kimkat1073e A Welsh to English Dictionary in scroll-down format. Geiriadur Cymraeg a Saesneg ar fformat sgrolio-i-lawr.

08-08-2021 19.00


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● ● ● ● kimkat1818e Cyfeirddalen y geiriadur hwn / Index to the online dictionary
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Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia
El Web de Gal
·les i Catalunya
The Wales-Catalonia Website

Y Gwe-eiriadur
An Internet dictionary of Welsh for speakers of English

PL

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a-7000_kimkat1356k
Beth sy’n newydd?


 

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pl- ‹-›
1
contraction of (p + vowel + l) especially in colloquial Welsh
..1 pileru (= to pillar) > p’leru / pleru (colloquial Welsh)
..2 pa le (= what place) > p’le / ple; b’le / ble
..3 Modern Welsh pladur (= scythe) was historically paladur

2
a word showing the reverse of this process is palasty used erroniously in literature in the 1800s with the meaning of ‘mansion’.
(1) Mansion is plas (from English
‹plaas› ‘place’ = mansion; modern-day English ‹pleis› ‘place’ = position, residence).
(2) There is also a compound form (plas = mansion) + soft mutation + (ty = house) > plasdy > plasty (= mansion) (the soft mutation is lost through the influence of the ‘s’)
(3) It was thought wrongly that plasty was in fact p’lasty, that is, a reduced from of palasty with palas (= palace) as the first element

:_______________________________.

pla ‹PLAA› [pla:] masculine noun
PLURAL
plâu plAAi
1
plague = highly infectious disease which kills many people
y pla du the bubonic plague, the great plague (“the black plague”)

2 (Bible) pestilence or affliction sent by God as a punishment for human sin

3 (person) nuisance
Mae'n bla ar f'enaid i He's the bane of my life (“he’s a plague on my soul”)

Am bla yw'r plentyn na!, also Dyna bla yw'r plentyn na! What a plague that child is! That child's a real plague!

bod fel pla be a nuisance (“be like a plague”)

Mae e fel pla He’s a damn nuisance (“he’s like a plague”)

4
plague = said of something unpleasant, undesired which is widespread
Mae lladrata'n bla yn ein hardal ni ers iddyn nhw gau gorsaf heddlu'r pentre
Burglary / theft is a plague in our area since they closed the village police station

5 plague = obsession
mynd yn bla ar, become an obsession with

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh pla < “plagh” < British < Latin plâga (= blow, wound)

:_______________________________.

pladres, pladresi ‹PLA dres, pla DRE si› [ˡpladrɛs, plaˡdrɛsɪ] (feminine noun)
1
big hefty woman
y bladres the big hefty woman

:_______________________________.

pladur ‹PLAA-dir› [ˡplɑˑdɪr] feminine noun
PLURAL
pladuriau ‹pla-DIR-yai, -ye› [plaˡdɪrjai, -jɛ]
1
scythe
y bladur the scythe

2 llafn y bladur bog asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum) (“blade of the scythe”)

3 cawell pladur cradle for a scythe

4 coes pladur handle of a scythe (USA: “snathe”)

ETYMOLOGY: pladur < paladur (palu = to dig) + (-adur noun-forming suffix, indicating an implement or a book).

Cf Scottish (Gŕidhlig) falaid (= reaping hook)

:_______________________________.

pladuro ‹pla-DII-ro› [plaˡdɪˑrɔ] verb
1
(verb with an object) to scythe
2
(verb without an object) to scythe

ETYMOLOGY: (pladur = scythe) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

pladurwr ‹pla-DII-ro› [plaˡdɪˑrʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL
pladurwyr ‹pla-DIR-wir› [plaˡdɪrwɪr]
1
mower, one who cuts with a scythe; reaper

ETYMOLOGY: (pladur = scythe) (-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

plaen ‹PLAIN› [plain] (adjective)
1
plain

2
clear, leaving no room for doubt, forthright
yn blwmp ac yn blaen
in a forthright manner (“directly and plainly”)

siarad yn blwmp ac yn blaen
straight out, frankly (“speak directly and plainly”)
dweud eich meddwl yn blwmp ac yn blaen speak your mind, say what you are thinking, speak without mincing words
plwmp a phlaen (North Wales) plainspoken, forthright, blunt

3
unequivocal
ateb â “na” plaen to answer with a clear “no

:_______________________________.

plaengan plein-gan› feminine noun
PLURAL
plaenganau ‹plein-gAA-ne›
1
plainsong = unaccompanied vocal music sung in unison characteristic of the medieval Church (such as Gregorian chant)
y blaengan the plainsong

ETYMOLOGY: plaen gân (plaen = plain) + soft mutation + (cân = song)

:_______________________________.

 


plaid, pleidiau ‹PLAID, PLEID-yai, -ye› [plaɪd, ˡpləɪdjaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
political party
y blaid the party

:_______________________________.

Plaid Cymru <plaid KƏM-ri> [plaɪd ˡkəmrɪ] (feminine noun)
1
name of the Welsh national party 

 

ETYMOLOGY: (the) Party (of) Wales

:_______________________________.

plaid geidwadol, pleidiau ceidwadol <plaid geid-WAA-dol, pleid-yai, -ye, keid-WAA-dol> [plaɪd gəɪdˡwɑˑdɔl, ˡpləɪdjaɪ, -ɛ, kəɪdˡwɑˑdɔl] (feminine noun)
1
conservative party

Y Blaid Geidwadol the Conservative Party

:_______________________________.

plaid genedlaethol, pleidiau cenedlaethol <plaid ge-ned-LEI-thol, pleid-yai, -ye, ke-ned-LEI-thol> [plaɪd gɛnɛdˡləɪθɔl, ˡpləɪdjaɪ, -ɛ, kɛnɛdˡləɪθɔl] (feminine noun)
1
nationalist party

:_______________________________.

Plaid Genedlaethol Cernyw <plaid ge-ned-LEI-thol KER-niu> [plaɪd gɛnɛdˡləɪθɔl ˡkɛrnɪʊ] (feminine noun)
1
the Cornish Nationalist Party

:_______________________________.

Plaid Genedlaethol Cymru <plaid ge-ned-LEI-thol KƏM-ri> [plaɪd gɛnɛdˡləɪθɔl ˡkəmrɪ] (feminine noun)
1 the “National Party of Wales” - former name of Plaid Cymru

:_______________________________.

Plaid Genedlaethol yr Alban ‹plaid ge-ned-LEI-thol ər AL-ban › [plaɪd gɛnɛdˡləɪθɔl ər ˡalban] (feminine noun)
1
Scottish National Party, SNP

:_______________________________.

plaid lafur, pleidiau llafur <plaid LAA-vir, PLEID-yai, -ye LHAA-vir>

[plaɪd ˡlɑˑvɪr, ˡpləɪdjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡɬɑˑvɪr] (feminine noun)
1 labour party

Y Blaid Lafur the Labour Party

:_______________________________.

plaid ryddfrydol, pleidiau rhyddfrydol <plaid ridh-VRƏ-dol, pleid-yai, -ye, hridh-VRƏ-dol> [plaɪd rɪđˡvrədɔl, ˡpləɪdjaɪ, -ɛ, hrɪđˡvrədɔl] (feminine noun)
1
liberal party

:_______________________________.

plaladdwr <pla-LAA-dhur> [plaˡlɑˑđʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL
plaladdwyr <pla-LADH-wir> [plaˡlađwɪr]
1
pesticide

ETYMOLOGY: (pla = plague) + soft mutation + (lladdwr = killer, substance for killing)


:_______________________________.

planedol <pla-NEE-dol> [plaˡneˑdɔl] adjective
1
planetary

ETYMOLOGY: (planed = planet) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

planedydd <pla-NEE-didh> [plaˡneˑdɪđ] masculine noun
PLURAL
planedyddion <pla-ne-DƏDH-yon> [planɛˡdəđjɔn]
1
astrologer

Deuteronomium 18:10 Na chaffer ynot a wnelo i’w fab, neu i’w ferch, fyned trwy y tân; neu a arfero ddewiniaeth, na phlanedydd, na daroganwr, na hudol,
Deuteronomy 18:10 There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, or that useth divination, or an observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch,

ETYMOLOGY: (planed = planet) + (-ydd noun suffix for indicating a device or an agent)

:_______________________________.

planhigfa <plan-HIG-va> [planˡhɪgva] feminine noun
PLURAL
planhigfaoedd <plan-hig-VEIDH> [planhɪgˡvəɪđ]
1
plantation
y blanhigfa the plantation
planhigfa gotwm cotton plantation

planhigfa binwydd pine plantation
planhigfa ffawydd beech plantation

planhigfa gonwydd conifer plantation

ETYMOLOGY: (planhig-, stem of planhigyn = plant) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)

:_______________________________.

planhigfa rwber <plan-HIG-va RUU-ber> [planˡhɪgva ˡruˑbɛr] feminine noun
PLURAL
planhigféydd rwber <plan-hig-VEIDH RUU-ber> [planhɪgˡvəɪđ ˡruˑbɛr]
1
rubber plantation

:_______________________________.

planhigyn <plan-HII-gin> [planˡhiˑgɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL
planhigion <plan-HIG-yon> [planˡhɪgjɔn]
1
plant;
planhigion blodeuog flowering plants,
planhigion gwyllt wild plants



ETYMOLOGY: planhig-, secondary form of *plannig = plant) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns).

Plannig is (plant- < British < Latin planta = plant) + (-ig suffix)

Cf Welsh plant (= children) < Latin planta (= plant)

:_______________________________.

plannu <PLA-ni> [ˡplanɪ] (verb)
1
to plant
coed newydd eu plannu newly-planted trees

y cedrwydd blannodd yr Arglwydd yn Libanus (Salm Cant a Phedwar / Psalm 104)

 

ETYMOLOGY: (plann- < plant- a plant) + (-u verb suffix)
:_______________________________.

plant <PLANT> [plant] (plural noun)
1
children; see plentyn

:_______________________________.

plas <PLAAS> [plɑːs] masculine noun
PLURAL
plasau <PLA-sai, -e> [ˡplasaɪ, -ɛ]
1
mansion = residence of a nobleman or noblewoman;

2
mansion, as the residence of local gentry (in the 1800s the gentry, even if descended from old Welsh nobility, tended to be Anglican in religion, English in speech, and supporters of the English Conservative Party; and often wealthy landowners, exploiting their tenantry.)

3
Yr Henblas
<ər HEN-blas> [ər ˡhɛnblas] (“the old mansion”)
.....(1) SH9837 mansion in Llandderfel, county of Gwynedd (“Hen-blas”)

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH9837 map


.....(2) SH4272 mansion in Llangristiolus, county of Môn

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH4272

4
merch plas girl who is the daughter of a family living in a mansion, woman who was brought up in a mansion;
merch y plas the daughter of the family in the mansion


Merch plas yn Sir Drefaldwyn oedd fy mam

My mother was brought up in a mansion in the county of Trefaldwyn
(“(it is) (the) daughter (of) (a) mansion in (the) county (of) Trefaldwyn that-was my mother”)

mab plas boy who is the son of a family living in a mansion, man who was brought up in a mansion;
mab y plas the son of the family in the mansion

5
house names - for a terraced house, semi-detached house, detached house, etc in a village or town or city
Plas-hedd (“(the) mansion (of) peace”)

6
in names of buildings housing offices
Concordia Cyf, Plas-gwynt, Clos Sophia, Caer-dydd Concordia Ltd (name of a company), (“(the) mansion (of) (the) wind”), Clos Sophia (street name), Caer-dydd (city name)

7
as an element in street names - the name usually commemorates a nearby mansion or a former mansion on the site or in the vicinity; often with an element indicating a road
Heol Plasnewydd street in Caer-dydd by the old mansion called Plasnewydd (“new mansion / place”)

8
street names - often as an equivalent of English 'place'
Plas Croeso street in Casllwchwr (“(the) place (of) welcome”, “Welcome Place”)
Plas y Delyn street in Caer-dydd (“(the) place (of) the harp”)
Plas Taliesin street in Penárth (“(the) place (of) Taliesin”)
Plas Heddwch street in Y Pil (“(the) place (of) peace”)

 

9 Many mansion names are defined by affixing yn (= in) and the name of a district, or other defining element

....a/ Plas yn Dinas <plaas ən DII-nas> [plɑːs ən ˡdiˑnas], SS2218 Powys

y plas yn y dinas (“the mansion at Y Dinas”)

 

dinas is ‘[hill-]fort’, and refers to earthworks on the site of the mansion

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/568121

 

Also the name of an inn in nearby Llanfechain SJ1820 (“Plas-Yn-Dinas Inn”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/750162 Gwesty Plas yn Dinas

....b/ Plas yn Dre <plaas ən DREE> [plɑːs ən ˡdreː], Dolgellau (“Plas yn Dre”)

y plas yn y dref (“the mansion in the town”)

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/328291 Ffordd Plas yn Dre

 

….c/ Plas yn Iâl <plaas ən YAAL> [plɑːs ən ˡjɑːl], SJ1749 y plas yn Iâl (“the mansion in Iâl”) (“Plâs yn Yale” according to the Ordnance Survey map)

 

A mansion near Bryneglwys (county of Dinbych); the house and estate were formerly in the possession of the Yale family. (Elihu Yale, Wrecsam, who donated funds to the institution that became Yale College in the USA , was from this family)

 

….d/ Plas yn Llan (see entry below)

 

….e/ SJ1261 Plas yn Rhos <plaas ən HROOS> [plɑːs ən ˡhroːs], south of Y Rhos, county of Dinbych. (“Plâs-yn-rhôs” according to the Ordnance Survey map )

y plas yn Y Rhos (“the mansion at Y Rhos”) (rhos = moorland)

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=309065 map

 

….f/ SJ2943 Plas yn Wern <plaas ən WERN> [plɑːs ən ˡwɛrn],, west of Rhiwabon. (“Plas-yn-Wern”)

y plas yn Y Wern (“the mansion at Y Wern”) (gwern = alder-swamp)

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=309065 map

 

10 Plas + the name of the village in which it is situated

Plas Boduan


ETYMOLOGY: Welsh plas < English place (= town house; or a mansion and its grounds) < Old French place < Latin platea < Greek plateia (hodos) (= wide (road))

Sound changes: In Middle English a in open syllables became aa, and many words were borrowed from English into Welsh at this time.

 

Later on in English, circa 1500 aa > ei


Old French “plas” (short vowel) > Middle English “plas” (short vowel) > “plaas” (long vowel) > Welsh plas
<plaas> [plɑːs]

In English
<plaas> [plɑːs] has since become <pleis> [pləɪs], though retaining the French spelling

:_______________________________.

Plas-coch <plaas-KOOKH> [plɑːs ˡkoːx]
1
(SH5168) mansion in Ynys Môn (Gwynedd)
"Plas-coch: this interesting house has long been of importance. At the beginning of the twelfth century it was the residence of Llywarch ab Bran {Brân},, Lord of Cwmmwd Menai... It was called Porthamael till 1569 when Hugh Hughes, Esq, built the present house, which, from the complexion of the stone, acquired the name of Plas Coch (Red Hall)”
(Parry's New Guide to Wales / Edward Parry / 1847)


2 SJ1162 Farm south-east of Llanynys (county of Dinbych) (“Plas Coch”)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=326183 map


ETYMOLOGY: y plas coch “(the) red mansion”
(y definite article) + (plas = mansion) + (coch = red)

:_______________________________.

plasebo, plasebos <pla-SEE-bo, pla-SEE-boz> [plaˡseˑbɔ, plaˡseˑbɔz] (masculine noun)
1
placebo

 

 :_______________________________.

 

Plas-mawr <plaas-MAUR> [plɑːs ˡmaʊr]
1
mansion name, various places

..a/ ST1378 Heol Plas-mawr, Caer-dydd (“Plasmawr Road”)

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/361893

 

..b/ mansion in Conwy SH7877

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/913719

 

..c/ farm SJ1077 by Pen-y-cefn, county of Y Fflint (on map as “Plâs-mawr”, with a circymflex showing that the vowel is long, but according to Welsh spelling convention is unnecessary in monosyllable words with a simple vowel ending in –s)

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/151619

 

..d/ modern building in Brynbuga, county of Mynwy (“Plas Mawr”)

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/960744

 

..e/ House SN6109 near a farm called Y Plas, near Ty^-croes, county of Caerfyrfddin / Carmarthen

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=188533

 

..f/ SH6742 Town house in Carnarfon, now Neuadd y Farchnad (the market hall)

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/367606


ETYMOLOGY: y plas mawr “(the) great mansion, (the) great hall”
(y definite article) + (plas = mansion) + (mawr = big, great)

 :_______________________________.

plastig <PLAS-tig> [ˡplastɪg] masculine noun
PLURAL
plastigau, plastigion <plas-TII-gai, -ge, plas-TIG-yon,> [plasˡtiˑgaɪ, -ɛ, plasˡtɪgjɔn,] 1 plastic = organic compound produced by polymerization

2 (adj) plastic
bŕg plastig plastic bag
clun blastig plastic hip, replacement hip

ETYMOLOGY: English plastic < Latin plasticus (= related to moulding) < Greek plastikos < plastos (= moulded) < plassein (= to form, to mould)


:_______________________________.

Plasybiswail <plaas ə BIS-wail, -wel> [ˡplɑːs ə ˡbɪswaɪl, -ɛl] masculine noun
1
Plasybiswail street name in Llaneirwg (county of Caer-dydd) (spelt “Plas y Biswail” on the street signs)

ETYMOLOGY: (the) mansion (of) the cowdung”, cowdung mansion (plas = mansion) + (y definite article) + (biswail = cattle dung)

NOTE: In the parish of Llaneirwg there is (or there was) a farm called Pwllybiswail (Pwll-y-Biswael, Kelly’s Directory of Monmouthshire, 1901) (“pool of the dung”)

:_______________________________.

Plas-y-llan <plaas-ə-LHAN> [ˡplɑːs ə ˡɬan] masculine noun
1 Name noted by John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911)
“PLAS-Y-LLAN (the mansion by the church.) A house at Whitchurch, the residence of Ignatius WILLIAMS, esq., J.P.”

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) mansion (by) the church”
(plas = mansion) + (y definite article) + (llan = church)
:_______________________________.

Plas yn Llan <plaas-ən-LHAN> [ˡplɑːs ən ˡɬan]
1 place in Cilcain (Sir y Fflint)

2 place in Llanfair Talhaearn (county of Conwy)

3 SJ1155 house in Efenechtyd (county of Dinbych / Denbigh)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/573403

(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)

4 name of a hotel in Llangurig (county of Powys)

5 place in Llansilin (county of Powys)

6 mansion by Llangynhafal church (county of Dinbych)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/135338

ETYMOLOGY: y plas yn y llan “(the) mansion (in) the village”
(y definite article the) + (plas = mansion) + (yn = in) + (y definite article the ) + (llan = parish church; village around the parish church)


:_______________________________.

 

Plasyresgob <plaas-ər-ES-gob> [ˡplɑːs ər ˡɛsgɔb] masculine noun
1 Farm SJ1161 near Llanynys (county of Dinbych) (“Plas-yr-Esgob” on the Ordnance Survey map)

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/135383


ETYMOLOGY: “(the) mansion (of) the bishop”
(plas = mansion) + (yr definite article) + (esgob = bishop)

 


:_______________________________.

plât, platiau <PLAAT, PLAT-yai, -e> [plɑːt, ˡplatjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
plate; see plât rhif

:_______________________________.

platfform, platfformau <PLAT-form, plat-FOR-mai, -e> [ˡplatfɔrm, platˡfɔrmaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
platform

:_______________________________.

plât rhif <plaat HRIIV> [plɑːt ˡhriˑv] masculine noun
PLURAL
platiau rhif <PLAT-yai, -ye, HRIIV> [ˡplatjaɪ, -ɛ, ˡhriːv]
1
(USA: license plate) (Englandic: car number plate, number plate); plaque with the registration number of a car usually carried at the front and at the back;
plât y rhif = the number plate

:_______________________________.

pledio <PLED-yo> [ˡplɛdjɔ] (verb)
1
plead
2
pledio'n euog plead gulity

:_______________________________.

pledren, pledrenni <PLE-dren, ple-DRE-ni> [ˡplɛdrɛn, plɛˡdrɛnɪ] (feminine noun)
1
bladder
y bledren the bladder

:_______________________________.

pledu <PLEE-di> [ˡpleˑdɪ] (verb)
1
(North) throw

:_______________________________.

plegid <PLEE-gid> [ˡpleˑgɪd] (masculine noun)
1
(obsolete) part; cause;
2
oblegid = because

:_______________________________.

pleidleisio <pleid-LEI-sho> [pləɪdˡləɪʃɔ] (verb)
1
to vote

:_______________________________.

plennydd <PLEE-nidh> [ˡpleˑnɪđ] masculine noun
1 radiance, light

Occurs as a pseudonym in an eisteddfod in 1858

“Plenydd” being called upon, he emerged in the person of the Rev. John Williams ab Ithel, one of the most profound scholars and antiquaries in this country (Cambrian Journal p 276 – “Llangollen Eisteddfod”)

2 (adjective) fine, splendid (an example from the 1200s is quoted in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / The University of Wales Dictionary)

ETYMOLOGY: Occurs as plenydd in 1803 in Owen-Pughe’s Dictionary of the Welsh Language as a noun (= radiance, light). Probably a variant of ysblennydd (= splendid).

:_______________________________.

plentyn <PLEN-tin> [ˡplɛntɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL
plant <PLANT> [plant]
1
child = baby, infant
cael plentyn have a child

2
child = young boy or young girl

blant (vocative form - has soft mutation) dewch, blant! come here, you children!

clinig cyfarwyddo plant child guidance clinic

clinig lles plant child welfare clinic

dalfa blant remand home = place of detention for juvenile offenders aged from the age of 8 to 14

da 'mhlant i! well done, my children!

ni blant we children
...Rwy'n cofio Taid yn adrodd yr hanes droeon wrthon ni blant
...I remember grandfather telling us the story many times to us children

plant mân little children

plentyn crwn, plant crynion child (“round child”)

plentyn siawns illegitimate child, bastard (“child (of) chance”)

 

NOTE: (1) [ Olde Cheshire Dialecte. http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm

chance-child, chance-chilt : child born out of wedlock ]


rhoi rhaff i'r plentyn let a child have too much of its own way (“give a rope to the child”)

yr hen blant the kids

y plantos the kids

wylo fel plentyn cry like a child

3
child = minor, person having not yet reached the age of majority

plant a phobl ifanc children and young people

na dyn mewn oed na phlentyn neither adult nor child

Plant yn ni eto o dan ein hoed We're still children at heart however old we may be (“(it) is children that we are still under our age”)

plentyn ysgol, plant ysgol
<plen-tin Ə-skol, plant Ə-skol> [ˡplɛntɪn ˡəskɔl, ˡplant ˡəskɔl] schoolchild

4 son or daughter of any age
Mae ei phlant dros eu hanner cant erbyn hyn His children are over fifty now

5 chwarae plant child’s play, kids’ stuff, something very easy

6 gofalwr plant (m) childminder
gofalwraig plant (f) childminder

8 plentyn anghyfreithlon illegitimate child
plentyn siawns lovechild (“child (of) chance”)
(South) plentyn serch lovechild (“child (of) love / passion”)
(South) plentyn trwy’r llwyn lovechild (“child through the bush”)
(North) plentyn llwyn a pherth lovechild (“child (of) bush and thicket”)

ETYMOLOGY: plant < British < Latin planta (= plant) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns to make a singular form out of a collective noun or plural noun) with a change of vowel a > e under the influence of the yn of the suffix

:_______________________________.

plentyndod <plen-TƏN-dod> [plɛnˡtəndɔd] (masculine noun)
1
childhood

:_______________________________.

pleser <PLE-ser> [ˡplɛsɛr] masculine noun
PLURAL
pleserau <ple-SEE-rai, -e> [plɛˡseˑraɪ, -ɛ]
1
pleasure = state of being pleased, feeling of enjoyment

cael pleser wrth (wneud rhywbeth) get pleasure from (doing)

cael pleser mawr wrth get great pleasure from (doing)

cael pleser o find pleasure in

cael pleser yn (rhywbeth) take pleasure in something, derive pleasure from something, find pleasure in something

pleser neilltuol exceptional pleasure, great pleasure

rhoi pleser i give pleasure to

Dymunwn gael pleser eich cwmni We request the pleasure of your company (“we desire (the) getting (the) pleasure (of) your company”)

2
Pa bleser sydd genyt i'm poenydio?
Why do you take pleasure in vexing me?

3 pleasure = an activity giving enjoyment; a source of enjoyment
pęl-droed yw ei hoff bleser
football is his great pleasure (“his favoured pleasure”)

4 llong bleser pleasure boat = boat which makes short trips for holidaymakers

5 ffair bleser funfair

6 Mae'n bleser i fi... It gives me pleasure to...

7 cyfuno busnes â phleser combine business with pleasure

8 bod yn bleser to be a pleasure
Roedd yn bleser darllen ei erthygl It was a pleasure to read his article

9 gyda phleser
<gii-da FLE-ser> [ˡgiˑda ˡflɛsɛr] (adverb) with pleasure

ETYMOLOGY: English pleser (obsolete variant of pleasure) < French, use of the Latin infinitive plâcere (= to please) as a noun

 

Modern French: plaisir (= pleasure)

:_______________________________.

pleserus <ple-SEE-ris> [plɛseˑrɪs] (adjective)
1
pleasurable

:_______________________________.

plesio <PLE-sho> [ˡplɛʃɔ] (verb)
1
to please


2
Siôn plesio pawb a man who tries to please everybody (“John (of) pleasing everybody”)


3 Does dim plesio arno He just can’t be pleased, There’s no pleasing him

(i.e. he’s dissatisfied whatever you do for him, he’ll complain no matter what you for him)

(“there’s no pleasing on him”)

:_______________________________.

pleth, plethau / plethi <PLEETH, PLEE-thai, -the, PLE-thi> [pleˑθ, ˡpleˑθɛ, ˡpleˑθaɪ, ˡpleˑθɪ] (feminine noun)
1
plait, tress
y bleth the tress

:_______________________________.

plethu <PLEE-thi> [ˡpleˑθɪ] (verb)
1
plait

:_______________________________.

plicio <PLIK-yo> [ˡplɪkjɔ] (verb)
1
pluck

:_______________________________.

plisgyn <PLI-skin> [ˡplɪskɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL
plisg <PLISK> [plɪsk]
1
(North Wales) plisgyn cneuen nutshell


plisgyn ŵy eggshell = hard protective layer of a bird's egg

2 (electron) shell

ETYMOLOGY: (plisg = shell) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns)
plisg < British

From the same British root: Cornish pliskenn (= husk, pod), Breton: pluskenn (= bark)


From the same Celtic root in the Hibernian languages: Irish blaosc (= eggshell, nutshell, seashell), escocčs plaosg

NOTE: See also plisgen


In the south plishgyn, with sh

:_______________________________.

plisman, plismyn <PLIS-man, PLIS-min> [ˡplɪsman, ˡplɪsmɪn] (masculine noun)
1
policeman (South Wales)

:_______________________________.

plismon, plismyn <PLIS-mon, PLIS-min> [ˡplɪsmɔn, ˡplɪsmɪn] (masculine noun)
1
polieman (North Wales)

2
plismon plant
<plis-mon PLANT> [ˡplɪsmɔn ˡplant] truancy officer ('policeman for children')

:_______________________________.

plismona <plis-MOO-na> [ˡplɪsmoˑna] (verb)
1
to do policing duties

 

plismona cymdogaeth to police a neighbourhood

:_______________________________.

plismones, plismonesau <plis-MOO-nes, plis-mo-NE-sai, -e> [plɪsˡmoˑnɛs, plɪsmɔneˑsaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
policewoman
y blismones the policewoman

:_______________________________.

plismyn <PLIS-min> [ˡplɪsmɪn] (plural noun)
1
policemen; plural of plismon

:_______________________________.

ploryn <PLOO-rin> [ˡploˑrɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL
plorynnod, plorod <plo--nod, PLOO-rod> [plɔˡrənɔd, ˡploˑrɔd]
1
pimple = pustule from inflammation of the skin

2 mynd yn blorod come out in pimples

Roedd ei wyneb yn blastar o blorod a phennau duon
His face was covered in (“was a plaster of”) pimples and blackheads

3 in referring to something unsightly
Roedd y bynglo newydd fel ploryn mawr haerllug ar war y bryn
The new bungalow was like a large brazen pimple on the hillcrest

ETYMOLOGY: (plôr = (obsolete) dust, pimples) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns to make a singular form out of a collective noun)

:_______________________________.

plotyn <PLO-tin> [ˡplɔtɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL
plotau <PLO-tai, -e> [ˡplɔtaɪ, -ɛ]
1
(South-east Wales) eyepatch

ETYMOLOGY: (plot = piece) + (-yn diminutive suffix); plot < English blot (unknown origin)

 

:_______________________________.

plu <PLII> [pliː] (plural noun)
1
feathers; a form of pluf. See plufyn


:_______________________________.

pluf <PLIIV > [pliːv] (plural noun)
1
feathers, See plufyn

:_______________________________.

pluen, plu <PLII-en, -PLII> [ˡpliˑɛn, pliː] (feminine noun)
1
feather
2 lladd â phluen (“kill with (a) feather”) damn with faint praise

:_______________________________.

plufyn, pluf (plu') <PLII-vin, PLIIV, PLII> [ˡpliˑvɪn, pliːv, pliː] (masculine noun)
1
feather

2 â’ch pen yn eich plu (“with your head in your feathers”) dejected, miserable, unhappy, crestfallen

 

3 mor ysgafn â phlufyn as light as a feather

 

4 Y Deryn Du A'i Blufyn Sidan the blackbird and its silken plumage (“feather”) (name of a folksong)

Y Deryn Du A'i Blufyn Shitan (south-eastern form)

In North Wales monosyllables with final [v] tend to lose this final consonant.

Thus pluf > plu, cof (memory) > co, gof (smith) > go, haf (summer) > ha


:_______________________________.

pluog <PLII-og> [ˡpliˑɔg] adjective
1
feathered
da pluog poultry (“featherd goods”)
gwerthwr da pluog poulterer

ETYMOLOGY: (plu = feathers) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)


:_______________________________.

 

PLURAL SUFFIX + SINGULATIVE SUFFIX

 

The simple singular form of some words is abandoned in favour of a new singular form based on the plural form

 

1 llyg > llygod (= mice) > llygoden (= mouse)

llyg however is used in the sense of ‘shrew’

 

2 pi > piod (= magpies) > pioden (= magpie)

 

BUT for pysgod (= fishes), pysgodyn (= a fish), see pysgödyn

 


:_______________________________.

plwca <PLU-ka> [ˡplʊka] masculine noun
1
sludge, mud, mire; boggy place, miry place

2 (adjctive) muddy, miry;
dŵr plwca muddy water

3 (Place Names)
..a/ Plwca Halog (old field name, Caer-dydd) (“dirty mire”); Heol y Plwca (“road of the mire”) (street name by this field, Caer-dydd, in English “City Road”);

..b/ Plas Plwca house name, Cwmrheidol, Ceredigion

plas y plwca (“the mansion by Y Plwca / by the miry place”)


Pompren Plwca (“Pontbren Plwca) place by Pontarfynach / Devil’s Bridge (Ceredigion)
pompren y plwca (“the footbridge by Y Plwca / by the miry place”)


..c/ Plwcadafydd, farm in Tredodrij (Bro Morgannwg) (“mire of Dafydd / David”)

..d/ Pwllyplwca place in Llaneirwg (“pool of the mire”) on Heol Werngethin ("Pwll-y-plwcca" in Kelly’s Directory of Monmouthshire, 1901)


ETYMOLOGY: from English, probably plucky (with the obsolete sense “heavy, clogging, adhesive”)

:_______________________________.

plwcan <PLU-kan> [ˡplʊkan] masculine noun
1
(South Wales) throb

ETYMOLOGY: (plwc = jerk, throb) + (-an = suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

plwg clust <plug KLIST> [ plʊg ˡklɪst] masculine noun
PLURAL
plygiau clust <PLƏG-yai, -ye KLIST> [ˡpləgjaɪ, -ɛ ˡklɪst] 1 ear plug

ETYMOLOGY: translation of English “ear plug”; (plwg = plug) + (clust = ear)

:_______________________________.

plwm <PLUM> [plʊm] masculine noun
1
mor drwm â phlwm as heavy as lead

2 lead = lead bullets
peledi plwm lead shot
llond ei gorff o blwm poeth
his body riddled with hot lead

3 gwaith plwm lead mine
gwythďen blwm seam of lead

4 dalen blwm sheet of lead
dalennau plwm sheet lead

5 plwm coch red lead, red oxide of lead
plwm gwyn white lead

6 di-blwm lead free

7 gwenwyno â phlwm lead poisoning (“poisoning with lead”)

8 llinyn plwm plumb line = string with a lead weight on one end for testing if a wall etc is perpendicular

9 plymen plummet (lead weight)

10 suddo fel plwm sink like a stone (“sink like lead / like a lead weight”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh plwm < British < Latin plumb-um
from the same British root:
Cornish plomm (= lead), Breton plom (= lead)

:_______________________________.

plwmp <PLUMP> [plʊmp] (adjective)
1
plainspoken, forthright, blunt


2
plwmp a phlaen (North Wales) plainspoken, forthright, blunt


3
yn blwmp ac yn blaen straight out, frankly (“say directly and plainly”)


dweud eich meddwl yn blwmp ac yn blaen speak your mind, say what you are thinking, speak without mincing words

ETYMOLOGY: English plump (= blunt, direct, forthright)

:_______________________________.

plwnsh <PLUNSH> [plʊnʃ]  (m?)
1
plunge

 

 

The Treatment of English Borrowed Words in Colloquial Welsh / Thomas Powel  / Y Cymmrodor Vol. VI 1883. / p132
 
The following paper is an attempt to give a general account 
of the use and treatment of English words in the colloquial 
Welsh of the present day. Most of the statements here made 
are applicable to the whole of Welsh-speaking Wales; but 
the paper treats more particularly of the dialect spoken, with 
slight variations, in the Counties of Brecon, Caermarthen, 
and the greater part of Cardigan. 


 
 
 
 
(b.) G fěnal after n becomes sh: mansh (mange), plwnsh 
(plunge), ffrensh, (fringe, fr. M.E. ' frange'), spwnsh (O.E. 
spunge); challenge becomes shalens, by dissimilation. 

 

:_______________________________.

plwyf, plwyfi <PLUIV, PLUI-vi> [plʊɪv, ˡplʊɪvɪ] (masculine noun)
1
parish

2 byw ar y plwyf live on charity (“live on the parish”)

 

3 Pen-isa’r-plwyf place name

pen isaf y plwyf “(the) bottom end (of) the parish”

(pen = head, end) + (isaf = bottommost)

 

..a/ Pen-isha-plwydd SO3423. See comments on plwydd below

 

4 Pen-ucha’r-plwyf place name

pen uchaf y plwyf “(the) top end (of) the parish”

(pen = head, end) + (uchaf = topmost)

 

..a/ Hamlet SJ1772 by Bwcle, in the county of Y Fflint

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=335177

(On the map spelt “Pen Uchar Plwyf”)

 

5 Colloquially it may also occur as plwydd

“pen isaf y plwyf”

It is also to be seen in the farm name Pen-isha-plwydd SO3423 by Y Pandy in the county of Mynwy (Penishaplwydd on the Ordnance Survey map) (One might expect “Penisharplwydd” with the definite article, but see below),

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=201060 map


..a/ pen isaf y plwyf “(the) lower end (of) the parish”, the bottom of the parish > pen isa’r plwyf A final f [v] in polysyllables is lost in spoken Welsh; the definite article yr is y when it is between consonants, but reverts to yr after a vowel, and the vowels ‘y’ is lost and the remaining conasonant coalesces with the preceding word (isa + yr) > (isa’r)

..b/ pen isa’r plwyf > pen isha’r plwyf is South Wales an s preceded by of followed by an i is palatalised: s > sh. Hence isa > isha

..c/ pen isha’r plwyf > pen isha’r plwydd In South Wales, a dialect variant of plwyf is plwydd. This change of f [v] > dd [đ] occurs in some other words in Welsh. See the entry f > dd, on page F

..d/ pen isha’r plwyf > pen isha plwydd In place names, the linking definite article is often dropped.

 

NOTE: Some Points of Similarity in the Phonology of Welsh and Breton, 
T.H. Parry-Williams, 1913
In W[elsh], however, the interchange of f and dd is quite common, especially in the dial[ect]s…
One example given of the change dd > f is plwyf (parish) > plwydd
 

 :_______________________________.

plygain <PLƏ-gain, -gen> [ˡpləgaɪn, -ɛn] masculine noun
PLURAL
plygeiniau <plə-GEIN-yai, -e> [pləˡgəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (obsolete) cockcrow


2 (obsolete) daybreak
ym mhlygain y bore drannoeth at dawn the following day

3 pre-dawn matins on Christmas Day (the service began between three and six o’ clock)
also: gwasanaeth plygain
carol plygain matin song (sung on Christmas morning)

4 plygeiniol very early
yn blygeiniol (adv) very early in the morning

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh plygain < plygein < pylgein < British *pulkant-i-


< Latin pullkantio < pullikantio (= cockcrow), pullus (= chicken) + cantâre, frequentative form of canere (= to sing)


Breton pellgent (= cockcrow), oferenn ar pelgent (= midnight mass)

:_______________________________.

plygeiniol <plə-GEIN-yol> [pləˡgəɪnjɔl] adj
1 very early, at the crack of dawn
Gadewais Drefeca yn blygeiniol, am bump y gloch y bore I left Trefeca at the crack of dawn, at five in the morning

ETYMOLOGY: (plygein- = penult-syllable form of plygain = cockcrow) + (-iol, suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

plygu <PLƏ-gi> [ˡpləgɪ] (verb)
1
to fold

:_______________________________.

plymer <PLƏ-mer> [ˡpləmɛr] masculine noun
PLURAL
plymeriaid <plə-MER-yaid, -yed> [pləˡmɛrjaɪd, -ɛd]
1
plumber
Roedd Taid yn blymar yn Nolgellau ac yn botsiwr o fri
My grandfather was a plumber in Dolgellau and an accomplished poacher

criw o blymars a group of plumbers

rhoi help llaw i Jôs y plymar give a helping hand to Jones the plumber

ETYMOLOGY: English plumber < French (cf modern French plombier = plumber) < Latin plumbum (= lead)


NOTE: (1) also plymyr
<PLƏ-mər> [ˡpləmər]; (2) in the north-west plymar (in this zona a final e becomes a; (3) in the south-east, plwmwr <PLU-mur> [ˡplʊmʊr] (qv)

:_______________________________.

plymfomio <pləm-VOM-yo> [pləmˡvɔmjɔ] verb
1
divebomb

ETYMOLOGY: (plym-, stem of plymio = plummet, drop like a lead weight; dive) + soft mutation + (bomio = to bomb)

:_______________________________.

plymio <PLƏM-yo> [ˡpləmjɔ] (verb)
1
to dive
2 plymio i’r ddaear (plane) crash (“plummet to the ground”)

:_______________________________.

plymiwr <PLƏM-yur> [ˡpləmjʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL
plymwyr <PLƏM-wir> [ˡpləmwɪr]
1
diver
2
(sometimes) plumber (standard Welsh: plymer)

ETYMOLOGY: (plym-, stem of plymio = to dive) + (-i-o = suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

plwmwr <PLU-mur> [ˡplʊmʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL
plymwyr <PLUM-wir> [ˡplʊmwɪr]
1
(South-east Wales) plumber (standard Welsh: plymer)

ETYMOLOGY: plwmwr < plymiwr (= plumber)
(plym-, stem of plymio = work with lead, work as a plumber) + (-i-wr = agent suffix)
NOTE: (1) in the south the semi-consonant i at the beginning of the final syllable is lost; (2) and the change w > y in the penult does not occur

:_______________________________.

plymwyr <PLƏM-wir> [ˡpləmwɪr]
1
divers; plural of plymiwr (= diver)
2
plumbers; plural of plwmwr (= plumber), a south-eastern form (standard Welsh: plymer)

:_______________________________.

pnawn <PNAUN> [ˡpnaʊn] (masculine noun)
1
afternoon

< prydnawn
:_______________________________.

po <POO> [poː]
1
particle used before a superlative adjective in phrases of equative increase (corresponding to the pattern “the more the merrier; the smaller the better; the older he gets, the dafter he gets, etc in English)

It is followed by the soft mutation and the superlative form of the adjective.


Po gryfaf yr arogl, wel, gorau oll The stronger the smell, so much the better

Also in a number of fixed expressions:
Gorau i gyd po gyntaf The sooner the better

Po ddyfnaf fo’r afon, lleiaf oll ei thrwst Still waters run deep (“be it deepest that-is the river, all the least its noise”)

Po dynnaf y llinyn, cyntaf y tyr the tighter a string, the sooner it snaps

Po fwyaf y llanw, mwyaf oll y llai The higher they go, the harder they fall (“be it greatest the incoming tide, the greatest all the outgoing tide”)

Po lyfnaf y bo’r dŵr, dyfnaf fydd y rhyd Still waters run deep (“be it smoothest that-is the water, the deepest the ford will be”)

po hynaf y dyn, gwaethaf ei bwyll > po hyna’r dyn, gwaetha’i bwyll the older a man is, the less sense he has, no fool like an old fool (“the older the man, worse his reason” )

Cofiant Matthews, Ewenni, John James Morgan, 1922, p397

“A gymerwch chi lasied o ddiod fain, Mr Matthews?”

“Goreu i gyd po feina’ bo hi,” oedd ei ateb

                             “Will you have a glass of small beer (i.e. beer with a very low alcoholic content), Mr Matthews?”

“The smaller it is, the better,” was his answer (“all the better the thinner it may be”)

 

gorau po hwyred iddo fod the later it is the better


ETYMOLOGY: A form of bo (= it might be), third person present subjunctive of bod (= to be) – the initial consonant b has become unvoiced > p

:_______________________________.

pob <POOB> [poːb] (determiner)
1
each, every

2 gyda phob parch i chi with all due respect (“with every respect to you”)

3 In sayings, with the pattern (qualifier) + (pob / every) + (subject)
Angof pob absen Out of sight, out of mind (“oblivion every absence”)
Ffôl pob tlawd (“a fool every poor man”) every poor man is foolish, poverty comes from foolishness

4 y tu hwnt i bob amheuaeth beyond doubt (“beyond all doubt”)

5 in phrases when wishing somebody something
Pob hwyl i ti! I wish you well ! (“every emotion for you / to you”)
Pob llwyddiant i ti! I wish you success ! (“every success for you / to you”)

Pob dymuniad gorau i chi I wish you all the best (“every good wish for you / to you”)

Pob bendith i chi I wish you every blessing (“every blessing for you / to you”)

Pob bendith a llwyddiant i chi I wish you every blessing and success (“every blessing and success for you / to you”)

Pob lwc i chi Good luck to you! I wish you the best of luck! (“every luck for you / to you”)

 

mae pob croeso i chi gysylltu â ni you are very welcome to contact us

 

6 at the head of adverbial phrases, pob > bob
(RULE: the initial consonant of the first word of an adverbial phrase undergoes soft mutation)

pob bore every morning

Mae pob bore yn wahanol Every morning is different

Bob bore (adverbial phrase) every morning

Fe fyddwn i’n mynd yno bob bore I used to go there every morning

 

7 ym mhob twll a chornel in every nook and cranny (“in ever hole and corner”)


:_______________________________.

pob dim ‹poob DIM› (pronoun)
1
everything
2 eich boddháu ym mhob dim to satisfy your every wish (“satisfy you in everything”)

:_______________________________.

pobi ‹PO bi› (verb)
1
to bake

2 Anodd pobi heb flawd “(it is) difficult baking without flour” it is difficult or impossible to do something unless you have the necessary material

 

Equivalent expressions in English - No bricks without straw, Even the Israelites could not make bricks without straw, you can’t make bricks without straw.

 

(The origin of the English expressions is explained by E. Cobham Brewer (1810–1897). Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898.

 

To attempt to do something without having the necessary material supplied. The allusion is to the Israelites in Egypt, who were commanded by their taskmasters so to do. (Exodus v. 7.))

 

See priddfaen (= brick)


:_______________________________.

pobl, pobloedd ‹PO bol, PO blodh› (feminine noun)
1
people = persons;
y bobl the people

2 people = tribe, nation

3 y bobl gyffredin
ə BO bol gə FRE din› the general public

4 un o’r bobl brin hynny sydd... one of the few people who...
NOTE: Often written to reflect its pronunciation - pobol

:_______________________________.

poblen po-blen› feminine noun
PLURAL
poblenni, pobls ‹po-ble-ni, po-bəls›
South Wales (in the area of the rivers Aman and Tawe)
1
pebble
y boblen the pebble


Nid ti yw’r unig boblen ar y traeth You’re not the only pebble on the beach (there are plenty of other girls to choose from)


Pwll y Boblen (“(the) pool (of) the pebble”) a pool in the stream called Nant y Groes (the stream of / by the cross), near Y Garnant
SN6813

ETYMOLOGY: English pobble, variant of pebble < Old English papolstaan (papol = ?pebble) + (staan = stone)


NOTE: In the county of Penfro in the south-west, and in eastern Morgannwg, in the south-east, the form in use is poplen, popls and also poplisen, poplis

:_______________________________.

poblogaeth ‹po-blo-geth› feminine noun
PLURAL
poblogaethau ‹po-blo-gei-the›
1
population = all the people of a country, city, etc
y boblogaeth the population

2 trwch y bobolgaeth the majority of the population
Cyn hir bydd trwch poblogaeth Cymru yn siarad yr iaith unwaith eto
Before long the great majority of the population of Wales will speak Welsh once again

3 population = a number representing the total of a population
Yr oedd dros hanner can miliwn o boblogaeth i'w rheoli o Fienna y pryd hwnnw
There were more than fifty million people governed from Vienna at that time (“half a hundred million of population”)

4 Ecology population = group of the same species in an area

5 Statistics population = total number of items from which samples are taken

6 gorboblogaeth overpopulation, an excessive population in regard to available resources, comfort, chances of survival

7 tanboblogaeth underpopulation, an inadequate population to ensure survival or to use available resources efficiently

8 tenau eich poblogaeth sparsely-populated (“thin your population”)

Camp nid bychan yw codi Ł180,000 i gynnal Prifwyl yr Urdd a hynny mewn ardal denau ei phoblogaeth fel gogledd Penfro
It is no easy effort to raise Ł180,000 to celebrate the eisteddfod of the Welsh League of Youth in a sparsely-populated area like the north of Penfro

ETYMOLOGY: (poblog = populated) + (-aeth suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

pobman ‹POB man› (adverb)
1
everywhere
Ma fa â'i big miwn i bobman He's a real busybody, He’s really nosy (“he’s with his beak/ nose in everywhere”)

:_______________________________.

pobun ‹POO bin› (pronoun)
1
everyone
dweud wrth bawb a phobun am (rywbeth) to tell all and sundry about

:_______________________________.

pob peth ‹poob peeth
1
every type of thing, all kinds of things
gwerthwr pob peth general dealer

ETYMOLOGY: (pob = every) + (peth = thing)

:_______________________________.

pobol ‹PO bol› (feminine noun)
1
see: pobl

:_______________________________.

pob peth ‹poob PEETH› (masculine noun)
1
everything
2
Mae pob peth wrth lygad lleidr Opportunity makes the thief (“everything is in the eye of a thief”)

:_______________________________.

pob un ‹poob IIN› (pronoun)
1
everyone

2 pob un ohonynt
‹poob iin o-ho-nint› every one of them, every single one of them
Lladdwyd pob un ohonynt Every one of them was killed

:_______________________________.

pobydd, pobyddion ‹PO bidh, po BƏDH yon› (masculine noun)
1
baker

:_______________________________.

poced, pocedau ‹PO ked, po KE de› (masculine noun)
1
pocket

2 pocket - as the place where one carries one's money
Mae mwy yn ei boced nag yn ei ben

He’s got more money than sense (“there’s more in his pocket than in his head”)
byw ym mhoced rhywun
live by sponging off others (“live in (the) pocket (of) someone”)

3 lleidr pocedi pickpocket
pigwr pocedi pickpocket

:_______________________________.

poen, poenau ‹POIN, POI ne› (masculine noun)
1
pain

2 Roedd ei wyneb wedi ei ddirdynnu gan boen His face was contorted with pain

3 Mae’n boen enaid imi ddweud hyn It grieves me to say this (“it is pain (of) soul for me saying this”)

:_______________________________.

poeni ‹POI ni› (verb)
1
be worried

:_______________________________.

poenus ‹POI nis› (adjective)
1
painful

:_______________________________.

poeri ‹POI ri› (verb)
1
to spit

poeri ar eich pilyn eich hun poi-ri ar i bII-lin i hiin
cut off your nose to spite your face (“spit on your own piece of clothing”)

:_______________________________.

poeriad poir-yad› masculine noun
PLURAL
poeriadau ‹poir-yAA-de›
1 spit = globule of spit, phlegm
poeriadau llysnafeddog slimy globules of spit

2 spit = act of spitting

3 (South Wales) bod yr un boerad â be the spitting image of, be the spit and image of (“be the same spit as”)
Mae Gwilym yr un boerad â’i dad Gwilym is the spitting image of his dad


Cf North Wales yn un ffunud â (“the same form / shape as”)


Cf South Wales yr un sbit â (“the same spit as”)

ETYMOLOGY: (South Wales) poerad (In many words in the South the initial
‹y› of the final syllable is lost)
:_______________________________.

poerwr poi-rur› masculine noun
PLURAL
poerwyr poir-wir›
1 spitter, somebody who spits, somenbody who has spat

ETYMOLOGY: (poer- stem of poeri = to spit) + (-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

poeth ‹POITH› (adjective)
1
hot

2
(South Wales) purboeth burning hot
(pur = pure) + soft mutation + (poeth = hot)

3
pan oedd y taro boethaf when the battle was at its height, at its most intense (“when the striking was hottest”)

4
burnt
(in hill and field names, poeth probably has the sense of 'having a thin soil so that the grass is easily scorched by the sun')

..a/ Y Foel Boeth “the burnt hill”
(SH7834) mountain in Gwynedd (or the former county of Meirionnydd) (between Trawsfynydd and Llanuwchllyn)
(SH8642) mountain in Gwynedd (or the former county of Meirionnydd) (north of Llyn Celyn)

..b/ Dôl-boeth “the burnt meadow”
street name (spelt “Dolboeth”) in Llanrhystud (county of Ceredigion)

5
Tre-boeth (place name) “burnt tręv”
(tref = ‘tręv’, farmstead) + soft mutation + (poeth = burnt). The exact meaning in uncertain. It could refer either to the tręv (because at some period the buildings burned) or to the warm soil of the tręv

 

Cf the English place name Burnthouse (which refers to a house destoyed by fire)


..1/ (SS6596) locality in the county of Abertawe (Gorllewin Morgannwg)
Local form: Tre-booth (in South Wales, oe
‹oi› in monosyllables regularly becomes a long ‘o’)

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS6596 map


..2/ (SJ4165) Handbridge; district of Chester, England, south of the River Dyfrdwy

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ4165 map


6
(place name) Pentre-poeth (qv)
“pentre poeth” - a burnt area near the boundary of a township (Welsh Medieval Society / T Jones Pierce / 1972 / p136)


(pentre / pentref village; formerly ‘edge of a tręv or township’) + (poeth (older Welsh) = burnt; (modern Welsh) = hot)

7 chwilboeth (drink, food) burning hot, piping hot

Roedd y te’n chwilboeth The tea was burning hot
(chwil = reeling, turning, wild; used as an intensifier before an adjective, meaning “extremely, very”) + soft mutation + ( poeth = hot)

8 cochboeth red-hot (cooler than yellow-hot and white-hot)
(coch = red) + soft mutation + ( poeth = hot)

9 melynboeth yellow-hot, orange-hot (the stage intermediate between red-hot and white-hot in heating metals) (melyn = yellow) + soft mutation + ( poeth = hot)

:_______________________________.

poethder ‹POITH der› (masculine noun)
1
heat

:_______________________________.

poethfan poith-van› masculine noun
PLURAL
poethfannau ‹poith-va-ne›
1
hot place, parched place


Jeremeia 17:6 Canys efe a fydd fel y grug yn y diffeithwch, ac ni węl pan ddęl daioni; eithr efe a gyfanhedda boethfannau yn yr anialwch, mewn tir hallt ac anghyfanheddol
Jeremiah 17:6 For he shall be like the heath in the desert, and shall not see when good cometh; but shall inhabit the parched places in the wilderness, in a salt land and not inhabited.

ETYMOLOGY: (poeth = hot) + soft mutation + (man = place)

:_______________________________.

poethlyn poith-lin› m
1
(obsolete) alcohol; liquor; brandy which has been heated, hot brandy

ETYMOLOGY: (poeth = hot) + soft mutation + (llyn = liquid)

:_______________________________.

points ‹POINTS›
1
meeting, date

:_______________________________.

polan po l-an› masculine noun
PLURAL
polaniaid ‹po-lan-yed›
1
(Coregonus autumnalis) pollan

ETYMOLOGY: English pollan < Irish pollán (=
Coregonus pollan) < (poll = lake) + (suffix -án)

:_______________________________.

polas po-las› feminine noun
1
filly See: eboles

:_______________________________.

poles po-les› feminine noun
1
filly See: eboles

:_______________________________.

poliad pol-yad› masculine noun
1
(South-east Wales) polad haircut

ETYMOLOGY: (pol- stem of polio to shave the head) + (-iad suffix for forming nouns)
NOTE: in the south-east, the
‹y› at the beginning of a final syllable is usually lost poliad > polad

:_______________________________.

polio pol-yo› verb
1
shave the head

ETYMOLOGY: (English poll = to shave the head, < poll = head) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

polon po-lon›
1 Southern form of polion (= poles), plural of polyn (= pole)

NOTE: In the south, often the suffix -ion > -on (the initial
‹y› of the first syllable is generally lost in South Wales). Hence polion > polon
In Gorseinon (county of Abertawe) there is a street called Rhydypolon (“Rhyd y Polon”). This is possibly (not having looked at earlier forms of the name) “(the) ford (of) the poles”

:_______________________________.

pôl piniwn ‹pool pin-yun› masculine noun
PLURAL
polau piniwn -le pin-yun›
1
opinion poll
gwneud pôl piniwn ar hela llwynogod
carry out an opinion poll on hunting foxes (“make an opinion poll on...)

ETYMOLOGY: pôl < English poll from a Low German word 1700- ‘counting of heads; person’s head’; piniwn < opiniwn < English opinion; the expression pôl piniwn is a direct translation of English opinion poll

:_______________________________.

polion ‹POL yon› (plural noun)
1
poles; see polyn

:_______________________________.

polîs ‹po LIIS› (masculine noun)
1
(colloquial) police

:_______________________________.

polyn, polion ‹PO lin, POL yon› (masculine noun)
1
pole

2 polyn lamp, poliau lamp
‹po lin LAMP, pol ye LAMP›
lamp post

NOTE: In the south, often the suffix -ion > -on (the initial
‹y› of the first syllable is generally lost in South Wales). Hence polion > polon
In Gorseinon (county of Abertawe) there is a street called Rhydypolon (“Rhyd y Polon”). This is possibly (not having looked at earlier forms of the name) “(the) ford (of) the poles”

:_______________________________.

polyn lein pô-lin lein masculine noun
PLURAL
polion lein pol-yon lein
1
clothes pole, pole for the clothes line
fel polyn lein (North Wales) thin (“like a clothes pole”)

ETYMOLOGY: (polyn = pole) + (lein = line)

:_______________________________.

pom pom
1 a
form of pont (= bridge) in some local pronunciations of place names.
The change n > m can occur before p, b, ff
‹f›, f ‹v›
(1) Y Bont-faen (county of Bro Morgannwg) > Pom-ffään
(2) Pont-y-pridd (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) > Pom-pridd
(3) Also: pónt-bren > pompren (= footbridge)

:_______________________________.

Pom-ffään ‹pom-fään
1
local name of Y Bont-faen (county of Bro Morgannwg) (ää as the vowel in English ‘fair, blare, wear and tear’, etc)

:_______________________________.

pompran pom-pran› feminine noun
North-west Wales
South-east Wales
y bompran the footbridge
See: pompren

:_______________________________.

pompren pom-pren› feminine noun
PLURAL
pomprennau ‹pom-pre-ne›

1
footbridge, plank bridge over a stream or river.

y bompren the footbridge
It occurs in minor place names.
As a first element in place names, see entries below (Pomprenffeirad, Pompren-llwyd, etc) .
Example as a second element in place names:
...(a) Penypompren (the) end (of) the footbridge; dwelling in the parish of Llangynfelyn, Ceredigion (Source: Census for the year 1851)

2
footbridge = bridge over railway tracks linking platforms in a railway station
Sign indicating the footbridge in Casnewydd railway station, south-east Wales, noted 24.08.2002 “Via Footbridge / Ar Hyd y Bompren

3
gangway, gangplank = portable bridge on a quayside for entering or leaving a ship

4
South-east Wales pompren yr ysgwydd collar bone, clavicle (“bridge of the shoulder”)

ETYMOLOGY: “bridge-tree”, a tree trunk serving as a bridge

(pont = bridge) + soft mutation + (pren = tree) > pónt-bren > pónt-pren > pón’pren > pompren.
The change of n > m before p or b occurs in other words in Welsh (Llanbedr > Llambed = church of Saint Peter) and in other languages too - for example, in Latin which has given English impose (in), compose (con), etc)
Cf /t-b/ > /p/ in motbren, mopren (= stick for stirring) < ymopren < ymot-pren < ymot-bren (ymod = stir) + soft mutation + (pren = wood)

NOTE: Generally it is a feminine noun although the main element is in fact pren (= tree, tree trunk), which is a masculine noun. This is probably due to the influence of pont (a feminine noun), so that any type of bridge is considered feminine. In some dialects it remains as a masculine noun (hence y pompren instead of y bompren)
In the south-east and the north-west a final ‘e’ is becomes ‘a’, hence pompran

:_______________________________.

Pomprenffeirad pom-pren fei-rad› feminine noun
1
locality in Ysbytycynfyn SN7579, county of Ceredigion

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/515007 y bont / the bridge

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/514983

 

Marked (inexplicably, as this is a predominantly Welsh-speaking area) on English-language maps as “Parson’s Bridge”


ETYMOLOGY: “pompren yr offeiriad

“(the) footbridge (of) the clergyman (priest, vicar, rector, parson, etc)”

 

NOTE: colloquially offeriad > offeirad (southern Welsh form, with the typical loss of the semiconsonant “i” at the head of the final syllable) > ’ffeirad (with the loss of the pretonic syllable, a common feature of Welsh) > ’ff’irad / ffirad (the diphthong ei is reduced to the half-long vowel i <ii> [iˑ]

:_______________________________.

Pompren-geifr pom-pren gei-vir› feminine noun
1
locality in Elerch, county of Ceredigion

ETYMOLOGY: “pompren y geifr” (the) footbridge (of) the goats

:_______________________________.

Pompren-llwyd pom-pren lhuid feminine noun
Ordnance Survey map reference: SN9407
1
locality in the county of Rhondda Cynon Taf (South-east Wales), 2km north of Hirwaun.
Local form: Y Pompran

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN9407 map


ETYMOLOGY: “y pompren llwyd” the grey footbridge
NOTE: The bridge itself (if it still exists) would be Pompren Llwyd, and the habitative name – the village that takes its name from it – would be Pompren-llwyd. In general, habiaitive names are spelt as a single word.
:_______________________________.

Pom-pridd ‹pom-priidh
1
local name of Pont-y-pridd (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

:_______________________________.

ponc pongK feminine noun [pɔŋk]  
PLURAL
ponciau pongk-yai -e›
North Wales


1 hillock, mound
ponc tywod sand hill

3 bank in a stone or slate quarry

poncen chwarel quarry bank


Place names:

Boncan Dinas (qv) low seaside cliff by Dinas Dinlleu
Pen-y-bonc (qv) locality in Amlwch, county of Ynys Môn (“(the) top / (the) end (of) the bank”)

Ponc-y-fron (¨Ponc y Fron¨) street name, Llangefni (Ynys Môn)

Stry^t y Bonc (‘the street of the bank’) street name in Rhosllannerchrugog (county of Wrecsam)

Y Ponciau (qv)

 

Pen-y-bonc, 3km w of Caergybi SH2181
Pen-y-bonc, Llanfechell, near Amlwch

 

 

NOTE: Guardian 23 January 2003: The distinctive dialect of the "Yam Yams" spoken in towns like Wolverhampton, Sandwell, Tipton and Dudley… has an entirely different verb "to be" which is conjugated "yam, you am, they am"…and its own vocabulary such as…bonk (a small hill)…

 

Olde Cheshire Dialecte. http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm

bong, bonk : bank of a river, lake, etc

deitshbonk : hedge bank running up from a ditch (ditchbank)


:_______________________________.

poncan pong-kan› feminine noun
PLURAL
poncia pongk-ya›
North-west Wales
1
hillock, mound; poncen, plural ponciau
y boncan
the hillock

 

ETYMOLOGY: poncan = poncen (in the North-west final-syllable a > e)

poncia = poncie = ponciau (standard Welsh final-syllable au > e in the colloquial language; the North-west final-syllable a > e)

See poncen

:_______________________________.

poncen pong-ken› feminine noun
PLURAL
ponciau pongk-ye›
North Wales

1 hillock, mound

poncen, poncie (North-east)
y boncen
(North-east) the hillock


poncan, poncia
(North-west)
y boncan (North-west) the hillock

Occurs also in field names, such as Cae Boncan

cae’r boncen “(the) field (of) the mound” (cae = field) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (poncen = mound)


The cliff above the beach at Dinas Dinlleu (“Dinas Dinlla”) near Caernarfon is known as Boncan Dinas

“Y Boncan which is at Dinas”

ETYMOLOGY: (ponc = hillock) + (-en diminutive suffix). See ponc


NOTE: in the north-east, poncen; in the north-west poncen > poncan

:_______________________________.

Y Ponciau ə pong-kye›
1
locality in the county of Wrecsam

ETYMOLOGY: “the hillocks”, plural of ponc (= hillock)

:_______________________________.

ponco, poncos ‹PONG ko, PONG kos› (masculine noun)
1
omelette

:_______________________________.

pond pond masculine noun
PLURAL
pondydd pon-didh›
1 pond


2 Erw’r Pond (“the acre of the pond”, pond acre).
Field name. According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911): “ERW'R-POND An acre of land in the hamlet of Ely (1719)”
Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / The University of Wales Dictionary gives the first recorded use as 1850

3 Pond yr Oerfa (“(the) pond (of) the cold place”) SN7279 name of a lake in the county of Ceredigion, 3km north of Pontarfynach

ETYMOLOGY: English pond < ponde (= pond, enclosure); related to pound <
‹puund› < late Old English pund


:_______________________________.

poni ‹POO ni› (interrogative adv)
1
(obsolete) not (used in asking a question in the negative)

 

Cofeb Gruffydd ab yr Ynad Coch, y Talwrn SH4877, Ynys Môn

Gruffydd ab yr Ynad Coch / Brodor o’r ardal hon / Bardd Llywelyn ap Gruffydd / (Tywysog Olaf Cymru) / “Poni welwch-chwi hynt y gwynt a’r glaw?”

 

Welsh-language memorial to Gruffydd ab yr Ynad Coch (son of the Red Judge, or red-headed judge), in Y Talwrn SH4877, Ynys Môn / Anglesey

Gruffydd ab yr Ynad Coch / A native of this district / Poet to Llywelyn ap Gruffydd / (the last prince of Wales) / “Do you not see the course of the wind and the rain?”

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/409064

 

NOTE: Modern literary Welsh uses oni / onid where Middle Welsh had poni / ponid

 :_______________________________.

pônio ‹POON yo› (verb)
1
to pawn

:_______________________________.

ponsiop ‹PON shop›
1
pawnshop (colloquial)

:_______________________________.

ponsyn ‹PON sin› (masculine noun)
1
(offensive) poofta, homosexual

:_______________________________.

pont, pontydd ‹PONT, PON tidh› (feminine noun)
1
bridge
y bont the bridge
pont gerrig stone bridge


2
Y Bontnewydd ə bont NEU idh› (feminine noun) Place name – the new bridge

3 Many place names have pont + rhyd... (the bridge by the ford…), where a bridge has at some time been built alongside an existing ford

 

Pontrhydfendigaid pont y rhyd fendigaid “the bridge at Y Rhyd Fendigaid” (the blessed ford, the ford on the way to Abaty Ystrad Fflur / Strata Florida Abbey

 

Pont-rhyd-y-fen “the bridge at y Rhyd y Fen” (the ford of the cart)

 

Pen-y-bont Rhyd y Cleifion “the bridge at y Rhyd y Cleifion” (the ford of the lepers)

 

                                           Pontrhydysaeson “the bridge at y Rhyd y Saeson” (the ford of the Englishmen)

 

                                           Pontrhydgaled pont y rhyd fendigaid “the bridge at Y Rhyd Galed” (the hard ford – probably referring to the force of the water)

 

Pont-rhyd-y-cyff “the bridge at Rhyd y Cyff” (the ford of the tree trunks) (Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

 

Pont-rhyd-y-groes “the bridge at Rhyd y Groes” (the ford of the cross)

 

Pont-rhyd-y-fro “the bridge at Rhyd y Fro” (the ford of the [road to the] lowland)

 

4 Some bridge names have pont + ar... (“bridge on…”) + the name of the river, where the following prepositional phrase seems to act like a definite noun, as if the preposition were not present. For example, we might expect Pont Dyfi (“Dyfi Bridge”), but Y Bont ar Dyfi (“(the) bridge on (the river) Dyfi”), but what we in fact have is “Pont ar Ddyfi”.

 

Names such as Y Bontnewydd ar Wy are different, since “ar Wy” (“on the river Gwy/ Wye”) is here uses as a distinguishing tag to distinguish the place from others of the same name (Y Bont Newydd / Y Bontnewydd).

 

See the entries below: Pont ar Daf, Pontardawe, Pont ar Ddyfi, Pont ar Elan, Pontarfynach, Pontargothi, Pont ar Hydfer, Pont ar Ithon

 

If the elements are spelt separately, it is used aas a non-habitative name, and refers to the bridge itself (Pont r Elan, Pont ar Ithon); if the name is spelt as a single word, it indicates that it is a habitative name, and is the name of a house or village taken from the name of the bridge (Pontardawe, Pontarfynach, Pontargothi).

 

 

:_______________________________.

pont ar...

A pattern used in bridge names is pont (= bridge) + ar (= on).

One might have expected the definite article before bridge, and so the soft mutation of the initial consonant p > b, as in the pattern (pont + defining adjective) (Y Bont Newydd the new bridge, Y Bont Gam the humped bridge, Y Bont Fawr the big bridge).

 

Pont (or any onther noun) followed by a definite noun does not admit a preceding definite article:

 

Pont y Pw^l the bridge by the river-pool, Pont y Pant the bridge by the hollow, Pont Abram Abraham’s bridge.

 

Names with pont ar... conform to this second pattern, as if the defining element (preposition + proper noun) were a simple definite noun.

 

(It seems to be mainly a southern feature; most of these names are from South Wales).

 

South Wales: Pont ar Daf, Pontardawe, Pont ar Ddyfi, Pont ar Elan, Pontarfynach, Pontargothi, Pont ar Hydfer, Pont ar Ithon (= Pont ar Ieithon)

 

North Wales: Pont ar Alwen, “Pont ar Filbrwg”

 

:_______________________________.

 


Pont ar Alwen ‹pont ar AL-wen feminine noun
1
SN9916 bridge north-north-west of Cerrigydrudion

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=194795 map


ETYMOLOGY: (“bridge over (the river) Alwen”) (pont = pont) + (ar = on) + (Alwen = river name)

NOTE: On some maps erroneously as Pont yr Alwen, with the definite article yr instead of the preposition ar

:_______________________________.

 



 


Pont ar Daf ‹pont ar DAAV feminine noun
1
SN9916 bridge 8km north of Y Nant-ddu, Brycheiniog, Powys

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=194795 map


ETYMOLOGY: (“bridge over (the river) Taf”) (pont = pont) + (ar = on) + soft mutation + (Taf = river name)

 

:_______________________________.


Pontardawe ‹pont ar dAU-e› feminine noun
1
SN7204 town in the
county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/133637 map

 

 ETYMOLOGY: (“bridge over (the river) Tawe”)

(pont = pont) + (ar = on) + soft mutation + (Tawe = river name)

 

:_______________________________.

 


Pont ar Ddyfi ‹pont ar dhə-vi› feminine noun
1
SH7401 bridge by the town of Machynllaith (county of Powys)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH7401 map


ETYMOLOGY: (“bridge over (the river) Dyfi”) (pont = pont) + (ar = on) + soft mutation + (Dyfi = river name)

:_______________________________.

Pont ar Elan ‹pont ar ę-lan›
1 (county of Powys) SN9071, 6km west of Rhaeadr-gwy. A bridge in Cwm Elan (the Elan Valley), at the head of Cronlyn Craig yr Allt Goch (Craig yr Allt Goch Reservoir) one of a series of reservoirs constructed to supply water to Birmingham in England in the 1890s (In the book “The Vale of Nantgwilt: a submerged valley...” by Richard Eustace Tickell (1894) there is a sketch of the bridge by the author)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN9071 map


ETYMOLOGY: ("bridge over (the river) Elan") (pont = pont) + (ar = on) + (Elan = river name)

:_______________________________.

Pont ar Filbrwc ‹pont-ar-vIL-bruk feminine noun
1
In Parochialia being a Summary of Answers to Parochial Queries &c, Cambrian Archaeological Association, 1909-11, in which Edward Llwyd’s parish questionnaires were published, in the information dated 1699 referring to Bangor Is-y-coed / Bangor-on-Dee, in the list of the parish’s bridges one is named as:

 

Pont ar Vilbrook yn Arch ar Fordh yr Egą Wen

Pont ar Vilbrook, un arch, ar Ffordd yr Eglwys Wen

= Millbrook Bridge, one arch, on the Eglwys Wen Road (Eglwys Wen = white church)

 

However, rather than a name it may just be a description, as in the same list there appears in English the details of bridges:

 

Pont y Pedair Onnen on Milbrook a small h. a mile above its fall. (h. = ??)

Pikilh bridge on Klywedog a mile above its Fall.

 

Information from: http://www.bangor-on-dee.co.uk/bangor_parish_1699/index.htm

 

 

ETYMOLOGY: ("bridge over (the) Millbrook") (pont = pont) + (ar = on) + soft mutation + (Milbrwc – Welsh spelling of Millbrook, brook by the mill)

:_______________________________.

Pontarfynach ‹pont-ar-və-nakh› feminine noun
1
SN7376 hamlet 16km east of Aberystwyth
One of the bridges here is called “Pont y Gŵr Drwg” (“(the) bridge (of) the bad man”, that is, devil's bridge, and this is the basis of the name which the English give to the village “Devil's Bridge”)
 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN7376 map

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/52020


ETYMOLOGY: (“the bridge over the Mynach river”) (pont = bridge) + (ar = on, over) + soft mutation + (Mynach, river name)

:_______________________________.

Pontargothi ‹pont-ar-GOO-thi› feminine noun
1
SN5021 hamlet near Nantgaredig, Ceredigion (spelt unusually Pont-ar-gothi on the Ordnance Survey map)
 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/21104 map

 

ETYMOLOGY: (“the bridge over the Cothi river”)

(pont = bridge) + (ar = on, over) + soft mutation + (Cothi, river name)

 

 

:_______________________________.

Pont ar Hydfer ‹pont ar HəD-ver› feminine noun
1
SN8627 name of a bridge near Trecastell, Powys

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/146286


ETYMOLOGY: (“the bridge over the Hydfer river”)

(pont = bridge) + (ar = on, over) + (Hydfer river name)

 

:_______________________________.

Pont ar Ithon ‹pont-ar-II-thon› feminine noun
1
SO0257 name of a bridge south of Y Bontnewydd ar Wysg

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=231692


ETYMOLOGY: (“the bridge over the Ithon river”)

(pont = bridge) + (ar = on, over) + (Ithon / Ieithon river name)

 

:_______________________________.

Pontbleiddyn ‹pont-BLEI-dhin›
1
SJ2760 village in the county of Y Fflint

The form used in English is Pontblyddyn

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/692218


ETYMOLOGY: Probably “(the) bridge (of) Bleiddyn”, if the current form of the name is also the historical form

(pont = bridge) + (Bleiddyn man’s forename; or a surname from th patronymic (ap) Bleiddyn, anglicised as “Blethin”)

Bleiddyn is “wolf cub” (bleidd- / blaidd = wolf) + (-yn diminutive suffix)

 

 :_______________________________.

Pontcanna ‹pont ka na› feminine noun
1
ST1677 locality in Caer-dydd; along with neighbouring Treganna, regarded as a middle-class Welsh-speaking enclave or village within the city (although the proportion of Welsh-speakers is probably much lower than 10%), since many Welsh-speakers who have moved to the capital to work in education, the media, or administration have settled in this area

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST1677 map


ETYMOLOGY: “(the) bridge (of) (the stream named) Canna”
(pont = bridge) + (Canna)

:_______________________________.

pont droi, pontydd troi ‹pont DROI, pon tidh TROI› (feminine noun)
1
swing bridge (“bridge (of) turning”)

:_______________________________.

pont gam ‹pont gam feminine noun
1
humpback bridge = road bridge with a sharp incline and decline
2
Y Bont Gam name of the bridge over the river Taf in central Pont-ty-pridd, South-east Wales (“the humpback bridge”)

ETYMOLOGY: (pont = bridge) + soft mutation + (cam = humpbacked)

:_______________________________.

pont garreg ‹pont ga-reg› feminine noun
PLURAL
pontydd carreg pon-tidh ka-reg›
1
stone-slab bridge, bridge made from a single stone slab, broad flat thick piece of stone spanning a stream


There is a photo of such a bridge in North Wales, over the stream called Nant Cadair, in Gwynedd, at the website “28th January 2001 - Cadair Idris”


www.hmallett.co.uk/28012001.html (link not working 2006-03-18)

ETYMOLOGY: (pont = bridge) + soft mutation + (carreg = stone, slab of stone)

:_______________________________.

Pontgarreg ‹pont ga-reg› feminine noun
1
(SN3354) village in the county Ceredigion 3k east of Llangrannog

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN3354 map


ETYMOLOGY: “stone-slab bridge”. See preceding entry pont garreg

:_______________________________.

pont godi ‹pont -di› feminine noun
PLURAL
pontydd codi pon-tidh -di›
1
drawbridge

ETYMOLOGY: (pont = bridge) + soft mutation + (codi = to raise, to lift up)

:_______________________________.

pont grog, pontydd crog ‹pont GROOG, po tidh KROOG› (feminine noun)
1
suspension bridge

Literally “hung bridge” (PONT = bridge) + soft mutation + (CROG = hung; stem of the verb CROGI = to hang.  Here the stem serves as a past participle)
:_______________________________.

Pont Hendre ‹pont hen-dre› feminine noun
1
locality in Dyffryn Camwy (Patagonia)

ETYMOLOGY: “Pont yr Hendre” (“(the) bridge (by) the Hendre”, the name of a farm). Hendre in Wales is winter farm / lowland farm / permanent homestead, usually with a counterpart in the uplands for the summer months

:_______________________________.

Pontfadlen ‹pont VAD len› (feminine noun)
1
SM9414 Village by Hwlffordd / Haverfordwest in the county of Penfro

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/925764

 

ETYMOLOGY: “Magdalene's Bridge” (pont = bridge) + soft mutation + (Madlen = Magdalene). In English it is known as “Merlin's Bridge”, an alteration of Magdalene’s Bridge (pronunced as Maudlin’s Bridge). There is a Magdalene Street (“Maudlin Street”) here, which would be Heol Madlen in Welsh
:_______________________________.

Pont-hir ‹pont HIIR›
1
ST3292 village in the south-west of the county of Torfaen, at its boundary with the county of Casnewydd / Newport

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/398163


ETYMOLOGY: apparently “long bridge” (pont = bridge) + (hir = long), though Y Bont Hir might have been expected if this is the case.

NOTE: In south-east Wales, the [h] is absent in the traditional dialect of Welsh spoken here, so the local pronunciation would be Pont-’ir

This seems to be the pronunciation suggested in this entry in a burial register:

Rosella? Hughes, Ponteer (died) 11 Jan 1838 (aged) 4 yrs

(Mentioned in Llantarnam Burials 1813-74)
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~monfamilies/llantarnbur1813-74.htm
:_______________________________.

Pont-llan-fraith ‹pont lhan VRAITH› (feminine noun)
1
ST1795 village, south east.

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/838140 map

 

ETYMOLOGY: Originally with llan, not llyn;
the name was Pont-llyn-fraith “the bridge by the dappled pool” (a pool in the river)

:_______________________________.

Pont Pen-llyn ‹pont pen-HLIN › (feminine noun)
1
bridge SH5562 across Afon Rhythallt, at the point where it flows into Llyn Padarn

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/316877

 

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) bridge (at) (the hamlet called) Pen-llyn”

(pont = bridge) + (Pen-llyn)

Pen-llyn < pen y llyn “(the) end / head / top part (of) the (lake)”
:_______________________________.

Pontrhydfendigaid ‹pont rhiid ven DI gaid, -ed› (feminine noun)
1
SN7366 village, south-west.

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN7366 map

 

ETYMOLOGY: (the) bridge (of) (the) blessed ford

:_______________________________.

Pont-rhyd-y-cyff ‹pont rhiid ə KIIF› (feminine noun)
1
SS8689 village in Cwm Llynfi, Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr

(south-east Wales)

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS8789

 

ETYMOLOGY: (the) bridge (of) (the) ford (of) the tree stumps

:_______________________________.

Pont-rhyd-y-fen pont-hriid-ə-ven
1
SS7994 locality in Castell-nedd ac Aberafan

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS7994 map


ETYMOLOGY: “the bridge by the ford called Rhyd y Fen” (pont = bridge). Rhyd y Fen is “(the) ford (of) the cart” (rhyd = ford) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (ben = cart)

:_______________________________.

Pont-rhyd-yr-ynn ‹pont rhiid ə RIN› (feminine noun)
1
village, in Cwmbrân, county of Torfaen

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST2997 map

 

ETYMOLOGY: (the) bridge (of) (the) ford (of) the ash trees


NOTE: Misspelt on English-language maps as Pontrhydyrun
:_______________________________.

Pont-sarn ‹pont SARN› (feminine noun)


1
SO0409 south-east

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/56296

 

ETYMOLOGY: pont + y + sarn (the) bridge (of) the causeway / Roman road

:_______________________________.

Pontsenni ‹pont SE ni› (feminine noun)
1
Village in Brycheiniog, Powys, south-east Wales

Called Sennybridge by the English

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/450439

 

ETYMOLOGY: (the) bridge (of) the river Senni

:_______________________________.

Pont-Siôn-Norton ‹pont shoon NOR tən›
1
Village in Pont-y-pridd, south-east Wales. The English name is Norton Bridge, though it seems the Welsh name is now the usual name.

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/122956 map

 

ETYMOLOGY: “the bridge of Siôn Norton”

:_______________________________.

Pontsticill ‹pont-STI-kilh›

1 village in Merthyrtudful, SO0611

 

ETYMOLOGY: pont yr ysticill“(the) bridge (with) the stile

(pont = bridge) + (y definite article) + (sticill = stile).

 


:_______________________________.

Pont Tal-y-bont pont tal-ə-bont
1
SH6841 bridge near Llan Ffestiniog, on the river Cynfal near where it flows into Afon Dwyryd

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/596784 map

 

2 place in Llantrisant (Rhondda Cynon Taf)

 

3 locality in the county of Gwynedd (near Bangor)
Called by the English: Gipsy Corner

 
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) bridge (at) Tal-y-bont”.

Tal-y-bont = “end (of) the bridge”, place by the entrance to the bridge

 

See following entry

:_______________________________.

Pont-tal-y-bont pont-tal-ə-bont settlement name
1
house in the county of Bro Morgannwg, south of the manor of Meisgyn (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) bridge (by the house called) Tal-y-bont”).

This is from the name of the bridge Pont Tal-y-bont.
In habitative names, according to Welsh spelling rules, the elements form a single word. Thus Pont-tal-y-bont is the name of the house by this bridge.

Tal-y-bont is ‘bridge end, house situated at the entrance to the bridge’
(tâl = forehead; place facing) + (y = the) + soft mutation + (pont = bridge).

In this name we can suppose that
(1) a house at the bridge end was known as Tal-y-bont.
(2) The bridge lost its earlier name, whatever that might have been, and became known as Pont Tal-y-bont (“bridge-end bridge”), after the house next to it..
(3) This house, or another, then became known by the name of the bridge

:_______________________________.

Pont-ty-pridd ‹pon-tii-pridh feminine noun
1
See: Pont-y-pridd

:_______________________________.

Pontwilym ‹pont-wi-lim›
1 “Pontwillim Estate”, Aberhonddu (county of Powys) - this would be Stad Pontwilym in Welsh

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) bridge (of) William”) (pont = bridge) + soft mutation + (Gwilym = William)

:_______________________________.

Ponty pon-ti› -
1
nickname for the town of Pont-ty-pridd (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English Ponty. This is an English diminutive of the town's name (as in diminutives of personal names in English, using the first syllable with the addition of the diminutive suffix
‹i›

Edward > Eddie, Jacqueline > Jacky, etc;

and some town names in England (Doncaster > Donny, Scunthorpe > Scunny) and the USA (Philadelphia > Philly).

The traditional Welsh diminutive or short form of the name of this town is the same as many other place names beginning with the element 'pont' - Y Bont = the bridge.
See also (1) Y Bont, (2) Pont-y-pridd

:_______________________________.

Pontypridd ‹pon-tə-pridh feminine noun
1
See: Pont-y-pridd
:_______________________________.

Pont-y-pridd ‹pon-tə-pridh feminine noun
ST0789
1
locality in the county of Rhondda Cynon Taf, south-east Wales

2 the parish of this place

3 electoral constituency for the Cynulliad (Welsh Assembly or parliament)

4 electoral constituency for the English parliament in London

5 the short name for the town traditionally is Y Bont = 'the bridge', as with many other places in Wales which have pont as the first element in the name

6 In recent years the name Ponty has become popular in Welsh as the short form for this town, a name from English. See the separate entry Ponty

7
Clic y Bont (qv) (“(the) clique / crowd (of) the bridge / of Pont-y-pridd”) a group of poets and musicians from the town and the surrounding area in the second half of the 1800s

8 A colloquial form is Pom-pridd
(1) Pont-y-pridd > Pont-pridd (the loss of the linking definite article is common in place names)
(2) Pont > Pon’
(3) before p, the n becomes m. Thus Pon-pridd > Pom-pridd

(south-eastern Welsh) Fuas i ariod lawar gytta’r train, dim on diccyn o Gluttach i Bompridd (Ni’n Doi, Glynfab, 1918)

Fuas i ariod lawar gyta’r train, dim on’ dicyn o Glutach i Bom-pridd (south-eastern Welsh in tidier spelling)

Ni fűm erioed lawer â’r tręn, dim ond dipyn o Glydach i Bont-y-pridd (standard Welsh)
(translation) I hadn’t been much on the train, only a bit from Clydach to Pont-y-pridd

ETYMOLOGY: Pont-y-pridd < Pont-ty-pridd < Pont-y-ty-pridd < (pont = bridge) + (yr = the) + (ty = house) + (pridd = earth, clay). This is (“(the) bridge (of) the house (of) earth”) The name refers to a house built with cob (clay and chopped straw) next to an original wooden bridge at the site of the present humpbacked stone structure

NOTE: The present form of the name in Welsh is Pontypridd
‹pon-tə-priidh. In the list of place names spellings recommended by the University of Wales this form is given as an exception to the usual spelling of such names. Pont-y-pridd, with hyphenation, would be expected in a name with a stressed final monosyllable.

It seems though that the name was Pont-ty-pridd
‹pont-tii-priidh in the 1800s, from Pont-y-ty-pridd, with the omission of the definite article y which is often found in names with this structure (main element + definite article + qualifying element)

In John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911), there is in 1796 a reference to the bridge: "[the] common public Stone bridge commonly called Pontypridd situate and being in the several parishes of Llanwonno and Eglwysilan…"

Pont-y-pŵl ‹pon tə PUUL› (feminine noun)
1
town, south-east (the) bridge (of) the pool (in the river)

:_______________________________.

pop <POP> [pɔp] (masculine noun)
1
pop = sugared carbonated water

:_______________________________.

popeth <PO-peth> [ˡpɔpɛθ] (pronoun)

1 everything
2
pac popeth holdall = a capacious bag “bag (for) everything” (pac = pack, bag) + (popeth = everything)

3 Nid aur popeth melyn All that glitters is not gold (“(it is) not gold everything yellow”)

4 dianc rhag popeth get away from it all (“escape from everything”)
gadael popeth o’ch ôl get away from it all (“leave everything behind you”)

5 rhwng popeth all in all i.e. when summarising and drawing a conclusion (rhwng = between ) + (popeth = everything)

6 o ystyried popeth / ac ystyried popeth / gan ystyried popeth all things considered, considering the circumstances, in view of the situation

7 erbyn ystyried come to think of it

:_______________________________.

poplen <PO-plen> [ˡpɔplɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL
poplis / poplys; popls <PO-plis, PO-pəlz> [ˡpɔplɪs;ˡpɔpəlz]
(poplen is a variant of poblen, plural poblenni and pobls)

1 (in the county of Penfro and in the contiguous lower part of the county Ceredigion, and also in the eastern part of Morgannwg) pebble
y boblen the pebble

2 popls surface paved with pebbles
Y Popls name of a lane in Tyddewi, county of Penfro, leading down to the cathedral. The bilingual sign here curiously has an English spelling for the Welsh name “Y Popples / The Pebbles”

ETYMOLOGY: from an English dialect form popples = pebbles

:_______________________________.

poplysen, poplys <po-PLƏ-sen, PO-plis> [pɔˡpləsɛn, ˡpɔplɪs] (feminine noun)
1
poplar tree
y boplysen the poplar tree

Rhes y Poplys street name in Aberystwyth, a translation of the English name Poplar Row

poplysen ddu, poplys du / poplys duon black poplar (Populus nigra) (native to Europe, southwest and central Asia, and northwest Africa)

planhigfa boblys, planhigféydd poplys poplar plantation

:_______________________________.

popty mícro-don, poptai mícro-don
<POP-ti MI-kro-don, POP-tai MI-kro-don> [ˡpɔptɪ ˡmɪkrɔdɔn, ˡpɔptaɪ ˡmɪkrɔdɔn] (masculine noun)
1
micro-oven

:_______________________________.

porc <PORK> [pɔrk] (m, adjective)
PLURAL
pyrcs pirKS [pɪrks]
1
young pig

 

2 (South Wales) nakčd person

stripo’n borc strip off (one person)

stripo’n byrcs strip off (of more than one person)

 

3 (South Wales) (adj) nude, naked, in the altogether, in your birthday suit

bod yn borc be half nakčd

4 (South Wales) (land) barren

mynd yn borc become barren

 

5 (South Wales) poor, broke

bod yn borc glân be stone broke

 

ETYMOLOGY: (porc = young pig) < English (porc = pork)

 


 

:_______________________________.

 

porcen <PORK-en> [ˡpɔrkɛn] (m)
1 (South-east Wales) porcan sheared sheep

 

ETYMOLOGY: (porc = young pig) + (-en diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.

porchell, perchyll <POR-khelh, PER-khilh> [ˡpɔrxɛɬ, ˡpɛrxɪɬ] (masculine noun)
1
piglet
porchell diddwyn weaner, piglet in the period after weaning and up to ten weeks old

:_______________________________.

 

porciad <PORK-yad> [ˡpɔrkjad] (m)
(South-east Wales) (as porcad)

1 a shearing

2 a scalding

 

ETYMOLOGY: (porc-, stem of the verb porcio = remove the bristles of a dead pig by scalding and scraping) + (-i-ad = noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
 

 

porcio <PORK-yo> [ˡpɔrkjɔ] (m)
(South-east Wales) (as porco)

1 remove the bristles of a dead pig by scalding and scraping

2 to scald; to scald oneself

 

ETYMOLOGY: (porc = young pig, < English porc) + (-yn diminutive suffix) + (-i-o = verb suffix)
:_______________________________.


porcyn <POR-kin> [ˡpɔrkɪn] (m, adjective)
PLURAL
pyrcs pirKS [pɪrks]
1
young pig

 

SO1735, Bradwys, north-west of Talgarth, Brycheiniog, Powys. Field name: Cae Porcyn (“Cae Porkyn”)

Apparently cae’r porcyn “(the) field (of) the young pig”

 

http://www.powys.gov.uk/uploads/media/B_D_JGW_part__bi.pdf.

Records deposited by J G Williams & P M Beales, Solicitors of Hay-on-Wye

 

 

2 (South-east Wales) (plural: porcsach) beggar

 

3 (South Wales) (adj) nude, naked, in the altogether, in your birthday suit

bod yn hanner porcyn be half nakčd

bod yn borcyn gwyllt be stark nakčd

ETYMOLOGY: (porc = young pig, < English porc) + (-yn diminutive suffix)


:_______________________________.

porfa, porféydd <POR-va, por-VEIDH> [ˡpɔrva, pɔrˡvəɪđ] (feminine noun)
1
grass
y borfa
the grass

2 pasture
cae porfa pasture

:_______________________________.

porffor <POR-for> [ˡpɔrfɔr] (masculine noun)
1
purple
porffor golau
<POR-for GOO-lai, -le> [ˡpɔrfɔr goˑlaɪ, -ɛ] light purple

2
helygen borffor (PLURAL helyg porffor) (Salix daphnoides) violet willow

:_______________________________.

pori <POO-ri> [ˡpoˑrɪ] (verb)
1
to graze, to pasture

2 cae pori pasture (“field (of) grazing”)

3 nid + bod yn pori yn un cae (“not + be grazing in the same field”) be missing the point, be parking up the wrong tree


Dwyt ti ddim yn pori yn yr un cae You don’t get my point

:_______________________________.

pornograffaidd <por-no-GRAA-fedh> [pɔrnɔˡgrɑˑfɛđ] adjective
1
pornographic

ETYMOLOGY: pornograff- < pornógraffi (= pornography) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

pornógraffi <por-NO-gra-fi> [pɔrˡnɔgrafɪ] masculine noun
1
pornography

ETYMOLOGY: English pornography < Greek pornographos (= something written by a whore) < pornę (= whore) + (graphein = to write)


:_______________________________.


(1) porth, porthau <PORTH, POR-thai, -e> [pɔrθ, ˡpɔrθaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
port (modern Welsh prefers porthladd for this meaning)

2 (place names) ferryboat place, ferrying place; landing beach, beach
y borth the ferrying place

Y Borth
<ə BORTH> [ə ˡbɔrθ] SN6089 Coastal village in Ceredigion; originally a short form - historically the name was Porthwyddno / Porth Wyddno (“port / landing beach (of) Gwyddno”, man’s name)

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/689252 Y Borth


Y Borth Short name for Porthaethwy, on the island of Môn < Porthddaethwy (“(the) ferry (of) the Daethwy tribe”)

4 llongborth (obsolete) harbour
'ship port' (llong = ship) + soft mutation + (porth = port);

Llongborth According to Geiriadur yr Acádemi, this is the Welsh name of Portsmouth, a town on the south coast of England (though it is not in current use)

Cf the Irish word longfort (= camp, fortress), occurring also as a place name with this meaning. Formerly it meant “river port, place upriver accessible to seagoing vessels”. The corresponding word in Manx is lhongphurt

:_______________________________.

(2) porth porth masculine noun
PLURAL
pyrth pirth
1
entrance = large entrance
ym mhorth y stesiwn in the station entrance
wrth enau porth y sínema at the entrance to the cinema foyer

porth y fynwent churchyard gate, churchyard entrance
...yn y tafarndy, yr hen Tyn-llan, sydd wrth borth y fynwent
...in the tavern, the old Tyn-llan (“church farm”), which is at the churchyard entrance
 
bod ym mhorth y fynwent have one foot in the grave (“be in the cemetery gateway”)

porth yr eglwys church porch


2 gate = city gate, town gate, etc; castle gate

 

Mae aml lwyth wedi troi yn y porth
Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched

(“many a load has rolled over at the (city) gate”)

 (Bible) cyfyng yw’r porth strait is the gate

Matthew 7:13 Ewch i mewn trwy’r porth cyfyng: canys eang yw’r porth, a llydan yw’r ffordd sydd yn arwain i ddistryw; a llawer yw’r rhai sydd yn myned i mewn trwyddi: (7:14) Oblegid cyfyng yw’r porth, a chul yw’r ffordd, sydd yn arwain i’r bywyd; ac ychydig yw’r rhai sydd yn ei chael hi.
Matthew 7:13 Enter ye in at the strait gate: for wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat:
(7:14) Because strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, which leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it.

ceidwad porth plural ceidwaid pyrth gatekeeper

mynd trwy byrth y castell go through the castle gates

porthdy gatehouse

porthor plural porthorion gatekeeper

Porth Senghennydd (formerly) a gate in the now demolished city wall in Caer-dydd
“(the) gate (of) Senghennydd”

 

English name: North Gate

The road to the North went into the rest of Cibwr, the southern part of the lordship and former kántrev (cantref) of Senghennydd


(delwedd 7064)

 

Porth Meisgyn (formerly) a gate in the now demolished city wall in Caer-dydd
“(the) gate (of) Meisgyn”. English name: The West Gate.

Rice Merrick (A Booke of Glamorganshire Antiquities, 1578, refers to it as Miskin Gate).

The road to the west entered the lordship and former kúmmud (cwmwd) of Meisgyn

 

Porth y Llongau (formerly) a gate in the now demolished city wall in Caer-dydd
“(the) gate (of) the ships”. English name: The South Gate.

Leland in 1536 called it Portllongey

 


porth y dŵr the water gate (city gate by a river)
Nehemeia 8:1
A'r holl bobl a ymgasglasant o un fryd i'r heol oedd o flaen porth y dwfr, ac a ddywedasant wrth Esra yr ysgrifennydd, am ddwyn llyfr cyfraith Moses, yr hon a orchmynasai yr ARGLWYDD i Israel.
Nehemiah 8:1 And all the people gathered themselves together as one man into the street that was before the water gate; and they spake unto Ezra the scribe to bring the book of the law of Moses, which the LORD had commanded to Israel.

ty porth gatehouse

4
pass between hills
Y Porth town in Rhondda, at the entrance to the two Rhondda valleys

5
tollborth
..1/ (motorway) pay booth;
..2/ (History) tollgate, tollhouse; pay booth on a turnpike road
(toll = toll, payment) + soft mutation + (porth = gate)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh porth (masculine) < porth (feminine) < British < Latin porta (= door)
The change of gender is possibly from the influence of drws (masculine) (= door)

From the same British root: Breton porzh (= town gate)
From the same Latin root: Manx purt

:_______________________________.

Porthaethwy <porth-EI-thui> [pɔrθˡəɪθʊɪ] (feminine noun)
1
SH5571 village, county of Môn.

Short form - Y Borth

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH5571

 

Pont y Borth Menai Bridge “(the) bridge (by) Y Borth”

 

ETYMOLOGY: Porth Ddaethwy “ferrying place of the Daethwy people”


:_______________________________.

Porthamal <porth-A-mal> [pɔrθˡamal]
1
locality on the island of Môn > Porthamael

:_______________________________.

Porthamael <porth-A-mail, porth-A-mal> [pɔrθˡamaɪl, pɔrθˡamal]
1 locality SH5873 on the island of Môn

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=331643 Plas-coch

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=330744 Plas Porthamel


Parry's New Guide to Wales / Edward Parry / 1847:

Plas-coch: this interesting house has long been of importance. At the beginning of the twelfth century it was the residence of Llywarch ab Bran { = Brân}
, Lord of Cwmmwd Menai... It was called Porthamael till 1569 when Hugh Hughes, Esq, built the present house, which, from the complexion of the stone, acquired the name of Plas Coch (Red Hall)”

A Topographical Dictionary of Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849:

Porthamel, or Porth-Aml, the only ferry between the Menai suspension bridge and Carnarvon, is celebrated as the place where Suetonius Paulinus, in the reign of the Emperor Nero, is thought to have crossed the strait for the invasion of Mona. In this attempt he was opposed by the Druids, who, having assembled an army of men and women arranged in all the mystic terrors of their idolatrous superstition, and brandishing lighted torches, drew up on the western shore to oppose his progress. But after spreading a momentary panic through the Roman ranks, they were quickly repulsed by the rallying troops, and many of them consigned to perish in their own sacrificial fires. The sacred groves in which their rites were solemnized were cut down, and the reign of Druidism, which had for ages been established in the Isle of Mona as its principal seat, was finally destroyed. At a short distance from this place is a field still called Maes Mawr Gâd, or "the plain of the great army," supposed to have been occupied by the Roman forces under Julius Agricola, in his successful expedition to regain possession of the island, which Suetonius, by a general revolt of the British states in his rear, that necessarily caused him to withdraw his forces, had been compelled to relinquish.


http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=47848#s2

 


:_______________________________.

porthfeistr, porthfeistri <PORTH-veistr, -veis-tir, porth-VEI-stri> [ˡpɔrθvəɪstr, -vəɪstɪr, pɔrθˡvəɪstrɪ] (masculine noun)
1
harbourmaster

:_______________________________.

porthladd, porthladdau / porthladdoedd <PORTH-ladh, porth-LAA-dhai, dhe, -dhoidh, -dhodh> [ˡpɔrθlađ, pɔrθˡlɑˑđaɪ, -ɛ, -ɔɪđ, -ɔđ] (masculine noun)
1
port


:_______________________________.

 

Y Porth Mawr <ə porth MAUR> [ə pɔrθ ˡmaʊr]

2 SM7326 beach north-west of Ty^ddewi / Saint Davids (county of Penfro, south-west Wales)

Called “Whitesands Bay” by the English.

 

ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + (porth = beach) + (mawr = big)


:_______________________________.

porthmon <PORTH-mon> [ˡpɔrθmɔn] masculine noun
PLURAL
porthmyn <PORTH-min> [ˡpɔrθmɪn]
1
cattle-drover = man who drives cattle to a market

2 cattle dealer
porthmon moch North Wales pig dealer, pigman

3 rhwng y porthmon a'r moch let them sort it out themselves, don't interfere in the dispute ('(leave it') between the pigman and the pigs)

4 ffordd borthmyn drovers' road

5 obsolete porthmon sanau hosier, itinerant stocking knitter

ETYMOLOGY: adaptation of English portman (= burgher, citizen)
(port = borough) + (man).


(1) port assimilated to Welsh porth (= port);


(2) If not from English portman > portmon > Welsh portmon > porthmon

then in Welsh *portman / *porthman the Welsh suffix mon has replaced man.

The suffix is from the English word mon, a dialect of man (in Cheshire, where a midland dialect of English is spoken, mon was in use)

:_______________________________.

porthor POR-thor › masculine noun
PLURAL
porthorion ‹por-THOR-yon›

1 gatekeeper, porter

:_______________________________.

porthordy ‹ por-THOR-di› masculine noun
PLURAL
porthordy ‹por-THOR-dai›

1 gatehouse, porter’s lodge

Porthordy Parc Gwaunyterfyn Acton Park Lodge, Wrecsam

porthordy mynwent a cemetery lodge
porthordy’r fynwent the cemetery lodge

porthordy Nouaddwilym (“Noyadd Wilym”) the lodge of Nouaddwilym

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/447774

 

ETYMOLOGY: (porthor = gatehouse keeper) + soft mutation + (ty^ = house)

:_______________________________.

Porth y Cwrwgl ‹porth ə ku-ru-gəl›
1
Cove on the island of Môn. ‘(the) beach (of) the coracle’
English name: Freshwater Bay

ETYMOLOGY: (porth = beach) + (y = definite article) + (cwrwgl = coracle)

:_______________________________.

Portiwgaleg ‹por tiu GA leg› (feminine noun)
1
Portuguese (= language)
y Bortiwgaleg the Portuguese language

:_______________________________.

Pórtiwgal ‹POR tiu gal› (feminine noun)
1
Portugal

:_______________________________.

portread ‹por-trę-ad› masculine noun
PLURAL
portreadau ‹por-tre-AA-de›
1 portrait = visual likeness of a face (drawing, painting, photograph)
portread o Gwyn Thomas a portrait of Gwyn Thomas
portread Gwyn Thomas a portrait belonging to Gwyn Thomas, in the possession of Gwyn Thomas

2 portrait, portrait in words; = verbal description of a person
Y mae yn y gyfrol hon bortreadau byw o gymeriadau megis Ifan Bach Tyn-lôn a Wil Shinc

In this volume there are penetrating portraits of characters such as Ifan Bach Tyn-lôn and Wil Shinc

ETYMOLOGY: portread < portreiad < (portrei- stem of portreio = to portray) + (-ad suffix for forming abstract nouns)
portreio < (portrei- < English to portray) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)
portray < Old French portraire < (= to depict) < Latin prôtrahęre (= to drag out), suffix pro- + trahęre (= to drag)

:_______________________________.

Port Talbot ‹port TAL bot› (feminine noun)
1
See: Aberafan

:_______________________________.

posibiliad, posibiliadau ‹po si BIL yad, po si bil YA de› (masculine noun)
1
possibility

:_______________________________.

posibl ˇˇ(posib')ˇˇˇ ‹PO sib› (adjective)
1
possible

:_______________________________.

post ‹POST› (masculine noun)
1
post (mail, letters)

post awyr air mail

glynyn post awyr, PLURAL glynion post awyr air mail sticker

2 fan bost plural faniau post post van

3 swyddfa bost post office
is-swyddfa bost sub-post office, branch post office
post bach (colloquial) sub-post office, branch post office (“little post (office)”)

4 post (colloquial) post office.
y post (South Wales) / y p
ōst (North Wales) the post office

Standard is llythyrdy or swyddfa bost
There are various street names with ‘post office’ which could be translated with post (though they might have other names which are used in Welsh)

..1/ Post Office Lane in Dinbych (county of the same name), and also in Treharris (county of Methyrtudful) – a translation of this would be Lôn y Post

..2/ Post Office Row in south-east Wales would be Rhestr y Post (colloquially rester, restar) or Tai’r Post
...a/ Gwaelod-y-garth (county of Caer-dydd)
...b/ Tonypandy (Rhondda Cynon Taf)
...c/ Glangrwyne (Powys)
...d/ Cil-y-coed / Caldicot (county of Mynwy)
...e/ also “Post Office Terrace” in Pont-hir (county of Torfaen) > Rhestr y Post

..3/ “Post Office Terrace” in Trefnant (county of Dinbych) and in Pwllheli (county of Gwynedd) would be Rhes y P
ōst or Tai’r Pōst

4
gatepost

post iet, pyst ieti (South-west) gatepost

post hongad, pyst hongad (South-east) gatepost (“post for hanging (a gate)”)

bod yn ddall bost be as blind as a bat (“be gatepost blind, as blind as a gatepost”)

:_______________________________.

Y Post Brenhinol ə post bre-nhî-nol› masculine noun
1
The Royal Mail – the English postal system

Post Brenhinol / Talwyd y Post / DG = Royal Mail / Postage Paid / UK.
Welsh inscription which follows the English inscription on the postal indicia of metered stamps in Wales. DG is Y Deyrnas Gyfun (“The United Kingdom”), the short name for the title of the English state.

ETYMOLOGY: “The Royal Mail” - literal translation of the English name ‘Royal Mail’ (post = post, mail) + (brenhinol = royal)

:_______________________________.

postfeistr, postfeistri ‹POST vei stər, post VEI stri› (masculine noun)
1
postmaster

:_______________________________.

postio post-jo› verb
1 (verb with an object) post, mail
postio llythyr send a letter, post a letter, (especially USA: mail a letter); = put a letter in a postbox or letter box

2 post = take (a letter) to the post office or postbox

3 rhestr bostio mailing list

4 post = be transferred;
Mae Gwyn wedi ei bostio i'r Almaen Gwyn has been posted to Germany

ETYMOLOGY: (post = post, mail) + (-io suffix for forming verbs), in imitation of English to post (a letter)

NOTE: In South Wales the colloquial form is posto (the absence of the semi-vowel [j] at the beginning of the final syllable is a general southern feature)
post-jo› > poST-o›

:_______________________________.

postmon <POST-mon> [ˡpɔstmɔn] masculine noun
PLURAL
postmyn <POST-min> [ˡpɔstmɪn]


North Wales
1
postman
Deudodd y postmon nad oedd yr un llythyr i ni
The postman said there weren't any letters for us

2 (epithet) the Postman
Dyfed Williams, neu Dyfed Postmon i drigolion y fro
Dyfed Williams, or Dyfed the Postman (according) to the inhabitants of the district

ETYMOLOGY: English postman, with the dialectal form mon formerly in use in midland and northern England

:_______________________________.

post-mortem <post MOR-tem> [ˡpɔst ˡmɔrtɛm] masculine noun
PLURAL
post-mortemau <post-mor-TE-mai, -me> [ˡpɔst mɔrˡtɛmaɪ, -ɛ]
1
post mortem
Bydd post-mortem yn cael ei gynnal gan y crwner
A post mortem will be held by the Coroner

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English post mortem < Latin “after death”

:_______________________________.

postyn, postiau <PO-stin, -POST-yai, -ye> [ˡpɔstɪn, ˡpɔstjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
post

2 gwely pedwar postyn four-poster bed

3 postyn cychwyn (horse racing) starting post (“post (of) starting”)
gadael (ceffyl) wrth y postyn cychwyn (in a race): to leave (a horse) standing, rush ahead before the other horse has even begun to move off

4 y postyn terfynol the winning post

:_______________________________.

pot, potiau <POT, POT-yai, -ye> [ˡpɔt, ˡpɔtjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
pot

:_______________________________.

potel <PO-tel> [ˡpɔtɛl] feminine noun
PLURAL
poteli <po-TEE-li> [pɔˡteˑlɪ]
1
bottle
y botel = the bottle
agorydd poteli bottle opener
banc poteli bottle bank, place to leave discarded glass objects for recycling
cwrw potel (‘beer (of) bottle’) bottled beer
gwddf potel bottle neck (North: gwddw potel, South: gwddwg potel)
peth agor poteli
bottle opener
potel gwrw, plural poteli cwrw beer bottle
rhesel boteli, plural rheseli poteli bottle rack
Ysgydwer y botel (instruction on medicine bottle, etc) Shake the bottle (‘let-be-shaken the bottle’)

2 baby’s feeding bottle
bwydo o’r botel bottle-feed (Cf rhoi’r fron breast-feed, give milk from the breast, literally ‘give the breast’)
magu ar laeth potel / magu ar botel bottle-feed (cf. bwydo ar y fron breast-feed, raise on mother’s milk)
a fagwyd ar botel who was bottle-fed

3
bod ar y botel to be on the bottle, to be addicted to alcohol

ETYMOLOGY: potel (= bottle) < y botel (= the bottle) (it was thought that the radical consonant ‘b’ was in fact a soft mutation of ‘p’) < English bottle < French bouteille (= bottle) < Latin butticula (butta = butt, cask) + (-cula diminutive suffix); butta < Greek boűtis

:_______________________________.

potel <PO-tel> [ˡpɔtɛl] feminine noun
PLURAL
poteli <po-TEE-li> [pɔˡteˑlɪ]
1
bundle (of straw)
y botel = the bundle of straw
potel o wair bundle of straw

ETYMOLOGY: Not connected with potel = glass container.

potel (= bottle / bundle of straw) < y botel (= the bottle / the bundle of straw) (it was thought that the radical consonant ‘b’ was in fact a soft mutation of ‘p’) < Middle English botel (in Modern English bottle, a dialect word) < French.

It is a word that was taken into French from Dutch bote (= bundle), to which was added the French diminutive ending –el.

Modern French botte (= bundle of hay, bunch of carrots), boteller (= to truss hay, tie up hay)

:_______________________________.

potelaid, poteleidiau <po-TEE-laid, -led, po-te-LEID-yai, -ye> [pɔˡteˑlaɪd, -ɛd, pɔtɛˡləɪdjaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
bottleful (potelaid o gwrw = a bottle of beer; potel gwrw = a beer bottle)
y botelaid the bottleful

:_______________________________.

potel ddŵr poeth <po-tel dhuur POITH> [ˡpɔtɛl ˡđuːr ˡpɔɪθ] (feminine noun)
1
hot-water bottle

:_______________________________.

potes <PO-tes> [ˡpɔtɛs] masculine noun
North Wales
1
soup

2 affairs, business, concerns (in phrases expressing meddling or interfering);
rhoi eich bys ym mhotes rhywun
stick one's nose into someone else's affairs (“put one's finger in the soup (of) somebody”)

3 fel huddygl i botes without warning, suddenly, unexpectedly; out of the clear blue sky (“like soot (falling from the chimney) into the soup (i.e. in the cooking pot over the fire)”)

4 Fel y gwnei dy botes rhaid i ti ei fwyta You’ve made your bed and you must lie on it (“as you make your soup you must eat it”)

5 ei gadael hi rhwng rhywun a’i botes
to let somebody stew in their own juice = to leave somebody to deal unaided with the unfortunate consequences of their actions (“to leave it between somebody and his pottage”)

Gad hi rhyngddo a’i botes Let him stew in his own juice

ETYMOLOGY: English pottage < French potage = soup; that which is cooked in a pot, contents of a pot

:_______________________________.

potes maip <PO-tes MAIP> [ˡpɔtɛs ˡmaɪp] masculine noun
North Wales
1
turnip soup

2 Esmwyth gwsg potes maip (it is) untroubled (the) sleep (of) turnip soup

The meaning is that the poor who live on turnip soup do not have a troubled conscience, but those who steal sheep or poach game to have a more varied diet will live in fear of their thieving being discovered and having to suffer the severe penalites for theft - even being hanged; it is better to live in poverty but honestly than to thieve and be afraid of discovery

3 lol botes maip nonsense (“nonsense (of) soup (of) turnips”)

:_______________________________.

pothell <POO-thelh> [ˡpoˑθɛɬ] feminine noun
PLURAL
pothellau, pothelli <po-THEE-lhai, -lhe, -lhi> [pɔˡθeˑɬaɪ, -ɛ, -ɪ] 1 (skin) blister, weal
y bothell the blister

2 blister of paint

ETYMOLOGY: pothell (radical B mistaken for lenition of P) < bothell < Latin *bottelus; as in Latin, pothell was originally a masculine noun in Welsh, but as Welsh nouns with a final -ell tend to be feminine, pothell was eventually included within this group of feminine nouns

NOTE: there is a colloquial form polleth, with metathasis of th-ll > ll-th

:_______________________________.

potio <POT-yo> [ˡpɔtjɔ] verb
1
(verb without an object) drink (beer, etc)


Tair blynedd o botio fu ei gyfnod yn y coleg
His time at college was three years of drinking

Potio ei hochr hi yr oedden nhw They were drinking away, having as heavy drinking session, swilling it down (beer, etc) drinking copiously, really knocking it back

Mae o'n potio drwy'r dydd He drinks all day long

2 pot = put into pots

3 (snooker) pot a ball

ETYMOLOGY: (pot = pot) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

potsho <po-CHO> [ˡpɔʧɔ] masculine noun
1
poach = to cook in simmering water, milk, stock

ETYMOLOGY: (potsh-) + (-io suffix for forming verbs).

potsh- < English poach < French pocher (= “put in a bag”, from the fact that the yolks are held in the white of the egg) < poche (= pocket).

The French word poche is from Germanic, and related to English poke (= bag) (‘buy a pig in a poke’) < Old English pocca.

Modern French pocher (= to poach), oeuf poché (= poached egg).

:_______________________________.

potsiwr <PO-chur> [ˡpɔʧʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL
potswyr (potshwyr) <POCH-wir> [ˡpɔʧwɪr]
1
poacher
ci potsiwr lurcher (“dog (of) poacher”)

ETYMOLOGY: (pots(h)-
<poch> [pɔʧ] stem of potsio = to poach) + (-i-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

powan <POU-an> [ˡpɔʊan] masculine noun
PLURAL
powaniaid <pou-AN-yaid, -yed> [pɔʊˡanjaɪd, -jɛd]
1
(Coregonus clupeoides) powan, a species of freshwater whitefish found only in Llyn

and Llumonwy / Loch Lomond / Loch Laomainn in Scotland. Freshwater whitefishes are part of the salmon family Salmonidae

 

2 (Coregonus lavaretus) powan = common whitefish

ETYMOLOGY: English powan < Lowlandic (Scotland) powan < pollan < Irish pollán (=
Coregonus pollan) < poll (= lake)

:_______________________________.

powdr, powdrau <POU-dwr, -POU-drai, -dre> [ˡpɔʊdwr, ˡpɔʊdraɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
powder
2
powdr burum
<POU-dur-BI-rim> [ˡpɔʊdʊr ˡbɪrɪm] yeast powder
3
powdr cwstard
<POU-dur KU-stard> [ˡpɔʊdʊr ˡkʊstard] custard powder
4
powdr cyrri
<POU-dur KƏ-ri> [ˡpɔʊdʊr ˡkərɪ] curry powder
5
powdr golchi
<POU-dwr GOL-khi> [ˡpɔʊdwr ˡgɔlxɪ] washing powder

:_______________________________.

powlen, powlenni <POU-len, pou-LE-ni> [ˡpɔʊlɛn, pɔʊˡlɛnɪ] (feminine noun)
1
bowl
y bowlen the bowl
2
powlen salad
<POU-len SAA-lad> [ˡpɔʊlɛn ˡsɑˑlad] salad bowl

ETYMOLOGY: powl < bowlen (bowl < English bowl) + (-en diminutive suffix)

 

:_______________________________.

pownd <POUND> [pɔʊnd] (masculine noun)
PLURAL
powndiau ‹POUND-jai, -e› [ˡpɔʊndjaɪ, -ɛ]

(South Wales)

1 pond, pool

 

2 pound, pinfold, enclosure for stray animals

 

..a/ Pen-y-pownd SO2914 (misspelt on maps as “Pen-y-Pound”, with an English spelling of pownd, and an unnecessary capital P) district of Y Fenni, county of Mynwy.

The cricket ground of Clwb Criced y Fenni / Abergavenny Cricket Club is situated here, in Heol Pen-y-pownd / Penypound Road.

 

Stadiwm Pen-y-pownd / Penypound Stadium

Cwrt Pen-y-pownd / Penypound Court (street name)

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO2914 Y Fenni

 

..b/ Pen-y-pownd SN9391 Road in Llawr-y-glyn, near Caer-sws, Powys

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1906133 Llawr-y-glyn

 

..c/ Y Pownd-glas SN2119 farm by Llanboudy / Llanboidy, county of Caerfyrddin (on the Ordnance Survey map as “Pound-glas”)

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/961872 Y Pownd-glas

 

ETYMOLOGY: English pound (= pond; enclosure) < Old English pund-, found as the first element of the Old English word pundfald (= in modern Englidh as “pinfold”).

 

NOTE: A variant of pownd is pown.

 

NOTE: Pownd is often misspelt on English-language maps as pound


:_______________________________.

powys <POU-is> [ˡpɔʊɪs] masculine noun
1 (obsolete) rest
gorffwys to rest < gorphowys (gor- augmentative prefix) + spirant mutaiton + (powys = rest)

:_______________________________.

Powys <POU-is> [ˡpɔʊɪs]
1
gwlad (= statelet) in the medieval period
Before the English invasion of Britain, until about 655 it included most of present-day Shropshire in England


Powys Fadog the half of Powys belonging to Madog (Madog ap Grufudd ap Madog ap Maredudd) a great-grandson of Maredudd, with its centre at Dinas Brân (near Llangollen)


Powys Wenwynwyn the half of Powys belonging to Gwenwynwyn (d.1216), (Gwenwynwyn ab Owain ap Gruffudd ap Maredudd), also a great-grandson of Maredudd, with its centre at Y Trallwng

2 A county in east central Wales, formed in 1974 in the first reorganisation of counties by amalgamating three severely depopulated counties on the border with England (Sir Drefaldwyn, Sir Faesyfed and Sir Frycheiniog). It was retained as a county after the second reorganisation in 1996. It is the largest county in Wales, being a quarter of the area of the country 5 077km2 out of 20 768km2 , with only 3% of the population (approximately 100 000 residents out of some 3 000 000)


It roughly coincides with the area of the old kingdom of Powys


Sir Powys the county of Powys

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Powys < *poghwys < *pawghwys < British < Latin pâgęs-es < pâgęns-es (= country dwellers) < pâgus (= village).

Cf Welsh pagan < English pagan < Church Latin pâgânus (= civilian, a person who is not a soldier of Christ) < (country dweller, villager) < pâgus (= village)

The exact sense of Powys is possibly “inhabitants of the open country”, since it is an area of
uplands bounded by mountains to the north, west and south; or it referred to the lower-lying ground to the east (e.g. the Shropshire plain) which was lost by the Welsh with the arrival of the Anglian -English invaders

(delwedd 7091)
:_______________________________.

Powyseg <pou-I-seg> [pɔʊˡɪsɛg] (feminine noun, adjective)
1
the dialect of Powys
y Bowyseg the dialect of Powys

(delwedd 7423)
:_______________________________.

praff <PRAAF> [prɑːf] (adjective)
1
bod pen praffa’r ffon gan... have the advantage, give the orders, have the last word (“have the thickest end of the stick”)

Mae pen praffa’r ffon nawr gan y masnachwyr a nhw sydd yn penderfynnu’r pris a gaiff y ffermwyr am y llaeth
The merchants now have the last word and they are the ones who decide the price the farmers will get for their milk

:_______________________________.

praidd, preiddiau ‹PRAIDH, PREIDH ye› (masculine noun)
1
herd, flock

praidd o ddefaid a flock of sheep

praidd o dri chant o ddefaid a flock of three hundred sheep

praidd o eifr a herd of goats


2
flock = worshippers in a church

:_______________________________.

prawf, profion ‹PRAUV, PROV yon› (masculine noun)
1
test

2 Mae’r eithriad yn brawf ar y rheol
The exception proves the rule (“the exception is a test on the rule”)

3 rhoi prawf ar allu rhywun put somebody through his paces
(“put (a) test on (the) ability (of) somebody”)

4 maen prawf touchstone = siliceous stone or kind of quartz, usually black, used
for testing alloys of gold and silver by rubbing them on the stone
and examining the colour of the streak left on the stone

5 trial
sefyll eich prawf am
be tried for, stand trial for

6 cerdyn prawf test card - an image broadcast by a television channel when the transmitter is active but there is no programme being shown. It indicates what company is using the channel, and a pattern on it serves for adjusting the TV set to obtain a correct setting.

:_______________________________.

pregeth, pregethau ‹PREE geth, pre GEE thai -the› (feminine noun)
1
sermon
y bregeth the sermon

2 dilyn eich pregeth eich hun practise what you preach (“follow your own sermon”)

:_______________________________.

pregethu ‹pre GEE thi› (verb)
1
to preach

:_______________________________.

pregethwr, pregethwyr ‹pre GEE thur, pre GETH wir› (masculine noun)
1
preacher

:_______________________________.

Preiddiau Annwfn preidh-ye a-nuvn›
1 poem in the Book of Taliesin which was written between 900-1000

ETYMOLOGY: "(the) spoils (of) Annwfn (
‹= the Otherworld)
(preiddiau, plural of praidd = booty) + (Annwfn = the Netherworld, the Otherworld)

:_______________________________.

preifat ‹PREI vat› (adjective)
1
private
2
menter breifat private enterprise

:_______________________________.

pren, prennau ‹PREN, PRE nai  , ne › (masculine noun)
1
wood (material)

2 (South Wales) tree

prennau’r goedwig the trees in the wood

3 mefusbren (Arbutus unedo) strawberry tree
(mefus = strawberries) + soft mutation + (pren = tree)

4 stiff fel pren (“stiff like wood”)

5 brenhinbren “the tree which is king”
brenhinbren y goedwig king of the forest, the tree which is king of the forest, the oak (“(the) king-tree (of) the forest”)

6 methu gweld y coed gan brennau not see the wood for the trees

7
pren helyg (m) (prennau helyg) (Salix) willow tree See: helygen

8 chwythbren woodwind instrument
 chwyth- stem of chwythu = to blow) + soft mutation + ( pren = wood)

9 (attributive) wooden, made of wood

tegan pren wooden toy

10 (in denoting something of little value)

eos bren (south-east) a terrible singer, somebody with no talent for singing (“wooden nightingale”)

dimai bren ‹di-me-bren›
[ˡdɪmai / ˡdɪmɛ ˡbrɛn] feminine noun
South Wales brass farthing = the least amount ("wooden halfpenny")

Dyw e ddim yn hidio dimai bren am... He doesn’t care a fig for (he doesn’t heed a wooden halfpenny for...)

 seren bren something quite useless ("wooden star")

Dyw e ddim ond seren bren It's completely useless (“it is not but a wooden star”)

 (seren = star) + soft mutation + (pren = wood)

 

11 ceubren ‹kei-bren› (m) PLURAL ceubrennau, ceubrenni ‹ kei- bre -ne, -ni›
hollow tree (ceu- < cau = hollow, empty) + soft mutation + (pren = tree)

 

12 impyn o’r un pren ‹im-pin or iin pren› South Wales
(said of someone who is from the same family)

("a shoot from the same tree")
(impyn = shoot) + (o’r from the) + (un = one; same) + (pren = tree)

 

13 torbren nm torbrennau off-cut (tor- stem of torri = to break) + soft mutation + (pren = wood)

 

14 cambren nm cambrennau gambrel; frame, horizontal pole for hanging a pig from after slaughter; butcher's tree, frame for hanging a pig’s carcass (it has the shape of a horse's hind leg, hence the English word gambrel (= horse’s hind leg; butcher’s tree)  < Anglo-French gamberel  < Northern French gambe = leg, < Latin gamba = hoof) (Modern French has jambe = leg)
:_______________________________.

prendrig pren-drig› adjective
1
tree-dwelling

ETYMOLOGY: (pren = tree) + soft mutation + (trig-, stem of trigo = to inhabit )

:_______________________________.

pren mesur, prennau mesur ‹pren ME sir, pre ne ME sir› (masculine noun)
1
measuring stick, yardstick

2
yardstick, criterion of comparison

ETYMOLOGY: (“wood (of) measuring”) (pren = [piece of] wood) + (mesur = measuring)
:_______________________________.

Y Pren-teg ‹pren-teeg settlement name
1
SH 5841 locality in Gwynedd, 3km north-east of Porthmadog

ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (if this is the original name, and not an adaptation of some earlier name) ‘the fair tree’ (y definite article) + (pren = tree) + (teg = fair)

:_______________________________.

Pren-las ‹pren-LAAS › (but see note below)
1
Primlaws NO2401, near Town Yetholm, Scotland (south-west of Kelso)

(Prinlaws Road at the western end of Leslie; The Prinlaws – name of a public house here)


(delwedd 7021)


1861 Parochial Directory for Fife and Kinross: Leslie parish. This parish, containing the Burgh of Barony of its own name and the contiguous village of Prinlaws, lies at the southern base of the Lomond Hills, between them and the river Leven, which traces its southern boundary, dividing it from Kinglassie. It is bounded on the east by the parish of Markinch, on the north by Falkland, and on the west by Portmoak in Kinross-shire

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/480871 Leslie from the west

ETYMOLOGY: Early forms of Primside show that it is a Welsh (Cumbric) name.

The meaning “green tree” has been suggested

(pren = tree) + soft mutation + (glas = green).

In modern Welsh, pren is a masculine noun; in Cumbric it seems to have been a feminine noun.

 

NOTE: The name however seems somewhat odd, and does not correspond to naming patterns in Wales, Cornwall or Brittany (“pren” is not a usual element – the type of tree is always specified – oak, ash, birch, etc). Another suggestion is that it is in fact the word corresponding to Welsh bryn (= hill), and it would be “Bryn-las” in modern Welsh, although again the gender of the noun is at variance with that of the modern Welsh word.

 

Bryn Glas, Glasfryn are common name in Wales. There are no instrances of  Pren-glas /  Glasbren.


:_______________________________.

Pren-wen ‹pren-WEN › (but see note below)

1
Primside NT8026, near Town Yetholm, Scotland (south-west of Kelso)


(delwedd 7020)


http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/91777 Primside Farm

ETYMOLOGY: Early forms of Primside show that it is a Welsh (Cumbric) name. It has been suggested that it is “white tree” (pren = tree) + soft mutation + (gwen. feminine form of gwyn = white).

In modern Welsh, pren is a masculine noun; if this is the word in question, then in Cumbric it seems to have been a feminine noun.

NOTE: The name however seems somewhat odd, and does not correspond to naming patterns in Wales, Cornwall or Brittany (“pren” is not a usual element – the type of tree is always specified – oak, ash, birch, etc). Another suggestion is that it is in fact the word corresponding to Welsh bryn (= hill), and it would be “Bryn-wen” in modern Welsh, although again the gender of the noun is at variance with that of the modern Welsh word.

 

Bryn Gwyn, Gwynfryn are common name in Wales. There are no instrances of  Pren-gwyn /  Gwynbren.


:_______________________________.

prentis pren-tis› masculine noun
PLURAL
prentisiaid ‹pren-ti-shaid, -ed›
1
apprentice = person who is learning a trade having agreed to work for a certain number of years for an employer while learning

2 a learner of any craft or skill (apprentice + noun);
prentis gyrrwr learner driver
prentis prydydd an apprentice poet

ETYMOLOGY: English prentice (in standard modern English it has reverted to the full form apprentice) < Old French aprentis < aprendre (= to learn) < Latin apprehendere (= grasp, get hold of), < ad + pre + hendere

The clipped form still occurs in English as a surname PRENTICE

Other English clipped forms are in use in Welsh. The clipped form in English may no longer be in use in some cases, since the full form has replaced it

Another example is Welsh sterics, (English hysterics)

:_______________________________.

prepiwr prep-yur› masculine noun
PLURAL
prepwyr prep-wir›
North Wales
1
chatterbox

:_______________________________.

preri pre-ri› masculine noun
PLURAL
preris pre-ris›
1
prairie (in the midwest of the United States)

NOTE: Not recorded as yet (2004-04-23) in existing Welsh dictionaries; Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / the University of Wales Dictionary does not include it.

Not included either in Geiriadur yr Acádemi (Welsh Academy English-Welsh Dictionary), which has as the standard forms for “prairie” paith / peithdir / gwastatir

2
Preri Bach (“little prairie”) Name of a location in Minnesota

“The late Humphrey Jones built his residence upon the identical spot where his first cabin stood, and he and Thomas Y. Davis loved to talk of the good old time when they first batched it together in Judson, and many were the adventures they had to relate. Sunday, May 27
‹1855›, the two took a walk into the terra incognito further up the Minnesota river, as far as the western edge of the present town of Cambria. There they discovered the bottom land known as the "Little Prairie" (Prairie Bach), also Cambria creek and the Little Cottonwood, and the long neck of upland prairie between the two streams, where Horeb church now stands. This strip of prairie from half a mile to a mile in width, wedged in between the two belts of timber, was, they thought, the most beautiful spot they had ever seen. Large spreading oak trees standing singly and in groups like lordly sentinels of the place, clumps of hazel bushes and red-topped sumach,

{sumac, also sumach - any of several anacardiaceous shrubs or small trees of the genus Rhus. Middle English < Medieval Latin < Arabic summâq. Webster's Dictionary}

and small groves of the dainty poplar, were scattered over the prairie as if by design, while the dovetailing of prairie and woodland and the deep indenturers and recesses winding far into the forest like the avenues of a mighty labyrinth, gave the appearance of a magnificent park.”

(History of the Welsh in Minnesota, Foreston and Lime Springs, Iowa, gathered by the Old Settlers / Edited by the Reverends Thomas E. Hughes and David Edwards, and Messrs. Hugh G. Roberts and Thomas Hughes / 1895 / Page 31)


(((delwedd 0335)

Preri Bach Saloon and Grill, Main Street, Cambria Township, Minnesota, MN16073, (Ionawr / January 2004)

(I have come across another photo on the following website:
http://www.cheloniadesign.com/Baby/photo_album/month_8/1/943_preri_bach.jpg )

(2008-10-16 link no longer working)

:_______________________________.

pres ‹PREES› (masculine noun)
1
brass

Band Pres Porthaethwy Menai Bridge Brass Band

2 (slang) money; dosh, dough, bread

Sgenti bres? (A oes gennyt ti bres?) Have you got any money?

 

NOTE: In the English dialect of Llanidloes:
BRASS, copper coinage and the present bronze coinage. “Hast ee any brass?” Have you any copper, or bronze coins? (Parochial Account of Llanidloes / Edward Hamer / Chapter X / Folk-lore. Page 282 Collections Historical and Archeological  Relating to Montgomeryshire and its Borders / 1877)

 

Olde Cheshire Dialecte. http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm

brass: copper coins

 


3 Coleg y Trwyn Pres Brasenose College, University of Oxford (“(the) college (of) the nose (of) brass”)

:_______________________________.

Presbyteraidd ‹pres-bə--redh› adjective
1
Presbyterian = (church) with a Calvanistic interpretation of Christianity and governed by presbyters or lay elders (that is, not by clerics)


y Coleg Presbyteraidd yng Nghaerfyrddin
the Presbyterina College in Caerfyrddin

2 eglwys Bresbyteraidd Presbyterian church (building for worship)


Yr Eglwys Bresbyteraidd Gymraeg, Melbourne, Awstralia
The Welsh (= Welsh-language) Presbyterian Church, Melbourne, Australia

3 Eglwys Bresbyteraidd Cymru The Presbyterian Church of Wales

Name of a denomination; also known by their old description of Y Methodistiaid Calfinaidd the Calvinistic Methodists, or Yr Hen Gorff = the Old Organisation (“the old body”)

ETYMOLOGY: (presbyter = presbyter) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

preseb pre-seb› masculine noun
PLURAL
presebau ‹pre-sEE-bai, be›
1
manger = trough for horses or cattle to eat from

2 (Bible) crib = manger in the stable of the inn at Bethlehem where the new-born Jesus was placed

Luc 2:7 A hi a esgorodd ar ei mab cyntaf-anedig, ac a'i rhwymodd ef mewn cadachau, ac a'i dododd ef yn y preseb; am nad oedd iddynt le yn y llety
Luke 2:7 And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn

3 fel ci yn y preseb (qv) like a dog in the manger – said of someone in possession of something which he or she won’t let another person have or use, though it is of no use to him or her.

The image is of a dog lying on the hay in a manger and so preventing hungry cattle from eating the hay.

4 Y Preseb Praesepe = a cluster of hundreds of stars in the constellation Cancer, visible to the naked eye in the form of a hazy patch of light

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin *presep- < praesep- < praesaep-
From the same British root: Cornish preseb (= manger, crib), Breton prezeb (= manger, crib)

:_______________________________.

presennol ‹pre SE nol› (adjective)
1
present

:_______________________________.

preserfio ‹pre-serv-yo› verb
1
preserve = cook in sugar to prevent deterioration

ETYMOLOGY: (preserf- < English to preserve) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

Prestatyn ‹pre STA tin›
1
village in the north-east.SJ0682

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/724208

:_______________________________.

preswylfa ‹pre-suil-va› feminine noun
PLURAL
preswylfaoedd, preswylféydd ‹pre-suil-vAA-odh, pre-suil-veidh

1 dwelling, abode
y breswylfa the abode

2
Preswylfa chapel name (e.g. Methodist chapel in Cyffordd Llandudno, county of Conwy)

Salmau 26:8 ARGLWYDD, hoffais drigfan dy dŷ, a lle preswylfa dy ogoniant.
Psalms 26:8 LORD, I have loved the habitation of thy house, and the place where thine honour dwelleth.

3
Preswylfa (house name) = Home (possibly a favourite house name partly as a result of its use in the Bible for a ‘house of God’ as in the previous quotation).

4 street name (Preswylfa, Llanberis)

Also as a component in street names:
Heol Preswylfa, Caer-dydd
Cwrt Preswylfa, Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr, South-east Wales

5
Preswylfa wrongly cited as an explanation of Preseli, name of an upland in the county of Penfro.

(Lewis' Topographical Dictionary of Wales (1833):
“Part of the Precelly mountain, which is the highest in South Wales, is within its limits: the ancient Welsh name of this mountain is Preswylva, signifying “a place of residence,” and is derived from its having been the resort of the natives, as a place of security, in the intestine wars by which this part of the principality was agitated during the earlier periods of its history.”)

This upland name is in fact Prys Selyf (woodland of Selyf) (Selyf = Welsh form of Solomon)

ETYMOLOGY: (preswyl, stem of the verb preswyl = to reside) + (-fa = place)

:_______________________________.

Preswylva ‹pre-suil-va›
1 poor spelling for Preswylfa, with English "v"
‹v› instead of Welsh "f" ‹v› (though see the entry for the letter v for the attempt to promote this letter in Welsh in the nineteenth century) .

Sometimes spelt this way as a house name in the nineteenth-century.

This is the spelling found in "A Topographical Dictionary of Wales" (1833) (Samuel Lewis)
"Part of the Precelly mountain, which is the highest in South Wales, is within its limits: the ancient Welsh name of this mountain is Preswylva, signifying "a place of residence," and is derived from its having been the resort of the natives, as a place of security, in the intestine wars by which this part of the principality was agitated during the earlier periods of its history."


(See the entry Preswylfa for the correct derivation of the name!)


:_______________________________.

preswylydd, preswylwyr ‹pre-SUI-lidh, pre-SUIL-wir› (m)
1
inhabitant, dweller

preswylydd ogof cave dweller; plural preswylwyr ogof (if living in one cave) , preswylydd ogofâu (if living in caves in general)

:_______________________________.

PRETONIC SYLLABLE

The loss of the pretonic syllable in Welsh is a very common feature

Some examples:

Afon Na
ddawan > Afon Ddawan (In English, River Thaw, taken from the clipped version of the name)

The loss of the linking definite article when it is a pretonic syllable also occurs; this is especially noticeable in place names

Pen-y-
bont > Pen-bont “Pem-bont(“bridge end”)

Pen-y-
cae > Pen-cae (“field end / side / edge”)

Glanyr
afon > Glanrafon (“river side”)

:_______________________________.

prff.
1 abbreviatio
n = perffaith (perfect tense)

:_______________________________.

pric prik masculine noun
PLURAL
priciau prik-ye›
1
stick

2 ox goad

3 priciau cynnau tân kindling, firewood

4 stirring stick, stick for stirring

pric troi uwd porridge stirrer, stick for stirring porridge
In the magazine Llafar Gwlad, number 73, Haf (summer) 2001 an article by Bobi Owen on nicknames in Dinbych (‘Denbigh’ in English) mentions Dic Pric Troi Uwd (“Dic of the porridge stick”), and states ‘enw sydd yn ein hatgoffa am yr arfer ers talwm o roi’r plentyn ieuengaf yn y teulu i eistedd wrth y lle tân i droi’r uwd yn y crochan rhag iddo geulo’ (a name which reminds us of the practice in the past of sitting the youngest child in the family to sit by the fireplace and stir the porridge in the cooking pot to stop it from congealing / going lumpy)

6 (South Wales) penis
Also as a disparaging expression for a person: prick
’En bric yw a (Hen bric yw ef) He’s a prick

7 (North-east Wales) pric clust earache

8 (North-east Wales) pric pwdin
..1/ stick placed across the mouth of a cooking pot from which a pudding in a pudding cloth is suspended for boiling
..2/ laughing stock, object of derision,
..3/ stooge, person manipulated or used by another

9 (South-east Wales) shooting pain, sudden pain

10 pric cwyr taper = thin candle

11 pric edafedd yarn stick = stick used in making yarn from strands of fibre
Mae ganddo goesau fel priciau ’dafedd

(said of someone with very thin legs) He’s got legs like spindles (literally “like yarn sticks”)

12
pric coctel cocktail stick

ETYMOLOGY: English prick (= ox-goad, pointed stick) < Old English prica (= point); there are similar words in Dutch and the Scandinavian languages

:_______________________________.

prid ‹PRIID› (adjective)
1
(South) expensive. Literary equivalent: drud
‹driid›

:_______________________________.

pridd ‹PRIIDH› (masculine noun)
1
earth

2
Mae e dan ddwylath o bridd He’s dead and buried, He’s six foot under, He’s pushing up the daisies (“he’s under two yards of earth”)

3 uwchbridd topsoil
uwch bridd (uwch = highest, top) + soft mutation + (pridd = earth, soil)

4 cob = a mixture of earth / clay and straw (for tensile strength) to make blocks for building walls; other additional ingredients are sand / cow dung or horse dung / horsehair / sheep’s wool

tŷ pridd a house build of blocks of cob

Occurs in the place name Pont-y-tŷ-pridd (“(the) bridge (by) the cob house”), shortened in the mid 1800s to the rather meaningless Pont-y-pridd (“(the) bridge (of) the cob / (of) the soil”),

:_______________________________.

priddlestr pridh-lestr› masculine noun
PLURAL
priddlestri ‹piridh-le-stri›
1
earthernware pot, piece of pottery )

ETYMOLOGY: pridd lestr (pridd = earth ) + soft mutation + (llestr = vessel )

:_______________________________.

priddbwll pridh-bulh› masculine noun
PLURAL
priddbyllau ‹pridh-bə-lhe›
1 clay pit

2 Priddbwll house name, Abergwyngregyn SH 6572 (county of Conwy), mentioned in the 1851 Census

ETYMOLOGY: pridd bwll (pridd = earth, clay) + soft mutation + ( pwll = hole, pit)

:_______________________________.

prif ‹PRIIV› (adjective)
1
principal

2 (foremost in rank)
Prif Lyngesydd Admiral of the Fleet, naval equivalent of an army general or field marshal

:_______________________________.

prifardd pri-vardh› masculine noun
PLURAL
prifeirdd pri-veirdh›
1
chief poet, winner of the chair for the 'awdl' (strict-metre poem) at the national eisteddfod

2 also as a title for the writer of the winning 'awdl'
y Prifardd D. Lloyd Jenkins the principal poet D. Lloyd Jenkins

ETYMOLOGY: prifardd < príf-fardd

prif fardd

(prif = main, chief) + soft mutation + (bardd = poet)

:_______________________________.

prifathrawes, prifathrawesau ‹pri va THRAU es, pri va thrau E se› (feminine noun)
1
school director (Englandic: headmistress)
y brifathrawes the headmistress

:_______________________________.

prifathro, prifathrawon ‹pri VA thro, pri va THRAU on› (masculine noun)
1
school director (Englandic: headmaster)

:_______________________________.

prifddinas ‹priiv-dhî-nas› feminine noun
PLURAL
prifddinasoedd ‹priiv-dhi-na-sodh›
1
capital city
y brifddinas the capital city

Caer-dydd prifddinas Cymru Caer-dydd, capital of Wales

Y Brifddinas the Capital (= Caer-dydd)

mewn gwahanol fannau o'r Brifddinas a'r cylch
in different parts of the capital city and its environs

2 yn y brifddinas

(1) in the capital

(2) in the context of Wales, = in Caer-dydd (the city was proclaimed the capital in 1955)

(3) formerly, in the context of Wales, = in the capital of the English state, in London
Mae yn y brif-ddinas lawer o gannoedd o Gymry (Seren Gomer, 1835) There are in the capital (= London) many hundreds of Welsh people

3 capital = main centre of some activity

Bob blwyddyn y mae pentref bychan Tregaron yn brifddinas rasus trotian y byd
Every year the little village of Tregaron is the world capital of trotting races

ETYMOLOGY: prif ddinas (prif = main) + soft mutation + (dinas = city)

:_______________________________.

priffordd, priffyrdd ‹PRI fordh, PRI fyrdh› (feminine noun)
1
main road
y briffordd the main road

:_______________________________.

prif gwnstabl, prif gwnstablau ‹priiv GUN sta bəl, priiv gun STA ble› (masculine noun)
1
chief constable, head of a police force

:_______________________________.

prifio ‹PRIV yo› (verb)
1
grow
2
prifio’n ddyn grow up to be a man, become a man

:_______________________________.

priflythyren, priflythrennau ‹priv lə THƏ ren, priv lə THRE ne› (feminine noun)
1
capital letter
y briflythyren the capital letter

:_______________________________.

prifswm, prifsymiau ‹PRIV sum, priv SƏM ye› (masculine noun)
1
capital

:_______________________________.

prifwyl priv-uil› feminine noun
1
y Brifwyl the national eisteddfod

yn y Brifwyl ddilynol in the following eisteddfod, in the eisteddfod after that

ETYMOLOGY: prif wyl (prif = main) + soft mutation + (gwyl = festival)
:_______________________________.

prifwythiennol ‹priv-wř-thi-E-nol› adj
1
arterial

strydoedd prifwythiennol o amgylch Parc y Rhath
arterial roads around Roath Park

ETYMOLOGY: prifwythienn-, penult form of prifwythďen (= artery) + (-i-ol = adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.

prifysgol, prifysgolion ‹pri VƏ skol, pri və SKOL yon› (feminine noun)
1
university
y brifysgol the university

:_______________________________.

prěn ‹PRIN› (adjective)
1
scarce

2 mynd yn brin ar (rywun) am (rywbeth) run short of something (“become scarce on somebody around / for something”)

bod yn brin (o rywbeth) ar (rywun) be running short of something (“be scarce of something on somebody”)
Mae hi’n brěn o de arno’ ni
We’re running out of tea

3
Prěn chwedl, llawn chwedl No news is good news (“scarce report, full report”)

4
un o’r bobl brin hynny sydd... one of the few people who...

5 gydag eithriadau prin with few exceptions

6 gorau po brinnaf the least the better
Gorau po brinnaf cyfeirio at y pethau hyn The least said about these things the better (“the least the better referring to these things”

7 mor brin â chachu ceffyl pren (said of something scarce) “as scarce as the shit of a wooden horse”

:_______________________________.

prěn ddigon ‹prin dhî-gon›
1


Does gen i ond prin ddigon
I’ve only just got enough, I’ve none to spare

2 prin ddigon i scarcely enough to...
cyflog prin ddigon i fyw arno
a wage scarcely enough to live on, a subsistence wage

ETYMOLOGY: (prin = scarcely) + soft mutation + (digon = enough, sufficient)

:_______________________________.

prinder ‹PRIN der› (masculine noun)
1
scarcity

:_______________________________.

prěn eich Saesneg prin əkh Səs-neg› adjective
1
who doesn't speak much English, who didn't speak much English (“scarce one's English”)

Aeth dyn prin ei Saesneg i ymweld â'r meddyg...
A man who didn't speak much English went to the doctor's... (“to visit the doctor”)

:_______________________________.

printiedig ‹print YE dig› (adjective)
1
printed

:_______________________________.

printio ‹PRINT yo› (verb)
1
to print

:_______________________________.

printiwr print-yur› masculine noun
PLURAL
printwyr print-wir›
1
(computer) printer = machine for printing documents

ETYMOLOGY: (print- = stem of printio = to print) + (-i-wr suffix for indicating a device or an agent; literally = man)

:_______________________________.

prěn un o ‹prin iin oo› pronoun
1
scarcely a single one of...
prin un ohonyn nhw scarcely a single one of them

ETYMOLOGY: (prin = scarcely) + (un = one) + (o = of)

:_______________________________.

priod ‹PRII od› (adjective)
1
married

2 gwraig briod, gwragedd priod
‹gwraig BRI od, gwra gedh PRI od› (feminine noun)
married woman

3 gŵr priod, gwyr priod
‹guur PRI od, gwiir PRI od› (masculine noun)
married man

:_______________________________.

priod ‹PRII od› (m)
1
spouse; husband or wife

O! ’m bachgen glwys a’m priod llon,

Oh, my pretty boy and my cheerful wife

 

p. 29, Siencyn Ddwywaith, 1872

:_______________________________.

priodas, priodasau ‹priO das, pri o DA se› (feminine noun)
1
marriage
y briodas the marriage

2 priodas orfod PLURAL priodasau gorfod shotgun wedding (“wedding of obligation”)

3 modrwy briodas PLURAL modrwyau priodas wedding ring

4 anrheg briodas PLURAL anrhegion priodas wedding present

5 gwledd briodas wedding feast
cynnal gwledd briodas hold a wedding feast
cael gwledd briodas have a wedding feast


:_______________________________.

priodas fantais ‹pri-ô das van-tes›
PLURAL
priodasau mantais ‹pri-o-da –se man-tes›
1
marriage of convenience

ETYMOLOGY: (priodas = marriage) + soft mutation + (mantais = advantage)

:_______________________________.

priodfab, priodfeibion ‹pri OD vab, priod VEIB yon› (masculine noun)
1
(wedding) bridegroom

:_______________________________.

priodferch, priodferched ‹pri OD verkh, priod VER khed› (feminine noun)
1
(wedding) bride
y briodferch the bride

:_______________________________.

priodi ‹pri O di› (verb)
1
to marry; to get married
2
priodi am yr eildro / priodi’r eildro get married for the second time

:_______________________________.

priodol ‹pri O dol› (adjective)
1
appropriate

:_______________________________.

prion, p'rion priI-on› adjective
1
South Wales fine, all right; reduced form of purion

:_______________________________.

priordy, priordai ‹pri OR di, pri OR dai› (masculine noun)
1
priory

:_______________________________.

pris, prisiau ‹PRIIS, PRIS ye› (masculine noun)
1
price

2 am brisiau is o lawer at greatly reduced prices, at much reduced prices (“for prices lower by-a-great-extent”)

3 gosod pris i rywun am rywbeth quote a price for something (“set a price to someone for something”)

:_______________________________.

Prisiart pri-shart›
1
patronymic – son of Rhisiart
2
surname (anglicised form: Prichard, Pritchard)

:_______________________________.

pro proo preposition
1
pro, in favor / favour of
pro-Seisnig pro-English
pro-Gymréig pro-Welsh

ETYMOLOGY: English pro < Latin pro

:_______________________________.

problem, problemau ‹PRO blem, pro BLE me› (feminine noun)
1
problem
y broblem the problem

:_______________________________.

procer, procerau ‹PRO ker, pro KEE re› (masculine noun)
1
poker
2
stiff fel procer (eg the back after lifting heavy oblects) (as) stiff as a poker (“stiff like (a) poker”)

:_______________________________.

profedigaeth ‹pro-ve-DII-gaith, -geth› (f)

PLURAL profedigaethau <pro-ve-di-GEI-thai, -e> [prɔfʊɪdɔlˡjəɪθaɪ, -ɛ]
1 misfortune

 

2 bereavement

cael profedigaeth lose somebody close to you, lose someone through death

lwfans profedigaeth bereavement allowance

y rhai mewn profedigaeth the breaved, those who have lost someone through death

 

3 temptation

 

:_______________________________.

proffes, proffesau <PROO-fes, pro-FE-sai, -e> [ˡprɔfɛs, prɔˡfɛsaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)

1 profession of faith

proffes o ffydd profession of faith (Catholicism). A public statement of one’s acceptance of the teachings of the Catholic Church.


2 religious faith
tor proffes
apostasy (“breach of religious faith”)

:_______________________________.

proffesiwn, proffesiynau <pro-FE-shun, pro-fe-SHƏ-nai, -e> [prɔˡfɛʃʊn, prɔfɛˡʃənaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
profession

:_______________________________.

proffwyd, proffwydi <PROO-fuid, pro-FUI-di> [ˡproˑfʊɪd, prɔˡfʊɪdɪ] (masculine noun)
1
prophet

Sant Marc 6:4 Ond yr Iesu a ddywedodd wrthynt, Nid yw proffwyd yn ddibris ond yn ei wlad ei hun, ac ymhlith ei genedl ei hun, ac yn ei dŷ ei hun.  

Saint Mark 6:4 But Jesus said unto them, A prophet is not without honour, but in his own country, and among his own kin, and in his own house.
:_______________________________.

proffwydol <pro-FUI-dol> [prɔˡfʊɪdɔl] adjective
1 prophetic = foretelling, giving a prediction

2 prophetic = relating to a prophet, or to prophecy

ETYMOLOGY: (proffwyd = prophet) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

proffwydoliaeth <prof-ui-DOL-yaith, -yeth> [prɔfʊɪˡdɔljaɪθ, -ɛθ] feminine noun
PLURAL
proffwydoliaethau <prof-ui-dol-YEI-thai, -e> [prɔfʊɪdɔlˡjəɪθaɪ, -ɛ]
1 prophecy

2 Drych Proffwydoliaeth: Neu Wiredd, Dyben, A Deongliad Proffwydoliaethau Yr Ysgrythyrau Sanctaidd (Year of publication: ?) by the Reverend John Hughes, Liverpool (1850-1932).
“A mirror of prophecy: or the truth, purpose and interpretation of the miracles of the Holy Scriptures”.

ETYMOLOGY: (proffwydol = prophetic) + (-i-aeth suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

profi <PROO-vi> [ˡproˑvɪ] (verb)
1
test, try
2
prove to be
profi yn llond yr enw / profi'n llond yr enw turn out to be exactly as the name suggests

Yn y flwyddyn 1797, yn mhen dwy flynedd wedi ei urddiad, efe a gymerodd Mary Brees y Coed, yn ymgeledd cymwys iddo ei hun, yr hon yn ol iaith traddodiad a brofodd yn llon’d yr enw.
In the year 1797, two years after his ordination, he took Mary Brees from Y Coed as a wife (“suitable help”), who, according to tradition, turn out to be exactly as the name suggests.

NOTE ON ymgeledd cymwys (= helpmate; helpful wife or husband, literally ‘‘suitable help’)

Genesis 18:20
Hefyd yr Arglwydd Dduw a ddywedodd, Nid da bod y dyn ei hunan; gwnaf iddo ymgeledd cymwys iddo...
(18:20) Ac Adda a enwodd enwau ar yr holl anifeiliaid, ac ar ehediad y nefoedd ac ar holl fwystfilod y maes;
ond ni chafodd efe i Adda ymgeledd cymwys iddo

Genesis 18:20 And the Lord God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him...

(18:20) And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not
found an help meet for him

3 haeru cyn profi (“assert before proving”) to beg the question / to beggar the question,
"beg the question, in the logical sense", give a circular argument = assume that something not yet put to the test is already proved. The English expression “begging the question” was originally “beggaring the question” as in “leaving it lacking something, leaving it in need of something”, rather as if you have made it into a beggar who is asking you for money or food.

Wikipedia 2008-09-20

Fallacy of Petitio Principii. The Latin term was incorporated into English in the sixteenth century. The Latin version, Petitio Principii (from peto, petere, petivi, petitus: attack, aim at, desire, beg, entreat, ask (for), reach towards, make for; principii: genitive of principium: beginning or principle), literally means "begging or taking for granted of the beginning or of a principle." That is, the premise (the principle, the beginning) depends on the truth of the very matter in question. The Latin phrase comes from the Greek en archei aiteisthai in Aristotle’s Prior Analytics II xvi:

Begging or assuming the point at issue consists (to take the expression in its widest sense) in failing to demonstrate the required proposition. But there are several other ways in which this may happen; for example, if the argument has not taken syllogistic form at all […]. If, however, the relation of B to C is such that they are identical, or that they are clearly convertible, or that one applies to the other, then he is begging the point at issue.


:_______________________________.

profiad, profiadau <PROV-yad, prov-YAA-dai, -e> [ˡprɔvjad, prɔvˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
experience

dibrofiad inexperienced

:_______________________________.

profion <PROV-yon> [ˡprɔvjɔn] (plural noun)
1
tests; see prawf

:_______________________________.

pro-Gymréig <proo-gəm-REIG> [proˑ gəmˡrəɪg] adjective
1
pro-Welsh
Cf gwrth-Gymréig anti-Welsh

ETYMOLOGY: (pro = pro) + soft mutation + (Cymréig = Welsh)

:_______________________________.

prom <PROM> [prɔm] (masculine noun)
1
= promenâd

Y Prom name of a street in Cricieth (English name: The Esplanade)
:_______________________________.

promenâd, promenadau <pro-me-NAAD, pro-me-NAA-dai, -de> [prɔmɛˡnɑːd, prɔmɛˡnɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
promenade = seaside walk

:_______________________________.

pro-Seisnig ‹proo-seis-nig› adjective
1
pro-English
Cf gwrth-Seisnig anti-English

ETYMOLOGY: (pro = pro) + (Seisnig = English)

:_______________________________.

proses, prosesau ‹PRO ses, pro SE se› (masculine or feminine noun)
1
process
y proses / y broses the process

2
proses symlach streamlined process (“simpler process”)

:_______________________________.

prosesydd bwyd, prosesyddion bwyd ‹pro SE sidh BUID, pro se SƏDH yon BUID› (masculine noun)
1
food processor, blender

:_______________________________.

protest pro-test› masculine noun
PLURAL protestiadau
‹pro-test-yAA-de›

1 protest = expression of disagreement, objection


Y mae mwy a mwy o'r farn mai'r unig brotest effeithiol fyddai ymwrthod â'r papur
More and more people are of the opinion that the only effective protest would be to refuse to buy the newspaper

2 act of protest = demonstration of dissent

ETYMOLOGY: English protest < French protester < Latin prôtestârî / prôtestâtus = be a witness before the public (prô = in front of) + (testâri < testis = witness)

:_______________________________.

Protestaniaeth ‹pro-te-stan-yeth› feminine noun
1
Protestantism = a division in Christianity dating from the objection to the edict of Charles V in 1529 and the Diet of Spiers which denounced the Reformation

ETYMOLOGY: (Protestannh- < Protestant) + (-i-aeth suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

Protestannaidd ‹pro-te-sta-nedh› adjective
1
Protestant = of a church founded by the Protestant reformers

ETYMOLOGY: (Protestannh- < Protestant) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Prótestant pro-te-stənt› masculine noun
PLURAL
Protestaniaid ‹pro-te-stan-yed›
1
Protestant = one of the reformers of 1529 who protested against the edict of Charles V and the Diet of Spiers which denounced the Reformation

2 Protestant = a member of a Protestant church

ETYMOLOGY: English protestant < French protestant = a person who is protesting; see Protestaniaeth

:_______________________________.

prudd ‹PRIIDH› (adjective)
1
gloomy, melancholic

:_______________________________.

prun? / p'run? ‹PRIIN› (pronoun)
1
which one?

:_______________________________.

prun a ych chi'n ei hoffi ai peidio priin a ii khiin i -fi ai peid-yo›
1
whether you like it or not

ETYMOLOGY: (prun = which one) + (a ych chi = that you are) + (ei hoffi = liking it) + (ai = or) + (peidio = cease doing it, stopping)

:_______________________________.

..1 pryd, prydiau ‹PRIID, RPID ye› (masculine noun)

1 time, occasion

2 ar yr un pryd / yr un pryd at the same time, simultaneously

3 ar brydiau
‹ar BRƏD ye› (adverb) at time, on occasions
ar hyn o bryd
‹ar HIN o BRIID› (adverb) at the present time, at present, now
ar yr un pryd
‹ar ər iin PRIID› (adverb) at the same time
mae'n bryd
‹main BRIID› (adverb) it's time
mae'n hen bryd
‹nymain heen BRIID› (adverb) it's about time
mewn pryd
‹meun PRIID› (adverb) in time
o bryd i'w gilydd
‹o BRIID iu GI lidh› (adverb) from time to time
o bryd i bryd
‹o BRIID i BRIID› (adverb) from time to time
pa bryd?
‹pa BRIID› (adverb) what time? when?
pryd?
‹PRIID› (adverb) when?
pryd (y)
‹PRIID ə (conjunction) when

:_______________________________.

..2 pryd, prydau ‹PRIID, PRI de› (masculine noun)
1
meal (also: pryd o fwyd)
2
byrbryd snack
(byr-
ə penult-syllable form of byr ‹i› = short) + soft mutation + ( pryd = meal)

:_______________________________.

Prydain ‹PRƏ den› (feminine noun)
1
Great Britain

:_______________________________.

pryder ‹PRƏ der› (masculine noun)
1
worry

:_______________________________.

pryderu ‹prə DEE ri› (verb)
1
to worry

:_______________________________.

pryderus ‹prə DEE ris› (adjective)
1
worried

:_______________________________.

prydferth ‹PRƏD verth› (adjective)
1
beautiful

:_______________________________.

prydles prəd-les› feminine noun
PLURAL
prydlesi, prydlesau prəd-le-si, prəd-le-se›
1
lease
y brydles the lease
eiddo ar brydles (“property on lease”) leasehold property, house or land etc. rented out for a specified period

ETYMOLOGY: ‘contract (for a specific length of) time’

(pryd- < pryd = time) + (les = lease, rent contract )

:_______________________________.

prydlon ‹PRƏD lon› (adjective)
1
punctual

:_______________________________.

prydydd prəd-idh› masculine noun
PLURAL
prydyddion prə-DřDH-yon ›

1 poet

prentis prydydd an apprentice poet

Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr (fl. ca. 1155-1200) ("Cynddelw (the) Great Poet")


:_______________________________.

pryf, pryfed ‹PRIIV, PRƏ ved› (masculine noun)
1
insect, animal

(the standard word for insect is trychfilyn)
pryf hofran (“insect (of) hovering”) hoverfly; Syrphus ribesii, and other flies of the Syrphidae family

 

pryf hedegog (m) pryfed hedegog (colloquial) flying insect


2 Mae o’n dipyn o bry’ He’s a crafty old devil (“he’s a bit of an animal”)

 

3 game animal, especially a hare

 

codi pry to start a hare, raise a hare - drive a hare from its hiding place in order to begin hunting it

 

                             Coed y Pry SH8829 “(the) wood (of) the hare”. Farm in Llanuwchllyn, Gwynedd

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/241684

 

NOTE: In North Wales a final [v] ina monosyllable is generally lost, hence pryd <PRIIV> [priːv] > <PRII> [priː]

 

Other examples are gof / go’ (= smith), craf / cra’ (= wild garlic), haf / ha’ (= summer)

:_______________________________.

pryf cop, pryfed cop ‹priiv KOP, prə ved KOP› (masculine noun)
1
spider (North Wales)

:_______________________________.

pryf copyn, pryfed copyn ‹priiv KO pin, prə ved KO pin› (masculine noun)
1
spider (North Wales)

:_______________________________.

pryf genwair priiv gen-wer› masculine noun
PLURAL
pryfed genwair prə-ved gen-wer›
1
North Wales earthworm

ETYMOLOGY: “the creature of the fishing rod” (pryf = insect, animal) + (genwair = fishing rod)
Colloquially pry genwar (north-west), pry genwer (north-east)

:_______________________________.

pryfysol ‹prəv-ə-sol› adjective
1
insectivorous, insect-eating

ETYMOLOGY: (pryf = insect) y =
‹i› + (-ysol = -eating); (ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

pryfysor ‹prəv-ə-sor› masculine noun
PLURAL
pryfysorion ‹prəv-ə-sor-yon
1
insectivore, insect-eating bird

ETYMOLOGY: (pryf = insect) y =
‹i› + (-ysor = -eater, animal which eats);
(ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-or suffix for indicating a an agent; from Latin -ârius, in words taken from Latin (canghellor (= chancellor) < cancellârius; afterwards used as a suffix with native words, as in telynor = harpist)

:_______________________________.

prynedigaeth ‹prə-ne-dII-geth› feminine noun
1
redemption = (Christianity) the act of saving from sinful ways or from evil

ETYMOLOGY: (prynedig = saved) + (-aeth suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

prynháwn ‹prə-nhaun masculine noun
PLURAL
prynhawniau, prynhawnau ‹prə-nhaun-ye, prə-nhau-ne›
NOTE: colloquial form: North pnawn, South-east pyrnáwn
‹pər-naun

1
afternoon 12.00 - 18.00
ar brynhawniau Gwener on Friday afternoons
bob prynháwn every afternoon
heddiw’r prynháwn (adverb) this afternoon (North-east Wales)
yn y prynháwn in the afternoon
y prynháwn ddoe (adverb) yesterday afternoon
y prynháwn heddiw (adverb) this afternoon
y prynháwn hwnnw (adverb) that afternoon (= on the afternoon I’m talking about)
y prynháwn ‘ma (adverb) this afternoon

2
post meridiem, p.m., in the afternoon
am dri o'r gloch y prynháwn at 3 p.m.

3
oedfa’r prynháwn afternoon service in a chapel or church

4
te’r prynháwn afternoon tea

5
dangosiad prynháwn (Cinema) afternoon showing of a film, matinée

6
perfformiad prynháwn (Theatre) afternoon perfomance of a play, matinée

7
prynháwn da o pnawn da (greeting) good afternoon

ETYMOLOGY: (“period (of the) nones”)

prynháwn < pryd-náwn (pryd = time, period) + (nawn = the nones, the ninth hour in a monastery, three in the afternoon - originally the ninth hour after sunrise).

In Irish there is a similar construction: trathnóna (= afternoon)

(trath = period, nóna = ninth hour)

:_______________________________.

prynu ‹PRƏ ni› (verb)
1
to buy
2
gorchymyn prynu gorfodol compulsory purchase order

3 gwerthu’r fuwch i brynu tarw to rob Peter to bay Paul (“sell the cow to buy a bull”)

In the South pyrnu ‹PƏR-ni› [pərnɪ], a form showing metathesis;

cf in the South cyrnu ‹KƏR-ni› [Kərnɪ] < crynu (= to shake, shudder - from fear, cold, etc)

 

:_______________________________.

prynwr hen heyrn prə-nur heen heirn masculine noun
PLURAL
prynwyr hen heyrn prən-wir heen heirn
1
scrap merchant

ETYMOLOGY: “buyer (of) old irons” (prynwr = buyer) + (hen heyrn = old irons)

:_______________________________.

Prys priis masculine noun
1
patronymic = son of Rhys

2 surname = descendent of Prys (anglicised form: Price, Preece, Breeze)

3 Christian name

ETYMOLOGY: Prys < *yprýs < *aprýs < ap Rhys ‘son (of) Rhys’

(ap = son < ab < fab, soft-mutated form of mab = son)

NOTE: Also Preis
‹preis› as a surname colloquially, Cymricisation of the English form Price ‹prais›. In loans from English, the English diphthong ‹ai› becomes ‹ei›

:_______________________________.

prys prIIS masculine noun
PLURAL prysau ‹PRƏ-sai, -e›


1
copse, thicket, brushwood; USA: cripple (Cripple Creek, etc)

 

2 Y Prysau SJ1673 name of a farm in the county of Y Fflint, south-west of Brynffordd

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=336078 map

 

3 Prysiorwerth SH4072 Name of a farm in Capel-mawr, Ynys Môn

prys Iorwerth “(the) thicket (of) Iorwerth”, Iorwerth’s thicket

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=335254

 

 

:_______________________________.

prysau ‹PRƏ-sai, -e›

1 See prys

 

:_______________________________.

prysg prIsk masculine noun
PLURAL prysgau ‹PRƏSK-ai, -e›
1
copse, thicket, brushwood; USA: cripple (Cripple Creek, etc)

 

Moel Prysgau SN8061 moel y prysgau “(the) [bare] hill (of) the thickets”

Hill in Ceredigion

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=235314

 

Pen-prysg SO2318 pen y prysg “(the) end (of) the thicket”

(“Penprisk”) Farm south-east of Crucywel / Crickhowell

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO2318

 

 

2 scrub

prysg Mediteranaidd Mediterranean scrub

 

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *kwrest-

 

Scottish Gaelic preas (= bush, shrub, thicket) is probably a borrowing from Welsh

 

Irish spreasán (= twig) is (spreas) + (diminutive suffix -án); spreas is also probably a borrowing from Welsh

 

:_______________________________.

 
Y Prysg prIsk masculine noun

1 Locality in the county of Bro Morgannwg

On English-language maps as “Prisk”

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST0176 map

 

 

:_______________________________.

prysgliach prəsk-lyakh› plural noun
1 stunted grove, stunted
trees


:_______________________________.

prysglwyn prəsk-luin› masculine noun
PLURAL
prysglwyni ‹prəsk-lui-ni›
1
bush


2
copse, coppice, spinney

 

3 covert = thicket providing shelter for game (pheasants, rabbits, etc)

ETYMOLOGY: (prysg = bush, spinney, thicket) + soft mutation + (llwyn = grove, spinney, wood, bush)

:_______________________________.

prysglwyno ‹prəsk-luiN-o› (v)

1 to coppice

ETYMOLOGY: (prysglwyn = copse, coppice) + (-o verbal suffix)

:_______________________________.

 

prysglwynwr ‹prəsk-luiN-ur› masculine noun
PLURAL prysglwynwyr ‹prəsk-luiN-wir ›
1
coppicer

Mae'r hen draddodiad o gynhyrchu golosg wedi ei adfer gan Fenter Coedwigaeth Cymru a Chymdeithas y Prysglwynwyr ym Mhenryn Gwyr The old tradition of producuing charcoal has been restored by the Welsh Forestry Enterprise and the Association of Coppicers in the Gwyr Peninsula

 


ETYMOLOGY: (prysglwyn = copse, coppice) + (-wr suffix = man)

 

:_______________________________.

prysgoed prəs-goid› plural noun
PLURAL
prysgoedydd ‹prəsk-GOID-idh› (double plural)
1
shrubs, bushes
2
grove, thicket


ETYMOLOGY: (prysg = bush, spinney, thicket) + soft mutation + (coed = trees; wood)

 :_______________________________.

prysur ‹PRƏ sir› (adjective)
1
busy


2
(South) quick

 :_______________________________.

publican (= “públican”) ‹PƏ bli kan› (m)
PLURAL publicanod
‹pə-bli-KAA-nod
1
publican (= Roman tax collector)

 

Publican is the spelling in the 1620 Welsh Bible; it is also the spelling given in Geiriadur yr Academi Cymreig / The Welsh Academy Dictionary (English-Welsh). Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / The University of Wales Dictionary however has pyblican (= “pýblican”)

See pyblican

:_______________________________.

Pugh piu masculine noun
See Owen(-)Pughe, William

:_______________________________.

pum ‹pim› (masculine noun)
1
five (before a noun)
pum munud
‹pim MI nid› five minutes

:_______________________________.

pumed ‹PI med› (adjective)
1
fifth

:_______________________________.

Pumlumon ‹pim LI mon› [pɪmˡlɪmɔn]
1 highland east of Aberystwth ('the five peaks'), though apparently there are six.

Llumon
‹LHI mon › [ˡɬɪmɔn] in earlier Welsh was chimney. Pump ‹pimp› [pɪmp] is five (pum ‹pim› [pɪm] before a noun), and Pumlumon is the ‘five chimneys’, possibly referring to cairns on the five hilltops. If the name was put together in modern Welsh we would have Pum Llumon, but the name is, for whatever reason, (pum = five) + soft mutation + (llumon = chimney).

The same element is thought to be in the name of a loch in Scotland - Lomond – in formerly the Welsh-speaking regions (until perhaps the eleventh century in places) in what is now southern Scotland and Northern England. In Welsh it is Llyn Llumonwy.
‹lhin lhi MON ui› [ɬɪn ɬɪˡmoˑnʊɪ] If this is indeed llumon / chimney, it may be a reference for some reason to the sixty or so islands in the lake, which make this lake unusual and dsitinctive.

There is a possiblity that the Scots word lum (= chimney) is from the Welsh llumon.


(delwedd 7026)

The numbers refer to their order according to their height – 1 is the highest, and 6 is least in height


Cronlyn Nant-y-moch
[ˡkrɔnlɪn nant ə ˡmoːx] “reservoir by (the farm called) Nant-y-Moch / valley of the pigs”

Cronlyn Clywedog
[ˡkrɔnlɪn kləˡweˑdɔg] “reservoir of (the) Clywedog (river)”

Pontarfynach
[pont ar ˡvənax] “bridge on the Mynach river”

Ponterwyd
[pont ˡeˑrʊɪd] (“bridge + ??”)

Dyffryncastell
[ˡdəfrɪn ˡkastɛɬ] dyffryn y castell “the valley of the castle”

Ysbytycynfyn
[əˡspətɪ ˡkənvɪn] “the hostel of Cynfyn”

Eisteddfagurig
[əɪˡstɛđva ˡgiˑrɪg] “the seat of Curig”

Pant-mawr
[pant ˡmaʊr] “big hollow”

Tynyllechwedd
[tɪn ə ˡɬɛxwɛđ] “the smallholding on the hillside”

Penweddig
[pɛnˡweˑđɪg] “head / end + ??”

The county boundary between Powys and Ceredigion traverses Pumlumon, and is in fact the old boundary between the kingdom (gwlad) of Ceredigion and the kingdom of Powys. The kingdoms were divided into kántrevs, and here the kántrev of Arwystli in Powys borders on the cantref of Penweddig in Ceredigion (see yellow line on the map).

There seem in fact to be six peaks, but if five are to be chosen to explain the name of the mountain, we get different possibilities:

(1) If the five highest hilltops are taken to be the “five chimneys”, then Y Garn is included and Pumlumon Cwm Biga is excluded. This would make Pumlumon Fach (“little Pumlunon) the smallest of the five, which suggests that Pumlumon Cwm Biga was not considered to be part of the five.

(2) The Wikipedia entry in Welsh has five peaks, including Y Garn, but excluding Pen Pumlumon Llygad Bychan

(3) If the five hilltops which include Pumlumon in their name are taken to be the five, then Y Garn is excluded

MEANINGS OF THE NAMES:

….......

Pen Pumlumon Fawr ‹pen pim LI mon VAUR› [pɪmˡlɪmɔn ˡvaʊr] “(the) peak (of) Great Pumlumon”

(Pumlumon) + soft mutation + (mawr = great; “greater” when paired with bach = small / lesser).

The fact of this soft mutation suggests that Pumlumon is a feminine noun (though in the case of forenames, in older Welsh, such epithets as Mawr (= big) and Bach / Bychan (= small) could also have soft mutation after male forenames – as shown by the epithet Fychan, (Dafydd Fychan = David Junior, David the Younger), spelt Vaughan in English.

….......

Pen Pumlumon Arwystli ‹pen pim LI mon ar UIST li› [pɛn pɪmˡlɪmɔn arˡʊɪstlɪ] (“the highest point of Pumlumon which is in the cantref of Arwystli”). The other four peaks are in the kántrev of Penweddig, in the country of Ceredigion; Pen Pumlumon Arwystli is the only peak across the boundary lins, in the kántrev of Arwystli in the counry of Powys (if we discount Pumlumon Cwm Biga as one of the five peaks, since this too is in Arwystli)

(pen = peak) + (Pumlumon) + (Arwystli = name of a cantref in the old kingdom of Powys)

 

The peak was in the kúmmud of Uwch Coed (“above the forest”), one of the two divisions of Arwystli, the other being Is Coed (“below the forest”).

Arwystli is “territory of Arwystl” (Arwystl
[ˡarʊɪstl] = forename) + (-i suffix to denote a territory)

The name itself is based on gwystl
‹GUISTL› [gʊɪstl] (hostage) – (ar intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (gwystl = hostage), possibly meaning ‘great hostage’, whatever the significance this would have had for the people when it was coined.

….......

Pen Pumlumon Llygad Bychan ‹pen pim-LI-mon LHə-gad Bə-khan› [pɛn pɪmˡlɪmɔn ˡɬəgad ˡbəxan]

(“the Pumlumon peak which has the Llygad Bychan – small spring”)

Llygad is eye, and also the source of a stream or a spring.

In South Wales, among many other examples, the river Rhymni begins at a mountain spring called Llygad Rhymni.

On Pumlumon there is Llyn Llygad Rheidol
‹lhin LHə-gad HREI-dol › [ˌɬɪn ˡɬəgad ˡhrəɪdɔl] (“the lake of the spring which is the source of the Rheidol river”) or else (“the lake at Llygad Rheidol”)

….......

Y Garn ə GARN› [ə ˡgarn] (“the (burial) cairn”)

(y definite article) + soft mutation + (carn = cairn, a cairn marking a grave). A feminine word, hence there is soft mutation after the definite article.

….......

Pumlumon Fach ‹ pim-LI-mon VAAKH› [pɪmˡlɪmɔn ˡvɑːx] (“Little Pumlumon”)

(Pumlumon) + soft mutation + (fach = small; or “lesser” when paired with mawr = big / greater).

….......

Pumlumon Cwm Biga ‹ pim-LI-mon kum BII-ga› [pɪmˡlɪmɔn kʊm ˡbiˑga] (“the part of Pumlumon where the Biga valley is” “Pumlumon (of) Biga valley”)

Here there is a cairn called Carn Biga
‹karn BII-ga› [ˌkarn ˡbiˑga].

Below there is Cwmbiga farm at SN8589

The comparative heights of the hilltops are shown below (each dot represents 10 metres; the height is rounded up or down to the nearest ten metres). The first three incorporate pen (head, top, peak) in the name – possibly they are more discernible as peaks or hilltops than Pumlumon Fach and Pumlumon Cwm Biga.


(delwedd 7027)


Difference in height:

Pen Pumlumon Fawr is

11m higher than Pen Pumlumon Arwystli

25m higher than Pen Pumlumon Llygad Bychan

68m
higher than Y Garn

88m higher than Pumlumon Fach

121m
higher than Pumlumon Cwm Biga

 

 

Discounting Pumlumon Cwm Biga as one of the five peaks, we see the difference in height between Pumlumon Fawr (Great Pumlumon) and Pumlumon Fach (Little Pumlumon) is 88 metres

 

PHOTOS


1 Pumlumon Fawr
SN7886 HEIGHT: 752m or 2467ft

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/59259

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/34855

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/245572 trig pillar

2 Pen Pumlumon Arwystli SN8187 HEIGHT: 741m or 2428ft

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/910669 y tair carn

3 Pen Pumlumon Llygad Bychan SN7987 HEIGHT: 727m or 2385ft

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/715591

4 Y Garn SN7785 HEIGHT: 684m or 2244ft

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/709088

5 Pumlumon Fach SN7887 HEIGHT: 664m or 2178ft

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/656625

6 Pumlumon Cwm Biga SN8389 HEIGHT: 620m or 2008ft

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/289236 Afon Biga SN8589

The six hilltops are to be seen at http://www.summitpost.org/mountain/rock/339694/Pumlumon-Fawr.html

:_______________________________.

pum munud ‹pim mi-nid›
1 a five-minute break, a rest from working

cymryd pum munud have a break, have a rest, take a breather

Roedd hi’n fy ngwylio’n gyson ac yn gofalu na chawn i ddim pum munud
She was watching me constantly and making sure I didn’t have a rest

Mi gawn ni bum munud We’ll have a rest, Let’s have a break

:_______________________________.

pump ‹PIMP› (masculine noun)
1
five

2 mor hir â mish pump (South Wales) long in coming “as long as a month of five (Saturdays)” – the final Saturday of the month was payday, but some months have five Saturdays rather than four if the first Saturday is the first, second or third day of the month

(mor = as) + (hir = long) + (â = as) + (mish, southern form of mis = month) + (pump = five)

:_______________________________.

pun? / p'un? ‹PIIN› (pronoun)
1
which one?

 

pun ai… ai… which one, whether it is… or….
Fe gewn i weld pun ai gwaith caled ai diogi dâl ore ar ddydd yr arholiad

On the day of the examination we shall see which pays off the best (“pays best”), hard work or laziness

:_______________________________.

punnau ‹PIN-ai, -e› (plural noun)
1
pounds; plural of punt


:_______________________________.

punnoedd ‹PIN-oidh, -odh› (plural noun)
1
pounds; plural of punt

:_______________________________.

punt, punnau / punnoedd ‹PINT, PI ne / PI nodh› (feminine noun)
1
pound (money)
y bunt the pound

:_______________________________.

pupur, pupurau ‹PI pir, pi PII re› (masculine noun)
1
pepper

2 pupur a halen
‹pi pir a HA len› salt and pepper (“pepper and salt”)

3 pupur coch, pupurau coch / cochion
‹pi pir KOOKH, pi pi re KOOKH / KOKH yon›
red pepper

4 pupur du
‹pi pir DII› black pepper

5 pupur gwyn
‹pi pir GWIN› white pepper

6 pupur gwyrdd, pupurau gwyrddion
‹pi pir GWIRDH, pi pi re GWIRDH / GWƏRDH yon› green pepper

7 pupur mâl
‹pi pir MAAL› ground pepper

8 pupur tshili
‹pi pir CHI li› chili pepper

:_______________________________.

pur <PIIR> [piːr] (adjective)
1
pure
2
pur dda
<piir DHAA> [piːr ˡđɑː] (adverb) very well

:_______________________________.

purboeth <PIR-boith, -both> [ˡpɪrbɔɪθ, -ɔθ] adjective
1
(South Wales) burning hot

ETYMOLOGY: (pur = pure) + soft mutation + (poeth = hot)

:_______________________________.

purdan <PIR-dan> [ˡpɪrdan] masculine noun
1
purgatory = in some variants of Christianity (chiefly in Roman Catholicism), a period after death when there is punishment to purify souls destined for heaven for any minor sins committed on earth

2 purgatory = the place where these souls are punished

3 (figurative) purgatory = any experience of torment, especially if temporary
mynd trwy burdan go through hell, suffer torment

4 (figurative) purgatory = a place where one experiences suffering and torment

ETYMOLOGY: (pur = pure) + soft mutation + (tân = fire)

:_______________________________.

purdanaidd <pir-DAA-naidh, -nedh> [pɪrˡdɑˑnđ, -ɛđ] adjective
1
purgatorial = relating to purgatory; purifying from sin; painful

ETYMOLOGY: (purdan = purgatory) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

purdanol <pir-DAA-nol> [pɪrˡdɑˑnɔl] adjective
1
purgatorial = relating to purgatory; purifying from sin; painful

ETYMOLOGY: (purdan = purgatory) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Y Pureneau <ə pi-re-NEE-ai, -e> [ə pɪrɛˡneˑaɪ, -ɛ]
1
the Pyrenees
Maybe “Y Pirinéw” would be a better Welsh name, that is, using the Catalan name (el Pirineu) for the mountain range

2 helygen y Pureneau (Salix pyrenaica) Pyrenean willow

NOTE: Here we have used “u” but in fact the standard form is Pyreneau, with “y” supposedly representing [i], though this violates a fundamental spelling convention that “y” can only be [i] in a non-tonic syllable. Otherwise it represents the obscure vowel [ə]

:_______________________________.

purfa <PIR-va> [ˡpɪrva] feminine noun
PLURAL
purféydd <pir-VEIDH> [pɪrˡvəɪđ]
1
refinery = place where material is refined
y burfa the refinery

purfa siwgwr sugar refinery
purfa olew oil refinery

ETYMOLOGY: (pur-, stem of puro = to purify, to refine) + (-fa, suffix = place)

:_______________________________.

puriad <PIR-yad> [ˡpɪrjad] masculine noun
PLURAL
puriadau <pir-YAA-dai, -de> [pɪrˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1
Religion purgation, purification; = act of purging from sin
2
Chemistry purification; = act of removing contaminants

ETYMOLOGY: (pur-, stem of puro = to purify) + (-iad, suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

purion <PIR-yon> [ˡpɪrjɔn] adjective
1
OK, all right
I'r ffermwr, y cynhaeaf sy'n gwneud blynyddoedd da, gwael neu burion
For the farmer, it’s the harvest which determines if a year has been good, bad or indifferent (“it is the harvest which makes good, bad or (merely) all right years”)

2 fine = without problems
Mi fydd hi'n burion yng ngofal Tomos. Rwy'n siwr ei fod o'n nyrs dda
She'll be fine in Thomas's care. I'm sure he'll be a good nursemaid

3 fine, very well, O.K., all right; as a reply when one is asked about one's health
-Sut ydych chi? -Purion
-How are you? -Fine

4 purion peth it's a good idea
Purion peth fyddai gadael iddo wneud hynny
P’rion peth fydde gadel iddo neud ’ny
It'd be a good idea to let him do it

5 purion peth it's a good thing that...
Purion peth iddo ddod
It's a good thing he came

6 adverb O.K:, all right then

ETYMOLOGY: purion < pur iawn 'very well' (pur = very) + (iawn = well)
NOTE: South Wales: purion > p’rion > prion
<PRII-on> [ˡpriˑɔn]

:_______________________________.

puro <PII-ro> [ˡpiˑrɔ] verb
1
purify, cleanse = free from something which contaminates

2 (language) purify = use forms considered standard rather than colloquialisms
Pam nad ydy penaethiaid y radio am buro Cymraeg y darlledwyr iau?
Why don't the managers of the radio want to purify the Welsh of the younger broadcasters?

3 cleanse, purify; = free from sin

A ddaw o'r tân wedi ei buro?
Will he come out of the fire cleansed? ("after his cleansing")

4 refine = purify, remove impurities (as from gold, sugar, petroleum)

ETYMOLOGY: (pur = pure) + (-o, suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

purwyn <PIR-win> [ˡpɪrwɪn] adjective
1
pure white

ETYMOLOGY: (pur = pure) + soft mutation + (gwyn = white)
NOTE: feminine form: purwen

:_______________________________.

purydd <PII-ridh> [ˡpiˑrɪđ] masculine noun
PLURAL
puryddion <pi-RƏDH-yon> [pɪˡrəđjɔn]
1
(language) purist, person who insists that the traditional view of what is correct should be respected

:_______________________________.

putain <PI-tain, -ten> [ˡpɪtaɪn, -ɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL
puteiniaid <pi-TEIN-yaid, -yed> [pɪˡtəɪnjaɪd, -jɛd]
1
prostitute, whore, streetwalker, fille de joie, strumpet, harlot, etc
y butain the prostitute
putain llys courtesan (“prostitute (of) court”)
carn-butain arrant whore, incorrigible whore
putain wryw male prostitute

2
(offensive) slag, tart, whore, scrubber = disparaging term for a woman whom the speaker feels to have lax morals, almost as indiscriminate in the selection and quantity of sexual partners as a prostitute


I feddwl dy fod ti wedi cynnig mynd â'r buten ’na i Lunden!
To think you’ve offered to go to London with that whore!

3
(Bible) y butain fawr the great whore (apparently a reference to the Roman Empire)

Datguddiad 17:1 A daeth un o’r saith angel oedd â’r saith ffiol ganddynt, ac a ymddiddanodd â mi, gan ddywedyd wrthyf, Tyred, mi a ddangosaf i ti farnedigaeth
y butain fawr sydd yn eistedd ar ddyfroedd lawr... 17:3 Ac efe a’m dygodd i i’r diffeithwch yn yr ysbryd: ac mi a welais wraig yn eistedd ar fwystfil o liw ysgarlad, yn llawn o enwau cabledd, a saith ben iddo, a deg corn. 17:4 A’r wraig oedd wedi ei dilladu â phorffor ac ysgarlad, ac wedi ei gwychu ag aur, ac â main gwerthfawr, a pherlau, a chanddi gwpan aur yn ei llaw, yn llawn o ffieidd-dra ac aflendid ei phuteindra. 17:5 Ac ar ei thalcen yr oedd enw ei ysgrifennu. DIRGELWCH, BABILON FAWR, MAM PUTEINIAID A FFEIDD-DRA’R MAWR
Revelation 17:1 And there came one of the seven angels which had the seven vials, and talked with me, saying unto me, Come hither; I will show unto thee the judgment of the great whore that sitteth upon many waters:...
17:3 So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns. 17:4 And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication: 17:5 And upon her forehead was a name written, MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH... 17:9... The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sitteth.

Datguddiad 19:2 Oblegid cywir a chyfiawn yw ei farnau ef: oblegid ef a farnodd
y butain fawr, yr hon a lygrodd y ddaear â’i phuteindra, ac a ddialodd waed ei weision ar ei llaw hi
Revelation 19:2 For true and righteous are his judgments: for he hath judged the great whore, which did corrupt the earth with her fornication, and hath avenged the blood of his servants at her hand.

ETYMOLOGY: first example in Welsh 1200-1300;

From French putain (possibly a direct loan into Welsh from French; if not, it has come via English from French)

< French pute, the feminine form of put, a shortened form from Latin putidus (= rotten, stinking).

Modern French has putain (= prostitute, whore), and in argot la pute (= the bitch)

:_______________________________.

puteindra <pi-TEIN-dra> [pɪˡtəɪndra] (masculine noun)
1
prostitution

:_______________________________.

puteindy ‹pi-tein-di› [pɪˡtəɪndɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL
puteindai ‹pi-tein-dai› [pɪˡtəɪndaɪ]
1
brothel, house of ill repute, whorehouse
(Englandic: also knocking-shop) (American: also honky-tonk, cathouse)

ETYMOLOGY: (putein- < putain = whore, prostitute) + soft mutation + ( = house)

:_______________________________.

puteinfeistr, puteinfeistri ‹pi TEIN vei stər, pi tein VEI stri› (masculine noun)
1
pimp, whoremaster

ETYMOLOGY: (putein- < putain = whore, prostitute) + (soft mutation m > f) + ( meistr = master)
:_______________________________.

puteiniaeth ‹pi-tein-yeth›
1
prostitution, (old-fashioned: harlotry)
heddlu puteiniaeth vice squad (“police (of) prostitution”)

ETYMOLOGY: (putein-i-, stem of puteinio = to prostitute oneself) + (-aeth suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

puteinig ‹pi-tei-nig› adjective
1
whorish
Diarhebion 6:6 Oblegid y fenyw buteinig y daw dyn i damaid o fara; a gwraig gŵr arall a hela yr enaid gwerthfawr.
Proverbs 6:6 For by means of a whorish woman a man is brought to a piece of bread: and the adulteress will hunt for the precious life.

ETYMOLOGY: (putein-, penult form of putain = whore) + (-ig, suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

puteinio ‹pi-tein-yo› verb
1
(verb without an object) go with prostitutes

2 (verb without an object) work as a prostitute, to prostitute oneself

Mae’r teuluoedd tlawd hyn yn anfon y merched i buteinio
These poor families send their daughters to work as prostitutes

3 (verb with an object) prostitute = offer for unworthy purposes
puteinio eich dawn prostitute one's talent = sell one's talent for an unworthy purpose

ETYMOLOGY: (putein-, penult form of putain = whore) + (-io, suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

puteiniwr ‹pi-tein-yur› masculine noun
PLURAL
puteinwyr ‹pi-tein-wir›

1 fornicator, man who frequents prostitutes

Hebreiaid 12:16 Na bu un puteiniwr, neu halogedig, megis Esau, yr hwn am un saig o fwyd a werthodd ei enedigaeth-fraint
Hebrews 12:16 Lest there be any fornicator, or profane person, as Esau, who for one morsel of meat sold his birthright.

ETYMOLOGY: (putein-, penult form of putain = whore) + (-i-wr, suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

pw ‹PUU› preposition
1
(obsolete) to

This seems to be the first part of the phrase pwy gilydd

 

(pw = to) + (i = his, equivalent to literary Welsh ei = his) + (soft mutation c > g) + (cilydd = fellow) > pw i gilydd “to his fellow” > pwy gilydd (qv) “from one (thing) to another (thing)”

 

ETYMOLOGY: British < Celtic *kwu

Irish: co

 

NOTE: This would seem to be the derivation of pw in the phrase pwy gilydd, unless it is to be explained as a variant of po / bo (= may it be) from the verb bod (= to be)

 

:_______________________________.

pwcs ‹PUKS› masculine noun
1
(North-west Wales) yn bwcs at full speed
Also: yn bwtsh, yn batsh

:_______________________________.

pwdin, pwdinau ‹PU din, pu DI ne› (masculine noun)
1
pudding


2 originally, same as pwdin gwaed ('blood pudding')
(America: blood sausage) (Englandic: black pudding)

                                           Gormod o bwdin dagiff gi

“Too much pudding will choke a dog”. Saying, either “too much thing is a bad thing”, or used literally to criticise somebody eating his food greedily or eating too much food.


pwdin bara 'menyn
‹pu din BA ra ME nin› (masculine noun)
bread.and-butter pudding

pwdin crwst
‹pu din KRUST› (masculine noun)
crumble (kind of pudding)

pwdin cyrens
‹pu din KƏ rens› (masculine noun)
currant pudding

pwdin Efrog
‹pu din E vrog› (masculine noun)
Yorkshire pudding

pwdin ffrwythau
‹pu din FRUI the› (masculine noun)
fruit pudding

pwdin gwaed
‹pu din GWAID› (masculine noun) ('blood pudding')
(America: blood sausage) (Englandic: black pudding)

pwdin reis
‹pu din REIS› (masculine noun)
rice pudding

pwdin sbwng
‹pu din SPUNG› (masculine noun)
sponge pudding

pwdin stęc a lwlod
‹pu din STEEK a LU lod› (masculine noun)
steak and kidney pudding

pwdin bwthyn cottage pudding

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < English pudding < poding (= a suasage).

Seems to be of Germanic origin, related to Old English puduc (= a sore; possibly an earlier meaning was “a swelling”), Low German puddewurst black pudding.  

 

Alternatively English pudding is from French boudin < Gallo-Latin botellinus < Latin botellus (= intestines; sausage casing; sausage)

                             Modern French boudin = blood sausage, black pudding

 
:_______________________________.

pwdr puU-dur› adjective
Feminine form: podr (rare in modern Welsh)
Comparative forms pydred, pydrach, pydraf

1
rotten, corrupted
bwrdeistref bwdr (History) rotten borough

2 syrthio’n bwdr rot away, diminish and disappear through a rotting process

3 (fruit) rotten, decaying, no longer ripe, putrid
afal pwdr rotten apple

4 carreg bwdr hearthstone = soft stone for whitening hearth, doorstep

5 (South Wales) lazy

6 (land) barren, poor
y Waun Bodr (place name) the barren moorland meadow (podr = feminine form of the adjective pwdr)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin putr-is < puter (= rotten)
From the same British root: Cornish poder (= rotten)

:_______________________________.

pwdryn, pwdrod ‹PU drin, PU drod› (masculine noun)
1
(south) lazy person

:_______________________________.

pŵer, pŵerau ‹PUU er, pu-EE-re› (masculine noun)
1
power

:_______________________________.

pl, pyliau ‹PUL, PƏL ye› (masculine noun)
1
fit, attack
pẁl o wallgofrwydd fit of madness, attack of madness, moment of madness
pẁl o dymer
fit of temper

cael pẁl o asthma have an asthma attack

cael pẁl o hiraeth get a feeling of longing (for old places, old friends)

2 mynd i bẁl o ddagrau burst into tears (“go to a fit of tears”)

:_______________________________.

pŵl puul adj
1 blunt (= lacking a sharp edge), blunted (= caused to have lost sharpness)

cryman pŵl a blunt sickle
mynd yn bŵl become blunt

2 thick, stupid, dim, obtuse

3 dulled = having lost its brightness or shine or transparency
hela rhywbeth yn bŵl cause sth to lose its shine

4 (sight) dim, dulled, weak

Yr oedd ei lygaid yn bŵl dan effaith y ddiod

His eyes were dulled from the effect of the drink

5 pylni
dullness
pylu become dull

6 carbwl poor, clumsy, untidy

< carnbwl “very blunted” (carn = principal )
+ (soft mutation p > b) + (pŵl = blunt, blunted, dull, lacklustre, pale)

Cymraeg carbwl garbled Welsh, mangled Welsh
siarad Cymraeg carbwl speak bad Welsh

ETYMOLOGY: unknown
NOTE: feminine pôl, plural pylion


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pwll, pyllau ‹PULH, PƏ lhe› (masculine noun)
1
pool

2
pit, mine

3
pwll o fudreddi cesspool = filthy or corrupt place (“pool of filth”)

4 mawnbwll peat bog
(mawn = peat) + (soft mutation p > b) + (pwll = pool, hollow, pit)
Usually: pwll mawn

5
grave
bod ar war eich pwll have one foot in the grave (“be on the part overlooking your pit / grave”)

6 glasbwll blue pool
(glas = blue ) + (soft mutation p > b) + (pwll = pool)
Glasbwll (SN7397) locality by Machynllaith (district of Maldwyn, county of Powys)

7 priddbwll clay pit
Priddbwll house name, Abergwyngregyn SH 6572 (county of Conwy), mentioned in the 1851 Census (pridd = earth, clay) + (soft mutation p > b) + (pwll = hole, pit)

:_______________________________.

Pwllbrochfael ‹pulh brokh-vail, -vel›
1
SO5301 village in Gloucestershire (England) near the abbey of Dyndyrn, on the eastern bank of the river Gwy, 8km north of the town of Cas-gwent.
English name: Brockweir

ETYMOLOGY: “Brochfael’s pool” (pwll = pool) + (Brochfael
‹q.v.› = man’s name)

:_______________________________.

pwll clai ‹pulh KLAI› (masculine noun)
1
claypit

:_______________________________.

Y Pwll-coch ‹puulh-kookh
1
district in Caer-dydd
Ysgol Gynradd Pwll-coch name of a Welsh-language school (USA: elementary school, grade school) (Englandic: primary school) in this part of the city

:_______________________________.

Pwllcrochan ‹pulh KRO khan›
1
SM8836 bay in the county of Penfro

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/896725 map, llun map, photo

 

 

ETYMOLOGY: pwll y crochan “(the) pool (of) the cauldron

:_______________________________.

Y Pwll Du ə pulh DII›
1
SO2411 pool near Garnyrerw, county of Torfaen

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/504147

 

2 SO0244 pool east of Cwmowen, Brycheiniog, Powys

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/442693

 

ETYMOLOGY: the black pool
:_______________________________.

 

Y Pwll Glas ə pulh GLAAS›
1 cove near Dinas (Sir Benfro)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/536606

ETYMOLOGY: the blue pool / cove


:_______________________________.

 

Y Pwll-glas ə pulh GLAAS›
1
SJ1154 Village in Sir Ddinbych (Spelt “Pwll-glâs” on the Ordnance Survey map)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1154 map

 

2 SN9789 farm near Trefeglwys, Powys (Spelt “Pwllglas” on the Ordnance Survey map)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN9789 map



3 SN6055 farm in Ceredigion, near Llwyn-y-groes. (Spelt “Pwllglas” on the Ordnance Survey map)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN6055 map

 

4 SN3151 farm in Ceredigion, at Y Sarn. (Spelt “Pwllglas” on the Ordnance Survey map)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN3151

 

5 SN6055 farm in Maldwyn, Powys near Abergwydol. (Spelt “Pwllglas” on the Ordnance Survey map)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH7802


:_______________________________.

pwll glo, pyllau glo ‹pulh GLOO› (masculine noun)
1
coal mine

:_______________________________.

Pwllgwyngwyll pulh-GWƏN-gilh [pʊɬˡgwəngɪɬ, pʊɬˡgwɪngɪɬ]

1 Name of a medieval township on the island of Môn / Anglesey

The church dedicated to Mary (Llanfair) situated in this township was distinguished from others in Wales by the addition of the name of the township – Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll

According to Samuel Lewis
'A Topographical Dictionary of Wales', third edition 1849):

“LLANVAIR-PWLLGWYNGYLL (LLAN-FAIR-PWLL-GWYNGYLL), a parish, in the union of Bangor and Beaumaris, hundred of Tyndaethwy, county of Anglesey, North Wales, 4 miles (W. by S.) from Bangor; containing 617 inhabitants. The name of this parish is derived from the dedication of its church to St. Mary, and the distinguishing adjunct from its position nearly opposite to a whirlpool in the Menai strait, formed by the Swelley rocks, which rages with impetuous violence, and of which the term "Pwll Gwyngyll" is emphatically descriptive. The rocks, most of which are visible at low water, obstruct the channel of the strait, and when the lower rocks are covered, the tide, rushing between them with tremendous fury, forms numerous vortices and strong eddies, exceedingly dangerous to vessels navigating this part of the Menai, which are sometimes caught by the rapidity of the current, and dashed against the rocks that appear above the surface. The difficulty of avoiding this impending danger at certain states of the tide, and the roaring noise and violent agitation of the waters, have obtained for this part of the strait the appellation of the Scylla and Charybdis of Welsh mariners, of similar import with its Welsh name Pwll Ceris. At high water the agitation subsides, and the appearance of the surface is smooth and tranquil, differing in no respect from the other parts of the strait.”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/381455 Pwll Ceris


ETYMOLOGY:

(1) pwll Gwyngyll “(the) whirlpool (of) Gwyngyll (= white hazels)”, that is, “the whirlpool by the place called Gwyngyll”,

(2) or (less likely) pwll y gwyngyll “whirlpool (of) the white hazels)”

:_______________________________.

pwll heli ‹pulh he li› masculine noun
PLURAL
pyllau heli

1 brine pool, salt pool

2 Pwllheli (SH3735) locality in the county of Gwynedd (see following entry)

3 pwll heli oceanarium = large aquarium for marine life

ETYMOLOGY: (pwll = pool) + (heli = salty water, brine)

:_______________________________.

Pwllheli ‹pulh-hEe-li›
1 (SH3735) locality in the county of Gwynedd

Llifai’r llanw i’r man isel, y Gors, sydd rhwng Stryd King’s Head a Phentrepoeth, i roi ini’r “pwll heli”
Ar Hyd Ben ‘Rallt / Elfed Gruffydd / Llyfrau Llafar Gwlad / Rhif 42 / Gwasg Carreg Walch, Llanrwst / 1991 / tudalen 99

The tide flowed into the low-lying spot, Y Gors (“the marsh”), between King’s Head Street and Pentre-poeth, to give us the “pwll heli” (brine pool)

ETYMOLOGY: (see preceding entry)

:_______________________________.

pwll hwyaid ‹pulh hui-ed› masculine noun
PLURAL
pyllau hwyaid pə-lhe hui-ed›
1
duck pond
fel pwll hwyaid (sea) as smooth as a mill pond

Roedd y môr fel pwll hwyaid The sea was as as smooth as a mill pond

Y Pwll Hwyaid SH4738

“the duck pond” (Llantystumdwy, Gwynedd)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/597868

 

See Pwllyrhwyaid

 

ETYMOLOGY: “pool (of) ducks” (pwll = pool) + (hwyaid = ducks, plural of hwyaden = duck)

:_______________________________.

Pwllmeurig ‹pulh MEI rig› (masculine noun)
1
place name

 

ETYMOLOGY: “pool (of) Meurig”, “Meurig's pool” (pwll = pool) + (Meurig = Mauritius)

:_______________________________.

pwll melin ‹pulh mEE-lin› masculine noun
PLURAL
pyllau melinau pə-lhe me--ne›
1
mill pond
Pwllyfelin farm east of Glynogwr (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)

ETYMOLOGY: “pool (of) (a) mill” (pwll = pool, pond) + (melin = mill)
:_______________________________.

pwll nofio ‹pulh NOV yo› (masculine noun)
1
swimmng pool

ETYMOLOGY: “pool (of) swimming” (pwll = pool, pond) + (nofio = to swim)
:_______________________________.

pwll tro ‹puulh troo masculine noun
PLURAL
pyllau tro pə-lhe troo
South Wales
1
whirlpool

2 Y Pwll Tro place name (now lost) in Bedwas (county of Caerffili).

According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911):
“PWLL-TRO (the whirlpool.) A deep place in the river Rhymny, below Bedwas bridge, in the hamlet of the Van in the parish of Bedwas (1755.)”

ETYMOLOGY: “pool (of) turning” (pwll = pool) + (tro = turn, turning)

NOTE: in the north with the elements reversed – trobwll

:_______________________________.

Pwllybiswail ‹pulh ə bis-wail› -
1 place in Llaneirwg (“pool of the dung”) (Pwll-y-Biswael, Kelly’s Directory of Monmouthshire, 1901)

ETYMOLOGY: “the dung pool” (pwll = pool) + (y = definite article) + (biswail = dung)

:_______________________________.

pwll y gaeaf ‹pulh ə GEI a› (masculine noun)
1
the darkest days of winter on either side of the solstice

 

ETYMOLOGY: “pit (of) winter” (pwll = pool, pond, pit) + (gaeaf = winter)

:_______________________________.

pwll y gesail ‹pulh ə GE sel› (masculine noun)
1
armpit

ETYMOLOGY: “pit (of) (an) armpit” (pwll = pool, pond, pit) + (cesail = armpit)

 

:_______________________________.

Pwllygwichiad ‹pulh-ə-GWIKH-yad› [ˌpʊɬ ə ˡgwɪxjad]
1 A former farm in what is now the centre of Llandudno, said to be where the Woolworth’s shop in Ffordd Mostyn / Mostyn Street now (2008-12-31) is, and the area towards Rhodfa’r De / South Parade.
The farm was the birthplace of the artist Hugh Hughes (1790 - Great Malvern, England 1860)

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) pool (of) the periwinkle”, “periwinkle pool”

(pwll = pool) + (y = definite article) + (gwichiad = periwinkle)


:_______________________________.

Pwllygrawys ‹pulh-ə-grau-is›
1
street name in the town of Dinbych; (English name: “Lenten Pool”)

ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) pool (of) the Lententide”) (pwll = pool) + (y = definite article) + (Grawys = Lent, Lententide) When meat had to be given up for Lent, fish were taken from this pool for the inhabitants of the castle on the hill above. The pool no longer exists – a traffic circle (roundabout) now occupies the site.

 


:_______________________________.

Pwll-y-pant ‹pull ə pant
1
ST1588 locality in Caerffili county

ETYMOLOGY: (pwll = pool) + (y = definite article) + (pant = hollow)

:_______________________________.

Pwllyplwca ‹pulh ə plu-ka›
1
place in Llaneirwg (“pool of the mire”) (Pwll-y-plwcca, Kelly’s Directory of Monmouthshire, 1901)

ETYMOLOGY: (pwll = pool) + (y = definite article) + (plwca = mire, mud)


:_______________________________.

Pwllyrhwyaid ‹pulh ər HUI-aid, -ed ›
1
SH4466 farm in Dwyran, Ynys Môn (spelt “Pwll-yr-hwyaid” on the Ordnance Survey map)

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/850192

 

ETYMOLOGY: (pwll = pool) + (yr = definite article) + (hwyaid = ducks, plural of hwyad = duck)

 


:_______________________________.

pwlman, pwlmans ‹PUL man,PUL mans› (masculine noun)
1
(Patagonia) bus going between villages

:_______________________________.

pwlofer, pwlofers ‹PU lo ver, PU lo vers› (masculine noun)
1
jersey

 

:_______________________________.

pwmp PUMP masculine noun
PLURAL
pympiau pəMP-yai, -e›
1
pump

2 pwmpio (wv) to pump


ETYMOLOGY: English pump

 

:_______________________________.

pwmpiad PUMP--yad› masculine noun
PLURAL
pympiadau ‹pəmp-YAA-dai, -e›
1
pumping

ETYMOLOGY: (pwmpi- stem of the verb pwmpio) + (-adwy adjectival suffix, corresponding to English –able, -ible)

 

:_______________________________.

pwmpiadwy ‹pəmp-YAA-dui› (adj)
 1 inflatable

 

arch bwmpiadwy inflatable arch

bad pwmpiadwy inflatable boat


ETYMOLOGY: “pumpable” (pwmpi- stem of the verb pwmpio) + (-adwy adjectival suffix, corresponding to English –able, -ible)

 

:_______________________________.

pwmpio pəMP-yo› (v)
1 to pump

ETYMOLOGY: (pwmp = pump) + (-i-o verbal suffix)

 

:_______________________________.

pwn pun masculine noun
PLURAL pynnau
pə-ne›
1
pack, burden; especially saddle pack of a donkey


2
ceffyl pwn packhorse

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin pond(us) (= weight), word related to pendere (= to weigh; the English words to ponder, ponderous are likewise from Latin pondus)

:_______________________________.

pwn, pynnau ‹PUN, PƏ ne› (masculine noun)
1
pack

:_______________________________.

pwnc, pynciau ‹PUNGK, PƏNGK ye› (masculine noun)
1
subject

2 gogor-droi o gwmpas pwnc beat about the bush, not get straight to the point, skate around a subject, avoid getting to the point

:_______________________________.

pwnc llosg ‹pungk lhosk masculine noun
PLURAL
pynciau llosg pəngk-ye lhosk
1 burning question, hot potato, contencious subject

ETYMOLOGY: (pwnc = matter, question) + (llosg = burning)

:_______________________________.

pwnio ‹PUN yo› (verb)
1
beat, hit
2
pwnio (rhywbeth) i ben (rhywun) get (something) into somebody's head, din (something) into somebody's head = tell somebody something insistently so that it is remembered and learnt

:_______________________________.

pwnsh punsh masculine noun
PLURAL
pwnshis, pynshiau pun –shis, pənsh-ye›
1
punch = A tool for making small round holes

ETYMOLOGY: English punch < puncheon < French ponçon < Latin punctiô (= puncture) < pungere (= to prick)


Modern French: poinçon (= punch)

:_______________________________.

pwrcas, pwrcasau ‹PUR kas, pwr KA se› (masculine noun)
1
purchase
2
hur-bwrcas hire purchase (HP)
prynu drwy hur-bwrcas to buy on HP

 

:_______________________________.

pwrcasu pur-ka-si› (v)
1 to purchase

ETYMOLOGY: (purcas = purchase) + (-u verbal suffix)

 

:_______________________________.

pŵr-dŕb, pŵr-dŕbs <puur-DAB, puur-DABZ> [puːr ˡdab, puːr ˡdabz] (m)

1 in the expression pŵr-dŕb (qv) poor thing, poor fellow, poor woman, poor boy, poor girl (expression of pity towards a person); Cambrian English (South Wales): poor dab

 

y pŵr-dŕb â fe! poor thing!

y pŵr-dŕb ag e! poor thing!

 

Bydd e’n colli’r gęm, y pŵr-dŕb He’ll miss the game, poor dab

 

…ni gyd ... ond y cwrcyn.
A pwr dab o hwnnw, 'odd e ddim dicon cwic, 
A dyma Matilda yn estyn cic
..all of us, except for the tomcat.
And the poor thing wasn’t quick enough,
And Matilda gave him a kick (“extended a kick”)
Abiah Roderick, “Matilda”, 1952

 

Ond ni fedrai y “poor dab” sefyll heb ddwy ffon,

But the poor dab couldn’t stand without (the aid of) two (walking) sticks

Dyffryn Cynon (cyfres o erthyglau yn y ‘Geninen’ 1900-1904). Jenkin Howell

 

Pam na roddest ti lifft i’r pŵr-dab? Why didn’t you give the poor dab a lift?

 

Mae e wedi cael sioc ofnadw, pw^r-dab. He’s had a terrible shock, poor dab / the poor fellow

 

ETYMOLOGY: English poor dab. South-western English dab (= insignificant person).

 

A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady: to which is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837: DAB, s[ubstantive]. a chit, an insignificant person, a proficient in any feat or exercise : also a slight blow.

 

NOTE: Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru had pŵr-dab. In this dictionary we have marked the vowel as short: pŵr-dŕb. Also written variously in Welsh texts as pwr dab, poor dab

 :_______________________________.

pwrs, pyrsau ‹PURS, PƏR se› (masculine noun)
1
purse

:_______________________________.

pwrs y wlad ‹purs ə WLAAD› (masculine noun)
1
(in certain sayings) the money of the state, the state coffers ('the purse of the country')

ETYMOLOGY: (pwrs = purse) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (gwlad = country)

 

:_______________________________.

Pwrtwe purt-we› feminine noun
1 (History) portway, a road between boroughs (port has the sense of ‘market town / borough’ in this English expression)

Y Bwrtwe The name of the main road from Caer-dydd to Castell-nedd. In fact, this is part of the Roman road from Glevum, the present-day English city of Gloucester (Caerloyw in Welsh) to Nidum (Castell-nedd, or ‘Neath’ in English). It connected the boroughs of Caer-dydd, Y Bont-faen, Cynffig, Aberafan and Castell-nedd

There are many roads in England called ‘The Portway’, but the name for the The Gloucester – Castell-nedd road seems to be the only instance in Wales of this English name adapted into Welsh

..1 The Portway in Hampshire - a section of the Roman road which ran from Silchester to Old Sarum

..2 Newport, Shropshire - the Latin name was Novo Burgo, i.e. “new town”. Forton Road was originally called The Portway.

..3 The Portway, Elton, Derbyshire


In 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911) John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) states for Portway:
“The mediaeval name for the Roman road which skirts the shore of South Wales and unites the ancient boroughs; particularly from Cardiff westward through Cowbridge, Kenfig and Aberavon, to Neath. In the vernacular this road was called Y Bwrtwe, by turning the English word into a feminine Welsh noun. It occurs as late as 1763.”

The name is seen elsewhere in the ‘Records’, where Mab Cernyw notes a barn called Ysgubor y Bwrtwe “(the) barn (of) the portway”), in the parish of Sain Nicolas:

 

YSGUBOR-Y-BWRTWE "Skybbor y Bwrtway" (the Portway barn.) In the parish of Saint Nicholas (1763.)

ETYMOLOGY: English portway (= main road, road between market towns).
(port = town) + (way = way)


As most nouns indicating roads are feminine in Welsh, pwrtwe has joined this group:
beidr (= farm track), ffordd (= road), heol (= road), lôn (= lane), stryd (= street) - these are all feminine nouns

:_______________________________.

ps ‹pus› (masculine noun)
1
word for addressing or referring to a cat


2
Ps Esgid Uchel Puss in Boots (“Puss (of) High Boot”)

NOTE: Usually written pws, without the grave accent, though monosyllables in -ws are long unless shown to be short. Similarly bs <BUS> (= bus) (usually written bws however, without the grave accent).

 

The long vowel is seen in drws <DRUUS> (= door), tlws <TLUUS> (= pretty; medal),


:_______________________________.

pwt, pytiau ‹PUT, PƏT ye› (masculine noun)
1
stump, short piece

2 the least amount
Wela i ddim pwt o fai arno I don’t blame him one bit (“I don’t see a least-bit of blame on him”)

3 pwt (o rywbeth) something small
pwt o ffenest' a small window
pwt o dennyn a short leash
rhyw bwt o bastwn garw a gariai ef yn lle ffon fugail hHe carried a short rough stick instead of a shepherd’s crook
pwt o ddyn a short man
pwt o ddyn bach tywyll oedd Ifan Ifan was a short dark little man
derbyniais bwt o lythyr I received a short letter
pwt o erthygl a short article

pwt o getyn a short (smoker’s) pipe

pwt o hanes y Fic a short history of the Fic (Victoria) tavern

cael pwt o sgwrs â have a short chat with

gweld pwt o raglen ddogfen ar... see a short documentary about...

:_______________________________.

pwtsh puch
1 (North-west Wales) yn bwtsh at full speed
Also: yn bwcs, yn batsh

:_______________________________.

pwy ‹PUI› (pronoun)
1
who

:_______________________________.

pwy gilydd ‹pui -lidh› adverb
1
one to another

May occur with soft mutation p > b - bwygilydd

 

..a/ o… pwygilydd / bwygilydd from (one thing) to another, from (one thing) to the next

o’r môr pwy gilydd from sea to sea (“from the sea to its fellow”)

o flwyddyn bwygilydd (obsolete) from one year to the next (“from a year to its fellow”)

o law bwygilydd (obsolete) from one hand to another (“from a hand to its fellow”)

 

..b/ am… pwygilydd / bwygilydd during (hours, days, years, etc)

am oriau pwy gilydd for hours on end, for hours and hours (“for [a period of] hours to its fellow”)
am ddyddiau pwy gilydd for days on end, for days and days (“for [a period of] days to its fellow”)
am flynyddoedd pwy gilydd for years on end, for years and years (“for [a period of] years to its fellow”)

..c/ penbwygilydd from one end to another
o benbwygilydd (qv) from end to end, from start to finish

ETYMOLOGY: This is not pwy (= who), since the original form was pw i gilydd “to its fellow”
(*pw, obsolete preposition = to, < Celtic *kwu) + (i = his, equivalent to literary Welsh ei = his) + (soft mutation c > g) + (cilydd = fellow)

 

NOTE: This would seem to be the derivation of pw in the phrase pwy gilydd, unless it is to be explained as a variant of po / bo (= may it be) from the verb bod (= to be)

:_______________________________.

Pwyleg ‹PUI leg› (feminine noun)
1
Polish language
y Bwyleg the Polish language
Pwyleg eich iaith Polish-speaking

 

2 (adjective) Polish (= in the Polish language)



ETYMOLOGY: (Pwyl < Gwlad Pwyl = Poland, “land (of) Pol-”) + (-eg adjectival / noun suffix indicating a language)
:_______________________________.

..1 pwyll ‹PUILH› (masculine noun)
1
discretion, prudence
cadw’ch pwyll keep your wits about you, act prudently (“keep your prudence”)


2
reason, senses
Po hynaf y dyn, gwaethaf ei bwyll / po hyna’r dyn, gwaetha’i bwyll the older a man is, the less sense he has, no fool like an old fool (“the older the man, worse his reason” )

:_______________________________.

..2 Pwyll ‹PUILH› (masculine noun)
1
man's name; first of the tales of the Mabinogi

:_______________________________.

pwylldrais puilh-drais› (m)
1 brainwashing = the practice or technique of making someone believe that what is not true is true

ETYMOLOGY: (pwyll = mind) + (soft mutation t > d) + (trais = violence, rape)

:_______________________________.

pwylldreisiad ‹puilh-drei-shad› (m)
PLURAL
pwylldreisiadau ‹puilh-dreis-yAA-de›
1 brainwashing = an application of methods to make someone believe that what is not true is true

ETYMOLOGY: (pwylldreis- stem of pwylldreisio = to brainwash) (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)

:_______________________________.

pwylldreisio ‹puilh-drei-sho› (v)
1
brainwash

ETYMOLOGY: (pwylldreis- stem of pwylldrais = brainwashing) + (-i-o verb-forming suffix)

:_______________________________.

pwyllgor puilh-gor› masculine noun
PLURAL
pwyllgorau ‹puilh--re›
1 committee = group of people elected or appointed to carry out certain specified duties


is-bwyllgor subcommittee


pwyllgor addysg education committee


pwyllgor dethol select committee; group in the English parliament to investigate some matter made up of MPs from the governing party and from the opposition parties


pwyllgor llywio steering committee

2 pronoun: ef (it) when the institution is referred to, nhw (they) when the members are referred to

3 pwyllgor pennau brains trust = experts who discuss some issue on the radio, TV (“committee (of) heads”)

ETYMOLOGY: Word coined by the lexicographer Caerfallwch (Edward Thomas, 1779-1858)
(pwyll = mind, good sense, reason)
+ (soft mutation c > g) + (cor = group)

:_______________________________.

pwynt, pwyntiau ‹PUINT, PUINT-ye› (masculine noun)
1
point

2 point = land jutting out into the sea

 

Y Pwynt place south-west of Biwmaris in Ynys Môn, former name Penrhyn Safnes.

English name: Gallows Point

 


(delwedd 7378)

 

3 dod at y pwynt come to the point
Der at y pwynt! Come to the point!

4 eithafbwynt furthest point, ne plus ultra, uttermost point, ne plus ultra
(eithaf = the most extreme)
+ (soft mutation p > b) + (pwynt = point)

:_______________________________.

pwyntiau puint-ye›
1
plural form of pwynt = point

:_______________________________.

pwyntiwr puint-yur› masculine noun
1
(Railway) pointsman

ETYMOLOGY: (pwynt = point) + (-i-wr suffix = man)

:_______________________________.

pwys, pwysau <PUIS, PUI-sai, -se> [pʊɪs, ˡpʊɪsaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
weight

2 importance

3 o bwys important


bod o bwys be important


Mae pob ceiniog o bwys Every penny counts (“every penny is of importance”)


nio fawr bwys of little importance
(ni = not)..... + (o = of) + (soft mutation m > f) + (mawr = big, great) + (soft mutation p > b) + (pwys = importance)

Něd yw o fawr bwys It’s of little importance (“it is not of great importance”)

ETYMOLOGY:  Welsh < British pē’s- < Latin pēnsum (= weight)

 

 

Cf 1250–1300; Middle English avoir de pois (= goods / property / posessions of weight) < French avoir du pois <  Old French aver de peis.< Latin:

habēre  (= to have)

  (= of, from)

pēnsum (= weight)

 

Cf Middle English peyse < Old French < Latin

peyse...  A weight, used either foe a clock - or organ bellows”, in an account book from Somerset, England:

Glossary, Church-wardens' accounts of Croscombe, Pilton, Patton, Tintinhull, Morebath, and St. Michael's, Bath, ranging from A.D. 1349 to 1560


:_______________________________.

pwysig <PUI-sig> [ˡpʊɪsɪg] (adjective)
1
important

ETYMOLOGY: (pwys = weight) + (-ig suffix)


:_______________________________.

pwyslais <PUIS-lais> [ˡpʊɪslaɪs] (masculine noun)
1
emphasis = stress
rhoi gormod o bwyslais ar (rywbeth)
attach too much importance to (something)

ETYMOLOGY: “weighted voice” (pwys = weight) + (soft mutation ll > l) + (llais = voice)

 
:_______________________________.

pwyso <PUI-so> [ˡpʊɪsɔ] (verb)
1
to weigh

2 to lean
pwyso allan o ffenest lean out of a window

                                   
                                  Agorodd y papur newydd a phwyso nôl yn ei sedd

He opened the newspaper and leaned back in his seat

3 pwyso ar wynt rhywun pressurise somebody (“weigh on the wind / breath of somebody”)
pwyso ar wynt tyst pressurise a witness

ETYMOLOGY: (pwys = weight) + (-o = verbal suffix)

 

:_______________________________.

pwyth <PUITH> [pʊɪθ] masculine noun
PLURAL
pwythau <PUI-thai, -e> [ˡpʊɪθaɪ, -ɛ]

 


1
(sewing) stitch = loop made by a thread when drawn by a needle
pwyth bras tack, loose stitch

2 stitch (for closing a wound)

3 North Wales pwyth drwy'r wal tie stone, one connecting two sides of a wall

4 talu'r pwyth get one's own back, give someone tit for tat

talu'r pwyth yn ôl i rywun get one's own back on someone

Blynyddoedd wedyn cafodd dalu'r pwyth yn ôl i heddwas y pentref
Many years later he was able to get his own back on the village policeman

6 South Wales; obsolete wedding present (especially in the sense of a present which is made in return for a present formerly received)
Plural: pwython (southern form of the plural variant pwythion)

7 South Wales help
rho bwyth iddo help him

8 debt (obligation to return a favour or gift)
Fe af â chi yn y car. Rhaid i chi gofio, ma’ arna i bwyth i chi
I'll take you in the car. Remember, I owe you a favour (“there is on me a stitch to you”)

ETYMOLOGY: British *pukt- < Latin *puct- < punctum (= point) < pungere (= pierce).
English point < French < this same Latin word punctum

 :_______________________________.

pyblican (= “pýblican”) ‹PƏ bli kan› (m)
PLURAL publicanod
‹pə-bli-KAA-nod
1
publican (= Roman tax collector)

 

Publican is the spelling in the 1620 Welsh Bible; it is also the spelling given in Geiriadur yr Academi Cymreig / The Welsh Academy Dictionary (English-Welsh). Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / The University of Wales Dictionary however has pyblican (= “pýblican”)

 

ETYMOLOGY: A learnčd borrowing from Latin pűblicânus, and / or English publican.

English publican < French publicain< Latin pűblicânus.
Pűblicânus (= tax collector) < pűblicum (= revenues of the state) < pűblicus < pôplicus (adj, of the people) < populus (= people)

:_______________________________.

pydew <-deu> [ˡpədɛʊ] masculine noun
PLURAL
pydewau <pə-DEU-ai, -e> [pəˡdɛʊaɪ, -ɛ]

 

1 well, spring, pit
y pydew diwaelod the bottomless pit

Datguddiad 20:3 Ac a'i bwriodd ef i'r pydew diwaelod, ac a gaeodd arno, ac a seliodd arno ef, fel na thwyllai efe'r cenhedloedd mwyach, nes cyflawni'r mil o flynyddoedd: ac ar ôl hynny rhaid yw ei ollwng ef yn rhydd dros ychydig amser.
Revelation 20:3 And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand years should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season.

2 (figurative of depths of depravity, degradation) pit
codi meddwyn o’r pydew (“raise a drunkard from the pit”, raise the drunkard from his pit) , cause an alcoholic to reform his ways

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh pydew < British < Latin puteus (= well, pit)


Cf English pit < Old English pytt < Latin puteus;

Catalan pou (= well, pit) < Latin puteus

:_______________________________.

Y Pydew <ə-deu> [ə ˡpədɛʊ] (m)
1
(SH8079) locality in the county of Conwy, 1km north-east of Cyffordd Llandudno

 

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1013836 Y Pydew

 

Brynpydew SH8179 locality here bryn y pydew “(the) hill (by) Y Pydew”, or “(the) hill (of) the well” (“Bryn Pydew” on the Ordnance Survey map)

 

There are roads here called

Pydew Road (which would be Ffordd y Pydew in Welsh)
Brynpydew Road (which would be Ffordd Brynpydew in Welsh)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1013851 Brynpydew


ETYMOLOGY: y pydew “the well”

:_______________________________.

pydredig <pə-DREE-dig> [pəˡdreˑdɪg] adjective
1
rotten, putrid, decayed

Yr oedd yr hen dŷ a'r hen ysgubor yn adfeilion pydredig.
The old house and the old barn were decayed ruins

ETYMOLOGY: (pydr- stem of pydru = decay, rot) + (-edig suffix for forming a past participle adjective)

:_______________________________.

pydru <-dri> [ˡpədrɪ] verb
1
rot = cause to decay
pydru’n ddim rot away, diminish and disappear through a rotting process

2 rot = to decay because of the action of bacteria
Mae'r hen wynwyn ’na wedi pydru
Those onions have rotted

3 rot, rot away, collapse, degenerate
Mae hen ganllawiau cymdeithas yn pydru
The old rules of society are collapsing / rotting away

4 rot = languish, become weak through being deprived of freedom and kept in confinement
Bydd dwsinau o bobl ddieuog yn dal i bydru mewn carchardai
There are dozens of innocent people who continue to rot in prison

5 pydru mynd, pydru dod, pydru ymlaen plod along
Roedd yn rhaid i'r postmon bydru ’mlaen gorau gallai ar hyd y llwybr serth oedd wedi ’i orchuddio yn yr eira mawr
The postman had to plod forward as best he could along the steep path covered in snow

6 pydru byw rot = languish, stagnate, have a boring life

ETYMOLOGY: (pydr-, penultimate form of pwdr = rotten) + (-u suffix)

NOTE: South-east Wales the w of the final syllable is retained, hence pwdru. In the south-east, the intial consonants “d, b, g” of the final syllable become devoiced “t, p, c” > pwtru

:_______________________________.

pg <PƏG> [pəg] (masculine noun)
1
pitch, tar



:_______________________________.

pyliau <PƏL-yai, -e> [ˡpəljaɪ, -ɛ] (plural noun)
1
fits, spasms; see pwl

:_______________________________.

pyllau <PƏ-lhai, -lhe> [ˡpəɬaɪ, -ɛ] (plural noun)
1
pools; coalpits; see pwll

:_______________________________.

pylni <PƏL-ni> [ˡpəlnɪ] masculine noun
1
(blade) bluntness
2
dimness

ETYMOLOGY: (pyl- penult syllable form of pwl = blunt, dim) + (-ni suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

pymtheg <PƏM-theg> [ˡpəmθɛg] (masculine noun)
1
fifteen

:_______________________________.

pymthegfed <pəm-THEG-ved> [pəmˡθɛgvɛd] (adjective)
1
fifteenth

:_______________________________.

pynciau <PƏNGK-yai, -e> [ˡpəngkjaɪ, -ɛ] (plural noun)
1
subjects; see pwnc

:_______________________________.

pyncio <PƏNGK-yo> [ˡpəngkjɔ] (verb)
1
compose spontaneous verses (for example, in a traditional wedding ceremony, Mari Lwyd ceremony)

:_______________________________.

pynnau <PƏ-nai, -e> [ˡpənaɪ, -ɛ] (plural noun)
1
packs; plural of pwn

:_______________________________.

pynshiau <PƏNSH-yai, -e> [ˡpənʃjaɪ, -ɛ]
1
plural of pwnsh (= punch, tool for making small round holes)

:_______________________________.

Pŷr <PIIR> [piːr]
1
Peter (in certain place names)
..a/ Maenor-bŷr (“court of Peter”) SS0697 locality in the county of Penfro
English name: Manorbier

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS0697 map


..b/ Sain Pŷr ST5190 locality in the county of Mynwy
English name: St. Pierre

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/69921 yr eglwys / the church


..c/ Ynys Bŷr (“island of Peter”) (SS1396) island in the county of Penfro
English name: Caldy Island

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS1396 map


:_______________________________.

Y Pyreneau <Ə-PI-RE-NE-Ai, -e> [əpɪrɛˡneˑaɪ, -ɛ]
1
the Pyrenees.
See Y Pureneau (a better spelling, though not standard)

(However, “Y Pirinéw” would be a better Welsh name, using the Catalan name for the mountain range)

:_______________________________.

pyrsau <PƏR-sai, -e> [ˡpərsaɪ, -ɛ] (plural noun)
1
purses; see pwrs

:_______________________________.

pyrth <PIRTH> [pɪrθ]
1
Plural form of porth = gate, entrance

:_______________________________.

pysen, pys <PƏ-sen, PIIS> [ˡpəsɛn, piːs] (feminine noun)
1
pea
y bysen the pea


2
pys hollt split peas

:_______________________________.

pysg <PISK> [pɪsk] (masculine noun)
1
fish (obsolete word) See pysgodyn

North Wales: py^sg <PIISK> [piːsk]

 

:_______________________________.

pyslo <PƏ-slo> slɔ] v

1 (dialect) puzzle The Treatment of English Borrowed Words in Colloquial Welsh / Thomas Powel  / Y Cymmrodor Vol. VI 1883. / p133 
 
(“The following paper is an attempt to give a general account of the use and treatment of English words in the colloquial Welsh of the present day. Most of the statements here made are applicable to the whole of Welsh-speaking Wales; but the paper treats more particularly of the dialect spoken, with slight variations, in the Counties of Brecon, Caermarthen, and the greater part of Cardigan.”) 


 
 
 
Z. This letter is not known to Welsh, aud in borrowed words it becomes s. Sęl (zeal), dăslo (dazzle), pyslo (puzzle), ráser (razor), etc


:_______________________________.

pysgod <PƏ-skod> [ˡpəskɔd] (plural noun)
1
fish (plural)

See pysgodyn

:_______________________________.

pysgodyn, pysgod <pə-SKOO-din, PƏ-skod> [pəˡskoˑdɪn, ˡpəskɔd] (masculine noun)
1
fish
pysgodyn cragen PLURAL pysgod cregyn shellfish
cragenbysgodyn PLURAL cragenbysgod shellfish

2 pysgod a sglodion
<PƏ-skod a SGLOD-yon> [ˡpəskɔd a ˡsglɔdjɔn] fish and chips

3 byrbysgodyn
(Carrasius carassius) crucian carp
(byr-
<Ə> [ə] penult-syllable form of byr <I> [ɪ] = short) + soft mutation + (pysgodyn = fish)

ETYMOLOGY: (pysgod = fish, in a plural sense i.e. fishes) + (yn = singulative suffix)

 

..a/ Latin piscor, piscari, piscâtus (= to go fishing, to fish)

 

..b/ piscâtus is a past participle (= fished)

As a noun piscâtus –us (m) 1 a catch of fish (literally, something fished), 2 fishes.

..c/ Latin piscâtus > British *piskât- > Welsh pysgawd > pysgod

 

:_______________________________.

pysgodyn aur ‹pə-skOO-din air [pəˡskoˑdɪn ˡaɪr] masculine noun
PLURAL
pysgod aur pə-skod air [ˡpəskɔd ˡaɪr]
1
(Carrasius auratus) goldfish

ETYMOLOGY: ( pysgodyn = fish) + (aur = gold)

:_______________________________.

pysgota <pə-SKO-ta> [pəˡskɔta] (verb)
1
to fish

2 cwch pysgota pl. cychod pysgota fishing boat
fflyd [fli:d] o gychod pysgota pl. fflydoedd… fishing fleet
llynges bysgota pl. llyngesau pysgota fishing fleet

3 llinyn pysgota fishing line
lein bysgota fishing line

:_______________________________.

pysgotwr, pysgotwyr <pə-SKO-tur, pə-SKOT-wir> [pəˡskɔtʊr, pəˡskɔtwɪr] (masculine noun)
1
fisherman
pysgotwr selog a keen fisherman

:_______________________________.

pysgysol <pəsk-Ə-sol> [pəskˡəsɔl] adjective
1
fish-eating

ETYMOLOGY: (pysg- < pysg = fish) + (-ysol = -eating); (ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

pysgysor <pəsk-Ə-sor> [pəskˡəsɔr] masculine noun
PLURAL
pysgysorion <pəsg-ə-SOR-yon> [pəsgəˡsɔrjɔn]
1
fish-eating animal or bird

ETYMOLOGY: (pysg- < pysg = fish) + (-ysor = -eater, animal which eats);
(ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-or suffix for indicating a an agent; from Latin -ârius, in words taken from Latin (canghellor (= chancellor) < cancellârius; afterwards used as a suffix with native words– telynor = harpist)

:_______________________________.

pythefnos, pythefnosau <pə-THEV-nos, pə-thev-NO-sai, -e> [pəˡθɛvnɔs, pəθɛvˡnɔsaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
(USA: two weeks) (Englandic: fortnight)
y bythefnos the fortnight

Celtic Religion in Pre-Christian Times / Author: Edward Anwyl / Year 1903 / p.67: For the Celt the year began in November, so that its second half-year commenced with the first of May. The idea to which Cćsar refers, that the Gauls believed themselves descended from Dis, the god of the lower world, and began the year with the night, counting their time not by days but by nights, points in the same direction, namely that the darkness of the earth had a greater hold on the mind than the brightness of the sky. The Welsh terms for a week and a fortnight, wythnos (eight nights) and pythefnos (fifteen nights) respectively confirm Cćsar’s statement.

 

Colloquially also pythewnos [v > w] [pəˡθɛunɔs]


:_______________________________.

Q, q <KYUU> [kjuː] feminine noun
1
) seventeenth letter of the twenty-six letter Roman alphabet

..1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 d 5 e, 6 f, 7 g, 8 h, 9 i, 10 j, 11 k, 12 l, 13 m, 14 n, 15 o, 16 p, 17 q, 18 r, 19 s, 20 t, 21 u, 22 v, 23 w, 24 x, 25 y, 26 z

2
) (does not appear in the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet)

..1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y


 

QUALIFIER

In some place names, an original qualifier is lost

 

..a/ Yr Orsedd (qv) (anciently Yr Orsedd-goch) (county of Wrecsam) “the red tumulus”

 

Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

 

http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_pl_1073e.htm


ʷ 0287 / ŷ 0177 / ŵ 0175

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