kimkat1675e A Welsh to
English Dictionary in scroll-down format. Geiriadur Cymraeg a Saesneg ar
fformat sgrolio-i-lawr.
11-09-2020
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● ● ● ● kimkat1818e Cyfeirddalen y geiriadur hwn /
Index to the online dictionary
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_mynegai_1818e.htm
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ci, cŵn ‹kii,
kuun› (masculine noun)
1 dog = Canis familiaris common quadraped
Typical dogs’ names in Welsh are Pero,
Carlo, Cymro, Cardi, Ianto, Tango, Smot
2 bod fel ci a'r hwch (said
of a couple – man and wife) live a cat and dog life (“be like a dog and the
sow”)
ymladd fel cŵn a chathod (fight
between many people) fight like cat and dog
Roedd y Taffis a’r Padis yn ymladd fel cŵn
a chathod yn ardaloedd glo América
The Taffies and the Paddies fought like cats and dogs in the coalmining areas
of America
3 y Ci Mawr (“the big
dog”) Canis Major
4 in compounds as a soft-mutated suffix -gi, in names of types of dogs
..1/ corgi cattle dog (cor- = small)
..2/ daeargi = terrier (daear = earth )
..3/ dyfrgi = otter (Lutra
vulgaris) (dwfr = aigua)
..4/ gweilgi ocean (but the word
formerly meant ‘wolf’).
The first element is *gwael =
wolf).
(*gwael + soft mutation + ci, a compound probably already
existing in the British language, or even in Common Celtic, as Welsh gweilgi has an exact correspondence in
Irish: faolchú = wolf)
..5/ gwaetgi bloodhound = large dog
with an acute sense of smell used in tracking
...Gwaetgwn Gwent (former) nickname
for the inhabitants of Gwent (“(the)
bloodhounds (of) Gwent”)
gwaetgi < gwaed-gi (gwaed = blood)
+ soft mutation + (ci = dog, hound)
5
in compounds as a soft-mutated suffix -gi,
for animals or fish considered to be similar to a dog
..1/ dyfrgi = otter (Lutra
vulgaris) (dwfr = aigua)
..2/ gwenci = weasel (from gweinc-gi < gwanc = greed)
..3/ maelgi Squatina squatina = angel-fish (mael = mail, coat of mail)
..4/ morgi = dogfish (môr = sea; ‘sea dog’)
6 by coincidence there is a final syllable -ci in some words borrowed from English -
..a/ donci = donkey.
..b/ hysci = husky
..c/ mwnci = monkey,
..d/ twrci = turkey,
In the three the element has become identified with ci (dog). For monkey and turkey there are plural forms with cŵn (= dogs)
(1) doncis (*doncwn does not occur, except perhaps humorously)
(2) hyscis, hyscwn (= huskies);
(3) mwncďod, mwncwn, mwncwns (this
latter one with the English -s added
to an existing native plural form) (= monkeys)
(4) twrcďod, twrcďaid, tyrcwn (=
turkeys);
7 in compounds as a soft-mutated suffix -gi, in disparaging descriptions of men
clapgi a man who is a gossip (clap = gossip)
8 Megys y dychwel y ci at ei chwydfa like the dog that returns to
its own vomit, in the same way that a dog returns to its vomit (said of someone
who is attracted back to what is unpleasant or harmful, such as an addiction or
bad company)
Pedr-2 2:22 Eithr digwyddodd iddynt yn ôl y wir ddihareb, Y ci a ymchwelodd at
ei chwydfa ei hun; a’r hwch wedi ei golchi, i’w hymdreiglfa yn y dom
Peter-2 2:22 But it is happened unto them according to the true proverb, The
dog is turned to his own vomit again; and the sow that was washed to her
wallowing in the mire
9 Cas gan gath
y ci a’i bratho Once bitten
twice shy
(“(it is) hateful with a cat the dog which may bite it”)
10 Cath i dŷ a chi i deulu (“(a) cat for (a) house and (a) dog for (a) family”) (Advice for someone
who is thinking of keeping a pet – a cat is loyal to the place where it lives,
and a dog to the people who look after it”)
11 cael
caws o fola ci try to do the impossible (“get cheese from (the) stomach
(of) (a) dog”)
12 types of dog:
ci potsiwr lurcher (“dog (of)
poacher”)
13 bod yn hen gi be
sex-mad (“be a dog”, hen (=
literally “old”) used as a quasi-prefix of scorn / disparagement)
Hen gi yw Jones y Bont Jones y Bont
is sex mad
14 fel ci ar gadwyn straining
at the leash (“like (a) dog on (a) chain”)
15
fel ci â’i gynffon rhwng ei afl (“like
a dog with its tail in its crotch / between its legs”) dejected, miserable,
unhappy, crestfallen, with your tail between your legs, cowed
16 helygen y cŵn (Salix repens) creeping willow
See: corhelygen (corhelyg)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic. Indo-European root kwon-
Related to Greek kuōn (= dog)
The Greek adjective kunikos (=
doglike) < kuōn, kun- (= dog)
The philosopher Diogenes of Sinope (modern-day Sinop, in Turkey) was
nicknamed ‘the dog’ (kuōn) because he is said to have praised the virtues of living
in the same way as a dog, and for his behaviour like that of a dog in public.
He ate publicly in the marketplace (considered to be very bad manners),
urinated on opponents, defecated in the theatre, and on one occasion
masturbated in public.
Adherents of his philosophical outlook were termed kunikos (= “doglike”, having the same ideas as the “Dog”).
These were the Cynic philosophers, who believed that only virtue led to
happiness, and little else mattered, and so rejected the social conventions of
their time.
The word passed into Latin as cynicus (= a Cynic philosopher), and itno English as Cynic, cynical, though the
noun and adjective acquired a popular meaning, a cynic being a person believing
that selfishness is the motivation of everybody, or somebody who has a scornful
and negative oulook.
:_______________________________.
ci adar ‹kii â -dar› masculine noun
PLURAL cŵn
adar ‹kuun â-dar›
1 retriever; gundog, one trained to work with hunters who shoot
birds
ETYMOLOGY: “dog (of) birds, bird dog”‘ (ci
= dog) + (adar = birds, plural of aderyn = bird)
NOTE: also ci adara (with the verb adara = gather birds)
:_______________________________.
y ci a gerddo a
gaiff ‹ə kii aa gerdh aa gaif› -
1 (‘the dog that walks gets’), nothing seek, nothing find; you can’t
expect to get what you want if you don’t make an effort
ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) +
(ci = dog) + (a = which) + soft mutation + (cerddo
subjunctive = it may walk, < cerdded = to walk) + (a = it is the one which) + soft
mutation + (caiff = it gets / it
will get)
:_______________________________.
ci Affganaidd
‹kii af- gâ nedh› masculine noun
1 Afgan hound = large hunting dog with silky hair and a tuft on the
head
ETYMOLOGY: (ci = dog) + (Affganaidd = Afghan)
:_______________________________.
cďaidd ‹kî -edh› adjective
1 inhuman, brutal, cruel
Bu farw yn sgil ymosodiad cďaidd He
died following a brutal attack
ETYMOLOGY: (ci = dog) + (-aidd suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
ciamocs ‹kya-mocs›
1 pranks, tricks; See: giamocs
:_______________________________.
Cďan ‹kî -an› masculine noun
1 man’s name; name of a British monk of the Celtic church
Cďan has recently been revived as a
given name, but was formerly obsolete, and found only as a place name element.
2
Llangďan SH2928 locality in the area
of Dwyfor (county of Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: “little warrior” (ci =
dog, warrior) + (-an diminutive
suffix)
:_______________________________.
cian ‹kyan› masculine noun
1 can (North-west Wales)
cian o lager a can of lager See: can
:_______________________________.
ciando ‹kyan -do› masculine
noun
1 kennel (North-west Wales)
See: cando
:_______________________________.
ci Annwfn ‹kii a-nuvun› masculine noun
PLURAL cŵn
Annwfn ‹kuun a-nuvun›
1 (folk traditon) hellhound; See: cŵn Annwfn
:_______________________________.
ci arffed ‹kii ar -fed› masculine
noun
PLURAL cŵn
arffed ‹kuun ar-fed›
1 lapdog
ETYMOLOGY: “dog (of) lap, lap dog”‘ (ci
= dog) + (arffed = lap)
:_______________________________.
cib ‹kiib› masculine noun
PLURAL cibau
‹kî -be›
1 (fruits, seeds) shell, pod
Brenhinoedd-2 2:42 A daeth gŵr o
Baal-salisa, ac a ddug i ŵr Dduw o fara blaenffrwyth, ugain torth haidd, a
thywysennau o ŷd newydd yn ei gibau. Ac nid oedd dim niwed yn y crochan.
(Y Mab Afradlon) Kings-2 4:41 But he said, Then bring meal. And he cast it into
the pot; and he said, Pour out for the people, that they may eat. And there was
no harm in the pot.
Luc 15:16 Ac efe a chwenychai lenwi ei
fol â’r cibau a fwytai’r moch; ac ni roddodd neb iddo
(The Prodigal Son) Luke 15:16 And he would fain have filled his belly with the
husks that the swine did eat: and no man gave unto him.
2 taflu fel cibau i’r moch
treat with disdain, “throw out to the pigs like pods”
3
eggshell
cyfri’r cywion yn eu cibau counting chickens
before they are hatched (“counting chicks in their shells”)
4
place names:
..a/ Bwlchycibau; SJ1717 locality in
the district of Maldwyn (= northern part of the county of Powys) (literally
“pass (of) the pods”)
..b/ Afon Cib in Ffair-fach, Ceredigion;
here there are also
....1/ Blaen-cib (blaen = river source; “source of the
river Cib”),
....2/ Cwm-cib (cwm = valley; “valley of the river Cib”),
....3/ Tre-gib (tre / tref = farmstead; “farmstead by the river Cib”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin cűpa
From the same British root: Breton kib
(= vessel, pod)
NOTE: Also the diminutive form: cibyn
(qv)
:_______________________________.
ci bach ‹kii- baakh› masculine noun
PLURAL cwn bach
‹kuun- baakh›
1 puppy (“little dog”)
2 Botany pen ci bach antirrhinum majus = snapdragon (“head (of) little dog”)
:_______________________________.
ci bendith y
mamau ‹kii ben-dith ə ma-me›
masculine noun
PLURAL cŵn
bendith y mamau ‹kuun ben-dith ə ma-me›
1 (folk tradition) a fairy dog
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) dog (of) (the) fairies”),
(ci = dog) + (bendith y mamau = the fairies, literally “(the) blessing (of) the
mothers”)
(bendith = blessing) + (y = definite article) + (mamau = mothers, < mam = mother)
:_______________________________.
cibddall ‹kib -dhalh› adjective
1 half-blind, dim-sighted
2 (figurative) short-sighted = unable to see the true situation, or
unable to see the likely consequences of an action
ETYMOLOGY: (cib = pod) + soft
muation + (dall = blind); that is,
having cataracts, “blind (from) a film (covering the eye)
:_______________________________.
cibddallineb ‹kib-dha- lhi -neb› masculine noun
1 dim-sightedness
2 (figurative) short-sightedness =
inability to perceive the likely consquences of some action
ETYMOLOGY: (cibddall = half blind) +
(-ineb = suffix). Cf dallineb (= blindness)
:_______________________________.
cibell ‹kiî -belh› feminine
noun
PLURAL cibellawr
‹ki- bę
-lhaur›
1 (obsolete) skin, hide, shell
y gibell = the skin / hide / shell
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin cűpella;
Breton kibell (= bath)
:_______________________________.
ciblys ‹ki -blis› masculine
noun
PLURAL ciblysiau
‹ki- bləs-ye›
1 legume
ETYMOLOGY: (cib = pod) + soft
mutation + (llys = plant)
:_______________________________.
cibẃts ‹ki- buts› masculine noun
PLURAL cibwtsau
‹ki- but
–se›
1 kibbutz = a collective farm in Israel owned by its members
ETYMOLOGY: English < Hebrew kibbutz
< modern Hebrew qibbűs (=
gathering)
:_______________________________.
Cibwr ‹KI bur› (feminine noun)
1 commote of the kántrev of Senghennydd (south-east Wales)
This was the bottom end of the kántrev, between the ridge of Cefn Onn = cefn
yr onn “(the) ridge (of) the ash trees” and the coast. Its centre was
probably Llys Faen “(the) stone court”. The precise locaton of the court is
unknown, though the name survives as that of the village of Llys-faen, five
miles north of Caer-dydd city centre, on the slope of Cefn Onn.
(delwedd 7064)
(delwedd 7383)
Hwndrwd Cibwr The hundred of Cibwr / Kibbor (orange area 10 on the map
above)
A group of eight parishes which corresponded to the area of the old kúmmud of
Cibwr (Y Caerau, Eglwys Ioan (Caer-dydd), Eglwys Fair (Caer-dydd), Llan-daf,
Llanedern, Llanisien, Llys-faen, Y Rhath).
Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911) states:
“Cardiff, however, appears to have been sometimes considered a commote or
Hundred in itself; and when, in the reign of Henry VIII., the County of
Glamorgan and its present Hundreds were constituted, the Commotes of Llandaff
and Kibor were formed into the Hundred of Cardiff or Kibor, while the Borough
was still kept distinct from the Hundred. The Commote of Kibor appears,
however, still to subsist as an independent Lordship for some purposes.”
He also cites a document for the year 1772 “Thomas Thomas was this year
Bailiff of Cardiff, and also Bailiff of the Hundreds of Cowbridge, Dinas Powis
and Kibbor.”
The Hundred of Kibbor continued in use for the purposes of Petty Sessions - it
was the area outside the borough of Caer-dydd / Cardiff; Yr Eglwysnewydd /
Whitchurch was regarded as its main centre (petty sessions or “police courts”,
since the courtrooms were often in the police stations of the district, which
dealt with minor crimes, and referred more serious crimes to higher courts, and
regulated the licensing of public houses).
:_______________________________.
cibyn ‹kii -bin› masculine
noun
PLURAL cibynnau,
cibau ‹ki-bə-ne, kî-be›
1 pea pod, bean pod
2 (North-west Wales) measure = half a bushel
3 (North-west Wales) vessel holding half a bushel
ETYMOLOGY: (cib = pod) + (-yn = diminitive suffix)
:_______________________________.
cic ‹kik› masculine or
feminine noun
PLURAL ciciau
‹kik -ye›
1 kick = a blow with the foot
y cic / y gic = the kick
rhoi cic i to kick; give a kick to (yn + part of body)
Rhoddodd gic iddo yn ei din She
kicked him in his arse
cael cic yn eich tin get a kick up
the arse
2 kick = a specified method of kicking the ball
cic adlam (rugby) drop kick
3 kick = type of kick awarded by a referee
cic gosb penalty kick
4 kick = (drink) immediate potent effect, strong intoxicating
quality
diod a chryn gic ynddi a drink with
quite a kick to it
5 impact
Sut mae gwneud pregeth â thipyn o gic
ynddi? How do you write a sermon with a bit of a kick to it?
6 cic llyffant (swimming)
type of kick in the breast stroke, similar to the way of swimming of a frog
ETYMOLOGY: English kick < Middle
English < Scandinavian
:_______________________________.
ci cadno ‹kii kad-no› masculine noun
PLURAL cŵn
cadno ‹kuun kad-no›
1 (South Wales) foxhound
ETYMOLOGY: “dog (of) fox” (ci = dog)
+ (cadno (South Wales) = fox)
:_______________________________.
cicaion ‹ki-kei-on › masculine noun
PLURAL cicaionau
‹ki-kai-ô-ne›
1 name of a type of tree; this is either Palma Christi or
else the gourd tree
Jona 4:6 A'r
ARGLWYDD DDUW a ddarparodd gicaion, ac a wnaeth iddo dyfu dros Jona, i fod yn
gysgod uwch ei ben ef, i'w waredu o'i ofid: a bu Jona lawen iawn am y cicaion.
(4:7) A'r Arglwydd a baratôdd bryf ar godiad y wawr drannoeth, ac efe a drawodd
y cicaion, ac yntau a wywodd.
Jonah 4:6 And the LORD God prepared a gourd, and made it to come up over Jonah,
that it might be a shadow over his head, to deliver him from his grief. So
Jonah was exceeding glad of the gourd.(4:8) But God prepared a worm when the
morning rose the next day, and it smote the gourd that it withered.
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < Hebrew
:_______________________________.
cicio dros y
tresi ‹kik-yo
dros ə tre-si›
1 free oneself from restraints, rebel (“kick over the traces”)
:_______________________________.
cicio eich
sodlau ‹kik-yokh sod-le›
1 (“kick your heels”) wait around with impatience
:_______________________________.
cicio nyth cacwn
yn eich pen ‹kik-yo niith ka-kun ən
əkh pen›
1 cause trouble for oneself (“kick a wasp’s nest in its end”, kick
the bottom / top of a wasp’s nest)
:_______________________________.
cicio ‹kik -yo› verb
1 kick = strike with the foot
2 kick = propel forward by a kick or kicks
cicio’r bęl to kick the ball
cae cicio football field
3 kick = inflict injury by kicks
Cicion nhw e pan oedd ar lawr They
kicked him when he was on the ground
4 (intransitive verb) (horse) kick out = have a tendency to strike
with the foot
Roedd yr eboles honno yn afreolus ac yn
cicio That pony was hard ro control and kicked out
5 defeat
(Gęm rygbi) Fe gawson ni ein cico gan y
Saeson unwaith eto
(Rugby game) We were defeated again by the English
ETYMOLOGY: (cic = kick) + (-io suffix for forning verbs)
NOTE: In the south, the consonant i at
the beginning of a final syllable is typically absent. Hence cicio > cico.
:_______________________________.
ciconia,
ciconiaid ‹ki KON ya, ki KON yed›
(feminine noun)
1 stork
y giconia = the stork
:_______________________________.
ci defaid, cwn
defaid ‹kii DE ved, kuun DE ved›
(masculine noun)
1 sheepdog
:_______________________________.
Cidron ‹ki-dron›
1 Kedron, Kidron; a ravine below the eastern wall of Jerusalem, a small
stream which rises near Jerusalem, and flows through the Iehosophat valley,
disgorging into the Dead Sea
(1) Brenhinoedd-1 2:37
Canys bydd, y dydd yr elych allan, ac yr
elych dros afon Cidron...
Kings -12:37
For it shall be, that on the day you goest out, and passest over the brook
Kidron...
(2) Brenhinoedd-1 15:13
Ac efe a symudodd Maachah ei fam o fod
yn frenhines, oherwydd gwneuthur ohoni hi ddelw mewn llwyn; ac Asa a ddrylliodd
ei delw hi, ac a’i llosgodd wrth afon Cidron
Kings-1 15:13
And also Maachah his mother, even her he removed from being queen, because she
had made an idol in a grove; and Asa destroyed her idol, and burnt it by the
brook Kidron.
(3) Brenhinoedd-2 23.6
Efe a ddug allan hefyd y llwyn o dŷ
yr Arglwydd, i’r tu allan i Jerwsalem, hyd afon Cidron, ac a’i llosgodd ef wrth
afon Cidron, ac a’i malodd yn llwch, ac a daflodd ei lwch ar feddau meibion y
bobl
Kings-2 23:6
And he brought out the grove from the house of the Lord, wiythout Jreusalem,
unto the brook Cidron, andburned it at the brook Cidron, and stamped it small
to powder, and cast the powder thereof upon the graves of the children of the
people
(4) Brenhinoedd-2 23:12
Yr allorau hefyd, y rhai oedd ar nen
ystafell Ahas... a ddistrywiodd y brenin, ac a’u bwriodd hwynt i lawr oddi yno,
ac a daflodd eu llwch hwynt i afon Cidron
Kings-2 23:12
And the altars that were on the top of the upper chamber of Ahaz... did the
king beat down, and brake them down from thence, and cast the dust of them into
the brook Kidron
(5) Croniclau-2 15:16
A’r brenin Asa a symudodd Maacha ei fam o fod y frenhines; oherwydd gwneuthur
ohoni ddelw mewn llwyn; ac Asa a dorrodd ei delw hi, ac a’i drylliodd, ac a’i
llosgodd wrth afon Cidron
Chronicles-2 15:15
And also concerning Maachah the mother of Asa the king, he removed her from
being queen because she had made an idle in a grove; and Asa cut down her idol,
and stamped it, and burnt it at the brook Kidron
(6) Croniclau-2 29:16
A’r offeiriaid a ddaethant i fewn tŷ
yr Arglwydd i’w lanhau ef, ac a ddygasant hwy yr holl fryntni a gawsant hwy
yn nheml yr Arglwydd, i gyntedd tŷ
yr Arglwydd. A’r Lefiaid a’i cymerasant, i’w ddwyn ymaith allan i afon Cedron
Chronicles-2 29:16
And the priests went into the inner part of the house of the Lord, to cleanse
it, and brought out all the uncleanliness that they found in the temple of the
Lord into the court of the house of the Lord. And the Levites took it, to carry
it to out abroad into the brook Kidron
(7) Croniclau-2 30:14
A hwy a gyfodasant, ac a fwriasant ymaith
yr allorau oedd yn Jerwsalem; bwriasant ymaith allorau yr arogl-darth, a thaflasant hwynt i afon Cidron
Chronicles-2 30:14
And they arose and took away the altars that were in Jerusalem, and all the
altar for incense took they away, and cast them into the brook Kidron
(8) Jeremeia 31:40
a holl ddyffryn y celaneddau, a’r lludw,
a’r holl feysydd, hyd afon Cidron, hyd gongl porth y meirch tua’r dwyrain, a
fydd sanctaidd i’r Arglwydd;
Jeremiah 31:40
And the whole valley of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, and all the fields
until the brook of Cedron, unto the corner of the horse gate towards the east,
shall be holy unto the Lord
(9) Samuel-2 15:23
A’r brenin a aeth dros afon Cidron, a’r holl bobl a aeth drosodd, tua ffordd yr
anialwch
Samuel-2 15:23
The king himself also passed over the brook Kidron, and all the people passed
over, toward the way of the wilderness
NOTE: In Ioan (John) 18:1 the stream is called Cedron (qv)
:_______________________________.
ci Ebrill ‹kii e-brilh› masculine
noun
1 cwn Ebrill curlews (“
dogs (of) April”) (from the sound of their cries in the spring)
:_______________________________.
cig ‹KIIG› (masculine noun)
1 meat
2 bwyell gig meat axe, cleaver PLURAL bwyeill cig
(bwyell = axe) + soft mutation + (cig = meat)
3 pelen gig, PLURAL pelenni cig
meatball
(pelen = ball) + soft mutation + (cig = meat)
4 cigyn ‹KII-gin› piece of meat
5
llengig diaphragm
Literally “tissue-flesh” llén|gig
< lléin|gig < lli|éin|gig
(lliein- < lliain = tissue ) + soft mutation + (cig = flesh, meat)
In Breton it is lienenn-gig (same
meaning)
:_______________________________.
cigfran,
cigfrain ‹KIG vran, KIG vrain›
(feminine noun)
1 (corvus corax) rook
y gigfran = the rook
:_______________________________.
cig moch ‹kiig MOOKH› masculine noun
1 pork
2 cyn hallted â heli cig moch
very salty ‘as salty as (the) brine (for salting) pork’
:_______________________________.
cigymwrthodwr,
cigymwrthodwyr ‹ki gə mor THO dur, ki
gə mor THOD wir› (masculine noun)
1 non-meateater
:_______________________________.
cigysol ‹kig- ə
-sol› adjective
1 carnivorous, meat-eating
ETYMOLOGY: (cig = meat) + (-ysol = -eating);
(ys- stem of ysu = consume) + (-ol
suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
cigysor ‹kig- ə
-sor› masculine noun
PLURAL cigysorion
‹kig-ə-sor-yon›
1 carnivore, meat-eater
ETYMOLOGY: (cig = meat) + (-ysol = -eating); (ys- stem of ysu =
consume) + (-or suffix for
indicating a an agent; from Latin -ârius,
in words taken from Latin (canghellor
(= chancellor) < cancellârius;
afterwards used as a suffix with native words – telynor = harpist)
:_______________________________.
ci heddlu, cŵn
heddlu ‹kii HEDH li, kuun HEDH li›
(masculine noun)
1 police dog
:_______________________________.
ci hela, cŵn
hela ‹kii HE la, kuun HE la›
(masculine noun)
1 hunting dog, hound
:_______________________________.
cil (1) ‹kiil› masculine noun
PLURAL ciliau
‹kil -ye›
1 back
2 (obsolete) retreating, recoiling, flight;
ar gil in retreat, fleeing
gyrru ar gil rout put to flight
This cil in the phrase ar gil, rather than being the noun cil,
is in fact cil-, the stem of the verb cilio (= to retreat),
though cilio is based on cil (= back, nook, retreat, etc) (+ -io
verbal suffix)
3 (in certain compounds which mean ‘remnant’)
cilran (obsolete) (rhan =
part)
cilcyn (obsolete) (-cyn=
diminutive suffix),
cilyn (South Wales)
5 (in certain compounds with the meaning ‘situated at the back’)
cilddant molar (dant = tooth)
cf Irish ‘cúlfhiacail’ (= molar) (cúl = back) + (fiacail
= tooth); also English ‘back tooth’;
yng nghil (rhywun / rhywbeth)
following (somebody / something)
yn sgil (rhywun / rhywbeth)
behind, riding pillion to; as a consequence of, following (somebody /
something)
cf Irish “marcaíocht ar gúla” - ride pillion;
sgil < isgîl < (is = below) + soft mutation + (cil =
back)
6 (obsolete) (tool) non-cutting edge, back of an edged tool,
non-sharpened edge;
cf Irish “cúil scine” = back of a knife
7 corner;
cil y llygad the corner of the eye;
cil y foch (obsolete) corner of the
mouth;
cil y pentan inglenook, corner of
the hearth
8 (in certain compounds and turns of phrase) cud = food that a
ruminating animal brings back from the first stomach to chew;
cnoi cil chew cud; reflect
cilfil ruminant (mil =
animal)
cildrói (obsolete) turn over in the
mouth, masticate (troi = turn)
cilgnói masticate (cnoi =
chew)
9 recess, corner, nook, retreat, secluded place
cil haul “secluded-place (away from
the) sun”, shady side, slope of a mountain which does not receive direct
sunlight;.
Cil y Fwyalch - name of a folk tune
(Blackbird’s Retreat)
Also as Cil yr Aderyn Du
(i) Common in place names –
...(a) Ciliau Aeron (river
name Aeron)
...(b) Cilowain (man’s name, Owain)
...(c) Cinmel
(originally Cílmael < Cil-máel)
(male name Mael)
(ii) certain compound words = remote, secluded, out of the way
cilan (obsolete; found in place
names) inlet, creek, cove (-an diminutive suffix) cf Irish “cúlán” = out-of-the-way place;
cilbant = secluded hollow (pant
= hollow);
cilfa (obsolete) inlet, creek, cove
(-fa, suffix = place)
cilfach secluded place, nook; (on the coast) inlet, creek, cove (bach
= corner, bend)
cilfan (obsolete) nook (man = place);
cilffordd / cilheol = (obsolete) remote road, back road, by-way (ffordd = road);
cf certain place names – cil as a
prefix + soft mutation + name of topographic feature
...(a) Cilfynydd secluded upland (mynydd = upland, mountain),
...(b) Cilgoed secluded wood,
backwood (coed = wood)
Cilgoed is the modern Welsh equivalent of these place names in England
of early Welsh origin: “Culcheth”, “Culgaith”
Cf similar examples in Irish which indicate ‘seclusion’
“cúlaon” = recess in a field,
“cúláisean” = nook,
“cúlraid” = secluded place
10 upper back part of a harp, where the short strings are
cilddant treble string, one of the
short strings of a harp
un o’r tannau manaf yng nghil y delyn
one of the smaller strings in the top back part of the harp
11 (place names) (South Wales) source of a stream
(a) Cilhepste = the source of the
Hepste,
(b) Cil-laswg
12 (obsolete) nape of the neck, back of the neck; but it retains
this sense in the compound gwegil =
back of the neck (gwo- prepositional
prefix = under) + soft mutation + (cil
= back of the neck)
13 waning of the moon;
cil y lleuad waning of the moon;
cilgant crescent, last quarter of
the moon
(cil = corner; waning) + soft mutation + (cant = circle, rim)
(a nineteenth-century coining)
ar gil on the wane (this cil is
more correctly, is cil- the stem of the verb cilio (= to
retreat). Cilio is based on cil (= back, nook, retreat, etc))
Monosyllabic words in Welsh with “i” often have an Irish equivalent with “ú”
Hence cil, Irish cúl
Cf the Irish expression “Tá cúl ar an
ngealach” The moon is waning, (“there is waning (‘cúl’) on the moon”)
14 (in some compound forms) side
(a) cilbost (North Wales) gatepost;
(b) cilolwg sideways look, glance
(cf Irish cúlamharc = glance, ‘side
+ look’);
(c) cilgell / cilbarth (obsolete) sideroom;
(d) cildrem (obsolete) sideways look
15
space made when something is partially opened;
cil y drws back of the door; the gap
between the door and the frame;
…..agor cil y drws i rywun / agor y drws i rywun open the door to
somebody
…..Agor dipyn ar gil y drws open the door a bit more (in the Welsh folk
song Mae gen i dipyn o dy^ bach twt / I have a neat little house)
cilagored = (door) ajar, half-open
…..Mae’r drws yn gilagored the door is
ajar, half-open
cil dwrn half-open hand
cildwrn tip
16 away - in the verb cilio
= withdraw, retreat, move back (same as in Irish “culaigh, ag culú” = to
retreat);
cilio yn ei garn - go back on one’s
word (‘retreat into one’s hilt’)
17 gwegil nape of the neck < *gwagil
(with the change a > e under the influence of the i in
the final syllable)
(gwa, a variant of the prefix gwo = under) + soft mutation + (cil
= back part)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cil <
British < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish kil
(= nook, back), Breton kil (= back
of an object)
From the same Celtic root: Irish cúl
(= back)
Related to the Celtic root: Latin cűlus
(American: butt, ass; Englandic: bum, arse), hence Catalan cul (same meaning), Castilian culo (same meaning)
:_______________________________.
cilan ‹KII lan› feminine noun
PLURAL cilannau ‹ki-
lA -ne›
1 recess, nook
2 cove = small bay; creek, inlet of sea
3 in place names in North-west Wales -
See Cilan
:_______________________________.
cilcyn ‹KIL kin› (nm)
PLURAL cilcynnos ‹kil-
KUH-nos ›
(Ceredigion: ciltyn)
1 remnant, remaining portion; fragment
cilcyn o
gaws a bit of cheese
:_______________________________.
Cilan ‹KII lan›
LLANDUDNO
Y Gilan house name in
Craig-y-don, Llandudno (county of Conwy) (in the list of members in “The
Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)
BWLCHTOCYN / LLANENGAN
Cilan Uchaf farm by Bwlchtocyn (Llyn peninsula, Gwynedd)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=291165 map
Mynydd Cilan
SH2924 upland in Bwlchtocyn
Pen Cilan
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=292065
Trwyn Cilan a headland south of Mynydd Cilan
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/27150
Trwyn Cilan
CILCAIN
Lôn Cilan
street name in Cilcain, Yr Wyddgrug (Sir y Fflint)
PWLLHELI
Cilan,
house name, Stryd Penlan, Pwllheli (Gwynedd)
LLANDRILLO
Cilan SJ0237 farm in the county of Dinbych / Denbigh
Llawrcilan / Llawr Cilan SJ0237 farm in the county of Dinbych / Denbigh
Pont Cilan SJ0237 a bridge near Cilan farm
Hywel Cilan, poet in the 1400`s, said to be born at Llawrcilan / Llawr
Cilan
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/140379
Llawrcilan
Llechwedd Cilan SJ0236 a hillside near Cilan farm
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/563218
ETYMOLOGY: (cil = nook, recess,
creek) + (-an diminutive suffix added to nouns)
:_______________________________.
Cilcen ‹KIL-
ken›
1 a local form of Cilcain (qv) (a village in Sir y Fflint)
:_______________________________.
Cilcain ‹KIL-
kAin›
1 SJ1765 village in Sir y Fflint
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/198678
yr hen ysgol, Cilcain
ETYMOLOGY: (cil = corner,
recess) + ??
NOTE: The local form is Cilcen (with the normal reduction in spoken Welsh in a
final syllable of the diphthong ai
> the simple vowel e)
The Calvanistic Methodist church here was (is?) called Pentre Cilcen
(delwedd 7439)
:_______________________________.
cilchwerthin ‹kil- khwer -thin› verb
1 snigger
cilchwerthin ar rywun to snigger at someone
ETYMOLOGY: (cil = corner,
recess) + (chwerthin = to laugh)
:_______________________________.
Cilgoed ‹KIL-goed›
1 Culgaith NY6029, a village in Cumbria, England, 10 km east of
Penrith
(delwedd 7022)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/236983
2 Culcheth SJ6595 village east of Warrington, England
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/34900
(delwedd 7023)
ETYMOLOGY: “secluded
wood, backwood” (cil = corner,
recess, back) + soft mutation + (coed = wood)
(delwedd 7420)
:_______________________________.
Cilgwri ‹PEN-hrin kil-GUU-ri›
1 Penrhyn Cilgwri A peninsula
in England between the estuaries of the Dyfrdwy / Dee and Mersey
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/287489
SJ3089 Parc Penbedw
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) peninsula (of) Cilgwri”
Cilgwri ?cil Gwri “recess (of) Gwri” (cil = recess) + (Gwri
personal name)
(delwedd 7439)
:_______________________________.
cildyn ‹kil -din› adjective
1 obsolete stubborn, obstinate,
recalcitrant
Diarhebion 2:15 Y rhai sydd â’u ffyrdd
yn geimion, ac yn gildyn yn eu llwybrau
Proverbs 2:15 Whose ways are crooked, and they froward in their paths
ETYMOLOGY: (cil = back of the neck;
retreat; corner, angle) + soft mutation + (tyn
= obstinate)
:_______________________________.
ciledrych ‹kil- e -drikh› verb
1 ciledrych ar glance
sideways at, cast a sideways glance at, look aside at, look askance at
2 ciledrych i’r chwith
look quickly to the left, glance to the left
3 ciledrych dros eich ysgwydd
glance over your shoulder
ETYMOLOGY: (cil = corner, angle) + (edrych = to look)
:_______________________________.
ciledrychiad ‹kil-e- drəkh -yad› masculine
noun
PLURAL ciledrychiadau
‹kil-e-drəkh- yâ -de›
1 sideways look
ETYMOLOGY: (ciledrych = to glance,
look askance) + (-iad = suffix for
forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
Cilelái ‹kiil-e- lai›
1 locality in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf. Local pronunciation: Cileli ‹kiil-e-li›
ETYMOLOGY: “source (of the river) Elái” (cil
= source of a stream)
:_______________________________.
cildrói ‹kil DROI› (verb)
1 retreat
:_______________________________.
cildwrn,
cildyrnau ‹KIL durn, kil DƏR ne›
(masculine noun)
1 tip, gratuity
rhoi cildwrn give a tip
un da am roi cildwrn (speaking of a
male) a good tipper
un dda am roi cildwrn (speaking of a
female) a good tipper
:_______________________________.
cilfa ‹kil-va› feminine noun
PLURAL cilféydd,
cilfaoedd ‹kil-veidh, kil-vâ-odh›
1 creek, cove, small inlet on the coast
y gilfa = the creek
Gilfa. Grid
Reference: SJ 11648 54476. Field name in the parish of Efenechtyd,
Denbighshire. Noted 1841.
(However
it may be a form of gilfach < cilfach)
ETYMOLOGY: (cil = corner, recess,
nook) + (-fa = place)
:_______________________________.
cilfach ‹kil -vakh› feminine
noun
PLURAL cilfachau
‹kil- vâ
-khe›
1 nook, secluded spot, recess, corner
y gilfach = the nook
chwilio am gilfach gudd yn yr ogof
look for a hidden corner of the cave
Roedd y plant wedi gadael y teganau mewn
gwahanol gilfachau yn y lolfa
The kids had left the toys in various nooks around the lounge
Found as a field name (Gilfach < Y Gilfach). Some examples from the
Cynefin website:
Gilfach. SH 63176 71189. Parish:
Llanllechid, Sir Gaernarfon / Caernarfonshire. Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SH 81349 80291. Parish: Llandudno ac Eglwys-rhos, Sir Gaernarfon /
Caernarfonshire. Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SN 90174 52630. Parish: Llanfihangel Abergwesyn, Sir Frycheiniog /
Breconshire. Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SN 91233 46816. Parish: Penbuallt, Sir Frycheiniog / Breconshire.
Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SO 04523 36674. Parish: Llanfihangel Fechan,
Sir Frycheiniog / Breconshire. Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SO 15280 27173. Parish: Llan-gors, Sir
Frycheiniog / Breconshire. Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SN 28944 18133. Parish: Sanclęr, Sir Gaerfyrddin / Carmarthenshire.
Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SN 32448 48307. Parish: Pen-bryn, Ceredigion / Cardiganshire. Blwyddyn
/ Year 1841.
Gilfach. SN 32500 48218. Parish: Pen-bryn, Ceredigion / Cardiganshire. Blwyddyn
/ Year 1841.
Gilfach. SN 32555 48133. Parish: Pen-bryn, Ceredigion / Cardiganshire. Blwyddyn
/ Year 1841.
Gilfach. SN 53786 57815. Parish: Trefilan, Ceredigion / Cardiganshire. Blwyddyn
/ Year 1841.
Gilfach. SN 59476 83599. Parish: Llangorwen, Ceredigion / Cardiganshire.
Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SN 66766 61062. Parish: Caron Is Clawdd, Ceredigion / Cardiganshire.
Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SH 82220 54549. Parish: Llan-rw^st Wledig, Sir Ddinbych /
Denbighshire. Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SH 88139 66781. Parish: Llangernyw, Sir Ddinbych / Denbighshire.
Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SH 92105 63213. Parish: Llansannan, Sir Ddinbych / Denbighshire.
Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SH 96722 75022. Parish: Abergele Wledig, Sir Ddinbych / Denbighshire.
Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SJ 10057 64742. Parish: Llandyrnog, Sir Ddinbych / Denbighshire.
Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SJ 14077 51934. Parish: Llanfair Dyffryn Clwyd, Sir Ddinbych /
Denbighshire. Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SJ 02133 80579. Parish: Y Rhyl, Sir Fflint / Flintshire. Blwyddyn /
Year 1841.
Gilfach. SJ 14871 76505. Parish: Chwitffordd, Sir Fflint / Flintshire. Blwyddyn
/ Year 1841.
Gilfach. SJ 15323 78292. Parish: Chwitffordd, Sir Fflint / Flintshire. Blwyddyn
/ Year 1841.
Gilfach. SJ 17481 67217. Parish: Cilcain, Sir Fflint / Flintshire. Blwyddyn /
Year 1841.
Gilfach. SJ 25694 58993. Parish: Treuddyn, Sir Fflint / Flintshire. Blwyddyn /
Year 1841.
Gilfach. SJ 29263 57938. Parish: Yr Hob, Sir Fflint / Flintshire. Blwyddyn /
Year 1841.
Gilfach. SJ 29263 57938. Parish: Yr Hob, Sir Fflint / Flintshire. Blwyddyn /
Year 1841.
Gilfach. SJ 29863 59306. Parish: Yr Hob, Sir Fflint / Flintshire. Blwyddyn /
Year 1841.
Gilfach. SJ 29433 68775. Parish: Ceiconna, Sir Fflint / Flintshire. Blwyddyn /
Year 1841.
Gilfach. SJ 18063 15395. Parish: Meifod, Sir Drefaldwyn / Montgomeryshire.
Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SJ 18063 15395. Parish: Meifod, Sir Drefaldwyn / Montgomeryshire.
Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SH 31186 91332. Parish: Llanfair yng Nghornwy, Ynys Môn / Anglesey.
Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SS 49388 91380. Parish: Llanrhidian Isaf, Sir Forgannwg / Glamorgan.
Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SM 78240 24825. Parish: Ty^ddewi, Sir Benfro / Pembrokeshire. Blwyddyn
/ Year 1841.
Gilfach. SM 78240 24825. Parish: Ty^ddewi, Sir Benfro / Pembrokeshire. Blwyddyn
/ Year 1841.
Gilfach. SM 88574 28718. Parish: Llanedrain / St Edrens, Sir Benfro /
Pembrokeshire. Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
Gilfach. SN 06262 38836. Parish: Trefdraeth / Newport, Sir Benfro /
Pembrokeshire. Blwyddyn / Year 1841.
As a settlement name (Gilfach < Y Gilfach). Some examples from Cynefin
website:
Gilfach. SN 31053 16078.
Parish: Sanclęr / St Clears, Sir Gaerfyrddin / Carmarthenshire. Blwyddyn / Year
1898-1908.
Gilfach. SN 39750 31030. Parish: Cynwyl Elfed, Sir Gaerfyrddin /
Carmarthenshire. Blwyddyn / Year 1898-1908.
Gilfach. SN 48173 22943. Parish: Abergwili, Sir Gaerfyrddin / Carmarthenshire.
Blwyddyn / Year 1898-1908.
Gilfach. SN 57228 18170. Parish: Llanfihangel Aberbythych, Sir Gaerfyrddin /
Carmarthenshire. Blwyddyn / Year 1898-1908.
Gilfach. SN 58322 10371. Parish: Llandybďe, Sir Gaerfyrddin / Carmarthenshire.
Blwyddyn / Year 1898-1908.
Gilfach. SN 63864 10652. Parish: Y Betws, Sir Gaerfyrddin / Carmarthenshire.
Blwyddyn / Year 1898-1908.
Gilfach. SN 48311 15821. Parish: Llangyndeyrn, Sir Gaerfyrddin /
Carmarthenshire. Blwyddyn / Year 1898-1908.
Gilfach. SN 70750 34592. Parish: Llanwrda, Sir Gaerfyrddin / Carmarthenshire.
Blwyddyn / Year 1898-1908.
2 corner for special activities
cilfach Siôn Corn ar y llawr isaf
Father Christmas’s Corner on the ground floor (of the shop)
3 Landscape nook, corner,
isolated place
Y Gilfach-goch (“the red corner”)
village in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf
4 Landscape cove, creek,
sea inlet
also: cilfach fôr (“creek (of) sea”)
Gilfach yr Halen (= cilfach yr
halen) (“(the) creek (of) the salt) name of a bay in Ceredigion (the mutation
of c > g is unusual as a radical form in a name of this type, and would
occur only in the usual contexts of mutation, such as after certain
prepositions, such as “i Gilfach yr Halen” = to Cilfach yr Halen)
Ond pan gyda’r llanw dychwelaf / I’r
gilfach, er gwell ac er gwaeth, / Bydd Gwylan, a’i llygad yn llonnach, / Yn
sefyll ar leithder y traeth
But when I return on the tide / to the cove, for better or for worse / There
will be Gwylan, with her eyes merrier / Standing on the wetness of the beach.
From the poem ‘Gwylan’ by Eifion Wyn (in Telynegion Maes a Môr, published 1908)
5 bay = recess by a way or road
cilfach lwytho loading bay, area for
a vehicle to load or unload
cilfach barcio parking bay, area for
a vehicle to park; layby, place at
the roadside where a vehicla can stop temporarily
ETYMOLOGY: (cil = corner, recess) +
soft mutation + (bach = corner,
bend)
:_______________________________.
cilfilyn ‹kil- vî -lin› masculine noun
PLURAL cilfilod ‹kil-
vî -lod›
1 ruminant
jiráff - cilfilyn brych gyddfir Affricanaidd
giraffe – a spotted long-necked African ruminant
ETYMOLOGY: (cil = cud) + soft
mutation + (mil = animal ) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to
nouns)
:_______________________________.
cilgant ‹kil
-gant› masculine noun
PLURAL cilgantau
‹kil-gan-te›
1 crescent = concavo-convex shape of the moon during the first or last
quarter
2 crescent = symbol of Islam
Y Cilgant Coch The Red Crescent,
equivalent of the Red Cross organisation in Moslem countries
3 crescent = curved row of houses with the same façade
4 crescent = curved street; a road, usually suburban, in the shape
of a crescent)
Street names:
..1/ Y Cilgant - street name in
Penyrheol, county of Caerffili
Y Gilgant (name of a street in Corwen, county of Dinbych) The
Cresent
(for some reason a feminine noun here – possibly an error in translation)
..2/ Cilgant Eglwys Wen name of a
street in Bodelwyddan, Y Rhyl
(“crescent (of) (the) white church”)
..3/ Cilgant y Meillion name of a street
in Rhws (county of Bro Morgannwg)
(“crescent (of) the clover”)
Many towns have streets named ‘The Crescent’ on English-language maps. The
Welsh name would be, as in the Penyrheol name, Y Cilgant (if no genuine Welsh name exists).
Towns with “The Crescent”:
..1 Abercynffig (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
..2 Aber-dâr (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
..3 Arberth (county of Penfro)
..4 Bangor (county of Gwynedd)
..5 Bedwas (county of Caerffili)
..6 Caer-dydd
..7 Caerffili
..8 Cwm-brân (county of Torfaen)
..9 Glynebwy (county of Blaenau Gwent)
..10 Llanelwedd (county of Powys)
..11 Maesycwmwr, Hengoed (county of Caerffili)
..12 Merthyrtewdrig, Cas-gwent (county of Mynwy)
..13 Nant-y-glo (county of Blaenau Gwent)
..14 Notais, Porth-cawl (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
..15 Pen-lan (county of Blaenau Abertawe)
..16 Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (county of Gwynedd) Bridgend, Glamorgan
..17 Porthmadog (county of Gwynedd)
..18 Rhos, Baecolwyn (county of Conwy)
..19 Tredegar (county of Blaenau Gwent)
..20 Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg)
..21 Y Creunant (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
..22 Y Cwm-du, Crugywel (county of Powys)
..23 Y Drenewydd (county of Powys)
..24 Y Gors-las (county of Caerfyrddin)
..25 Y Rhyl (county of Dinbych)
..26 Y Tyllgoed (county of Caer-dydd)
..27 Y Tywyn-bach (county of Caerfyrddin)
ETYMOLOGY: cilgant (cil = corner; wane of moon) + soft
mutation + (cant = circle, rim) (a
nineteenth-century coining)
:_______________________________.
Cilgerran ‹kil-ge-ran› feminine noun
1 SN1942 locality in the county of Penfro, south-west Wales
2 a parish at this place
ETYMOLOGY: ?
:_______________________________.
cilgi ‹kil -gi› masculine
noun
PLURAL cilgwn
‹kil -gun›
1 coward, person who runs off; especially in the saying
Iach cilgi drannoeth A coward lives
to see another day; Flight is better than fight; Better to save your skin than
stand and fight; Discretion is the better part of valour
Literally: (“(it is) || healthy / all in one piece || (a) coward || the
following day”)
cilgi parod an out-and-out coward
(Literally “ready coward”)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘dog which flees’ cilgi (cil, stem of cilio = retreat, flee) + soft mutation + (ci = dog, used disparagingly for ‘person’ in certain compound
words)
:_______________________________.
cil haul ‹kiil HAIL› (masculine noun)
1 place in the shade, place which doesn’t receive sunlight;
2 frequent in farm names and house names (Cil-haul)
:_______________________________.
cilio ‹KIL yo› (verb)
1 retreat, back off, back away, recede, move back
2
cilio i’r cefndir take a back seat,
fade into the background, move out of the public eye (“retreat to the
background”)
3 cil hidden (stem of cilio)
(obsolete) retreating, recoiling, flight;
ar gil in retreat, fleeing,
gyrru ar gil rout put to flight
NOTE: In the English dialect of
Llanidloes:
GILL, hiding. “He’s on gill” he’s hiding. From the Welsh Gil, a recess, a place
to fly to. (Parochial Account of Llanidloes / Edward Hamer / Chapter X / Folk-lore.
Page 290 Collections Historical and Archeological Relating to Montgomeryshire
and its Borders / 1877)
:_______________________________.
cilo, cilos ‹KI lo, KI los› (masculine noun)
1 kilo
un cilo one kilo
cilo a hanner one and a half kilos
dau gilo two kilos
tri chilo three kilos
pedwar cilo four kilos
pum cilo five kilos
chwe chilo six kilos
saith cilo seven kilos
wyth cilo eight kilos
naw cilo nine kilos
deg cilo ten kilos
un cilo ar ddeg eleven kilos
deuddeg cilo twelve kilos
:_______________________________.
Cilpeddeg
‹kil-pę-dheg ›
1 Llanddewi Cilpeddeg (SO4430) locality in
‘Gwent-in-England’, in the county of Herefordshire, England, 6km northeast of
Pontrilas
English name:: Kilpeck
ETYMOLOGY: Cilpeddeg is “source (of
the stream called) Peddeg”
(cil = corner, nook; source) + (Peddeg meaning unknown, but
the name of two other streams in the south-east)
Cil in the sense of the source of a stream is evidenced in other place
names in South Wales
Llanddewi Cilpeddeg is “(the) Llanddewi (which is at) Cilpeddeg”.
Llanddewi “church (of) David” (llan = church) + soft
mutation + (Dewi = David) ; because there are other places
with the same name Llanddewi, a tag is generally added to distinguish
them.
:_______________________________.
Cilrhedyn ‹kil- hree -din›
1 (SN2734) locality in the county of Ceredigion, 6km southwest of
Castellnewydd Emlyn
Ancient name: Llanddewi Cilrhedyn
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently ‘nook (of)
bracken’; (cil = nook, secluded place) + (rhedyn = bracken).
The old name Llanddewi Cilrhedyn is ‘the ‘Llanddewi’ situated at
Cilrhedyn’ (Llanddewi = ‘church of David’, a common church name)
:_______________________________.
ciltyn ‹KIL-tin›
1 (Ceredigion) see cilcyn (= remnant; fragment)
:_______________________________.
cilydd ‹KII lidh› (masculine noun)
1 (obsolete) fellow;
2 ei gilydd each other
(‘his fellow’)
a’i gilydd and another (‘and his fellow’)
tiroedd a’i gilydd one territory and another, one piece of land and
another
Roedd nentydd yn aml yn ffiniau hwylus rhwng tiroedd a'i gilydd, a dyma pam
y ceir ambell Nant y Ffin ar y map
Streams were convenient boundaries between one piece of land and another,
and that is why we find an occasional Nant y Ffin (boundary stream) on the map
:_______________________________.
cilyn ‹KII lin› (masculine noun)
1 (Mid-Wales) kiln
ETYMOLOGY: cilyn / cilin < ciln < English kiln <
Old English cyln < Latin culina kitchen < coquere
(= to cook)
______________________________.
cilyn ‹KII lin› (masculine noun)
1 (South Wales) remnant
ETYMOLOGY: (cil = back) + (-yn suffix)
:_______________________________.
cim ‹kim› masculine noun
1 common land (found in place names in Arfon and the Llyn peninsula,
county of Gwynedd)
ABER-SOCH
..1/ Y Cim SH3125 at Porth Ceiriad, Aber-soch in the Llyn peninsula
(county of Gwynedd)
CARMEL
..2/ Y Cim, Carmel SH4954
Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=319045
Carmel
LLANENGAN
..3/ Y Cim
..a) Distyll y Cim Llanengan (“low-water mark at Y Cim”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/192730
Y Cim
MYNYDD CILAN
..4/ Y Cim at the foot of the mountain called Mynydd Cilan SH2924, south
of Bwlchtocyn and Sarn-bach in the Llyn peninsula (county of Gwynedd)
PONTLLYFNI
..5/ Y Cim SH4452 by Brynaerau, Dyffryn Nantlle in the county of
Gwynedd, east of Pontllyfni. Here too are
..a) Pont y Cim (the bridge at Y
Cim)
..b) Efail y Cim (the smithy at Y
Cim)
..c) Pistyll y Cim (the waterfall at Y Cim)
..d) Melin y Cim (the mill at Y Cim)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/172998
Pont y Cim
PORTH DINLLÁEN
..6/ Y Cim Lewis Morris, in “Plans of Harbours, Bars, Bays and Roads in
St. George’s Channels” (1748) mentions “Kim” by Porth Dinlláen SH 2741. Porth
Dinlláen is a cove by Morfanefyn, in the Llyn peninsula (county of Gwynedd)
There is also a derivative of the word cim formed by the addition of an unknown element –ne; this base form cimne has given rise to the following
variants, also listed as separate headwords on this page:
(a) cinme < cimne
(b) cimdda
< cimdde < cimne
(c) cimla <
cimle < cimne
ETYMOLOGY: unknown origin
:_______________________________.
cimdda ‹kim -dha› masculine
noun
1 (South-east Wales) common land. Sometimes in the form cymdda ‹kəm-dha›
(1) Y Cymdda common land in
Llan-daf (Caer-dydd). According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in
‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911):
“Cymdda Bach / Cymla Bach (the little common.) In the parish of Llandaff
(1730.) A small thatched cottage at Llandaff Yard.”
Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, page 482, Y Cimdda, ger Llandaf (The common of
Kimney of Landaffe, 1612, Card[iff] Rec[ord]s v. 13
(2) Y Cymdda common land in Y Rhath
(Caer-dydd)
According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’
(1889-1911):
“Cyndda, or Cymdda, or Cymla Bach. A small thatched house which stood on the
side of Pen-y-waun Road, on the corner of Ninian Road, by Roath Park. The name
is Welsh and means “The Common.” In 1653 the house was described as a messuage
and land, partly common, in the manor of Llystalybont. It was blown down in a
storm (1895)”
(3) Y Cimdda common land in Tre-lai
(Caer-dydd). English name: Ely Common
John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911) quotes a
verse by Twm Llewelyn, Llantrisant mocking the composer of verses (tribannau)
Siemsyn Twrbil (James Turberville), who lived in Tre-lai:
Siemsyn Twrbil smala / A godwyd ar y
Cimdda / Rwyt wedi dysgu iaith dy fam / A honno gan y gwydda
Drôle Shemsyn Twrbil who was brought up on the Common; you have learnt your
mother’s language – from geese
(4) Y Cymdda common land in
Llantrisant (Rhondda-Cynon-Taf)
Nant Cymdda Bach stream between
Llantrisant and Beddau (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, page 482, Y Cimdda, darn o gomin ger tref
Llantrisant, (kimne 1578, RICE MERRICK: A Book of Glamorganshire
Antiquities)
(= Y Cimdda, a part of common land near the town of Llantrisant)
(5) Y Cimla place at Llan-gan SS9577
(county of Bro Morgannwg), south-east of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr, according to
Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, page 482
(6) Coed y Cymdda name of a wood
east of Gwenfô (county of Bro Morgannwg)
(7) Y Cymdda SS9183 common land
south of Y Sarn (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
Y Cymdda street name by this place
ETYMOLOGY:
cimne apparently (cim =
common land) + (-ne, suffix of unknown meaning)
cimne > cimle (n > l)
cimle > cimla In south-east
Wales a final ‹e› becomes ‹a›.
cimla > cimdda (l > dd)
cimdda > cymdda (the tonic vowel becomes an obscure vowel)
The change -ne > -le > -dde is also seen in shimne (= chimney) > shimle >
shimdde
:_______________________________.
cimdde ‹kim -dhe› masculine
noun
1 common land. Found in places names in the south-east in the form cimdda or cymdda. See cimdda.
ETYMOLOGY: (1) cimdde < cimne. Cimne is (cim = common land) + (-ne,
unknown element)
(2) The change -ne > -le >
-dde is also seen in shimne (= chimney) > shimle >
shimdde
:_______________________________.
cimla ‹kim -la› masculine
noun
1 common land
(1) Y Cimla SS 7696 a
village in the county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan, on the eastern side of the
town of Castell-nedd. From the name of common here, which on th Ordnance Survey
map is indicated with the tautological “Cimla Common”
Heol y Cimla (“Cimla Road”) the road
from Castell-nedd to Y Cimla
(2) Waun Cimla, open land on the
east of Mynyddcynffig (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
= gwaun y cimne – (“the) heath (of) the
common land
(3) Y Cimla Llan-daf (Caer-dydd).
See Cimdda
(4) Y Cimla Y Rhath (Caer-dydd). See
Cimdda
ETYMOLOGY: (1) In south-east Wales a final ‹e›
becomes ‹a›. Thus cimla < cimle, which
in turn is from cimne. Cimne is (cim = common land) + (-ne,
unknown element)
(2) The change -ne > -le is possibly the result of confusion
with the suffix -le, < lle (= place).
(3) The change -ne > -le is also seen in shimne (= chimney) > colloquially shimle
:_______________________________.
cimle ‹kim -le› masculine
noun
PLURAL cimleydd,
cimleoedd ‹kim-lę-idd, -odh›
1 common land
2 Y Cimle place between
Llanfaelrhys SH2126 and Rhiw, in the
Llyn peninsula, county of Gwynedd
(Query: is the local form Cimla?
since in the north-west a final ‹e› invariably
becomes ‹a›)
ETYMOLOGY: (1) cimle < cimne. Cimne is (cim = common
land) + (-ne, unknown element)
(2) The change -ne > -le is possibly the result of confusion
with the suffix -le, < lle (= place).
(3) The change -ne > -le is also seen in shimne (= chimney) > colloquially shimle
See cimla
:_______________________________.
cimne ‹kim –ne› masculine
noun
1 common land; occurs in various forms in the place names of Wales
2 cimne > cimle
(qv)
The change -ne > -le is also seen in shimne (= chimney) > colloquially shimle. It is possibly the result of
confusion with the suffix -le, < lle (= place).
3 cimne > cimle > cimla
(qv) (in south-east Wales ‘e’ in a final syllable becomes ‘a’)
4 cimne > cimdde
(qv)
The change -ne > -dde is also seen in shimne (= chimney) > colloquially shimdde
5 cimne > cimdde > cimdda
(qv)
ETYMOLOGY: (cim = common land) + (-ne suffix of unknown meaning)
:_______________________________.
cin ‹kin› (m)
PLURAL ciniau,
cinion, cinnau ‹kin –yai –e, kin-yon, kin-ai -e›
1 (not in use in modern Welsh) shred, piece of cŷh, rag
2 ciniach / cinnach (obsolete word) shreds, rags (cin) + (-i-ach
or –ach, plural ending, often indicating disdain, or ‘worthless’)
ETYMOLOGY: unknown
:_______________________________.
Cěn-coed <kin
KOID> [kɪnˡkɔɪd]
1 hill in Llangurig (Powys)
The
History of the Parish of Llangurig. By Edward Hamer, Esq., and H. W. Lloyd, Esq. 1875
“CIN-COED, cin may be a corruption of Cefn, ce'n; in which case the word would mean the ridge of the
wood.
It is the name of a hill in
the t.p. [township] of Glyn-Brochan, and also of
several small f[arm]s. and
tenements on its slopes. “
ETYMOLOGY:
cefn y coed (“(the) hill (of) the wood”), the wooded hill
Note: Often
found as Cincoed, but if
spelt according to the rules for such names with a stressed final monosyllabic
element – i.e. with a hyphen - (Cin-coed) there
is no doubt about the pronunciation of this name. But more correctly still it
would be Cěn-coed (though this spelling is never found), as the
vowel needs to be marked as short – it is usually long in this environment (blin, ffin, min, hin, tin)
Not also the spelling Cyncoed / Cyn-coed:
1 district of Caer-dydd (official spelling: Caerdydd,
English Cardiff)
A Survey
had and made of the said Lordshipp or Roth Kensam on the seventh day of May in
the yeare of our Lord God one thousand six hundred and fiftye... for the lands late of David John
William, [be]ing in Kenkoed in the said parish of Lanederne, formerlie in the
tenure of Wenllian [He]rbert
( /
See Cyn-coed.
:_______________________________.
cingroen ‹kin -gron› feminine
noun
PLURAL cingrwyn ‹kin -gruin›
1 stinkhorn Phallus impudicus,
a fungus which gives off an offensive smell
y gingroen = the stinkhorn
2 in expressions to describe a bad smell:
drewi fel y gingroen stink like hell,
stink to high heaven (“stink like the stinkhorn”)
mor ddrewllyd â’r gingroen as smelly
as old socks (“as smelly as the stinkhorn”)
3 North Wales belittling
expression for a person considered disagreeable
Dw i’n malio dim am yr hen gingroen
afiach
I couldn’t care less about that old turd (“the old unhealthy stinkhorn”)
ETYMOLOGY: “shred of skin” (cin =
shred, rag, piece) + soft mutation + (croen
= skin). Maybe because it was used as an exfoliant.
“They really do use the stinkhorns in face cream preparations in the
Balkans. The compounds in these mushrooms act as an exfoliant, leaving skin
looking fresh and clean.” Website: The Fungal Jungal. Page: Stinkhorns http://www.fungaljungal.org/family_pages/Stinkhorns.htm
NOTE: the literary pronuciation is ‹kin-groin›; the colloquial
pronunciation ‹kin-gron›
is also written cingro’n / cingron.
Colloquially the reduction oe > o in the final syllable of a word is
typical
:_______________________________.
cinio ‹kin -yo› masculine noun
PLURAL ciniawau ‹kin-
YAA -we›
1 dinner = midday meal, main meal of the day
cinio twym a hot dinner
hwylio cinio prepare dinner
ar ginio during dinner
llestr cinio dinner dish
bod ar eich cinio be at lunch (“be on you dinner”)
2 dinner, supper = evening meal
3 cinio ysgol school dinner, school lunch (provided to pupils
in a school)
arian cinio = dinner money, formerly (especially 1950’s, 1960’s) taken
to school by the pupil on a Monday to pay for the meals during the following
week
cinio pecyn packed lunch (food taken to school or to work in a
lunch box) (bocs bwyd)
Mae e ar ei ginio He’s having dinner (“he is on his dinner”)
ETYMOLOGY:
..a/ cinio < *cin
+ (-io suffix);
..b/ *cin < British (<
Latin kîna?) < Latin cęna (= supper);
Cornish kiniow (= dinner)
NOTE: (South Wales) masculine noun y cinio, (North Wales) feminine noun y
ginio
:_______________________________.
cinio echwydd ‹kin-yo e-khwidh› masculine noun
1 (now obsolete, but in use in the Blaenau Morgannwg area in
south-east Wales until the 1900s) dinner
ETYMOLOGY: cinio (= dinner), echwydd (= afternoon)
:_______________________________.
cinio ysgol ‹KIN yo Ə skol› (masculine noun)
1 school dinner
:_______________________________.
Cinmeirch <KIN-meirkh> [ˡkɪnməɪrx]
1 (Place-names), occurs in Llanrhaeadr
yng Nghinmeirch (‘the Llanrhaeadr / church of the waterfall in the ‘cwmwd’ (commote
/ district) of Cinmeirch’). SJ0863 4km south-east of Dinbych on the road to
Rhuthun. See Ceinmeirch
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/135356 Y Ficerdy / The Vicarage
Bro Cinmeirch the Cinmeirch district
Ysgol Bro Cinmeirch “(the) school (of) Bro
Cinmeirch”
Name of a primary school in Llanrhaeadr yng Nghinmeirch
(delwedd 7505)
:_______________________________.
Cinmel <KIN-mel> [ˡkɪnmɛl]
1 SH9874 Plas Cinmel (“Kinmel Hall”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/25267
2 SH9874 Parc Cinmel (“Kinmel Park”)
3 Ffordd Cinmel street in Y Rhyl “(Cinmel Street”)
4 Baecinmel (SH9880) (county of Conwy) (“Cinmel Bay”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/893221
Twyni Cinmel / Cinmel Dunes
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/99
Baecinmel
ETYMOLOGY: Cinmel < Cílmael < Cil-máel “secluded place
of Mael”
(cil = secluded place, recess) + (Mael male name)
:_______________________________.
ciosg, ciosgau ‹KI
osg, ki O ske› (masculine noun)
1 kiosk
:_______________________________.
cipio ‹KIP yo›
(verb)
1 take, seize, snatch
cipio cneuen o wâl y blaidd to beard (= oppose) the lion in his den;
confront someone (“take / snatch (a) hazelnut (from) (the) den (of ) the wolf”)
2
pick up, detain
cipio troseddwr pick up a criminal
:_______________________________.
ciplun ‹kip -lin› masculine
noun
PLURAL cipluniau
‹kip-lin
-ye›
1 snapshot
ETYMOLOGY: (cip- = glance, quick
look; snatch) + soft mutation + (llun
= picture)
:_______________________________.
ci poeth ‹kii
POITH › (masculine noun)
PLURAL: cŵn poeth / cŵn poethion ‹kuun
POITH, kuun POITH-yon›
1 hot dog (a frankfurter sausage in a bun)
ETYMOLOGY: (“hot dog”, a translation of the English expression)
(ci = dog) + (poeth = hot)
:_______________________________.
ciprys ‹ki -pris›
verb
1 contend with, wrangle with
ciprys ag angau dice with death
ETYMOLOGY: ??
NOTA: also ciprws
:_______________________________.
CIRCUMFLEX
In Welsh, hirnod (“long mark”), or colloquially, to bach (“little
roof”)
In monosyllables, it marks a long vowel in a short-vowel environment.
For example, in coch, mab, ffos, the vowel is long, but there is no need to
indicate this with a diacritic because the vowel in monosyllables ending in
–ch, -b and –s is long.
(If it happens to be short – often because the word is a borrowing from
English, a grave accent denotes this, though often this is ignored – bŕg (=
bag), bňs (= boss), tŕb (= tab).
With words such as doc (= dock), het (= hat), map (= map), siop (= shop), the
vowel is short. If it happens to be long it is marked by means of a circumflex
- plât (= plate), wâc (= a walk), pęl (= ball).
It is also used in informal texts to indicate regional
pronunciations with a long vowel when the standard language has a short vowel.
In the North, the vowel in monosyllables ending in –st is long.
Nest > Nęst (woman’s name)
In the South, the vowel in monosyllables ending in –ll is long.
pwll > pŵll = pool
y llall > y nâll = the other one
In place names, sometimes it is to be seen in erroneous spellings such as in côch / gôch (not necessary; it should be coch / goch)
Y Talwrn-coch SN5867
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=240736
Farm near Rhydroser, Ceredigion. Spelt as Talwrn-côch on the Ordnance Survey map
:_______________________________.
cist ‹kist
› feminine noun
PLURAL cistiau
‹kist -ye›
1
chest (Scotland: cist)
y gist the chest
cist ddillad cŷhes chest
Allwedd pob cist yw cwrw In vino veritas (“(it-is) (the) key (of) every
chest that-is beer”, beer is the key to every chest)
2
(South Wales) flour bin
cist flawd flour chest
cist flawd ceirch oatmeal chest
3
boot (= car boot) (USA: trunk)
4
cist ludw dustbin
5
dyfrgist cistern = water tank on a
roof, or in a toilet for flushing a toilet bowl
6
cist bleidleisio balŷ box
7
cist = prehistoric stone tomb (English “cist” in this sense is from Welsh)
In names of prehistoric tombs
Cist Arthur “Arthur’s Coffer”
ETYMOLOGY: British < Latin cista
(= box, basket) < Greek kistę (=
box)
Cf English chest < Old English cest (= chest) < Latin cista < Greek
NOTE: in the North with a long vowel cîst
:_______________________________.
Cist Arthur ‹kist ar -thir› feminine
noun
1
a stone on Ysgyrryd Fawr, Llandeilo Bertholau (SO 3218) (county of Mynwy)
Edward Lhuyd (1670-1709) noted 'There is upon Skerid Vawr a great stone shaped
like a house called Cist Arthur'
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO%203218
map
ETYMOLOGY: literally “Arthur's Coffer”, “(the) coffer (of) Arthur”
(cist = coffer) + (Arthur = Arthur)
:_______________________________.
cist ddroriau
‹kist dhror-ye
› feminine noun
PLURAL cistiau
droriau ‹kist-ye
dror-ye›
1 chest of drawers (USA: bureau)
ETYMOLOGY: (“chest (of) drawers”) (cist
= coffer) + soft mutation + (droriau
= drawers, plural of drôr = drawer)
:_______________________________.
cist de ‹kist dee › feminine
noun
PLURAL cistiau te
‹kist-ye tee ›
1
tea chest = large wooden box in which tea is transported and stored
2
tea chest = this type of large wooden box reused (or a box similar in size and shape)
for other purposes; generally for storing things, and for transporting objects
on moving house
ETYMOLOGY: (cist = coffer) + soft
mutation + (te = tea)
:_______________________________.
cistfaen ‹kist -vain› masculine
noun
PLURAL cistfeini
‹kist- vei
-ni›
1
“cistfaen” prehistoric sepulchre, in the form of a box, with four slabs forming
the sides, and a horizontal slab as a lid
ETYMOLOGY: (“chest-stone”) (cist =
coffer) + soft mutation + (maen =
stone)
:_______________________________.
cist flawd ‹kist vlaud› feminine
noun
PLURAL cistiau
blawd ‹kist-ye
blaud›
1
flour chest (Scotland: meal-ark)
ETYMOLOGY: (“chest (of) flour”) (cist
= coffer) + soft mutation + (blawd =
flour)
:_______________________________.
citbag, citbags ‹KIT
bag, KIT bags› (masculine
noun)
1 kitbag
:_______________________________.
Citi ‹KI ti› (feminine noun)
1 Kitty (Diminutive of Cathrin)
:_______________________________.
ciw, ciwiau ‹KIU,
KIU ye› (masculine noun)
1 queue
2 (North Wales) neidio’r ciw
push in (in a queue), jump a queue, jump the queue
(in the South tsheto'r gwt) (“cheat
the queue”)
:_______________________________.
ciwdod, ciwdodau
‹KIU dod, kiu DO de› (feminine noun)
1 (obsolete) tribe, community
y giwdod = the tribe
:_______________________________.
ciwed ‹ki -wed› feminine noun
PLURAL ciweidiau ‹ki- weid -ye›
1 (obsolete) people, nation
y giwed = the nation, the people
2 rabble, mob, crowd, gang, riff-raff. scum
Dyna giwed! What a rabble!
Allwn ni ddim fforddio i'r un o'r giwaid ddianc o'n gafael.
We can’t let any of the riff-raff get away / give us the slip
y giwed (form of address) you rabble!
Dowch ymlaen, y giwed Come along, you rabble
3 bloody things, nuisances
Os yw’r ardd gefn yn llawn danadl, peidiwch â bod yn rhy barod i gael gwared
â'r giwed. Maent yn fagwrfa i fath arbennig o loyn byw
If the back garden is full of nettles, don’t be too keen to get rid of the
nuisances. They are a breeding place for a special kind of butterfly.
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < *ciwęd
< < British *civit- < Latin cîvitâs (= citizenship,
state, town) < cîvis (= citizen)
:_______________________________.
ciwi, ciwis ‹KI wi,
KI wis› (masculine noun)
1 kiwi fruit
:_______________________________.
ciwt ‹KIUT› (adj)
1 sharp, clever,
ingenious
Menyw giwt, alluog iawn oedd Siani’r Waun
Siani from Y Waun was a
clever, capable woman
2 clever with one's hands
ETYMOLOGY: English cute < acute < Latin acūtus (= sharpened), the past participle of acuere (= to sharpen). The verb stem acū- is related to acus (= needle), and ācer (= sharp). TO the stem is added (-tus past participle suffix)
Although in English nowadays
it means “attractive”, the older sense (the one preserved in Welsh) still
survives, in regional colloquial English, if not in the standard language.
London, 1825. Observations on some of the dialects in the West of England particularly
with a glossary of words now in use there ; and poems and other pieces,
exemplifying the dialect. By James Jennings, Honorary Secretary of the
Metropolitan Library Institution, London.
Cute. adj. Sharp, clever.
:_______________________________.
ciwtra ‹KIU-trA› (m)
1 sharpness, cleverness
ETYMOLOGY: ciwtra < “cíwt-tra” (ciwt = sharp, clever) + (-tra
abstract noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
ci ysgyfarnog, cŵn
ysgyfarnog ‹kii ə skə VAR nog, kuun ə skə
VAR nog› (masculine noun)
1 dog for hunting hares
:_______________________________.
cl-, c’l-
1 contraction of ‹k› + vowel + ‹l›, especially in colloquial Welsh
(1) calandrio (= calculate) > c’landro / clandro
(2) Calan Gaeaf (= All Saints’ Day, first day of November, “the calend
of winter”) > > *C’langeua > Clyngeua
gaeaf is pronounced as if written geuaf; the final f of polysyllabic words in Welsh is lost geuaf > geua
a vowel in the pretonic syllable may be reduced to the obscure vowel – a
sporadic feature in Welsh
*C’langeua > Clyngeua
(3) Calan Mai (= May Day, first day of May) > Clame
(4) caledu (= harden, go hard, make hard) > cledu
(5) caletryd (= hard + ford; either a ford with a firm foundation, or
ford through a strong-flowing stream) > cletryd (Y Gledryd in
place names)
(6) caledwch (= hardness) > cledwch
(7) caletaf (hardest) > cleta
(8) caletir (= hard ground; in place names) > cletir
(9) caletwr (= hard water – i.e., strong-flowing, rushing, violent; in
stream names) > cletwr (in place names)
(10) calonnau (= hearts) > clonna
(11) ceiliagwydd (= gander) > clacwydd
(12) celanedd (= corpses) > bod yn glana chwerthin (= nearly
die laughing)
(13) celwyddau (= lies) > clwyddau (North Wales) > clwdda
(Caernarfon)
(14) celwyddgi (= liar) > clwddgi
(15) Celynnau (= holly
bushes) > Clenna (= place name,
local form)
(16) Celynnog (= holly place) > Clynnog (= place name)
(17) colomen (= dove) > clomen
(18) coluro (= apply make-up) > cluro
(19) cwlwm (= knot; cluster of nuts) > clwm
(20) cyflogi (= to employ, to hire) > clogi
(21) cylymau (knots, clusters) > clyme
2 initial tl
in certain words can become cl ‹kl› in spoken Welsh
(1) tlawd (= poor) > clawd
(2) tlws (= pretty) > clws
(3) Talerddig (= name of a village
in Powys) > T’lerddig > Clerddig
:_______________________________.
clacson ‹klAk-son› masculine noun
PLURAL clacsonau ‹klak-sô-ne›
1 klaxon = electric horn, especially of a car
canu’r clacson sound the claxon
ETYMOLOGY: English claxon, from
the name of a company
:_______________________________.
cladd, claddau
‹KLAADH, KLAA-dau,- e› (m)
1 hole in the ground
2 trench, ditch
3 potato clamp, potato pit = hole in the ground for storing potatoes
cladd tatws potato clamp
NOTE: [ Olde
Cheshire Dialecte. http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm
bury : a potato heap ]
In A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady: to which
is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837: such a clamp is
described, under the local name of “CAVE OF POTATOES” as “a pit of potatoes
earthed up and thatched over for the winter”.
4 pool where fish spawn in a river
5 spawn of fish
6 (South Wales) angladd funeral
(an intensifying prefix) + soft
mutation + (cladd = burial)
(::b)ETYMOLOGY: Welsh cladd < British *klad- < Celtic
From the same British root: Breton klaz
From the same Celtic root: Irish cladh = (ditch)
:_______________________________.
claddfa,
claddféydd ‹KLADH-va, kladh-VEIDH› (feminine noun)
1 graveyard, cemetery
y gladdfa = the graveyard
:_______________________________.
claddu ‹KLAA-dhi› (verb)
1 to bury
2 Gadwch i ni ei chladdu hi
Let’s forget about the matter, Let’s drop it, Let byegones be byegones, Let’s
bury the hatchet (“let’s bury it”)
3
claddu dan yr hen drefn eat heartily
(“bury under / according to the old system”)
4 claddu asgwrn y gynnen bury the hatchet, make one’s peace (“bury the
bone of contention / “(the) bone (of) the dispute”)
:_______________________________.
claddwr ‹KLAA-dhur›
PLURAL claddwyr ‹klAdh-wir›
1 burier
Eseciel 39:15 A’r tramwywyr, a gyniweiriant trwy y tir, pan welo un asgwrn
dyn, efe a gyfyd nod wrtho, hyd oni chladdo y claddwyr ef yn nyffryn Hamon-gog.
Ezekiel 39:15 And the passengers that pass through the land, when any seeth a man's
bone, then shall he set up a sign by it, till the buriers have buried it in the
valley of Hamongog.
2 person with a hearty appetite
Mae’n gladdwr He has a hearty appetite, He has a good appetite
ETYMOLOGY: (cladd- = stem of claddu
= to bury) + (-i-ad abstract noun-forming suffix) + (-wr suffix =
man)
:_______________________________.
Claerwen ‹KLAIR-wen›
1 river in Elenydd (highland area in
central Wales)
2 Llyn Claerwen Claerwen Reservoir
“(the) lake (of) (the) Claerwen (stream / river)”
(delwedd 7042)
3 woman’s name (from the river name) (rare)
:_______________________________.
claf, cleifion
‹KLAAV, KLEIV yon›
1 (adjective) sick
2 (masculine noun) patient
cleifion allanol outpatients
3
gwahanglaf leper = person with
leprosy
(gwahan-
= different, separate ) + soft mutation + (
claf = sick person )
:_______________________________.
clagwydd /
c’lagwydd ‹kla
-guidh› masculine noun
See ceiliagwydd = gander
:_______________________________.
clais ‹klAis› masculine noun
PLURAL cleisiau, cleisau ‹kleis-ye, klei-se / -she ›
1 bruise
tan eich cleisiau bruised, black and blue
bod yn gleisiau a chlwyfau be (all) cut and bruised (“be bruises and
wounds”)
rhoi rhywun tan ei gleisiau / rhoi rhywun dan ei gleisiau beat (someone)
black and blue
cyraeddasom i waelod y cwm heb fawr o niwed mwy nac ambell glais yma ac
acw
we reached the bottom of the valley relatively unscathed apart from a
couple of bruise here and there
2 (South Wales) ditch
Clywais ŵr o Forgannwg wrth bregethu yn y Gogledd, yn dweyd, “Codi dyn
o'r clais;” ond nid oedd neb yn ei ddeall (tudalen 240 Seren Gomer 19 1898)
I heard a man from Morgannwg (= former county in the south, ‘Glamorgan’) when
preaching in the North, saying, “to raise a man from the “clais” (ditch)”) but
nobody understood him (“nobody was understanding him”)
clais clawdd roadside ditch, bottom of
the hedgebank
yng nghlais y clawdd at the bottom of the hedgebank, in the ditch
cysgu yng nghlais y clawdd sleep in the ditch, sleep out under the
stars, sleep rough (“sleep in the ditch of the hedgebank”)
3 rivulet, small stream
ETYMOLOGY: From a Celtic element *klad-
(= hit, break, fall), seen also in claddu (= to dig), clawdd (=
hedgebank).
Irish has the related form clais (= water channel, ditch; trench,
furrow; rut, groove)
:_______________________________.
Clamai / C’lamai
‹kla-mai› masculine
noun
See Calan Mai = the first of May
ETYMOLOGY: Calan Mai / Calanmái >
Cala-mái > Cla-mái > Clá-mai
(accent shift)
:_______________________________.
Clanmai /
C’lanmai ‹klan-mai› masculine
noun
See Calan Mai = the first of May
ETYMOLOGY: Calan Mai / Calanmái >
Clan-mái > Clán-mai (accent shift)
:_______________________________.
Clanme / C’lame ‹kla-me› masculine
noun
See Calan Mai = the first of May
ETYMOLOGY: Calan Mai / Calanmái >
Cala-mái > Cla-mái > Clá-mai
(accent shift) > Calme
(colloquial reduction of final diphthong “ai” > vowel “e”)
:_______________________________.
..1 clap ‹clap
›
PLURAL clapiau
‹klap -ye›
1 (sound) clack, bang
clo clap padlock
2 bang = noise of a slamming door
cau’r drws yn glap bang a door shut,
close a door with a bang, slam the door shut
3 (North Wales)
cath glap (1) the game of tipcat (2)
the cat used in this game (cath =
cat, clap = noise of striking)
4 (flour mill) clack = device which strikes the hopper and causes it
to move to and fro
fel clap melin / fel clap y felin (said of a talkative
person) “like the clack of a mill”
5 claps tittle-tattle,
gossip
hela claps to gossip
6 gossip, person who engages in tittle-tattle, tell-tale
clapgi gossip (man)
clapgast or clapiast gossip (woman)
clap a chleber tales and gossip,
gossip and hearsay
clap a chelwydd gossip and lies
7 lump, round object
clap siwgr sugar lump
clap rhew / clap iâ ice cube
clap glo lump of coal
clap o lo lump of coal
mân glapiau small lumps (of coal,
etc)
malu glo mân yn glapiau try to do
the impossible (“break small lumps of coal into big lumps”)
8 (of a bell) clapper, tongue
9
clap = a single clap of the hands
rhoi clap ar eich dwylo clap your
hands together (in expectation) (“give a clap on your hands”)
10 clap = applause
cymryd clap (actor at the end of a
performance) take a bow
11 clap = a light blow
clap ar y cefn a clap on the back (a
sign of congratulation)
ETYMOLOGY: English clap (= loud
abrupt sound) < Old English claeppan.
Of imitative origin.
Cf German der Klapper (= child’s
rattle), klappern (= to rattle)
NOTE: Plural form in southern Welsh: clapau
(minus the initial ‘i’ of the final syllale) > clape.
A diminutive form is clepyn (= lump,
small lump)
:_______________________________.
..2 clap ‹klap
› masculine noun
1 y clap the clap,
gonorrhoea
ETYMOLOGY: English clap < Old
French clapoir (= sore caused by
gonorrhea) < clapier (= brothel)
< Occitan clapičr (= brothel)
< clap (= pile of stones)
:_______________________________.
clapgast ‹klap
-gast› masculine noun
PLURAL clapgeist
‹klap -geist›
1
gossip = person who gossips, blabbermouth = one who reveals
a secret
NOTA: clapiast, PLURAL clapieist, variant of clapgast (= gossip)
ETYMOLOGY: (mil = animal) + soft
mutation + (gast = bitch) > clapiast
The lack of soft mutation in clapgast is
possibly in fact the restoration of the radical form
Thus clapiast > clapgast
If it were a regular compound word, it would be *clapast
Cf pennardd and peniardd (in place names, promontory)
The consonant g when soft-mutated
has become semivowel i
NOTE: Cf miliast greyhound bitch,
which has an alternative form with no soft mutation of the initial g - milgast
:_______________________________.
clapgi ‹klap
-gi› masculine noun
PLURAL clapgwn
‹klap -gun›
1
gossip = person who gossips
clapgast / clapiast : a woman who is
a gossip (clap = gossip)
NOTE: [ Olde
Cheshire Dialecte. http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm
clap-tongue : a gossip, tale-teller, chatterbox ]
:_______________________________.
clapiog ‹KLAP
yog› (adjective)
1 lumpy
2 mewn Cymraeg clapiog in broken Welsh
(= “in lumpy Welsh”)
:_______________________________.
Clarach ‹KLAA-rakh› (feminine noun)
1 village (North-west)
:_______________________________.
clarinét,
clarinetau ‹kla ri NET, kla ri NE te› (masculine noun)
1 clarinet
:_______________________________.
clŕs ‹KLAS› (masculine noun)
1 (colloquial) class (in standard Welsh, ‘dosbarth’)
:_______________________________.
clas ‹klaas
› masculine noun
PLURAL clasau
‹kla -se›
1 “monastica classis”,
monastic community, monastery, monastic settlement
2 cloister
3 church
4
place names:
..1/ Clas ar Wy village in Powys
..2/ Y Clas (part of the old parish
of Llangyfelach, in the county of Abertawe)
This is “Clase” ‹kleiz› in English, though one would expect “Clace” ‹kleis›. (with ‘s’), though it has probably
fallen in with words spelt with ‘s’ but pronounced ‘z’ in English (phase)
though such words usually have the spelling ‘z’ (haze, amaze, blaze, glaze),
rather than those which have retained ‘s’ (base) though such words usually have
the spelling ‘c’ (space, trace, mace, place, pace)
The vowel change is aa > ei which occured in the 1400s in English (as in late ‹laat› > ‹leit›, tame
‹taam›
> ‹teim›,
face ‹faas› > ‹feis›, etc)
There is a district marked on English maps as “Clase” in Llangyfelach, north of
Mynydd-garn-llwyd
There is “Clase Drive” in Y Clas in Llangyfelach (translated, the Welsh name
would be Lôn y Clas or something
similar); and ‘Claze Road ‘in Treforus (translated, the Welsh name would be Heol y Clas).
In Llangyfelach there is also a ‘Clasemont Road’ (apparently “Clase” + English
“mont” = hill, used in coining idyllic names in the nineteenth and twentieth
centuries, on the pattern of genuine names taken from French such as “Beaumont”
(beau = beautiful), “Claremont” (clair = bright), and perhaps the less genuine
“Verdmont” in Bermuda (verd = green), and “Vermont” in the USA.
In Vermont Genealogy, Journal of the Vermont French-Canadian Genealogical
Association, I,1 (Spring 1996), Joseph-André Senecal states:
Vermont is not in any
historical way, connected with the French presence in the Green Mountain state
before 1760...
The first documented use of the word “Vermont” is dated April 11, 1777. On that
day, in Philadelphia, Thomas Young had a broadside printed and addressed “To
the Inhabitants of Vermont, a Free and Independent State.”...
All evidence points to Young as the originator of the word “Vermont,” a
translation of the English Green Mountains. In concert with the Allen brothers,
Young's purpose was probably to honor, in a thinly disguised manner, the
bombastic Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain Boys....
In French mont is much older
than montagne. The word is
documented as early as 1080 and figures prominently in the epic Song of Roland, However, by the late 1700s, the word had
clearly lost out to montagne. This has remained true to this day.
Except for writing poetry and geographic naming (such as Outremont) we seldom
call upon the word mont in modern French.
Even in 1777, at the time when Vermont was coined, mont was an archaic word. However, its use in
place naming was well established and carried an aura of antiquity and
nobility.
..3/ Clasgarmon in Saint Harmon
(county of Powys) (“monastery of Harmon”)
5 Clas Myrddin a supposed
early name of Britain
In a manuscript from the century 1300-1400:
Kyntaf enw a uu ar yr ynys honn... clas
myrdin
= (in modern Welsh spelling) Cyntaf enw a fu ar yr ynys hon... Clas
Myrddin
The first name of this island (“which was on this island”) – Clas Myrddin
“The cloister of Myrddin”
6 clastir glebeland
7
In modern street names, as an equivalent of English close
Clas Ael-y-bryn, Ynys-y-bwl (county
of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
Clas Dyfrig, Caer-dydd (county of
Caer-dydd)
Clas Gabriel, Caer-dydd (county of
Caer-dydd)
Clas Gwernifor, Aberpennar (county
of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
Clas Ifor, Caer-dydd (county of
Caer-dydd)
Clas Illtyd, Caer-dydd (county of
Caer-dydd)
Clas Isan, Caer-dydd (county of
Caer-dydd)
Clas Odyn, Caer-dydd (county of
Caer-dydd)
Clas Teilo, Caer-dydd (county of
Caer-dydd)
Clas Tynewydd, Caer-dydd (county of
Caer-dydd)
Clas Tyn-y-cae, Caer-dydd (county of
Caer-dydd)
Clas Tŷ-wern, Caer-dydd (county
of Caer-dydd)
Clas y Dderwen, Aberpennar (county
of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (as “Clas y Dderwen”)
Clas Yorath, Caer-dydd (county of
Caer-dydd)
Clas yr Onnen, Waunarlwydd (county
of Abertawe) (as “Clas yr Onnen”)
Clas y Bedw, Waunarlwydd (county of
Abertawe) (as “Clas y Bedw”)
Clas y Deri, Waunarlwydd (county of Abertawe) (as “Clas y Deri”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin class-is
(= army, class)
:_______________________________.
Clas ar Wy ‹klaas ar ui
›
1 (SO1739) locality in the district of Maesyfed (county of Powys)
English name: Glasbury
2 a parish at this place
ETYMOLOGY: “the place called ‘Clas’ on the river Gwy”
(clas) + (ar = on; on the banks of) + soft mutation + (Gwy = river name; English “Wye”).
Clas means “monastic settlement”
:_______________________________.
clasur ‹kla
-sir› masculine noun
PLURAL clasuron ‹kla-sî-ron›
1 classic = one of the
standard works of Roman or ancient Greek literature
2 Y Clasuron, Classics =
subject of study in a university - the literature of the Romans and ancient
Greeks
3 classic = a work of the greatest quality in literature or art
Bellach y mae’r emyn “O Fab y Dyn,
Eneiniog Duw” yn glasur
Now the hymn “O son of Man, God’s Anointed One” is a classic
ETYMOLOGY: word coined in 1850 (clas-
= first syllable of the English word classic)
and the final syllable (-ur) of the
words awdur (= author), doethur (= doctor).
The word classic < Latin classicus of the first order / rank
< classus (= division, rank, class)
:_______________________________.
clasurol ‹kla-SII-rol› (adjective)
1 classical
ffug-glasurol pseudo-classical
:_______________________________.
clatsh ‹KLACH›
1 clo clatsh (North Wales) padlock
:_______________________________.
clawdd ‹klaudh› masculine
noun
PLURAL cloddiau,
cloddion ‹klodh-ye,
-yon›
1 ditch
Luc 6:39 Ac ef a ddywedodd ddameg
wrthynt: a ddichon y dall dywyso’r dall? oni syrthiant ill dau yn y clawdd?
Luke 6:39 And he spake a parable unto them, Can the blind lead the blind? shall
they not both fall into the ditch?
(business) mynd i’r clawdd, fail, be
unsuccessful, go to the wall (“go into the ditch”)
2
obsolete earth thrown up from digging
a hole
3 dyke, earth wall, wall
clawdd yr ardd garden wall;
hedgebank around a garden
clawdd cerrig stone wall = stone
field bank
…codi clawdd cerrig o gwmpas (rhywbeth) build a stone wall around
(something)
clawdd moel wall made of sods
(literally “bare wall”)
clawdd pridd earthern wall, earthern
bank (around a field)
4 hedgebank; earthern bank with a hedge planted on top (especially
hawthorn)
y tu clytaf i’r clawdd on the
sheltered side of the hedgebank
eistedd ar y clawdd, eistedd ar ben y clawdd sit on the
fence - not favour either of two options, remain undecided (“sit on the wall /
hedgebank”)
Mae’r mwyar duon gorau bob tro ar yr ochr arall i’r clawdd the grass
is always greener on the other side of the fence (“the best blackberries are
always on the other side of the hedge”)
Gorau cymydog, clawdd (“the best
neighbour is a hedgebank / a wall”) a hedgebank or wall prevents excessive
interaction with neighbours, allows privacy
5
hedge (made of plants such as hawthorn)
clawdd gwrych thorn hedge
clawdd drain thorn hedge
Diarhebion 15:19 Ffordd y diog sydd fel
cae drain; ond ffordd yr uniawn sydd wastad.
Proverbs 15:19 The way of the sŷhful man is as an hedge of thorns: but the
way of the righteous is made plain.
6 demarcation ditch and bank;
clawdd terfyn = boundary ditch / wall
/ bank / fence
See Clawdd Offa (a boundary ditch
between Wales and England),
Clawdd Wat Wat’s Dyke A 40 mile-long earthwork between Abaty Dinas Basing
/ Basing werk Abbey to Maesbury in Shropshire, running more or less parallel to
Clawdd Offa, at times alomost contiguous and at others up to three milers
distant
See Caron Uwch Clawdd (district in
the county of Ceredigion = ‘Caron above (the) ditch’)
7 stopbank, levee, embankment; riverside dyke preventing floods
8 barrage
in a river estuary
Mae’r adarwyr wedi condemnio’r cynllun i
adeiladu clawdd ar draws aber yr afon Gonwy
The ornithologists have condemned the plan to build a barrage across the Conwy
estuary
Also: morglawdd (môr = sea) + soft mutation + (clawdd = barrage)
9
(obsolete) mine, pit; quarry
but in this sense especially in derived words:
cloddfa quarry, mine (clawdd = mine, ditch, diggings) + (-fa suffix = place)
mwnglawdd mine (clawdd = mineral, ore) + soft mutation + (clawdd = mine, ditch, diggings)
also: mwynglawdd
10
taflu i’r clawdd throw away, to
dump, to ditch, throw out of the window (“throw into the ditch”)
Er mwyn ymddangos yn fwy Seisnig mae ein
plaid genedlaethol wedi taflu’r iaith Gymraeg i’r clawdd
In order to appear more English our national party has thrown the Welsh
language out of the window
11 gweirglodd (= hay
meadow) < gweirglawdd (gweir, penult form of gwair = grass, hay) + soft mutation + (clawdd = hedge; place enclosed by a
hedge)
12 rampart
dringo dros glawdd y ffos (trench
warfare) go over the top, climb out of the trench and go over the defensive
rampart
13 cysgu fel y clawdd
sleep like a top (“sleep like a hedgebank”)
cysgu yng nghlais y clawdd sleep in
the ditch, sleep out under the stars, sleep rough (“sleep in the ditch of the
hedgebank”)
14 llwyd y clawdd
(Prunella modularis) hedge accentor, hedge sparrow (“grey (bird) (of) the
hedgebank”)
15 at the bottom of the hedgebank
ym môn y clawdd (bôn = stump, trunk, base, bottom)
yng nghlais y clawdd (clais = ditch)
yn nhin y clawdd (tin = arse)
South Wales ym mola’r clawdd (bola =
belly)
16 North Wales (area of
Penllyn, and the valley of the river Clwyd, north-west Wales) hedgebank
17 arglawdd railway
embankment or canal embankment
arglawdd y rheilffordd the railway
embankment
arglawdd y gamlas the canal
embankment
18 gwrthglawdd rampart,
embankement surrounding a fort
19 cloddio to dig, to
excavate (from an underlying “cláwdd-io”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *klâd-
From the same British root: Cornish kledh
(= ditch, bank), Breton kleuz (=
ditch, bank)
From the same Celtic root: Irish cladh
(literary) ditch, trench
NOTE: In the dialects, there is a variety of words to indicate a hedgebank
(1) In the South-west, clawdd is the
usual designation.
(2) In the South-east, perth is the
usual description.
(3) In mid-Wales, shetin is used,
and
(4) in the North the usual term is gwrychen
:_______________________________.
Clawdd Offa ‹klaudh o-fa›
1 An almost continuous
ditch which goes from Prestatyn in the north of our country to the river Gwy
(Wye) by Trefynwy (Monmouth) in the south.
It was constructed in the eighth century, according to tradition on the order
of Offa, king of Mercia (reigned 38 or 39 years, 757-796 A.D.) to indicate the
boundary between his kingdom (originally Welsh land, the eastern part of Powys,
which had been conquered and settled by the Anglians) and the remaining lands
of the Welsh.
Over 1200 years later the ditch still exists, and it is still known as ‘Clawdd
Offa’, (“(the) ditch (of) Offa”), and in English Offa’s Dyke
2 (in some expressions) the boundary between England and Wales.
Nowadays it no longer marks the exact border – part lies within Wales and part
is in England.
mynd dros Glawdd Offa = go to
England (‘go over Offa’s Dyke’)
byw y tu draw i Glawdd Offa = live
in England (‘live beyond Offa’s Dyke’)
Nid am y tro cyntaf y mae dyn papur
newydd o’r tu draw i Glawdd Offa
wedi sathru ar gyrn y Cymry
Not for the first time a newspaperman from England (‘from beyond Offa’s Dyke’)
has offended the Welsh (`has trodden on the corns / bunions of the Welsh’) .
Trefyclo (qv) SO2872 ‹tre-və-klo› Village in the county of Powys on the frontier
with England.
This, the official Welsh name for the village, is in origin a colloquial
reduction with a shift of accent of Tref-y-clawdd
‹trev-ə-klaudh› (“(the) tręv / farmstead (of) the dyke”).
This latter form is also in use. The English name is “Knighton”.
Tref-y-cláwdd > Tref-y-cláw’ > Trefýclaw > Trefýclo
3
Clawddoffa street name in Rhosllannerchrugog
(county of Wrecsam) (on street maps as ‘Clawdd Offa’)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘the ditch / dyke of Offa’ (clawdd
= ditch / dyke) + (Offa).
:_______________________________.
clawr, cloriau
‹KLAUR, KLOR ye› (masculine noun)
1 cover; lid
2 clawr llygad eyelid
- clawr caled ‹klaur
KA led› (masculine noun)
hard cover (of a book)
- clawr gwyddbwyll ‹klaur
GUIDH builh› (masculine noun)
chess board
- clawr meddal ‹klaur
ME dhal› (masculine noun)
soft cover (of a book)
:_______________________________.
cleber, clebrod
‹KLEE-ber, KLE brod› (feminine noun)
1 chat, chatting, gossip
y gleber = the gossip, the chatting
2 clap a chleber tales
and gossip, gossip and hearsay
:_______________________________.
clec, cleciau /
clecs ‹KLEK, KLEK-yai, -ye, KLEKS› (feminine noun)
1 sharp sound (click, clack, click-clack, snap, bang, crash)
y glec the bang
clywais glec ’i gansan o ar y drws I heard the clack of his cane on the
door
coes glec wooden leg (“leg (of) click-clack” – from the noise of such a leg
against a hard surface)
sẁs glec, swsys clec a smacker, a
smacker of a kiss, a smackeroo of a kiss, a smacking kiss, a noisy
kiss (“kiss (of) (a) clicking sound”)
rhoi sẁs glec i rywun give
somebody a noisy kiss
helygen glec (helyg clec) (Salix fragilis var.
fragilis) crack willow (“willow (of) crack /(of) snapping sound”) See: helygen frau (helyg brau) (“brittle
willow”)
clo clec padlock
2 a clap of thunder,
thunderclap; bang of an explosion
clec taran a clap of thunder,
thunderclap
clec tanchwa the bang of an explosion
clec y danchwa the bang of the explosion
y ffrwydron yn tanio efo clec the detonators going off with a bang
clec fawr a big bang
3 gunshot
clec gwn gunshot
Dyna glec gwn A shot rang out, there was the sound of a gunshot
(“See-there (the) bang (of a) gun”)
4 the sound of cynghannedf (consonance in poetry)
5 rhoi clec i ferch make a girl pregnant, get a girl into trouble,
6 smack
cael clec gan rywun get a smack from someone, get
smacked by someone
7 tale, a piece of gossip; clecs tales, gossip
Paid â holi clecs don’t ask me to tell ysles about people,
don’t ask me to tell you that, don’t ask me to gossip about that
clec yn dechrau
cerdded a piece of gossip
beginning to make its rounds
gwrando clecs to listen to gossip
cario clecs go around gossiping
(South-east Wales) pen
y glec “(the) top (of) the chat” place (bridge, street corner, etc) where
people come together to chat after work or after a chapel service
Pont y Glec “(the) bridge (of) the chat” – a name given to the
bridge called Pont ar Daf north of Cefn-coed y Cymer, now under the waters of
the Llwyn-On reservoir, (except in times of drought, when the water level is
low, and the remains of it reemerge)
NOTE: Used in Cambrian
English (the form of English with influences from the Welsh language once a
second language but nowadays used by non-Welsh speakers brought up in Wales) –
“Please don't clec on me!” (= Please don't reveal my secret!)
Example from ‘The Valley Phrasebook’ from a website dedicated to Cwm Sirhywi.
(http://www.geocities.com/jenks436)
8 (North Wales) yn glec suddenly
darfod yn glec come to a sudden end
9 (North Wales) yn glec with a snap, with a bang
torri'n glec to snap, break with a snapping sound
cau'n glec close with a bang
10 di-glec silently = without a clicking noise or without a retort
(di- privative prefix) + soft mutation + (clec = bang)
Taniodd y pistol yn ddi-gle The pistol fired without a sound
11 clec ar fawd a click of the fingers (“click on thumb”)
rhoi clec ar fawd to click one’s fingers
ETYMOLOGY: English clack (= a sharp noise)
NOTE: (1) [
Olde Cheshire Dialecte. http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm
clack : to snap the fingers, to crack a whip ]
:_______________________________.
clecian ‹KLEK-yan› (verb)
1 (vt) to click
clecian eich sodlau to click your heels
2 (vi) (teeth) chatter (from the cold)
:_______________________________.
..1 cledd ‹kleedh› masculine
noun
1 (obsolete) left side.
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *kli-iâ
< *klei (= to bend)
From the same British root: Cornish kledh
(= left), a-gledh (= on the left),
Breton kleiz (= left)
In the Hibernian languages, equivalents of cledd,
from the same Celtic root, are:
Irish clé (= left hand),
Scottish Gaelic clě (= left-handed)
NOTE: cledd survives in modern Welsh
in the word gogledd (= north)
This is (go-, gwo- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (cledd = left hand).
The north was on a person's left when he / she looked east, in the direction of
the rising sun.
From the same British root as gogledd: Breton gwalez (= north wind).
:_______________________________.
..2 cledd ‹kleedh› masculine
noun
PLURAL cleddyfau
‹kle- dhə
-ve›
1 (literary Welsh,
especially in poetry) sword.
ceidwad y cledd (Eisteddfod)
sword-bearer
2 cledd is also used in
some compound words
cleddbysgodyn swordfish (pysgodyn cleddyf is a less literary name)
crymgledd scimitar (cleddyf pengam is a less literary name)
ETYMOLOGY: probably shortened from cleddyf
(= sword)
NOTE: In colloquial Welsh, the usual word for “sword” is cleddau (spoken as cledde),
and also cleddyf (spoken as cleddy)
:_______________________________.
cleddyf,
cleddyfau ‹KLEE dhiv, kle DHƏƏ ve› (masculine noun)
1 sword
blaen cleddyf tip of a sword
2 cleddyf deufin
two-edged sword
3 rhoi’ch cleddyf trwy rywun put your sword through someone, wound
or kill someone with a sword
4
cleddyf Dámocles the sword of
Damocles, a constant danger (As related by Cicero, Dionysius the Elder, ruler
of Syracuse wishing to show his sycophantic courtier Damocles that his power
and wealth were not to be envied, since they placed him under constant threat.
To give him a sense of the precariousness of his position, he sat his courtier
at a banquet under a sword suspended from the ceiling by a single hair.
pobl oeddynt â'r cleddyf megis yn
hongian uwch eu pennau wrth edef deneu iawn
Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (= Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910)
They were people with a sword (“the sword”) as it were hanging over them on a
very thin thread
:_______________________________.
cledr ‹cle-der› feminine
noun
PLURAL cledrau
‹cle -dre›
NOTE: Also the diminutive form cledren
(cledr + diminutive suffix -en), plural cledrennau, cledrenni
1 (obsloete) stave, pole
y gledr = the stave
2 (obsolete) boundary marker
3 rail (of railway)
cledrffordd (obsolete) railway (now rheilffordd)
tręn un gledren monorail
gosod cledrau tracklaying,
platelaying
peiriant gosod cledrau tracklaying
machine, tracklayer
codi’r cledrau remove the rails
Rhedai’r tręn bach ar gledrau deunaw
modfedd eu lled
The train ran on a eighteen-inch gauge track (“on rails eighteen inches their
width”)
4 palm (of the hand)
cledr y llaw / cledren y llaw the palm of the hand
yr wyf fi’n gyfarwydd â nhw fel cledr fy
llaw
I know them like the back of my hand
yng nghledr ei law in his palm
Brenhinoedd-1 18:44 A’r seithfed waith y
dywedodd efe, Wele gwmwl bychan fel cledr llaw gŵr yn dyrchafu o’r môr
Kings-1 18:44 And it came to pass at the seventh time, that he said, Behold,
there ariseth a little cloud out of the sea, like a man’s hand.
Samuel-1 5:4 Codasant hefyd yn fore
drannoeth; ac wele Dagon wedi syrthio i lawr ar ei wyneb, gerbron arch yr
Agrglwydd; a phen Dagon, a dwy gledr ei ddwylo, oedd wedi torri ar y trothwy;
corff Dagon yn unig a adawyd iddo ef.
Samuel-1 5:4 And when they arose early on the morrow morning, behold, Dagon was
fallen upon his face to the ground before the ark of the LORD; and the head of
Dagon and both the palms of his hands were cut off upon the threshold; only the
stump of Dagon was left to him.
5 (South Wales) cledren =
punch, blow
cledro = to beat, to hit, to batter
cledrad (< cledriad) = beating,
hiding, battering
cledrwr = person who is prone to hit
or beat others
6
(heraldry) pale = vertical stripe in the middle of a shield, usually about
one-third of the shield’s width
ETYMOLOGY: In other Celtic languages:
..a/ Breton kler / kleren (= one of the sticks of a
wattle) < klezr / klezrenn;
..b/ Irish cliothar (literary word) (= shelter)
:_______________________________.
cledren ‹kle
-dren› feminine noun
1 rail; See cledr
y gledren = the rail
:_______________________________.
Cledwyn ‹kled–win›
1 male forename (rare)
2 Llanglydwen ‹lhan GLƏD-wen›
SN1826 village name, Caerfyrddin
Samuel Lewis, 1844, A Topographical Dictionary of Wales:
“LLANGLYDWEN
(LLAN-GLEDWYN), a parish, in the union of NARBERTH… The church, dedicated to
St. Cledwyn, is a small neat edifice
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN1826
map, llun / map, photo
ETYMOLOGY: Unknown
:_______________________________.
Cleidach
1 (Sir Frycheiniog / Breconshire, eastern Sir Caerfyrddin /
Carmarthenshire) stream name. See Clydach
:_______________________________.
cleien ‹klei-en› feminine
noun
South Wales
1 clayey soil
y gleien = the clayey soil
Heol Gleien (= heol y gleien, ?the
street of the clayey soil) street in Cwm-twrch Isaf (county of Powys)
2 lump of clay
ETYMOLOGY: (clei-, penult form of clai = clay) + (-en, suffix to form singular nouns from collective nouns)
:_______________________________.
clefyd, clefydau
‹KLĘ vid, kleVƏ de› (masculine noun)
1 illness, complaint, malady
y clefyd coch diphtheria (“the red illness”)
clefyd llwch y garreg = pneumoconiosis (“(the) illness (of) the stone”)
:_______________________________.
cleilyd ‹klei
-lid› adjective
1 clayey
Daniel 2:41 A lle y gwelaist y traed a'r
bysedd, peth ohonynt o bridd crochenydd, a pheth ohonynt o haearn, brenhiniaeth
ranedig fydd; a bydd ynddi beth o gryfder haearn, oherwydd gweled ohonot haearn
wedi ei gymysgu â phridd cleilyd.
Daniel 2:41 And whereas thou sawest the feet and toes, part of potters' clay,
and part of iron, the kingdom shall be divided; but there shall be in it of the
strength of the iron, forasmuch as thou sawest the iron mixed with miry clay
ETYMOLOGY: (clei, penult form of clai = clay) + (-lyd suffix for forming adjectives, = ‘full’)
:_______________________________.
clemio ‹KLEM
yo› (verb)
1 to starve, be very hungry
:_______________________________.
clerc, clercod ‹KLERK,
KLER kod› (masculine noun)
1 clerk
:_______________________________.
Clerddig ‹kler
-dhig›
1 a local pronunciation
of the place name Talerddig
(district of Maldwyn, county of Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: Clerddig < T’lerddig <
Talerddig
Cf the change tl < cl in the
colloquial forms
..a/ clawd < tlawd (= poor),
..b/ clws < tlws (= pretty)
:_______________________________.
cleren, clęr ‹KLEE
ren, KLEER› (feminine noun)
1 fly
y gleren the fly
2
Cleren o'r domen sy'n hedfan ucha “a
fly from the dung heap flies highest” (said of someone of lowly beginnings who
rises to a very prominent position, possibly from striving to get as far away
as possible from his-her lowly origin)
3 gelyn y clęr bladder campion
Gelyn-y-clęr (street name in Y Barri, Bro Morgannwg)
(delwedd 7906)
“(the) enemy (of) the flies”
(gelyn = enemy) + (y = the) + (clęr = flies)
“Evolutionary biology of metal resistance in Silene vulgaris” / Ernst, W.
H. O.; Schat, H.; Verkleij, J. A. C. / Evolutionary Trends in Plants 1990 Vol.
4 No. 1 pp. 45-51 / Abstract: Using S. vulgaris as a specific example,
possible mechanisms of heavy metal (Cu, Cd, Zn) resistance in higher plants are
discussed, especially with reference to the adaptive significance and the
mutual relations of resistance-dependent changes at the level of the cell, the
whole plant and the population. The high concentration of metals in the leaves
and stems of plants growing on metalliferous sites protects them from insects
and other herbivores, except for seed predators, as the seeds are excluded from
metal accumulation....
:_______________________________.
cleren ‹KLEE
ren› (feminine noun)
1 (South Wales) slap, box on the ears
ETYMOLOGY: Probably cleren < clebren
:_______________________________.
Cletwr ‹KLE
tur› (feminine noun)
1 SO0942 name of a river by Erwyd (Powys)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=218185
Erwyd
The river Clettwr rushes over rocks and through craggy places until it falls
into the Wye at Erwood.
The Place-Names of Wales. / Thomas Morgan (Skewen) / 1912
ETYMOLOGY: caletwr (= hard water – i.e., strong-flowing,
rushing, violent) > c’letwr > cletwr
NOTE: An (incorrect) spelling used on English-language maps is Clettwr
See Caletwr
:_______________________________.
Clic y Bont ‹klik ə bont› feminine noun
1 (“(the) clique / crowd (of) the bridge / (of) Pont-y-pridd”) a
group of poets and musicians from the town and the surrounding area in the
second half of the 1800s.
Amongst their number were
Brynfab (Thomas Williams, 1848-1927)
Carnelian (Coslett Coslett, 1834-1910)
Dewi Haran (David Evans, 1812-1885),
Dewi Wyn o Esyllt ‹DEU-i win oo E-silht› (Thomas Essile Davies, 1820-1891)
Glanffrwd (William Thomas, 1843-1890),
Myfyr Morganwg (Evan Davies, 1801-1888)
:_______________________________.
Clidach
1 (Morgannwg / Glamorganshire) stream name. See Clydach
:_______________________________.
climach ‹KLI-mach› (m)
1 lanky person
Rhyw glimach trwsgl o ddyn Oedd Wil Dafydd Pen-cwm
Wil Dafydd Pen-cwm was an ungainly lanky man
ETYMOLOGY: Possibly Irish gliomach (=
lobster; awkward ungainly person)
:_______________________________.
clinig ‹kli-nig ›
PLURAL clinigau ‹kli-ni-ge›
1 clinic
clinig cyfarwyddo plant child guidance clinc
clinig cyn geni ante-natal clinc
clinig cynllunio teulu family-planning clinc
clinig lles plant child welfare clinc
ETYMOLOGY: English clinic <
Latin clînicus (= person on a sickbed) < Greek klinę (= bed)
:_______________________________.
clip ‹klip› (m)
PLURAL clipiau ‹klip-yai -ye›
(especially North Wales)
1 steep slope, hill
2 precipice
In place names:
a) Clip Coch
John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw), ‘Cardiff Records’, (compiled 1889-1911)
CLIP-COCH (the red declivity.) A dike or embankment, with a declivity on the
west side only; on the right bank of the river Ely, near its mouth, in the
parish of Leckwith.
b) Pen-clip, Penmaen-mawr;
c) Clip y Gylfinir, Rhiw, Dwyfor;
d) Y Clipiau place west of Aberangell, Powys
Pen y Clipiau name of a summit (180m) situated north of Y Clipiau
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH8409
Y Clipiau / Pen y Clipiau
ETYMOLOGY: From English. It seems there was a dialect English word clip
which was a variant of cliff
Cf German, where die Klippe = a cliff
:_______________________________.
CLIPPED
FORMS
The loss of the pretonic syllable of a word in Welsh is a very charcteristic
feature of the language.
……….blaw ‹BLAU› (prep) < heblaw (= besides)
……….Beca ‹BE-ka› (f)
< Rebeca (= Rebecca)
……….does (dim) ‹dois DIM›
(v) < nid oes (= there is
not)
……….fale ‹VAA-le› (pl)
< afalau (= apples)
……….ffyle ‹FƏ-le› (pl)
< ceffylau (= horses)
……….foty ‹VO-ti› (m)
< hafoty (= summer place, sumer dwelling)
……….lla i ddim ‹lha i DHIM›
< alla i ddim < ni allaf i ddim < ni allaf (= I can’t)
……….pasa ‹PA-sa› verb (Meirionnydd, district in the county of
Gwynedd) aphetic form of pwrpasa
(= to intend)
……….pasu ‹PA-si› verb
(Meirionnydd, district in the
county of Gwynedd) aphetic form of pwrpasu
(= to intend)
……….foty ‹VO-ti› (m)
< hafoty (= summer place, sumer dwelling)
……….mofyn, mo’yn ‹MOO-vin, MOIN›
(v) < ymofyn (= to want,
to fetch)
……….sgitshe ‹SKI-che› (pl) < esgidiau (=
shoes)
……….sgubor ‹SKII-bor› (f) < ysgubor (=
farm)
……….sgrifennu ‹sgri-VE-ni› (f) < ysgrifennu (=
to write)
……….sgwrs ‹SGURS› (f) < disgwrs (= conversation, talk, chat) < English discourse
< Late Latin discursus (= conversation) <
Latin discursus (= running around) < discurrere (= to run around), (dis- prefix = apart) + (curro, currere, cucurri, cursum = to run). Indo-European
root: kers-.
The
clipped form would seem to be from an older pronunciation of the noun when it was
accented on the final syllable: discóurse, as the verb still is in
present-day English.
(The clipped form however more likely occurred in English rather than in Welsh:
discourse > scourse > sgwrs)
……….steddwch! ‹STEE-dhukh›
(v) < eisteddwch! (= sit!, take a seat!)
……….tho i ‹THOI›
(prep) < wrtho i < wrthyf fi (= to me, by me, near me)
…………………………………………………………………………….
It occurs too with a tonic vowel in some disyllables
……….co ‹KU›
(adv) < yco (= over there) (South Wales)
……….co ‹KU› (adv) < dyco (= see
over there; that over there is) (South Wales)
……….cw ‹KU› (adv) < acw (= over
there)
……….cw ‹KU› (adv) < dacw (= see
over there; that over there is)
……….ma ‹MA› (adv) < yma (= here)
……….ma ‹MA› (adv) < dyma (= see
here; here is, this is)
……….na ‹NA› (adv) < yna (= there)
……….na ‹NA› (adv) < dyna (= see
there; that is)
:_______________________________.
CLIPPED FORMS IN ENGLISH
Some English clipped forms were taken into Welsh.
Some Welsh words which are borrowings from English are clipped forms which
existed in English but now no longer do so, as the full form has become
standard in English; or exist as colloquial forms alongside the unclipped
standard form
..a/ prentis (from English
prentice): apprentice = person who is learning a trade having agreed to work
for a certain number of years for an employer while learning
ETYMOLOGY: English prentice (in
standard modern English it has reverted to the full form apprentice) < Old French aprentis
< aprendre = to learn < Latin apprehendere = grasp, get hold of, <
ad + pre + hendere.
..b/ sterics (from English sterics):
hysterics
..c/ seilam (from English ’sylum): asylum
The clipped form still occurs in English as a surname PRENTICE
Other English clipped forms remain as such in English
..a/ ffens (= a fence). From English defence (Englandic spelling;
spelt defense in American English).
..a/ sgweier (= squire). From English squire (Middle English squier, from Old French esquier). Exists in
English alongside esquire
:_______________________________.
clip papurau,
clipiau papurau ‹klip pa PI re, KLIP ye pa PI re› (masculine noun)
1 paper clip
ETYMOLOGY: Translation of English ‘paper clip’.
‘clip of papers’ (clip = clip) + (papurau = papers)
:_______________________________.
clir ‹kliir› (adjective)
1 clear
2 gadael ffordd glir
leave a passageway, leave room to get by
3 clir fel crisial
crystal clear
:_______________________________.
Clitach
1 (Morgannwg / Glamorganshire) stream name. See Clydach
:_______________________________.
clítoris ‹kli-to-ris› masculine
noun
PLURAL clitorisau
‹kli-to- ri-se›
1 clitoris
ETYMOLOGY: English clitoris < New
Latin < Greek kleitoris; cf Greek
kleien (= to close)
:_______________________________.
cliw ‹kliu› masculine
noun
PLURAL cliwiau
‹kliu -ye›
1 clue
Dyma gliw bach i ti Here’s a little
clue for you
ETYMOLOGY: English clue (now ‹kluu› but formerly ‹kliu›); < clew (= ball of yarn; roll into a ball) < Old English “cliewen”
(= roll into a ball)
:_______________________________.
clo, cloeon /
cloeau ‹KLOO, KLOI-on, KLOI-ai, -e› (masculine noun)
1 lock
clo clap padlock
clo clwt padlock
clo clec padlock
clo clatsh (North Wales) padlock
(In the English word, pad- is of unknown origin)
clo adlam spring lock
dan glo under lock and key; padlocked
dan glo ac allwedd under lock and key; padlocked
tan glo (North Wales) under lock and key; padlocked
tan glo ac allwedd (North Wales) under lock and key; padlocked
rhoi rhywun dan glo (yn rhyw le) to lock somebody (in somewhere)
fe ddylai hwnnw fod dan glo he (the person being talke about) should be
locked up
saer cloeau (PLURAL: seiri cloeau) locksmith (saer = artisan)
saer cloeon (PLURAL: seiri cloeon) locksmith
gof cloeau (PLURAL: gofaint cloeau) locksmith (gof = smith)
gof cloeon (PLURAL: gofaint cloeon) locksmith
datod clo pick a lock
pigio clo pick a lock
pigwr cloion lockpicker
rhoi clo ar to lock
rhoi clo ar y drws tolock the door
ynghlo (= yn + nasal mutation + clo) locked
bod ynghlo be locked
:_______________________________.
clo ‹KLOO› adj
1
locked
drws clo locked door
2
ynghlo locked
Cafodd fod drws ei gartref ynghlo He
found that the door to his home was locked
(yn = in) + nasal mutation + (clo = locked)
drws ynghlo locked door
ETYMOLOGY: stem of cloi (= to lock)
:_______________________________.
cloc, clociau
‹KLOK, KLOK ye› (masculine noun)
1 clock
2 tŵr cloc clock
tower, tŵr y cloc the clock
tower
3 cloc parcio parking
meter
4 troi’r cloc yn ei ôl
(“turn the clock in its back trail”)
..1/ put the clock back = change the time on a clock (especially to the correct
time if it has gained time)
..2/ put the clock back = change from summer time to daylight-saving time on
the last Sunday in October
..3/ put the clock back = create a situation which resembles how things have
been at a former period
5
yn groes i’r cloc anticlockwise
:_______________________________.
cloch, clychau
‹KLOOKH, KLƏ khe› (masculine noun)
1 bell
canu clychau’r Calan ring in the
New Year
2 bell = doorbell
cloch drws = doorbell; cloch y drws = the doorbell
canu cloch y drws = ring the doorbell
Cana gloch y drws = (imperative) Ring the doorbell
Mae cloch y drws yn canu The doorbell’s ringing
cloch tŷ = doorbell; cloch y tŷ = the doorbell
canu cloch y tŷ = ring the doorbell
cloch rybudd plural clychau rhybudd alarm bell, warning
bell, tocsin
3
flower names:
clychau’r gog (Hyacinthoides
non-scripta) bluebells (“(the) bells (of) the cuckoo”)
clychau’r tylwyth teg (Erinus
alpinus) fairy foxglove (“(the) bells (of) the fairies”)
:_______________________________.
clochdar ‹KLOKH-dar (v)
1 cluck
clochdar y bydd yr iâr a chanu
y bydd y ceiliog
a hen clucks and a cock crows
2 (noun) clucking
clochdar yr iâr the clucking of the hen
3 name of a bird - “clucking (bird), clucker”
clochdar y cerrig stonechat “clucker (of) the stones” (Saxicola
torquata) stonechat.
(wikipedia 2012-10-11) The male's song is high and twittering like a dunnock’s.
Both sexes have a clicking call like stones knocking together.
:_______________________________.
clochdar y
cerrig ‹klokh
–dar ə ke-rig› masculine noun
1 (Ornithology) = stonechat.
An alternative name is crec y garn
There is a street called “Stonechat Close” in Caer-dydd, and another in Y Porth
(county of Rhondda Cynon Taf). The Welsh translation would be “Clos Clochdar y
Cerrig”
ETYMOLOGY: ‘(the) cluck(er) / cackle(r) / chatter(er) (of) the stones’
(clochdar = cluck(er) / cackle(r) /
chatter(er)) + (y = the) + (cerrig = stones, plural of carreg = stone)
(wikipedia 2012-10-11) The male's song is high and twittering like a dunnock’s.
Both sexes have a clicking call like stones knocking together
:_______________________________.
clociwr ‹klok -yur› masculine
noun
PLURAL clocwyr
‹klok -wir›
1 clockmaker, clock
repairer
ETYMOLOGY: “clock-man” (cloc =
clock) + (-i-wr agent suffix)
:_______________________________.
cloc larwm ‹klok
LA rum› (masculine noun)
1 alarm clock
:_______________________________.
clocsio mynd <kloks-yo
MIND> [ˡklɔksjɔ ˡmɪnd] (verb)
1 go quickly
:_______________________________.
clod, clodydd
<KLOOD, KLOO-didh> [kloːd, ˡkloˑdɪđ] (masculine and feminine noun)
1 praise
y clod, y glod = the praise
gyda’r clod uchaf summa cum laude
(“with the highest praise”)
2 fame, renown, respect
(from laudable deeds)
Hwy clod na golud “longer renown [through praiseworthy actions] than
wealth”, a good name will outlive wealth
Motto of Bwrdeistref Rhondda (Borough of Rhondda) 1955-1996
3 Mae’n glod iddo It does him credit (“it
is praise to him”)
4
goreuglod (adjective) of greatest renown
(goreu- penult syllable form of gorau = best) + soft mutation + (clod = renown; praise)
5
canu clodydd rhywun sing
(somebody’s) praises
:_______________________________.
cloddfa,
cloddféydd <KLODH-va, klodh-VEIDH> [ˡklɔđva, klɔđˡvəɪđ] (feminine noun)
1 mine
y gloddfa = the mine
2 cloddfa fflint flint
mine
Cloddfa Aur
Dolaucothi Dolaucothi Gold Mine (county of Caerfyrddin)
ETYMOLOGY:
(“digging place”) (clodd- = stem of the verb cloddio = dig,
excavate) + (-fa suffix = place, from ma = place)
See clofa
below
:_______________________________.
cloddwaith,
cloddweithiau <KLODH-waith, klodh-WEITH-yai, -ye> [ˡklɔđwaɪθ, klɔđˡwəɪθjaɪ, -jɛ] (masculine noun)
1 earthwork
ETYMOLOGY:
(“digging work”) (clodd- = stem of the verb cloddio = dig,
excavate) + soft mutation + (gwaith
= work)
:_______________________________.
cloddio <KLODH-yo> [ˡklɔđjɔ] (verb)
1 to dig
2 dig a ditch, make a hedgebank
cau a chloddio hedging and ditching,
to repair hedges and dig ditches
3
ymgloddio entrench oneself (ym- = reflexive prefix ) + soft
mutation + (cloddio dig a ditch, dig
ditches, entrench)
ETYMOLOGY:
(clodd- = clawdd ditch, dyke) + (-io = verb-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
cloddiwr,
cloddwyr <KLODH-yur, KLODH-wir> [ˡklɔđjʊr, ˡklɔđwɪr] (masculine noun)
1 hedger, dyke-builder
2 (Military) sapper
:_______________________________.
clodfawr ‹KLOD-vaur› [ˈklɔdvaʊr] (adjective)
1 renowned, celebrated, famous
2 worthy, praiseworthy
Cymry a fynnai brofi eu bod nhw'n
aelodau clodfawr o Ymerodraeth y Sais a chystal pob dim â'r Saeson
Welsh people who wanted to prove that they were worthy members of the Empire of
the English and every bit as good as the English
ETYMOLOGY: (“(of) great praise”) (clod = praise) + soft mutation + (mawr
= great)
:_______________________________.
clodrydd ‹KLOD-ridh› [ˈklɔdrɪđ] (adjective)
1 renowned, celebrated, famous
Elystan Glodrydd (died c. 1010) said to be the founder of the fifith
royal tribe of Wales
2 lavish in one’s praise
ETYMOLOGY: (“(of) free praise”) (clod = praise) + soft mutation + (rhydd
= free, liberal, generous)
NOTE: The spelling clodrudd / glodrudd is wrong, as the second element
is not rhudd (= red)
:_______________________________.
clodwiw ‹KLOD-wiu› [ˈklɔdwɪʊ] (adjective)
1 praiseworthy, laudable
ETYMOLOGY: (“(of) fitting praise”) (clod = praise) + soft mutation + (gwiw
= fitting)
NOTE: First noted in William
Owen-Pughe’s dictionary (in parts from 1794 onwards). Probably another
neologism of the lexicographer; one of the few that has been incorporated into
the modern language
See the entry Owen-Pughe, William
:_______________________________.
clofa ‹KLOO-va› [ˈkloˑva ] (nf)
1 (Arfon) a local form of cloddfa
= excavation; quarry, mine
Y Glofa Glai (Dyffryn Nantlle) =
clay pit, clay quarry
Y Glofa Glytiau, Mynydd y Cilgwyn (Dyffryn Nantlle) = ‘slatestone blocks’ quarry (clwt = piece of cloth; piece
of land; small block of slatestone from a larger block for splitting into
slates
ETYMOLOGY: (“(of) fitting praise”) (clod = praise) + soft mutation + (gwiw
= fitting)
:_______________________________.
cloff ‹KLOOF› [kloːf] (adjective)
1 lame
mynd yn gloff go lame
cloffi become lame; limp; fetter, hobble
:_______________________________.
clog ‹KLOOG› [kloːg] (f)
PLURAL clogau
‹KLOO-gai, -ge› [ˈkloˑgaɪ, -ɛ] masculine noun
1 cliff, precipice
Y Glog (qv) hill name SN7974 north of Cwmystwyth
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/450251
The word occurs as in a number of compound forms:
clogwyn cliff, precipice < *clogwwyn < *clogfwyn <
clogfaen
clogfaen boulder
clogfryn cliff
penglog skull
:_______________________________.
clogi / c’logi ‹KLOO-gi› [ˈkloˑgɪ] verb
See cyflogi = to hire, to employ
:_______________________________.
clogyn ‹KLOO-gin› [ˈkloˑgɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL clogynnau
<klo-GƏ-nai,
-e> [klɔˡgənaɪ, -ɛ]
(South Wales)
1 cloak
stori glocyn a chyllell cloak and
dagger story
2 (figurative) shroud, cloak = something that covers
3 clogyn (o rywbeth)
cloak = excuse (for / of something, a poor substitute for, an inferior type
of), something in name only
clogyn o grefydd an excuse of a
religion
ETYMOLOGY: (clog = cloak) + (-yn
diminutive suffix added to nouns);
(Welsh clog < medieval English cloke (in modern English cloak) < Old French cloque <
medieval Latin clocca (= cloak;
bell; from the bell-like shape of the cloak) < Celtic origin.
Cf Welsh cloch (= bell)
NOTE: South-east Wales clocyn
In south-east Wales the voiced consonants <b-d-g> [bdg] become unvoiced > <p-t-k> [ptk]
:_______________________________.
cloi ‹KLOI
› [klɔɪ] (v)
1 to lock
cloi rhywun mewn ystafell lock somebody in a room
cloi rhywun mewn cell lock somebody in a cell
cloi rhywun allan lock somebody out
bod wedi’ch cloi i mewn be locked in
bod wedi’ch cloi allan be locked out
nyten gloi (PLURAL: nytiau cloi) lock-nut
:_______________________________.
Cloidach
1 (western Sir Caerfyrddin / Carmarthenshire, Sir Benfro / Pembrokeshire)
stream name. See Clydach
:_______________________________.
clom ‹klom
› [klɔm] masculine noun
county of Preseli, and the adjoining zone of Godre Ceredigion (= Lower
Ceredigion)
1 cob = a mixture of earth / clay and straw (for tensile strength)
to make blocks for building walls; other additional ingredients are sand / cow
dung or horse dung / horsehair / sheep’s wool
tŷ clom a cob house, earthen
house
2 cloam = a clay mixture for sealing the door over an oven opening
ffwrn glom cloam oven
ETYMOLOGY: English cloam (= mud)
:_______________________________.
clomen / c’lomen
‹KLO-men› [ˈklɔmɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL clomennod
/ c’lomennod ‹klo-ME-nod› [klɔˈmɛnɔd]
1 dove; a colloquial form
of colomen / colomennod with
contraction of the prepretonic syllable.
The colloquial contracted forms are also spelt without the apostrophe: clomen, clomennod
:_______________________________.
clopa ‹KLO-pa› [ˈklɔpa] masculine
noun
PLURAL clopâu ‹klo-PAI› [klɔˈpaɪ]
(South Wales)
1 (slang) head (bonce, nut, noddle, chump, etc)
Fe’i ’naiff, os oos r’wfaint o synnw’r yn ’i glopa
He’ll do it, if there’s any sense in his head
2 knob on a walking stick
clopa ffon
3 head (of nail, of pin)
clopa pěn pinhead
ei tharo hi ar ei chlopa hit the nail on its head (“hit it on its head”)
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English clobbe
(which in modern English is club) < Old Norse klubba
NOTE: Also a feminine noun – hence y clopa (m) and y glopa (f)
:_______________________________.
clorwth ‹KLOO-ruth› [ˈkloˑrʊθ] masculine noun
1 (South Wales) clorwth mawr big fat slob, great hulk of a
fellow
clorwth o ddyn big fat slob, great hulk of a fellow
(North Wales) horwth o ddyn big fat slob, great hulk of a fellow
ETYMOLOGY: Possibly “distended surface”
(clawr = surface) + soft mutation + (rhwth = open, hollow,
distended, loose) > cláwr-rwth > clór-rwth > clorwth
:_______________________________.
clos (= clōs) ‹KLOOS› [kloːs] masculine
noun
PLURAL closau
‹KLOO-sai,
KLOO-se› [ˈklɔsaɪ, -ɛ]
1 pair of breeches
clos pen-glin knee breeches
clos dwyn fale knickerbockers (“trousers
(of) stealing apples”)
2 troi eich clos / troi’ch clos take down one’s trousers
(“roll down your trousers”)
cael eich dal yn troi clos be caught
with your trousers down
3 troi eich clos a chael
pisiad / troi’ch clos a chael pisiad
undo your trousers and have a piss (“roll down your trousers and have a piss”)
Dyma droi’i glos a chael pisiad tawel y
tu ôl i gar yr heddwas
So he undid his trousers and had a quiet piss behind the policeman’s car
4 troi clos evacuate
one’s bowels
Prif achos clwy’r marchogion ydy gwthio
gormod wrth droi clos
The main cause of piles (“injury of the horsemen”) is straining too much when
emptying the bowels
ETYMOLOGY: English close ‹klooz› a present-day colloquial form in
Englandic (and previously a standard form in Englandic, as it still is in
American English) of cŷhes
< Old English clâthas, plural of clâth (= cŷh)
From the same Germanic root: German das
Kleid (= dress, frock), die Kleider
(= cŷhes)
:_______________________________.
clos (=
clōs) ‹KLOOS› [kloːs] masculine
noun
PLURAL closydd
‹KLO-sidh› [ˈklɔsɪđ]
1
close = courtyard enclosed by buildings; or a way leading into this.
clos cadeirlan cathedral close, the
precincts of a cathedral
clos castell courtyard of a castle
Cerddodd drwy’r dre nes dyfod i'r
castell. Aeth Morgan i mewn drwy'r clos
2 (South Wales) farmyard, courtyard.
Also beili, cwrt
clos ffermdy farmyard, courtyard.
3
close = residential street in the form of a cul de sac
Aeth i fyny’r clos i barcio’r car He
went up the close (the cul de sac) to park his car
ETYMOLOGY: English close (=
enclosure) < Old French clos
(adjective = enclosed) < Latin clausus
(adjective = enclosed, shut up) < claudere
(= to close)
Cf Jčrriais (Jersey French) clios (=
a field)
Modern French clos 1 (adjective)
enclosed; 2 (noun) enclosed place, vineyard
NOTE: Sometimes written clôs with a
circumflex, but in fact there is no need to mark the long vowel because by
default a monosyllabic word with a single vowel and a final s has a long vowel
:_______________________________.
clňs (=
clŏs) ‹KLOS› [klɔs] (adj)
1 (weather), close, sultry, muggy (= damp and close)
Canol Awst 'roedd hi, a'r tywydd yn drwm a chlos
It was mid-August, and the weather was oppressive and close
Diawch! Mae'n
glos, yn tydi? Damn, it’s
close, isn’t it?
2 silent, quiet, taciturn, spare with words, reluctant to talk
bod yn glňs fel wystrysen be tight-lipped (“closed like an
oyster”)
3 clos wrth ei gilydd tight together
Er mor glos ydy cregyn yr wystrysen wrth ei gilydd, mae big pioden y môr yn
medru eu gorfodi nhw i agor
Although the shells of the oyster are so tight together, the beak of the
oystercatcher can force them to open
cwtsho’n glňs cuddle tight
4 tight, mean, tightfisted, miserly, stingy
Un go glňs am y g’in’og o’dd Wiliam Tŷ-coch Wiliam Tŷ-coch was
a rather tightfisted
O dyna hen fenyw
glos yw hi Oh she’s
a really tightfisted woman
clňs eich boced (“close (as regards) your pocket”) stingy
5 close = neighbourly
cymdeithas glňs a close community
6 (relationship) close
Er iddi hi ac Marged Prys fod yn dipyn o ffrindiau ers talwm,'dyw'r
perthynas ddim mor glos erbyn hyn
Although she and Marged Prys were quite friendly some time back, the
relationship is not so close nowadays
Ffrindiau clňs
imi ydyn nhw
They’re close
friends of mine
7 (proximity) close, near
Balchder a rhodres - ma'r ddou beth yn glňs iawn idd'i gilydd
Pride and arrogance – the two things are very close to each other
8 clňs wrth close to
Yr oedd y car wedi'i barcio ar rimyn o borfa yn glos wrth y clawdd
The car was parked on a strip of grass close to the hedgebank
9 aerglos airtight
nwyglos gasproof
ETYMOLOGY: English close (a dialect form of closed)
:_______________________________.
clos Dafydd Jôns (= clōs) <kloos
DAA-vidh JOONS> [kloːs ˡdɑˑvɪđ ˡjoːns] masculine noun
1 Penmachno (county of Conwy) patches of blue sky after rain and a sign
of approaching good weather. Literally “Dafydd Jôns’s trousers” (David Jones),
probably from the patched trousers of a local character
ETYMOLOGY: (clos = trousers) + (Dafydd Jôns = name + surname)
:_______________________________.
clos Gwyddel (= clōs) ‹kloos GUI-dhel› [kloːs ˈguiđɛl] masculine noun
1 Ysbyty-ifan (county of Conwy) patches of blue sky after rain and a
sign of approaching good weather. Literally “Irishman’s trousers”, probably
from the patched trousers of Irish navvies who built the railways in North
Wales
ETYMOLOGY: (clos = trousers) + (Gwyddel = Irishman)
:_______________________________.
closet pridd ‹KLO-set
PRIIDH› [klɔsɛt ˈpriːđ] feminine noun
PLURAL closeti
pridd, closetau pridd ‹klo-
se-ti, klo- se-tai, -e, priidh› [klɔˈsɛtɪ ˈpriːđ,
kloˈsɛtaɪ, -ɛ, ˈpriːđ]
1 earth closet = a toilet
consisting of a hole in the ground where excrements are covered over with
earth, or ashes from a fireplace
ETYMOLOGY: (closet = closet, toilet)
+ (pridd = earth)
:_______________________________.
clown ‹KLOUN› [kloun] masculine
noun
PLURAL clowniau,
clowns ‹KLOUN-yai,
-e, KLOUNZ› [ˈklounjaɪ, -ɛ / klounz]
1 clown = entertainer
with grotesque cŷhes, often with a painted face and a red false nose and
greatly outsized shoes
Rhyw ddyn yn gwisgo dillad clown
Some man in a clown outfit
2 a person with illogical behaviour
Paid actio fel clown, wnei di?
Stop acting like a clown, will you?
3 (disparaging for a person considered stupid)
Pwy yw’r clown bach seimllyd sydd yn
sefyll dros y Torďaid y tro hwn?
Who’s the greasy little clown who’s standing (as election candidate) for the
Tories this time?
ETYMOLOGY: English clown formerly
with the meaning of “countryman, rustic”; probably of Low German origin
:_______________________________.
Clupeidae
1 (Latin) penwaig herrings
:_______________________________.
cludiad ‹KLID
yad› [ˈklɪdjad] (masculine noun)
1 carriage = the action of transporting
something
cludiad am ddim carriage paid; post free; delivery free
:_______________________________.
cludo ‹KLII-do› [ˈkliˑdɔ] (verb)
1
transport = carry goods from one place to another (USA: haul)
awyren gludo transport plane
llong gludo freighter
:_______________________________.
cludwr ‹KLII–dur› [ˈkliˑdʊr]
PLURAL cludwyr
‹KLID-wir› [ˈklɪdwɪr]
1 carrier
cludwr nwyddau haulage contractor,
haulier
2 pall bearer
ETYMOLOGY: (clud- stem of cludo = to carry) + (-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
clun ‹KLIIN› [kliːn] feminine
noun
PLURAL cluniau
‹KLIN-yai, -e› [ˈklɪnjaɪ, -ɛ]
After the definite article: y glun
1
hip
arthrosis y glun hip arthrosis
asgwrn clun, plural esgyrn cluniau hipbone
clun blastig plastic hip,
replacement hip
cymal y glun hip joint
Faint ych chi am eich cluniau?
What’s your hip size? (“what-amount are you around your hips”)
mynd o glun i glun waddle = walk
like a duck (“go from hip to hip”)
2
thigh
pen y glun hip (“(the) top (of) the
thigh”)
3 cael gwlân rhywiog ar glun gafr make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear
(“find fine wool on a goat’s thigh”)
ni cheir gwlân rhywiog ar glun gafr you can’t make a silk purse out of a
sow’s ear
(“fine wool on a goat’s thigh
is not found / is not had”)
3 leg
clun bren wooden leg
Rhys Glun Bren Rhys with the wooden leg (16-11-1883 tarian y
Gweithiwr: yr hen Rees Glunbren yn dywedyd wrthyf fi = old Rhys Glun Bren
saying to me
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic, if not British < Latin
Cornish klun (= buttock), Breton klun (= buttock)
Cf Latin clűnis (= buttock)
:_______________________________.
clun ‹KLIIN› [kliːn] masculine
noun
PLURAL cluniau
‹KLIN-yai, -e› [ˈklɪnjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (place names) meadow
Y Clun (Englished as Clyne) Village
SN8000 between Castell-nedd to the south and Resolfen
:_______________________________.
clust ‹KLIST› [klɪst] masculine
noun
North Wales: clűst ‹KLIIST› [kliːst]
PLURAL clustiau
‹KLIST-yai,
-e› [ˈklɪstjaɪ / ˈklɪstjɛ]
1 ear
2 pen a chlustiau “head and ears”
siarad ar draws pen a chlustiau talk the hind legs off a donkey
3 moeli clustiau / moeli’ch clustiau prick up your
ears
4 codi clustiau / codi’ch clustiau prick up your ears
5 gwneud clust fel hwch mewn haidd prick up your ears (“make
(the) ear like (a) sow in barley”)
6 i mewn trwy un glust ac allan trwy’r llall
in one ear and out the other, in at one ear and out at the other
Aiff i mewn trwy un glust ac allan
trwy’r llall
It goes in one ear with him and out the other
7 troi clust fyddar i rywbeth
turn a deaf ear to something
8 sharp pain, intense pain
Mae arna i ’i angen fel angen pigyn yn y
clust I need it like a hole in the head (i.e. I don’t need it at all, it
would not be pleasant to have it) (“I need it like a pain in the ear”)
9 bod at eich clustiau mewn
gwaith be up to one’s eyes in work (“be to your ears in work”)
10 achlust rumour;
tip-off
cael achlust o get to know of
rhoi achlust i (rywun) give
(somebody) a tip-off, tip somebody off
(ad intensifying prefix) + spirant
mutation + (clust = ear) *ad-chlust > a’chlust > achlust
11 tynnu’ch clustiau pull
your ears
(South-west) Mae e’n tynnu ’nghlustiau
He gets on my nerves, He gets up my nose, He gets on my tits (“he pulls my
ears”)
12 unglust <IN-GLIST> [ˡɪnglɪst] one-eared
(un = un) + soft mutation + ( clust = ear)
Also: un glust <IIN GLIST> [ˡiːn ˡglɪst]
:_______________________________.
clustfys <KLIST-vis> [ˡklɪstvɪs] masculine noun
PLURAL clustfysedd
<klist-VƏ-sedh> [klɪstˡvəsɛđ]
1 little finger
ETYMOLOGY: (“ear finger”) (clust =
ear) + soft mutation + (bys =
finger)
:_______________________________.
clustlipa <klist-LI-pa> [klɪstˡlɪpa] adjective
1 floppy-eared
2 miserable, unhappy, crestfallen, down in the dumps, dejected,
downhearted, defeated, beaten, cowed
ETYMOLOGY: (clust = ear) + soft
mutation + (llipa = weak, drooping)
:_______________________________.
clust llygoden y
felin <KLIST
lhə-GOO-den ə VEE-lin> [ˡklɪst ɬəˡgoˑdɛn ə ˡveˑlɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL clustiau
llygoden y felin < <KLIST-yai,
-e, lhə-GOO-den ə VEE-lin> [ˡklɪstjaɪ, -ɛ,
ɬəˡgoˑdɛn ə ˡveˑlɪn]
1 Cerastium tomentosum Snow-in-summer
ETYMOLOGY:
(1) “clust y llygoden (of) the mill”.
(2) Clust y llygoden “ear (of) the mouse” is the mouse-ear plant;
(3) (clust = ear) + (llygoden = mouse) + (y = the) + soft mutation + (melin = mill)
:_______________________________.
clustogi <kli-STOO-gi> [klɪˡstoˑgɪ] verb
1 upholster
ETYMOLOGY: (clustog = cushion) + (-i suffix for forming abstract nouns)
(causes change in the penultimate vowel a
> e – vowel affection)
:_______________________________.
clẁb,
clybiau <KLUB, KLƏB-yai, -e> [klʊb, ˡkləbjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 club
2
C.P.D. = F.C. or football club
(initials of Clẁb Pęl-droed)
C.P.D. Cwm-sgwt (on a player’s
shirt, for example) Cwm Sgwt F.C. (= Football Club)
:_______________________________.
clẁb cant <klub
KANT> [klʊb ˡkant] masculine noun
PLURAL clybiau
cant <KLƏB-yai,
-e, KANT> [ˡkləbjaɪ, -ɛ,
ˡkant]
1 Literally ‘hundred
club’, a group of people who take part in a raffle restricted to a maximum of
one hundred members to generate funds for non-profit organisations or a
political party
Dyma enwau enillwyr Clwb Cant Cyfeillion
Cymru-Ariannin dynnwyd ym Mhwyllgor Gwaith y Gymdeithas ym mis Mai
These are the names of the winners of the (raffle of the) Friends of Wales-Argentina
‘Hundred Club’ drawn in the Executive Committee meeting of the association in
May
ETYMOLOGY: “club (of) (one) hundred” (clwb
= club) + (cant = one hundred)
:_______________________________.
clẁb golff
<klub GOLF> [klʊb ˡgɔlf] (masculine noun)
PLURAL clybiau golff <KLƏB-yai, -e, GOLF> [ˡkləbjaɪ, -ɛ,
ˡgɔlf]
1
golf club
:_______________________________.
clẁb
heicio <KLUB HEIK-yo> [klʊb
ˡhəɪkjɔ] masculine noun
PLURAL clybiau heicio <KLƏB-yai,
-e, HEIK-yo> [ˡkləbjaɪ, -ɛ,
ˡhəɪkjɔ]
1 hiking club, club for
hikers
ETYMOLOGY: (“club (of) hiking”)
:_______________________________.
clwm <KLUM> [klʊm] (adjective)
1
tied
bwthyn clwm tied cottage
:_______________________________.
clwstwr, clystyrau <KLU-stur, klə-STƏ-rai,
-e> [ˡklʊstʊr, kləˡstəraɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 boquet of flowers;
2 cluster of houses
:_______________________________.
clwt, clytiau
<KLUT, KLƏT-yai, -e> [klʊt, ˡklətjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 cloth; parcel of land
2 clytio (verb with an object)
patch (clothes)
(clyt- = penult syllable form of clwt = cloth, patch) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
3 clo clwt padlock
:_______________________________.
clwto <KLU-to> [ˡklʊtɔ] verb
1 (South Wales form of clytio) (verb with an object) patch
(clothes)
clwto ffrňg to patch a frock
ETYMOLOGY: (clyt- = penult syllable
form of clwt = cloth, patch) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
The southern form is clwto (in South
Wales, the w of a monosyllable is
conserved in the tonic syllable of a derivative; the suffix -io is generally -o
:_______________________________.
Clwt-y-bont <klut-ə-BONT> [klʊtəˡbɔnt] (masculine noun)
1 village (north-west Wales)
:_______________________________.
clwyd <KLUID> [klʊɪd] feminine noun
PLURAL clwydi
<KLUI-di> [ˡklʊɪdɪ]
1 wattle hurdle for
stopping a gap, partioning, or forming enclosures such as a sheepfold
cau (rhywbeth) â chlwydi hurdle off,
enclose with hurdles
rhoi clwydi am hurdle off, put hurdles
round, close off with hurdles
2 South-east Wales gate
(for a field, a garden)
3 South-east Wales
opening, gateway
4 South-east Wales
(formerly) turnpike gate
Y Glwyd = locality by Y Drenewydd,
Rhymni (county of Caerffili)
5 North Wales perch,
roost; place where hens sleep at night
mynd i’r glwyd (1) (hens) go to
roost (2) (people, facetiously) go to bed
6 (athletics) hurdle = wooden frame for jumping over
ras glwydi hurdle race
neidiwr clwydi hurdler, hurdle racer
7 hurdle = low fence for horses to jump over in some forms of
horseracing
8 hurdle used for carrying something
clwyd fawn = a hurdle for carrying
peat
9 hurdle = a frame on which criminals were tied to be dragged to
execution
10 llwybr clwydi hurdle trackway,
path across marshy ground with hurdles as a base
11 mat of vegetation
bod yn un glwyd, bod yn un glwyden, bod yn glwydi
be matted together, be tangled up, be all tangled together; be in a tangled
heap
12 clwyd bladur wattle
holder for carrying a scythe
13 clwyd frag hurdle for
drying malt on
14 obsolete hurdle used as
a fish trap in a river or stream - see the river name Clwyd
15 South-east Wales torglwyd = gate (tor-, stem of torri = to
break) + soft mutation + (clwyd =
gate)
16 obsolete cronglwyd = roof < cron-glwyd < cromglwyd (crom,
feminine form of crwm = curved) +
soft mutation + (clwyd = hurdle)
17
hurdle used as a harrow
draenglwyd thorn harrow (for smoothing down the soil surface after ploughing, in preparation for seeding)
18 See the separate entry for the diminutive form clwyden (clwyd + -en)
19 Y Glwyd-goch <ə gluid GOOKH>
[ə glʊɪd ˡgoːx]
SN5162 farm south of
Pennant, Ceredigion (“the red gate”)
(y definite article) + soft mutation + (clwyd = gate) + soft mutation + (coch = red)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN5162
SN5162 Y Glwyd-goch
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *klęt-â
< Celtic *kleit-â
From the same British root: Cornish kloez
(= hurdle, lattice), Breton kloued
(= fence, harrow)
From the same Celtic root: Irish cliath
(= hurdle), as in the name of the capital of Ireland, Baila Átha Cliath, the farmstead of the ford of the hurdles (for
catching fish)
Also Celtic > Vulgar Latin *clęta
> French claie (= fence), Catalan
cleda (= farmyard, cattle pen,
sheepfold )
:_______________________________.
Clwyd <KLUID> [klʊɪd] feminine noun
1 SJ0549 Afon Clwyd =
river in north-east Wales
Dyffryn Clwyd the valley of the river Clwyd
dianc o Glwyd a boddi ar Gonwy go
from the frying pan into the fire
(“escape from (the river) Clwyd and drown on (= crossing) (the river)
Conwy”)
2 Clwyd (1974-1996) for
22 years, a large county in the North-east named after the river; this former
super-county was created by amalgamating the counties of Y Fflint and Dinbych;
Clwyd was abolished in 1996, and became the three counties of Y Fflint, Dinbych
(these two though with different boundaries compared to the historic counties
abolished in 1974), and a new county, Wrecsam
3
In the names of parliamentary constituences in the area, the name Clwyd is
still in use:
De-orllewin Clwyd (South-west
Clwyd), Gogledd-orllewin Clwyd
(North-west Clwyd) electoral constituencies returning a member each to the
English parliament
4 Moelydd Clwyd “Clwydian Range”, line of hills to the east of the
Clwyd valley, opposite Rhuthun, Dinbych, Llanelwy
“hills (of) Clwyd” (moelydd = (bare) hills) + (Clwyd name of a
river)
ETYMOLOGY: the river name is apparently “fish-trap (river)”, Welsh clwyd = wattle (used as a fish-trap).
See the preceding entry (clwyd as a
common noun)
:_______________________________.
Clwyd <KLUID> [klʊɪd] masculine noun
1 man’s name (from the river name)
:_______________________________.
clwydda, c’lwydda <KLUI-dha> [ˡklʊɪđa]
1 (North-west) colloquial for celwyddau (= lies), plural of celwydd
:_______________________________.
clwyden <KLUI-den> [ˡklʊɪdɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL clwydenni
<klui-DE-ni> [klʊɪˡdɛnɪ]
1 hurdle
2 mat of vegetation
bod yn un glwyden be a mat of
vegetation
3 layer
clwyden o iâ = layer of ice
clwyden o rew = layer of ice
clwyden o faw = layer of dirt
ETYMOLOGY: (clwyd = wattle, hurdle)
+ (-en = diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
Clwydfardd <KLUI-vardh> [ˡklʊɪvarđ] masculine noun
1
Dafydd Gruffudd (1800-1894), poet, born in Heol y Dyffryn, Dinbych
See Hen Arweinwyr Eisteddfodau / Daniel Williams / Llyfrau Pawb 12 / 1944
ETYMOLOGY: (Clwyd = river name) +
soft mutation + (bardd = poet)
:_______________________________.
clwydo <KLUI-do> [ˡklʊɪdɔ] verb
1 (birds) roost
bod wedi clwydo be roosting, have
gone to roost
2 mynd i glwydo
(bird) go to roost
(person) (humorous) go to bed
Roedd hi’n hanner awr wedi un arnaf yn mynd i glwydo neithiwr
I didn’t get to bed until half past one last night (“it was half past one on me
going to roost last night”)
3 clwydo yn ei gilydd
become matted together, become entangled, become interwoven
ETYMOLOGY: (clwyd = wattle, hurdle)
+ (-en = suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
clwyf / clwy’
<KLUIV, KLUI> [klʊɪv, klʊɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL clwyfau
<KLUI-vai,
-e> [ˡklʊɪvaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 wound, sickness,
illness
2 llunglwyf <LHIN-gluiv> [ˡɬɪnglʊɪv] Mondayitis = reluctance to begin a new week of work after the weekend break
(Llun = Monday) + soft mutation + (clwyf = illness)
3
gwahanglwyf (Elephantiasis
graecorum) leprosy
“separation-illness”, i.e. “illness characteristed by isolation of sufferers from
other people” (gwahan- = different,
separate ) + soft mutation + (clwyf
= illness)
:_______________________________.
clwyfedig ‹klui-VEE-dig› [klʊɪˡveˑdɪg] adj
1
wounded
llwynog clwyfedig a wounded fox
ETYMOLOGY: (clwyf- stem of clwyfo =
to wound) + (-edig past participle suffix)
:_______________________________.
clybiau <KLƏB-yai,
-e> [ˡkləbjaɪ, -ɛ] (plural noun)
1 clubs; plural of clwb
:_______________________________.
clychsain <KLƏKH-sain> [ˡkləxsaɪn] feminine noun
PLURAL clychseiniau
<kləkh-SEIN-yai,
-e> [kləxˡsəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ]
1
chime
ETYMOLOGY: (clych <ə> [ə] = penult form of clych <i> [ɪ] = bells) + (sain = sound)
:_______________________________.
clyd <KLIID> [kliːd] (adjective)
1 sheltered
clytaf most sheltered
y tu clytaf i’r clawdd on
the sheltered side of the hedgebank (“the most sheltereed side to the
hedgebank”) (note that Welsh uses the superlative form of the adjective where
English prefers the comparative when the comparison is between two)
2 cosy, comfortable
:_______________________________.
Clydach <KLƏ-dakh> [ˡklədax]
1 river name; there are a
number of streams or rivers with this name in South Wales
2 Melinclydach (“(the)
mill (of the stream) Clydach (Isaf)”)
Another name for Melin-cwrt (SN8101)
locality of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan 10km north-east of Castell-nedd at the
confluence of the Clydach Isaf stream (“Melin Court Brook”) and the river Nedd
3 village SN6801 in the county of Abertawe
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN6801
Local name: Glitach (p. 445, Y Treigladau a’u Cystrawen, T. J. Morgan,
1952). The soft
mutation is explained as being the result of the name’s frequent occurrence in
speech after the prepositions i (= to) and o (= from), and the
soft-mutated form came to be regarded as the radical form
..a/ Clydach > Clidach <KLII-dakh> [ˡkliˑdax]
(y in the tonic syllable > i in the local dialect, a southern
feature)
..b/ Clidach > Clitach <KLII-takh> [ˡkliˑtax]
(devoicing of gbd > cpt at the head of the final syllable in
south-east Wales)
..c/ i Glitach (= to Clydach), o Glitach (= from Clydach)
After these frequent prepositions there is always soft mutation; and yng
Nghlydach (nasal mutation) is yn Glydach / yn Glitach (tendency in
the south to confuse the prepostion yn (nasal mutation) with the
complement marker yn (soft mutation). Thus the name is used a ŷ
more often in its soft-mutated form, and comes to be regarded as the base form)
4 village SO2312 in the county of Mynwy
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO2312
CLYDACH: The village of Clydach takes its name from the stream which
flows from Mynydd Llangatwg to join the Usk near Gilwern. Mr. R. J.
Thomas lists no fewer than 22 streams or rivers in South Wales bearing the name
variously written Clydach, Cleidach, Cloidach (and formerly Cloutac, Clydagh,
Cledagh etc.). The name is generally pronounced Cleidach in Breconshire and east
Carmarthenshire, Cloidach in other parts of Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire,
and Clidach or Clitach (as well as the 'literary' pronunciation Clydach) in
Glamorgan. Mr. Thomas has shown that the name is borrowed from the Irish
cladach, clodach, denoting a stony shore or a river flowing over a stony bed.
Some Breconshire Place-Names / Stephen J. Williams, M.A., D.LITT./ Brycheiniog
/ Vol. 11 / 1965
:_______________________________.
Clyddau <KLƏ–dhai, -e> [ˡklə–đaɪ, -ɛ]
1 Name of a farm SN5252 in Cribyn, by Llanbedr Pont Steffan (Ceredigion)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=227242
map
2 Locality in the county of Penfro?
1881 Census: 18 Bryn Zion St. Merthyl Tydfil, Glamorgan. David OWENS, 50 Collier, born
Clyddau, Pembroke
ETYMOLOGY: Unknown
:_______________________________.
Clydwyn ‹KLƏD–win› [ˡklədwɪn]
1 male forename (rare)
2 a son of Brychan, ruler of Brycheiniog in the 400s, one of Brychan’s 12, 24
or 63 children (according to different sources)
ETYMOLOGY: Unknown
:_______________________________.
clymblaid <KLƏM-blaid> [ˡkləmblaɪd] feminine noun
PLURAL clymbleidiau
<kləm-BLEID-yai,
-e> [kləmˡbləɪdjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 coalition party,
coalition (American: also “fusion”)
ETYMOLOGY: (clym-, penult form of clwm = tied together) + soft mutation +
(plaid = party)
:_______________________________.
clymbleidio <kləm-BLEID-yo> [kləmˡbləɪdjɔ] verb
1 form a coalition
A fydd y Torďaid yn clymbleidio â’r
Democratiaid Rhyddfrydol?
Will the Tories form a coalition with the Liberal Democrats?
ETYMOLOGY: (clymblaid = coalition) +
(-i-o suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
clymu <KLƏ-mi> [ˡkləmɪ] (verb)
1 to bind together
2 clymu rhywun draed a dwylo
hogtie somebody, bind hand and foot (“bind somebody feet and hands”)
3 Mae ishe clymu dy ben di You need your head examining
:_______________________________.
Clyngaea,
C’lyngaea <klən-GEI-a> [klənˡgəɪa] masculine noun
1 a colloquial form of Calan
Gaeaf (= All Saints, “(the) calend (of) winter”) > C’langaea / Clangaea > Clyngaea
:_______________________________.
clynnen (c’lynnen) <KLƏ-nen> [ˡklənɛn]
1
a reduced form of celynnen
(=
holly bush)
In the 1881 Census (Tywyn, District 3) David Davies (55) mariner is recorded as
living at Pantyglynnen (spelt as “Pant y Glynen”) (= hollow of the holly
bush)
:_______________________________.
Clynog <KLƏ-nog> [ˡklənɔg]
1
a misspelling on English-language maps of Clynnog
:_______________________________.
Clynnog (C’lynnog) <KLƏ-nog> [ˡklənɔg]
1
a reduced form of celynnog
(=
place of holly bushes)
In Llanrhaeadr ym Mochnant
there is a farm “Clynog” SJ1225 which is probably Clynnog
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1225
map
2 Clynnog-fawr SH4149 also known simply as Clynnog
A village in Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/191720
y pentref / the village
ETYMOLOGY: clynnog / c’lynnog < celynnog
(celynn- penult form of celyn = holly bushes) + (-og adjectival suffix ) > celynnog
(adj) (= abounding in holly bushes) > celynnog (noun) (= place abounding
in holly bushes)
:_______________________________.
clystyrau <klə-STƏ-rai,
-e> [kləˡstəraɪ, -ɛ] (plural noun)
1 clusters; plural of clwstwr
:_______________________________.
clyt-
1 penult syllable form of clwt
(= cŷh, patch)
..a/ clytiau rags
..b/ clytio to patch, put a
patch or patches on
:_______________________________.
clytaf (clyta’ /
clyta) <KLƏ-tav,
KLƏ-ta> [ˡklətav, ˡkləta] adjective
1 most sheltered; superlative form of clyd (= sheltered)
y tu clytaf i’r clawdd on the sheltered side of the hedgebank
(in Welsh, the superlative form of the adjective is often used where English
uses the comparative degree)
:_______________________________.
clytiau <KLƏT-yai,
-e> [ˡklətjaɪ, -ɛ] (plural noun)
1 rags; plural of clwt
:_______________________________.
clytio <KLƏT-yo> [ˡklətjɔ] verb
1 (verb with an object)
patch (cŷhes), put a patch or patches on
clytio ffrňg to patch a frock
2 cobble (shoes)
3 throw together, cobble together. make in haste and without
preparation
clytio cinio throw together some
dinner, prepare dinner hastily
ETYMOLOGY: (clyt- = penult syllable
form of clwt = cŷh, patch) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: South: clwto (in South Wales,
the w of a monosyllable is conserved
in the tonic syllable of a derivative; the suffix -io is generally -o
:_______________________________.
..1 clyw <KLIU> [klɪʊ] masculine noun
1 hearing, ability to
hear
2 o fewn clyw within
earshot
:_______________________________.
..2 clyw <KLIU> [klɪʊ] verb
1 he / she / it hears (< clywed = to hear)
Fe gaiff ffit pan glyw amdano He’ll have a fit when he finds out
:_______________________________.
clywed <KLƏ-wed> [ˡkləwɛd] verb
1 to hear
Fel arall y clywais i I heard
differently
teclyn clywed hearing aid (“device
(of) hearing”) (teclyn = device) + (clywed = hearing )
2 to feel
Clywai y bysedd meinion yn tynhau am ei
llaw
She felt the slim fingers tightening around her hand
:_______________________________.
cn-
Initial cn- is explained
in a number of ways
1 It occurs in native words, and already existed in
Celtic (some of the words in the following list have Irish equivalents with cn-)
..1 cnaif (= act of shearing wool; sheep’s
fleece); cneifyn (= fleece) , cneifio (= to shear)
Cf. Irish cnaí
(= corrosion)
..2 cnau = nuts, cneuen (= a nut);
Irish cnó (=
nut)
..3 cnawd = (= flesh)
..4 cnewyllyn (= kernel, core, heart)
..5 cnicyn (= hammer of a gun) Probably < cnycyn < cnwc (= lump; hill)
..6 cnith (= nibbling), probably related to cnoi (= to bite)
..7 cnucho, cnuchio, cnycho, cnychio (= to fuck)
..8 cnoi (= to bite)
..9 cnu (= sheep’s fleece)
Irish cnúmh
(= bark, skin) is possibly the same word
..10 cnud (= pack of wolves) (possibly from
the same root as cnwd = crop)
..11 cnwch (= hill)
Irish cnoc
(= hill)
..12 cnwd (= crop)
Irish cnuas
(= nuts)
..13 cnwff / cnwffyn
(= lump) < cwlff (= chunk)
..14 cnyw (= colt, foal) (possibly a form of cenau = cub, pup)
2 They may be borrowed English words, borrowed when
when the initial ‘k’ was still sounded in English
..1 cnac (= trick; also rebellious action
of a horse) < English knack
..2 cnaf (= scoundrel) < English knave
..3 cnap (= small hill; also state of inebriation)
< English cnap (= lump, heap)
< cnaepp (= top)
Also from the same source cnapan (=
ball of hard wood), with native diminutive ending -an
..4 cnec (= bang; fart) < English knack (= crack, click)
..5 Y Cnicht (hill name) < English knight
..6 cnocio (= to knock) < English knock; from the same source, cnocell = woodpecker (with Welsh ending
-ell)
..7 cnol (= hill) < English knoll (= hill)
..8 cnot (= knot) < English knot; also cnotyn (= knot; garden bed for onions)
..9 cnůl (= death knell) from a Middle English
word related to knell (= slow ringing
of a bell)
..10 cnwb / cnwbyn (= knob;
lump (of a fellow)) < English knob;
also cnwpa, knob of a stick
3 Shortening involving syllable loss
..1 cna:
y cna bach < y cena bach < y cenau
bach! (= the little devil! you little devil! ‘the little puppy’)
..2 Caernarfon (town in the
north-west) > Cnarfon, Cnafron (colloquial names for
the town)
..3 canél (= canal; south-east
Wales; from an English variant of ‘canal’) > cnel
..4 canwyllbren (= candlestick)
> cnwyllbren
..5 ceiniogwerth (pennyworth)
> cnegwerth / (North-west) cnegwarth
..6 cenawes (= bad girl) > cnawes
..7 cwynosfwyd (= tea, supper)
> cnysfwyd
..8 cyfnither (= female cousin)
> cnither
..9 cynaeafa (= to harvest, to
gather in the harvest) > cnafa
..10 cynhaeaf (= harvest) > cnaea, cnua
..11 cynhebrwng (= funeral) >
cnebrwn
..12 cynhesol (= warming, which
warms) > cnesol
..13 cynhesu (= warm up) > cnesu
..14 cynhordy (= gatheouse) > cnordy
..15 cynrhonyn (= maggot) > cnonyn
..16 cyrnadu (= howl, shout)
> cnadu
4 Other
..1 Cneset (= Israeli parliament) <
Hebrew
..2 cnwc (= hill), a loan word in Welsh from Irish
cnoc (= hill)
:_______________________________.
cnac <KNAK> [ˡknak] m
PLURAL cnaciau,
cnacau <KNAK-yai,
-e; KNA-kai, -e > [ˡknakjaɪ, -ɛ; ˡknakaɪ, -ɛ]
(South Wales)
1
trick
chwarae cnac â rhywun play a trick
on somebody
bod yn llawn cnaca be full of tricks
ETYMOLOGY: English knack (= special
way of doing something) < Middle Dutch cnakken
(= tos strike, to hit) < cnak-
probably an imitation of the sound
:_______________________________.
cnaf, cnafon /
cnafiaid <KNAAV, KNAA-von / KNAV-yaid, -ed> [knɑːv, ˡknɑˑvɔn / ˡknavjaɪd, -ɛd] (masculine noun)
1 rascal, knave, rogue, scoundrel
cnaf o’r math gwaethaf the worst of rogues,
a rogue of the first order
:_______________________________.
Cnafron <KNAV-ron> [ˡknavrɔn] (feminine noun)
1 local form of Caernarfon (with metathesis R-V > V-R
> Cnafron
:_______________________________.
Cnarfon <KNAR-von> [ˡknarvɔn] feminine noun
1 colloquial form of Caernarfon (qv)
Caernarfon > Cyrnarfon > Cy’narfon > Cnarfon
:_______________________________.
cnap PLURAL cnapiau <KNAP, KNAP-yai, -e> [knap, ˡknapjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 small hill
2 place names:
..a/ Cnap-llwyd
“a farm on the hill to the south of Glanamman Village”
(Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society and Field Club 6 / 1910 /1911 / p52)
..b/ Cnap-llwyd, district of Abertawe / Swansea
In this place in Abertawe there are streets called Heol y Cnap and “Cnap
Llwyd Road” (which would be Heol y Cnap-llwyd in Welsh)
..c/ Pen y Cnap SN5121 hill in Llanegwad, county of
Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/146922
..d/ Y Cnap
John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911) (1905
volume) notes: Knap, The. An alternative name for Allen’s Bank, according to an
Alŷment Map of Cardiff Heath, of teh commencement of teh 19th
century. Welsh cnap, a “knob” or tump.
:_______________________________.
c'nau, cnau <KNAI> [knaɪ] verb
1 (North Wales) to clean. See glanháu
:_______________________________.
cneuen, PLURAL cnau
<KNEI-en, KNAI> [ˡknəɪɛn, knaɪ] (feminine noun)
1 nut
cneuen gyll (= hazel-nut), plural cnau cyll (= hazel-nuts)
2 cipio cneuen o wâl y blaidd
beard (= oppose) the lion in his den; confront someone (“take (a) hazelnut
(from) (the) den (of ) the wolf”)
3 gefel gnau nutcrackers = device, type of lever, for
cracking the shells of nuts
yr efel gnau the nutcracker
(gefel = tongs) + soft mutation + (cnau = nuts, plural of cneuen
= nut)
4 cneuen
gastan PLURAL cnau castan
chestnut
y gneuen gastan the chestnut
5
(North Wales) plisgyn cneuen
nutshell
(South Wales) masgl cneuen nutshell
6 cneuen Ffrengig walnut (“French nut”)
English “walnut” has a similar sense: “foreign nut” (wal- foreign, as in
Wales, the foreign people, the people not like us; and the adjective Welsh).
---
Cf Dorset dialect (south-western England): welshnut = walnut http://home.clara.net/anvil/DORSET.pdf
----
DIALECTAL AND ARCHAIC WORDS
AND PHRASES
USED IN THE WEST OF SOMERSET AND EAST DEVON.
/ FREDERICK THOMAS ELWORTHY (1930-1907) / 1886.
FRENCH NUT... Walnut. (Always.)
:_______________________________.
cnicyn <KNI-kin> [ˡknɪkɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL cniciau
<KNIK-yai,
-e> [ˡknɪkjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 hammer of a gun, part
of a firearm which strikes the explosive cap on the cartridge to detonate it
ETYMOLOGY: apparently a variant of cnycyn
<KNƏ-kin> [ˡknəkɪn] = ‘little knob’,
from (cnyc-, cnwc = knob; hill) + (-yn
= diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
cnipell <KNI-pelh> [ˡknɪpɛɬ] masculine noun
1
hillock, knoll
Y Gnipell place name in Llan-bryn-mair
“Gnipell – the eminence
p. 261 Collections Historical And Archaeological Relating to Montgomeryshire
and its Borders Volume XXIII 1889
A History of the Parish of Llanbrynmair / Richard Williams FRHS
Chapter XII A Glossary of Local Names”
ETYMOLOGY: (cnip) + (-ell dimunitve suffix)
Cnip is an unknown element. There are vaguely similar words indicating
hillocks or hills – cnwc, cnwch, clip. clog: or lump - cnap,
clap
:_______________________________.
cnoc, cnociau
<KNOK, KNOK-yai, -e> [ˡknɔk, ˡknɔkjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
knock, tap
:_______________________________.
cnocell,
cnocellau <KNO-kelh, kno-KE-lhai, -e> [ˡknɔkɛɬ, knɔˡkɛɬaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 woodpecker
y gnocell = the woodpecker
:_______________________________.
cnocell fraith
fwyaf (…fwya’) <KNO-kelh
VRAITH VUI-av, VULL-a> [ˡknɔkɛɬ
ˡvraɪθ ˡvʊɪav, ˡvʊɪa] feminine noun
PLURAL cnocellau
brith mwyaf (…mwya’) <kno-KE-lhai,
-e, BRIITH MUI-av, MUI-a> [knɔˡkɛɬaɪ, -ɛ,
ˡbriːθ ˡmʊɪa]
1 (Dendrocopos major)
great spotted woodpecker
ETYMOLOGY: (cnocell = woodpecker) +
soft mutation + (braith, feminine
form of brith = speckled) + soft
mutation + (mwyaf = the greatest,
the biggest)
:_______________________________.
cnocell fraith
leiaf (…lleia’)<KNO-kelh
VRAITH LEI-av> [ˡknɔkɛɬ
ˡvraɪθ ˡvʊɪav, ˡvʊɪa] feminine noun
PLURAL cnocellau
brith lleiaf (…lleia’)[knɔˡkɛɬaɪ, -ɛ,
ˡbriːθ ˡɬəɪav, ˡɬəɪa]
1 (Dendrocopos minor)
lesser spotted woodpecker
ETYMOLOGY: (cnocell = woodpecker) +
soft mutation + (braith, feminine
form of brith = speckled) + soft
mutation + (lleiaf = least,
smallest)
:_______________________________.
cnocell werdd <KNO-kelh WERDH> [ˡknɔkɛɬ
ˡwɛrđ] feminine noun
PLURAL cnocellau
gwyrdd <kno-KE-lhai,
-e, GWIRDH> [knɔˡkɛɬaɪ, -ɛ, ˡgwɪrđ]
1 (Picus viridus) green
woodpecker
ETYMOLOGY: (cnocell = woodpecker) +
soft mutation + (gwerdd, feminine
form of gwyrdd = green)
:_______________________________.
cnocer <KNO-ker> [ˡknɔkɛr] masculine noun
PLURAL cnoceri
<kno-KEE-ri> [knɔˡkeˑrɪ]
1 knocker, door knocker
ETYMOLOGY: English knocker < knock < Old English cnocian (= to knock)
NOTE: also cnocar
:_______________________________.
cnocio <KNOK-yo> [ˡknɔkjɔ] (verb)
1 to knock
:_______________________________.
cnoes <KNOIS> [knɔɪs] verb
1 it/she/he bit; third
person singular past of cnoi (= to
bite)
cudyn o’r ci a’ch cnoes a hair of
the dog that bit you, the idea that a bad hangover from excessive drinking
might be alleviated by drinking more alcohol (cudyn = tuft of hair)
NOTE: Also cnodd.
Cf ffodd / ffoes it/she/he fled,
trodd / troes it/she/he turned,
rhodd / rhoes it/she/he gave,
clodd / cloes it/she/he locked, etc
:_______________________________.
cnofil <KNOO-VIL> [ˡknoˑvɪl] masculine noun
PLURAL cnofilod <kno-VII-lod> [knɔˡviˑlɔd]
1 rodent = small animal with incisor teeth for gnawing which grow
constantly
ETYMOLOGY: (cno- = stem of cnoi
= to bite) + soft mutation + (mil = animal ) + (-yn diminutive
suffix added to nouns)
:_______________________________.
cnol <KNOL> [knɔl] feminine noun
PLURAL cnoliau
<KNOL-yai,
-e> [ˡknɔljaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 obsolete (but found in place names) hill, knoll
(1) Y Gnol <ə
GNOL> [ə ˡgnɔl] locality in Rhymni (county of Caerffili)
(2) Y Gnol <ə
GNOL> [ə ˡgnɔl] locality in Castell-nedd (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
(3) Twyn y Gnol ‹TUIN ə
GNOL› <TUIN ə GNOL> [ˡtʊɪn ə ˡgnɔl] hill by Trecelyn (county of Caerffili) (seems to be “the hill [belonging
to] Y Gnol” – maybe there is or was a nearby farm of this name)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST2296
(4) SN8260 Y Gnol
Wen, Powys. North of Penrhuddfa / Devil’s Staircase, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN8260
As clol in the name Top-y-glol
(“(the) top (of) the hill”), near Moelfre Isaf, 8km south-east of Abergele
(county of Conwy)
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English knoll (=
hill) {knol} < Old English cnoll [knol]
In modern English knoll is pronounced without the intial k – [nol], but in Welsh it has been preserved
Cf Lowlandic (Germanic language of Scotland; Scots, Lallans) know (= hill);
From the same Germanic root; German die
Knolle (= tuber), die Knollnase
(= bulbous nose)
:_______________________________.
cnonyn ‹KNOO-nin› masculine
noun
1 (North Wales) form of cynrhonyn (= maggot)
:_______________________________.
cnu ‹knii› masculine
noun
PLURAL cnuoedd
‹knî-odh›
1 fleece = the coat of a
sheep
2 fleece = wool shorn from a sheep
Barnwyr 6:37 Wele fi yn gosod cnu o wlân
yn y llawr dyrnu: os gwlith a fydd ar y cnu yn unig, a sychder ar yr holl
ddaear; yna y caf wybod y gwaredi di Israel trwy fy llaw i, frl y lleferaist.
Judges 6:37 Behold, I will put a fleece of wool in the floor; ‹and› if the dew be on the fleece only, and ‹it be› dry upon all the earth ‹beside›, then shall I know that thou wilt save
Israel by mine hand, as thou hast said.
Barnwyr 6:40 A Duw a wnaeth felly y
noson honno; canys yr oedd sychder ar y cnu yn unig, ac yr holl ddaear yr oedd
gwlith
Judges 6:40 And God did so that night: for it was dry upon the fleece only, and
there was dew on all the ground.
Job 31:20 Os ei lwynau ef ni’m
bendithiasant, ac oni chynhesodd efe gan gnu fy nefaid i
Job 31:20 If his loins have not blessed me, and ‹if› he were ‹not› warmed with the fleece of my sheep;
Salmau 72:6 Efe a ddisgyn fel glaw ar
gnu gwlân; fel cawodydd yn dyfrhau y ddaear,
Psalm 72:6 He shall come down like rain upon the mown grass: as showers ‹that› water the earth.
3 hen ddafad yng nghnu oen
bach (“an old sheep in the fleece of a little lamb”) mutton dressed up as
lamb, an old person trying to hide his or her age by imitating young people’s cŷhing
styles
4 y Cnu Aur = the Golden
Fleece
5 cnu’r ddafad farw =
something given to a person from the possessions of somebody who has died
(‘(the) fleece (of) the dead sheep’)
aros am gnu’r ddafad farw (“wait for
the dead sheep’s fleece’) wait for a dead man’s shoes, wait for someone to die
(in order to have the person’s property)
6 heraldry - sheepskin (suspended by a ring)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
Breton kreoń (= fleece) < kneoń
Irish cnúmh (= bark, skin) is
possibly related
NOTE: also cnuf, plural cnufiau ‹kniiv, kniv-ye›, and a
diminutive form cnufyn ‹knî-vin›
:_______________________________.
cnuchiad ‹knikh-yad› masculine
noun
PLURAL cnuchiadau
‹knikh-yâ-de›
1 copulation, fuck, grind
ETYMOLOGY: (cnuch-, stem of cnuchio = to fuck) + (-iad, suffix for forming nouns)
NOTE: Also cnychiad
:_______________________________.
cnuchio ‹knikh -yo› verb
NOTE: (South Wales) variants: cnucho, cnwcho, cnocho, cnycho
1 (verb with an object) / (verb without an object) fuck, screw, bonk,
knock off
2 (South-west Wales) cnycho (rhywun) fuck someone = do
someone, cheat someone
3 cnycho llaw masturbate (“fuck (a) hand”)
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
cnuchiwr ‹knikh -yur› masculine
noun
PLURAL cnuchwyr ‹knikh -wir›
1 fucker, shagger; man who has sexual intercourse
ETYMOLOGY: (cnuch- stem of cnuchio
= to whore, to go whoring) + (-i-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
cnucho ‹KNI
kho› (verb)
1 to fuck
:_______________________________.
cnuf ‹kniiv› masculine
noun
1 (= cnu) fleece
ETYMOLOGY: cnu + a non-etymological
final f
Cf. hy (= daring, insolent), which
has become hyf,
also with a non-etymological final f.
:_______________________________.
cnufio ‹kniv
-yo› verbs
1 (North-west Wales) wrap up fleeces after shearing
ETYMOLOGY: (cnuf = fleece) + (-io, suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
cnůl ‹knil› masculine
or feminine noun
PLURAL cnuliau ‹knil –ye›
1 death knell, sound of a
bell announcing that somebody has died, or announcing a funeral, tolling of a
death bell
y cnůl, y gnůl = the death knell
canu cnůl (bell) to toll, to sound
Yr oedd cloch yr eglwys yn canu cnůl
The church bell sounded the death knell
2 cnůl clust tingling in
ears, ringing in ears (as a premonition of a death)
3 cadw cnůl complain
continually (“keep (a) death knell”)
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English knul <
Old English knyll;
related to Dutch knal (= bang, peal
of thunder, explosion, sound of a gunshot); German knüllen (= crumple (material)),
NOTE: Also clul (n > l)
:_______________________________.
cnulio ‹knil
-yo› verb
1 (verb without an object) toll = (bell) ring to announce a death or
a funeral
2 (verb with an object) toll = ring (a bell) to announce a death or
a funeral
ETYMOLOGY: (cnůl = death knell) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
cnwc ‹knuk ›
1 hill
2 Y Cnwc hill SO0601 (375 metres), west of Troed-y-rhiw, Merthyrtudful
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO0601
map
:_______________________________.
cnwch ‹knuukh ›
1 hill
Cefn Cnwch Eithinog SN7548 near Ystrad-ffin (county of
Caerfyrddin) “(the) ridge of Cnwch Eithinog”
Cnwch Eithinog = “gorse-covered hill” (cnwch = hill) + (eithinog
= gorse-covered)
To the north-east is Nant y Cnwch “(the) stream of Y Cnwch (Eithinog)”
:_______________________________.
Cnwcydintir ‹knuk ə din-tir›
1 street name in the town
of Aberteifi (county of Ceredigion)
ETYMOLOGY: cnwc y dintir < cnwc y deintur (“(the) hill (of) the tenter
frame”).
(cnwc = hill) + (y = definite article) + (deintur = tenter frame)
NOTE: Also incorrectly as Cnwc-y-Dintir, Cnwc y
Dintir
If the name refers to the hill, then Cnwc y Dintir is correct; if it
refers to a street or a district, then it is written as a single word Cnwcydintir
:_______________________________.
cnych-
1 penult syllable form of cnwch
(= copulation, fuck)
..a/ cnychio, cnychu to
copulate, to fuck
:_______________________________.
cnychiad ‹knəkh-yad› masculine
noun
PLURAL cnychiadau
‹knəkh-yâ-de›
(South Wales)
1
act of sexual intercourse, a fuck, sex
:_______________________________.
cnychio ‹KNƏKH
yo› (verb)
1 to copulate, to fuck
:_______________________________.
cnychu ‹KNƏ
khi› (verb)
1 to copulate, to fuck
:_______________________________.
cnychu dwrn ‹knə
khi DURN› (verb)
1 to masturbate (‘fuck fist’)
:_______________________________.
cnyd-
1 penult syllable form of cnwd
(= crop)
..a/ cnydiau crops
:_______________________________.
cnydiau ‹KNƏD
ye› (plural noun)
1 crops; plural of cnwd
:_______________________________.
cňb ‹kob
› m
PLURAL cobiau
‹kob -ye›
1
cob of Indian corn, corncob
india-corn ar y cňb corn on the cob
ETYMOLOGY: English cob = corncob. Same origin as English cob = round lumo, short strong horse
:_______________________________.
cňb ‹kob
› m
PLURAL cobiau
‹kob –yai,
-ye›
1
embankment
(standard Welsh: argae, arglawdd)
Buont yn dadlau beth i’w wneud i atal llifogydd yn y dyfodol – a bu rhai yn
anwgrymu tynnu’r cob, neu gostwng lefel y cob
They discussed what to do
to prevent floods in the future – and some of them suggested moving the
embankment or lowering the height of the embankment
2 Cňb Porthmadog SH5738 (short form: Y Cňb)
Also Cňb y Port
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1062795
Y Cňb
(delwedd 7410)
3 Cňb Malltraeth SH4068
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/809400
4 Cňb y Fali SH2879
(English name: Stanley Embankment)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/41967
ETYMOLOGY: English cob (=
embankment)
NOTE: In Lyme Regis in Dorset (England) the harbour wall is known as “The Cobb”
SY3492.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/31119
(Wikipedia, “Lyme Regis”, accessed 2009-03-02): “The first written mention of
the Cobb is in a 1328 document describing it as having been damaged by storms.
The structure was made of oak piles driven into the seabed with boulders
stacked between them. The boulders were floated into place tied between empty
barrels.”
:_______________________________.
coch ‹KOOKH› (adjective)
1 red
2 Coch i fyny, teg yfory
Red sky at night, shepherd’s delight
(“red up [above], fair tomorrow”)
= if the sky is red at sunset, tomorrow
will be a fine day
3 y clefyd coch diphtheria (“the red
illness”)
4 melyngoch ‹me-lən-goch› yellowy red;
orange
5 flower names
pabi coch (Papaver rhoeas)
corn poppy, field poppy (“red poppy”)
6 (water) containing iron. ferrous
ffynnon goch chalybeate spring
(used in Ceredigon, according to Welsh Leader 16 11 1906 p142)
(ffynnon = well) + soft mutation + (coch = red)
7 place names – red = colour of stone
..a/ Maen-coch farm 2km east of Llanboudy SN2123 (county of Caerfyrddin)
‘the red stone’ (y = definite article) + (maen = stone) + (coch
= red)
..b/ Plas-coch (SH5168) mansion in Ynys Môn (Gwynedd)
“Plas-coch: this interesting house has
long been of importance.
At the beginning of the twelth century it was the residence
of Llywarch ab Bran { =
Brân}, Lord of
Cwmmwd Menai... It was called Porthamael till 1569 when Hugh Hughes, Esq, built
the present house, which, from the complexion of the stone, acquired the name
of Plas Coch (Red Hall)
(Parry's New Guide to Wales / Edward Parry / 1847)
ETYMOLOGY: “y plas coch” “(the) red
mansion” (y definite article) + (plas = mansion) + (coch =
red)
:_______________________________.
cochboeth ‹kokh
-boith› adj
1
red-hot (cooler than yellow-hot and white-hot)
ETYMOLOGY: (coch = red) + soft
mutation + ( poeth = hot)
:_______________________________.
cochion ‹koch -yon› adjective
1 plural form of coch (=
red)
Coed Cochion (place name) (“(the)
red trees, (the) red wood”)
Grisiaucochion (“(the) red steps”)
name of a street in Bangor (LL57 4YN)
2 (noun) Y Cochion “The
Reds”, people wearing this colour of cŷhes (e.g. a football team)
ETYMOLOGY: coch + plural suffix -ion
:_______________________________.
coch y berllan
‹KOOKH ə BER lhan› (masculine noun)
1 (Pyrhhula pyrrhula) bullfinch
:_______________________________.
coc oen ‹kok
OIN› (masculine noun)
1 useless fool, idiot (‘lamb’s penis’)
:_______________________________.
cocni, cocnis
‹KOK ni, KOK nis› (masculine noun)
1 Cockney (From English ‘cock’s egg’)
:_______________________________.
cocsed ‹kok
-sed› masculine noun
1 cockshoot = clearing in a wood into which woodcocks were driven
and captured in nets across the opening
Cocsed place in Ceredigion, between
Llangybi and Llanio
See cocsut
:_______________________________.
cocsut ‹kok
-sit› masculine noun
1 cockshoot = clearing in a wood into which woodcocks were driven
and captured in nets across the opening
2 glade
3 in place names, especially field names by woods;
Cae Cocsut this is “cae’r cocsut”
(with the linking definite article dropped) = “(the) field (of) the cockshoot”
Enw diddorol ar gae rhwng Llangrallo a'r
Coety yw Kae Coxid, 1740 a 1631 (Cylchgrawn Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru /
Journal of the National Library of Wales Rhif / Number 14, 1966)
An interesting field name between Llangrallo and Y Coety is Kae Coxid, (in the
years) 1740 and 1631
Sometimes in the form cocsyth ‹kok-sith›, cocsed
‹kok-sed›
Cocsed A place in Ceredigion,
between Llangybi and Llanio
ETYMOLOGY: dialect English cockshyt
< cockshoot = (obsolete) place
for capturing woodcocks (cock <
woodcock) + (shoot)
:_______________________________.
cocsyth ‹kok
-sith› masculine noun
1 (place names) cockshoot = clearing in a wood into which woodcocks
were driven and captured in nets across the opening
See cocsut
:_______________________________.
cocwyllt ‹kok-
wilht › adjective
1 (Englandic: randy) (USA: horny)
ETYMOLOGY: (coc = cock, penis ) +
soft mutation + (gwyllt = wild, out
of control)
:_______________________________.
Y Cocyd ‹ř KO-kid ›
1 SS6294 locality in Abertawe
English name: Cockett
John Hobson Matthews (Mab
Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911) (1905 volume) notes: Gocket, Cocket;
“Gockid”. A tenement in Pentyrch (c. 1670, 1763.) This name is found also in
Monmouthshire and West Herefordshire, and near Swansea.
In Lydart,
Monmouthshire SO5009 there is an old drovers’ inn called Gockett Inn
In a 1695 deed: “at Mitchelltroy, on the road from Monmouth to the Gockett”
:_______________________________.
cocyn hitio ‹KO kin
HIT yo› (masculine noun)
1 aunt Sally, someone who takes the blame
:_______________________________.
cod, codiau ‹KOOD,
KOD ye› (masculine noun)
1 bag, pouch;
2 pocket;
3 scrotum
:_______________________________.
coden, codennau
‹KO·-den, ko-DE-ne› (femenine noun)
1 bag
2
coden fustl gall bladder
plural: codau / codenni / codennau bustl
:_______________________________.
codi ‹KO di› (verb) (-se)
1 to raise, to raise
2 codi clustiau / codi’ch clustiau
prick up your ears
3 codi (rhywbeth) ar (rywun) charge somebody for something
codi ar (rywun) am (rywbeth) charge somebody for something
codi crocbris am rywbeth charge the earth for something (“raise a hanging
price for something”)
codi tâl am charge a fee for
4 codi
cynnig i’r gwynt fly a kite, test the weather = make a suggestion, start a
rumour, leak information, carry out part of a plan to see what kind of reaction
is causes (“raise an offer / a try to the wind”)
5 codi’ch gwar shrug your shoulders
6 codi cywilydd ar (rywun) to shame (somebody), put
(somebody) to shame
7 rise (from the grave)
codi o farw’n fyw come back from the
dead (“rise from dead alive”)
8 codi testun choose a
text (for a sermon, etc)
9 codi terfysg cause
unrest
10 (ticket) buy
codi tocyn buy a ticket
codi ticed i Gaer buy a ticket to
Chester
11 codi
llais yn erbyn speak out against (“raise a voice against”)
12 codi awydd bwyd arnoch whet your appetite (“raise (the)
desire (of) food on you”)
codi stumog work up an appetite, stimulate one’s appetite
13 (fear – used in expressions meaning ‘to
make afraid’)
codi ofn am eich enaid arnoch scare
the living daylights out of, scare the shit out of, put the fear of God into,
frighten somebody stiff (“raise fear for your soul on you”)
bod yn ddigon i godi ofn arnoch be
creepy (“be enough to raise fear on you”)
codi arswyd ar frighten, scare, fill
with dread
14 codi angor weigh
anchor (“raise anchor”)
15 (river) rise, originate, take its rise, flow from
Mae Dyfrdwy yn codi yn Llyn Tegid
The River Dyfrdwy (Dee) flows from Llyn Tegid (Lake Bala)
16
codi argae ar draws cwm / ar draws dyffryn to dam a valley
17 codi corff o fedd
exhume a body (“raise a body from a grave”)
18 raise = increase a bid, a bet
codi ar (rywbeth) (auction) bid for something
19 codi’ch trwyn ar
(rywbeth/rywun) be disdainful towards (something), regard (something /
somebody) with disdain
20 codi
cywilydd ar make (somebody) feel ashamed (“raise shame on”)
21 codi’n chwysigennod
come out on blisters
22
codi archwaeth ar rywun to whet
somebody’s appetite
23
codi ar eich traed get to your feet
:_______________________________.
codi
1 sedd
godi tip-up seat
:_______________________________.
codiad, codiadau
‹KOD yad, kod YA de› (masculine noun)
NOTE: In the South, cwnnad < cychwyniad is often used instead
of codiad
1 increase
2 erection of the penis
(South Wales) cala â chodiad arno erect penis (“(a) penis with (a)
erection on it” )
cael codiad have an erection
Fe ges i ddiawl o godiad I got a hell of an erection
:_______________________________.
codiad haul ‹kod –yad hAil› masculine noun
1 sunrise = rising of the sun over the horizon
Also; codiad yr haul
ar godiad haul / ar godiad yr haul at sunrise
gyda chodiad haul at sunrise
Gwlad y Codiad Haul The Land of the Rising Sun
2 the time of this event
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) rise (of) (the) sun”
(codiad = rise) + (haul = sun)
:_______________________________.
codi allan ‹kô-di a -lhan›
1 (North Wales) be out and about after an illness
2 turn out = come out of one's house, go onto the stret (to see a
procession, etc)
Mi glywson ni'r 'band' yn y dre heddiw.
Yr oedd yno gantoedd o bobl wedi codi allan i'w clywed nhw We heard the band
in the town today. Hundreds of people had turned out to listen to them
ETYMOLOGY: (codi = rise, get up) + (allan = out)
:_______________________________.
codi arian ar
‹kô-dir ar-yan ar›
1 to mortgage (something)
ETYMOLOGY: (“raise money on”) (codi
= rise, get up) + (arian = money) +
(ar = on)
:_______________________________.
codi min ‹ko-di miin ›
1 (North Wales) get an erection, have an erection
ETYMOLOGY: (codi = to raise) + (min
= sharpness / erection)
:_______________________________.
codi pais ar ôl
piso ‹kô-di
pais ar ool pi-so›
1 lock the stable door
after the horse has bolted; do something too late for it to be of any use; try
to undo what has been done
ETYMOLOGY: (“(to) lift (a) skirt after pissing”) (codi = lift) + (pais =
skirt, petticoat) + (ar ôl = after)
+ (piso = pissing, to piss)
:_______________________________.
codi pais cyn
piso ‹koo-di
pais kin pi-so›
1 do first what should be
done first, follow the correct procedure to avoid a future calamity
ETYMOLOGY: (“lift skirt before pissing”) (codi
= lift) + (pais = skirt, petticoat)
+ (cyn = before) + (piso = pissing, to piss)
:_______________________________.
codi’r corff ‹koo-dir
korf›
1 (funeral cortčge) set out for the cemetery; (Scotland: lift = take
up for burial)
ETYMOLOGY: (“raise the body”) (codi
= rise, get up) + (y = the) + (corff = body)
:_______________________________.
codi yn y byd ‹koo-di ən ə biid›
1 to better oneself
ETYMOLOGY: (codi = to rise) + (yn
= in) + (y = the) + (byd = world)
:_______________________________.
codwm, codymau
‹KO dum, ko DƏ me› (masculine noun)
1 fall
2 mynd am godwm head for a fall, be riding for a fall (“go for (a)
fall”)
:_______________________________.
codwr, codwyr
‹KOO dur, KOD wir› (masculine noun)
1 bore godwr = early
riser
2 codwr morgais ‹ko dur MOR ges› mortgagee, person who takes out a mortgage
:_______________________________.
coeca ‹KOI
ka› (masculine noun)
1 (South-east Wales) coetgae
Used in Cambrian English.
Excerpt from a comment (retrieved 2008-10-18) in the forum at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southeast/sites/walks/pages/twmbarlwm.shtml
BBC South-east Wales Walks: Pant yr Eos / Twm Barlwm
How
many people were on Twmbarlwm before me who are still going? My grandfather
George Morton who farmed the Darran Farm carried me before I could walk along
the top of the Darran Rocks and I was able to point out later on, when I grew a
bit the large rock along the coiker
where we rested. On that occasion I can't claim to have climbed to the tump,
but in my youth my pals and I were always up there always refreshed by the
marvellous view. My most recent climb was last year, not bad for 85!
:_______________________________.
coecia ‹koik -ya› masculine noun
1 (North Wales) a colloquial form of coetgae (= hedge, field)
Cňb y Coecia (place name) (“(the) embankment (of) the field”)
(a cňb is an embankment which carries a road across an estuary)
(Llanllyfni) Dyma’r
siopau a oedd yno yn yr 1890au:….. Siop Gruffudd Jones y Cigydd (cododd dy ar
Lôn Coecia yn
ddiweddarach ac fe’i galwodd yn Bod Ruffudd)
(Llanllyfni) These
are the shops that were there in 1890’s:….. The shop of Gruffudd Jones the
Butcher (he built a house on Lôn Coecia (lôn y Coecia Coecia Lane /
Road) later and he named it Bod Ruffudd)
…Tafarn y Coecia (a godwyd yn
arbennig ar gyfer gweithwyr y rheilffordd).
…The Coecia tavern
(built especially for the people working on the railway)
(Pantrefi Dyffryn Nantlle / http://www.nantlle.com/llanllyfni-cymraeg.htm
) (Dyfyniad a godwyd
2008-10-18 / quote retrieved 2008-10-18)
coetgae > coetg(i)a
> coecia <KOIK-ya> [ˡkɔɪkja]
:_______________________________.
coed ‹KOID› (plural noun)
1 trees; wood (= collection of trees)
See coeden
2 wood (material)
3 cudd y coed (Clematis vitalba) old
man’s beard, traveller’s joy
“(the) hidden [plant] (of) the wood”
(cudd = hidden (adj); a hidden thing (noun)) + (y = the) + (coed = wood)
Cudd-y-coed Name of a street in Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg)
(spelt as ‘Cudd y Coed’)
(delwedd 7915)
4 There is a street in Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg) called Coedcriafol
(spelt as ‘Coed Craifol’) ‘rowan trees’
5 danhogen y coed PLURAL: dannog y coed (Stachys officinalis) (wikipedia): commonly known as Purple Betony, Betaine
(fr), Betonie (ger), Bishopwort, Lousewort, Wild hop, Wood betony (Do not
confuse with true Wood Betony (Pedicularis canadensis)), or Bishop's
wort... The word stachys comes from the Greek, meaning "an ear of
grain," and refers to the fact that the inflorescence is often a spike.
There is a street in Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg) called Dannog-y-coed (‘wood
betonies’), on street maps as ‘Dannog y Coed’
(delwedd 7017)
:_______________________________.
coedallt ‹koid -alht› feminine
noun
1 obsolete wooded hillside
ETYMOLOGY: (coed = wood, trees) + (allt = hill)
:_______________________________.
Coed Alun ‹koid a
-lin›
1
wood in Caernarfon (county of Gwynedd)
Meaning: “(the) wood (of) Alun” (Alun = ?a stream name).
This has become colloquially Coed Helen
literally ‘Helen’s wood’
A Short Introduction to the Study of Comparative Grammar (Indo-European) T.
Hudson Williams 1935 t.9):
“The Coed Helen Estate at Caernarfon was
originally Coed Alun and is still so called in popular speech; the name was
changed to bring in the Helen legend”
This “Helen” was Elen Luyddog (“Elen of the Hosts”, llu = host, army), from a noble family in Segontium (Caernarfon).
She married Macsen Wledig (Magnus Maximus), who had been born in the Iberian
peninsula, and who became commander of the Roman army in Britain. In AD 383 he
went to Rome where he deposed Gratian and made himself Emperor, and became a
Christian. It is said that Elen returned to Wales after Macsen’s death five
years later, in AD 388.
The tale is preserved in “Breuddwyd Macsen Wledig” (“the dream of Magnus (the)
leader”) , written down around 1400 and forming part of the collection of
twelve medieval Welsh tales known as the Mabinogion.
A deed in English dated 1740 mentions ‘the capital messuage of Coed Alun
otherwise Coed Helen... in the liberties of Caernarfon and parish of
Llanbeblig’.
Elen’s name is perpetutated in Caernarfon in the street called “Ffordd Santes
Helen” (road of Saint Helen), and popularly it occurs in Sarn Helen (“Helen’s way, Helen’s pavement”) a name given to
several sections of Roman road between Caernarfon and Caerfyrddin.
:_______________________________.
Coed-bach ‹koid –bAAkh›
1 street name
..a/ Y Fflint (Sir y
Fflint) (“Coed Bach”)
..b/ Y Barri (Bro
Morgannwg / Vale of Glamorgan) (“Coed Bach”)
..a/ Pen-coed
(Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr / Bridgend) (“Coed Bach”)
ETYMOLOGY: “(y) coed bach” “(the) little wood”,
(y definite article) + (coed
= wood) + (du = black)
:_______________________________.
Coed Cadw ‹koid
ka-du› -
1 name of a wood in Clawdd-coch (county of Bro Morgannwg)
ETYMOLOGY: “(y) coed cadw” ‘(the) kept wood, preserved wood’ (?query - in the
sense of ‘coppice, wood with small trees grown as a source of wood and cut from
time to time’) (coed = wood) + (cadw = to keep; keeping; kept)
:_______________________________.
coed cae / Coed
Cae ‹koit
-ga› masculine noun
1 incorrect spelling of coetgae
(= hedge which encloses; enclosed field). This error is frequent in place
names
:_______________________________.
coedcae /
Coedcae ‹koit
-ga› masculine noun
1 incorrect spelling of coetgae
(= hedge which encloses; enclosed field). This error is frequent in place
names
:_______________________________.
coed celyn ‹koid –kee-lin› masculine
noun
1 holly wood
2 Coedcelyn
..a/ farm in Betws-y-coed (Conwy) (“Coedcelyn”)
..b/ street in Abergele (Conwy) (“Coed Celyn”)
ETYMOLOGY: “(y) coed celyn” “(the) wood (of) holly trees”, “(the) holly wood”
(y definite article) + (coed
= wood) + (celyn = holly trees)
:_______________________________.
coedd ‹KOIDH› adj
1 public
ar goedd publicly
ar goedd gwlad publicly, (declaring) to all and sundry
Cyfeiriai yr ysgolfeistr byth a hefyd ar goedd yr holl ysgol at helynt y
ddrwm fawr. Daff Owen / Lewis Davies / 1924 / t31
The schoolmaster referred constantly before the whole school to the incident of
the big drum
ETYMOLOGY: cý|oedd > có|oedd > coedd
The usual form is cyhoedd (cý|oedd > cý|hoedd)
(delwedd 7367)
:_______________________________.
Coed-du ‹koid –dii›
1 street name in Rhyd-y-mwyn (Sir y Fflint)
2 Heol y Coed-du (“Coed Du Road”), Y Creunant (Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
ETYMOLOGY: “(y) coed du” “(the) black wood”,
(y definite article) + (coed
= wood) + (du = black)
:_______________________________.
Coed-duon ‹koid –dii-on›
1 ST1797 village in the county of Caerffili.
English name: Blackwood
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/868021
ETYMOLOGY: “(y) coed duon” “(the) black wood”,
(y definite article) + (coed
= wood) + (duon, plural form of du = black)
:_______________________________.
coeden, coed ‹KOI
den, KOID› (feminine noun)
1 tree
y goeden = the tree
2 coed = wood, woodland,
forest
sgrech y coed (Garrulus glandarius) jay (“(the) screech (of) the wood”)
(sgrech = screech) + (y definite article) + (coed = wood)
3 coed = wood (material)
4 bod fel dail y coed be
ten a penny, be very common (“be like the leaves of the tree”)
5 erlid o goed i gastell chase from pillar
to post, hound from place to place (“chase from wood to castle”)
6 methu gweld y coed gan
brennau not see the wood for the trees
7 coeden helyg (f) (coed helyg) (Salix) willow tree
See: helygen
8 crafgoed wood
with ramsons or wild garlic (Allium ursinum) (craf = ramsons / wild
garlic) + soft mutation + (coed = wood)
9 House names, street names:
Dolgoed meadow wood,
wood by a meadow
y ddolgoed the meadow wood
There is a street called Ddolgoed in
Dre-fach, Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
(dôl = meadow) + soft mutation + (coed = wood)
Glwysgoed
(glwys (obsolete) fair, beautiful, pleasant) + soft mutation + (coed
= wood)
house name in Aberystwyth (county of Ceredigion)
(in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of
Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)
Is-y-coed (“below the wood”)
..a/ Gwenfô (county of Caer-dydd) (“Is Y Coed”)
..b/ Y Maerdy (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (“Is-Y-Coed”)
Tan-y-coed ‹tan- ə-KOID›
..a/ street name in
Porthtywyn / Burry Port (county of Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen)
(spelt as “Tanycoed”)
tan y coed “(the place) below the wood”
(tan = under, below) + (y definite article) + (coed = wood; trees)
10
llwyn o goed wood, small wood
Safai yr hen Wenallt mewn pantle, rhwng
y fan y saif y Wenallt presenol a'r llwyn o goed a elwir Nyrs Fachddeiliog, yn
ymyl hen orsaf ffordd haiarn y Bala.
Adgofion Andronicus (= John William Jones, Y Bala, 1842-1895) Cyhoeddwyd:
Caernarfon 1894 t24
The old Wenallt (farmhouse) stood in a hollow, between the place where the
present Wenallt stands and a wood which was called Fachddeiliog Nursery, next
to the old railway station in Y Bala
NOTE: In south Wales in monosyllables the diphthng oe [oi] is reduced to a long
o [o:]. Coed therefore is pronounced
“cood” [ko:d] (recommended spelling is co’d; but côd often used).
Llanfyfyr / Llanofer: “Dissent in the Counties of Glamorgan and Monmouth” /
Hywel D. Emanuel / The National Library of Wales Journal 1954-5.
1807 May 29; Wesleyan; a chapel erected
on a piece of land called the Code;
Pen-coed > Pen-cood / Pen-co’d
(Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
:_______________________________.
coedfa ‹koid
-va› feminine noun
1 wood, woodland, wooded place
y goedfa the woodland
2 timber-yard
ETYMOLOGY: (coed = wood) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a
place)
:_______________________________.
coedfron ‹koid -vron› feminine
noun
1 wooded hillside
y goedfron = the wooded hillside
ETYMOLOGY: (coed = wood, trees) +
soft mutation + (bron = hill)
:_______________________________.
coedfryn ‹koid -vrin› masculine
noun
1 wooded hillside
ETYMOLOGY: (coed = wood, trees) +
soft mutation + (bryn = hill)
:_______________________________.
Coed-glas ‹koid –glAAs›
1 street name in Baer-dŕr (Rhondda Cynon Taf)
2 street name in Cwm-brân (Torfaen)
3 Heol y Coed-glas, Llanisien, Caer-dydd (“Coed Glas Road”)
ETYMOLOGY: “(y) coed glas” “(the) green wood”,
(y definite article) + (coed
= wood) + (du = green)
:_______________________________.
Coed Helen ‹koid he-len›
1
literally ‘Helen’s wood’, locality in Caernarfon. Originally though it was
“Coed Alun”, the ‘wood (of) Alun’ (?a stream name).
“The Coed Helen Estate at Caernarfon was originally Coed Alun and is still so
called in popular speech; the name was changed to bring in the Helen legend” (A
Short Introduction to the Study of Comparative Grammar (Indo-European) T.
Hudson Williams 1935 t.9).
This “Helen” was Elen Luyddog (“Elen
of the Hosts”, llu = host, army),
from a noble family in Segontium (Caernarfon). She married Macsen Wledig (Magnus Maximus), born in the Iberian peninsula, who
became commander of the Roman army in Britain and who in AD 383 went to Rome
where he deposed Gratian and made himself Emperor, and became a Christian. It
is said that Elen returned to Wales after Macsen’s death five years later, in
AD 388.
The tale is preserved in “Breuddwyd
Macsen Wledig” (“the dream of Magnus (the) leader”) , written down around
1400 and forming part of the collection of twelve medieval Welsh tales known as
the Mabinogion.
A deed in English dated 1740 mentions ‘the capital messuage of Coed Alun
otherwise Coed Helen... in the liberties of Caernarfon and pa.‹rish› of Llanbeblig’.
Elen’s name is perpetutated in Caernarfon in the street called “Ffordd Santes
Helen” (road of Saint Helen), and popularly it occurs in Sarn Helen (“Helen’s way, Helen’s pavement”) a name given to
several sections of Roman road between Caernarfon and Caerfyrddin
ETYMOLOGY: (coed = wood, trees) +
soft mutation + (Helen = Helen)
:_______________________________.
Coedhirion ‹koid- hir
-yon›
1 house name in Derwen-fawr, Abertawe (county of Abertawe) (in the
list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion”
1961 / Part 1) (“Coed Hirion”)
ETYMOLOGY: (coed = trees, wood) +
soft mutation + (hirion, plural form
of hir = long, tall)
:_______________________________.
coediog ‹koid
-yog› adjective
NOTE: (South Wales) coedog In the
south the consonantal i at the
beginning of the final syllable is generally lost, and so the suffix -iog > -og
1
wooded, woodland = having many trees
nant goediog wooded stream
lôn goediog wooded lane
2
(South Wales) (beans) stringy, too fibrous and so difficult to chew
ffa coedog stringy beans
3
Heol Goedog ‘wooded road’
Street name in Cefncribwr (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
ETYMOLOGY: (coed = wood ‹collection
of trees; a material›) + (-iog, suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
coedlan,
coedlannau ‹KOID lan, koid LA ne› (feminine noun)
1 woodland
2 avenue (street names)
:_______________________________.
Coedllawryf ‹koid –LHAU-riv›
1 laurel wood
street in Abergele (Conwy) (“Coed Llawryf”)
ETYMOLOGY: “(y) coed llawryf” “(the) wood (of) laurel trees”, “(the) laurel
wood”
(y definite article) + (coed
= wood) + (llawryf = laurel trees)
:_______________________________.
Coedmasarn ‹koid–MA-sarn›
1 street name in Abergele (Sir Conwy) (as “Coed Masarn”)
ETYMOLOGY: “(y) coed masarn” “(the) maple wood”,
(y definite article) + (coed
= wood) + (masarn = maple )
:_______________________________.
Coedmasarnen ‹koid –ma-sArn-en›
1 street name in Tregolwyn (Bro Morgannwg) (as “Coed Masarnen”)
A gramatically incorrect name, seemingly a mistake for coed masarn (=
maple wood).
See the preceding entry, Coedmasarn
ETYMOLOGY: “coed masarnen”, which rather than “(the) maple wood” means “(the)
wood (of a) maple-tree”, indicating the material which has been obtained from
an individual maple tree.
(coed = 1 wood, an area of trees; 2
wood, the material obtained from a tree ) + (masarnen = a maple tree)
:_______________________________.
coedog ‹koi
-dog› adjective
NOTE: Southern form of coediog (=
woody, sheltered by trees; stringy) In the south the consonantal i at the beginning of the final
syllable is generally lost, and so the suffix -iog > -og
1
Heol Goedog ‘wooded road’
Street name in Cefncribwr (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
:_______________________________.
Coed-teg ‹koid
TEEG›
1 house name in Doldowlod (Powys)
2 Farm SJ2565 on Ffordd Nant-y-glyn, Bryn-y-maen, Conwy, near Baecolwyn /
Colwyn Bay (“Coed Teg”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=338811
ETYMOLOGY: ‘fair wood’ (coed = wood) + (teg = fair)
:_______________________________.
coedwig, coedwigoedd
‹KOID wig, koid WÎ godh› (feminine noun)
1 wood, forest
y goedwig the wood
brenhinbren y goedwig king of the
forest, the tree which is king of the forest, the oak
2 coedwigo = afforest,
plant trees (see following entry)
:_______________________________.
Coedwig Fach y
Maerdy ‹koid- wig vAAkh a meir-di› verb
1 woodland area in Y Maerdy, Rhondda Cynon Taf
Outlook / Issue
14 / September 2008/ www.rhondda-cynon-taf.gov.uk
:
A wildlife haven with open, green spaces for all to enjoy has been created from
derelict land in Maerdy… A community celebration
launched the Maerdy woodland project, which has taken months of work and a huge
joint effort… the scheme… includes woodland, pathways and open space as well as
a fresh new look for Edward Street and Springfield. The wood has been named “Coedwig Fach y Maerdy”, following a suggestion by
10-year-old Corey Williams of Maerdy Junior School.
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) little wood (of) Y Maerdy” (coedwig = wood) + soft mutation + (bach = small) + (Y
Maerdy)
Maerdy is “house of the steward of the tręv” (maer = steward,
overseer; modern Welsh = mayor) + soft mutation + (ty^ = house); maerdy
is also later “summer farm” and “dairy farm”
:_______________________________.
coedwigo ‹koid- wî -go› verb
1 afforest, plant trees
2 digoedwigo to clear
forest, to deforest; (noun) forest clearance
(di- negative prefix = de-, un-) +
soft mutation + (coedwigo =
afforest, plant trees)
ETYMOLOGY: (coedwig = wood) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
coedwr ‹koi
-dur› masculine noun
PLURAL coedwyr
‹koid -wir›
1 woodman, forestry
worker
2 (South Wales) (Mining) colliery timberman, pit-propper; colliery
worker who puts up pit props – that is, the supports for the roof in mine
shafts
3 forest dweller
ETYMOLOGY: (coed = wood (material);
wood (trees)) + (wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
Coed-y-brain ‹koid ə
brain›
1 locality in
Llanbradach, in the county of Caerffili
Heol Coed-y-brain street in
Llanbradach (on English maps as “Coed-y-Brain Road”)
Also Cwrt Coed-y-brain street in
Llanbradach (on English maps as “Coedybrain Court”)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘(the) wood (of) the crows’ (coed
= wood) + (y = definite article) + (brain = crows, plural of brân = crow)
:_______________________________.
Coed-y-cra ‹koid ə kraa›
1 SJ2270 (farm in Sir y Fflint)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/203618
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect
geographically representative photographs and information for every square
kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
ETYMOLOGY: coed y craf (“(the)
wood (of) the ramsons”)
(coed = wood) + (y definite article) + (craf ramsons, Allium
ursinum)
NOTE: A feature of northern Welsh is the loss of a final [v] in monosyllables.
Although this is to be seen all over Wales in the word tref > tre (nowadays
= town; home), in the south the –f is generally retained. Other examples from
the north are gof > go (smith), haf > ha (summer).
Hence Coed-y-craf >
Coed-y-cra
(delwedd 7009)
The standard Welsh name for Allium ursinum
is craf y geifr “(the) garlic (of) the goats”
:_______________________________.
Coed y Geifr ‹koid ə gei-vir›
1
name of a wood in the parish of Rowlston, Herefordshire, England
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) wood (of) the goats”) (coed
= wood) + (y = the) + (geifr = goats, plural of gafr = goat)
:_______________________________.
Coed-y-glyn ‹koid ə
glin ›
1
house name, street name
Street name in
..a/ Baecolwyn (Conwy)
..b/ Gellilydan, Blaenauffestiniog (Gwynedd)
..c/ Glynceiriog, Llangollen (Dinbych)
..d/ Llanberis (Conwy)
..e/ Llandudno (Conwy)
..f/ Cegidfa / Guilsfield (Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) wood (of) the valley / glen”) (coed = wood) + (y = the)
+ (glyn = valley)
:_______________________________.
Coed-y-go ‹koid ə
goo›
1 locality in Croesoswallt (Oswestry), in the county of Shropshire,
England
ETYMOLOGY: “coed y gof” (“(the) wood (of) the blacksmith”) (coed = wood) + (y = the) + (gof = smith,
blacksmith).
In north Wales a final ‹v› is lost in many monosyllables, hence gof
> go
See Coed-y-cra above
NOTE: On English maps with the partially Englished spelling Coed-y-Goe
:_______________________________.
Coed-y-maes ‹koid ə
mais›
1 street name in Bangor,
in the county of Gwynedd (“Coed y Maes”)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) wood (of) the field”, “field wood”
(coed = wood) + (y = definite article) + (maes = field)
:_______________________________.
Coed y Milwr ‹koid ə mî-lur›
1 (lost name?) wood in
Caer-dydd, according to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’
(1889-1911)
“COED-Y-MILWR (the soldiers’ wood.) North-east of Pen-y-lan.”
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) wood (of) the soldier”) (coed = wood) + (y = the)
+ (milwr = soldier)
:_______________________________.
Coed y Mynach
‹koid ə mə-nakh›
1 Capel Coed y Mynach ‘(the) chapel (of) Coed y Mynach’ SO3402
Village 4km northwest of Brynbuga (county of Mynwy). English name: Monkswood
ETYMOLOGY: ‘(the) wood (of) the monk’, (coed
= wood) + (y = definite article) + (mynach = monk)
:_______________________________.
Coed y Parlment
‹koid ə parl
-ment› (;;m;;)
1 Place name (= “parliament wood”) in Caer-dydd, noted by John
Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911)
(“COED-Y-PARLMENT (parliament wood.) On the Pant-bach brook in the parish of
Llanedern, on the northern municipal boundary of Cardiff”)
ETYMOLOGY: (coed = wood) + (y = definite article) + (parlament, variant of parlament = parliament)
:_______________________________.
coegfalch ‹koig -valkh› adjective
1 proud, conceited, vain
wedi eich gwisgo yn goegfalch
dressed in showy clothes
ETYMOLOGY: (coeg = blind; vain) +
soft mutation + (balch = proud)
:_______________________________.
coegfalchder ‹koig- valh -der› masculine
noun
1 vanity
ETYMOLOGY: (coeg = blind; vain) +
soft mutation + (balchder = pride)
:_______________________________.
coel, coelion
‹KOIL, KOIL yon› (f)
1 belief, credence
2
symbol, sign
See coelbren (= piece of wood or
board with an inscription on it, symbolboard)
:_______________________________.
coelbren ‹koil
-bren› m
PLURAL coelbrenni,
coelbrennau ‹koil- bre
-ni, -ne›
1
ŷ = an object used in a method of making a fair choice, such as a short
straw pulled at random from a number of longer straws; the straws are in the
hand so that all seem to be of the same length.
2
fate, ŷ, destiny
arno ef y syrthiodd y goelbron the ŷ
fell on him
3 (obsolete) balŷ = little ball originally used in a secret
vote
4 chance
Diarhebion 18:18 Y coelbren a wna i
gynhennau beidio, ac a athrywyn rhwng cedyrn.
Proverbs 18:18 The ŷ causeth contentions to cease, and parteth between the
mighty.
i.e. casting a ŷ puts an end to arguments, and decides where there are
powerful contenders
5 piece of wood or board with an inscription on it, symbolboard
Coelbren y Beirdd “symbolboard of
the poets” a runic alphabet invented by Iolo Morganwg (1747-1826) which he
maintained was in use by the early Welsh and had survived until his day in
Morgannwg
An example of the alphabet is to be seen in this illustration from the front
page of the magazine Y Celt, from the 1880s.
It reads: Hu Gadarn yn Arwain y Cymry i Ynys Prydain
(Hu Gadarn leading the
Welsh to the Island of Britain)
(delwedd 7508)
6 bwrw’ch coelbren ymysg.... throw in
your ŷ with
Dywedir iddo fod yn weinidog ar eglwys o
Fedyddwyr yn Sir Benfro, ond iddo, wrth wrando Howel Harries, benderfynu bwrw
ei goelbren i fysg y Diwygwyr It is said that he was the minister of a
church made up of Baptists in Penfro county but that after hearing Howel
Harries he decided to throw in his ŷ with the Revivalists
7
trwy goelbren by ŷ, by means of
drawing ŷs
rhennid y comin glas trwy goelbren
the common was shared out by ŷ, was divided up by choosing the short straw
ETYMOLOGY: (coel = belief) + soft
mutation + (pren = wood)
:_______________________________.
coelcerth ‹koil -kerth› feminine
noun
PLURAL coelcerthi
‹koil-ker-thi›
1 bonfire = large fire
built up in order to celebrate come event
y goelcerth = the bonfire
cynnau coelcerth light a bonfire
gwneud coelcerth make a bonfire
2 (formerly) bonfire on Nos
Galan Mai (festival heralding the advent of the summer half of the year,
now the night of April 30 - May 1) or on Nos
Galan Gaeaf (festival to herald the winter half of the year, now the night
of November 30 - October 1)
3 bonfire = large fire built up in order to serve as a signal
4 bonfire = fire to burn rubbish
gwneud coelcerth o make a bonfire of
A pha waeth gennyf fi os bydd y plant yn
gwneud coelcerth o’m dyddiaduron ar ôl i mi gau fy llygaid? And what do I
care if my children make a bonfire of my diaries after I die (‘close my eyes’)?
5 coelcerth angladdol
funeral pyre
ETYMOLOGY: (coel = omen) + (certh = certain, sure), i.e. ‘sure
sign, certain omen’; The word certh
comes from British < Latin certus
(= certain)
NOTE: colloquial form: coelceth
(loss of the ‘r’), and coelcath in
the ‘a’ zones
:_______________________________.
coelcerthu ‹koil-ker-thi› verb
1 incinerate, throw onto the fire, make a bonfire of
Dylid coelcerthu pob copi o'r cylchgrawn
hwnnw
Every copy of that magazine should be thrown onto the fire
ETYMOLOGY: (coelcerth = bonfire) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
coelio ‹KOIL
yo› (verb)
1 believe
Coelia fi Believe me
Coelia di fi Believe me
Coeliwch fi Believe me
Coeliwch chi fi Believe me
:_______________________________.
coes ‹kôis› feminine
noun
PLURAL coesau ‹koi-se›
1 leg = limb of an animal
or insect
y goes = the leg
eistedd â’ch coesau o boptu’r gadair
straddle the chair
2 leg of an animal as food
coes cyw chicken leg
coes ffowlyn chicken leg
coes eidion leg of beef
coes gwedder leg of mutton
coes oen leg of lamb
3 estyn eich coesau (1)
stretch one’s legs, go for a walk; (2) stretch one’s legs, extend legs which
are stiff
4 codi’ch coes (dog) lift
up its leg, to urinate
Cododd y ci ei goes ar bostyn y giât
The dog lifted its leg up on the gate post, urinated on the gate post
5 leg = branch of something forked e.g. compasses (pair of
compasses)
6 coesen, coesgyn (qv) = stem of a plant
7 various names for a wooden leg:
coes bren (“leg (of) wood”) i.e.
wooden leg
coes glec (“leg (of) click, clack
(noise)”) i.e. a leg that goes clack, clack, clack
coes gorcyn (“leg (of) cork”) i.e.
cork leg
8 coes osod artificial leg,
replacement leg (“leg (of) putting”, gosod
= to put)
9 cymryd y goes to run
off, to run away (“to take the leg”)
10 sefyll ar un goes
stand on one leg
11 Does ganddi yr un goes i
sefyll arni
She hasn’t got a leg to stand on = there is no argument in her favour, her
explanations or excuses are not credible
12 North Wales yr hen goes > rhen goes (address), old girl
Paid â gwylltio, rhen goes - jôc oedd hi
don’t lose your temper, old girl - it was a joke
13 ungoes one-leggčd
bwrdd ungoes (North), bord ungoes (South) pedestal table
14 coesgam (obsolete)
bow-legged, bandy-legged
(coes = leg) + soft mutation + (cam = crooked)
15 ungoes ‹in-gois› one-leggčd (un =
un) + soft mutation + ( coes = leg)
Also: un goes ‹iin gois›
dyn ungoes one-leggčd man
dyn un goes one-leggčd man
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh coes < coys < coghs < *kogs- <
British *koksa < Latin coxa
Cf English cushion:
Latin coxa > Vulgar Latin *coxînus hip pillow > Old French coussin > English cushion
:_______________________________.
2 coes, coesau ‹KOIS,
KOI se› (masculine noun)
1 handle
2 coes matshen ‹kois MA chen› matchstick
3 coes bach “little handle” (north-east) penis
:_______________________________.
coesgam ‹ber-gam
› adjective
1 bandy-leggčd, bow-leggčd
ETYMOLOGY: (coes = leg) + soft
mutation + (cam = crooked)
:_______________________________.
coet- <KOIT> [ˡkɔɪt]
1
form of coed (= wood) before b, d,
ff, g, *gh, h in compound words
coeta (= cóed-ha) gather firewood (-ha = suffix)
coetgae (= cóed-gae) field bounded
by a hedge (cae = field)
coetgen (= cóed-gen) tree lichen (cen = lichen)
coetgi (= cóed-gi) (obsolete) wild
dog (ci = dog)
coetir (= cóed-dir) woodland (tir = land)
coetref (= cóed-dref) farmstead in a
wood (tref = farmstead)
coetrych (= “cóed-gh’rych” <
“cóed-ghwrych”) hedge around a field (gwrych
= hedge)
coetwch (= cóed-hwch) wild sow;
slut, tramp (hwch = sow)
coety (= cóed-dy) house in the wood;
building in which firewood is kept (ty =
house)
:_______________________________.
coeten <KOI-ten> [ˡkɔɪtɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL coetennau, coetiau, coets <koi-TE-nai,
-e; KOIT-yai, -e; KOITS> [kɔɪtˡɛnaɪ, -ɛ; ˡkɔɪtjaɪ,
-ɛ; kɔɪts]
1 quoit =
wooden ring or iron ring used in the game of quoits, where a ring is thrown at
a small post in the ground with the intention of making it land round the post
ETYMOLOGY: (coet = English “quoit”)
+ (-en = noun suffix, sometimes used
in adapting English words into Welsh)
:_______________________________.
coetga <KOIT-ga> [ˡkɔɪtga] masculine noun
1 The south-eastern form of coetgae which becomes colloquially coeca
/ coica
coetga > coeca / coica <KOI-ka> [ˡkɔɪka]
:_______________________________.
coetgae <KOIT-gai,
-ge> [ˡkɔɪtgaɪ,
-ɛ] masculine noun
PLURAL coetgaeau
<koit-GEI-ai,
-e> [kɔɪtˡgəɪaɪ, -ɛ]
1 (obsolete) hedge
2 field = field enclosed with a wooden fence or with hedges
p. 408 Enclósure s. [ground enclosed, &c.] Cae, coetgae...
1828: English-Welsh Dictionary, Rev. John Walters, Rector of Llandough,
Glamorganshire (Volume 1, Third edition).
(delwedd
7545a)
...........................................
pp. 468-9 Field s. [a piece of ground for tillage, or for pasture] Maes,
maes-dir; cau-faes, cae; coetgae.
1828: English-Welsh Dictionary, Rev. John Walters, Rector of Llandough,
Glamorganshire (Volume 1, Third edition).
(delwedd
7547a)
...........................................
p. 577 A place hedged in with stakes, &c. Coetgae...
1828: English-Welsh Dictionary, Rev. John Walters, Rector of Llandough,
Glamorganshire (Volume 1, Third edition).
(delwedd
7546a)
...........................................
p. 614 An impáled piece of ground, Coet-gae.
1828: English-Welsh Dictionary, Rev. John Walters, Rector of Llandough,
Glamorganshire (Volume 1, Third edition).
(delwedd
7544a)
...........................................
A 1757 reference to a place known as Coetia’r Maen (“the field of the standing
stone”) states – Coettia’r Maen is Coedgae, a field enclosed with poles.
3 (South-east Wales) rough mountain pasture for sheep
Iolo Morganwg (Edward Williams, 1747-1826) “Coedcae...
a large field, a large fence[d] sheepwalk on Down or Mountain ground, Blaenau
Morg.”
(Blaenau Morgannwg = upper Glamorganshire, northern Glamorganshire)
(Example from Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary of the
Welsh Language, p. 534)
(delwedd G3947)
Place Names in the Aman Valley and Neighbourhood
Considered Alphabetically. Rev. E. Aman Jones, B.A., New Quay, Card.)
COEDCAE. Coed = wood; cae = field. There is, however, one
peculiar use of the word for the term which deserves notice. on every farm,
especially those that border on the mountain land, there is a field which lies
next to the Common and which seems to have greater affinity to it than to the
farm. It looks like land reclaimed at a later period from the waste ground.
This piece of ground is called "Coedcae." In no instance do I know of
a "Coedcae" that has any trees on it.
(Also as “A Few Place-Names In The Aman Valley
Considered Alphabetically” in The Carmarthenshire Antiquary 1910-11.)
4
deer park
In 1657 it is said to be “a Parke or enclosed place for wilde beasts.”
A reference from c1785 in defining the word “parc” states: yr un ystyr a
Choetgae, neu Hyddbarc, wrth Dy Gwr mawr (the same meaning as ‘coetgae’ or
‘hyddbarc’ (= deer park), by the house of a gentleman (“of a big man”)
(Examples from Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary of
the Welsh Language, p. 534)
5 (place names) Coetgae
is found in minor names.
It is found over much of Wales (in various forms), but it is especially common
in the south-east.
Coetgae is often misspelt as ‘Coedcae’, and ‘Coed Cae’.
Because the word is absent from popular dictionaries, and because it seems to
have fallen into disuse in current Welsh, the misspelling “coed cae” for coetgae
is often taken at face value in explaining its meaning.
As a result the word is seen wrongly explained as being ‘coed cae’ “(a) wood
(of) (a) field”, “a wood next to a field”) , or as being ‘coed y cae’ (with the
common loss of the linking definite article which occurs in place names) “(the)
wood (of) the field”, “a wood next to a field”, as if it refers to a wood
rather than an enclosure.
In other instances it is taken as referring to an enclosure though “coed cae”
as it stands could not possibly refer to a field, though in the compound word
with the qualifying element (coed) causing soft mutation of the initial
consonant of the qualified element (cae) – coetgae – it is evident that
a wooden fence or hedge, and by extension the enclosure or area bounded by the
fence or hedge – is being referred to.
(I have come across another example (2005-11-19) of a misunderstanding of the
meaning of the word coetgae - the
website for “Coed Cae Junior School” in
the town of Y Blaenau (“Blaina”), in Blaenau Gwent states:
“Our school logo
indicates the English translation for Coed Cae - 'wooded field'“.
The logo is three trees standing
together. http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/gwent2250/
)
(1) Lôn Coecia road name in Llanllyfni, county of Gwynedd;
This is in standard Welsh lôn y coetgae (= (the) lane (of) the field); (see
note below for local pronunciations)
(2) (Y) Coetgae occurs as a field
name in the year 1636 in Llangrallo (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) in the form “Koitga” (see note below for local
pronunciations)
(3) (Y) Coetgae street name, Glynebwy, county of Blaenau
Gwent (spelt as “Coed Cae”).
Also (Y) Coetgae Uchaf (occurs as “Upper
Coedcae”) and (Y) Coetgae Isaf (occurs as “Lower
Coedcae”) - street names in Nant-y-glo
(4) (Y) Coetgae street name, Gelli-gaer
(spelt as “Coedcae”)
(5) (Y) Coetgae street name, Pontardawe
(spelt as “Coedcae”)
(6) (Y) Coetgae street name, Caerffili
(spelt as “Coed Cae”)
(7) (Y) Coetgae street name, Tredegar
Newydd (spelt as “Coed Cae”)
(8) (Y) Coetgae SN7508 locality in the county of
Castell-nedd ac Aberafan
(9) (Y) Coetgae SO2009 locality in the county of Blaenau
Gwent (spelt as “Coedcae”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO2009
map
(10) (Y) Coetgae SO2608 locality in the county of Torfaen (spelt
as “Coedcae”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO2608
(11) (Y) Coetgae place name (now lost) in Caer-dydd (spelt
as “Coed-cae”).
According to John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’
(1889-1911): “COED-CAE... A copyhold tenement in the manor of Llystalybont (our note: = Llys-tal-y-bont)(1673.)”
(12) Penycoetgae ST0687 village
between Pont-ty-pridd and Llantrisant (end of the ‘coetgae’); (spelt
as “Pen-y-coedcae”)
Heol Penycoetgae (“Pen-y-coedcae
Road”)road to this village from the direction of Llantrisant
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST0687
map
(13) Coetgae-du farm by Penycoetgae
(du = black) (spelt as “Coedcae-du”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST0686
map
(14) (Y) Coetgae farm at Werntarw
SS9684 (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (occurs as “Coedcae Farm”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS9684
map
(15) Heol Danycoetgae street in
Pont-ty-pridd (occurs as “Dan-y-Coedcae Road”) (below the ‘coetgae’)
(16) Coetgae-mawr (mawr =
big) A farm on the road called Heol Ddu (‘black road’), near Tonyrefail
(17) Tynycoetgae (the) smallholding
(of) the ‘coetgae’; place in Cefncoedycymer (county of Merthyrtudful)
(8) Y Coetgae SO2103 hill west of Abertyleri (“coetgae”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=183073
Calendar of Deeds and
Documents Volume 1, The Coleman Deeds, Francis Green, 1921, p. 217:
(22-07-1643) Llansamlett, co. Glamorgan… eight parcels of land called Kaer
ffwrndy, Kae cenoll, Kae newydh, Gwayn ynis y pandy, Ynys y pandy vach, Ynys y
pandy vawr, Y koedgae and Y kae dy
(= Cae’r Ffyrndy [Cae’r Ffwrndy],
Cae Canil [Cae Cenol], Cae Newydd, Gwaun Ynys y Pany, Ynys y Pandy Fach, Ynys y
Pandy Fawr, Y Coetgae and Y Cae Du)
ETYMOLOGY: coetgae < cóed-gae (coed = trees, wood (= group of trees);
also (material) wood) + soft mutation + (cae
= hedge; field)
NOTE:
(1) south-east: coetga <KOIT-ga> [ˡkɔɪtga] > coeca / coica <KOI-ka> [ˡkɔɪka]
‹koi-ka›;
(2) north-west coetg(i)a > coecia
<KOIK-ya> [ˡkɔɪkja],
(3) north-east coetg(i)a >
coetia
(4) north-east coetg(i)e
..a) coetg(i)e > coetie
..b) coetg(i)e > cwitie <KWIT-ye> [ˡkwɪtjɛ] (sometimes
written as kwitie in English-language documents)
..c) coetg(i)e > cwetgie <KWET-gye> [ˡkwɛtgjɛ] (sometimes written as kwetkie
in English-language documents)
Alfred Neobard Palmer and Edward Owen, 1910, A
History of Ancient Tenures of Land in North Wales and the Marches Containing
Notes on the Common and Demesne Lands of the Lordship of Bromfield, and of the
parts of Denbighshire and Flintshire adjoining; and Suggestions for the
Identification of such Lands elsewhere: together with an Account of the rise of
the Manorial System in the same Districts
In the lordships of Hope
and Mold one of the commonest generic names for fields is "coetie" or
"coetia," evidently the same word that in old deeds and surveys is
sometimes written "kwitie," and the name is not unknown in Bromfield.
" Kwetkie " (a commoner term in Bromfield) points to
"coed-gae" (wood-field), and indicates that a very large portion of
the land now under the plough was once wooded. As a matter of fact, it occurs
frequently in those areas known to have once contained large tracts of
woodland.
Note: the authors’
interpretation of coetgae (or as they spell it “coed-gae”) is incorrect
– it is not ‘wood field’ but ‘field enclosed by a hedge’.
.............................
Coetia Butler “(the) field (of) Butler” SJ1775 (also known by the English name
Butlersfield) is the name of a former lead and silver mine by Brynffordd /
Brynford (county of Y Fflint)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/30286 map
.............................
Coetia Llys SJ0680 name of a former lead and silver mine in Meliden, by Prestatyn
(county of Y Fflint).
coetia
llys < coetia’r llys (= coetgae’r llys) “(the) field (of) the
court”.
Also known
as Cae Llys < cae’r llys “(the) field (of) the
court”.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/105283 map
.............................
Coetia’r Pwll (former?) locality in Yr Wyddgrug / Mold – name of tenements (“Coetia
Pwll, Coetia y Pwll”) named in an 1867 deed
.............................
Coetia-llwyd “(the) grey / brown field” Name of a house in Llaneurgain / Northop
(county of Y Fflint)
.............................
Coetia Mawr SJ1775 name of a former lead and silver mine by Brynffordd (county of Y
Fflint).
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/sj1775 map
.............................
(delwedd 7233a)
:_______________________________.
Coetgaerfelin
(“Coicarfelin”) <KOIT-gair-VEE-lin,
KOI-kar-VEE-lin> [ˡkɔɪtgaɪr ˡveˑlɪn, ˡkɔɪkar ˡveˑlɪn]
1 street name in Hirwaun
(county of Rhondda Cynon Taf).
The official name is “Cae Felin Parc”, which is in fact an English name, being
‘Cae Felin’ with the addition of English “park”, but spelt as in Welsh for some
reason.
If it were a genuine Welsh name it would be ‘Parc Cae Felin’ (“the park of the
mill field”). It seems that Cae Felin is a simplification of the original
Coetgaerfelin (‘the field / mountain pasture of the mill’), spelt
“Coedcae’rfelin” in “Hanes Plwyf Penderyn” D. Davies 1904 (History of the
Parish of Penderyn).
A list of the early forms is to be seen in “Cynon Valley Place Names”, Deric
John, 1998.
:_______________________________.
Coetgae’r Gaer <KOIT-gair GAIR> [ˡkɔɪtgaɪr ˡgaɪr]
1 (field name) SS9785
upland east of Y Coetgae farm near Y Brynna on which there is a hillfort,
south-east of the ruined church of Llan Bedr ar Fynydd.
The local form would be Coica’r G
r <KOI-kar GÄÄR> [ˡkɔɪkar ˡgćːr]
On old maps the hillfort was marked as Caer Caradog.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/550481
view from Y Gaer
ETYMOLOGY: Appears on maps as Coedcae Gaer (= Coetgae Gaer), with the common
misspelling of coetgae, and the loss of the linking definite article, a
well-known feature of place names.
“the upland pasture by Y Gaer” (coetgae
= upland pasture) + (Y Gaer)
Y Gaer is “the hillfort” (yr definite article) + soft mutation +
(caer = hillfort)
One website dealing with sites connected with Y Brenin Arthur / King Arthur
suggests (accessed 2009-03-03) “Coedcae Gaer may be translated as
Forest of Cai Fort” (i.e. The Fort by Cai’s Forest), but this is incorect,
and the meaning is rather more mundane, as explained above.
:_______________________________.
coetgia <KOIT-gya> [ˡkɔɪtgja] masculine noun
1 An underlying northern form of coetgae, the basis of the colloquial
form coecia <KOI-kya> [ˡkɔɪkja] in the north-west and coetie <KOI-kye> [ˡkɔɪkjɛ] in the north-east
:_______________________________.
coetgie <KOIT-gye> [ˡkɔɪtgjɛ] masculine noun
1 An underlying north-eastern form of coetgae, the basis of the
colloquial form coetie <KOI-kye> [ˡkɔɪkjɛ]
:_______________________________.
coeth <KOITH> [kɔɪθ] (adjective)
1 pure, elegant
:_______________________________.
coetia <KOIT-ya> [ˡkɔɪtja] masculine noun
1 A north-eastern form of coetgae (= field)
coetgae > coetg(i)a > coetia
Alfred Neobard Palmer and
Edward Owen, 1910, A History of Ancient Tenures of Land in North Wales and the
Marches Containing Notes on the Common and Demesne Lands of the Lordship of
Bromfield, and of the parts of Denbighshire and Flintshire adjoining; and
Suggestions for the Identification of such Lands elsewhere: together with an
Account of the rise of the Manorial System in the same Districts
In the lordships of Hope
and Mold one of the commonest generic names for fields is "coetie" or
"coetia," evidently the same word that in old deeds and surveys is
sometimes written "kwitie," and the name is not unknown in Bromfield.
" Kwetkie " (a commoner term in Bromfield) points to
"coed-gae" (wood-field), and indicates that a very large portion of
the land now under the plough was once wooded. As a matter of fact, it occurs
frequently in those areas known to have once contained large tracts of
woodland.
Note: the authors’
interpretation of coetgae (or as they spell it “coed-gae”) is incorrect
– it is not ‘wood field’ but originally ‘hedge’, later ‘field enclosed by a
hedge’, though generally the meaning is simply ‘field’.
.............................
Coetia Butler “(the) field (of) Butler” SJ1775 (also known by the English name
Butlersfield) is the name of a former lead and silver mine by Brynffordd /
Brynford (county of Y Fflint)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/30286 map
.............................
Coetia Llys SJ0680 name of a former lead and silver mine in Meliden, by Prestatyn
(county of Y Fflint).
coetia
llys < coetia’r llys (= coetgae’r llys) “(the) field (of) the
court”.
Also known
as Cae Llys < cae’r llys “(the) field (of) the
court”.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/105283 map
.............................
Coetia’r Pwll (former?) locality in Yr Wyddgrug / Mold – name of tenements (“Coetia
Pwll, Coetia y Pwll”) named in an 1867 deed
.............................
Coetia-llwyd “(the) grey / brown field” Name of a house in Llaneurgain / Northop
(county of Y Fflint)
.............................
Coetia Mawr SJ1775 name of a former lead and silver mine by Brynffordd (county of Y
Fflint).
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/sj1775 map
:_______________________________.
coetian <KOIT-yan> [ˡkɔɪtjan] verb
1 see coetio
:_______________________________.
coetiau <KOIT-yai,
-e> [ˡkɔɪtjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 A plural form of coeten (= quoit)
:_______________________________.
coetiau <KOIT-yai> [ˡkɔɪtjaɪ,] masculine noun
1 A hypercorrect form, sometimes seen in place names, of coetia or coetie,
a north-eastern form of coetgae (= field)
In spoken Welsh, au in a final syllable is reduced to –e (over
most of Wales) and –a (in the north-west and parts of the north-east, and in
the south-east). In place names, it is usually written as in the standard
language (tha is, au, pronounced [aɪ]), even though colloquially it is –a or –e (as in the
town name Dolgellau, which is Dolgella within the town and Dolgelle
in the –e zone which begins to the south of the town; or as in pethau = things,
colloquially petha, pethe).
Coetia / coetie has been taken to be the colloquial pronunciation of a
plural form, and the plural ending –au has been “restored”
:_______________________________.
coetie <KOIT-ye> [ˡkɔɪtjɛ] masculine noun
1 A north-eastern form of coetgae (= field)
coetgae > coetg(i)e > coetie
Alfred Neobard Palmer and
Edward Owen, 1910, A History of Ancient Tenures of Land in North Wales and the
Marches Containing Notes on the Common and Demesne Lands of the Lordship of
Bromfield, and of the parts of Denbighshire and Flintshire adjoining; and Suggestions
for the Identification of such Lands elsewhere: together with an Account of the
rise of the Manorial System in the same Districts
In the lordships of Hope
and Mold one of the commonest generic names for fields is "coetie" or
"coetia," evidently the same word that in old deeds and surveys is
sometimes written "kwitie," and the name is not unknown in Bromfield.
" Kwetkie " (a commoner term in Bromfield) points to
"coed-gae" (wood-field), and indicates that a very large portion of
the land now under the plough was once wooded. As a matter of fact, it occurs
frequently in those areas known to have once contained large tracts of
woodland.
:_______________________________.
coetio <KOIT-yo> [ˡkɔɪtjɔ] verb
1 play quoits
ETYMOLOGY: (coet- from coeten = quoit) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: also coetian, with the suffix -ian instead of -io
:_______________________________.
coetir <KOI-tir> [ˡkɔɪtɪr] masculine noun
PLURAL coetiroedd
<koi-TII-roidh,
rodh> [kɔɪˡtiˑrɔɪđ, -ɔđ]
1 woodland
Mae rhaid ehangu’r coetir llydandail yng Nghymru
Broadleaved woodland in Wales must be extended
ETYMOLOGY: coetir < coettir < coed·dir < (coed =
wood) + soft mutation + (tir = land)
:_______________________________.
coetiwr <KOIT-yur> [ˡkɔɪtjʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL coetwyr
<KOIT-wir> [ˡkɔɪtwɪr]
1 player of quoits,
quoits player
ETYMOLOGY: (coet-i, stem of the verb
coetio = play quoits) + (-wr ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
coetref (coetre) <KOI-trev, KOI-e> [ˡkɔɪtrɛv,
ˡkɔɪtrɛ] feminine noun
PLURAL coetrefi <koi-TREE-vi> [kɔɪˡtreˑvɪ]
1 tręv / farmstead in a wood,
tręv / farmstead by a wood
y goetref / y goetre the tręv by the wood
ETYMOLOGY: (coed = wood, trees) + soft mutation + (tref =
tręv, farmstead = hedge) > coed-dref > coetref (the sequence d-d
> t)
See Y Goetref (on page G)
:_______________________________.
coetrych <KOIT-rikh> [ˡkɔɪtrɪx] masculine noun
PLURAL (probably) coetrychoedd <koit-RƏKH-oidh,
-odh> [kɔɪtˡrəxɔɪđ,
-ɔđ]
(South Wales)
1 quickset hedge
ETYMOLOGY: coetrych < *coed-gh’rych (coed = wood) +
soft mutation + (g’rych, variant of gwrych = hedge)
:_______________________________.
coetsio <KOITS-yo> [ˡkɔɪtsjɔ] verb
1 play quoits (the
standard form is coetio, or coetian)
clwb coitsio quoiting club, quoits
club
ETYMOLOGY: (coets-i, stem of the
verb coetsio = play quoits) + (-wr ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
coetsiwr <KOITS-yur> [ˡkɔɪtsjʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL coetswyr
<KOITS-wir> [ˡkɔɪtswɪr]
1 player of quoits,
quoits player (the standard form is coetiwr,
plural coetwyr)
ETYMOLOGY: (coets-i, stem of the
verb coetsio = play quoits) + (-wr ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
coetsiws <KOI-chus> [ˡkɔɪʧʊs] masculine noun
1 coach house
ETYMOLOGY: coetsiws < English
“coachhouse”; see -ws
:_______________________________.
coety, coetai
<KOI-ti, KOI-tai> [ˡkɔɪtɪ, ˡkɔɪtaɪ] (masculine noun)
1 house in the wood
:_______________________________.
cof, cofion <KOOV,
KOV-yon> [koːv, ˡkɔvjɔn] (masculine noun)
1 memory; mind
:_______________________________.
coffâd <kof-AAD> [ˡkɔfˡɑːd] masculine noun
1 remembrance
Bu farw heb i neb yn talu teyrnged na rhoi gair o goffad iddo
He died without anybody paying tribute to him or commemorating him (“giving a
word of commemoration to him”)
ETYMOLOGY: (coffáu =
commemorate) + (-âd suffix for forming abstract nouns from verbs with -áu
< -háu)
:_______________________________.
coffadwriaeth ‹ko-fa-DUR-yaith, -yeth› [kɔfaˡdʊrjaɪθ,
-ɛθ] feminine noun
1 remembrance, memory
parchu coffadwriaeth y meirw respect the memory of the dead
o hapus goffadwriaeth fondly remembered (“of happy memory”)
ETYMOLOGY: (coffâd =
commemoration) + (suffix -wriaeth), apparently (-ŵr agent,
from gŵr = man) + (-i-aeth suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
coffáol <ko-FAA-ol> [kɔˡfɑˑɔl] adjective
1 memorial
gwaith coffáol monumental works, place where gravestones are produced;
monumental masons’ (= work place of makers of gravestones and tombs)
ETYMOLOGY: (coffa- stem of coffáu
= commemorate) (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
coffr (“coffor”)
<KOO-for> [ˡkoˑfɔr] masculine or feminine noun
PLURAL coffrau <KO-frai, -e> [ˡkɔfraɪ, -ɛ]
1 coffer = large strong
box for storing money or valuables
y coffer / y goffer = the coffer
2 large box; thing resembling a large box
Ymddangosai’r pren gwely fel coffor neu
gist
The bed frame looked like a coffer or a box
argae coffor coffer dam
coffor dderi oak coffer
coffor te tea chest
3 coffer = exchequer, treasury, funds (also as a plural form: coffrau)
yng nghoffrau'r brenin in the king’s
coffers
Yn y cyfnod canoloesol bu’r coffr
gwladol yn y Berffro
In the medieval period the country’s coffer was in Y Berffro
Mae Llywodraeth yr Ariannin wedi
cyhoeddi nad oes arian ar ôl yn y coffrau
The government of Argentina has announced that there is no money left in the
coffers
4 coffr cryf strongbox
ETYMOLOGY: English coffer <
Middle English coffre < Old
French < Latin cophinus (=
basket) < Greek kóphinos (=
basket).
In modern French coffre (= chest);
les coffres de l’État = the
coffers of State, the treasury
NOTE: also written coffor
:_______________________________.
cofgolofn <koov-GOO-lovn,
koov-go-LOO-von> [koːvˡgɔlɔvn, koːvgɔˡloˑvɔn] feminine noun
PLURAL cofgolofnau
<koov-go-LOV-nai,
-e> [koːvgɔˡlɔvnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 monument = pillar
erected in memory of a person, an event
y gofgolofn = the monument
2 cofgolofn ryfel, PLURAL
cofgolofnau rhyfel <...RƏ-vel,
... HRƏ-vel> [...ˡrəvɛl, ...ˡhrəvɛl] war memorial
ETYMOLOGY: (cof- = memory) + soft
mutation + (colofn = column)
:_______________________________.
cofia <KOV-ya> [ˡkɔvja] (verb)
1 remember! (second-person singular imperative of cofio to
remember)
Cofia mai Dydd Gŵyl Ddewi yw hi heddiw
Remember that today’s Saint David’s Day (“remember that-it-is Saint David’s
Day that-it-is it today”)
2
(literary Welsh) he / she / it remembers / he / she / it will remembers
(third-person singular present-future form of cofio to remember). The
colloquial equivalent is cofiff, cofith
3 Cofiwch Dryweryn
(delwedd 7322)
Cofiwch Dryweryn Remember Tryweryn, slogan painted on walls to exhort Welsh people
to be alert, and not to allow the English to encroach on our lands and destroy
our communities.
This followed the expropriation of land and the destruction of the Welsh
village of Capelcelyn by the English city of Liverpool in order to build a dam
and a lake to supply the city with water.
This was achieved by means of an Act of Parliament which had the backing of the
English members of parliament, and in defiance of the opposition of the Welsh
members (apart from a single Welsh MP who did not vote), and of the great
majority of people in Wales to this takeover of Welsh land.
In all the Welsh owners were dispossessed of 800 acres of land. The lake and
dam were officially inaugurated in 1965.
See the entry Tryweryn
:_______________________________.
cofio <KOV-yo> [ˡkɔvjɔ] (verb)
1 remember, recall = bring something back to the conscious mind
os cofiaf yn iawn if I remember
rightly
os da y cofiaf if I remember rightly
(“if good / well I remember”)
os iawn y cofiaf if I remember
rightly, if my memory serves me well, if my memory's not mistaken
hyd ’galla i gofio as far as I
recall
hyd wyf yn cofio, as far as I recall
2 cofio (rhywun) at (rywun)
greet somebody on behalf of somebody
Cofiwch fi yn garedig ato Give him
my kind regards
3
cofio’ch hun yn gwneud rhywbeth
remember yourself doing sth
rydw i’n fy nghofio fy hun yn canu’r gân
hon bron i ddeugain mlnyedd yn ôl I remember myself singing this song
nearly forty years ago
:_______________________________.
cofiwch <KOV-yukh> [ˡkɔvjʊx] (verb)
1 remember! (second-person plural imperative of cofio to
remember)
2 you remember (second-person plural indicative of cofio to remember)
:_______________________________.
cofiwch chí <KOV-yu-khi> [ˡkɔvjʊxɪ]
1 mind you = in spite of
this
Roedd y rhaglen yn un ddiddorol iawn ac
yn werth ei gweld. Cofiwch chí, roeddwn yn anghytuno’n chwyrn â nifer o bethau
a gafodd eu dweud
The programme was very interesting and worth seeing. Mind you, I strongly
disagreed with a number of things that were said
ETYMOLOGY: cofiwch second-person
plural present-future form of cofio
(= to remember, bear in mind) + pronoun tag chi (= you)
:_______________________________.
cofl <KOVL, KOO-vol> [ˡkɔvl, koˑvɔl] feminine noun
PLURAL coflau
<KOV-lai,
-e> [ˡkɔvlaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 lap, bosom
y gofl = the lap, the bosom
2 embrace
yng nghofl (rhywun) / yng ngôl (rhywun)
in the embrace of (somebody)
côl yng nghôl embracing, in an
embrace (“bosom in bosom”)
3 load, burden
4 South-east Wales côl
(obsolete) foetus
ETYMOLOGY: Unknown, but doubtless < British < Celtic. In Irish there is a
similar word cúal (= burden)
NOTE: Also: côl <KOOL> [koːl] (loss of the consonant <v> [v])
:_______________________________.
coflaid <KOV-laid, -led> [ˡkɔvlaɪd, -ɛd] feminine noun
PLURAL cofleidiau
<kov-LEID-yai,
-ye> [kɔvˡləɪdjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 armful
y goflaid = the armful
coflaid fach a’i gwasgu’n dynn ‘a
little armful and pressed tight’ – advice to carry no more than is manageable,
and securely held
2 coflaid go iawn o load,
loads = large amount
cawsom ni goflaid go iawn o rew ac eira
yr wythnos hon
we had ŷs of snow and ice this week
3 coflaid o ddyn = large
man
llond eich cofliad = large, fat
(‘big your armful’)
Asiantaeth fachu newydd ar gyfer bobl
sy’n llond cowlad ac yn ei chael yn anodd dod o hyd i bartneriaid o’r un
maintioli
An introductions bureau for people who are somewhat large and who find it
difficult to find partners of the same size
4 darling, loved one
ETYMOLOGY: (cofl = lap, bosom) + (-aid, noun-forming suffix indicating
the contents)
NOTE: also: cofled, cowlaid, cowled, cowlad, cowliad
:_______________________________.
coflech <KOV-lekh> [ˡkɔvlɛx] feminine noun
PLURAL coflechau
<kov-LEE-khai,
-e> [kɔvˡleˑxaɪ, -ɛ]
1 memorial tablet,
memorial slate, memorial plaque
y goflech = the memorial tablet
Ar y goflech honno gwelir enw Jenkin
Evans
On that memorial plaque is to be seen the name of Jenkin Evans
Yn y cyntedd tu allan ceir coflechi yn
coffáu myfyrwyr o'r coleg a aeth i
frwydro ac a gollasant eu bywyd yn y ddau ryfel byd
In the lobby outside there are commemorative plaques recalling the students
from the college who went to fight and died in the two world wars
ETYMOLOGY: (cof = memory) + soft
mutation + (llech = slate)
:_______________________________.
cofleidio <kov-LEID-yo> [kɔvˡləɪdjɔ]verb
1 embrace = put one's arms around
cofleidio’r plant a’u cysuro embrace the children and comfort them
ymgofleidio embrace each other
2 embrace = accept willingly or enthusiastically
cofleidio newid embrace change
Mae’r diwydiant adeiladu wedi cofleidio manteision tai ffrâm goed
3 embrace = take up a new idea, a religious faith, a belief, a way of thinking
Diddorol yw ystyried cefndir Iddewig y bardd a'r modd y cofleidiodd Gymreictod
It is
interesting to consider the poet’s Jewish backgraound and the way he embraced
Welshness
(COFLEID- < COFLAID = embrace) + (-i-o suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
cofnod <KOV-nod> [ˡkɔvnɔd] masculine noun
PLURAL cofnodion
<kov-NOD-yon> [kɔvˡnɔdjɔn]
1 note, memorandum
2 entry in a register
Yn ôl cofnod byr yng nghofrestr
claddedigaethau Plwyf Conwy ar gyfer y flwyddyn 1895....
According to a short entry in the register of burials for the Parish of Conwy
for the year 1895....
cofnod troseddau police record,
criminal record
3 cofnodion records;
cofnodion treth tax records,
documents indicating the tax one has paid
4 cofnodion minutes (of a
meeting);
cofnodion y pwyllgor minutes of the
committee (meeting)
llyfr cofnodion minute book
5 record = official written account to preserve opinions expressed, a course of
events, etc
Mae gwefan y Cynulliad Cenedlaethol yn rhoi cofnod llawn o drafodion y
cyfarfodydd
The website of the
National Assemble gives a full record of the discussions of the meetings
ETYMOLOGY: (cof = memory) + (nod = note)
:_______________________________.
cofnodi <kov-NOO-di> [kɔvˡnoˑdɪ] verb
1 note = make a record of the occurrence of something
Edrychais yn ofer mewn sawl
geiriadur am y gair “bosh” a dim ond ar ôl cael fy nghyfeirio at eiriadur
arbenigol ar dafodiaith Morgannwg a Gwent y daeth y gair i’r fei. Fe’i
cofnodwyd yn... Hengoed....; Llangan, ym Mro Morgannwg; Penderyn, ger
Merthyr....
I looked in vain in many dictionaries for the word “bosh” and only after being
referred to a specialised dictionary on the dialect of Morgannwg and Gwent did
the word come to light. It was recorded in Hengoed; Llan-gan, in Bro Morgannwg;
Penderyn, near Merthyr.... (Cymro 01 11 89)
Mae'n ofyniad cyfreithiol i gofnodi damweiniau ac afiechyd
yn y gweithle
It is a legal obligtation
to make a record of accents and illness in the workplace
2 (court) record = place in an official report of court proceedings
Cofnodwyd rheithfarn o hunanladdiad
ar y claf
A verdict of suicide was recorded for the patient
3 record = indicate
Mae’r peiriant yn cofnodi swm y dŵr
mewn pridd
The device indicates the amount of water in the soil
4 mewngofnodi (computers)
log in
5 mark, commemorate
seremoni i gofnodi gosod carreg
sylfaen Sefydliad y Glowyr Oakdale yn 1916
a ceremony to mark the laying of the foundation stone for the Miners’ Institute
in Oakdale in 1916
6 check in (luggage)
desg gofnodi check-in desk
ETYMOLOGY: (cofnod = note) + (-i suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
cofnodiad <kov-NOD-yad> [kɔvˡnɔdjad] masculine noun
PLURAL cofnodiadau
<kov-nod-YAA-dai, -e> [kɔvnɔdˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 note, record
ETYMOLOGY: (cofnod-, stem of the
verb cofnodi = to note) + (-iad suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
cofnodwr <kov-NOO-dur> [kɔvˡnoˑdʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL cofnodwyr
<kov-NOD-wir> [kɔvˡnɔdwɪr]
1 notetaker, person who
registers information
cofnodwr adar y sir county bird recorder
2 person who takes the
minutes in a meeting
ETYMOLOGY: (cofnod-, stem of the
verb cofnodi = to note) + (-wr suffix to indicate an agent)
:_______________________________.
cofnodydd <kov-NOO-didh> [kɔvˡnoˑdɪđ] masculine noun
PLURAL cofnodyddion
<kov-no-DƏDH-yon> [kɔvnɔˡdəđjɔn]
1 device which keeps an
account of transactions
cofnodydd arian cash register = till
which records money placed into it and
prints a receipt with purchases listed
2 See cofnodwr
ETYMOLOGY: (cofnod-, stem of the
verb cofnodi = to note) + (-ydd suffix to indicate an agent)
:_______________________________.
cofrestr, cofrestrau
<KOF-restr, -re-ster, kov-RE-strai, -e> [ˡkɔfrɛstr, ˡkɔfrɛstɛr, kɔvˡrɛstraɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 register
y gofrestr = the register
ETYMOLOGY: (cof = memory) + soft
mutation + (rhestr = list)
:_______________________________.
cofrestredig <kov-res-TREE-dig> [kɔvrɛsˡtreˑdɪg] adjective
1 registrered, recorded
in a register
elusen gofrestredig registered
charity
nyrs gofrestredig state-registered
nurse – a nurse who has been trained to do every kind of nursing and who has
passed the required examinations
ETYMOLOGY: (cofrestr-, root of cofrestru = to register) + (-edig)
:_______________________________.
cog, cogau <KOOG,
KOO-gai, -e> [ˡkoːg, ˡkoˑgaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 cuckoo
y gog = the cuckoo
Allt-y-gog ‹alht-ə-GOOG› [aɬt ə ˡgoːg] Street
name in the town of Caerfyrddin
“(the) hill / wood (of) the cuckoo”
(allt = hill / wood) + (y
definite article) + soft mutation + (cog
= cuckoo)
Pant-y-gog ‹pant-ə-GOOG› [pant ə ˡgoːg] Village
south of Pontcymer, Cwm Garw, Pwn-y-bont ar Ogwr
Here there is a street called “Cuckoo Street”, which in Welsh would be Heol
y Gog “(the) street (of) the cuckoo”,”cuckoo street”
“(the) hollow (of) the cuckoo”, “cuckoo hollow”
(pant = hollow) + (y definite
article) + soft mutation + (cog =
cuckoo)
Sain-y-gog SH4172 Name of a house in Capel-mawr, Ynys Môn
“(the) sound (of) the cuckoo”. Misspelt as “Sain-y-Gôg” on the Ordnance Survey
map (there should be no capitalisation in a compound name; and no circumflex is
required to indicate the long “o”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=335253
2
Ffynnon y Gog ‹FƏ-non-ə-GOOG› [ˡfənɔn ə ˡgoːg] ‘cuckoo well’. Places of this name are in fact misinterpretations of
‘Ffynnon Gog’ < ‘Ffynnon Goeg’ = dry well.
The adjective coeg <KOIG [kɔɪg] is pronounced co’g <KOOG> [koːg] colloquially in the
south. This change <OI> [ɔɪ] > <OO> [oː] is typical in monosyllables
in the south
3 suran y gog common wood sorrel ‹SII-ran ř GOOG › (m)
(“sorrel (of) the cuckoo”)
(suran = sorrel, ‘little sour
(thing)’) + (y = the) + soft mutatio + (cog = cuckoo)
Suran-y-gog street name in Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg) (spelt ‘Suran-y-Gog’)
(delwedd 7908)
4 blodyn y gog (Cardamine pratensis) cuckoo flower
(blodyn = flower) + (y = the) + soft mutation + (cog =
cuckoo)
Blodyn-y-gog street name in Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg) (spelt ‘Blodyn y
Gog’)
(delwedd 7914)
:_______________________________.
coginio <ko-GIN-yo> [kɔˡgɪnjɔ] (verb)
1 to cook
:_______________________________.
coica <KOI-ka> [ˡkɔɪka] (m)
1 See coeca (south-eastern form of coetgae, enclosed
upland pasture)
Excerpt from a comment
(retrieved 2008-10-18) in the forum at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southeast/sites/walks/pages/twmbarlwm.shtml
BBC South-east Wales Walks: Pant yr Eos / Twm Barlwm
How many people were on Twmbarlwm before me who are still
going? My grandfather George Morton who farmed the Darran Farm carried me
before I could walk along the top of the Darran Rocks and I was able to point
out later on, when I grew a bit the large rock along the coiker where we rested.
On that occasion I can't claim to have climbed to the tump, but in my youth my
pals and I were always up there always refreshed by the marvellous view. My
most recent climb was last year, not bad for 85!
:_______________________________.
coilan <KOI-LAN> [ˡkɔɪlan] feminine
noun
1 (South Wales) river bank
See coulan
:_______________________________.
coin <KOIN> [kɔɪn]
masculine noun
1 talu i rywun yn ei goin ei hun give somebody tit for tat, give
someone a taste of their own medicine (“pay someone in their own coin”)
2 South-east Wales gwneud coin piwr make a mint, make a
fortune, be raking it in (“make pure coin”)
ETYMOLOGY: English coin < French coin (= die for stamping money) < Latin cuneus (= wedge)
:_______________________________.
coino arian <KOI-no
AR-yan> [ˡkɔɪnɔ ˡarjan] verb
South Wales
1 make a fortune, make a mint, coin it
ETYMOLOGY: “to coin money”; coino =
southern form of coinio (coin < English to coin) + (-io = suffix
for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
coiote <koi-O-te> [kɔɪˡɔtɛ] masculine noun
PLURAL coiotes
<koi-O-tez> [kɔɪˡɔtɛz]
1 coyote = wild dog of
the North American prairies
ETYMOLOGY: English coyote <
Castilian < Nahuatl koyotl
:_______________________________.
cojen <KO-jen> [ˡkɔʤɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL cojis <KO-jis> [ˡkɔʤɪs]
1 (North Wales) cunt
y gojen = the cunt
ETYMOLOGY: ??
NOTE: North-west: cojan
:_______________________________.
col <KOL> [kɔl] masculine noun
PLURAL colion
<KOL-yon> [ˡkɔljɔn]
NOTE: cola (South Wales)
1
beard of corn
gwenith col (North Wales) bearded
wheat (Triticum turgidum)
2
spike, hinge
colfach = hinge (col = spike, hinge ) + soft mutation +
(bach = hook)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < Breton *kolg-
< Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish kolgh
(= point, spike)
From the same Celtic root: Irish colg
(= sword, bristle, beard of corn)
:_______________________________.
cola <KOO-la> [ˡkoˑla]
1
(South Wales) See col (= beard of
corn)
:_______________________________.
colbio <KOLB-yo> [ˡkɔlbjɔ] (verb)
1 beat, hit
2 colbio rhywun yn racs
knock the shit out of somebody, beat somebody into a pulp, give somebody a
severe beating (“beat someone into rags”)
3
colbio â phistol pistol-whip
:_______________________________.
coleg, colegau
<KOO-leg, ko-LEE-gai, -e> [ˡkoˑlɛg, kɔˡleˑgaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 college
2 coleg offeiriadol seminary
3 Coleg
y Trwyn Pres Brasenose College, University of Oxford (“(the) college (of)
the nose (of) brass”)
:_______________________________.
coleg addysg <KOO-leg
AA-dhisk> [ˡkoˑlɛg ˡɑˑđɪsk] (masculine noun)
1 education college (for training treachers)
:_______________________________.
Y Coleg ar y Bryn <ə
KOO-leg ar ə BRIN> [ə ˡkoˑlɛg ar ə ˡbrɪn] (masculine noun)
1 the College on the Hill (name for the university college in
Bangor)
:_______________________________.
coleg diwynyddol
<KOO-leg di-wi-NƏ-dhol> [ˡkoˑlɛg dɪwɪˡnəđɔl] (masculine noun)
1 theological college
:_______________________________.
Y Coleg ger y
Lli <ə KOO-leg ger ə LHII> [ə ˡkoˑlɛg gɛr ə ˡɬiː] (masculine noun)
1 “the College by the Sea” - name for the University College in
Aberystwyth, which overlooks Bae Ceredigion (the bay of Ceredigion)
:_______________________________.
Coleg Madlen <KOO-leg
MAD-len> [ˡkoˑlɛg ˡmadlɛn] masculine noun
1 Magdalen < Móodlin, Móodlən> College,
at the University of Oxford, England
2 Magdalene < Móodlin,
Móodlən> College, at the University of Cambridge, England
ETYMOLOGY: ‘(the) college (of) (Mary) Magdalen’ (coleg = college) + (Madlen
= Magdalen)
:_______________________________.
coleg milwrol
<KOO-leg mi-LUU-rol> [ˡkoˑlɛg mɪˡluˑrɔl] (masculine noun)
1 military college
:_______________________________.
coleg technegol
<KOO-leg tekh-NEE-gol> [ˡkoˑlɛg tɛxˡneˑgɔl] (masculine noun)
1 technical college
:_______________________________.
coleg prifysgol
<KOO-leg pri-VƏ-skol> [ˡkoˑlɛg prɪˡvəskɔl] (masculine noun)
1 university college
:_______________________________.
Coleg yr Iesu
<KOO-leg ər YE-si> [ˡkoˑlɛg ər ˡjɛsɪ] (masculine noun)
1 Jesus College, Oxford, England; college where students from Wales
studied from the Annexation of Wales (1536) onwards
:_______________________________.
colej <KOO-lej> [ˡkoˑlɛj] (masculine noun)
1 (colloquial) college
:_______________________________.
coler, coleri
<KOO-ler, ko-LEE-ri> [ˡkoˑlɛr, kɔˡleˑrɪ] (feminine noun)
1 collar
:_______________________________.
colfach <KOL-vakh> [ˡkɔlvax] masculine noun
PLURAL colfachau
<kol-VAA-khai,
-e> [kɔlˡvɑˑxaɪ, -ɛ]
1
pivot, hinge
tynnu oddi ar ei golfachau unhinge,
pull off its hinges
fe dynnwyd y glwyd oddi ar ei cholfachau
gan y dorf
the gate was pulled off its
hinges by the crowd
ETYMOLOGY: 1800+; (col = spike,
hinge ) + soft mutation + (bach =
hook)
:_______________________________.
colfran <KOL-vran> [ˡkɔlvran] masculine noun
1 (South-west Wales)
curds; cottage cheese
colfran < coulfraen, a southern form
of ceulfraen
(ceul- = penult form of caul = curds) + soft mutation + (braen = rotten, putrid)
South Wales preserves “ou”, an older proununcation of “eu”
NOTE: The a in the final syllable is unusual – in this region of Wales
one would expect ae > e (*coulfren / *colfren)
The reduction of penult diphthong ou > simple vowel o is also
unusual
:_______________________________.
Colin <KOO-lin> [ˡkoˑlɪn] (masculine noun)
1 Colin - man’s name, from English, from Nicholas
:_______________________________.
..1 coll <KOLH> [ˡkɔɬ] adjective
1 lost = no longer to be
found
eiddo coll lost property; also eiddo colledig
2 lost = no longer in contact
hen gyfaill coll long lost friend
3 lost = spiritually doomed, condemned to perdition
enaid coll lost soul
4 lost = not taken advantage of, which cannot be recovered
cyfle coll lost opportunity
5 bod golwg goll ar look
lost (“be (a) lost look on”)
ETYMOLOGY: coll = stem of the verb colli (= to lose)
NOTE: In the south thre is a long vowel in monosyllables ending in –ll; coll <KOOLH> [ˡkoːɬ]
:_______________________________.
..2 coll ‹kolh › masculine noun
PLURAL colliadau ‹kolh-YAA-de›
1 loss
Mae coll y pryfetach hyn yn yr ecosustem leol yn destun pryder
The loss of these insects in the local ecosystem is a cause of concern
2 coll cymeriad loss of one's good name, loss of reputation
(“loss (of) character”)
Coll Gwynfa Paradise Lost
3 defect
Mae rhyw goll arno
He’s a bit odd, there’s something not quite right about him (“there is some
sort of loss / defect on him”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *kold-
from the same British root: Cornish koll (= loss), Breton koll (=
loss),
Irish caill (= loss), Manx coayl (= loss)
:_______________________________.
colled <KO-lhed> [ˡkɔɬɛd] (f)
1 loss
y golled = the loss
2 ar golled at a loss
gwerthu rhywbeth ar golled sell something at a loss
3 torri’ch
colledion cut your losses; to stop doing something which is using up time
or money but producing no advantages in order to avoid more waste of time or
money
:_______________________________.
colledwr ‹ko- lhę
-dur› masculine noun
PLURAL colledwyr ‹ko- lhed -wir›
1 loser
2 lossmaker = organisation that consistently fails to produce a
profit
3 bankrupt = person unable to pay his / her debts (formal Welsh: methdalwr)
ETYMOLOGY: (colled = loss) + (-wr = agent suffix. ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
collen ‹ko
-lhen› feminine noun
PLURAL cyll
‹kilh ›
1 (Corylus avellana)
hazel tree
y gollen the hazel tree
coeden gyll, plural coed cyll another name for the hazel
tree
pren cyll, plural prennau cyll
(South-east) hazel tree
llwyn cyll hazel grove
coed cyll hazel wood
2 cneuen gyll, plural cnau cyll hazel-nut
3 deilen gyll, plural dail cyll hazel-leaf (the leaves were
formerly used by some as a smoking material)
4 collen Ffrengig
(“French hazel-tree / nut-tree”) walnut tree
5 (folk tradition) collen hazel twig, token given to a
rejected lover
6 common in place names:
Cyllgwynion, Y Gyffin, Arfon (“white
hazels”)
Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll the village
called Llanfair by the old township of Pwllgwyngyll (“the pool of the white
hazels”)
7 mapgoll ‹MAP-golh› (f)
(wikipedia): Geum urbanum, wood avens [A-vinz], also known as herb
Bennet, colewort and St. Benedict's herb (Latin herba benedicta), is a
perennial plant in the rose family (Rosaceae), which grows in shady places
(such as woodland edges and near hedgerows) in Europe and the Middle East. From Middle English 1200+ avence < Old French < Medieval
Latin avencia (= a kind of clover)
Wood avens has a ligneous stem which is very tough, and deepish roots
mapgoll = ‘small sprig’ (mab = son; as a prefix sometimes to form
a diminutive) + soft mutation + (goll = hazel trees; young tree,
sapling; twig, sprig) > mabgoll > mapgoll (a cluster with
final -b and initial g, soft mutation of c, is resolved into the
cluster -pg-). Cf mapgainc (= twig, shoot), mapgarn (= inner part of a
hoof), mapgath (= young cat; tomcat), mapgorn (inner part of a cow’s etc horn).
In Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg) there is a modern street with the unusual name of
Trem-mapgoll (spelt as Trem Mapgoll) which ought to be ‘Tremyfapgoll’ - trem y
fapgoll ‘(the) view (of) the wood avens’ (trem = view) + (y = the) +
soft mutation + (mapgoll = wood avens)
However, if the name was taken from the William Owen-Pughe dictionary (1803)
the meaning given there is ‘poppy’.
(delwedd 7016)
8 30:37 A Jacob a gymerth iddo wiail gleision o boplys, a chyll, a
ffawydd; ac a ddirisglodd ynddynt ddirisgliadau gwynion, gan ddatguddio’r gwyn
yr hwn ydoedd yn y gwiail.
30:37 And Jacob took him rods of green poplar,
and of the hazel and chestnut tree; and pilled white streaks in them, and made
the white appear which was in the rods.
According to wikipedia,
the word ‘luz’ which appears in Genesis 30:37 is sometimes translated as
“hazel” but may actually be derived from the Aramaic word ‘luz’ meaning almond.
Some modern English Bibles translate it as almond, such as the New
International Version (NIV) (1978)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < Breton < Celtic *kosl-
From the same British root: Cornish koll
(= hazel trees)
From the same Celtic root: Irish coll (= hazel tree)
Cf Occitan (Val d'Aran) cňila (=
young hazel twigs for making baskets)
:_______________________________.
Collen ‹KO
lhen› (feminine noun)
1 saint’s name (literally: hazel tree)
2 Llangollen - church of Collen
:_______________________________.
colli ‹KO
lhi› (verb)
1 to lose
2
mentro colli risk defeat
3 colli’ch bywyd lose
your life
colli’ch einioes lose your life
4 mynd i berygl colli
risk defeat, run the risk of losing
5 colli golwg ar lose
touch with somebody
6 colli awydd bwyd lose your appetite
7 mynd i golli (custom, practice) die
out
8 colli
amser lose time
heb golli gormod o amser without spending too much time (doing it)
Carwn eu gweled, os gallaf, ar fy nhaith
tua Chymru, heb golli gormod o amser.
I’d like to see them, if I can, on my way to Wales, without losing too much
time
9 Rhy lawn, a gyll Grasp
all, lose all (“too full, he will-lose”)
10 lladd yr iâr a cholli’r
cywion to kill the goose that lays the golden eggs (“kill the hen and lose
the chicks”) – through greed, wanting everything at once, to destroy a source
of wealth
11 colli golwg ar (rywbeth / rywun)
1 lose sight of (something / someone); 2 lose touch with somebody
:_______________________________.
collwr,
collwyr ‹KO lhur, KOLH wir› (masculine noun)
1 loser
collwr gwael bad loser, sore loser,
person who cannot accept defeat or loss
collwr sâl bad loser, sore loser,
person who cannot accept defeat or loss
:_______________________________.
colofn,
colofnau ‹KO lo von, ko LOV ne› (feminine noun)
1 column = vertical structure
y golofn = the column
2 column = military formation, one unit following another, line of
soldiers in short rows (eg four across)
colofn fesul pedwar column of four
(“four by four”, “[with the] measure [of] four”)
ar flaen y golofn leading the column
:_______________________________.
colomen ‹ko-lo-men› feminine
noun
PLURAL colomennod
‹ko-lo-me-nod›
1 Ornithology dove = bird of the Columbidae family, a kind of pigeon
y golomen = the dove
2 pigeon = one domesticated for racing, exhibitions, larger than the
wild bird;
colomen ddychwel = homing pigeon (“pigeon (of) returning”) (qv)
3 woman who is well-dressed, but who lives in a house which is dirty
and untidy; an allusion to the attractive plumage of a dove in contrast to its
apparently ramschackle nest and the abundance of droppings in a pigeon colony
hen glomen yn ’i thŷ yw honno
she’s really untidy in her house, her house is a real mess, her house is a tip
(“she is an old pigeon in her house”)
4 ceiliog colomen male
pigeon, cock pigeon (“cock (of) pigeon”)
colomen wryw male pigeon, cock
pigeon (“pigeon + male”)
5 iâr golomen female
pigeon, hen pigeon (“hen (of) pigeon”)
colomen fenyw female pigeon, hen
pigeon (“pigeon + female”)
6 comparisons:
.....(1) mor ffyddlon â cholomen i’w
chell (“as faithful as a dove to its niche”)
.....(2) mor ddiniwed â’r golomen as
innocent as a lamb (“as innocent as the dove”)
Edrychai Twmi mor ddiniwed a’r golomen,
ond dywedid fod nid ychydig o gyfrwysder y sarff ganddo hefyd ‘S Lawer Dydd
/ W. Llewelyn Williams / 1929 / tudalen 39
Tom looked as innocent as a lamb but it was said that there was a bit of the of
the slyness of a snake with him too (“not ‹just› a bit of the slyness of a snake...”)
7 cwb colomennod (colloquially cwb c’lomennod) pigeon coop, cage for
keeping pigeons
ras golomennod pigeon race
bridiwr colomennod pigeon fancier,
pigeon breeder
cymdeithas cadw colomennod pigeon
club, pigeon fanciers’ club (“association (of) keeping pigeons”)
8 y Golomen, the Dove =
the manifestation of the Holy Ghost; a symbol of the Holy Ghost
Ioan 1:32 Ac Ioan a dystiolaethodd, gan
ddywedyd, Mi a welais yr Ysbryd yn disgyn megis colomen, o’r nef...
John 1:32 And John bare record, saying, I saw the Spririt descending from
heaven like a dove...
9 dove = emblem of peace (from the Bible - the dove sent from the
ark by Noah Genesis 8:8 - 8:12)
Genesis 8:11 A’r golomen a ddaeth ato ef
ar brynhawn; ac wele ddeilen olewydden yn ei gylfin hi, wedi ei thynnu
Genesis 8:11 And the dove came in to him in the evening; and, lo, in her mouth
was an olive leaf pluckt off
10 tarfu’r colomennod to
set the cat among the pigeons, to flutter the dovecots, to cause a stir, do or
say something which causes some disturbance or panic (“to disturb the pigeons”)
11 griddfan fel colomen
mourn as a dove
Eseia 38:14 Megis garan neu wennol,
felly trydar a wneuthum; griddfenais megis colomen; fy llygaid a ddyrchafwyd i
fyny; O Arglwydd, gorthrymwyd fi; esmwythâ arnaf
Isaiah 38:14 Like a crane ‹or› a swallow, so did I chatter: I did mourn as a dove: mine eyes fail ‹with
looking› upward: O Lord, I am
oppressed; undertake for me.
12 Llwynygolomen street
name in Cwmrhydyceirw (county of Abertawe)
(“the) wood (of) the dove”)
NOTE: colloquially the vowel is lost between c and l
colomen > c’lomen / clomen ‹klo-men›
plural: colomennod > c’lomennod / clomennod ‹klo-me-nod›
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh (colom) + (-en);
colom < British *kolomm- < Latin *colomba < columba;
In the other British languages: Cornish kolommenn
(= dove), Breton koulm (= dove)
:_______________________________.
colomen ddychwel
‹ko-lo-men
dhəch-wel› feminine
noun
PLURAL colomennod
dychwel ‹ko-lo-
me -nod dəkh-wel›
1 homing pigeon, pigeon
trained to return to its pigeon loft when released away from its neighbourhood
(“pigeon (of) returning”)
:_______________________________.
colomendwll ‹ko-lo-men-dulh› masculine
noun
PLURAL colomendyllau
‹ko-lo-men- də
-lhe›
1 pigeonhole (in a
dovecot)
ETYMOLOGY: “dove-hole” (colomen =
dove) + soft mutation + (twll =
hole)
NOTE: also twll colomen, plural: tyllau colomen
:_______________________________.
colomendy ‹ko-lo-men-di› masculine
noun
PLURAL colomendai
‹ko-lo-men-dai›
1 dovecot, culverhouse,
columbarium, pigeon loft, pigeon house
ETYMOLOGY: “dove-house” (colomen =
dove) + soft mutation + (tŷ =
house)
:_______________________________.
colomen Fair ‹ko-lo-men vair› feminine noun
PLURAL colomennod
Mair ‹ko-lo-
me -nod mair›
1 streptopelia turtur turtle dove (“dove (of) (the Virgin) Mary”);
standard name: turtur
:_______________________________.
colomen fenyw ‹ko-lo-men ve -niu› feminine noun
PLURAL colomennod
benyw ‹ko-lo-
me -nod be -niu›
1 female pigeon, hen
pigeon (“pigeon + female”)
also: colomen fanw
:_______________________________.
colomen glai ‹ko-lo-men glai› feminine noun
PLURAL colomennod
clai ‹ko-lo-
me -nod klai›
1 clay pigeon = disc of
baked clay - propelled into the air by a machine and used as a shooting target
:_______________________________.
colomen las ‹ko-lo-men laas› feminine noun
PLURAL colomennod
gleision ‹ko-lo-
me -nod glei-shon›
South-east Wales
1 Ornithology: Columba
palumbus wood pigeon (“blue pigeon”);
standard Welsh ysguthan
:_______________________________.
colomen negesi ‹ko-lo-men ne-ge-si› feminine noun
PLURAL colomennod
negesi ‹ko-lo-
me -nod ne-ge-si›
1 carrier pigeon,
messenger pigeon (“pigeon (of) messages”)
:_______________________________.
colomen wryw ‹ko-lo-men u -riu› feminine noun
PLURAL colomennod gwryw
‹ko-lo- me
-nod gu -riu›
1 male pigeon, cock
pigeon (“pigeon + male”)
:_______________________________.
colomen wyllt ‹ko-lo-men wilht› feminine noun
PLURAL colomennod
gwyllt, colomennod gwylltion ‹ko-lo- me -nod gwilht, gwəlht-yon›
1 Ornithology: Columba oenas
= stock dove (“wild dove”)
:_______________________________.
colomen y graig ‹ko-lo-men ə graig› feminine noun
PLURAL colomennod
y graig ‹ko-lo-
me -nod ə graig›
1 Ornithology: Columba livia = rock dove (“dove (of) the rock”)
:_______________________________.
Colunwy ‹ko-LIIN-ui›
1
Clun SO3080, a town in Shropshire, on Afon
Colunwy / the River Clun
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/652850
Colunwy / Clun; map
(delwedd 7432)
ETYMOLOGY: ??
:_______________________________.
coluro ‹ko- li
-ro› verb
1
colour, paint
2
c’luro yn rub against
Paid â chluro yn y wal 'na! Don’t
rub against that wall
3
conceal, cloak in secrecy
4
coluro’ch wyneb make up your face
Brenhinoedd-2 9:30 A phan daeth Jehu i
Jesreel, Jesebel a glybu hynny, ac a golurodd ei hwyneb, ac a wisgodd yn wych
am ei phen, ac a edrychodd trwy ffenestr
Kings-2 9:30 And when Jehu was come to Jezreel, Jezebel heard of it; and she
painted her face, and tired her head, and looked out at a window.
eich coluro’ch hun to put on make-up
Fe’i colurodd ei hun o flaen drych y
bwrdd ymbincio
She made herself up in front of the morror on the dressing table
ETYMOLOGY: (colur = color / colour )
+ (-o suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: colloquial form: coluro > c’luro
:_______________________________.
colurwr ‹ko- li
-rur› m
PLURAL colurwyr
‹ko- lir -wir›
1
make-up man
ETYMOLOGY: (colur- stem of coluro = put on make up) + (-wr = agent suffix. 'man')
:_______________________________.
colurwraig ‹ko- lir
-wraig, ko-li-reg› m
PLURAL colurwragedd
‹ko-lir- wrâ
-gedh›
1
make-up woman
ETYMOLOGY: (colur- stem of coluro = put on make up) + (-wraig = agent suffix. 'woman')
:_______________________________.
Colwyn ‹KOL
win› (feminine noun)
1 river in the north-west
ETYMOLOGY: colwyn (obsolete) = puppy, young dog
:_______________________________.
comander ‹ko-
man -der› m
PLURAL comanderiaid
‹ko-man-der-yed›
1 (navy) commander = rank above lieutenant commander but below captain
Also is-gapten = (navy) commander
2
asgell-gomander wing commander =
rank below group captain in the English Air Force (RAF)
3 (obsolete) high-ranking member in a knightly order
Modern Welsh has pennaeth in this
sense
Cemais Comawndwr ‹ke
-mes ko-maun-dur› village in the county of
Mynwy (Gwent)
(“[the] Cemais [which is land administered by a] Commander”)
In earlier Welsh Cemais Cymawndwr
The church here and its lands were at one time
a possession or “commandery” of the Knights
Templars (a commandery is
land belonging to an Order of Knights supervised by a Commander).
Hence the name - ‘the “Cemais” of the Commander’ (to distinguish it from other
parishes in Wales with the name Cemais)
English name: Kemeys Commander
ETYMOLOGY: comander < English commander, comawndwr < Middle
English commandour < Middle
French commandeor (command- + agent suffix -eor). Command- < Latin (com- = intensive prefix) + (manâre = entrust, command)
Or possibly into Welsh directly from Middle French commandeor, and not via
English
(Modern French commandeur - rank in
the Légion d’Honneur)
:_______________________________.
cómedi ‹KO me
di› (masculine noun)
1 comedy
ETYMOLOGY: English comedy
:_______________________________.
comfforddus ‹kom
FORDH is› (adj)
1 comfortable
A variant in spoken Welsh of cyfforddus = comfortable
:_______________________________.
comic, comics
‹KO mik, KO miks› (masculine noun)
1 comic book
:_______________________________.
comin, comins
‹KO-min› (masculine noun)
PLURAL cominoedd,
comins ‹ko-MII-noidh, -odh, KO-mins, KO-minz›
1 common land
Y Comin SJ1262 Farm north-west of Gellifor,
county of Dinbych
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=326182
Y Comin-coch SN9954 Farm near Cilmeri, Powys
(“Comin-coch” on the
Ordnance Survey map)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/884089
Comin Gelli-gaer Gelli-gaer Common
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/534292
Y Comins-coch
..a/ SN6182 village in Ceredigon (“Comins Coch” on the Ordnance Survey
map)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN6182
..b/ SH8403 village in Powys (“Commins Coch” on the Ordnance Survey map)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/373091
Comin-y-garth SN9954 Farm
near Cilmeri, Powys (“Comin-y-garth”
on the Ordnance Survey map)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=228996
NOTE: The word comyn is found in the English place name Newbold Comyn,
by Leamington Spa (England)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4967
Newbold Comyn
In a land grant in Penwortham in Lancashire Record Office (See National Archives
website)
“Grant for 20/-: Robert Aghton of Penwortham, yoman to Nicholas Tomson of
Penwortham, husbondman and Elene his wife - a parcel of ground in Penwortham, 3
rode-lands, lately inclosed from the Comyn of Penwortham, “betwix the comyn more of Penwortham on the southe and the
landes nowe in the holdyng of Thomas Walker on the northe and abuttith oppon
the comyn of
hoghweke at the Westend and oppon the comyn of Penwortham aforesaid at the estend” but
if the parcel of ground is laid to the common again within 2 years then R.A.,
to pay N. and E.T., 20/- Witn. Gilbert Keuerdall, Geffray Gregson, Thomas
Wall.”
It also occurs in 1454
in “commyns” referring to the English House of Commons, in a phrase used at the
end of a parliamentary bill to indicate its endorsement: A cest bille les commyns sount assentuz (= The Commons have assented to this bill)
(See National Archives
website)
2 destitution
bod ar y comin 1 (religion) be outside the church, be out in the world;
2 (politics) be in the wilderness
(“be on the common”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh comin < English commyn (= common)
See also comon
:_______________________________.
comodor (*cómodor) ‹ko
-mə-dor› masculine noun
PLURAL comodoriaid
‹ko-mə-dor-yed›
1 commodore = navy
officer above the rank of captain and below that of rear-admiral
2
commodore = president of a yacht club
Cafodd cómodor ei labelu’n droseddwr am
geisio cynorthwyo cyd-longwr
(From a news report) A commodore was labelled a criminal for trying to help a
fellow sailor
ETYMOLOGY: English commodore <
Dutch commandeur < French commander = to order, to command <
Latin (com intensive prefix) + (mandâre = to command)
NOTE: Also: comodôr ‹ko-mə-door›
:_______________________________.
comon ‹KO-mon› (adj)
1 poorly
bod yn gomon be in poor health, be poorly, not be very well
ETYMOLOGY: English common
:_______________________________.
comon ‹KO-mon› (m)
1 common (= common land)
Y Comon Bychan SO1835 (“the little common”)
South of Y Felindre, Brycheiniog, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/588271
ETYMOLOGY: English common
See also comin
:_______________________________.
cómpliment ‹kom
-pli-ment› masculine noun
PLURAL cómpliments
‹kom -pli-ments›
1 Colloquial compliment
ETYMOLOGY: English compliment <
French < Italian < Castilian cumplimiento
< cumplir (= to complete, to do
what is fitting)
:_______________________________.
concro ‹KONG
kro› (verb)
1 to conquer
ETYMOLOGY: concro < *cóncero (English conquer) + (-o
verb siffix)
:_______________________________.
cómpliment ‹kom
-pli-ment› masculine noun
PLURAL cómpliments
‹kom -pli-ments›
1 Colloquial compliment
ETYMOLOGY: English compliment <
French < Italian < Castilian cumplimiento
< cumplir (= to complete, to do
what is fitting)
:_______________________________.
congl ‹KO
ngol, KO ngle› (feminine
noun)
1 corner
y gongl = the corner
:_______________________________.
conion ‹kon-yon
›
1
plural of conyn stump
:_______________________________.
consgript,
consgriptiaid ‹KON skript, kon SKRIPT yed› (masculine noun)
1 conscript
:_______________________________.
cont, contiau
‹KONT, KONT ye› (feminine noun)
1 cunt, vagina
2 (offensive) bastard, cunt (unpleasant person)
PLURAL: contiau, contiaid
cont goch (Ynys Môn, Arfon) sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) a
species of jellyfish (“red cunt”)
Also: y gont goch
cont môr (Ceredigion) jellyfish; sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) a
species of jellyfish (“sea cunt”, “cunt (of the) sea”)
Also: gont fôr
(delwedd 7523)
:_______________________________.
contract,
contractau ‹KON trakt, kon TRAK te› (masculine noun)
1 contract
:_______________________________.
contractwr
amaethyddol, contractwyr amaethyddol ‹kon
TRAK tur a mei THƏ dhol, kon TRAKT wir a mei THƏ dhol› (masculine noun)
1 agricultural contractor = person who does specialised tasks with
machinery on farms
:_______________________________.
contralto,
contraltos ‹kon TRAL to, kon TRAL tos› (masculine or feminine noun)
1 contralto
:_______________________________.
Conwy ‹ko
-nui›
1 Afon Conwy (SH8449) river in Gwynedd
Local form: Afon Gonwy
2 dianc o Glwyd a boddi ar Gonwy go from the frying pan into the fire
(“escape from (the river) Clwyd and drown on (crossing) (the river) Conwy”)
3 (Osmerus eperlanus) brwyniad
Conwy (m), brwyniaid Conwy
smelt, European smelt, sparling
4 Conwy (SH7877)
locality (county borough) in the county of Conwy
Formerly the settlement was Aberconwy
“(the) estuary (of) (the) Conwy (river”)
English name: Conway
Castell Conwy Conwy Castle, Conway
Castle
Aberconwy an electoral district for the election of a representative in
the English parliament, and in the Welsh Cynulliad in Caer-dydd
6 a parish at this place
7 Gwynedd Is Conwy
medieval division of Gwynedd below (the river) Conwy / this side of the river
Conwy”) (is = lower; below)
8 Conway name of a small
town in Washington state, USA. The land was platted in the 1870’s by Thomas
Jones of Caer-rhun (SH7770).
(Information from “Ninnau” July 1 1997)
The village of Caer-rhun is in north-west Wales, on the river Conwy, and here
was situated the Roman fort of “Canovium”, named after the river Conwy, or at
least the earlier British form of the river name). Caer-rhun is 7km south of
the town of Conwy
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/617219
Canovium
9 Nant Conwy
“(the) valley (of the river) Conwy)
A division or kúmmud (cwmwd) of the kántrev (cantref) of Arllechwedd
(nant
= valley; modern Welsh = stream) + (Conwy
river name)
(delwedd 7846)
10 Sir Conwy the county
of Conwy, created in 1997
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *kân-oui-
:_______________________________.
conyn ‹ko
nin› m
PLURAL conion
‹kon -yon›
1
stump
conion eithin stumps of gorse bushes
conion grug stumps of heather clumps
2
(north-east) penis
3
See also cawnen reed
ETYMOLOGY: (cawn = reeds) + (-yn suffix added to nouns to make a
singular form out of a collective noun or plural noun) < British *kân-oui-
:_______________________________.
copa, copâu ‹KO pa,
ko PAI› (feminine noun;
sometimes masculine)
1 top
2 hilltop, peak, summit
Copa cudd (warning sign on a road) blind summit (“hidden summit”)
3
Talycopa farm, north of Pentre-dŵr,
Llansamlet (county of Abertawe)
Nearby there is Heol Dalycopa (“Heol
Dalycopa”) and “Talycopa Court” (which would be Cwrt Talycopa in Welsh)
“place facing the peak” (tâl =
forehead; place facing) + (y = the)
+ (copa = peak)
4 Tanygopa street name in Abergele (Conwy) (“Tan y Gopa”)
“(the place) below the peak”
(tan = below) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (copa
= peak)
(Strictly speaking, a habitative name should be written as a single word, and
street names which are from farm names or which have the structure of a farm
name or house name are habitative names too. Tan y Gopa (a district)
> Tanygopa (house name, farm name)
Coed y Gopa “(the) wood (of) Y Gopa” is a wooded hill above Abergele.
Also known as Tan y Gopa
:_______________________________.
copi, copďau ‹KO pi,
ko PI e› (masculine noun)
1 copy
:_______________________________.
copďo ‹ko PII
o› (verb)
1 to copy
:_______________________________.
copis ‹ko
-pis› masculine noun
PLURAL copisiau
‹ko- pis -ye›
South Wales
1 fly (in trousers); fly front; button-up opening or zip-up opening
at the front of trousers
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh copish < English
codpiece ‘piece of cŷh over the
scrotum’, originally in the 1400s and 1500s a bag covering a man’s genitals,
part of breeches or hose, and attached by laces;
from (1) Middle English cod (= bag,
scrotum) < Old English codd (=
bag; husk)
and (2) piece
NOTE: The colloquial pronunciation is copish
‹co-pish›, plural copishe ‹ko-pi-she› In the south, an s before or after i
becomes sh, and the plural suffix -iau > -e (and in the south-east, -a)
:_______________________________.
copog, copogod
‹KO pog, ko POO god› (feminine noun)
1 hoopoe (bird)
y gopog = the hoopoe
:_______________________________.
copr (“copor”)
<KO-pr, KO-por> [ˡkɔpr, ˡkɔpɔr] (masculine noun)
1 (metal) copper
:_______________________________.
coprog
<KO-prog> [ˡkɔprɔg] adjective
1 coppery
2 (South Wales) (sky) cloudy, dull
3 ffawydden goprog copper
beech
ETYMOLOGY: (copr = copper) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
copyn <KO-pin> [ˡkɔpɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL copynnod,
copynnau <ko-PƏ-nod,
-nai, -ne> [kɔˡpənɔd, kɔˡpənaɪ,
kɔˡpənɛ] 1 spider
ETYMOLOGY: (cop = spider) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns).
Welsh cop < English cop < attercop ‘spider, poison head’; (âtor = poison) + (coppe
= head).
English cop (= spider) survives as
the first element in the word cobweb
:_______________________________.
cor <KOR> [kɔr]
1 The element cor ( < cordd = tribe, group) is found in a some compound words
(1) atgor (= ploughing team)
(2) corlan (= sheepfold)
(3) gweithgor (= working party, executive)
(4) rheithgor (= jury)
See below for a fuller list
:_______________________________.
cor- <KOR> [kɔr] (prefix) (corgi, etc)
1 prefix = little
..a/ corfedwen plural corfedw Betula nana dwarf birch (bedwen
= birch tree)
..b/ corhelygen
plural (corhelyg) (Salix repens)
creeping willow (helygen = willow
tree)
..c/ corhwyaden teal (duck) (Anas
crecca) (hwyaden = duck)
..d/ corgi = little dog (ci = dog)
..e/ cornant = rivulet, brooklet (nant = brook)
Cf also
..a/ corach = dwarf
..b/ corryn = spider
:_______________________________.
côr, corau <KOOR,
KOO-re> [koːr, ˡkoˑraɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 choir
See côr cymysg
2 y côr asgellog the woodland choir, choir of birds (“the winged
choir”)
:_______________________________.
corachaidd <ko-RAA-khaidh,
-edh> [kɔˡrɑˑxaɪđ, -ɛđ] adjective
1 of a dwarf, like a
dwarf
seren gorachaidd dwarf star
:_______________________________.
corachedd <ko-RAA-khedh> [kɔˡrɑˑxɛđ] masculine noun
1 stunted growth,
dwarfism
ETYMOLOGY: (corach = dwarf) + (-edd suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
cordd <KORDH> [kɔrđ] masculine noun
PLURAL corddau <KOR-dhai, -e> [ˡkɔrđaɪ, -ɛ]
1 tribe (obsolete)
2 clan, family (obsolete)
3 multitude (obsolete)
4 In compound words as cordd
/ cor
(1) atgor (= ploughing team)
(ad- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (cor[dd] = group)
(2)
corlan (= sheepfold) < corddlan
(cordd = group) + soft mutation + (llan = enclosure)
(3) gosgordd (= retinue, group of attendants or officers)
(4) gweithgor (= working party)
(gweith- < gweithio to work) + soft mutation + (cordd = group)
(5) gwelygordd (= kindred, lineage)
(gwely = bed; (obsolete) land of a family; (obsolete) a family, a clan)
+ soft mutation + (cordd = group)
(6) pwyllgor (= committee) Word coined by the lexicographer Caerfallwch (Edward Thomas, 1779-1858)
(pwyll = sense, reason) + soft
mutation + (cordd = group)
(7) rheithgor (= jury)
(rheith- < rhaith = law) + soft mutation + (cor[dd] = group)
(8) trefgordd (= village)
(tref = settlement, farmstead) + soft mutation + (cordd = group)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic korios
(= army; tribe)
The same word in Gaulish has left traces in some place names:
(1) tri-kor- (found in the Latin
form tricorîi) (= the three armies /
tribes), in the Breton district name Treger,
and also the name of a tribe around present-day Narbona in Occitania.
(2) petru-kor- (found in the Latin
form petrucorîi) (= the four armies
/ tribes). It survives in the Occitan name Peireguers / Periguers
(French: Périgueux), a town in Occitania, in Peiregňrd / Perigňrd
(French: Périgord), a division of the old region of Guiana (French:
Guyenne), east of the city of Bordču (French: Bordeaux).
(delwedd 7845)
Welsh cordd
is related to:
Irish cuire (Irish cuire = band troop),
and in Germanic:
German [das] Heer (= [the] army),
Old English here (= army), obsolete,
but vestigially in
..a/ harbour
..b/ to harry (= ravage a town in
war),
..c/ Hereford (name of a town in
western England = “the ford of the army”)
:_______________________________.
corddi <KOR-dhi> [ˡkɔrđɪ]
1 annoy, make angry
Be sy’n eich corddi? What kind of
thing makes you really mad?
:_______________________________.
côr cymysg <koor KƏ-misk> [koːr ˡkəmɪsk] masculine noun
PLURAL corau
cymysg <KOO-rai,
-re KƏ-misk> [ˡkoˑraɪ, -ɛ,
ˡkəmɪsk]
1 mixed choir
Mae pedwar o gorau cymysg Ynys Môn a
Gwynedd yn dod at ei gilydd yn Eglwys Gadeiriol Bangor i godi arian ar gyfer
canolfan gerdd
Four mixed choirs from (the counties of) Ynys Môn and Gwynedd are coming
together in Bangor Cathedral to raise money for a music centre
ETYMOLOGY: (côr = choir) + (cymysg = mixed)
:_______________________________.
corcyn <KOR-kin> [ˡkɔrkɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL corciau <KORK-yai, -ye> [ˡkɔrkjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 cork = piece of cork
used as a bottle stopper, a bung in a cask, etc
twll corcyn bung-hole, hole in a
cask stopped with a bung
ETYMOLOGY: (corc = cork) + (-yn suffix)
:_______________________________.
cordyn, cordiau
<KOR-din, KORD-yai, -ye> [ˡkɔrdɪn, ˡkɔrdjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 cord, string
2 cord = measure of cut wood
cysgu yn gordyn sleep like a log
(“sleep like a cord (measure of cut wood)”)
:_______________________________.
cordyn ffenestr,
cordiau ffenestr <KOR-din FEE-nest, KORD-yai, -ye
FEE-nest> [ˡkɔrdɪn ˡfeˑnɛst, ˡkɔrdjaɪ,
-ɛ, ˡfeˑnɛst] (masculine noun)
1 window sash cord
:_______________________________.
Coregonus albula
1 fendas (m), fendeisiaid vendace, fish of lakes in northern England and Scotland
:_______________________________.
Coregonus autumnalis
1 polan (m), polaniaid pollan
:_______________________________.
Coregonus lavaretus
1 powan (m), powaniaid powan, lake herring
:_______________________________.
Coregonus oxyrinchus
1 howtin (m), howtinod houting
:_______________________________.
corf (“corof”) ‹korv› feminine
noun
PLURAL corfau ‹kor -ve›
NOTE: The colloquial form of corf is
bisyllabic, with the vowel repeated: corof
‹kô-rov›
1 pommel of a saddle, saddle
pommel - raised front part of a saddle
y gorf = the pommel
2 (place names, South Wales) wooded precipice by river
(1) Y Gorof Ystradgylais (“the
precipice”)
(2) Gwarygorof place in the parish
of Caeo, county of Caerfyrddin (“(the) nape (of) the precipice”, i.e. the place
above the precipice)
(3) Caeau’r Gorof place in Llanwynno
(county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (“(the) fields (of) the precipice”)
3 (Welsh Laws) pair of columns dividing a hall into an upper and
lower part
ETYMOLOGY: probably from British < Latin corb- (= basket)
This Latin word is found in English corbeille
‹koo’-bəl› (= carved ornament representing a basket
of fruit of flowers) < French corbeille
(same meaning) < corbeille (=
basket) < Latin corbucula (=
little basket) < corbis (=
basket).
Modern French has corbeille (= open
basket; waste-paper basket)
Related words in other Indo-European languages:
Germanic: English harp < Old
English hearpe (= harp); German die Harfe (= harp);
Slavonic: Russian korobit (= to
warp).
German der Korb (= the basket) is
also from the Latin word corbis
:_______________________________.
corfedwen ‹kor-
ved -wen› feminine noun
PLURAL corfedw
‹kor- ve -du›
1 corfedwen plural corfedw
Betula nana dwarf birch
y gorfedwen = the dwarf birch
ETYMOLOGY: (cor- = small) + soft
mutation + (bedwen = birch tree)
:_______________________________.
corff, cyrff ‹KORF,
KIRF› (masculine noun)
1 body
2 nave = long central part of a church, excluding the aisles on
either side, from the west door to the chancel (the end or eastern part of the
main body of a church where the altar platform stands)
yng nghorff yr eglwys in the nave of
the church
3 helpu eich corff / helpu’ch
corff defecate (“to help your body”)
4 codi’r corff (funeral cortčge)
set out for the cemetery; (Scotland: lift = take up for burial) (“raise the
body”)
4 corff trunk (of the
body)
Also bongorff trunk (of the body)
“base-body” (bôn = base) + soft
mutation + (corff = body)
5 codi corff o fedd
exhume a body (“raise a body from a grave”)
:_______________________________.
corffddelw,
corffddelwau ‹korf-DHEE-lu, korf-DHEL-wai, -.we› (masculine noun)
1 effigy
2 grave effigy, tomb effigy; a representation of a person in
the form of a sculpture, often life-sized, on top of a tomb
corffddelw bedd, corffddelwau
beddau grave effigy, tomb effigy
ETYMOLOGY: (corff = body) + soft
mutation + (delwedd = image)
:_______________________________.
corffdy,
corffdai ‹KORF di, KORF dai› (masculine noun)
1 mortuary
:_______________________________.
corfflan ‹korf-lan› feminine noun
PLURAL corfflannau ‹korf- lA-ne›
1 (obsolete) (poetic) cemetery, burial ground
y gorfflan = the burial ground
ETYMOLOGY: (corff = body) + soft
mutation + (llan = enclosure)
:_______________________________.
corfforaeth,
corfforaethau ‹kor FO reth, kor fo REI the› (feminine noun)
1 corporation
y gorfforaeth = the corporation
:_______________________________.
corfforol ‹kor-
fô -rol› adjective
1 physical
yn gorfforol physically
2 grym corfforol brute
force
3 cosb gorfforol corporal
punishment
cosbi corfforol corporal punishment
4 large-bodied
ETYMOLOGY: (corffor obsolete word =
body) + (-ol, suffix for forming
adjectives).
Corffor is from Latin corpor-,
stem of the word corpus (= body).
Or else it is a singular form derived from an obsolete plural form corfforoedd or corfforion (= bodies) < Latin corpor-
:_______________________________.
corgi ‹kor-gi› masculine
noun
PLURAL corgwn
‹kor -gun›
1 corgi = small cattle
dog from south-western Wales
2 corgi Ceredigion (“corgi
(from the region of) Ceredigion”) = Cardiganshire corgi, a corgi with a long
tail
..
(delwdd 7038) (delwedd 7843)
3
corgi Penfro (“corgi (from the
region of) Penfro”) = Pembrokeshire corgi, corgi with a short tail or docked
tail
..
(delwdd 7037) (delwedd 7844)
4 (insults, reprimands) devil, rascal, monkey, scamp; or also
equivalent of stronger insults - bugger, turd; usually with hen (= old, but used to suggest disrespect)
or bach (= little, also used in a
disrespectful sense)
Y corgi bach! The little devil!
(talking of a third person); (in addressing somebody) you little devil!
Wyr y corgi bach hwnnw ddim sut ...
That bugger doesn’t know how...
South-east Wales ’Ren gorgi shag i ti (yr hen
gorgi yr un sut ag yr wyt ti) (“the old corgi the same form that you are”)
You turd!
Y corgi bach drwg iddo fe (of a
child) The wicked thing! The naughty little rascal! (“the naughty little corgi
to him”)
5 comparisons: mor sarrug â
chorgi as surly / snappish / tetchy / ill-tempered as a corgi
NOTE:
(1) colloquially, also with the plural corgwns,
which is the plural corgwn with the addition of the English
plural suffix -s;
(2) female dog: corast
(3) corgi is one of the few Welsh
words which has become international
ETYMOLOGY: “dwarf dog” (cor-, prefix
= dwarf; small) + soft mutation + (ci
= dog)
:_______________________________.
corhelygen ‹kpr-he-
lə -gen› feminine
noun
PLURAL corhelyg
‹kor-he-lig›
1 (Salix repens)creeping
willow
ETYMOLOGY: (cor- prefix = small) + (helygen = willow)
:_______________________________.
corhwyaden,
corhwyad ‹kor hui A den, kor HUI ad› (feminine noun)
1 teal (Anas crecca) (kind of duck) (literally “little duck”)
y gorhwyaden = the teal
ETYMOLOGY: (cor- prefix = small) + (hwyaden = duck)
:_______________________________.
córidor,
coridorau ‹KO
ri dor, ko ri DO re› (masculine noun)
1 corridor
:_______________________________.
corlan, corlannau <KOR-lan,
kor-LA-nai, -ne> [ˡkɔrlan, kɔrˡlanaɪ,
-nɛ]
(feminine noun)
1 sheepfold
y gorlan the sheepfold
2 (figurative) a church or
its congregation
3 (figurative) dwelling place, home
4 (Y)
Gorlan (house name) (The) Sheepfold, (The) Fold
Y Gorlan name of a street in
Llan-saint, Cydweli (county of Caerfyrddin)
Maesygorlan (house name); if an invented name (“field (by) the house”,
“home field”); otherwise “field (of) the sheepfold”
Ysgol y Gorlan name of a school in Tremadog, Gwynedd
Nant y Gorlan (“stream of the sheepfold”)
Drum Nant y Gorlan hill by Llanwrtud
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1484784
ETYMOLOGY: corlan < corddlan (cordd
= trbe, family; multitude) + soft mutation + (llan = enclosure)
:_______________________________.
corlan chwarae
<kor-lan KHWA-rai, -re> [kɔrlan ˡxwaraɪ, -rɛ] (feminine noun)
1 playpen for infants
:_______________________________.
Y Corlannau <ə-kor-LA-nai,
-e> [əkɔrˡlanaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 SS7690 district of Aberafan place name; sheepfolds
ETYMOLOGY: = sheepfolds; plural of corlan
:_______________________________.
corn, cyrn (3) ‹KORN,
KIRN› (masculine noun)
1 horn (of an animal)
yn gyrn, croen a charnau hook, line
and sinker (“horns, skin / hide and hooves”)
llyncu stori’n gyrn, croen a charnau
swallow a story hook, line and sinker, accept something improbable without
questioning it
2 horn = device for blowing through to make a loud noise, originally
fashioned from the horn of an ox, etc
2 utgorn trumpet
(ud- = stem of verb udo = to howl, to hoot) + soft mutation + (corn = horn)
3 corn niwl foghorn.
Also (a less natural form) niwlgorn
foghorn
(niwl = fog ) + soft mutation + (corn = horn)
4
gorn (soft mutated form of corn used as an intensifier)
noethlymun gorn stark naked
5 corn glas (Ajuga reptans) bugle - a ground cover plant
(reptans = creeping). The flowers resemble tiny horns or bugles and are tightly
ranged along stalks four inches to six inches tall.
Ajuga is the name given by the Swedish botanist Linnaeus ans means ‘without a
yoke’ because the sepals surrounding the buds of this plant are not connected.
‘blue horn’ (corn = horn) + (glas = blue)
Corn-glas name of a street in Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg) (spelt as ‘Corn Glas’)
(delwedd 7013)
:_______________________________.
corn, cyrn
(2) ‹KORN, KIRN› (masculine noun)
1 corn on the foot
Sathru ar gyrn rhywun
Stand on someone’s corns, offend somebody
Pwy sy wedi sathru ar dy gyrn di?
Who’s stood on you corns? Who’s rubbed you up the wrong way? Who’s got up your
nose?
Also: Sengi ar gyrn rhywun
Stand on someone’s corns, offend somebody
:_______________________________.
corn (3) ‹korn
› m
1
short form of india-corn: (American)
corn, Indian corn, (Englandic) maize
bara corn corn bread (USA)
2
india-corn:
blawd india-corn cornmeal, cornflour
india-corn ar y cňb corn on the cob
wisgi india-corn corn whiskey
siwgwr india-corn corn sugar,
dextrose blat de moro
olew india-corn oli de blat de moro
3
popgorn popcorn (= single kernel),
popcorn (= mass of kernels)
reworking of the English word popcorn
as (pop = pop, explosion) + soft
mutation + (corn = corn, maize)
ETYMOLOGY: English corn >
American English Indian corn (which
has given Welsh “india corn” = maize) > the shortened form corn (hence Welsh corn = maize)
:_______________________________.
cornant ‹kor-nant› masculine
noun
PLURAL cornentydd ‹kor-nen-tidh›
1 little stream, brook,
runlet, small stream
ETYMOLOGY: (cor-, prefix = smal) + (nant = stream)
:_______________________________.
cornel, corneli
/ cornelau ‹KOR nel, kor NE li, le› (fm)
1 corner (North – feminine y
gornel, South – masculine y cornel)
mynd rownd y gornel turn the corner,
go round the corner
ym mhob twll a chornel in every nook and cranny (“in ever hole and
corner”)
:_______________________________.
corniog ‹korn
-yog› adj
1
horned
2
chwilen gorniog stagbeetle (USA:
hornbug) (Lucanus cervus)
(“horned beetle”) (chwilen = beetle)
+ soft mutation + (corniog = horned)
3
gwyach gorniog (Podiceps auritus) Slavonian Grebe (USA: horned grebe)
4
dafad gorniog a horned sheep
5
da corniog horned cattle
ych corniog horned ox
6
pabi corniog dulas (Roemeria
hybrida) violet horned poppy (“violet horned poppy”)
pabi corniog melyn (Glaucum flavum)
round prickly-headed poppy (“yellow horned poppy”)
ETYMOLOGY: (corn = horn) + (-i-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
corniog ‹korn
-yog› adj
1
covered with corns
ei law gorniog his hand covered with
corns
ETYMOLOGY: (corn = corn) + (-i-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
corof ‹KOO-rov› feminine
noun
1 See corf (= pommel,
raised front part of a saddle)
:_______________________________.
coron ‹KOO-ron› feminine noun
PLURAL coronau
‹ko-ROO-nai, -e›
1 crown = headwear with
jewels of king, queen
y goron the crown
2 crown = symbol of a monarchy
Bu farw mewn damwain a gadawodd goron
Lloegr yn nwylo plentyn o frenin
He died in an accident and he left the crown of England in the hands of a child
king
Etifedd y Goron Crown Prince (“(the)
inheritor (of) the crown”)
3 Y Goron the Crown, the
English monarchy
tlysau’r Goron the Crown Jewels (“(the)
jewels (of) the Crown”)
tir y Goron Crown land (“(the)
land (of) the Crown”)
trysor y Goron = treasure trove, treasure
of unknown ownership usually centuries old and found buried which is deemed to
be the property of the Crown of England
(“(the) treasure (of) the Crown”)
4 Y Goron the Crown, the
government of England
gweinidogion y Goron the ministers
of the Crown, English government ministers
Llys y Goron Crown Court
5 crown = wreath of flowers or leaves placed on the head as a
victory emblem,
6 coron ddrain a crown of
thorns
7 (sport) Y Goron Driphlyg
The Triple Crown, imaginary award
won by any of the national rugby teams of England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales on
defeating all of its three rivals in a single season
8 (eisteddfod) Y Goron
The Crown, the bardic crown which is the prize in the free verse competition;
cipio'r Goron = to win the crown;
enillydd y Goron winner of the Crown
coron bardd bardic crown
coron farddol bardic crown
9 crown = coin (originally stamped with a crown) in Scandinavian
countries Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland; also Czechia
10 crown = an obsolete English coin worth one quarter of a pound
Until 1971, when decimal coinage was introduced in the English state, there was
a coin called hanner coron half a
crown, one eighth of a pound
11 crown = high point, most important part, greatest achievement,
most important characteristic
Coron Gwlad ei Mamiaith (saying) A Nation's
Crown is its Mother Tongue / its native
language (usually it is understood as referring to the Welsh language)
12 y goron ar y cyfan (“the
crown on top of the whole”)
in listing the advantages of something = and to top it all
Haul, pentrefwyr cyfeillgar, ac yn goron
ar y cyfan – mae’r bwyd yn ardderchog yma!
Sunshine, friendly villagers - and to top it all, the food here is marvellous!
13 Y Goron a’r Angor
(“the crown and the anchor”) tavern name, Crown and Anchor.
From the flag used on the mainmast of the royal yacht of the King James II
(1633-1701) of England (James VII of Scotland) who became king of England,
Scotland and Ireland in 1685 at the age of 51. At the age of three he had been
appointed Lord High Admiral. The diarist Samuel (1633-1703) Pepys, Secretary to
the Admiralty, noted that when he became king he continued to be Lord High
Admiral and placed "a crown over the anchor as being himself his own
Admiral."
Taverns of this name are said to have been owned originally by retired
mariners.
14 coron y bywyd the
crown of life (“(the) crown (of) the life”). Phrase used on gravestones. From a
Biblical expression.
Datguddiad 2:10 Bydd ffyddlon hyd angau,
ac mi a roddaf i ti goron y bywyd
Revelations 2:10. Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a
crown of life.
15 gosod y goron ar ben
(rhywun) crown (someone), place the crown on the head (of someone)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < Middle English corone
< French < Latin corôna <
Greek korônę (= crown, curved
object).
Possibly a direct loan Welsh < British < Latin, but see corun (= crown)
NOTE: colloquial form: coran,
PLURAL coranau > c’rane, c’rana
:_______________________________.
coroni ‹ko ROO
ni› (verb)
1 to crown
ETYMOLOGY: (coron = crown) + (-i verb-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
coroniad ‹ko-
ron -yad› masculine noun
1
coronation, crowning
Heol Coroniad street name in Y
Beddau (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
= “heol y coroniad” (“(the) street (of)
the coronation”, coronation street)
ETYMOLOGY: (coron- stem of coroni = to crown) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
Coronwen ‹ko RON
wen› (feminine noun)
1 woman’s name, obsolete
ETYMOLOGY: “crown” (coron = crown) +
(-wen suffix used in forming female names); unless it is to be
interpreted literally as “white crown” (coron
= crown) + sofft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn =
white; holy; resplendent)
:_______________________________.
corryn ‹ko-rin› masculine noun
PLURAL corynnod ‹ko-rə-nod›
1 (South Wales) spider
bod wedi llyncu corryn be pregnant (“to have swallowed a spider”)
2 runt = smallest and weakest pig in a litter, or other animals
ETYMOLOGY: (corr-, penult form
of cor (= spider; dwarf) + (-yn diminutive suffix added to nouns)
From the same British root: Breton korr (= dwarf)
The word corr is related to Latin curtus (= short)
:_______________________________.
cors, corsydd
‹KORS, KOR sidh› (feminine noun)
1 bog
y gors = the bog
mynd i’r gors 1/ get bogged down,
get stuck, begin to founder (Founder: become stuck in soft ground, begin to
sink in soft ground) 2/ get into difficulties, get into financial difficulties
peidiwch â mynd i’r gors wrth ateb
un cwestiwn - ewch ymlaen at y cwestiynau eraill, am nad oes gennych lawer o
amser yn yr arholiad hwn don’t get stuck in answering one question - go on to the other questions, as you
don’t have much time in this exam
aeth y ddadl i’r gors ym manylion y gyllideb the debate began
to founder in the details of the budget
mor hawdd yw mynd i'r gors drwy ddefnyddio’r garden Visa yn y naill siop ar ôl
y llall
it’s so easy to get into financial difficulties by using your Visa card in
one shop after another
2 gold y gors Caltha
palustris = marsh marigold (“goldflower (of the) marsh”)
Gold-y-gors Name of a house in
Pencerrig, Llanfair ym Muallt
3 llyffant y gors or broga’r gors (Rana ridibunda) marsh
frog
4 helygen y gors
(Salix discolor) pussy willow (“willow (of) the bog”)
5 melyn y gors (Caltha
palustris) marsh marigold (“yellow (flower) (of) the marsh”)
(melyn = yellow flower) + (y = definite article) + soft mutation
+ (cors = marsh, bog)
Melyn-y-gors street name in Y Barri (county of Bro Morgannwg) (written
as “Melyn y Gors”)
(delwedd 7911)
6 cors
o annwyd ‹kors o A-nuid›
a heavy cold, a stinking cold (‘a bog of a cold’)
:_______________________________.
Corseg ‹KOR
seg› (feminine noun,
adjective)
1 Corsican language
y Gorseg the Corsican language
:_______________________________.
corsiog ‹KOR-sog› (adjective)
1 reedy, swampy
In 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911, volume for 1905) John Hobson Matthews (Mab
Cernɥw)
notes Gorswg (the boggy place.) A small house in the parish of Llanedern
on the estbank of the river Rhymny, north of Lanrumney.
This would be southern corsog (typical loss of the semivowel –i-
at the beginning of a final syllable). The suffix –iog, -og is
used to form an adjective meaning “abundant in [a kind of plant]”, and the
adjective is used often as a feminine noun to denote “place abundant in [a kind
of plant]”.
Hence Y Gorsog.
The use of –wg instead of -og is not unusual in the south-east
(Llangadog > Llangatwg, etc)
:_______________________________.
corsle ‹kors
-le› m
PLURAL corsleoedd
‹kors-lę-odh›
1
reedbed
ETYMOLOGY: (cors = bog) + soft
mutation + (lle = place)
:_______________________________.
corslwyn ‹kors
-luin› m
PLURAL corslwyni
‹kors-lui-ni›
1
reedbed
ETYMOLOGY: (cors = bog) + soft
mutation + (llwyn = bush)
:_______________________________.
corstir ‹kors -tir› masculine
noun
PLURAL corstiroedd ‹kors-tî-rodh›
1 boggy land
pan oedd corstir y ‘Cae Pella’ ar ganol cael ei ddraenio
when the boggy end of the Far Field was halfway through being drained
ETYMOLOGY: (cors = bog) + soft
mutation+ (tir = land) > corsdir > corstir
:_______________________________.
corswennol, corswenoliaid
‹kors WE nol, kors we NOL yed› (feminine noun)
1 tern (seabird)
y gorswennol = the tern
:_______________________________.
corswennol farfog ‹kors-we-nol bAr-vog› feminine noun
PLURAL corswenoliaid barfog ‹kors-we-nol-yed bAr-vog›
1 (Chlidonias hybrida) whiskered tern
ETYMOLOGY: “bearded tern” (corswennol
= tern) + soft mutation + (barfog = bearded)
:_______________________________.
corswigen ‹kors-WII-gen› feminine noun
1 guelder rose (Viburnum opulus)
In Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg) there is a street called Heol Gorswigen ‘guelder rose
street’, though more correctly it ought to be Heol y Gorswigen (“(the) street
(of) the guelder rose”)
(delwedd 7909)
ETYMOLOGY: Unclear. Maybe (cors = swamp) + soft mutation + (gwig =
wood) + (-en diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
corun, corunau
‹KOO-rin, ko-RII-ne› (masculine noun)
1 crown of the head
:_______________________________.
corunfoel ‹ko-rin-voil› adjective
1 tonsured = having the hair shaved off from the top of the head, as
with monks in certain orders
mynach corunfoel a tonsured monk
ETYMOLOGY: (corun = crown of the
head) + soft mutation + (moel =
bare)
:_______________________________.
corwg ‹kô -rug› masculine
noun
(usually in the form cwrwgl < corwgl; PLURAL cyryglau, cwryglau)
1 coracle = wickerwork boat
2 Porth y Cwrwgl Cove on
the island of Môn. ‘(the) cove (of) the coracle’
English name: Freshwater Bay
ETYMOLOGY: corwg < British <
Celtic *koruk-
Irish: curach (= wickerwork boat)
NOTE: There is an added final ‹l› cwrwgl < cwrwg < corwg
Cf Welsh tymestl (= tempest,
storm) < tymest < Latin tempesta (= tempest, storm)
:_______________________________.
corwgl ‹kö
-rugəl› masculine noun
1 coracle = wickerwork boat. See corwg
:_______________________________.
cosb, cosbau ‹KOSP,
KOS pe› (feminine noun)
1 punishment
y gosb = the punishment
cosb ddidrugaredd harsh punishment
cosb gorfforol corporal punishment
cosb lem a harsh punishment, a heavy
penalty (< llym = strict, harsh)
pennu cosb addas i’r trosedd
make the punishment fit the crime (“set an adequate punishment for the crime”)
2 gwladfa gosb penal colony
(Also gwladfa gosbi penal colony)
3 tramgwydd yn dwyn cosb o
garchar
imprisonable offence (“an offence bearing a punishment of prison”)
:_______________________________.
cosbadwy ‹ko-spâ-dui
› adjective
1 punishable
ETYMOLOGY: (cosb = punishment) + (-adwy adjectival suffix equivalent to
English ‘-able’)
:_______________________________.
cosbedigaethol
‹kos-be-di- gei
-thol› adjective
1 punitive
ETYMOLOGY: (cosbedigaeth =
punishment) + (-ol suffix for
forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
cosbi <KO-sbi> [ˡkɔsbɪ] (verb)
1 to punish
cosbi corfforol corporal punishment
2 gwladfa gosbi penal
colony
(Also gwladfa gosb penal colony)
:_______________________________.
cosbol <KOS-bol> [ˡkɔsbɔl] adjective
1 punitive
2 penal = inflicting punishment
y gyfraith gosbol the penal code
ETYMOLOGY: (cosb = punishment) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
cosmetig ‹kos-ME-tig› [kɔsˡmɛtɪg] adjective
1 cosmetic
llawfeddygaeth gosmetig cosmetic surgery
ETYMOLOGY: English cosmetic <
French cosmetique < Greek komętikos < kosmein (=
adorn, order) < kosmos (= to order)
:_______________________________.
cost <KOST> [kɔst] feminine noun
PLURAL costau <KOS-tai, -te> [ˡkɔstaɪ, -tɛ]
1 cost = the price paid
to obtain something
y gost = the cost
2 heb arbed unrhyw gost
with no expense spared
3 am y gost at cost price
(“for the cost”)
gwerthu rhywbeth am ei gost sell something
at cost price (“sell something for its cost”)
4 cost = sacrifice, loss
ar draul ei einioes at the cost of
his life
ar gost ei einioes at the cost of
his life
ar draul ei fywyd at the cost of his
life
ar gost ei fywyd at the cost of his
life
5 costau teithio
travelling expenses
costau byw the cost of living
6 costs (law) = amount of money successful party entitled to claim
to pay for his expenses in a court case
talu costau pay costs
7 expense
ar ei gost ei hun at his own expense
8 expense
ar ei draul ei hun to his cost
Fe ddysgais ar fy nhraul fy hun nad yw’n
werth bod yn gyfaill iddo I learnt to my cost that it’s not woth being his
friend
9 heb gyfri'r gost
without counting the cost (= without taking the risks into account)
10 gwneud i rywun fynd i gost cause somebody to go to great expense,
cause somebody great expense (“make somebody go to cost”)
11 achosi cost i rywun cause
somebody to go to great expense, cause somebody great expense (“cause cost to
somebody”)
ETYMOLOGY: English cost (= to cost)
< French coste < coster (= to cost) < Latin constâre (= to cost) < con + stâre (= to stand)
NOTE: (North Wales) with a long vowel côst
<koost> [koːst].. The lengthened vowel in monosyllables ending in –st is typical in the North (pôst = post, mail, pâst = paste, etc)
:_______________________________.
costio <KOST-yo> [ˡkɔstjɔ] (verb)
1 to cost
ETYMOLOGY: cost
(= cost) + (-i-o suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
costus <KOS-tis> [ˡkɔstɪs] (adjective)
1 costly, expensive
ETYMOLOGY: cost
(= cost) + (-us suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
cot, cotiau <KOT,
KOT-yai, -ye> [kɔt, ˡkɔtjaɪ, -jɛ] (feminine noun)
1 coat
y got = the coat
2 beating
rhoi cot i rywun (South Wales).
Also: rhoi coten i rywun (South Wales).
rhoi côt i rywun (North-west Wales).
Also: rhoi cotan i rywun (North-west Wales).
A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady: to which is
added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837: “To COT, v[erb].
a. to beat soundly.”
ETYMOLOGY: English coat < Middle English cote < Anglo-French
< Old French < Germanic.
Middle High German die Kotze (= garment of coarse wool).
Said to be current in Austria, Switzerland and Bavaria, meaning “dark green or
brown garment for hunters”.
NOTE: North Wales has côt.
(delwedd 7458)
:_______________________________.
cot, cotiau ‹KOT,
KOT ye› (feminine noun)
1 cot (= cottage)
ETYMOLOGY: English cot < Old English cot
Cf Old Norse kot (= hut)
NOTE: In use in spoken Welsh
:_______________________________.
cot, cotiau <KOT,
KOT-yai, -ye> [kɔt, ˡkɔtjaɪ, -jɛ] (m)
1 (Englandic: cot, i.e. a child’s cot) (American: crib)
ETYMOLOGY: English cot, in the 1600s < Hindi khāṭ <
Sanskrit.
:_______________________________.
cot ddyffl,
cotiau dyffl <kot DƏ-fəl, kot-yai, -ye DƏ-fəl> [kɔt ˡdəfəl, ˡkɔtjaɪ, -jɛ ˡdəfəl] (feminine noun)
1 duffle coat
:_______________________________.
coten <KOT-en> [ˡkɔtɛn] (f)
1 (South Wales) thrashing, beating
rhoi coten i rywun give someone a thrashing, give someone a
beating, beat somebody up
O’s rhywun wedi rhoi coten iti? Has somebody given you a beating? Has
somebody been hitting you?
NOTE: Also in the Penrhyn Llyn / the Llyn Peninsula, north-west Wales:
rhoi cotan i rywun give someone a thrashing
NOTE: A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady: to
which is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837: “To COT,
v[erb]. a. to beat soundly.”
ETYMOLOGY: (cot / côt = coat) + (-en diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
cot fawr, cotiau
mawr <kot VAUR, KOT-yai, -ye-MAUR> [kɔt ˡvaʊr, ˡkɔtjaɪ, -jɛ ˡmaʊr] (feminine noun)
1 overcoat
:_______________________________.
Cothnais ‹KOTH–nais,
-nes› [ˡkɔθnaɪs,
-nɛs]
1 Penrhyn Cothnais John O’ Groats (Scotland)
O Bentir Cothnais hyd Ben Tir Cernyw
from John O’Groats in Scotland to Penn an Wlaz (Land’s End) in Cornwall
ETYMOLOGY: (penrhyn = peninsula) + (Cothnais = Caithness, district name,
Scandinavian form of the Gaelic name Cataibh (= Sutherland), with ‘ness’ =
nose, peninsula)
:_______________________________.
cotio <KOT-yo> [ˡkɔtjɔ] verb
(North Wales)
1 spay (heifer, sow)
ETYMOLOGY: probably (English to cut)
+ (-io = suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
cot law, cotiau
glaw <kot LAU, KOT-yai, -ye GLAU> [kɔt ˡlaʊ, ˡkɔtjaɪ, -jɛ ˡglaʊ] (feminine noun)
1 raincoat
:_______________________________.
cotsen ‹KOT sen› (f)
PLURAL:
cotsis ‹KOT sen›
North Wales
1 cunt, vagina
y gotsen the cunt
NOTE: North-west Wales cotsan / y gotsan.
2 (term of abuse) cunt
Be ti’n neud, y gotsan wirion? What are you doing, you stupid cunt?
:_______________________________.
cot wlân, cotiau
gwlân ‹kot WLAAN, KOT ye GWLAAN› (feminine noun)
1 woolen coat (Englandic: woollen coat)
:_______________________________.
cotwm, cotymau
‹KO tum, ko TƏ me› (masculine noun)
1 cotton
:_______________________________.
cou ‹koi› adj
South Wales
1 cau (= hollow)
2 ceu- (= hollow) in compound nouns
coulan (river bank) < ceulan
counant (ravine) < ceunant
:_______________________________.
coulan ‹koi -lan› feminine
noun
1 Southern form of ceulan (= river bank)
Found on maps spelt less
correctly as coilan
Goulan-goch (= y geulan goch)
locality in the county of Caerfyrddin
Marwolaethau: Awst 20fed, wedi byr
gystudd, yn 73 mlwydd oed, Esther Thomas, Goilangoch, Llandilo (Tyst a'r
Dydd 15 6 1882)
Deaths: August 20, after a short illness, at the age of 73, Esther Thomas, of
Goilangoch (i.e. Goulan-goch), Llandeilo
:_______________________________.
counant ‹KOI-nant› (m)
1 Southern form of ceunant (= ravine)
Found on maps spelt less
correctly as coinant, coynant
Cwmcounant SO2337 (“Cwmcoynant”) Farm in Tre-goed a’r Felindre, south of
Y Gelligandryll / Hay-on-Wye
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1074746
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) valley (of) the ravine” cwm y ceunant (cwm =
alley) + (y = definite article) + (ceunant / counant = ravine).
The linking definite article is often lost in place names.
:_______________________________.
Y Counant ‹koi nant›
1 farm 6km ssw of Llanboidy SN2123 (county of Caerfyrddin)
NOTE: Southern pronunciation of ceunant
(= ravine). See other examples at ou.
Sometimes on maps with a spelling showing interference from English spelling
convention - oy instead of ou. Thus “Coynant”
:_______________________________.
cownter ‹koun
-ter› masculine noun
PLURAL cownteri
‹koun- te -ri›
1 counter = shop counter,
long table for business
Nid oedd neb y tu ôl i’r cownter
There was nobody behind the counter (there was nobody to serve the customers)
gwerthu dan y cownter sell under the
counter (sell goods in a surreptitious way, and often at a premium, because
they are in short supply, or the sale is illegal)
cownter benthyca (library) loans counter
2 counter = bank counter,
long table for business
3 counter = section with a display by a counter in a shop
ugeiniau o bobl yn pori wrth y cownteri
cylchgronau yn y siopau mawrion
scores of people browsing by the magazine counters in the big shops
4 counter = long table in a bar or café over which food and drink is
served
cownter bwyd food counter
5 counter, jetton = metal token acting as a coin (to operate a
vending machine, a turnstile, a shower, lock on a toilet door, etc)
6 counter = token in a board game
mae’r chwareuwyr yn taflu dis ac yna yn symud y cownter i’r sgwâr priodol
the
players throw a dice and then move the counter to the appropriate square
ETYMOLOGY: English counter <
French comptouer < Latin computâre (= to compute) < (com- = with, putâre = to think)
:_______________________________.
cowper ‹kou-per› masculine noun
PLURAL cowperiaid
‹kou-per-yaid
- yed›
1 cooper
Y Cowper Mwyn A folk tune in “The Cambrian Quarterly Magazine
and Celtic Repertory” (1830). The English name is given as “The Kind
Cooper”
ETYMOLOGY: English cowper < Middle English couper < Middle Low German
or Middle Dutch < Middle Latin cūpārius (cūp- = cask) + (-ārius – pertaining to)
:_______________________________.
cowrw, cowrwau+ <KOU-ru> [ˡkɔʊrʊ, kɔʊˡruˑaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1 See cyfrwy
:_______________________________.
cowtsh ‹kouch› masculine
noun
PLURAL cowtshus ‹kou -chis›
1 couch
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh couch < 1400-
French couche = bed < coucher = lie down < collocâre = arrange < (con- = with) + (locâre = to put)
:_______________________________.
C.P.D. ‹ec pi di ›
1 Clwb
Pęl-droed
football club
(on a player’s shirt, for example) C.P.D.
Cwm-sgwt Cwm Sgwt F.C. (= Football Club)
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Adolygiadau diweddaraf / Latest updates /
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Delweddau / Images / Imatges:
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