) + (cei di
= you will get) + (hi = it)
:_______________________________.
Y Feifod ‹ə vei
-vod›
1 (English name: Vivod) place by Llangollen (county of Dinbych). See Meifod
:_______________________________.
feity ‹vei -ti› masculine
noun
1 clipped form of defeity (=
sheepcot, shelter for sheep).
There is a Moel Feity ("hill of the sheepcot") SN8524 by Llyn y Fan
Fawr ("lake of the great peak") on Mynydd Du ("black hills /
black mountain") in the southern part of the county of Powys
:_______________________________.
fel ‹VEL›
1 like
2 feliau similes which begin with fel (see below; they
are grouped
:_______________________________.
fêl ‹veel › feminine noun
PLURAL feliau, fêls ‹vel
-ye›
1 veil = cloth covering the head and face
Yr oedd hi yn gwisgo fêl dywyll She was wearing a dark veil
ETYMOLOGY: 19th century;
English veil < Norman veile < Latin vêla (= sails) < vêlum
(= sail, cloth)
:_______________________________.
fel ag i ‹vel
aag i›
1 to, so as to, in order to
gwneud rhywbeth fel ag i dynnu sylw pawb do something to draw everyone’s attention
ETYMOLOGY: (fel = as, like) + (ag,
pre-vowel form of â = with ) + (i = to)
:_______________________________.
Y Felallt ‹vel -alht›
1 (SJ5458) Welsh name for the village of Beeston, Cheshire, England; 4km
south of Tarporley
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/107108
(“The Geograph British Isles project
aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for
every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“the honey hill”)
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (melallt honey hill):
(mêl = honey) + (allt =
hill)
:_______________________________.
fel angen pigyn yn y clust ‹vel a-ngen pî-gin ən ə klist ›
1 Mae arna i ’i angen fel angen
pigyn yn y clust I need it like a hole in the head (i.e. I don’t need it at
all, it would not be pleasant to have it)
(“I need it like a pain in the ear”,
(it) is on me its need like (a) need (of) (a) pain in the ear)
ETYMOLOGY: (fel = like) + (angen =
need) + (pigyn = pain) + (yn = dins) + (y = definite article) + (clust
= ear)
:_______________________________.
fel arall
1
otherwise = differently
tybio fel arall think
otherwise
meddwl fel arall think
otherwise
gwneud fel arall do
otherwise
fel arall y clywais i I heard
differently
weithiau fel hyn, weithiau fel arall
sometimes like this, and sometimes differently
:_______________________________.
…fel arian ‹vel ar-yan› -
1 sgleinio fel arian = shine
like silver
2 gloyw fel arian as bright as
silver, silver-bright, sparkling bright
cododd e bedol oddi ar yr heol, un loyw fel arian
he picked up a horseshoe from the
road, one as bright as silver
:_______________________________.
…fel baw ‹vel
a-skurn›
1 rhad fel asgwrn as cheap as
dirt, dirt-cheap
:_______________________________.
…fel asgwrn ‹vel
a-skurn›
1 sych fel asgwrn dry as a
bone
:_______________________________.
…fel bol buwch ‹vel bol biukh› -
1 (said of a dark place) bod fel
bol buwch be pitch-black ("be like (a) belly (of a) cow")
:_______________________________.
…fel bwcram ‹vel
bu -kram›
1 stiff fel bwcram (“stiff
like buckram”) (buckram = a stiff fabric made from cotton )
:_______________________________.
…fel ’bwyren ‹vel bui -ren›
1 See: fel pabwyren
:_______________________________.
…fel cadno ‹vel
kad no›
1 (South Wales) cyfrwys fel cadno
as sly as a fox, as cunning as a fox, as artful as a monkey (in the north: “fel
llwynog” = like a fox)
ETYMOLOGY: cadno = southern word for ‘fox’
:_______________________________.
…fel cannwyll corff ‹vel ka-nuill korf› -
1 said of somebody who appears to be on the point of death ("like a
corpse candle", literally 'death candle')
Mae o fel cannwyll corff He's got one foot in the grave ("he's like a corpse candle")
:_______________________________.
…fel cath am laeth ‹vel kaath am laith›
1 (“like (a) cat for milk”) said of somebody who drinks too much beer,
etc
ETYMOLOGY: : (fel = like) + (cath =
cat) + (am = for) + soft mutation +
(llaeth = milk)
:_______________________________.
…fel cefn eich llaw ‹vel ke-ven əkh llau ›
1 adnabod rhywbeth fel cefn eich
llaw know something like the back of your hand
ETYMOLOGY: (fel = like) + (cefn =
back) + (eich = your) + (llaw = hand)
:_______________________________.
…fel ci a’i gynffon rhwng ei afl ‹vel kii
ai gən-fon hrung i a-fal›
1 dejected, miserable, unhappy, crestfallen, with its tail between its
legs, cowed
ETYMOLOGY: (“like a dog with its
tail in its crotch / between its legs”)
(fel = like) + (ci = dog)
+ (â’i = with its) + soft mutation +
(cynffon = tail) + (rhwng = between) + (ei = its, his) + soft mutation + (gafl = crotch)
:_______________________________.
…fel ci ar gadwyn ‹vel
kii ar gad-win›
1 fel ci ar gadwyn like a dog
straining at the leash (“like (a) dog on (a) chain”)
very eager to do something
:_______________________________.
…fel
ci a’r hwch ‹vel kii ar huukh›
1 bod
fel ci a'r hwch (“be
like a dog and the sow”) (of a
couple who are always arguing) be like cat and mouse; live a cat and dog life
ETYMOLOGY:
(fel = like) + (ci = dog) + (a’r = and the) + (hwch
= sow)
:_______________________________.
…fel ci wrth yr asgwrn ‹vel kii urth ər a-skurn›
1 (“like a dog attached to / busy with the bone”) not giving something up
easily, not allowing something to be taken away; hanging onto something for
dear life
:_______________________________.
…fel ci yn y preseb ‹vel kii ən ə pre-seb› -
1 like a dog in the manger; said of somebody who has something which is
of no use to him or her but prevents another person who needs it or cold put it
to good use from having it (from the image of a dog in a cowhouse lying on the
hay in a hayrack and so preventing the cows from eating it)
:_______________________________.
…fel clap y felin ‹vel clak ə vê-lin ›
1 (said of a
talkative person) “like (the) clack (of) the mill”
Also fel
clap melin “like (the) clack (of) (a) mill”
ETYMOLOGY:
(fel
= like) + (clap = clack) + (y = the) + soft mutation + (melin
= mill)
(fel
= like) + (clap = clack) + (melin = mill)
:_______________________________.
…fel crisial ‹kri -shal›
1 clir fel crisial crystal
clear (“clear like crystal”)
:_______________________________.
…fel
cŵn a chathod ‹vel kuun aa khâ-thod›
1 ymladd
fel cŵn a chathod (many people) fight like cat and dog
Roedd y Taffis a’r Padis yn ymladd
fel cŵn a chathod yn ardaloedd glo América
The
Taffies and the Paddies fought like cats and dogs in the coalmining areas of
America
ETYMOLOGY:
(fel = like) + (cŵn = dogs, plural of ci = dog) + (a
= and) + aspirate mutation (cathod = cats, plural of cath = cat)
:_______________________________.
…fel cwningen ‹vel ku- ni -ngen›
1 like a rabbit
ei wneud e do it = have sex
Mae hi’n ei wneud e fel cwningen She fucks like a bunny rabbit (“she
does it like a rabbit”)
:_______________________________.
…fel dail y coed ‹vel
dail ə koid ›
1 bod fel dail y coed be ten a
penny, be very common (“be like the leaves of the tree”)
ETYMOLOGY: (fel = like) + (dail = leaves,
plural of deilen = leaf) + (y definite article) + (coed = trees, plural of coeden = tree)
:_______________________________.
…fel dau dincer ‹vel
dau ding -ker›
1 (North Wales) (said of a quarrelsome couple) like two tinkers
ETYMOLOGY: (fel = like) + (dau =
two) + soft mutation + (tincer =
tinker, repairer of damaged or broken objects)
:_______________________________.
…fel delw ‹vel de -lu›
1 fel
delw stock still (“like a statue”)
mynd fel delw stand
stock still (“go like / become like a statue”)
Mi aeth fel delw he stood
stock still (with fright)
sefyll fel delw stand
stock still (“stand like a statue”)
ETYMOLOGY:
(fel = like) + (delwedd = statue, idol)
:_______________________________.
…fel diawl dan garreg
‹vel diaul dan ga-reg›
1 (North-west Wales) said of a constant complainer
ETYMOLOGY: literally: “like a devil
under a stone”
(fel = like) + (diawl =
devil) + (dan = under) + soft
mutation + (carreg = stone)
:_______________________________.
…fel dŵr ‹vel
duur› adverb
1 “like water” – expresses ease
hawdd fel dŵr plain sailing, easy as pie ("easy like water")
(ei wneud do it =
have sex) Mae hi’n ei wneud fel dŵr She fucks like a bunny rabbit
(“she does it like water”)
:_______________________________.
…fel dyfrgi ‹vel dəvr-gi›
adverb
1 bod fel dyfrgi (person) be
soaking wet ("be like an otter")
:_______________________________.
felen
1 Soft mutated form (m > f) of melen,
feminine form of melyn = yellow
(in these examples below there is
soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine
noun)
y dwymyn felen
the yellow fever
2 Place names:
Bronfelen
(the) yellow hill; street name in Draenen Pen y Graig, Caer-dydd
Ffosfelen
(the) yellow ditch; street name in Tre-gŵyr, Abertawe
Heol Felen
(the) yellow way; street name in Y Garnant (county of Caerfyrddin)
Rhyd Felen /
Rhydfelen (the) yellow ford;
original name of Rhydyfelin, near Pont-y-pridd.
..a/ The word felen was confused with felin,
from melin (= mill).
Thus rhyd felen > rhyd felin.
..b/ Then the
linking definite article was “restored” rhyd
y felin.
(In such a name as Rhydyfelin rhyd y felin (“the) ford (of) the mill”) it is usual in place names
for the linking definite article to be dropped > Rhydfelin rhyd felin)
:_______________________________.
…fel
’ffeiriad mewn ffair ‹vel feir-yad meun fair› verb
1 sefyll
allan fel ’ffeiriad mewn ffair
stick out
like a sore thumb = be very obvious
ETYMOLOGY:
“stand out like a clergyman in a fair”
(sefyll
allan = stand out) + (fel = like) + (ffeiriad < offeiriad
= clergyman) + (mewn = in) + (ffair = fair)
:_______________________________.
…fel gafr ar daranau
‹vel ga-var ar da-ra-ne›
1 agitated, jumpy, nervous
2 (adverb) agitatedly
ETYMOLOGY: (“like (a) goat on thunderclaps”
= like a goat when there are peals of thunder)
(fel = like) + (gafr =
goat) + (ar = on; on the occasion
of) + soft mutation + (taranau claps
of thunder, < taran = clap of
thunder, thunderclap)
NOTE: also: fel gafr ar d’ranau ‹dra-ne›.
SPELLING: Gafr ‹ga-var› is also written informally gafar
:_______________________________.
…fel gafr wanwyn ‹vel
ga-var wan-win›
1 (South Wales) (said of a constant moaner)
bod fel gafar wanwyn be a real moaner
(delwedd 7082)
ETYMOLOGY: “like a nightjar
(Caprimulgus europaeus)” (noted for its discordant cry) (literally “goat (of)
spring”)
(fel = like) + (gafr =
goat) + soft mutation + (gwanwyn =
spring)
SPELLING: Gafr ‹ga-var› is also written informally gafar
:_______________________________.
…fel gele ‹vel gê -le›
1
(expressions of clinging, holding on to)
bod yn sownd ynddo fel gele be holding
onto it tight (“be tight in it like a leech”)
dal eich gafael ynddo fel gele keep a
tight hold of it (“keep your hold in it like a leech”)
glynu fel gele wrth hang onto
something like grim death (“stick like a leech to...)
ETYMOLOGY:
(fel = like) + (gele = leech)
NOTE:
also: fel gelen
:_______________________________.
…fel gwain am dwca ‹vel gwain am du-ka›
1 ffitio fel gwain am dwca be
a perfect fit, fit like a glove (“fit like a sheath around a knife”)
:_______________________________.
…fel iâr ar ben y
domen ‹vel yaar
ar ben ə do-men ›
1 (person) untidy, messy
ETYMOLOGY: (“like a hen on top of
the dungheap”) (fel = like) + (iâr = hen) + (ar ben = on top of) + (y
domen = the dungheap, < tomen
= dungheap)
NOTE: Also fel iâr ar ben domen without the definite article
:_______________________________.
…fel iâr ar y glaw ‹vel yaar ar ə glau ›
1 miserable, unhappy, crestfallen, down in the dumps, dejected, downhearted
(“like a hen in the rain”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“like a hen in the
rain”)
(fel = like) + (iâr =
hen) + (ar = on, during) + (y = definite article) + (glaw = rain)
:_______________________________.
…fel Iesu Grist bach ‹vel ie-si grist bakh›
1 Mae e fel Iesu Grist bach
(scornful) He’s a little goodie-goodie, he’s a little angel (“he’s like a
little Jesus Christ”)
:_______________________________.
Y Felin ‹o vê
-lin›
1 short form for names with melin (=
mill) as a first element
(1) Y Felin = Y Felinheli (county of Gwynedd, north-west Wales)
(2) Y Felin = Melin-ifan-ddu (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr, south-east
Wales)
ETYMOLOGY: “the mill” (y = definite article) + soft mutation +
(melin = mill)
:_______________________________.
Y Felin-foel ‹ə vê –lin voil›
1 village by Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
In south Wales, moel is pronounced mool
/ mo’l [mo:l] – that is, in words of one syllable in the south the diphthong oe
[oi] becomes a long vowel [o:]
An advertisement in the Llanelly
Guardian (Thursday 28th July 1864) has an anglicised spelling of the name which
indicates the local pronunciation:: Carmarthenshire / Alltygove
House Velinvole Llanelly / Sale of Whole of the Household Furniture China, Glass Books etc.
ETYMOLOGY: “the bare mill” (y = definite article) + soft mutation +
(melin = mill) + soft mutation + (moel = bare, barren)
(In north Wales, moel refers
to a building with no land attached. Is this the meaning here? Or situated in a
barren spot? Or is this not the adjective moel in earlier forms of the
name?)
:_______________________________.
Y Felinheli ‹ə
ve lin HE li›
1 place name, Gwynedd
:_______________________________.
…fel lladd nadroedd
‹vel lhaadh na -drodh›
1 frantically (of work done at great speed)
bod wrthi fel lladd nadroedd be working away frantically
ETYMOLOGY: (“like killing snakes”) (fel = like) + (lladd = to kill, killing) + (nadroedd
= snakes, plural of neidr = snake)
:_______________________________.
…fel
llaid ar farch gwyn ‹vel lhaid ar varkh gwin›
1 sefyll
allan fel llaid ar farch gwyn
stick out like
a sore thumb = be very obvious
ETYMOLOGY:
“stand out like mud on a white horse” (sefyll allan = stand out) + (fel
= like) + (llaid = mud) + (ar = on) + soft mutation + (march gwyn = white horse)
:_______________________________.
…fel llew ‹vel
lheu ›
1 dal fel llew yn rhywbeth
hang onto something like grim death (“hold on like a lion”)
2 said of somebody roaring: rhuo fel llew roaring like a lion
3 said of a man with a strong singing voice
Mae ganddo lais fel llew He has a powerful voice (“he’s got a voice like a lion”)
:_______________________________.
…fel llwynog ‹vel lhui-nog›
1 (North Wales) cyfrwys fel
llwynog as sly as a fox, as cunning as a fox, as artful as a monkey (in the
south: “fel cadno” = like a fox)
ETYMOLOGY: llwynog = northern word for ‘fox’
:_______________________________.
…fel llygoden eglwys
‹vel lhə-gô-den e-gluis›
1 poor (“like a church mouse”)
Mi fydd gen i arian pan fydda i'n fawr – fydda i ddim fel llygoden
eglwys
I’ll have money when I grow up – I
won’t be like a church mouse
ETYMOLOGY: “mouse (of) church” (llygoden = mouse) + (eglwys = church)
:_______________________________.
felltith ‹velh-tith› adjective
1 soft mutation of melltith
curse
2 damned, bloody, goddam
y ddynes felltith that bloody woman
yr ast felltith that goddam bitch
:_______________________________.
felly ‹VE lhi›
1 therefore
2 nid
felly that’s not how...
Nid felly y gwelaf i’r peth That isn’t how I see
the matter, That’s not how I
see the matter
:_______________________________.
…fel maneg ‹vel ma -neg›
1 ffitio
fel maneg fit like a glove
:_______________________________.
…fel matsien ‹vel ma-chen›
1 easily inflamed
Mae o fel matsien He flies off the handle at the least thing, He’s on a short fuse
ETYMOLOGY: ‘like a match’ (matsien = match)
:_______________________________.
…fel mochyn ‹vel
mô -khin›
1 chwyrnu fel mochyn snore like a pig
:_______________________________.
…fel mul ‹vel
miil› adverb
1 pengaled fel mul as stubborn
/ headstrong as a mule
2 castiog fel mul tricky to deal with (“tricky like a mule”)
bod yn gastiog fel mul be a slippery customer
:_______________________________.
felna ‹vel -na› adverb
1 with the verb bod (= to be)
bod felna be
like that, be that way
Felna mae merched That’s the way women are
2 with other verbs
like that, in that way
Nid felna mae siarad That’s no way to talk, it’s very rude to talk like that
3 felna'n union exactly like
that, just like that
ETYMOLOGY: felna < fel yna (fel = like) + (yna = that)
NOTE: Also spelt fel’na, fel ’na
In the northeast felne / fel’ne / fel ’ne
:_______________________________.
felne ‹vel -ne› adverb
1 (North-east Wales) = felna
like that
ETYMOLOGY: felne < fel yne (fel = like) + (yne, northeastern form of yne
= that)
:_______________________________.
…fel nyth cythraul ‹vel
niith kə -threl› adverb
1 said of an untidy house ("like a devil's nest")
:_______________________________.
…fel pabwyren ‹vel pa- bui -ren›
1 (Colloquially fel ’bwyren)
yn syth fel ’bwyren as straight as a die (“as straight as a wick”)
:_______________________________.
fel petái’n farw ‹vel pe-tain
va-ru ›
1 gadael (rhywun) fel petái’n farw
leave somebody for dead (“leave somebody as if he were dead”)
:_______________________________.
…fel pìn mewn papur
‹vel pin meun pa -pir›
1 (house) spick and span, neat and tidy
Yr oedd yr hen Miss Jones yn cadw ei thŷ fel pin mewn papur.
Old Mrs. Jones kept her house spick
and span
Ma'r lle ’ma fel pin mewn papur gynnoch chi You’ve really mad it look neat and tidy (“This
place is really neat and tidy with you”)
2 (person's appearance) smart, all spruced up, all dolled up, dressed up
to the nines
Fe welodd Siân Shencyn yn troi o’r tŷ fel pin mewn papur
He saw Siân Shencyn leave the house
all dolled up
ETYMOLOGY: “like a pin in paper” (fel = like) + (pìn = pin) + (mewn = in)
+ (papur = paper)
:_______________________________.
…fel
pla ‹vel
plaa ›
1 bod
fel pla be a nuisance (“be like a plague”)
Mae
e fel pla He’s a damn nuisance
:_______________________________.
…fel plwm ‹vel
plum ›
1 suddo fel plwm sink like a
stone (“sink like lead / like a lead weight”)
ETYMOLOGY: (fel = like) + (plwm =
lead / a lead weight)
:_______________________________.
…fel pren ‹vel
pren ›
1 stiff fel pren (“stiff like
wood”)
:_______________________________.
…fel procer ‹vel
pro -ker›
1 stiff fel procer (eg the
back after lifting heavy objects) (as) stiff as a poker (“stiff like (a)
poker”)
:_______________________________.
…fel rhuban ‹vel hrî -ban›
1 mynd fel rhuban go at great
speed, whizz along
ETYMOLOGY: (mynd = go) + (fel =
like) + (rhuban = ribbon)
:_______________________________.
…fel sachabwndi ‹vel sa-kha-bun-di›
1 (South Wales) bod fel sachabwndi
be scruffy
ETYMOLOGY:
‘like a bundle’
(fel =
like) + (sachabwndi = bundle, apparently based on sach = sack,
and pwn = bundle)
:_______________________________.
…fel sach o datws ‹vel saakh o da-tus›
1 (“like a potato sack”) (woman) frumpy, shapeless, unattractive
:_______________________________.
…fel saeth ‹vel
saith ›
1 (“like an arrow”) as swift as an arrow
2 yn syth fel saeth as
straight as an arrow, as straight as a ramrod (“as straight as an arrow”)
:_______________________________.
…fel siswrn ‹vel si-surn›
1 (intelligence) Mae hi fel siswrn
She’s as sharp as a knife (“like (a pair of) scissors”)
:_______________________________.
…fel
styllen ‹vel stə-lhen› < fel ystyllen
1
comparisons: slimness
fel ystyllen,
colloquially fel styllen (“like a board”) as thin as a board, as thin as
a rake
bod fel styllen be as
thin as a rake
bod yn fain fel styllen be as
thin as a rake
:_______________________________.
…fel swllt ‹vel
sulht› adverb
1 gloyw fel swllt as shiny as
a shilling
Fe rwbiodd ei ’sgidiau â chlwtyn nes roeddynt yn loyw fel swllt
He rubbed his shoes with a cloth
till they were as shiny as a shilling
:_______________________________.
…fel swllt newydd ‹vel
sulht neu-idh›
1 (“like a new shilling”) as fresh as paint
:_______________________________.
…fel tân at y carth ‹vel taan at ə karth›
1 easily inflamed
Mae o fel tân at y carth He flies off the handle at the least thing
ETYMOLOGY: ‘like fire to the tow’ (tân = fire) + (at y = to the) + (carth =
tow, prepared fibres of flax or hemp)
:_______________________________.
…fel
troed hwyaden ‹vel troid hui-â -den›
1 oer
fel troed hwyaden (“cold like foot (of) duck”, as cold as a duck’s foot)
:_______________________________.
…fel twrci ‹vel tur-ki›
1 cochi fel twrci go as red as
a beetroot / lobster ("turn red like a turkey")
:_______________________________.
…fel tywod y môr ‹vel
tə -wod ə moor›
1 “as the sand of the sea”, as numerous as the grains of sand in the sea
Genesis
41:49 A Joseff a gynullodd ŷd fel
tywod y môr, yn dra lluosog, hyd oni pheidiodd a'i rifo: oblegid yr ydoedd heb
rifedi.
Genesis
41:49 And Joseph
gathered corn as the sand of the sea, very much, until he left numbering; for
it was without number.
ETYMOLOGY: (fel = like) + (tywod =
sand) + (y definite article) + (môr = sea)
:_______________________________.
…fel wy ‹vel
ui ›
1 moel fel wy (‘bald like an
egg’) as bald as a coot
:_______________________________.
fel y bo ‹vel ə boo
›
1 as the case may be
Fe’i hychwanegir un neu ddwy neu dair, fel y bo, o lwyaid o halen
One or two or three spoonfuls of
salt, as the case may be, are added
2 Rhaid llunio’r wadn fel y bo’r
troed
You must tailor your wants to your
possibilities, one should live within one’s income (“it is necessary to cut the
sole as the foot may be”)
ETYMOLOGY: “as it may be” (fel = as) + (y preverbal particle) + (bo
it may be, < bod = to be)
:_______________________________.
fel y canlyn ‹vel ə kan-lin›
1 as follows
Ysgrifenna y diweddar Mr. R.O. Rees fel y canlyn - "Yn yr hyn yr oedd yn esiampl brydferth i'w hoffi a'i hefelychu..."
The late Mr. R. O. Rees writes as
follows - "In this respect he was a wonderful example to cherish and
imitate..."
ETYMOLOGY: (fel = as) + (y particle
introducing a verb) + (canlyn it
follows, from the verb canlyn = to
follow)
:_______________________________.
…fel ych ‹vel
iikh ›
1 yfed fel ych drink like a
fish (“drink like an ox”)
yfed cwrw fel ych drink beer like there’s no tomorrow (“drink beer like an ox”)
:_______________________________.
…fel y dur ‹vel ə diir ›
1 (person) rock-solid (regarding principles, opinion)
2 cariad fel y dur love as
solid as a rock, rock-solid love
ETYMOLOGY: ‘like steel’ (fel = like) + (y = definite article) + (dur
= steel)
:_______________________________.
fel y fam y bydd y
ferch ‹vel ə vam
ə çbiidh ə çverkh›
-
1 the daughter will come to resemble her mother
Pa ddihareb neu ddywediad sydd bellach oddi wrth y gwir?
Fel y fam y bydd y ferch. Gobeithio! (Cymro 02 03 94)
What proverb or saying is furthest
from the truth?
The daughter will be like the
mother. I hope (it's furthest from the truth)!
ETYMOLOGY: (fel = as, like) + (y fam
= the mother) + (y bydd = that (she)
will be) + (y ferch = the daughter)
:_______________________________.
…fel y gro ‹vel ə groo›
1 gwneud arian fel y gro make
money by the bucketload, make a mint
("make money like gravel /
pebbles")
:_______________________________.
fel y'i gelwir ‹fel oi gel-wir›
1 as it is called, so-called
also: fel y’i gelwir ef, fel y’i
gelwir hi
2 past tense: fel y’i gelwid
as it was called
Pont-ty-pridd, neu “Newbridge” fel y'i gelwid unwaith
Pont-ty-pridd, or “Newbridge” as it
was once called
:_______________________________.
fel y mae hi ryfeddaf ‹vel ə mai hii rə- vê
-dhav›
1 curiously enough, strange to say (“as it is strangest”)
:_______________________________.
fel yr awgrymwyd o’r blaen ‹vel ər au-grə-muid
oor blain ›
1 as was
previously suggested, as we have already mentioned
Fel
yr awgrymwyd o’r blaen, nid oedd yn meddwl llai na gwella drwy y misoedd y bu
yn glaf.
As we have
already mentioned, he always believed he would get better during the months he
was ill
NOTE: (fel
= as) + (yr preverbal linker) + (awgrymwyd it has been / it was
suggested, awgrymu = to suggest + -wyd, preterite passive
terminiation) + (o’r blaen = previously, before )
:_______________________________.
…fel yr ewig ‹vel ər e-wig›
1
comparisons: speed
rhedeg fel yr ewig run like the wind (“run like
the hind”)
:_______________________________.
…fel
ystyllen ‹vel ə-stə-lhen›
(colloquial form: fel styllen, with the loss of the pretonic syllable)
1
comparisons: slimness
fel ystyllen,
colloquially fel styllen (“like a board”) as thin as a board, as thin as
a rake
bod fel styllen be as
thin as a rake
bod yn fain fel styllen be as
thin as a rake
:_______________________________.
Fenai <VEE-nai> [ˡveˑnaɪ] feminine noun
1 soft-mutated form of Menai (qv)
(SH5167) strait in Gwynedd, between Môn and Arfon
Afon Fenai
the Menai strait
Y Fenai the
Menai strait
Rhydyfenai
(“Rhyd y Fenai”) (“(the) ford (of) the Menai”) Street name in Y Felinheli
(county of Gwynedd)
:_______________________________.
fendas <VEN-das> [ˡvɛndas] › masculine noun
PLURAL
fendieisiaid
<ven-DEIS-yaid,
-yed> [vɛnˡdəɪsjaɪd,
-jɛd]
1 (Coregonus albula) vendace, fish of lakes in northern England
and Scotland
ETYMOLOGY: New Latin vandêsius (1700s) < French <
Celtic
:_______________________________.
fendeta <ven-DE-ta> [vɛnˡdɛta] feminine noun
PLURAL
fendetas <ven-DE-tas> [vɛnˡdɛtas]
1 vendetta = quarrel between families in Sicily or Corsica where the relatives
of a murder victim avenge the death by killing the murderer or someone in the
murderer's family
2 vendetta = a prolonged dispute; a campaign where a person is a the
object of constant criticism or vexation
Mae ganddo ryw fendeta yn f'erbyn
He's got some sort of vendetta
against me
ETYMOLOGY: English < Sicilian
< Latin vindicta < vindicâre = to avenge
:_______________________________.
fenswn <VEN-sun> [ˡvɛnsʊn] masculine noun
1 venison = deer meat
ETYMOLOGY: English venison (= deer meat, any game meat);
< Old French venaison < Latin vênâtiô (= hunting) < vênarî (= to hunt)
:_______________________________.
..1 fer <VER> [vɛr] adjective
1 Soft mutated form (b > f) of ber,
feminine form of byr = short
...1/ Ffordd Fer “(the) short road” street name in
........a/
Caergybi (county of Ynys Môn)
........b/
Mynyddisa (county of Y Fflint)
........c/
Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint)
...2/ Heol Fer, (the) short street (name of a street in Penyrheol, in the
town of Caerffili);
...3/ stori fer (a) short story
(in these names there is soft
mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun)
:_______________________________.
fer <VER> [vɛr]
1 fir tree
y fer the
fir tree
pren fer fir
tree; fir (= material)
ferren a fir
tree (fer + -en, diminutive suffix)
coed fer fir
wood
Place names:
..1/ Pant-y-fer Llansadwrn (county of Caerfyrddin) (“(the) hollow (of)
the fir”)
..2/ Rhiw-fer rhiw y
fer - (“(the) hill / slope /
rise (of) the fir”) - street name in Ffosygerddinen (county of Caerffili)
..3/ Rhiw Fer between the villages of Nant-y-moel and Pontycymer (county
of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
..4/ Pen-rhiw-fer pen rhiw
y fer - (“(the) end (of) the hill
/ slope / rise (of) the fir”) - street name in Ffosygerddinen (county of
Caerffili)
..5/ Heol Pen-rhiw-fer - street name in Tonyrefail (county of Rhondda
Cynon Taf)
NOTE: This word does not appear in
most Welsh dictionaries, and is unknown outside the south. Even there it is
generally unknown nowadays, and consequently names with “rhiw fer” are often explained as ‘short slope’. Byr is short; the feminine form is ber; after a feminine noun there is
soft mutation of the consonant b
> f, resulting in fer.
The fact that such names are not
found outside the south – no ‘short slopes’ are found in mid-Wales or the north
– or in the other Celtic languages - indicates that ‘short slope’ is an
unlikely translation. And the fact that often there are still fir trees on
these slopes further confirms this!
ETYMOLOGY: fer <VER> [vɛr]
< fyr
<VIR> [vɪr]
< south-western English <vir-> [vɪr]
< English firre <fir-> [fɪr]
< Old English fyrh (= fir tree).
(1) Related to Icelandic fura (= fir), Latin quercus (= oak)
(2) In the south-western form of
English an initial <f> [f] was pronounced as <v> [v], still evident among some older speakers in
Somerset, for example.
:_______________________________.
fersiwn, fersiynau <VER-shun, ver-SHƏƏ-nai, e> [ˡvɛrʃʊn, vɛrˡʃəˑnaɪ,
-nɛ]
1 version
:_______________________________.
fértebra, fertebrâu <VER-te-bra, ver-te-BRAI> [ˡvɛrtɛbra, vɛrtɛˡbraɪ]
1
vertebra
:_______________________________.
festri, festrioedd <VE-stri, ve-STRII-oidh, -odh> [ˡvɛstrɪ, vɛˡstiˑɪɔɪð,
-ɔð]
1
vestry
:_______________________________.
fesul dipyn <VE-sil
DI-pin> [ˡvɛsɪl
ˡdɪpɪn] (adverb)
1
gradually
:_______________________________.
fesul un <VE-sil IIN> [ˡvɛsɪl ˡiː n] (adverb)
1 one by one, in ones, individually
Dyn nhw ddim yn eu gwerthu fesul un – rhaid
prynu pecyn dwbl
They don’t sell them in ones - you have to buy a twin pack
:_______________________________.
féteran, feteraniaid <VE-te-ran,
ve-te-RAN-yaid, -yed> [ˡvɛtɛran, vɛtɛˡranjaɪd,
-jɛd]
1
veteran
:_______________________________.
-féydd <VEIDH> [vəɪð]
1
plural suffix in words with the singular suffix -fa
porfa (= pasture), porféydd (= pastures)
rheg (= swear word), rhegféydd (= swear words)
(The acute accent here is to clarify the accentuation
of the word. There is no acute accent on ‘feydd’ in the standard spelling)
:_______________________________.
f-f
A double [v] resulting from soft mutation
of b or m is spelt and pronounced as a single f [v]
hafod (= summer place)
< haf-fod
(haf = summer) + soft mutation + (bod = dwelling, dwelling place)
prifardd (= principal poet)
< prif-fardd (prif = main, principal, leading) + soft mutation
+ (bardd = poet)
:_______________________________.
FF, ff ‹èf› feminine
noun
1) ninth letter of the twenty-nine
letter Welsh alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y
:_______________________________.
ff
1 ff < f in some words after n (that is, [v] has become [f] after
[n])
(1) BONT-FAEN
One colloquial form of Y Bont-faen SS9974 (“the stone bridge”),
a town in Bro Morgannwg county was Bom-ffään
(from an underlying form Bon’-faan)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/272187
:_______________________________.
(2) CEFNFRO
cefnfro >
ce’nfro > ce’nffro / cenffro (part of beach above high water
for leaving boats)
(cefn = back, ridge) + soft mutation + (bro = low-lying land, coastal land)
(3) LLANSANFFRÁID
Llansanffráid
< *Llan San Fraid ‹vraid› < Braid
(female saint, ‘Bride’, as in Irish Bríd)
(4) PONT-LLAN-FRAITH
Pont-llan-fraith ST1795 in Caerffili county is usually pronounced as Pont-llan-ffraith in English locally. This
is an area where Welsh was eradicated a century ago, so the “ff” could in fact
be a misreading of the Welsh letter ‘f’, rather than a survival of a
pronunciation in the Welsh of this area.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/838140
The name in fact in 1492 was tre
penybont llynvraith, that is, Tre Pen-y-bont y Llyn Fraith, the trêv or farm at the place called Pen-y-bont by the
pool in the river called Y Llyn Fraith
Pen-y-bont
= the bridge end, the entrance to the bridge
Y Llyn
Fraith is The Dappled Pool
This was
later reduced to Pont-llyn-fraith (1713 Pontllynfraith),
and then there was confusion with the element llan (= church)
which then ousted the original llyn (= pool) > Pont-llan-fraith
(5) TINFAIN
In “Hyn o Fyd” (Kate Roberts) a
character called Doli Dinfain (=
thin arse) is also known as Dynffen
(6) YNYSGYNWRAIDD
Ynysgynwraidd SO4520 – the English name of this place
in the county of Mynwy is Skenfrith, which probably
represents a local Welsh form *Sgenffridd ‹sken-fridh› (Welsh was finally eliminated from this area over a
century ago) from *Sgynfridd ‹skən-vridh›.
Other examples of ff < f ‹f› < ‹v›
Also
..1/ cyffredin (= general, common) < cyfredin < cyfr-
(prefix, = complete) + rhed- (= to
run) + -in (suffix fro forming
adjectives)
..2/ diffodd (= to switch off), historically difodd (di- =
intensifying prefix) + (bodd-, root
of boddi = to drown)
..3/ gorffod colloquial form of gorfod
to be obliged
:_______________________________.
ff
1 Form of fy (possessive
determiner)
Some Points of Similarity in the
Phonology of Welsh and Breton
T. H. Parry-Williams, Rhyd-ddu, Carnarvon.
Paris, 1913. Page 50.
A curious example of the provection
of an initial consonant, due to the loss of a vowel and the influence of the
following initial consonant, is found in the case of the possessive pronoun fy,
which becomes often in the colloquial language f’, and before h, ll
or i becomes ff. In some dialectical texts this ff is
written, e.g. fi ff’unan (for fi fy hunan), ff’llaw (= fy
llaw), ff’iechyd (= fy iechyd), Cf. cannw(y)ll ffrwyn the
colloquial pronunciation of cannwyll frwyn
:_______________________________.
ffa 1 ‹faa› feminine
noun
1 note 4 in tonic sol-fa
:_______________________________.
ffa 2 ‹faa› plural noun
1 beans; plural of ffeuen
:_______________________________.
ffabl ‹fa-bəl› feminine
noun
PLURAL ffablau ‹fa-ble›
1 obsolete fable
2 area of Maldwyn in the county of
Powys ffabls = decorations,
frills
ETYMOLOGY: English fable < Latin fâbula (= fable, story) < fârî
(= to speak)
:_______________________________.
ffacbysen ‹fak-bə-sen› feminine
noun
PLURAL ffacbys ‹fak-bis›
1 (a) lentil plant Lens culinaris;
(b) vetch = Vicia sativa, member of
the Papilionaceae family; some
species cultivated as fodder plants
Eseia 28:27 Canys nid ag og y dyrnir ffacbys, ac ni throir olwyn men ar gwmin;
eithr dyrnir facbys â ffon, a chwmin a gwialen
Isaiah 28:27 For the fitches are not
threshed with a threshing instrument, neither is a cart wheel turned about on
the cummin; but the fitches are beaten out with a staff, and the cummin with a
rod
Samuel-2 23:11 A'r Philistiaid a ymgynullasent yn dorf; ac yr oedd yno ran o'r maes yn
llawn o ffacbys
Samuel-2 23:11 And the Philistines
were gathered together into a troop, where was a piece of ground full of
lentiles
2 (a) lentil; (b) vetch seed (vetch seeds are often used as bird food)
Genesis 25:34 A Jacob a roddes i Esau fara a chawl ffacbys
Genesis 25:34 Then Jacob gave Esau
bread and pottage of lentiles
ETYMOLOGY: (ffac) + soft mutation + (pys
= peas); ffac < English fatch, variant of vetch < Anglo-Norman veche
(cf French vesce) < Latin vicia; cf Catalan veça < Latin vicia
NOTE: variant: county of Ceredigion ffatshbys
‹fach-bis›
(Worcestershire): Upton on Severn
Words and Phrases. Robert Lawson. English Dialect Society. 1884. FATCHES, n.
Vetches. "Fitches", isiah xxviii. 25; Ezek. iv. 9.
:_______________________________.
ffacs ‹faks› masculine noun
PLURAL ffacsus ‹fak-sis›
1 fax
2 peiriant ffacs fax machine
3 gyrru ffacs at North Wales send a fax to
hala ffacs at
South Wales send a fax to
ETYMOLOGY: English fax = clipped form of facsimile
:_______________________________.
ffacsa ‹fak -sa› plural
noun
1 South-east Wales crowds
Ma nhw'n dod o'r cwrdd yn ffacsa They're coming from the chapel service in
crowds.
This is a metathesised form of ffasga (local pronunciation of ffasgau),
plural of ffasg (= bundle)
FF-SK > F-KS
:_______________________________.
ffacsímili ‹fak-si-mi-li› masculine noun
PLURAL
ffacsimilïau
‹fak-si-mi-lî-e›
1 facsimile
2 copi ffacsímili facsimile
ETYMOLOGY: English <faksíməli>
facsimile < modern Latin fac (= make) + simile (neuter of similis
= similar)
:_______________________________.
ffacsio ‹faks-yo› verb
1 fax, send (a letter, document) by fax
ETYMOLOGY: ffacs (= fax) + (-io,
verbal suffix)
:_______________________________.
ffactri, ffactrioedd ‹FAK tri, fak TRI odh› feminine
noun
1 factory (South Wales)
:_______________________________.
ffael ‹fail› feminine noun
PLURAL ffaelion ‹fail-yon›
1 obsolete defect, failing,
fault, error
2 adjective di-ffael unfailing
3 adverb yn ddi-ffael without fail
ETYMOLOGY: English fail < French faillir < Latin fallere
(= disappoint)
:_______________________________.
ffaeledd ‹fei-ledh› masculine
noun
PLURAL ffaeleddau ‹fei-lê-dhe›
1 defect, failing, fault
ETYMOLOGY: (ffael-, stem of ffaelu =
to fail) + (-edd)
:_______________________________.
ffaeledigrwydd ‹fei-le- di-gruidh›
masculine noun
1 fallibility
ETYMOLOGY: (ffaeledig = failed) + (-rwydd
suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
ffaelu ‹fei-li› verb
South Wales
1 fail = not achieve what was attempted, not achieve an aim
ETYMOLOGY: (ffael = defect) + (-u
suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: sometimes, in dialect writing,
ffeili, ffili
:_______________________________.
ffäen ‹FEI en› feminine noun
1 bean; see ffeuen
:_______________________________.
ffaeth ‹FAITH›
1 cultivated (land)
:_______________________________.
ffagal ‹fa-gal› feminine
noun
See ffagl
:_______________________________.
ffagl ‹fa-gal› feminine
noun
PLURAL ffaglau ‹fa-gle›
1 blaze;
mor ddi-bara â ffagal o redyn
like a flash in the pan ("as
short-lived as a blaze of bracken");
Ffagal cropyn eithin yw e; gyda'ch bod chi'n dechre teimlo gwres, dyna
fe'n darfod
He's a flash in the pan ("he's a
blaze of a crop of gorse"); as soon as you start to feel the heat, he
finishes (said of a minister whose sermon was found disappointing)
2 torch = wooden stick dipped in tallow and set alight
3 gorymdaith â ffaglau
torchlit procession ("procession with torches")
4 torch = origin of a conflagration;
Hwnnw fu'n ffagl i'r helynt i gyd
He was the one who sparked off all
the trouble ("he was the torch to all the trouble")
5 cludwr ffagl torchbearer
("carrier (of) torch")
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ffagl < British < Latin facla < fácula, diminutive form of fax
= torch
NOTE:
(a) there is also a diminutive form ffaglen ‹fa-glen›.
(b) The formal spelling is ffagl; the usual colloquial pronunciation
is represented by the informal spelling ffagal
:_______________________________.
Ffagl yr Arth ‹fa-gal
ər arth› feminine
noun
South-west Wales
1 the Northern Lights ("(the) torch / blaze (by) the Bear
(star)" - i.e. the Pole Star)
:_______________________________.
ffaglen ‹fag-len› feminine
noun
PLURAL ffaglennau ‹fa-gle-ne›
1 torch; see ffagl
:_______________________________.
ffaglo ‹fa-glo› verb
South Wales
1 verb with an object to torch,
to set fire to (something)
2 verb without an object to set
grass or furze on fire
:_______________________________.
ffair ‹fair› feminine noun
PLURAL ffeiriau ‹feir
-ye›
1 fair (= traditional market held on specific dates, with stands for the
buying and selling goods, and often with sideshows)
ar ddiwrnod ffair on fair day, on the day when a fair is held
Fe fyddwn ni’n mitsho o’r ysgol ar ddiwrnod ffair
We would play truant from school on
the day when a fair was held
bod ddiwrnod ar ôl y ffair be too late, arrive too late (“be a day
after the fair”)
Occurs with village names;
Ffair y Borth “The Porthaethwy Fair” (county of Môn)
English name: Menai Bridge Fair
Ffair yr Ynys (formerly)
Ynys-y-bŵl Fair (Rhondda Cynon Taf)
2 fête, bazaar (= event to raise money for a charity, for a church, a
school, etc; a cross between a fair and a bazaar)
ffair ysgol feithrin Welsh-language nursery school fair
3 fair = travelling collection of shows and amusements
ffair deithiol
travelling fair
4 funfair, amusement park
y ffigyr-eit yn ffair y Barri the (Englandic: big dipper, switchback) (USA:
roller-coaster) in Barri funfair
5 fair, trade show; a grand exhibition of products to promote trade
6 bod fel ffair be swarming
with people, be packed, be packed out, be very busy, be choc-a-bloc ("be
like a fair")
7 bargaining
8 exchange
ffeirio = to
exchange
ffair benben (North-west
Wales) = fair exchange (pronounced as ‘ffair bemban’)
9 specialised market; occurs with name of product or main item of trade;
meeting for trade in a named product, animal, etc;
ffair ddefaid
sheep fair
ffair foch
pig fair
ffair geffylau
horse fair
ffair wartheg
cattle fair
ffair wyddau
goose fair
10 pen ffair a fair, a great
fair
ar ben ffair
(county of Penfro) at the fair
pen ffair / pen-ffair (adjective) fair, fairground
11 mynd i ben y ffair go to the fair
12 sefyll
allan fel ’ffeiriad mewn ffair stick out like a sore thumb = be very
obvious
“stand out
like mud on a white horse”
(sefyll
allan = stand out) + (fel = com) + (ffeir’ad < ffeiriad
< offeiriad = clergyman) + (mewn = in) + (ffair = fair)
13 ffair aeaf winter fair
mynd i’r ffair aeaf to go to the winter fair
Ffair Aeaf Llanelwedd Llanelwedd Winter Fair
Ffair Aeaf Ynys Môn Ynys Môn (Isle of Anglesey) Winter Fair
ETYMOLOGY: 1300+ < Middle English
faire (= fair)
< Old French feire < Late Latin fêria
(= feastday) < fêriae (= rest
days).
Compare Breton: foar < French foire
NOTE: In
South Wales the plural form ffeiriau
> ffeire > ffiire (South-east ffiira)
:_______________________________.
ffair aeaf ‹fair gei
-a› feminine noun
PLURAL ffeiriau gaeaf ‹feir-ye
gei -a›
1 winter fair, cattle fair held in winter
Mae'n argoeli fod y ffair aeaf yn Llanelwedd yn mynd i fod yn llwyddiant
mawr
All the signs are that the winter
fair in Llanelwedd is going to be a big success
ETYMOLOGY: (ffair = fair) + soft mutation + (gaeaf = winter)
:_______________________________.
ffair bleser ‹fair ble-ser› feminine
noun
PLURAL ffeiriau pleser ‹feir-ye
ple-ser›
1 funfair
ETYMOLOGY: "fair (of)
pleasure") (ffair = fair) +
soft mutation + (pleser = pleasure)
:_______________________________.
ffair Galan Mai ‹fair gâ-lan
mai› feminine
noun
PLURAL ffeiriau Calan Mai ‹feir-ye
kâ-lan mai›
1 May fair, spring fair, fair held on the first of May. The colloquial
form is ffair Glame (qv)
ETYMOLOGY: (ffair = fair) + soft mutation + (Calan Mai (qv), the first of May)
:_______________________________.
ffair Glame ‹fair gla
-me› feminine noun
PLURAL ffeiriau Clame ‹feir-ye
kla-me›
1 May fair, spring fair, fair held on the first of May
ETYMOLOGY: (ffair = fair) + soft mutation + (Clame, colloquial form of Calan
Mai, the first of May)
:_______________________________.
ffair gyflogi, ffeiriau cyflogi ‹fair
gəv LO gi, feir ye kəv LO gi› feminine
noun
1 hiring fair (where farm labourers and maidservants would go in the hope
of being taken on for a year by a farmer)
:_______________________________.
ffair sborion ‹fair spor-yon,› feminine
noun
PLURAL ffeiriau sborion ‹feir-ye
spor-yon›
1 (USA: rummage sale) (Englandic: jumble sale, flea market)
ETYMOLOGY: "fair (of) odds and
ends" (ffair = fair) + (sborion = odds and ends)
:_______________________________.
ffair wyddau ‹fair ui-dhe› feminine
noun
PLURAL ffeiriau gwyddau ‹feir-ye
gui-dhe›
1 goose fair
ETYMOLOGY: "fair (of)
geese" (ffair = fair) + soft
mutation + (gwyddau = geese, < gwydd = goose)
:_______________________________.
ffair y glas ‹fair ə glaas› feminine noun
1 freshers' week, the first week of a university year when stands of
university clubs and associations offer information about themselves and
special social events are organised for 'freshers' (new students). Also wythnos y glas
ETYMOLOGY: ("(the) fair (of)
the novice / fresher")
(ffair = fair) + (y =
definite article) + (glas = fresher,
novice; literally "green person, inexperienced person")
:_______________________________.
ffaith, ffeithiau ‹FAITH, FEITH ye› feminine
noun
1 fact
2 ni
ellir celu’r ffaith fod... there’s no disguising the fact that
:_______________________________.
ffals ‹FALS› (adj)
1 false, sly, deceiving, deceitful
mor ffalsed â'r cadno as sly as a fox
Yr oedd ei gw^r yr un mor ffals â
hithau Her husband
was as deceiving as she herself was
2 false = untrue ENG-Z
Ffals yw honiadau'r Toriaid nad “y
blaid gas” ydyn nhw erbyn hyn
The Tories’ assertion that they are
no longer the “nasty party” are false
dan glo oherwydd cyffesiadiau ffals
in prison because of false
confessions
3 false = deceptive, not real, not
realistic
hyder ffals false confidence
rhoi gobaith ffals i rywun give somebody false hope
ETYMOLOGY:
Either
1) Welsh ffals < British
< Latin falsus (Cornish has fals, likewise Breton fals)
Otherwise
2) from English false [fals]
The Breton fals is also
possibly Old French fals (modern French has faux)
:_______________________________.
ffaalsedd ‹FAL-sedh› (m)
1 falsehood, deceit
2 cunning
:_______________________________.
ffalsgi, ffalsgwn ‹FALS-gi, FALS-gun› (m)
1 deceitful person
2 flatterer = one who flatters to
deceive
ETYMOLOGY: (ffals = false) +
soft mutation + (ci = dog)
NOTE: In the English dialect of
Llanidloes:
FALSGI, a sly, deceitful person.
“There’s an owl falsgi” (Parochial Account of Llanidloes / Edward Hamer /
Chapter X / Folk-lore. Page 290 Collections Historical and Archeological
Relating to Montgomeryshire and its Borders / 1877)
[i.e. there’s an old “ffalsgi”]
:_______________________________.
ffalsio ‹FALS-yo› (v)
South Wales: ffalso
1 falsify
2 (North Wales) flatter
Paid â ffalsio Stop putting on the flattery
3 be hypocritical, be deceitful
Ffalsio roeddwn i... a gofyn am
rywbeth nad oeddwn i'n bwriadu talu amdano.
I was being deceitful – and asking for
something I had no intention of paying for
:_______________________________.
ffan, ffaniau ‹FAN, FAN ye›
1 fan (for creating a draught of air)
ETYMOLOGY: English fan
:_______________________________.
ffanaticaidd ‹fa na TI kedh› adjective
1 fanatical
:_______________________________.
ffanaticiaeth ‹fa na TIK yeth› feminine
noun
1 fanaticism
:_______________________________.
ffanatig, ffanaticiaid ‹fa NA tig, fa na TIK yed›
1 fanatic
:_______________________________.
ffanffer ‹ fan -fer› feminine
noun
PLURAL ffanfferau ‹fan- fê
-re›
1 fanfare = a short series of notes on a trumpet
2 fanfare = ostentation and ceremony
Ail-agorwyd y Neuadd Goffa gyda
chryn ffanfer
The Memorial Hall was reopened with
considerable fanfare
ETYMOLOGY: English fanfare < French < fanfarer (= to blow a fanfare)
< Castilian fanfarrón < Arabic farfar (= talkative)
:_______________________________.
ffanio ‹FAN
yo›
1
to fan
:_______________________________.
ffansi ‹FAN
si›
1
fancy
:_______________________________.
ffántasi, ffantasïau ‹FAN ta si, fan ta SI e›
1
fantasy
:_______________________________.
ffarier ‹far -yer› masculine
noun
PLURAL ffariers, ffarieriaid ‹far
-yers, far-yer-yed›
1 vet (for horses and other farm animals), horse-doctor (= vet);
(standard Welsh: milfeddyg)
2 obsolete shoeing smith
ETYMOLOGY: English farrier < French ferrier < Latin ferrârius (= smith) < ferrum
(= iron). In modern French ferreur
(= smith). Compare Catalan ferrer (=
smith), which is also a Catalonian surname Ferrer
(sometimes misspelt Ferré).
:_______________________________.
ffarm, ffermydd ‹FARM, FER midh› feminine
noun
1 farm
:_______________________________.
ffarmacoleg ‹far-ma-ko-leg› feminine noun
1 pharmacology = science of drugs and medicines - characteristics,
action, uses
ETYMOLOGY: adaptation of English pharmacology;
(ffarmacol-) + (-eg
suffix to indicate a science)
:_______________________________.
ffarmio ‹FARM yo›
1 to farm
:_______________________________.
ffarmwr, ffarmwyr ‹FAR mur, FARM wir› masculine
noun
1 farmer
:_______________________________.
ffarwelio â ‹far WEL yo›
1 to say farewell to
:_______________________________.
ffasâd ‹fa- saad › masculine
noun
PLURAL
ffasadau
‹fa- sâ -de›
1 façade = face of a building
ETYMOLOGY: English facade < French < Italian facciata < faccia (= face) < Latin *facia<
faciês (= form), which is related to
facere (= to make)
:_______________________________.
ffasgaidd ‹FA skaedh›
1 fascist
:_______________________________.
ffasgiad, ffasgiaid ‹FASK yad, FASK yed› masculine
noun
1 fascist (person)
:_______________________________.
ffasgiaeth ‹FASK yeth› feminine
noun
1 fascism
:_______________________________.
ffasgydd, ffasgwyr ‹FAS kidh, FASK wir› masculine
noun
1 fascist (person)
:_______________________________.
ffasiwn, ffasiynau ‹FA shun, fa SHƏ ne›
1 fashion
:_______________________________.
ffasiwn newydd ‹fa-shun
neu-idh› adjective
1 new-fashioned, of a new type
Gwahoddwyd David Thomas gan gwmni o America i fynd yno i adeiladu’r
ffwrneisiau ffasiwn-newydd ym Mhennsylfania
David Thomas was invited by an
American company to go to America to set up the new type of furnace in
Pennsylvania
ETYMOLOGY: (ffasiwn = fashion) + (newydd
= new)
:_______________________________.
ffasiynol ‹fa SHƏ nol›
1 fashionable
:_______________________________.
ffatri, ffatrïoedd ‹FA tri, fa TRI odh› feminine
noun
1
factory
- ffatri
deganau, ffatrïoedd teganau ‹FA tri de GA ne, fa TRI odh
te GA ne› toy factory
- ffatri
laeth, ffatrïoedd llaeth ‹fa tri LAITH, fa TRI odh LHAITH› dairy
- ffatri
wlân, ffatrïoedd gwlân ‹fa tri WLAAN, fa TRI odh GWLAAN› woollen
mill
:_______________________________.
ffau ‹fâi› feminine noun
PLURAL ffeuau ‹fei-e›
1 den, lair; resting place for an animal
Eseia 11:7 Y fuwch hefyd a'r arth a borant ynghyd; eu llydnod a gydorweddant; y
llew, fel yr ych, a bawr wellt (11:8) A'r
plentyn sugno a chwery wrth dwll yr asb; ac ar ffau y wiber yr estyn yr hwn a
ddiddyfnwyd ei law
Isaiah 11:7 And the cow and the bear
shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat
straw like the ox. (11:8) And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp,
and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice' den.
2 ffeuaid earthful, denful
ffeuaid o lwynogod an earthful of foxes
3 ffau llewod a lion's den
ffau’r llewod the
lions’ den
The 1620 Bible has “ffau y llewod”
Daniel 6:12 Yna y nesasant, ac y dywedasant o flaen y brenin am orchymyn y brenin;
Oni seliaist ti orchymyn, mai i ffau y llewod y bwrid pa ddyn bynnag a ofynnai
gan un Duw na dyn ddim dros ddeng niwrnod ar hugain, ond gennyt ti, O frenin?
Atebodd y brenin, a dywedodd, Y mae peth yn wir, yn ô1 cyfraith y Mediaid a’r
Persiaid, yr hon ni newidir.
Daniel 6:12 Then they came near, and
spake before the king concerning the king's decree; Hast thou not signed a
decree, that every man that shall ask a petition of any God or man within
thirty days, save of thee, O king, shall be cast into the den of lions? The
king answered and said, The thing is true, according to the law of the Medes
and Persians, which altereth not.
mentro i ffau'r llewod venture into the lion's den = undertake a risky confrontation
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ffau < ffeu < ffou <
British < Latin < fouia < fouea (= pit; trap for animals)
:_______________________________.
ffawd, ffodion ‹FAUD, FOD yon›
1 fate
:_______________________________.
ffawydden
‹fau
- ə -dhen› feminine noun
PLURAL ffawydd ‹fa -uidh›
1 (Fagus
sylvatica) = beech
ffawydden felen (district of Arfon, county of Gwynedd) = yellow pine ('yellow beech')
ffawydden goprog = copper beech
llwyn ffawydd
beech grove
2 In Genesis, mention is made of ffawydd,
whereas the English version has “chestnut tree”. The tree in question is
probably the Oriental plane tree (Platanus orientalis), called 'armon
in Hebrew, that is, "naked". Mentioned in the story of Jacob’s
whose wage from Laban is to be the marked cattle, so he causes cattle with the right marks to be born.
It is probably the Oriental plane
tree (Platanus orientalis) that is intended. It sheds its outer bark each year,
and so becomes "naked."
Genesis 30:37 A Jacob a gymerth iddo
wiail gleision o boplys, a chyll, a ffawydd; ac a ddirisglodd ynddynt
ddirisgliadau gwynion, gan ddatguddio’r gwyn yr hwn ydoedd yn y gwiail.
Genesis 30:37 And Jacob took him
rods of green poplar, and of the hazel and chestnut tree; and pilled white
streaks in them, and made the white appear which was in the rods.
The Oriental plane is mentioned
along with other trees, and cedars and firs, as being inferior to the beauty of
the Assyrian empire.
Eseciel 31:8 Y cedrwydd yng
ngardd Duw ni allent ei chuddio hi: y ffynidwydd nid oeddynt debyg i'w
cheinciau hi, a'r ffawydd nid oeddynt fel ei changhennau hi; ac un pren yng
ngardd yr Arglwydd nid ydoedd debyg iddi hi yn ei thegwch.
Ezekiel 31:8 The cedars in the
garden of God could not hide him: the fir trees were not like his boughs, and
the chestnut trees were not like his branches; nor any tree in the garden of
God was like unto him in his beauty.
(delwedd 7018)
3 Pantyffawydden farm near Caerffili “(the) hollow
(of) the beech tree
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/735938
ETYMOLOGY: (ffaw) + soft mutation + (gwydden = tree).
ffaw < *ffawgh- British
*fâg- < Latin fâg(us) (= beech tree)
:_______________________________.
Y Ffawydden
‹fau-Ə-dhen› feminine noun
1 farm
SO2525 in Patrisio / Partrishow,
Brycheiniog, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/413526 map
:_______________________________.
ffawyddog
‹fau-Ə-dhog› feminine noun
1 place
of beech trees
Y Ffawyddog farm by Pont-y-rhyl, Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS9189
ETYMOLOGY: (ffawydd) + (-og adjectival suffix) > fawyddog (adjective, = abounding in beech trees) > (noun, = place abounding in
beech trees)
:_______________________________.
ffd.
1
abbreviation = ffurfiad
formation
:_______________________________.
ffdro.
1
abbreviation = ffurfdro
(Grammar) inflexion
:_______________________________.
ffederasiwn, ffederasiynau ‹fe de RA shun, fe de ra SHƏN ne›
1
federation
:_______________________________.
ffedog ‹fê -dog› feminine noun
PLURAL ffedogau ‹fe- dô -ge›
1 apron
llinyn ffedog apron string
bod ynghlwm wrth linyn ffedog ei fam be tied to his mother’s
apron strings
2 (South Wales) diaphragm =
membrane in animal; flead = thin skin holding intestines of a pig in place
3 flead; this, cut into
squares, used to wrap around faggots
ETYMOLOGY: (arffed = lap) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives or nouns ) > arffedog > ffedog (loss of the pretonic syllable)
:_______________________________.
ffèg ‹FEG› (m)
1 long,, coarse
grass
NOTE: In the English dialect of Llanidloes:
FEG, long coarse
grass (Parochial Account of Llanidloes / Edward Hamer / Chapter X / Folk-lore.
Page 290 Collections Historical and Archeological Relating to Montgomeryshire
and its Borders / 1877)
ETYMOLOGY: dialect
English FEG
:_______________________________.
ffeil, ffeiliau ‹FEIL, FEIL ye›
1 file
:_______________________________.
ffein ‹FEIN›
1 nice (South)
:_______________________________.
ffeindio ‹FEIND yo›
1 to find
:_______________________________.
ffeirad
< ’ffeir’ad ‹feir -ad› masculine noun
1
clergyman, vicar, priest; see: offeiriad
:_______________________________.
ffeiriad < ’ffeiriad ‹feir
-yad› masculine noun
1
clergyman, vicar, priest; see: offeiriad
:_______________________________.
ffeiriau ‹FEIR ye›
1 fairs - plural of ffair
:_______________________________.
ffeirio ‹FEIR yo›
1 swap
:_______________________________.
ffeit ‹FEITH ye›
1 facts - plural of ffaith
Daeth rhyw Sais meddw yn chwilio am ffeit at y ford lle yr oedden ni i
gyd n eistedd
Some
drunken Englishman looking for a fight came to the table where we were sitting
:_______________________________.
ffeithiau ‹FEITH ye›
1 facts - plural of ffaith
:_______________________________.
ffenast ‹fê-nast› feminine
noun
1 Colloquial form of ffenestr (= window) in north-west and
south-east Wales.
The rest of the country has final
“e” - ffenest
:_______________________________.
Ffenast y Pàs ‹fê-nast
ə pas› feminine
noun
See ffenestr (= window)
:_______________________________.
ffender, ffenderi ‹FEN der, fen DE ri›
1 fender
2 ffender
wartheg PLURAL ffenderi gwartheg cowcatcher = device on the front of
a locomotive – metal frame set at an angle – to clear obstructions from the
track (“fender (of) cattle”)
:_______________________________.
ffenest ‹fê-nest› feminine
noun
Colloquial form of ffenestr (= window) in south-west,
central and north-east Wales. The north-west and south-east have a final “a” - ffenast
:_______________________________.
ffenestr ‹fê-nest› feminine
noun
PLURAL ffenestri ‹fe-ne-stri›
1 window = opening in the wall of a building, or in the body of a vehicle
ffenestr do
= skylight
pwyso allan o ffenest lean out of a window
2 shop window = window behind which there is a display of goods for sale
3 window = window pane
4 Computers window
5 Photography viewfinder
6 Meteorology 'weather window',
clear patch of sky in a pass between two mountains and under a layer of cloud.
If the 'window' is light, fine weather is indicated; if it darkens and
disappears, rain is on its way.
Ffenast y Pàs
- name of such a clear patch as seen from Llanberis, Gwynedd ("{the}
window {of} the mountain pass")
7 bocs ffenestr window-box,
trough with plants on an outside window-sill
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British <
Latin fenestra = window;
Compare German das Fenster, French fenêtre,
Catalan finestra, all from the
same Latin word
NOTE: The colloquial form is usually
ffenest ‹fê-nest›, and in the districts with 'a' in
the final syllable it is ffenast ‹fê-nast›. The final 'r' is pronounced in
formal Welsh: ffenestr ‹fê-nestr›
:_______________________________.
ffenestr fwa ‹fe
-nest bu- a› feminine
noun
PLURAL ffenestri bwa ‹fe-ne-stri
bu-a›
1 bow window, bay window = segmentally curved window
ETYMOLOGY: (ffenestr = window) + soft mutation + (bwa = bow)
:_______________________________.
ffenestr godi ‹FE nest GO di›
1 guillotine window
:_______________________________.
ffens ‹fens › feminine
noun
PLURAL ffensus, ffensiau ‹fen
-sis, fens -ye›
1 fence = barrier round a field of posts and wire, to prevent entry, keep
animals in, or mark the boundary of a property
2 garden fence = similar structure (eg round a garden), or with similar
functions
ETYMOLOGY: English fence, clipped form of defence (= defensive structure) <
Latin dêfensum, past participle of dêfendere (= to defend)
:_______________________________.
ffens eira ‹fens EI ra›
1 snow fence - roadside fence to keep snow from covering a road
:_______________________________.
ffensio ‹fens -yo› verb
1 to fence (= enclose a field, etc) f
fensiwyd y tir gan y perchennog the field was fenced by the owner
ETYMOLOGY: (ffens = fence) + (-io
suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
ffêr, ferrau / fferi ‹FEER, FEE re / FEE ri›
1 ankle (North)
:_______________________________.
fferdod ‹FER dod› masculine
noun
1 coldness
2 fferdod rhywiol frigidity,
sexual frigidity
:_______________________________.
fferi, fferis ‹FE ri, FE ris›
1 ferry
:_______________________________.
Y Fferi-uchaf ‹ə FE-ri I-khav› feminine
noun
1 town in the county of Y Fflint, 9km west of Chester, on the south bank
of the river Dyfrdwy (English name: Queensferry)
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently a translation of the English name 'Lower Ferry',
which was the original name of Queensferry.
The village of Saltney was
originally called Higher Ferry (and in Welsh Y Fferi
Uchaf).
Lower Ferry, in a supine gesture to English
royalty, became Kingsferry on the coronation of King George IV in 1820. On the
coronation of Queen Victoria, seventten years later in 1837, it was changed to
Queensferry.
:_______________________________.
Y Fferi-uchaf ‹ə FE-ri II-khav› feminine
noun
1 (= the upper ferry) Welsh name for Saltney, a village which straddles
the Welsh-English border.
The fords crossing Afon Dyfrdwy
(River Dee) downstream of Chester were lost when a new river channel was made.
An Act of Parliament passed in 1744 set up the the River Dee Company which
established two ferries to rplace the fords. The company supplied the boats and
maintained the roads leading to the ferries. The Higher Ferry was operated by the Manifold family from its
inception in the 1740s, and the same family operated it for over two hundred
years. It closed in 1968.
:_______________________________.
fferm ‹ferm› feminine noun
PLURAL ffermydd ‹fer-midh›
1 farm, land (usually around a house and buildings) for cultivation of
crops or rearing livestock;
fferm fynydd
hill farm
2 land or water used to produce a specific type of crop or animal
fferm bysgod
= fish farm,
fferm ieir =
chicken farm,
fferm foch =
pig farm,
ffferm laeth
= dairy farm,
fferm faco
tobacco farm
3 farm + name of the farm
ar ganol beili fferm Pen-y-graig
Ucha
in the middle of the forecourt /
yard of Pen-y-graig Ucha farm
4 in place names in the county of Môn, as fferam
Wmffra Elis, y Fferam Wmffra Elis, of (the farm called) Y
Fferam
5 ar y fferm on the farm;
Arferai fy nhaid adael i'r Sipsiwn
aros ysbaid ar ddarn o dir ar y fferm
My grandfather would allow the
Gypsies to stay for a while on a piece of land on the farm
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh fferm < Middle English ferm (modern English farm) < Late Latin firma (= lease, fixed payment - made by
a farmer to rent the land) < firmus
= firm
NOTE: in the north-west, also fferam; also in Welsh ffarm, which represents a later loan
from English (originally in English it was pronounced with 'er', and afterwards
'ar'; there are similar examples in the English of the USA, where the earlier
form with 'er' persists (though the original 'e' is now pronounced as an
obscure vowel) in 'clerk, Derby', but has become 'ar' in England, and sometimes
written as such, as in the surnames Clark, Darbyshire). Sometimes fferam is written fferem, a more literary form.
:_______________________________.
ffermdy, ffermdai ‹FERM di, FERM dai›
1 farmhouse
ETYMOLOGY: (fferm = farm) + (soft mutation) + (ty^ = house)
:_______________________________.
fferm loynnod byw, ffermydd gloynnod byw ‹ferm lo Ə nod BIU, FER midh glo Ə
nod BIU›
1 butterfly farm
:_______________________________.
ffermwr, ffermwyr ‹FER mur, FERM wir› masculine
noun
1 farmer
:_______________________________.
fferyll ‹fê -rilh› masculine
noun
PLURAL fferyllion, fferylliaid ‹fe-rəlh-yon,
fe-rəlh-yed›
1 (obsolete) apothecary, alchemist, magician
2 (obsolete) druggist, chemist. The modern form is fferyllydd, with the suffix -ydd
ETYMOLOGY: from the name Fferyll = Virgil, “Publius Vergilius
Maro” (70-19 BC, Latin poet). In the Middle Ages it was believed that
“Vergilius” was a magician
:_______________________________.
fferylleg ‹fe-rə-lheg› feminine
noun
1 pharmaceutics = science of preparing medicines
ETYMOLOGY: (fferyll = druggist, chemist) + (-eg suffix for forming nouns with the sense of ‘science’)
:_______________________________.
fferyllfa ‹fe-
rəlh -va› feminine noun
PLURAL fferyllféydd ‹fe-rəlh-veidh›
1 pharmacy, chemist's shop; shop where medicines are sold
ETYMOLOGY: (fferyll = druggist, chemist) + (-eg suffix for forming nouns with the sense of ‘place’)
:_______________________________.
fferylliaeth ‹fe-
rəlh -yeth› feminine noun
1 pharmacy = collecting, preparing and dispensing of medicines
2 pharmacy = art of preparing and mixing medicines
ETYMOLOGY: (fferyll = druggist, chemist) + (-i-aeth suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
fferyllol ‹fe-
rə -lhol› adjective
1 pharmaceutical
ETYMOLOGY: (fferyll = druggist, chemist) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
fferyllydd ‹fe-
rə -lhidh› masculine noun
PLURAL feryllwyr, fferyllyddion ‹fe-
rəlh -wir fe-rə-lhədh-yon›
1 pharmacist, chemist, druggist = person who keeps a chemist's shop
(American: druggist)
ETYMOLOGY: (fferyll = druggist, chemist) + (-ydd suffix to indicate an agent). See fferyll < Fferyll =
Virgil (70-19 BC), Latin poet
:_______________________________.
ffesant, ffesantod ‹FE sant, fe SAN tod›
1 pheasant
:_______________________________.
Ffestin ‹FE stin›
1 man's name (obsolete)
:_______________________________.
Ffestiniog ‹fes-
stin -yog› feminine noun
1 SH7041 locality in the county
of Gwynedd;
Also: Llan Ffestiniog ("the village (with the parish church) of
Ffestiniog")
Local forms: Stiniog, Llan Stiniog, Y
Llan
Roedd yn ddisgybl yn yr Ysgol Sir ym Mlaenau Ffestiniog. Gan ei fod yn
byw yn y Llan, roedd yn rhaid mynd a dwad i'r ysgol ar y trên
He was a pupil in the County School
in Blaenau Ffestiniog. Since he lived in the Llan, he had to go by train to and
from school
2 a parish at this place
3 SH7045 Blaenau Ffestiniog ‹BLEI-nai, e, fe-STIN-yog›
locality in Gwynedd "the upland of the parish of Ffestiniog"
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Ffestiniog (Ffestin = man's name) + (-i-og
= suffix with the sense of 'territory of')
:_______________________________.
ffeuen, ffa ‹FEI en, FAA› feminine noun
1 bean
2 ffeuen Ffrengig, ffa Ffrengig ‹FEI en FRE ngig, faa FRE ngig› French bean
DIALECTAL AND ARCHAIC WORDS AND PHRASES USED IN THE WEST OF SOMERSET AND EAST DEVON. / FREDERICK THOMAS ELWORTHY (1930-1907) / 1886.FRENCH BEANS... Applied by cottagers to the dwarf varieties only. The climbing runners are always kidney-beans, from the colour and chape of the seed.
----
:_______________________________.
ffi ‹fii› feminine
noun
PLURAL ffïau, ffïoedd, ffis ‹fî
-, fî-odh, fiis›
1 fee = money paid to a professional person or technician for her / his
services
ffi sefydlog
fixed fee
2 fee = money paid to a performer for her / his services
3 fee = money paid by a student for a course
Maent wedi addo dileu ffioedd myfyrwyr
They've promised to abolish
students' fees
ETYMOLOGY: English fee (= price) < fee (= goods) < fee
(= cattle) < Middle English < French of England fie < Old French fie
< fief < Germanic;
C the related words
..1/ Old English feoh (= cattle, property);
..2/ Dutch vee / rundvee (= cattle)
..3/ Latin pecû (= flock of sheep), pecus
(= cattle), pecûnia (= wealth)
..4/ Greek pokos (= fleece)
:_______________________________.
ffidil, ffidlau ‹FII-dil, FID le›
1 fiddle
:_______________________________.
ffieiddbeth ‹fi-eidh-beth› masculine
noun
1 repulsive thing, abomination
Lefiticus 7:18 Ac os bwyteir dim o gig offrwm ei ebyrth hedd
ef o fewn y trydydd dydd, ni byddir bodlon i’r hwn a’i hoffrymo ef, ac nis
cyfrifir iddo, ffieiddbeth fydd; a’r dyn a fwyty ohono, a ddwg ei anwiredd.
Leviticus 7:18 And if any of the flesh of
the sacrifice of his peace offerings be eaten at all on the third day, it shall
not be accepted, neither shall it be imputed unto him that offereth it: it
shall be an abomination, and the soul that eateth of it shall bear his
iniquity.
ETYMOLOGY: (ffiaidd = repulsive) + soft mutation + (peth = thing)
:_______________________________.
ffig.
1 abbreviation
= ffigurol
:_______________________________.
ffigsen, ffigs ‹FIG sen, FFIGS›
1 fig
:_______________________________.
ffigurol ‹fi-GII-rol› adjective
1
figurative
Abbreviation:
ffig.
:_______________________________.
ffigysen, ffigys ‹fi GƏ sen, FI gis›
1 fig
:_______________________________.
Ffilip ‹FII-lip›
1 man's name = Philip
:_______________________________.
ffilm, ffilmiau ‹FILM, FILM ye›
1 film
:_______________________________.
ffin, ffiniau ‹FIIN, FIN ye› (f)
1 boundary, limit
:_______________________________.
Ffineg ‹FII-neg› (f)
1 Finnish
:_______________________________.
ffinnant ‹FI-nant›[ˡfɪnant]feminine noun
PLURAL ffïnentydd ‹fi-NENT-idh› [fɪˡnɛntɪð]
1 boundary stream
2 Ffinnant Isaf SN9731
(“Finnant-isaf”)
A farm near Y Trallwng, Brycheiniog,
Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/24593
ETYMOLOGY: (ffin = boundary) + (nant = stream)
:_______________________________.
ffiol ‹fî -ol› feminine
noun
PLURAL ffiolau ‹fi-ô-le›
1 phial = small medicine bottle
2 South-west Wales bowl
3 wooden bowl for porridge, soup
4 (counties of Ceredigion, Penfro) ffiol
gardod begging bowl;
(county of Penfro) bowl for
measuring flour given to the poor
5 ffiol wallt pudding basin
for cutting the hair (placed over the hair, and protruding hair trimmed)
6 ffiol laeth skimmer = wooden
implement in form of a thin saucer for skimming cream off the surface of milk
7 dish
Barnwyr 5:25 Dwfr a geisiodd efe, llaeth a roddes hithau; mewn ffiol ardderchog y
dug hi ymenyn
Judges 5:25 He asked water, and she
gave him milk; she brought forth butter in a lordly dish
8 cup
mae'ch ffiol yn llawn "your cup is full", one's joy is complete, one has more than
the usual amount of happiness
Salmau 23:5 Ti arlwyi ford ger fy mron yng ngwydd fy ngwrthwynebwyr: iraist fy mhen
ag olew; fy ffiol sydd lawn
Psalms 23:5 Thou preparest a table
before me in the presence of mine enemies; thou anointest my head with oil; my
cup runneth over
Dim ond wythnos yn ôl roedd ffiol Gwyn yn llawn. Roedd Mair wedi cytuno
i'w briodi, roedd ganddo well swydd...
Just a week ago Gwyn's cup was full.
Mair had ageed to marry him, he had a better job...
9 ffiol gwsg soporific cup
Sechareia 12:2 Wele fi yn gwneuthur Jerwsalem yn ffiol gwsg i'r bobloedd oll o
amgylch, pan fyddont yn y gwarchae yn erbyn Jwda, ac yn erbyn Jerwsalem
Zechariah 12:2 Behold, I will make
Jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all the people round about, when they shall
be in the siege both against Judah and against Jerusalem
10 obsolete ffiol yr ymennydd brain pan = the part of the skull enclosing the
brain
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English fiole (= phial) < French fiole < Latin phiala < Greek phialê
(= broad shallow bowl).
Modern French fiole (= phial)
NOTE: Also ffiolen ‹fi-ô-len›, with the diminutive suffix -en:
:_______________________________.
ffion ‹fî -on› masculine
noun
PLURAL ffionau ‹fi-ô-ne›
1 obsolete rose
formerly, in Brynaman, ffion y gaeaf Helleborus niger Christmas rose
2 Ffion girl's name = Rose
3 foxglove Digitalis purpurea
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British <
Celtic; cf Latin spiônia (= kind of
grapevine)
NOTE: also ffionen
:_______________________________.
Ffis.
1 abbreviation
= Ffiseg physics
:_______________________________.
ffiseg ‹FI seg› feminine
noun
1 physics
Abbreviation
(as a field label in a dictionary): Ffis.
:_______________________________.
ffisig ‹ fi
-sig› masculine noun
(North Wales)
1
medicine
ffisig parod patent
medicine
cael blas o’ch ffisig eich hun have / get a taste of your own medicine
trio blas o’ch ffisig eich hun have / get a taste of your own medicine
rhoi ichi flas o’ch ffisig eich hun give you a taste your own medicine
ETYMOLOGY: ffisig < English physic
(= medicine) < Old French physique
< Latin physicus (= natural) <
Greek phusikê < phusis (= nature)
:_______________________________.
ffit, ffitiau ‹FIT, FIT-ye› feminine noun
1 fit, bout
cael ffit have a
fit
Fe gaiff ffit pan glyw amdano He’ll
have a fit when he finds out
:_______________________________.
ffitio ‹FIT yo› verb
1 to fit
2 ffitio fel gwain am dwca be
a perfect fit, fit like a glove (“fit like a sheath round a knife”)
3 ffitio
fel maneg fit like a glove
:_______________________________.
ffiwg ‹fiuug › feminine
noun
PLURAL ffiwgau ‹fiuu
-ge›
1 fugue
ffiwg driphlyg
triple fugue
ETYMOLOGY: English fugue < French < Italian fuga < Latin fuga (= flight, escaping)
:_______________________________.
ffiws, ffiwsiau / ffiwsus ‹FIUS,
FIUS ye / FIU sis›
1 fuse
:_______________________________.
Ffl.
1 abbreviation
< Fflint (= Sir y Fflint county of Y Fflint)
:_______________________________.
fflabatsh
‹fla-bach› feminine
noun
1 (South
Wales) cunt, vagina
ETYMOLOGY:
??
:_______________________________.
fflachio ‹FLAKH yo›
1 to flash
:_______________________________.
fflam, fflamau ‹FLAM, FLA me›
1 flame
2 gwenfflam blazing, ablaze
(gwen feminine form of gwyn
= white) + (fflam = flame)
gyrru (rhywun) yn wenfflam = send someone into a towering rage
mynd yn wenfflam go up in flames, burst into flames
:_______________________________.
fflamio ‹FLAM-yo›
1 (fire) flare up
fflamio’n las flare
up with a
blue flame.
Cofiant Matthews, Ewenni, John James
Morgan, 1922, p397
Cymhellid gwin ysgaw arno ym Mynydd
Cynffig.
“A oes alcol ynddo?”
“Nac oes, fi gwnaeth e.”
Taflodd yntau lwyaid ohono i’r tân,
a fflamiodd yn las.
“Dyna i chi,” meddai; “ped yfwn
ddigon o hwn fe feddwn fel tincer.”
Some elderberry wine was foisted on
him in Mynyddcynffig.
“Is there alcohol in it?”
“No, I myself made it.”
He threw a teaspoonful of it into
the fire, and it flared up with
a blue flame.
“Well now,” he said, “If I were to
drink enough of this I get as drunk as a tinker” (“I would get drunk like a
tinker”)
:_______________________________.
fflan ‹FLAN›
1 flan
:_______________________________. fflangell, fflangellau ‹FLA ngelh, fla NGHE lhai -lhe›
1 whip
:_______________________________. fflap cath ‹flap kaath› masculine noun
1 cat flap = small door within a large door to allow a cat to enter and leave
ETYMOLOGY: "flap (of) cat"; (fflap = flap) + (cath = cat), translation of English cat flap
:_______________________________. fflat, fflatiau ‹FLAT, FLAT ye›
1 flat, apartment
:_______________________________. fflem ‹ flem › f
1 phlegm
fflem lysnafeddog slimy phlegm
2 phlegm = one of the four supposed humours of the body, phlegm being responsible for laziness
ETYMOLOGY: English phlegm < French fleume < Latin phlegma < Greek phlegma (= inflammation) < phlegein = to burn)
:_______________________________. Fflemeg ‹FLE meg›
1 Flemish
:_______________________________. fflint ‹flint › feminine noun
PLURAL fflintiau ‹flint -ye› 1 flint = hard stone which gives off sparks when struck with steel
carreg fflint flint, flintstone
cloddfa fflint flint mine
2 flint = piece of flint used to provide fire. Also: fflinten
ETYMOLOGY: English flint < Old English. Related to Latin splendêre (= to shine)
:_______________________________. Y Fflint ‹ə flint ›
1 (SJ2473) main town in the county of Y Fflint
English name: Flint French name (found in certain medieval documents): Le Caillou In modern French, caillou is (1) pebble, stone; (2) boulder, rock; (3) precious stone, jewel; (4) a slang term for the head – bonce, nut,
2 Y Fflint a parish at this place
3 Sir y Fflint the county of Y Fflint
Abbreviation (e.g. in a dictionary entry) Ffl. Sir Fflint colloquial form (probably imitating place names where the linking “y” is dropped – Pen-y-cae > Pen-cae, etc.)
4 Nant y Fflint (“(the) stream (of) Y Fflint”)
(SJ2473) Stream running into the river Dyfrdwy by Y Fflint Mynydd y Fflint the upland of Flint, Englished as “Flint Mountain”
Mynydd-y-fflint the village here “Flint Mountain”
Mountain is an unfortunate translation from Welsh as mynydd is also “upland, moorland, unenclosed land, common land”. As the caption of the photographer in the following photograph states: “Flint Mountain is the name of the village, it's actually on a small hill”. http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/222674 Eglwys Sant Tomas / Saint Thomas’ Church (“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”) ETYMOLOGY: From Flint, the English name for this place. As a common noun, flint in modern English refers to a specific form of silica, though originally it probably referred to any kind of hard rock
:_______________________________. ffliw ‹FLIU›
1 flu
brechiad gwrth-ffliw (m), brechiadau... anti-flu injection
(less correctly) brechiad ffliw anti-flu injection
brechlyn gwrth-ffliw (m), brechlynnau gwrth-ffliw anti-flu vaccine
Mae’r ffliw arno He’s got flu (“the flu is on him”)
:_______________________________. ffliw ‹ fliu › feminine noun
PLURAL ffliwau ‹ fliu -e› (South Wales) 1 Also ffliwen smack, slap rhoi ffliwen i rywun hit somebody, give someone a smack
2 bod ar y ffliw fowr (county of Penfro) be very drunk ETYMOLOGY: Unknown origin - probably an English word :_______________________________. ffliwen ‹ fliu -en›
1 see ffliw (= punch, smack, blow) :_______________________________. ffliwt ‹fliut› feminine noun
PLURAL ffliwtiau ‹fliut-ye› 1 flute
canu’r ffliwt play the flute (“make the flute sing”)
dawnsio ar ôl pob ffliwt
dance to every fiddle, change one’s opinion to agee with whatever is being said ETYMOLOGY: English flute ‹fliuut› < French flahute < (Old) Occitan < Vulgar Latin *flabeolum (in the Occitan word there is influence of the word laut = lute). Compare modern Catalan flauta NOTE: Also with a diminutive suffix ffliwten ‹fliut-en› :_______________________________. Y Fflos ‹FLOOS› m? f?
1 SO2198 marshy ground in Ffordun, Powys http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=268573 Y Fflos. Map. ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English Cf the words flush and flosh in Scottish place names (= boggy ground with water on the surface)
:_______________________________. fflwar ‹flu -ar› masculine noun
PLURAL fflwars ‹flu -ars› North Wales 1 Englishism flower
pot fflwars flower pot
2 Englishism flour
ETYMOLOGY: fflwar < fflwer < English flower, flour (These are in fact the same word, but modern English differentiates the two meanings with different spellings) . The present pronunciation in English is ‹flau-ə› but six hundred years ago it was ‹fluər / fluur›. Cf the Welsh word fflwr (= flour) :_______________________________. fflŵr ‹FLUUR›
1 flour (South-west Wales)
:_______________________________. fflyd, fflydoedd ‹FLIID, FLƏ-dodh›
1 fleet
fflyd o gychod pysgota fishing fleet
:_______________________________. ffo ‹FOO› ‹ar FOO›
1 flight (= escape)
2 ar ffo ‹ar FOO› (adverb) fleeing
:_______________________________. ffoadur, ffoaduriaid ‹fo A dir, fo a DIR yed›
1 refugee
ffoaduriaid a chwilwyr lloches refugees and asylum seekers
gwersyll ffoaduriaid (m) gwersylloedd ffoaduriaid refugee camp
dalfa ffoaduriaid (f) dalféydd ffoaduriaid refugees’ detention centre
:_______________________________. ffocstrot ‹foks-trot› feminine noun
PLURAL ffocstrotiau, ffocstrots ‹focs- trot-ye, foks-trots› 1 foxtrot = type of ballroom dance
ffocstrot araf slow foxtrot
ETYMOLOGY: English foxtrot = (fox + trot) :_______________________________. ffocstrotio ‹focs- trot-yo› verb
1 to foxtrot, to do the foxtrot
ETYMOLOGY: (ffocstrot foxtrot = a type of dance) + (-io suffix for forming verbs) :_______________________________. ffodus ‹FOO dis›
1 fortunate
:_______________________________. fföes ‹fôis› feminine noun
1 variant of the word ffos (= ditch)
2 Ffoes Las Fach [fois laas vaakh] ‘little green ditch’. A lost place name in Caer-dydd.
According to John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911): “FOES-LASE-VACH" A meadow in the parish of Llanedern (1702)” The local form would have been Ffois Læs Fæch [fois lä:s vä:kh], and the spelling ‘lase’ indicates this local pronunciation, though it is not extended to the spelling of ‘vach’, probably because there was no easy way to indicate the sound, unless the unusual spelling ‘vech’ were to be used. It might also be conveniently written as Ffois Lääs Fääch, to indicate the length and the ä quality of the long a in south-east Wales. 3 Ffoesyrefail farm in Pen-coed, county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (“(the) ditch (of) the smithy”)
:_______________________________. ffoglyd ‹fo -glid› adjective
1 region of Morgannwg (weather) misty, damp, heavy
2 (food) filling
3 (chest) asthmatic
4 North Wales (appearance) bloated
ETYMOLOGY: (ffòg = fog) + (-lyd adjectival suffix) NOTE: Also: ffoclyd ‹fok-lid› :_______________________________. ffogo ‹fo -go› verb
1 central Ceredigion stuff oneself with food, eat too much; overfill (stomach)
NOTE: Also: ffoco :_______________________________. ffogen ‹FO gen›
1 fog (South Wales)
:_______________________________. ffoi ‹FOI›
1 flee = run away
ffoi rhag... run away (from a danger)
ffoi rhag rhywbeth flee / run away from something
rhwystro rhywun rhag ffoi stop someone from running away
(“impede somebody in front of fleeing”) ffoi rhag y llid a ddaw flee the wrath that is to come
ffowch rhag y farn a ddaw flee from the wrath to come
ffoi o... escape from (a place)
ffoi o rywle flee from somewhere
ffoi o’ch lloches break cover (“flee from your shelter”)
ffoi o’r ddalfa escape from prison
2 ymladd neu ffoi (Biology) fight or flight
3 ffoi am eich einioes (rhàg...) ‹foi am əkh ein -yos›
flee for one's life, run for one's life (from...) (ffoi = flee) + (am = for) + (eich = your) + (einioes = life) :_______________________________. 1 ffôl ‹FOOL›
1 foolish
cymryd cam ffôl do something rash (“take (a) foolish step”)
2 (South Wales) of poor quality
Dyw e ddim yn ffôl It's not bad (i.e. it’s quite good)
:_______________________________. 2 ffôl ‹fool› feminine noun
PLURAL ffôls ‹fools› 1 (North Wales) fall (in a slate quarry)
2 Nant y Ffôl place name, Patagonia, south of Trevelin in the Argentinian Andes.
In fact, in this place name “ffôl” is spelt as in English, hence Nant y Fall is the form always used. The meaning is probably "stream (of) the (water)fall” rather than “stream (of) the fallen stones". (Can anybody confirm this?) ETYMOLOGY: English fall < Old English feallan (= to fall); cf German der Fall (= fall)GPC has ffôl (eb) “fall in a slate quarry”.:_______________________________. ffolder, ffolderau / ffolderi ‹FOL der. Fol DE re / fol DE ri›
1 folder
:_______________________________. ffolen, ffolennau ‹FO len, fo LE ne› feminine noun
1 buttock
:_______________________________. ffolog ‹fo-log› feminine noun
PLURAL ffologod ‹fo- lô-god› 1 silly woman, silly thing (female)
Diarhebion 14:1 Gwraig ddoeth a adeilada ei thŷ: ond y ffolog a'i tyn ef i lawr â’i dwylo. Proverbs 14:1 Every wise woman buildeth her house: but the foolish plucketh it down with her hands. Gwcw fach, ond wyt ti'n ffolog - canu 'mhlith yr eithin pigog
Little cuckoo, aren’t you a foolish thing, singing amidst the prickly gorse (words of the folk song “Y Gwcw Fach” – the little cuckoo) ETYMOLOGY: (ffôl = fool) + (-og adjectival or nominal suffix)
:_______________________________. ffolól ‹fo LOL›
1 nonsense
:_______________________________. ffolt, ffoltiau ‹FOLT, FOLT ye›
1 (Geology) fault
:_______________________________. ffôl y gannwyll ‹fool ə ga-nuilh› masculine noun
1 South-east Wales moth ("fool of the candle" because it flies into the candle flame)
:_______________________________. ffon, ffyn ‹FON FIN› feminine noun
1 stick = long thin piece of wood
2 wand = stick used for magic
ffon hud magic wand
3 stick = walking stick
ffon gerdded walking stick
(South Wales) clopa ffon knob on a walking stick bwrw hen wragedd a ffyn rain cats and dogs (“rain old women and walking sticks”)
4 rod = stick for measuring
ffon fesur measuring rod
EXPRESSIONS WITH FFON: pen praffa’r ffon the thick end of the stick (“the thickest end of the stick”)
bod pen praffa’r ffon gan... have the advantage, give the orders, have the last word (“have the thickest end of the stick”)
Mae pen praffa’r ffon nawr gan y masnachwyr a nhw sydd yn penderfynnu’r pris a gaiff y ffermwyr am y llaeth
The merchants now have the last word and they are the ones who decide the price the farmers will get for their milk COMPARISONS: mor syth â ffon as straight as a ramrod (“as straight as a stick”)
TYPES OF STICK: cynffon (f) cynffonnau tail
(cyn- = dog) + (ffon = stick) drymffon PLURAL drymffyn drumstick
(drym- stem of drymio = to drum) + (ffon = stick) llawffon walking stick (llaw = hand) + (ffon = stick) ffon dabwrdd drumstick
ffon dafl ‹fon da -val› feminine noun
PLURAL ffyn tafl ‹fin ta -val› sling = (weapon) strip of leather held in the hand so as to form a loop, used for throwing stones (carreg dafl = slingstone) ETYMOLOGY: (ffon = stick) + soft mutation + (tafl ‘thrown’, stem of the verb taflu = to throw) ffon darw ‹fon da -ru› feminine noun
PLURAL ffyn teirw ‹fin tei -ru› (County of Môn) bull's penis dried and used as a stick ETYMOLOGY: ‘bull stick’ (ffon = stick) + soft mutation + (tarw = bull) ffon fesur (f) ffyn mesur measuring rod
(ffon = stick) + soft mutation + (mesur = measuring; to measure) ffon gerdded (f) ffyn cerdded walking stick
(ffon = stick) + soft mutation + (cerdded = walking; to walk) ffon guro drwm, PLURAL: ffyn curo drwm ‹fon GII ro DRUM, fin GII ro DRUM› feminine noun
drumstick (“stick (of) beating drum”) ffon hud magic wand
ffon wreichion, PLURAL: ffyn gwreichion ‹fon WREIKH yon, fin GWREIKH yon› feminine noun sparkler
“stick (of) sparks”, “spark stick” (ffon = stick) + sodt mutation + (gwreichion = sparks) :_______________________________. ffondant ‹fon -dant› masculine noun
PLURAL ffondantau ‹fon- dan -te› 1 fondant – sweet of thick creamy paste
ETYMOLOGY: English fondant < French fondant (= melting) < fondre (= to melt) < Latin fundere (= to melt) :_______________________________. ffonfesurwr ‹fon-ve-sî-rur› masculine noun
PLURAL ffonfesurwyr ‹fon-ve-sir-wir› 1 (Surveying) staffman, one who holds the staff
ETYMOLOGY: (ffon fesur = measuring stick) + (-wr suffix = ‘man’) :_______________________________. ffôn ‹foon› masculine noun
PLURAL ffôns, ffonau ‹fô-ne› 1 telephone
2 ffôn boced = mobile phone ("phone (of) pocket", pocket phone)
3 ar y ffôn = (talking) on the phone
4 ar y ffôn = on the phone (owning a phone)
Ych chi ar y ffôn? Are you on the phone?
5 llyfr ffôn = phone book
6 rhif ffôn = phone number
7 codi'r ffôn = pick up the phone, pick up the receiver, answer the phone
8 cysylltydd ffôn = phone operator
9 galwad ffôn = phone call
10 derbynnydd ffôn = phone receiver, part of a telephone held to the ear
11 ciosg ffôn, phone kiosk
12 caban ffön = phone box
13 tapio ffôn = to tap a phone; tapio ffonau to tap phones
ETYMOLOGY: English phone < telephone (Greek tele = far) + (Greek phônê = voice) :_______________________________. ffôn ateb ‹foon A teb›
1 doorphone (at entrance to flats)
:_______________________________. ffoniad ‹ fon -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL ffoniadau ‹ fon- yâ -de› 1 blow with a stick
2 beating with a stick
rhoi ffoniad i give a beating (with a stick) to
ETYMOLOGY: ffon (= stick) + (-i-ad abstract noun-forming suffix) NOTE: (South Wales) ffonnad, ffonadau :_______________________________. ffonio ‹fon-yo› verb
1 to telephone, to phone, to make a phone call
ETYMOLOGY: (ffôn = phone) + (-io suffix for forming verbs) :_______________________________. ffonnad ‹ fo -nad› masculine noun
PLURAL ffonadau ‹ fo- nâ -de› (South Wales) 1 blow with a stick
See ffoniad :_______________________________. ffonnod ‹ fo -nod› f;eminine noun
PLURAL ffoniadau ‹ fon- yâ -de› 1 blow with a stick
ETYMOLOGY: ffonn- < ffon (= stick) + (-od suffix for forming nouns = blow ‹with a stick, etc›) :_______________________________. ffonodio ‹ fo- nod -yo› verb
1 hit with a stick
ETYMOLOGY: (ffonod = beating with a stick) + (-io suffix for forming verbs) :_______________________________. fforc, ffyrc ‹FORK, FIRK› ‹FIRKS›
1 fork
2 Cystal bys a bawd â chyllell a fforc Fingers were made before forks (in excusing oneself for not eating with a knife and fork) (“(it-is) as-good (a ) finger and thumb as (a) knife and fork”)
3 fforc weini, ffyrc gweini ‹fork WEI ni, firk GWEI ni› serving fork
:_______________________________. fforch, ffyrch / fforchau ‹FORKH, FIRKH / FOR khe› feminine noun
1 pitchfork
2 fforch dail, ffyrch tail ‹forkh DAIL, firkh TAIL› dung fork
fforch wair, ffyrch gwair ‹forkh WAIR, firkh GWAIR› hay fork
3 trawfforch tuning fork, “pitchfork” (traw = (Music) pitch) + (fforch = fork)
:_______________________________. fforchiad, fforchiadau ‹FORKH yad, forkh YAA dai -de› masculine noun
1 bifurcation
:_______________________________. fforchio ‹FORKH-yo› (verb)
1 to fork
2 fforchio’n ddwy (path, road) to fork (“(to) fork in two (parts)”)
:_______________________________. (1) ffordd, ffyrdd ‹fordh, firdh› (f)
1 road
2 (sign) “Ffordd ar gau” ‹fordh ar GAI› = “Road Closed”
3 gadael ffordd glir leave a
passageway, leave room to get by
4 ffordd ’gosa improvised,
makeshift, impromptu
(< y ffordd agosaf “(the) nearest way”)
pryd ffordd ’gosa an improvised meal
5 rhan
o’r ffordd part of the way
(adverb) ran
o’r ffordd part of the way (with soft mutation)
mynd ran o’r ffordd gyda rhywun go part
of the way with somebody
6 way =
route to a specified place
Allech chi ddangos imi’r ffordd i’r
orsaf? Could you show me the way to the station?
7 gwaith ffordd road works =
the repairing of a road surface, or the installing or maintenance of pipes or
cables under the road (gwaith =
work) + (ffordd = road)
Also gwaith ar ffordd “work on road”
8 mynd y ffordd fyrraf go the
shortest way
9 rhwystr ffordd PLURAL rhwystrau ffyrdd roadblock
(“obstacle (of) road”)
10 ymhób dull a ffordd in all sorts of ways (“in every form and
way”)
11 troi
ychydig o’r ffordd make a slight
diversion (“turn a bit from the road”)
Darfu i amryw gynulleidfaoedd yn
Pennsylvania a New York erfyn arnaf droi ychydig o’r ffordd i alw heibio iddynt
pan ar fy nhaith tua Chymru (Cofiant y Tri
Brawd / E Pan Jones / 1892 / t153 )
Some congregations in Pennsylvania and New
York have asked me to make a slight
diversion to visit them when on my way to Wales
12 cynnal ffordd maintain a road, keep a road
in good repair
13 gweld pa ffordd y mae’r gwynt yn chwythu
see how things are / see how things stand, see how the land lies
13 Hen Ffordd farm name, Abergwyngregyn SH 6572 (county of Conwy),
mentioned in the 1851 Census
yr hen ffordd
“the old road” (yr definite article)
+ (hen = old) + (ffordd = road)
henffordd
14 min ffordd roadside
tafarn min ffordd roadside tavern
15 i ffwrdd away (variation
in the vowel; cf bwrdd = table, < *bordd < English board.
South Wales has bord = table)
16 as a final element in compound
nouns:
cerbytffordd ‹ker-bət-fordh›, (f)
PLURAL cerbytffyrdd ‹
ker-bət-firdh ›
carriageway
ETYMOLOGY: (cerbyd = vehicle) + (ffordd=
road) > *cerbyd·ffordd > cerbytffordd (d-ff > t-ff)
-----
priffordd, PLURAL priffyrdd ‹PRI fordh, PRI firdh› motorway
ETYMOLOGY: (prif
= principal, main) + (ffordd = road) > príf-ffordd > priffordd
-----
traffordd, PLURAL traffyrdd ‹TRAA fordh, TRAA firdh› (feminine noun)
(American: turnpike, freeway) (England: motorway) y draffordd the motorway
ETYMOLOGY: (tra intensifying prefix) + (ffordd = road)
-----
:_______________________________.
(2) ffordd ‹fordh›
1 as a final syllable in place names of English origin with –ford
..a/ Chwitffordd (SJ1478) locality in the county of Y Fflint English
name: Whitford
..b/ Gresffordd (SJ3554) locality in the county of Wrecsam. English
name: Gresford
..c/ Merffordd (SJ3556) locality in the county of Wrecsam, 1km north of
Wrecsam
English name: Marford
:_______________________________.
ffordd angladd ‹fordh a
-ngladh› feminine noun
PLURAL ffyrdd angladd ‹firdh a
-ngladh›
South-west Wales
1 churchroad, funeral road = route taken by a funeral procession to reach
the churchyard or chapel
ETYMOLOGY: (ffordd = road) + (angladd
= funeral)
:_______________________________.
ffordd ddeuol ‹fordh ddei
-ol› feminine noun
PLURAL ffyrdd deuol ‹firdh ddei
-ol›
1 (American: divided highway) (Englandic: dual carriageway)
ETYMOLOGY: (ffordd = road) + soft mutation + (deuol = dual)
:_______________________________.
Y Ffordd Ddolurus ‹ fordh dho-lî-ris› feminine noun
1 Via Dolorosa = in Jerusalem, a
route about a mile long which was taken by Jesus from Pilate’s Hall of
Judgement to the place of crucifixion at Golgotha or Calvary
ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + (ffordd
= road) + soft mutation + (dolurus =
sorrowful, painful)
:_______________________________.
ffordd fawr ‹fordh vaur
›
PLURAL ffyrdd
mawr ‹firdh
maur ›
1 highway
Rheolau'r Ffordd Fawr the Highway Code
2 (in the country) highway, main road
ffordd fawr bedair lôn a four-lane highway
3 (in a village or town) main road, high street
4 street names
..1/ Y Ffordd Fawr the High Street
(on signs usually
without the definite article: Ffordd
Fawr)
..2/ Also the Welsh
translation of various roads called ‘Main Road’ in the north (some of
these roads may have earlier Welsh names or existing genuine Welsh names)
....a/ ‘Main
Road’ Brychdwn (by Caer / Chester)
....b/ ‘Main
Road’ Rhosrobin (county of Wrecsam)
In the south, Heol Fawr would be the more usual
translation
..3/ Welsh
translation of various roads called ‘Main Street’ in the north (some of
these roads may have earlier Welsh names or existing genuine Welsh names)
....a/ ‘Main
Street’ Caer-sws (county of Powys)
In the south, Heol Fawr would be the more usual
translation
ETYMOLOGY: y ffordd
fawr “the big road”
(yr / y = the) + (ffordd =
road) + soft mutation + (mawr = big)
:_______________________________.
Ffordd
Fer ‹fordh ver
›
1 street name in
..a/ Caergybi (county of Ynys Môn)
..b/ Mynyddisa (county of Y Fflint)
..c/ Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint)
ETYMOLOGY: y ffordd fer “the
short road”
(y = the) + (ffordd = road) + soft mutation + (ber,
feminine form of byr = short)
:_______________________________.
fforddiadwy ‹fordh-yâ-dui› verb
1 affordable
cartrefi fforddiadwy affordable homes
mae prinder mawr o
dai fforddiadwy there is an acute / a great shortage of
affordable housing
ETYMOLOGY: (ffordd-i, stem of fforddio = to afford) + (-adwy
suffix)
:_______________________________.
..1 fforddio ‹fordh -yo› verb
1 afford = have enough money to
be able to buy
2 ni + gallu fforddio can't afford = can’t permit, can’t allow (said
of something disadvantageous / detrimental / harmful
for the speaker if
it is allowed to happen, and so must be prevented)
rhwbath na fedra i ddim fforddio peidio â'i neud
something I can't
afford not to do
Fedar dau sy'n morio'n yr un cwch ddim fforddio dal
dig yn hir
Two people sailing
in the same boat can’t afford to be angry with each other for long
ETYMOLOGY: fforddio < *afforddio < English afford
‹əfórd›
(
or an earlier form
in English ‹əfórdh›,
with a final dh)
< Old English geforthian (= to make go further, to
promote)
< (ge- verbal prefix) + (forth = forward, forth) + (-ian verbal suffix)
NOTE:
(1) South-west Wales: ffordo ‹for-do›
(2) South-east Wales: ffwrdo ‹fur-do›
:_______________________________.
..2 fforddio ‹fordh -yo› verb
1 prepare a way
2 instruct, guide, direct
fforddio plant ar y ffordd iawn show children the
proper way
Salmau 37.23 Yr Arglwydd a fforddia gerddediad gŵr
da; a da fydd ganddo ei ffordd ef
Psalms 37.23 The
steps of a good man are ordered by the Lord; and he delighteth in his way
NOTE: county of Caerfyrddin fforddi ‹for-dhi›
ETYMOLOGY: (ffordd = road) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
fforddoliwr, fforddolwyr ‹for
DHOL yur, for DHOL wir›
1 roadmender; roadman = a
workman who repairs and maintains roads
Mae’r
cyngor yn bwriadu cyflogi fforddoliwr
newydd The council intends
to employ a new roadman
fforddoliwr medrus a skilled roadman
:_______________________________.
ffordd osgói ‹fordh
o-SKOI›
(f)
PLURAL ffyrdd osgói
‹firdh o-SKOI›
1 (road) bypass
ffordd osgói
ddwyreiniol eastern bypass
Ffordd Osgói
Ddwyreiniol Llandeilo The Llandeilo Eastern Bypass
Ffordd Osgói
Ddwyreiniol Merthyrtudful The Methyrtudful Eastern Bypass
ETYMOLOGY: “road
(of) avoiding” (ffordd = road) + (osgói = avoiding)
:_______________________________.
ffordd Rufeinig ‹fordh
ri-vei-nig› masculine noun
PLURAL ffyrdd Rhufeinig
‹firdh hri-vei-nig›
1 Roman road, one built by the
Roman occupiers during the four centuries of the occupation of the island of
Britain (43 AD - 410 AD), and characteristically constructed in a straight line
mynd
ar hyd yr hen ffordd Rufeinig a
oedd yn cysylltu caerau Segontiwm a Chaer-hun
go along the old
Roman road that connected the camps at Segontium and Caer-hun
2 In Caer-sws
(county of Powys) there is a street called “Roman Road”, which translated into
Welsh would be Ffordd Rufeinig (though sarn is the usual
expression, as in the street name Tyn-y-sarn (“smallholding by the paved
causeway / by the Roman road”) in the same village)
ETYMOLOGY: (ffordd = road) + soft mutation + (Rhufeinig = Roman)
:_______________________________.
ffôr-ddy-sêc-of-awr-Inglish-ffrens ‹for dhə seek
ov aur ing-glish frens›
1 sarcastic expression used to
criticise the servile attitude of speaking before a Welsh-speaking audience in
English instead of Welsh out of deference if an English person is present in
the gathering (eg, public function, eisteddfod, religious service)
ETYMOLOGY: from the
English phrase pronounced in a Welsh accent “(we shall use English instead of
Welsh) for the sake of our English friends”
:_______________________________.
Y Fforest Fawr ‹fo rest VAUR›
1 place name (non-settlement
name – elements are separate) “the big hunting ground”
ST1383 http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/56091 near Castell Coch,
Rhondda Cynon Taf
SN8758 http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/801463 Abergwesyn, Powys
ETYMOLOGY: (y
definite article) + (fforest =
chase, hunting ground) + (soft mutation m > f) + (mawr = big)
:_______________________________.
Y Fforest-fach ‹fo rest VAAKH›
1 place name (settlement name -
elements are joined together) “the little hunting ground”
SS6295 http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS6295
ETYMOLOGY: (y
definite article) + (fforest =
chase, hunting ground) + (soft mutation b > f) + (bach = small)
:_______________________________.
ffóriner, ffóriners <FO-ri-ner,
FO-ri-ners> [ˡfɔrɪnɛr,ˡfɔrɪnɛrs]
1 foreigner (Englishism)
The standard word
is estron, estroniaid
Ond bysa bod y fforiners yn dod i ddangos amball dwtsh
fel hyn i ni, wn i ddim beth ddela o honon ni... (Llythyra’ Newydd / Bachan
Ifanc / Tarian y Gweithiwr” 1895, 1896, 1897) If
it wasn’t for foreigners showing us little things like that I don’t know what’d
become of us
Cf by coincidence this English spelling from a time when an initial ff-
was sometimes found for single f-: “that ye Beadle shall goe with any ffreeman
that is out of worke to any of ye places where a fforiner is at worke...”
(Curriers’ Company, 1740)
ETYMOLOGY: English
foreigner (foreign + -er) < Middle English forein (the later form
with ‘g’ is in fact an error through confusion with words such as feign,
reign where the g is ortographically justified) from Old French forain, Late Latin forânus
(= exterior, situated on the outside) from Latin forâs (= outside). Cf
Catalan fora (adv) = outside) forà (n) = outsider
:_______________________________.
fforj <FORJ> [ˡfɔrj] feminine noun
1 forge = furnace for heating
and melting iron in order to shape it
Fforj-fach (“little forge”) locality of
Clydach, county of Abertawe
ETYMOLOGY: English forge (= forge) < Middle English forge
< Old French forge (= forge)
< Latin fabrica (= workshop) (in modern French:
forge = forge)
NOTE: also ffortsh
:_______________________________.
fforman, fformyn <FOR-man, FOR-min> [ˡfɔrman, ˡfɔrmɪn
1 foreman = supervisor of a
group of workmen
fforman iard longau
a
shipyard foreman
fforman safle adeiladu
building
site foreman
A synonym is pen-gweithiwr
(‘head / chief worker’)
ETYMOLOGY: English foreman < Middle English forman (= leader)
= ‘man at the front’ (fore = front) + (man)
:_______________________________.
ffortiwn, ffortiynau <FOR-tiun,
for-TIUN-ai, -e> [ˡfɔrtɪʊn, fɔrˡtɪʊnaɪ, -nɛ] (f)
1 fortune = riches
gwneud eich ffortiwn make a fortune (“make your
fortune”)
bod yn werth ffortiwn be worth a mint / a fortune
2 am
ffortiwn for all the tea in China, for anything in the world (“for a fortune”)
Wnawn i mohoni am ffortiwn I wouldn’t do it for all the
tea in China
ETYMOLOGY: English foretune < Old French fortune <
Latin fortūna, derived from fors (= chance)
:_______________________________.
ffos, ffosydd <FOOS, FO-sidh> [ˡfoːs, ˡfɔsɪð]
1 ditch
2 dringo dros glawdd y ffos go over the top, climb out of the trench
and go over the defensive rampart
ETYMOLOGY: Old
Welsh < British < Latin fossa (= ditch), feminine form of fossus
(= dug up) < fodere (= to dig)
:_______________________________.
Ffosfelen <foos VEE-len> [foːs ˡveˑlɛn] feminine noun
1 street name in Tre-gwyr,
Abertawe
ETYMOLOGY: y ffos
felen ‘the yellow ditch’
(ffos = ditch) + soft mutation + (melen, feminine form of melyn = yellow)
:_______________________________.
ffosi <FO-si> [ˡfɔsɪ] verb
1 to dig a trench
2 to moat (a
castle), build a moat around (a castle)
ETYMOLOGY: (ffos = ditch) + (-i suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
Ffos Noddun <foos NOO-dhin> [foːs ˡnoˑðɪn]
1 locality near Betws-y-coed
SH7956 (county of Conwy);
English name ‘Fairy
Glen’ (!!!)
ETYMOLOGY: (‘deep
ditch’) (ffos = ditch) + (noddun, i.e. ’noddun, a form with
the loss of the first syllable of anoddun
(obsolete) (= very deep, bottomless)).
The adjective anoddun (obsolete) < anoddyn <
anoddy’n < anoddyfn
(obsolete)
(an intensifying prefix) + soft mutation
+ (goddyfn = deep)
goddyfn is (go intensifying prefix) + soft mutation
+ (dyfn, a variant of dwfn = deep)
:_______________________________.
Ffos-y-go <foos-ə-GOO> [foːs ə ˡgoː]
1 SJ 3054 village 5km north-west of Wrecsam and 1km north-west of
Gwersyllt
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the)
ditch (of) the smith”)
(ffos = ditch) + (y = definite article) + (gof
= smith).
The final ‹v› is often lost in the north in one-syllable words,
hence gof > go.
:_______________________________.
ffowlsyn <FOUL-sin> [ˡfɔʊlsɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL ffowls <FOULS> [fɔʊls]
South-west Wales
1 hen;
2 (as meat) chicken;
see ffowlyn
ETYMOLOGY: (ffowls
= chickens, poultry) + (singulative suffix –yn). Welsh ffowls <
English fowls = poultry); (fowl <
Old English fogel. Cf German der Vogel (= bird)
:_______________________________.
ffowlyn <FOU-lin> [ˡfɔʊlɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL ffowls <FOULS> [fɔʊls]
1 hen
2 chicken (one plucked ready
for cooking in the oven, or one cooked)
3 ffowls hens
dihuno 'run pryd â'r ffowls
wake up at cock
crow, wake up at the same time as the chickens / hens (i.e. very early, at
dawn)
ETYMOLOGY: (ffowl < English fowl = hen) + (-yn), Old
English fugol = bird, as modern
German der Vogel <FO-gəl> [ˡfɔgəl] = bird
NOTE: also: South-west Wales ffowlsyn <FOUL-sin> [ˡfɔʊlsɪn] (qv) (English fowls plural form, = hens) + (-yn)
:_______________________________.
ffowndri <FOUN-dri> [ˡfɔʊndrɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL ffowndrïau,
ffowndris <foun-DRII-ai, -e, FOUN-dris> [fɔʊnˡdrɪˑaɪ, -ˡdrɪˑɛ,
ˡ fɔʊndrɪs]
1 foundry = place for melting
metal (especially iron) or glass and shaping it in moulds
ETYMOLOGY: English foundry < French fonderie (= foundry) < fondre (= to melt) < Latin fundere, fûsum (= to pour)
:_______________________________.
Ffr.
1 abbreviation = Ffrangeg
:_______________________________.
ffradach <FRAA-dakh> [ˡfrɑˑdax] (m) (sometimes f)
South Wales
1 collapsed heap
(adv) yn
ffradach in a collapsed heap, in a heap
cwympo yn ffradach (cwmpo’n ffradach)
fall in a heap
2 smithereens, bits
(adv) yn
ffradach in smithereens, in bits, in fragments
3 mess,
topsy-turviness, confusion, disorder, shambles
mynd yn ffradach end up a mess
mae pethau wedi
mynd yn ffradach yn y ty^’ma this house has got really untidy
4 failure,
shambles, disaster
mynd yn ffradach end in failure, hit
the rocks (figuratively), go aground (figuratively)
mae’r
cynllun wedi mynd yn ffradach the
plan ended in failure
sut
na sylweddolodd neb y fath ffradach
oedd y cwbl? how was it that
nobody realised that it was all a complete shambles?
doeddwn
i ddim wedi gweld y llwybr bach ar y dde ac aeth y daith gerdded yn ffradach
a dyna ni ar goll I hadn’t seen the
little path on the right and the hike turned out a disaster and we were lost
mae
fy neiet newydd wedi mynd yn ffradach
yn barod my new diet has
already
fe
fydd e'n ffradach llwyr,
weithith e ddim it’ll be a complete disaster,
it won’t work
wrth
gwrs, aeth ei gylchgrawn newydd yn ffradach, yr
un peth a’r un oedd ganddo cyn hynny
of
course his new magazine was a failure, like the one he had before
nid dyma'r ffradach
cyntaf y dyfeisiwr hwnnw this wasn’t the inventor’s first failure
fe a’th ’i ail
briodas yn ffradach hefyd his second marriage ended in falure too
ETYMOLOGY:
Onomatopaeia – the sound of falling in a heap
South-east: also ffladracs
<FLA-draks> [ˡfladraks]
:_______________________________.
ffrae <FRAI> [fraɪ] feminine noun
PLURAL ffraeau, ffraeon
‹FREI-ai, e, FREI-on › [ˡfrəɪaɪ, -ɛ, ˡfrəɪɔn]
1 quarrel, dispute,
row; brawl to-do, scuffle = confused fight, dust-up
dod yn ffrae ‘become
an argument’, an argument breaking out, come to a fight
Rwy’n ofni, pan
ddaw hi yn ffrae - fel mae hi’n siwr o ddod - y bydd gofyn ichi fynd rhyngddyn
nhw a’u cadw rhag eu lladd ei gilydd
I’m afraid if a
fight breaks out / if it comes to a fight – which is bound to happen – you’ll
be needed to go between them and stop them from killing each other
bu ffrae a quarrel broke out
aeth yn ffrae a quarrel broke out
dyna hi’n ffrae a quarrel broke out
ffrae benben a violent quarrel
aeth hi’n ffrae
benben a violent quarrel broke out
codi ffrae â rhywun
pick
an argument with somebody
cododd coblyn o
ffrae (North Wales) a tremensous quarrel occurred
ETYMOLOGY: ffrae
< Middle
English fray (= dispute), an aphetic form of affray. Modern
English has both fray and affray. Middle English affray <
Old French effrei < esfrei, < (verb) esfreier (= to
disturb). From a Latin verb based on a Germanic element (ex, + frit-,
from + peace; cf German der Frieden = peace).
Modern French has effrayer
(= to frighten); from Middle English affray there is modern English afraid
(= frightened), which is (affrai + ed)
:_______________________________.
ffraellyd <FREI-lhid> [ˡfrəɪɬɪd]
1 quarrelsome, argumentative
ETYMOLOGY: (ffrae = quarrel) + (-llyd adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
ffraeo <FREI-o> [ˡfrəɪɔ]
1 to argue, to row, to have a
dispute
2 ffraeo fel dau gudyll have a violent row (“dispute like two hawks”
– hawks will fight fiercely to defend territory from others of the same
species)
:_______________________________.
Ffraid <FRAID> [fraɪd] feminine
noun
1 woman's name = Brigit
ETYMOLOGY: Ffraid, from the place name Llansanffráid “(the) church (of) saint
Bríd”;
from llan sant
Fraid > *Llan-sannh-fráid ‹sanh-vráid› > *Llan-san-ffráid
(llan = church) + (sant = saint) + (Braid =
Welsh form of the name of the Irish female saint Bríd)
:_______________________________.
Ffrainc <FRAINGK> [fraɪŋk]
1 France
ETYMOLOGY: (‘territory of the’) Franks; Ffrainc is the plural form of Ffranc
(= a Frank)
An Englishism in colloquial Welsh is Ffrans
(< English France)
:_______________________________.
ffrâm, fframiau <FRAAM, FRAM-yai, -e> [ˡfrɑːm, ˡframjaɪ,
-jɛ] (f)
1 frame
2 ffrâm bictiwr plural fframiau
pictiwr picture frame
ffrâm ddringo plural fframiau dringo climbing frame
ffrâm gyfeirio plural fframiau cyfeirio frame of reference
ffrâm wely plural fframiau gwely bedframe
llif ffrâm (f) plural llifiau pictiwr frame saw
:_______________________________.
fframwaith, fframweithiau ‹FRAM-waith, fram-WEITH-yai, -ye› [ˡframwaɪθ, framˡwəɪθjaɪ,
-jɛ] (m)
1 framework (= physical structure)
2 framework (= structure of a written text)
2 framework (= fundamental legal structure)
rhoi fframwaith statudol i give a statutory framework to
ETYMOLOGY: a calque on English
framework:: (ffram- < ffrâm =
frame) + soft mutation + (gwaith = work)
Generally final ai > e
(and ai > e > a in north-western, and traditional south-eastern
Welsh. But as this is a literary word, it maintains the literary pronunciation ai)
:_______________________________.
Ffranc, Ffrancon ‹FRANGK, FRANGK-on› [fraŋk, fraŋkɔn]
(m)
1 (obsolete) Frenchman, Norman-Frenchman
It seems
to be the meaning of the element ffranc in the village name Coed-ffranc in Castell-nedd / Neath (coed y ffranc – [the] wood
[of] the Norman). There is also a wood called Coed Ffranc north-east
of Pen-y-lan, Caer-dydd / Cardiff.
:_______________________________.
ffranc, ffranciau <FRANGK, FRANGK-yai, e> [fraŋk, ˡfraŋkjaɪ, -jɛ] (m)
(also f)
1 franc (monetary unit)
2 franc (coin worth one franc)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English <
French, from the Latin inscription on the coin Rex Francôrum (= king of
the Franks) in the 1300s
:_______________________________.
Ffrances, Ffrancesau <FRANG-kes, frang-KE-sai, -se> [ˡfraŋkɛs, fraŋˡkɛsaɪ,
-sɛ] (f)
1 Frenchwoman
:_______________________________.
Ffrancwr, Ffrancwyr <FRANG-kur, FRANGK-wir> [ˡfraŋkʊr, ˡfraŋkwɪr] (m)
1 Frenchman
:_______________________________.
y Ffrancwyr <FRANGK-wir> [ˡfraŋkwɪr]
1 French people
See Ffrancwr
:_______________________________.
Ffrangeg <FRA-ngeg> [ˡfraŋɛg]
1 French language
2
abbreviation (in a dictionary entry) Ffr.
:_______________________________.
Ffransis <FRAN-sis> [ˡfransɪs] (m)
1 Francis
:_______________________________.
ffraw <FRAU> [fraʊ] adjective
1 (obsolete) brisk, lively. See the following entry for its use as a
river name.
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ffraw < ffrawf < British *frâmâ <
Celtic *srô-m- .
The corresponding Irish word is sreabh (noun) stream, flow; (verb) to
flow
Ffraw is
related to the Welsh word ffrwd (= torrent, swift stream)
:_______________________________.
Ffraw <FRAU> [fraʊ] feminine noun
WALES
1 Afon Ffraw SH 3669 river in Ynys Môn (North Wales)
Aberffraw (i.e. “Abérffraw”), (colloquially Y Berffro) a village at the mouth of the river Ffraw
There are also rivers in England
called “Frome” (the English name has preserved the “m” in the British or early
Welsh name *Frâmâ )
ENGLAND (SOMERSET)
2 Afon Ffraw ST 7960 Frome <fruum> [fruːm], a river in the county of Somerset, England;
it rises 10km to the south of the town Frome, passing through this town, and
flowing into the river Avon at Bradford-on-Avon
ENGLAND (HEREFORDSHIRE)
3 Afon Ffraw SO 5638 Frome, a river in the county of
Hereford, England; it rises 10km to the north of the town Bromyard, passing
through this town and flowing into the river Lugg (“Llugwy” in Welsh) 5km east
of Hereford
ENGLAND (DORSET)
4 Afon Ffraw SY 9487 Frome, a river in the county of Dorset,
England; it rises at Evershot and flows through Dorchester and Wareham and
flows into the sea at Wareham Harbour
(delwedd 7555)
ETYMOLOGY: See the previous entry ffraw (adjective)
:_______________________________.
Ffrèd <FRED> [frɛd]
1
Fred (apocopetic form of Frederick)
:_______________________________.
Ffrengig <FRE-ngig> [ˡfrɛŋɪg] adjective
1 French = relating to France or the inhabitants of the French state (but
not the language, which is Ffrangeg)
2 Y Chwyldro Ffrengig The
French Revolution
3 bara Ffrengig French loaf,
French bread, baguette
cneuen Ffrengig (“French nut”) walnut
----
English “walnut” has a similar
sense: “foreign nut” (wal- foreign, as in Wales, the foreign people, the
people not like us; and the adjective Welsh). Cf Dorset dialect (south-western
England): welshnut = walnut http://home.clara.net/anvil/DORSET.pdf
----
DIALECTAL AND ARCHAIC WORDS AND PHRASES USED IN THE WEST OF SOMERSET AND EAST DEVON. / FREDERICK THOMAS ELWORTHY (1930-1907) / 1886.FRENCH NUT... Walnut. (Always.)
----
collen Ffrengig (“French hazel-tree / nut-tree”) walnut tree
corn Ffrengig French
horn
crwst Ffrengig French pastry, cake filled aith cream
cusan Ffrengig (American: soul kiss) (Englandic: French kiss)
cwyr Ffrengig French
polish (shellac dissolved in alcohol)
cwyrydd Ffrengig French polisher, person who treats furniture with French polish
ffenestr Ffrengig (American: French door) (Englandic: French window)
ffeuen Ffrengig French bean, green bean
DIALECTAL AND ARCHAIC WORDS AND PHRASES USED IN THE WEST OF SOMERSET AND EAST DEVON. / FREDERICK THOMAS ELWORTHY (1930-1907) / 1886.FRENCH BEANS... Applied by cottagers to the dwarf varieties only. The climbing runners are always kidney-beans, from the colour and chape of the seed.
----
ffranc Ffrengig French franc
helygen Ffrengig
(Salix triandra) almond willow See: helygen
trigwryw
llygoden Ffrengig (“French mouse”) rat (in some dialects, this has been adapted to become llygoden ffyrnig “fierce mouse”)
mwstard Ffrengig French mustard, mustard paste made with vinegar
sialc Ffrengig French chalk, a kind of talc used for temporarily marking cloth in
tailoring
ETYMOLOGY: (Ffranc = Frenchman, Frank) + (-ig
suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Ffrengigo <FRE-ngig> [ˡfrɛŋɪg] verb
1 Frenchify
ETYMOLOGY: (Ffrengig = French) + (-o suffix
for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
frensh <FRENSH> [ˡfrɛnʃ] (m?)
1 (southern dialect)
fringe
The Treatment of English Borrowed Words in Colloquial Welsh / Thomas Powel / Y Cymmrodor Vol. VI 1883. / p132 The following paper is an attempt to give a general account of the use and treatment of English words in the colloquial Welsh of the present day. Most of the statements here made are applicable to the whole of Welsh-speaking Wales; but the paper treats more particularly of the dialect spoken, with slight variations, in the Counties of Brecon, Caermarthen, and the greater part of Cardigan. (b.) G fìnal after n becomes sh: mansh (mange), plwnsh (plunge), ffrensh, (fringe, fr. M.E. ' frange'), spwnsh (O.E. spunge); challenge becomes shalens, by dissimilation.
ETYMOLOGY: frenge, a variant of
fringe.
Middle English frenge < Old French < Vulgar Latin *frimbia (= fringe, edge, border) < Late
Latin fimbriae (= threads, fringe) < *frimbia
----
http://www.archive.org/stream/churchwardensacc00hobhrich/churchwardensacc00hobhrich_djvu.txt
Church-wardens' accounts of
Croscombe, Pilton, Patton, Tintinhull, Morebath, and St. Michael's, Bath,
ranging from A.D. 1349 to 1560 Bishop Edmund, Hobhouse
(1817-1904) p.103
[paid] for frenge [fringe] to
the curtens xijd
(paid for a fringe to the
curtains 12 pence)
---
Freng for a bedde or horse harnesse —frengei.e. freng (in English) = frenge (in French)L'ÉCLAIRCISSEMENT DE LA LANGUE FRANÇAISE /JEAN PALSGRAVE / London / 1530
---
:_______________________________.
ffrès <FRESH> [frɛs] (adj)
1 fresh The Treatment of English Borrowed Words in Colloquial Welsh /
Thomas Powel / Y Cymmrodor Vol. VI 1883. / p133
The following paper is an attempt to give a general account of the use and treatment of English words in the colloquial Welsh of the present day. Most of the statements here made are applicable to the whole of Welsh-speaking Wales; but the paper treats more particularly of the dialect spoken, with slight variations, in the Counties of Brecon, Caermarthen, and the greater part of Cardigan. Curiously, sh final, even when preceded by e or i, often becomes s: Marnes (varnish), twndis (tundish), ffres (fresh); sh is also heard in such words.
:_______________________________.
ffresh <FRESH> [frɛʃ] (adj)
1 fresh
:_______________________________.
ffresni <FRES-ni> [ˡfrɛsnɪ] (m)
1 freshness
:_______________________________.
ffreutur <FREI-tir> [ˡfrəɪtɪr] masculine noun
PLURAL ffreuturiau <frei-TIR-yai,
-ye> [frəɪˡtɪrjaɪ,
-jɛ]
1 refectory = common dining room in a monastery
2 refectory = common dining room in a university (USA: commons)
ETYMOLOGY: via Middle English freitur < French fraitur, refreitor (if not directly
from French into Welsh)
:_______________________________.
ffrewyll <FREU-ilh> [ˡfrɛʊɪɬ] feminine noun
PLURAL ffrewyllau <freu-Ə-lhai,
e> [frɛʊˡəɬaɪ,
-ɬɛ]
1 whip
Brenhinoedd-1 12:11 Ac yn awr fy nhad a'ch llwythodd â iau
drom, a minnau a chwanegaf ar eich iau chwi; fy nhad a'ch cosbodd chwi â
ffrewyllau, a mi a'ch cosbaf chwi ag ysgorpionau
Kings-1 12:11 And now whereas my
father did lade you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke: my father hath
chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions
Diarhebion 26:3 Ffrewyll i farch, ffrwyn i asyn, a gwialen i gefn yr ynfyd.
Proverbs 26:3 A whip for the horse,
a bridle for the ass, and a rod for the fool's back.
ETYMOLOGY: possibly from Irish;
modern Irish has sraoill (= tear
apart; straggle; (formerly) flagellate)
:_______________________________.
ffri <FRII> [friː] adjective
1 free = unimpeded, unrestricted
y dŵr sy'n ffrydio mor ffri drwy'n tapiau
the water which flows so freely
through our taps
ETYMOLOGY: English free < Old English < Germanic; cf
German frei (= free)
:_______________________________.
ffridd <FRIIDH> [friːð] feminine noun
PLURAL friddoedd <FRII-dhoidh,
-dhodh> [ˡfriˑðɔɪð,
-ðɔð]
North Wales
1 wood, frith (= wooded land)
2 hill pasture; pasture land extending up to the wall separating a farm
from the mountain land. In this enclosed land the sheep graze after being
brought down from the hilltops for winter; also where cattle are grazed for
part of the year; sheepwalk (= pasture for sheep)
3 Common in place names.
In the north-east ffrith, with th <th> [θ] instead of dd <dh> [ð] in the counties of Y Fflint,
Dinbych, and Conwy as far as Llanfair Fechan
(1) Bwlch-y-ffridd SO0695
locality in Powys 6km north-west of Y Drenewydd
(2) Y Ffrith SJ2855 hamlet 7km
north-west of Wrecsam between Brymbo and Llanfynydd
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < Middle English
frith (= wood) < Old English ge-fyrhthe. It occurs in English place
names (e.g. Chapel-en-le-Frith, Derbyshire)
SUPPLEMENT TO THE FIRST EDITION OF AN ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE / REV. WALTER W. SKEAT, M.A. / 1884
♦FRITH, an enclosure»
forest, wood. (E.) It occurs as a place-
name in Chapel-le-Frith,
Derbyshire, and is common in Kent in the
names of woods ; but is
obsolescent. Drayton has: * Both in the tufty
frith and in the mossy fell,'
Polyolbion, song 17. .... also in
the sense of enclosed land,
enclosure, park for hunting, forest, wood thus in Layamon, 1432, where the
older MS. speaks of hunting in
the king's frith...,
the later MS. speaks of hunting in the king^s
park.... Borrowed forms are W[elsh]. ffridd,
park, forest; Irish frith, a wild m ountainous place; Gael[ic]. frith,
a forest for deer.
:_______________________________.
ffrind, ffrindiau <FRIND,
FRIND-yai, -ye> [ˡfrɪnd, ˡfrɪndjaɪ, -jɛ] (m)
1 friend
ETYMOLOGY: English frind [frind],
a variant of friend [frend] :_______________________________.
ffrio <FRII-o> [ˡfriˑɔ] (v)
1 to fry
wedi’i ffrïo fried (after singular
noun m, f) (‘after its frying’)
wedi’u ffrïo fried (after plural
noun) (‘after their frying’)
tatws wedi’u ffrïo fried potatoes
winwns wedi’u ffrïo
fried
onions (South)
nionod wedi’u ffrïo
fried
onions (South)
cyw
iâr
wedi'i ffrio fried chicken
bwyd
wedi'i
ffrio fried
food
padell ffrïo (f) frying pan
:_______________________________.
Frisaidd <FRI-saidh, -sedh> [ˡfrɪsaɪð, -sɛð] adjective
1 Frisian
ETYMOLOGY: (Ffris-, stem of Ffrisia) + (-aidd
adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
Ffriseg <FRI-seg> [ˡfrɪsɛg] feminine noun
1 Frisian = the language of Frisia
2 (adj) Frisian = relating to the Frisian language
ETYMOLOGY: (Ffris-, stem of Ffrisia) + (-eg
suffix for forming a noun or adjective indicating a language or dialect)
:_______________________________.
Ffrisia <FRIS-ya> [ˡfrɪsja] feminine noun
1 Frisia
Ynysoedd Frisia the Frisian islands
:_______________________________.
Ffrisiad <FRIS-yad> [ˡfrɪsjad] masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL Ffrisiaid <FRIS-yaid,
-yed> [ˡfrɪsjaɪd,
-jɛd]
1 Frisian
ETYMOLOGY: (Ffris-, stem of Ffrisia) + (-i-ad
noun-forming suffix, indicating an inhabitant of a place)
:_______________________________.
1 ffrit <FRIT> [frɪt] adjective
South Wales
1 worthless
Un ffrit yw e He's
useless ("(a) useless one is he")
2 insignificant, petty
ETYMOLOGY: English frit (= frightened)
:_______________________________.
2a ffrit <FRIT> [frɪt] masculine noun
PLURAL ffritiau <FRIT-yai,
-ye> [ˡfrɪtjaɪ,
-jɛ]
1 a sudden leap, sudden start
2 adverb quickly, suddenly
3 exclamation in a narration (indicates
a sudden movement) whoosh!
ETYMOLOGY: Probably from English frit (= frightened)
:_______________________________.
2b ffrit <FRIT> [frɪt] masculine noun
PLURAL ffritiau <FRIT-yai,
-ye> [ˡfrɪtjaɪ,
-jɛ]
South Wales
1 worthless person, good for nothing
hen ffrit o beth = a useless lump ("old + useless person + of + (a) thing")
See also ffriten
2 trivial thing, insignificant thing, worthless thing
ETYMOLOGY: from ffrit (= worthless), probably from English frit (= frightened)
:_______________________________.
ffriten <FRI-ten> [ˡfrɪtɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL ffritennod <fri-TE-nod> [frɪˡtɛnɔd]
1 a good-for-nothing, a worthless woman
ETYMOLOGY: (ffrit adjective =
useless) + (-en, suffix for forming nouns
denoting a female)
NOTE: in the North-west ffritan (since it is an area where a
final e becomes a)
:_______________________________.
ffriter <FRI-ter> [ˡfrɪtɛr] masculine noun
PLURAL ffriterau <fri-TE-rai,
-re> [frɪˡtɛraɪ,
-rɛ]
1 fritter = slice of a fruit (such as an apple) or other ingredient,
covered in a batter (milk, egg and flour mixture) and fried
ffriter afal <AA-val> [ˡɑˑval] apple
fritter
ETYMOLOGY: English fritter < Old French friture < frire (= to fry) < Latin frîgere,
frîctum (= to fry)
NOTE: ffriter can also be a feminine noun; in the South-east, it is ffritwn, plural ffritwns (feminine noun)
:_______________________________.
ffrith <FRIITH> [friː θ] feminine noun
1 hill pasture; see ffridd
:_______________________________.
ffrochwyllt ‹frokh
-wilht› adjective
1 furious, fierce, wild, broiling
sŵn y rhaeadr ffrochwyllt the sound of the broiling waterfall
ETYMOLOGY: ffrochwyllt < ffrychwyllt
< rhychwyllt < rhywyllt (= furious)
(rhy- prefix = very, greatly, extremely; the same as the adverb rhy = too, overly) + soft mutation + (gwyllt = furious).
The ‘ch’ is not easy to explain; it
may be due to the influence of words such as chwyrnu (= to snarl), chwyl
(= turn, rotation)
:_______________________________.
ffroen, ffroenau ‹FROIN, FROI ne›
1 nostril
2 muzzle
of a firearm
yn ffroen gwn at gunpoint (“in (the) nose (of) (a) gone”)
yn ffroen dryll at gunpoint (“in (the) nose (of) (a ) gun”)
:_______________________________.
ffroenuchel ‹ffroin- î -khel› adjective
1
haughty, snooty, arrogant
Cymry Cymraeg sydd yn rhy falch a ffroenuchel i arfer eu mamiaith
Welsh-speakers too snooty and haughty to
use their mother tongue
Mae hi’n ddigon ffroenuchel wrthyf fi
She’s quite snooty with me / towards me
2
also uchel eich ffroen,
supercilious, snooty, toffee-nosed (“high your nostril”)
ETYMOLOGY: (ffroen = nostril) + (uchel
= high)
:_______________________________.
ffròg, frogiau ‹FROG, FROG ye›
1 frock
ffròg haf summer frock
ffròg briodas wedding frock
ETYMOLOGY: English frock - with the usual change of [k] > [g] seen in many borrwings from English:
plastic > plastig,
mint cake > minceg
ETYMOLOGY: English frock / Middle English frock (= cleric’s robe, monk’s habit)
< Old French froc < Medieval Latin froccus < Germanic hrok.
Cf German der Rock (= skirt),
(Swiss German = jacket).
Modern
French le froc (= monk’s gown)
:_______________________________.
ffroisen, ffrois ‹FROI sen, FROIS› feminine noun
1 pancake
:_______________________________.
ffrwd, ffrydiau ‹FRUUD, FRƏD
ye› feminine
noun
1 stream; mountainside stream
2 ffrwd fâl millstream, millrace (see mâl)
Ffrwd-fâl mansion in the parish of Cynwyl Gaeo (county of Caerfyrddin)
3 ffrwd felin millstream, millrace
ffrwd y felin the millstream, the millrace
siarad fel ffrwd y
felin talk non-stop, talk incessantly, prattle on
(“talk like the millstream”)
ffrwd bistyll shoot
of a waterfall
ffrwd y pistyll the
shoot of a waterfall
rhedeg o’r glaw dan ffrwd y pistyll (“run [out of] the rain [and go] under [the] shoot [of] the waterfall”)
jump out of the frying pan into the fire
4 melinffrwd (literary compound word) millstream, millrace
(melin = mill) + (ffrwd = stream)
Y Felinffrwd street name in Caerffili (misspelt as if two words – “ Y Felin Ffrwd ”)
5 Aber-ffrwd a street name in Tredegar (county of Blaenau
Gwent) (locally it is spelt incorrectly without the hyphen “ Aberffrwd ”).
From aber y ffrwd (“(the)
confluence (of) the stream” - probably referring to a stream flowing into the
river Sirhywi)
6 Min-ffrwd ‹ miin fruud› house name
This is
“streamside”; min y ffrwd (“(the)
side (of) the river”) > min ffrwd with loss of the linking definite
article
Heol Min-ffrwd (“Minffrwd Road”),
a street in Pen-coed (Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
7 caletffrwd ‹ka-LET-frud› [kaˡlɛtfrʊd] (f)
hillside stream with a forceful flow of water
“hard torrent” (caled = hard) + (ffrwd = torrent, hillside stream) > caled-ffrwd >
caletffrwd (d-ff > t-ff)
Caletffwrdd (“Caledffwrdd”)
stream flowing through Clwt-y-bont and Brynrefail into Afon Rhythallt
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/121293 map
See Ffrwdgaled below
:_______________________________.
Ffrwdgaled ‹fruud- ga
-led›
1 street name in Tregarth, Bangor (county of Gwynedd) (spelt as “Ffrwd
Galed”)
ETYMOLOGY: (ffrwd = hillside stream) + soft mutation + (caled
= hard; strong, swift-flowing)
NOTE: See Caletffrwd above
:_______________________________.
Ffrwd-grech ‹fruud- greekh ›
1 stream with churning water
There is a road
called “Ffrwdgrech Road” (which in Welsh would be Heol Ffrwd-grech) in Aberhonddu (county of Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: (ffrwd = hillside stream) + soft
mutaiton + (crech, feminine form of crych = curly; rippling; rough)
:_______________________________.
ffrwt, ffrytiau ‹FRUUT, FRƏT
ye› masculine
noun
1 go = energy, iniciative,
impetus (in a person)
(North Wales) Does dim ffrwt ynddo He’s got no go in him,
There’s no go in him
:_______________________________.
ffrwydrad, ffrydradau ‹FEUI-drad, frui-DRAA-dai, de› masculine noun
1 explosion
2 ffrwydrad o dymer fit of temper
:_______________________________.
ffrwydron ‹frui-dron› plural
1 explosives; plural form of ffrwydryn
:_______________________________.
ffrwyn, ffrwynau ‹FRUIN, FRUI ne›
1 bridle
carrai ffrwyn / careiau ffrwyn (“thong (of) bridle”) rein
llinyn ffrwyn / llinynnau ffrwyn (“line (of) bridle”) rein
:_______________________________.
ffrwyno ‹frui -no› verb
1 (verb with an object) bridle = put a bridle on
2 bridle = curb, restrict, restrain, check
Does dim ffrwyno arno fe There’s no holding him back (“there’s no bridling on him”)
Mae rhaid i'r wasg ffrwyno ei hun weithiau Sometimes the press must restrain itself
Mae’n gwbl amhosibl ffrwyno Seisnictod greddfol y Blaid Lafur yng
Nghymru
It’s altogether impossible to curb
the instinctive Englishness of the Labour Party in Wales
3 harness = exploit the power of
4 stop (someone), prevent (someone from achieving aims)
Gwyddom fod rhaid ffrwyno Siôn Gwilym We know we must stop Siôn Gwilym
ETYMOLOGY: (ffrwyn = bridle) + (-o
suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
ffrwyth, ffrwythau ‹FRUITH, FRUI the›
1 fruit
2 ffrwythau siwgwr
crystallized fruit
(siwgwr < siwgr “sugared”,
stem – used with a past participle meaning - of the verb siwgro = to
sugar)
3 byw ar ffrwyth lladrad live off the proceeds of theft (“live
on stolen fruit”)
:_______________________________.
ffrwythysol ‹fruith- ə -sol›
adjective
1 frugivorous, fruit-eating
ETYMOLOGY: (ffrwyth = fruit) + (-ysol
= -eating);
(ys- stem of ysu =
consume) + (-ol suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
ffrwythysor ‹fruith- ə -sor›
masculine noun
PLURAL ffrwythysorion ‹fruith- ə-sor-yon›
1 frugivore, fruit-eater
ETYMOLOGY: (ffrwyth = fruit) + (-ysor
= -eater, animal which eats);
(ys- stem of ysu =
consume) + (-or suffix for indicating
a an agent; from Latin -ârius, in
words taken from Latin (canghellor
(= chancellor) < cancellârius;
afterwards used as a suffix with native words – telynor = harpist, from telyn
= harp)
:_______________________________.
ffrydan ‹frə -dan› feminine
noun
1 small stream
Ffrydan name
of a stream by Y Bala
Ffordd Ffrydan
name of a road in Y Bala
ETYMOLOGY: (ffryd- penult form of ffrwd
= torrent) + (-an diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
ffrydiau ‹frəd -ye›
1 plural form of ffrwd (=
rapid stream, torrent)
:_______________________________.
Ffrydlas ‹frəd -las›
1 Afon Ffrydlas SH6367 river
in the district of Arfon (county of Gwynedd)
Glanffrydlas (spelt as “Glan Ffrydlas”) street in
Betheda (Gwynedd)
= glan Ffrydlas “(the) bank
(of) (Afon) Ffrydlas”
ETYMOLOGY: “blue torrent, torrent +
blue”
(ffryd-, penult form of ffrwd
= swift stream, torrent) + soft mutation + (glas = blue)
If not this, otherwise
“torrent stream”
(ffryd-, penult form of ffrwd
= swift stream, torrent) + soft mutation + (glas = stream)
:_______________________________.
ffuantus ‹fi-AN-tis› (adj)
1 sham, insincere,
deceitful, disingenuous, feigning
ETYMOLOGY: (ffuant
= feigning) + (-us adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
ffug ‹FIIG› adjective
1 false, bogus
mynd o dan enw ffug
go under an assumed name, use
a false name
Gofalwch rhag masnachwyr ffug Beware of
bogus traders
y peth ffug hwnnw a elwir yn
wareiddiad that
false condition (“thing”) which is called civilisation
rhyfel ffug phoney war
2 counterfeit = not genuine, copied with the object of deceiving
arian ffug
counterfeit money
pasio arian ffug pass counterfeit money
3 ffug-gerfwedd (Art) false
relief
4 (jewellery) fake, artificial
perlau ffug fake pearls
:_______________________________.
ffug- ‹FIIG›
prefix
1 pseudo-
ffug-barchus pseudo-respectable,
flalsely presenting an image of respectability
ffug-ddeallusol
pseudo-intellectual
ffug-barchusrwydd false
respectability, hypocrisy
ffug-ddiniweidrwydd
false
innocence
ffug-dduwiol sanctimonious
ffug-Faróc pseudo-Baroque
ffug-fonheddig pseudo-aristocratic
ffug-ganoloesol pseudo-medieval
ffug-Geltaidd pseudo-Celtic
ffug-glasurol pseudo-classical
ffug-Gymreig pseudo-Welsh
ffug-hynafol pseudo-antique
ffug-Othig pseudo-Gothic
ffug-uchelwrol pseudo-aristocratic
ffug-wyddonol pseudo-scientific
:_______________________________.
ffugarholiad ‹fiig-ar-HOL-yad› masculine
noun
PLURAL
ffugarholiadau
‹fiig-ar-hol-YAA-dai, de›
1 mock examination
ETYMOLOGY: (ffug- = false) + (arholiad =
examination)
:_______________________________.
ffugbeth ‹FIG-beth› masculine
noun
PLURAL ffugbethau ‹fig-BEE-thai, the›
1 sham, fake
ETYMOLOGY: (ffug- = false) + soft mutation + (peth = thing)
:_______________________________.
ffugio ‹FIG-yo› v
1
pretend
Yr oedd y dynion yn ffugio gweithio’n galed The men were pretending to work hard
ETYMOLOGY: (ffug = false) + (-io verb suffix)
:_______________________________.
ffuglen ‹fig
-len› feminine noun
1
fiction
ffuglen wyddonol science
fiction
ETYMOLOGY: (ffug = false) + soft mutation + ( llên = literature)
:_______________________________.
ffugliw ‹fig
-liu› (m)
1
camouflage
ETYMOLOGY: (ffug = false) + soft mutation + ( lliw = colour)
_______________________________.
ffugliwio ‹fig-LIU-jo› (v)
1
camouflage
ETYMOLOGY: (ffugliw = camouflage) + (-io
= verb ending)
:_______________________________.
ffugwisg
‹fig
-wisk› feminine noun
PLURAL ffugwisgoedd ‹fig- wi
-skodh›
1 disguise
mewn ffugwisg in
disguise
ETYMOLOGY:
(ffug = false) + soft mutation + ( gwisg = dress, wear)
:_______________________________.
ffunan bocad (Môn) = ffunen boced ‹FII nen BO
cad›
1 handkerchief
:_______________________________.
ffureta ‹fi RE ta›
1 hunt with ferrets
:_______________________________.
ffurf, ffurfiau ‹FIRV, FIRV ye›
1 form
:_______________________________.
ffurfafen ‹fir VA ven›
1 firmament
2 yn entrych y ffurfafen high in the
firmament
:_______________________________.
ffurfdro
1 Abbreviation:
ffdro.
:_______________________________.
ffurfiad ‹firv -yad› masculine
noun
PLURAL ffurfiadau ‹firv-
yâ -de›
1 formation, shaping; = result of giving a particular form to something
Abbreviation:
ffd.
ETYMOLOGY: (ffurf- stem of ffurfio =
to form) + (-i-ad abstract
noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
ffurfio ‹FIRV-yo›
1 to form
2 anffurfio disfigure, deform,
distort, twist out of shape
(an- = negative prefix) + (ffurfio
= to form)
:_______________________________.
ffurflywodraeth ‹firv-lø-WO-draith,
eth› (f)
PLURAL ffurflywodraethau ‹firv-lø-wo-DREI-thai,
e›
1 (literary word) constitution
ETYMOLOGY:
(ffurf = form) + soft mutation + (llywodraeth = government)
:_______________________________.
ffust, ffustiau ‹FIST, FIST ye›
1 flail
:_______________________________.
ffŵl ‹fuul› masculine noun
PLURAL ffyliaid ‹fəl-yed›
1 fool = stupid person, person lacking common sense; person who acts
foolishly, who resembles a fool
Dwi'n meddwl mai ffyliaid ydi'r bobol sy'n gwneud hynny
I think that the people who do that
are fools .
Beth yw casino yn y bôn? Lle gall unrhyw ffŵl ennill
arian ffyliaid eraill - a'u colli, os myn
What is a casino when it comes down
to it? A place where any fool can win the money of other fools – and lose it,
if he wants
2 yr hen ffŵl o fenyw 'na
that stupid old woman (“the old fool of woman there”)
yr hen ffŵl ganddo! the fool! (man) (“the old fool with him”)
yr hen ffŵl iddo! the fool! (man) (“the old fool to him”)
3 dupe, someone made to appear stupid
gwneud ffŵl o make a fool of
gwneud ffŵl ohonoch eich hun make a fool of oneself
4 paradwys ffŵl fool’s
paradise = an imagined place of happiness and comfort which does not and will
not ever exist
5 bod yn ormod o ffŵl (i
wneud peth) not have enough sense (to do something) (“be too much of a fool
to do something”)
6 ffair ffyliaid madhouse,
place full of mad people (“fair (of) fools”)
Mae’r ty ’ma'n debycach i ffair ffyliaid bob dydd
This house gets more like a madhouse
every day
7 fool = jester, person paid to amuse by acting the fool
chwarae’r ffŵl or chwarae’r bili-ffŵl
act the fool, deliberately behave in a foolish manner
8 y ffŵl peth the blasted
thing
Ble rw i wedi gadel y ffŵl peth? where did I leave the blasted thing?
9 magl ffŵl booby trap (“trap (of) fool”, fool’s trap) =
(1) explosive trap (2) trap which is a practical joke
gosod magl ffŵl set a booby trap, to booby-trap
Roedd maglau ffŵl ym mhencadlys y gelyn There were booby traps in the
headquarters of the enemy
ETYMOLOGY: English fool < French < Late Latin follis (= empty-headed person) < follis (= bellows).
The word follis is related to Latin flâre
(flo, flare,
flavi, flatum) (= to blow)
(as in English inflate,
ultimately of Latin origin)
:_______________________________.
ffŵl Ebrill, ffyliaid Ebrill ‹fuul
E brilh, fəl yed E brilh›
1 April fool
:_______________________________.
ffwlbart, ffwlbartiaid ‹FUL
bart, ful BART yaid, yed›
1 polecat = large relative of the weasel, which gives off a stink to ward
off enemies; (in dialect English in England as foumart, foulmart)
wedi llyncu
ffwlbart â'i din i fyny (said of somebody with bad breath) “(has) swallowed a
polecat with its arse (in the) up (position)”
1 (as a term of
disrespect) stinker
diodde dan law rhyw
ffwlbart fel ti suffer at the hands of a stinker such as yourself
ETYMOLOGY: ffwlbart
< ffwelmart < Middle English fulmard < Old English “fuul” (= foul, stinking) + “merth” (= marten)
NOTE: In the English dialect of Llanidloes: FOOLBART, a polecat. The Welsh
word is Ffwlbart. (Parochial Account of Llanidloes / Edward Hamer / Chapter X /
Folk-lore. Page 289 Collections Historical and Archeological Relating to
Montgomeryshire and its Borders / 1877)
:_______________________________.
ffwr / ffyr, ffyrau ‹FUR / fƏR, FƏ re›
1 fur
:_______________________________.
ffwrch ‹ furkh › masculine
or feminine noun
PLURAL ffyrchau ‹ fər
-khe›
1 fork of the legs
2 (South Wales) an act of
copulation, a fuck
rhoi ffwrch i to
have sexual intercourse with, to have sex with, to fuck
3 vagina, cunt
ffwrch menyw a
woman’s vagina
John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) in
'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911) includes this verse attributed to Siâms Twrbil /
James Turbervill, who was born 1751 in Tre-lai, Caer-dydd:
O Mali fwyn eleni
Y forwyn fwya yn Gymru,
A thwll ei ffwrch i guwch â'r to -
Pwy fyniff dro gan Mali?
JHM provides a Latin translation in
order not to offend Victorian / Edwardian sensibilities:
O
Maria suavis, hoc auno puella maxima in Cambria, et cavum furcae ejas(?) aequum
tecto - Quis desiderat se jungere cum Maria ?
English translation of the Welsh
verse: (“O tender Mary this year / the biggest maid in Wales / the hole of her
cunt as high as the roof / Who wants a go with Mary?”)
4 tŷ ar ffyrch ruined house (in a vocabulary by Cadrawd,
Llangynwyd), ?house with a collapsed roof
ETYMOLOGY: ffwrch, a variant or parallel form of fforch (= fork)
Cf
..1/ i ffwrdd (= away, North Wales “to road”) and ffordd (= road)
..2/ bwrdd (= table, North Wales) and bord (= table, South Wales)
:_______________________________.
ffwrcho ‹
fwr -kho› verb
(South Wales)
1 give the jump to, fuck
2 stand with one’s legs apart before
a fire to warm oneself
ETYMOLOGY: (ffwrch = copulation) + (-o suffix
for forming verbs)
(in South Wales, the w of a monosyllable does not become y in the penult as in northern and
standard Welsh > *ffyrchio)
:_______________________________.
ffwrdd ‹FURDH›
1 i ffwrdd = away
:_______________________________.
ffwrn ‹furn› feminine noun
PLURAL ffyrnau ‹fər
-ne›
1 (cooking food) oven; (pottery) kiln
ffwrn nwy (American:
gas stove) (Englandic: gas cooker)
ffwrn drydan
(American: electric stove) (Englandic: electric cooker)
2 South Wales cauldron
Yr oedd amryw fathau o grochanau - y crochan mawr, callor, pair - y
crochan gwaelod-wastad hefyd a elwid ffwrn, yn yr hon y pobid y dorth wen, ac y
crasid asen frân ar ôl lladd mochyn. Dodid y ffwrn ar drybedd, cant haiarn gyda
thair troed iddi, yng nghanol y tân, gan ei chladdu mewn marwor; a gwnelai ei
gwaith yn rhagorol
There were many types of pots - the
big pot, the cauldron, the cooking pot; the flat-bottomed cauldron was also
called a "ffwrn", in which the white loaf was baked, and spare ribs
after the slaughter of the pig. The "ffwrn" was placed on a trivet
(iron stand of three feet for placing a cooking pot), an iron ring with three
feet, in the middle of the fire, burying it in embers; and it did its work
excellently
3 ffwrn galch limekiln, oven.
Coed y Ffyrnau
(‘(the) wood (of) the kilns’) by Pontneddfechan (county of Powys)
4 (said of a dark place) mor dywyll
â'r ffwrn pitch-black ("as dark as the oven")
5 heb fod ym mhen draw'r ffwrn
(person) half-baked, not all there ("Not having been at the far end of the
oven")
6 ffwrn ficro-don microwave
oven
7 parod i'r ffwrn oven-ready
8 llestri ffwrn ovenware
(utensils and heat-resistant dishes for the oven)
9 (said of a disagreeably high temperature)
Mae hi fel ffwrn yma It's like an oven in here ! ("it's like an oven here")
10 furnace of hell
ffwrn o dân poeth a burning fiery
furnace
Daniel 3:6 A'r hwn ni syrthio ac ni addolo, yr awr honno a fwrir i ganol ffwrn o
dân poeth.
Daniel 3:6 And whoso falleth not down and worshippeth shall
the same hour be cast into the midst of a burning fiery furnace.
y ffwrn danllyd boeth the burning fiery
furnace
Daniel 3:17
Wele, y mae ein Duw ni, yr hwn yr ydym ni yn ei addoli yn abl i'n gwared ni
allan o'r ffwrn danllyd boeth, ac efe a'n gwared ni o'th law di, O frenin. (3:18) Ac onid e, bydded hysbys i ti, frenin, na addolwn dy dduwiau...
Daniel 3:17
If it be so, our God whom we serve
is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us
out of thine hand, O king. (3:18) But if not, be it known unto thee, O king,
that we will not serve they gods...
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ffwrn < British < Latin furnus (= oven)
From the same British root: Cornish forn (= oven), Breton forn (= oven)
:_______________________________.
ffwrna ‹ fur -na›
(South-west Wales)
1 (verb without an object) bake in an oven
diwrnod ffwrna
baking day
2 (verb with an object) bake (something) in an oven
ffwrna bara
bake bread
ETYMOLOGY: an alternative form of ffyrna
(ffyrn-, penult form of ffwrn
= oven) + (-a suffix for forming
verbs).
In South Wales, the usual reduction
of w ‹u› in a monosyllable to y (obscure vowel) in a tonic vowel generally doesn’t take place)
NOTE: See ffyrno
:_______________________________.
ffwrnais, ffwrneisiau ‹FUR nes, fur NEIS ye›
1 furnace
London, 1825. Observations on some
of the dialects in the West of England particularly with a glossary of words
now in use there ; and poems and other pieces, exemplifying the dialect. By
James Jennings, Honorary Secretary of the Metropolitan Library Institution,
London.
Fur'nis. s[ubstantive]. A large
vessel or boiler, used for brewing, and other purposes. It is always fixed with
bricks and mortar, and surrounded with flues, for the circulation of the heat
and exit of the smoke.
:_______________________________.
ffwrndy ‹FURN-di› masculine
noun
PLURAL ffyrndai ‹FƏRN-dai›
1 bakehouse
See ffyrndy
NOTE: ffwrndy - the w
in the penult in South Wales is frequently not reduced to y, the obscure
vowel
:_______________________________.
ffwrno ‹ fur -no›
(South Wales)
1 (verb without an object) bake in an oven
diwrnod ffwrno
baking day
2 (verb with an object) bake (something) in an oven
ffwrno bara
bake bread
ETYMOLOGY: an alternative form of ffyrno (ffyrn-, penult form of ffwrn
= oven) + (-o suffix for forming
verbs). In South Wales, the usual reduction of w ‹u› in a monosyllable to y (obscure vowel) in a tonic vowel
generally doesn’t take place)
:_______________________________.
ffydd ‹FIIDH›
1 faith
:_______________________________.
ffyddlon ‹FƏDH lon›
1 faithful
:_______________________________.
ffyddlondeb ‹fədh LON deb›
1 faithfulness
2 regular attendance (at school, etc)
Sticker in a book advertised for
sale on ebay, 2005-12-29 (Cyfres Ffynnon Loew / Hau a Medi sef nifer o hanesion
dyddorol ac addysgiadol i blant ac eraill. Gan Edward Thomas, Llanrhaiadr.
Hughes a'i Fab, Cyhoeddwyr, Gwrecsam, 1908):
"Ysgol Sabothol, Milner Road. - Cyflwynedig i Gwladys Owen am
ffyddlondeb a dysgu allan. 1913. H. Trevor Williams. Ysg."
= Sunday School, Milner Road: ‹this book was› Presented to Gwladys Owen for regular attendance and for learning ‹Bible
verses› by heart. 1913. H. Trevor Williams.
Secretary."
:_______________________________.
ffyn ‹FIN›
1 sticks; plural of ffon
:_______________________________.
ffynhonnau ‹fə NHO ne›
1 wells; plural of ffynnon
:_______________________________.
ffynnon ‹fə -non› feminine
noun
PLURAL ffynhonnau ‹fə-nho-ne›
1 well = shaft or borehole from which water is obtained; draw well
dŵr ffynnon well water, water obtained from a well
2 (in place names, many examples of wells which have the name of the
parish saint)
Yr oedd rhai yn credu bod slywen gysegredig yn byw yn nŵr Ffynnon
Gybi, Llangybi, Arfon
Some people believed that a sacred
eel lived in the water of Ffynnon Gybi (Cybi’s well), (in the village of)
Llangybi, (in the district of) Arfon
3 well, well-head = structure built over a well
4 ffynnon ddurol spa = medicinal
mineral spring
(durol (chalybeate {kəlíbiit} = containing iron salts)
ffynhonnau Llandrindod the wells (of the town of) Llandrindod
yfed o’r ffynhonnau take the waters (= visit a spa to drink the water)
5 ffynnon boeth warm spring,
hot spring
6 tref ffynhonnau spa = spa
town (“town (of) wells”)
7 llygad ffynnon well-head =
source of a well (“eye (of) well”) (llygad
y ffynnon = the well-head)
yn llygad y ffynnon at source
8 source of knowledge, in conjuction with the verb drachtio = drink, imbibe
Ffynnon arall y drachtiodd yn helaeth ohoni oedd Diwylliant Gwerin Cymru
Another well from which he imbibed was
the culture of the ordinary people of Wales
9 source of a stream
Ffynnon Llugwy
(‘source (of) (the stream called) Llugwy’). This is on the south side of
Carnedd Llywelyn mountain.
The stream flows into a reservoir of
the same name (Cronfa Ffynnon Llugwy)
and past the village of Capelcurig into the river Conwy
10 well = hole drilled for extracting gas, petroleum, etc
ffynnon olew
oil well
11 (valley of the river Aeron) segment of an orange
12 Treffynnon a town in the
county of Y Fflint
(tref / tre = trêv, town) + (y
definite article) + (ffynnon = well)
In standard Welsh the components of
the name are “tref y ffynnon” > tref-ffynnon, but it is more likely to be
from the colloquial form “tre’r ffynnon” (“(the) town (of) the well”) >
tre-ffynnon.
In either case the linking definite
article is lost, a very frequent feature of Welsh place names.
English name: Holywell [hó-li-wel]
The ffynnon or well refers to
Ffynnon Wenffrewi in the town
(“(the) well (of) Gwenfrewi /
Gwenffrewi”).
English name: “Saint Winifred’s
Well”.
ffynnon hardd Wenffrewi the beautiful well of Gwenffrewi
ETYMOLOGY: ffynnon < ffynnawn
< British < Latin fontâna
From the same British root: Breton feunteun (= well), Cornish fenten (= well),
From the same Latin root via French:
English fountain
NOTE: county of Penfro: the word ffynnon occurs as ffinnon ‹fi-non› (in this area, the change of ‹ə› in the tonic syllable > ‹i› is typical)
:_______________________________.
Ffynnon Bedr ‹fə-non
be-der› feminine
noun
1 SN5747 well in Llanbedr
Pont Steffan (county of Ceredigion):
English name: Peterwell
2 ST0876 well in Llanbedr y Fro (county of Bro Morgannwg)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) well (of) Peter”,
Peter’s well)
(ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (Pedr = Peter)
:_______________________________.
ffynnon ddŵr ‹fə-non
dhuur› feminine
noun
PLURAL ffynhonnau dŵr ‹fə-nho-ne duur›
1 well ("well (of) water")
Roedd ’na ffynnon ddŵr yng nghanol clos y fferm
There was a well in the middle of
the farmyard
ETYMOLOGY: (ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (dwr = water)
:_______________________________.
Ffynnon Drewi ‹fə
-non dreu wi›
1 name of a chalybeate spring in Lledrod, Ceredigion
ETYMOLOGY: “stinking well”
(ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (drewi = stinking; to stink) > *ffynnon ddrewi > ffynnon drewi
(simplification of the cluster with a mutated consonant by deleting the soft
mutation n-dd > n-d)
:_______________________________.
Ffynnon-dwym ‹fə
-non duim›
1 farm north of Ynys-y-bŵl (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
ETYMOLOGY: (ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (twym = warm)
:_______________________________.
Ffynnon Fair ‹fə
-non vair›
1 name of a well by Pen-rhys (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) well (of) (the) (Virgin) Mary”;
“Mary’s well”)
(ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (Mair = Mary, the Virgin Mary)
:_______________________________.
Ffynnon Fedw ‹FƏ-non
VEE-du›
1 name of a well in Llanedern (1744)
John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw),
‘Cardiff Records’, (compiled 1889-1911):
1744. Inquest taken 30 August 18 G. 2., at the house of Rees
Howell at Roath in the Hundred of Kibbor and County of Glamorgan, before Evan
Prichard, esq., Coroner, upon view of the body of Edward Richard, labourer,
found that the deceased, as he was going from the dwelling-house of Thomas
Brewer in the parish of Lanishen to to his own dwelling-house in the parish of
Lanedern, fell into a well called ffunnon Vedw in the said parish of Lanedern and was drowned
https://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=48123
ETYMOLOGY: ffynnon y fedw “(the)
well (of) (the) birch grove”
(ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (bedw = birches; birch grove)
:_______________________________.
ffynnon goch ‹fə-non gookh › feminine noun
PLURAL: ffynhonnau coch / cochion ‹fə-nho-ne kookh / kokh-yon›
1 chalybeate spring
(The expression was in use in
Ceredigon in 1916, according to Welsh Leader 16-11-1906, p.142)
ETYMOLOGY: (ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (coch = red)
:_______________________________.
Ffynnon-gog ‹fə-non goog ›
1 SN2946 farm by Betwsifan, Ceredigion
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/745444 Ffynnon-gog
See Ffynnon-y-gog below
:_______________________________.
ffynnon ofuned ‹fə
-non o-vî-ned› feminine
noun
PLURAL ffynhonnau gofuned ‹fə-nho-ne go-vî-ned›
1 wishing well
ETYMOLOGY: (ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (gofuned = vow, oath; request)
:_______________________________.
Ffynnon-taf ‹fə non TAAV›
1 village in the South-east (well of the river Taf)
English name: Taff’s Well
An alternative (and more correct)
form is Ffynnon-daf, with the soft mutation of the intial ‘t’ of
Taf. On the 1875 Ordnance Survey map the name Tir-ffynnon-Daf appears by
Taffswell Ferry (Public).
:_______________________________.
Ffynnon-wen ‹fə-non
wen› feminine
noun
1 street name in Tyddewi (county in Sir Benfro)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘whitewashed well’
(ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn
= white)
NOTE: Cf ffynhonwen, in the
place name Llanffynhonwen (qv)
:_______________________________.
Ffynnon y Gog ‹fə-non ə goog› feminine noun
1 name of various wells (see next entry for this name as a habitative
name)
ETYMOLOGY: (‘(the) well (of) the
cuckoo’) (ffynnon = well) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (cog = cuckoo).
However in most cases, if not all,
of this name this is the apparent derivation, but it is not the true derivation.
The original form is
(1) Ffynnon Goeg ‘dry well’ (ffynnon)
+ soft mutation + (coeg = blind,
empty)
(2) In South Wales, the diphthong ‹oe› in monosyllables is simplified and becomes the
long vowel ‹oo›. Hence coeg > coog
Other examples are
coed (=
wood) > cood,
noeth (=
naked, bare) > nooth.
(3) In many place names of the type
NOUN + definite article + QUALIFYING NOUN, the definite article is dropped.
Examples are:
Glan-llyn
< Glan-y-llyn (the side of the
lake),
Tynllechwedd
< Tynyllechwedd (the smallholding
of the slope).
(4) Thus Ffynnon Goog was thought to be from an original Ffynnon y Gog
:_______________________________.
Ffynnon-y-gog ‹fə-non ə goog› feminine noun
1 SO0301 farm north of Cefnpennar (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=181291
2 SN5434 Farm in the parish of Llanfihangel Rhos-y-corn, Caerfyrddin
county, south-east of Gwernogle. South-east of this farm, beyond the farm of
Pantycoubal, is a well called Ffynon y Gog.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/153283 Eglwys Llanfihangel
Rhos-y-corn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=210141 Ffynnon-y-gog
“David
Davies. Ganwyd ef yn Ffynonygog, yn mhlwyf Llanfihangel, Rhosycorn, sir
Gaerfyrddin, Medi 14eg, 1791. Yr oedd ei rieni yn aelodau ffyddlon
o’r eglwys Annibynol yn y Gwernogle” (Rees, T & Thomas, J, 1873, Hanes
Eglwysi Annibynol Cymru (pum cyfrol) / “History of the Independent Churches
of Wales” in five volumes)
David Davies. He was born in
Ffynnon-y-gog, in the parish of Llanfihangel Rhos-y-corn, in the county of
Caerfyrddin, September 14, 1791. His parents were faithful members of the
Independent church in Y Gwernogle.
ETYMOLOGY: Habitative names are
written as a single word. If the final element is an accented monosyllabic word,
all the elements in the name are separated with hyphens. See the previous entry
Ffynnon y Gog
:_______________________________.
ffynnu ‹FƏ
ni›
1
prosper
:_______________________________.
ffyr ‹fƏR›
1 fur - see ffwr
:_______________________________.
ffyrau ‹FƏ re›
1 furs; plural of ffwr
:_______________________________.
ffyriwr ‹fər -yur› masculine
noun
PLURAL ffyrwyr ‹fər-wir›
1 furrier, fur dealer
ETYMOLOGY: (ffyr = fur) + (-i-wr
agent suffix)
:_______________________________.
ffyrling, ffyrlingau ‹FƏR
ling, fər LI nge›
1 farthing
:_______________________________.
ffyrna ‹ fər -na› verb
(mid-Wales)
1 (verb without an object) bake in an oven
diwrnod ffyrna
baking day
2 (verb with an object) bake (something) in an oven
ffyrna bara
bake bread
ETYMOLOGY: (ffyrn-, penult form of ffwrn
= oven) + (-a suffix for forming
verbs).
NOTE: See ffyrno
:_______________________________.
ffyrnau ‹FƏR ne›
1 ovens, kilns; plural of ffwrn
:_______________________________.
ffyrndy ‹FƏRN-di› masculine
noun
PLURAL ffyrndai ‹FƏRN-dai›
1 bakehouse
Calendar of Deeds and Documents Volume 1, The
Coleman Deeds, Francis Green, 1921, p. 217:
(22-07-1643) Llansamlett, co. Glamorgan… a
bakehouse, little garden and barn and eight parcels of land called Kaer
ffwrndy, Kae cenoll, Kae newydh, Gwayn ynis y pandy, Ynys y pandy vach, Ynys y
pandy vawr, Y koedgae and Y kae dy
ETYMOLOGY: “oven house” (ffyrn-, penult form of ffwrn = oven) + soft mutation + (ty^
= house).
NOTE: South Wales – ffwrndy (the
w in the penult in South Wales is frequently not reduced to y,
the obscure vowel)
:_______________________________.
ffyrnig ‹FƏR nig›
1 fierce
Ni fu erioed elyn ffyrnicach i ormes There was never a fiercer enemy of oppression
:_______________________________.
ffyrno ‹ fər -no›
(South Wales)
1 (verb without an object) bake in an oven
diwrnod ffyrno / diwrnod ffwrno baking day
2 (verb with an object) bake (something) in an oven
ffyrno bara
/ ffwrno bara bake bread
ETYMOLOGY: (ffyrn-, penult form of ffwrn
= oven) + (-o suffix for forming
verbs).
NOTE: Also
..a/ ffwrno in South Wales. The usual reduction of w ‹u› in a monosyllable to y (obscure vowel) in a tonic vowel
generally doesn’t take place.
..b/ In south-west Wales ffwrna
..c/ In mid-Wales, ffyrna
:_______________________________.
fi ‹VII›
1 I, me
:_______________________________.
Y Fiaren ‹ø vi AA ren› (feminine
noun)
1 (“the
bramble bush”) name of a house in Rhaeadr-gwy (Powys)
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (miaren = bramble bush)
:_______________________________.
fiawn ‹vyaun›
1
(North) i fiawn = standard i mewn into
(rhuthrodd) Sarah'r forwyn i fiawn ati i ddeyd mod i wedi cael fy lladd ar
y stryd o flaen y ty^,
Sarah the maid rushed in to her to say I’d
been killed on the street in front of the house
t.10 Dafydd Dafis, sef Hunangofiant
Ymgeisydd Seneddol. Beriah
Gwynfe Evans, 1898
:_______________________________.
ficer, ficeriaid ‹VI ker. Vi KER yed›
1 vicar
:_______________________________.
ficerdy, ficerdai ‹vi KER di, vi KER dai›
1
vicarage
:_______________________________.
fideo, fideos ‹VID
yo, VID yoz›
1
video
:_______________________________.
Y Fidgelyn ‹viid GEE-lin› feminine
noun
1 farm on the road between Cilfynydd and Llanfabon (county of Caerffili)
ETYMOLOGY: y fid gelyn = the hedge
(of) holly, holly hedge;
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (bid = hedge) + soft mutation + (celyn = (adjective) holly)
:_______________________________.
Y Figin ‹ə
VII-gin› feminine noun
1 (‘the marsh, the bog’) local name for Cors Fochno (‘the bog of Mochno’) in the north of the county of
Ceredigion
ETYMOLOGY: (y definite article) + soft mutation + (migin, colloquial form of mign
= bog)
For more examples, see Y Fign below
:_______________________________.
Y Fign ‹ə VIIi -gin›
A less formal spelling, which
represents this modern disyllabic pronunciation, is Y Figin
(1) Y Figin. Place in Llannerchbrochwel, Cegidfa (county of Powys).
English name: The Viggin. “Llanerchbrochwel [NOTE: modern spelling has –nn-]
comprises the high ground to the west of Moel-y-Garth hill, rising at Viggin
sheep-walk to a height of nearly 1,000 ft...” A History of the Parish of
Guilsfield (Cegidfa), T. Simpson Jones and Robert Owen, ?1900.
(2) Y Figin ‹ə
VII-gin› (‘the marsh, the bog’) local name for Cors Fochno (‘the bog of Mochno’) in
the north of the county of Ceredigion
2 Llyn y Fign “lake of the
boggy ground”
(1) SH8319 lake 7km south-west of
the peak Aran Fawddwy, 9km north-east-east of the town of Dolgellau
(2) SN8170 small lake 7km east of
the village of Goginan (county of Ceredigion). Part is in Ceredigion, and the
rest is in the county of Powys
ETYMOLOGY: “the bog” (y = definite article) + soft mutation +
(mign = bog)
mign < British
*mûkin-â- < Common Celtic <
Indoeuropean meuk- (= slime) < *meu (= wet)
Cf Latin mûcus (= mucus)
NOTE: mign is one of a group of words in Welsh with a final consonant cluster,
originally monosyllabic but nowadays disyllabic with the vowel ‘echoed’ – migin.
This ‘echoing’ does not occurs in
all circumstances with all words of this type, but it occurs colloquially in
some parts of the country.
E.g. cefn (= back) > cefen
(in South Wales), though cefn is retained in the north
:_______________________________.
Figyn ‹VII -gin›
1 On some English-language maps, a
mispelling for Figin (qv)
:_______________________________.
filiast ‹vil-yast› feminine
noun
1 soft-mutated form of miliast
(qv) = greyhound bitch
(1) Carnedd y Filiast (qv) (‘the carn of the greyhound bitch’) name of
two mountains, one by Cerrigydrudion (county of Conwy) and another by Llandygái
(county of Gwynedd)
(2) Gwâl y Filiast (qv) (‘the kennel of the greyhound bitch’) place 5km
al north-east of Llanboidy (county of Caerfyrddin)
:_______________________________.
filwyr ‹vil-wir› masculine noun
1 form with soft mutation of milwyr (= soldiers), for example:
..1/ after a preposition
deng mil o filwyr a hundred thousand soldiers
..2/ vocative
Rhagom Filwyr Iesu Onward Christian Soldiers (“before
us, soldiers (of) Christ”)
:_______________________________.
finegr ‹VI neg›
Colloquially fineg ‹VI
neg›
1 vinegar.
- finegr brag ‹vi neg BRAAG› malt vinegar
- pot finegr ‹pot VI negr› vinegar pot
:_______________________________.
finegret ‹vi ne GRET›
1 vinaigrette
:_______________________________.
finnau (finne) ‹VI ne›
1 me
too
:_______________________________.
fiola, fiolâu ‹vi O
la, vi o LAI›
1
viola
:_______________________________.
fioled cobalt ‹vi O led KO balt›
1 cobalt blue
:_______________________________.
firws, firysau ‹VI rus, vi RƏ se›
1 irus
:_______________________________.
Y Flwyddyn Newydd ‹ə VLUI dhin NEU idh›
1 (American: New Years) (Englandic: New Year's Day)
:_______________________________.
fm
1 (Notation after a headword in this
dictionary) feminine or masculine -
some nouns are generally feminine, but in some places or for some speakers they
are masculine
ergyd (fm) blow with
the fist; shot
:_______________________________.
fn
1 Sometimes these two consonants [vn] are transposed
to [nv] e.g. Llyfni > Llynfi, Llyfnell> Llynfell, Dyfnant > Dynfant,
etc. See nf
:_______________________________.
fo ‹VOO› (pronoun)
1 he (North)
iddo fo to him
:_______________________________.
fodd bynnag ‹voodh BƏ nag› (adv)
1 however
:_______________________________.
foel ‹voil› feminine noun
1 soft-mutated form of moel (=
bare hill)
y foel = the
(bare) hill
2 In some place names, it is used as if it were the radical form.
‘Moel’ (no soft mutation) would be
expected in such structures:
Foel Cnwch
(= “Moel Cnwch”)
Foel Gurig
(= “Moel Gurig”)
Foel Eryr (=
“Moel Eryr”)
Foel Figenau (= “Moel Figenau”) (south-east of
Llanuwchllyn)
Foel Offrwm
(= “Moel Offrwm”)
Foel Rhiwlas
(= “Moel Rhiwlas”)
Foel y Geifr
(= “Moel y Geifr”) (south-east of Llanuwchllyn)
Foel y Gwynt (= “Moel y Gwynt”)
Foel yr Hydd
(= “Moel yr Hydd”) hill north-east of Abercywarch SH8717
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1175958
Cf fan = (the) peak, used in some place names where the radical form ban would be expected. See the section SOFT
MUTATION between the headwords soflyn and soia
:_______________________________.
Y Foel ‹ə
vôil› feminine
noun
1 SH9911 village in northern
Powys, 2km north-west of Llangadfan, on the road from Llanfair Caerienion to
Mallwyd
Eisteddfod y Foel, Dydd Sadwrn, Tachwedd 25, 2000 Eisteddfod (of the village of) Y
Foel, Saturday November 25 2000
ETYMOLOGY: (y = the) + soft mutation + (moel
= hill)
:_______________________________.
Y Foel Boeth ‹voil BOITH› feminine
noun
1 SH7834 mountain in Gwynedd
(or the former county of Meirionnydd) (between Trawsfynydd and Llanuwchllyn)
2 SH8642 mountain in Gwynedd
(or the former county of Meirionnydd) (north of Llyn Celyn)
ETYMOLOGY: "the burnt
hill"
(y definite article) + soft mutation + (moel = hill) + soft mutation + (poeth = burnt)
(in hill names, poeth usually in the sense of ‘having a thin soil so that the grass
is easily scorched by the sun’)
:_______________________________.
Y Foel Frech ‹ə voil vreekh ›
1 (SH8476) mountain in the county of Conwy
Llyn y Foel Frech “(the) lake (by) Y Foel Frech”
ETYMOLOGY: “the speckled hill”
(y = the) + soft mutation + (moel
= hill) + soft mutation + (brech,
feminine form of brych = speckled)
:_______________________________.
Y Foel Wen ‹ə voil wen› (f)
1 peak in the Berwyn mountain range
691 metres, 2265 feet
2 The female
forename Moelwen (qv) <MOIL
wen> is possibly taken
from this mountain name (unless, as is more likely, it is an adaptation of the
male forename Moelwyn)
ETYMOLOGY: Y Foel Wen “the
white (bare) hilltop”
(y definite article the) +
soft mutation + (moel = bare hill) + soft mutation + (gwen,
feminine form of gwyn = white)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/648587
:_______________________________.
Foel Fynyddau ‹voil və nə dhai, dhe› feminine
noun
1 mountain in south-east Wales
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1006130 Foel Fynyddau
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically
representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great
Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: Foel Fynyddau "(the)
hill (of the) upland commons "
(foel = hill, soft-mutated form of moel; anomolous use of the mutated form as a radical form) + soft
mutation + (mynyddau = mountains; common lands)
mynydd besides meaning “mountain”, is “common land,
unenclosed upland”; mynddau would be “upland grazings”, “upland
commons”.
Mynyddau is the southern and historical
plural form of mynydd, in standard Welsh the plural is now mynyddoedd
(This derivation made without
studying earlier forms of the name, so it is possibly erroneous)
:_______________________________.
Foel Gurig ‹voil GII-rig› feminine
noun
1 SN9178 hill in Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=250603 map
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically
representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great
Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill (overlooking)
(Llan)gurig”
(foel = hill, soft-mutated form of moel; anomolous use of the mutated form as a radical form) + soft
mutation + (Curig = name of a saint of the Celtic church to whom
the parish church of Llangurig is dedicated)
:_______________________________.
Foel Offrwm ‹vôil o-frum› feminine
noun
1 SH7420 mountain in the
district of Meirionnydd (county of Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: "hill (of the)
offering"
foel offrwm < foel yr offrwm < moel yr offrwm (moel = bare hill) + (yr definite article) + (offrwm = offering)
NOTE: The radical form moel
would be expected in such a name; there is no reason for soft mutation in such
a construction. However, certain words of feminine gender (especially monosyllabic
words), because of their frequent use in the soft-mutated form, since the
definite article before a feminine noun causes this mutation, tend to be
regarded as an alternative radical form.
See “soft mutation” 1070e or via Google
#kimkat1070e
:_______________________________.
Foel y Gwynt ‹vôil ə gwint› feminine noun
1 SJ1040 mountain south-east of
Corwen (county of Dinbych)
ETYMOLOGY: "(the) hill (of) the
wind" (foel = hill,
soft-mutated form of moel; anomolous
use of the mutated form as a radical form) + (y = definite article) + (gwynt
= wind)
:_______________________________.
fore Sul ‹vô-re siil › adverbial
1 Sunday morning
fore Suliau on
Sunday mornings, every Sunday in the morning
Cerddai ddeg ac ugain milldir foreu Suliau
i bregethu
He would walk ten or twenty miles on
Sunday mornings / every Sunday morning to preach
ETYMOLOGY: bore Sul = Sunday morning; there is soft mutation of the initial of
the first word of the phrase to form an adverbial phrase
:_______________________________.
fore trannoeth ‹vô-re
tra-noth› adverb
1 the following morning
...a chysgwyd yn hwyr fore trannoeth ...and people slept late the
following morning
ETYMOLOGY: (bore = morning) + (trannoeth
= the following day); with soft mutation of the initial consonant of an
adverbial phrase, here b > f
:_______________________________.
-for ‹MOR›
1 in compound words, an unstressed
final-syllable form of fawr, soft mutated from of mawr (= great, large, big)
Occurs
after feminine nouns
Dolfor
‹DOL-vor› dôl fawr great
meadow
Trefor
‹TREE-vor› tref fawr great
trêv / farm
See: -mor
:_______________________________.
Forgan ‹vor -gan› masculine
noun
1 soft-mutated form (m > f) of the man’s name Morgan used as a genitive form (gemerally after feminine nouns) in
certain place names
(1) Rhiw Forgan (“(the) rise (of) Morgan”) name of a track north of the
village of Sant-y-brid (county of Bro Morgannwg)
(2) Tarren Forgan (“(the) slope (of) Morgan”) place east of
Pont-rhyd-y-fen (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
(3) Gwlad Forgan (“(the) country (of) Morgan”) alternative name for Morgannwg, region and former kingdom in
the south-east. The English name “Glamorgan” has its origin in this name.
(Why ‘Morgan’ (Glamorgan) instead of
‘Vorgan’ (*Gla’vorgan / *Gladvorgan) in English?
Welsh ‹m› is a bilabial consonant. It seems that Welsh ‹v› was formerly also bilabial, and to English
ears it resembled ‹m› more than ‹v›.
Modern Welsh ‹v› is a labiodental consonant.)
:_______________________________.
forwyn ‹vor -win›
1 Soft mutated form (m > f) of morwyn
(= virgin; maid)
y Forwyn the
Virgin Mary, the Madonna
y Forwyn Fair
the Virgin Mary, the Madonna
:_______________________________.
'fory ‹VO ri›
1 tomorrow – a clipped form of yfory
:_______________________________.
Y Foryd ‹vô -rid›
‘the estuary / the inlet’
1 in the county of Gwynedd (North-west Wales):
..1/ Y Foryd (SH4459) bay in the district of Arfon (county of Gwynedd,
North Wales). It is an area of marsh and mudflats which leads into Afon Menai
opposite the south-west tip of the island of Môn
Also the name of a farm here, near
Llanwnda
..2/ (SH4459) Afon Foryd stream which rises by Dinas Dinlle and flows north into
Y Foryd
2 in the county of Conwy (North-west Wales):
..1/ Y Foryd (SH9980) place between Abergele (county of Conwy) and Y
Rhyl (county of Dinbych) where the river Clwyd flows into the sea
..2/ Tremyforyd = (trem =
view) + (Y Foryd) “view (of) Y
Foryd”.
Less correctly with the elements
separated Trem y Foryd),
Street name (as “Trem y Foryd”) in
Baecinmel (county of Dinbych)
(delwedd 7553)
ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (moryd = estuary, sea inlet)
:_______________________________.
fôt ‹voot› feminine noun
PLURAL fotiau, fôts ‹vot
–ye, voots›
1 (Englishism) vote. The standard form is pleidlais ‹pleid-lais›
ETYMOLOGY: English ‹voot› (= vote), in modern English ‹vout› < Latin votum (= promise) < votere
(= to promise)
NOTE: diminutive form: foten ‹vo
–ten›
:_______________________________.
fôt ‹voot› feminine noun
PLURAL fotiau ‹vot
-ye›
1 vault; see fowt
:_______________________________.
fowt ‹vout› feminine noun
PLURAL fowtiau ‹vout
-ye›
1 vault = arched ceiling made form brick or stone
The spoken form is generally fôt
fôt frics
bricked vault
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English vout (= modern English vault ‹volt›) < French < Vulgar Latin *volvita (= turning) < Latin volvere (= to turn). In modern French voûte = vault.
:_______________________________.
-fr ‹- ›
1 In monosyllables with the diphtong ei
an epenthetic vowel ‹i› is inserted into the cluster fr in colloquial pronunciations.
This ei is usually reduced to a single vowel i
geifr (=
goats) > geifir > gifir
2 In monosyllables with the vowel y
an epenthetic vowel ‹i› “y” is inserted into the cluster fr in colloquial pronunciations.
(South Wales) llyfr (= books) > llyfyr
:_______________________________.
fraich ym mraich ‹vraikh ə MRAIKH›
1 arm in arm
:_______________________________.
fraith ‹vraith› adjective
1 Soft mutated form (b > f) of braith,
feminine form of brith = speckled,
of various colours
torth fraith
(North Wales) currant loaf, currant bread
siaced fraith
coat of many colours
Ac Israel oedd hoffach ganddo Joseff na'i holl feibion, oblegid efe oedd
fab ei henaint ef; ac efe a wnaeth siaced fraith iddo ef
Genesis 37:3
Now Israel loved Joseph more than all
his children, because he was the son of his old age; and he made him a coat of
many colours
(in these expressions there is soft
mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun)
:_______________________________.
fras ‹vraas› adjective
1 Soft mutated form (c > g) of bras
(= great, large, fat)
Dafydd Fras
(obsolete) Fat David (modern Welsh would be Dafydd Dew)
:_______________________________.
frech
‹vreekh
› adjective
1 Soft
mutated form (b > f) of brech,
..1/
feminine form of the adjective brych = speckled
tylluan frech (Strix
aluco) tawny owl
Y Foel Frech The
Speckled Hill
(in these
names there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which
follows a feminine noun)
..2/
(feminine noun) pox; injection
y frech wen smallpox
:_______________________________.
:_______________________________.
frodyr
‹vrô
-dir›
1 soft
mutation of brodyr (= brothers)
One use of
this is as a vocative
Frodyr! Brothers
Philipiaid
4:8 Yn ddiwethaf, frodyr, pa bethau bynnag sydd wir, pa
bethau bynnag sydd onest, pa bethau bynnag sydd gyfiawn, pa bethau bynnag sydd
bur, pa bethau bynnag sydd hawddgar, pa bethau bynnag sydd ganmoladwy, od oes
un rhinwedd, ac od oes dim clod, meddyliwch am y pethau hyn.
Philippians
4:8 Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are
honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever
things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any
virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things.
:_______________________________.
Y Fron ‹ə
vron› feminine
noun
“the hill”
1 Occurs in names of hills. In such names,
it would usually be the short version of a longers name, which may still be in
existence, or is no longer in use, or is forgotten and now unknown.
2 Occurs in house names / street names
“Fron Terrace” Street name in
Pont-ty-pridd (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(which in Welsh would be Rhestr y Fron)
Often seen spelt in an Anglicised
form - Vron
ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (bron = hill)
:_______________________________.
Fron Deg ‹vron deeg› feminine
noun
1 fair hill
ETYMOLOGY: y fron deg = “the fair
hill”
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (bron = hill) + soft mutation + (teg = fair)
:_______________________________.
Fron-deg ‹vron deeg› feminine noun
1 fair hill; street name in Tredegar (county of Blaenau Gwent)
ETYMOLOGY: See Fron Deg
NOTE: cf Bron-deg street name in (1) Merthyrtudful, (2) Abertawe
In names of houses / villages /
towns, and names of streets which imitate house or village names, the elements
making up the name are written as one word
:_______________________________.
Fron Dinas ‹vron DII nas›
1 farm in Y Dinas, by Llanwnda, Gwynedd
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently “Y Fron which
is in Y Dinas”
If it were “(the place) (on) (the) hill (overlooking the earthwork called) Y Dinas”
we might expect Brondinas bron dinas or Bronydinas bron y dinas.
If it is
the first, we should expect another place nearby called Y Fron
Fron however often occurs in place names where bron would be more appropriate, as in is one of a dozen
or so feminine words which seem to have soft-mutated forms regarde as beiong
the radical form (e.g. waun instead of gwaun, wern instead of gwern, etc)
:_______________________________.
Fron Felen ‹vron-vê-len› feminine
noun
1 (place name) y fron felen = “the yellow hill”
Name of a former slate quarry in
Corris (county of Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: y fron felen
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (bron = hill) + soft mutation + (melen, feminine form of melyn
= yellow)
:_______________________________.
Fronfelen ‹vron-vê-len› feminine
noun
1 name of various places
(1) farm in Ceredigion
(2) house name:
George Pryce Davies (Born 8 November 1853, Caer-sws), son of William
Davies, a farmer; mother’s name Sarah; emigrated to Australia circa 1876. He
named his house in Sydney "Fronfelen". (Source: A. McDade-Davies, Lookup.com, 01
March 2001)
NOTE: (1) In names of houses /
villages / towns, and names of streets which imitate house or village names,
the elements making up the name are written as one word Fron Felen >
Fronfelen
(2) cf Bronfelen street name in Caer-dydd
ETYMOLOGY: See the preceding entry
:_______________________________.
Fron Haul ‹vron hâil› feminine noun
1 sunny hill
ETYMOLOGY: fron haul < fron yr
haul (The linking definite article is often omitted in place names)
(fron = hill) + (yr =
definite article) + (haul = sun)
with anomolous use of the
soft-mutated form fron as the radical form instead of bron.
There are other examples of the
soft-mutated form where there should be a noun with a radical initial consonant
– see names with foel (moel = hill),
waun (gwaun = mountain meadow)
:_______________________________.
Fron-haul ‹vron hail›
1 (house name) = sunny hill
..a/ House name in Capelbangor
(Ceredigion)
..b/ SN1910 farm near Llan-teg (Sir
Benfro)
..c/ house name in Glynyswistir /
Swiss Valley, Llanelli
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/605195
ETYMOLOGY: See Fron Haul
NOTE: cf the settlement name Bron-haul
(1) Bron-haul street name in
Aber-dâr (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf),
(2) Bron-haul street name in
Pen-tyrch (county of Caer-dydd),
(3) Bron-haul street name in
Llantrisant (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
In names of houses / villages / towns, and names of streets which
imitate house or village names, the elements making up the name are written as
one word
:_______________________________.
Fronhendre ‹vron hen
-dre›
1 house in Lôn y Cytir, Bangor (“Vron Hendre”)
ETYMOLOGY: fron hendre < fron
yr hendre “(the) hill (of) the winter dwelling / the main farmstead” (The linking
definite article is often omitted in place names)
(fron = hill) + (yr =
definite article) + (hendre = winter
dwelling / main farmstead)
with anomolous use of the
soft-mutated form fron as the radical form instead of bron.
:_______________________________.
Fron Heulog ‹vron hei
-log› feminine noun
1 sunny hill
ETYMOLOGY: y fron heulog (y = definite article) + soft mutation +
(bron = hill) + (heulog = sunny)
:_______________________________.
Fronheulog ‹vron hei
-log› feminine noun
1 sunny hill;
(1) street name in Pen-y-bont ar
Ogwr
(2) street name in Pant-y-graig-wen,
Pont-ty-pridd (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
ETYMOLOGY: See Fron Heulog
NOTE: The
name is found more usually as Bronheulog,
that is without the initial soft mutation. Cf street name in Troed-y-rhiw
(county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) “Bronheulog Terrace” (which would be Rhestr Bronheulog in Welsh)
In names of houses / villages /
towns, and names of streets which imitate house or village names, the elements
making up the name are written as one word
:_______________________________.
Fron Wen ‹vron wen› feminine
noun
1 (place name) (the) white hill
ETYMOLOGY: y fron wen (y = definite article) + soft mutation +
(bron = hill) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white)
:_______________________________.
Fron-wen ‹vron wen› feminine
noun
1 white hill
(1) street name in Cwmogwr (county
of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) - official name is in English, “Fron-Wen Terrace”, which
would be Rhestr Fron-wen (if named
after a house) or Rhestr Fron Wen
(if named after a local hill) in Welsh
(2) street name in Merthyrtudful -
official name is in English, “Fronwen Terrace”, which would be Rhestr Fron-wen or Rhestr Fron Wen in Welsh
ETYMOLOGY: See Fron Wen
NOTE: In names of houses / villages
/ towns, and names of streets which imitate house or village names, the
elements making up the name are written as one word
:_______________________________.
fry ‹vrii› adverb
1 above
i fyny fry
up above, high above
Gwelid y ceir i fyny fry ar y draffordd
Cars were to be seen high above on
the motorway
Ty-fry (farm
name / house name) high house
oddi fry
from above, from on high
ETYMOLOGY: fry, soft-mutated form to denote adverbial function of *bry (a form of bre = hill)
:_______________________________.
fu ‹vii › verb
1 soft-mutated form of bu has
been
2 a fu which has been
(colloquially the relative pronoun a
is omitted)
Cael a chael fu hi iddo ddal y bws He only just caught the bus
Pwy fu yn dy helpu di? Who helped you? (“(it-is) who
(that) has-been in your helping of-you”)
:_______________________________.
fuas i ddim ‹VI a si DHIM›
1 I haven't been (North-west)
:_______________________________.
fuas i? ‹VI a si›
1 have I been? (North-west)
:_______________________________.
fuast ti ddim ‹VI as ti DHIM›
1 you haven't been (North-west)
:_______________________________.
fuast ti? ‹VI as ti›
1 have you been? (North-west)
:_______________________________.
fues i ddim ‹VI e si DHIM›
1 I haven't been
:_______________________________.
fues i? ‹VI e si›
1 have I been?
:_______________________________.
fuest ti ddim ‹VI e sti DHIM›
1 you haven't been
:_______________________________.
fuest ti? ‹VI es ti›
1 have you been?
:_______________________________.
f'un í ‹viin ii› pronom
1 mine; the one belonging to me
f’un i a d’un dithe
mine and yours; the one
belonging to me and the one belonging to you
Mae ei hagwedd hi at y gwaith yn hollol wahanol i f'un í
Her attitude about the work is
totally different to mine
ETYMOLOGY: f’un i < fy un i
(fy = my) + (un = one) +
(i tag pronoun = (of) me)
NOTE: Colloquially also yn un í < fyn un i
(fyn, older form of fy =
my) + (un = one) + (i tag pronoun = (of) me)
After a vowel it becomes 'n un í
Fe gollon nhw ’n un i they lost the one belonging to me
:_______________________________.
fuoch chi ddim ‹VI o khi DHIM›
1 you haven't been
:_______________________________.
fuoch chi? ‹VI o khi›
1 have you been?
:_______________________________.
fuodd e ddim ‹VI o dhe DHIM›
1 he hasn't been
:_______________________________.
fuodd e? ‹VI o dhe›
1 has he been?
:_______________________________.
fuodd hi ddim ‹VI o dhi DHIM›
1 she hasn't been
:_______________________________.
fuodd hi? ‹VI o dhi›
1 has she been?
:_______________________________.
fuodd o ddim ‹VI o dho DHIM›
1 he hasn't been
:_______________________________.
fuodd o? ‹VI o dho›
1 has he been?
:_______________________________.
fuon nhw ddim ‹VI o nu DHIM›
1 they haven't been
:_______________________________.
fuon nhw? ‹VI o nu›
1 have they been?
:_______________________________.
fuon ni ddim ‹VI o ni DHIM›
1 we haven't been
:_______________________________.
fuon ni? ‹VI o ni›
1 have we been?
:_______________________________.
fuwch ‹VIUKH› f
1 soft-mutated form of bwuch (= cow)
y fuwch the cow
un fuwch one cow
dwy fuwch two cows
:_______________________________.
fwltur, fwlturiaid ‹VUL tir, vul TIR yed›
1 vulture
:_______________________________.
fwri- <VU-ri> [ˡvʊrɪ] verb
1 soft-mutated form (b > f) of bwri-,
stem of the verb bwrw = throw, hit.
bwriasant / fwriasant = they threw
Croniclau-2 30:14
A hwy a gyfodasant, ac a fwriasant ymaith yr allorau oedd yn Jerwsalem;
bwriasant ymaith allorau yr arogl-darth, a thaflasant hwynt i afon Cidron
Chronicles-2 30:14
And they arose and took away the
altars that were in Jerusalem, and all the altar for incense took they away,
and cast them into the brook Kidron
:_______________________________.
fwy na dim <vui naa DIM> [vʊɪ nɑː
ˡdɪm]
1 more than anything
:_______________________________.
fwyaf <VUUI-a> [ˡvuˑɪa]
1 mostly
:_______________________________.
fwyf ‹ VUUIV› [ˡvuˑɪv]verb
1 soft mutated form og bwyf I shall be (first person singular present subjunctive)
Pan fwyf hen a pharchus When I am old and respectable
:_______________________________.
fy <VƏ> [və]
1 my
2 (in addressing a lord)
f’Arglwydd My
Lord, Your Lordship
:_______________________________.
fychan <VƏƏ-khan> [ˡvəˑxan]
1 epithet = junior. Anglicised as the surname Vaughan <VOON> [voːn]
:_______________________________.
fydd <VIIDH> [viːð]
1 soft mutated form of bydd =
will be
2 (in an affirmative sentence) fe
fydd = will be
3 (in an interrogative sentence)
(a) a fydd...? (literary form) = will be...?
(b) fydd...? (colloquial form) = will be?
4 (in a negative sentence)
(a) ni fydd (literary form) = will not be
(b) fydd e ddim (colloquial form) = he won’t be;
fydd hi ddim
(colloquial form) = she won’t be
5 (in an negative sentence) ni
fydd (literary form) = will not be
(a) oni fydd? (literary form) = won’t (he, she) be?
(b) yn fydd? (colloquial form) = won’t (he, she) be?
6 (answer)
na fydd = it
will not be
7 (after a relative pronoun)
a fydd =
which will be
na fydd =
which will not be, which won’t be
Used without a subject in sayings; =
(the person) who; whosoever, whoever; (the thing) that , whatsoever, whatever,
what
A fyn Duw a fydd (motto) What God wills shall be
See mynnu (= to will, to
want, to wish, to insist)
8 fydd which will be, of the
future; equivalent to the English adjective ’future’
Cymru Fydd
Wales of the Future, Future Wales
Wythnos yng Nghymru Fydd (“A week in the Wales of the Future”) Science-fiction novel (1957) by
Islwyn Ffowc-Elis. The protagonist Ifan Powell is projected twice to the year
2033 – in one possible future Wales is Welsh-speaking and an independent
country, and in the other it is a province called Western England where the
Welsh language has entirely disappeared, apart from an old woman in Y Bala who
half remembers it from her youth
ddyddiau fydd
in days to come
:_______________________________.
fydd hi ddim ‹VII dhi DHIM›
1 she won't be
:_______________________________.
fydd hi? = a fydd hi ‹VII dhi›
1 will she be?
:_______________________________.
fydd o ddim ‹VII dho DHIM›
1 he won't be (North)
:_______________________________.
fydd o? ‹VII dho›
1 will he be? (North)
:_______________________________.
fydda fa ddim = ni fyddai ef ‹VƏ dha va DHIM›
1 he wouldn't be (South-east)
:_______________________________.
fydda fa? = a fyddai
ef? ‹VƏ dha va DHIM›
1 would he be? (South-east)
:_______________________________.
fydda hi ddim = ni fyddai hi ‹VƏ dha hi DHIM›
1 she wouldn't be (South-east)
:_______________________________.
fydda hi? f= a fyddai hi? ‹VƏ dha hi›
1 would she be? (South-east)
:_______________________________.
fyddach chi ddim = ni fyddech chi ‹VƏ dha khi DHM›
1 you wouldn't be (South-east)
:_______________________________.
fyddach chi? = a fyddech chi? ‹VƏ dha khi›
1 would you be? (South-east)
:_______________________________.
fyddan nhw ddim = ni fyddent hwy ‹VƏ dhan nu DHIM›
1 they wouldn't be(South-east)
:_______________________________.
fyddan nhw? = a fyddant hwy? ‹VƏ dha nu›
1 would they be? (South-east)
:_______________________________.
fyddan ni ddim = ni
fyddem ni ‹VƏ dha ni DHIM›
1 we wouldn't be (South-east)
:_______________________________.
fyddan ni? = a fyddem
ni? ‹VƏ dha ni›
1 would we be? (South-east)
:_______________________________.
fyddat ti ddim = ni fydd ‹VƏ dha ti DHIM›
1 you wouldn't be (South-east)
:_______________________________.
fyddat ti? ‹VƏ dha ti›
1 would you be? (South-east)
:_______________________________.
fydde fe ddim = ni
fyddai ef ‹VƏ dhe ve DHIM›
1 would she be? (South-west)
:_______________________________.
fydde fe? = a fyddai ef? ‹VƏ dhe ve DHIM›
1 would he be? (South-west)
:_______________________________.
fydde hi ddim = ni fyddai hi ‹VƏ dhe hi DHIM›
1 she you wouldn't be (South-west)
:_______________________________.
fyddech
‹vo
-dhekh›
1 (literary
form) byddech
(colloquial
forms:) fe fyddech (chi) (South), mi fyddech (chi) (North) you
would be
2 (literary
form), a fyddech?
(colloquial
form) fyddech chi? would you be?
Em farieu el
favor d’omplir aquest formulari? (“estarieu tan bo amb omplir...”)
3 (literary
form) ni fyddech
(colloquial
form) fyddech chi ddim ‹VƏ dhe khi DHM› (colloquial form) no
you wouldn’t be
:_______________________________.
fyddech chi ddim = ni fyddech chi ‹VƏ dhe khi DHM›
1 you wouldn't be (South-west)
:_______________________________.
fyddech chi? = a fyddech chi? ‹VƏ dhe khi›
1 would you be? (South-west)
:_______________________________.
fydden nhw ddim = ni fyddent hwy ‹VƏ dhen nu DHIM›
1 they wouldn't be (South-west)
:_______________________________.
fydden nhw? = a fyddent hwy? ‹VƏ dhe nu›
1 would they be? (South-west)
:_______________________________.
fydden ni ddim = ni fyddem ni ‹VƏ dhe ni DHIM›
1 we wouldn't be (South-west)
:_______________________________.
fydden ni? = a fyddem
ni? ‹VƏ dhe ni›
1 would we be? (South-west)
:_______________________________.
fyddet ti ddim = ni fydd ‹VƏ dhe ti DHIM›
1 you wouldn't be (South-west)
:_______________________________.
fyddet ti? ‹VƏ dhe ti›
1 would you be? (South-west)
:_______________________________.
fyddi di ddim ‹VƏ dhi di DHIM›
1 you won't be
:_______________________________.
fyddi di ddim = ni fyddwn i ‹VƏ dhei DHIM›
1 I won't be
:_______________________________.
fyddi di? ‹VƏ dhi di›
1 will you be?
:_______________________________.
fyddwch chi ddim ‹VƏ dhu khi DHIM›
1 you won't be
:_______________________________.
fyddwch chi? ‹VƏ dhu khi›
1 will you be'
:_______________________________.
fyddwn i? = a fyddwn i? ‹VƏ dhei›
1 will I be?
:_______________________________.
fyddwn ni ddim ‹VƏ dhu ni DHIM›
1 we won't be
:_______________________________.
fyddwn ni? ‹VƏ dhu ni›
1 will we be?
:_______________________________.
fy mod i ‹və
mood ii›
1 that I...
Paid â sôn fy mod i... Don’t let on that I am / I was Don’t tell anyone that I am / I was
Colloqually ’mod i < ’y mod i
< fy mod i
ETYMOLOGY: (fy = my) + nasal mutation + (bod
= being, to be) + (i = (of) me)
:_______________________________.
fymryn ‹vəm
-rin› adverb
1 slightly,
a little way, a tiny bit
Rhaid plannu'r bylbyn fel y bydd ei
ben fymryn dan y pridd
It is
necessary to plant the bulb so that the top of it is a little way under the
earth
Mae e fymryn yn fyddar He’s a
little bit deaf
Mae hwnna fymryn yn ormod That’s a
bit too much
2 fymryn
yn nes at a bit nearer to
3 fymryn
bach a little bit
Dyn diflas ofnadwy, ond ar ôl imi
yfed dri chwrw roedd e fymryn bach yn fwy diddorol
He was a
terribly boring man, but after I’d had three beers he was a little bit more
interesting
4 not in
the least, at all
Y mae yn dra sicr, gan hynny, nad
oedd amcangyfrif Mr. Rees fymryn yn rhy uchel
It's
absolutely certain therefore that Mr. Rees's estimate was not too high at all
ETYMOLOGY:
fymryn < mymryn = a bit, a portion. Adverbs are formed from
nouns by means of soft mutating the initial consonant
:_______________________________.
fyn ‹VIN›
1 soft mutation of myn =
he-she-it wills, wishes, insists
A fyn Duw a fydd (motto) What God wills shall be
See mynnu (= to will, to
want, to wish, to insist)
:_______________________________.
fyny = i fyny ‹VƏ ni›
1 up
:_______________________________.
fyrraf ‹və -ra›
1 soft mutation of byrraf =
shortest
mynd y ffordd fyrraf go the shortest way
:_______________________________.
fyth ‹VITH›
1 never, ever
2 gynted
fyth ag y gellir as soon as possible, as soon as you possibly can
:_______________________________.
fyth rhagor
‹vith
HRAA -gor›
1 ni + fyth
rhagor never again / not .. ever again
Wela i mohoni fyth rhagor I’ll
never see her again < Ni welaf fi...
ETYMOLOGY:
soft-mutated form of byth rhagor (byth = never / ever) + (rhagor
= more)
A
...
AR
...
BA
...
BR
...
CA.
...
CE
...
CI
...
CR
...
CY
...
DA
...
DI
...
E
...
F
...
GA
...
GWA
...
GWI
...
H
...
I, J, K
...
L
...
MA
...
MI
...
N
...
O
...
PA
...
PL, Q
...
R
...
S
...
TA
...
TR
...
U, V
...
W, X
...
Y, Z
Sumbolau / symbols: yyə
http://www.kimkat.org/kimro/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_f_1077e.html
Adolygiadau diweddaraf – darreres
actualitzacions - latest updates:: 09-08-2012 03-04-2017,
2008-10-16, 17 06 2003 :: 03 07 2003 :: 25 07 2003 :: 02 08
2003 :: 2003-10-27 :: 2003-11-06 :: 2003-11-24 :: 2003-12-15 :: 2004-02-17 ::
2004-06-24 :: 2004-08-01 : 2005-05-16
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