|
|
|
Gwefan
Cymru-Catalonia |
|
...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:_______________________________.
U, u ‹ii bê-dol› feminine noun
1) twenty-first letter of the twenty-six letter Roman alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 d 5 e, 6 f, 7 g, 8 h, 9 i, 10 j, 11 k, 12 l, 13 m, 14 n, 15 o, 16 p, 17 q, 18 r, 19 s, 20 t, 21 u, 22 v, 23 w, 24 x, 25 y, 26 z
2) twenty-seventh letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y
:_______________________________.
u
1 u < i
(U + I) > (U + U)
..i/ In final syllables after a u in the preceding syllable, u may have replaced an original i in Old Welsh
..a/ Buddug (woman’s name, Victoria) < Buddig
..b/ murddun < murddin (= fortification) (mur = wall) + soft mutation + (din = fort)
..c/ Rhuthun (town in the county of Dinbych) < Rhuthin < rhudd-ddin (rhudd = red) + soft mutation + (din = fort)
..d/ Tudrug (man’s name, obsolete) < Tudrig
.....
(U + I) > (I + I)
Sul > Sulio
> Silio (saint’s name)
..a) addition of a
diminutive suffix –io (which changes the vowel in the penult u > i)
Hence Silio >
Tysilio (The name Tysilio
also has the addition of a diminutive prefix ty- (literally “thy, your”))
See Llandysilio
.....
(I + U) > (U + U)
..ii/ In penultimate syllables before a u
in the following syllable, u may
have replaced an original i in Old
Welsh
..a/ Gruffudd (“griffin lord”) (griff
= griffin) + (iudd = lord) > *Griff-iudd > Griff-udd > Gruffudd
..b/ teulu (= family) < teilu (tei- = house, llu =
group)
:_______________________________.
u < iu
Loss of an initial i (semi-consonant) before u in a final
syllable
..a/ arddun [AR-dhin] [ˡarðɪn] adjective
(obsolete) fair, beautiful; magnificent, grand
ETYMOLOGY: According to Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales
Dictionary, it is from British *ar-iûn-
-iûn- is related to the obsolete
verb uno (= to wish, to desire),
originally iuno.
..b/ udd (= lord), originally iudd, which is to be seen in names
from the early period such as udd as a final syllable Gruffudd,
Maredudd; and id- as an initial syllable Idwal, Idnerth, etc
:_______________________________.
u > y in the penultimate syllable
See Page Y. (y < u)
:_______________________________.
uchaf / ucha ‹II khav, II
kha › (adjective)
1 highest
gyda’r clod uchaf summa cum laude (“with the highest praise”)
2 (in
place names) corresponds to English “upper”
In Welsh comparisons, the superlative degree is used in comparing a pair, not
the comparative form as in English. Hence farm names such as Cwm-bach Uchaf
(“Highest / Uppermost Cwm-bach”) and Cwm-bach Isaf (“Lowest / Lowermost
Cwm-bach”) rather than *Cwm-bach Uwch, *Cwm-bach Is (uwch = upper, is = lower)
NOTE: Uchaf is the superlative form of uchel (= high)
NOTE: Colloquially ucha [II-kha] [ˈiˑxa] , and also ycha [Ə-kha] [ˈəxa]
and uwcha [IU-kha] [ˈɪʊxa] )
The final ‘f’ [v] in colloquial Welsh is omitted uchaf > ucha,
though it is retained in the standard written language (in fact, it disappeared
from the spoken language some centuries ago).
Place names are generally written in the standard written form, no matter that
the local form may be pronounced slightly differently.
However, in some names ucha / ycha / uwcha are to be seen.
Thsi is to be seen too with the counterpart to this word isaf [I-sav] [ˈisav] (=
lowest), colloquially isa [I-sa] [ˈisa] (in the north) and isha [I-sha] [ˈiʃa] (in
the south).
:_______________________________.
uchafbwynt ‹i- khav -buint› [iˡxavbuint] masculine noun
PLURAL uchafbwyntiau
‹i-khav- buint –yai -e› [ixavˡbuintjai -jɛ]
1 highpoint, climax, zenith, highlight, culmination, crowning glory
Uchafbwynt ein taith i Wisconsin oedd
mynd i gartrefi disgynyddion y ffermwyr o Geredigion
The highlight of our trip to Wisconsin was going to the homes of the
descendants of the farmers from Ceredigion
2 uchafbwynt rhewlifol glacial maximum
ETYMOLOGY: (uchaf = highest) + soft
mutation + (pwynt = point)
:_______________________________.
uchafrif ‹i-khav-riv› [iˡxavrɪv] masculine noun
PLURAL uchafrifau
‹i-khav-rii-ve› [ixavˡriˑvai -ɛ]
1 maximum number
uchafrif o naw a maximum of nine,
nine maximum
Mae uchafrif o saith o
blant ym mhob dosbarth There is a maximum of seven children in each class.
ETYMOLOGY: (uchaf = highest) + soft
mutation + (rhif = number)
:_______________________________.
uchdwr ‹ikh-dur› ː
[ˡɪxdʊr] masculine noun
1 height
uchdwr rhydd ‹ikh-dur hriidh› headroom = vertical space under a bridge or the top
of a tunnel (“free height”)
uchdwr eithaf ‹ikh-dur eith-thav› (especially on road signs)
maximum height under a bridge or the top of a tunnel (“extreme / utmost
height”)
ETYMOLOGY: A variant of uchder (=
height). This is (uch- = high; as in
uchel = high) + (-der suffix for abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
uchedydd ‹i-khee-didh› [ɪˡxeˑdɪð]
feminine noun
PLURAL: uchedyddion ‹i-khe- dədh -yon› [ɪxɛˡdəðjɔn]
1 skylark
There is a farm called Pantyruchedydd (“hollow of the lark”) on the road
called Heol Mynydd Gelliwastad, by Gelliwastad in Ynysforgan (county of
Abertawe)
ETYMOLOGY: variant of ehedydd (=
skylark), with the influence of the element uch- as in uchel (=
high)
:_______________________________.
uchel ‹II khel› [ˡiˑxɛl]
(adjective)
1 high
bryn uchel a high hill, a big hill
2 esgidiau uchel high boots, long boots
Pws Esgid Uchel Puss in Boots (“Puss
(of) High Boot”)
3 cerfwedd uchel high relief; = a type of relief or sculpture of
shapes carved to stand out from a background; in high relief, the carved figure
is well above this surface formed to serve as the background
mewn cerfwedd uchel in high
relief
wedi ei gerfio mewn cerfwedd uchel
carved in high relief
:_______________________________.
ucheldir ‹i-khel-dir› [ɪˡxɛldɪr] masculine noun
PLURAL ucheldiroedd
‹i-khel-dii-roidh, -rodh› [ɪxɛlˡdiˑroið, ɪxɛlˡdiˑrɔð]
1 highland, higher ground
ar lawr y dyffryn ac nid ar yr ucheldir
on the floor of the valley and not on the higher ground
2 house name
Brigâd Dân Gorllewin a Chanolbarth
Cymru, Pencadlys y Frigâd Dân, Ucheldir, Heol y Coleg, Caerfyrddin, SA31 3EF
Mid and West Wales Fire Brigade, Fire Brigade Headquarters,
"Ucheldir", College Road, Caerfyrddin, SA31 3EF
Yr Ucheldiroedd the Highlands
Ucheldiroedd yr Alban the Scottish
Highlands
ETYMOLOGY: (uchel = alt) + soft
mutation + (tir = land)
:_______________________________.
Yr Ucheldre [ər i-KHEL-dre]
[ər ɪˡxɛldrɛ]
1 place name
(delwedd 7108d)
..1/ Ucheldre
Uchaf (farm name). Farm on Ynys Môn near Amlwch (SH3487)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1360246
Nearby is Ucheldre Goed
.....
..2/ Ucheldre (street name)
(postcode: LL65 1RU) Caergybi, county of Môn (the street name is “Ucheldre
Avenue”, thus on the street name in Google Street View (2021),though a genuine
Welsh form would be simply “Ucheldre” as in the street names below)
This is in the “e > a” region, so the pronunciation locally would be ucheldra
[ɪˡxɛldra]
.....
..3/ Ucheldre (street name)
(postcode: LL77 7RG / LL77 7RH) Llangefni, county of Môn
This is in the “e > a” region, so the pronunciation would be Ucheldra [ɪˡxɛldra]
.....
..4/ Ucheldre (street name)
(postcode: LL61 6TD) Niwbwrch, near Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll, county of Môn
This is in the “e > a” region, so the pronunciation locally would be ucheldra
[ɪˡxɛldra]
.....
..5/ Ucheldre (house
name). locality (SJ0445) in the county of Dinbych near
Y Ddwyryd / Druid SJ0443, south-east of Betws-gwerful-goch
.....
..6/ (SH9144)
locality in the county of Gwynedd (formerly Meirionnydd ) near Glanyrafon,
north of Y Bala, on the road to Gellioedd and Cerrigydrudion
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH9144 map, llun
/ map, photo
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/243062 Ucheldre (ty^ hynafol / ancient house
.....
..7/ (SO1398) locality in the county of Powys (formerly
Maldwyn), near Tregynon SO0998
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1398 map
..8/ (street name) Ucheldre
(postcode: SY16 4PS) Ceri SO1489, near Y Drenewydd, county of Powys (misspelt
as “Uchel Dre”)
ETYMOLOGY: “the high trêv / farmstead”
( uchel = high ) + soft mutation + (tref = trêv / farmstead) > ucheldref
> ucheldre (loss of a final ‘f’ in polysyllables is a centuries-old
phenomenon in Welsh)
(delwedd 7314d)
NOTE: Three places called Ochiltree /ˡɔxɪltrɪ/
in Scotland, from the
Cumbric (i.e. a later form of Brythonic language of Lancashire, Cumberland and
southern Lowland Scotland, and most likely identical with the Welsh language of
the period – it became extinct in the 1100s) probably corresponds to modern
Welsh Ucheldre(f)
.....
..1/ NT0374 Wester Ochiltree (West Lothian), Ochiltree Castle
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=606991
Ochiltree Mill (West Lothian),
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=606091
....
..2/ Ochiltree NX3274 (East Ayrshire)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=559344
Wikipedia 25-05-2024: The
name Ochiltree was spelt Uchletree in the Middle Ages, and has a Brythonic
etymology... the high steading, either a reference to its landscape position
(commanding views to south and east), or as a significant local centre.
.....
..3/ Ochiltree NS5021
(Dumfries and Galloway), Loch Ochiltree
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/89036 Ochiltree
trig point
...
Also as a transferred name:
1/ Ochiltree County, Texas, United States. Ochiltree County
Website (Apr 7, 2010). Ochiltree County was mostly a ranching community in the
1880s and 1890s. The town of Ochiltree, named after Texas politician William
Beck Ochiltree, was founded in 1885 and became the county seat in 1889.
2/ Ochiltree, a location in British Columbia, Canada
:_______________________________.
uchelfa [i-KHEL-va] [ɪˡxɛlva]
feminine noun
PLURAL uchelféydd
[i-khel-VEIDH]
[ɪxɛlˡvəɪð]
1 high place
Brenhinoedd-2 16:2 Mab ugain mlwydd oedd
Ahas pan ddechreuodd efe deyrnasu... (16:4) Ac efe a aberthodd ac a arogldarthodd yn yr uchelfeydd, ac ar y
bryniau, a than pob pren gwyrddlas
Kings-2 16:2 Twenty years old was Ahaz when he began to reign... (16:4) And he
sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places, and on the hills, and under
every green tree.
ETYMOLOGY: (uchel = high) + (-fa suffix, = place)
:_______________________________.
uchelseinydd [i-khel-SEI-nidh] [ɪxɛlˡsəɪnɪð]
masculine noun
PLURAL uchelseinyddion
[i-khel-sei-NƏDH-yon]
[ɪxɛlsəɪnˡəðjɔn]
1 loudspeaker
ETYMOLOGY: (uchel = high) + (sein-, stem of seino = to sound, < sain
= a sound) + (-ydd = suffix)
:_______________________________.
uchelwrol [i-khel-UU-rol] [ɪxɛlˡuˑrɔl]
adjective
1 aristocratic
ffug-uchelwrol pseudo-aristocratic
ETYMOLOGY: (uchelwr = aristocrat) +
(-ol, suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
uchelwyl [i-KHEL-uil] [ɪˡxeˑlʊɪl]
feminine noun
PLURAL uchelwyliau
[i-khel-UIL-yai,
-e] [ɪxɛlˡʊɪljaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 gala = festival
2 uchelwyl y glowyr = miners'
gala, day of celebration for workers in the mining industry with processions,
music and other activities
ETYMOLOGY: "high festival” (uchel
= high) + soft mutation + (gwyl =
festival)
:_______________________________.
-udd [IIDH] [iːð]
1 ‘lord’ - final element in some male personal names from Old Welsh
Bleiddudd, Eliudd, Gruffudd, Marchudd,
Maredudd, Morudd
See iudd
:_______________________________.
udo [II-do] [ˡiˑdɔ]
(verb)
1 howl, hoot
2 utgorn trumpet
(“hoot horn” ud- stem of verb udo = to howl, to hoot) + soft mutation
+ (corn = horn)
:_______________________________.
uffern [II-fern] [ˡiˑfɛrn] (feminine noun)
1 hell
angel uffern hell’s angel
disgyn i uffern go down into hell
llosgi yn uffern to burn in hell
pyrth uffern the gates of hell;
Welsh translation of La Porte de l'Enfer (sculpture by Auguste Rodin in Le
Musée Rodin, Paris)
...agor pyrth uffern to open the
gates of hell
...tu hwnt i byrth uffern beyond the
gates of hell
...ym mhyrth uffern at the gates of
hell
tân uffern hellfire, the fires of
hell
...tân tragwyddol uffern eternal
hellfire, the eternal fires of hell
uffern ar y ddaear hell on earth
...Uffern ar y ddaear yw’r dref honno
that town is hell on earth
uffern dân hellfire
2
mynd yn uffern bach (argument) end
up in a fight (“become a small hell”)
Aeth yn uffern bach All hell broke
lose
mynd yn uffern parod (argument) end up in a fight (“become a ready hell”)
Aeth yn uffern parod All hell broke
lose
3 gwneud eich bywyd yn uffern
i chi make your life hell (“make your life a hell to you”)
4 (exclamations)
uffern dân! bloody hell! (“hellfire”)
uffern ddiawl! bloody hell! (“hell +
devil”)
myn uffern i! bloody hell! (“relic +
hell + of-me”) (see “myn”)
myn uffach i! bloody hell! (“relic +
hell + of-me”), with altered form of uffern
:_______________________________.
uffernol [i-FER-nol] [ɪˡfɛrnɔl] (adjective)
1 hellish
ETYMOLOGY: (uffern = hell) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
ufudd-dod [i-VIDH-dod] [ɪˡvɪðdɔd] masculine noun
1 obedience
mynnu ufudd-dod demand obedience,
enforce obedience
ETYMOLOGY: (ufudd = obedient) + (-dod suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
ugain ‹II gain, gen› [II-gain,
-en] [ˡiˑgaɪn, -ɛn] (masculine
noun)
1 twenty
:_______________________________.
ugeinfed [i-GEIN-ved] [ɪˡgəɪnvɛd]
adjective
1 twentieth
with a following masculine noun there is no mutation:
dyn (= man), yr ugeinfed dyn (= the twentieth man)
There is soft mutation with a following feminine noun:
canrif (= century), yr ugeinfed ganrif (= the twentieth
century)
ETYMOLOGY: (ugain = twenty) + (-fed, suffix to form an ordinal number)
:_______________________________.
ulw [II-lu] [iˑlʊ] masculine noun
1
ashes
2
llosgi'n ulw burn to a crisp (“burn (becoming) ashes”)
:_______________________________.
Ulwelw [II-lu-EE-lu] [ˡiˑlʊˡeˑlʊ] (feminine
noun)
1 Cinderella
:_______________________________.
..1 un ‹IIN› [iːn]
(masculine noun)
1 one
Causes soft mutation (where possible) before a feminine noun, and thus acts iin
the same way as the definite article y
buwch cow
y fuwch the cow
un fuwch one cow
2 prìn un o scarcely a
single one of...
prin un ohonyn nhw scarcely a single
one of them
3 (yr un... + noun) = the same...
Nid ydym i gyd o'r un defnydd
We're all born different (“we are not all of the same material”)
yr un fath the same thing (“the same sort / kind / type”)
Does dim dau yr un fath No two men are alike "there isn't a two the
same sort"
(does dim = there isn't) + (dau = two) + (yr = the) + (un
= one, same) + soft mutation + (math = type)
Maen nhw i gyd yr un fath â’i gilydd They’re all the same (“the same
with / as its fellow”)
4 un o fil one in a thousand
5 (person) (with an adjective)
un da am roi cildwrn (masculine) a
good tipper
un dda am roi cildwrn (feminine) a
good tipper
Un òd wyt ti You’re odd, you’re an
odd person
6 -Pwy grys? -Yr hen un coch -What shirt? –The old red one
-Pwy dei? -Yr hen un goch -What tie? –The old red one
(pwy – southern colloquial for pa
= which; pa grys, pa dei)
7 any, no
Ni wnaeth Ceridwen yr un sylw o
hyn Ceridwen didn’t take any notice
/ the slightest notice of this (comment)
:_______________________________.
un [IN-] [ɪn-]
1
(prefixed numeral) one
unochrog one-sided, biassed
2
(prefixed numeral) denotes one remaining of a pair
..a/ unfraich ‹in-vraikh› one-armed
(un = un) + soft mutation + ( braich = arm)
Also: un fraich [IN-vraikh] [ˡɪnvraɪx]
..b/ unllaw [IN-lhau] [ˡɪnɬaʊ] one-handed
(un = un) + soft mutation + ( llaw = hand) *unlaw > unllaw
Also: un llaw [iin LHAU] [iːn ˡɬaʊ] , ag un llaw [ag
iin LHAU] [ag iːn ˡɬaʊ]
..c/ unglust [IN-glist] [ˡɪnglɪst] one-eared
(un = un) + soft mutation + ( clust = ear)
Also: un glust [iin GLIST] [iːn ˡglɪst]
..d/ ungoes [IN-gois] [ˡɪngɔɪs] one-leggèd
(un = un) + soft mutation + ( coes = leg)
Also: un goes [iin GOIS] [iːn ˡgɔɪs]
..e/ unllygeidiog [in-lhə-GEID-yog]
[ɪnɬəˡgəɪdjɔg]
one-eyed
(un = un) + soft mutation + ( llygad = eye) > *unlygeidiog > unllygeidiog
Also: un llygad [iin-LHə-gad]
[iːn ˡɬəgad]
:_______________________________.
..2 un [IIN] [iːn]
1 (after a superlative adjective) very, of all
y diweddara’ un the very latest
ond y newyddion tristaf un oedd...
but the saddest news of all was...
y... lleiaf un the very smallest
P’un yw’r lleia un? Which (of these
animals, etc) is the tiniest of all?
Wrth blannu’r tatws yn y modd hwn mae’n bosibl cael cnwd go dda o’r ardd leiaf
un
By planting the
potatoes like this it is possible to get a good crop from (even) the smallest
garden
Go brin bod rhywun yn
gorddweud wrth ddweud mai’r teledu yw’r dylanwad mwyaf un ar feddyliau pobl
It’s no exaggeration when people say that TV is the biggest influence on people’s minds
2 cyrraedd y gwaelod eitha’ un
reach rock bottom, hit rock
bottom (“reach the extreme bottom”)
ETYMOLOGY: un (= one)
:_______________________________.
unarddeg (“unarddêg”) [iin ar DHEEG] [iːn ar ˡðeːg] (masculine noun)
1 eleven
:_______________________________.
unawd, unawdau [II-naud, in-AU-dai, -e] [ˡiːnaʊd, ɪnˡaʊdaɪ, -ɛ]
(masculine noun)
1 solo
:_______________________________.
unawdydd,
unawdwyr [in-AU-didh, i-NAUD-wir] [ɪnˡaʊdɪð, ɪnˡaʊdwɪr]
(masculine noun)
1 soloist
:_______________________________.
unben, unbeniaid ‹IN ben, i BEN yaid, yed› [ˡɪnbɛn,
ɪnˡbɛnjaid, -jɛd] (masculine noun)
1 dictator
unben creulon cruel dictator
unben didostur pitiless
dictator
:_______________________________.
unbenaethol [in-be-NEI-thol] [ɪnbɛˡnəɪθɔl] (adjective)
1 dictatorial
:_______________________________.
unbennaeth [in-BE-naith, -eth] [ɪnˡbɛnaɪθ, -ɛθ] (feminine
noun)
1 dictatorship
:_______________________________.
uncorn [IN-korn] [ˡɪnkɔrn]
masculine noun
1 chimney, single chimney
a mygai uncorn Number 5 Bangor Street
fel stemar fach drwy'n pnawn (Teisennau Berffo, T Parry Jones, ?1957)
and the chimney of Number 5 Bangor Street smoked like a little steamer through
the afternoon
2 (qualifier) having one chimney
Tai Uncorn (“houses with one
chimney”) street name in Blaenau Ffestiniog (Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: (un = one) + (corn = horn, chimney)
:_______________________________.
undeb [IN-deb] [ˡɪndeb] masculine noun
PLURAL undebau
[in-DEE-bai,
-e] [ɪnˡdeˑbaɪ, -ɛ]
1 union = something united
2 union = political unit, consisting of a state with other countries
incorporated to expand its territory
yr Undeb Prydeinig the British Union
- the English state created by the Union of England and Scotland in 1707
Within the so-called union at the present time there are territories other than
England and Scotland –
..i) six counties of Ireland retained by England after the independence of
Ireland (1921) and given the status of an English province,
..ii) Wales (considered constitutionally to be an appendage of England), and
..iii) Cornwall (not recognised by England as anything other than a part of the
territory of England, with the status of a county)
Jac yr Undeb Union Jack = the flag
of the English state; more correctly ‘baner
yr undeb’ / the Union Flag, as a jack is a small flag flown on the jack
staff of a ship to indicate the state to which the vessel belongs by means of a
distinctive design
3 union = association
Undeb Cymru Fydd New Wales Union
(patriotic movement in the late 1800s)
Undeb yr Annibynwyr Union of
Congregationalists
Undeb yr Bedyddwyr Union of Baptists
undeb myfyrwyr a students’ union
undeb y myfyrwyr the students’ union
Undeb y Myfyrwyr Students' Union, a social
organisation for students in tertiary education (university, college)
undeb tollau a customs union
undeb amaethwyr a farmers’ union
undeb yr amaethwyr the farmers’
union
Undeb Amaethwyr Cymru Farmers' Union
of Wales
undeb llafur a trade union
undeb athrawon a teachers’ union
undeb yr athrawon the teachers’
union
Roedd undebau'r athrawon yn mynnu y dylai unrhyw un sy'n ymosod ar athro, yn
rhiant neu yn ddisgybl, wynebu erlyniaeth awtomatig
The teachers' unions insisted that anybody who attacked a teacher, whether
a parent of a child, should face automatic prosecution
Undeb Cendlaethol Athrawon Cymru
Welsh National Union of Teachers (national = Welsh)
undeb glowyr a miners’ union
undeb y glowyr the miners’ union
Undeb Cenedlaethol y Glowyr National
Union of Mineworkers (national = belonging to the English state)
Undeb Cenedlaethol y Ffermwyr
National Union of Farmers (national = belonging to the English state)
4 (English administration, 1800s) union = two or more parishes which
came together to form a unit in order to provide relief for the poor
5 Mewn undeb y mae nerth
or Mewn undeb mae nerth Unity is
strength; there is unity in strength; united we stand, divided we fall
("in unity there is strength")
6 undeb mewn amrywiaeth
unity in diversity
ETYMOLOGY: (un = one) + (-deb, suffix for forming abstract
nouns)
:_______________________________.
Yr Undeb [ər IN-deb] [ər ˡɪndeb] masculine noun
1 The Union = the union of the Crowns of England and Scotland, which
lasted over a century (1603-1707) until the incorporation of Scotland into the
English state
2 The Union = the political union of England and Scotland, in fact
the incorporation of Scotland into the English state (1707 until the present
day)
3 The Union = the political union of the English state and Ireland
(1801-1920)
4 The Union = the union of the English state and six northern
counties of Ireland which retained by the English state and desognated as a
province of the United Kingdom after an Irish state was founded in 1920
5 The Union = the northern states of the USA which fought and
defeated the southern states of the Confederacy in the Civil War (1861-1865)
:_______________________________.
Undeb Ffermwyr
Cymru [IN-deb FERM-wir KƏM-ri] [ˡɪndɛb ˡfɛrm wɪr ˡkəmrɪ]
(masculine noun)
1 Farmers' Union of Wales
:_______________________________.
un dim arall [iin dim AA-ralh] [iːn dɪm ˡɑˑraɬ] pronoun
1 anything
O’r braidd ’mod i’n meddwl am un dim
arall I can hardly think about anything else
Nid oedd un dim arall i'w wneud
There was nothing else to be done
ETYMOLOGY: ‘any other thing’ (un =
one) + (dim = something, nothing) +
(arall = other)
:_______________________________.
undod [IN-dod] [ˡɪndɔd] (masculine noun)
1 unity
:_______________________________.
undydd [IN-DIDH] [ˡɪndɪð] adjective
1 one-day = lasting for only
one day
2 ymwelydd undydd day tripper
3 ysgol undydd one-day conference, one-day learning session
(“school (of) one day”)
cynhadledd undydd one-day
conference
4 (noun) a single day
Nid mewn undydd y codwyd Rhufain Rome was not built in a day
ETYMOLOGY: (un = one) + (dydd
= day)
:_______________________________.
uned, unedau [II-ned, i-NEE-dai, -de] [ˡiˑnɛd, ɪˡneˑdaɪ, -dɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 unit
uned fesur unit of measurement
:_______________________________.
uned ffatri [II-ned FA-tri] [ˡiˑnɛd ˡfatrɪ] (masculine
noun)
1 factory unit
:_______________________________.
unedig [i-NEE-dig] [ɪˡneˑdɪg]
(adj)
1 united
2 (in names of sports teams) unedig usually indicate that two teams have
joined together to form a new team
3 united sometimes indicates that there is a union where one partner is
subordinate to the other
Y Deyrnas Unedig, Welsh translation of the United Kingdom (an English
name such as The United Kingdoms would have suggested another kind of union)
:_______________________________.
unfan [IN-van] [ˡɪnvan] (feminine noun)
1 same place (cf unman =
any place)
2 troedio yn eich unfan
mark time (= when a marching column of soldiers stops, the rhythm of the
marching step is kept by moving the legs alternately on the same spot, without
moving forward) (“tread / step in your one-place”)
3 aros
yn eich unfan stay still, stay in the same place, stay put
man lle mae amser wedi aros yn ei unfan
a place where time has stood still (a place which seems to be the same as it
would have been many years ago, and has not changed with the times)
4 sefyll
yn eich unfan stand still, stop
5 neidio
yn eich unfan jump on the spot (jump landing in the same place, without
moving away forward, backward or to the side)
5 nofio
yn eich unfan tread water
Also: troedio’r dŵr
6 cerdded
yn eich unfan walk on the spot
7 troi yn eich unfan turn round on the spot
gall y car bach dyfeisgar hwn droi yn ei
unfan this ingenious little car can turn round on the spot
ETYMOLOGY: (un = same) + soft mutation + ( man = place)
:_______________________________.
yr un fath [ər IIN VAATH] [ər ˡiːn ˡvɑːθ] (feminine
noun)
1 the same thing (“the same sort / kind”)
2 Mae hi yr un fath i minnau
It’s the same with me
3 Yr un fath i chwithau!
(colloquially Run fath i chithe!)
The same to you, Same to you (in returning a wish)
-Blwyddyn newydd dda i chi! -Run fath i
chithe!
-Happy New Year! -Same to
you
4 bod yr un fath ar bawb
to affect everyone the same way (“be the same sort on everybody”)
5 Nid yw pawb yn gwirioni yr
un fath It takes all sorts to make a world (“not everybody dotes (on
things) in the same way”)
6 (predicative adjectival) the same
Fydd pethe 'run fath eto Things will
never be the same again, My life will never be the same again
7 (adverb) in the same way
(North Wales) Nid yw pawb yn gwirioni yr
un fath
More colloquially - Tydi pawb ddim yn
gwirioni ’run fath
It takes all sorts to make a world; one man's meat is another man's poison
(“not everybody dotes (on things) in the same way”)
:_______________________________.
unfath [IN-vath]
[ˡɪnvaθ] adjective
1 identical
gefeilliaid unfath identical twins
anunfath non-identical
ETYMOLOGY: (un = one) + soft
mutation + (math = type)
:_______________________________.
unfraich [IN-vraikh] [ˡɪnvraɪx] adjective
1
one-armed
ETYMOLOGY: (un = un) + soft mutation
+ ( braich = arm)
:_______________________________.
ungaill [IN-gailh] [ˡɪngaɪɬ]
adjective
1 having only one testicle
ETYMOLOGY: (un = one) + soft
mutation + (caill = testicle)
:_______________________________.
unglust [IN-glist] [ˡɪnglɪst]
adjective
1
one-eared
Also: un glust [iin-GLIST] [iːn ˡglɪst]
mochyn unglust = ugly pig
(North-west Wales)
ETYMOLOGY: (un = un) + soft mutation
+ ( clust = ear)
:_______________________________.
ungoes [IN-gois] [ˡɪngɔɪs]
adjective
1
one-leggèd
Also: un goes [iin GOIS] [iːn ˡgɔɪs]
2 bwrdd
ungoes (North), bord ungoes
(South) pedestal table
ETYMOLOGY: (un = one) + soft
mutation + (coes = leg)
:_______________________________.
uniad, uniadau [IN-yad, in-YAA-dai, -e] [ˡɪnjad, ɪnˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
(masculine noun)
1 merger, joining together, union
Yn fuan wedi uniad y “Tyst” a’r “Dydd”
Shortly after the merger of (the periodicals) Y Tyst (= the witness) and Y Dydd
(= the day)
uniad y ddwy goron the union
of the two crowns, the union of the two kingdoms
2 cyfuniad merging, joining together
:_______________________________.
uniaith [IN-yaith,
IN-yeth] [ˡɪnjaɪθ, -ɛθ]
adjective
1 monoglot, knowing only one language
Cymro uniaith oedd fy nhad-cu
My grandfather was a monolingual Welshman; My grandfather spoke only Welsh
ETYMOLOGY: (un = one) + (iaith = language)
:_______________________________.
uniaith Gymráeg [IN-yaith, -eth, gəm-RAIG]
[ˡɪnjaɪθ, -ɛθ,
gəmˡraɪg] adjective
1 monoglot Welsh = able to speak no other language apart from Welsh
2 in Welsh only = written only in Welsh
ETYMOLOGY: (uniaith = monolingual) +
soft mutation + (Cymraeg = Welsh)
:_______________________________.
uniaith Saesneg [IN-yaith, -yeth, seis-NEG]
[ˡɪnjaɪθ, -ɛθ,
səɪsˡnɛg] adjective
1 monoglot English = able to speak no other language apart from
English; unable to speak Welsh
2 English-only, in English only, written only in English (and
omitting Welsh)
Ysgrifennais yn Gymraeg at f’aleod
seneddol, ond uniaith Saesneg oedd y llythyr a gefais yn ateb
I wrote to my member of parliament in Welsh, but the letter I got back was in
English only
ETYMOLOGY: (uniaith = monolingual) +
(Saesneg = English)
:_______________________________.
unig [II-nig] [ˡiˑnɪg] (adjective)
1 alone
2 yn unig only
Fe’n unig a wyr Only he knows,
No-one knows but him
3 torri cwys unig to
plough a lonely furrow, to be the only person studying some phenomenon,
investigating some matter
4
arunig isolated
(ar- intensifying prefix) + (unig = alone)
arunigedd isolation, isolationism
:_______________________________.
unigolrwydd [i-nig-GOL-ruidh] [ɪnɪˡgɔlrʊɪð]
masculine noun
1
singularity = distinctiveness
ETYMOLOGY: (unigol = singular) + (-rwydd suffix for forming abstract
nouns)
:_______________________________.
unigryw [i-NIG-riu] [ɪˡnɪgrɪʊ]
adjective
1 unique = unlike any other
profiad unigryw a unique experience
Cawson ni flas ar winwns cochion unigryw
Rosgo
We enjoyed the unique red onions of Rosgo (village in Brittany)
ETYMOLOGY: (unig = sole, only) +
soft mutation + (rhyw = type)
:_______________________________.
union [IN-yon] [ˡɪnjɔn] (adjective)
1 direct
2 felna'n union exactly like that, just
like that
3 gyferbyn â opposite, facing
yn union gyferbyn â directly opposite
4 yn y canol union right in the middle
yng nghanol union (rhywbeth) right in the middle of (something)
yn union yn y canol right in the middle
yn union yng nghanol (rhywbeth) right in the middle of (something)
5 straight
mor union â saeth (“as straight as
an arrow”) as straight as an arrow, as straight as a ramrod Also: mor union â'r saeth (“as straight as
the arrow”)
6 exact, precise, very
yr union beth the very thing, the exact same thing
yr union beth y mae ei angen just
what is needed, exactly what is required (“the very thing that there-is its
need”)
Dyma’r union beth yr oedd ei angen
It’s just what we needed, It’s exactly what we had to have
ar yr union eiliad at that precise
moment
yn y canol union in the dead centre
Dyma'r arian union Here’s the exact
money
7
(electric current) direct
cerrynt union = direct current, DC
:_______________________________.
uniondeb [in-YON-deb] [ɪnˡjɔndeb] (masculine noun)
1 rectitude, honesty
Ni fu erioed gyfaill cywirach i uniondeb
There was never a truer friend of rectitude (“there has not been ever-in-the-past
a friend truer to rectitude”)
:_______________________________.
unllaw [IN-lhau] [ˡɪnɬaʊ]
adjective
1
one-handed
Also: un llaw [iin LHAU] [iːn ˡɬaʊ] , ag un llaw [ag
iin LHAU] [ag iːn ˡɬaʊ]
ETYMOLOGY: (un = un) + soft mutation
+ ( llaw = hand) unlaw > unllaw
:_______________________________.
unllygeidiog [in-lhə-GEID-yog] [ɪnɬəˡgəɪdjɔg] adjective
1
one-eyed
Also: un llygad [iin LHƏ-gad]
[iːn ˡɬəgad]
ETYMOLOGY: (un = un) + soft mutation
+ ( llygad = eye) > *unlygeidiog > unllygeidiog
:_______________________________.
unman [IN-man] [ˡɪnman] (adverb)
1 anywhere; nowhere
:_______________________________.
yr un mor ‹ər iin mor›
1 (for forming adjectivals and adverbials) just as... (as before);
after mor there is soft mutation
Ond parhaodd i'w holi yr un mor dawel
But he continued to ask her just as calmly as before
ETYMOLOGY: (yr = the) + (un = one, same) + (mor = as)
:_______________________________.
uno ‹î-no›
verb with an object
1 amalgamate, bring together, combine
2 unite = marry, join together in marriage
uno mewn glân briodas join together in holy matrimony
3 unite = cause different factions to agree and act together as one
Syniad y rhai hyn oedd uno'r Genedl drwy
gyfrwng y Ffydd Gristnogol a'r Iaith Gymraeg
The idea of these people was to unite the Nation through the Christian Faith
and the Welsh Language
4 unite = bring two or more territories (states, provinces, etc)
together as a entity
ymgyrchu'n ddi-drais dros uno Iwerddon
campaign in a non-violent manner to unite Ireland
verb without an object
5 join (a group) = become a member
uno â'r fyddin join the army
6 cael eu huno â'i gilydd
be joined together ("get their joining with each other")
7 aduno ‹ad-ii-no› reunite
= cause to come together again; to come together again
ETYMOLOGY: (un = one) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
Yr Unol
Daleithiau ‹ər I nol da LEITH ye›
1 the United States
:_______________________________.
unrhyw ‹IN rhiu› (determiner)
1 any
:_______________________________.
un tro ‹iin tro› adverb
1 once, one time, on one occasion
Un tro pan oeddwn yn cysgu ar y soffa yn
stafell ffrynt Siôn Pwll daeth plismon i'r ty
One time when I was sleeping on the sofa in Siôn Pwll’s front room a policeman
came to the house
ETYMOLOGY: (un = one) + (tro = turn, occasion)
:_______________________________.
untu ‹in -ti› adjective
1 of one side
cyfrwy untu = side saddle, ladies’
saddle
2 unilateral
diarfogi untu unilateral disarmament
gweithred untu ar ran y cyngor fu hyn
this was a unilateral act carried out by the Council
ETYMOLOGY: (un = one) + (tu = side)
:_______________________________.
unwaith ‹IN weth› (adverb)
1 once
2 unwaith ag am byth once and for all,
once and for all time, once and once only
taliad unwaith ag am byth
a premium payment, a one-off payment
3 bod yn debycach i chi eich
hun unwaith eto become your old self again, regain vitality (“be more
similar to yourself once again”)
:_______________________________.
un yn y cae
tatws a'r llall yn y cae maip ‹iin ən ə kâi ta-tus ar lhall ən ə kâi maip›
-
1 North Wales talk at
cross-purposes; one person talking about one matter, and the other about
another matter, and both believing that they are talking about the same thing;
("one in the potato field and the other in the turnip field")
Mae un yn y cae tatws a'r llall yn y cae
maip
They're talking at cross-purposes
:_______________________________.
urdd, urddau ‹IRDH, IR dhe› (feminine
noun)
1 order (= organisation)
:_______________________________.
urddiad ‹irdh -yad› masculine noun
PLURAL urddiadau ‹irdh-
yâ -de›
1 ordination = the conferring of Holy Orders on, consecration as a
priest or minister
ymhén dwy flynedd wedi ei urddiad two years after his ordination
ETYMOLOGY: (urdd-, stem of urddo
= ordain) + (-i-ad abstract noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
usyn, us ‹I sin, IIS› (masculine
noun)
1 a bit of chaff
us = chaff
2 gwannus <GWA-nis>
[ˡgwanɪs]
light chaff
“weak chaff” (gwann-, tonic syllable
form of gwan = weak) + (us = chaff)
:_______________________________.
utgorn ‹it -gorn› masculine noun
PLURAL utgyrn
‹it -girn›
1 trumpet
2 sain yr utgorn the
sound of the trumpet
Hebreaid 12:19 A sain utgorn, a llef geiriau;
yr hon pwy bynnag a’i clywsant, a ddeisyfasant na chwanegid yr ymadrodd wrthynt
Hebrews 12:19 And the sound of a trumpet, and the voice of words; which voice
they that heard entreated that the word should not be spoken to them any more
3 (Christianity) trumpet = in allusion to the final trumpet which
will sound on the day of judgement
yr utgorn diwethaf “the last trump”
Corinthiaid-1 15.51 Ni hunwn ni oll,
eithr ni a newidir oll mewn moment, ar drawiad llygad, wrth yr utgorn diwethaf:
(15:52) Canys yr utgorn a gân, a’r meirw
a gyfodir yn anllygredig, a ninnau a newidir
Corinthians-1 15:52 In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump:
for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we
shall be changed.
ETYMOLOGY: (ud- = stem of verb udo = to howl, to hoot) + soft mutation
+ (corn = horn)
:_______________________________.
Uthr Pendragon ‹ITH-ør, II-thir
pen-DRAA-gon› (masculine noun)
1 father of Arthur, according to tradition (Uthr the warrior, literally
'dragon-head')
:_______________________________.
..1 uwch ‹IUKH› (adjective)
1 higher
:_______________________________.
..2 uwch ‹IUKH› (preposition)
1 above
Generally uwchben
2 Nid ei di byth uwch bawd na sawdl You’ll
never get anywhere, You’ll never make it, You’re doomed to failure (“you won’t
go higher than a toe or a heel”)
3 Occurs as uwch (= upper; beyond) in kúmmud names paired with is (= lower; below). The
lower part had the administrative centre
Uwch Aled / Is Aled
Uwch Cuch / Is Cuch
4 Uwch-y-dre area of Corwen (county of Dinbych)
(“above the town”) (uwch = above) + (y definite article) + soft
mutation + (tre = town)
:_______________________________.
Uwch Aeron ‹iukh EI ron› (feminine
noun)
(History) neighbourhood "beyond / on the other side of / above the
river Aeron"
:_______________________________.
uwchaf / uwcha ‹IUKH av, IUKH a› adj
1 uwcha is a form of uchaf
found in the spoken Welsh of South Wales (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru gives two
examples, one from the county of Caerfyrddin in the south-west, and another
from Nantgarw, by Caer-dydd. in the south-east).
A Topographical Dictionary of The Dominion of Wales, Nicholas Carlisle,
London (1811) in describing Llangatwg, by Castell-nedd: CADOXTON, or, LLAN
CATWG, ...Church dedicated to St. Catwg. The resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, (consisting of the Hamlets of Blaen Honddan, Coed Ffrangc,
Dyffryn Clydach, Dylais Issa, Dylais Uwcha, Glynn Neath Canol, Glynn Neath Issa, Glynn Neath Uwcha, and Ynys y Mond)
was 3482.
ETYMOLOGY: This form shows the influence of the comparative form uwch (=
higher), to which the superlative ending –af has been added
:_______________________________.
Uwch Aled ‹iukh â-led› feminine noun
1
History neighbourhood (cwmwd) of the hundred (cantref) of Rhufoniog (in the country of
Gwynedd Is Conwy)
2 Electoral ward; one of the 59 seats of the county council of Conwy
3 Ysgol
Uwchaled, Cerrigydrudion ("school (of) Uwchaled")
Name of a primary school in Cerrigydrudion
(although this village was in fact in the "cwmwd" of Is Aled ("Lower Aled"))
4 Uwchaled a rural district of the county of Dinbych / Denbigh for 41 years
from 1894 to 1935, when it was superseded by Dosbarth Gwledig Hiraethog
/ Hiraethog Rural District
Dosbarth Gwledig Uwchaled Uwchaled Rural District
ETYMOLOGY: "(district) above (the river) Aled" (uwch = higher; above) + (Aled)
:_______________________________.
Uwch Artro ‹iukh AR tro› (feminine
noun)
1 (History) neighbourhood "district above / on the other side
of the river Artro"
:_______________________________.
uwchbridd ‹ iukh-bridh › masculine noun
1
topsoil
ETYMOLOGY: (uwch = highest, top) +
soft mutation + ( pridd = earth,
soil)
:_______________________________.
Uwch Coed ‹iukh KOID› (feminine
noun)
1 (History) neighbourhood "district above the forest"
:_______________________________.
Uwch Cuch ‹iukh KIIKH› (feminine
noun)
1 (History) neighbourhood "district above the Cuch stream"
:_______________________________.
Uwch Dulas ‹iukh DI las› (feminine
noun)
1 (History) neighbourhood "district above the Dulas
stream"
:_______________________________.
Uwch Gwyrfai ‹iukh GUIR fe› (feminine
noun)
1 (History) neighbourhood "district above the river
Gwyrfai"
:_______________________________.
Uwch Rhaeadr ‹iukh RHEI a dər› (feminine
noun)
1 (History) neighbourhood "district above the river
Rhaeadr"
:_______________________________.
Uwch Tryweryn ‹iukh trə WE rin› (feminine
noun)
1 (History) neighbourhood "district above the river
Tryweryn"
:_______________________________.
uwchben (*uwchbén) ‹iukh BEN› (preposition)
1 above
:_______________________________.
uwchlaw (*uwchláw) ‹iukh LAU›
(preposition)
1 above
cadw llong uwchláw’r dŵr keep a ship afloat (“keep a ship above
the water”)
pan fo’r tymheredd yn codi uwchlaw
Dyma bobl yn ymddwyn yn gwbl drahaus ac yn sicr yn eu meddyliau eu hunain eu
bod uwchlaw bod deddf.
This is a people
who behave with total arrogance and are convinced (“sure in their own minds”)
they are above all laws (“above every law”)
2 the opposite is islaw (*isláw) above
ETYMOLOGY: “above hand” (uwch =
upper; above) + soft mutation + (llaw
= hand)
Uwch-y-môr house name, Pont-rhyd-y-bont, Ynys Môn (“Uwch y Mor”) “(the
place) above the sea”, place overlooking the sea
:_______________________________.
uwd ‹iud› masculine
noun
1 (American: oatmeal) (Englandic: porridge)
2 porridge, in reference to prison food (since porridge was the
staple food of a prison)
Bu am bum mlynedd yng ngwesty ei
Mawrhydi yn bwyta uwd
For five years he was in Her Majesty’s guesthouse eating porridge
3 bod yn uwd o ragfarn be
steeped in prejudice (“be a porridge of prejudice”)
4 in oaths – a euphemism for Duw
(= God)
O'r uwd, be wna i? Dammit! What am I
going to do?
5 bol uwd pot belly
6 uwdffon, plural uwdffon (“porridge stick”) porridge
spoon, one for stirring porridge
Also as
..1) wtffon / wtffyn,
..2) or with added initial ‘h’ hwtffon /
hwtffyn
..3) but in South Wales it is pren uwd (“stick
/ wood (of) porridge”)
7 bys yr uwd forefinger, index finger
(“finger (of) porridge”)
uwdfys forefinger, index finger (“porridge finger”)
8 bwyta
uwd â myniawyd try to do the impossible (“eat porridge with an awl”)
ETYMOLOGY: uwd < iwd (‘i’ = vowel) < iwd (‘i’ = consonant) < British
From the same British root: Breton yod (=
porridge)
NOTE: In Welsh, Cadwaladr is the
name used to personify porridge; compare
..a) Morgan, yr hen Forgan (=
kettle),
..b) Rhys o’r mynydd (“Rhys from the
mountain / the upland”) (= the wind)
:_______________________________.
V, v ‹vii› feminine noun
1)
twenty-second letter of the twenty-six letter Roman alphabet
...1 a,
2 b,
3 c,
4 d
5 e,
2) (does not appear in the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet)
:_______________________________.
v
..1/ In the Anglicised spelling of Welsh place names –
Vron, instead of (Y) Fron (= hill),
Van for (Y) Fan (= peak)
..2/ In Patagonia, there is Dolavon, instead of Dolafon (= river
meadow), but this may reflect the deliberate use there of v instead of f
at the beginning of the settleement (the newspaper was called Y Dravod, for
example, rather than Y Drafod).
Or it maybe in order to suggest the correct pronunciation for Castilian
speakers.
..3/ In some personal names, especially in the 1800s, some preferred to use ‘v’
instead of the proper spelling with ‘f’
Cadvan was the bardic name of John Cadvan Davies (1846-1923, aged
77), a poet, hymnwriter and eisteddfod adjudicator, who was born in Llangadfan
(Powys)
Elfed was the bardic name of poet and hymwriter Howell Elvet Lewis
(1860-1953, aged 92/93), born in the village of Cynwyl Elfed, in the county of
Caerfyrddin
John Gwenogvryn Evans,
editor of medieval Welsh texts, (1852-1930), born in Llanybydder (SN5244) in
the county of Caerfyrddin but brought up in Llanwenog (“church (of) Gwenog”).
Gwenogfryn is (“hill (of) Gwenog”); this middle name was used to make
the very common name ‘John Evans’ more distinctive. John Gwenogvryn Evans
probably devised it himself.
:_______________________________.
VERB-STEMS AS PAST PARTICIPLES
colli (= to lose), stem coll-, past participle coll (=
lost), bod ar goll (= be lost)
pannu (= to full [cloth]), stem pann-, past participle pan (=
fulled), bod yn hanner pan (= be half fulled; of a person, be stupid)
pobi (= to cook, to bake), stem pob-, past participle pob (=
baked), caws pob (= baked cheese [on toast]; Welsh rarebit)
:_______________________________.
Via Llewelyn
Lloyd ‹-›
1 street name in Livorno, Italy named after Llewelyn Lloyd
(1879-1949), painter, son of Welshman William Lloyd, Hendrefigillt, Cilcain,
Sir y Fflint, and his Italian wife Luisa Bianchini. See an article from the
'Cymro' 23 06 1999 (O Hendrefigillt i Livorno, author: T. Gwynfor Griffith) and
a book of the same name by the same author (publisher: Gwasg Gomer). In Livorno
there is a park of the name Parco di
Villa Lloyd, and on the island of Elba Viale
Llewelyn Lloyd
Sumbolau:
a A / æ Æ / e E / ɛ Ɛ / i I / o O /
u U / w W / y Y /
MACRON: ā Ā / ǣ Ǣ / ē Ē /
ɛ̄ Ɛ̄ / ī Ī / ō Ō / ū Ū /
w̄ W̄ / ȳ Ȳ /
BREF: ă Ă / ĕ Ĕ / ĭ Ĭ /
ŏ Ŏ / ŭ Ŭ / B5236:
B5237: 
BREF
GWRTHDRO ISOD: i̯, u̯
CROMFACHAU: ⟨ ⟩ deiamwnt
ˡ ɑ ɑˑ aˑ a: / æ æ:
/ e eˑe: / ɛ ɛ: / ɪ iˑ i: / ɔ oˑ o: / ʊ
uˑ u: / ə / ʌ /
ẅ Ẅ / ẃ Ẃ / ẁ Ẁ
/ ŵ Ŵ /
ŷ Ŷ / ỳ Ỳ / ý Ý / ɥ
ˡ ð ɬ ŋ ʃ ʧ θ ʒ
ʤ / aɪ ɔɪ əɪ uɪ ɪʊ aʊ ɛʊ
əʊ / £
ә ʌ ẃ ă ĕ ĭ ŏ
ŭ ẅ ẃ ẁ Ẁ ŵ ŷ ỳ Ỳ
wikipedia, scriptsource. org
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ǣ
---------------------------------------
Y TUDALEN HWN:
kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_u_1025e.htm
---------------------------------------
Creuwyd: ??
Adolygiad diweddaraf:
Delweddau:
Ffynhonnell:
---------------------------------------
|
Freefind: |